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By Mr. LOCK M^ K lUuftrated with Maps and Sculptures. VOL. I -Sp LONDON: Printed for John Noon, ai the White Hart near Mercer*s ChapeJ, Cheapfide, Mpqcxuii. ?;-5»,y ^ !\ T O T H E Right Honourable ARTHUR ONSLOfr.YXo^, SPEAKER of the House of COMMONS. S I Ry DO my felf the Honour to wait upon You with the Voyages and Travels of the Jefuits : A Body cf Men whofe literary Produ<9:ions will be as acceptable to You, as the Tenets and Practices aicribed to them muft be diftafteful. The j^'" il DEDICATION. If M ;•• ', The true Intcicfl: of this Work could not have been better conful- ted than by the prcfcnt Addrefs j as your Name Avill be a great Orna- ment to It, and the beft Means of reconciling Me to thofe Fathers, for tlie Freedom I have taken, to intro- duce a confidcrable Number of Paf^ ingcs from the moft celebrated of their AntagcnifLs; fince the jefuits cannot fail, Sir, of finding an equi- table Jvidje in You (and certainly Julikc is due to all Men) who, by your In'.partinlity and Learning, are VvcU (]uaiificd ior io important an Oilkc. For tlio' their Profeffion may oblige tlicili to observe a certain De- coiran outwardly ; yet their good iScnle, and their profound Knowledge of Men and Things, muft perfuade 1'hcm that there are' excellent Cha- ractci^, even among the Strongeft of their Onjionrmrs. »3s* Tha DEDICATION, iii The Picture, Sir, which an ho- nourable and moft obliging Friend of Mine was pleafed to draw of You : The amiable Particulars he told Me concerning your intimate Acquain- tance with Literature and the Sciences j and the Regard you have ever (hewn to Them, and to their Profeflbrs, made me proud of acquiefcing inftant- ly with the Defire He had, that I Ihould grace the following Sheets with your Name. Thole who are converfant with Books, know that the wifeft Legi- flators, antient and mcdciii, always made the Arts and Sciences their pe- culiar Care; from a firm Perfuafion that the chcriOiing of Them is not only highly honourable to the Patrons, and to their Country, but produ£iive of the rnoft iolid Advantap'es to it: It b-Jing an unircrlally received Maxim, ihc.t I iv DEDICATION. that as the Arts and Sciences are cul- tivated or negleiled, States either flou- rifli or decay, lignal Proofs of which are found in the Greek and Roman Hi- rtories. U L?, «■ As Heaven indulges indifcriminately its moft valuable Talents to the P/7- triuan and Plebeian^ to the Rich and Poor ; how glorious muft it be for Peribns, even in the moft exalted Sta- tions, to patronize (fince they there- by Iccond the Views of Providence, who feems to appoint them as Guar- dians) all Thofe whole Endeavours may be of Advantage to Mankind j and which frequently, for want of fbme fuch benign Influence, can never be brought to Maturity! For could it be fuppofed that Providence gave Exiftence to fuch Men, merely that they fliould languifli away Life in Obicurity, a grievous Burthen to Themfelves, and of no Ule to Society ] and, at laft, drop unre- cul- flou- rhich Hi- lately c Pa- h and ^e for d Sta- there- idence, Guar- rs may and ne fuch nought ppofed to fuch mguifli :rievous of no , drop unre- DEDICATION. v unregarded into the Grave ? The Rr^f- fians will be obliged to their great Czar for whatever Advances they may hereafter make in the Arts, and for their future Figure as a Nation ; and how bright a Luftre muft this throw round the Memory of that Monarch, even to the remoteft Ages ! The Pleafure, Sir, which you take in promoting the liberal Arts, is evi- dent from the Zeal with which you animate and encourage all fuch Per- formances as may be of Service to the Public. And whilft too many of the Great fliut their Doors againft the Learned in general, they are allowed the moft benevolent Accefs to your Houfe, of which you have the Hu- manity and Difcernment to think them no inconfiderable Ornament. I fhall not enter into the moft ftii- ning Parts of Your Charadcr, as be- ing J \ -"«. f VI DEDICATION. ing a Task to which I am unequal : And indeed, how fupcrfliious would fuch an Attempt be, after what has been faid on that Occalion by Writers much fuperior to \ 7] .1 I \ SIR, . Tour mofl hnmble. and tmjl obedkfit Servant^ John Lockman, PREFACE, %' fus HE WORK which forms th« greatell Part of the enfuing Col- Icdlion is entitled, in the Ori'^inal, Lettres cd'ifiantes (d curieufeSy icrites des Mijfiom etrangeres^ par quelques Miffionaires de la Compagnie de Je- The Rife of the Miflions which gave Oc- cafion to this Correfpondence, is fet forth at large by the late Father le Gobien^ in his Dedication of the firft Volume of thefe Letters to the Jcfuits of France, the mod eflential Parts of whicli Dedica- tion are given hereunder f. « * That is : Letters concerning the Cofrjerfions of Heathens, &C. intermixed nvith a great Variety of Sui jd'cs relatini to Li- terature and the Sciences : Written, from the foreign MijJom, by fome JefuitMiJJionaries, It was ncctirary tor me to tr.inllitc tlie Title in this Manner, in order to give the i^eader an IJca of the full Extent of it. t To /i'f J E s u 1 T s nii'd!e 'n Siain, Father d'' Eipagnac, who died in Capcivity in Pegu ; Father-' Tachard, de Beze, Colujfon, Marcel Ic BLou, Coniilh^ Peter Martin, BeaunjoUier, and Brother Mo- ric€t, Voli nuiy eafily figure to yourfelf the Multitude of Suf- ferings, of anotlier Kind, which await a Miflionary, who comes into a Country, with whofe Language, Manner?, and Cuiloms he is wlioliy unacquainted ; and yet is forced to conform to them, with regard to the Way of Life, Drefs, and other Articles of civil Society. Heaven only knows the Pcrfecutions which arc raiftd againll them by the Enemy of our Salvation. It may, in fame mcadire, be affirmed, that whatever St. Paul relates cjnci'i ning his Ferlecutions, fuit all our Mifllonaries, in part ; and perhaps Ibnie particular ones among them, wholly. 1"he Letters writ by our Fathers, will inform you of the only Circumliance which can repay their various Toils and Sufferings, 'ihey convert, annually, many thoufand Inlidels ; and tho* their Life b: exceedingly painful and aullere, Heaven foftens it with \\) many Lonlolations, tliat they are afraid thefe fhould fui)ftra«5l too conlidcrable a Portion of their Recompencc. What Zeal foevcr rray be fiiewn, in procuring thofe who toil in this Manner, the imall Necellaries they cannot abfolutely do without ; the Labourers are fo very numerous, that there is not wherewithal to fupport them. In compliance with the holy .irclouf of n:any who dchrcd to engage in thefe Miflions, a:)d to nffill the Wants of fuch Nations as fued for (^r Aid, it was foiM.d neceflary to fend a great Number of MilTic tries, all of whom wcrecbliged to lely nieiely on Providence: And as a con- fiucrablc Number of l';ilal>lii]iments were made, it was thought j\oper to divide them iuro two trench \ ice-provinces, one in C.hi.-i.it and the other la the F.ajl-Jndics. * V ('-/i //.if,/? he naw ahuut fartyt or on: and forty Tears Jlncc, I <■.■:. it. •n \~.'Z. 3.- We % i arlieft e was pub- c fet out ;»■««, ft' de nh , catch'd i fick on re, fwept St. Mar- ie B/anc, «, DoIZCy ifonment, eticks \ as 10 died in «, Marcel other Mo- de of Suf- kvho comes id Cuftoms tn to them. Articles of which arc , It may, ^aul relates I part J and of the only Suftc rings. id tho* their tens it with iubftrad thofe who )t abfolutely hat there is th the holy Miflions, ur Aid, It ries, all of ud as a con- was thought ices, one in 7\ars fincc. We 11 1 PREFACE. V publiihed in 1741, and the laft Letter is ^Smc^X in 1 740 •, confeqiiently tliefc Letters (many of them at leafl) have one CircumOancc to recommend them, I mean Novelty, The iirft .eight Volumes of the Original were communicated to the World by Fa- ther k Gohien ; and the fucceeding Volumes by Fa- ther du Halde, now living, who compiled the four large Folio Volumes, containing a general Hiftory of China, The next confidcrable Pieces are two Journies, undertaken by the Chineze Emperor into Eajiern and Weftern Jartaryy in 1682 and 1683 ; to which is annexed, a Relation of a Defcent made by the Spaniards^ in 1683, into California. Thefe three Pieces make a Duodecimo Volume, printed at Paris in 1685 ; and they appearing to me curious, I tranflated them throughout, and have given them a Place in the prefent Colledion. I likevvife introduced (before the three laft men- tioned Pieces) all the effential Particulars in a Trea- tile, \yritten by an Author of great EmineiKe, the late learned Mr. la Croze of Berlin, Profeflbr of Phi- lofophy. Librarian, and Antiquary to his Prujfum Majefty. The Treatife I mean, relates to the State of the Chriftian Religion \n Ethiopia ^was printed at the Hague in 1739, iimo. and intitled Hijioire du Chriftianifnte d' Etbiopie, &c. As Ethiopia is fo little known to the Europeans, and fuch fabulous Accounts have been writ concerning it, I made all the Refearches poffible 'mer \ye here prefent you (reverend Fathers) only the firil-fruits of thefe rifmg Settlements. Wc conjure you to contribute, by your Vows, your Prayers, and Sacrificts, towaidi obtaining for us, by the heavenly Mercy, others much more confiderablc.— — / am, r ever cud Fathers^ Tour moji hnmhle and moJJ ohcdleut Ser'vant, A 3 and ii .'■? •fl- VI PREFACE. and prefent State •, and *twa: in this View I drew up, from Purchases Pilgrim^ an accurate Abridgment of a very curious Tratfl, viz. the Patriarch Berrf7udez*s Relation of the Expedition of the Portiigueze into A- byflinia. Thefe, with fome other Pieces which I may add afterwards, will form the Text of the en- fuing Volumes. The Notes with which this Work is interfberfed, are of a very mifcellaneous Kind, hiftorical, geo- graphical, critical, i^c. as each will fhew ; and I have always taken care to quote my feveral Autho- rities. To return to the Lettres edifiantes 6f curietifes. As the geographical and other Particulars found in them, arc intermix'd with a long Detail of the Miracles, as well as of the Converfions which the Jefuits declare they make in their Miffions -, it was neceflary for me to expunge all Incidents of this Kind, (thofe excepted, here and there, which I pre- fumed might entertain) fuch appearing quite infipid or ridiculous to moft Englijh Readers ; and indeed to all Perfons of Underftanding and Tafte. However, this gave me no little Trouble, of which thofe only could be fully fenfible, who fhould compare my Extrads with the Originals Thefe would perceive the Pains I mud necefliiriiy have taken, in making Choice of fuch Particulars only as I imagined were ufeful or entertaining ; tor which Reafon I fometimes took only one, two, three or more Lines from different Parts of a Page -, when omitting fometimes ten, or more. Pages together, I conne6led thefe feveral Extrads, without folding in any Thing of my own, which I can affirm I have not done once. It mud be confels*d, that this may feem to be of no Advantage, in one Refpedl, to the Originals: However, had fome of the Tranflators and Compilers of the .fix judly celebrated Volumes of Voyages and Travels, printed for Churchill^ i^c, (not to men- tion nt of to A' ' lich I heen- Dcrfed, geo- , and I /Vutho- nib\e, of 10 ihould Thele ily have lars only or which three or when together, K folding affirm I onfefs'd , ntage, in ver, had rs of the .iges and to men- tion PREFACE. vii tion others) ftruck out as freely as I have done, their Folios, would have fhriink confiderably : As, on the other Hand, their Performances muft have been perufed with infinitely greater Pleafure, and would have done Honour to the original Au- thors, had the Writers in queftion been befcr (kill- ed in their own Language •, in thofe from which they tranflated, and been careful of their Didion. It likewife coft iiie no little Pains to compare, fo often as I was obliged to do, .the Names of Places mentioned in the Jefuits Letters, with thofe fpecified in our Maps. To this I would add, (had it not been a Satisfa6lion which infinitely overpaid the Trouble I might be at on this Occa- fion) my fetting the feveral Maps before me ; and accompanying, as it were, the Fathers perpetu- ally in their Peregrinations, both by Sea and Land. Perfons of a ftrong Imagination willieafily figure to themfelves the Pleafure, which this muft have given me. On the other Hand, I don't know any Nation who difguife proper Names more than the French, a Circum (lance which often is very per- plexing to a Tranflator. The Rule I obferved, with Regard to fuch Names as I could not find in our Maps or Authors, was, to cxprefs their feveral Sounds as nearly as I could, by the correfponding ones in our Language. Some may very probably dis- approve of this Method, but I could not think of any other fo much to the Purpofe 4 efpecially as I have frequently given the Names, as written in French, at the Bottom of the Page. I am apprehcnfive that lome Perfons, who allo\V nothing in a Book but what is abfolutely ufeful, will, like others who would ftrip off all Superflui- ties in Drefs, accufe me for not fupprefling ftill more. My Anfwer is, that I endeavoured to pleafe, to the beft of my Power, all forts of Readers -, and ' I know that fonie are very agreeably entertained A 4 with % ■■■-r:, , I: ■; I vlii PREFACE. with the folitary, the wild Perambulations of thef^ Fathers, in ihr-aillant Countries little known to us» tho' Icarce any Advantage could accrue from thence to the Arts, to Geography, or Piiiluiophy. Fre- quently, 'cis not the Subjed alone fliall engage a Reader's Attcntio:^, but the mannt r in which it is treated ; and the Jciliits are acknowledged to be fine Painters. However, as Narratives of this Kind may tire fome People, 1 endcavoujcl to enliven fuch Relations by Notes. In the Whole, 'twas a Maxim wich me, to infert many Things iiielefs, rather than omit one of Cunfequence. Thole who fliall condemn my Judgment in this refpec^, need but hurry over fuch Pages as may di;h;ult : But no- thing could li.ive actoncd for my Omilfion of one important Particular. The Word Estra^ bein^ mentioned above, and in the Courfe of thefe Travels, it may not, I be- Jieve, be improper, as it is fometimcs fuppos'd (tho' falfely) to imply a double Meaiiing, to obferve in what Senfe I take it here. In making thefe feveral Extradls, I did not reduce a Subject to a propor- tionably-fmaller Dimenfions, as when a Perfon is painted in Miniature •, but feleded fuch Particulars only as I imagined were neceiHiry, and gave thefe at large, as in the Originals. However, this is jpoke only of the Lettres edifiantes ^ curieufes^ and a few other Pieces which form the ^Pext *, the Ex- trads, in many of my Notes, being of the firft Xind. I believe it will be granted, diat no Men are bet- ter quahfitd to delcribe Nations and Countries than the J.'luits. Their Education, their cxtenfive Learn- inj2;; the Pains they take to acquire the Languages ^b> of the fcveral Regions they vifit ; the Opportunities they iiave, by their Skill in the Arts and Sciences, as w(^\\ ao by their infinuating Addrefs, to glide in- vO Courts, where Accels is often denied to all but them- 's; I; PREFACE. F thel^ k to us* thence Fre- igage a Ich it is ) be fine Is Kind enliven ;, *tvvas s uiekfs, lole who £1, need : But no- li of one gave [en are bet- mtries than [five Learn- 1 Languages 3portunities |d Sciences, jto gUde in- to all but them- themfelvcs : Their Familiarity with the Inhabitants ; their mixing with, and, often, very long Abode among them ; thefe, I lay, muft neccllaiily give our JcKiits a much more perfedl Infight into the Genius and Chara6lcr of a Nation, than others who vifit Coails only, and that merely upon Account of Traffic, or from other lucrative Motives. In cafe , thcld Mercantile Travellers happen to go up a Coun • 11 V, and make fome little Stay in it, the moll they are able to do is, to get a few of the mod obvious Cilloms; to defcribe Habits, Buildings, and what- ever clfe comes under the Notice of the Eye : But as to the Genius of the Inhabitants, their Religion, their Government, and other important Articles, thefc they can learn only fuperHcially ; lince they mud depend wholly, for Information, upon the Natives, in cale they underftand their Language •, or upon IxM'eigners who may have refided fome Years among them. Upon the Whole therefore, 'tis my Opinion, that the Jefuits, to fpeak in general, have the bell Opportunity of furnifhing us with valuable Accounts of many far diitant Countries. Probably the only Circumllancc which reilrains the Pens ol moit of them, is their Profefiion, and certain pri- vate Views. This may be the Reafbn vvhy they of- ten deviate from Trucii in their Relations ; trouble tiie Public with many unenrertaining Particular.% and omit others from which the World m.ii;hc have reaped the highell Advantage. The Jefuits, particularly thofe of Laly, Spain. and Portugal, have been proved to exaggcrare ib greatly in their Accounts ; to give fo mucn into the Marvellous, and to affert fo many Faifities, that, like the Shcphcr.l's Boy in the Fable, many Peo- ple won't believe them even when they do fpeak Truth. For this Rcafon, I judged it very necef- i.>.ry to examine t'leir Relations carefully, and to croi^pare them wicji thole of fuch Travellers as are ill m X PREFACE. in the greateft Rrpute for their Veracity and Ta- Jents. PafTagcs from many of thefe form one Spe- cies of my Notes. Abftra6ted from the Plcafure which, I imagined, they would give to many Readers -, I thought it a Jufl ice due to the Fa- thers, to fct all their Truths in the mod advanta- geous Light in my Power. And here let me be permitted io hmt again, that the French Jefii- its have impofed, in their Relations, far lels on the World than thofc of the abovementioned Countries ; which, no doubt, is owing to their good Senfe and fuperior Abilities. Being born and edu- cated in a Country where Learning flourillies, a great part of the Individuals of it muft neccflarily he more enlightned, and therefore not apt to be fo miich'mifled as other Nations, in which Ignorance and Superftition prevail. In all probability, the Jcfuits. adapt their Writings to the Genius and Capacity of their refpedlive Countrymen. As I have not omitted the many advantageous Things which thefe Fathers fay of themfelves ; the Account they give of their very fevere Aufterities ;. of the furprizing Pains they take in making Con- verts, and the various Difficulties and Dangers which they go through for that Ftirpoie 5 I ima- gined that Jurtice called upon me, to exhibit them in the very different Colours in which they are re- prefented by their Opponents. It may be objefted^ that the Maxims and Pradlices of the Jefuits are fo well known in the Briiijb Realms, that all farther Precautions would be unncccfiary. However, in my humble Opinion, a great Evil cannot be too much guarded againit ; not to mention the Enter- tainment which thefe Incidents and Refledtions may fometimes afford % and what we are told with re- gard to the indefatigable Induftry of the Romtfld Priefts, of late Years, in making Converts among us. Btfides, very few Particulars, quoted by me, concerning the horrid Pradlices with which they are % PREFACE. XI k\ Ta- lc Spe- I many the Fa- dvanta- me be :h Jefu- lels on entioned eir good and edu- ■illies, a eccflarily t to be fo ranee and he Jcibits. Capacity antageous lives •, the ifterities •,. CT Con- cSngers I ima- libit them ey arere- objefted, liiits are fo all farther wever, in are cli:irged, are borrowed from Efjglijh Writer?, but from Foreigners, many of whom are little known in o\ir Country. Of thele, one of the pi incipal is a Work confining of eight Volumes, iimo. laid to be drawn up by lomc French Aurhors,equ illy confpicuouR for their Probity and Lcarning^amongwhom is reck- oned the excellent Dr. ^r«w«/^*, (tho* others deny this.) This Work is entitled. La morale prati- que des Jeftiitesy (the pra6lical Morals of the Jclliits.) The firft Volume was printed in 1684, and the lafl: in 1695. The Reader will find, in the Courfe of the following Travels, that I have borrowed very freely from thcfe Volumes. I mud obferve however, that I don't pretend to warrant the Truth of any Palfages extraded from them, or from any other Opponent, of the Jefuits ; any more than I do thofe Particulars, tranflated by me, which the Fathers relate in favour of themfelves. A Circumftance to which I attended particularly, was to give, in Notes ot this Kind, fome Ac- count of the Authors of them, whenever it was in my Power. I thought this a Jullice due to the Fa- thers, as a Reader is thereby the better enabled co form a Judgment with refpcd to the more or left Strefs which ought to be laid on the AfTert'ons of fuch Writers. To give one Inftance : . As our Countryman GagCyXht Traveller, (mention*d in my 3d Vol.) is very I fevere on the Jefuits,! thought it incumbent on ine to j oblerve, that he himlelf was a Convert from the Church of Rome -, now *tis well known, that Pro- ; felytes to all Religions are, in general, apt to be mod partially bitter in their Invedlives again 11: the ' Church they quitted ; confequently the Cenfures of * The fix jaft Volumes are faid to be either writ or conipiK'ey appear as celcftial Minillcrs, in the other as infernal Spirits. Can we poffibly ti- gure to ourfelves a more amiable Being, than a Man, who, after enriching his Mind with the nobleit Trcaiures of Knowledge, voluntarily quit:, his Friends, his Relations, and his native Countiy ; hazards himfclf to all the Perils of the Sea ; and afterwards goes afhore, tho* fcarcc provided with any Ntceflaries, among a barbarous People, with whofe Language he is utterly unacquainted ; there roves, in their wildeft Solitudes, in danger, every Moment, of falling down t*recipices, or into deep Chafms ot" the Earth •, of being murthcred by wild Beads or by the Natives •, and all this folely from a Defire of polifhing their Minds, of afllfting their corporeal Part,and of laving their Souls ? Now luch they are reprelented by themfclves and their Adherents. On the other Hand, if we refled: on a Man whole only Defign, in acquiring Learning, is to im- pole upon his Fellow-creatures ; who, under the Cloak of Religion, and to ferve a Sett of deteila- ble Politicians, undertakes long Voyages ; vifits foreign Regions, and there ingratiates himfelf with the feveral Natives of them, in order to feize upon their Riches •, and make them Slaves in their own Country, where, amid their virtuous Ignorance, they enjoyed undiihirbed Felicity : Can Imagination h.ime a more horrid Creature than this ? Such is the Ch.uMCcer their Antagonifts give of them. This double View puts me in mind of a PicJilare I have U'cn rcprelcnting an Angel, v/hcn, turning up tlie liottom of it, a cloven Foot appears. I ■ i io ,1 pan 4 tor. %^'t PREFACE. i\ Wcij^ht kA\ out- bccn cJu- •y different Minirters, poffibly li- nan a Man, :he noble II quit J his ; C>untiy V tl\e Se.i -, x* provided DUb l\'ople, acquainted •, in danger, ices, or into lurthvired by 11 this iblely , of affifting Souls? Now res and their on a Man ling, is to im- under the t of detella- res •, vifus himfelf with to feize upon in their own lis Ignorance, Imagination ? Such is the them. This iaare I have Iming ^^P t'^^ I don't doubt but that fome Perfons of the Romifb Perlliafion, will be grievoudy offended at me for introducing, in a Work of this Kind, fuch a Num- ber of Paffiges, highly injurious to a Body of Men for whom they expreis the utmoft Veneration. I anfwcr, that my View, in tranflating and compiling this Work, was not %o make Profelytes to the Church ot Rome \ and that mod of the Paflages in queftion are borrowed from Writers who profeffed the fame Principles with themfelves •, and fome of them the noblcft Ornaments, both for Piety and Learning, of their Age and Country, among whom Father Paul and Mr. Pafcal (land in the foremolt Rank -, confequently the Refentment of fuch Per- fons ought to rife much higher againft thofe Wri- ters than againft me. Bcfides, as the Jefuits have ever taken, and ftill take fo much Pains to trumpet their own Virtues *, whether real or pretended, fhould not thofe be heard who offer to explode them ? If the Invectives of the latter are juft, we are obliged to them for the Difcovery ; if ground- lefs, the regular and truly-pious Condudt of the Jefuits will, in Time, invalidate the Calumny, and bring a deferved Odium on the Memory of thofe who raifed it. But as Matters ftand, no one, I prefume, will wonder that an EngJiJh Froteftant, who endea- vours to give an accurate Vcrfion of their Miflions, without difguifing a fmglc Circumftance ; lliould, as a Lover of Truth, of Mankind, and of his na- * I have now before me a curious Work of this Kind, fplcndid- ly printed at ylnt^rvcrp^ AnnoxQti-j^ in a huge 4/1?. 'Tis dedicated to holy Mother Churcii [SancLc Matii Ecclcj: c Catholics Ko- jnantVy &c.) And entitled, £'/i?iJ7« 'Sociciatii y^JuiJiuc fropuytiacuIiUK fontifiawiy conclliorum, cardinaliuffit nnnjlititm, v.ec nou Impn-a- toium^ Regitniy Pontijicuf/iy Cf aUoriitn inrtute, rel'ifione^ omnique Literatura ;7////?r/«/;; (ctiam li.'crecicnrum) ^cfiimoniis : ^tti tx- pcjfti licrboy qua Jcripto conjignatis conjirufttim : if in ties partes ' Jy-Jifum. a F. Chrijiophoro Gof>icz eju/ifcm Sociaaf.-s. Part of my Work may be confidcred as a Conu:iii 10 this cl F..ti'.v.r G'c/avZ. ' live £' \ > I iv > jiv PREFACE. tivc Cuuntiy, prefrnt an Antidote along with it, Tiie Kf.ultT may, il' he plcalrs, confider mc, in i'oinc incaliirc, as the Slave who attended the Ro- man Geihrals in tl.cir 'I'riuniplis. One Ciirumllancc, wliich mud make all fenfiblc ajrd iinpajudiced Perlons lufj);;d very much the Veracity of the JcTuirs in general, is the Accounts they give of Mi.acles pretended to be wrought in the Scenes of their fevcrai MifTions. As thefc Fathers often infill very warmly upon the Rea- lity of them i at the fame Time, that the Fal- fity of ihele Miracles is apparent to ail Perfons of good Senfe •, this mufc naturally prejudice all fuch Readers againlt the other Parts of the Re- lations of our P'athers, or at lead incline them to be very fcepiical wliilfl they periife them. Thefc Miiacles too may have been of lingular Advantage to their Opponents, fincc they gave liiem a very good Opportunity of reprefenting the Jefuits as egregious Liars, and conlequently as Perlons to whom no manner of Credit ought to be given, on any Ac- count \ whence their Enemies may often have been i'nduc'd to blacken them more tlian they really de- ferved. iVly Opinion, in general, is, that the Je- fuits are to be credited equally with other Travel- lers, whenever Religion is out of the Cafe ; or, in other Words, the temporal Intcreils of their So- ciety. But to return. If I myfelf have fometimes aim*d at Refleclions of the abovementioncd Kind, 'tis only on cert.iin Occafior.s which railed fuch an Indig- nation in me as I could not pofiibly conceal. Having a natural Averfion to Hypocrify in every Shape, and a (Irong Inclination to ipeak my Thoughts at all Times when I prefume it neceflary i I could not for- bear venturing them on Paper, whenever I fuppofed an Impo- ■ ^ i 'I i M PREFACE. XV Impofition glaring, or even riifpicious *. However, I hope i have never done rhis in a Manner unworthy a Man of Probity, and a Lover of Literature. As a Friend ro my native Country, I heartily 'W * Here follows an ^.xample n upon the Cunning and DifTimu- lation which prevail fo much in the World, has Ibmerimes made me think of the Jefuits in a Man- ner very ditfeient from that in which they are ufu- ally confidcrcd among us ; I mean, not as fangui- nary Men, but only as a Sett of People who are proioundly ikVivcCi in Arts, in the Pradice of which I Itlic idud idu{ 31 xvii it; and bear an : So far n I was id Abi- f Thofe i-, being ^rfons in [ am an they are :he moft s of this norant of i Ad van - ence with > the moft 'irtuous of ns. 3 much as id the ex- of which leir Know- ifcoveries ortionably hich they >d Particu- [ir Compo- jr, I intro- tions from Id Diflimu- ^orld, has in a Man- Icy are ufu- _ as fangui- Icople who lPra6lice of which m •It. PREFACE. which the generality of People endeavour to rival one another, I mean Hypocrify and Cumiing ; confequently, that the fharp Cenfures of fojrie of their Enemies might be looked upon as tlie Effect of Envy, arifing folely from their being furpaffed by thefe Fathers in the very profitable Talents abovementioned ; as Wits and Beauties fliall pull one another to Pieces, from a like invidious Motive. How far fetch'd foever and unjuft this Reflexion may appear, (as I am perfuaded it is in the general) it perhaps will be thought applicable to certain Or- ders of Friars, whole Hatred to the Jeftiits is faid to proceed from no other Caufe than their being outwitted and eclipfed by them. I am perfuaded that many Readers will think fome of my Reflexions too light and ludicrous, and unbecoming a Work of fo ferious a Turn as thefe Travels. I fliou'd be forry to difguft any Perfon, but know it wou'd be impofllble to plealc all. The very Circumftance which fhall win a Man the Favour of one Party, fliall draw upon him the Indignation of its oppofite. I indeed will confeis, that 1 cannot look with Gravity on many Objeds which Multitudes gaze upon' with Awe and Admiration. I think I know the World fo well, as to be certain that a Variety of Things which are beheld ferioufly, wou*d, were the Malk jxill'd off, be found mere Farce, and the highefl Impofition upon the Underftandings of Mankind, However, let no one be ib injurious to mc as to imagine, that I hereby glance at true Religion ; on the contrary, 'tis my unalterable Opinion, that the due Pradice of its Dictates are, of all Things, the moft v/orthy a rational Creature, and moil con- ducive to his Plappinefs. The Learned will probably think , that I might have fpared a Multitude of thefe Notes, % lliou'd be proud of any of their Hints ^ f« pfiii *i.i< , I J ( xvlii PREFACE. and will obf^rve, that cou'd it have been fup- pofed they v/ouM have been the only Readers, I fliou'd not have added one. B'Jt as this Work may poiTibly fall into a V\iriety of Hands, I flatter my fcif that fevcral cA' thcfe Notes, as v/cll on Account of thjir Novelty, as for the ^/latter, v/ill pleafe many Perfons le!s convcriant in Literature. A great: Number of Readers are glad to meet with every Thing nccefiary for the liludration of the Subject they are upon, in the Work itfclf, witiiout being obliged to Jiave Recourfc to odier Books. This fiilts the Supinenels of fome, and the ficnder Cir- cumllances of others j and here are two Sorts of Readers, who, I believe, will not think me too prolix. Neverihclcfs, I very probably may have been fo in feme Places. Dcfirous of inftrucling my ieif, and delighted with tlte Articles I was cojji- jiiiing, my Pen Aid along infenfibly, and frequently took in more than I at iiril defigned ; as Men who fee out for a pleafurable Airing, are often invited to wander much farther than tiiey at firft intended to ijp. Again, i'onzc of thefe Notes will, perhaps, betray the Familiarity of a tcte-a-iete^ and appear not writ with the Regard which ought always to be fiiown the l\ib!ic. I mull crave their Indulgence on this Occafion. Wj-apt in my Subjed, 1 fome- times imiigined I was writing only for myfelf, or for an inLimate Friend ; not confidering that wliatever I fliould venture to (ay on thefe Occafions, miL;ht be canvalTed by thouliinds who are infmitely bcLter Judgc^o of thefe Matters than myfelf. I have rc-tranfiatcd a great number of the PafiTages borrov/ed by rne, from llich French and Italian Au- Ciors as liad appeared in En^liflj before. Mod of IMofe rclatiiig to Countiirs aie copied from Travel- l:rs of the gvcaccd Rep':i;i!ion ; and I lomctimcs have tra!in;ril)cd a Palfige or two from a Boo': which I judged to be the only val'.;;i!;le Paiticulirs ."I in :en fup- raders, I ork may atter my Account ill pleale Al great 'ith every le Subjed out being ks. This :ncler Cir- o Sorts of k me too may have •ucling my was corn- i frequently ; Men who 11 invited to intended to 1, perhaps, and appear Iways to be Indulgence % 1 fome- for myfelf, jring that Occafions, re infinitely lelf. he PafTages Ilcilian Au- Moft of )m Travel- iometimc3 m a B<>*j'i Paiticuliis m tm PREFACE. xiK in it. A great Part of the Materials will therefore, I hope, be Ibund good, how iinfiiilful foever tiie Ar- ch i ted may appear. Upon a Review, I find that fome Notes are not divided into their proper Breaks ; as in my Abridg- ment of Mr. Lerd*ii Jbifcovery of the Se^ of the Banians, ^c. an Impcrfcdlion I did not difcovcr till it was pafl: Remedy. There likewltc are Inac- curacies, here and there, in the Orthography and the Pointing. Some Things will app.ir to a Difad- vantage, occafioned by my not procuring Cv^rrr^iii Books early enough. Perhaps too, there arc a few- Repetitions, which m.uft be owing to my having been often obliged to lay afide this Work for a confiderable Time. Many of the Quotations in Verfe, are not intro- duced for the Bi-atity of the Numbers, but merely on Account of the Thought, and as this iliited my Purpofe. No intelligent Reader will confider thcfe as Proofs, but only as fo many Flights fuggefled by the Imagination of the Poet, I giving them only as flich. The original Letters, confiding of 25 Vo!ame.% (as was obfcrved) fell for near four Pounds j and as I ihall reduce them to almoll a third Part of that Sum, this, I hope, will be confidcred as fome iitde Merit. The two Octavos now publiilu'd include about ten Volumes of the Original j and the remaining f fteen , befidcs fome other curiou? Pieces which I intend to introduce, will make three O6lavo Volumes more. The Reader will pltafe to obferve, that I have not broii;.^ht the other Pieces, interwoven by me, into the ahovementloned Account of the E:irpi'nce. Several eminent Authors, of diHerent Nations, ]:!ave had Rccoiirfe to the Lettres CiMantes ^ cu- m i ■■'ieiifes^ as to a Storehou'e, and borrowed a confi- ucrablc Number of P.Tiiculars frQ:n them i and, li a amon2 m XX PREFACE, among others, our Royal Society^ who introdiiccJ fome Difcoveries of thefe Fathers into their Tran- /anions. Many of my Originals, notwithftanding their being fluffed with fuch a Multitude of tedious and infignificant Particulars, have borne various Edi- tions in France, When they firft came to my Hands, which was fome Years fince, I thought they abounded with excellent Materials; and, for that Reafon, I refolved to attempt a Verfion of the moft valuable Parts of them, the firft Opportu- nity j and communicating my Defign to a few Friends, of known Tafte and Learning, they fecmed to approve it very much. I am fenfible that 'tis often with Tranflators as with Lovers ; each of them Ihall fancy numberlefs Beauties in the fevcral Objeds of theit" Delight, which are quite invifible to all but themfelves : But I hope none of my Prejudices, in Favour of the prefent Work, are fo ill grounded. I fhall obferve, by the Way, that our Jefuits Letters are lefs clogg'd with Conver- fions and Miracles, the farther we proceed ; which poflibly was owing to their finding that fuch Parti- culars, inftead of recommending their Compofi- tions very much prejudiced the Sale of them ; or that they had exhaufled the Faith of their Readers. I have mentioned the Titles of all fuch Letters as are entirely omitted by me, and their feveral Sub- lets. When the whole Work is finilhcd, I Jefign to -iCi^^ a copious Index *, prefuming it more ufetul to give a general One, than j^rticular Indexes to each Volume. As a cunfiderable Number of Jefuits are fettled in the great Peninlula on this Side the Ganges, I have introduced a curious Map of ihofe Parts, taken from that in Mr. la Croze^s Hifloire dit Chi- jiiawfme des Indes, wiih which excellent Work I rodiKcl ir Tran- ng their ious and )us Edi- t to my thought and, for on of the Opportu- to a few ing, they m fenHble , Lovers-, ities in the are quite pe none o{ Work, are Way, that h Conver- ed •, which fuch Parti- Compofi- themj or of their \\ Letters as :veral Sub- d, I Jefigfi nore ufetul Indexes to are fettled GcirigeSy I Ihofe Parts, \ire du Chri- It Work I have PREFACE. xlx hijve made very free. The various Sculptures and Maps, given by the Jefuits in thefc Letters, will all be introduced in their proper Places, a very few excepted, which can be of no Ule ; and particularly One inferred in the fixth Volume of my Originals, pag. xxxi, reprefenting the New Philippines ^ or los Palaos, as pretended to have been laid down, with Pebbles, by a Native of them •, this Map appearing to mc a mere Chimsera. D'jring the Courfe of this Work my Obje^l was Truth, to difcover which I fparcd no Pains, as will, I prefume, be evident on many Occafions, and par- ticularly in my Enquiries concerning the New Fbl- lippine IQands, or los Palaos ; the Sources of the Ntle ', the Jews who are faid to have live;!, from Time immemorial, in China •, and the Religion of the EaJi'Indians : I indeed have extraded many Paf- fages from the Antagonifts of our Fathers, without examining them critically ; they being given by me merely on the Authority of the feveral Writers, by which therefore I defire they may ftand or fall. I doubtlefs may often have mift of what I fo zealouOy fought after on every Occafion, which might pro- ceed from my little Abilities, my fmall Stock of Reading ; and the Liberty that a Multitude of Travellers, befides the Jefuits, take, to amplify a.id difguife Matters. However, my Intention was good, and this alone will jullify me in the Minds of all candid Readers. The Public may be afiured, that I have endea- voured to make my Verfion not alrogether un- worthy their Notice. I am fenfiblc that 'tis not e- qi-ially correift, or well turned, in a!! Places, which v/.r. o.ving to a Variety of Accidents. For not to cbfc^rvc, among other Things, tjiat I romctimcs thought the Subject did not require much polifliingi 'tis lio very ealy Tafic to tranOate thele Letters V. :t!i Spirit, and to give thrm the Air of an Origi- i;a' -v ■■■.^^: mim^m ::,:;,! s? •'m xxii PREFACE. nal, they being writ in a Style quite different from that of mod: other Travellers -, and the Subje(5ls in- finitely variouri. However, the' I may often have been too negligent with regard to the Didlion, I yet was ever extremely careful as to the Senfe ; and can affirm that I have been no lefs fo, in comparing e- very Word tluoughoiit the whole Verfion with the feveral Originals, and in corredting the Proofs. I infill: on thefe Particulars, becaufe they are fre** quently difregarded (and are too often forced to be fo) by Tranilators and Compilers. Hard Fate, that a Sett of Men, the Grace and Elegance of whofe Performances depend very much on a pleafing Flow of the Spirits, fiioulJ, by the Pittance they commonJy receive for their Labours, be quite de- preill'cl in their nobleft Faculties ! On the other Hand, fb many Expcnces attend a Tranflation be- fore it appears in the World •, and then its Fate is fo very precarious,that often *tis not in the Power of Bookfellers to pay a Writer fuitably to his Abili- ties, and the Pains he may have taken. To conclude: I f^t about this Work by Way of Amufemcnt, and to revive a favourite Study. Geo- grapliy, and Books of Voyages and Travels, had ever afforded me a moll pieaiing Entertainment j but I had been forced to lay them afide ma ,y Years. * Fwas therefore with peculiar Satisfa6tion that I re- lumed them ; and I only Vv^ifli that the intelligent Keacler may not difcovcr too much of the Pupil in my Performance. 1^ ]'-r Nov. 1742. y, Lochna:!, CONTENTS Of the LETTERS * in the . First Volume. FA T H E R Mariin, to Father de Vilktte. Par • ticuhirs he met with in India, He is tak.'n by {\\c Arabs. Severe Ljfe of the Mifilonaries, ^r. i F. iVlaudult^ to I'", k Gobicn. From India. 8 ]•'. Eotichet, to F. le Gobien : State of the MifTion in Madura. 9 F. Duiffi'-, to the Director, (s^c. concerning the Eftu- blifliment of new MifTions in India 10 F. Pelijjon^ to F. dc la Cbaize. Stare of the MilTions in CrMtG',2. Pcrfecution in Cocbin-China. 18 F. Paul Clain^ to F. Thyr. Gonzales. Difcovery of thirty-two lilands, to the South of the Ladrone Idands. 23 F. de Pnniare, to F. de la Chaize. A Voyage to China. 36 Courfc for pafling the Streights of Malacca and Go- bcrnadcttr. 6 1 F. Bouve!, to F. de la Cbaize. Particulars met with 'n Cbi:ia. 64 F. Prernare, to F. k Gobien. Particulars relating to Clji'ia.^ and the MiiTions. 80 F. Utanijlaus Met, to the General of the Society. A ncv/ Milfion in Peru. 93 F. le Rrycr, to Mr. le Royer des Arfir.. The Coun- try and JViifTion of ^louqiiin, &c. loi F. dc iarlre, to Mr. de Tarlre. A Voyage to China. I (.) 7 F. de Cbava^nar, to F. k Gobien. Qiialities requir'd in a Miflionary, ^c. F. 'Tcicbard, to F. do la Cbaize. Voyage from Cap Ferd to India. 160 Nn Acconnr is giver; here of any one Particular mcMtior.td- in the Nctcs. This DcM \v:iJ be iu-^plKci by ti.egvncriilli.j.x^ 15.^ hi '' •if CONTENTS. D eclication to a Journey into Ahyjftnia or Ethiopia. 1 78 Succindl Account of the Travels of Charles James Poncet^ a Fr^w^ Phyfician, into Ethiopia, m 1698, 1699, and 1700. 182 Relation of the Expedition of the Portugueze into ylbvffmia, under Don Chrijlopher de Gama, by Ber- f7mdez the Patriarch : Extradted from Purchases Pilgrim: With fome preliminary Hints. 279 Continuation of the State of the Chriftian Religion in Ethiopia ; from the French of Mr. la Croze^ Profcflbr of Philofophy, Librarian and Anti- quary to the King of Pruffia. Containing the Progrefs and Ruin of the Portugueze Miflion in Ethiopia. 308 Dcdicaiion to the Jefuits of France. 348 F. Martin, to F. le Gobien. Particulars relating to India. The Pearl-filhery, i^c. 357 F. Fouquet, to Duke de la Force. Concerning the Millions in China. 389 State of the Miflions newly fettled by the Je- fuits in California *, prefented to the royal Coun- cil at Guadalaxara in Mexico, Feb. 10, 1702. by F. Francis M. Picclo, a Jeluit, one of the firft Founders of that Miflion. 395 A D^fcent made by the Spaniards, into California, in 1683. 408 F. Mauduit, to F. le Gobien. Relating to the Mif- fions in India. Aftronomy of the Indians, Sec. 420 Relation of the Journey of F. Mauduit, a Jefuit, to thcWeflofthc Kingdom of C^?';/<«/<;j, in 1701. 423 State of the Millions in China, prefented at Rome, in 170^, to the General of the Jefuits, by F. Frnncis Noel, a Jefuit-mifiionary. Tranflated from tlie Lalin. 447 F. Martin, to F. Ir Gohicn, Continuation of F. Mar till' 9, Journey in India. 452 F. '^achard, to Count de Crecy. Relating to the Min'o;is of the Frcuch Jefuits in India. 478 T n E ^ liopia. 178 'ks James , in 1698, 182 gueze into z, by Ber- Purchas's R. 279 I Religion ia CrozCy md Anti- lining the MilTion in 308 . 348 dating to 357 rning the 389 ' the Je- yal Coun- 1702. by f the firfl 395 lalifornia^ 408 ) the Mif- •, &€. 420 Jefuit, to 1701.423 rented at "efuits, by Franflated 447 ion of F. 452 ng to the 47 s T H E , n;} I Mi .^.^ Jjl/UV.o. Diiboupj '/.•m-rui X'tf I rnv_ . L .- ■t.i'l-lf.tf • *^ l',tlm,h vniuU'lvHi f^ r.'uU" liidrlyai i'l'' •^ *"V^ Huq UM'vJ/"r^ rfc />^(, jta ^ »»■ w '^i'' <1> ''^ "l ^^ > tSiiulapourl /^brr-^ AIniwiiii <■-' ktni>t %- A > • /r^/ 'j/' /%»» OF //VjSlAPOUU ■u/^ >**V IfMjtoni B; ft ^BhiuJb. ^ •Ir V. » » V UnolcniKln '. ^ he Jl.irJ.- r. / ■; H.u-Affi 1 < : iV,,/»/,f ^ir Ar/;,r<'A.>/Y;«vi//<./ ' > ■J^M^al^Jf W /' V If at"/' it 'ri*ii»ltii'/-aTri /iCi:Bf01X)3t OF Ch«lM li] iT' t/rt4r/ CKUttin) , 'Jlvnuthiri Tt^ Land of naiken tliUa -T?/! ^1 of the ALABAR and t 'LeiKti\un I0\ it- .y| O' lar ♦^ ' J^^ TrimularacliH 5Jl Carnapoli' \m^ Va[ — AC * »,«£,. « . j '■Ti ^<' ;C. Coindrinl .9^ y^ C '/V ICC t.-ut'" L'tt K I N a\ u n v( '^. o Y \ Ta-/ I \f .r\. ..( ,s»ulii|)our ( InitutH •'"'•l-ja s^Jt. rU. •'••,■' ioB^ or ^ ,,0t>^^ * »llViii'iifii'li|>4i>ul •^''^'^'-^'v^::;^,.. -•-<;/:ii^ii/-^ -a^^-x.... vouu lUUlOUl' -^ jtt^ (oiiitavria *A ^ />i,u/J'i>int Triuili avriTriuiinla ^ "/.■*/////' 'tMi'ffi^itffiti/n rani . uo3£^« F Car if a t a ' I/-''':^:i;ri::-IW''y'''' X 'i ^^ "^i ||L||L .-.. _ t,imA,-/on ■ Itm \ . . 1 Land of / ^i»w ^ iiiiii^ ,1 ■ ■ ii^< :»w/vyw.y/ .,««.,„_ , ^fatia»atan ITranquebar !^'"*(1.^Kl\H:G205^F'MAl>URAW;.,«/,MS«,w"tB, -.«aS9p y^''/'->"""»' Vo%#^ * * ; tj*| >L\I1AVX L-Q^J^ - ifr- Trimularaclijam 'tV /'»«"'<"••'■«».•'"•' _ ^ ».-me7*» curin •^rHanf\ lav of, ' iiniale ^litliibara/! ■ vi^^ ^ffrinauilinml e . * TRAVELS O F T H E J E SUITS, INTO Various V arts of the W O R L D : Extradcd from their LETTERS. Father IVTartin, to Father De Villette. Ballafore *, m the Kingdom of Bengal, Jan. 30. 1699:!:. Reverend Father^ HAVE received the Letters you was fo good as to fend me. I will not tell you the Pleafure I felt, when thcfe kind Teftimonies of your Friendfhip came to my Hands. 'Tis a greater Sa- I * This Town is fituated near the Mcuth of a River of the fame Name, which empties idllf in the Buy of Bengal. Here all European 6hips, bjund for Bengal and the Ganges^ take in a Pilot. 'Tis a Town of fome I'rade, and the Englijh have a Fa(ftory then*. X In England we fliould write ic thus, 30. January \j%% : but the French do not begin the Year differently ; that is, iome the I ft of yanuaryy and other: the 2^th oi March i and confe- quentiy avoid a great deal oi Confufion often occafioned in Eng- \land, by our ridiculous Manner of beginning the Year at two dif- ifcrent Times. The French always begin tiieir Year with the ift )f "January. N. B. Vol. I. of the Original begins with the Letter above. B tisfadtion 'if Ji ' ■i lii 2 TRAVELS o/'/^^ Jesuits. tisfadion to ns Travellers than you can imagine, to find, in fiich far diftant Countries, that our Friends have not forgot us •, but on the contrary, that they, whilft we are combatting, lift up their Hands to Heaven, and aflift us with their Prayers. I can aflbre you, I have had great Occafion for them fince I left yeu, and have been expofed to imminent Dangers. I came into India by Order of my Superiours. I will own that I was not difpleafedto leave Perjia, I being defirous ot- engaging in another Miflion, imagining it to be more laborious, and more ex- pofed to Sufferings. I met with what I fought for fooner than 1 expe6led. In the Voyage I was taken by the Arabs ^ and imprifoned for refufing to em- brace the Mahommedan Religion. Thofe Infidels could not difcover who we (Father BeauvoUier my Companion, and myfelf) were •, tho* they did all that lay in their Power for that Purpqfe, and flill thought that we were born in Conftantinople, What miflcd them on this Occafion was, our reading Books in the ^urkijh and Per/tan Languages. We did not endeavour to undeceive 'em, till one of 'em infilled upon our profefling their abominable Religion •, upon which we declared aloud, that we were Chriiiians, but at the fame time con^ -^aled our native Country. We then inveighed againft their Impofior Mahommed^ which exafperated them to fuch a Degree, that they feized our Ship, tho* it belong- ed to Moors ; and carrying us on Shore threw us in- to Prifon *. They took m.y Companion and my- felf feveral times before the Magillratcs, to feduce us, if polTible ; but finding that, by God's Mercy, we were always firm and refolute, they at lall grew weary of perfecuting us ; and thereupon fent an Ex- * It was very natural for the Ara^s to do this ; nothing being more apt to incenfe a People, than to hear their Keligion made the Objed of Ridicule. prefs M. lagine, to Lir Friends ary, that leir Hands ;rs. I can them fince imminent snours. I e Perfia, I r MifTion, i more ex- fought for [ was taken ng to ern- Dfe Infidels ivollier my ley did ail rpofe, and njlantinople, pur reading ages. We till one of abominable [d, that we nr^aled our ;ainft their lem to fuch it belong- irew us in- )n and my- , to feduce d's Mercy, Lt lall grew ent an Ex- Inothing being Religion made prefs TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 3 prefs to the Governor, to know in what Manner they fhould difpole of us. Orders were fent to fet us at Liberty, provided we were not Frankis^ or Eu- ropeans^ which thefe People hardly fufpeded, as we always Ipoke the Turkifi L;inf:;uagc ; and as Father BeauvoUier read none but Arabic Books, and myfelf others writ in Perfian. Thus God did not think us worthy of luffering Death on this Occafion, for the Glory of his holy Name 5 fo that we efcaped, af- ter having been imprifoned, and otherwife ill-treat- ed *. From thence we came to Surat f, where Father * 'Tis obferved that the Roman-Catholicki are as zealous in ^ propagating their Rtfligion among Hcathins, as the Protdtants are neiilif^cnt in that Particuhir, ibme of our Fa»^lories not having " a fingle Ciiaplain i whiht the Romifh Miffionaries not only vifit |Sea-Pons, but " infinuate themfelves into Capital Ciiicj, and the mofl inland Countries, and there buikl Churches, iSc ■\ '[he mojl famous trading City in India, a7id fubjedl to the Great Mogyl. • . . To this I niuft add, that Surat is two or three Miles round. Tis vaiUy populous, and the Bazar or Mar- ket-Place is thronged with Merchants. The Great Mogul ap- oints the Governor of the CalUe ; and there alfo is a Governor f the City, who is Lieutenant or Deputy to the Viceroy of the rovince. The Moors have the fole Government here, as in all ther Towns in hidia fubjod to the Great iV/»ff«/. The Englifif^ \-cnch and Dutch, carry on a great Trade in this City, the Na- ivcs of which arc either floors. Banians^ Ptrjces or Halichors^ ho are employed in the vilell Offices. Tho' ic is fo valtly po- ulous, yet few Tumults ever happen in it. Moll Nations here, ave their leveral Burying-places out of the Town. That of the erfcesy who expofe tiieir Dead to be devoured by Vultures, "orms one of the molt fliocking Spectacles that can be feen. ^\\Q E»gIiJJj2Lnd Dutch \\z\'Q J'lb iheir Burying Places ; in the atter of wliith, a Monument ia builr, caib.lliihed with three ca- pacious Punch-Bowhs, where the Dutch, according to tiie Requell f the Commander who lies buried there, frequently make mer- y. Ti.e Prelident of our EaJ} India Company at Surat lives great State, and fupcrintends all tl'.e rSet:lements on the Weil nd North o^ India. This Pr.-iident h reipetted almoil as much s the Governor. The Europeans ietded here fufFer greatly henever any Ships of the Mjors are taken by Pirates. The ^oors, Baniuns, Armenians, Je~vs and Ambs, carry jn a much reater 'J'radi* than either the Engiijh, Fre?ich or Dutch. }^ 2 Bern* ' , : 4 TRAVELS of the Jesuits: Beauvollier continued, in order to be Superiour oF the Houfe belonging to our Society in that City. I my felf did not make any Stay there, but went to Bengal; after having run the Hazard, more than once, of falling into the Hands of the Dutch. AlToon as I was arrived in that noble Kingdom, which is fubjeft to the Mahommedans, tho' almoft all the People are Idolaters, I began to apply myfelf afliduoufly to the Study of the Bengal Language. In five Months I made fuch a Progrefs in it, that I was qualified to difguife myfelf, and enter into a famous Univerfity of Bramins \\, As we hitherto had acquired but a very flight Knowledge of their Religion, our Fathers were defirous that I fhould re- fide two or three Years there, in order that I might learn it perfedly. This I had determined, and war. going to put my Defign in execution, when a furi-' ous War breaking out on a fudden, between the Ma- hommcdans and Idolaters -, there was no Safety for any one, efpecially for Europeans. Upon this, my Su- periours permitted me to go into a neighbouring Kingdom * called Orixa ; after which I went with three more Fathers to Pondicheny J, the only tole- rable Fortrefs the French poffefs in India, The Butch took it about five Years fince. We have a handfome Church there, of which we are again to take PoffefTion, at the fame time that it is reftored to the French. Here, excellent Father, we Ihall be in the Neigh- bourhood of the MilTion of Madura f , the nobleft, II Priells among the idolatrous Eaft Indians. * Thefe Jefuits in their Travels often give the Name of King- dom to what we call Province. Orixa is in the Bay of Bengal, on this Side the Ganges. % On t&e Coajl of CoToma.nde\. . . . I Ihall add, that it is alfo called Pullkheryy and is one of the prettielt Fortifications in the Eaft Indies. f An inland Kingdom, in the great Peninfula, on this Si(i« the Ganges. TS. jperiour oF lat City. I lut went to more than ')utch. Kingdom, )* almoft all )ply myfelf Language, i in it, that jnter into a we hitherto ge of their I fliould re- hat I might ed, and war, vhen a furi- sen the Ma- afetyfor any [lis, my Sii- eighbouring I went with t only tole- 'ndia. The We have a are again to IS reftored to the Neigh- the nobleft, ^lame of King- Bay of Bengal^ "|, that it is alfo ications in the [, on this Side in TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 5 in my Opinion, in the World. Seven Jefuits, mod of them Portiiguefe^ are employed there. The Peo- ple of Madura havi no Communication with the Europeans^ who, by their riotous Excefles, have corrupted all the Chriftians in India. The Aladti- rans fpend their Lives with the utmoft Sobriety and Frugality, they not concerning themfelves with traf- fic, but are contented with the Food and Raiment which their native Country fupplies them with. The MiflTionaries lead an extremely mortified Life. Their only Drefs is a long Piece of Linnen Cloth wound about their Bodies j and they wear Sandals, which, by their Shape, are exceedingly troublefome. They abflain totally from Bread, Wine, all Sorts of Meat, and even Fifh. They eat nothing but Rice, Pulfe and Herbs, plain, and without Scafoning of any Kind : And 'tis with great Difficulty they get a little Flower to make Wafers with, and Wine for the Mafs. They are not known to be Europeans ; for were the Natives to have the leaft Notion of this, the Fathers would be obliged to quit the Country, fmce it would be impofllble for them to do any good there. Several Motives prompt the Indians to have the Europeans in fo much Horror. Great Cruelties have been committed in their Countries ; they have been Eye-witnefles to the moft fliocking Examples of Vices of every Kind. But that which offends 'em mod is, their feeing the Europeans eat Flefli ; a Practice, according to them, fo very horrid, that they look upon all who make it their Food, as infamous. To this rigorous Life of the Mifllonarles, add their continual Danger of falling into the Hands of Thieves, who are here more numerous than among the Arabs. The Fathers are almofb afraid of keep- ing any Thing under Lock and Key, for fear they fliould be fufpedcd of hoarding up Riches. They are obliged to carry and prefcrvc all their little B 3 Move- msmm£ •■■ i 1', ? '■ II ii 6 TRAVELS 0/ ^fo Jesuits. Moveables in earthen Pots or VcfTcls. They call themfclvcs Bramins^ that is, Divines, come out of the North to teach the Law of rhc true God. Tho' they arc obliged to load a Life of the grcateH Poverty, and require but lit'l'^ Money for their own Support, they yet arc forceo to expend confiderable Sums in maintaining their Catechifts * ; not to mention what is extorted from them by the Natives. They often fuffer Perfecution : And not above four Years fince, one of our mofl: famous and moft holy Millionaries, was beheaded by a Prince of Maravas-f, for preach- ing Chrifl. Laft Year, Father Botivct brought hither a confiderable Number of new MiiTionaries. His Ma- jefty's Squadron likewife brought in a fmall, but well chofen Company, who are defigned for this wide- extended Empire. Thefe are Fathers Fouquet, Pe- lijjan and cC Entrecolle ; and the Brothers Rhodes and Frapene, who are exceedingly well-fkill'd in Phyfic. They are excellent Men, and juftly worthy of la- bouring in fo fine a Vineyard. Father d'Entrecolle was admired for the Zeal and Charity exerted by him on board. Tiie Royal Squadron was afflidled with a grievous Mortality in India, which fwept a- way a great Part of the Crews; I being then with- ii an hundred Leagues of the Port where the Ships put in. The Moment we heard of their Calamity, iTjyfelf, with Father d^EntrecoIle, took Boat in or- der to go and fuccour them. At our Arrival, we found two Chaplains were dead, and that all the Surgeons of the feveral Ships were either dead or * Catechills are Pcrfons who are pcrfciSlly inftruded by the Jc- fuits, in the Myllciies of the ChrilHan Religion; and whom they fend before them into tlie feveral Village'-, to teach the In- habitants what fuch Catechills had loarn'd. 'Vh'iy keep an ex- aft Regilter of thofe who want to be baptized, or to receive the Sacraments ; of fuch as are engaged in Contells, lead bad Lives, f A fmall Kingdom between Madura and the Fifhing Coaft. to cy call out of Tho' 'overty, Support, Hims in :)n what ly often ,rs fincc, Lonaries, preach- lither a His Ma- biit well lis wide- ^uet. Pe- rn des and 1 Phyfic. y of la- Intrecolle erted by afflidled wept a- ?n with- Ships alamity, in or- val, we all the lead or by the Jo- id whom 1 the In- ep an ex- eceive the ad Lives, ng Coaft. to T^hYEhSofthe Jesuits; 7 fick ; fo that we were obliged, during two Months, to fcrv^' as Phyficians, Surgeons, Chaplains, and In- fpe6lors. The Monlbons made it neceflfary for Fa- tlier d^ErJrccolIe to fee out with Father Fotiquet and Brother Fraperie^ whoalfo came (afrer us) to afliftin his Majefl-y's Ships ; fo that I was left almoft alone, for a confiderablc Time, having the Care of above five hundred fick Perfons, fome of whom were in- feded with contagious Diftempers. Two more Je- fuits came afterwards, and fliared in this holy La- bour ; dio' they little expe61:ed to have an Oppor- tunity of doing their Countrymen fuch important Services in this Part of the World. The Hand of God was evidently feen on this Oc- cafion. 'Twas next to a Miracle that we had an Opportunity of faving the King's Ships j I' don't fay all, the Indian, one of the finefl, being cad away on the Coaft of Pegu, where the Crews fell fick. None of the Ships got off fafe, except that which feparated from the red, in order to go and carry Fathers 'Tachard and ds la Breuilk to Merguy, a Town in Siam. So heavy a Calamity fi.rongly af- fected many in the Fleet, and contributed to lead 'em into the Paths of Salvation. The Squadron, tho' it has lofl: one Ship, is now in good Condition. In a few Days we fliall take Poireflion of Pondi- cherry. God grant- I may continue there no longer time than v/ill be fafficient for me to get fome little Infiglu into the Language of the Country, which v^ill be of t\\t greatefi: Advantage to my favourite IVjiiTion at Madura. This Language is quite diffe- rent from that fpoke by the 'Turks, the Perjians, the Moors, and the Inhabitants of Bengal, all which I have already learnt. The Perfian and Moorijh Languages will be of vaft Service to me ; there being a greater Number of Mahctnmedans difperfed up and down the Inland Countries •, and the Portuguefe Tongue will like wife be of Ufe, as it will enable B 4 iTie I '% I !■ ail I'- i'l jiiBniwii' • ' ^')>- ^ -«H» —tf*- I if! :i \n -II 8 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. me to converfe with our Fathers born in that Country. / am, with great RefpeSl, Reverend Father, Tour moft humble and moft obedient Servant, Martin. Father Maud u it, to Father Le Gobi en. Pouleour, in the Eaft Indies, Sept. 29. 1700, Reverend Father, I Had the Confolation to receive two of your Let- ters, the firfl of which I anfwered above a Year lince •, and will now anlwer the fecond fent me from Pondicherry, where his Majefty's Ships have been happily arrived a few Days. I went to Pondicherry, fometime after the Depar- ture of thofe Ships, with the Defign of devoting myfelf intirely to the painful and laborious Miflion of Madura ; and accordingly joined with Father Bouchet, who, for feveral Years, has laboured in it with wonderful Succefs. I fet out from Pondicherry, the 2ifl of September 1699, in order to go to the little Mountain not far from St. Thomas's -\. I went thither with the De- fign of learning the Language perfedly ; and to en- quire after Places where we might fettle our new Miflion, ^c. I continued but two Months there, and afterwards returned to Pondicherry, from whence I went in the Habit of a Sanias \\ to Couttour, where the Miffion of Madura was firll fettled. In \ Othervvife called Meliapour. II A Name given to ths Friars or Religious in India. 1 the TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 9 the Beginning of June 1700, I went towards Can- ahvaron^ a Town to the North of FouJ/chrry, and there immediately btgan my Ipiritual Labours. I mult obferve, that it is abfoUuely neccfiary the IVIifTionarics fliould lead a Life of the grcateit Mor- tification, in order to win over the Heathens, who would fliew no Regard to the Law of the true God, nor to the Preachers of it, were thefe^ to live with lefs Aufterity than their Bramins and Sanias. lam, &c. Mauduit. N. B. Th vext Letter (from Father Dolu to Fai'^cr le Gobicn) ieifig to the fame Purpofe as the former ^ is therefore omitted. Father Bouchet, to Father Le Go:bien. m Reverend Father, Madura, Dec. i. 1700. OUR MiiTion at Aladura is in a more flourifh- 'ing State than ever. Wc have fuffered four violent Perfecutions this Year. One of our Miffio- naries had four of his Teeth beat out ; and I am now at the Prince's Court *, to foliicit for the Li- berty of Father Borghefe, of the Family of Prince Borghefe in Rome \ that Fatlier having been confined forty Days in the Pnfon o^ Richer apali -f-. You have often heard, that the Miffionaries of Madura eat neitlier Meat, Fifh, nor Eggs -, and that they never drink Wine or other ftrong Liquors, but live in wretched Huts covered with Straw, having not fo much as a Bed, a Chair, or Piece of Furniture of a- ny Kind ; and they are forced to take their Food, without either Table, Napkin, Knife, Fork or * The King cr Naique of this Country. The Natives pof^ fefs the Inland Parts ; but the Coaits have been long poffefTed by the Moors, Dutch, Portuguese, &c. Madura is not fruitful, and famous only for the Pearl Filhery, by which the Dutch reap tiie greateft Advantage. f The City in ^^-hich the King 5/ Madura refides. Spoon. "A |i u 10 TRAVELS c/- Spoon. But this is nothing to tlic Sufferings they undergo. / am. Sec, J. V. Bouciiet. .1^ I ■ ' Father DuissE fo the Diredior of the French Mijions ejiahlipded in China, ^c, Re'verend Father^ Surat, Jan, 28. 1701. ISome time fince did myfelf the Honour to write, to inform you of the great Advantages which would accrue to our holy Religion, in cafe a new Miilion was fettled in the Weftern Provinces of the Mogul's Empire. But left you Ihould not have re- ceived the Letters I fent you by Land, I will here give you an Abftrad of what I then wrote. Tho' the Mahommedan Religion is the eftabliflied one in the Great Mogul's Court, and all this Prince's Officers profefs that Religion, neverthelefs moft of the People are Idolaters ; infomuch that there may be two or three hundred Heathens to one Mahomedan, The greatcft Part of thefe People are governed by RajaSy who recognize the Mogul for their Sovereign ; and are upon much the fame Foot, in hdoflan, as the Dukes of Guyemie, Britany and Normandy were for- merly in France. It would be eafy to cftablifli Miflions in the Ter- ritories of thefe feveral Rajas, and gather an abun- dant Harveft. This Country, which extends from the Mouth of the great River Indus, as far as to- wards Cabul, would be, in my Opinion, the fitteft Place to begin that important Work. I have been affured, that in the Mountains which fcparate Perjta from the Mogul's Empire, there were Chriftians who ufed to ftamp, with a hot Iron, the Figure of a Crofs on their Bodies. In all Probability thefe Chriftians \K TRAVELS cfthe Jesuits. ti Chriftians are but nominally fucli ; and are diftin- t^uiflied (as Chridians) from tlic Mahommedans and Heathens, only by that exterior Mark ; yet this might be of Ulc to make them embrace a Religion, which, 'tis very probable, was anciently profefled in their Country. In thefc Mountains are alfo whole Colonics of thole ancient Per/tans called Gavers * in Perjia, and Pcrfces t in Surat, and the Parts adjacent, where great * They are commonly called Caut-es, as in F.nglijh, This Word is originally IL'hreiv, and fignifies, to 'wander ^ to travel, and figuratively, to dc-vinte from the Truth. "i According tn d'llerf't /of, Bihlioth. Orient. Paris 1 697, un- der the Attidc PJRSI, (by which a Per/ee is meant) P.irfi, ivhich froperl^ fign'ifies a Pcilian in general, noiv implies only an ancient Perfian, an Idolater, ivho is a profeffed WorJI?il>l:er of Fire. 'The grcate/i Part of thefe Perfces nvithdrcrjo into India, after Sha Abbas had demolljhid all the ancinit Temples of Fire^ preferred h) them in the Mountain called Alvjnd, Hoi-ve'ver, there is no^v a Sort ofSidmrhs called Ghcbr, or Giiiaour, at Ifpahnn, inhabit- ed by fe-vcral (ftbeje Pcrfces — To this I fliall add, That Men- tion is likcwile trade of thefc Pofest by the famous Pictro della Vallct in his I'iaggi, Part I. Page 42, 43. Roma 1658, ^to : Who tells us, •* i'hat the Natives of Pevfia are of various Kinds; ** and to begin, (fayshc) by thelowcft, theG^K;rx or Heathens; " tiiefo, according to fome, ftill worftiip the Fire, they keepinj' " it in with extreme Care. . . All I fhall now fay of them is, '' that they are the Defcendants of the true ancient Pcrfiau^, *' from the '^i'ime of Alexander the Great ; but being per- " i'ccutcd by various Nations who govern that Country, they *' arc reduced tJ a very fmill Number, and are found only in ** three or four Cities, of whi. h Ifpahnv is one, where they live *' in a fcparatc DiiUid." His Words are thefc. 1 naturali di Pcrfia, fono anche di fill forti ; cioe,per cominciar da gV infimi, i Gauri, oucro Infcdeli j E I'Ogliono alcuniy che infn hoggi adorino a fiioco, Perchc to conlcrunno, e cuflcdijcono con gran diligenza. . >^i n le reliquie de i I'eri Pcrfani antichi, fin d)ld that there is the following DiiHnftion between the Gaures and ihc Perfans. The foraier are ugly, tawny, arid of a difTerent Mein i'li' i ■' !■ ir '1, i(| ! i I ^ '4 12 TRAVELS of tj[)e ]esv ITS. great Numbers of them are fettled. The People in queftion, who fecm to have a Kindneis for us, al- ways Mcin from the Verfians ; they are ail Artificers and marry none but Women of their own Nation and Sed ; whtieas moll of the Perjtatis are born of Gconianst who arc tiie lovcliell Women in •the World. OA-*?;//// likcwife fpeaks of them, 'Tow. II. of his Voyages. But the moft exrenfive, and I believe, the moft au- thentic Account of thefe PerJ'ees, is given by the Reverend Mr. Henry Lord^ Chaplain to the Eafi India Company in Surat. This Book, which is now fcarce, was printed at Z^o;?6/««, fearing that he would de- prive him of his Dominions, fent certain Perfons to deftroy Zertooji ; but thefe failing in their Defign, Zertoofi's Parents, ac his Requeft, retired to Perfia, where they all arrived fafe in the Reign of Gujlafph above mentioned j his Parents applying them- felves to Bufinefs, in order to fupport themfelves, and Zeitocji to the Service of God and Religion. The latter going one Day into the Fields, and reflecting on the Wicked nefs of Men, con- fidered that it was partly owing to the Evil Arts of Lucifer^ and partly to the want Men were in of wholefome Laws.^ Zer- tooji travelling on, and befeeching God to favour him wiih fome Revelation, an Angel came and wafted him into God's Prefcnce, where the Book of the Law was delivered to him ; he firll fee- ing, in a Vifion, the State of all Things, pall, prefent, and to come .; and after receiving the heavenly Firealfo, which he held in his Right Hand, the Angel brought him back again to the Earth. Zertooji was tlien met by Lucifer^ who tempted him, but to no Purpofe. The former then proceeded to the City, where King Gujlafph had his Refidence, where he was received with the utmoit. Joy by his Parents, to whom he related all he had met with ; and thefe Particulars coming to the Monarch's Ear, ^ i •■J/il 14 TRAVELS cfd^e Jesuits. flrongly fullicited by the Sop/ji within thcfe two or three Years, to tuin AlahomecLinSy they earnelUy befoijght Ear, he r*.nt for him, and lecimp almnft ,1 I'rof* lytc to lii<) new Kchgion. Hut now the Chief I'm.-ll, atr.iid th it this Innovation wouUl lofo liiui the Kiti^'/; l\iv()iir, conlpiifd aj^ainll '/.ertooji^ who thtrtup'jii ua^j thrown ituo I'riion. However, liis Inno- cence beiii;/, iU'tcrwardii dilcoverj, he was let at Liberty, and re- llored to (/.vy/.v/M's Fav( ur, who then became hi:; Convert. The liook which Ciod diduercd t'> '/.-rio'ijl conhlU-d of three Trads, the (irll ticatin^^ ot" judicial Allrolitiv, ti.e Iccond of Phylic, or the natur.il Caulls or'l'hing-^, and the tlurd, (called Zcrtoofl^ from tlicir [,e^v'1''t'^i) contained all the Precepts fi'latin^ to Re- liir.ion. 'Die Ufeol the \s the Laity, or Beliedm, hv fecular Occafions had lefs Op- portunity of devoting themselves to Religion, God gavj only five Comman.'in.'nts to liiem. T'iie liril advifes their having al- ways Shame before their Eyes ; the fecond, Fear; the third, to conddci whether the Aiftion t'ney are going to commit be good or bad ; the f urth tliat every Creature ihey firli: lee in the Morn- ing he ni. dj a Monitor to ih.ni ; that in Praying, in the Morning tlity turn their Faces to the Sun, and, at Nioht, to- wards the Moon. To the Clergy, (called Daroo or lierhood) be- long the eleven Precept- follownig ; they being obliged alio to obl'erve llridly the five diredr'd to the Laity. I. To know in what Manner to pray to CJod, 11. 7'o keep their Eyes from coveting other Men's Good: . II L To take Care always to fpeak Truth. IV. To confine tliemfelvcs wholly to their own JJufi- nefs. V. To learn the Z7/;/ar(7(7 fpeaks thus : *' This our Brother, whilll hj lived, con- ** filled ®f the four Elements j now he is dead, let each take his ** own, Eaith to Earth, Air to Air, Water to Water, and Fir'; ** to Fire." ' They then pray, that the Devils may not be per- .■nitted to annoy their deceafed Brother, when he Ihall repair to •he holy Fire to purge himfelf ; they fuppofing that the Soul vanders upon Earth ibr three 'Days, and afterwards is rewarded or [arvefl is ; but to gather luld eitlier it, or fpit t burning, was in this ), as they '^ith refpeiil Name, the rhe Child re the Da- cleanle it 1 is carried ifls him in ves him a dhere ikd- i confirm'd Is or Claf- think that in the next rhe Parties 3on a Bed, the other ire defirous ffirmative, mblem of and en- rwards for the Bride's leir Dead, , fecondly, nd Tombs and, aboat )mbs is for : Wicked, me within him in an /el to Fire) ilchre, tlie ived, con- h take iiis and Fill ot be per- l repair to the S( ul rewarded or I I TRAVELS of the ]esvits: 17 gather it in, two Things are wanting, firft a Set of learned and virtuous MifTionaries 5 and fecondly, a Fund fufficient for their Maintenance. The Per- fons who Ihall be employed in this new Miffion, niuft not only be inflamed with the brighteft Zeal, and infpired by the pureft Virtue ; but they alfo muft be endued with fuch Abilities as may enable them to root out the Errors which have fo long pre- vailed among this People, and to infpire 'em with a high Idea of our Religion. If thefe Impreflions are, in the Beginning, ftrong and lively -, and fuitable, in Ibme Meafure, to the Sublimity of our Myfteries, I am perfuaded it will never be erazed, but fecure the Salvation of that People. On the contrary, if the ImprefTion be flight and fuperfici'J, their Faith and their Religion will be the fame j by which Means little or nothing will be done. We may juftly hope the mod happy EfFeds with regard to the Chriftian Religion, when once the ipacious Country of Indoftan fhall be divided between the Children of Aurengzebe^ who has fo long fway'd the Sceptre. *Tis not doubted but thefe Princes will countenance the Mifllonaries, and proteft 'em openly in all the Provinces ; efpecially if they fhould b'^ fettled there at Aurengzehe\ Death. Prince Sha^ km *, his eldeft Son, has always fhown great Kind- nefs or punifhcd, and goes to Heaven or Hell. For this Reafon, they aflemble during three Days together, at Morning, Noon and Evening, to deprecate all Evils from the Deceafed ; and then making a Feftival on the fourth Day the Mourning ends. As this Subjedl is very curious ; and as Mr. Lord's Freatife. upon it is fcarce, and a faithful Epitome of it is given here, 'tis prefumed the learned Reader will not be difpleafedwith it. Ac- cording to Dr. Hydt, in his Hijioria religionis njeterum Per far um, lais F:re-Worlliip was the third State of" the Religion of the anci- ent Perjians ; He adds, that they, when in its firft Eftate, worfhip- iped the true God only; and, in the lecond, Stars and Idols. I * He is called Cha Jlem, in EngVJh. The famous Jurengzeh* [left tiireeSuns at his Death, Cha j^lem, Azem Dara, and Chan, " Hf, »n rm !!ii; ■!1, 5i[ i^ b if ' *"ii *! ' .I'l ; . •i: '1} 18 T R A V E L S ^ /i^ Jesuits. nefs to fuch of our Portugueze Fathers as refide in Agra, He even invited lately to Cahul^ where he now is, at the Head of a confiderable Army, Fa* ther Magallensj formerly a Miffionary at Delly and it^gra ; and has ordered the Governors and Officers in the feveral Places through which the Father in queftion will pafs, to furnilh him with the NecefTa- ries requifite for his Journey. 'Tis thought that the Motive of his inviting him to his Court isj for him to fupcrintend the Chriftians who are in his Service. lanty &c. DiussE. Father Pelissqn, to Father "De la Chaize^ Confejfor to his Majejly, Mofl reverend Father^ Canton, Dec. 9. 1700. THE Emperor of Chinas not only gave the French Jefuits a Houle within his Palace, but granted them, fomc Time after, a large Piece of Ground adjoining to their Houfe, for them to build a Church upon \ he himfelf promifing to contribute towards the Work. The 26th oi January 1700, Father Gerbillon going to the Palace, defired the chief Eunuch of the Bed-chamber to inform the Em- peror, that the Jefuits were preparing to raife a Church on the Spot allotted by his Majefty j for which Reafon they humbly befought him, to re- member the Promife he had been pleafed to make, of contributing towards it % an Honour they fhould for ever remember. The Emperor not only grant* cd this and other Favours, but likewife commanded one of the Mandarins of his Palace to fuperintend Bttxt who all fought for the Empire after their Father*s Deceafe, which happened March /^^ 1708. After various Battles, this Cha Alemt who ftil*d hxmkiii Badoiir Cha, got Pofleflion of the whole £mpirein 1708. tlic 1 ... me 4 ^ ktu ■ « 0., tiV' H '( H i6q s. J refide in where he Lrmy, Fa* Delly and d OfHcera Father in e NecefTa- )ught that )urt isj for are in his )IUSSE. Chaize, :. 9. 1700. ' gave the Palace, but e Piece of m to build contribute TRAVELS ^/^^ Jesuits. 19 the Edifice ; to fhow the whole Court, that his Ma- jefty had the Intereft of this Church at Heart. 'Tis now aJmoft finifhed. "When the Emperor was pe- titioned by the Fathers for LiCave to build it, he anfwered. That as the raifing a Church to the true God was a holy Thing, he therefore was refolved to contribute to it, in honour to their Religion and their Perfonsj and would give Orders for furnifliing tht feveral Materials necdla»7. In one of the Vifits which the Jefuits made in a Body, to the Emperor at Peking^ he gave each of thtm two Pieces of Silk, and Silver to tht Value of two hundred and fifty Livres. We have now three Houfes in the above- mentioned City. A cruel Perfecution broke out, this Year, - in i* Cochin-China. Here follows an Extract of the Re- lation of it, written by ¥2it\itx .John Ant horn Arnedo^ Ti S^anijh Jefuit. His Letter is dated from Sinoa *, tl:'^ .pital of that Kingdom ||, July 31, 1700. '^ hiS Perfecution broke out the 14th of May 1698. The King, who is but young, and extreme- \y fuperfticious, is wholly devoted to the Chineze i Bonzes^ or Idol-Priefts, whom he invited into hia [Kingdom. He has two Uncles •, and thefe he con- fults on all Occafions. One of them, who has the greateft Afcendent over him, is a profefled Enemy to our Religion. Several of our Churches were pul- lied down 5 and the Perfecution would probably have I raged ftili more, had not a furious Storm made t A JC^'ngdom between Tonqutn and Siam. * I believe 'tis called in Englijh, Sinuva* 11 The Natives call it /fnamt or the Weft Countr}% it lying to jt'ie Weit of Chitia. The Cocki-.-Cbineze are faid to refemble [the Chineze in Stature, P'eature and Complexion, but wear their [Hair long J and they eat and drink like the Tonquineze. The [King's Court is kept in the Province of Sinwva, on the Frontiers )t 7onquh. What fome JeCuits fay, with regard to this People's Excelling in Arts and Sciences, and particularly their great Skill \n Gunnery, is, I believe, nqt to be much depended upon. C 2 dread Ril !l 'i-l-JSB I ■■'I i ?i ;«." 20 T R A V E L S ^/i5^ Jesuits. dreadful Havock, and obliged the Idolaters to em* ploy themfclves wholly in repairing the Damages caufedby it : Not to mention that I then foretold an Eclipf- in fuch a Manner as feem'd to pleafe the Court; upon which I was left in Pofleflion of my Church and the Miflionaries met with gentle Treatment. The Royal Year (every twelfth) came about foon after. As the People are allowed, during that Year, a very great Liberty, the Chriftians enjoyed it in common with them ; fo that we then performed the feveral Exerciies of our Religion in as publick a Man- ner as we had done before the Perfecution. In the Beginning of 1 700, feme Thieves, or rather fome E- nemies to the Chriftians, in Hopes of bringing them into Trouble, pull'd down and broke to Pieces the Idols difperied about the Countries. The King ac- cufed the Chriftians of this A6lion, not doubting but they were really the Authors of it. He was told, at the fame Time, that our Churches were very much crowded on Ajh-W ednefday •, whereupon he gave Orders to maflTacreall the Chriftians the firft Time they fhould aflcmble ; but I hearing of this the fixth of March^ prevented their Meeting. There were then five European Miflionaries in that City. The 12th of March the Idolaters came, drm'd, into our Churches, feized our Servants, plundered our Houfes of every Thing they could lay Hands on, and confined the feveral Miflionaries to their Churches. Four of them at that Time in the City, were carried to the State-Prifons ; and the X Conga was put about the Necks of three. I myfelf being feized, was fet at Liberty the next Day, as being a Mathematician. The 17th, the Prince's Edift was publifhed, commanding all the Chriftian Churches in the King- dom to be pull'd down. It likewife enadled, that X The Conpra is an Iiftiument made of two very heavy Boards, cut circular in the Middle ; and, being joined, faften the Neck in. the I ii ;rs to emt I TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 21 the feveral Books relating to our Religion fhould be burnt, and all the Milfionaries feiz'd ; that thofe who had embraced the Chriftian Faith, fhouli re- turn to the edablifhed Religion of the Co ii:/-, and that, as a Teftimony of Obedience, all r^cri'uiis in general, both Chriftians and Idolaters, Mon uid Women, young and old, (hould trample under Foot the Image of our Saviour, the principal one we fet up on the Altar in our Cliuiclies, m Si^ht of the whole Congregation. This Order was im- mediately executed in the Palace, in the Hojfes of the Mandarins *, and in the Streets and Places of publick Refort in this City. We had the Grief to fee the blefled Image trodden under Foot by many unworthy Chriftians 5 whilft others hid themfelves to prevent their being forced to it ; but a third Sort generoufly refufing to comply with the King's Orders, received the Crown of Martyrdom. Moft of the holy Books were burnt that Day -, but all were reftored, with feveral others, which were thought to belong to me ; the Idolaters faying, that thofe Books might be of Service in the Mathema- ticks. By this means I fav'd a Mafs-Book, and the Life of Chrift reprefented in Copper- Plates, which is of great Ufe, in order to give this igno- rant People an Idea of our Saviour's Miracles. The King had commanded, that whatever belonged to the Chriftians, fhould be given as Plunder to the Soldiers •, fuch Things excepted as we look'd upon as holy, which he ordered to be brought to him. Many Relicks(fomebcingintire Bones) amongother Things, were carried to him ; when taking 'em in his Hands, and (bowing 'em to his Courtiers •, to, fays he, Horn impious the Chrijliansare! TheydonU evenjcruple to take the Bones of the Deadoul of their Graves, a Circumjianc^ * Poffibly by this may be meant their Courtiers or great Mea. The Jefuic may call 'em fo, as this People refemble the Chi- ««^ in many Things, and perhaps in their Government ,^r C ^ which II » '■W i , 1-^1 ;, 22 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. which imfi furely ftrike every Man with Horror. But this is not all ; for having pounded Vw, they put *em into Drinks^ or make a Kind of Bread with Vw, which they give to the People \ and thereby bewitch them to fuch a Degree^ that they run blindly after them^ and embrace their Bc^rine. The King perceiving that this Difcourfe animated the whole Court with Fury againil U5?, ordered the Bones in queflion to be brought into the Place of publick Refort j and bid the People be told the Ufes which (he faid) we put 'cm to. Hence all the MifTionaries conclude, that 'tis not yet a fit Time to expofe fuch Things in this Country j nor to fet 'em before the People, in or- der to draw their Veneration, left, as the Gofpel fays, this fhould be calling Pearls before Swine. Three Women of Dillinftion being brought be- fore the King, he gave Orders that they fhould be baflinadoed, fhaved, and the Tips of their Ears and Fingers cut off; and all fuch of his male Sub- jects as refufcd to obey, he fentenced to die, and moft of them of Hunger. The Prifoners were confined in a Hut, enclofcd with thick Stakes, co- ver*d with Branches of Trees, eight Foot long, and fix wide. After they were dead, their Bodies were tore to Pieces and call into the River, by the Mo- narch's Order, to prevent the Remains of them from being piefcrved. The 20th of A% the Chi- neze VcfTels arrived, bringing the MifTionaries their fmall Pcnfions from Canton. The Mandarins did all that lay in their Power to difcover whether fome Supply was not brought the Fathers *, but the Chi- vr.zc Captain playM his Part fo well, that he eluded ?il\ their Vigilance, and put into my Hands whatever had been delivti ■ to him for me, which has been of no little Serv'. to all the imprifoned Chriftians. Four of our brethren are Itill confined j but I my- feif live in a iiftle Garden which was given me, landing ne;;r the Palace. As I bear the Title of Ma- TRAVELS^ /y&^ Jesuits. 23 Miithcmutician, I am allowed to go freely whltherw foevcr I pleafe ; to vifit the Prifoners, and fay Mafs every Day. Several of the Miflionarics have con- cealed themfelves in the IQands, or in the Moun* tains Such, Reverend Father, is an Extract of Fatlier //^cJc's Relation. lam^ &c. Pe LISSOM. %l FcitherVAVL Cla. , jf(? F^/for Thyr.Gon* ZA^EZ, General of the j ejuits. Relating to the Difcovery of thirty two IJlands to the South of the Ladrone Iflands, Reverend Father^ Manila, June 10. 1697. AFtcr the fetting Sail of the Ship, on board of which I fent the Letters I wrote to you, an* other Veffel arrived, and brought an Order for me to accompany the Reverend Father Antonio Fuccio^ a Sicilian^ tlr. new Provincial of this Province. la making the Yifitation of our Houfes with him, I went over Los Pintados -f. Thefe are large Iflands. fcparated from one another by feveral Arms of th^ Sea i the Ebbing and Flowing of which makes * According to Dampier, *tisa Cuftom here* and in theneighr touring Countries, for the Natives to bring their Women on board, and offer 'em to the jailors. Our Eafi India Company eredted a Fort in the Ifland of Condorey in the Neighbourhood of Cochin-China^ but did not keep PoiTeilion of it above two or three Years ; the Settlement being deftroyed by the Natives in 1703, and many of the Englijh murdered in their Beds. Tho beft Account we have had concerning Cochin-China, is from our Country njen fince their fatal Settlement in Condore. There are feveral of thefe Iflands (all of them being fmall) lying together,, and they are called Pulo Ccndore^ or the Iflands of Condore. f Part of the Phitippinesy fo called, from the Inhabitants paint« ing themfelves, of whom many are found to this Day, They are the /*/ is inferted in the Philo- fophical Tranfadlions *, they appear to lie in the Eaftern Sea?, almoll in Form of a Crefcent or great Arch : But this Map feems to be rather drawn by the Strength of Imagination, than any certain Difcoveries that can be depended on ; for he tells us, it was not made by Europeans^ none having ever failed that Way |( ; but fome of the iflanders, who were call afliore (( <( «< << on * I am to obferve, that there are three more Relations con- cerning thefe Iflands, which will be given in the Sequel of this Work. Ij Mr Salmon fccms to have read this Account only in the Phi- lofophical 'i'ranfadions (which I myfelf have not by me) and not in the Original, written by Father Clain^ and publifhed by Fa- ther Ic Gobien. It being there obfcrvcd, that one of thefe Iflands was difcovered in 1(86, by a PbUlppine^hx^', and that it is cal- led by fome Caroline Ifland, and ^t. Baniabas^s\{[^r\d by others. And iikewife, that this Ifland was fcen by another Ship in 1696. 'J he Reader will meet with thefe Particulars, about the Middle o{ the prefcnt Letter of Father Claui. ous. In hriflians, ne Jefuit our Bro- hers cal- no Cor- rhis new in Man- In i\ are called Paes. :urious and " a Place in troduced in I doubt con- agine, that eliifhed a la mong other efully, *tis ands. Mr. jntitled Mo- 1 4/0, makes efe Iflands, ;y Father k the Philo- aftern Sea?, this Map lation, than for he tells ever failed caft afhore on <( itions con- uel of this in the Phi- ic) and not ed by Fa- efe Iflands at it is cal- by others. Ship in about the TRAVELS o//A^ Jesuits. 25 In the Courfe of our Vifitation, as was obferved above, " on the 'Philippines^ ranged fomc little Stones upon a Table, «* in fuch a Manner as thefe Iflands are laid down in his Map ; •' but as he has made 'em to extend from two Degrees South La- *• titude to feventeen North, and as far Ball and Welt, I do not fee how it is poflible illiterate People, who are perftftly igno- rant of the Mathematicks, and the Frame of the Globe, ihould be able to defcril e the Situation of them. There is this farther Objection againll the Account given of thefe Iflands, thatinfome Inltances it contradidls itfelf : For we are told in one Part of it, thtt thefe Iflanders had been driven feventy Days before the Wind *, when they were caft afliore on the Philippines ; which, at a hundred Miles a Day (and this is «* but moderate failing with a brisk Ga'e) mull make 'em feventy hundred Miles diftant from the Old Philippines ; and yet it is faid the People of the Philippines can fee the Smoke, of their Fires from their Coafts ; from whence, either we muft con- clude that thefe Iflands are net fo far from the Old Philippines , as is pretended, or that thofe People have a much better Eye- fight than the Inhabitants on this Side the Globe ; not that I would infer from hence, that this Relation is to be intirely difcredited, or that there are no Lands or Iflands to the £aft> ward of the Philippines. Probably there are many that are not yet difcovered, or will be fome hundred Years hence ; but I think the Spaniards have been a little too hafty in defcribing their Situation and Extent, before they have ever been vifued by any one Man who is capable of giving a Defcription of them." From thefe laft Words of Mr. Salmon^ one wou*d con- clude, that he had never perufed the XI. Volume of the Lett res edijiantes * The Original fays, Ih 'voguerent ainjt au gre des njents fen- dantfoixantet^ dix jours t i.e. " They were thus carried along •' (at the Mercy of the Winds) during feventy Days ; " which might mean, that they were drove backwards and forwards, and confequently, Mr. Salmon^ Objeftion would not take Place. But as Father /(? Clain fays, that they came direftly from the Eaft Welt ward, and that le Golbn obferves in the fecond Relation of this Difcovery (in the Dedication of the VI. Volume, to the Je- fuits of France t that, le. i"! ■ fi r \ 32 TRAVELS £f//5^ Jesuits. more or lefs Lines drawn on their Bodies; but there are none on thofe of the Women or Children. There are nineteen Men, and ten Women, of dif- ferent Ages. The Turn and Colour of their Faces differ but little from thofe of the Inhabitants of the Philippines. The Drefs wore by the Men confifts only of a Sort of Girdle which covers their Loins and Thighs, and is wound feveral Times round the Body. Over their Shoulders is upwards of an Ell and a half of coarfe Linnen, forming a Kind of Cowl or Hood, which is tied before, and hangs carelefly behind. Both Men and Women are dref- fed after the fame Manner, except that the Piece of Linnen the latter wear is a little longer \ it de- fcending from the Waifte to the Knee. Their Language differs from that of the Inhabi- tants of the Philippines y and even the Ladrones^ but their Pronunciation is very much like Arabic. The Woman who appears to be the moft confiderable Perfon among them, wears feveral Rings, and many Necklaces made of Tortoifc-fhell, called here Caree \ but thofe of the others are of a Subflance unknown to us, which refembles Ambergreafe, and is not tranfparent. Here follows the Manner how thefe People fub- fifted themfelves, during the feventy Days they were out at Sea, exposM to the Fury of the Winds. They us*d to throw into the Ocean a Sort of Bow- net, made of feveral Branches of Trees tied toge- ther *. A large Aperture was left in the Net, for the Fifli to enter in at ; and it terminated in a Point, to prevent their getting back again. The Fiili they took in this Manner was their only Food •, and they had no Drink but what Heaven fent them in Rain, which they us'd to catch in Cocoa Shells, in the Shape, and of the famfe Size with a human Scull. * This mud be a Kind of Wicker- Basket. There TRAVELS of the ]esvits. 33 There are no Cows in their Iflands. Thefe Strangers ran away when ever they met with any Grazing ; as theyalfo did at the Barking of a Jittle Dog, kept in ih: Hoiife of the MiiFionaries : nor have they Cats, Deer, Horfes, or Qjadrupeds of any Kind i and very few Birds but fuch as live up- on the Sja, Hens excepted, which they feed upon, but never touch the Eggs. However, notwithflanding this Penury, they are merry, and contented with their Lot. They have Songs and Dances, which are regular enough. They all fing together, and make the fame Geftures, which forms a Spe^lacle that is no ways unplcafmg. They expreffed a Surprize when thc^y were told the Form of Government, the Politenefs, and Cu- ftoms that prevail in Europe^ of which they had no Knowledge. They admire not only the auguft Ma- jelly of the Ceremonies, employed by the Church in celebrating divine Service j but alfo the Mufic, the Inftruments and Dances of the Spaniards *, their Weapons, and above all, Gun-Powder. They like- wife admired the Whitenefs of the Europeans^ them-' felves being of a tawny Complexion, as are all the Inhabitants of that Country. We don't yet find that they have any Knowledge of the Deity, nor that they worfliip Idols *, they ieeming to lead a Life intirely barbarous, and hav- ing no other Care but to procure themfelves Food. They difcover a great Ven^;ation for their King, and the Chiefs of their feveral Hamlets, to whom they pay all imaginable Obedience. They have no Hated Hours for Meals ; but eat and drink at any Hour, or in any Place, when they have an Appe- tite, and wherewithal to fatisfy it : Bat they never eat much at a Time, and always in fo little a Quan- tity as is not fufEcient to ferve for the Day. The Manner of fhowing their Civility and Re- rpe(ft was, to take the Hand or Foot of the Perfon D whom ¥: ■*1. : ' m. it I! \ ■ 1 ■Jit, li \ I' •^u.'' . i -11$ 34 TRAVELS 5/^/*^ Jesuits. whom they intended to honour, and to rub their Face gently with it. Among their fmall Utenfils were fome Saws, not made of Iron, but of a large Shell, called here Tacloh, which they fharpen by rub- bing them againft certain Stones. They alfo had an Iron one, of only a Finger's Length. They were greatly furprized, on occafion of a Trading Veflel which was building in Guiguan^ to fee the Multitude of Carpenters Tools employed about her 5 and view- ed *em, one after another, with Admiration. Their Country produces no Metals *. The Father Milli- onary having given each of them a pretty thick Piece of Iron, they difcovered more Joy at receiving this Prefent, than if it had been fo much Gold ; and were fo fearful of its being ftole, that they laid it under their Heads whenever they went to fleep. Their only Weapons are Lances, or Arrows made of human Bones. They are naturally of a very peaceable Temper f ; and whenever there happens a Quarrel among them, it ends with a few Blows oa the Head with their Fifts ; yet even this happens but feldom ; for the Inftant any of them are going to fight they are parted, and an End is put to the Fray. However, they are neither heavy nor ftupid ; but on the contrary have a great Deal of Fire and Vivacity. They are not fo lufty as the Inhabitants of the Ladrone Idands ; but are well fhap'd and a- bout the Size of the People of the Philippines. The Men and Women let their Hiir grow, and it falls upon their Shoulders. Thefe Strangers being told that they were to ap- pear before the Father MiiFionary, they painted their Bodies all over with a certain yellow Colour, which they think adds a great Beauty to their Perfons. un* * How then did they get the Iron Saw above mentioned, lefs by fome Vefftl being call: away on their Coalt ? f 'J'his does not agree with what we are told of thefe Pahoi in Somera's Journal concerning them. They ino-t, ever, the I in th at di' they ■ whicl back veren very will b as ma thefe of Lci cicus fend I fices. TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 35 they are fo delighted with finding here all Things neceflary for Life, that they have offered to return to their native Country, in order to invite their Countrymen hither, and to perfuade them to traffic with the Inhabitants of thelc Illands. Our Gover- nour is very well pleafcd widithis Defign •, he hoping that it may give him an Opportunity of bringing this Country in Subjedion to the King of Spaw^ which would be of great Advantage to the Propa- gation of the Gofpel. The oldeft of thefe Foreign- ers had been caft before on the Coaft of the Pro- vince of Caguyan *, in one of our IQands ; but hap- pening to meet with none but Heathens, who inha- bit the Mountains and along thefe Dcfart Coads, he returned to his native Country H, without know- ing the Wealth and Fertility of thefe Iflands. How- ever, he was more fortunate in his fecond Voyage, the Infants being baptized, and the reft inftrudted in the Myfteries of our Religion. They are ikilful at diving ; and I am told that they lately took, as they v/ere Fifhing, two great Pearls in their Shells, which they, not knowing the Value of 'em, threw back into the Sea. I write all thefe Particulars (Re- verend Father) from a Perfuafion that you'll be very well pleafed to hear of a Tranfa6lion, which will be of great Advantage to fu :h of your Children as may have the Happintfi to carry the Faith into thefe ncv/ly difcovered Countries. We are in wane of Labourers, where the Vineyard is fo very fpa- cicus i and therefore hope you'll be fo kind as to fend us fome, and not forget us in your holy Sacri- fices. / am^ "julth the -nicjl prof oi^' fid Refpecf^ &c. Paul Clain", * Til's is in MvHia^.ao. one of the Philippines. i A Qi^ajje might bem-ds how hi: go: bick. D 2 N. B. Ths m ^! VI f':;'i'^ fi >K I 36 TRAVELSef the Jesuits. N. B. 7he next Lett-er * from Father Francis Lainez, Supe- riour of the Mifflon of Msi^WTH, {dated there ihe lOth of Febm- ary, 1-693) / > Hedges, i ' It I I! 'i' I \\ f ■ ! { (i.i !'i • m 'v ! M'ii , 'i- hi > V ■ n 38 TRAVELS of the Jesuits." We left the Cape of Good- Hope, after three Months failing, the loth of Jw;;^ 1698. We Ihould have finifhed above half our Courle, had we been fo for- tunate as to enter the Strcights of Stinda. Such as ?ire acquainteil with thcfe Seas, know that the Paf- fage from the Cape to Batavia generally takes. about two Months. This might have been the more ea- fily done, as we advanced very fwiftly in our Courfe, till wc came in about ninety Degrees of Longitude. 'Twas then thought Time to advance in Latitude, which we accordingly did fo efFedually, that being come the 21ft of July in about fix Ekgrees and an half of Latitude, which is pretty nearly that of Java, we were in Hopes of fpying Land. Neverthelefs, advancing ftill forward, we found ourfelves the 26th of July, in four Degrees and a Half, without per- ceiving any Shore «, and *tvvas not till the 31ft that we faw the liland o^ Sumatra •, but as to the Streights of Sunda, we had gone upwards of fixty Leagues beyond them, and there was no Poflibility of our re- turning back. Our Pilots mull have been moft e- gregioufly miftaken in the Longitude. We there- fore were very much at a Lofs to know how we Ihould get to China that Year *, but finding no hu- man Afliftance could avail us, we addrefled ourfelves to Heaven, and to St. Francis Xavier, in order that we might reach the wifti'd for Port that Year. Hedges, which are fo high and tufted, that the Plants, l^c. fuf- fer but little from the Storms which come from the neighbour- jng Ocean ; thefe Hedges forming alfo a moft grateful Shade in Summer. Here lilcewife is a noble Grove of Chefnut-Trce?, which keep off the blulhing Winds, and are impenetrable b/ the Sun-Beam ';. Among ether curious Fruits that grow there, are the Crimfon 'J a fan Apples, which appear exceedingly agreeable to the Eye, wiien Iccn among the green Leaves. Likewife the Pijang Fig?, which p:row on aPiant that dies the Inftant the Fruit is ripe ; and a new Flint nioot> irovcx the fame Root the next Year. I'lic la'l Fruit 1 ihail nicnricn, is the Indian Guavos, of The Size of a Cr b Apple, and round. This Fruit is very whoie- k)a;s 2nd fxq'iif.ie to the V-A\\.t. We ^ ^1 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 39 We had already begun the Devotion or Office of the ten Fridays^ in honour of that great Saint +, to which we added a Vow, whereby we bound ourfelves either to take the Communion ii: the firft Port of China we fhould come to that Year ; or to raife a Contribution to build, in the Idand of Sanchan^ a little Chapel over the Grave of that Apoftle, in or- der to fhelter it from the Rain, and to make it fit and convenient for celebrating Mafs. Refledling afterwards on our Misfortune, we were of Opinion, that to have prevented our pafTing be- yond the Streights of Sunda, we ought, at our leav- ing the Cape, when we found the Winds blow werterly, to have run diredlly in I^ongitude, till a- bout the Hundredth Degree ; whereas we even in the Ninetieth began to rife in Latitude ; or to tell the plain Truth, we did not know for a long Time where we were, tho' we thought otherwife. Should Mariners mi flake as grofly as we did, in the Efti- mation of the longitudes, they will certainly run as much out of their Courfe as we did, and perhaps more. We did not reach Jcben till the i^th of Augufi, For above three Weeks we were forced to fubmit to all the Inconveniencies which are found under the Equinoflial, fuch as Calms, Heats, Rain, and bad Aliments ; thefe fpoiling and corrupting under the Line, which at the fame time, gives a new Miflio- nary an Opportunity of fuffering for Chrift. How- ever, we all continued in very good Health, the Creator being fo indulgent as not to leave us without Confolation j and perfeAly convincing us, that as all Things are ordained by him, nothing could be- fal us but what muft be highly for our Advantage. f St. Francis Xavier preached the Gofpel ten Years in In- dia, in Commemoration of which, fome Prayers or Devotions are offered up ten Fridays fucceffively, in honour of that Saint ; he dying in the Wand oiSanchan, on Friday the 2d December 1592. D 4 Every "I' \4 '[ iV iii » -i •P Hi 40 TRAVELS of the Jesuits.* Every Objf^6t we behold in t y^chen is (o fingular in its Kind, that I have frequently lamentct'. my being iinfkillM in defi^yning, otherwife I fhoiild have prefented you widia Draught df what I can defcribe but very imperfecftly in Words *. The great Power of the People of /fr/Y« formerly, is well known, as is evident iVom the Life of Sr. Fnincis Xavier •, but I believe the prel'ent State of this Kingdom is very little fb, or it'^ Capital City. I poflibly may mifiip- ply Terms, in giving the Name of Capital to a con- fusM Aflemblage cfHoules and Trees. Figure to yourfelf ,t Forell of Cocoa Trees, Bam- bou, Ananas, and Bananas, through which runs a coniiderable River cover*d with Boats. Interlperfe this Foreft with a numberlefs Multitude of Houfes made with Canes, Reeds, and Barks of Trees ♦, and difpofe thefe in fuch a Manner, that they may fomc- times form Streets, and at other Times feparate Di- ftri(5ts. Intermix thefe feveral Diftrids with Mea- dows and Groves, and people every Part of this large Forelt with as great a Number of Inhabitants as are feen in our populous Cities, and you then will form a pretty juft Idea of the City of Achen -f', and be * The Father has given fo beautiful a Defcriptior , in Words, of this Town, as well as of the famous Garden of the Dutch, at the Cape of Go:d Hope, that it more tiian compenfates for his want of Skill in Drawing. ;J; This is the chief C'uy in the Ifland oi Sumatra , which was the firrt Country the Englljh traded to in the EaJ} Imfies^ 'v'z. in 1602, under (^ecn E/iza6e!/j, when Captain Latirajler (who had the chief Command of the Fleet, confiding of four Ships, car- ried Letters from the Queen to the King o[ Ji/jen, and concluded ai) Alliance, and fettUd Articles of Commtrcc between that Prince and her Majeily oi En^Inntl. This Letter is finely drawn up, and worthy the noblell Pens o!" that A^.e This Treaty has been of great Benefit to England, no Europeatis, till feme late Mifunderliandings, being fo kindly treated in yJchcn as they. Captain Lancajier afterwards lettled a Trade in Bantam, where he left Faftors alfo for carrying on a Trade to the Moluccas. f This City is htuatcd in a I'iain, fu lound-.'d with Woods and ^ h! tc L X > fingular ted my lid have defcribe t Power own, as er y but is very f mifiip- o a con- ^s, Bam- \\ runs a terfperfe Houfcs es *, and ay Ibmc- irate Di- th Mea- of this habitants then will f, and be [in Words, Dutch, at ;s for his Ivhich was [-J, ^.'z. in (who had Ihips, car- Iconcluded /een that ;Iy drawn 'reaty has tome late as they. h, where \ccas. Ill Woods and TRAVELS of the Jv.sv ITS, 41 be obliged to confefs, that a City in this new Tafte may be a pleafing Spcvftacle to Foreigners. Ahen is inhabited by People of all Nations, every one of which has its peculiar Dillridt and Church. I'jiat of the Portugueze^ who arc poor and tew in Num- ber, is under the Care of a Francifian. I'his Father has a very hard Tafk, and very little Coniblaiion to expeft from Man in his Labours. The Port of Achen is adminil^ly well fituatcd. The Anchoring is very good, ai. J the whole Coad vaiUy healthy. The Port is a larL;e B.ilon, bound- ed on one Side by the Main-land of Sumatra ; and# on the others, by two or three Iflands, througlv which are PaflTages, one going towards Malacca^ another to Bengal^ and a third to Sural. People who come into the Road cannot difcover the lead Signs of a City, the tall Tre^s which rile from the Shore hiding all the Houfes ; but, to pafs over the l^ndlkip, which is vaftly beautiful, nothing can be more agreeable than to lee, in the Morning a pro- and Fcnr, about a Mile and a half from the Sea. In the Centre of the City ftands the King's Palace. The Country round .'.bout Jchc7i is interfperfed \^ith Rivulets, Moors, and valily thick Woods of Cane ;>r Bambou. The City conftlls of feven or eight Thcu and Houfes, all which are very flight, they being made only of fplit Cane, or Bambou and Palmeto Leaves. The Natives o( Ziehen 2iXe mo^\y Mahommcdans ', fo that a gret Number of Mofques built with Srnne, and rocf'd with Tiles, are feen about the City. Several Foreigners inhabit it, as EngUJh, Dutch ^ Danes, Portugueze, Ciu'i:>arats and Chinese, the lalt being the moit numerous, and carrying on the greateft I'rade there. For- mei ly the Enolijh had a Faw- he fmall ity Piece o Pieces d mak- Kind of from [cs them TRAVELS of the Jesuit? 43 To enter the River, we muft go a confiderable Way about, becaufc of a great Sand-bank, made where the River empties itfelf into the Sea. Wc then fail for near a Mile between two little Groves of Cocoa and other Trees, whofe Verdure is perpe- tual, and which were planted by the fole Hand of Nature. Through thefe Trees we begin to difcover, in fome little Meafurc, the above mentioned City. It at fufl appeared to me like the Landfkips invented by Painters or Poets, when they exhibit to us, in one View, the moll delightful Images of the rural • Scene ; every Thing here is carelefs and natural, ru- ral, and even of a wild Caft. I could not get any certain Information, with regard to the prefent State of the Government of that Kingdom *. Mention is ftill fometimes made of a Queen of Achen ; but I am of Opinion, 'tis all aJFidtion •, only, that if there be really one, fhe en- joys no more than the Shadow of Sovereignty. Four or five of the principal Oran CayaSy or great Lords, divide the Government, which is not very confider- able, among themfelves. The People of j^chen don't make a great Figure at prefent. Their Coun- try produces neither Wheat nor Vines ; they trade chiefly in Pepper and Gold f. The Inhabitants are * ,We ire told that the Ifland of Sumatra was formerly divided into a p .at Number of petty Kingdoms, molt of which, when the Europeans firlt vifited this Country, were united under the King oi Achen ; the King of Bantam claiming fome Territories which lay nearefl to the Ifland of Java. Writers differ very much as to the Forms of Government ufed in Sumatra. *Tis not improbable that, in the Kingdom of Achen^ both Sexes fuc- ceed indifferently lo the Crown, and that it may be a mix'd Mo- narchy. I'he King o^ Ac hen, and fome other Monarchs in that Jdand call themfelves Sultans, who alfo are often call'd PangU' rntis. The Europeans are not acquainted with the Highlanders or Mountaineers of Sumatra, who are fuppofed to be defcended from the Chineze, and are Heathens. ■\ Good Samphire is alfo found here, with the Bezoar Stone. not ; t lit 31 : ;l ;* f| ,1 : ' lar^ !ii I 44 TRAVELS oftbej^^xjiif. not obliged to open the Earth, or dig into its Bow- els, to iearch for that precious Metal ; they fintiing; it in fmall Pieces, on the Declivity of Hills, in Gut- ters or Cavities, whither it is carried by the Wa- ters, The Gold of Achm is thought to be the pureft in the World. No Paflage is fo difficult and troublefome as tint of she Streights oi Malacca. We had like to have fiifFcred fliipwreck twice in it. We entered thefe Streights the 23d o^ Augufi^ and did not get quite cLar of thein till the 20th of September -, fo that we were twenty nine Days in making two hundred and twenty Lcctgues ; which is much longer Tin'>e than it would have taken up by Land, We were for ever employed in ceding and weighing An- chor ; and to add to our Misfortune, we had only 3 wretched Poriugueze Pilot, who being very dim- (ighted, did not know where he was, the Intlanthe had Joft Sight of Land. Our French Pilots have learnt this Courfe to their Cort ; and have had an Opportunity of drawing Ch.irts much more corredb than any yet publiflicd of it. At the Clofe of this Letter, I fhaii point out the Courfe which muft be taken, in order to pafs with Safety through thefe Streights, and thofe of Gobernadour. The City o^ Malacca is about ar^ hundred and fifty Leagues from Achen ^ and the fune Beauties arc found in both Cities. Wc here icQ Abundance of Verdure, and varbus rural Landfkips ; but the Houfes are better built than in the lall mentioned City. A greater Concourfe of Strangers is it^^n m Malacca, a more confiderable Trade is carried on there, and *tis vifitcd by a much greater Number of Europeans : And tho' all Things here have a lefs ne- gligent Air than in Achen, yet Nature is not con- c:cal(.'f l^an- kin, and the reft of the Jefuits Uving in t e Green JJl^md. The Gree?i IJland is fo called, from t'.ie great Number of Trees with which it abound ., and its very pleafant Situation ; as well as becaufe all the Places round it are naked, and like fo many De- farts. It ftands pretty near the Wall which fepa- rates the City of Macao from the reft of the Ifland. *Tis as the Country-feat of the Portugueze Jefuits. The Chapel is very neat ; and the Houfe is an a- f^rceable Building. But the Ci^'cumftances which contribute to make this Place vaftly pleafant, are the grateful Shade, and the Cool which prevails in it. Father Ciceri was come hither to retire during fome Days. This Solitude feems perfedly fuitable to a Perfon of an apoftolical Frame of Mind, who defires, hk^^MoJes, to confult the Lord ; and to ga- ther new Strength, that he may be the better en*, d to convert the Heathens. But 'tis high Time that I conckjde our Voyage, and land in Canton. We caft Anchor, very happily, three Leagues from that great City, on Sunday the 2d of Ncvem- Icr. The Courle from Macao to the Moorings, is difficuk j cfpccially for a Ship like ours, which drew above ievcntcen Foot of Water \ and if Fa- ther Bouz'ct had not brought the two ableft Pilots in tiic whole Cnjutry, we poftibly fliould never have arrived •om tlie great TRAVELS of ff^e Jesuits. 55 arrived thither. When Foreigners are once entered the River of Canton, they then begin to form an Idea of China, On each Side of this River are large Fields of Rice, as green as the moll beautiful Mea- dows, which ftretch quite out of Sight, and are di- vided by a vaft Number of fmail Canals i fo that the Boats which are frequently feen moving up and down at a Diftance, whilft the Water on which they go is hid from us, feem to run upon the Grafs. Higher up in the Country, we perceive the Tops of the little Hills crown'd with Trees, and cut along the Vallies, like the Theatre f the Garden of the ^builleries-f. This whole Con is interfpers'd with fuch a Number of Villages, an which have a fweet- ly-rural Afped:, and is To happily diverfified, that the Spectator is for ever employed on the charming Scene, and regrets his being obliged to leave it fo foon. At laft we had the good Fortune to enter Canton, in the Night between the (ixth and feventh of November, eight Months after our Departure from France. "We live in a Kind of Hotel, or pub- lick Manfion, at the Emperor's Expence. Father Bouvei has procured fuch another for Mr. de la Roqiie and the French Officers. The Chineze call thele Houfes Cong-Koen^ and they ferve only for thq Refidence of the Court-Envoys. The City of Canton is larger than Paris, and a- bounds with as many, or more Inhabitants *. The Streets are narrow, and pav'd with large Stones, which are flat and very hard ; but fome Farts of the City are unpav'd. Chairs, which are here hir'd for a fmall Matter, fupply very well the Want of Coaches ; and thefe could not be made Ufeof in Canton. The Houfes are very low, and there are f How beautiful a Painter is our Jefuit in all his Defcriptions f * A Gentleman of my Acquaintance, who refided fome Years at Cantortf affured me, that he is perfuaded the Father does not exaggerate on this Occafton, Canton being exceedingly populous, as well as the Country round it. M' 4 Shops IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. 1.0 ^1^ 1^ 1.1 ?r«^ m iu 11.6 •>^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 \ iV ■1>^ ■'< I* H I, h n Ell :f mff m I 56 TR AVELS ?/'//&^ Jesuits." Shops in mod of them. The fined Streets are ve- ry much like thofe of St. Germain*s Fair. Every Part of Canton fwarms with almoft as many People as arc feen at this Fair, at the Time when it is very full J fo that it is difficult to pafs for the Crowd. Very few Women appear -, and moft of the People who throng the Streets, are poor Wretches loaded with Burthens, there being no other Carriage for all Goods bought and fold, than Men's Shoulders, Moft of thefe Porters go bareheaded and bare- footed. Some of them wear a furprizingly-wide Straw Hat, made in a whimfical Figure, to keep off the Rain and the Sun. All 1 have here faid, gives us, methinks the Idea of a City in a new Form, and very unlike Paris, Tho* we were to confider the Houfes only, how muft Foreigners be furprized to furvey whole Streets, where not a fingle Win- dow is feen 5 but the whole compos'd of Shops, moft of them poor, and frequently Ihut only with Hurdles of Bambou, by Way of Doors? In a "Word, at Canton are pretty large Openings or Squares, and triumphal Arches, which are mag- nificent enough in the Chinefe Tafte. Such as come from the Country.^ or pafs from the old City to the new, muft go under a great Number of Gates. A Angular Circumftance is, at the End of every Street are Gates, which are fhut a little later than thofe of the City ; and for this Reafon, every Per- fon is obliged to get home aflbon as it grows dark. This prevents a Multitude of Inconveniencies •, and by that Means, all Things are as calm and fecure in the greateft Cities during the Night, as tho* the whole confided but of one private Family *. The * Canton is the chief City of ^amtung^ the mod fouthern Province of China. ' Tis faid to be the btit Port in China, and to furpafs all the Cities of JJia in Idol Temples, Courts, Pa- Japes, ^"f. (lere being thirteen jplendid triumphal Arches be- tween the Water-gate and the Ciry. I'owaids the Water^fide are two ^ ■*3V- TRAVELS o/*/*^ Jesuits. 57 The Houfes of the Mandarins have fomething which furprize a Foreigner. A great Number of Courts are crofs'd before we arrive at the Place where thefe great Men give Audience, and receive their Friends. Whenever they go abroad they are attended by a majeftic Retinue. The Song-too -[-, for Inftance, a Mandarin who commands over two Provinces, never goes out without a hundred Men, at leaft. This Train, however, is far from being troublefome ; every Man knowing his Poft. Piart of his Attendants march before him with various Badges or Symbols, and are cloathed in very parti- cular Dreffes. A great Number of Soldiers attend, two lofty Walls, and two flrong Caftles; and, towards the Land, a ftrong Wall, and feveral CalUes. Mr. Loclyir informs us, that the Shops of thofe who deal in Silks are very neat, make a line Show, and ftand moft of them together, in one of the beft Parts of tlie City, Tradefmen of the fame Profeffion herding together. In Summer, their Windows are made of Cane or Rattan, and in Winter of Oyfter- (hells cut Diamond-fa- fhion, and fet in Wooden Frames, and give but a dull Light. They have Charcoal Fires in the Middle of their publick Rooms during the Winter, and Pans of Charcoal in their Chambers, which almoft fuffocate an European. The Walls of their Houfes are covered with thin white Paper. In moft Streets is a Market, where all Kind of Provifions are fold cheap. Fiftimongers keep their Fifh alive in Cillerns. The Chinefe eat any Kind of Meat ; Beafts that died in Ditches, as willingly as thofe which died by the Butcher's Hand. They eat Frogs, which appear loath- fome to an European Eye, but are well-tafted. 'Tis faid their Rats don't eatamifs; and that Snake-Broth is in Reputation there. The common People are great Gluttons, and eat four Times a Day, they cramming down the Rice (their principal Food) fo greedily with their Chopiticks, that they frequently almoft choak themfelves. They are great Lovers of Tobacco, but fmoak it when dry, and in very fmall Bowls. In the Streets are a great Number of blind Beggars, whofe Misfortune fome afcribe to their eating fo much Rice ; but others are of a difterent Opinion. The Chineze in Winter carry a live Quail in their Hands to warm 'em, by Way of Muff. Moft Things are fold by Weight among the Chineze^ whom many accufe of being great Cheats in Traffick, if not narrowly watch'd. f 'Tis written in Frtncb, Tjhng-tou. and ! ^1 A'' • ■^»? 58 TRAVELS o/aejESVirs. and fomctimes go on Foot. The Mandarin h m the Centre of his Retinue, feated on high, in a very large and handfomely gilt * Chair, which fix or ciriit Men carry on their Shoulders. A Proceflion ofthis Kind often takes up a whole Street. Tht Populace draw up on each Side of it, and wait fefpedtfully till the whole Train is pafled by. There are a very great Number of Bonzes, or i- dolatrous Priefts here. There being no Country where Satan has counterfeited more exadly the fa- cred Form in ^hich God is worfhipped in the true Church. Thefe Priefts of the infernal Spirit wear long Gowns defcending to their Heels, with vaftly wide Sleeves, which exaflly refemble thofe of fome Friars in Europe. They live together in their Pagods, like as in fo many Monaftries. They beg in the. Streets, rife in the Night to worfliip their Idols, fing alternately, in a Manner which is not far un- like our Pfalmody. Neverthelefs, they are greatly delpifed by all Perfons of Senfe and Virtue, be- caufe, Ibite of this fpecious Appearance of Sanctity, their different Syftems of Religion (all which are ridiculous) are well known, as well as the diffolute Lives which mod of them lead. Nor are they much more efteemed by the Populace, whofe chief Care is to procure themfelves Food ; and the whole of whofe Religion confifts of as many whimfical Superftitions as every Man may think proper to form to himfelf. I forgot to obferve, that there is a Kind of float- ing City on the River of Canton J, where the Boats are contiguous, one to another, and in the Form of Streets. Every Boat contains a whole Family, and is difpofed like regularly built Houfes, into Apart- ments neceffary for various domeflic Ufes. The • A Palafiqnitt. Her Grace the Dutchefs of Budiagham has a fine one, which was brousjht from China. S ' ris called the River Tu. common v has mon TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 59 common People, who inhabit this floating Kind of Barracks, come out from them in a Body, early in the Morning, cither to go a filhing, or to work at the Rice, which is here Ibw'd and reap'd thrice eve- ry Year. As to Peking^ we learn by the Letters which Father Bouvet received from that City at his Ar- rival in Canton^ that the Emperor was never in bet- ter Health, never more glorious, nor more the Ad- miration of his Subjedls. He went, not long fince, in Perfon to JVeftern ^artary^ at the Head of a nu- merous Army. He fpread Terror five hundred Leagues round him, and defeated the only Enemy left in his two Empires. He fets open his Maga- zines of Rice, and fends it as far as Corea *. The People think themfelves happy in living in the Reign of fo accompliihed a Sovereign 5 but the Circumftance which gives us the greateft Joy is, his ihowing daily more and more Favour to the Chriftian Religion. He declares that 'tis the true Law i is overjoyed to hear that fome Perfbns of great Figure embrace it : and who knows but that the Time is approaching, when God will be fo gra- cious, as to caufe the Emperor himfelf to profefs it ? St. Lewis fcnt, anciently, a fplcndid Embaffy to the Emperor of Cathiry -, now, there never was no other Cathay butC^/»rf,as all the Learned of this Age agree. The Defign of this religious King was, to induce that Emperor of China to embrace the Chriftian Religion. O that Providence would give us the SatisfadUon to fee compleated, by the great- eft and moft glorious of the Succeflbrs-j- of St. Lewis, what that Monarch fozealoufly defired to have done ! In fine, the Emperor confides in the French Jcfuits as much as ever. *Tis univerfally allowed, that Fa- * J Kingdom beti/ieen China and Japan, tributary to the Em" furor of China, -f- I'his is fpoke of Lenxis XIV. thcr ii 3'?'f I'Kj ? Bit n 60 TRAVELS of die Jesuits. ther Gerbillon is the Support of our Religion in this Empire. Father Vifdelou^ who is perfedtly well- fkiird in the Mathematicks, and in the Chineze Sciences, is gone, by the Emperor's Command, in- to fome Provinces, to ftop the Inundation of the Rivers, which Jaid wafte the whole Country. Fa- ther de Fontan^y came lad Year, by the Emperor's Command to Canton^ to enquire after Father Bou- vet^ and to receive him in cale of his Arrival. This Monarch expedts him with Impatience ; fo that we could not pofTibly have come at a more fortunate Jundure. We likewife are inform'd, that four of the oldeft and worthielt Miflionaries died, after having fpent their whole Lives in that labori- ous Miffion, and won over a prodigious Number of Souls to God. Thefe are Fathers Pr^^^r Intorcetta^ Adrian Grelon^ John Valat^ and Dominic Gabiani. 'Tis now above fifty Years fince Father Valat left France » I am told that he went by Land, and got to China in a Year. 'Tis abfolutely neceflfary that we make up for thefe great LofTcs. I daily befeech the Almighty to infpire a confiderable Number of our Brethren with a Defire of croITmg the Seas, in order to fliare with us in Toils which may be fo glorious and fruitful. Tho' Heaven fhould indulge us a Life as long as that of Father Valat ^ and the reft of the Miffionaries whom we lately loft, we yet fhould die before we had vifited half the Cities of this Empire *, and confequently (hould leave a great Number of Idolaters unbaptized. The fpeedier and more numerous thefe Succours may be, the more Religion will flourifti ; not only, bccaufe a great many Miflionaries may effed what cannot polTibly be compafs*d by a kfs Number \ but likewife becaule the fureft Way of converting, in a (hort Time, a whole Country, is to win over, at firft, in a confpicuous Manner, a confiderable Part of its Inhabitants. This excites in others a Curio- fity the yet of creat TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 6r fity to enquire what it was that could occafion fo futidcn a Change ; and when once a People arc made acquainted with the Chrilli.in Religion, they are much more inclin'd to embrace it. Wc fhall never ceaie recommending to you, very reverend Father, a Dcfign lb worthy of your Zeal and Attention. The Motives to it, are, the Caufe of God, and the Need we (land in, for his Glory, of a Protection like yours. I am with the utmoft Refpedl, Moft reverend Father ^ I'ourSy &c. De Pre ma re. 7he Courfe for "poffrng the Streights of Malacca and Gobernadour. From the Point of Achen^ we muft coaft along the Ifland of Sumatra to the Cape of Diamonds^ that is, to the Diftance of about forty five Leagues. All this Coaft ftands pretty high, the Shores are lin'd with green, and the Bottom is good from fe- ven to fourteen and fifteen Fathoms ; and Care muft: be taken not to go above two Leagues from Land. At the Cape of Diamonds we fteer South and by Eaft, and foon difcover the Iftand of Polverere, which is very high and woody. It may be feen twenty Leagues off, and ftands but about twenty five from the Cape of Diamonds. 'Tis uninhabited, and the whole Ifland is not above a Quarter of a League in Circumference. There is good anchoring here. A League or two from Polverere^ we fteer Eaft ward, towards Polijara, another fmall Ifland at eighteen Leagues Diftance, it refembling the former very much, and in clear Weather, the one may be feen from the other. Polijara is on the Indian Side ; and we need not go nearer it than to about the Diftance of eight or nine Leagues ; but we muft fteer between thefe two Iflands, in order to get into the true Channel, When we are at this Diftance from Po- lijaray 62 TRAVELS o/'/fo Jesuits. Ifjaray wc fee, on one Side, the LulinH Coaft ftand- ing low, and borderM with Trees ; and, on the o- ther we lofe Sight of the Shores of Sumatra, Wc then muft bear a^^ ^ South-eafl: and by Eaft-, turning a little towards the South-eaft-, in order to fail diTft6i\y between two Banks of Sand, which wc are obliged to pafs. It were better to go through the narrow Channel Eaftward, and the neareft to Malacca-, the broad Channel Weft ward being too far from Land. We foon difcover the Mountain of Porcelar, on the Indian Side ; but in order to fail as fecurely as pofTiblc, we alfo muft fteer towards the Iflands y^ros^ which lie full Weft : We then may be aflured that we arc right in our Courfe, and muft bear away South-eaft and by Eaft, in order to reach the Indian Coaft, and caft An- chor before Malacca. In this Streight, the Land- winds commonly blew in the Night Time, and at Noon the Sea-winds fprung up. Almoft every Night we had pretty hard Gales, with Flafhcs of Lightning by Intervals ; and the Currents ran North-weft and South-eaft. We caft Anchor two or three Times every twenty four Hours ; and were obliged to fend out the Long-boat every Moment, to take the Soundings, for fear we ihould go out of our Courfe. After having feen the Iflands Aros^ we bear away in order to come in Sight of Rochade Cape, on the Indian Side ; and this Cape remains at the Eaft. Finally, we compleat the Certainty of our Courfe, by a very fharp-pointcd Rock, on which neither Mofs, nor any Kind of Verdure grow ; and this Rock remains Eaft South-eaft from Rocbade Cape. Then failing South and by Eaft, we, in a few Hours, by Help of the Tide, caft Anchor a full League from Malacca ; and from thence we begin to get Sight again of the Coaft of Sumatra, The tl a Ue TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 63 The Couft of Malacca Hands low, and is covered with Cocoa and Palm Trees, which hide the City, Nothing is feen here but fomc Houfes pretty like thofe of Achen^ which ftretch above half a IJ^ague along the Sea-fhore. The Citadel appears black. Several Centinels (white Men) ftand on the Ram- parts i and within, is an Eminence, and the Ruins of a Steeple, which feems to join to a white Houfe. Thefe are the ObjeAs that firft ftrike the Eye, and thereby Malacca is known. Thofe whoobferve the above Diredtions, cannot miftake in their Couric. Departing from Malacca^ we bear away. South and by Eaft, as far as the Streights of Gobernadour 5 and there is not any Danger for the firft forty Leagues. When there is no Poflibility of going againft Tide> we muft caft Anchor twice or thrice every Day. la our Courfe, we meet to the Right, with the Iflands Mariacai ; and there alfo are fome IHands to the Left, but thefe have no Name. To get into the Streights of Gobernadour^ we muft firft iail North- ward, leaving t\\tStxt\^tsoi Sincaporuio the Right. There the Sea is every where full of Iflands ; the Currents are very rapid, the Tide vaftly ftrong, and fometimes continues twelve Hours. At our En- trance into thefe Streights, we perceive an Ifland on which arc three Trees, that appear at ii Diftance^ like three Mafts of Ships. 'Tis called the ifland of Sandy and is feen a League off. It may be a Qiiar- ter of a League long, and an hundred Paces broad. 'Tis almoft level with the Sea. We muft leave it 10 the Right, and come into fixtecn Fathoms Wa~ ter. We then bear Eaftward, and meet with an- other little Ifland, all of Sand, in which {w^n or eight vaftly high Trees, at a Diftance from one an- other, are feen. This is called the Square Ifland, whence we fee St. John's Ifland, ftill to the Right ; and the laft mentioned is about four or five lieagues in Circumference. If we fliould find but five Fa- thom I \' : ■ f C: n.: i P'r^ 6+ TRAVELS oftbejEsvim. thorn Water, we then mufl bear away Eaft North* caft ; but if we have Sea-room, and can meet with no Bottom, we mufl ftcer full Eaft, taking Care not to advance too near the Iflands lying on the Left. We thence difcover the Mountain of Ibor^ and are oflF that little Kingdom. Finally, continuing this Courfe Eaflward, we come to CsLpeRomanca, We then bear away Eaft South-eafl, and Eaft and by South ; then leaving this Cape Northward, we fteer Eaft South-eaft, to get Sight of the fVbifg Stones^ an Aflemblage of Iflands lying pretty much to Seaward. Aflbon as we fpy thefe, we muft bear away Eaft for fome Time ; then Eaft North-eaft j and laftly, North-eaft, and North-eaft and by North, to enter the Gulph of SiaWy and from thence into the great Sea of China, ThcStreightsof (/jhn:e>tt, that cf the Sn-vord, ofFtre, and of the Crofs \ and nfje lave been Eye-n.vitneJJes to the great Miracles ivhich Father Cyprian has performed to confirm this Tru.h. However, not only two Month?, but two Years pall (as ti.ere would even two Thou- fand) and not one of thele leiuits loll their Lives ; nor did any of 'em go to y«/««. Tis certain, however, that Father C)/i/7. an had prepar'd to go into that Empire in two Months ; and, for this Purpofc, had ient two Jefuits to a Defart lilund, to build a Vcflel, in order to convey him into the Empire in queftion ; cf which the inhabitants of the City hearing, they gave Orders for dellroying the V cfltrl in quellion. However, Father Cyprian ad- vifed the Ferfons who were to evecute this CommilTion, to for- bear, declaring that Fire would fall from Heaven on thofe who jhould make any fuch Attempt. He partly fpoke Truth and partly Falfliood, there being Fire employed, but not }rom Hea- ven ; and this Fire did not confume the Men, but Theib burnt the Ship. By tnis Means, his whole Dehgn was difcoVvied ; and the Inquilitcrs being fully informed of his Revelations, lijs Fiophecies and Iinpoftures, conunandi-d that he fhould be fent back into Lidia. Anthony Cardm, a Jefuit, was appointed to convey him rhithcr ; but as himf If and FatlierCi/>;v^« had luck'd the fame Milk, and the fame i^odnne, he permitted him to take Keluge among the Moors, where he ended his Lie as ^ ioufly as he had begu:. and continued it till that rime. La Morale pra* t'yjuedes Jrfuite:^ Vol. 1. />.7^. 253. i^ in. fafe /. tion to Enfign ty, and le fitted rovincc )rite to ilidtion. Jg with ivey us the Hairs ;onfirmed md pious him pri- l fend for me) ivi/I ree Kinds cfs ; and h Father not only o Thou- did any er Cypri- IS ; and, to build lion J cf rders for rian ad- tj for- ole who uth and )m Hea- ^ burnt oVv-ied ; ons, his be lent nted to d iuck'd to take oufly as Mc pra- TK AY Eh S of the Jesuits. 69 fafe to the Mouth of the River Canton, which we intended to go up. In our PaSage from Sanchan to ^anbay^ we met three Gallies, which had been arm'd againfl cenain Pirates of little Force, who fcour thofe Seas, and were commanded by a Chineze Officer, who knew me immediately, he having feen me five Years be- fore in Canton. This Officer would make me go on board his Galley *, and he himfelf condufled us to the Sepulchre of St. Francis Xavier, which had been often vifited by him, it being venerated in all Parts of the Ifland. We caft Anchor almoll within Mufket-fhot of that facred Spot ; and after being got affiore, and having teftified the Reverence we bear to that holy Apoftle, by feveral Bows and Proftrations, both in the Chineze and European Manner, we fung fe Detim, to thank that great Saint for the Frotedbi- on he had obtained for us, from Heaven, during the whole Voyage i and afterwards offered up feve- ral other Prayers, together and apart, in a Strain of Devotion fuitable to the Sandlity of the Place. This Solemnity concluded with a triple S.dvo of all our Boxes, Pattereroes and fmall Arms on board our Pin- nace, accompanied with Acclamations of. Long live the King. The Order and Regularity with which the whole Ceremony was performed, under the pru- dent Diredlion of Mr. de Beatdieu^ delighted the Chineze, who were Spedbatorsof it, and at the fame Time, gave them a very favourable Opinion cf our Nation. My Companions, to whom I had pointed out the Spot where was the Sepulchre of the holy Apollle, before I myfelf vifited it, fired with a lacred Im- patience to go and otfer up their Devotions pKere in Pcrfon, would not (lay till I had an Opportunity of giving them more certain Advice concerning it, but climb'd up a high Mountain, drefsM in their fa- ccrdotal Veftments, ^c. After a fwift March of feve- F 3 ral b MMH III ' ilHI; ■ lil; Ihi';' - I*- 1 1 ■,'*!i- . 70 TRAVELS I?/" //j^ Jesuits. ral Hours through pathlefs and craggy SolItudc5, they arrived, ahnoft out of Breath, at the wifh*d for Place. They pafs'd the Night there in Prayer, with fome other Perfons, who had accompanied them. The next Morning they celebrated eight Maffes fucceffively, in that pious Frame of Mindj. which is found fcarce any where but on fuch Occa- fions. As all of us had taken the mod exafl Notice of the Situation of the Place, one of our firft Djfigns, when we were all met, was to agree upon the Form and Dimenfions of the little Chapel, which the fc- veral Paflengers, and the whole Crew on board the Anipbitriie^ had made a folemn Vow to build, two Months before, in Memory of the Apoftle of the Eaft ; in cafe tht.t great Saint fliould prevail with Heaven, to permit us to arrive fafe that Year in China, as had accordingly happened. The Chineze Officer who had conducted me to the Sepulchre of St. Francis Xavier, accompanied me afterwards to ^ttanbay. He immediately in* formed the commanding Officer of the Town, to whom he was fubordinate, of my Return from £«' rope, and the Motive of my waiting upon him, This Mandarin, who had feen me feveral Times in CantoHy and knew me, commanded the Officer of the Galiies in my Prefence, to fend for the ablefl Pilot in ^anhay ; and then condud, with his Gal- lies and our Pinnace, our Ship towards Macao. With regard to myfelf, the fame Honours were paid me on fhore (by his Order) as arc indulg'd the Kin- chat, or Emperour's Envoys -, as they likewife were by all the Mandarins whom I met wit'^ in the Way, guitc up to Canton, the Capital of tiie Pro- vince of that Name. I had determined two Days before to vifit this City, that I might fend fpeedy Advice to Court of our Arrival, and procure frefli Succours for the Ampbitriu. Daring )olitudc5, le wifliM Prayer, jmpanied :ed eight )f Mindjj :h Occa- Notice of D-Tigns, he Form :h the fe- board the uJd, two le of the vail with Year in d me to impanied ately in* rown, to from Eih pon him, Times \x\ Dfficer of ;hc ableft his Gal- Macao. >ur3 were ulg*d the hkewife x\ in the tae Pro- two Days id fpeedy ure frefli During ^KPiVELSof the Jesuits. 71 During the three Days which I was obliged to flay there, to receive and return the Vifits of all the General Officers of the Province, who came to con- gratulate .me upon my happy and fpeedy Arrival ; I prevailed with the Viceroy, and the chief Officer of the Cuftoms, to permit the Amphitrite to go quite up the River ; and with this Diftindion, that it {hould not be fearch'd or gaug'd by the Cuftom- houfe Officers, nor pay any Duties, not even thofe of gauging and anchoring, which his Chinezs Maje- fty requires from all Ships *. I afterwards went on board a little Veflel which the Viceroy had order'd out ; and having two excel- lent Chineze Pilots, I made all the Hade poffiblc back to the Amphitrite^ to inform, the Ship's Com- pany of the good News. I imagined I Ihould find her at the Mouth of the River, and failM as far as the Ifland of Sanchan^ paffing twice before our Saint's Tomb ; but I needed not have gone fo far ; for whilft I was failing between thefe Iflands, the Ship, which had put to Sea, came and call Anchor in Sight of the City of Macao^ where I found her at my Return. Chevalier de la Roque^ and the reft of the Officers of the Ship, were overjoyed at the good News I brought them ; they being perfuaded, by the Honours which the Chinezey and particularly the Mandarins, paid me againft my Will, that they fhould meet with a kind Reception. For this Rea- fon, they immediately went up the River, and the two Pilots whom I had brought with me, conduced the Ship within two Leagues of the Walls of the City oi Canton^ and caft Anchor there. During this Interval, I went to that great City, in order to get Ixave for our fick Men to go affiore in the neighbouring Village, where we were to land. I * Poflibly the Jefuit may enlarge a little heie, in the great Regard which he lays was fhown to a Veliel of tlie fwah Na- tion. F 4 luckily M 72 UK AVELS of the Jesuits. luckily met with the Song-too^ a Mandarin whofe Authority is equal to that of the Viceroy, but with this Difference, that the Song- too pre fides over two Provinces, and the Viceroy only over one. Being intimately acquainted with this Mandarin, I pre- vailed with him, and with the Viceroy, to let Che- valier de la Roque^ and the other Officers have a Cong-koen or publick Ho'iel, wherein lodge fiich Perfons of Qiiality and Mandarins as are fent with Honour into the Provinces. With regard to my- felf, I lodged at the fame Cong-koen in which I re- fided when I fet fail from China to France •, and was treated in much the fame Manner as before. When we came to Canton^ the Emperor was in Eajiern Tartary ; but immediately upon his Arrival in Peking, he ordered three Kin-chai or Envoys to ride poll and receive me ; thefe Envoys were. Father Vifdelou, a French Jefuit, Father Suarez, a Portu- gueze Jefuit, and a Mancbew-Tartar *, whofe Name was Hencama, Principal of a Tribunal belonging to the Emperor's Palace. Upon their Arrival they told us, in Prefence of the Viceroy, the Commander of the Militia, and all the other Mandarins or General Officers of the Province, that the Emperor was glad my Compa- nions and I were returned fafe : That his Majeity had ordered that I (hould take five of them with me to Court ; and that the reft had full Liberty to go and preach the Law of the Lord in all Parts of his Empire; that the Amphitrite (which had brought me from France) Ihould be free of all Duties of Gauging and Anchorage : That he granted the Merchants who came on board that Ship, the Leave they had fued for, to hire a Houfe in Canton, and fettle a Trade there. Finally, that he was pleafed * Thelitcle Nation of the MattcJbeaus {or Manrhivs) in Eaflern Tartary^ have mnde themfflves famous, within thefe hundred Years, by the Con^ueft of Clxina. with TRAVELS of tie ]?.suns. 73 with the Favour which had been fhown the French ; nnd required, that henceforward they fhould be treated with dill greater Honour and Diftindion. Some Days after, the three Envoys defired all my Companions, with myfelf, to meet in our Houfe at Canton, in order that he might acquaint us with the Emperor's Commands. Being come thither, Hencama, in Prefence of the other two Envoys, told us, as from his Chineze Majefty, that the Thing on which his Sover4f;,n fet the higheft Value was Virtue ; and, next to this. Learning, and Skill in the Arts ; that he had fent me into France, there to feck for Companions poffefs'd of thofe Qualities ; and was highly fatisfied, as I had faithfully dif- charged the Order which had been given me for that Purpofe : he declared farther, that the Emperor would keep five of my Companions in his Service ; and that the other fix might go and refide in any Part of his Empire, and preach the Chriftian Reli- gion. The Envoys having done fpeaking, our Miffio- naries drew up in two Lines, and prollrated them- felves nine Times, after the Chineze Manner, to thank the Emperor for his Goodnefs. This was done before a Multitude of People, who went im- mediately and told all that had paflTcd •, a Circum- flance which gained the Milfionaries great Credit in Canton. In the mean time, the Viceroy and the reft of the Mandarins, in Compliance with the Orders deliver- ed to us by the Envoys, and to fhow our Officers ftill greater Fi\vour, refolved to invite them to a fplendid Banquet, and to exempt all their Goods on board from Duties of every Kind, a Sum amount- ing to near ten thoufand Crowns -, but they infifted, that we fliould firft perform a Ceremonial of Thanks to the Emperor, for freeing us from the Duties of I Anchorage and Gauging. As It ' li I 74 TR A VELS ^/^'/y^^? Jesuits. As this Sort of returning Thanks is performed after the Chineze Manner, that is, by Proftrations and other Ceremonies which feem to imply Sub- mifTion and Homage •, Father Vifdelou and I repre- fented, that as the Captain of the Ship, whofe Bu- fmels it was to perform the Ceremony in queftion, was an Officer ilibjed to the greateft and moft pow- erful Monarch of the wide-extended Weft, who re- ceived Homage, without paying any, he therefore could not perform it after the Chineze Faftiion. The Mandarins, who were defirous of doing honour to the French^ fo far from having Thoughts of dif- gufting them, replied, that 'twas enough if it was done in fuch a Way as might be honourable to both Nations-, that is, partly after the Fr^wfy??, and partly after the Chineze Manner ; and for this Purpofe, they themfelves propofed that Chevalier de la Roque, turning himfelf towards Peking^ fhould hearken to the Words exprefled in the Imperial Order (which the Viceroy, Handing up on one Side, (hould read to him) concerning the Exemption from the Duties ; and that the Chevalier Ihould liften to them refpedl- fully, or on his Knees, with his Hat on. That he then fhould make a Bow after the French Fafhion by Way of Thanks * ; otherwife, that he might attend to the Order with his Hat off, and his Body bowed, but without kneeling on the Ground, and then make a Bow after the French Manner. The Chevalier de la Roqiie approving the laft Wav of thanking the Emperour, he accordingly performed the Ceremony in fo noble a Manner, as rais'd in the Viceroy, and the reft of the Mandarins who were prefent at it, an Efteem for his Perfctfi and tor that of his Countrymen f. The Chineze * Wjiat a Fufs was here made about a Trifle ! •f- I don't doubt but many of my Readers will fmile at the Foppery of this Defer iption. One would take the Chevalier to be a PoRurc-M-ifter, rathei than a S.a-Ofiiccr. afterwards rformed [Irations ly Sub- [ repre- ofe Bu- iieftion, ►ft pow- who re- herefore n. The honour s of dif- f it was to both d partly Purpofe, a RoquCy irken to (which lid read Duties ; refpedl- he then 3y Way tend to bowed, d then the laft rdingly iner, as ndarins Perfcfcti Chineze le at the ■evalicr to trvvards TR A V E L S o/*//^^ Jesuits. 75 afterwards gave an Entertainment to the Chevalier and all his Officers, who, on this Occafion, took Precedency of the feveral General Officers of the Province. I fay on this Occafion ; for in another Entertainment of Ceremony that was given them, as by Order of the Court, and in which the Vice- roy was feared in the Middle or chief Place, as re- prefenting the Emperour, Chevalier de la Roque was let below him, but above the reft of the Mandarins, who were placed oppofite to the French Officers, thefe fitting on the moft honourable Side. Cheva- lier de la Roque, to whofe Option the Viceroy had left it fome Days before, chofe to be entertained in this Manner by the Viceroy (and that in the Man- darin's Palace) rather than by the reft of the Ge- neral Officers of the Province, who are . inferior to the Viceroy, tho' the Chevalier and his whole Train were to have the Precedency. The Ceremony be- ing ended, we did not continue long in Cantofiy but \dt Father de Brojfta to fuperintend our Church there. The Day of our Departure, the Viceroy, the Song-too, the Commander of the Militia, and the reft of the General Officers of the Province, all in their ceremonial Habits, waited upon us to the River-fide. We were informed in Nan-chan-fou, the Capital of the Province of Kiamji, that the Em- perour was kt out from Peking, and advancing to- wards the Province oi Nanking. We accordingly travel'd that Way, and met him between Tancheio and Hoai.ngan, two large trading Cities, ftanding on the Side of the Canal through which the Em- perour was paffing. This Monarch hearing of our Arrival, fcnt Fa- ther Gerbillon, who putting us on board a little Vef- fel, conduced us towards that of his Majefty. The Moment we came up with it, we fell on cur Knees, according to the Chineze Cullom, and enquired af- ter the Emperoi-s Health. At that Inftant the Prince ft \l 76 TRAVELS ^///5^ Jesuits. Prince appeared at a Window, and enquired in fa very gracious a Manner how I did, as inufl have charm*d the mofl: infenfible Hearts. He then com- manded us to come on board his Veflel, on which Occafion he only afked me Ibme Queflions, his Ma- jefty having before been fufficiently informed of the fcvcruJ Particulars of our Voyage, by the long Let- ters I had writ to Peking. At eight in the Evening of the fame Day, his Majefly gave us a fecond Audience in his Clofer, where he fpoke to us longer, and with ftill greater Familiarity than in the Morning. I begg'd the Emperour to grant us Leave to return to Tang-chew^ we having left the Prefents which we had brought for him in that City. The Inftant we were arrived there, we difpofed them in fo beautiful an Order, that feveral of the principal Noblemen of the Court who faw, and could not forbear admiring them, confefied they were the mofl fingular and curious, in their Kind, which had ever been feen in that Court. The Emperour being defirous of taking a nearer View of them, caufed the feveral Things to be brought in one after another ; and as he is perfedly well-fkili'd in all Works of Art, he pointed out, better than any other Ferfon could have done, the Efteem in which they ought to be held. Above all, he was flruck witli the Portraits of the Royal Fa- mily, and cfpccially with that of his Majefty of FrancCy which this Prince could not forbear gazing upon, as if the Exa6tncfs of the Relemblance, and the Vivacity of the Colouring, delineated, in a fen- fible Manner to his Eyes, the various Wonders he had been told concerning o-jr augufl Sovereign *. Two Days after. Fathers Vifdeku and SuareZy and Hc?:ccma their Collegue, were commanded to * \fay net we call this g;io'*s Flatrery, and altojvfther unwor- thy of a Nian who pro/eiTts to undoitake ]<'ng and hazardous Voyages, in no ctiicr VitN-. I uv to win over Souls to Chrift r proceed ^W' % TRAVELS of the Jesuits. yj proceed in their Journey as far as Peking, and to order the Prefents to be carried thither. As to my- felF, the Emperour defired Father Gerbillon and I to follow him, till my four Companions whom I had left behind, Ihould be come up with us. Hearing, next Morning, that they were but three Leagues from 2ang'cbe'w, we went to meet them. The Emperour landed in a little IQand called Kin- chan, fituated in the Middle of the Kiang *, the broadeft and deepelt Rivtr in China. *,Twas in this inchanted Ifland, that the Empe- rour law them all five, for the firit Time. After they had faluted him, according to the feveral Chineze Ceremonies, he bid them come forward, with fuck an Air of Goodnefs and Familiarity, as they could not but admire. He then alk'd them feveral Qiic- ftions relating to the Sciences and the polite Arts, which gave them an Opportunity of fhowing their Abilities, and at the fame Time difcovered to them the Emperour's Genius and deep Erudition. They won, even in this firit Audience, the Ellecm of tliiit mighty Monarch, infomuch, that he could not forbear faying, that he believed a very good Choice had been made, in their Perfons -, that they feem'd extremely well qualified for his Sv^rvice, and tliat he was mighty glad to fee them. Bat nothing wz% a greater Proof of the Satisiadion he felt on this Oc- cafion, than the Orders he gave for their being fur- nifhed.with lighter Barges than thofe thv^y luvj be- fore ; and that they. Father Gerbillon and myftlf, fliould attend upon him during his whole Voyacr^, which laded ftbove three Moutlis -f . Tho' * This, I fuppofe, to be tlie River Kiam, or Blue Rl-vcr.^ .a« 'tis called in cur Alaps. f If thefc Jfiuirs amended fo (lofe upon the KmperciT, mer^f to win Kiiu over to tlie Chrillian ReligKMi, \x\q'.\ the SuppnilriuQ that it would be Icr his Welfure, thtir Dtfign was vci y lajJabie-; gtliaui;e thev would anfwer die P:aurj g;Vwn oUiura in the }i>l- lowiiicr 9 f m ft 78 TRAVELS oft/jejESuiT$: Tho* I did not propofe to relate in this Place, any of the Particulars concerning the Emperour's Voyage, I yet cannot omit, reverend Father, taking fome Notice of the Regard which his Majefty was pleafed to fhew to nine or ten Mifllonaries, of diffe- rent Nations and Orders, who were introduced into his Prefence by Father Gerbillon^ to have the Ho- nour of iiiluting him, and to offer him fome fmall Curiofiiies. This Prince caus'd them all to come near his Barge, that he miglit fpeak to them with the greater Familiarity •, fent them Viands from his own Table, and even Money, to fliow, by thefc public Tcftimonies of his Royal Bc:nevolence, the Eftctm he entertains for all the Miflionaries in ge- neral •, and thereby to give 'em the greater Credit in the fcvcral Provinces of his Empire *. And, to pay lowing Lines. The Jefuits are exceedingly folllcitous to gain Credit with the World, and to get Accel's to the Palaces of Kings and Princes, they raifing themfelves by various Degrees ofF.vour, till at laft they grafp ail Things. With what Re- luctance do they leave a Palace, when once they have got Foot- ing in it } With Regard to their Churches and other Edifices, they employ all the Arts pofllbie, in order to draw to their Houfes the moll confiderable Perfons of the feveral Places where they are fettled, for which Purpofe they build RoHra, Galleries, and other Embelliihments of Building, never ufed by any other Order of Friars. To this let us add, their Care in engroHing to themfelves the Education of Youth ; the fignal Encourage- ment they give to the Children of the Rich, on whom they Be- ftow all pofllbie Marks of Diftinftion, tho* they can fc2.-cc read s whilil, on the other Hand, they take no Notice of the Children of the Pcor, how remarkable foever they may be for their Ge- niub or Affiduity. Their chief Vitw, therefore, is, not to in- llrud Youth, but to gain, by all the Arts they can poflibly em- ploy, the Ff iencilhip of Perfons in Power, in order that they may engrofs every Thing, and raife themfelves in the World, of which they are, at one and the fame I'ime, the Idolizers and the Slaves. La vwi ale pratique des J efuiteSf Tom. I. p. 25, z6. * Some are of Opinion, that the Fathers itretch almoll as much, wlien they talk of the Honours paid them in China, and the great Regard which is there had to the Chrillian Religion and to the Jduits, as when tliey treat concerning their Miracles. Cer- ■I I I c feq. G3 thi( i 86 TRAVELS o///j^ Jesuits: this wide-extended Empire, they would have Bufi- nefs enough. The tirll Alms you receive ought to be employed for this Purpofe, this being the Thing we moil want. Hov/ever, I would not advifc you to frighten People, by informing them of the Sums that will be neceflary for the Maintenance of fo great a Number of Gofpel-labourers, D^ifire only fo much as every Perfon can fpare without incommod- ing himfelf. I have often thought, that the Mo- nies which are allowed in France to a Country Frieii, whofe Parifn fometimes does not confiil of an hun- dred Perfons, is fufficicnt to Hjpport a Miflionary in Chinay who not only has the Dircdlion of a Church already eftablifhed, and which is fometimes com- pofed of twenty or thirty thouland Chrirtians ; but who likewife may convert, every Year, Heathens fufficient to form a Parilh of five or fix hundred new Converts. If four or five Perfons would join, they might fettle fuch a Penfion without putting themfelves to any great Inconveniency •, and if the MifTionary was but to manage well his little Stock, he would have enough, over and above his own Maintenance, to befiow from time to time a Modi- f cum by Way of Alms. Words could never exprcfs how much fuch Alms, how inconfiderable foevcr they may appear when bellowed by the MilTiona- ries, are of Advantage to Religion, at the fame Time that they rePied the higheft Honour on ir. This confirms the Idolaters ftill more in the Opini- on they entertain, that we do not vifit them for the Sake of their Treafures, but for the Good both of their Souls and Bodies ; and 'tis well known thac this is one of the chief Circumllanccs which makcsi ^ them think favourably of our Religion : not to mention, that it gives tlie Chimzj the moft advanta- geous Idea poffible of the cxtenfive Charity of the Eu- ropeans^ to v/hom we afcribe all the Honour of thcle Alms ; often declaring:;, that were it not for the Li- 'o' bcrality lave Bufi- out};ht to hf Thing idvifc you the Sums )f fo great e only fo commod- the Mo- try Priell, f an hun- Vliflionary ' a Church imes com- lans ; but Heathens c hundred /ould join, It putting md if thd Ltle Stock, e his own le a Modi- ver exprc-fs ble foevcr MifTiona- the fame our on ir. the Opini- em tor the d both of TRAVELS of f/je Jesuits. 87 berality of certain generous Spirits, we could not fupport ourfelves, nor have wherewithal to beftow on them. This Zeal of Perfons who think of Fo- reigners at fo great a Diftance from them ; Foreign- ers whom they have never feen, and whofe Aid they can never want, affcds them as ftrongly as any one Particular. Farther, thofe who are in needy Circumftances, are thereby induced to liften to Chriftian Inftrufbi- on. They put their Confidence in Perfons who love them ; they judge of our Affedions in Propor- tion to the Benefits they receive from us -, and are perfuaded that 'tis no ways our Intention to deceive them. In fine, they encline fuch Chineze Chrifti- ans as are in the mod flourifhing Circumftances, to beftow, on their Brethren in Chrift Jefus, Alms to a much greater Amount than thofe we give. The Bonzes preach up Charity pretty much ; but then, this is done in favour of themfelves, not for the Poor ; whereas we take nothing for our Miniftry *, and, farther, we pradife what we teach f . But if the Spirit * Many Perfons will not believe them to be poor and difinte- refted. . . . The Jefuits (fays an Author) tho' they feem Beggars outwardly, are not fo in Fadl : It being merely a pretended Mortification, when they fend any of their young People to fue for Alms j and when any old Man, belonging to their Houfe, goes abroad for that Purpofe, he does not eat the Bread given him, buteiihe- fells or gives it away. . . . And afterwards, They declare themfelves to be Poor, and would perfuade all the World that they are fo ; and neverthelefs their Weakli is fuch, that their yearly Revenues amount to more than thofe of all the other Orders put together. La morale pratique des Jefuitesy Vol. I, pug. 12^21, 22. f Notwithftanding the great Aufterities they declare to be pra^ifed by them (as the Reader may have fecn in a former Let- ter) many charge them with being mere Hypocrites on thefe Oc> cafions. Perufe the following PafTage. " The [efuits lead a ** Lite of L'jxury and Delicacy. . . . No People wear finer Lin- *• nen than they, nor lie on lofterBeds ; and thofe who endea- " vour to apologize for their no: employing Woollen about their " Perfons or their Beds, fay, that the Seams of their Ltnnen, G 4 *• ujo, « ^ 11. I ■fulfil mi Ill) i ' ( ■ 88 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. Spirit of Charity fhould rife higher, and you lliould ever happen to meet (as pofTibly you may) with thofe generous Minds, who comply with every Pro- pofal of a good and folid Tendency, we fhall have Opportunities enough in this Country, of employing their Liberality, how great foevcr it may be. Among various Ellabliflimcnts wanting, and Vi'hich would greatly advance the Progrefs of the Chriftian Religion, by the Honour they mud ne- ceffarily refled on it, there is one which myfelf, as well as feveral other Miflionaries, have greatly at Heart. I mean the building, in five or fix of the grcatefl Cities belonging to the chief Provinces of the Empire, a Kind of Hofpitals for bringing up thofe Foundlings whofe Lives as well as Souls may have been faved. This would properly be a Work worthy the Piety of Ladies, to whom you confe- quently ought to explain this Defign. For thefe liofpitals would confilt principally of Maidens ; fuch being expofed, rather than the Males, by thofe Pa- tents who have more Children than they can well maintain. Parents alfo have Jefs Compaflion on thefe than on the Boys, from a Bjllef that it will be more difficult to provide for the Girls, and to enable them to get their Livelihood. They therefore fhould be inflrudled, till they come to a certain Age, in the Principles of Peligion ; and be taught fuch Chineze Arts as may fuit their Sex and Condition. At fourteen or fifteen they might be plac*d, as in France^ in the Families of (I <( «< •( n it tt tho' far from thick, are but too troublefome to them. They neve? get up in the Night to fay Mattins i they keep no more Vig 1? or F;ilts than fuch of the Laity do who are in the moft flouriiTiing Circumftances. They feed upon the greateft Dain- ties, and have excellent V/ines and otlier Liqunrs. • . . fiefides th'jir net cbfcrving any extraordinary Faft, fhc/ have obtain* ed Briefs for difpenfing from keeping Lent, and every Kind of Fail, all Perfons to whom their Superiours may indulge fach a Favour. La morale desjcj'uitesj Vol. l»pag 19, 20. Chriftian '■, IT' '*f TRAVELS of tbe ]t.s\s ITS. 89 Chriftian Ladies, who would prefer them to Hea- then Domefticks, or elfe be fent to a Sort of Mo- naileries, there to pafs their Lives in working and Prayer. If a few fuch Communities were once efla- bHfhed, I don't doubt but there would bcfeveral mor€» confining of Perfons of the higheft QLiality,as in the European Convents. The Chineze Women are natu- rally fond of Solitude. Befides their Tendency to Devotion, they are brought up, in the Houfes of their Parents, after a very reclufe Manner ; fo that we may prefume it would put 'em to very little Re- ftraint, to embrace a cloilier'd Life. We feldom fpeak to them of the great Number of holy Vir- gins, who chufe Chrift for their Spoufe, in the dif^ ferent religious Orders of the Church, but they dif- cover a Defire to make fo noble and generous a Sa- crifice, in their own Perfons, to Heaven. A confiderable Number of pious Eftablilhtnents are daily founded in Paris^ unlefs the Face of Things be greatly changed, in this Particular, fince I lefic that City. Now, could not a Lady of Quality * do * *Tis in the Minds of Women that the Jefuits are /aid to ftrive moft induftrioufly to ingratiate themfelves, particularly, when fuch Women are thought to be near their DilTolution. They endeavour to get Footing into all Places, in order to pro- cure Donations, and punilh all thofe very feverely, who do not exert themfelves for that Purpofe, they confidering them as the Subverters of their Society, as will appear from the following Story which happened in Madrid. A wealthy Woman, who had fome Relations in that City fell fick. During her Sick^ nefs ihe made Ufe of a Jefuit for her Confeffor, who, being a faithful Servant to the Society, advifed the Lady to leave her E- ilate to the Jefuits, and to difinherit her Nephews, to which (he confented. The Confeffor upon this returned home with Tranf- port ; and, in the Excefs of his Joy, demanded the Recom- penfe bellowed on fuch as bring good News, he imagining that he had performed an heroic Aflion, in procuring the Society fo rich an Inheritance. However, it fo happened that one of thofe Fathers, being of a very noble Family, and a Man of the great- e(l Probity and Honour, was ftruck with this ii;foIent Behaviour ; and being fully determined to defeat the Defign of the other Je- fuit, if- « ill 1 '■■■I l¥ tB^^^H 1 ■ r pi in i.ij 111 I 'Hi ': go TRAVELS of t&e Jesuits. do fomething like this, in favour of Peking, the Ca- pital of China ? Perfons, at fo great a Diftancc from Europe^ would not be allur'd by Vain-glory, nor prompted by thofe idle Applaufes which the Quality of Foundrefs fometimes procures them from the People of the World. But, (gracious God) can this ever be the Motive of fuch excellent Works ? And if any Perfons are fo weak as to be affedled by luch Encomiums, ought they not, on that very Ac- count, to fend their Alms to the other Extremity of the Globe, where God, who alone was privy to their D^jed, would beftow 0:1 them a full and entire Recompcnce ? The excellent Work I propofe ought fult, he went and vifited the fick Lady, at a Time when he knew the Conreflbr was not there. His Gown procured him Accefs to her, which would h:ive been refufed to a PViar of any otlier Order ; it being a Maxim among the Jefuits, not to permit any fuch to vifit the Sick, whom they are allowed to fee, for fear left they (hould overthrow all their Machinations. Th.- honcll jcfuit took a Notary along with him, and told the L;idy, that in the Gondii icn (he was, it was more incumbent on her to comply with her Duty than with her Devotion ; for which Rea- ibn, he prevailed with her to cancel her Will, and the feveral Legacies Hie had bequeathed to the Society, and to leave her E- ftate to the lawful Heirs. She died foon after, upon which ths Confeflbr took PofTeffion of the Houfe, and of all the Key?. He then opened the Will, which had been fealed, whereby it appeared, that Ihe had bequeathed almoft her whole Eftate to the Fathers. But whilft the wicked Jefuit was priding himfelf in being Matter of it, and fucceeding fo happily in his Defign, and was treating her Nephews with the utmoll Haughtinefs, up- on the Suppofition that they were dependant on him, on account of a trifling Legacy which their Aunt had left them ; the chief of thefe Relations came with the Codicil ; took the Keys of the Houfe from the Fathers, and drove 'em from it The Jefuits fought very induftrioufly for the PerG n who hud f liy'd them this Trick ; and finding it was the Father in queilion, they, the ve- ry next Day, put a Note under his Napkin, by which he was commanded to leave their Houfe, the Society having no more Occafion for his Service, He then went and threw himfelf at the King's Feet, to whom he told the whole Story ; upon which his Catholic Majeliy took him under his Protedion, and lav'd him from the Fury of the Jefuits. La morale pratique des 'Jej'uitcs^ Vol [. fag- 30;', Is fri. not •m TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 91 •not to be laid afide, from this Confideration, that it could not be effedled by one fingle Perfon -, fince that the Money which fervcs to feed and clothe a poor Perfon in Paris^ would fubfift four or five, farther, in France 'tis not always a fin ''"i Perfon that fupports a Houfe, but feveral who join their Contributions for that Purpole. *Tis enough that there be one Perfon at the Head of the rell, whofe Care may be to excite their Bc^ne- volence, from the Knowledge they have of the Wants of fuch as are the Objeds of their Charity. 'Tis not even neceflary, that the Perfons in quellion fhould beftow large Sums, by Way of Aims, at a Time. They may give little and often. The kind Reception which the French on board the AmphitriU met with from the Chineze^ gives us Reafon to hope, that an eafy and lading Correfpondence will be eita- bliflied between the two Nations, whereby we may have an Opportunity of hearing from you, and o-f being favoured with Alms from Europe, more than once a Year. The Voyage takes up but fix Months, at mod, provided a Ship fets fail from France at the End of December, or the Beginning of January, We faw a fmall Englijh Ship in Canton, which per- formed the Voyage in five Months. Was a Ship not to fail till the Beginning of March, (he yet might arrive in China the fame Year ; but then the Voyage would be longer and more hazardous. We put into fevenil Ports (which loft us a great deal of Time) by our miffing the Streights of Sunda ; but notwirhfianding this, and tho* we went near five hundred Leagues out of our Courfc, in unknown Seas, wherein we were forced merely to guels at it, VvC yet came to Ch'tua at the Clofe of \\-\^ Icventh Month. It would be impolTible for any P..rfon to arrive fo foon by Land, t!:o* he did not go a Step out of his Way, and fiiould travel fourteen or fifteen Leagues every Day. I am 92 TRAVELS ^/Af Jesuits. I am firmly pcrfuadcd, dear Father, that the ma- ny virtuous Ladies who are defirous of knowing what is tranfading on this Side of the Globe, will be toucli^ with the Particulars which I have here writ to you •, and be pleafed with me for publifliing the Wants, with regard both to this Life and that to come, of fo many little Creatures, who claim a more particular Regard, becaufe they, after leading a very Ihort and very miferable Life upon Earth, can cxpedl nothing but eternal Death f . I fliall conclude with again intreating you not to be difpleafed at hearing us fo often implore your Aid. I once thought it would have been impoflU ble for me ever to be fo urgent ; but the Sight of Neceflities of a certain Kind, give a new Turn to a Man's Thoughts. Zeal may cool in the Midft of France^ in Places where it may be fuppof-d that other Pcrfons will do the Good which we have not done. Ever fmce I found myfelf determined to facrifice my Eafe, my Health, and my Life in this Country, for the Salvation of Souls 5 I am perfuaded that the cooled and mod imperfed among Mankind, would be fir*d with ftill warmer Zeal ; and that it muft ar- gue a great want of Duty in me, if, concealing the NecelTities of our poor Churches, I fhould be the Occafion of their receiving lefs Succour. However, we may hope not to be always fo burthenfome to you. When the Number of rich and powerful Chriftians fhall be increafed, we then will befeech the Chineze^ and not the Europeans^ to help our Churches ; but that Hour is not yet come. Long after our Saviour's Abode upon Earth, the primi- tive Chriilians aflifted fuch Heathens as flood in Need of their Aid ; and the Sight of their great Liberality, induced even many of their Enemies to f If by eternal Death, our Jefuit means eternal Mifery, what a firange Idea mull he form to himfelf of the Creator of thefe Childrea ? become he ma- lowing je, will ve here jliftiing nd that :laim a leading Earth, 1 not to re your impofli- 5ight of urn to a Midft of hat other lot done. \ facrifice Country, I that the 3, would muft ar- lalingthe I be the lowever, fonoe to powerful befeech [help our Long iC primi- ftood in ;ir great lemies to Ifery, what lor of thele become 'Ur r KAV ELS of the ]e^ t% 93 become Converts to their Religion. W'^c wo Id gladly ferve you in the fame Way, in Hopes lat Heaven will beftow the like Blelhnj^s on Alms. / am, with great RefpcSf, &c. De Premarb. Father Stanislaus Ar let, to the Gene- ral of the Society^ concerning a new Mlfjion in Peru. Moft Revere7td Father, Sept. i. 1698. IN 1697, on the Eve of the Feafl of St. Peter and St. Paul, Father Francis Borine, my Compani- on and I arrived in good Health, bieflcd be God, in Peru, without meeting with any finiftcr Acci- dent. You had given us Leave, exactly four Years before, to leave Bohemia, our native Country, in order to vifit the Weft Indies, After I had refided fome Time in thefe Parts, our Superiours indulged the moft ardent of all my Defires, which was, to advance fiirther up into the Country, in order to found a new Settlement. This we have called the Refidence of St. Peter, in honour to the Prince of the Apoftles, under whofe Aufpices the Miffion was attempted and begun. Tne Barbarians, whom Providence has appoint- ed me to inftrudl, call themfelves Canifians. They are diredt Savages, and differ but little from Beafls, both as to their Behaviour and Manner of Livincr. All the Men and Women go naked. They have no fix'd Habitations, no Laws, nor any Form of Government. Equally Strangers to Religion and Superftition, they pay no Honour either to God or Devil -, and yet they have formed to themfelves a better Idea of the fupreme Being than one would have expeded from them. Their Colour is a deep brown ; t.;-' I 'S 94 TR A VELS e/*//^^ Jfsuits. brown i they have a favage and menacing Afpcft, and a Fiercenel's in their whole Perfon. 'Twould be difFiciilt to giiefs how many Inhabi- tants thtrc may be in this wide-fxtended Country, becaufc they are never fecn to aHl-mbie in Multi- tudes, nor Iiave we yet had Time to form any Conjc'durc's on this I Lad. They arc perpetually at "War with tlicir Neighbours •, and, whenever they take any of them Prifoners in Battle, they either make *cm Slaves fo long as they live, or, after having roafled them on Coals, eat them in their Banquets *, and ufe the Skulls of thofe they have thus devoured inflcad of Cups. They are very much addided to Drunkennefs ; and when ftrongly intoxicated with Liquor, they often quarrel, rail, wrangle, and murder one ano- ther. Modefly will not permit me to mention a great many other Irregularities of a much more fhameful Nature -f, to which they brutally abandon themfelves, whenever heated with Liquor. Their Arms are a Bow and Arrows, and a Kind of long Javelin made of fliarp-pointed Reeds ; and thefe they hurl fo dextroufly, and with fo much Force, that they are fure to ftrike the Perfon to whom it is levelled at, tho' above an Hundred Paces from them. The Number of their Wives is not limited, fome having more, fome lefs, according as they think proper. The Employment of the Wives, for whole Days together, is to prepare for their Hulbands Liquors compofed of various Sorts of Fruits. * I am perfuaded our Author was Impofed upon on this Occa- fion, the moll fenfible modern Travellers being of Opinion, that there is no Nation in the VVorld, who make it a Practice to feed on human Flefh. This will be farther defcanted upon in the Sequel of our Work. •f I can fcarce figure to myfelf Crimes of a much more fliame- ful Kind, than for People to butcher tliemfclves in tins Manner ; But our Author may poffibly hint at certa.n Adi, of UHcleannf '>. Wc TRAVELS of^k Jesuits. 95 \Vc cntred the Country of thcfe Barbarians, with- out Arms or Soldiers, accompanied only by fome Chriftian Indians (our Guides and Interpreters.) Hea- ven was pleafed to give greater Succcfs to our Ex- pedition than we had prel'umcd to expc(5l : More than twelve hundred foon coming out of the Forcds, to afFift us in laying the Foundations of our new Colony. Having never before feen Horfes, or Men refem'tling us in Colour and Drefs, the Aftonifh- ment they fliowed at our firfl Appearance among them, was a very pleafing Spethicle to us ; the Sight of us terrifying them to fuch a Degree, that the Bows and Arrows fell from their Hands, 7'hey fecm'd quite befide themfeJves, not being able to comprehend how it was pofTible for fuch Mon- gers to Come into their Forefts ; imagining, as they afterwards own'd, that the Man, his Hat, his Clothes, and the Horfe he rode upon, compofcd but one Animal ; and this by an aftonifliing EfFc(fl, the Caufe of which they could not account for. In a Word, the Sight of fo monftrous a Creature fur- prized them to ilich a Degree, that tiiey flood mo- tionlefs like Statues, But one of our Interpreters removed the Doubts of thefe Savages, by informing them who we were, and the Motive of our Voyage. They declared, that we came from the other End of the World, with no other View than to teach them to know and fcrve the true God f . He afterwards gave 'em cir- tain ii ' HI Lame- nner ; Wo -f- In how diflterent a Light is this fvt in the following Relati- on. .. , The I»iftarr Chhaguames inliabit the other Side of the Mountains of Pfr«. They are a very tra6lable People, and H- ften willingly to the Gofpel ; but, at the fame Time, are great Enemies to Iiday, in honour of Jefus fcourg'd. But a Circumllance, which forced Tears of Tcndtrrnefs and Devotion from my Eyes, was the Srgli: or a Company of young Indians of both Sexes, . We al- re, ofPo- ing them, leet j and ifters, low : Ground^ i up to us. il through th them i y, a Kind Travellers em Proofs r them as that", with J fo much lot only a before *tis Men, who loft pcrfedl TRAVELS of the Jesuits. loi Sexes, who, with Eyes cad humbly down, their Heads crown*d with Thorns, and their Arms ftrctched out on Stakes, clifpofcd in the Form of a Crois, imitated for above an Hour, in this Podure, the painful Condition of the crucified Saviour, whofc Image ftood before their Eyes *. I am^ &c. Stanislaus Arlet, of the Society of J cfus, Peru, from the Miffion called by the Spaniards, Moxes^ and by the Natives Canifia, i Sept. 1698 *. * Volume III. of the Original begins here. T Cither Le Royer, Super tour of the fefuit Mtjjiom in Tonquin, to Mr, Le Royer »ES Arsix, his Brother, "Dear Brother^ Tonquin, June 10. 1700. I Have been eight Years in I'onquiji f , a Kingdom, as you will find in all Maps, fituated between China and Cochin-China, I arrived there, with Fa- ther * 'Tis no Wonder that painted Images fliould make fo deep an Imprcffion on the Minds of a People quite ignorant and bar- barous, fince they are often found to work very ftrongly on Per- fons of Education in the moft polite Countries. f Father Le Gobien obferve>, (in his Dedication of the 3d Volume of this Work, in the Original, to the Jefuits of France) that Tonquin and Cochin-China form'd, during a long Courfe of Year.?, Part of the mighty Empire c{ China. He adds, that the Inhabitants of thofe two Countries, being diflatisfied with iheir Governoars, who, by being at fo great a Diltance from their Monarch, frequently abus'd their Authority, made an In- ftirredlion, elefted a King from among their own Countrymen, and entirely fhcck cfF the C/^/'«f/^' Yoke. The two Kingdoms Q^To7iqiiin and Cochin Chinas were governed, during many Cen- turies, by one Sovereign ; and 'tis not hut witliin about thefe two hundred Years that they divided, and had their pirticular Kings. Father Le Ro^er was one of the fif een Miflionaries whom the King of France fent into India^ with the Ambaffadors of Siam in 1,687, at the Rcquell of the Monarch of the lalt mentioned H 3 Kingdom; li^^ 162 TRAVELS c/'//;^' Jesuits. ther Paregatidy my Companion, the 22d of Ju/te 1692, after a very long and very dangerous Voyage. The Million of Tonquin, (a moll flourifhing one) was founded in 1627. The Fathers, by the Machi- nations of the Bonzes^ were drove from it, but af- terwards recalled. They were perfecuted a fecond Xime, and baniflied the Kingdom, ever fince which they have been obliged to hide themfelves. As therefore the Mifiionaries are not allowed Accefs to Tonquin, my Companion and I were forced to hide ourfelves at our Arrival there. After crofTing, with great Difficulty and Danger, the Frov'mcc of Tenhoa^ we entred thofe of Ngeam and Bochoim *, on the Frontiers Xingdom ; and was appointed Superiour of the firft Houfe fettled in the Dominions of that Prince. A Revolution happening in this Kingdom, the Jefuits were obliged to retire to Pondicherry, on the Coaft of CormandeL There they ftaid fome T'me, to wait the Event of the Affairs of Ziam ; and to fee whether it would be poffible for them to re- turn to it. At lall they rcfolved to fpread themfelves over the neighbouring Countries, there to cultivate the eftablifhed Mifli- ons, and to fettle new ones. Some of thefe Fathers entered that of Madura ; others went into the Kingdom of Bengal^ where they founded the Miflions which the French Jefuits have now there. Some vifited the Kingdom of Pegu^ where they met with a Variety of Sufferings, which, at laft, brought them to their End, Father he Royer,. purfuant to the Order which Fa- ther Tacbard \\-ii,A received from Popfe Innocent XI. of taking back the jefuits into Tonquiny went into that Kingdom with Father Paregaud^ whiihr tbcv did not arrive till "June 1692. Carnuta is a Miffion ellablifhed lately by the Trench Fathers, in the Peninfula of Irdia, on the Model, and in the Neighbour- hco J of that of Madura^ founded, long fince by the Portugueze Jefuits. V * I do not meet with this Province in cur Maps, or in any of our Travellers. Dampier, who refided fome Time in Tonqidn^ divides it into the eigiit Provinces following. I. ^enan^ which chi-fly produces Rice. II. Eaji Pro'vincey whofe Capital is Hean. Tiscliiefly compofed of Low-lands and Iflands ; is in- hibited moUIy by Fifhermrn, has good Pallurage, is full of Cattie, and produces great Quantities of Rice. HI. South Pro- K'inccy which aifo is very riultiul in Rite, and has fine Palhiragf. IV. TaiUa, Pa^t of i;s Inhabitants, and thofe of the §e.i-coail3 ia id of Jufje LIS Voyage. Thing one) :he Machi- it, but af- 1 a fecond nee which ;lves. As Accefs to :d to hide fing, with of Tenhoa^ *, on the Frontiers Houfe fettled Jefults were CormandeL ■ the Aft'airs • them to re- ves over the linied Miffi- entered that ngaly where :s have now re they met ;ht them to which Fa- :aking back with Father 2. ch Fathers, Neighbour- Portugueze TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 103 Frontiers of Cochin -China. All the Chriftians in tlicfc Provinces were then in a very abandonM State, and overjoy M to iec us. We afterwards went into jLoft Provi'.ice. The Tonquineze are a fcnfible, polite and traflable People. 'Twill not be difficult to win them over to Chrid, becaufvi they are not ftrongly attached to their Pagods, and have very little Eflecm for the Priefts of their fili'c Deities. Their Manners are in- nocent enough ; and they are not acquainted with the grofs Vices to Vv'liich die other Na.ionsofthe Eaft are very ftrongly addided. The only Obllacle in general, carry on a j^reat T'rade in Fifliing. I' jikcvv'fe pro- duc-s Ric^. V. Ng'Uifn, which abound;; vvirli Grai;;, C'Ulff, and Rice. VI. Wcjl Pro-vhire. " Fis a wic'.c, flat Country i its Soil is rich, and abounds wi'h G'vifs and 'yVooil. VU. North Pro-vi>!ce. Thi^ takes up a large Exf'nt of LanJ, -i'- whi-h are feen a valt Vari.ty cf Mountains, Plains, and Wo )d-.;inds ; and here the greareit i\ umber of wild Elephants are foanu, it likewile produces great Quantities of Silk and Lack. \'IU, Cacbao. This Province contains a great Diverfity of Moun*ai:!s and Low-lands, Woods and Champaigns ; is a vaftly dt Ii;4litful Country, and produces great Quantities of Rice, Silk and J ack. With regard to the Tonquineze, the befl Travellers inform us, that they are of a tawny Complexion, well-fhaped, and cS a. middle Stature. "When about twelve Years old, they dye their Teeth black, or of a very dark Colour, wliich fome ai'cribe to their Defire of not having their Teeth white like thofe of Erures. Tl^.eir outward Garment is a long Gown, tied with a S .ih. The Quality wear Si;kor Englilh Broad-cloih, and the inferior Pjople and Soldiers, Co:ton Cloth, dyed of a dark Colour. ' lis re- lated, that no People are more fociable or humane than the Ton- quJnezi^ The triding Part of them are exceedingly courtfous io Strangers, and very fair in their Dealings. Bur rheir M;.g;- lirates are faid to he imperious, their Soldiers infclent, and thtir Pcor very muoli ;id-ii«:ted to Thieving ; for which Reafon, Stran- gers are obliged to keep a very Itritl Eyz over ihi'ir Goods. They are able Mechanics, faithtul and diligent when Servants, and exceedingly fubmiliivc, which Tome afcribe to the tyrannical Government they live under. They endure labour very patient- ly, but are greatly dejcdled in Sickncfs ; and all in general are fo fjud of Gaming, that they will play away their very ^iothes. i Ir' 1™., M \ i! W n 4 to 1 104 TRAVELS of the Jesui .i. to their turning Chrillians, Is their allowing a Plu- rality of Wives ; their being pemiitced to put from them fuch as they don't like ; and the barbarous Cullom of caftrating Men. The plurality of Wives, and thefe Caftrations, regard chiefly Perfons of Di- ftindion, to whom a great Number of Children is no Burthen, and who are defirous of raifing them to the firft Employments of the Kingdom. Bat 'tis not lb with refpedt to the Right which Hufbands have of putting their Wives from them, and taking another, when they are barren or ill-temper'd. This is a Cuftom eftablilhed even among the common People, and is one of the grcateft Obftacles to their Converfion. Neverthelefs, the Chriftian Religion is in a very flourifhing State in this Country. As to my ,Way of Life here, and the Methods I employ in order to win over Souls, fince you are defirous of being inform 'd in that Particular, I Ihall give you a plain undifguifed Relation of it •, fuch a one as becomes a Brother. Were we to appear ever fo little in Public, we fhould eafily be difcover'd by our Complexion •, and therefore, to prevent the Per- fecution from incre^fing, we are obliged to conceal ouifelves as much as polTible. For this Reafon, I pafs whole Days, either fhut up in a Boat, which I never leave, except in the Night, in order to vifit the Villages lying near Rivers j or retir'd in fome lone Houfe. Whenever I vifit the Ghriftians, of whom there are vaft Numbers upon the Mountains, and in the Mid ft: of the Forefts ; I commonly am acc®mpanied by eight or ten Catechifl:s, whom I am obliged to fupport entirely. Thefe, like myfelf, have learnt to be contented with a little. We divide our Time in manner following : I labour the whole Night, and that (as I can aflTure you) with very little Inter- vals. The Time I don't beftow in hearing Confef- fionsj or in adminift:ring the Communion to thofe cgnlcfsxl TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 105 confefsM by me, is employed either in compofing DiHx-renccs, in iettling Matters, or in refolving iucli Difficulties as my Citfchills could not. After Mafs, which I celebrate a little before Pay-break, I re- turn to my Boat, or to the Houfe, which then ferves as a Retreat to me. 1 he Catechifts, who fleep at Night, labour in the Day, during which I either pray, ftudy, or repofe mylelf. I'heir Bufi- nefs is, to preach to the Infidels, to exhort the old Chriilians, and to prepare 'em for receiving the Sa- craments of Penance and the Eucharifl: ; to dilpofc the Catechumens for Baptifm, to vifit the Sick ; in a Word, to perform all thofe Offices which don't abfolutely require the facred Chc^racfber of the Priefl- hood. After having vifited one Village we go tQ another, or repeat the fame Exercifes •, fo that we are never unadtive. In 1696, a new Perfecution broke out againft the Chriilians. The great Diftance we live from one another, my advanced Age, and the weak State of my Health, make me naturally fuppofe, that you and I fliall never fee one another more in this World. But what a Pain would it be to me, dear Brother, was I not perfuaded that Heaven will look upon us with an Eye of Pity •, and that both of us, obey- ing his holy Commandments, we fhall be fo hap- py as to mpet, and live eternally with him ? For this Purpofe, permit me to put you in Mind of what I have fo often inculcated, when we lived nearer one another, I. Never fufFer 4 Comparifon to be niade between Things relating to eternal Life, and thofe of this World. Of what Benefit would it be to a Man to gain (as our Saviour obferves) the World, Ihould he lofe his Soul, or only hazard the lofing of it to all Eternity. Stand in the utmoft Awe of God, ^nd never confent to do any Thing which m^y "pleafe him. Ascuflom yourfelf 1:0 fee your Creator with io6 TRAVEL '^ of the ]Er.vn^. vith the Eye of Faith, as being a Witnefs to aH your Words and Behaviour. Ofier up to him all your Actions, do every one of them in the Dcfign of plealing him \ ccnluJt him in al! your Undertakings ; and throw your! elf with Conlidcnce in the Arms of ib good a Father : frequently implore this good Fa- ther to inlpireyou with the Love of him i and fub- mit in all Things to his facred Vv'ill. II. With Regard to the EdabliH-jment of your Houfe and Family, ever call to Mind tliat God is the Source whence all Bleffings flow ; that Probity, Sincerity, Rcditudc, and an inviolable Attachment to the facred Caufe of Religion, are the only Things which can give Solidity and Duration ta your Fortune. That Injuflicc, on the contrary, ruins our Chara^icr, and often deftroys our Polfef- lions. Be firmly pcrfuaded, that the Prudence ot Man is very Ihort-fighted, (how proud fuever he niay be of his own Talents) when God abandons him to his own Condudt ; and that ius Abilities, on this Occafion, only plunge him into greater Er- rors. Though Heaven fomcnmes permit an unjufl; Man to profper, he yet will not allow him to enjoy his ill-gotten Wealth long. That Family will loon be ruin*d, how ample foever its Poffeflions may be, "which God has not an Eye over. IIL Do all the good in your Power, and never injure any Perfon. Avoid Law-Suits, as one of the greatefl worldly Evils that can befal you ; and pre- ferve if poflible all Harmony and Peace. As this Peace is a celeftial Gift, frequently befeech God to indulge it you, becaufe it can be enjoyed only by the Divine Favour. If you happen to be involved in any Contefc or Law-Suit, extricate yourfelf to the belt of your Power •, but be fure never to employ Fallhood or Tricking, though in Defence of your own Rights i for then Heaven would abandon you i and ■^- ™ o ail your all your . ^cfign oi •rtakings i ; Arms of good Fa- f and fab- M t of your 1 t God is '1 Probity, i ttac imcnt 1 the only 'i ii'ation to ^; contrary, {| .ir Polled 1 .idcncG ot 1 liiever he :| abandons ^ )i itics, on S eater Er- | an unjufl: | to enjoy f will loon ;J may be, | nd never ^- )ne of the ' and pre- | As this 1 God to t ily by the solved in i . ; f to the ■ X i employ : ^ ; of your -rj ion you i 1 and f TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 107 and your Ruin would be inevitable, though your Caufe fhould be ever fo juft. J awy &c, Abraham De Royer, Father De Tartre, to Mr. De Tartre. Canton, Dcccmb. 17, 1701. Moft dear Father, IA M at laft arrived in China, after employing near eight Months in our Voyage, which was very troublefome and dangerous. The firft Thing Ifl-iall beg of you, after you have perufcd this Letter, is, to thank Providence for ccndudting mc to this Land of Promife, which I for fo many Vears, had longM to fee. Our Voyage was fingiilar on two Accounts : Firft, No Ship ever failed to China in fo fliorc a Time ; we getting in lefs than five Months, within an Hundred and Fifty /Leagues of that limpire. "Secondly, No Ship ever fqiind fo much DifHeulty in its Paflage thither. Though we did every Xhing, during upwards of four Months^ that Indufiry can poiTibly effefb, it yet was not in our Power to reach Canton, the Port where our Ship was to Winter. Daring all this Time we were either buffeted by Storms, or roving from one Ifland to another, ex- pelling every Inftant to fufFer Shipwreck ; thrice happy, after all thefe Perils, to meet with a Place, jnore than an hundred Leagues from Canton, where our Velfel could be fheltered from the Winds during Winter. 'Tis from thence that I came hither by Land, in order to join our Brethren, who had refided there ever fince the Nativity of our Lady. For after our m havin or ■ '■ i . lof^ TRAVELS of the JcsurTs. having narnnvly cfcapcil being caft away the firfl Time-, Father /> Fontane.\\ finding the Ship ad- vanced but very llowly, had imbarkcd at Sniichau^ on Board certain (iaUies Tent him by the Manda- rins ; and had brcjught with him Fathers For- qticiy Di' CbcvagHcii:^ De Govil/e, Le CoidlcitXy Jar- totix^ Franqui^ a;ul Brother Brocard * \ Fatlicr Conlanciii and myll-Jf continuing on 3oard as Chap- lains. 'Twas from this Time, efpecially, that my Companion and I, were expoled by Providence to the fevereft Trials. Wc have now made Death fa- miliar to us ; and the want of almofl: every kind of Succour, in the midft of the greateft Dangers, has accuftomed u^ to put our Trult only in the Good- nefs and Mercy of Chrill. To him we owe our having efcaj^ed Shipwreck twenty Times; for though our Captain, and otl'^cr Officers, were Per- Ibns of the grcateic Abilitcs and Experience, yet the Seas wc were then upon were lb unruly, and the Storms fo violent, that all their Skill in Naviga- tion was abiblutely of no Service to them. God be ever praifed for prcferving me from fo many Pe- rils. We arc now in Port, and I never enjoyed better Health than at this Time. I had writ to you from the Illand of Goree, near Cape Verd^ where we met with fome French Ships *, and among the reft, with that of Captain De la Rue, whole Bravery and gallant Exploits, gained him fo much Honour in the Jaft War. As thefe Ships were to return foon to Si. Maloy we put our Letters on Board them. If they are come to Hand, as we hope ^hey are, you muft have heard what befel us from Port Lezvis, whence we failed the 7th of March 1701, to Cape Verd^ where we were at that Time. * ^ fuhoi-dinate Sort of Fnart ; Jiich as are not in Frhfli QrdarSi tin latter being caikiTathsrs. But % the firfl >liip acU Mantla- ;rs Por- Father IS Chap- owe our es ; for ere Per- nce, yet Lily, and Naviga- God uny Pe- enjoyed 'ee, near French Captain '-xploits, ar. As falo, we e come ft have nee we TRAVELS of tie Jesuits." 109 But hitherto we had lien only i'acific Oceans, ex- cept about Cape hniijlere^ whjrc tlic Sea appeared fjrmidable to Inch K rfons as arc not firficiently inured to it. Hitherto we had fulFcred no more than what is felt by Landmen, whole Imaginations are not yet fo far prepared, as to make them lee unconcerned, the Floor wiiich they walk upoa fink; nor to live in 1 loufes that turn with every Wind. Moft of ihem elcapcd with feeling a violent Diz.zinels and the Stomach-ach, during f.ve or fix Days. Some were not afilided fo long. Asto myfelf,! paid, in one Afternoon, all th.c Tribute 1 owed to the Sea ; and whillt the rell were fick, antl fcarce able to llanti, I was become a perfecl Sailor ; and ;from that 'i'ime was qualified to dilcharge the OiTjce of Chaplain on board our Sliip, as 1 have done ever fince. After doubling Cape Finijlcre^ 'twas no mere to us than an ag'-eeable Airing of forty or iiTty Leagues a Day, which v/e perlormcd very cafily by the AlTiilance of the Tiade Winds. W^e daily failed by fome new Ki-.gdom ; and fhifted from one Part of the World to the other in our Sleep. W^e made the Illand of Fcrro^ wh::re the Ficnch Geographers have fixed the firll Meridian ; and af- ter beginning to take cur Longitude from thence, we failed directly for Cape P'crd^ v/hep.ce wedifco- vered, as early as the Morning of Aicich 24, the two Hills called the Tif^/j, or Les MamcUcSy as the French c^W them. As it was net pofTible for us to get into theKoad in the Night, we frightned the People in the Fcr- trefs of Gcnv, as alio two Vclfels of St. MalOy which lay at Anchor near it. They imagined us to be Corfairs, or Enemies, who were come upon fome ill Defign in the Night ; and on tliat Suppo- fition, were preparing to receive us with a Dif- charge of all their Artillery \ but Mr. Oury^ our fecond Captain, went off in our Longboat, in or- der i ym \ m< s i Wi 1 i mik j y w ■ 1 m * 1 ! i ■ ■ ^^^M : wlB il ii fS n^^K Illy i 'fil (i'Hp i ii i:U! J fl ■ 'in l:^ H 1 Ik 1 i " 11 ^'mJkt hH 1 !f« P lip biffl ^ '. ■ 1 -^liMi llH li Hi fl i<^B i p ; m wSm ip a ^K 1 m ^■ « M aSm-- ill- iHilE il! ?'{;! UKffiH II :l H' H f 1;; m ^': Xio TRAVELS ^//^^ Jesuits. der to quiet their Spirits, and inform them who we were. I am furprized that, from the Time the French pofTeficd thcmfelves of the Iiland of Goree^ under Marfhal I)\Eftrees *, no one has yet thought of eftiiblilhing a MifTion in it. A great deal of good might be done, for there we Ihould meet with Chrifbians to reform •, virtuous Catholicks to enter^ tain in Piety *, Slaves belonging to the French^ to inftrudl and baptize ; Millions -f of Mahommedan Nes;roes, more eafv to be converted than thofe of any other Country : For asthefe People are inftru6t- ed but very flightJy in their Religion \ and know no more of it, than what they are taught by their Ma- raboos, or Priefts, who read to them a Sort of Ko- ran II, not that of the Ttirks^ but a a Rhapfody of dull impertinent Fables ; 'tis probable that they would attend much more willingly to the folid Truths of the Chriftian Religion, and be eafily pre- vail*d upon to embrace it. They honour the Pro- phet Makommedy and are very folicitous to get themfelves circumcifed. Moll of them are fond of Magic ; at leafl: they purchafe, at a very high Prlce> Covenants writ in myfterious Characters, called by them Gris Gris ; and thefe they give as Preferva^ve Remedies for Evils of every kind. One of thefe Ne- groes, after ten Years of Servitude, imagined him- lelf fufficiently rewarded for all his Toil and Pains, in receiving one of thefe Gris Gris. He declared that the carrying it about him, made him Proof a- gainft a Sword or Gun : However he would not permit our French People to try the Experimcr.c upon him. At our leaving this unfortunate Coun- * He took it from the Dyytchy November I, 16-7. \ The Word Millmu mud be employed for a great Number; othcrwife our Father would be greatly out in his Computation j Gorce b^ing but a fmail Ifland. II ImprQferlj called the Alcoran. try. It »• <^H lem who s e French m ?, under ^ 3ught of of good eet with :o enter- 'ench^ to -' hommedan thofe of .■■■'. inftru6t- know no 4 leir Ma- ■A rt of Ko- • 1 ipfody of lat they •he folid afily pre- the Pro- .■'V to get '''S^fl ; fond of 5h Prlce^ »^9^H :alled by ferva^ive befe Ne- ed him- d Pains, declared ''19 ?roof a- uld not crimen c -~^^H s Coun- INumber ; Ipatacion ; try, TRAVELS of the Jesuits. m try, every one of the Miffionaries were deeply af- flided to think of the abandoned State of the un- happy 'Negroes : and would willingly liave lived with them, in Hopes of winning them over to Chrift. We flaid bnt a Week at Cape Ferd, having as yet but little Occafion for Refrelhment or Repofe ; not to mention that this is not a very good Place to lie in. Goree is a little Ifland, where there is room only for a Fortrefs, and a few Inhabitants ; and we fcarce found Water enough to fill our Hogfheads. The Cattle from the Continent are good for no- thing, from the want of Grafs 5 the Air being al- ways of a fiery Temper, and the Soil barren. In the rural Parts we fee Elephants, Stags and Apes* The Dwellings are only poor Huts covered with Reeds -, the Inhabitants go almoft Naked ; their whole Drefs confifting of a Piece or Cotton Cloth, with which they cover themfelves from the Girdle to half way dov/n the Thigh ; the excelTive Heat of the Climate, not permitting them to wear more Covering. Their only Food is Millet, they having no Wine, Corn, or Fruits. A fLirprifmg Circum- flance is, thefe unhappy Creatures are neverthelefs perfuaded, that their Country is the Terreftrial Pa- radife. They would look upon it as highly inju- rious in any Perfon who fhould feem to compaflio- nate them, and indeed they always appear with a gay and fmiling Countenance j and was it not for the dread of the Club, which the Europeans are not fparing of, they would not change their Condition with that of the happiefl Nation upon Earth. Thefe People are among thofe who imagine the Dvil to be White; and who confider it as one of the Prerogadves of their Nation, to be the blacked People in all Africa. »Tis certain this Colour is not diiugreeable, when *tis a deep and fiiining Ebony Black, as is thac of moll of their Faces. We . 1 If Mt TRAVELS o/'/y^^ Jesuits: We left Gone the 31ft of March, with a fa-» vourable Wind. In lels than two Hours we loft Sight of the whole Coaft of Africa, The Gover- nor of the Fortrtfs had advifcd us to (land upon our Guard, as long as we fliould continue in thofe Parts i he having News,- that fome Corfairs were roving about Gambia and Senegal -^ but wc had the good Fortune not to meet with any. Being in fe- •ven or eight Degrees of North Latitude, we were becalmed^ and began to feel exceflive Heats. The Sun was alnioft perpendicular, and we jcarce felt a Breath of Wind. Our Officers would gladly Lave bathed themfelveSj but they were afraid, on Account of thofe large Fifh called Sharks *, which are greedy of Human Flefh. We took a confiderable Number of them* During Calms, they are generally fcen following after Ships ; but thofe wc catched were fcarce above fix or fevcn Foot long, v/hich is nothing to the Size of fo many other larger Filli found in thofe Seas. We faw fome Grampia*^ above twenty Foot long. In line, we now palfed the Equinodtial, it being Sun- day\ and therefore, out of Rcfpcd to that facred D.iy, we poitponcd, till the Morrow, the Ceremo- ny to which the Sailors have very improperly gi- ven tho Name of Biptifm. ' Tis performed by Bathing, in a Tubf^thofe v/ho have not yet pafled the Line ; unlefs they give Money to the Crew, to pve themicives from this dilagreeable Ceremony, * In Frcvch, Requiems, fo called, becaufe when any Perfon is bit by ih,;m, the only Thing to be done is to fing the Kequian. We call ihcm Sharks. They keep about the Mouth of Rivers, and are ever accompanied by leveralfmall Fiili called PJots* they fu'imming before, and condm^ing them to Places where they may in; et vvitli Prey. Father 'lachard informs us that they are taken, but wich OitliJuhy, by the Hook. 'I'he Requiems (or Requhts) are iior of the oviparous kind ; they being found, in the Ei'lly of t.-.c Fcninie, cc.r.plcatly formed ; and if call into the St-a, they immediatclv fwim wtll. They have three Rows of very iliarp < cech. Some imagine them to be the true Reniora. wli^ch t-r A /' i^L cr»-f ^ ct^ •^i,■■*-■*' . r^-^ t i^^S^jZ.^ ^^l £»~ .C^ v& ^ ^ «c:i^>^»w. TS. vith a fa-» rs we loft he Gover- :and upon 2 in thofe rlairs were e had the fe- ing in , we were ats. The jcarce felt lid gladly if raid, on Sharks *, We took ng Calms, :cT Ships ; ve fix or ;he Size of )cas. We long. In Deing Sun- hat facred z Ceremo- operly gi- ormed by yet pafled Crew, to [Ceremony, any Perfon the RequictK. 1 of Rivers, PJots ; they re they may y are taken, (or Refjuins) in the Edly to the Sfa, 3\vs of very itnora. which TR A VE LS ^//5*? Jesuits. h^ vKich for a long courfe of Years, has been confi- dered as an indifpu table Right. From the Equinodial to the Straits of java^ which is the firft Indian Coaft we made ; that is, for the Space of above four thoufand Lelgues, we met with nothing remarkable ; and our Voyage was very fuccelsful. We only were forrietimes be^ calmed, during which the Currents drew us very near the Coafts of America. We alfo had ftormy Weather in the Seas about the Cape of Good Hope^ and off the Needle-Bank We had not feen the Ocean fo tempctluous till then ; but were under no great Apprehenfions, as we were at a confiderable Diftance from Land. Though the Winds were fo furious, that the Sea ran Mountains high, we yet made fourfcore or an hundred Leagues daily. This indeed was very fatiguing-, but then how joyful were we to fee ourfclves advance fo fwifdy towards the wilhed -for Country. Farther, we diverted ourfelves with Fowling and Fifhing of a new Kind ; webring- j' " down Filh that were flying, and taking Birds .^h the Angling- Rod. This, how extraordinary foever it may appear, is neverthelefs true. When- ever ar^y Porpoifes * appeared out of the Water, ana fprung forward, we fti*uck thera with Darts ; and die Boobies f, (Which are Birds) were taken on the Surface of the Water by Lines, to which a Bait v/as ftuck. I never in my Life faw fucli Flocks of Birds, efpecially of Boobies ^ as in the vail Seas between the Cape of Good Hope., and the Ifland of Java. The Cold, which is fenfibly felt in thoie Parts, after we are come out of the Torrid Zone, threw great Numbers of our Crew into the * Thefe are of the Whale kind, and are called, in Latin, Orea. f Thefe are called Damitrs, in the Originnl ; I have not found this Word in any of my Didionaries ; buc I believe the Interpretation I have given of it is tight. i Scurvy^ f O) ^ t^-^'l*^ .- - — 114 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. Scurvy, of which three died in a lliort Time. Tlie te.ir ( i' Death inclined two of our Sailors, a Swede and "i Dutchman^ to liilen more willingly to our In- {iruflion.s, and afterwards to abjure the Lutheran Religion. At lall we came in fight of Java. In f.andirig for that Ifland, we bore away above tbtvefcore Leagues too far Eaflward. We there perceive Mountains as high as thofe of the Voges* \ bur failii .:■ back again towards the Mouth of the Saaiis ol Sunda^ the Lands appear lower, and we difcover beaurilul, wide Plains, interfperfed with Groves, at Intervals; and embeJlifhcd with a num- L:.rlciS Multitude of Cocoa Trees, Banana Trees, i^c. I don't know whether this Country is really fo bcautifjl as it appeared at a Diilance ; the Eyes of a Perfon confined in a Ship four or five Months being very deceitful. Every Land forms an agree- able Spedacie to him ; a Rock on which he fpies a Jittle Greer, gives him great Satistadion. In a Word, no Scene can be more melancholy, than to fee, during a long Time, no other Objed but a Ship and the Ocean. We had been ordered to caft Anchor before Princes Ifland, to take in Wood and Water ; and not before the liland of Java^ v/hich belongs to the Dutch', leaft they, affifled by five or fix Englijh Ships, and odicrs of their own Nation, of whie'h there are always fome about Bantam and Batavia -f, fliould offer to difturb us. Nevertheleis as * ?Jcuvtalns nvbicb fcparnfe "Loxr^'wifrom Alfatia. •\- I'hc Dutch art known to be exircincly jealous of all Eu- ropeans Siiips, cxcepc their own, that coiik- and trade in tlielc Par.'s. " Should we enou;re (favs a iiltfjl EnzlUh Author/ " into the i<.ight the Dutch have to their pretended Doininioiis *' in thcie Pare-;, what can it be reiulved into Lul r'oice ? They •" Lave ;u)t lo much as the Poireiiion of" the fortictu Pare of *' rhoCe Countries, where they pretend to the Soveie gnty both •' of Sfa and Land ; and yet ii chey mcLt wich any VelTels be- " longiiig to thole Ccuntrifs, they fearcii and plunder them ; '* and ^M i» s. ne. The , a Swede to our In- : Lutheran /ay above We there c Voges * ', ith of the , and we rfed with th a num- Lna Trees, r is really [ the Eyes '^'^J e Months j ■Kt^^^B s an agree- i *3BBr he fpies a .ifii^K on. In a . <>*^HH y, than to 5 eCt but a ed to cafl Wood and *^ I'l >^, which by five or ^ in Nation, mlam and everthelels -^^aM as ^ ^ s of all r.'.- ^ iJe in tliclc ^'l ///> Auti;or; Doiiiinioiis ? 01 C'.' ? They (2 ictu Tare of le gnty both VefTels be- iiidcr them ; '* and ' '^ TR AV ELS of tlje Jesuits. 115 as Princes Ifland is quite a Defart, and abounds with Tygers, it confequently was not a fit Place either for the landing our fick Men, or for furniiliing us with Refrefliments, which we now wanted. Thence we were forced to venture, (whatfoever might be the Confequence) to the IQand of yava^ and call An- chor near a Settlement belonging to thofe Ifian- ders. A fmall Brigantine appointed to guard the Caad, firft came up to us ; and inquired, in the Name of the Duicb, who we were. To amufe the Captain, we defired him to go and get us fame Oxen, Kids, Fowls, and other Refrefliments ; and faid that we, in the mean Time, would go to the Dutch^ whom we pretended were our good Friends. And now we put our fick Men on Shore, who were already beginning to bury themfelves in the Sand, which is thcquickelt Remedy for the Scurvy ; when on a ludden we perceived coming towards us, from behind a Point of the Ifland, a large Ship carrying Dutch Colours. Immediately we made a Waft of our Enfign, which is the Signal for thofe on Shore to return on Board ; when the poor fick Creatures, who before could not put one Foot before another, found their Legs at the fight of a Butch Ship, and ran back very nimbly to their own. The Dutch- man made towards us ♦, but perceiving that we did not once offer to move, nor condefcend fo much as to hoifl one Flag, or even make any Signal to let him know who we were •, he himfelf began to be a- fraid, and accordingly Iheered off ; probably for fear we (hould have forced him to do this, by dint |of Cannon. ** and if they difcover an Intention to Trade with any other ** European Nation, frt-quently murther every Man on Board, '• burn their Towns upon the Coall, and maflacre the Peoj le." almotzh Modern Hillory, Vol. I. pag. zoq, Ccl. I. LonJon 11739, 4'^- Some think this Author is infinitely too partial with egard to the Dutch. I 2 After 1 I 'il' m ji6 TRAVELS ^ the Jesuits. After having taken in Water, and fome Provi- fions in the Ifland of Java^ we fet fail the very Evening of that Day with a pretty favourable Wind. The next Morning, by Day-break, we alarmed the Dutchman, who imagined that we were making to- wards him with all the Sail we could Croud. Im- mediately he failed, in order, if poITible, to get the Wind of us ; but we contented ourfelves with leav- ing him behind, that he might not give Advice of us at Bantam, before we Ihould be got out of the Straits. The Calm kept us in one Place almoft the whole Day, which gave Opportunity to a vaft Num- ber of little Janjan Canoos, to bring us Fruits and Rarities of the Country, fuchas Cocoas, Bananas, Ananas, Ramplimoutes *, Monkies, and very cu- rious Birds. I perceived, among others, fome won- derfully-b^autiful Partridges, and fmall Parroquets exceedingly pretty. The Plumage of tliele Birds, like that of fine Parrots, is intermixed with Red and Green ; but they have three or four fmall Fea- thers rifing on their Heads, like thofe of our Pea- cocks, and are but little larger than a Canary-Bird. When I faw the great Number of Indians turning and winding about our Ship, in the hollow of Trees which ferved them as Boats ; when I obferved the furprifing Trees which lined the Shore on each Side; and indeed thele Iflands and Seas, whofe barbarous Names I had read in the Life of St. Francis Xavier ; I then began to find, in earned, that I was got into a New World ; and furveyed with the higheft Pleafure, as far as my Eye could carry, the numberlefs Objeds round me. We failed very happily, and that in a very fliort Time, through the Straits of Java and Banca^ which are two of the moft difficult Courfes in the Voyage to Chinas and we touched at the Ifland * 'M M * I have not .n able to find out the Englijh of this Word. -^ v/';^^-^ /*-^/ err %/L^^A^.Jll^er^*-^» of ' TS. me Provl- the very able Wind, larmed the making to- roud. Im- to get the with leav- Advice of out of the : almoft the vaft Num- Friiits and s. Bananas, id very cu- , fome won- Parroquets tliele Birds, I with Red r fmall Fea- 3f olir Pea- panary-Bird. 'ans turning ow of Trees bferved the ire on each 5eas, whofe Life of St. in earned, id furveyed Eye could a very fhort and Banca^ urfes in the t the Ifland )f this Word. >'-^. of y- ■«'■ I M TRAVELS of ifje Jtisv ITS, 117 oF Polaure *, where we refolved to take fome little Reft. This Ifland is inhabited by Malayans^ who profefs the Mohammedan Religion. They are fab- jed only to a Captain or Leader, whom they them- felves chufe j and form a kind of Republic. The Malayans are Black, but not quite fo dark as thofe of Goree, Moft of them go almoft naked, wear- ing only a Piece of painted Cotton or Taffety, which they throw over them a great number of Ways, in a negligent, but with a good Air. They all wear, at their Girdles, a kind of Da]5gc;r,e to them, as Hats, Shoes, and fume Earthen Ware ; upon which they fell a Laughing, to fignify that they thought us very filly, to imagine they were liable to the fame Wants with us. At laft, one of our Company having fhewed them the head of a large Nail, they inftantly brought fome of their Com- modities in order to purchafe it ; all of them be- ing Bidders on this Occafion. I muft confefs that, during my Stay in this Ifland, I often wifhed -I had the Gift of Tongues, to have an Opportunity of explaining to thefe poor Malayans^ fome Articles of our Religion, if we may form a Judgment of thefe Indians, from the Kindnels they flaowed us, they could eafily be pre- vailed upon to turn Chriftians. They are humane, familiar, fincere, and hearty. Theft is a Thing unknown among thefe People. I frequented them more than any other European, during our Abode in '^J Jcalonfy o 3 a narrow our Sick. brought us fettling the t purchafecl as ufelefs -, e Tools to and Wea- carce want oduces. A from their liree Pieces /ifions ; we nt, feveral they con- Id not even : afterwards which we them, as are ; upon 'f that they were liable Dne of our 1 of a large :heir Com- f them bc- tay in this f Tongues, ' thefe poor on. if we , from the ily be pre- re humane, is a Thing :nted them xir Abode in a TRAVELS of the Jisuits. 119 in that IHand, I accompanying the Sick on Siiorc, a', the Kcqucll of an EngljhmLVU an Enlign, and chief Pilot of our Ship, who had the Scurvy, and repofed grc.it Coiifidcncc in mc. The Governor oi'the liland was fo good as to lodge us both in his Houle. Words could never paint the Fond- nefs which the Children of the Natives expr^fil'd for me; three or f)ur of them fometimes flocking round me \ carelling me as if we had bjen long ac- quainted •, bringing me fmall Prcfents ; and lei ving me as (luidcs whenever I warned to go to my Place. The Governor of the lOand even permitc. d one of cur Father.% and myfelf, to view all the in- terior Parts of the Ifiand ; We !;eing very defirous to fee whether there wc re not fome SimpLs and Phyfical Plants in it, unknown to the Europeans, The Governor's Brother was fo good as to accomr pany us every where. I'his lOand confiils mollly of live or fix Mour.tains, there being but few low- Lands. We every where fee Cocoa- Trees, planted much after the fime manner as Vines in Europe ; and the Settlements are difperfcd up and down. One would conclude, on looking on the liland, and feeing neither Villages nor Towns in it, that it is quite a Defart -, 'ti.s never^helefs vaftly full of Peo- ple, yet none of thofe who appear abroad are mar- ried Women, or Maidens ; thefe, as in tlic reft of Afia., being commonly confined to tiieir Houfcs. We ftaid no longer in Folaure than was necjiraiy for recovering our fick Men, molt of v/hom were cured in a Week. We then ict fiil with a i.\ r Y/i;id-, and, in a fhort Time, got to tlu Shoa's of Parcel^ a dreadful Rock above an hundred Leagues in Length. It has been but too well known for the many Ships, which have been cafl away there in all Times ; an.d extends along the Coafts of Cochin-China. We did noi; think it iafc to come nearer it than vvithii^ I 4 iuur- i ¥) s-n 120 TRAVELS of the ]esv its] fourfcorc or an hundred Leagues. 'Tis {caret pofllblc for thofe who are fhipwrecked on thefe dreadful Rocks to efcape with their Lives •, and we hear but of feven or eight Chineze Sailors who brought News from thence, and that after a fiirprifing Manner. Their Veffel being dafh- ed to Pieces, they (warn to fome very fmall Iflands or Rocks, wjiich, in that Piace, rofe above the Sur- face of the St\i. This was only in Hopes of pro- longing thcii Lives for a few Days, and they expe6l- cd nothing bnt to be ftarved ; however, Providence had an Eye to their Ncceffities, and did not aban- don them in this fad Extremity. Flocks of Birds came and perched on thele Rocks, and were fo tame as to let themfelves be taken by Hand. Nor were they in want of Fifn ; they needing but ^o down to the Foot of their Rocks, where they al- ways met with Oyfters or Crabs. Neccflity, the Mother of all Inventions, had even taught them to make themTelves Cloaths with the Feathers of thofe Birds, on theFlefli of which they fed. Thefe poor People drank the Water which was fent them from Heaven j they, after a Shower of Rain, v-fiting the Cavities of ' the Rocks, and taking it out from them. In this Mariner thi-y fubfifttd eight Years •, and returned to Canton not very long fince. A Ship which was near dafh'd to Pieces on the Shoals of Parcel^ furnifh'd them with Timber for making a kind of Float or Raft ; upon which they, at laft, dared to brave all the Dangers of the Sea ; and they were fo fortunate as to reach the large Ifland of Ainan *, whence they afterwards came hither. After having doubled the Shoals of Parcel^ we imagined ourlclves fccure from all Danger. We had not yet left France five Months ; and were come almoft to the Coaft of China, we being but an * Near China, Hun- iii;i TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 121 Hundred and fifty Ixagnes from Cr.ntcn. There now remained only a little Airing or two as it were •, fo we all congratulated one another on the Sijccefs of our Voyage \ our Pilots declaring, that no other European Siiip hatl ever been favoured with fo quick a Paflage to Cb'mi. But whilll every one of us was computing the Day on which we Ihould arrive at the wifhed-for Port, Heaven was prepa- ring to exercife our Patience, by StoriTis and Tem- pciVs for above four Months ; fo that we were to find inlinite more Difficulty in entring China, than in failing thither. We were about the Gulph of Cochin-China^ when one of thofe dreadful Winds,^which infeft the Seas oi China and Japan, came rulhingupon us. It firft beat down our Bowfprit, and afterwards our Forc- maft, which, flilling with a dreadful Noife into the Sea, carried away all the Sailors who were upon it. This was in the Morning ; when I endeavour- ing to make up (by taking a little Sleep) the Time I had fpent during the whole Night, in afTifling our firfl: Engl'fb Pilot who was breath- ing his lad. The Shock male by the Ship awaked me on a fudden, when immediately I ran to the Place whence the Noife came : But Hea- vens I what a Sight did I behold I an Aflemblage of Mails and Yards floating in a confufed Manner, and which the Waves drove every Inftant on the Sides of our Ship ; Ropes ftill faftened to them, and which the Sailors were cutting away, as quick as polTible, with Axes ; wounded Sailors who were imploring Succour, and btfeeching us to lend them a helping Hand, to free them from the Sails in which they were entangled •, and laftly, the entire Forepart of the Ship ilript of its Rigging and its Aricijc^rs. I at nrft thought that the Prow or Head was (laved, and we were finking to right«, but I happily was miiJ akcn. We drew nine or ten Sailors, 16 r' \ (I i I ;r 122 TRAVELS of f/je jK^ujTSi. half'dcacl our of the Sea •, and two were drowned. \Vc immediately cut away ihc Fails or Ropes of the broken Mafb ♦, and ulcd our utmoil Emlcavours to l^ecp up the Main-mall", which, by the Fail of the two others, had loft its chief Stays. Whilfl; part of the Crew were thus employed, my Brother Miilionaries and I animated luch as were dcfponding through the F.ar of ludden Death. We contVfled them, implored the Allii lance of Heaven ; and exhorted every one to receive, from the Hand of the Creator, either Life or Death, as he might plcafe to ordain. I thought that, in Quality of Chaplain, it behoved me to take more Pains than the reft ; accordingly I ran up and down, exhorting fuch Sailors as were Working, to repent finccrely, and with the dicpeil Contrition, of ail their Sins. The bare mentioning this was fuffici-- cnt; the Sight of imminent Danger making the Arts of Perfuafion lefs necefllirv. Nevcrthelel.s the "Wind, which hitherto had come only in Gulls, now began to attack us with open Force ; and to roar, in all its Fury, through the few Sails which were left us. The Main- top- m aft could not witli- lland its Violence, but fnapt in two, and fell on the Main-fliil ; and we were afraid that, as it flruck up- on it at every fwell of the Sea, it would tear it to Pieces. Then the boklefl: Sailors climbcjd u[) to the Scuttle, to cut the Ropes by which it hung, which coft one Man his Life -, and the Main-lail was lofl, it being tore to pieces, as well as the Mizen-'fei-, fo that we had not one Sail left to help the Ship during the Storm, but only fome Tatters of the Sails and Ropes (lill hanging at the Yards ; and which, rattling againfc the other, made llich a dreadful Noife, as if every Part of the Body of tho Ship had been fliatter'd. The gr.atefl: Danger we were in was occafioned by the failing of the Main- maft; for the Storm was lb furious, that the Main- mail If! TRAVELS of the Jf.sitits. 123 mad fell like the reft, as an hundred Ihongcr Ones miifl: have done. Round the Main-null arc four Pumps, which defcend to the Bf)ttom of the Si:ip. When the Main-mad falls on any of them, it biirlls the Jowcr Part of the Ship, and generally makes iiich a Cavity for the Water to run in ar, as cannot pofTibly be ftopt. Luckily for us, ours foil in fucli a Manner, as if its Fall had been dirct^led. A Moment after, the Pilot's Cabin was carried off by the Wind. In fhort, we met with fouK* new Di- fader every Moment. To pacify the Wrath of Heaven, and procure ourfelves the Protc6tion of the holy Patrons in whom we confided ; I was defircd to offer up two Vows in the Name of the whole Crew. Firfl: for Cantofty with Regard to which ^hey promifcd thar, in Cafe they got fafe thither, to cclebrpte, in Ho- nour of St. Francis Xavier^ a Voti"e Mar<^, a;: which the whole Ship's Company fliould affifi . The other Vow related to France^ with Refped 1 1 vvhich we bound ourfelves, in Cafe of our R'.l rn thither, to fet up, in fome Chapel of the Bleifcd Virgin, a large Pidlure rcprefenting the Storm we had been in *, as an eternal Monument of our Gratitude 5 \i * Ti? well known that this Prafli.e is bonowed from the Antients. In that delightful Ode, entitled Pynha, in Horace^ the Poet fpeaking mttaphorically of his lucky Efcape, from the dellrudlive Blandilhnicnts of ttiat charmmg Deceiver, fays as follows : mc tahu^n facer J'otiia paries tK.'tUr,: uvUa Sufpendijfe potent i Vifil/Kcnta maris Deo. *' My Garmentf in the Fane difplay'J, ** As Trophjes that my Vows are paiJ, ** Own the great Ruler of the Sea, "• Authoi' 0} niv Delivery. Mr. Ho R NECK. and ' li 1' ^f 124" TR AY EIjS of the Jesuits. and to inform Pofbcrity of the Power to which we had Recourfe in fuch imminent Danger. 'Tis not in vain tliat Perfons invoke the Nam^c of the Mother of God, nor that of the great St.Frat^- CIS Xavier, in Seas which their Miracles have made fo famous. No Ship was ever buffeted more during Twenty-four Hours, which was the Time the Storm Jafted, An hundred Times the Billows rufh- ed with fucii Impetuofity againft the Sides of our Ship, that we could exped nothing but her beating to Pieces ; an hundred Times we dreaded the being buried under Mountain-like Waves, which the Winds raifed and broke on our Decks. In fine, ^£was a Miracle, as we were drove along by the Ra- pidity of the Currents and the Fury of the Storm, in ^a Sea filled with Rocks, the Points of which reached almoft to the Surface of the Water, that we did not ftrike upon fome of them. Next to the Mercy and CompafTion of our Saviour, we owe our Deliverance to the Interceflion of the Bleffed Vir- gin, and the Apoftle of the Indies. It being now a Calm, we put up new Sails, Cs?f. which was but a miferable way of refitting our Ship. Neverthelefs we made fliift to advance in our Courfe ; and even ftruck Terror into a Portu- guefe Ship that followed us for fome Time at a Di- ftance y but which did not dare to advance forward, till Ihe found we were not in a Condition to fol- low her. At laft we difcovered Sanchan^ which we would gladly have put into. The Favour which St. Francis Xavier had fo lately indulged us, called upon us to go in Pilgrimage to his Grave. But we had not then an Opportunity to do this, as the Wind was fair; and it was neceflary for us to arrive with all the Diligence polFible at Cantony before the changing of the Mgnfoons. We TRAVELS of the Jesuits.' 125 We advanced as far as the Iflands Ladrones *, at the Mouth of Macao. Had we been favoured with a fair Wind, we might have reached the Port in four Hours -, but we were now (topped by a fudden Calm, and Providence was pleafed to expofe us to frefh Trials. About the Evening we perceived huge Billows rolling Eadward, a Sky all fiery and red with Clouds, an irregular Roaring of the Tide, and the Winds blew only by fudden Gufts, all fatal Prefiiges of an approaching Hurricane. We had fent our Long-boat to a Portiiguefe Ship, in Order to procure a Pilot acquainted with thefc Parts, who might conduct us, as foon as poflible, to fome Har- b; ur belonging to the lOands thereabouts. The Pcrtuguefe Captain fent only this Anfwer, that as foon as he himfclf fliould be got to Macaoy he would fend us one, with Boats to tow us along; af- ter which he went and fheltered himfelf under the rt'iv';hbounng Iflands. Our Ship drew too much Wu.er to lollow him, for which Reafon we refolv- ea to put into Sanchan ; our Pilots being acquainted Willi, and having founded its Coafts, in the preced- ing Voyage. Accordingly next Morning, the Seas and Skies being more tempeftuous than before, we weighed Anchor and put back towards Sanchan, We then could perceive a little of the Sky, but the Wind roared with ftill greater Fury. We now might have furveyed thofe wonderful Swells of the Ocean, mentioned by the Prophet ; it raging with all its Fury in a few Moments. But we were not compoled enough to contemplate the Wonders of fo ur.aJful a Spedacle 5 and *tis in retiediing on it. * Thefe Iflands, which lie in the Entrance of the Gulph of Nucao, are very different from the Iflands Ladrones, which were calied (from the Name of the late Queen oi Spain, Mary Anne 01 ,'1ujlria,] les IJIes Marianei j the Jriiilory of which Was pub- iiflaeU not muny Years fihCc. at 126 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. at this Time, that we cannot forbear praifing arid fearing its Author. The Hurricane made dreadful Havock .both within and without the Ship -, tearing away our Sails like fo many Cobwebs ; our Sail-yards were fnapped to Pieces ; and all our Mafts, which now confifted wholly of Pieces of Wood ill joined together, fell to Pieces every where •, fo that we had no fooner endeavoured tofecureone Part but we were forced to fly to another. The Sailors in the Long-boat called to us for Help. At every Billow which raifed them aloft they imagined themfelves gone ; becaufe the Ship, which went with fuch prodigious Rapidity from the Summit of this Mountain of Water, drag- ged chcm downvv^ards, and that as fwift as Light- ning:, towards the Stern of our Ship. The Officers, ftanding in the Gallery, did all they could to chear them. In the mean Time a gloomy Silence reign- ed every Vvhere ; Fear feemed painted on the Faces of the Ship's Company, and was but too expreflive of the Agonies they felt. 'Tis certain nothing could be more dreadful than to be near the Land, and overtaken by a Storm in fuch a battered Veflel. But the Circumftance which ftruck the greateft Terror was, to find ourfelves near Sanchan^ and yet unable to fnelter ourfelves in any Part of that liland. There are three Bays here to the South. The two firft were too narrow and unfafe ; and at the Entrance of the I'hird there appeared a kind of Range of Rocks, fo that the Pilots were afraid of venturing among them. However, Mr. Dc la Ri- gaudiere^ contrary to the Opinion of every one, imagining that thefe fuppofed Rocks were merely the ebbing of the Tide, obliged us to fail through them boldly ; and, by that Means, procured a Shel- ter which we fliould have fought for elfewhere in We then call Anchor, though we did not think vain. TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 127 mink ourfclves quite out of Danger. We flill con- tinued to tofs during two Nights •, and were not fe- ciire till a Chineze Pilot of Sanchariy made us caft Anchor in Sight of St. Francis Xavier^s Sepulchre. Wc faluted it, at our Arrival, with five Pieces of Canon; and afterwards fang Te Deum, with the Li- tanies of 'ii. holy Apoftie. Father De Fontaneyy drcfied in nis Chineze Habit as Envoy from the Emperor, performed the Koteoo before it, that is the Kneelings and Proftrarions ufcd in China^ when an extraordinary Honour is paid tofome Perfon. This was done in the Prcfence of feveral Chineze of San- chan^ who appeared all in Ecftafy ; and were over- joyed at their pofiefTrng the Sepulchre of a Man who was fo highly venerated by the Europeans. The Danger we had jud efcaped (for our Offi- cers were of Opinion, that the Day we loft our Mafts was not to be compared to it) made Mr. De la Rigaudiere refo've not to hazard any longer our Ship, as our Mafts and Rigging were in fuch a mi- ferable Conr^ition, m fo tempcftuous a Sea. There- upon we held a Council, when it was agreed that father Be Fontinay^ accompanied by the Direftors of the Chineze Trade, fhould go by Land to Canton^ to requeft Aftiftance from the Mandarins j that our People, without waiting till the Ship was got thi- ther, fhould fet about making new Mafts, and work at the Cargo, in Order that fhe might be enabled to return to Europe in January, Father Be Fontaney^ btfore he left us, went and faid Mafs in the Chapel which our Portugttefe Fathers had built, the Year before, over St. Francis Xavier's Grave ; and afterwards embarked for ^anhay^ whi- ther he arrived on St. Laurence^s Day. Fie fent us from that City, which ftands four or five Leagues to the Nor til of Sanchan^ a Galley of Twenty four Oars ; to give us an Opportunity during his Ab- fcnce, ofvifiting whenever we might tliink proper, thQ ix 1 \.M '.a ' '•IS IhS ^ rm. ^ WkWi «>i^ 1'^ m 1 :*li 129 TRAVELS of the ]e^vit%. the Sepulclire of the Apoftle of the, Indies^ there to catch fome Sparks ot a truly Apoflolical Zeal. This we endeavoured to do, during alnioft three Weeks ; for ib long we lay at Anchor here, at two Leagues Diflance from the Sepulchre. We went thither frequently to folemnize Mafs ; and had the Confolation to fee the whole Ships Company flock thither, in Honour of the Saint, and to receive the holy Communion. Tiie Chapel built by the Por- tuguefe Jefuits is pretty enough ; 'tis only of Par- get, a while Lime Plaifter ; but the Chineze have fpread a red and blue Vainifli over it, which has made the In fide very neat and lively. As to the Idand ofSancbaft, it did not appear (b well cultivated, nor fo populous as has been publifhed ; we having had full Leifure to furvey it, both with- in and without, for almoft two Months, during which we coafted about the Neighbourhood there- of. Sanchan is near fifteen Leagues in Circumfe- rence •, and contains three or four Villages, molt of whofe Inhabitants are poor Fifhermen. They fow, round cheir Settlements, a little Rice for their Sub- fiftcnce, which, with Fi(h, is their only Food, They always go a fifhing in Comj^anies j fo that, at a Diftance, their Velfcls appear like a little Fleet. Our Portuguefe Fathers, fince their building the Chapel, have converted fome Inhabitants of the in.ind. The Fathers intend to fettle a MifTion in the City of ^ianba)\ which is but four or five Leagues Diltance, as was before obferved; and whence fuch of our Fathers as may refide there, will make Excurfions to Sanchan^ and the neigh- bouring Illands. Thus they hope that this Place, flmdlified by the Death of the Apoftle of the In- dies, will no longer be prophaned by the Worfliip of Idols, but fuon abound with fervent: Chrif- tians. One TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 129 "One Morning about the End of Aiiguft^ there came three Gallics whereon we faw Streamers, Flags; Standards, Lances, Pikes, Tridents, and particularly large Lanthorns, round which were writ in Chinefe Gharaders, the Titles of the Emperor's Envoy. From amidft a Croud of Rowers, and Chinefe Sol- diers, was heard a Concert of Mufick, compofed of a Coppcr-Bell, and of Cornets or fmall Shawms, which ferv'd as a Bafe to a Fiife and two Flutes of that Country. 'Twas Father De Fontaney, with his whole Retinue of Tagen^ or Envoy from the Em- peror. The Circumftance which gave us the grea- teft Pieafure was, their bringing us new Mafts and Yards, which, though weak, might yet enable us, during the Time that the Main-maft was getting ready, to make the fifty Leagues from Sanchan to Canton. Whilft thefe were putting up. Father De Fontaney- received a Vifit from the Mandarin of ^anbay, which was performed according to the Chinefe Ceremonies j and the Ship's Company went, for the lad Time, and paid their Devotions to the Sepulchre of St. Francis Xavier. That very Evening we weighed Anchor, the three Gallies accompanying us by way of Honour rather than out of Nefcelfity. Father Be Fontaney would have fent them to wait for us at the Mouth of the River of Canton ; but the Currents, the bad Weather, the contrary Winds, and the Storms, not having permitted even the Amphitrite to go a- bove a League from Sanchan^ in the Space of ten Days, he refolved to employ thofe Gallies to carry the Mifllonarics to Canton. The Bufinefs now was ro appoint a Chaplain on board the Amphitrite. As none of the MifTionaries was more vigorous than myfelf -, not to mention that I had adicd as Chap- lain ever fince our Departure from Europe ; Father Be Fontaney left me and Father Ccntancin in the Ship. Accordi/jgly we took leave of our dear K Com- .!■ 'y'v; (' ;|*!f. 130 TRAVELS o/'z/j^ Jesuits. Companions, who embarked with Father De Fon- taney j and arrived happily, in three Days, at Can- ton. As it was not yet the Seafon for the Eaflerly Winds to blow, we were in Hopes that the Amphi- trilc^ by the help of the Tides, might make fluff to reach Canton^ as flie had done the foregoing Voyage -, but (he was not then in fo fliattercd a Con* dition. In the mean Time we exerted the utmoft Efforts of I/abonr and Art. We got every Thing ready for fiiling feveral Times in the Day, on which Occafion we fometimes went forward and often backward •, io that we advanced in three Weeks Time, no farther than Nicooko^ feven or eight Leagues from Sanchan. Mr. Be la Rigaudiere obferving this Voyage to be fo very tedious, wrote to Ccin-o',1^ dcfiring that we might be there met by a Chinefi' Barge, to take on board the Pre- fents fcnt to the Emperor, and likewife the EfFedls belonging to the Chinefe-Com^^iny *. Father Be Fontaney was preparing to comply with Mr. Be la Rigaudiere^ 5 Dciire, wlien there arofe a third Storm, more dreadful than the two preceding Ones, which expofed us to all the Calamities (the being Ship- wrecked excepted) that can poflibly befal Perfons at Sea. I begin to be weary, dear Father, of entertain- ing you with nothing but a Relation of Storms ; for which Reafon I would not mention this, was it not of a very peculiar Sort. What muft be done en this Occafion ? Lam not writing a Romance in v.'hich the Author is at Liberty to divcrfify Adven- tures at Pleafure, merely for the Amufement of his Readers. I am giving an Account of thofe with which it pleafed Heaven to buffet iis ; and would 4iot trouble you with it, was I not fenfible that the * The FretuJj Eajl- India Company, I fuppofe. Affc(^ion Ve Fon- at Can- EafT-erly e Amphi- lake ill I ft "oregoing :d a Con* e utmoft •y Thing Day, on ward and in three feven or Rigaudiere LIS, wrote here met the Pre- le EfFedls 'ather De Vir. De la 'd Storm, ss, which ng Ship- l Perfons entertain- S terms ; s, was it be done mance in Adven- nt of his lofe with d would that the AiTedion TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 13! Affeftion you bear me, makes you defirous of knowing the mod inconfiderable Circumftance of whatever befel me at fo great a Didance. We were then, as I before obferved, feven or eight Leagues to the Eaft of Sancha?!^ oppofite to the Ifland of Nicooko, advancing a hctlc forward every Day, fpite of the contending Winds and Tides ; when a Hur- ricane, or rather one of thofe Storms formed by all the Winds united, which arc ufed to rage in the Sea o^ China, drove us at above forty Leagues Diftance. We had fome Prefliges of the Storm, for which Reafon Mr. De la Rigaudiere would willingly have run the Ship into a tolerable good Harbour, to the North of Nicooko. We had founded it two Days before, when we went to bury our Englijh firft Pilot s but the Chinefe Pilot, who then had the vvhole Di- re^lion of the Ship's Courfe, laughed at U3 for being afraid -, and promifed that on the Morrow a Wind muft fpring up, which would carry us into the Port of Macao. A Captain is forced to rely on the Expe- rience of Coafting Pilots. The pretended Skilful- nefs of this Man hindered our weighing Anchor, but we foon had caufe to repent it. We now had pret- ty good Sea-room, when, about Eleven at Night, there arofe a furious North Wind, accompanied with Rain, which made us chace on our Anchors, and drove us ftill farther from Shore. Every Man on Board was forced to rife out of Bed •, it raining within the Ship as well as wiihout. We prepared, during the Night, every Thing neceflary for ena- bling us to put into fome Port where we might lie fccure -, but in the Morning, it being a very rough Sea, it was impolTible for us to weigh Anchor ; fo that we were forced to cut away the Cable, and leave it. We i:ow had no longer Thoughts of put- ting into the Port of Nicooko^ the Wind blowing from that Quarter ; for which Reafon we relblved K 2 to i fi A 132 HR AY ELS of the Jesuits. to return to our former Station in Sanchan ; but, \n our Paflage thither, our Main-fail was torne •, foon after which our Fore-maft broke, and the Mizzen-- •4tHf fell down. We made all the Diligence poflible to fupply their Places with new Ones -, but the "Winds, in the Seas of Chinas are not like thofe in other Parts. It was impoflible for'usto keep one fingle •Sail up i fo that, at laft, we were obliged to aban- don oLirlelves to the Mercy of the Wind^ and go whitherlbever Providence might drive us. To add to our Calamity, the Sky grew fo black, and the Shower fell fo thick, that we could not fee our Way. We neverthelefs were now got into a Place where there is no Paflage i there being Lands, to which the Winds drove us, on all Sides. But how could wc avoid them, it being fcarce poflible for us to do this, turn which way we wouW. And now Mr. Be la Rigaiidiere ordered a new Main-fail to be put up at all Adventures, to ferve us upon Occafion. We foon fpied Land which did not ap- pear to be above a quarter of a League Difl:ance ; but it proved to be a Clufter of Rocks. The Waves daflicd fo furioufly againfl: thefe, that we thought it would be impoffible for us to get a-fliore upon them •, and yet this was the only Place where we thought we could put into. Every one of the Ship's Company imagined himfelf loft; accordin^^ ly all prepared for D^ath, and nothing was heard but Cries for Succour. Several Perfons confefled themfelves to us ; after which, recommending our- felves to God's Mercy, we ran from Place to Place, to prepare the reft for t!ie laft fad Ilour. W'e were juft loft, being come almoft within Mulket-fliot of a dreadful Rock, at the Point of an Ifland called Ootchew \ we endeavoured to tack about and get clear of ir, waring the Ship by the help of the Main-fiil : but as the Canoo and Long-boat were a Hindrance to this Motion, we cut away their Falls, aftei' f TRAVELS of ibe Jesv ITS, 133 after (living i;he Lives of thofe who were in them. The Main^lail was again tome in fevcral Places ; but there being three or four Gulls of Winds thro' her, this made us chop about, by which Means we got clear of the Point of Ootckew. Afterwards com- ing to the Leeward of that Ifland, we were no longer afraid of it •, but then there was a multitude of others, and this was but the beginning of the Storm. As we could fcarce fee, though it was Noon-day, by Reafon of the Blacknefsot the Sky, and the violent Showers of Rain that fell, we were forced to make Ufe of the founding Line every Moment, in order to find, by the Depth of Water we were in, whether we came near the Iflands or fome Rock. The only Refuge now left us was a large Anchor, which our People intended to throw out, though we Ihould be but in ten or tvvelve Fathom Water ; but all the Anchors in the World are but of little Service in fuch Extremities. We were ftruggling with Winds and Waves, which roared out in all their Fury j and did not know where we were, nor whither v/e were going. All we were certain of was, that sve were among Rocks, and furrounded with Dangers. We again had Re- courfe to the Power who commands the S.as and Winds; and being wholly refigned to whatever Fate he fhould pleafe to allot us, v;e humbly be- foLight him not to be forgetful of his former Mer- cies. After the narrow Efcape we had been indulged '^t Ootchc^i}^ I had made a Vow, at the Requelt and in the Name of the whole Ship'-s Company, to St. Anne of Airay^ a little Town in Eritany ; where that Saint is honoured in a particular Manner by Mariners who have been a long Voyage. They promifed, in Cafe of their return to France^ to w^lk to that Town, and there pay their Devotions in the famous Chapel dedicated to the Saint ia K 3 Queilior 13 Ml Lil 134 TRAVELS of the Jesvits. Qiieflion. Vows of tills kind arc always made with Icars, and ilrong Indications of the dccpcfl Rc- inorfe. Wc had no Occafion to excite the Devo- tion of the Mariners, they fad bcleeching us to go to Prayers. The moll fervent among them bj aight fuch of their Mefs-mates as were newly converted, in order for them to confefs their Sins-, and fomeof them who, for eight or ten Years, had not come near the Lord's Table, and were Catholicks merely out of fecular Views, become lincere Converts, and liave fince led the mod pious Lives. There were then with us two Mifllonaries, Meflieurs Baf- fei and Befnard, belonging to the Foreign Miffions, who happened to be on Board our Ship, when we were lurprized by the Storm near Nicooko, As nei- ther they. Father Contancin^ nor myfelf were to re- turn to France^ we four agreed to make a Vow in Honour of our Guardian Angels *. 'Twas their Feftival on the Morrow. We therefore belbught them to be our Guides in this imminent Danger ; and 'twas certainly owing to their Afliftance, and that of St. Anne of Aiiray^ whofe Aid the Sailors had invoked, that we got clear of it at lall. During the remainder of the Day, and the whole Night following, the Winds and Seas waged furi- ous War. About Midnight, finding not above twcrlve Fathom Water, we threw out the only great Anchor left us. Words could never cxprefs the Violence with which our Ship vvas toll: Figure to yourfclf a furious Lion, who drives to break his Chain, and at laft gets loofe. At five i#i the Morn- ing the Cable, though a new one, broke *, and we found ourfcives more expofed than ever to frefh Dangers. We debated whether it would be better ,1 f * A Guardian Angel is fuppofed to be a Celcflial Being, whom God his appr.inted to vvatcli over every Perlln ; in like manner the Platonijls imagined QStx'j Pcrfon t4 be under tlie Clnduft cf a particular Qaim. to TR A VELS of the Jesuits. 135 to put out to Sea, at the h;i7:inl of being rarricd, by the Currents, toward tlie lllantl of Ahian\ thougii we perceived by our Charts, that this If.and was fnriounded witii Rocks and Sands: or whether we fliould coafl ir, antl run a-[j,round at the firil: (avou- rab'c Place we mirju meet with, to fave our J.ives and Part of the Cargo. Every one was for tho ' latter. In the Morning we dilcovercd Land at a ^ pretty great Dil'tance from u-; ; however, that wc might have an Opportunity of chufmg the Place where we might l)e wrc( kod upon, wc f[)read all our Sails, in order to be the letccr able to ma- nage the Ship ; but mod of them were torne to Pieces ; the Storm no ways ciLcreafing, and not al- lowing us a Moment's Rell. At lad we came in Sight of three Siiorcs, one of which was that of China ; and the others of two craggy, defart Klands. The Bufinefs now wa?, to confider upon which of thefe Places we fliould run a-ground. Thofe who were moll earneti: to fave thcn-ifjives, defircd that we might fleer directly tor the Coall of China ; but the Shi'o could not be laved by this Means, and would infallibly have d.iOicd to Pieces againft the Recks, which appeared in our Courfe thither, within a little more than half a Lc-igue from the Shore. Mr. De la Rigaudiere took a more prudent P^efolution \ he made us tack about to that LQand which prois6ted the flirthert in-, to the Sea; not doubting but we fhould meet, on the back of this Ifland, with a good Shelter and a lit Place for anchoring. Heaven was lb gracious as to check the Fury of the Winds that Inilant. We embraced the favourable Opportunity •, and v/ith only the Sprit-fail, fixed to the Trunk which re- mained (if the Fore-mad, and the Mizen-'frn^, we bore away through the middle of the Canal lying between thefe two Iflands •, founding all the Way, till we might find a Bottom, and a calmer Sea, to K A the 136 TRAVELS o///;/f Jf.su rrs; the Leeward of the lad Iflancl. There we cafl: An- chor with only a pretty imall One. The next Day wc got every Thing ready in order to get more Sea-room; we perceiving, that vviv n the Tide was our, the Rudder almoft dragged, nd had like to have broke by ftriking againft the .'>round. "We did not know whereabouts we werr, and had neither J^ong-boat or Canoo to go upon the Difco- vcry. We fired feveral Cannon to inform the Chir:eze of our Diftrefs, and to let them know how greatly we wanted their Aid. Nothing ap- peared for two Days. However, we imagined we fa\v, with our Telefcopes, all along the Coafl., fine Harbours, walled Cities and Pagods. Having no Long-boat or Canoo to go on Shore with, we made, with Pieces of old Mafts and broken Oars, a kind of Raft. The Building of this was very eafy, and did not take up much Time. As we were making Trial of it, and eflTuying whether it would be pol- fible for us to brave the Rocks and Sea-Monilers in fo rough and mifhapen a Veflel, fome Chmeze Barks appeared. 'Twas the Mandarin of War ^, who, hearing our Guns, fent to enquire who we were. Thefe Chineze informed us, that we were in the Road of ^kn-fay\ that the Ifiand before which we iiad cad. Anchor was called Fan-ki-chan^ or the J (land of Hens 5 fo termed becaufc it was a Cuftom of * In French *tls, le Mandarin d'Arwes, There are nine Or- ders of Mandarins, and of thefe the chief are firft, the Judges in Caufes both Criminal and Civil ; Secondly, Thofe who lu- ptrintend the Treafury and Revenues ; and, Thirdly, Such as command the Militia or Soldiery. Thefe feveral Mandarins, though fubordinate on many Accounts to the Viceroy, are yet a Check upon him. The Name Mandarin was given, by the Portuguejiylo the Eajlern Nobility, called Koan^ or rather Cchen, fignifying, toferve, and be the Miniftf r cf a Prince. The nine Orders of Mandarin:, or Degrees of Nobility, are diftinguiflied by certain Animal?, as Badges. Thefe of the firll Rank have a Stork, the (tcond a Lion, the third an Eagle, 6'V. There ~ ■ are 'i ■ I f TRAVELS offk Jesuits. 137 of the Cbinezer whenever they failed that Way, to li-ave fome Hens on the Itlantl in Qi.ieftion, in ho- nour of an Idol they worfhip, in order tn obtain a favourable Wind. They added, tiiat within a League from thence, up the Country, was the City of ^ten-Pay : That the N.imc of the Maiularin la Qiieftion was Uloo-Jje ; and that he arrived there not long before from Macao, At the Name of Litoo-Jjc wc all fliouted for Joy •, and thanked Providence for being fo gracious, in the I leight of our Calamities, as to put us into the Hands of the beft Friend the Irenrh are favoured with in China, This Nobleman, when Mandarin of War in Macao ^ had fhown them the greateit Kindnefs, and ferved them to the utmofl: of his power 1 which coming to the car of the Company of Cbifia, in France^ they had fent him, by Mr. De h Rigaudiere^ a fine Sabre, as a Prcfent. Mef- fieurs BaJJei and Befnardy who could fpeak the Chineze Language, were deputed to that Mandarin, to requeft him to fend us a good Pilot, who was acquainted with the Coall ; to favour us with Boats to liipply the Place of our own ; with Provifions, our Bifciiit having been fpoiled by the Sea- Water ; and with Lime, to mend our Oven which was beat to Pieces by the rolling of the Ship •, in fine, with Meflengers to carry News of our Arrival to the Di- rectors of Trade in Canion^ as well as to Father Be Fontaney^ all whom we knew would be vaftly uneafy, not to find us either in Nicooko or Sanchan. arc ■ . all Thirty-two or Thirty-three Thoufand Mandarins, in China. There are Literary Mandarins, and Mandarins of War, who all go through various Examinations. The Mandarins are obliged to abftain from certain Pleafures. Almoll the only T>u veriion permitted them, is to fpend fome Time with their Wives, a Pluraliiy of thefe be iug allowed in China. vSince the Tartars have poffefled themlelvesof China, moll of the Tribunals have two Picfidentp, there being but ore formerly, 'vix. the one a C^7'iVJ'-, and the niher a Chinsx!. See Father Le Comte. Litoo-Jfe ' Ai fi'M . I ■S 1 138 TRAVELS <9///j^ Jesuits: Litoo-jje the Mandarin granted ns, in the mofl obliging manner, whatever we requeued. And. in order that he might do our People all the Service poflible i he fent three Gallies to pay iis his Com* pliments, and to offer us liis Houfe in Cafe we thought proper to go on Shore ; but he Ihewed in- finitely more Zeal, when he found that there were magnific-ent Prefents, on board our Ship, for the Emperor. His Head, at Icaft his Fortune would have been in Danger, had thefe happened to have been loft in his Jurifdidlion ; for the Government forms a Judgment in China, more than in any other Country, of the wife Condufl of Perfons in public Employments from their Succefs -, and Mandarins are often puniflied for unhappy Accidents, though not owing to any Fault of theirs. For this Reafon he fent, with all poflible Expedition, Exprefles to the Mandarins, his Superiors ; to the Vice-Roy of Canton ; to the Tfong-too, who is as Governor of two Provinces, as well to receive their Orders, as to difburthen himfeif of part of the Care and Anxie- ty he was under on our Account. Whilft he, in Conjun6tion with them, was concerting Mcafurcs for our Conveniency *, we met with another Misfor- tune, even \i\ the Road of Tien-Pay, which gave both him and us a great deal of Uneafinefs. As the Ifland of Fan-ki-chan had proved an Afy- ]um to us, towards the End of the late fad Storm, we imagined we might winter about it. We had moored our Ship there with only three poor, fmall Anchors left us -, and unrigged our Ship as if we were lying in a fecure Port. We now refolved ro build a little Hofpital, for the Sick, in the Ifland s when God was pleafed again to draw, out of the Treafures of his Wrath, one of thofe furious Hur- ricanes with which we had been bufi^etted more than once. It muft be confefTed, that we were cad down and humbled beneath the powerful Hand of Heaven. i-.ii % ■J*"' \ m : % TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 139 Heaven. Hitherto I had furveyed the feveral TempcUs with a tolerably ierene Eye. The good EfFcd they had wrought on our Ship's Company, by awakening the Remen.brancc ot the whoiefome Couniels, with which we had endeavoured to infpire them during the Voyage, more than paid all the Fatigues I had undergone ; and I exhorted them to fuffer with Patience, in Hopes that Heaven would foon put an End to all our Difafters. But finding the Storm break out again from Time to Time, without fo much as allowing us a Weiks Refpite, I now could only exhort our People to be refigned to the heavenly Will. BufFctted again by this new Tem- pell, our Lives now hung, as it were, by v;eak Cable- Ropes-, thefe fometimes rending in our Sight; fo that we were forced to mend them every half Elour. Had they broke away, as in the lafl: T(,"mpe(l, we did not know where to run a-ground ; for as the Wind blew with dreadful Fury, even from the Ifland of Fan-ki-chan^ we confequent!y were fliut cut from that Coaft; and we mull have periilicd in the midftof the Road o^ 'Tien-Fay -, all that Quarter being full of Shoals and Banks, above a League and half from Land, whence, in all Probability, not a Soul of us would have got alhore. l^lieie Alarms continued above Four and Tv/enty Hours •, and no Day ever appeared fo long to me. The Circum- fiance Vv'hich difturbed me mofl, wa^ not a Senfe of the Danger I myfelf was in ; for Thanks to Provi- dence, the Trials I had undergone had prepared me for every Event; and I really believe 1 could wil- lingly have fufrered Shipwreck, could I, like JonaSy have faved the whole Ship's Company. But I was grieved and afraid, left Heaven fliould not be Pj in- dulgent as to deliver {o many poor Creatures, who had invoked him fo zealouQy •, and that a Ship loaded with the feveral Things necefiary for our MifTion, (■lould be loft in Sight of the Port. I ncvei thjkfs lub- m ' ■ L ■ \ if It U- K, '' f- f 140 TRAVELSoft/je Jesuits. fiibmitted myfelf to whatever Providence might de^ cree, whijch amidft fo many Trials, had not yet quite abandoned us. Whilft we were thus combating againfl the Winds ^nd Waves, LjtQo-Je the Mandarin flood upon the Shore, half dead, for fear left we and the Prefents which had been fent to the Emperor, iliould be buried under the Waves. As foon as the Sky cleared up a little, he went on 'tien-pay Hills,^ whence he furveyed our Motions through a Tele- icope. The inftant he fpied us, he fent out a Vef- fel and a petty Mandarin ; intreating us to come in- to the Port of Tien-pay^ in order to fecure both our-, felves and our Ship. At the fame Time we had difpatched Father De Fontaney^s Sian-kong * to 'Tien- pay^ requeuing that Mandarin to fend us VefTels j the Council having refolved to caft Anchor before the Ifland of Fan-ki-chan \ and even to convey as much of the Ship's Cargo as pofllble to Tien-pay. For this Purpofe Litoo-Jfe got together al! tiie Vef- fels, Gailies, Barges, and Fifliing-Boats, he could find in the Port of Tien pay ^ and fent them to us. We were furprized at feeing this little Fleet come fo fpeedily to our AfTillance. The firft Qjeftion we afked the Chineze Pilots was, whether the Amphi- trite ^ as flie drew; feventeen Foot Water, could enter the Port. They anfwered that Ihe could not, ex- cept at the New or Full Moon, at which Times the Tide runs very high -, that, at the Entrance of the Port, there was a Bar, where we often meet with only fifteen Foot Water ; but tliat the high Tides fome- timesrife to twenty Foot there. Unhappily the high Tide was not expoSlcd till ten Days alter •, and we were told that in five Days, we h.id great Reafon to fear as violent a Storm as the foregoing. Hence we were determined not to lofe a Moment's 'i'ime ; One t^-ho fer vc.< hint as CatecJAft^ but ^K TP. AVELS of tbe Jesvits. 141 but to make Ufe of the Mandarin Ldtoo-jft's Boats for carrying our Goods on Shore. Juft as we were taking the Bales out of the Hokl, there happened an Infurredion among the Ship's Crew, who abfolutely rcfufed to proceed with the unlading. As t!ie Sailors had been very much fright- ed in the lall Storm, they were greatly difgufted to find that more Care was taken of the Goods than of their Lives. They were afraid that, after the Ship jfhould be unloaded, no Scruple would be made to take them out to Sea again ; and for that Reafon they refolved not to permit any of the Goods to be carried out. This Infurredlion difcon- certcd us not a little -, and would have been attend- ed with fatal Confequences -, had not Mr. l^e la lii- gmdiere^s Prudence and Authority, appeafcd it on a fudden. In the mean Time the Bales were lying on Deck, ready to be put into Chineze Boats, which lay round the Ship i and the Ship's Crew were quieted, v/hen we met with a frelh Difafter, a pro- digious Showf^r of Rain falling, which obliged us to put all the Goods back again into the Hold ; for as we had not yet Time to build a Warehoufe, the Goods would have been ail fpoiled had they been landed. One would liave thought thnt Heaven took ?. Pleafure in exercifing our Patience, as it thus de- feated all our Dcfigns one afttr ^nociier. Our Peo- ple went and took a view of the Chinezs Barges, to fee whether thL7 could not carry a few (.Toods to Tien-pay, but found that the Scuttles wtre too nar- row for Bales of European Goods, fo that we were obliged to fend back thofe VelTels empty. We then kept the fmall Filliing-boats, in order that thefe might carry tlie next Day, the fevcral Bales fingly to Fan-ki-chan^ where that very Evening our People went and built a Shed, for fecuring them: but in the Niglit the Firtiermcn, to whoHi great Store ■i« ■ ,«. niif '■'■> If . .(' I I : 142 TRAVELS ^//j^ Jesuits. Store of Provifions had been given, calling to mind that their Families, v/ho \ubf\i\ entirely by Fill^inc, mif/ht be flarvcd in their Abfence, went away, and never came back. Thus were we forced to prepare for encountring, in this Situation, the fifth Storm with which we had been thrcatned. We indeed were under terrible Apprchenfions on that Account •, and it rofe v/ith as much Fury as the for- mer one, but. Thanks to Providcnc?, it was of fliort D.iration •, and here, Fleaven be praifed, all our Evils ended. All we now wanted was, to hear from Father De Fontam.\\ v/c having dilpatchtd feveral Meflen- gers to him to Canton and Sh^anhay ; and Meflleurs Bcjjct and Ecfnnrd^ witli Mr. Oury^ our fecond Cap- tain, v/ere let out thither, to inform him of our Misfortunes and Wants. During this the Father himfelf was roving from Ifland to liland, expofcd to tlie greatc ii Dangers, and extremely uneafy, as he fiill miffed of what he fought ; and could not find even fo much as the Wrecks of the Long-boat or the Canoo, v/hich we had quitted near Sanchan. In the mean Time the Hoopoo^ or Mandarin of the Cuftonis, who was come from Canton to Tien-pay^ as his Duty required, informed us that Father Pe- liJjGn the Superiour of our Houie in Canton^ had fet our, by Sea, from that City, at the fame Time with him, in order to take in Charge, in Father De Fontenay'*^ Name, of the Prefents fent to the Emperor ; and that we, during this Interval, might fend fome Pcrfon to him, to treat about the Cu- iioms of the Goods. We thought it furprifing that People who came to perplex us, fliould find us out fooner than th(.»1e who were feeking us, in order to do. us Service *. * Mcthinks there \va^- nothing vfry farpr^fmg in this ; \ien leipg g'.'n^ra)!y UiOre Kagie tvtd and .jdiii,*, vvi*ca Intercilis the Spur, tnau wiitn. Huniunuy jj tiie Moavti. At TRAVELS of the Jesuits." 143 At lafl, one Sunday Evening, we faw two Gallies Hcering, as we imagined, towards 'Tien-pay. Pre- fently after we perceived that they were making up to us, when taking up a Telefcope, we fpied a FJag which at firft fecmed White, but afterwards appeared Yellow •, and, laftly, wc could perceive large Chineze Charaders painted on it -, this was the Tagen. A VefiTel which had been fent put upon the Difcovery, cried aloud, that our Directors of Canton^ with Fathers De Fontaney and PelilJon, were on Board. Immediately the Soldiers put themfelves under Arms, and prepared to lire the Cannon. We were overjoyed at the Arrival of thefe Friends, and embraced one another with Joy. They had brought us Mafls and Rcfrelhments. But now the Chf'nefe befought us not to let the Cannon be fired, till they, and their Gallies, were got at a great Di- flance from us. We refitted, with all poffible DiA patch, our Ship with Mafts, in order that flie might foon get into Tien-pay, The Port is fpaci- ous, but we met every where with Sands, which are either covered or bare as the Tide comes in or out ; and there is fcarce Depth of Water enough for the Cbineze Gallies. There is only a pretty narrow Baftm, with fix or feven Fathom Water; but to get to it, we muft go over, as I obferved before, a B.ii which has but three Foot Water. However, we ( ame near it at the New Moon, in Hop' ^ r>f getting over it, as the Tides were high 5 but the W^ind happened to be contrary. The Mandarins of T'ien-pay came thither in or- der to vifit Father De Fontaney. They were treated with the greateft Honours and Civilities \ and in jpiuticular with the firing of our Guns by way of IS.ilute. Grieved that it was not pofiible for us to • omc into their Port, they informed us of another . ''-out Iwenty-five Leagues beluw tliat Place; and ic Chintzc I'ilots being afked feveral Qaeflions concerning V. 'l li ■*-■ IH, . :, ..'-if » r «: ;;! ■'.ill h ■■ 144 TRAVELS of fk]EsviTs: concerning it, anfwercd it was a very fine One, upon which we fentoneof our Pilots with them, in order to found it. Neverthelefs we returned and caft Anchor at Fan-ki-chan.^ where Father Be Fon- taney caufcd the Imperial Prefents to be carried to 'Tien-pay^ on Board a Galley whicli he had brought from Canton for that Purpofe. He had P'^rced with the Mandarins that they fhould be conveyed by Land \ the Tfong-teo having even requefted this as a Favour, and oiFered to pay all Charges on that Oc- cafion. Orders were iffucd to mend the High- ways; and to get ready the Cong-koen^ or Houfes in which the Mandarins lodge whenever they travel. The Hoopoo knowing that Father Be Fontaney was in ^ien-pay^ left it as quick as polTible, and only lent his Officers on Board the Amphitrite^ to fearcli it ; but not the leaft Regard was paid to them. Our People were proud of the Prefents they carried for the Emperor; and did not doubt but that they, on this Account, would be exempted from all Duties, and freed from tlie troublefuaie rapacious Hoopoo. Whilft the Mandarins were giving Orders for covering with Straw-bands, in Tien-pay^ the Bales wherein were the Prefents defigned for the Empe- ror -, fo that they might be in a Condition to be car- ried without damaging by Porters on Bamboo Poles; Father Be Fontaney came on Boai-d, to bid farewel to his Friends, and take me with him. Fa- ther Contancin was then appointed Chaplain to the Ship ; however, he and I had fome Conted, con- cerning which of us fliould continue in the Ship; but as he is cjf a Frame of Mind, not to yield to any PcAion in Suffering, Father Be Fontaney ended the Diipute in his Favour. 'Tvvas on the 12th of Novemher 1701, that I firft fet Foot in China^ after eight Moiiths failing in the Manner defcribed above. Figure to youri'elf, dear Father, the Extafy I felt to find n^yfelf in a Country which, during upwards of eight ^**.-^SA.*^. TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 145 eight Years, I had longed to vifit. I did not re- gret the many Difafters I had met with in the Voy- age; but befought the Lord to continue to treat me, as he has done in every Age, his Apoftles and the Preachers of his GofpeJ ; all who fct up his Crofs with moft Chearfulnels, in thofe Places where they met widi the grcatefl Oppofitions and Sufferings. The very Day I came to 'Tien-pay^ it was necef- fary for me to become a Chineze in every Refpc6V. Accordingly I affumed the Name and Drefs of one ; the Chineze not being able even to pronounce the European Names. All the MilTionaries and Mer- chants are even obliged, at their Arrival, to borrow the Name of fome Chineze Family, and I am called Tan-chan-hien, The Ufages and Cuftoms of this Empire are fb different from ours, that an European muft quite new mould himfelf, as it were, in order to become a perfeft Chineze, The Mandarins of I'ien-pay received us in a Cong-hen^ where we were entertained, that very Evening, after the Chineze Fa- fhion. The Banquet confifted of a Profufion of Viands and Ragoos, which I will fuppofe to be excellent-, however, fuch of my Countrymen as were he Guefts on that Occafion, did not feem very well fatisfied with them *. Thofe Perfons who feek nothing I III * The Chineze not only eat of all Sorts of Fledi, Fi(h and Fowl, as the Europeans^ but even Horfe-Flelh ; and will not fcru- ple to feed upon Dogs, Cats, Snakes, Frogs, ifjc ; but their ufual Food is Rice and Garden-Stuff. They likewife have Broths and Scops. They boil, fry and dry their Fifti ; and ufe neither Knife, Fork, Spoon, or Cioth ; but employ two little round wood- en Sticks, and with thefe they take up their Me.it very dexrerouily They fup in their Broth, Ci^V. by taking up the Cup to their Mouths. Tiiey u!e high Chairs and 1 ables. Jn their Entertainments every Perfon has generally a liitle Table to himfelf. Their chief Liquor is Tea. Their two principal Ilrong Liquors are, Hocklhe^jjS^^'^ to be made of Wheat infuf;.'d in fcaldinjv hot Wa- ter; and S/?ar;//^eiv, a Sprit diiVilied from Rice. 1'hey com- monly eat their Meats col J, and their Liquyr^ hoc, A vvhim- L fcal im "'■b'l '1 1; ■ I i' ' .1 I' 146 T R A V E L S c/ the Jksuits. nothing but Variety in Difhes, might here gratify their Palates fufficiently, there being upwards ot' forty different Sorts. Mr. De la Rigaudiere^ who came and condudted lis thus far, was defirous of re- gahng the Mandarins in his Turn, after the Euro- pean manner •, but all thd Bales being ready, as well as the Porters and Soldiers who were to efcort them, it was thought proper to lofe no longer Time. Accordingly two Mandarins of the Tfong-too came next Day in order to regulate the March, and dire6t the Convoy of the Emperor's Bales. Oa every one of the Bales was fixed a little Yellow Stand- ard, with aninfcription to bid the People reverence it, as they pall along. The Porters were obliged to give in their Names in Writing, and fome Pcrfon was ever bound for them ; a Soldier always walked on one Side, and the Captain was to be anfwerable for his r:ir fical Circumftance is, a Perfon is appointed to beat Time, that all may handle their Sticks, and carry the Meat to their Mouths together. The Entertainment opens with drinking of Sham- ^jeivt and tJ»en a Difh of Meat is ferved up to every Table. The Signal being given, the two Sticks are taken up and fiou- riflied, then they ftrike them into the Difh and carry a piece of Meat to their Mouths, all ©f them moving together, which is rec- koned very polite j as, on the contrary, the being before- hand, or too late after the reft, is confidered as a great Incivility. After eating a mouthful or two of every Dilh, they drink or rather lip a little Liquor ; there being fometimes twenty Difhes ferved up. No Man is forced to drink more than he pleaisf, but is obliged to make all the Flourifhes and Paufes with the reft of the Company. They often fit filent at Table above three Jiours. Next they r'fe up, take a little Turn, and return to the i)efert, compofed of Sweetmeats, drV. which they drink with their 'I'ea. The Chineze frequently invite one anothcf to leaft"^, on which Occafions they difcover mutual Teftimonics of Elleeni ; but the Ceremonies are fo troublefome on this Occafion, that they can't fail tf being a great Conflraint to an Europeav. They have two kinds of T'calt?, the one common, at wliich there are twelve or fixtccn J)inies i the other cxtr ordinary, when theie are 7 weiity-four on each Table. A valt deal of Ceremony is 'ffrd by tho AialU'r, at the placing of the firit Guclt. The Tabli-s thi nc. Tfong'too pch, and Ics. On w Stand- srence it, i to give rfon was liked on :rable for his Time, that [leir Mouths r of Shattt' 'ery Table. p and flou- a piece of lich is rec- efore-hand, ity. After or rather Ihes ferved lies, but is the reft of hove three eturn to the diinlc with r to I'eal^, of Elleeni ; cafion, that pea)!. They h there are wlien theie x'remony is licit. The Tabks TR A VELS o/*//;^ Jesuits. 147 his Condiid. Befides, the Mandarins and their Of- ficers formed a JittJe flying Squadron, and took Care not to let the ProcefTion go out of the High- way. Whatever belongs to the Emperor is looked upon as mod facred ; and even the Icafl: Trifle of his is treated vith Reverence, and preferved with Care. I admired the Order in our March, there being four hundred Men of us, including the Tagen and his Attendants. Thefe are a Ibrt of Kettle- drummers, Trumpeters, Players on Cornets or Siiawmsi Criers, Umbrello-carriers, and Stan- dards i Lacquies ; Officers, whofe Employment is to chaftife the Gjilty, ^c. The Tagen was carried in a Palankin or Sedan •, we march- ing before him, in Quality of his Laoyas *. This Nvas the manner in which we fet out from Tien-pay^ and travelled to Canton, Tables ftand in two Lines ; and during the Entertainment, a Play is aded, between the two Ranges of Tables. Thefe FeaUs kll about four or five Hours ; they begin always near the Even- ing, or in the Night, and are not ended till Midnight, when the Company feparate^ Such Ladies as are defirous of feeing the Play, are placed out of the Hall, oppofite to the Comedians, where, looking through a Lattice of Bamboo, and a kind ol" Silk Net, they fee and hear every Thing that paflcs, unper- ceived. As all the Guefts are obliged to talte of every Thing ; and as a great deal of Ceremony is ufed on thefe Occafions, it confequently muft be very troubiefome to an European^ and efpecially to a Frenchman, there being no Country, (I believe) where fo little Ceremony is ufed at Table, as among the French ;) for which Reafon I am not furprized, that Father lachard fhould be tired at one of the Chlneze Fearts. As the Tartars are not fond of Ceremony, they have wifely retrenched a great many of thefe Ceremonies. At the Conclufion of thefe Ban- quets, fuch Servants as wait on their Mailers, walk before their Chairs, carrying large Lanthorns made of oiled Paper, on which their Mailer's C^ality, and fometimes his Name, is expreffed ia large Characters. The next Morning, every one of the Gueils fends a Letter of Thanks for the fpVndid I'.nrertsiament. * 7hc/i; «;-^ Chincze Literati, of the f.rji Order, ^0:^.' attend on the Maniia'ini in certain public SoltfurJtia, 1. ?. Upon ■•t.\m. 1: %:, it liiJi ;l ■, O :!i ■:S.- I » ti IJ V \) M li i l( J48 TRAVELS of t/:e Jesuits. Upon our Arrival at Tun-cbutn-yen, which Is a very pretty City, wc imagined it was emptied of all irs Inhabitants, fuch prodif^iuus Numbers lined the Way on each Side. The People feemed in Raptures, as they gazed upon us; overjoyed, in all Probability, at their feeing, for the firft Time, an European Tagen^ and Men with longer Beards than thofe commonly worn in China, A Circumftance, which furprized me, was, my obferving that there was not even the Jcaft Tumult j hui the dcepeft Si- lence reigned amidft fuch a numberlefs Multitude of People who were aflembled ; though I could not perceive that there was one civi' Ohicer to keep them in Order. Bat this is the Edcdt of tl ■ Re- fervednefs and Modefty ot the Chine ^ Educ tion; not to mention, as I obfervcd before, the pi( found Awe with which the Sight of every Thing I .long- ing to the Emperor infpircs them. The Mandarin of Tan-chuin-yen, who, the Night before, had lent a Supper ready prepared, at the Diftance of more than fix Leagues from the City where he refidcd, paid us all imaginable Civilities at our Arrival, and loaded us with Prefents. We then were lodged in a m.agnificent Cong-koen, We pafTed three Courts hf^Ibre we came to the Apartment ot the Tagen and the Laoyas. The Site of thefe Houfes is general- ly almoft South ; I fay almoft; it being enadled by the Laws of the Empire, that they fliall deviate a little from that Point -, the Emperor's Palace only being allowed to face that Quarter diredly. From Tan-chuin-yen we came to Ho-tcheu. In the way we were greatly furprized to n^ -c with certain Rocks of a vaft Height, and in tiie Form of a large fquare Tower, Handing in the midftof a very wide-extended Plain. A Spectator is puzzled to think how they got there *, unlefs it can be * Tbffe ptii one in mind of t^e famous Stone hcnge, not far fuppoiccl I TS. which IS a emptied of I nbers Hned feemed in Dyed, in all I Time, an Beards than rcLimftancc, r that there deepeft Si- j Multitude I could not ;er to keep of tl : Re- Educ tion ; le pi < found ling I -long- le Mandarin )re5 had lent ice of more he refidcd. Arrival, and te lodged in three Courts le I'agen and is general- enabled by all deviate a Palace only aiy. ycu. In the with certain Form of a 1(1 of a very puzzled to it can be l.cnge, not far fupporcd TRAVELS ^//jr Jesuits. 149 fiippofcd that they were formerly Mountains ; and that the Waters from Heaven having by infenfiblc Degrees funk the Earth, round thofe Bodies of Rocks, at lall, by length of Time, made them emerge as it were, and appear above Ground in the manner they do. A Circumflance which ftrength- ens this Conjeflure is, fome of thefe Stones towards the Bottom are ftill furrounded with Earth to a certain Height. We meet in this Province with very beautiful Marble, which is employed for building Bridges \ and for filling up Holes, without which the Ways would be impaffable. A very poor Bonze having not long fince repaired in the manner I am fpeak- ifig, one of thefe Roads, whc, a Rivulet formed an ugly Bog or Marfh ; the Tc*^ iony he gave on this Occafion of his public Spirit, excited the Benevo- knee of charitable Pcrfons to fuch a Degree, that he is now rich enough to build a fine Bridge, and a Bonze-houfe clofe to it. Spying at a Diltance the huge Pieces of Marble he had got together in this Valley, I imagined, feeing fuch a prodigious Quan- tity of Materials, that he intended to build a Pa* lace. The Marble is extremely beautiful ; and fome of it, which is thrown down in the Road, is already fmoothed by the Feet of the Paffengers. At Ilo-tchett^ the little Land Army which efcort- ed us, was now changed into a Fleet, all the Bales being put on Board nine Barks or Veflels. Four others were given us ; one ftored with our Provi- fions, and thisferved us as our Kitchen •, a fecond was for the Mufic, and the Players on Inftruments ; a third for the Soldiers who efcorted us ; and a fourth for ourfelves. All along the River at a League Diftance, were Guard-houfes ; the Soldiers draw- ing up in two Lines the Infrant they faw us, tho* at ever fo great a Diftance •, and faluting us with a Volky of their Small-Arms, our Flutes giving the L i Sio;r.aJ, I , , t-^' I .■ ;:, % .^. ^ '^^^ ^ 0-- ^^ ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k A J Z if 1.0 I.I A£|28 |2.5 1^ •a fii lU y^ -^ i^ IL2I IIIIIM 11.6 <^ /a m Photogr^hic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ■% m 1 ii r- !l 1 50 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. Signal. Their manner of firing on this Occafion Is different from ours. Inftead of taking up their Muflf which e Tfong- Voyage, rd us all .grec^abiy Purpofe Arrival. Manda- ?fe Occa- ing bet- in our is com- fo thick NUy and 'tis TRA V ELS of the Jesuits. 151 'tis here, that an European begins to form to him- th( To the left Beauties was Kian-men^ a Village famous for its Length, it being upwards of five Leagues long •, and in it are near two hundred fquare Towers, which in War- Time, are garrifoned with Soldiers for the Defence of rlie Inhabitants. We pafs one End of the Vil- lage of Fo-chan^ which, though not fo large as the other, is yet faid to contain a Million of Souls *. On the River only are above live thoufand VefTels, all of which are as long as our biggeft Ships -, and every Vcffel is inhabited by a whole Family, with not only the Children, but the Grand-Children. I omit to mention a numberlefs Multitude of Fifhing- boats and Canoos, employed in carrying Perfons from one Shore to another ; there being no Bridges on thefe great Rivers. In the Fields, on little Hil- locks near the Villages, are a vaft Number of Se- pulchres, in the Form of fo many Mounds of Earth, terminating in a Point with a large Urn on tiie Summit. I am of Opinion that it will not be pofTible for many Perfons to be buried in this man- ner-, otherwile, as much room will be wanting to hold the dead, as to- lodge the living. In fine, th(i 25th of November we arrived in Can- ton. This is not a Citv but a World, where Feo- pie of all Nations are fccn. Its Situation is as won- derful ; it being watered by a great River, whofe Canals flow into Icveral Provinces *, and 'tis faid to be larger than Paris. The Houfes of Canton are not magnificent outwardly •, the moft fplendid E- dificc in it hi{\\Yy the Church which Father 7«r- cotti the J.fuic built there two or three Years fince-. The Heathens complaining of this to the Viceroy, as an Infult on their Houfes and Pagods •, the Vice- roy, who is one of the moft fagacious Magiitrates * The Fa:' if is pn-bcps mijiaken here^ though fotne Pet-fitkS L 4 of ■ft IP i'ffW ■J i'lji '.; 1 ■■• ! ii 152 TRAVELS o/'/fo Jesuits. of China, fpoke thus ; How could I pretend to pull down, in Canton, a Church dedicated to the Gcd of Heaven \ fince the Emperor is building onejlill more magnificent, in his Honour, in his own Palnce in Pe- king? And indeed, we are told Inre, that this great Prince (hews daily more and more Kindnefs to the Chriftian Religion. He had given the Je- fuits, before he fent Father Be Fontaney into France,^, Jarge Piece of Ground in his Palace, in order for them to build a Church to the true God •, and has fince favoured them with Money and Marble for that Purpofe. How great a Confolation would it be, fliould this Prince himfelf at laft acknowledge and adore him in Concert with us ! This Edifice is built in the European Tafte j and Brother De Belle- z'ille, a Jcliiit, a very able Architedl, had the Di- rcdlion of the whole. Several more Chriftian Churches will foonbe raifed in thefe Provinces-, and our great Monarch will be the Founder of them all ; he having given Father De Fontaney, in this laft Voyage, Monies fufficient for building four ; and has promifed when thefe are finifhed, to furnifti the Sums neceflary for raifing others. It were to be wifhed that all the Princes of Chriftendom would, in Imitation of Lewis XIV. be equally pious, in thus building Chriftian Churches in Heathen Countries. With regard to us, we ftiall take the utmoft Pains and Care to fill, with all convenient Speed, Churches with fervent Chriftians. I know not yet in what Part of China m.y Miftion may be fixed. We fhall fet out, three Days hence, with Father Be Fonta- ney, who intends to fettle us in different Places. Some of us will ftop in thofe Cities, where Houfes are already allov;ed us ', and others will proceed to Nankin, in order to eftablifti a Seminary there. Thither luch Mifl'ionarie.sas come from Europe, will be immediately difpatched, in order for them to Icani and fttidy the Chimze Language and Books. Nine to pull the Gcd ■ill more in Pe- bat this Lindncls the Je- France^?L der for ind has •ble for /oil Id it )wledge diBce is )e Belle- the Di- Ihriftian es', and lem all ; his laft r •, and lifh the ; to be ould,in in thus ntries. ft Pains hurches n what Vt fhail Fonta- Places. Houfes cccd to there. )pe, will lem to oks. Nine ■ A '-.3 ^1 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 153 Nine of us with Father De Fontaney^ came as MifTionaries into China •, and there have been fince added to us. Fathers Hervieu, Noelas, Melons and Chomely who came by way of India. Father De la Fontaine was to be the fifth, and I had agreed to meet him in Canton -y but finuing a Miflion in Madura^ he preferred it to that of China^ as having lefs Oc- cafion for him. As foon as I fliall be a little bet- ter acquainted with the Country, you fliall have fome Account of it. 'Tis enougli that I have been able to give you a Relation of my Voyage. I have fent the prefent Letter by an Englifi Ship, the Am^ phitrite not being able to fail for Europe till within a Twelvemonth ; but I will write to you at large, as foon as (he purpofes to return thither. I recom- mend myfelf to your Prayers, and am with due Gratitude and Relped, Ilonctured Sir^ Tours^ Sec, Father De Chavagnac, GOBIEN. De Tartre. to Father La Cbo-tcheu, Decemh. 30, 1701. Reverend Father ^ YO U was pleafed to defire me, at my leaving France, to defcribe the Qualities requifite to a MilTionary, who comes into the Eaft. Poflibly I may one Day be enabled to inform you more accu- rately than I can do at prefent. However, having converfed, during my three Months abode in thefe Parts, with MilTionaries of various Orders, I be- lieve it will be poQible for me to point out the mod eiTential '!^•^ 1^4 TRAVELS of tbe Jesuits. eflential Charaflcrifticks, with regard to the Article in Qiicrtion. Firjl, Perfons are required, who have formed the ftrongeft Refolution to fuffer all Things for Chrift's fake i and to become new Men, as it were, not on- ly as they mud change their Climate, their Drels, and their Food ; but dill more, as they mufl: prac- tife Manners, the very reverfe of thofe of our 'Countrymen the French, That Man who has not this Talent, or will not endeavour to acquire it, fhould lay afide all Thoughts of coming to China. Thofe alio are unfit who are not Matters of their Temper ; for a Man of a hafly Turn would fome- times make dreadful Havock here. The Genius of the Chmeze requires Men to be Mafters of their Paflions j and efpecially of a certain turbulent A6ti- vity, which is for bearing down every Thing. A Cbineze has not Abilities to comprehend, in a Month, what a Frenchman can inform him of in an Hour. He muft bear patiently with that Indolence and Slownefs of Apprehenfion which is natural to them •, mufl: boldly inculcate the Truths of Reli- gion to a Nation, who (land in fear of no one but ihe Emperor ; whofe only Thirft is that of Money, and who confequently are wholly indifferent with regard to all Things relating to Eternity. Every Miflionary who is not infpired with the ftrongeft Spirit of Patience and Moderation, is put to the jnoft fevere Trial. The Difficulty of the Chineze Language, and Its Charadlers, requires alfo a Perfon who delights in Study, though he finds nothing pleafing in it, ex- cept the Hopes that he may one Day employ it fuc- celsfully to the .Glory of God. As he always has an Opportunity of learning fomcthing on thefe Oc- cafions, he confequently may fpend a great Part of his Time this way, and he muft accuftom himfeif perpetually to fliifc from Aclion to Study, and from Article Tied the ChrilVs not on- • Drels, ft prac- of our has not luire it, China. af their d fome- enius of of their It A6ti- ng. A 1, in a )f in an idolence tural to )f Reli- )ne but Money, 16 with Every Tongeft to the and its yhts in it, ex- ^ it fuc- ays has efe Oc- IPart of himfeif y, and from \ TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 15^ From Study to his Miniflerial Fun(5l:ions. Farther, *tis well known that the Ckinczc boaft their being the moft civilized, and moll: accompliflied People upon Earth ; but an European can fcarce conceive how difficult it is for a Foreigner to acquire the Chineze Politenefs. The Ceremonial of this Coun- try is furprifingly fatiguing to a Frenchman^ it be- ing one Bufinefs to acquire the Theory of ir, and another to put it in Pradicc. In proportion as a Perfon excels in the European Sciences, the more likely it is for him to ingratiate himfeif with the Nation in Queftion (particularly with their great Men) who have Foreigners in the utmoft Con- tempt. Thus you perceive, reverend Father, how abfolutely ncceflary it is for a Perfon to have the ftrongeft Command over his PafTions, in thefe Mif- fions more than in any other. I omit to mention the Chriftian and Religious Virtues he ought to pof- fefs: v/ithout thefe it is impofTible for any Man, cither here or in any other Country, to fave his own Soul, or to make any confidcrable Progrefs in the Con- verfion of others *. I was lately told by two French- * If the above-mentioned PiiTlure given of a good Jefuit-Mif- Jlonary, was juflly drawn from all, they would be a moll valuable Sett of Men. Here I'ollows a Contrail: to it. '• T)ou HertianJo " Guerrero^ ArchbiOicp of Manila, in the Philippine Iflands, having aflcnibled the Superiors of the Religious Houfcs, and fuch learned Pcrfons as were in the greatelt Efteem in the Archiepifcopal City, in order to confultf them concerning a Point which troubled his Confcience, wiz. the Jcfuits of that *' Country proaciiing and confefTing without leave from the Or- *' dinan ; ih.c Relbkition of that Afl'emblv, w:»ich was held fe- " veial limeson tliis Account, was, that it was incumbent oa " the ArchbiiJicp to ask the jefuiis by what Authority they ex- *' trci'cd thefe f ur,6tion''. According'y he put this Quellion to " tiifm, hut the only Anfwer he could get was, that they had a *' a Privilege lor lo doing ; whicii not contenting the Arch- *' bifhop, lie rcc|'ilrcd them to Ihev,-, according to Law, by what *' Autiiority they had cxercifed fuch a Jurii'didion ; and iiiliilcj " that tlicy uiould produce their Privihgcs, However the Je- •* fuits 1 4 ?il V \ i! ;ii !i': efign in lich there klorning. Law ; mimated o banifh eing told lopal Pa- K'ax-Ta- If in his eep the anny of ; Gover- anded a ed, and ut of the Provin- teiling to vc- t < I TRAVELS of tJje Jesuits. 157 and contradift this Order, and caufe the Church to be pulled down ; What would you have me do ? re- plied the Prince ? / daily receive mojl confiderahle Ser^ vices from thefe Foreigners : and I don*t know in what manner to reward them. They refufe Employments of every kind., and will not accept of Money. They are affehed with nothing but what relates to their Religion ; and as this is the only Article in which I have an Op- portunity of doing them Service^ I will hear no more of this Matter. We it (< (« t< t* «( << it <( << «( (( «( (( iolent Lengths they were ordered to go, and knowing that he would be (hot in Cafe he refufed to obey the Governor's Orders, drew his Sword and fell upon it, faying, that he chofe rather to lay violent liunds upon himfelf, than participate with Chrifiiam in fuch Outrages. '* The Prelate being kept fo long (landing, in hi Pontifical Veftment', grew at lall ib weak, by Reafon of his c reat Age and Infirmities, that yielding now to Necefllty, as well as to the Advice or the molt lage Friars, who obferved that it would be finful in him to die in that manner, he fet down the Hort ; when immediately the Serjeant Major, at the head of the Soldiers, thrulling him into a Coach, drove out of the City, and then put him into a pitiful fm.ill Veflcl, unprovided with all Things j and without permitting any good Chrijiians^ to carry him the lealt Saftenance, or fo much as one of his * How ridiculous was it for thofe Soldiers, to imagine there was lei's Guilt in injuring the Prelate, when the Pyx wai in his Hand, than when he had laid it down. ** Servants 14 158 TRAVELS c///;r Jesuits; We are now labouring at the Converfion of a T^r- tariaft Officer, who was prevailed upon by an Acci- dent which refleds great Honour on the Chrijiian Religion, to get himielf inftru(5led in the Law of Chrilt. He was going on Horfeback to Peking^ when happening to let fall his Purfe, a poor Chrif- iian Artificer who faw it fall, took it up and ran after him, in order to reftore it. The Officer fur- veyed the poor Man with an Air of Contempt; and not knowing his Bufinefs, fpurred his Horfe i notwithftanding which the Chrijtian would not go away, but followed him quite Home. There the <( ::ii 1 1 lii II I Servants to accompany him. So that now, having only five •' Soldiers to guard him, he was carried into a Delert Ifland, *' where there was not fo much as the leaft Hut to fhelter him. ** As at this Time, the Divine Office was fufpended in every Part of the City, all the Friars having forbid it in the mofl: folemn Manner, and obferved the Prohibition with due Re- fpedt, none but the Jcluits kept their Churches open, and in thefe tliey preached, confeffed, aud faid Mafs ; and even fo- lemnized it in the Governor's Houfe, to whom they admini- ** ftred the Sacraments. " The Archbifliop being thus removed from his Diocefe, ano- ther was appointed by Order of the Confervator and the Je- fuits, till the Prelate was rellored, which happened not till they hftd feized all his PoflVffions, and fold them publickly by Audion ; and even his Crofier, to fatisfy various pecuniary Mulcts, which they had fentenccd him to pay. The Inha- bitants being extremely defucus ( f having him recalled, he at lall returned, but not till after the Jcfuits had got tMtry Thing they wanted. «• The Archbifliop being reftorcd, kvt two Friars, the one to Rome and the other to Madrid^ to iri/brm the Pope and the King of Spahu of the barbarous Treatment lie had met with. They arrived in both tiiefeCapitalr,, afctr palling through the Straits of Magellan, in a Ship bfl 'iging to Prottitanrs, which the Merchants of Muniln li;id hiied, and fitted out ac their Expence, mtrely from the \:.\^ they bore their Pallcr. *• Some Time nfter this, tl.e St;rjaint-MiiJQr, who had fei/cd the Archbiihop, pafling through the Stieitbin a Chair becaufe of his great Age, tlie P( j ulacc fell upi n, and beat him to •' fuch a Degree that he dieiJ." l.a m,oi,i!i patlc^ue des Jr/uit-, pag. 226 Si kq. <( *t «• «( << 4( • < <( 4( cxa- i TKAYELS of the Jesuits. 159 exafperated Tartar firft gave him foul Language, and afked him what he wanted •, to whicii tlie Chrijlian replied, My '^^tly Bufmefs is to return you your Purfe. This furprized the Tartar^ who then, changing his Note, enquired how he came to re- turn him his Money, contrary to the Ciiftoms of the Empire, which permit every Man to keep what- foever he finds. To this tlie Artificer replied, I am a Chriftian, and am enjoyned to do as I have now dene, hy the Precepts of the Religion I profefs. This An- fwer raifed the Officer's Curiofity, who thereupon wasdefirous of knowing what this Religion was. Accordingly he vifited our Fathers-, liftencd to them ; and feemed to entertain the higheft Efteem for the feveral Particulars they told him, concerning the Myfteries and Maxims of the Chrif^ tian Law. We hope Grace will compleat what has been fo happily begun in him *. Father Cajiner, a Bavarian Jefuit, was fo good as to take me to his Miflion, fituated five Leagues from Canton. *Tis in Fochan^ a Town larger than Paris^ and computed to contain nine hundred thoufand In- habitants. I myfelf was an Eyc-witnefs as to its Di- menfions ; but with regard to the Number of the Inhabitants, I fpeak this on the Tcltimony of all our MilTionaries in Canton. I faw, in Fschan^ a very fine Church, about the Hime Bignefs, and built in much the fame Tafie, with tliat of our Noviciate in Pari^, I aWy &c. m m i De Chavagnac. * I need obferve but to few of my Readers, that'.hefe Conver- fons,raid to I e mide by Che Jcluit5,are verv n.uca to be luff eiltd. Father m 160 TRAVELS of t/je J esv its. Father Tachard, Supcriour-General of the French Miffmary^yefuits^ in the Eaft-Indics, to Father De la Chaize. PonMcherryt February i6, 17OZ, Moft Reverend Father^ I HAD the Honour of informing you, from Cape Verd^ of what had befallen us fince our leaving Port-Lewis -, and fhall now continue, as I promiied, to acquaint you with the Particulars of our Voyage. From Cape Verd we mefwith nothing remarkable, till our Arrival at the Ifland of An- jouan *, fituated to the North of the great Ifland of Madagafcar, TJie Inhabitants of Anjouan^ who come from Arabia f , call their Ifland Zoani^ of which the Europeans, by adding the Particle an, (this being an Article of the Language of the Peo- ple in Queftion) have formed the Name Anjouan. As Hurricanes generally break out in Auguft and September, on the Coafts of Indoftan, *tis dangerous for the Europeans to arrive in India before the loth of October, Flaving therefore performed our Voyage in a much Ihorter Time than could have • One curious Circumftance in the Voyages of thefe Jefuits, is their fometimes touching at little Iflands, rot fpecified in MoU\ Maps, nor mentioned in any Travels I have met with. This Jfland of Anjouan may be one of them, if it be not that called Johanna, This Difference in the Orthography of Names, makes a great Confufion in Geography ; and there is tio Nation that contributes more to tliis Confufion than the Frciuh. •j" Arabia being at fo greit a Diftance from this llland, many Perfons may doubt whether the Anjouans came originally from thence; but as the moft Northern Point of Madagafcar is equal- ly far from Arah'a \ as many People of Madagajcar fpeak A>a' bic^ and are a Sort of Mahommedans ; for which Reafon their Anceftors are fuppofed to come originally from Arabia ; it alio may be fuppofed, that the A>ijotiaK< came likewiie horn the lall mentioned Country. been of the Indies, r6, 1702, I, from lice our e, as I :iilars of nothing I of A}h (land of 7/, who \oani^ of tide an^ :he Pco- Anjouan. ruft and ingerous he loth led our Id have le TRAVELS of t/je Jesuits. 161 liccn cxpetftcd, wc were forced to nuke a conli- derablc Stay in the Ifland of Anjouan \ anil Itill longer in 21 and 22 Degrees of North Latitude, wlicre wc plycd to Windward during a Munth, waiting the Seafon tor calling Anchor in the Road of Sural. The Stay we made at Anjotian^ gave us an Op- portunity of fixing, by repeated Oblervations, its trui* Latitude. That of the mod Northern Part of the Ifland, where we were on the Sea-Coall, is Eleven Degrees, Fifty Minutes-, fo that the middle of the Ifland is in Twelve Degrees South Latitude. This Obfervation which I made with a Quadrant, of a Foot Radius, is the more neceflary, becaufe not long fince an EngliJIj Ship, for want ot know- ing the Latitude of Anjouan^ had been Shipwrecked at Mayote, an IQand fituated towards the Souths and upwards of 14 or 15 Leagues from Anjouan, About feven Years fince the fame Misfortune would have befallen one of the King's Ships, (of fixty Guns) had not the Captain, by his good Condu6l:, got her off. The Ship's Company were in the grcateft Danger, and law the Rocks under the Ship, which otherwife would have been dafhed to Pieces, becaufe the Currents drew her towards the Land. This Error was owing to the Pilot's mifta- king (occafioned by bad Charts) Mayote for Moali^ though the laft mentioned IQand lies about Thirty Minutes, or ten Sea Leagues, more to the 'North than that of Mayote. The 4th of -^«^«/?, about Eleven in the Morning, there was an almoft total Eclipfe of the Sun. I fhall not fend you the Scheme of that Eclipfe, all my Papers being itill at Manapar^ towards Cape Comerin \ but I hope to be able to tranfmit it to you next Year, This Scheme is of a fingular kind, its fliowing, by a Method which I believe has not yet been prac tikd. the Magnitude and Duration of tliat folar M Eclipfe i i\m , ''■ 1 'I ' < ; '^1% h i : u 162 TRAVELS o//i^ Jesuits. Eclipfe •, and the feveral Places on the Earth where it was vifible. The falubrious Air of the Ifland of Anjouan^ and the abundant Refrcfliments which are met with in it, recovered our fick Men, ahnoft as foon as they •were put afhore. But a great many of thofe who enjoyed the fined Health fell fick, fome for having drunk to Excefs of the Liquors of that Country, which are exceedingly ftrciig; others, for eating too greedily of cooling Fruits, and drinking immo- derately of the Water which runs from the Rocks. They were feized with a malignant .rever, together with a Purging and Vomitings md were light- headed. Being afraid of thefe Diftempcrs, as they afterwards might grow infevSlious, we left this agree- able and fruitful Ifland much fooner than otherv/ife we Ihould have done. We weighed Anchor the 14th of Auguft with a favourable Wind, which however was not lading j for fcarce had we made feven or eight Leagues but we were becalmed. The Currents carried us towards the Ifland of Moali *, and forced us to fl:eer to the TVcft of Comora or An- gafia -f , the largefl: belonging to that little Archi- felago. This happened very providentially ^or two poor Englifhmen^ who had Jived tvv.j '^cxc^ in this Ifland, quite dcftitute of all Tiii';gs, and expofed to the Infults and Cruelty of a b..i barous Nation. We had fcnt our Long-boat u^ fetch ibmeaiing we wanted. We then lay by. and waiLcd tVv.'>» or three Hours for her. Upon her returnin;i, vvc . crc greatly furprized to fee two Men in her, i.-uk-iuked, with the Air of Skeletons, and in a dying Condition. ■* Poffibly this may be the Ifland called MohUa, in Moll\ Maps, one of the Comora Iflanus to the Northwclh of Mada- gnfcar. \ I fuppofe this 1? the Ifland < ailed JNga:zecbat or Csmora, in Moir& Maps, to the NOithweit ol Madagafcar, The TRAVELS o/'//jt^ Jesuits. 163 The one was about Thirty, and the other fcemcd to be not above Twenty. Upon examining rhem, we found tliey had fullered Shipwreck at the Illand i)i Mayote abovementioned. The former had belong- ed to a large Ship of the FjigliJIj Ecift-India Company, which was loll about three Years before ; and tlic latter came from Bcfton in New-Engkind^ where lie iiad embarked with fome Engli/h Privateers. Thefc two Ships had been call away, occafioncd by the Pilots miftaking the Illand of Alayote for that of Moali, Such of the Pafiengers and of the Ship's Crew as efcaped to Shore, were treated kindly by tlie Inhabitants, fo lor.g as the great Numbers of them made them formidable : but various Difl-afes breaking out, fome arifing from the noxious Qtiajity of the Air, or the Exccfles which thefe Eiiglifhmen gave into ; and others from Melancholy, they were reduced to about fifteen or fixteen Perfons, when the Barbarians^ being no longer afraid, fought for Opportunities to murther them, and feize their Ef- fe*:b. Among thefe unhappy Perfons were feven French- 'Aim "xwiX xkiXQ.z Gerviians \ the reft being Englijb -^tA Dutch. As their Number decreafed daily, and they faw one r;nother perifli for Want, they re- Iblved to leave the Ifland, by fome Method or o- ther ; they not having the leaft Grounds to hope that any European Ship could ever take them from it, fince the Port was inacceffible even to Ships of a moderate Burthei^. In this Refolution ihcy, with the Wrecks of their Ships, built a kind ot" Long- boat large enough to carry their Perlons, and les oral confiderable Sums of Money they had Idt. They were to have filled the next Day, when the King of the Country, entertaining ibme Sufpicion of what was doing, fent tor their Boat, declaring that he had a very great Fancy for her i which, however, was only a Pretence to ftop them and kize t!ielr M 2 Mouev. in ill aM i 1 \\A-^i li 164 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. Money. The Europeans who were then alTcmbled in a Hut, on the Sea- fide, held a Council ; and were unanimoudy of Opinion, that they fhould refufe the King of Mayote\ Demands in the civilefl: Manner they could. They were fenfible that, after this, all Endeavours poflible would be iifed to deftroy them ; and confequently th.U it would be ncccllary for them to {land more than ever upon their Guard ; but the Barbarians^ obferving their Powder was fp2nt, (as they went no longer a hunting) furround- cd them in great Numbers, and attacked them within their Hut, where the European: defended themfclvcs a long Time. As this Hut was furrounded only with large Mats, and covered with nothing but Straw and Barks of Trees, the Barbarians cafily fet fire to it, and burnt moftof thofe unhappy Wretches. Such of them as elbaped halr-roafted were equally unfor- tunate with their Companions, they being cruelly butchered. Thus, of ail this Company, only three F.vglijhmen furvived, who hid themfelves till the Fury of the Slaughter was over. Their Enemies took Pity on them, and gave them a little Canoo with four Men, who conveyed them to Angafia. 7'hcfe unfortunate Perfons v/ere gracioufly re- ceived by the King of the IVeftevn Part of the Ifland, where they landed. He firll entertained them at his cwn Expence •, but foon growing v/eary of this Hof' pitality, he left them to provide for themfelves asthey could. Duriijg a Year anc a half they fubfifted upon the Fruit of the Cocao, and the Milk of Cows they met with ftraggling •, after v/hich, one of them being unable to live any longer in that manner, fell fjck and died. His two Companions were preparing to lay him in the Ground ; v, hen the Inhabitan ; of Augafia^ as though their L.:.: d would have been pro- laned by the B<-nes of an European^ refuled thcni Burial, and ob] <;ed thei-; to ihrow the Body into the Sea. Such are tae Particulars we heard concerning thele TRAVELS ^/Zj^ Jesuits. 165 thefe two EngliJJjmen, who told their Story to the Officers of our Ship. They were itanding on the Shore of the IQand of Angafia^ when our Long- boat arrived there •, and they did not offer to fpeak a Word till they faw it put off from Shore. They then plunged into the Sea, when fwimming with all their might, and calling aloud to our People to {lay, they at lad got into the Boat. They then were carried on Board our Ship, where every one be- ing moved to pity at their pait Sufferings, and their prefent lad Condition, all imaginable Care was taken ro relieve them, and to give them Food and Cloaths. Upon our Arrival in Surat^ the oldeft of the two retired among the Englifo\ and the other, telling us that his Father was a 'Dutchman^ though fettled in 'Bojton^ took up his Quarters among the Butch. During our Courfe from Angafia to Surat^ many of our People fell fick, who had all the Afli fiance they wanted. Father Fctit my Companion, attend - ingairiduouPiy upon them, and endeavouring to infpire them with Sentiments laitable to their feveral Con- ditions, was himielf foon afcer feized with a Fever of a very malignant Nature. On thisOccafion I was no lefs edified by the Patience and Refignation he difcovered during his Sicknefs, than by the Courage andLovo hefliewed whilil; he vifited fuch as wanted his FLip. If we except tliefe lad Sicknefe, which took otf fevcn or eight of ojr Ship's Company, we had the luippletl and fmocjtheil Paifage, in every Reiped, 1 ever heard of. There was not lb much as the leaft: Storm, nor were we once becalmed ; and {o perieot a Harmony fubfiftcd always between I he OfTiccrs and PalTengers, that 'twas with real Grief they fcparated. The firft who left us v/ere two young Capuchins^ whofe Sweetnefsof Teinper, Civility and Piety were of thehighefc A'J.vanti\^?;; up us during the whole Voyage. I'here alfo we*?e two bare-looted Cannditcs^ I'leiuingi, patronized, by the W U 3 .Nuncio, HH'li i ^vmH .W ' i SKM'l 1 1 MHa'iv w nflt?' r 1 i ■ ' ■ ' f\ :'i i66 TRAVELS^/" the Jesuits. Nuncio, a Favour they juftly defcrved, they btinp- Perfons of the greateft Wifdom and Modefty ♦, and indulging us, in a particular manner, the Ilrongelt Marks of their ConBdence and Friendfliip. The Commotions which broke out TuSurat would not permit us to ftay long there. The Englijh Pri^ vateers who had long inferted thofe Seas with their continual Piracies, had juft before taken two Ships richly -laden. The Mohammedan Merchants who were the Owners of thefe Ships, infilled, that the Europeans^ the French^ Englifn and Dutch who were fettled in Surat^ fliould indemnify them ; and accordingly the ill Treatment thefe met with from them, prompted us not to make any ftay thcre •, for which Reafon we imbarked the 20th of OEfoher \']0\^ in Order to fail for Calicut. We paOld by Goa^ where we had the Satisfidtion of paying our Devotions at the Sepulchre of Sr. Fran- as Xa\)i£r, Apoille of the Indies. This Sepul- chre is richly adorned 5 and not above two Years ago, the Grand Duke of Tufcany^ that wife Prince, who is fo greatly efteemed in Europe, fent thither a magnificent Pedeftal of green Jafper, cmbellifhcd with Brafs Plates, on which the molt fignal A6lions of St. Francis Xavier are reprefented with wonder- ful Delicacy and Skill. After failing fome Days, we arrived at Termepe- tan., a fmall Town fi:anding on a fine River, where we cafb Anchor. Here we met with the 'Ponchar- iraln^ a Ship belonging to the French Eaft-India Company, which having lailed from the Illand of Mafcarin *, had met with an Englijh Privateer, a forty * /"/ lie- fo the F/ffi of the ?>r.7t Jflmid of Madapri'lnr. T/; ?'• .'•'■<,' Pifhjjlon of ih: French, mid by them called the IJland of jjjiTi on. 'Ihis Tlmd of /l/./.v.7.'-iv, ism mod McfcnrenJ n^, r,r fhe Ti» e '-Jh F ;i-ul, m ;,■&/■.; Ma|>s. ' i'wa> Inlt io caikd bv the F.n7l:Jh. TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 167 forty Gun Ship, ofi' Cape Comcrin. As this Privateer had a great Number of Men on board, and all their Cannoi^ were drawn out, they had very much a- larmed Mr. Bu Bofc^ Captain of the Fontchartrauu the Privateer, having come up within half the Length of Cannon-fliot •, but obferving that the whole Crew of the Pont char train v.ere upon Deck, and feemed refolved to make a flout Defi.^nce ; the Privateer flieered off, and caft Anchor at a Leagues Diftance from them. Here we were obliged to rsr^(t out of the Pr/;/- ccfsy which was the Snip's Name that had brought us from France, 'Twas ^<\\.\\ fome Res-ret we did this, becaufe we wcc (t'lj to double Cape Covjorin, which is not very cafi'y done, in a Vcilel that never dares lofe fight of Lan:l We embarlced at Tremapetan in order to Ihil for Ca'icut^ ficuated but Ten Leagues from it. Calicut was tormeriy the renowned Capi- tal of a Kingdom of the lame Name ; but is now merely a large, ill-built Town very little inhabited. The Sea which, within a Century, has gained much on this Coafl, has fwallowed up the greatcft Part of the old Town, with a noble Fortrefs of Free-ftone. Ships now caft Anciior over their Ruins j and the Harbour is clogged with a great "Tis aboutThirty Leaguer, round ; benutifully diverfified witliHills and PInins, Fo'-ells and Champaign-Grounds. Tis well Hocked with Wood and Warcr, and the Soil i^ fiuitful, one Part of the Ifland excepted which is parciied by the burfling of a Fulcano, The ingenious Mr. Salmon, Vol. III. pag. 104. of his ufeful ?vIodern Hiitory, i^ guilty of fomethiuglike an Inaccuracy, he faying that t'n: EiK'^i:Oi difco-jercd it Jirfl, and afierwards that it ijoas fit ft ill [covered I y //v Portugueze in 1545. Thefe firll ilocked it with rio2;s and Goats, but afterwards defcrted it. la X613, Capt. Cajlletcn^ an Efiglifhman, touched there, but made no Settlement, in i6^--i., the French took Poflcirion of it, but the only Ufe they make of ir, is for their hul'a Ships to take in frefli Provifions. M 4 Number d : i68 TRAVELS o///j^ Jesuits. Number of Shelves, i^c. which are feen here at Low- Water ; and here Ships are often call away *. The firft Conqueft the Portu^uefe made in India^ was the taking of Calicut^ which they kept till fuch Time as the Nr/irs^ who are the Gentlemen and beft Soldiers of the Country, feeing the DuUh attack the Portuguefe on every Side, and difpoflefs them of their beft Fortreffes, embraced this Op- portunity for taking up Arms, and poflelTing themlclvcs of Calicut, Tht-y there found above an hundred Pieces of Brafs Cannon, part of which they threw into a neighbouring Lake •, and carried the reft (being about Thirty or Forty) half a League up tlie Country, in order to fecurethem, and they are ftill there. In this Country, called Malkami, there are Caf tes -f", as in the reft of India. Moft of them obferve the fameCuftoms *, and in particular they all entertain the like Contempt for the Religion and Manners of the Europeans, But a Circumitance, that perhaps is not found elfewhere, and which I myfelf could fcarcc believe (|, is that among thefe Barbarians^ and Ik ! iH * The Zamorin, or Emperor of Calicut, is faid to be the moft powerful of all the Princes of Malabar^ and to claim Tribute from the other Monarchs of that Country. Some fay that he can bring an hundred thoufand Men into the Field. Calicut is a I;!rge Trading City, and has a good Harbour. Pepper and Precious Stones particularly, are brought from thence. At the T'lmewhtntheP^r/wcW^fifft arrived in thefe Parts'twai the chitf City for Trade in India. The Mooys oppofed the Defcent of the Portvgueje with ail poflible Vigour ; but thefe landing a Body rf Troops, built a ttrong Fort but were drove out again. '] he Fort is now ivaihcd away by the Sea. Several European Na- tions, and part-c.ilarly the Efi'^HJl.-'y have their F.iftories here, and trade without ReUraint. The Prince's Palace, which he iel- dom vifits, is an old irregular Pile of Building. •f- Thefe arc fomething like the Jeivijh Tribes. j( Polfibly there may be as little Truth in another Cuflom af. cribed hy lome Travellers to the People of Calicut, and is as iollows. '] he Bidmins or Priclts [Uy thefe Tiaverers) have one TRAVELS of the Jf-suits. 169 and efpecially the noble Cajles, a Woman is allow- ed, by the Laws, to have feveral Hiifbands. Some of thefe have had ten Hiifbands together, all whom they look upon as fo many Slaves, whom their Charms had fubjedled. This Cuftom, which is fomewhat monftrous, as well as many others, un- known to their Neighbours, and which prevail a- mong thefe People, are founded on their Reli- gion *. They declare, as the antient Heathens^ that they herein only imitate the Praflice of thofe Gods whom they worfhip in Malleami. The Jefuits had a fine Church in Calicut^ which the Prince of that Country demoliflied, fome Time fince, out of Hatred to the Portuguefe. But the illuftrious Count De Villaverde^ then Viceroy of the Indies^ obliged him to rebuild it ; and it was not quite finifhed when we paffed by that Way. In this City, Father Petit firft began to praflice.the morti- fied Life he is to lead in Madura^ he lying on the Ground upon a Matt, eating nothing but Rice, and drinking only Water. Though this was a very fe- vere Trial, and he was not quite recovered of a violent Fit of Sicknefs, with which he had been afflifted at Sea, Heaven was pleafed to behold him one very odd Employment. One of the principal of thefe Bra- mins is obliged to pafs the Bridal-Night with the Queen ; and in all Probabiliry, they do not chufe the oldell among the Priefts for this Service. The King fends the Bramin to the Value of four or five hundred Ducats for this Drudgery ; (one would ima- gine our Charles II. had heard of this Cultom) and whenever that Monarch fets out upon a Journey, he intrufts his Wives to one of thefe Priefts, who ufes, his utmoft Endeavours to confole them during the Royal Abfence. For this Reafon the Sons don't lucceed to the Crown, fince they very poffibly might be fpurious Children ; but immediately upon the K.ing*s Death, his Siller's S')n is proclaimed King. * According to fjme Travellers, the People o{ Calicut have dedi- cated a Temple to an Ape, in which Temple is a Portico com- pofed of ky^a hundred marble Pillars. Ihis does not appear probable. with u 170 TRAVELS 0///'^ Jesuits. with a propitious Kyc, and he did not find any ill Effcdls from theic Aufterities. After (laying tliree Days in Calicu.^ we went on Board a fmali Manchcw (a ivind of Felucca) and bailed to TanoYy four Leagues diflant from it. Ta~ nor is a Town inhabited by Cbriftiam^ under the Dirc^, which is as the Colk'gc of Malabar^ and tliere the Provincial commonly refides. The Fathers of Topo gave us fo very humane a Reception, that we foon forgot our pad Fatigues -, and they engaged us to accompany them to Cotatc^ there to celebrate the Fertival of St. Francis Xavier, But juft as this Feftival was go- ing to be Iblcmnizcd, an Order came from the Go- vernour of the Town to forbid it ; the reafon of which Prohibition was as follows. A Widow of Diftindion in that Town had been preparing, three Months, to offer up a public facrifice to the DeviJ, to which flie was prompted by Intereft, or Su- perftition, or both. A Defire of vexing the Chri- llians, whom fhe mortally hated, and of alTembling a greater Number of People at her Houfe, made her purpofely chufc, for the celcbraring that accurltd Ceremony, the very Day devoted to St- I'raucts Xavier^ which never fails to draw a prodigious Num- ber of Foreigners to C&/f2/t'. In a Jargi Parlour or Hall in her Houfe, Handing not far fiom u.c Apoille's Church, Ihe had already raUcd three Columns of Earth, three or four Foot high, dilboied triangu- U Thii Ilknd is not fee down in. MiU\ .v.api, larly, Dling her rltd lie's of IgU" riy. TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 175 larly, tind flancVinM I?0 N i it 'i f TRAVELS of the Jesuits. ed Empire^ hmgined it would be proper to make life of fo favourable a Jun5lure^ to execute their Bejign ; for which Purpofe they confultedwith Br. Poncet and Monfuur Maillet |I, the French Conful at Grand Cai- ^Tivas then agreed that one of our Miffionaries ro fhould accompany Br. Poncet to Ethiopia, and go as his Servant f , for fear of giving Umbrage to a Nation y whofe Bifpofuion with regard to the Europeans, was not yet well known. This was an important Commiffion^ and required a Man of great Abilities and Zeal ; Jince he was to inform himfelf on the Spot^ of the State of the Chrijlian Religion j and fee what was to be done^ in order to reftore^ if poffible^ the Romifh Religion in a Country where it formerly had made a very great Pro- grefs, under the Patriarchs John Nunez Baretto, An- drew Oviedo, Apollinarius of Almeida, and feveral other Jefuit-Mijfionaries . Father de Brevedent, of a very good Family in the City of Roan, was pitched upon for this Purpofe^ hi being endued with all the ^alities reqtiijite forfo dif- ficult and important an Enterprize. The Scheme he gave for a new Machine^ for finding the perpetual Motion in 1685, engraved in the Journals of that Time, gained him no little Reputation among the Learned^ andfhewed the great Penetration of his Genius. Engaging after- wards in Mijfions, he laboured indefatigably above ten Tears in the Ifiands of the Archipelago and in Syria. In a Word, the whole Tenor of his Life was fo perfect that he was conftdered as a true Apoftle. His Auficri- ties were fo extreme, when labouring among the Infi- dels, that his ordinary Food was Bran foak* din Water, withfome Herbs or Roots. He ufed to lie on the bare Ground j to pafs two or three Hours every Night in Prayer ; and fcourge himfelf fo unmercifully twice a- II He pabllflied an Account oi Egypt not many Years fince. I write tliis in 1742. f This Dilguile is exactly agreeable to the Genius of the Je- fuits. day, TRAVELS of the Jesuits. i8r day *, that his Superiours being informed that it liO'dd he imfojfihle for him tofupport much longer fo very mortified a Life, were obliged to fof ten the Rigour of his Penance^ to prevent their lofing a Perfon fo ufeful to the Mijfion. The following Relation is very curious •, for^ befides the Account it gives of the Dominions of the Kings of Dongola -f-, o/'Sennar, and of Mecc^i, it informs us likewife of fever al very remarkable Particulars concern- ing Ethiopia, that Empire, fo very famous, whether we confider the vafi Extent of its 'Dominions, the Multitude of its Inhabitants, or their prof effmg the Chrifiian Religi- on in thefirfl Ages of the Church. But as the Aby ffini- ans were fo happy as to receive the Light of the Gofpel in thefirfl Ages of Chriflianity, they have beenfo unfortunate as to lofe that precious Advantage, by imbibing the Errors of the Cophtis ^rEutychians, and forming a Schifm in the Church. How ample a Harvefi might be made in fo 'wide -ex- tended a Field, by able and zealous Miffionaries, who (hould devote themfelves to the cultivating of it ; efpe- daily at a Time when the Conjunctures are more favour- able than ever I The greatefl Obftacle, formerly, to the Converfion of the Abyflinians, was the Obflinacy of the fchifmatic Patriarchs of Alexandria, who oppofed the Efiablifh- ment of the Catholic Religion with all their Might. But as theprefent Patriarch is a Catholic, he is no lefs de/irous than we can be, of feeing all' the People of Ethiopia open their Eyes, and embrace the Truths of the Gofpel, as he himfelf did not longfince. His Majefiy and his Holinefs intend to fend Miffio- naries into this extended Empire > and wifhing that * What an Inconfiftency was there in this Charafter ! a Man to have a Mind capable of going through a Courfe of polite Li- terature, and making Difcoverics in the Alatliematics, and yet be fo weak as to fcourge himleif daily ! Surely this muft have been done by Father te BreJevent, merely in the View of pro- moting the general Sclieme of the Jefuits, or Fathsj- te Gobien muft have told this of him faliely, merely in the fame VievV. f I fuppofe this is what Mo'/ calls Dayjcala, N 2 their } i 1 ■ ■ ■ ! * • AAA hi f ^i 's^ il 'i-:^ m i82 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. their Endeavours may he crowned with Succefs, I fuh fcribe tnyfelf^ with the utmojl Refpe^l, &c.^ Charles le Gobien. AfuccinB Account of the Travels o/' Charles- James PoNCET, a French Fhyfician^ into Ethiopia, in 1698, 1699, and i'jOd, I Set out from Grand Cairo, the Capital of £"- gypt, the loth of June 1698, with Hagi Al>, an Officer under the Emperourof Ethiopia^ and Father Charles Francis Xavier of Brcvt'dent, a Jeluit Mifilo* nary. We embarked on the Nile at Boolack *, half a League from that City. As the Waters were low, and our Pilots very unflcilful, we fpent a Fortnight in reaching Manfdoo^ tho' this Voyage is common^ ]y performed in five Days, when the River is fwell'd, and the Wind favourable. Manfeloo is a City of Upper Egypt, famous for its Traffic in Linens. The Grand Signior keeps a Garifon there of five hun- dred Janifaries and two hundred Spahis, to prevent the Incurfions of the Arabs ^ who infefl every Part of that Country. The Rendezvous of the Caravans of Sennar and Ethiopa is at Ibnali, half a League above Manfc '?, and by fome confidered as a Suburb of it. There are abou. ^op.r thou- farid Families in this Town, where a confidcrable Trade is car- ried on. All Vefffla who go up the hik Hop here, and pay the Duiies enaded by ihe Gcveriuuenr. TRAVELS ///&^ Jesuits. 183 fo fcorching, that, from ten in the Morning, till Night, we could fcarce breathe. After having pur- chafed Camels, and got all the Provifions neceflary for crolTing the Defarts of Lybia^ we left this difa- greeable Abode the 24th of September^ at three in the Afternoon ; and went and lay a League and a half from thence, on theeaftern Side of the M/^, at a Place call'd Cantara, where we alfo were obliged to encamp fome Days, to wait for the Merchants of Girga and Syoof, who were not yet arrived. A Relation of the King of Sennar invited me to go to Syoot^ and for that Parpofe fent me an Arabt- on Horfe. 1 crofs'd the "Nik on a very large Bridge, built of beautiful Free-flone. I believe 'tis the on- ly Bridge on this River, and I got to my Journey's End in four Hours. I faw the Ruins of an old magnificent Amphitheatre, with fome fepulchral Monuments of the ancient Romans, The City of Syoot isfurrounded with delicious Gardens, and beau- tiful Palm-trees, which bear the fincft Dates in all Egypt. Finding our whole Company met at my Return, we fet out very early on the 2d of Otlobo^ and that very Day entered a frightful Defart. Tra- vellers are expofed to great Danger in thefe Defarts, occafioned by the moving Sands, which rifing with the gentlefl Breeze, darken the Air \ and falling back again like Rain, often bury Travellers under them, or make them lofe their Way. The great- eft Order poflible is obferved in the March of the Caravans. Befides the chief Man, whofe Bufinefs it is to determine all Difputes and Contefts, there are Guides v/ho march at the Head of the Caravan, and give the Signal either for going forward or halt- ing, by beating a fmall Kectle-Drum. The Travel- lers fet out three or four Hours before Day, at which Time all the Camels aiui Bcafts of Burthen muft be ready. Any Pcrfon who lofes Sight of the Caravan, cr goes aftray from ir, is in great Danger of perifh- ft ■ fr I- 8 \\ i ' I' ■ I 1 ■ (i ....' 'i, to fecure them from the Incurfion of the Arabs. The feveral Merchandifes are carried either on Camels or Dromedaries (whofe Shape is much the fame) and the Camid will carry fcven hundred Weight, there being no Wheel- Carriages in Arabia, Sec. 'I' he above-mentioned Beafis kneel down, to take up their Burden ; and will travel, when requi- fitc, fix Days or more without drinking. There are no Inns on thofe Roads, for whicii Reafon Travellers carry Provifions and Tents, which they don't fet up except in bad Weather ; they chuling, when it is fair, to lodge in the open Air, for Fear of the rhievifh Arabs. The Slaves and Servants drefs their Mafters Vi(fliiah on the Road in Manner following ; they make a Hole in the Ground, and there they make a Fire, and boil the Meat, i^c. As little Water is found in the Defarts, the Travellers pro- vide thtmfejvps with fome, which they carry in Goat-skins. Before the Caravan firlt fcts out, the Merchants eleft, from among their Body, a Commander or Captain Daflia, who regu- lates tne Order of the March, and fettles all Controverfies which may happen. But as there is room for committing various Frauds in thii Employment, (as thefe Captains pay the Duties, I5C. in the Joiirne} ) few honelt Men are willing to accept of it. 'J'he Merchants cumnionly ride on Mules or Horfes ; and tlie poorer Sort of them on Air..*s. The 'Europeans are obliged to carry their Wine in Skinr, on Horfes ; the Camel-Miller?, who 2iXt Moharr.vicdnrs , not permitting tiicir Camels to be loaded with Wine, this Ceati being facr.'d to t.lc':*a7r.vicd. Tfie Ciravans fometimcs travel fix ilour'^, and at other times twch-e every Day, acccrlirg as they meet with Water, they halting at thole iiaccs, vvheie thty meet with any. Every Mailer '•i ■ TR A V E L S I?/' /Zi^ Jesuits. 585 We arrivctl the 6th of Qthher at llclaoUa^ a pret- ty large Town, ant] the laft ilibicd to the Grand Signior. It lias a Garilon of five hundred Janizaries and three hundred Spahis, commanded by an Offi- Maller, with his Servants, rides Tibout his Goods, particular'", if the Night is dark ; and this on accn^nt of a Sett of cunnu ^, Thieves, who at thofe Times, fcimciinies cut tiio Strings by which the Bealls arc; faltncd to one another, r.nd t!ien driver them away to lome LMitancc beiure tlie Lor> is perceived. One great Inconveni* ncy which thole who tr;ivel in Cir.ivans often meet with is, th:;t as Water is gont-rally f -und only in Wells and Ciftcrns, whence not more tian two or tiirce People can draw Water at a Time, the Tiavtllers are fomctimcs forced to rtay two Hours, or more, before they can get any ; which is owing to tlie Rudenefs of the Camcl-Driverf , wl.o will not fuflcr any Perfon to draw W.uer, till they have firil regaled their fe- veral Bealts. 'Tis necefl'ury tliat the European Travellers wear a MohatKtKedan prch, or put on an Jiahian Veil and Cip, to prevent their being iiopt at fome I'owns; as well as fevcral other inconveniencief. i hey alfo mul^ provide chemfelves with Boot?, and thele are as eafy to walk m as Shoes ; but they don't need to get Spurs, the Horfes being prick'd forward with an Iron fix'd to the Stirrup. Wlien the Caravr.n Hops, after Sun-fet, to fpend the Night, a Sett o^poor People, vviio make it their Cuf refs to dttend on thefe Occalions, walk about the Fields like Watch- men, crying aloud, Gcd is cue. Be 'watchful of jCtirfches : And when the Time proper for marching is nigh, they give Notice of it to the Captain of the Caravan, who immediately commands them to cry. Saddle your Horfes, and load your Goods. All this is done with fiirpriz ng Difpatch ; and the whole Car^j'an proceeds forward with the greatell Order and Si- lence. U the next Stage is long, and they cannot arrive at it till about an Hour or two before Noon, the Merchants fpread their Carpets and lit down to Break aft; during which the Beafts advance forward flowly with their B-irdens. 'Tis faid that upwards of forty thoufand Pilgrims go to Mec- ca yearly, to vifit Mohammed's Tomb ; the Grand Signior giv- ing the lourth Part of the Revenues of F.o^pt towards deiraying the Expences of the Caravan. This valbr Body of Devotees is accompanied with Soldiers, to protetil them from the Incurfions of the Jrai. i and foILwed by eight or nine thoufanJ Cnnicls, laden with Provifions neceiiary for fo long a Journey through the Defarts. One of the Camels carries tne golden Standard, which is offered up with great Ceremony to Mohammed. Several Ctravans fet out annuaiiy from Aleppo, Grand Caiio, Scz. lur \rfaf Mecca, IkQ. I i' 111 I ccr. nil ' 1 i86 TRAVEL S of the Jesuits. cer, caird in that Country Kajh'if. Helaoiia is a delightful Place, and anlwers exadlly to its Name, which fignilics, the Country of Delights or Sweets. "We there fee a great many Gardens watered with Rivulets, and a vaft Number of Palm-trees, which have a perpetual Verdure. There we find Colo- quintida * •, and all the Fields are overfpread with Sena, which grows on a Shrub about three Foot high. This Drug, of which the Europeans have \o high an Opinion, is not made any Ufe of in this Country. The Inhabitants of lieloaiia^ when in- difpofed, never take any other Remedy but the Root of the Efula, which they fleep in Milk a whole Night, and drink next Morning after pafTing it through a Sieve. This Phyfic is exceedingly ftrong, but thofc People like it, and praife it exceedingly. The -\- Efula is a great Tree, with a blue Flower. This Flower forms a kind of oval Ball full of Cot- ton, and with this the Inhabitants make tolerably line Linen. We rtopt four Days at Helaoiia, to fupply our- felves with Water and Provifions, as we were going to crols a Defart, where not a fingle Spring or Ri- vulet are found. The Heats are lo violent, and the Sands of thofe Delarts fo very fcorching, that fuch as walk bare-footed, always find their Feet fwell in a furprizing Manner. Neverthelefs, the Nights are pretty cold, which afflidl thofe who travel in this Country with grievous Diftempers, if they don*c take the utmoft Care of themfelves. After travel- ling two Days we arrived at Chabba |I, a Country full of Allum •, and three Days after at Selyme, * A wild Kind of Gourd, extremely bitter, and employed in purgative F^emedies. T Tht Efula is aifo a Kind of Plint called Milk-Thiftle : When correded, 'tis given to Perfons afHided with the Dropiy- II Chabba /« Ardhlcjgnl/es Allum. At Chabba begins the Kingdom ^j/" Gondola, dcpe/idaut on that is/'Sennar. where H: TRAVELS ^///jt? Jesuits. .Jy where we drew Water, to fcrve us five Day% T )m i\n excellent Spring fituated in the Midfl: of ihaf >c- i'art. Thefe wide-extended Solitudes, whci' vc meet neither with Birds, wild Beads, Grafs, nor even fo much as a Gnat ; and fee nothing but Mountains of Sand, Carcafes and Bones of Camels, ftrike the Soul with I know not what Horror, which makes the Travelling here quite tedious and difa- grccable. 'Twould be extremely difficult to crofs thefe frightful Dcfarts without the Afliftance of Camels. Thefe Beads can pafs fix or fcven Days without eating or drinking ; a Circumftance I my- fclf fliould never have believed, had I not been a careful Obfervcr of it. A yet more wonderful In- cident of this Kind is as follows, the Truth of which was allured me by a venerable old Man, Brother to the Patriarch ot Ethiopia, who was in our Caravan, He declared that he travelled twice from Selyme to Sudan, in the Country of the Negroes ; and that having employed each Time forty Days in crofllng the Defarts lying that Way, the Camels of his Cara- van did not once eat or drink during all that Time *. Three or four Hours Reft every Night fupports them i and compenlates for the Want of Food, H * What we are told by the Authors of the MiJ/ions etrangeres, in their hft Relation, is equally furprizin^. They inform us as follows concerning feme Chriiliuns of Cochin-China, who died for their Religion. Of the four remaining nuho cotithtued in Piifon^ three ftrugglei ijcith Hunger and T^hirJI, for perhaps a much longer Time than coid.i be believed hy the Europeans, till they died i furl am of Opinion thefe 'u.ould fcarce think it pi/Jible for them to live fa long as they did ^without eating and dt inking. The frjl ivas Mr. Laur ico (Lorenzo) 'who did not expire till the fortieth Day cfhis hnprifonment. The holy old Man Anthony follo'vjed him three Days after i and Madam Agnes langiiijhed till the fort\ fixth Da\\ and then quietly hreath'd her laji. [ I'iiis Note is by Father leCio- bien.] . . . The Proteibint (and lefs credulous) Reader, will probably think the Accounts given here a Fiflion, confidering ihe^Quarter it comes from, and the Motive for mentioning it. which !' l! Ill ji!' Hi i88 TRAVELS of f/je Je-.utts. which mud not be given them till after they have drank, for otherwifc they would burll. The Kingdom of Sudan lies to the Wcfl of Sen>my. The Merchants of Upper E^ypt go thither to purchafe Gold and Slaves. The Kings of Semiar and Sudan are commonly at War. As to the Mules and AiTcs, which alfo arc made Ufe of for crofilng thefe Dcfarts, they are allowed only a fmall Mcafurc of Water daily. The 26th of O^ohcr we arrived at Machno^ z, large Town * on the eaftern Shore of the 'Nile. This River forms here two large Iflaiids abounding with Palm-trees, Sena, and Coloqiiintida. MacboOy the only Place inhabited from Helaoua^ is in the Pro- vince of Fungee f. It is fubjedl to the King of Sen* liar \ and here begins the Country of the Baroras^ call'd by usBarbarins. The Erbab^ or Gov( rnour of this Province, being informed that the Emperour of Ethiopia had fcnt for us to Court, invited us to ArgGs^ the Place of his Refidence. This Town Jlands oppofite to Machoo, on the other Side of the iV/7d', and we went thither in a Boat. The Cover- noiir received us with great Civility, and entertain- ed us two Days, which, after the vioknt Fatigues we had undergone, was extremely agreeable. The chief Officer of the Cuftoms, who is Son to the King of Dongola ||, Jives alfo at Argos. This Prince never appears in public but on Horfeback, his Horfe being covered with two hundred litde Brafs Bells, which make a great Noife •, and attended by twenty Horfemen, and two hundred Soldiers armed ':f\f «i * The French is g>oJ/e Bourgade, which is the Diminutive of Bourg, an Affemblage of Houl'e-s between a City and a Village. In my X'erfion I generally tianflate Bourg a Town, and Bour- gade a fmall Town. f Called Tungiy in our Maps. II This King of Dongola, or Dancala, can hardly be a power- ful Prince. with TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 189 with Lances and Sabres. He came and fcarchcd our Tents, where we prefentcd him with Coffee, and paid the Duties, confiding in Soap and Linens, He did i)s the Honour to invite us next Day to Din- ner, and we v/aited upon him accordingly at the Time appointed. His Palace is fpacious, and built of Brick dried in the Sun. The Walls are very lofty •, and Hank'd, at Intervals, with large Square Towers, but without Port-Holes, there being no Cannon in that Country, Mufkets being the only Fire-arms uled there. After Ibying a Week at Machoo^ we left It the fourth oi November^ and arrived the 13th at Bon^ gala. I'he whole Country wc pafs'd through to til is City, and even to that of Sennar^ is extremely agreeable, but not above a League in Breadth. Be- yond it we meet with nothing but frightful Defarts. The Nile runs through the Middle of this delicious Plain. Its Banks are high ; fo that the Fertility of this Country is not owing, as in Egypt^ to the In- undation of that River, but to the Labour and In- duftry of the Inhabitants. As it rains extremely feldom in thefe Parts, the People raife, by the Help of certain Wheels turned by Oxen, a prodigious Quantity of Water, which they carry through the leveral Lands to Refervoirs dug to receive it ; and hence they afterwards draw it, whenever they want to water their Lands, which otherwife would be bar- ren. Money is not the Medium here for Traffic, eve- ry Thing of that Kind being carried on by Barter, as in the Infant Ages of the World, Travellers purchafe whatever Provifions they want, by giving in Exchange, Pepper, Anife, Fennel, Cloves, Cho- orga, or Wool died blue, French Spikenard *, ]^l > '\ \ I ! ' * A Species of Lavender, whence the Oleum Spicar is dillil- I?d. E^yptim ri J 4 I ;i1 rjiiil (1 1 1 190 TRAVELS of dejEsviTs: Egyptian * Mabakb, and fuch like. Their onl^ Food is Bread made of Dora, a fmall round Berry, with which they alfo make a kind of muddy, very ill-tafted Beer. As this Liquor will not keep, they are obliged to make it alnioft every Hour. Any Man who has got fome Dora-Bread, and a Gourd- Bottle full of the unpalatable Liquor above-menti- oned, of which they drink fuch Quantities as to grow intoxicated, thinks himfelf happy, and en- abled to make good Cheer. Tho* thefe Africans live upon fuch flender Nourifhment, they yet en- joy Health, and are more robuft and vigorous than the Europeans. Their Houfes are low, built of Earth, and covered with Dora-Reeds : But their Horfes are perfedly beautiful, and the People are very fkilful in breeding them for the Manege. The Backs of their Saddles f are very high, which tires the Rider very much. Perfons of Quality go bare- headed, and with their Hair difpofed agreeably in Trefles. Their whole Drefs is only a fleevelefs, rude Veft ; and a Kind of Sole, which they tie with Thongs. The common People throw a Piece of Linen round them an hundred different Ways, but the Children go almoft naked. All the Men carry a Lance, and this they take with them where- ever they go. The Iron of it is hook'd, and foms are very neat. Thofe who have Swords, wear theM hanging at their Left- Arm. Oaths and blafpliemous Expreflions are very common among thefe rude ig- * I know not whether this is a Kind of wild Cherry, or a Sloe. According to fome 'tis the Vaccinlwn or Black- Berry ; whilft others fay that 'tis a Shrub with which they die Purple in France. I fuppofe the Mahaleh bartered in the Country, treated of in the Text, was ufed for dying. f The Original is, Lews fclles ont des nppms lien hauts^ by which I fuppofe is meant, that there are Backs to them, as to thofe .'': fome Countries oi Europe ; or elfc, that they are raifed \QTy high on the Sides i and tire the Rider's Arms very much, when leaning on them. norant TRAVELS of the Jesuits.' 191 norant Africans^ who, at the flmie time, are fiich Debauchees, that they have not the leaft Idea of Po- lirenefs, Modefty, or Religion •, for tho' they now profefs Mobawmedanifm, they know nothing of it, except their Confeflion of Faith, and this they re- peat incefiantly. A deplorable Circumflance, and which drew Tears from Father de Brevedent^ my dear Companion, is, that this People, not longfince, profefled the Chriftian Religion, and loft it purely for want of Perfons zealous enough to devote them- felves to their Inftrudion. We faw, in our Way, a great many Hermits Cells, and Churches half ru- ined. We travelled but gently from Machco to Bongola^ to eafe ourfelves after our long journeying through the Defart. That Country had been infefted, but two Years before, with the Plague. It had raged with fo much Violence in Grand Cairo^ where I hap- pened to be that Year, and on which Occafion I attended the Sick, that 'twas affirmed ten thoufand Perfons died of it daily *. This dreadful Scourge made miferable Havock in every Part of Ufper E- ^ypt^ and in the Country of the Barberins •, fo that we found feveral Towns, as likewife a great Number of Villages, uninhabited ; and wide-extended Plains which had formerly been very fruitful, were now quite uncultivated and abandoned. Being got within Sight of the City of Bongola, the Leader of our Caravan left us, and went and waited upon the King, to defire Leave for him and his Company to enter it, which he was gracioufly permitted to do. We were then in a Village, which is as a kind of Suburb to that City ; and we crofs'd the River in a Boat kept by the Prince for the Ufe of the Public. The Goods pay a certain Duty, but Paflengers are carried gratis. The City of Bon- * The Plague is faid to fweep away prodigious Numbers in this City once every feven Years. gola 'I ' vl Ka t im m !' .,■ ' "t I W I . 192 TRAVELS of f/je Jesuits. gofa *, Raiids on the Eaflcrn Banks of the Nile, on the Declivity of a dry, flindy HilJ. The Houfes are very ill-built; and die Streets half dci'crted, and choaked with Heaps of Sand," which the great Floods force down from tht Mountains. The Caflle Hands in the Center of the City, and is very fpa- cious, but poorly furtif.ed ; however, it ferves as a Check to the Arabs, who inhabit the Plains, where they are permitted to feed their Cattle undiflurbed, on paying a fmall Tribute to the Alek -f- or King of Dongola. We had the Honour to eat fcveral Times with this Prince, but at a feparate Table. In our firft Audience, he was dreifcd in a green Velvet Veft that reached to the Ground. He has a nume- rous Guard. Thofe who are near his Perfon carry a long Sword before him., but unfheathed ; and the outward Guards are armed with Half-Pikes. This Prince came and vifitcd us in our Tent ; and as I had been fuccefsful in fome Cures, he invited us to refide at his Court ; but the Inftant he heard that we were under Engagements to the Einperour of £- thiopia, he did not oifer to flop us. His Kingdom is Hereditary, but he pays a Tribute to the King of Semiar. We left Bongola the 6th of January 1699 •, and four Days after entered the Kingdom of Sennar, Ibrahm the Governor, Brother to the King's Prime Minifter, whom we met on the Frontiers, received us honourably, and defrayed the Expences of our Journey as far as Korty, a large Town on the iV//(f, whither we arrived the 13th of January^ he accom- panying us to that Place. As the Nations who live above Korty, along the Wtle^ have taken up Arms againfl: the King of Sennar^ and plunder the Cara- * ir this Dongola, is, as I fuppofe it to be, Dancalay this City IS fituutcd to the Wtit of the Nikt in our Maps. f The Name of the prcjitit M^k, (in the Year 1700) or Malek tf Dongola is Achmet. vans I nume- nCKKVELSof the Jesuits. 193 vans whenever they pafs through their Country ; Travellers are obliged to pafs at a Diftance from the Banks of that River-, then proceed forward be- tween the Weft and South \ and enter the vaft Defart of Biho9da;^\i\Q\i can't be croflfed in Icfs than five Days, though with ever fo great Speed. This Defart is not fo frightful as thoie of Lybia^ finc^ nothing is found in thofe but Sand ; whereas we here meet with Herbs and Trees. After croiTing it, we returned to the Banks of the Nile, and ar- rived at Derrara, a Town where we ftopt two Days. This Country abounds with Provifions, which probably is the Rcafon why the Inhabitants call it Beladalla, or God*s Country, We left it the 26th, and travelled Weftward. We don't meet with a fingle Village in all the way ; but the Inha- bitants, who incamp under Tents, bring Provifions to Travellers. After travelling fome Days we again come to the Nile, and arrived at Guerry. This is the Refidence of a Governor, whofe chief Bufinefs is to vifit the Caravans which come from Egypt, in order to fee whether fomc Perfons in it may not have the Small- Pox i that Diftemper being as dangerous, and making as great Havock in this Country, as the Plague in Europe, The Governor in Queftion paid us great Civilities, out of Refpedl to the Throne of Ethio- fm, for by this Name the Emperor of Ethiopia is diftinguifhcd *, and difpenfed with our performing Quarrentain, as is the Cuftom in that Place where we croflfed the Nile. The manner of crofTing that River is very par- ticular. The Paflengers and Goods are put into a Bark •, but the Beafb are faftened, at the Head and under the Belly, with Ropes, which are either drawn tighter, or flackened, according as the Bark goes forward. The Beads fwim, but fuffer greatly in their Paflage, and fome of them even lofe their O JLives 5 :% ■: M i t' Pi .p'i ■■ m fh J I ' ■ 'W w^ :>.-! 'hm lli 'If jr t 194 TR AVE LS ^' //j^ Jesuits. Lives ; for though the Nile is not wide at tins Place, 'tis deep and rapid. We left Guerry the i(l of February^ and went and lay at Alfaa^ a large Village built of Free-Stone. The Inhabitants are tall and well-fliaped. After having travelled North-Eaft, to get clear of the great Windings of the Nile, and pafled by the Village of Jlfon, of Colran, and of Camin: After crofling a large Ifland not fpecified in our Maps, we arrived at the Town of Harbagee, where we met v/ith Plenty of Provifions, and repofed our- felves a little. The following Days we pafled thro' Forefts of Acacia *, whofe lofty. Thorny Trees were adorned with Yellow and Blue Flowers, the lafl: of which dilfufe a very agreeable Fragrance. Thefe Groves abound with fmall Green Paroquets; with a kind of Wood-hens, and a multitude of other Birds not found in Europe. At our leaving thefe delightful Forefts, we entered into vaft Plains which appeared exceedingly fruitful, and very well cult'vateci: and travelling fome Time in thefe, we at laft, difcovered the City of Sennar -f, whofe Si- tuation feemed inchanting. This City, which is near a League and half in Circumference, is very populous, but far from be- ing neat, and is very ill-governed. Sennar is thought to contain about an HundredThoufand Souls. It fti: ids on the JVeJi of the Nile, on an Eminence, * A Term in Botany, given to various Trees, though verv clifFerent one from the other. A Tree of this Name (alfo called CaJJta) grows in Eg vpt^ and is called in Latin, Spina JEgypHa. It anfwers pretty nearly to the Defcription given of this Tree; and from it Gum Arabic^ and a Juice ciUed the True Acacia are taken. Other Trees of a different kind, tho' called by thefame Name, grow in Malabar, in Mcfopotamia^ the Defarts of Ara- bia, Brajfl, Virginia, &c. Acacia is alfo a thick Liquid brought from ihtf Levant in Bladders. ' Tis an excellent Allringent. •f- 1 could not find any of the Towns mentioned in this Journey from Dancnla to Sennar, in our Maps, and indeed no Towns are therein fpecified between them. in TRAVELS of the Jesuit?. 19^ In Thirteen Degrees, Four Minutes, A^<;r;/' Latitude, according to an Ohfcrvation taken at Noon, tlie ^\iiQ{ March 1699 *. The Houfcs are but one Sto- ry high^ and ill-built ; but their TerrafTds, which lerve as Roofs, are very commodious. As to the Suburbs, it confifts of a number of poor Huts, made with Reeds. The King's Palace is furrounded with lofty Walls of Brick baked in the Sun. There does not appear the lead Regularity in thefe Baild- ings, they being thrown up in a confufed and tafte- leis manner. The Apartments of the Palace are richly adorned with large Carpets after the manner of the Levant. The very next Day after our Arrival we were pre- fented to the King. The very firft Thing we did, at our going to this Audience^ was to pull off our Shoes, a Ceremony which all Foreigners v/ho have Accefs to the King, are obliged to obferve •, the Natives never being permitted to appear before him but bare-footed. We now entered a fpacious Court, paved with a kind of Delft-Ware of various -Co- lours. On every fide of it Guards were ftanding armed with Lances. Having almod crofll-d this Court, we were ftopt at a Stone lying near an open Hall, where the King generally gives Audience to Em- bafladors. We faluted the King after the Cuftom of the Country, by falling on our Knees, and kif- fing the Ground thrice. The Monarch is about nineteen Years old> black, but well-fhapcd and of a majeftic Stature ; he not having thick Lips, nor a flat Nofe like thofe of his Subjeds. He was fcated on a very neat kind of Sofa, crofs-Iegged, af- ter the manner of the Eajlerns •, and furrounded by about twenty old Men, feated like himfelf, but a little below him. The Monarch was drefled in a * The City of Sennar, is fituated more to the North in cut Maps. O a long wm ■11 Hi ^1 P I I s: r ;' H wm ?' ' * . 196 TRAVELS ^/i^ Jesuits. long filken Veil embroidered with Gold, having a kind of Scarf over it, mads of very fine Cotton *. He wore on his Head a White Turbant -, and the old Men were dreffed much after the fame Fafhion. The Prime Miniftcr, (landing at the Entrai:ce of the Hall, carried our Compliments to the King, and brought back his Anfwers. We faluted the Mo- narch a fecond Time, after the fame manner as in the Court •, and prefented him with fome Cryftal-Glaffes, t^c. and feveral European Curiofitics, with which he feemed mightily pleafed. The different Quef- tions he alked us, fpoke him a Man of good Senfe, and of an inquifitive Genius. He enquired into the Motives of our Journey, and profefTed the higheft Regard and Attach naent for the Perfon of the Emperor of Ethiopia, After continuing an Hour at this Audience, we withdrew, making three very low Bows. He caufed us to be attended by his Guards to the Houfe where we rcfided ; and fent us large Veflels full of Butter, Honey, and other Refrefh- ments ; and likewife two Oxen and two Sheep. This Prince goes twice a Week and dines at one of his Country -Seats, a League from the City. The Order of his March thither is as follows. Firft appear three or four hundred Horfemen, extreme- jy well-mounted. Next comes the King amidft a great number of Servants, and armed Soldiers, who ling his Praifes with a loud Voice ; a Tabor founding at the fame Time, which makes a Har- mony that is agreeable enough. Seven or eight hundred Maidens and married Women, walk con- fufedly with thefe Soldiers, carrying on their Heads large round Straw-Bafkets, finely wrought * The Original is^ eft ceint d'une efpece d'echarpe de toile de Coton tres.fine, ivhich ma^ mean^ that ht had a Sajh of 'veryfine Cotton round his Loins, 'lie Word Echarpe, Jignifies fometimes a Shoulder-Belt, a Girdht the covering for a Woman s Head or Shoulders, &c. and TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 197 and of various Colours. Thefe Bafkets reprefenting Flowers of every kind, the Lids of which are in a Pyramidal Form, cover Copper Diihes, tinned over, and filled with Fruits and Viands ready dref. fed. Thefe Dilhcs are ferved up to the King, and afterwards diftributed among fuch as have the Ho- nour of attending him. The March is clofed by two or three hundred Horfemen, who proceed in the fame Order as the firft. The King, who never appears in Public, but having his Face covered with a Piece of Silk-gawze of different Colours, fits down at Table the Mo- ment of his Arrival. The mod common Divcr- fion of this Prince is, to propofe Prizes to the No- blemen of his Court •, and to (hoot at a Mark with a Gun, with whofe Ufe they are not yet very well ac- quainted. After fpending the greateft Part of the Day in this Exercile, he returns to the City, in the Evening, in the fame Order as he came from it im the Morning. He Travels in this manner every IFednefday and Saturday. The other Days of the Week he holds a Council Morning and Evening ; and adminifters Juftice to his Subjeds, none of whof: Crimes he permits to go rnpuniflied. Pro- fecutions are not fpun out to any Length here. The Moment a Criminal is feizcd he is carried before the Judge, who examines him -, and, in Cafe he finds him guilty, condemns him to die, when the Sentence is immediately put in Execution. The Criminal being laid hold on, is thrown backwards on the Ground, and then beat with Clubs, on the Bread, till he expires. This kind of Punifhment was inflided, during our flay in Sennar, on one Jofeph^ an Ethiopian, who fome Time before, had apollatized from the Chrijiian Religion, and turned Mohammedan. After this fad Execution, there was brought to me a fick Mohammedan Infant, about five or fix O 3 Months ill I'l S!' M 1-1 i] k\ ^*»* \m iqR travels o/7/v JrsuiTs: Months old, in crJcr that I might cure her. As the Chikl was lo ill tliat I had icarce any Hopes of her Recovery •, Lather Brevedait baptized her fe- cretly, upon Pretence of giving her a Medicine -, and the Child was fo fortunate as to die, after hav- ing being received into ChriR*s Kingdom. One would conclude, that the wonderful Providence of God was plcafed, by this happy Incident, to com- penfate for the I.ofs fuftained by the weeping Pa- rents. Father Brevedent, on the other Hand, was lo overjoyed at his having opened the Gates of Hea- ven to this Babe, that he afllired me with fuch Tran- fports as Words could never exprefs, that had he performed but this fingle A(5l in his Life-tin?>e, he fhoiild have thought himfelf amply rewarded for all the Fatigues and Toils he had undergone during this Journey. Every Thing is vaflly cheap at Sennar. A Ca- mel cods but feven or eight Li vres *, an Ox two Livres and a half, a Sheep Fifteen-pence, and a Hen a Penny ; and fo in Proportion for other Pro- vifions. I'he pLX)ple don't care for Wheaten Bread, iind, therefore they never make any but for F"©- reigners. The Bread eaten by them is made of Dcra, a fmall Grain or Berry mentioned before. This Bread is good, when newj but when above a Day old, 'tis lo inllpid that there's no eating it. 'Tis made in the Form of a large Cake, and about the Thicknefs of a Crown-Piece. The Merchan- dizes of this Country are, Elephant's Teeth, Ta- marinds, Civet, Tobacco, Gold Dud, (s^c. The Market is held every Day in the open Squarv", in the Center of the City, where Provi lions and Mer- chandizes of every kind are fold. There is another Market for Slaves, in the open Square before the * lVbenen)cr our Author /peaks of Moi'ev, ive are to under- jland that of France. A Livre is worth Ten-pence, haJf-penny £"''JiJh* 'i'wenty Penw, or Suls, niuke a Livre. King*s TRAVELS of the ]?.%\JiT^, 199 King's Palace. Thefc fit on the Ground crofs- Jcgged, the Men and Boys on one Side, and the Women and Girls on the other. A very llrong, robuft Slave is purchafed for Ten Crowns *, for which Reafon the Egyptian Merchants carry off great Nunnbers of them annually. The fmalleft Money ufed in Sennar is worth a Double t ; and is a little Bit of Iron, fhaped like St. ylnlhony^s Crofs. The Fadda comes from 'Turkey. 'Tis a Silver Piece, very thin -, of a lefs Size than the Denier % -, and is worth a little more than a French Penny or Sol ||. Befides thefe two Sorts of Coins, thofe in Ufe are only Spanijh Reals and Pieces of Eight ; and thefe muft be round, the fquare Ones not pafTing current here. In this Country a Piece of Eight is worth about four Livres. The Heats of Sennar ** are fo violent, that a Perfon can fcarce breathe in Day-time. ■ Thefe Heats begin in January^ and end at the Clofe of ApriL They are fucceeded by heavy Showers of Rain, which laft Three Months, infed the Air, and caufe a great Mortality among Men and Cattle. This is partly owing to the Indolence of the floven- ly Inhabitants, who negled to drain off the Wa- ters ; thefe ftagnate, and afterwards corrupting, raife malignant Vapours. Thefe People are naturally knavifh ; and, at the fame Time, very fuperllitious, and ftrongly at- tached to their Religion, which is the Mohammedan, Whenever they meet a Chrijiian in the Streets, they I 111' l\ U I t, M -ii*! * A French Crown (confifling of Three Livres) is worth about Two Shillings and Nine-Pence, Engltjh. •\ A French Brafs Coin 'worth /ouo Deniers. X A French Brafs Coi», the Twelfth Part of a Penny. II The Original is, un Sol Marque^ that is, a marked or flamped Penny ; fignifying a Stamp made, by the King of FrfmcB's Order, on every Sol or fenny, to increafe its Value a little. ** Sennar, in Arabic, fignifes Polfon and Fire, O 4 always t .Alt I :h ; t^ 200 TRAVELS of the ]r<^v its. always repeat their Confeflion o\ Faith, which is, There is hut one God^ ^« tl ^ i\ 204 TRAVELS of the Jesvits^ the Palm-Tree, and in much the fame Form. Its Leaves are like that of a Fan, but larger ; its Fruit is round, and in Clufters ; and, and from the Stalk to the middle Part of it, a little larger than thofc above-mentioned. This Fruit is covered with five very hard Shells, which form a kind of Cup. 'Tis Yellow when ripe ; and its Rind is fo very thick and hard, that when thefe Trees are Ihaken by the Winds ; the Fruits ftriking one againft the other, make a dreadful Noife. Should any one of them break away on thefe Occafions, and fall upon a Man's Head, it would certainly kill him. The Shell of this Fruit being broke, (which is not done without Difficulty) we perceive a great Number of Filaments, containing a Subftance very like Honey. This Subftance, which fmells like Balm, is fo fweet and grateful, that I don't remember ever to have taftcd any Thing more delicious. In the middle of this Subftance is a large, hard, brown Lentil ; and chis is the Seed of the Tree in queftion. Befides the Fruit above-mentioned, this Tree bears alfo ano- ther fliaped like a Raddifti, and covered with three Rinds which muft be taken off, and has the Tafte of boiled Cheftnuts. The Domi is as the Male of the Daleh. 'Tis not half the height of the Palm-Tree ; but its Leaves are almoft as long, and twice the breadth. Of thefe they make Balkets, Matts, and even Sails for fuch Velfels as go on the Red-Sea, This Tree pro- duces Fruit a Foot long, covered with five or fix Leaves, the Subftance of which is white, fweet as Milk, and very nourifliing. The Tree called Coogles *, is likewife of a ftu- pendous Size. Thefe are nine or ten thick Trees tvvifted together, very irregularly. It bears a little Leaf, but no Fruit, and only fmall blue Flowers * CougUi in French, that TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 205 tliat have no Smell. There are feveral other Trees, wholly unknown to Europeans^ in thefe wide-ex- tended Forefts. "We ftaid nineteen Days in Geajtm *. This Town is half way between the City of Sennar and the Confines of Ethiopia ; and in the Tenth Degree of North Latitude, according to the Obfervation made by Father Brevedent 7. Travellers who ar- rive at Gea/tm are obliged to fell their Camels on Account of the Mountains they muft crofs, and which produce Herbs that poifon thefe Beafts. For this Reafon the Ethiopians employ only Mules and Horfes, which are not fhod. The Camels are fold at Geqftm^ upon this Condition, that the Venders fliall make Ufe of them as far as Girana^ where they are fetch'd by the Purchafers. At Geafim we faw a Caravan of Giber tis or Mohammedans^ . depen- dent on the Emperour of Ethiopia^ who treats them like flaves, agreeably to their Name. The Reafon of our long Stay at Geafim was on Account of the Death of the Queen, Mother to the King of Sennar. The OfRcer who conducted us returned to Sennar for frefli Orders from his Sovereign, and we were obliged to wait for him. This proved a fad Dif- appointment to us, the Rains falling in this Place. At fir ft they did not fall till after Sun-fet. Thefe Showers are always preceeded by Thunder and Lightning. The Sky, in the Day-time, is vaftly ferene, but the Heat is intolerable. We left Geafim the i ith of June\ and after tra- velling five Hours, came to a Village call'd Beleb^ on Account of the vaft Viftos of the Trees fo named, which extend out of Sight. We travelled a long ;l.i' \ Lm .!,^ * Giejtm, in the Original. •j- This Town (Geafim) muft be very far in Myjfiniat accord- ing to our Maps, and a confiderable Way higher than the Sources oftheA^/Tf. Either our Geographers, or our Traveller muil be miilal^en. I Way mi 206 T R A V E L S ^ //j^ Jesuits. Way in thefe delightful Allies, they being planted chequer-wife. The next Day we arrived at Sbo *, a Village fitiiated on the N/le -, and the Day follow- ing at ylbotkna^ where we faw a Kind of Box, which is neither fo leafy nor fo ftrong as ours. All this "Way we came thro' vaft Groves of Tamarind-trees, which have a perpetual Verdure, and the Leaf is larger than that of the Cyprefs-tree. The Tree in queftion produces fmall blue, odoriferous Flowers, and a Fruit very like the Plumb, 'Tis called Er^ deb in this Country. Thefe Forefts of Tamarind- trees are fo very tufted that the Sun cannot pierce through them. We fpent the following Night in the Valley of Soimone, in the Middle of a beautiful Meadow ; and in two Days reached Serka f, a neat City, confiding of five or fix hundred Houfes, which are very prettyj tho' built only of Indian Canes or Reeds. Serka Hands in a fine Valley, furrounded with Mountains. At our going out of this City we come to a fmall River, which feparates Ethiopia from the Kingdom of Sennar. From Serka^ which we left on the 20th of June^ to GomW II, the Capital of Ethiopia^ we met with a great Number of fine Springs ; and an almoft conti- nual Range of Mountains, in difii'erent Forms, but all very agreeable, and covered with Trees unknown in Europe^ which feemed to us loftier and more beau- * Chau, in the Original. f Serkiy in French, All thefe Parts feem Terra incognita to the Europeans. II Other Write'-s,and particularly Z«rt<7^,(Ithink)calltheCapital q{ AhyJJinia, AmVara, being alfo the Name oKa Province. Either they or our T'raveller mult be miftaken, unlefs feme Change Ihould have happened in Ethiopia^ fince tlie Time o^ Ludolf^ &c. I fuppofe, however, that this City Qondar, is that c^li'd Contar, placed in about i 3 Degrees of North Latituce by Mo//. If it be true that the yjl})£inian Monarch generally keeps his Court in a Camp, and the People live more under Tents than in Houles, I don't know any Place in Et/iiopia^ which wc could properly call a Capital. tiful TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 207 tiful than thofe of Sennar, Thefe Mountains, fome of which are pyramidal, and others in the Form of a Cone, are fo well ciiltivatedj that not the lead Spot is fiifiered to lie ufelefs ; and at the fame time, are fo populous, that a Traveller would imagine them to be one continued City. The next Day we lay at "i^amhiJIo^ a large Village belonging to the Pa- triarch of Ethiopia^ and on the Morrow we reached Abead^ fituated on a high Mountain, covered with Sycamore-trees. The Country, quite from Geqfim to this Place, is covered with Cotton. The 23d of June we fiopt in a Valley fulj of Ebony-trees, ard Indian CsLnts, where a Lion carried off one of our Camels. Lions are common in this Country, and their Roaring is heard all Night ; Travellers fccure themfelves from them by lighting up and keeping in great Fires. On thefe Mountains are found Squinautes *, and a great many other aromatic Plants and Herbs. The ^ 4.th we crofs'd the Kwtxo^Gandova -]-, which is vei ' p and very rapid, whence the eroding of it is r. • ■ >red vaftly dangerous. 'Tis not quite fo wide as the Seine at Paris. It rufhes from the Mountains with fo much Impetuofity that, in over- flowing, it drags along all Things in its Way. On thefe Occafions, it Ibmetimes fwells to fuch a De- gree, that 'tis ten Days before Travellers can get over. As the River happened to be very low at that time, we crofs'd it with Eafe. This River falls in- to another rall'd Tekefel \\ , or the dreadful •, and thefe two Rivers uniting together empty themfelves in the Nile. We crofs'd two other large Rivers oa the Morrow. Their Banks were lin'd with Box- i : ^i. ii *s I ■} * I have not been able to make any Difcovery with regard to this Plant. f I don't find this River in our Maps. II I fuppofe this is the River call'd Tacazp. in Miil, VvhiJi takes a long Courfe, and empties itfelf in the Nile. 2, tree?, i 2o8 TRAVELS of fJbe ]esv its, trees, of a furprizing Thicknefs, and as tall as our Beach-trees. That Day one of our Beads of Bur- then ftraying from the Caravan, was bit in the Thigh by a Bear. The Wound was large and dan- gerous •, but the People of the Country applying only a Cauftic and Fire to it, the Bead: was perfedl- ]y cured. The 26th we entered a wide Plain, covered with Pomegranate-trees ; and fpent the Night there in Sight of Girana, whither we arrived next Day. Girana is a Village on the Top of a Mountain, whence we have a Profpedt of the fineft Country in the World *. Here we travel in another manner, we quitting our Camels in order to ride on Horfe- back, as was before obferved. The Lord o^ Girana came and paid us a Vifit, and ordered Refrelhments to be brought us. Here we found a Guard of Thirty Men fent by the Emperor of Ethiopia for our Security, and in honour to the Patriarch's Bro- ther who was in our Caravan -, and we were freed from all Care of the Baggage, purfuant to the Cuftom of that Empire. The manner of doing this is as follows. When the Emperor of Ethiopia invites any Per- fon to his Court, his Baggage is intrufted with the Lord of the firft Village, which happens to lie in the Way. This Lord puts it into the Hands of his VafTals, who are obliged to carry it to the neighbouring Village. Thefe give it to the Inha- bitants of the fecond Village, who carry it to the next they meet with ; and fo on till it gets to the Capital; all which is performed with furprifing Exadnefs and Fidelity. * The moft efteemed Travellers, who have been in AhyJ/inia^ declare it to be either fuirounded by Mountains, or by Defarts that are next to cnpaflable. But that the Country within thefe is vaftly beautiful and level, watered by feveral fine Rivers, and diverfified with Woods and Plains, flocked with Palm-trees, Dates and Cedars. The T'^Pi.YEhSof the Jesuits. 209 The Rains, the Fatigue of the Journey, and ef- pccially Father Brevedeni's Indifpolition, obh'ged us to flay fome Days in Girana, We ieft it the firfl of July *, and after travelling three Hours, over Mountains, and through almoft unpaflable Ways, we arrived at Barcngea *, and the next Day at Shel- ga *, a large, and beautiful City furroundcd with Aloes. This is a Place of great Trade ; a Market is kept there every Day, whither the Inhabitants of the neighbouring Towns come to fell Civet, Gold, and all Ibrts of Cattle and Provifions. The King of Sennar keeps, in this City, with the confent of the Ennperor of Ethiopia^ a Cuflom-houfe Offi- cer, who receives the Duty paid on all the Cotton brought out of his Kingdom into Ethiopia \ and thefe Duties are equally divided between the two Princes. Two Leagues from ShelgUy Northward, is feen a Torrent which falls from a very high and very ftecp Mountain, and forms fuch a natural Cafcade as Art could fcarcely imitate. As the Wa- ter of this Cafcade is divided into various Canals or Streams, it paffes through the whole Country, and renders it vaftly fruitful. The third of July we arrived at Barko^ a fmali but very pretty City, {landing in the mid ft of a inoft agreeable Plain, and half a Day's Journey from the Capital of Ethiopia, We were forced to Hop in this Place, I myfelf falling grievoufly fick ; and my dear Companion Father Brevedenty being in a few Days brought near his End, occafioned by his taking a violent Purge of Ricinus America- nus -f called Cataputia^ which had been prcfcribed * Chel^at in French. I don't iind either this or Baravgodi in our Maps. f Jn Frencht Pignons d'hide. I am not fure whether this w the Ricinuf /imerkanuSf which is the fruit of a Tree, very- corn men in the Lland Antilles in America. It grows to the hti^';ht of a Figtree, and is Ihaped like it. This Fruit purges Vioici.t'y downwards, and fometimes upwards, ' P for t ; \'A \ m ilii! 210 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. for Iiim, very improperly, at Tripoli in Syria. This Medicine which is ever dangerous in the Opinion of a very learned Man *, had thrown him into a very troublefome Purging, which he had always con- cealed from me, out of Modefly. I no fooner heard of his Illnefs, but I got myfelf carried to his Chamber, notwithftanding my being vaftly out of Order. My Tears rather than my Expreflions in- formed him that I thought it was impoflible for me to do him any Service, and that his Difeafe was mortal. Thefe Tears were fincerci and could I have faved him, though I had loft my own Life, I Ihould have facrificed it with Pleafure. But he was ripe for Heaven, and the Almighty thought pro- per to recompence his Apoftolical Liabours. I had known him at Grand Cairo^ where his Reputation was fo great, that it was believed God had indulged him with more than ordinary Graces; and even en- dowed him with the Gift of Miracles and Pro- phecy f. This is the Idea I had formed to myfelf of him from common Fame, the Truth of which I myfelf afterwards knew perfedtly, by various Predidlions, with regard to his own Death ; and by feveral other Things which happened to me exadlly as he had foretold them. During his whole Journey, the Al- inighty was the only Topic of his Difcourfe; and his Words were forcible, and in fuch a ft rain of Piety, that they made the deepeft I m predion on my Mind. In his latter Moments, his Heart feemed almoft infenfible to any Emotions, except thofe of Love and Gratitude towards his Creator ; and tiiefe Emotions were fo rapturous that I ftiall never for- get them. In fuch Sentiments this holy Man * Philof. Cofmopol. •\ Dr. Poncet fcems herf» ^d On one Occafion or two more, to be of a fuperftitious Tur of Mind ; though ii\ other Re- fpeds an agreeable Write . 2 breathed TRAVELS of the ]e%\5 IT %, 211 breathed his lafl:, in a Foreign Land, within fight of the Capital of Ethiopia ; in hke manner as St. Francis Xavier^ whofe Name- fake Jie was, formerly died before China, jiifc as he was entering it, in the Defign of winning over that Empire to Chrift. To do Juftice to Father Brevedent^s, Chara'iter, I muft declare that I never knew a Man who difco- vered greater Intrepidity in Danger -, more Firm- nefs and Refolution in fupporting the Caufe of Re- ligion ; or more Modefty and Piety in his general Behaviour and Condu(?-, He died the 9th of July i6g^, at Three in thv, ^. -noon. Several Ethio- pian Friars, who happenea lO fee him t .vy'e, were fo touched, fo edified by it, that I don't doubt but they'll preferve, as long as they live, a great Vene- ration for the Memory of this holy Mifllonary. Thefe Friars came on the Morrow in a Body, dref- fed in their facerdotal Veftments, with each an Iron Crofs in his Hand. After offering up the Prayers for the dead, and making the ufual perfumings with Incenfe, they themfelves carried the Body into a Church dedicated to the Bleffed Virgin, and buried it there. My Illnefs, and the Grief with which I was feized, detained mc in Barko till the 2 1 fi: of July, when I fet out for Gondar t, at which City I ar- rived in the Evening. I alighted at the Palace, where an Apartment was prepared for me near that of one of the Emperor's Children. The very next Day I had the Honour to fee this Monarch, who, at the fame time that he difcovered the greateft Goodnefs for me, expreffed his Sorrow for the Death of my Companion, whofe Merit and Capacity had been hinted to him. He bid me take all the reft necelfary for the Recovery of my Health, before I attempted to appear in Public. He ufed to come, X This Capital City is called Gondar a Cat;na, that ist City of the Seal. ?-K\ ■^:^, I'lM I P 2 through 1 ! 1: • ' 1 i ^ 1 1 i m 212 TRAVELS o/"//^^ Jesuits. through a little Gallery which led to my Apart- ment, and vifit me almofl: every Day : and when I had a little more Strength, which the Toils and Fa- tigues of my Journey had greatly impaired, I had the Honour to be admitted to a Public Audience, on the loth of Auguft^ abut ten in the Morning. Some Perfons came then to my Room •, and after making me crofs upwards of Twenty Apartments *, I found myfelf in a Hall where the Kmperor was feated on his Throne. 'T '^s a kind of Sofa, co- vered with a Carpet of red Damafk enriched with Gold Flowers. Around were placed large CuQiions worked with Gold. This Throne, the Feet of which are of folid Gold, was placed at the upptjr End of the Hall, in an Alcove covered with a Dome all fhining with Gold and Blue. The Em- peror was in a filken Veil embroidered with Gold, with very long Sleeves: and the Salh which went round him was embroidered in the fame T^. j. He was bare-headed, and his Hair was difpofed very agreeably in Trefles. A large Emerald + glittered above his Forehead, anddiffufed an Air of Majefty. He was alone in his Alcove, feated on his Couch, and crofs-legged after the manner of the Eafterns. The chief Noblemen flood in a Line on each fide of him, * This muft be a large Pile of Building, contrary to wJiat we are told by fome Writers, who afliim that there are none of any confiderable Extent in AbyJJinia. Thefe Travellers relates, that the Monarch in queIlion,generaIIy keeps, as was before obferved, his Court in a Camp, which is difpofed in the Form of Streets : As he is ever attended by his Nobles, Officers, Tradefman, i:$c. this Camp never fails of being well fupplied with Provifions, l^c. But moll Writers affirm that the Buildings in JbyJJinia are very mean, being fo many Huts made only of Clay and little Pieces of Wood : That the AbyJJimanSy when the Europeans firft came among them, about two Centuries ago, had neither Palaces, Churches, nor walled Towns : However, that the Miffionaries afterwards taught them to build thefe; but that vcty few of them are Handing at this Time. f 'Tis related, that the largell Emeralds in the World come from this Country. their TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 213 tlicir Hands croflcd ; and they obferved a re/pe(5tful Silence. Being come to the Foot of the Throne, I made three very low Bows to the Emperor, and kified Jiis Hand. This is an Honour he indulges only to fuch Perfons as he is pleafed to diftinguiili ; for as to others, he does not give them his Hands to kifs till after they have proftratcd themfelves three Times, and kifled his Feet. I then prefented him with the Letter written by Mr. Maillet^ the French Conful, which being interpreted that Inftant, fcemed to give him Satisfaction. He alked me feveral Queftion concerning the Perfon of his Majefty, whom he fpoke of as the greatcft and mod powerful Prince in Europe * ; concerning the State of the Royal Fa- mily, and the Grandeur and Forces of France. After having anfwered thefe feveral Queftions, I gave him my Prefents, confiding in Pidures,' Look- ing- Glafles, Vafes of Chryftal, and other Works in Glafs all curioufly wrought. The Emperor re- ceived rhem very gracioufly ; and as I was ftill weak, he commanded me to fit down, when a magnificent Collation was fcrved up. The next Day the Monarch himfelf, and one of his Children, began to enter upon a Courfe of Phyfic •, and both followed my Prefcriptions very exa(5lly ; and thefe were fo happy in their EfFefts, that they were perfedly cured in a fhort Time. This Succefs won me new Favour, fo that the Em- peror treated me with greater Familiarity than be- fore. He feemed to be of a very devout Frame of Mind. Though he was llill under a Courfe of Phy- fic, he yet rcfolved to receive the Sacrament •, and to appear in Public on the Day of the Airuniption of the Virgin, to which the Ethiopians pay a parti- * The Trench felclom or never fall to oalt their own Monarch, on all Occafion^, and in all Placca. P3 cular ■r(. I '] lBiars have Hke- wife the Diredion of a College, where the Officers of the Palace are taught to read the Scriptures. The Princefs Helcia^ Sifter to the Emperor, has a magnificent Palace in the City of Gondar. As the Princcfles in Ethiopia are not allow'd to marry Foreigners, one of the chief Lords of the Empire is her Husband. She goes thrice a Week to the Palace to vifit the Emperor her Brother, who has the greateft Efteem and Friendlhip for her. When- ever that Lady appears in public, (he is mounted on a Mule richly caparifon'd ; with two of her Women (one on each Side) carrying a Canopy. She. is fur- rounded by four or five hundred Women finging Verfes in her praife ; and founding Tabors in a very fprightly Tone. Some of the Houfes in Gondar are built after the European Manner; but mod of them are in the Form of a Cone *. Altho' the City oi Gondar is three or four Leagues in Circumference, it yet has not the beautiful Air of our Cities, nor can ever have it, becaufe the Houfes are but of one Story, and there are no Shops ; notwithfl"anding which a great Trade is carried on here -f. All the Merchants or Tradcfmen meet in a vallly are only little Huts of green Boughs and Clay. When Relations of the fame Thing or Place are diredliy oppofire, a thinking Man is naturally apt to be a Sceptic on thofe Occafions. * The French is, a tin enionnoir renverj., i. e. to a Funnel Handing on the broad End. -|- 'I'he chief Trnde of the Ahjpniam is, they barter Gold, Emeralds, and iine Hories, for Silks, Stuffs, CaIicoc^, Linca and C:irpets. \ ery few Ahyjfmlans travel into other Countries, fo that their Trade is manag'd by Arabians, J'e'xvs, or Jrmc- iiiam. The Turb will not let tliKiii trarluk vvi;h any other Naiijn U ;:■■ :J :a m 220 TRAVELS of the Jesvjts. a vaftly large open Place, to tranfad their Bufinefs, and there the feveral Commodities are expos'd to Sale. The Market lafts from Morning till Night, and Commodities of every Kind are fold in it. Every Trader has a Place fit for his Purpofe, where the Goods he fells are fpread on a Mat. The Monies current in this Country are * Gold and Salt. Gold is not coin'd with the Prince's Image, as in Europe, but continues in Ingots, which the Traders cut, as they have Occafion, from an Ounce to half a Dram, worth thirty Pence of our Money ; and to prevent it's being debas'd, there are Goldfmiths every where, who make an Eflay of it. Rock- fait (ex- ceedingly white and hard) is us'd as the fmall Mo- ney. 'Tis taken out of the Mountain Lafta, whence *tis carry'd into the Emperor's Warehotifes, and there cut into large flat Pieces -f- call'd Amooli, and into half Pieces call*d Coorman. Every Amooli is a Foot long, and three Inches thick. Tenof thefe Amooli are worth three French Crowns. They are broke according as the Payment is greater or lei's *, and this Salt is employ'd not only as Money, but likewife for domeftic Ufes. There are about an hundred Churches in the Ci- ty of Gotidar. The Patriarch, who is the Head in religious Matters t» and refides in a noble Palace near the patriarchal Church, is fubordinate to the Patriarch of Alexandria, who confecraces him. He nominates the feveral Superiors of the Monafteries, Nation but themfelves ; and on this Account, maintain a drift Guard upon the Red Sea, to keep out every other People. * 'Tis faid there are vaft Quantities of Gold in this Empire, tho' there are no C old Mines wrought. f 7he Original fays. On Ic foi me en Tablettes, which figni- iies literally, in the Shape of Lozenges. % According to the moil approved Travellers, the Emperor i: Mead in Spirituals a& well as iu 'IVniporali. who TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 221 and has an abfolute Power over all the Monks *, who are very numerous ; there being no other Priefts in Ethiopia except thefe, as there are no other Bi- fhops but the Patriarch. The Emperor pays the latter the higheft Regard. He order'd me to vifit him, and gave rn: ^ome Curiofities to prefent him with. This Preiarcr, whofe Name is Abona Marcos^ received me very civilly •, when putting a Stole about my Neck, and holding an enamel'd Crofs in his Hand, he repeated cercain Prayers over my Head, as a Declaration that he would conlider me, from this Time, as one of his Flock and of his Sons. The Priefts have a great Afcendant over the People, but they fometimes make an ill life of it. The Emperor Atee Bajike^ Grandfather to the Monarch who now fways the Sceptre fo glorioufly, caus'd fe- ven Thoufand of them to be thrown headlong from the Mountain of Balbo^ for rebelling againft him. The Reader may form a Judgment of the vaft: Multitude there are in this Empire, from what I was one Day told by the Predeceflbr of the prefent Patriarch, viz. that he had made, in one Ordination, ten Thoufand Priefts and fix Thoufand Deacons. The whole Ceremony of Ordination confifts in this: The Patriarch, being feated, reads the Beginning of St. John's Gofpel over the Heads of fuch as are to be ordained Priefts •, and gives them his Bleffing with an Iron Crofs f weighing feven or eight Pounds, * Thefe Mcnks do not dwell in Cloifters, but live in feparate Hutts, a great Number of which are rai&'d near fome Church, where every Monk officiates in his Turn ; and each of thefe Vil- j:iees, if I may fo term them, of Hutts, is fubjeft to an Abbot. Thefe Monks till the Ground, and fupport themfelves by their Labour; which cannot be faid of many of thofe among the Ro* man Catholicks. I'he Ahyjfmian Monks are not allow'd to marry, which poflibly mull be underftood only of fuch as are in Presbyter's or Priell*a Orders ; it being faid that Sub-presby>. ters. Deacons, and Sub-deacons may marry once, f The Clergy always have a Crofs m their Hands, which all who meet them kifs. They have no Images in their Churches, but many Pi^^ures. which ■*^';; :ll Till lii 222 TRAVELS p/tbe Jesuits. which he holds in his Hand. As to the Deacons^ he only gives them his BlelTing without reading the Gofpel. The Predcceflbi' of the prefent Patriarch, who had been the Emperor's Tutor or Governor, died, during my Abode, in the City of Gondar. Tho* he had been remov'd on Account of his irregular Life, neverthclefs the Monarch, out of Gratitude for the excellent Education he had received from his Preceptor, had always fliewn him a particular Af- fedtion. He fell fick at Tanket^ a Country-feat of his. The Emperor commanded me to vifit him, and defir'd me to preferve the Life of a Man who was dear to him. I accordingly ftaid two Days with him, to enquire into his Diftemper; when finding it would be impolfible for him to recover, I did not adminifter a fingle Dofe of Phyflck, lefb I fliould lofe my Reputation among an ignorant People, who poflibly would have reported that I had killed him ; he dying two Days after. Ar my Return, I met with the moft extraordi- nary Accident that ever befcl me. I was coming from Gondar, attended by my Servants, mounted on a Mule ; that Beaft being generally us'd in this Country for travelling. The Mule took Fright on a fudden, and run away with theutmofl Fury, tho* I did all that lay in my Power to Hop him. I crofs'd with dreadful Swiftnels three vaftly deep Precipices, without receiving the lead Hurt. I feem'd, by a particular Protection of Heaven, as faftned to the Beaft, who rather Hew than ran. Moor at ^ whom the Emperor has lent Embaflador to France, and is now in Grand Cairo, where he waits for his Or- ders, as well as all my Servants, were Eye-witnefTes to this furprizing Accident, which Father Brevedeni foretold me a little before he died *. * / am forry tofaid tl-efe JVeakneJJes in our Traveller. The who died, Tho' TRAVELS o//Z^^ Jesuits. 223 The Emperor feem'd inconfolable on Account of the old Patriarch's Death. He went into Mourning fix Weeks •, and, during the firlt Fortnight, bc- wail'd him twice a Day. A Purple Drcfs is us*d (by Princes) for Mourning in Ethiopia^ as in France, The Ethiopians hate the Mohammedans and Euro- peans much alike, the Occafion of which is as fol- lows. The Mohammedans rifing to great Power in Ethiopia^ in the Beginning of the fixteenth Cen- tury, feiz'd upon the Government : But the AhyJJi- iiians abhorring their fevere and odious Yoke, call*d to their Afliitance the Portugueze^ who, at that Time, were famous in India^ where they were juft fettled. Thefe new Conquerors were extremely well pleas'd to have free Accefs to Ethiopia. Accord- ingly they march'd againft the Mohammedans^ fought, defeated them entirely, and reftored the Imperial Family to the Throne. The important Service the Pcrtugueze did on this Occafion, made them confi- derable in the Court of Ethiopia ^ for which Reafon many of them fettled there, and were honour'd \\]\.\\ the chief Employments. Their Numbers increafing, their Manners became deprav'd ; and they at laft grew fo infolent, that the Ethiopians were lir'd with Jealoufy, imagined that they defign'd to feize on their Country, and make it dependant on the Crown of Portugal. This Sufpicion .animated the common People, even to Fury, againft the Portu- gueze i upon which they immediately took up Arms every where, and made a dreadfjl Havock of thofe Foreigners, at a Time when they fancied thernfelves moft itrongly fettled in the Empire. Thofe who efcap'd the MafTacre obtained Leave to quit the Country. Accordingly ieven thouland Portugiieze Families left it, and fettled cither in India^ or on the Coafts of Africa, However, fome ftaid in the Country ; and from thefe Families iprung the white Ethiopians who are ftill feen there ; and fiom whom. :i "inl'fi iff-': w,i m « 1 I m '224. TRAVELS o/the Jesuits. ivhom, we are told, theprefentEmprefs, mention'd above, is delcended. Mohammedans are permitted to inhabit the City of Gondar^ but only in the lower Part of it, and in a Diftrid by themfelves. They arc calPd Gibertis^ that is. Slaves. The E- tbiopians cannot bear to eat with them 5 they wou'd not even touch any Meat that had been kill'd by a Mohammedan^ nor drink out of a Cup which had touch'd his Lips, unlefs a Friar had firfl blefs'd ir, by making the Sign of the Crofs ; repeating Pray- ers ; and blowing thrice over the Cup, as tho* to drive the evil Spirit from it. Whenever 2in Elhio- plan meets a Mohammedan in the Streets, he falutes him with his left Hand, which is a Mark of Con- tempt. The Empire of Ethiopia is of a vaft Extent, * and confifts of fevcral Kingdoms. That of Tigra^ the Viceroy whereof, nam'd Gorekos, prefides over twenty-four Principalities, which are fo many little Governments. The Kingdom of ^go "f is one of the Emperor's new Conquefts, and was formerly a Commonwealth, having its own Laws and Govern, ment. The Emperor of Ethiopia has always two Armies on foot ; one on the Frontiers of the King- dom of Nerofea, and the other on the of the King- dom of Goyam^ where the richefl Gold Mines are found t All the Oar brought from thefe Mines is carry*d to Gondar, where 'tis refin'd and caft into Ingots, which are depofited in the Imperial Trea- fury, whence they are never taken out, except to * Travellers whofe Veracity is mo'l «fleeni*d relate, that the Empire of AbyJJinia is not above a thoufand Miles in Circumfe- rence. Writers differ very much in their Accounts of the Ex- tent of this Empire, one Reafon of which may be, that fome Parts of it may have been fubdued and difmembred. •f" Agau. X I had obferved before, that moft Travellers affirm that no Gold Mines are wrought here. pay TRAVELS of the Jesvits. 225 pay the Troops and defray the Expences of the Court *. The great Power of the Emperor confids in this, that lie is abfokite Maftcr of whatever his Subjects poffels*, he taking away, or beftowing at Plea- fiire. Whenever the Father of a Family dies, tlie Monarch feizes all his real Eftate, two Thirds of which he leaves to his Children or his Heirs. He be- ftows the remaining Third to another Perfon, who hereby becomes his Feudatory, and is oblig'd to ferve in the Wars at his own Expence, and to fur- niHi Soldiers in Proportion to the Eftate he beft:ows upon him. By that Means the Ab^fjfiniajt Monarch, who has a numberlefs Multitude of thefe Feudato- ries, can raife powerful Armies in a fliort Time, and at a fmall Expence. In every Province is a Comptroller's Office, where an exadl Regifter is kept of all Pofleffions that revert to the Imperial Domain, by the Death of the PoffeflTor, and which are afterwards beftow'd on Feudatories. The Manner in which Perfons are inverted with thefe Fiefs or PofTeflions are as follow. The Monarch fends to the Perfon whom he has ap- pointed his Feudatory, a Slip or Piece of Taffety, on which the following Words are writ in Gold Letters, Jefus^ Emperor of Ethiopia, of the Tribe of Judah, ever victorious over his Enemies -f. The Officer who carries this Order from the Emperor, * According to Dr. Poncet, the AhyJJinian Monarch is very powerful ; but others relate, that the Turh have quite dipp'd his Wings. This was owing to the civil War which the Ethio- pians carry'd on againft him, which the Turks taking Advan- tage of, feiz'd on all his Territories lying on the Red Sea, and by that Means prevented his having the lealt Intercourre with any Nation but themfelves. f 'Tis faid that every Emperor, at his Acceffion, aflumes a particular Name, or rather Motto, as the Belo'ued of God, Son of the Pillar of Sion, of the Seed of Jacob, of the Pofterity of David and Solomon ; they having a Tradition, tha: they are deTcended, by the Queen of Sh'ha^ from Solomon, Q^ fixes \l ■'& \\ I>* I '226 TRAVELS of the Jesuits; fixes the Piece of Silk, with Ceremony, on the Fore- head of the new Feudatory ; and afterwards goes, attended by Trumpets, KettleD-rums, and other Inftruments, and fome Horfemcn, and puts him in PoffelTion of the new Eftate. The Emperor's Anceftors us*d to appear in pub- lick on dated Days, but the prcfcnt Monarch has freed himfelf from that Servitude ; he going Abroad whenever he thinks proper, either with or without Splendor. When he comes forth in Ceremony, he is mounted on a Horfe richly caparifon'd, furround- ed by a great Body of Horfe, and preceeded and follow'd by a Guard of two thoufand Men. As the Sun is fo intenfely hot ia Ethiopia, that it fleas the Skin off the Face, unlefs the utmoft Care be taken ; to prevent this, the Emperor has a Piece of thick Paper, of the Paftboard Kind, which be- ing bent in a femi-circular Form, and cover*d with a rich Gold Stuff, is fix'd under his Chin. I'his he does that he may not be troubled with an Um- brello, but be cool'd by the Air both before and behind. The mOfl ufual Diverfion of this Monarch is to exercife his Troops, and flioot with a Musket, in wJiich he is fo expert, that he is thought to be the beft Markfman in all his Empire. The Rains continue fix Months in Ethiopia, they beginning in ^pril, and not ceafing till the End of September, During the firft three Months, the Weather is ferene and beautiful in the Day-time j but the Inftant the Sun fets, it falls a raining, and continues to do fo 'till Sun-rife, on which Occafions there are commonly Thunder and Lightning. The Caufe of the Overflowing of the Nile, which hap- pens regularly every Year in Egypt, has long been fought, and fldfly afcrib'd to the melting of the Snows, I being of Opinion that no Snow was ever feen in that Country. We need fearch for no 0- ther Caufe of this Inundation, than tliofe Rains which TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 227 which fixll with fo much Violence, that they fcem to form a Deluge *. The Rivers then fwell in an ex- traordinary Manner, and, with their Impctuofity, carry along Gold much purjr than that taken out of the Mines. The Pealants gather it up very carefully. There is fcarce any Country more po- pulous, or more fruitful, than Ethiopia. All the Plains, and even the Mountains, of which there are a great Number, are culcivated. W'e fee entire Plains cover'd with Cardamum i", and Ginger, which difflifcs a very agreeable Fragrancy •, and the Plant which produces it is four times the Size of that of India. The Multitude of large Rivers which wa- ter Ethiopia^ whofe Banlis arc always embellifh'd with Lillics, Junquils, Tulips, and a vafl: Variety of other Flowers which I never faw in Europe.^ make this Country a perfed Paradife. The Forefts are fill'd with Orange and Lemon Trees, Jafmin, Pomegranate, and feveral other Trees fill'd with Flowers of exquifite Beauty, and thefe ftied deli- cious Odours. We here find a Tree which produ- ces a fort of Rofes much more fragrant than ours. I faw an Animal of an extraordinary Species in this Country. 'Tis not much larger than a Cat, but has the Face of a Man, and a white Beard %, .t"! '.? as ever * The ableft Geographers and Travellers feem to be of this Opinion j they relating, that the Waters of the "Nile are very muddy and thick, particularly when fweli'd by the violent Rains which fall between the Tropi>.ks in the Summer Seafon. Thefe Waters falling into the low Lands, leave a prolific Mud, which renders the feveral Countries where they lie very fruitful. All Rivers between the Tropicks fvvell and lcr:ilize the Lands in this Manner. We arc not certain that the true Heads or Fountains of the A^f/^ are yet difcover'd, whch, according to fome, rife in Woods, impervious to the Sun-beams. \ A medicinal and ifery arom'U'r: Sficr, contain d in Hush or Shells brought from India and Aribia. -fhere are three Kinds of it. Cardofiium is nxjarm and drv ; it is jaid to iircngthen tht I'italsy difpel Wind, and aid Dig-fiion. X I fuppofe 'tis of the Monkey .vind. CL2 Its lliii u '' i 228 TRAVELS of tbe ]r,sviTs. Its Voice is like that of a Perfon's bewailing hiin- Iclf. Tliis Animal knps always upon a 'J'rce j and, as I was aflfuiM, is brought forth and ilics upon it. 'Tisfovcry wiltl that there's no taming it. If a Mar catches one of them, and endeavours to prt:ft:rve it, tho' he takes ever fo much Pains, the Creature waftes, and quite pines with Melancholy 'till it dies. One of them was taken down before me : Tiie Crea- ture, fixing itfclf to the Bough of a Tree, by en- twining its I,egs one within the other, died Ibme Days after. As foon as the rainy Seafon is over, the E.mpe- ror ufually talces the Field. He makes War on the Kings of Galla and ShangaUa *, who are his moft powerful Enemies. Thefc Princes, who were formerly Tributaries to the Abyjfmian Empire, ob- ferving its Wcakncfs, took that Opportunity to Ihake off the Yoke, and live independant. But the prelcnt Emperor commanded 'em to (land to their former Engagements, which they refufing, he proclaimed War againft them. He defeated 'em in feveral Battles, which has intimidated thofe Na- tions to fuch a Degree, that the Moment the Ethio- plan Army appears in the Field, the others retire upon inacceflible Mountains, and there fell their Lives very dear whenever they are attack'd. This War was, at firfl, very bloody, a great Number of brave Men being cut to Pieces daily, occafion id by the Soldiers poilbning their Arms with the Juice of a Fruit very much refembling our red Goofeberries; fo that whenever any Perion had the ill Fortune to be wounded, he was a dead Man. The Ethiopians^ grieved at the numerous Loffes they fuftain'd, found, not long fince, an infliUible Antidote againft this violent Poifon, by making a Poultice of Sand, which they beat up with their Urine. This Poul- * Changalla. 1 don'i know whether \.\\h is the Country call'd ^huu KaUi^ or tliat eail'd Sangara in our Maps. tice TRAVELS ^//'^ Jesuits. 229 ticc being applied to the Wound, draws forth the Venom fo lliccersfully, that the wounded Perfon is cur'd in a few Days *. The Emperor, before he takes the Field, caufcs the Day of his March to be proclaimed ; and or- ders his Tents to be pitched in a wide Plain within Sight of the City of Gondar. The Tents are all magnificent. That of the Emperor is of red Velvet embroidered with Gold. Three Days after, this Monarch orders his two large Silver Kettle-Drums to be carried through the whole City -, mounts on Horfeback, and goes to Arringon^ the Rendezvous of the whole Army. The Emperor l[)ends three Days in reviewing them, after which they enter up- on Action, which does not laft above three Months. His Armies are fo numerous, that I was alTurM that which the Emperor commanded in 1699, cdnfiited of four or five huudred thoufand Men f. The Palace of Arringon is as magnificent as that of Gondar^ which is almofl: uninhabited when the Monarch is abfent from it. However, four or five thoufand Men are left about it, to guard the crown which is depofited there. This Garrifon is com- manded by one of the chief Minifters, who is not permitted to ftir once out of the Palace. My ill Health prevented my following the Emperor to the Army. He returned from it fome Days before Qhr'iftmas-day^ which he folemniz'd, in his capital * Some think, that the feveral Particulars related concern- ing poifon'd AiTows are all a Fusion j as likewife vvhat we are told concerning Poifons which dellroy Perfons in a certain rerm of Years. f Either our Trav.-ller was impos'd upon, or fome other Writers who treat oi Ethiopia are miitaken ; unlefs, as I obferv'd above, that the then Emperor (hould have aggrandiz'd his Power, far beyond that of many of his Predeceflbrs, Hovve- ver, as the common People are his Slaves, and every Perfon of Diftinftion is oblig'd to bring up his youngeft Son, in order for him to ferve under the Emperor in the Field, this Monarch may pjffibly bs able to raife a prodigious Army. QL2 City, ■?'t * I .ii; 230 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. City, ten D.»ys Ian r than wc •, neither the Ethiopi- ii'fs, nor the C/'r//? /Vz^/J ot the Kiif^, having relormM their C(i'cn(la'\ Eptpha}?yh^ 'n Ethiopia, one of the moll folemn FeRivals and is called ''■ *;j7J, or thj Dav (il svafliir';-, the Natives bathii ; d\>.mielvcs that Day, w O^niin^moration of our Saviour's Bap- tifm Til F.MiiK ror, attencKcl by his whole Court, goes to /v'^, a J-*alao: near Gnndaf\ where is a mag- nifircnr Bar n ol" Water, which is employed lor that p.ous CVremory. On lolcmn Feilivals, of which there arc a great Number in Ethiopia^ the Emperor caufes an Ox to be given to each of his Officers, and he Ibmetimes beltows two thoufund Oxen for that Furpofe. The Europeans have long been in an Error in refpe6t to the Colour of the Ethiopians^ which is owing to their confounding them with the Blacks of Niibia^ their Neighbours. The natural Hue of the Ahyjfinians is a brown, Olive Colour *. Their Stature is tall and majeftic *, the Features of their Faces are well exprefs*d \ and they have fine large Eyes, a handfbme Nofe, thin Lips, and white Teeth j whereas the People of Sennar and Nubia have flat Nofcs, thick Lips, and very black Faces "f. The Drefs of Perfons of Quality is a Veil of Silk, or fine Cotton, with a Kind of Scarf. Trades- people are drefs'd after the fame Manner, but with this Difference, that they wear no Silk, and the Cotton Cloath they ufe is coarfer. With regard to * Yet all Travellers I have met with, declare 'em to be of a deep black Colour. The reft of the Defcription anfwers very well ro what J have read. They are farther faid to be ex- tiemely livt-ly, to be of a very tradable Difpofition > and that they niight make great Progrefs in Knowledge, bad they Op- pcrtunitifs for improving them 'elves in it. j- 'Tis furprij'.iiig, that tiie Myjfiv.ians fhould be only tawny, aid their Nciglibours of fo black a Hue ; unh^fs the Situation of Myjfmiat or loiiie other CircumRance, faould caufe this Alte- xation* the TRAVELS of tbe JESUITS. 231 the common People, tliey wear only Cotton Draw- ers *i'i<-^ '^ Scarf, which covers the viitoi the Boily *. I'lie Manner of fahiting in Ethiopia is very parti- cular i they take one another by their right Mands, and carry it mutiiah'y to their refpedivc Mouths. They alio wind the Scarf of the Pcrfon wh^m they Ulute round him, by which Means fiich as wear no Veds remain half naked, when any Pcrfon com- pliments him in this Manner. The EmpcroiN Name is Jefus. Tho* he be but forty-one, he has many Children -, eight Princes, and three Princefles. The Emperor i> poflTefs'd of great Qualities ; he being of a h'vcly and fagacious Genius, of an affable and fwect Temper, and is a Hero in Stature. I did not fee any M^m in all £- thiopia fo finely fliap'd as himfclf. He delights ia the polite Arts and the Sciences, but his fav^ouritc Paffion is War. He is ever brave and intrepid ia Battle, and ahvays at the Heud of his Troops. He has an extraordinary Love for Juftue, which he caufes to be exadlly aHminifl-ered to all his Subjedls ; but as he does not delight in Blood -f, 'tis a Pain to him to order any Criminal for ExecuHon. Being thus polTcfs'd of fuch exalted Qualities, he is equally the Darling and Terror of his Subjedls vvho revere him to Adoration. I have been told that a Chridian is not permitted to fhed the Blood of another Chridian, without the mod cogent Rcafons for it ; and therefore the Emperor infilts upon hav- ing the mod drid Inquiries made before a Crimi- nal is conder n'd to die. The Executions here are • Some Travellers relate, thnt the porr People have only a fmall Piece of Skin or coarfe Stuff wrapp'd round their Loins ; in fhort, that they go almoft naked. f As Dr. Poncct had faid above, that the fafvowite rajjton of this Monarch is War ; 'tis not very conliftcnt r.o obreive af- terwards, that he does not delight in Blood. Dr. Poncet's Cha- rafter of this Emperor feems all in the Strain oi Panegyric. 0^4 Hanging i ( ■-. .> l^ ri (,< 'r, I la:' UBI 1 It'! 232 TRAVELS ^///^^ Jesuits. Hanging or Beheading *, Some are fcntenc'd to forfeit their PoIlcfTions, on which Occafion all Per- fons whatfoever are forbid, upon the mod fevere Penalties, to aflift, or even fo much as to give them the leall Suftenancc, whence thefe unhappy Crea- tures wander up and down like wild Beads. As the Emperor is a Prince of great Humanity, he is eafily prevailed upon to pardon them. 'Tis fur- prizmg, that as the Ethiopians are fo very active and hafty, we yet fliould fcarce ever hear of a Murthcr, or of any of thofe enormous Crimes which ftrike the Mind with Horror, committed among them. Bcfides the Regard that is paid to Religion, I am perfuaded that the llri6t Juftice which is admi- niftred, and the excellent Polity found in this Em- pire, contribute greatly to the Integrity and Inno- cence of the Inhabitants. I had carry'd with me into Ethiopia a Chefl of chymical Medicines, the making of which took up lix or feven Years. The Emperor enquired very minutely into the Manner of preparing thefe Me- dicines, how they were adminiftred, what Effedls they had, and the feveral Difeafes to which they were applied. Not contented with this Account by Word of Mouth, ne had it taken down in Writing. But the Circumftance which I admir'd moll was, his comprehending, and being exceedingly well pleas'd with the feveral phyfical Reafons I gave him concerning all thefe Matters. I inform*d him of the Compofition of a Kind of Bezoar-Stone, which I niyjelf had always employ *d very fuccefs fully in curing intermitting Fevers of every Kind, as the ^ 'Ti? alfo faid, that Criminals are often llon'd, or beat to Death with Clubs, Muitherers excepted, who may be either kiird, tortur'd, or made Slaves of, as the Friends of the mur- ther'd Perfon think proper. Perfons of Quality are only ba- nidi'd. Adultere-s are put to Death ; but Thieves are only whipp'd, and oblig'd to make Reiiitution. 'Tis alfo related, that there are no Lawyers in this Ccuntry, the Parties pleading their own Caaies, Emperor TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 233 Emperor and two of the Princes, his Children, ex* pcrienced. He alfo wou'd make me jfhew him ths Manner in which Oils are extra6led chymically. For this Purpofe he fi^nt me £0 Tzemba^ a Mo- naftery fituaced on the River Rehy half a League from Gondar. The Abbot, who is rever'd by the Emperor, on Account of his great Probity and Virtue, received me with the iitmoft Civility. He is a venerable Sage of ninety, and one of the mod learned Men m the whole Empire. I fet up my Utenfils there, and made all the necefTary Pre- parations. The Emperor came to us incognito, I made many Experiments before hin', as well as communicated feveral Secrets, which he attended to with furprizing Curiofity. I think it incumbent on me to advife all Perfons who wou'd carry Me- dicines into Ethiopia^ to take none but thole of a chymical Kind, becaufc Elecfluaries and Syrups are apt to corrupt under the Line ; whereas chymical Oils and Spirits may be eafily convey'd without lo- fmg their Virtue, Heat not having the lead EfFe6b on them. As I ftaid three Weeks with the Monarch at Tzeml^a, he, being of a very inquifitive Turn of Mind, as was before obferv'd, frequently difcours'd with me upon the Subjed of Religion ; ex- prefs*d a great Defire to be made acquainted with our Doctrine, and to be informM of thofe Particu- lars wherein we differ from the Religion of the Cophts *y which is profefs'd in Ethiopia, I endea- voured * This is the Name of a People, or rather of a Seft of Chri- ftians of E^ypt. They are great Lovers of the cloiller'd Life, and have many Religious of both Sexes. None can be admit- ted into a religious Houfe, without firil obtaining Leave from his Bifhop. Tnefe Religious make a Vow of perpetual Cha- llity, bid an eternal Adieu to their Parents and Poffeilions, and have no Property in any Thing. They live in Defarti, and have no odier Cloathing buc Woollen Garments j girding them- lelves 'ii li '■r, :t''T ■i'.''M nil 41 b 234 TR AY ELS of fbe Jesuits. voured to fatisfy him to the beft of my Abilities ; but confefs'd, that not having ftudied the abftrufe Points in Divinity, I therefore had brought with me one of the ablefl Men both for Mathematicks and Divinity in Europe. The Emperor then figh- ing, cried, I find that I have fujlain'd a great Lofs. I will own that I was grievoufly afflifled, when I caird to Mind that Death had bcreav'd me of Fa- ther de Brevedent, my dear Companion ; becaufe fclves with a Piece of Leather. They never touch Meat, ex- cept in the moft iirgf nt NeceiTity ; and are even forcM to deny themfelves every Kind of delicious Food ; and to abftain iroui all Kinds of Aliment?, which are not abfolutcly nectflary for the Support of Life. They pafs their Lives in Piayer, in work- ing, and in the Study of the Scriptures. All ot them, the Su- periors and Sick excepted, fleep on Matts fpread on the Ground. They are not allow'd to pull off their Cloaths to ungird them- fclve?, nor two of them to fleep on the fame iMatt, nor near one another. They are oblig'd to obierve the Canonical Hours, and proftrate themfelves, every Evening, an hundrcl and futy Times with their Faces to the Ground, extending their Arms in Form of a Crofs, keeping their Fills clincird, and making the Sign of the Crofs at every Proflration. When they are not employ 'd in hard Woik, they are allow'd but one Meal a Day, and that in the Evening. Other Authors relate, that the religious Cophts of both Sexes are of the Dregs of the People. They fuhfilt en- tirely on Alms, lead a very fevere and mortified Life, and never eat any Meat, except when on a Journey. The Convents of their Women are properly Hofpitals, and moH: of thefe Nuns are Widows, whom their Poverty brought into them. The Cophts are fubjeft to a titular Patriarch of Aiexavdria. They are di- vided into three Orders, the Clergy, the Nobles, and the Ple- beians. The Nobles (if they may be fo call'J) are only fo ma- ny Farmer- Generals in lEg;spt, under the Grand Seignior. Thefe are very rich, but the reli of the Co'hts are vallly poor, and bjth thefe Orders of the Laity are very ignoranc. Some Romijh Wri- ters have reduced the Errors of the Coph: to fix Heads. They have fometimes united wuh the Church of Rome^ but never in earnefl, and only v^hen forc'J to it thro' Necefhty. The Coptic is the old Language of the Egypt'taits, intermix'd with Greek ; and the Charafters of that Lan?iia;);e are like thofe of the Greek, The Coplts have not fpoke th'ir antient language thefe many Years, that being found only in their Books, the Arabic being the Language of the Country. There are Verfionsof theScrip- aiu bri thi ly tures in Ctj-tic, tha ^ TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 235 that Monk, who was a Perfon of great Abilities, and a very infinuating Addrcfs, wou'd have em- brac'd this favourable Opportunity for converting this great Prince, and inltrudling him thorough- ly in tht^ Principles of the Catholic Church *. One D.iy when the Abbot of the Monaftery, my Interprerer, and I were together, the Emperor was very urgent with me to give my direct Opinion with Regard to the Perfon of Chrift. I anfwer'd, that we did not believe that Chrift's human Na* ture was abforb'd and loft in his divine Nature, in like Manner as a Drop of Wine is abforb'd and loft in the Sea, as is the Dodrine of the Cophts and E- thiopians^ which the Emperor told me it was ; but that our Belief is, that the Word, which is the fe- cond, Perfon in the blefled Trinity, was really made Mjn ', fo that this Man-God, whom we call Jelus Chrift, had two Natures ; tht divine, as being the Word and the fecond Perfon of the blelfed Trinity ; and the human Nature, in which he appear'd truly as Man •, fuffer'd j'^ally in his Body, and volunta- rily fubmittcd to Death, in order to fave all Man- kind. Wh'n I had done fpeaking, the Emperor turn'd to the Abbot, and, as I thought, difcours'd with him concerning the Particulars I had been treating of. They did not feem to expr.fs the leaft Surprize ; and 'tis my Op'nion, that iJ <:7 do not diffeT very much from the Cathoiic Ch\!i jh m this Article. From that Time, the Abbot exprefs'd greater Frienddiip for me than ever During; the Stay which the Emperor made in Tzcmha^ one of" his moft ufual Diverfions was to fee his Pages ride, according to the Rules of their Manege^ at which they are very expert. * Dr. Pofjcet talks in fo religious a Strain, that I fiiould almoft fu'peft that he himfelf was a Friar, in the Diiguife cf « Phyfician. From m mi ;^ .t-5,^ I :<9 236 TRAVELS ^//j^* Jesuits. From Tzemba, to the Sources of the Nile, the Diftance is not above Threefcore French Leagues. I intended to fee thofe famous Springs, concerning which fo many Particulars are told in Europe ; and the Emperor was pleafed to order a Party of Horfe to attend me ; but it was not pofTible for me to em- brace this favourable Opportunity, I being at that Time grievoufly afflided with a Pain at my Sto- mach, which I have felt for many Years, i there- fore defired Mooraty one of the Emperor's chief Minifters, and Uncle to the Embaffador above- mentioned, to give me fome Account of them. Moorat is a venerable old Man, an hundred ar^d four Years of Age, who, during upwards of Threefcore Years, was employed in Negociations of the utmoft Importance at the Great Mogul^^ Court, and thofe of the reft of the Monarch s of India, The Emperor has fo much regard for this Minifter, that he commonly calls him Baba Moorat, or Father Moorat, Here follows what he related to me con- cerning the Sources of the Nile, which he had vifit- ed frequently, and enquired into with the utmoft Care. In the Kingdom of Goyanie * is a very high Mountain, at the Top of which are two very large Springs, the one to the Eaft, and the other to the Weft. Thefe two Soi:rces form two Rivulets, which rufti down with great Impetuofity towards the middle of the Mountain, upon a loofe, fpongy Earth covered with Rufhes and Reeds f. Thefe Waters * 'Tis called Gojam by fome Travellers, and by them rec- koned as one of the nine Provinces of the Ahyjftnian Empire. -f- The Antients fixed the Sources of the tsile^ in the Moun- tains of the Moon, in the Tenth Degree of Suuthern Latitude ; but Modern Travellers place them about the Twelfth De- gree of North Latitude ; and confequently fuppofe its Courfe to. be about 500 Leagues lefs than the Antients. This River is faid to rife at the Foot of a great Mountain, in Gojam^ and to iflue from TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 237 Waters appear but ten or twelve Leagues from thence, where uniting, they form the River Nile^ which foon fwells, by the Addition of the Waters of feveral other Rivers, that empty themfelvcs into it. A wonderful Circumftance is, that the Nile runs through the middle of a Lake without blend- ing its Waters with it. This Lake is fo very large, that 'tis called Bahal Demka, or the Sea of Dem- from two Fountains, or two Eyes as the Natives call them, di- ftant about 30 Paces from each other,and each of the Dimenfions of one of our Wells, or of a Coach- Wheel. Father Lol^o the Jefuit, who ('tis faid) difcovered thefe Sources about the be- ginning of the laft Century, relates, that the largeft of thefe two Sources being founded, they found a Bottom at the Depth of 16 or 17 Foot: But that poflibly, the Sounding-line might meet, in the Way, with the Roots of Briars, growing on the Margins, which perhaps prevented its defcending lower. The other beirg founded, they found 16 Palms. The Inhabitants who are Hea- thens, worfhip the greateft Source, and facrifice to it feveral Oxen, the Flefti of which they eat as holy, and throw the Bones in a Place appointed for that Purpofe. Herodotus mentioned the Sa- crifices of the Oxen made at the Sources of the Ni/e, upwards of Two Thoufand Years fince. The Natives about thefe Sources, are cdMed Jgam , in the Kingdom of Gojam, in Twelve De- grees of North Latitude, and Fifty-five of Longitude. The Sources are in a Plain about f of a League round, and furround- ed with Mountains. After this they fall into a fmallLake; next run under Ground the Diftance of a Musket-fhot ; then wind, firft North eall, and after flowing entirely Eaftward, enter the great Lake of Dambea ; and leaving this Lake, they fall among Rocks, which almoft conceal this River from Sight, whence it runs a very long Way Southward, afterwards turns Welhvard and at lall runs back towards its Source, which it leaves about Ten Leagues Eaftward. Thus it forms a Peninfula, which poflibly was that called by the Antients, the Ifland of Meroci and by the Moderns, the Illand Gucgcre. It then flows th'ough the relt of Ahyjjinia, Nubia, and Egypty moft of whofc Cities are watered by it. 1 fliall not take upon me to deter- mine, how much the above Relation ought to be depended upon, for, whilft the Jefuitsafiirm that the AV^ rifes from two Fountains, others aflirni that it flows but from one, and that fituated in a Plain, twelve Days Journey from Gondar, the Capital of Ethi- opia. VVhnt is moll to be depended upon, is the Courfe of the Nile fiom its famous Cataraas, the fiilt of which is not far from r'hc Lakf Dambea. hea. f V T m:-^ K>^-:^i-kl K^. 14= m Iti ! 1- 238 TRAVELS of tbe Jesuits: hea *. The Country round it is inchantingly beau- tiful. On every fide are feen Towns, and delight- ful Groves of Laurel- trees. 'Tis about an hundred Leagues in length, and thirty-five or forty broad. The Water of this Stream is foft and agreeable, and much lighter than that of the Nile, About the middle of the Lake is an Kland, wherein (lands one of the Emperor's Palaces, which, though not fo large as that of Gondar, is yet equally beautiful and magnificent. The Emperor went thither, and I had the Ho- nour of accompanying him. He himfelf got into a little Boar, in which are three Rowers; and the Nephew of Moorat^ with myfelf, followed him in another. Thefe Boats, which will not hold above fix Perfons, are made of Balrufh-mats, joined together very neatly, but without Pitch or Tar. Though thefe Bulrulhes are joined extremely clofe, I yet cannot conceive how 'tis poffible for the Boats in queftion to keep out Water. We fl-aid three Da';s in that enchanting Palace, ■where I made fome, Chymical Experiments, with which the Emperor was highly pleafed. This Pa- lace is furrounded with Walls ; and there are two Churches in it, under the Care of certain Friars who lead a Conventual Life. One of thcie Churches is dedicated to St. Claudius^ and gives the Name to the Ifland, which is about a League in Circumference. One Day, whilfl we were in this Ifland, Word was brought the Emperor that four Hyppopotamus''s, or the dro . * We find DaM^ar, or Dembya In our Maps. 'Tis reckoned as one of the Principalities or Provinces of the Ethiopian Kmpire. In our Maps we find a great Lake about Deff.'ha ; but it is rhere called Tzana Lake ; arid to the Scuth of it, the Head or Foun- tains of the Ni/e are fpecified. or TR A V ELS o/* /^^ Jesuits.' 239 or River-Horfes, appeared in the Lake *. We had the Pleafiire to fee them half an Hour. They drove the Water before them, and fprung forward to a great Height. The Skin of two of thefe Ani- mals was \\'hite, and that of the other two were red. Their Heads refembled that of a Horfe, but their Ears were fliortcr. I could not form a Judg- ment of the reft of their Bodies, I having ken them but confufcdly. Thefe Hyppopotami are am- phibious Creatures which come out of the Water in order to graze upon the Sliore, whence they often carry off Goats and Sheep, and feed upon them. Their Skins are highly valued j and Shields are made of them, which are Proof againft a Lance or Muflcet-ball. The Ethiopians eat the Flefli of thofe Animals, which muft certainly be unwholefome. The way of taking them is as follows. When- ever an Ethiopian fpies one of them, he follows him with a drawn Sabre, and cuts off his Legs. The Animal being, by this means, rendered unable to fwim, makes to the Shore, and there loofes the reft of his Blood. The Emperor ordered the Canon to be fired at thefe Hyppopotamiis^s -, but as the Markf- rnen were not quick enough, the Animals plunged back into the Water, and difappeared. The Emperor went from the Ifland of St. Clau- dius^ to ArrJngon^ where there is a Garrifon, as I before obicrvtd •, and I myfelf went to Emfras^ a L^.;igue diftant from Gondar. The City of Em" fras is not fo large as Gondar, but more agreeable, inore pleafmgly fituated, and the Houfes are bet- * Some fay tLi.-. Animal Is as large as the Crocodile ; that he will come cut of the Water, and go ,vcn upon the Tops of Mounta'ns 10 graze ; and tiint he is at perpetual War with the C.u...odiIe. ,y^'t:'Vc::/ot intbriiis us, that he jaw one in E^ypt, as huge as a Camel ; and that its Skin was aln.oll Musket-Proof. Tliis Hvppopotafnus was brought to Cairo, where 7ben:e?iot fa'V it. Luduif ihiuks this Animal to bt tiiC Behemoih mentioned in if Job t \\^j l;:1-! 1 K\i-. EH.. , tcr i ^^^ «^-, Ei'ijl^r falls higher or lower ; that of our LidyV, Affimy- tion, which continues a Fortnight, and that of A - vent which lafts Three Weeks. During; thefe > veral Lents, the Al'}ffini..}is eat neither Lgg^ En':- ter, nor Cheefe ; and take no Suftcnance whiiu the Sun is up; but they eat and drink till Midniglit af- ter it is let. Ethiopia not producing Olives, the Natives arc obliged to make ufe of an Oil they ex- tract from a Berry of that Country. Tis ag'xe- able enough to the Tafte. They oblerve a no left rigcruus F'afl' every fVednefd(ry and Friday tlirough- ouc the Year. I'hey aKvay.j pray before Meals. The Peafants an Hour before Sun-fet leave their Work to go to Prayers ; they never eatin'2; till afrer they have acc]uitted themf Iv.^s of that D.ity. No Perfon is difpenled from Failing; to which all Pcr- fons whv:ther old or young, and even the Sick are equalh/" eng.'.ged. Cliildren are commoi,./ brought to the Communion when aboiit Ten Years old ^ and from that Time they are obliged to fafc. The Declaration which they make of their Sins is very imperfedf, and is performed in manner fol- lowing. They go and fall proftratc at the Feet ot * Tjiis i^dcM'i il by tl.e mcll a;-[ roved Writers on /''' JJJnliy as well ai Line ciher I'uints nitfuUvJicU by cur t r.ivcll:r. the TRAVELS o/ /'/j6' Jesuits. 243 llio Pried, \v!io is fcarfd; and tlitTC acciill: thcm- Iclvcs, '.'^ pjUi.iuI, of Ixing great Sinners j antl rliat they nicric ilcll, witlKuic once Ipcchyinc; any of i!;e parcir'iLir Siiib ilicy ni.iy have c^mmitad. Alter tlvs D.elaration the P/ieil, holdinn; the Bo jI; of the (jolp^Is in hi.i Lclc-liand, and tlir Crols in his Ri-htj touclies, \vi;h the Cmf^, tlie Eyc'S, Ea"s, Nok*, M.;U!.h and I lands of tlie Penii'.-ni, repeat- ing?; ibine Pr.iyei-s. Me afterwatds reads tn. (jopcl, niikjs r:'vcral SJ-^r.s of the Crofs over hi rn, enjoins hini a certain PeiLince, and difmiQ'j.s him. 'Ihjz Eibiopians appear wirh miich grc^ater Mode- ^.•j and Awe in their Churche.^, than People gene- rally do in E:rrQpe. Th.ey never ^nter then but bare-fooied, for whieh Reafon t' '^avemcnt of their Churches is cov.^red with Carp.LS. No one is heard to fpjak, or blo'.v his Nofe in them, or f:cn to turn his Head. Every Perfon who goes to Church is obliged to put on clean Linnen, othcr- Vv'iie he would be refuled Admitiance. When the Lord's SuppL'r is adminiilred, all Pcrfons, tlie Piieil ar.d ConMiiunicants excepted, withdraw; I know not whetlier this be dv)ne out of Humility, us thinking themfeives unworthy to pariakc of the 1.) vine My Lories. Their Cnurches are very near, and adorned with PitLures, b.it nevjr with vSiatLici or Images in Re- lievo. Neverrheleis t!ie Emperor accepted of fome Crucifixes of that Sort, wliich I had the Honour ro prcient liim, as likewife ieveral Miniature Painting.% whieh he killed rcipe6>rully, and ord.erci them to be put into his Ciofec. The Paindngs in Miniature v/ere Imarres or Sainis, v/liofj Names he cauled r(i he writ under t'v^m, in Etlxo-Dic Characlers. 'Tvvas on rhis Occa.lon the Emperor told me, that we were all of x.\\q iame Religion, and differed only in the Ceremonies. Tliey perfume with Incenfe al- nKjic continually during their Malles and the Of- R 2 ficc E,i. |i.: i f'.. 1 w ■ ,":';: i* IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // {./ k M M/ v. v. 1.0 [zia la 1.1 l.-^KS 1.6 11:25 i 1.4 Hiotographic Sdences Corporation m A A \ \ :\ ^:%. "^^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (7>6) 872-4503 A 244 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. ^'ce. Though they have no Mufic Books, they yet chaunt in a juft and agreeable manner, and Mu(i- cal Inftrumcnts are founded on theie Occafions. Tlit; Friars rile twice in the Night to fing Pfalms. The Drds of their Monks when out of Church, is very like that of the Seculars; and they are diftinguiflied only by a Yellow or Purple Leather-Cap wore on their Heads. The Diverfity of Colours diftin- guifhes their Orders. The Friars in general are greatly eilecmed in Ethiopia. The Ahjfinians borrowed Circumclfion from the Jeii's. A Child is circumcifcd the feventh Day af- ter its Birth -, and is not baptized till afterw;ards, except it is in Danger of dying, for then its Bap- tifm would not be deferred a Moment. They do not confider Circumcifion as a Sacrament, but mere- ly as a Ceremony, pradtifed in Imitation of our Saviour, who thought it requifite to be circumcifed. J iiave been afTured that the Popes of Rome had to- lerated Circumcifion in Abyffmia^ but with this Re- ftriftion, that they were not to confidcr it as necef- fiiry to S;xIvation *. I could add many other curious Particulars. Percciv- i^ ' * VVitb Refped to the Religion of the AbyJJiiiiiws, this is wlut I find i;i the molt approved Writers. It was rbferved be- foiT, tl.at their Reh'gion is a Mixture of Chnflianity and Ju- dnifm. Circumcif:nu is performed by an old Woman, bat Piicih baptize. Infants are baptized by a gentle Immerfion and fprinkling v.ith Water, but adult Perfons are plunged thrice in fome PunJ or River. They receive the Sacraments under both kinds ; and |the Liquor uled on thefe Ckcafions is made cf the bruiicd Stones of Raifins, infufed in Water, which, after ^^iving trie ijiCaJ, the Deacon dtlivevs to the Communicant in a Spoon. Tiiey likewife burn Perlunies. All Perfons receive the Sacrament once a Month, or of.ner if they thinks proper. They a^knuwifd^'^c the fame Books cf Scripture as we do. They ad- la.L thj Counciloof A7a', Coujiantinople^ and Ephcfus. T/iey ufe the Ni(\ne Crctd, but not that of tlie Apoftks. They declare nut tiiC 'I'l.rcc Perfons in the Trinity are one God. They ac- ]:uL,v\icuge but two Sacrament-s Baptifni arid the kill Su["pjr. 'X'L'jy hduw in the ivul Prefence, bamot ia Tranfuhltantuition. Thty TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 245 Perceiving that my FIcalth decayed daily, I re- folved to return to France^ and to defire leave of the Emperor for that Purpofe. He feemed very iinealy when I told him iny Defign, and therctlTe gave frefh Orders to have the utmoll Care taken of mc, he being afraid that I was diflktisficd. He offered me Houfes and Lands, and even a very confidera- ble Eftablifliment •, but how defirous foever I might be, to ferve fo gracious a Prince, who poffefled fuch exalted Qualities •, I oblerved to him, that ever fince the grievous Fit of Sicknefs which had like to have been fatal to me at Barko, I could not recover my Health, though I had tried the feveral Powers of Phyfic, and made ufe of all the Precautions ima- ginable. That I found it would not be pofTiblc for me to recover, unlefs I went into another Cli- mate •, in fliort, except I returned to my Native Country. I declared that it was the greateft Pain to me to think of leaving fo gracious a King; but that I fhould certainly die, if I continued any longer ia Ethiopia. The Emperor then granted, tliough with the utmofl Reluctance, the Favour I fo ear- neftly requefted ; but upon this Condition, that I jhould return to his Court, as fbon as I had recovered my Health ; and in order to bind me by the moll facred of all Engvigcments, he obliged me to fwear They fay, that there arc not two Natures and two Wills in Cl.riil:. Auricular Confcflion is not praftifcd by tliem. They believe tlic Immortality of the Soul, and that the Souls of good Men are not admitted into Heaven till the Refurredion. They invoke; Saints, Angels, and the V^irgin Alary. They obferve Chnflmas, Eajler, IVhitfuntidei and other Tertivals ; and fail the Days of Lent, befides (ome others. The Emperor is, as was bcfoie ob- ferved, H>;ad both in Spirituals and Temporals. Their Patriarch, who is coni'ecrated by liim of A'cxandria, confers Orders on their Clergy, who are principally Monks. The Monarch, and the chief Nobility take Deacons Orders. The People ufe lighted Tapers at. ])iv'ine Service. They always Itand in their Churches, v/hich are kept very near, and they never ipit in them. Duving Divine Servicf, they are allowed to lean on Crutches, R 3 upon -U ii 5'. % n iW 246 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. upon the iioly LroJj.xls that I would keep my Word. Tlie Erbcf-m he entertained for our Monarch, from rht Criarafctr I h:id diawn, as w^-Il as fnnn the ParMcul.ir.s otiicis liad told him, made the Km- p'^ror dcllrcHis ct cntring into an AL'ianct: wirh a Piince, v.'h(;fc RcpiTation w^^s lo great in every Pait Of" the World * ; and for that lAirpofe to lend an EmbalTador widi Crcd'.ntials and Prefents. At lirri: he pitched upon an Abbot called Al/ofia G7'c?o- rios "f ; aiid, in that view, commanded me to icaeh him the Lntin Tongue. As this Friar was a Pcrlbn of very good Scnfe, and fpckc and wrote Arabic pertedtly, he made, in a very fliort Time, a vuy confiderable Progrcis in that I,ar,giiage -, but ns the Ahyjfmian Monarchs employ Foreigners in Ei^ibaf- fies, rather than Native:, it was r.o dif^cidt Matter for Mocrat to get his Nephew appoint d Fmbalfi- dor to France. I'he Emperor cieclared him pub- lickly fach -, and accorcir.^'jly ordered Iiis Prelents to be got ready, confiriirg \\\ Elephants, Plorlb, E- thioplan Chddren, i£c, iis I was once vaitinr^ upon the Emprrror, before he was fixed v/ith Regard to the Choice of an Em- baffidor, he fcnt for the Princes his Children •, when directing himfelf to one of the younged, who was about eight or nine Years of Age, he declared, that he h.id fome Thoughts of fending him into France.^ x\\'as ordered to eicovt me to ihj Frontiers of the l.Mnpire, togedier with an Interpreicr who could fpeak the Languages of the feveral Provinces wc were to paf's throug'o, every Province having its r.culiar Tor.fiue *. Several Merchants who were * I ruppofe tlicfc arc only ib many Dialcfls. R 4 going 'O It; '- 24S TRAVELS o/'r/v Jesuits. going to Alejjua *, joined Com puny with mc, tliey being very clcfirous of embracing this O^.jjortunit/ of travelling; with lb rnuch Sail-ry. Thoiigli Moc- rai -f^ the EmbalTador, intreatrd me to {lz out as foon as pofilble, for fear of the Rai/is, which began to fall every Night ; he himfelf was not able to go {o foon, being detained by the Emperor. We agreed upon Duvcwna as the Place of our Rendez- vous, in order that we might fet out together. I was prodigioully afFeded at my taking leave of this Monarch, who gave me all poflible Demon ft rations of his AfFe(5lion, and feemcd forry to part with me. I can never think of that Prince but with the deep- ell Senfe of the Obligations I owe him ; and would my Plealth have permitted, { iliould have devoted myfelf entirely to him, and facriticed the Remainder of my Days to his Service. The chief Noblemen of the Court did me the Honour to accompany me two Leagues, purfuant to the Orders given them for that Purpole. We took the City of Emfras^ which I mention- ed before, in our Way. The Officer, cur Con- ductor always arrived an Hour before us at the Place appointed for our Qtiarters. He went and alighted either at the Governor's Houfe, or at that of the principal Perfon of the Village -, and Ihewcd him the Orders of the Court, written on a Roll of Parchment. This Roll is put in a fmall Gourd, which, being tied with filken String?, hangs about the Officer's Neck. The Moment of his Arrival, the chief Perfons of the Town or Place aflemble before the Governor's Dooi', where, in their Pre- * I imagine this is the Illard, in the Rf,/ Sea, called JSIatzu- ff.a in oi;r Map'^, lying near tlif Port of Erquko, which ib lliat, as I luppife, our TravtlKr el.cwhere, cw\h Arcowoa. ■\ Our I'lavellti- cells us a little above, that Moornt the Mini- fler. got his iNe-hew appointed Kmbjff.dor. This Nephew mufl therefore have ..Ifo hren iiamcd l\loorat, or cur Aiuiicr n.u.l !;ave committed a ALlhkc" 2 fence. Pi TRAVELS of tie Jesuits. 249 fence, he takes olYhis GourJ, brcak'> ir, and pulh out the little Roll of Parchment, called in their Language, Ati Hcfis^ or the Emperor's Order. He alierwards prefcnts it very re! petit lully to the Go- vernor ♦, telling him, at the lame I'ime, that if he does not comply with the Contents, he mufl: an- fvver it with his Head. Every Order, the Dilbbe- dience to which is Death, is wiit in red Letters. The Governor, as a Teilimony of his liefpedl and Compliance, takes and lays it on his 1 lead ; and af- terwards illlies a Commaml, throughout his whole Province, fen* defraying the Expcnce of the Officer iwA of all thofe in his Retinue. We employed one Day in travelling from Gon- dar to Emfras^ and were obliged to go over a liigh Mountain, tiirough very bad Roads. On this Mountain Hands a large Monafterv, with a Church dedicated to Sr. Anne, This Place is famous, and Pilgrims vifit it from a great Diftance. Li this Monalkry is a Spring, the Water of which is extremely clear and cool -, and Pilgrims drink of it out of Devotion. They affirm that many mira- culous Cures are wrought by ir, at the Intercefilon of Sr. Anne^ whom the Abyffmians con fide r as a i^,reat Saint. We arrived at Enifras the third of M/y, and took up our Quarters in a fine Houfe belonging to old Mco- rat, where I was entertained three Days. In this City I heard a Concert compofed of a Harp and a fort of Violin which is very like ours. I alfo was at a kind of Dramatic Entertainment. The Adors Ting Verfes in Honour of the Perfon whom :hey are*to divert,and play a thoufand Feats of Adivity. Some perform a grand Dance to the Sound of fmall Kettle-Drums ; and being very nimble and light, they throw tliemielves into a thouland antic Po- flures. Others holding a naked Sabre in one Hand, und a Buckler in the other, reprelent Combats iii theiv ■*j';. m ■ : ■ ' 250 TRAVELS of the Jesu its. their dancing * ; and \i:\.\\) in lb furprizing a man- ner, that 110 one buc thoic who had l^tcn S])CCLLitors on Ibch Occafions could think it poflVolc. One of thclc Dancers brought inc a Rinr;, and defiring mo to liide it myfeif, or get Ibme otlier Perlbn to hide it, laid he vvould find it cut. I took it, arc! Iiid it ib cunningly that I thought it impolFiblc jor hini ever to find out the PJa^e : However, I was fi.]r- prized, a Moment alter, to lie him come up, dan- cing in Cadence, aixi vvhirp;:r in my Ear, that he had the Ring, and conkquendy that I had not hid it artlully. Others he Jd a lance in one Hand, and aGlals filkdwith iVIcwd in the orher, and k^'■lpcd to a prodigious Height without fpiHing a Drop. From Ewfras we went and lay at Ccga, ioi nier- ]y the Refidence of the Emperors o^ Elki(.pia. Tlie City is fmall but delightlully fituated, and the Places round it are vaflly agreeable. I took up my Qtiarters at the Ploufe of tiie Governor of the Province, vvlio paid m^e great Honoms, as did the re(t of the Go- vernors and Pleads of Villages, at whofe Hcuies I lodged in the Way. At Ccga^ owr Condudlor be- gan to entruft the Baggage with the Lords of the fcvcrai Village?, who ordered them to be carried to t!;e Frontier, in the manner related above. I have not given a very accurate Account of the various Places through which we travelled ; I being at that Time too weak and huiifpoled, to take the Notice I fliould oth.erwife have l\o\\^. We cmploy*d flven or eight Days in crofTing the Province of O^ara^ Vvhcre the Heats are lefs vie- lent than in other Places, which is owing to the ma- ny very high r\iountains in that Neighbourhood. I was told, that Ice is Ibund on them at certain Sea- * This ficnjs tn be foir.cii.ing lihc th:* P.nluc Dance of rlie Anri'-ius. faid to be in. c:;cal by Pyrrlas the Sin cf /hhillct .'Mid pfifornicj by t!ic Dancers llrihing on the Shields wich tlieir Arm-, 10 :lic; Sound ci iViuricnl InlliUincnrs. . fons. TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 25? Tons of the Year, but I dare not aflcrt this for a Truth. Some H^-'ufcs, on thcfc Mountains, are cut ia the Rock •, anci I was HievvM 11 Place, where cer- t.rin young Folks iucling themfelves in order to ca- rouze, v/cre all [)Ctrified. I'hofe who inform'd me of tliis IV.rticular, declaiM that theic young De- bauchees are ieCii to this Day, in the levcral Po- llures thcv were in when this iad Accident happen*d. [ am of Opinion, that thele are foine oF tlie Petri- ficari:ins in wliicli Nature is fometimes pleas'd to (port herfclf *. There are lb great a NLimber of J Joufes * Our Traveller's mentioning thefe Petr'ncTtims, (wMch no uo'jbt nrc fitcitious.) ]^uts me in ?\lifid of a Keiatioii p-iblifliM in one C't lur Ninvs pnpcrs ionie ^ ears fince (i), an- vv;!c ^ 'vns o;rc:idy talceu i^^'otire of at tnat Time, a, c Jii'uiiiing loi.v ap.ii.zi-g P.,ri!cu!ais. "1 hi- Article, as tramuib'd trum tu^t P.ip.r now before me, is as follows. London. *• C'llTe'n A^a^ the nrefent Envoy o^Tripoli to his Britannic '' I\I:ijcity, h vifi^ received p>n Account of the Dilcovcry of a •* p'.".r:fv\i T'^Avn in /iYicn, w'.ert the Inhabitants, Cittle, •' 'Ire:;:, a, id tvcry i'hing are ;urii'J into St ;.ie ; it was given •' to "lit,' InU-'iprctcr tc i.is Maj Ily for tiie oriental Languages (2), " wi-.o lias tranlla'cd It !"r .a the Arohic of the Envoy's own ** iiap.U-Vv'iiiin^. into Frei::!', wi.ich in Englijh is as follows. ** P rat Ir t'j (^cd alone. " A Fri.ncl ( f nine liavi-K'; ueiliM me to tell him in Writing, " what I have heard conccinir.g tiie petrify'd I'cwn, I fhall " give (:Hn xVci.v'v/rr, 172.?. (2} 7'^^•'j '"-lY/.f ?Jr. Dadicl-.i, lorn hi Aleppo, avd educated at Paris ; a GcN'lrman fi'frous for his inicomm'jn Skill in the Eajiern Loni'Uaf^fs ; in thoni of Gn ece ard Uome; in the fevcral polite ircdc^n r^.TS, o.nd in c^e^-y Par- cf Literature \ all nvhich nxere ft off h ^ cvrv cctnmunicni'vc D-Jtoftiion^ of nvkicb I ijoas /b /Mi/^rf as to receive t!:a>^y Tcfi'-mo.ir:. "Jih Rclnt':n of tJ^e pettifrd ^:njjn I fnyfelf tratiflafcd info Enj^rai, from the X'S. glicn 7nc 'r; Mr* Dadichi. Du>'in^^ tny Stay in Paris, the inrrii'ous end icarnrd Mr. de Bremond, a Mem- ber of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Pari-:, and of our Royal Society in London, ai:d 'Triufnlor of our Philojophical Tranfcic- tions into French, frorrAi'd to fa'vour vie ~jAth a profejl Refutation (in MS.) c/ //;/.f Tripp; me Siory, hut he being afieriK:ards e.X' iranjulj iilj I n.vas ohlifd to Ica-je Francs iviihout it. r,' '! i ' i m^ ; \ -i,^\ 2^2 TRAVELS o/* //a- Jksu ITS. Houfcs in thclc Mountains, that the whole feemonc continued City, and they are built in an orbicular Form. The Roots, which are in the Figure of a Cone,arc made ot Bui ru (lies, and fupportcd by Walls raisM about ten or twelve Foot tVoni the Ground. The Houles arc very neat within, and adorn*d with Indian Reeds artfully dilpos'd. On all Sides we lee Markets, where Cattle and Provilions of every Kind are fold. The Place in queltion is prodigi- oufly populous. From the Province of Ogam * we entered into that of Siry^ where the Language of ^igra begins to " give himfelf a Relation thereof.as I had it from fcvernlPerfons, ** ?nd particularly from one Man of Credit, who went on the *' Spot, purpofely to fatisfy himfelf concjrning the Truth of •' it » and the Account he gives is as follows. *' That the Town lies two Days Journey South from Ou- *• gucla, which is dillant from Tripoli S. \L. fcvenceen D.iys ** March with the Caravans, That when he came to the •' Town, which is large and of an orbicular Form, wherein are ** feveral fpacious as well as narrow Streets, full of Shopi^, and ** defended by a very large and magnificent Callle, he iaw ma- ** r\y petrified Trees, in and about the Town, moll of them O- ** lives and Palms, but all turn'd into Stone of a Blue or A(h «♦ Colour. *' That the Inhabitants are alfo petrified : The Men whillt following their feveral Occupations ; fome with Stuffs or Silks in their Hands, others with Bread. In fliort, all of them in fomeAdion ; and the Women with their Infants at the Bread; and others in llrid Embraces with Men, all turn'd into Stone. That he entered the Callle by three different Gates, hut that there are more ; and that he faw, in the Callle, a Man pe- trified, lying on a Bed of Stone, as were the very Centinels *' flanding at the Gates, with their Pikes and Javelins in their ** Hands. " That he alfo faw feveral Sorts of Animals, fuch as Camels, ** Oxen, Hori'es, Affes, Slieep, and Birds, all turn'd into Stone *' of the Colour abovementioned". This romantic Story fecras to be copied from a Relation of Mr. le Mairc, who travelled at the Expence of Count de Touloufe, and is inferted in Lucas'i Voyages, fom. If. pag. 97. Amjlcrdarn 17T4, \zino. * 1 don't find that the N<:?mcs, given by our Traveller, of the feveral Provinces of tiie AbyJJinian Empiri;, are any Way like «< «( (< TRAVELS of the Jcsuirf?. 25^ to be fpokc. Bjfore we arriv'd at Sir}\ the Capi- tal ot* this Province, we crolsM the River of Teke^ fe!, or The Dreadful^ lb callM bccaufc ot its Rapi- dity. 'Tis four times as broad as the Seine in Pa- ris, and is rroli^M in Boats, there being no Bridge over it. This is the Hnei"^ and mofl fruitful Pro- vince I met with in all Ahyjjima. Wc there lee very beautiful wide-extended Plains, waterM with Springs, and interfpersM with large Porells of Orange, Le- mon, Pomegranate, and JclTamin Trees. Thefe Trees are lo common in Ethiopia, that they grow there and flourifli without the leall Culture or Care. The Fields and Meadows are coverM with Tulips, Ranunculus's, Pinks, Lilies; Rofe-buOies which produce red and white Rofes ; and a thoullind other Sorts of flowers unknown to us, all which embalm the Air with a ftronger and more delicious Fra- grance, than thofe of the moft lovely rural Scenes in Provence. The Officer who condu6led us has a very fine Country-feat in this Province, and I was cntertain*d a Week at it. I began to obfervc, ia this Place, that the Swelling which I had in the Orifice .of my Stomach grew lels ; and that Exer- cifc, and the Country Air, gave me an Appetite, and had a good Effed upon my Condi tution in ge- neral. In this Country- feat I received the Vifit which the Governor of the Province honour'd me with by the Emperor's Order. He caus'il a young Elephant to be brought thither, which the Embaf- llidor was to carry into France, and prelcnt to t\\^ King -, llich being the Import of his Orders inclos'd in the linall Gourds. F''rom like thofe I find in other Authors wiio have writ on this Country, Tjie Provinces, as IpeciHt-d in fome other Authors, Hand thus. 1. Amhara. 2. Begmncdrs. 3. Dunihea. 4. Sboa. 5. Goiam. 6. Bu^na. 7. Sumo.'. 8. Gorr^ti. 9, Walakn. 'ihe chief City in Ethiopia^ in thofe Autlior?, is called Jmha>-ay from the lirli: Province ; whereas 'cis called Gor-Jay by our Traveller, as I he Header may jiave feen above. Pcflibly the J!yjjinia7i Mo* narclis may have built, or removt\an Deef (of the wild Kind) which h dioug;ht a Dainty in this Country -, and ind.'^-d 'tis extremely well-talaHJ and delicaic. The v/ild A'jJJlaiaii Oxen have no Horns, and arc not fo large as ours in France, There are alfo a vafL Number of Roe-bucks in this Province, but I did not lee many Hinds or Stags. After retuniing Thanks to this Governor, from whom we hari received numberlels Favour?, wc continued our Journey. We pall through a Forcft full of Apes of all Sizcr, which climb'd up the Trees with furprizir.g Agility ; and diverted us very much with their evt.r-varying Leaps. We af- terwards cntei'd into the Province o^ Sarrrji^ where the little EKpliant I v.as to carry into France died, which gave me fome Uneailnefs. In this Province are found the Fincfl: Horfes in all Ethiopw.., and the Imperial Stabics are filiM with them. There the EmbaliaJor was orde-'d to pro- cure the Hories he was to take into rvance. Itiefe Animils, which are f.;ll of Fire, and of the Size of thofe of Arabia, always carry their Heads aloft. They * AdovMf in rmich. TRAVELS of ibe Jesuits. 255 They are not Ihod •, the Ethiopians never fliocing their llorft's, or any other Bcalls of Hmthcn. From Snravi v/c arrivM at lall at Duvmnj^ the clii'.rCity oF the Kinf«;clom of '•li;^rn *. There- are two Governors in this iVovincc, luit lor what R.a- ibrj I know nor, nor thi.ir Kv^tral Jtiriiiliciions. Thc-y arc callM Barn.u';.v, or Kiii{2;s (jf the Sea, probaWv hcraiilir c)i their b..in<; in tlic Nciglibour- lioo-l o!" the; Jicd Scd. Davnrna is divided into two Cities, the Upper and the Lower, the latter of which is inhabited by the Mchcrnmchins. All Comnvjdities that come in- to Ethiopia^ by the Red Sea, pafs through Duvarna, Thi'i Ciry, which is r.bouc two Leagues round, is, as it were, the general Storehoule ot" all the Com- modities of India. All its i loufes arc built of iqnaro SioncF, and t!u* Roofs arc To many Terraffcs. The River of Moniha, v.-hich iltiWs at the Foot of this City, cmpries itfclf iiuo the T.'ckcid-\. 'Tis not broad, b;it vallly rapid, and cannot bccrofs'd without Danger. We w^re t^vo IVIoiuhs and a half in tra- velling from Gondar to diis Cicy, v/licrc I was to wait ior Moorat. Sorm afccr my Arrival, an Exprefs came to the two Governors, with the iad News of the Death of Prince Bcfdins, the Emperor's eldcH: Son, and prefumptive Meir to the Ciown. This Ycuth, who died at about nineteen Years of age, was Mailer of all the Q^ialities that can dillinguiOi a Prince. Ab- (b'afted from his exterior Graces, he pofiefs'd the feveral Virtues that can adorn the human Mind, he being a P. r.on of good Senle, brave, jufl, and ge- nerous which made him the Delight of the whole Court. He was Inatch'd away by a malignant Fe- ver, * I find a Province called T*,"';-, in l'oH\ Mip?. In all Pro- b.biliiy this is vvhru i:, here calk'd liinix iluT it dr.c:3 not tiicre ih'u\ to lie ni.ar ilic J^eil-Fur, as .Mr, P i.a! phiccs ir. f 'liX Tii.cixi, 1 fu|-.[n>lc, a;. \ii called ni tur iViaps. ; «ii; -'. J'^ i « !. , X h ih i F ±^6 TRAVELS ^/Z^ jEsuits. \'er, at his Rtturn from a Campiiign made under the Emperor, again ft the Gallas^ in whicli he liad ilgnahzM himk'lf -, lie piirfuing tiie Enemy with ib much Vigour, that eight fell by his IJand. This Prinre had a tender Regard for the People, whofe Parent he would have been, had Eleaven indulged • him a longer Courfe of Years, a Proof of which he gave the Night before his Death. Hie Monarch beinp- come to pay him a Viht, attended by the chief Noblemen of the Court, the Prince faid .that he had but one Requeil to make : 'Tis this. Sir, faid he : Comfort your SidjedlSy iiiw are grievoujly op- f)refs*cl by the infatiahk ylvarice of your Minifiers and Governors. Tht Emperor was fo affefied with thcfe Words, that he could not forbear fliedding Tears j promifing, at th.e fame Time, to look carefully into the Matter. I was told this Particular by the Per- fon who brought the News of his Death to Duvarna ; with the Order f r offering up Prayers for the de- ceas'd Prince, and weeping for him, as is the ufual Cullom. The Circumitances related concerning his Virtues are worthy of everlaffing Remembrance. The Emperor happening to fall into an Ambufcade of the Enemy, the young Prince rode with all ima- ginable Speed to his AfnU-ance ; rulh'd among the thickeft of the Foe ; charg'd them on all Sides ; and behavM fo gallantly, that he fav'd his Father's Life at the Hazard of his own. The Emperor, either out of Policy or for Di- verfion fake, fometimes d i fgu ifes him felf, and with-, draws, with two or three Contidents, fo that none elfe know what is become of him. Pie once ab- fented himlelf durinG* two Months, which made the Prince his Son prodigioufiy uneafy, it being fup- pos'd that the Emperor was dead. Some of the molt confiderable Noblemen of the Court, who were very dcfirous of ralfing them- Iclves, by fiattering the Ambition of the young Prince, TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 257 Prince, advis'd him toafTume the Helm of G')vern- ment, and to caufe himlelf to be declared Empe- ror i obferving it might naturally be fear'd, that in the then prefent Pofture of Affairs, fome of his Brothers might anticipate him, and ftir up certain Provinces. They promis'd, at the fame Time, to be faithful to him ; and declared that they were ready to facrifice their Lives and Fortunes tor his Sake. The Prince, who was extremely fond of iiis Fa- ther, and inviolably attached to his Intereft, rejcd:- ed with Indignation the Propofal made Irm by thofe venal Courtiers -, and dcckrM that he would never afccnd the Throne till fuch Time as he faw his Fa- ther's Body. The Monarch returned fome Days after *, and was inform'd, by a faithful Courtier, of the feveral pernicious Counlels which had been given his Son. As he is a very wife and difcreet Mo- narch, he made no Stir upon this Occafion ; howe- ver, the Flatterers diiappcar'd, and have never been fecn fince. The prcfumptive Heir to the Crown has a Principality annexed to his Perfon. I tra- velled thro* tins Principality in my Way to Duvar^ m. The City is called Heleniy and we there lee a very noble Monallery and a moft magnificent Church. *Tis the fineft and largeft in all Ethiopia^ and dedicated to St. Helena^ which, probably, is the Reafon why the City is called Heleni, In the Center of the large Square or Court before the Church, are three Spires, in a pyramid ical Form, made of Gran it *, and covered with Hierogly- phicks. Among thcfe Figures, I obferv'd, on e- very Face, a Lock cut ; which is fomething exi a- ordinary, as the Ethiopians don't employ Locks, nor fo much as know the Ufe of them. Tho' thefe Spires have no Pedeflals, they feem as high as the Obelifk, placed on its PedefLal, before St. Peterh in * A Kind of Marble, S Rome, ;'T lit ^M f.' i'l ij IT .!:! : 25S TRAVELS of the Jesuits.' Rome. This Country is thought to have been that of the Queen of Sbeba*\ feveral Villages in the Jurifdidion of that Principality being called Sa- bairn to this Day. In the Mountains is dug Mar- ble, no Ways inferior to that of Europe j but a more confiderable Circumftance is, the People find a great deal of Gold, even in ploughing the Ground ; and fome Pieces of Gold, which I tho.jght very pure, were brought me privately. The Friars be- longing to this Church wear Garments of yellow Skins, of which their Skull-Caps are alfo made. Upon the Arrival of the Courier which brought the lad News of Prince Bq/ilius's Death, the Bar- nagas's caufed it to be publifhed, by Sound of Trum- pet, in the feveral Towns under their Jurifdidion. All Perfons mourned, which is perform*d by (hav- ing the Head ; and this is done by Men, Women, and Children, throughout the whole Empire. On the Morrow the two Governors, followed by the Sol- diery and a numberlefs Multitude of People, went to the Church dedicated to the Virgin Alary^ where a folemn Service was performed in Commemoration of the deceafed Prince ; after which they returned to the Palace in the fame Order. The two Barna- ga's fat down in a fpacious Hall, feating me between them 5 afterwards the Officers and Perfons of Dif- tindlion of both Sexes placed themfelves round the Hall. Women with Tabors, and Men having none, placed themfelves in the Middle of the HalJ, and began to fing a Sort of Song in Honour of the Prince, and this in fo very mournful a Tone, that I could not forbear weeping. The Ceremony ] ^fted about an Hour. Some, as a Token of ..leir Grief, fcratched their Faces till the Blood came, or * ' ris (aid, that the Abyjfmian Monarchs fancy themfelves to bfi defcended from Muqueda, (or NizauUt according to Jofepku^) Queen of the South, or $heba. burnt TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 259 burnt their Temples with Wax-Tapers *. None but Perfons of Qiiality were in this Hall ; the com- mon People being in the Courts, where they vent.:d Cries in fo doleful a Strain, as muft have moved the moft (lony Hearts. Thefe Ceremonies iailed three Days, as is the ufual Cuftom. I am to obfervc, that whenever an Ethiopian dies, dreadful Cries are heard on every Side. All the Neighbours meet in the Houfe of the Deceafcd, and weep with the Relations who come there for that Purpofe. The dead Body is wafhed with pecu- liar Ceremonies ; and after being wrapp'd in a Wind- ing-Sheet of new Cotton, 'tis laid in a Coffin (land- ing in the Middle of a Hall, where Wax Tapers are burning. They then',redouble their Wailings and Tears, Tabors founding all the Time. Some addrefs themfelves in Prayer to Heaven for the Soul of the Deceafed ; others repeat Verfes in his Praife ; tear their Hair, fcratch their Faces, or burn their Flefh with Torches as an Indication of their Grief. This Ceremony, which is prodigioufly affeding, lafts till the Friars come and take up the Body. After fmg- ing certain PfalmSj and making the feveral Per* fumings with Incenfe, they begin to walk, holding, an Iron Crofs in their right Hand, and a Prayer Book in their left. They themfelves carry the Bo- dy, and fing Pfalms all the Way : The Relations and Friends of the Deceafed follow after. Hill con- tinuing their Lamentations ; Tabors beating all thd Way. All have their Heads (haved, which is the Indication of Mourning, as I obferv*d before. When they pafs before any Church the ProcelTion halts : Then they offer up certain Prayers, and afterwards proceed forward till they come to the Place of Bu* rial. Here they again begin the Perfumings with Incenfe*, fing Pfalms for Ibme Time in a mournful Tone, and lay the Body in the Ground. Perfons * This muH be a very odd Manner of exprcfling GiJof* S 2 ^ !lfc W1' C ■m >r^ '{'iSl I i :r i\ I .% tk 26o TRAVELS o/'//j^ Jesuits; of fome Confideratioii are buried in the Churches,' and the Vulgar in common Church-yards, where a great Number of Crofles are {ct up, much after the fame Manner as in the Convents of the Cartbujians, The Company then return to the Houfe of the Deceafed, where a Fcafl: is made. They meet there Morning and Evening, during three Days, in order to weep ; and all this Time they take no Suftenance except in that Place. The three Days being ended, they feparate till the eighth Day after the Interment; and affemble in order to weep for two Hours once a Week, which Cuftom they obferve the whole Year round ; and this is their Anniverfary *. "When a Prince, who is Heir to the Crown, or fome other Perfon of very great Diltindtion dies, the Empe- ror does notconcern himfelf, for 3 Months, with pub- lic Affairs, unlefs they are extremely urgent. As this Monarch intended to fend an EmbalTador into France^ he commanded Moorat to come to him ; gave him his Orders and credential Letters for the King ; and after invefting him with the ceremonial Mantle, in a publick Audience, bid him itt out. However, his Journey was no ways fortunate, the Horfes which he was to prefent to our Monarch dying on the Road ; and as Moorat was obliged to fend to Court for a frefh Supply, this Accident retarded our Progrefs fo much, that I refolved to go before to Matzuma-f to give Orders for our Embarkation, and 'wait for him there. * All Writers on Ethiopia, that have fallen into my Hands a- gree, that the AbyJJinimis make great Howlings at the Death of their Relatioiis and Friends : That the Corps, after being waft- ed and perfumed, is wrapt in a Cloth ; and being carried on a Bier by fome of the Clergy (as is the Cuftom among the Ro- f/iafiijii) thefe read certain Pafl'ages out of the Pf.lms over it ; they h iving no exprefs funeral Service. 'Tis farther faid, that the Ahjftnians never ufe Coffins ; and that the Relations and Friends mourn fome Time in tattei'd Garments. f Me^ua, in the Original. Thig TRAVELS of the ]i.s>v IT %. 261 T'le evening before my Departure, the Barna- gas's, after fv^nding away the Forces which had con- dufted mc as far as Diivarna^ ordered an hundred Foot Soldiers, armed with Lances, and headed by an Officer on Horfeback, to be in Readincf's co march on the Morrow, to auard me to Mntzima. I di^' mifled part of my Servants, and kept only thirty. I fet out from Duvarna the eigluii of Septemkr^ 1700, and with great DiiTiCuIty and Dangei crofs'd Moraha *, a very rapid River. From Btivarna the Lords of the f-veral Villages don't caule. their Vafliils to carry the Baggage ; but employ, for that Purpofe, certain Oxen caii'd Bers^ which are of a different Kind from thofe called Frida -j-, thefe being the common Oxen. Thefe Shafts, whofe Flefli is not eaten, will go a- prodigi- ous Way in a Ihort Time. I employed twemy, part of them carrying our moft confiderable Provi- lions for the Voyage, and the reft our Tents ; we, ever fince the rainy Seafon was ended, lying dur- ing the Night, in the Fields. The Inhabitants of this Country, who are partly Mohammedans and partly Chrijlians, brmg Frovi- fions CO the Caravans which pafs that Way. Being told, that within a Day's Journey of our Road ftood a famous Monaftery. I was determined to go and fee it, and for that Purpofe left the great Road ; taking with me twenty of the Soldiers, with their commanding Officer, for the greater Security. We were above half a Day in alcending a very fteep Mountain, which is quite covered with Trees. Be- ing got to the Summit of it, we found a Crofs and the Monaftery fought after. This religious Houfe ftands in the Middle of a Foreft, in a dreadful Solitude. 'Tis well built, and * I find a River called March y in MolL f Or Freeda, s 3 has :'-f: J262 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. has a very extenfive View, we thence difcovering the Red'Sea, and a vaft Extent of Country. In this Monaftery are an hundred Friars, who lead a Life of very great Aufterity, and are cloathed after the fame Manner with tiiofe of Heleni. Their Cells aie fo very fmall, that a Man can fcarce lie down at full Length in them. They, like the red of the Mimks of Ethiopia, eat no Flefh. They are per- petually fixed in Contemplation on God and holy Things, which is their whole Employment. I there faw a Man of about threefcore and fix Years of age, who, during feven Years, had fubfifted on nothing but thv Leaves of the wild Olive-Tree,. which ex- treme Mortification made him fpit Blood in a vio- lent Manner. I gave him fome Phyfic, and pre- fcrib'd a Regimen not quite fo fevere as that he had hitherto obferved. He was a very handlbme, af- fable Man, and Brother to the Governor of ^igra. The Abbot of the Monafiery gave us a mofl af- fedionate Reception. The inftant we arrived, he walhed and kiffed our Feet, during which the Fri- ars faid certain Prayers. This Ceremony being ended, we proceeded, in Proceflion, to the Church, the Friars ftill finging •, and then we went into an Apartment, where a Repaft was brought us, which was only Bread dipt in Butter, and fome Beer , neither Wine nor Mead being drunk in that Convent ; nor is any Wine ever ufcd except for the folemnizing Mafs. The Abbot was always in our Company, but did not eat with us. Taking Leave, on the Morrow, of the Abbot and Friars, who did me the Honour to accompany mc a great Way ; I returned to our Caravan, and purfued my Journey, but did not meet with any Thing remarkable in it. A Week after our fet- ting out from Duvarna we arrived at Arcoova, a 1/ttle Town (landing on the Red-Sea^ and which die TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 263 the Geographers erroneoufly call Arequies *, where he (laid but one Night. On the Morrow we crofsM in a Boat an Arm of the Sea, and went to Mejjua -f , a fmall Idand, or rather a barren Rock, on which a Fortrefs (lands. It belongs to the Grand Signior, and is the Refidence of a Bafla. This Fortrefs is a very trifling Place ; and might cafily be taken [by a Man of War well mann'd. During :ny Stay there, an EngVJh Ship came and call Anchor before it, which threw all the People of the Ifland into the iitmoft Confternation. They were going to quit it, when the Captain of the Ship put his Long-boat aftiore, to afllire the Command- ant, that he needed not be under any Apprehen- fion from the Englijh^ they being Friends to the Grand Signior. The Balla of Meffita appoints the Governor of Suaquen t, a Town liibj'eft to the ^urkijh Empire, and (landing on the Red-Sea. Here is the Fifhery for Pearls and Tortoifes, of which a great Trade is carry'don, and this is a con- fiderable Addition to the Grand Signior's Revenues. The Ba(ra of Mejfua (hewed me the higheft Ci- vilities, at the Recommendation of the Emperor of Ethiopia, who is much dreaded in that Coun- try, and with great Reafon ; fince the Ahyjfinians might eafily feize upon that Place ([, which they formerly pofle(red, by (larving it out, and refufing Water to the Inhabitants of Mejjua, who are forc'd to fetch all they want from Arcoova, there not being any in the Ifland. * I fuppofe, as was before cbferved, this to be what is called. Erquiko or Arqu'ika in our Maps. f Or Matzuma. ;j; Saquem, II How much does this differ from what is declared by other Writers, who tell us, that the Grand Signior has quire curb'J the Power of the Ahyjftnian Monarchs. Poflibly tin's may be owing to the Jefuits, who, after they were drove from Ahvjfinia^ endeavour'd to make the Emperor of it appear inconfiderable to the Europeans. 3 4 During 1 1 ■ ■. '' ..•'H J |fl ll ;JR M iili M ^'MH 264 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. During my Stay at the Ethiopian Court, I was told that the Dutch had cndLavoured, more than once, to trade with the Ethiopians \ but whether it be owing to the Difference of their Religions, or that the mighty Power, which the Dutch have gained in India gave them Umbrage ; 'tis certain that the Ethiopians don't care to be concerned with them *, and I have often heard them fay, that they will never put any Confidence in Chriftians who nei- ther fad, invoke the Saints, nor believe in Tran- fiibftantiation *. The Eyiglifh likcwife are defirous of trading with the Ethiopians ; and I myfelf know that one Aga^ fyri^ an Armenian Merchant, had agreed to intro- duce them into this Country, the Trade of which would be advantageous to the Englijh ; fince, be- lidcs Gold, Civet, Elephants Teeth, i£c, they might draw from Ahyffinia^ Aloes, Myrrh, Cafiia, Tamarinds and Coffee, which is not much efteemed by the Ethiopians, I was told that Coffee was for- merly iranfplantcd h'om Ahyjfmia mx.o I'eman^or Ara- bia Felix, which now fupplies it 5 the Ethiopians In this Age, never raifing die Plant which produces it, except merely out of Curiofity. The Plant wliich produces Coffee -f-, is very like the Myrtk-Shrub. Its leaves are always Green, but * This very poffibly may be only a Flouriftiofour Phyficlans, as the moft approved Writers on Ethiopia agree, that the Abyf' fuiinns don\ believe in Tranfubilantiation ; and difclaim moft other i'cints of the Popijh Doclrlne, as Purgatory, Service in an un* known ron<'U?, Image V/orfliip, Auricular Confeflion, Extreme Undion, Celibacy of the Clergy, ^c. \ CcfF-c was iirft diunk in ^//^/«;7rf' in 1652. The CoiFee- Shrub grows to about the height of eight or ten Foot,and its B-irk is Gray. The '1 wigs riTc by Pairs, and tiie Leaves on the Twigs in the fame manner. The Leaves are about four Inches long and two broad, in the middle. They are fhaped much like the Bay-leaf. The Fruits hangs to the Twig, fometimes one, two or more in the iame Place. The Natives plant ihefe Shrubs in a rich TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 26^ but larger, and more tufted. It bears a Fruit like -; Piltacho-Nut, having a Hufk containing two Berries, and this is what we call Coffee. This Hiifk is Green at firft, but grows Brown as it ripens. Coffee is not put into boiling Water, to prevent its fprouting, as Ibme have alTcrted ; it being tak»\T out of the Hufks, and fent away without any farther Preparation. I was uneafy at the Embaffidor Moorai*s Stay, being afraid of lofing the Opportunity of the Mon- ibons. I therefore wrote Word to inform him, that I was ref »lved to go to Gedda *, and wait for him in that Town *, to which he anfwercd, I might do as I judged proper, and that he would endea- vour to meet me there, in which he ha^I been pre» vented by the Death of Prince Baftlius^ and the many Diflicultiea he had met with m ihc Journey. I then difmiffcd all my Servants ; and rewarded them in fo liberal a Manner, as could not bii« give them an Etlecm for the French Natic^n. They all melted into Tears, and would fai.i have followed me, but I did not think proper to take rh; m any further. This being don:, I too!; ! uvc of the Pilla oi ivL'jfita\ and, the 28th oi O£lobevy went on Board a B.;rk built at Snrat. I did not care to truft mylrlf in any of the Ships of the Country, they appearing to mc crazy and very iinfafe. The Boards, though pitched over, are tied together only with Ropes, that are far from ftrong, any more than the Sails, which are on- ly of Matts made with the Leaves of the Bomi, How- a rich Soil, which is watered by artificial Channels : and as, af- ter three or four Years, the Si? rubs begin to decline, new Ones are planted. The Berries are dried in the Sun, and the outward Husks are afcerwards taken off by flaiidmills, which Husks, roaded, the Arabians ufe inftead cf Coffee- Berries. When the B -Tries are roalled, the bel way of kt-vping them is in feme warm Place, Damps taking off the Briiknefs of their Flavour. ' * ^iderty or Judda* ever It 266 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. ever thcfe Veflels, though fo badly equipped, and worfe fleered, carry a confiderabJe Lading; and though there are not above feven or eight Men to manage them, they are of great Service in every Part of this Sea. Two Days after our leaving Mejfouay we came to a little Ifland called Behelec. I'he Ships which come from India take in frefh Water and Provi- Cons here, of which there is great Abundance, ex- cept Bread, the Inhabitants themfelves often want- ing it, they fubfifting ufually on Fifli and Fledi. We ftaid a Week in this Ifland, on Account of the contrary Winds ; but the Inftant a favourable Gale fprung up, we failed to another Ifland called Abu- gafar^ or Father of Pardon, The Captain went a- ihore, and carried a Torch to the Sepulchre of this jibugafar. The Mohammedans would be afraid of being cafl: away, were they to omit this Ceremo- ny 5 and even frequently go out of their Courfe to vifit this pretended Saint. We afterwards failed, in the high Sea, amidfl: Shelves and Banks of Sand of which there are great Numbers, and almofl: upon a level with the Top of the Water, which makes the failing this way very dangerous ; but as the Pilots are very well acquainted with them, they fail through them without being under the leaft Ap- prehenfions, though this Part of the Sea is filled with them. We arrived, the fixth Day, at Kotum- luly a very high Rock {landing in the Sea, within half a League of the Continent of Arabia. We cafl: Anchor between the Bank and the Land, and ipent the Night there. The next Day we coafl:ed along Arabia, and cafl: Anchor before Ibrahim Mer- fa, or Abraham's Anchoring- place. We continued our Courfe •, and after failing a Week, landed at Confita ^, a pretty Town, fubjc6l to the King of • I don't meet with this Name, or that of any the Iflands a- bove in our Maps: Meccay TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 267 Mecca^ and the firfl: Sea-port in his Dominions, Southward. People arc glid to go a-fliore here, they paying but one Duty, whereas they are forced to pay two in other Phices. There are very fine Warchoufes in this City, and there the Goods brought a-fhore are ftorcd, after which they are fent by Land on Camels to Judda^ which is five or fix Days Journey from it. We lay at Anchor a Week before Conjita, expelling a Wind, and in order to reft ourfelves. A great Trade is carried on in this City, it being frequented by a vaft Number of Mohammedan Merchants, Arabians and Indians : Such Indians as are Idolaters arc not admitted into it. Provifions are more plentiful and cheaper here than at Judda^ where we arrived the fifth of December 1 700. From Kotumbnl to Judda^ we failed only in the Day-time, and caft Anchor every Night for fear of the Banks of Sand. Judda or Si den is a large City, on the Sea-fhore, within half a Days Journey from Mecca *. The Port or rather the Road, is fafe enough, though the Northweft Wind blows into it. The Bottom is pretty good in certain Places, and there is Depth of Water enough for fmall Ships, but Ships of a large Burthen are obliged to keep within a League of it. I went a-fhore, and took up my Quar- ters in an Okel -f-, which is compofed of tour ranges of Houfcs, three Story high, with a Court in the middle. The loweft Story confifts of Warc- houfes, and the other Stories are for Travellers. There are no other Inns in this Country, nor in Turkey : and there are a confiderable Number of Okels in Judda, The Inftant a Traveller is arrived. !!■ • 'Tis the Port-Town of Mecca^ where the Pilgrims ufualljr land, and it belongs to the Grand Signior. The Country round it is very barren. The Arabians bring vaft Quantities of Coffee hither. -f: Oqiiel. he 'I'.l '! ;;i|i 268 T R A V E L S 0/ the Jesuits. he enquires for Rooms and Warclioufcs that may fiiit hinii paying, to the Owner, a certain Price, which is ever fixe J. I gave four Crowns a Month for two Rooms, a Terrafs, and a Kitchen. Thefe Okcls are as fo many Azyhjms and confecrated Places, where a Traveller needs not fear being in- fulted or robbed, One great Inconvenience is, the Landlords never provide a fingle Thing ; fo that a Lodger is obliged to purchafe his own Furniture, and buy and drels all his own Provifions, unlcfs his Servants do this. Two Days after my Arrival in "Jiidda^ the King of Mecca * came thither with an Army of Twenty Thouland Men f . Me caufed his Tents to be pitched, and encamped before the Gate of the City which leads to Mecca. I law him. He is about Threcfcore; of a Majeflic Stature, and has an A- fpedt itrikes Terror. I'he right-fide of his lower Lip is divided. He is not applauded either by his Sabjcds or his Neighbours, for Gentlcnefs or Cle- mency. He forced the Bafili who commands in Jtidday by Order of the Grand Signior, to give him * Mecca (lands in a Valley, almoft furrounded with Mcun- taini. 'Tis twice the Bignefs of Medina t and the Houfcs, which are low, are built of Brick. In the Center of the Tovvn flands the Kaabay or Houfe of God, which the Mohammedans declare to have been built by Abraham. Here Pilgrims perform their De- votions, but are not allowed to enter the Kaaha. Though this City is fo much rever'd by the Mohammedans^ it yet has been feveral Times befieged, plundered and burnt. •j- The Inland Parts of Arabia^ are fubjedl to a great Variety of petty Princes who wander from Place to Place, and encamp wherever they find Pafture, and Water for their Cattle. The Boundaries of thefe petty Princes ccn fcarce be fixed ; but thofe who govern, near the Sea-Coafts, may be better afcertained. Such Arabians as inhabit Towns, are very few in Number com- pared to thofe who live in I'ents, and rove from Place to Place. 'J'he Sovereign of Mecca is one of the moft powerful Princes in Arabia. His Dominions which extend along the Shores of the Red Sea, are faid to be Two Hundred and Sixty Leagues in Length, and about Fifty in Breadth. Fifteen TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 269 Fifteen Thounmd Gold Crowns ; threatning to di- veft hitn of his Government, in Cafe he did not comply inftantly. He likcwilc opprcfll-d all liich Merchants, Subjet^t.. of the Grand Signior, as are fettled there for carrying on their Traffic, making them pay Thirty Thou land Gold Crowns. Thele two Sums he diltrihuted ai.iong his Soldiers, who are ever very numerous, by which Means he is ever Mafler of the FieUl. Caravans come yearly from India and Turkey^ in Pilgrimage to Mecca, Some of them are valtly rich ; the Merchants go- ing in thefe Caravans, for the Conveniency of tran- fporting their Indian Goods into Europe^ and thofe of Europe into India, When thefe Caravans arrive at Mecca^ a great Fair is held in it, to which re- tort a numberlcfs multitude of Mohammedan Mer- chants, who bring the moH: precious Commodities of Europe^ Afia and Africa,^ which are there bartered. The King of Mecca plundered the Caravans of India and Turkey in 1699, and 1700. This Prince is called Xerif^ or fupremely noble *, becaufe he pretends to be defcended froin the Prophet Mohammed, The Grand Signior ufed, during a long Courfe of Years, to give the Inveftiture of this Kingdom ; but the prel'ent Xcrif^ who is a very haughty Prince, will not fubmic to his Authority, but calls him, out of Contempt, Elon Mamluc, or Son of a Slave. f Medina is the chief City of his Kingdom. • This Xeii/, and fome others, are alfo called Emlrs^ both which are faid to fio;niry the Sacerdotal and Regal Office, as, before them, (the Kalif) among the Saracens. \ The Arahia7i5 called it Medina Al-nahiy or City of the Pro- phet. It confifls of about a Thouland Houles of Brick and Stone. There are many Mofques in this City, the chief whereof is cal- led the moll Holy. In a Tower in this Temple Hands Mjhant" mcd\ Tomb, which 'tis faid the Pilgrims are not permitted to fee. The Story of Mohammed^s Cofiin bjing fiifpcuded by a Loadftone is a Fiction Pilgrims commonly vific this Tomb at their Return from Mecca. The Place of this Sepulchre is called by way of eminence, the Mtiadow or Gaid.'n. I 'Tis M ^M II' iil 270 TRAVELS of the Jesuits.' *Tis famous for being the Seat of Mohammed'i Tomb, as Mecca is for giving Birth to him. The Monarch docs not refide much in Medina^ he being generally at the Head of his Armies. The Turks^ upon their Arrival at Medina, undrefs themfelves out of Refpe6t,keeping on nothing but a Scarf which covers the middle of their Body -, and travel in this geer^ three or four Leagues. Thofe who do not care to fubmit to this, pay a Sum of Money, in •rder to make a Sacrifice to God, in Honour of Mohammed. The Chrijlians, and particularly the Franks, cannot fettle in Judda becaufe of the Neighbour- hood of Mecca, <:he Mohammedans never permit- ting them to do it. Neverthelefs a great Trade is carried on here •, fuch Ships as return from In- dia calling Anchor before it. The Grand Sig- nior commonly keeps Thirty large Ships in thefe Seas, for the conveying of Merchandize '*. Thefe Ships have no Cannon, though they are large enough to carry an hundred. All Things are dear at Judda, not excepting Water, becaufe of the vaft Refort of fuch Numbers of different Nations ; a Pint of Water, of Paris Meafure, coding Two- Pence or Three-pence 'f*, and that becaufe it is brought four Leagues. The Walls of this Town are very weak ; the Fortrefs which ftands towards the Sea, is a little better ; but it could not be able to fuftain a Siege, though there are fome Pieces of Cannon for its Defence. Moft of the Houfes are of Stone ; and the Roofs are fo many Terrafles, af- ter the manner of the Eajlerns. * Th« Red Sea was prodigiouily frequented before the Dif- covery of the Cape of Good Hope', but we are told that, of late Years, few Ships go higher than Mocha y except the Turkijh Gallies, and the Vefl'cls which convey the Mohammedan Pil- grims to Mecca. f About Three Half-pence, EngUJh Money. There TRAVELS of the Jesuits: 271 iThere was (hewn me, on the Sea-ihore, within two Mufket-ihot of the City, a Sepulchre which my Guides declared to be that of Eve, The Coun- try round Judda is quite diHigreeable ; nothing be- ing feen but barren Rocks, and uncultivated Places full of Sand. I would gladly have vifited Mecca^ but no Chriftian is permitted to go thither, upon Pain of Death. There is no River between Judda and Mecca, as fome have falfly afferted ; there be- ing only a Spring whence the Water drank in Judda is drawn. After (laying a Month in this Town, I received Advice that it would be fome Time before Moorat the Ambaflfador arrived in it 5 and alfo that he would be obliged to (lay a Year longer in Abyffiniay (hould he negled the Opportunity of the Monfoons. For this Reafon I refolved to embark in the Ships which were now preparing to fail for Suez ; and to vifit Mount Sinai, whither Moorat had appointed me to go, in Cafe he did not come to Judda, Accordingly I embarked, the 1 2th of January 1700, in one of the Ships which the Grand Signior had ordered to be built in Surat, Though thefe Ships are of very great Burthen, they yet have but one Deck *. The Sides are fo high, that the talle(t Man could not reach up to them. The Ropes of thefe Ships are very thick and hard, and their Mails and Sails differ but little from ours. One Thing very particular in thefe Veflels is, a kind of Cifterns, which are fo capacious, that they contain Water enough to fupply an hundred and fifty Men during five Months. Thefe Citterns are fo well varnifhed within, that they preferve the Water very pure and clean, and much better than the Hoglheads ufed in Europe, *Twas with great Difficulty we got from among the Sand-banks which he about Judda^ and * I fuppofe thefe are ^allie^. ,!Y.1 r^f\ V-irS' ill-!"'' " ii . i. t 'S S^P !i f i|- ' »; 672 TRAVELS of the Jesuits: are found in every Part of that Sea ; and for this Reafon ^e kept as near as poflible to the Shore, which lay on our Starboard-fide. We caft Anchor every Evening, for fear of running on one of thefe Bpiiks, which the Pilots avoid very Ikilfully. They are l\^en every where rifing to the Surface of tlie Water ; and the Pilots pafs boldly through them, which is owing to their great Experience of thefe SciS from their Infancy ; many of them being born on Board thefe Ships, which may be confidered as fo many floating Warehoufes. After failing five or iix Days, we cafl Anchor before the Ifland of Hrjam- , within two Leagues of the Continent. This l-'^ind is not inhabited, but we took in very good Water there. From that Place, to Suez Ships drop Anciior every Night near the Shore; on which Occafions the j^ral/s never fail to bring Refo niments. l\vc!ve or Thirteen Days after our Departure from Haja?na, we came to the Road of Tamboe, Hiis is a pretty large Town, defended by a Calfle flaailirig on the Sca-fide, the Fortifications whereof arc in a very poor Condition *. It belongs to the King of Mecca, I did not vifit it, becaufe the Arabs^ who are hovering up and down every where thereabouts, rob Travellers, and abufe fuch as go alliore. We were flopped a Week in this Road by contrary Winds. Tvvo Days after our leaving Tcimboey we caft Anchor between two Sands, where there arofe fo a furious Storm, that two of our Cables broke, fo that we had like to have perilhed ; but, very happily the Scorm did not laft long.. We went a-fhore at Meeula f, a Town about the * It has a tolerable good Harbcur, and is now the Port Town to Medina. Some fay that this CalUe is ftrong enough to refid the Attacks of the Wild Arabsy but not to Hand a pio- feffid Siege in Form. f Mieula. fame TRAVELS of the ]esv ITS, 273 fame Extent as Tamhe, which alfo has a Caftle, but 'tis weak. From thence we failed to Cbiunna, a a very good Harbour, where Ships are fecured from Storms. Here we meet with no Town or Village, but only Teats inhabited by Arabs, We did not arrive at Chiurma till the 2 2d of Aprils occafioned by the contrary Winds. The Monfoons being far advanced, I thought it would be impoflible to pro- ceed any farther by Sea, for which realbn I landed at Chiurma^ were I procured Camels, which in fix Days, carried me to Tor *. 'Tor is fubjedt to the Grand Signior. There is a Garrifon in the Caftle, with an Aga who commands in it, and a great Number of Greek Chrijlians are found in the Vil- lage. They have a Monaftery agreeably to their Worlhip, which is fubjed: to the great one of Mount S'mai. I was here told that the Archbifhop of the Monaftery of Mount Sinai^ who was paralytic, hear- ing of my Arrival at Judda^ had fen t to Tor^ to in- vite me to go and fee him. Accordingly I fet out for that famous Monaftery •, and it was three Days before I reached it ; the Roads being vaftly trouble- fome, we were obliged to travel over very fteep Mountains. The Monaftery of Mount Sinai ftands at the Foot of the Mountain \ and the Gates of that Religious Houfe are always walled up, on Ac- count of the Incurfions of the Arabs. I was drawn up into it -j- by Ropes faftened to a Pulley, and my Baggage after the lame manner $. * From Tor, according to a Tradition of the Natives, may b: fcjn the Place where the Ifraelites went over the Red Sea. The Sea, in that Part, is about Five Leaojues over ; and, in the middle of the Channel about 35 Fathoms (deep. f 'Tis fiiid that Travellers are let up and down in a Basket. X Certain Travellers relate, that the Monks have abandoned thi^ Monaftery, on Account of the JViU Arabs plundering the Camels which were bringing Provifions to tliem, and that they ratired to Tor, T I > m ^mn \X' ^1 m H P 1 274 TRAVELS (?///j£' Jesuits, I immediately paid my Compliments to the Archbifliop, who is a venerable Man, aged Ninety- three Years. One fide of him was ftruck with the Palfy, a Sight which grieved me very much, I hav- ing known him fome Years before ; and had re- covered him at Grand Cairo, when labouring under a Fit of Sicknefs. On this Occafion I was fo for- tunate, as to enable him to celebrate Mafs, ponti- fically, on Eajler Sunday, which he, till then, had not Strength enough to do for a long Time. This Monaftery is a very folid Building, and its Walls are very ftrong. The Church is magnificent, it having been raifed by the Emperor Juftinian, as the Friars told me. They are fifty in Number, ex- clufive of thofe who go about and aik Ahns. They lead a very mortified Life ; they never drink Wine, nor eat Meat, even when very Sick. The Wa- ter they drink is excellent, it being taken from a Spring rifing in the middle of the Monaftery. Thrice a Week they are allowed a fmall Glafs of Brandy, made with Dates. They keep a very ilrid Fafr during the four Lents obferved in the Eaftern Church ; and, out of thofe Seafons, they eat Pulfe and dried Fifli. They rife in the Night to chant the Office, and pafs tlie greateft Part of it in the Choir. They fhewed me a Shrine of white Marble, covered with a rich Piece of Cloth of Gold, in which St. Calharine's Body is depofited, but unfeen. They only fiiew us one of the Saints Hands, which is quite withered, but the Fingers are ftill covered with Gold Rings. The Archbi- Ihop, who is iikewife Abbot of the Monaftery, has under him a Prior who has little or no Power, ex- cept during the Abbot's Abfcnce *. I had the Cu- riofity *■ 'Tis called St Catlerhie's Alonafleiy, wliither the Monks Dretend the Body cf that Saint wir. brought, after fhe had been beheaded m Jlexandii(t- Tht C/tf o have been in Poilcflion of TRAVELS of /& Jesuits. 275 riofity to go to the Top of the Mountain, to the Spot where God delivered the two Tables of the Law to Mofes ; the Archbifhop being fo kind as to fend fome of his Friars with me. We went up. Four Thoufand Steps at leafl:, be- fore we got to the Top of this famous Mountain^ where a good neat Chapel is built. We afterwards had a Sight of that of Elias *. We breakfafted at the Spring ; and then returned, heartily tired, to the Religious Houfe. The neighbouring Mountain is flill higher, but I had not the Courage to go upon it, I being almofl: fpcnt with the firft Day's Journey. 'Tis on this fecond Mountain that St, Catherine's Body is faid to have been conveyed by Angels after her Martyrdom. I waited a Month in this Religious Houfe, in Expedtation of the EmbafTador Moorat, I now be- of this Monaftery above 1400 Years, it being firft given them by fome of the Grecian Emperors. There is a Traditioni that iVftf* l>amined confirmed the then Abbot and Religious of this Houfe, as well as all their SuccefTors, in the full Enjoyment of it, and the feveral Lands about it, upon Condition that they fhould treat all the neighbouring Arabs hofpitably ; which Condition the Monks afterwards complied with exaftly ; till the Arabs plun- dered the Caravaps which were bringing Provifions to the Mona- llery, on which Occafxons the Friars forfook it, and withdrew to Tor. This Convent was furrounded by a very thick, ftrong, high Wall, to fccure it from the Attacks of the Wild Arabs ; and being fituated on the Brow of a very fteep Rock, the Friars uled to let down the Provifions, (which were chiefly Corn) they furniOied the Arabs with, by a Rope ; and as for the Pilgrims, they were taken up, and let down in a Basket. The Afcent from the Foot of the Mountain to ^inai is vaftly fteep. * In the Way down this Mountain, a great Stone is (hewn, which, according to the Monks, is the Place where Elias refted himfelf, after his flying from Jezebel. A little below this, the Mohammedans, fliew the Print made by Mohamnied'i Camel, in the Rock, as he was travelling this Way. This Print they kifs very devoutly. Thus we have a Place where both Chrijlians and Mohammedans employ their Frauds, in order to impoje on the Weak and Superltitious. This Country is faid to be vaftly pleafant and fruitful, which poflibly might be the reafon vyhy the Children ol Ijrael continued fo many Years in it. T 2 gan .:,. A il-.;- irt 'ilNl mM % 'm I . I i' III: ■ n ill k III 276 TRAVELS of the Jesuits: gan to be tired, and had given him cjiiite over, when Advice was brought that he was come almoft to the Monaftcry, which gave me the higheft Satisfac- tion. I then went and met him, and prefented him to the Archbifhop, who received him very graci- oufly. Moorat informed me of the fcvcral Difap- pointmenrs he had met with in his Journey. He faid that the Death of Prince Bqfilius was the firft Thing which retarded him ; that tlie Emperor, notwithftanding his Grief, had admitted him to Audience, and commanded him to fetout-, and that he made fome flay in Duvarna, in Expcilation of new Orders from his Sovereign. FIc acquainted me with the ill Treatment he had received from the King of Mecca^ he having forced from him the Ethiopian Children he was carrying into France \ and, to add to his Misfortune, the Vcffel on board of which the Preflnts were put, iiad been call away near Tor : That nine large Ships laden with Coffee had flayed in diis Port, by their having fet fail too late, and lofing the Seafon of the Monfbons. This Delay has made Coffee very dear in Grand Cairo, as thofc Ships were not able to reach Suez, where they unlade, and are freighted with other Goods, as Linens, Corn, Rice, and other Provifions, which are brought from Grand Cairo, and bartered for thofe of India. After Moorat had refted five Days at Mount Sinai, we fet forwards towards Tor, where his Re- tinue waited for him. We flaid but one Night in this Harbour ; and proceeded by Land ; on the Mor- row for Suez ; travelling almoft continually by the Sea-fide. Vve reached the laft mentioned Town in five Days. Suez is a fmall City at the bottom of the G;;;ph of the Red Sea •, and is the Port to Cairo, whence it is diftijnt Three Days Journey. The Town above- mcntioacd is commanded by a Caftle built in the antient TRAVELS of t/je Jesujts. 277 iintlcnt Taftf, and poorJy fortified. There is a Governor with a G.irriibn of two hundred Men -, and there are very fine Warehoufcs*. The Country is no ways agreeable, theonly Objedls round it beingDefarts, interfperfcd with Rocks and Sands. This Town, hke that of Judda^ has no Water, which is brouglit from the adjacent Parts, but then 'tis cheaper. Upon my Arrival at 75?r, I wrote to Monfieur Maillct^ the French Conful at Cairo, to inform him of the Embafliidor's Arrival. He wrote me an Anfwer, by which I was defircd to mike all the halle polfible to Grand Cairo. I complied with his Requell, and took the Opportunity of the firft Ca- ravan that fet out, it confiding of about Eight Thoufand Camels. I mounted a Dromedary, and after going Three Leagues with the Caravan, I went on before them, and reached Grand Cairo in Four and Twenty Hours. Thcfe Dromedaries are fmallerthan Camels. They go very hard, but very fwlfr-footed ; and will travel Four and Twenty Hours without halting, and are employed only to carry Men. Being arrived at Grand CairOy I informed our Conful of the refult of our Journey, and got ready a fine Houfe for the Embaffador, who arrived two Days after. * Suez has no Water near it, by reafon that the Plains round arc all of Sand. Its Inhabitantr, fubHH whol'y by Trad?, which is very conliderablc, as all the (joods which come out of India into Europe, by tiic Red Sea^ are unladed here, and carried from thence to Grand Cairo and Alexandria. Some Imagine Suez to be the ancient Po/Jidium, and others Arfmoe. The Tcwn is a little above the Place wiiere the Ifraeiite^ crofTedthe Red Sea» Ti>e Guiph or Suez is ieparated from the Mediterranean, \y an Ifthmus only Fifty Leagues broad, by which u^Jia is joined to Jfrica. Some E2jptian Monarchs had formed a Defign to cut tliroiigh this lilhinus, in order to join the tv\o Scif, but to na Purpofe. The Town of Suez docs net now contain above 200 Houfes, and has a good Harbour enough, which yet is too Shal- low for Ships ot Burthen. 'Tis almoit a Defart, when foreign Veftels and the T-!^;-/^//.?' Gallics rire not there; but when thefe ii.'C lying before it, 'tis full of People. T 3 Mon- >,, l%\,. ''■-' I], i.'Kit :■ f 'I; 278 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. Monfieiir Maillet, the Inftant he heard he was come, fent him Refrefhments of every kind ; and then agreed, in Concert with Mooral, that I fhoiild embark for France^ in Order to inform our Court of the fcveral Particulars related above. I could fay much more concerning Ethiopia ; could treat of tiic Government of that mighty Em- pire-, of Its religious and civil Employments, Courts of Judicature ; of the Botany, and even Phyfic of the Abyjfmians -, but to do this, I mull firft enjoy the Repofe which is earneftly fought for, by thofe who undertake long and laborious Travels : And the Air of France muft firft have reftorcd me to my Health, the Sweets of which cannot be tailed, except it be perfeft. We Phyficians, who cure other People, often have not fkill enough to cure ourfclves. \ I ■\' '} ;i; TRAVELS g/^ //Si? Jesuits. 279 RELATION OF T FI E Expedition of the Portuguese into Abyssinia, under Don Chnftopher de Gama^ by Beii?jndeZy the Patriarch ; cxtrafied from Purchases Pilgrim * ; With fbme preliminary Hints. TH E Portuguefe firft difcovered, by Sea, the Ahyffinian Empire, to which the Ahyfftnians themfclvcs gave Occafion. The Emprefs Helena^ Grandmother to David Emperor of Ethiopia^ having been complimented, in the Name cf Emanuel King of Portugal, by two * The Title in Purchas is as follows : A brief Relation of the Emhajptge, n/chich the Patriarch Don John Bermudcz, brought from the Emperor of Ethiopia, -vulgarly called Presbyter John, to the mojl Chrifiian and zealous of the Faith of Chrift Don John, the Third of this Name, King cf Portugal; dedicated to the f^oft high and mighty King o/"Poitugal, Don SebaiUan, of 7)ioft ble/fed Hope, the laji of his Name. In ivhich he relateth alfo the Dmth of Don Chr'i^opher of GsLvn^t and the Surcejfes which happene-^ to the Portuguefe that ix-ere in his Company. This Piece (dc'dicatfd to King Sebaftan) is inferted in Vol. II. Bock VII. Chap. VII. pag. 1 149, ^ feq. of Purchas's Pilgrim. Mr. la Croze, who has inferred a Verfion of this whole Relation, ia his Hijloire du Chriftianifme dTthiopie, Sec. juftly fets a very high Valuei upon it, and informs us that he wrote to Lf- hon f.ir the Original, but could not procure it, fo was obliged to concent hirafelf with tranfiating Purchas. T 4 Gen- • (i w I' I ;i.',il U n :|i!' I fiSo TRAVELS ^/^^ Jesuits. Gentlemen deputed to her by that Monarch, was determined to fend an Embaflador into Portugal^ to fettle a fl:ri6l Alliance between the two Crowns. The Embaffidor employed for this Purpofe was an jirmenian Merchant, named Matthew^ who, going to Lisbon^ retuincd to India on board the Porlu- guefe Fleet. He was accompanied by an EmbafTador from Portugal^ a Man of Quality, Edward Gahani by Name, who arriving at the Red-Sea^ died in an Jfland of it called Camaran •, fo that the Pcrtuguefe Ships, which had brought Gaham, were obliged to retuin to Goa. But as this fcemed an Affair of Importance, fome Years after Rodriguez de Lima^ a Portuguefe Gentle- man, was appointed Embaflador, and his Voyage was very long and laborious. Rodriguez went firft to the Iiland of Matzuma in the Red-Sea^ not far horn Ar qui CO', which two Places then belonged to the Jbjiffminn Emperor, as well as the Ifland of •9^- quem. The T'urks who took them afterwards, pof- icfs them at this Day. The Chaplain to the Embafly was, Francis Alva- rez^ Almoner in ordinary to his Portuguefe Majefty. To this Almoner, a Man of great Simplicity, but feeming Sincerity, we are obliged for the firft Ac- counts of the Ahyjfinian Empire •, he publifliing in UJbon^ 1540, a Relation of it, with that of his Voyage. This firft Edition printed in Gothic Let^ ters, was followed by many others, which are gene- rally efteemed by all the Learned. Rodriguez of Lima^ not meeting with Ships to convey him to Goa^ was obliged to ftay fix Years in Ethiopia. The Emperor who then fwayed the Scepter was called David. He received Rodriguez very joyfully ; and employed him to eftablilh an ofFenfive and de- fenfive Alliance with the King of Portugal^ in or- ^er to drive the Xurks^ and the reft of the Mohani^ medans^ TRAVELS ^/Zv Jesuits. 2S1 medans^ from all the Strong Holds pofleflcd b them on the Red Sea. 'Twas very difficult to k* '*p an Kntcrprize like this Secret for any Time. The Mohammedans were alarmed, particularly the King of Add or Zeila^ a Monarch whoTc Territories lay ncarcll to thofe of the Abyjfmian Emperor, Upon this the King of Adel began to eftablifh Inteirigences, and to levy Forces to prevent theP^r- tuguefe from joining with the Ahyjfinians. He fent a valiant Captain into Ethiopia^ to attempt the Con- queft of that Empire. This Captain,whofeName was Ahmed^ and firnam'd Gragna or Goronha^ Vifier to the King of Adel^ (not King of that Country, as Purchcs fuppofes) fought feveral Battles with the Forces of the Emperor David, whom he at laft obliged to retire, with few Troops, to folitary, in- accellible Mountains. The Abyjfinian Empire would have been totally ruined, had not the Emperor David craved AfTiftance of the Portuguefe, then very powerful in India. Accordingly ihey fent him For- ces, which gave Occafion to the famous Expedition, an Account whereof was writ by John BermudeZy Latin Patriarch in Ethiopia, who was a Speflator of all thofe Tranlliftions. This Bermudez was a Na- tive of Galicia in Spain, according to 'Nicholas An- tonio, pag. 500, and conlequently Abbe Renaudot is miftaken, in calling him an Ethiopian. Bermudez went into FJhiopia, in 1520, with Rodriguez de Lima, Embaflador from the King of Portugal, and the Viceroy of India. When the Ethiopian Empe- ror difmifled Rodriguez, and his Retinue, hedefired th"t Bermudez aVid a Fainter might continue in his Country. 'Tis the Trandation of this Expedition, which Purchas has given in his Pilgrims: And Tel- Itz, fpeaking of it, in his General Hijiory [of Ethio- pia, gives the following Character of it. " Ber- *' mudez the Patriarch, wrote a little Book on the '' Affairs oi Ethiopia^ publiHied in 1565, and de- " dicated '-. t • ^ 1' 'IV "'I •t I I, ■u. -jt in' 282 TRAVELS of t/je Jesuits." " dicatcd to King Sehaftian, Our Fathers (the Jc- ** fuits) who have been in Ethiopia^ declare that " he may be credited with Regard to fuch Particu- " lars as he himfelf faw ; but that it is othcrwifc ** with Refpcd to fuch Things as he knew only by " hearfay." If I may be allowed to give my own Opinion : This Account of Bermudcz^ {o far as it relates to the Expedition, fecms drawn np with great Sim- plicity and Truth •, but many other Parts of it a- bound with the marvellous, of which I (hall give fome Specimens hereunder. Here follows an Abftrafl of it, cxtradled from Bermudcz's Narrative, infertcd in Punbas's Pilgrim^ now before me. The Emperor (fays Bermudez) who reigned in Ethiopia^ Anno 1525, was named Onadinguel. The Patriarch dying, Onadinguel nominated me his Suc- ceffor, a Dignity I would not accept of, but upon Condition that it fhould be confirmed by the See of Rome. At the Monarch's Defire, I went to R9me to pay Obedience to the Holy Father -, who ratified all my Titles •, appointed me Patriarch of Alcxan- driay and Bllhop of the See of Ethiopia. I then went to Portugal^ to conclude the Embaify which the Emperor had fent thither by one of his Sub- jefts, Tzaga-za-ahas by Name *, with whom Fa- ther Alvarez returned to Europe. I met with a gracious Reception from his Portuguefe Majefty in Evora^ and then feized ^'zaga-za-ahas by the Em- peror's Orders. The Subjed of the Embafly fent by Onadinguel^ was to requeft a perpetual Friend (liip between the two Monarchs, for which Purpofe there fhould be Intermarriages between them 5 and like- wife to defire fome Portuguefe Succours, aglnft the Emperor's Enemy, the King of Zeila. His Name is falHy given by Punbas, The ' ' flu. TRAVELS ofikjEsvns. 283 The King of Portugal ordered mc a Body of Men, when having got my Difpatches, I embark- ed, and arrived at Goa^ v^herc 1 was received with areat Honours, and acknowledged a Patriarch. The Viceroy, Don Stephen de Cama^ command- ing a confiderablc Fkct to be fitted our, with a fe- kct Body of Forces on Board, we all fet fail and arrived at AUtzuma^ a Port in the Red Sea^ where, to our great Sorrow, we heard that the Emperor Onadinguel was dead. We afterwards were told, that the Empire was then pofitfled by the Q^ieen and one of her Sons, who oppofed the Enemy to the bell of their Power. I then, at the defire of Don Stephen de Gama the Viceroy, deputed an Officer to them *, during which the Viceroy himfelf, who was a very brave Man, endeavoured, but in vain, to fet Fire to the Turkijh Gallics at Su€Z\ but, during the Abfence of the Viceroy, one of the Captain's of the King of Zeila^ cut to Pieces fixty of our Men, and another of his Captains or Bernagaizh^ * defrauded the Portuguefe of a Thoufand Webs (Pieces I fuppofe) of Cotton. However, we afterwards over-reached this Berna^ gaiz, by pretending Amity ; when landing fix hundred Men in the Night, we feized on all the Polls by which the Enemy might efcape, andkill'd feme Turks ^ with the Bernaga'iz^ and lent Iiis Head to the Queen, for which flie returned us great Thanks. As it was now fuppofed, that the Enterprize would be more profitable and glorious then had at firfl been imagined, many other Perfons offered to en- gage in it ; and particularly Don Chrijlopher de Gama^ the Viceroy's Brother, defired to head it. The Vice- roy then ordered me four Jiundred Soldiers. Among thefe were feveral Perfons of Diftindlion, whofe * Bervagaixt fignifies King of the Sea, or he who commands over the Maritime Provinces. Dome- i ,.. ,, 284 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. Domefticks increafed our Army, and were after- wards of fignal Service. As we were going to fet out, a Chriftian Berna- gaiz brought us a great Quantity of Refrefliments of every Kind, after which, Bon Stephen the Vice- roy, and the Nobility in his Train, went to Ar- quico^ where they embarked for India^ and left us afhore. We now fet out on our March, and in three Days reached Deharoa, Here our Poriugueze were fcandalized, feeing the Ahyjftnians pradtife their religious Ceremonies, but I pacified them as well as I could. I then fent a MclTige to the Queen, who was coming to us with all the Diligence pofTible. We went and met her out of the City, our Army being drawn up after the European manner, which Sight furprized and picafed her exceedingly. She then afkcd my BlefTing, and gave Don Chriftopber de Gama a mod gracious Reception, thanking him for his Kindnefs in coming to her Afllllance. On the Morrow we all heard Mafs together, when we implored Heaven to give Succefs to our Arms. Marching from Debaroa, during feveral Days, we at laft came into a very agreeable Plain, where finding a Spring of clear Water, we pitched our Camp round it. The next Day came an Exprefs from Goronha, or Ahmed, Vifier to the King of Jdel, accompanied by feveral Perfons, who defired to fpeak with our General. Coming before him, he afked who he was ; offering Don Chrijlopher, pro- vided he would turn Mohammedan, vaft Riches, with a great number of beautiful Women ; and in cafe of his Refufal, he commanded him to leave the Country, which he declared was his. Don Chri^ ftopher replied, that he was a Captain of the King of Portugal, who had fent him to reftore Prejier to John his Kingdoms, which he, (the Y^m^o^ Adel,) had unjuftly ufurp'd : And, to fhew the Contempt in which he held him, he fent him back a Looking- I glafs. H m TRAVELS ofthejEsvns. 285 alafs, a Pair of Tongs for the Beard, and a Silver Egg •, but gave the MeiTenger fome very valuable Prelents, as two Bracelets of Gold, rich Garments, Upon this, Goronha raifed his Camp, and march- ed towards us, at the Head of ibout a thoufand Horfe, five thoufand Foot, ^ifiy Turkijh Fufileers, and the like number of Archers. Don Chrijlopher pLiced the Qiicen, and her Retinue, with the Bag- gage, in the Centre of his Army. The Queen was theii fcized with a Panick ; however, we wounded Qoronhay and Don Chrijlopher was himfelf hurt in the Leg. The Moors feeing their Commander wounded, retired and followed him ; Goronha poft- (d himfelf on a neighbouring Mountain, where he got his Wound drefled. Here a Renegado, firft Coufin to the BernagaiZy came and fubmitted to us, promifing to bring Cat- tle, and Provifions of every Kind, and was after- wards as good as his Word. By this Time Don Chrijlopbrr^ Wound was cured, but we now were almoft famiflicd, fo that I permitted them, tho' it was Lent, to kill and cat all the Cattile in their Camp. Immediately after, Goronha advanced with a greater Body of Forces than before, and fent a Mef- ilige to Don Chrijlopher to bid him be ready, which frighted the Queen and her two Sifters, fo that the;/ bclought me to fly. I complied with their Fears ; but Don Chrijlopher fending after us, I obliged the (^ueen to return back, fpite of her abundant Tears. I then gave her my BlefTmg, and abfolved her from all her Sins. At Day-Break the two Armies engaged very vigorouOy, when our Artillery, and the Powder we liad artfully fet fire to under the Mohammedans^ made a prodigious Slaughter of them. The Queen, who ftood near me, and always held a Crofs in her Hand, wept inccflantly, and cried, "O Father! What " have ¥ cc I SfKt ! , ^1 \ % „1 I, * !■■; t I *88 TRAVELS o///^^ Jesuits. and particularly Don Chrijlopher, whom at laR- we? faw coming forward, wounded in the Arm, as was oblerved above. I drefled his Wound, at the Queen's Defire, with fomc Bahn fhe gave me i and then taking the Veil from her Head, flie tore ir, and tied up the Wound with it. Don Chriftopher was inconfolable for our Lofs ; and particularly be- caufe the Enemy had got PofTeffion of the royal Standard, on which Occafion I did all that lay in my Power to comfort him. At laft we obliged Don Chriftopher to get on Horfc- back, and then let out upon our March, and came to a River, over which was a Draw-bridge. Here Don Chriftopher declared that he would go no far- ther. He then called for his Domeftics, who making a Bed for him, Ikid him upon it. He de- fired me to confefs him, and declared he would flay in that Place. I would have forced him from it, but he declaring that he would kill himfelf, if I op- pofed his Will any longer, I let him continue there ; leaving with him, at his own Requefl, his Valet- de-chambre, his Secretary, and three Portugueze Attendants. I could never find the Reafon of his taking this Refolution *. 'Twas with great Difficulty that I prevail'd with the Queen to go forward, fhe difcovering the ut- moft Reluflance at leaving Don Chriftopher^ but we heard the Enemy at our Heels. This was in the Night. At Day-Break we faw feveral Moors about the Place where Don Chriftopher had retired. After travelling fome Time, we at laft got out of the Enemy's reach. We had loft forty Portugueze^ and there remain'd about three hundred, over whom I appointed as General, Alphonft) Caldeyra^ a Native of Coimbray a Gentleman of great Prudence and Bravery. And * Methinks the Rcafm is plain enough.Wz:. his great Difcon- teot for the unexpected ill Succefs of the Portugueze, now i -A !' n!* TRAVELS of the]E^vns. 289 now two of the Gentlemen who had ftaid behind with Don Chriftopher came, and told us the follow- ing Particulars : That whilft they were hid in the Grove, a Woman, purfued by Moors, fled to it ; when all of them coming into it, the Moors afked who he was, and he told them : that afterwards car- rying him to Goronha, this latter advifcd him to turn Mohamedan, promifing him mighty Things, which Don Chriftopher refufing with Indignation, Goronha commanded fome of his People to ftrike him in the Face, and pull out the Hairs of his Beard. He afterwards forced Don Chriftopher to write to his Soldiers, to perfuade them to come over to the Moors ; but the latter made a private Mark, to fhew that what he then writ was extorted from him. To this Letter, the new General of the Portu- gueze^ Alphonft) Caldeyra^ fent a very fharp Anfwer, which yet did not exafperate Goronha againft Don Chrijiopher, Goronha afterwards employing Don Chriftophery who pretended to poffefs an excellent Secret for healing Wounds, to cure his Captain- general, the latter killed him, at which Goronha was fo much enraged, that he caufed Don Chriftopher to be beheaded. He fent his Head to the BalTa of Grand Cairo, and his Quarters to other Places. Goronha afterwards crofled the Kingdom of Dam- hea, and we received a Reinforcement of an hun- dred and fifty Horfe, and a thoufand Foot. Thefe were the Subjects of the Emperor Gradeus, or ClaU' dius, and had deferted from Goronha^s, Camp. We then ietired to the Mountain of thej^wj, the Cap- tain of which, with his whole Family, were ad- mitted to Baptifm. Don Alphonft) Caldeyra, our Ge- neral, marched afterwards with ninety Men, and made great Havock in fome Villages belonging to the Infidels. About two Months and a half after, we marched to other Mountains, whither Claudius came to us with fifty Horfemen, and many others U mount- if IP w ■|1K!»' u ?;itl m ';!•* ^i I ' iH it m i .1' iM ' '•' '■, (( cc 290 TRAVELS of /Z;^ Jesuits. mounted on Mules. All the Captains went out to meet the Emperor, when bringing him to my Tent, I gave him my Blefling, for which he feemed very thankful. His Tent was pitched in the Centre of our Camp. Some Days after, I aflembled the chief Officers, and defired that none might be fcandalized at the Difference in Ceremonies, between the Ethiopians and us j and that if we could but bring over the Emperor to acknowledge the Pope, as I "'ead of the Church, his Subjects would follow his Example. I then went to the Monarch's Tent, whei-e the Qiieen his Mother was at that Time, when I exhorted him to pay Obedience to the Roman Pontiff. The Em- peror, like a heedlefs Youth who does not know what he fays, replied thus, " You are neither my Fa- ther * nor my Patriarch. You are Patriarch of the Franks, and an yirian ; you worfhipping four " Gpds. Pll never call you Father more". I an- fwered, that he toJd a Lie ; that I was not an A- rian ; and did not worlhip four Gods : That as he refufed to obey the Pope, I looked upon him as ex- communicated and curfed ; and, for that Reafon, would never fpeak to him again. Saying this, I rofe, in order to go away, when he told me, that 'twas I who was excommunicated, and not he. I then went to the Portugueze, who ftood with- out the Tent, when telling them all that had pafs*d, I declared that he was an Heretic, and therefore commanded them to abandon him, which they all did accordingly. A little after, the Emperor fent the Portuguezi three thoufand Ounces of Gold, and other Prelcnts, defiring to be reconciled to them -, but they refufed to take it, unlefs he was reconciled to me. The Qieen afterwards came to my Tent, with an Arch- bilhop, whom I had confecraced, when falling upon * Bermudez wis his God-Father. • her TRAVELS of i/:e Je^vits. 29T her Knees, and conjuring me with Tears to be re- conciled to her Son, I at lali was prevailed with ; upon which, g^ing with her to the Monarch's Tent, he r^ceiv'd me with great Humanity ; when he, the Queen, and I, fitting on the Ground, I obliged him, after a long Conference, to fign and feal an Inllrument, declaring his Obedience to the Holy Sec, which was afterwards folemnly read aloud be- fore the wiiole People, Trumpets founding all the Time. Nut long after Alphonfo Caldeyra dying by a Fall from his Horfe, Arias Diz was eledted Ge- neral in his flead. Some Days after I received a MeflTage from the Munarch, who defired me to fend him Arias DiZy Otir General, with nil the Portugueze^ in order to go upon an Expedition which related to the Service of G-)d •, accordingly I fcnt them. As there remained with me about feventeen hundred and fifty Abyffi-. mans, I marched them to the Frontiers of the Moun- tain where Gorcnha was pofied. Going afterwards 01 the Mountain, they feized upon a neighbouring To7-n, in which they found only a few Provifions, wim fomc Mead that had been poifoned, of which two of our Soldiers drinking, died fuddenly. I then lent for Arias Diz and the Monarch, defir- ing them to march up immediately to me. Clau- dius was afraid at firfl ; but being reproached by Arias Diz, they all marched and joined us in a Day or two. And now all (thofe who were fatigued ex- cepted) advanced forward up the Mountain, in or- der to (eize, before the Enemy, upon a Poft of very great Importance. Being arrived at the Summit, we found a Monaftery dedicated to St. Paul, the Friars whereof receiv'd us in folemn Proceffion, af- ter which we pitched our Camp. The Soldiers went to Prayers, and befought Heaven to give us the Viftory ; and then great Numbers of People, from all the adjacent Provinces, came and joined U 2 «s, V ■{ i vfi r I 292 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. us. In the mean Time we could perceive, from our Mountain, Goronha*s Moors^ exercifing in the Plains behind us, and could hear them cry as foj. lows: *' Before four Days are ended, you fhall all *' be cut to Pieces. Vour King fhall be made an Eu- *' nuch, and appointed one of the Guards of the •* King of Zeila\ Seraglio ; and the Patriarch who " brought you hither fhall be impaled alive.'* The General of the Abyffinians going out to fkir- milh with the MoorSy advancing too forward, was taken by them and killed, after cutting off his privy Parts, as is the Cuftom of that People, at which the Monarch was furprizingly alBided ; and Advice being brought that Goronha was come, and had en- camped at the Foot of the Mountain, Claudius was fo gteatly terrified, that he rcfolved to fly. This News being brought me to the Monaftery, and the Bernagaiz (hewing me a large Body of arm- ed AbyJ/iniaus, who were in doubt which Party to join, I went to Claudius^and befoughthimto rely on the Mercy of God, who had redeemed us with his Blood, and would certainly give us the Vidlory. I then went and made a Speech to the Porlugueze^ befeeching them to truft in God, and behave as be- came their Name. We now defcended the Moun- tain, when Claudius and his Troops being furprized at ourRefolution, halted on an Eminence, and Goronha and his Forces advanced to meet us. Goronha be- ing mounted on a white Horie,and arm.ed Cap-a-pee, a Domeitick of Bon Chrijlopher^ to revenge the former Death of his Maftsr, came forward, and fhot him dead; which intimidaring his Troops greatly, we foon got the better of them ; and Claudius def- cending with his IVoops into the Plain, rhe Turb and Moors quitted the Field of Battle. We now met with very rich Plunder, Frovifions, Artillery and other Arms. Gorcvha^s Son was tuken Prifoner, and his Quejn fled into the Province of Dagua. Our TRAVELS of the ]^%v\Ti. 293 Our Soldiers marched a confiderable Way into the Proviiice oiDambea, whence they brought Commo- dities of great Value. Claudius gave Orders for building a mn.gnificcnc Monaftery, on the Spot where thio miraculous Victory had been obtained. An Abyjfinian would fain have ufurped the Glory of kilN ing Gorcnba, but the Contrary was proved to his Shame. We (laid two Months in this Place, during which Claudius fent Advice of it to the Qtieen his Mother, who was at a League Diftance from us, and after- wards came to our Camp. Some Diys after Claudius marched forth, in order to recover certain Provinces, of which the King of Zeila had difpofleflfed him, during which he left the Qiieen with me. Whilft the Army continued in this Place, the King of Adcn^ OT Adely fent a Mefllige to Claudius^ to tell him that he mud not fancy that the King of Aden was dead, he being his SuccefTor, and would foon be with him. The Army then marched to a great River, which they paflfed in the Night, within half a League of the Enemy's Camp. We then march- ed up, and killed a g«eat number of their Men, among whom was the King of Aden. Claudius was wounded, and in danger of lofing his Life. We loll fcveral Soldiers ; but the Infidels feeing their Monarch dead, fied, and being purfued by the Por- tu^uezena^ and Father Francis Alva- rez^ who returned to Portugal with the Ah^ljiman EnibafTidor, Tzaga-zr. abus^ for whom I vra, de- tained as an HoilafTc in Ethiolia. There I uhvavs met with the greatest Honours and Civilities, the Emperor appointing me Godfitlier to Clc:id:u'^ his SuccefTor^ Afr^r the Death of Ah^ina M^rk^ his Patriarch, the Emperor in queftiun appointc'd iiv; Patriarch over his whole Em[)ir?> defrang me ro go to pKe}ni\ to J>oy his and my ObedieiiCe :o the Km :;, ,! '. f i; 306 TRAVELS of tJjij Jesuits. Pope, and afterwards to PorlugaJ, I undertook tlu Journey by Land ; but travelling from Grand Cairo to Jerufalem^ was taken by the 'Turks^ who IkkI like to have killed me. Getting out of their Han«ls, I afterwards arrived in Rome^ under Pope Paul 111, who approved of nv, Eledion, and confirmed me Patriarch of Alexandria. Of this I received aii- thentick Inftruments at Rome^ all which were loll in the Battle when Don Chriftophr de Gama was ta- ken. As I have not n Opportunity of producing thofe Inflruments, my Enemies feoff at me *, but this I don't value, as I am confcious to myfelf that I laboured with the utmoft Zeal for the Advancement of the Faith in Ethiopia. So far Bermidcz. Mr. la Croze., who tranflated this entire Relation into French obferves, " that *' it naturally forms Part of the Hiftory of Ethia- " pia *, and is the more^authentick, as the Author *' refided above thirty Years in tha. yOuntry; and *'^ faw Places to vvhich the Jeluits, whom the Ahf *' finians always beheld witii a I'ufpicious Eye, were *' never allowed Accefs. *' This Expedition of Don Chriftopher de Gmm was very glorious to the Portugueze Nation, and Relations of it have been publifned by differenr " Authors. Father TtZ/rz, in the lecond Bock of *' the General Hiiiory of Fjhiopia^ has given one, " which ibmetimes differs from this. There is al- *' fo another, which feems more authentick than that of Father Pays^ who acknowledges that he wrote his from Hear-lay. This Account was writ hy Michael deCaftanhcfo^ 2i Portugueze Gentleman, and is mentioned by Father Guerreiro the Jefuir, which 1 have not been able to recover, though I wrote to Lijbon for that Furpofe. " Be this as it will, the Relation above of Ber^ wiidfz ^iA\s a more accurate Account, in manv 'X'hings, of Ahyjj'ma^ than lliat of the Portugu^zi " Jeiuiis, (C C( iC cc cc C( i( (( «( i( A/ho tranilated (( (( iC a a a a (( u i( TRAVELS of /be Jesuits. 307 Jefuits, who, everfince their being baniHicd from ir, have uletl their iitmoll Endeavours to leflen the Power and Extent of that Empire. 'Ttikz has prefixed, to his (jeneral Hiftory of Ethiopia^ a Print rcprefenting the Sovereign of that migh- ty Empire, in the Form of a mifcrablc Negro, and half naked, an evident Proof of the PalTion and Hatred of the Jefuits *, it being well known, that the Emperors of £/i?/(?p/:eme ; par Monfieur Maturin Veyfllere ia Croze, and en Vrofifftiir en Philofophiet y Bibliothecaire Iz j^f/iiiiuahe du Ro\ ci^i Piuffe. J la Haye, I739» i2mo. Astlii, learned Author was very converfant in tliis Subjed, and his Wcrl: has not yet appeared in Englijh, I imagined that a Verfion ot the moll niattii il Parts of it, would be an ufeful Embel!i(hmen' to the prcient Work. '1 hat of Mr. la Croxe is dedicated to the Prince Royal of PruJ/ja, (now King, in 17^2.) and divided into four Books : I. Containing the Hillory «nd Progrefs of AI0 nojihyfifHi, t!ie S.d which iuppofes only one Nature in Chn[} ) II. An Account of Ethiopia, by the Patriarch of Bermudez. III. Tiie Progrefs and Ruiti of the Portuguese Million in Ethk- pia. IV. 'I'he Progrefs and Ruin of the .Miffions in /^/w^/j/a. As the greatcll part >ji. the ill Uuok bears no Relation to the j'relcnt Work, J therefore omitted it. An Extraft of Book II. lias been given above. 'I'he IV. Book 1 elating to the Ay?neman jMiilion'!, 1 alfo left out ; and only tranflated the ID. Book, contern'ng tht Pr-jgrefs and Ruin of the Port-ugueze MiJJiom, which is given here. I Calkd a!fo Clnronla and Jh/red. He was not King, but Vifier to the King of jJdtl ex Deila, a Mohammedan, a-nd a great Jinemy to the A^A^/inian Emperor, whom the Portugueze Affificd; ami ttiubled him to dCiCat the King of Mel. IC TRAVELS of the Jf^^ittt^" 309 it a proper Opportunity for cftablifliing the Antao- rity of his newly-founded Order; and accordingly fet all his Engines at work, at LJhon and at /^c.-r", to fettle a Jckiit-Miffion in the K:n|)ire of Ethiopia, For this Purpofe he defired the Fo|)c's Lt^ave to go thither in Perfon ; but hisRcqued was denied, fr in the Suppofition that he might ^^^ more important Services in Europe to the Church of Rome^ than in lo far-diftant a Country. Nevcrthclefs, as he ftili continued fuing, Pope Julius III. confcnted to fend a Jefuit-Miflion into Ethiopia^ and luch an one as might dazzle the Public by the Splendor of irs Ti- tles. John Nunez Barreto was appointed Patriarch of Ethiopia^ and Melchior Carniero^ titular Bi(hop of Hierapolis. Thefe were Por'ugucze^ to whom was joined Andrew Oviedo, a Spaniard, nominated Bifhop of Ntcea. Thefe two Bifliopricks were of thole commonly called inpartihus L/JiJelium. Loyola, who condudled the whole MilTion, added ten more Jefuits to it, to reprefent by this Number, as heob- jferves in his Letter to the Abyjfinian Monarch, the ikred College of the twelve Apollles. Nunez Barreto, having been confccrated BiHiop at TJjhon, embarked for India, furnifhcd with Bulls •, a Recommendation from the King of Fortu^al\ and a Letter from Ignatius 'Loyola, direcled to the Em- peror of Ethiopia. This Letter, a rorlugticze Tranflation of which is given by T'elkz, and drawn lip in a confufed manner, was certainly not writ by Ignatius Loyola himfelf, who (to do him Juftice} had not the lead Tin6lure of Erudition. 'Twill be no Ml Hake, I believe, to alcribe it to Jehu Polanco^ as well as moil of the Latin Works faid to be writ by the Founder of the Jefuits. I Hiail not give the Particulars of Barreto's Yoy- age from L'Jbon to Goa. The Surprize was great to hear, that the Catholic A<7airs were not in ib ilou- rifhing a Condition in Ethiopia, as nad bcwii imagiuM X 3 .It !:! m Hi \ jffl ''■ ^^' in ^ i|ffi iiH 'I ij ■ Jl ■n '' I Ji: 310 TR A VELS of the Jn^u its. :ii Rome and LifJori \ and therefore it w.is no» imou;l^1i! ndvifcablc tu knd the Ritriiirch thither, *ti!l tlu-y ihould be quite certain of the Reception he might meet with. For this Rcafon it was thought proper to lend, into Ethiopia^ Gonzales RoJngues, a J^lliir, who was permitted to lee the Emperor; but ibunci, quite CL^ntrary to his Expedations, that there was not the leall 1 lopes with relpodl to the pretended Re-union. He wrote j he dil'puicd, even b< lore the Emperor, and againft him ; andconfefe, that the Abihties ol" this Monarch were fo great, and his Arguments fo fliong, that he {Gonzal's) was fomerimes put to a Nonplus. A Circum fiance which furprizc's me is, that the Emperoi'., Mother, who had fo long followed Don Cbrijlophcr de Gama's Camp, was, of all, the grca'elt Opponent to the Union of the Ethiopimi Church with that of Rome. We may naturally iiippofe, thar her Jon^ Abode with the Portugwze^ had given her a Contempt both for them and their Ri-Iigion. Thole who are defi- lous of enquiring minmely into nil thefe Particulars, may perule the 2d Book of Father Balthazar Tel- kz*s Hiftory of Ethiopia-, and the CJuirch-FJillory of that Country by Dr. Gcdcies, Chancellor of the Cathedral of Salipiiry. Gonzales Rodriguez^ finding all his Endeavours would be to no Purpole, returned to Goa^ whither he brought the Patriarch Bermudez, which probably was the chief Motive of his Voyage. 'Twas not likely that Barreto would be acknowledged lawful Patriarch of this mighty Empire, lb long as BeV' mudez fliould refide in \x. ; for whicli Reafon they took Advantage of the latter's Simplicity, by mak- ing him leave the Country, in order to make Way lor Barreto. Flence we may conclude, with Dr. Geddes^ that the Patriarch of the Jefuits was an U- furper, not to fay a Knave. Nunez 3'! TRAVELS o///v Jksuits. Nunez Barreio who, during this Interval, was Hiiiic to Goa^ not daring to go in IVrfon into Etbi" opin, h;id font thither Don /Indrcw Oviedo^ with five other Jcfuits, who arrived in that Empire, about the clofe of Manh 1557, and met with a I'plendid Reception from Ifaac the Bahar-Na^ays^ or Bnrna- ^aiz. I'his was the Prince who hvwing pohtical ivcafons to love and aflifl: the Portugucze^ had given Don Chrijhphcr de Gama Acccfs to Ethiopia. This 'i\i\. '' ^il lil 512 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. *' their Reformation, i^c.S\r^i\t^\ylndrc:o Binjopof ** Hierapo/::; and publifhed in our Church of i^^- *' como, the 2d of Fchuary 1559." Is it not furprizing 10 hear a foreign Prelate bel-ave fo haughtily, in a Country wherein he ought to have been content with being tolerated. But that is not enough for the Porlu^iuzc. Tiiey pretend that all Countries in the World, are immediately fubjedl both in Tcrjv;jrals and Spirituals to the Popj's Ju- rifdicliou. In the mean Time a bloody Revolution hapjxned in Ethiopm. The King of Adel^ a Mokammcdan Prince, invaded the Territories of Claudius^ v/ho marching againll him with an Army,was entirely de- feated and kill'd in the Field. The Poriugneze themfelves confels that he was a very graciou-slearn- ed, and polite Prince. Pie was fucceeded by one of his Brothers, Claudius not leaving any Pofterity, This Brother's Name was Minas^ who, upon his AccefTion, afTlimed that of Aiamas Segued, The Portugiieze Jjfuits declare him to have been a very wicked, cruel Man, and a mortal Enemy to the Church of Rome. The Portugueze were not happy under his Government, and the Monarch himfelf came to a very unfortunate End. On this Occafion ALnwl Fernandez writes as follows, in a Letter to James Laynes^ General of the Jefuits. Pljaven employed him as an Inlbument, to punilh the Wanton neis and riotous Excefles of the Porlu- * Mas como ncjjo 6\ iihor (a o que parecej qucrici com elle cafiigar as Lbcrdadcs i^ folluras de que jigwis Poi tiiouczes uzavam em Ethiopia, ojjtm tamben quiz, que elle nam paljf^jje [em O'-ouie. The Pur/i(^«fZ(? Jefuits, in their Account of the Hatred which the Emperor M'lnas or Adamas Segued bore them, afcribe ir v;hoily to his natu- « Telkz, prg. I -? ni! ,! I: TRAVELS of the Jesuits.' 313 ral Cruelty, aiid to the Education he received from the Turks, among whom he was Ibme Years in Captivity. They don't mention the principal Mo- tive of his Hatred •, but this I'll ihew from good Arguments, drawn from the Letters of the Jcfuits themfelves, and acknowledged by the Author of Portugueze Afta. The Jefuits who came into Ethiopia with Andrew Oviedo, were perpetually caballing with Ifaac the BernagaiZy feeding him up with the Hopes of very confiderablc Re-inforcemenrs of Portugueze Troops, which (they pretended) had been promifed them at their leaving Goa. Thisambid mis Prince cultivated with all poflible Earncftnefiijthe Fricndfliip of the Por- tugueze •, hoping by their Affiftance, to obtain the Sovereignty of the King,dom of Tigra *, the nobleft and molt ancient in all Ethiopia. Manuel FernandeZy Superior of the Miffion, wrote Letter upon Letter to Goa, to halfen the Re-inforcement in queftion, which, probably, the Porttigucfe never once thought offending. In the mean Time Minus marched out againft th.' Bernagaiz -, defeated that Prince, and obliged him to retire towards the Sea. The Berna- gaiz, finding the Portugueze Succours did not arrive, and being clofely purfued by the Emperor's Forces •, concluded an AlHance with the 'Turks, and put them in Poireliion of the only Sea- Ports in Ethiopia. The rebellious Abyjjinians, joining witli the Turks, de- feated the Emperor's Army, and took a great Number of Prifoners, among whom were Manuel Fernandez, and other Jefiiici, whom Minas liad kept in his Army as Hoftages. I'he Author of Portu- gueze Afia fpeaks as follows, on this Occafion j The wicked Acftion of thofe Pcri:igu:z:, v;!i6 joined the Turks and tiie Bernagaiz, made ihem fo odioLis to the Emperors, tliat they would (.<. i( » Tr •'a.A, T^re. I < ^mwm in Mli ElJ-V C( n4 :i «( <( 314 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. no longer hear of mixing Portiigiicze Soldier?, among their Troops." Minas feeing his Country riiin'd by the Turks^ engaged them once more in Battle, in which his Troops were entirely defeated, and he himfelf Jolt his Life. The Jcfuits were taken Prifoncrs by the Ttirh^ but the Bernagaiz caufed 'em to be immediately let at Liberty. The Death of Minas was enough to fatiate the Vengeance of the Jeluits, but then it did no jWay forward their Project. To Minas fuc- ceeded Malac Segued his Son, who,"during the whole Courfe of his Reign, did neither good nor harm to the Jefuit-Miflionaries. This Prince fway'd the Scepter Thirty Years, and was never at Peace -, he being perpetually at War, either with his own re- bellious Subjedls, or his Neighbours, and that with pretty good Succefs. In the mean Time Barreto the Patriarch dying at Goa^ about the clofe of the Year 1562, Andrew Oviedo his Coadjutor, purfuant to the Pope's Bull, declared himfelf Patriarch, and afllimed that Title ; which new Dignity, however, was of fmalJ Advan- tage to him. Having received but little AlFiftance from Goa^ he was almoft univerfally abandoned. No good can be done in thefe Miffions, in Cafe an armed Force is not ready to fupport the Preachers *. EJia * Mr. La Croze obfervcs, very apropos^ on this Sabjecl, /'^Ti;-. 396, i3 feq. of his Hijlaiye du Chrijlianifme d'Ethiopie, ScQ. Ti:at the Pains which the Jcfuits take, in their Miffions, may p ifilbly be more owing to political than religious Views. This (sdds he) I r all prove from the Ttflimony of an Author, of whom no Sulpicion can be entertaintd. Fcriiar.dc^CiucyriiroihQ ]c{u\\i, m h\s ^'ttmual llelalion of the Ji'J'Jpoui cf the So-icfy ofjifus^ for the Years 1602, and 1603 ; after relating, with wonderful St'If Compl/cency, the Fiftabliifh- ments of the Society ; and the Authority which he pretends it had acquired in all the Kingdoms of India^ not excepting Jop(in €i.nd. China, addi thcfc Words : *' Here follows another " Circumltancc TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 315 Efta fempre foy a pratica dos que tern experiencia de Etiiiopia, que femas armas na mam, que defendam £sf authorizcm a os Pregadores Catholicos nam poderam " Circumftance which muft not be omitted. The Jefuit-Miffi- '' onaries endeavour as zcalcuily to preferve and eftablifti the •♦ Terrfpoidl Ellate .- the Spiritual. They indeed don't employ " Fire or Sword, "h'. is no wife becoming their Profeflion ; '* thtir Condudt, in another Rci'peft, proves highly advantage- *' ous. As many Heathens as they convert to Chriil, io many ♦' Friends and Vaiials are won over to his Majelly. When •* Wars break out, they fight to defend the Scate ; and, as *• true Chriftlans, they join the Portuguese y and become good " Soldiers. The Milfionaries, in what Country foever they *' happen to be, keep them in the Obedience which they owe ** to their Kings and Governors." This plainly (Vews the political Views, by which thefe Mif- * fions are chiefly dircded ; and 'tis a common Expreflion in Spain^ Dies y el Reyi i. e. God and the King. The Heathens of Ja- fan faw plainly through all this; which accordingly gave Rife to the Perfecutions that broke out there in tl.e XVIlth Century. Cuerreiro writes thus, in the Work above cited. *' Not long " fince under the Reign of Tayco^ Caftain Saint Philip^ Com- ** mander of a Galleon, call away on the Coait of Japan, de- clared publickiy, that the Spaniards ufed to employ the fol- lowing Methods in order to conquer Foreign Countries. The Spaniardi before tiicir Arriv.il, deputed Friars, and other Ec- ciefiaftlcks, to eftablifh Chyiftianity among the People in *< queltion ; and afterwards fent Soldiers, who joining with " the new Converts, feized upon the Country. This made fo '« ftrong an Imprefiion on the Heafbenst that 'twas chiefly from *' this Confideration, that the Tyrant Tayco, put to Death all " the Fr and/cans then in Japan, as likev.'ife tiie Miilionariesof " our Society. That T> rant raifed a cruel Pcrfecutlon againil *' the Chriftian Religion, taking cur Churches from us, and " banifhing our MiHionarics." Thofe who pcruie what Kempfer has wrote concerning the lad Perfecution oF Japan, will hnd much the fame Thing. The Chinefe enteit lin the hke SaTpicicns, and thefe appear well* grounded. In a W'oid, 'tis certain that Policy has as great a Share, if not greater, in the Jefuit-AIifllons, as a Defire to ex- tend Chriit's Kinijiuom. The Confequence of this is, the Jcfuits were not only drove- out, but they alio have obliged Heathen Princes, to refufe all iwro/>ffl« Nations Accefe to their refpedii'e Dominions; as is plain from Ethiopia and Japan. This manifeiUy proves the ill Ccndud of the Jeiuits in their AiiiTions. nunqua t« 4 i ' m (I. I f I; iii |!| 316 TRAVELS of de Jesuits: -jmnqua ter fuccejjo defejado entre aquelki fchifma- licos *. I'he great Promifcs made by the Jefuits, began now to be very much fufpeded in Lisbon \ and whether it was that the Portugtieze ^2iwt, little Credit to, or were unable to afTifl; them, they refolved to fend for all the Porlugueze, whofe Number was then very confiderable in Ethiopia^ to Goa. Oviedo^ Patriarch of Ethiopia^ fince the Death of Barreto^ had fled, with Part of his Portugueze^ and the few jibyjfmians who joined hini, to Fremona^ a little Town not far from the Sea. 'Twas there he received a Brief from Pope Pius V. commanding him to leave Ethiopia.^ and exercifc his minifteriai Functions cither in China or Japan. This Briei had been fent at the Requeft of Don Sehajlian King of Portugal^ who was convinced that nothing fur- ther could be done ir\ Ethiopia. Oviedo receiving the ^rief, in 1567, aiifwered the Pop?, that he was not in a Condition to abandon this Country ; and to lofe, under his own F.ye, the mod glorious Enterprize in the World •\. Nevertheleis.^ Oviedo fubmits entirely to his Holinefs*^ Will, provided he can but be enabled to leave Ethiopia^ which yet he reprefents as impolTible, as it really appeared to be^ he dying, at Fremona^ in fo mifcralple a Condition, that he did not leave wherewithal to cover his Body. According to Guerreiro the Jefuit, Oviedo had pro- phefy'd that Fremona would always be an Afylum for the Porlugmze^ in which, however, it will foon appear that he was miilaken t- Oviedo*s Death was followed by that of the Jefuits his Companions j the laft of whom {Francis Lopez) died in 1597, ^^ which Time there were no more Jefuits in Ethiopia. * Telhxf pag. [84. As this is confefbM by a Jefuit, 'ti: ijmething extraordinary. •\ TtlhZf pctg. iq:;. ■f RcIaLom Anua^ hos Annos de 6o^ ^ 6c S. foL 42. 'vrh. Slsi.h TRAVELS of the ]es\] ITS. 317 Such was the Rcfult of the firfl: Million of the Jefuits in this Empire, after all the Efforts employ- ed by Loyola^ and the Monies expended by the Kings of PcrtugaL This Enterprize was therefore now looked up- on as given up, though there yet remained a great Number of Portuguese in the Ethiopian Dominions. Never theleft the Jefuits were dill endeavouring, in Spain and Portugal^ to kt this Miflion on Foot a- gain. Philip II. who had feized upon Portugal by Methods univerfally known, refolved to revive the Correfpondence formerly carried on between the Portugueze and Ahyjjinians. For this Purpofe he wrote Maiac Segued a Letter, and fent it by Lewis de Mendcza^ a Portugueze Gentleman, who accom- panied John Battifta^ an Italian Bifhop, which Pre- late died in the Journey. Mendoza himfelf deliver- ed the Letter into the Hands o'i Mahc Segued, from whom he brought an Anfwer for King Pkiiip. This Letter, writ in the Ethiopian Language, was copied in the Efcurial Library, by Mr, Sparwerfeld, a Swe- dijh Gentleman of great Learning and Eminence ; ;ind Ludolf has infcrted it in his Commentary on the Hiftory of Ethiopia, pag. 483. ^ feq^. Mention is likewife made of this MifTion of the Italian Biiliop, in the Hillory of the Expeditipn of Alexis de Me- iiczes. Book I. Chap. IV. pag. 23. ^elkz alfo fpeaks of Lewis de Alendoza ; b:;t takes no Notice of his Voyage to Ethiopia^ nor of the //r?/zV:;? Bifhop who died in the Journey j neverthelefs thcfe are Things which he could not be ignorant of •, but 'tis cuilomary with the Writers of the Society, to fup- prefs all luch Particulars, as don't tend to the Glo- ry of their Order *. * This fecms i:at too true an Ohfer/aficn of Mr. fy? C?vze, :xz all who a;e ccnvcrrant with the Writings oi' ilic JlIiucs mult acknowledge. Tht\n .A 'A f 3i8 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. There are other Circiimftances, in this Expedi- tion of Z^ze;/i <^^ AfQ^ a *' contrary Opinion i and did not doubt his being of the Blood- *' Royal of £///;/>/Vi. He died at Twenty-fix Years of Age, *'• in Rurl near Piiy'is^ where he was interred.*' La Cro-ze Hift. J% Chriftamhie a^thlopic, pag. 76, 77.Mr. La Croze gave the above Account, to prove that the Abyjjhilani are handfonieMen, and do not refctn!)'.: the Nt'^roei of /Africa, as fonnjaiU'rt. I lliall r Ai i <1 320 TRAVELS of the Jesuits; • ihall not mention the fevcml Steps taken by him to clbblilli the Romifi Religion in Ethiopic^ and win c^ver the Einpcror. lie prevailed with hiiT> to >yrite to Pope Clement VIII. and to promife the molt protounci Obedience. " That Prince is very libe- *' ral of Compliments to his Holincls, of whom *' (Hiys he) Father Pays has given us a particular *.' Account ; and declares, that the Zeal of your *' Holinefs is fo great, as to fhed your Blood for the *' Salvation of Men". He likewifc wrote to Vhilip II. King of Spain, His Letters arc cited, in Fortugucze^ by the Jcfuits Gutrreiro and TdUz. Ludolf thinks them fpurious, and I am of his 0])inion. However this be, the greateft part of Ethiopia took up Arms againll Z^- Danguil^ who marched againft the Rebels -, fought them, and loft his Lite. During the Tumults which broke out after Za-I)anguil*s Death, SufneUs endeavoured to pave his Way to the Throne^ for yrhich Purpofe he raifed an Army, and marched a- gainft Jacobs who had been reftored after Za-Dan^ gull's Death. Sufnetts gave Battle to Jacob's Troops, defeated him -, and had the Satisfadion to hear that he was flain in Battle. Thus Sufneus got Poflfeflioil of the whole Empire^ He affumed, at his Coro- nation, the Name of Seliam Segued^ and behaved with great Moderation after his Vidory. The In- Hant he was fettled on the Throne, he thought of the Jcfuits, and fent for them. We may luppofe that he had fome View to Religion on this Occafion •, but the moll probable Conjecture is, that he flat- tered himfelf that the Portugiieze would fend him fome Troops from Goa, to alTift him in thofe trou- bleibme Times. Father Pays defired the Emperor to write to the Pope and the King of Spain for Forces ; but the Affairs pf the Porlugncze were then in fo bad a Condi- TRAVELS c/'/yJ^ Jesuits. 32T Condition in India, that he could get nothing but mighty Promifcs, all which were of no cffiSt. During this Interval, a Report prevailed that the Emperor Jacob was ftill living, and had a confide- rable Party in the Kingdom of Tigra. Whether this was Jacob himfelf, or only an Impoftor who aflumed his Name, 'tis certain he gave great Un- eafinefs to Seltam Segued, who at laft crufh'd him, but with great Difficulty ; the unhappy Man in 0>»e- llion being at laft feized and beheaded by two Etlyio- />/V?« Gentlemen, who fent his Head to the Emperor. The Romijh Religion began now to be upon a better Foot than ever in Ethiopia, the Porttiguezi Jefuits triumphing in all Places. Philip II. and Pope Paul V. wrote Letters to Seltam Segued, who refolved to fend an Embafly to Rome and PortugaL The EmbafTador, whofe Name was Fekura Egzie^ went from Court with Anthony Fernandez a Jeluit. They fet out in March 1613-, and were to have travelled by Land to the Countries conquered by the Portugueze on the Coaft of * Melinda. They had not forefeen, (abftradled from the Length and Diffi- culty of the Journey) the Oppofitions they would neceflarily meet with from the Ahyjfmians them- felves, who were not plcafed with an Expedicion, the Tendency of which ieemed to be, to make them Slaves to the Portugueze, by facilitating their Accefs to the Ethiopian Empire. For this Realbn, the Ahyjfmians led them purpofely out of the Way ; fo that, after going a tedious and dangerous Jour- ney, they returned to Court without having done any Thing. One of the chief Promoters of this Journey was Ras Cella Chrijios, the Emperor's half-Brother, who feemed to have embraced very zealoufly the Romijh Religion, of which he was the chief Sup- * A Town of Ethiopia, on the Coaft of Zangudar, Y port. r I mm fi t ^ ■ i fl^^^B^nH ■i . 1 ; 322 T RAVELS 0/ the Jesuits. port, even after the Death of the Emperor /ii'a Brother. At this Time the Portngueze and Ahyffmians were pubhckly cngaj^al in very warm Difputes, the Re- Jult of wliich was, tlic Emjx.'ror pubhlhed a Fio- clamation, commanding that no Perfon fhoukl thenceforward prcfume to advance, that there was hut one Nature in Chrift •, the Monarch fen'-encinn^ to Death all fuch as lliould maintain the contrary. This Proclamation, and others which followed it, made the whole Kingdom rife, and particularly the Friars, who arc vaftly numerous, and have great Authority in Ethiopia. The Egyptian Abima^ a Man very far advanced in Years, joined them ; and fulniinated an Excommunication againft all Per- fons who fliould favour and fjpport the Union. In the mean Time, Father Pays did not forget his own Interefl: ; he building a Palace for the Empe- ror, and afTi fling in the Work, which t\\^Ethicpians greatly adniircd, they not having feen any fuch B-iildings among them for many Years. The Aby(fi' 7iians grew more and more un:afy. A Lord, named Julius^ Viceroy ot the Kingdom oiTigra^ and theEm- peror's Son-in-law, took up Arms, to rellore the Re- ligion of the Ahyffinlans^ which wasnow going to be extirpated. The Ahuna abovementioncd, whofe Name was Simon^ joined that Lord's Arniy, and exhorted the whole Empire to follow his Example. Julius marched out his Army againft the Empe- ror •, but advancing raflily into the midft of his Ene- jnies, lie was fbon killed. > Siviou, the ilUfited Patriarch, was placed on an Eminence, where he faw Julius's Defeat. However, he imagined himlelffecure, on Account of his Cha- ra^l'er j and indeed feveral Akjfinians pafled by the old Man, without once offering to hurt him ; but at Lid' a brave' Catholic, hum valente Caiholico^ i\ru>c;k iiim wilh a Lance, and felled him, half dead, to TR A VELS f///;6' Jesuits. 323 to the Ground. Some Soldiers coming up after- wards, compleated the Butchery, and curried his Head to the Emperor. At this Time arrived two Jcfuits in Ethiopia^ as Fore- runners of the Patriarch, whom the Emperor had defired to be fent thither, who was expcdied daily. And now the Abyffmian Monophy/ttcs * publidied a Piece, mentioned by Tellez^ againtl the Romanijls ; and printed in Ethiopian by Ludolf^ with a Latin Tranllation, page 494, of his Commentary. This Piece is very ill writ, and hath not common Senfe. Another Lord, Jonael by Name, Viceroy of Begamedra, took up Arms from the like Motives, and fortified himfelf on fteep and almoft inaccefli- ble Mountains. He had a Party at Court, Seltajrt Segued feized and put to death all thofe who were convidcd of engaging in Interefts which- oppofed the Ertablifhment of the Romijh Religion ; but the Evil had now taken fuch deep Root, that the Re- medies applied on this Occafion, ferved only to in- flame it. At the fiime Time another Infurrcftion broke ouc in the Province of the Damotes^ which was quelled by a mighty Victory Ras Cella Chriftos gained over rhcm. Jonaely who was forced to retire among the Gallas^ was killed in their Country by the Em- peror's Command. 'Twould carry me too far, fliould I fpeclfy the great Butchery made of thefe unhappy People, Some Men, who were famous Hermits, and renown- ed throughout the whole Empire for their Sandity, were malTacred on this Occalion, About this Time the Emperor entertained Ji very ftrong Sufpicion of Ras Cella Chrijios his Brother ; and made him fenfible of his Difpleafure, at a Sea- fon when the whole Empire was in a Flame. In * Monoplyfja, tliofe vho acknowledged but cne f^Jarure ? itnd MonoiheHtes, thoft" who allowed but on6 Will in Chr;!^ ^1 f Y 2 Pcrttt' ii 324 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. Portugaly Don Alphonfo Mendez hid been eleftctl Patriardi ot Ethiopia \ and iic arrived in chat Coun- try about the Middle ot" the Ycu; ojl^. Bci.ig come into the Emperor's Prefencc, i. agreed with him upon a Day on which the Monarch, r{\\{\ all his Court, (liould pay iblemn Homage to the Pope, at that Timet/rte VIII. This was performed the eleventh oF Februar\\ 1626. The Patriarch made a long Harangue, which the Emperor anfwered in tew Words •, and afterwards kneeling down, the latter took the following Oath on the Book of the Gofptis, '* We Saltern Segued, Emperor of Ethiopia, be- lieve and confefs, that St. Peter, Prince of the i^ polties, was ellabhflied by our Lord Jefus Chrill, as Head of all the Cbrijlian Church ; and that he " gave him the Sovereignty and Lordfliip of the World, when he laid to him. Thou art Peter, ajid on this Rock I have built my Church, &c. Moreover, We believe that the Pope of Rome, lawfully elected, is the true Succeflbr of St. Pe- ter ', and in/eded with the lame Power and Dig- nity over the whole Chriftian Church : And we *' promife and fwcar to our holy Father and Lord •' Urban VIII. and to his Succeffors, true Obedi- " ence ; laying at his Feet, our Perfon and our Em- *' pire. So help us (k)d and his holy Gofpels." The Emperor having taken the Oath, all the Princes, Viceroys, and Clergy, took the fame on tlieir Knees. 'I'he Solemnity being ended, Ras Cella Chrijlos made a long Harangue, concluding with the following Words ; " Well : What is done, *' is done *, and thofe who have not difchargcd their " Duty, fhall be judged by this Sword". He held it drawn, whilll he was I'peaking thefe Words. The whole Solemnity clofed with adminiftring iltC Oath to Prince Bnfilides, Heir and SuccefTor to iii^ Father. *' 'Twas now (thefe arc Telkz's Words) that (( t( (( (( (( (( (C Grand, to: 2, pag. 94. of his Works, 'viz. that their Monks ne- ver marry, is difptoved by the Teltimony of Tellez, who ob- ferves, pag. 483, col. i ♦* That their State {as Monk ) does not •* prevent their having Wives : O fer Monges nam Ihes tira Je " em Cafadost &c." They alfo may afpire to their chief Em- ployments of the Government. Some of them have command- td Armies, and fignalized themfelves by their Valour; of which we find a remarkable Inllance in the Relation of Francis Al- 'Varez. 'i'vvould be loft Labour to attempt to reconcile the Opinions of thele Chrijiians with ihofe of the iMtin Church. ; which yet 'iili . V. ii ■ I y: mm a* ' 1 dill :1| I'i ^'^ !>• I'M 1 326 TRAVELS of the ]£$vir si and toobferve the Cuftoms pradiled by that ChurcK, -with regard to Eajier-Sunday and Lent, The Court- Ladies is the chief Aim of the MiHionaries whom the Pope fen Principles o; their Religion. " With regard to Circumcifion, by what Right would tlie Romamjls oblige them to lay afide a Pradlice cHablilhed among them during feveral Ages, and probably even belore they were Chrijiinns P " The AbyJfmianSi being circumciftd, were called. One would theretore conclude, from the Autiiority of St. Vaul, Epljt. 1. to the Corinth, chap. vii. thit they have a Right to praetice Circumcifion. Thofe who defire to be faither in- formed of this Matter, ought to confult the philological Dif- fcrtations of Mr. Jamei Khenfordi printed at Utrecht in 1722. '• The reft of the EAhmpian Rites flow from the foregoing, which Ifhall not take upon me either to defend or refuse. Thofe who are defirous of a full Account of tiieni, may peruib the liiftory of Mr. Ludolfy who indeed hi^s committed fumt? *' liight (( <•' << <( (i I( <( re Repioaches c-ill upon them by Ahhe Renaudot, part of ** which I n fued in /' Europe Sa^ante"'. ' i is certain, that any Writer on thefe Subjeds, who does not firr^, fcm ing t!ie Eajlem ChriftianSf thofe Tenets which the Ro- tiianii'i ate moll tenacious of, is immediately confidered by them as a v.ifti ncll Man. On ti's Occaiion I flial! relate a Particular, which I had from very good H inds. When Dr. Poncet went into Ethiopia, the Court of France crdered him to enquire what was their Belief concerning tiie Sacraments of the Church. Now the Emperor Jd'am St'^kd, in tlit* Aniuer iiC wrote to the King of France, rt'ckons only hve Sactaments, whi'"!! he calls Myfteries, agreea- bly to the Scnfe o' that Word in Greek. Fiift, (fays he) is the Dcfcription of tl.e blc fkd Trinity ; Secondly, the Incar- ririon of tiie Son of God ; 'I'hiraiy, Captilm ; Fourthly, the Fucharjft ; Fifthly, the Refu.rrt: Du^cb Edit. 1728; and the Perfon wliotranflated the Letter into French^ dees not feem well skilled in the Ethiopian Language, TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 329 courfe to the Methods ufually employed by the i?o- tnan Pontiffs, for converting the Difobedient. The Reader mufl: not fuppofe here, that I falQy charge the Romanifts with a Condudl fo oppofite to the gentle Spirit of the Gofpel. 'Tis to no Purpofe to objedl to thefe Romanifts the Examples even in the Infancy of the Church : Tiiey did not want Will (fay thefe Romanifts) but they had not the Power. Here follow the Words of D^dlor Gonzales de II- lefcas^ in the firft Part, fag. 117, of his Pontifical and Catholic Hiftory : " If obftinate Heretics were *' not then burnt, the Reafon was, that befides " their being very powerful, the Pope was not fup- *' ported by the temporal Princes. But now that " the Faith is eftablifhed and received, and the fo- " vereign Pontiff has acquired great Power, Ju- *' ft ice requires that we in.'iicft the moft cruel Pu- ** nifhments on them, ^c ." In thus abridging the Words of the Spaniftj Dodor, I have very much leffened their Force and Spirit. Thofe who are poffefled of his Book, may confult the Pafifage a- bove cited. Thefe Cruelties produced the Effec5!:s which might naturally be expedled. Infurredions broke out on every Side ; and I'ecla Guergis, one of the greatcft Lords in Ethiopia, Viceroy of Tigra^ and doubly Son-in-law to the Emperor, two of wh> ie Diiugh- ters he had married fucceffively, deciareu i^gainft the Monarch. He levied Forces -, and, tc perfuade all the Abxffinians that he was in earn. ':, he caufcd ?, Chaplain, whom the Jcfuits had prefmted him, to be hanged in his Camp. This Infurrection proved fital to him, he being defeated by another AbyJJinian Lord, who feized him in a Cave, where he had hid himfelf after his Defeat. The Emperor ordered him to be hanged on a Tree -, and, to fbrilce the greater Terror, he caufed a Lady, Tecla\ Siller, fo be hanged like wife, upon Pi-etence of her having 3 been vim. 5 '1 i; fil MA ■•j \-- 'i • . ■I . 1 m ' J) i'i i; mi '330 TRAVELS ^/^^ Jesuits.' been an Accomplice in his Rebellion. Ail the Lords and Ladies of the Court were ftruck with Horror at this fad Speftacle ; the hanging of La- dies, and efpecially a Woman of fuch high Rank, being a Thing unheard of in Ethiopia. The Credit of Alphonfo Mendez, the Patriarch, encreafed daily. Being fupported by the Emperor, he arrogated to himf'^lf, contrary to the Laws and Cuftoms of Ethiopia, an Authority which the Abu- nas, his Predeceffors, had never pofTefled. Never- thclefs, Ras Cella Chrijlos was fufpedled the more, in Proportion as the Jefuits fucceeded in thei- Pro je6ls. *Twas whifpered both to the Emperor and to Prince Bafihdes the Heir-apparent, that Ras Cel- la Chrijlos intended to feize upon the Empire; and that this was the Reafon why he himfelf was lo llrongly attached to the Jefuits ; they having prc- mifed to procure him fome Portugueze Troops, by the Way of Angola. This made fo great an Impref- fion on the Monarch's Mind, that he difpoflfefled Ras Cella Chrijlos of the Viceroyalty of Goyame^ the richeft Province of the whole Empire ; and con- fiderably leflened his Revenues and Forces. The Agaus, or Peafants of the Kingdom of Begamedra, rofe likewife ; and fending for a young Man, fprung from the ancient Emperors, they offered him the Crown, provided he would fet himfcif at their Head. He accepted the Offer, and gave out that a De- fire of Sovereignty had not prompted him to draw the Sword, but the Hopes he entertained of rcfior- ing the Religion of his Anceftors, This Declara- tion brought over to him a Multitude of Friars, who having hid thcmielves before, now joined his Army with a great Number of Peafants. Meka Chrijlos^ for fo this young Prince was nanr- fd, got together a great Body of Forces -, and forti- lied himfeU" in deep Mountains, of almoll impradr- cablu TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 33T cable Acccfs, and with thofe Troop% which were ill difciplined, and aflembled in haftc, he defeated feveral Bodies detached from the Imperial Armies. ThtPorlugueze Patriarch, in fpite ofal! thefe Dif- afters, proceeded with his ulijal Vigour, he incroach- ing daily on the ancient ecclefiaftical Jurifdidion of the Empire, and even on that of the Monarch. A famous Friar, highly revered in the Country ; and who, for feveral Years, had been the IcbJJe, or Head of his Order, dying without making an Ab- juration, was buried at the Foot of the Altar of a Church, where the Patriarch had depofited the Re- mains of another Monk, who either was a Catho- lic^ or called himfclf fuch. Alphoyifo Mendez hear- ing this, ordered the Body to be dug up, and thrown in the Fields, which was done accordingly. This Adlion greatly exafperated tiie Aby[jin}anSy who declared, that the Porlugucze^ not fatisfied with making War againft the Living, extended their Hatred even to the Dead, whofe CurcafPjs they perfecuted. Another remark ible Incident was this. The Pa- triarch had feized a Woman whom he pretended to be a Witch ; but finding this AiTair produced an ill Effcdt, he caufed her to be fet at Liberty. How- ever, it made a great Noif;^ ; the Ahyjfinians i^ot be- lieving any Thing with regard ♦:'j Witches and In- chantments. They think, c>n the contrary, thit the afcnbing to the Devil the feveral wicked A61:s which the Portugueze declare him to be guilty of, is falling iiuo the Error of the Mf.nichees^ who ad- mitted two Principles, the one good nnd the other evil ; in which the Ethiopians dilcover more good Senle, than the Portugueze and Spaniards *. Probably the I r •■ill! :j .^.,f * Mr. In Croze f?iys, pag. 356. cf his Hlfl. d( Chrif}. ^ E- thi-ipie i *' I don'i fcruplc to call the KeJtcrJa/:! and i'.Joncl>h\ inferted the above Song (Book I II. Chap, 1 2. of his Con^.mentary) in the £//3/i?/>?V Language and Characlers. It had bf^en communicated to him by Abbot Gregory^ who Vvill be mentioned in the Se- quel. The Patriarch waited upon the Emperor, and re- prefented to him, that this Liberty of Confcience * 'I'is furpri/'.ing that '■ielle'i:. fhould infeit this Speech, as if piov.'S the Horrois which the Konirjh Religion hud bioiight into Ethioya. I Cf AlcxaKdrla . ^ot>y TRAVELS of the Jesuits. '^,35 would occafion Civil V/ars \ forhe declaring for the See of Rome^ and others for that of Alexandria, However, the Patriarch flicwcd very little Judg- ment in making fiich a Rcprelentation to the Em- peror, who yet returned no other Anfwer than this : What can I do ? I have no Kingdom that I can call niy own. Ras Cella Chriftos wrote a long Letter to the Em- peror, wherein he difcovered little Senfe, and at the lame Time the ftrongeft Prejudices fuggefted to him by the Jefuits. The Ethiopians began, even in the Life- time of Seltam Segued, to feize on the Jefuits Churches, which looked like fo many For- trefles rather than Chriftian Churches. Seltam Segued dkd in 1632, aged 61 Years, and in the 21ft of his Reign: Thrice happy for this Monarch, had the above-mentioned Fathers never fet their Foot in his Country. He was Ibcceedcd by Bafdides his Son, who, at the very beginning of his Reign, feized his Uncle Ras Cella Chrijtos 9 he not having forgot the Words which had been fpoke by him, when he took the Oath above-mentioned. 'Twill be fuppofed that the Patriarch-Jeluit did not efcape on this Occafion. The Emperor commanded him to deliver up to two Perfons whom he difpatched for that Purpofe, all the Fire-Arms in his PoirefTion -, and to retire inftanily to Fremona, in the Kingdom of Tigra. Mendez, who was greatly afflided at this Order, wrote a long Letter to the Emperor, which Tellez has given at large, in the P or tug ueze Tongue. He therein offers to foften many Particulars -, and pro- niifes to indulge the Ahffinians in all llic h, as iliould not be contrary to the Divine Law, the Commu- nion under both Kinds excepted ; liis Holiners ha- vino; rellrved to himfclf the rin;ht of dcrcrminin'?, on that Article, as he fiiall think proper. Jwi mm •'i ;■. 336 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 5d?//rt;» .9ank is no foonor arrived at the Frontiers, b.u he is vei / carefully fcarched from Head to Foot, to fee whether he lias no Arjis, or Merchandizes which may give Umbrage : However, this Search is neither long nor painful. Travellers are obliged to go al- moft Naked m this Country ; the richeil Dref, a Perfon is per- mitted to appear in, being a blue Linen .Shirt. I very much quef- tion whether a Traveller migiit wear a Cap, this b.-ing a Piivj. leee allowed to none but the AI. march, as likewife that of wear- ing Shoes and S:ockiiigs. ALove all the Ethiopians exa- mine whether the Stranger is c;r:uiTic fed ; a Precaution taken from the Hatred the Alyjinians bear naturally to the Citholic Religion. The reft arife from the fear they :ire under of admit- ting Spies into theii Country, left thefe after b-Commg acquaint- ed with the Situation of it, fliould bring in their Enemies and fo enHavc them. The Abyjpinlam who are Cophti^ are lb extremely cautious in this Particular, that they will not permit fuch Stran- gers as profefs their Religion, to leave Ethiopia^ when once they are come into it. Of this we had a Angular Initance in the lalt Archbilhop, whom they delired from the Patriarch of the Ccphts. They were not fatisfied, at firft, with their new Archbilhop, and thereupon wrote to the Patriarch for another. Accordingly a new one was fent ; however, before his Arrival in Ethiopiat they were reconciled with the firft, and yet would never permit the other to leave their Coun'r}', though the Patriarch earneftly follicited his Return. Hence it is manifeft, that it is exceedingly difficult to get Accefj to the Ethiopian Court; and 'twould not be eaiy to fuggeit what Z Pretences 'ii~ h m I ■ •' :■ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) &^ i /. <• % % 1.0 I.I Hf 1)4 1^ 112.0 11.25 i 1.4 1.6 o^ ^^'^•.'^ 'V V Photogr^hic Sciences Corporation 23 WSST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (71'M 872-4503 iV ^ ■^ o if 338 TRAVELS of the Jesuits: fuccin^l, and yet particular Account enough, in the German Language, of the Troubles wh^ch the Ar- rival of the Jel'uits occafioned in Ethiopia. This Work, printed at Hall in 1724, is prefixed to the Life of Peter Heylin^ of Lukck, who travelled into Ethiopia, with an Egyptian Abima^ fent thither af- ter the Refignation of Mendez the Patriarch. This Ileyling who was a learned Man, faw the Portugueze Patriarch Prctcncrs might be ufcd, or whnt Methods employed for this Pur- pofe. ' ris certain that in order to iiicceed on this Occafion, it wouKl he neccfiary that fiich Perfon or I'crfons underllood the Ethlcl'tiui L.inguage, and were of an Olive Complexion. About fifiy or threclcore Years ago, fonie Ethiopians who were come to GrafiJ Caiio, gave at ther Return trom thence, fo ad van age- ous a Chaiadlcr o." a Capuchin they faw there ; and wh>jm they applauded particularly tor his great Skill in Pliyfic, that the Emperor who had been long afflicted with Sicknels, fent to in- ibrm the Friar that he fhould be very welcome in his Dominions, The Father thereupon prepared to go tothe Monarch, \v!.cn Ibrae Fvancifcam who were come to Grand Cairo^ with the D.fign of travelling into jlbyjinia^ being perfuaded thai the offjr in quef- tion related to them alfo, let out for that Country, without waiting for the Capuchin. Thele Fathers were received witli all imaginable Civility upon the Frontiers. The Inlhnt Notice was fent of their Arrival, the Monarch difpatched Orders f<;r their being brought to Court ; but when they came before him, and he was told by the Oiiicer who had fo highly praifed the Capu- chin, that he was not among them, the Kmperor was fo much enraged, that he ordered them to be immediately put to Death. Thu^, by the imprudent Precipitation of thefe Fiiars, the £«- ropeans lolt a very favourable Opportuniiy of getting Accefi once more to the Ethiopian Court. The Situation of Saquemy and the fad Cataftrophe of thofe Fathers, fuggdled a Projtft which probably might have been fucceisful, had not the Face of Things been changed. The Ifland of Saquem lies on the Frontiers of Ethiopia^ in which Mafz.uff:a is included. This is the only Way by wiiich the Ethiopians have any Correfpondence with the Red-Sea- ' fis not above ten or twelve Days Journey fiom Condar, wliert the Negus ufually refides; and the Eallas kept there by the Oltonum LouiXt never faik'd formerly to fc;nd an Aga annually to the /llnjjiman Court, wl.ere tht-y were refpefled, more out of regard to the Grand S gnicr, than fiOm any Fears the Ethiopians might be under TRAVELS c/*//^^ Jesuits. 339 Patriarch at Saquem, and dirpiited with him ; and afterwards proceeded to Ethiopia^ where he was oreatly eftecined. Could he have returned to Eu- rope , we doubtlefs ihould have been favoured with a very valuable Relation of Abyjfmia \ but he was maflacred by the Turkifh Bafla of Saquem^ in his return Home. Doubtlefs the Emperor had no Hand in this Murther, he difcovcring the higheft under from tlie Governor of Sagucmy wlio refidcs there merely by their Courtely. Now *t\vas my Opinion thar, by the Favour of thefe Agas Meafures might have been concerted, with Re- gard to more important Miflions. And indeed, a BafTi, to whom Pcrlbns (hould be ilrongly recommended, miglit have had num- bcrlefs Opportunities of procuring Millionaries Accefs to the E- thiopian Court. 'Twould have been enough if they, at ibeir Arrival, were not taken for Franks ; the religious Copht^t who govern the AbyJJiman Court, having done their utmott to m ke that Name odiouj in it. The Miflionaries therefore might go ia a fecular Habit, as they do in England and fotne other MiiTicns. They might firrt ingratiate themfirlves, by pradlifing Piiyfic, or by Painting,of which the Ahyjfiniam are paflionately fond. '1 hus they would have gained Reputa ion at Court; have had a near View of Things ; and after winning the Favour and Efteem of the Monarch and the great Men, mig',«t have taken proper Op- portunity to fpeak to them concerning Religion, and fhevv th^m liieir Errors. However, when the Ethiopian Court, found that one of thefe Agas fent by the Governor of Saquem, endeavoured to fearch after fjme Gold Mines, which are very common in this Coun- try, the Monarch broke of all Correfpondcnce with the Baffa, and will not permit any of thefe Agas to enter his Dominions. But as this was the only Canal by which this Court was fur- nilhedwith fuchForeign Goods as they liad Occafion for ; the Em- peror, to compenfate for this, fends many of l>ii Subjei5\s into /v- dia, Perjtat Arabia and Egspt, I fiiall mention in my Me- moirs concerning Ethiopia, One of thefe Envoys of i\\Q Negus, Cill- ed Agi Aliy who came to Gfaj/d Cairo in 169S ; and of my lend- ing on that Occafion, Dr. Poficrft a French i'hydc-v.^, \moEfhir opia, and the Succefs of iiis Journey. See Dc/'ripdon dc /' E/ypie, compo/ee fur les Mftmircs de Mr. Dr Mailiet, a7ic':i'n Conful de France au Caire, par Mr. P Abbe de Mufcrirr, pag. 525. 6f /r./. Paris \Jl'^, 4to. Jt were heavaly ta be willicJ. that this Con- hVi Memoirs, with rcgud to EthioAa^ migh; b; pablilhcd. n Z 2 Ellecm ; 340 TRAVELS of the Jesuits! Edecm for lleyling -, and 'twas with great Rcludc- ancc that he permitted him to leave his Dominions. Bciftlides who, (as was obferved) in the Beginning of his Reign, afllimcd the Name of Sdtam Segued, was afterwards called Alan Segued. He wa:^ born in 1607, and began to reign in 16^'?.. Lttdolf in his Hiftory and Commentary, gives tlie Names of his fevcral Succeflbrs. The Europeans cannot have the leafl Correfpondence with Ethio- pa in this Age, the Realbn of which may be ken in Le Grand's Hiftorical Voyage to that Country, Tom. IL pag. 36 *. " It were to be wifhed (fays he) that the Patriarch, who doubtlefs pofTeflfed very fliining Qualities, had not undertaken fo much -, nor fo greatly enforced his Authority, by ailing in Ahyjfinia, as he would have done in a Country where the Inquifition was eftablifhed. *' He made all the Ethiopians his Enemies ; and drew llich an Odium upon the Catholics (the Jcfuits in particular) that the Hatred in which they were then held continues to this Day." The only Circumftance now remaining would be, to mention the learned Men who have flourifh'd among the AhyJJlniam if there were any •, but we don't know fo much as one. The Ahunas are very ignorant Egyptian Monks, who afpire to no other Fundlion than that of ordaining Priefts and Dea- cons. They never preach, nor write any Thing for the Inftrudion of the People. Ludolf, pag. 298, £sf ftq. of his Commentary, gives a Cata- logue of all the Ethiopian MSS. feen by him in va- rious Libraries. The learned Reader may confult them. I might here fpeak of Abbot Gregory^ fo famous for the Elogiums bellowed on him by Ludolf\ and C( C( «( cc C( cc C( cc * This is accounted for, in the above Note from DeMaillet't Delcription of Egypt* - the TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 341 the Reproaches cafl: on him by Renaudot^ k Grand^ and other mean, controvcrfial Writers. Mr. le Grand has been fo bold as to aflcrt, that neither Tellez nor Mendez make the lead mention of Abbot Gregory. I have Ihewn the contrary in one of my Defence^ of Mr. Ltidolf^ printeci in the loth Volume of /'£«rc/>^ Savante, pag. 265. See fellezy pag. 650. Such as defire to be acquainted with Abbot Gre- gory^ fhould read the Particulars inferted by Mr. Fabricius, in an incomparable Treatife, printed at Hamburgh, Anno 1731, and intituled, Salutaris lux Evangelii toti Orbiper divinam Gratiam exoriens, &c. In this Work, p^g. 716. 6f feq. are inferted the Anfwers of Abbot Gregory, as wrote by him in the Ethiopian Language, and afterwards tranflated into Laiin. I have had this MSS. in my Hands ; and the Edition of it, publifhed by Mr. FabriciuSy contains only the Latin Verfion •, but the Original, which I myfelf faw and perufed, is likewife writ in the Ethiopian Tongue, with all imaginable Purity and Elegance. This Piece, intituled Theologia Ethiopica, confijls of Twelve Chapcers, againll which no Objections can poffibly be brought. 'Tis not proper to omit what he fays concerning the Number of Sacraments, which he reduced chiefly to Three, viz. Baptifm, the Lord's Supper, and Confeflion. Myjteriorum (i. e. Sacramentorum) cer^ tus numerus non eft. Conftat tamen illos dicere. My- fterium Baptifmi, Myfterium S. Ccsna:, Myfterium Con- fejfionis. Alia Myfteria vel Sacrament a non fun t in ufu. This is for Renaudot, le Grand, and other fuch Mif. fionaries. Let them digeft it if they can *. rH': * The Reader may obferve, that two Authors have been of Service to me, in the Relations concerning the Ethiopian Affairs, added to Dr. ?oncct'^ Journey ; I mean Conful de Maillefs De- fa-iption of Egspt^ and particularly, Mr. La Crazes Hijlory of (h? Chrijiian Religion, &:c. :/; Ethiopia, I did not meet with Z ihcm 342 TRAVELS of the Jesuits.' them till after the Sheets, containing Dr. Ponced Journey into j^l'Jftniaj were ^^cn;i to Prefs, otherwife I Ihould have altered a few of the Notes, particularly that, pag. 236, and 337, relat- ing to the Nile, from Father Lobo *, and that pag^ 244, where 'tis ( bferved that the AhyJJmuu- acknowledge but two Sacra- ments, However, the Header will rhcrchy have feen the Opi- nions of various Aithors on thnfe Subjedls But as Truth ought to be the folc Objcd of cvcry Writer, 1 Iball take all Opporiu- nities of reftifying any Millakes I myfclf may commit in the Coiiri'e of this Work. Here follows what Mr. La CroZe fays, concerning the Ex- tent of Ethiopia, and the Souice of the River Nile. * The Si- • tuation of this uiJe-cx tended Empire, as it was when moll « powerful, is pretty well known ; but 'tis very much turiailed, • ever fincea barbarous Nation called the Gollas or Ga/les (chti}. • upon many of its Provinces, and dtftroyed a confiderable Part • of the oldell and tinell Churches. • This Empire, fuch as it is at this Day, extends from the • Red-Sen to the Kingdom of y^del^ whole Sovereign is a A/5- • hammedan^ and an Enemy to the AhyJJlniam . This we learn • from the Relations of tlie Jcfuits, who pretend to have difco- « vered in Ethiopia, the true Sources of the A7/e, unknown to < all the Ancients. ♦ In a Treatife intituled, A Jhort 'Relation of the River Nile; 9f its Scurce and Current ; of its o^verfio^ving the Campagnia cf Egypt, /////■/ rum into the Mediterranean, l^c. Tranflated at the def -c of tlie Royal Society, from a Portugueze MSS. by ^ix Peter Wyche^ png. 17 and 18, London printed 1673, i2mo, the Rcafon why the Antients did not d.fcover the Sources cf the Niie^ is accounted for thus, '^fhis Difcourfe is not impropeth end- ed^ by a Reflexion, ivhy Alexander the Gre/tt, and Julius Cxfar, ujing fo great Diligence to diJcovCr the Head of the Nile, mi/car- ried in the Enterprise : 7he Reafon tvas hecaufe they fent Difco- weren againft the Stream ; thus going by Landt the Length of the Journey, the many Kingdoms and Provinces to be travelled through ; the Sivarms of barbarous People to be encountered ; fa many unvcholefome Climates to be paffed, made their Advance iin- pojjible. Going by Water, the fame Difficulties increafed to attend them: The violent Current of the trpirc, « But It Irs. Journey into lave altered a '^ 33 7» felaN 244, where two Sacra- Teen the Opi- s Tru:h ought all Opp&rtu. pmmit in the ling the Ev* ' The Si. when moll uch turtailcd, Ga//ej feiztcl fiderable Part nds from the ign is a A/o- his we learn have difco- unknown to River Nile; Campagnia Tranflated 'ze MSS. by 1673, izmo, Jrces of the proper h end' ulius Cctfar, nie, Mi/car- fent Difco. \e Length of 'e tra^^elled '*ntered\ fi Uvance im- 'ed to attend (P'Re ; and t ivere fov Knoivledge d-Sea, the-j fo feaftble. ^ge of this >t'a, /jave TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 343 • But 'tis my Opinion, that no Srrcfs ought to be laid on their Accounts; and I alio think that Ludo//''^ Map, drawn Irom the Memoirs of the Portu^ueze Jcfuiis, may bo objected to on many Accounts. • The Rf.'ader may pcrufe what Mr. de M.ullct fays on this Subject, in his DHcription of £;v^/, and lie will plainly per- ceive, that the Sources of the A7/', which were a Myilery to the Ancients, arc the fame to us. • Farther, the Latitudes don't feem to be accurately laid down in this Map. Dr. Poiicet who travelled into Ethiopia, about the Ciolc of the lall Century, and the Beginning ot the pre- fent, tells us, that theToujn of Gcafim (Giefim) is ha// i:ny betiveen the City of Sennar, and the Confines of Ethiopia ; and in the Tenth Dt!gtee of North Latitude^ according to the Ohfer- nation made by Father Brcvcdcnt *. Now Father Bre-vedcnt was a learned Jeiuit, and a gocd Matiicma'ician, who accom- panied Dr. Poncet to the ConHnes o\' Ethiopia, where he di^d. ' According to Autfiony Femandiz another Jefuit, and a Por- tuguezey quoted by Nicholas Qudipio, Book 1. Chap. XI. par. 69. the two Poles arc fsen in the Kingdom of Dambea ; and the Antartic is the higheft, which nuthinks proves, t;.at the Latitudes are not accurately lixed in the Mip of Ludo/f wii>> blindly followed that of the Jefuits, ii)f rib, d in Father Tt/Iez's general Hiflory of Ethiopia, Book f. Chap. JV. • Here follows another Proof, which rpethinks deferves No- tice, though I don't quite rely upcn it. John Baptiji Homnn, Geographer to his Imperial Majelly, printed in Nuremberg, a general Map of all Africa^ in tne Aiargin of whicii lie iiileit- ed the following Words. ' Behevo^c Spe<^ator. • Ludolpbmn halenus incaute feciiti funt qui quddam novo fxRe- mate originem Nili recentioribus Tabulis fuis perperam i?tlh ue- runt. Nos authoritatern n}iri maxime Re-v.P. Hcnrici Schereri^ S. J . Geopaphi celeberrimi, qui ex 'veris P. P. M///ij>u-ir/orum Jwe Societatis Rclationibus tale nohis^ quale hic pofiiimus, Schema utriufque Nili, albi i^ atri fluminis, prttfruraiit, an^ple.-ti- mur ; cwiofoque Hiftorict^ Verit/itis Indagatores ad ipfura Au'hons olui Jur. i.bus pr^enobilis fviri foannis Cafpari Bencardi, Sec. Bihliopolfe Au^ujtani pr^eftantijjime edituni, remiidmus. • I enquired among my Friends for this ^hlas of Father Sche- rer, but could never meet with it ; and fome Perfons of 'Jcuius and Learning, aiTure me that 'lis not much erteemed. lie places the Scurcci of the Nile, and of the Niger, u great way • See Page 20^, of this Work. In the Note of which I my- felf had taken Notice, before ifaw Mr. Ltt Croz/s VVi.rk, eiti.er that Dr. Poncet, Qi" our Geograjlrjrs, were miilakcn on tnis Occafion. III 344 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. on the the other Side of the Equjnotflial, arid declares it to fall into the Lake V.aire. In order to eilablini (uch a Paradox^ * *twould H neceiTary to produce the Relations of thofc {efuit- * MilTionaricb, upon whole AfTertionr he grounds his Opinion ; * and we don't know of any fuch. However this be, 'twill form * a new D.fliculty, till fucli Time a;i this Muter fliall be cleared * up by nev Dilcoveries. Hijtoire du Chriftiunijme de I'Etl.b- 1 am iiumbly of Opinion, the Particulars here-under almoll put this Matter out of Diipute; and Iliew that all the Attempt-, to difcover the Sources of the Nile (from the Suppofiticn that ir, TJfes from one or two particular Spring') were, and will be, to no Purpoli;. Here follows what Conful Hood, two large RivuKts delcend, which falling into the Plain, unite in this Lake, whence afterwards ifluj-s that fa- mouj River, which is there very inccnfuii rab.'c. 'i'his war. even coifimitd to me by an Armenian Eifhop, who having; been conJudted to the Ethiopian Court, had obtained leave from the A'o\[finian Monarci^ to viht tiie Sources of the 'iSile.. Others fix the Souice of that River on a trembling Hillock, furrounded with Mountains ; and add, that the Aperture, whence it bubbles fortii with Noife, is eight or ten Fort Dia- meter. Finally the Pon'ir^uezc Jefi.its, Ipcak concerning the Source of the Kile in a different m inner from other Writers, and yet theit Accounts bear a great Afiiniiy to what they tell us; they fixing it on an Eminence overfpread with Verdure, whence iffue two mighty Springs, the Depths of which are not: known, and are called by them the Kycs of the Nile ; the Eyes : and Sources being denoted by the fame Word in Arabic. * Shall I give you (Sir) naturally, my Opinion with : fpcft to * thelc different Ways of account ng for the Origin of the Ni/ef* * I confefs that I believe 'em all equally imaginary ; and am per- * fuaded that the fole Defire of fixing a Thine; th it can never be * fixed; perhaps to embellifti a Relation with feme typog,aphi' * cal Delcription, gave Rile to thofe Cailles ; to thole verdant * Eminences, thofe tiembling Hillocks j to ti.t jb founding and * capacious Apertures abovementioned. A Circumllance gene- * rally known is, that about the Middle of the wide-extendtd » Country, comprehending Ethiopia ; from various Mountains, * rife a numberlefs Multitude of Springs, formed by the abun- * dant Rains t lat defcend in this Country ; and that this vaft * Collcdion of Rivulets falls into the Lake Dambca abovemen- * tioned : T'hat from this Lake iffues a River, which flowing * firll eaftward, afterwards bending towards the South, thence * to the Weil, and afterwards to the North, includes, in a com- * plete Circle, the Mountain?, from whence molt of its Waters ' defcend : That this River, afterwards waicrincr various Pro- * Dr. Poncet calls it Scnnar. vmccs ii! 346 TRAVELS of the Jksuits. yinccs of the Kingdom of Ethiopia^ incrcafcs perpetually fn as Progrefs towards the Kingdom of Senna* ; receiving in its Courfe, to the Right and Lcfr, a great number of other Riveis, no lefs cunliderable than illcif, which fall indfcades ; an.l are formed, in like Manner, from a num' crlels Multitude of Hi- vulcis and / 'crrcnts that pour from other Mountain;-, near which th ' firll River flows. Tiwit arriving a: laft at Sennar ; ;ind adv ncing towaids Gary and Dony /a, the two principal Citi. s (jt Niibiot Handing on that River, 'lis joined by oti.er conliderable Rivers flowing wtllward, particularly by a large River which the Inhabitants of the Country call Daharabiaii^ or the Ifhite S,a, from the Whitcnefs of the Waters, wljch doubtlcfs is owing to the Colour of the Earth dragged along by it. Hence we may naturally conclude, that the Ni/e docs not riie from a fmgle Spring; and that its Rife h not on the Other Side of the Equinodial. * [ cannot forbear mentioning, on this Occafion, the Parti- culars toid me by an Ethiopian T'urkt J^i Alt • by Name, Agent to the AlyJJtnian Monarch, in Egypt. Sitting one Day with him, on the Banks of the Nile, at the Foot of Old Cairo; and confidering, with Surprize, the then Shallownefs of its Waler^, ( ts Bed not being, in Winter, above a quarxr of « League wide there ) The £/){'io,/. Sec D f nation de * r Egypt e : CompoJ'ee fur les Memoires de M. de MaJicr, isc * pag. 38. ^ feq. Methinks what Conful de hhilUt tt-lls us h^ re * concerning the Origin of the K'th\ Items quite probable ; fo that * it may perhaps be to no Purpofe to feck for any other Laufe of it, than the exceflive Rains he (peaks of. 'I rivellers have obferved (as was hinted elfewherc) that in the Bt ginning of Summer, violent Rains always fall in Countries lituated be- tween the Tropics, whereby the Low lands are overflovsed ; .ind that all Rivtrs which rife or flow between the I ropits have this Effedl, they breaking their Bounds every Year ; over/lowing the Lands in their Piogrc;s to the Sea; and hav.ng be- hind them a pruiihc Mud like that of the AW, whiJi creates vail Fertility. A C;rcumftance which perlu dcd me fully, that Mr. de Mailleth right in his Conjedures, is a PalTtge whi'.h the Reader will meet with in the Sequel of thii Work, * exir.dtid from Father A/«>//«'s fecond Letter to Ftl.cr de Gil- lette, and is as follows. Thefe high Winds are the Forerunners ff the abmdavt Rains that fall on the lV,flern Coail of India, and on the Mountains of Malabar j and the^ i^ivi' Rife to the Coloran, (a 'very large River) nvhich fln\:S throughout the Kingdoms of W^X'Xawx, Madura, Tanjacur, aw^' Ciiorcn Man- dalani. Jht Indians expea thefc Rains as impatiently^ as the Egyptians did the Inundation ofthe^W^. The Ri^'er conti- nuing dry i the Inhabitatiti dreaded a general Famine, &c.* To it ii ■ • m im ] 1 n 1 1 1 ir 1 \ 1!. ; r : \ \ i i 348 TRAVELS of tk' ]esv its: To the Jesuits^* FRANCE. * Reverend FatherSy MA NT judicious Pcrfons aye of Opinion^ that I have not yet addrejjed any ColUtiion of Let^ /ers loycu, more tnflrutlivc and entertaining than the foHoii'ing. Tonsil there fee many of our Mijfionaries labouring, in China and in the Eafl: and Well Indies, with the utmojl Courage and Chearfulnefs, to which we hope Heaven will at lafl give Succefs \ and the learned will have the Satisfatlion of meeting with a great Number offingular Remarks on different Subjects, But as the Account given of CaVi^ornm f is the new- ejl and mofl curious Part of this Collc5lion •, in order that the Public might not be ignorant of what we have been able to learn iftthcrto, concerning a Country, of which no Hiflory that 1 know of, has yet been writ \ I thought proper to add a fuccin^ Relation of the At-. * Vol. V. of the Original begins here. •f- As this Relation of the Jefuits concerning California^ was known in Europe fo early as 170^, 'lis furprixing that Mr, 'No' bloty Author of the Geographie Unlvfrfellt, a Work in 6 Vol. \2Mto. dedicated to the late Regent of France (the Duke o( Or- leam) (hould not have met witli it, but ftill have been of O- pinion that California is an Ifland, and for that Purpofe quotes ^ 1 70 1. He therein obferves to the Prelate, that being informed, by the Letters of Count de Mon- tezuma his Predecefjor, of the Succefs which Heaven was pleafed to befiow on the Labours of 4he Jefuits, both in their Mijfwiis of the Provinces of Cinaloa,, of Sonpra, and New Bilcay, aid in thofe lately eflablijh- ed by them in the wide-extended Country of California, his Majefly de/ires that thofe MiJJions may be protected andincreafed, for the Glory of the Church, and the Salva- tion of MljIS Souls ', and, for this Purpofe, commands, that over afid above ivhat is given in his Name, to- wards the Miffions ^/Cinaloa, Sonora, and New Bif- r.iy ; /h proper Prr/o/is may iih\V!j? furnijb ivhatever is TRAVELS of the jE^u^ifs. 355 is neceffafy for the new Mifflon of Qlifornia. Hi fttrfhet requires, that an exaSi Staie of its prefect Con- difU^ be fsnt to him ; as liketoife of the fevetal Enfe^ dients ^hich might be employed, not only fdr fupporting a tVorkfo advmtageous to kotb Church and State y but for fireng(hni>tg and improv-'ng it ds much as foffibk. Bat farfher. His Mofejfy, ds a Proof howfti^ong* ty defir6U5 he hs^ &f the C6merfion of the People in qttefti(fn, ends his Letter td the Archinfhop of Mexico,- tnnianner following. "' i comni^d yoW to give tik " neceffary Orders, that fhe Succours I ifkfH'ioned ma^ *' be got feaefy with allptffible Diligence -, dndthat^the *« yeftiits May proceed iH- their Enle^pri:8e mth fhi^_ " fame Vigour as they began it. I likewife cornniand " you to^ thank, in my Name, all fitch pi^us Perfms " as have cmriffuted^ by their Alms, to thefirJH efta^^ " bliftmeWof thefeM£ims\ anid to tell them, thafl " am tioUeh*d- with the Zeal th^ difcoverfor we Pro^ "' pagation of the Gofpel, and the Service they hc^ "• dbneme oWtbisOccaJion. Urge theni, by my Exam- " pie, tb ccfntfHbUtefiill more to afForkj fa holy in its " Nature, and fr agreeable to Heaveif\ fFith thit" Letter his Majefty fent another to the royal Council of Guadalaxara, on which thefe Mifftons depend. But whilfi- fathers de Salvatierra and Picolo, were thus labouring about the Middle o/" California, whi- ther they^went by- Sea, Providence fo ordered it, that Father Kino, a German Jefuit, attempted to difcover amtv Way thither, northward, hy Landi This is the Father above-mentioned, who ehtkringi California in 1683, in order to preach the Gtf/pel there, ntas obliged to quit it, with the Spaniards, fome Time after. Being follicitous of making new-' Conquejis every Tear in the Kingdom of Chrift, he ad- vanced, in 1698, northward along the Sea, as far as the Mountain of Sandta Clara. There, obferving that the Sea ran from Eaft to JVeft ; inflead of following its Courfe farther, he entered the Country ; when tra- A a 2 '" veiling n, 356 TRAVELS of the ]T,svir^. veiling always from South- Ea/i to North-Weft ^ he dif covered^ in 1 699, the Banks of the Rio azul, or blue River, vjhich after receiving the Waters of the River Hila, runs and difcharges its own from Raft to Wefi^ into the great River Colorado, or of the North, He crofs^d the blue River ; and in 1 700, arriv'd near the River Colorado, when crofting it, he was greatly fur- prized, in 1 70 1, to find htmfelf in California; and to hear that, about thirty or forty Leagues from the Place where he then was, tbe Colorado, after form- ing a Bay of a pretty long Extent, empties itfelf into the Sea, on the Eafiern Side of California, which thereby appears to befeparated from America, only by this River *. The Progrefs of this Difcovery isfeen in a veryfen- ftble Manner, in the Map -f lately drawn by Father Kino, who is very well skilled in the Mathematicks, Father Bartholomew Alcazan, who teaches thofe Sci- ences in the Imperial College (it Madrid, was pleased to communicate it to us, together with that of the new Philippine Iftands ; another Difcovery of no lefs Im- portance than that in que/Hon^ and which I alfo will fend you, . I am, &c. Le Gob IE n. . * According to this Account, the Form of California fliould be. altered in MolPsy and other Maps, and not be drawn as an Ifland. 'Tis great Pity, that as the Jefuits have fo many Op- portunities of making Difcoveries, they ^fliould not always give us fuch Accounts, as may be depended upon. But *tis often their Intereft, I fuppofe, not to be faithful in Defcriptions. f This Map is inferted here. Father TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 357 Father Peter Martin, to Father Le GOBIEN. Camiettttahn-patty, in the Kingdom of Madura, I June, 1700. . Reverend Father^ 1 Embarked at Pondicheri^ about the End of Sep* tember^ 1 699, on board a French Man of War, commanded by Chevalier des Augers^ who headed a fmall Squadron, and very obligingly offerM to land mc on theCoaflof 'Travancor. Had the Wind been flivourable, we might have been able to double Cap:; Comorin in fifteen or twenty Days ; but it was fo contrary that we were obliged, during a Month, to combat with Storms. To add to our Misfortunes, our Ship's Company began to be indifpos'd again ; they not being perfeftly recovered of the Sicknefs with which they had been afflidted in Negrailles *, However, we loft but fix or feven Perfons, which was owing to the Care Mr. des Augers took of the Sick, who were furnifli'd with all Things neceflary. This Officer, who was diftinguiihed for his Piety no lefs than for his Valour, took equal Care both of Soul and Body ; fo that the Feaft of All-Saints hap- pening in our Voyage, he performed his Devotions; and gave me the Coniblation to fee almolt the whole Ship's Company, whether fick or well, join in them. In fine, after failing forty Days, we difcovered the Mountains of Cape Comorin^ which the firft Voyages undertaken by the Portugueze have render'd io fa- mous. I intended to land there, but a much ftronger Gale rifing in the Night, we found, next Morning, * Jtt IJlandj near the Coaji of Pegu. Aas that 1 il Ifi i I '■\ m 1! If'. I w 358 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. that we had gone upwards of fifteen Leagues above the Cape. Thp' the Co^ft was all woody, and we could not fee fo much as one Habitation, I defircd Chevalier des Augers to land me with two of our Fathers, (an Italian and a Portugueze) who alfo were going to Travancory to defire Leave to engage in the Mifljon of Madura. The Chevalier was fo good as to fend out the Pinnace mann'd, to defend us, if neceflary, againft the Pirates, who ufually infcll thefe Coafts. Being not much above three Leagues from Shore, we imaging it \v'pulc) be eafy for us to land j but found this the more di^cujt the nearer we drove to Shore. The Ocean broke round us with great Impetuofity, and we cog'd not fee any place where we might l^nd with Safety i fo that the Officer (the Chevalier's Nephew) whp commianded the Pinnace, wou'd h^ve carry'd us back to the Ship, |ud he not fpied, after co^fting feveral Leagues, a pretty thick Smoke in tl^ Woods ; and, a little after, a Fifherm^n fitting on a Catimaron, or fevcral thick Pieces of Wood faftened tggether in Form of z, Raft. 4s this Fiflierman fuffer'd himfelf i^nd his Nets to be carry'd at the Pleafufe of the Waves, we made dirc(5tly towards him i and tho* he did his utmoft to (hun us, imagining we were Pirates, we never- thelefs foon got fo near, that he was forced to con^e up to us. However, his Fears chang'd into extra- ordinary Emotions of Joy, when he perceiv'd, in our Pinnace, three Fathers like to thofe who fuper- intend the Chriftians on the Coaft of Malabar ; and faw me prefent him a Pair of Beads. H^ kifs'd them over and over, often making the Sign of the Crofs, whence we found this honed Man was a Chrifiian. He faid, that we mufl; caift Anchor at the very Place we were then at ; for that our Pin- nace would certainly be ftav'd to Pieces, in cafe we ventured nearer the Shore. He told us, that in the TRAVELS of t/je Jesuits. 3^9 Place where we faw Smoke, there was a little Town, mofl: of whofe Inhabitants were Chrijlians \ that he himfelf would go and inform them of our Arrival, and that they would gladly put out a Boat to fetch us. This they did foon after, we perceiving feve- ral Men come out of the Wood, and put to Sea in a Canoo, each Side of which was fupported by Rafts, to prevent its overturning. This Precaution was neccflliry, for othcrwife, we fhould never have dared to venture in fo crazy a Veflcl. T his Canoo was only the Bark of a l>ee, eight or ten Fc^ot long, and two Foot wide, fo that our Feet trembled as we were ftcpping into it. Once it turn'd on a iljdden •, but, happily, there were only fomc Cloaths in it, which indeed were IpoiTd. In fine, I can affirm, that tho' I have been expos'd to very great Perils in the Mediterranean^ the Black Sea, and that of India, I yet was never in greater Danger of lo- fing my Life than at this Time. As we drew near the Shore in the Canoo, one after another, the good People who were come to meet us, plunged into the Water ; when carrying off at once the Vel- fel, the Pilot, and the MifTionary, they convey*d us to the Strand upon their Shoulders. In this man- ner we landed at Travancor, Being all three on Shore, we fell on our Knees, and thanked the Almighty for having preferved us, and then kifs'd the Ground which had formerly been fandtified by St. Francis Xavier, Tho' 'twas but about Noon, yet the Sun had already fcorched the Sands on which we were forced to walk ; and thefu were fo vaftly hot, that they foon grew infupporta- ble. As we felt more and more Pain every Step we took, it at laft grew fo violent, that we were forc*d to take our Hats off, and put them, for fome Time, under our Feet, to prevent their being quite burnt. But this eafing of" our Feet, made it very painful to our Heads, as you will naturally imagine. A a 4 And \'ri 360 TRAVELS c///y JcsuiTs.. And now the Indian!^ our Guides, p?rcciving iIi:\l we were almoft fpent, rtruck into a Wood ; but here we met with notliing except Brambles and Bri- ars, which ftiick in our Feet, and tore our Leg^ The Italian Father, who was but lately recovered from a Fit of Sicknefs, fuffeiM mucii more than my Companion and I. To conclude, after crolTing the Wood, we came to a little Church, the Infide of which was very neat, tho* merely a Hut of Earth cover*d with Srraw. The only Ornament of the Altar was a little Image of the blelfcd Virgin. After offer- ing up our Prayers to Heaven, and taking a flight Repall of a f -w Herbs boil'd in Water, and fome Cocoa Nuis whicn the Chrijiimis gave us, we fet out again in the Evening; and after travelling about a Ixague, came to rhe Houle of Father Emanuel Lo^ez^ a p^'i% who ha-, the Dire6tion of Part of the Chr'Jtui.is of I'ravanccr. Tiiis Miffionary has bfcn cniplpyM 'ipwards of fifry Y<*Lirs in the Con- 'vrfi'-iii r^i riie Iniiabifants of Mdahnr \ and is the lafi Je.'Mit who '.vore, in Madura^ our European Ha- bit. Atcer flaying two D.iys with this charitable MifTionary, we continued our Journey along the Coaft, which appeared populous enough •, but among this great Number of People, few of them have turned Chriftians^ except thole belonging to the Cafte or Tribe of Fifiiermen. Tho' you have often heard the Word Cajle^ you perhaps do not know the full Import of it. Cafle implies an AlTemblage of feveral Families of the fame Rank or ProfefTion. I'his Di(lin6l:ion is found properly only in the Empire of Moguls in the Kingdom of Bengal^ in the Illand of Ceylon^ and in the great Peninliila of hmia oppofite to ir, of which wc are now fpeaking. There are four principal Cades, that of the Brnmins *, being the firlt * Accorch'ig to the Dam//.' MifilonMr'cs, thefe Bratnins form a feparate Tnut among the ?.'lauiLa. uin.'i as the Lci^ites an- tieiul/ TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 361 firlV and the nohlcfl: •, tliat of ihc Rnjas *, wlio boafl their being dciccnded from v.iriou j royal F.i- tivntly r.tnorg t!.c Jtnvs. Thclo Cratrrs m.irry »)i-,ly in their own Tiibi-, .'ind arc a {.neat Gurthcn to tlic Public, rhcy i-.t'l-g n!l nviintain'J by the I,iberaliiy of the Laity, who are lo blind ;js to bJicvc, tlt;u ti.cy arc (lvj...ciidc'J from the Ciod Viruma, .'ind therefore are very holy Men. They arc lb pr.vjd, r.iid art- fj| at ;hc' famo tiniv.-, .tj to • hnfh tl.i Ijnor. ncc of the IVopIc, by not hoklipj» any Com fpindence with the Vulgar, fjr Fear of deriliiia; tlicnilclvcs. Some of thcTe BramiHn wiJiJraw from the Society of M nkiml, tiiere bcinj; Anch(n('ts ainonjT them» who pafa their I,ives in Caves and ])e!':irls ; am! ycc thoy are a moil wicked Se:t of Mm ; t'lcy beli-vinp; that ail Tn:n^' , how abominable fever, are permirf^d to themfelvN. j iic IVonle ate yet lo blind, as to (ancy they ihall become holy by jiai tak- ing in tiieir Ciiines, «r bearing with any Outrajro from them. They are great Impollors, tliey inventing new Fable;; daily, and making tiiem pafs .imong the Vulgar, for io many iacomprc- hcniibl^ Mylleiics. One of their Artifices, is to p •rrii:Klc the Vulgar that tlieir Idols eat like Men ; and, in order tliat they may bj plentifully provided with good Cheer, they mal.e rheni of a gigantic Fi;5ure. pirlicul.irly with a hiige I'aun'^h. Jf the People fail in thefe Oft'-rings, with which the Uramifts laaintaiti their Families, they threaten them with the Anger of the G xis. 'I'he People believe that tiiere is Ibmething divine in a Cow ; fo that happy is the Man who can get himfelf iprinkled with the Alhcs of a Cow, burnt by a Bramin. The Man wiu). in Mm expiring Moments, lays hold of a Cow's Tail, and dies with it betwixt his Hand«, thinks himfelf as happy as any one who was to he buried in a Capuchin's Gown : Fur the Soul, wlien thus afTilled, quits the Body purified; and fometimes returns into the Body of u Cow, which is confidered as a nlii^hty Bielling, and never indulged but to great Spirits, who defpife Life, and die generouily, eicher by throwing themfelves from a Precipice, by leaping into a lighted Pile, or by flinging tliemfelvcs under the holy Chariot, to be trampled to death by the Idols, vvhilll they are carrying in Triumph about the Town : It being declared, tiiat the Souls of vvivked Men will, in their next Nativity, ani- r.iate the Bodies of Swine, Dogs, or fome fuch filthy Creatures. From this Belief of Tranlmigration, they religioufly ablbiia from the Flelh of all living Creatures, for fear they othcrwife might feed np^n a Body, inform'd vvith a Soul which bdorc iiad animated a Parent, or fome near Relation. Tiiey b >all of a divine Law fen*, them down from Heaven. Sie Tbuty-fo;r (Conferences between the I^anifti MiJJtotiaries, ScC. Tranllated by Mr. Philips. London, 1719, 'i'vo. * A Name given to cert.tin Indian Sovereigns. This Secl ij often call'd, in Engl'Jh, the Rajnputcs. mllics ; "■1 f,s i 1 i )■ '' I ■^\ 1 < ; \ III 1 ■ ■ ~- 'if' 362 TRAVELS ^//v Jesuits. milics J next the Caftcs of the Sbootres ♦, and laftiy that of the P arias. Each of thefe Cades is fulxli- vided into fcveral Branches, feme of which are no- bler than the reft. The Cartes of the Sbootres is the moft extenfive, and has the greateft Number of Branches ; for under the l^jLVC^toi Sbootres are com- prehended Painters, Writers, Taylors, Carpenters, Mafons, Weavers, ^c. Every Trade is confinM to its Cafte, and may not be cxercisM by any but thofe whofe Parents foUowM it •, and confeqiiently a Taylor's Son can't turn Fainter, nor a Painter's Son a Taylor f . However, there are certain Pro- fcflions common to all the Cartes, thole, for Inftancc, of the Trader or Soldier. Several Cartes, but not all, are allow'd to plough and cultivate the Ground. Tho* the Caftcs of the Parias is the only one confi- der'd as infamous, and whofe fcveral Individuals are fcarce allow*d to have any Concern in the Duties of focial Life ; nevcrthelcfs, there are certain Profcf- fions which debafe thofe who txercife them almort to the Rank of Parias. Thus a Shoemaker, and every Man who is any Ways coijccrn'd with Lea- ther •, and, in many Places, Filbcrmen, and Shep- herds, are confiderM as Parias, The P or tugueze notknow'mg^ at their firft fettling in this Country, the DilTerence between the higher and lower Caftes, did not fcruplc to treat indifferent- ly with them all *, to take Parias and Fifliermen in their Service, and to employ them indifcriminately as their Neccftities requir'd. This Behaviour of the firft Pottugueze difguiled the Indians^ and was high- ly prejudicial to our holy Religion \ they, from that Time, confidering the Europeans as a contemptible * Chouh'ea in French. f According to this Pcgulaticn, it woulti b3 impofTible for tne Arts which depend on the Geniib to fiouiifli among tt;it Peoprc. People ; TRAVELS cfthe Jesuits. 363 People i and fancying that the having the Icaft Dealings with them would be difhonourablc. Had the wile Precautions been ufcd, at firft, which have been employ*' for near thcTe hundred Years in Ma' duray the Portugueze might have procured thefe People to be their Friends, and, by that Means, Cbriftians ; whereas 'tis now fcarce pofTible for the Miflionarics (fxh, I mean, as ^?S%iQx Europeans) to make any Converts among thcmr Of all the apoftolical Men who preach'd the Gofpel in India^ none was fo fuccefsful as St. Francis Xavier. He preach'd in the great Peninfula of In- diay at a Time when the Portugueze were mofl: flouriihing there ; when the Power of their Arms gave a gnat Sanation to their Preaching *. Ncver- thclefs, he did not win over any confidcrable Cades to Chriftianity. He himfelf complains, .in his Let- ters, of the untradlablc Spirit, and Blindnefs of the Cades in queftion ; and obferves, that fuch Fa- thers as were employ'd in inftruding them, were al- moft difheartned from continuing, on Account of the few Converts they made. But thofc who are acquainted with the Character and Manners of this People, are not furpriz'd to hear of their pe.*"fifting in an Obftinacy which feems to be fo ill grounded. *Tis not enough that they think a ReSigion true in itfelf, they have a Regard to the Inftrument thro* which it is convey'd to them ; and cannot prevail with themfelves to receive any Thing from the Europeans \ they looking upon them as the moft infamous, the moft abominable Wretches upon Earth. Accordingly it has been obferved, that, a- mong the Indians^ only three Sorts of Perlons have embraced the Chrijlian Religion, when inculcated to them by European Miffionaries who were known to be Europeans. The firft are thofe who put them- ^ Very poff.bly, the only Succefs of their Preaching, wai owing to that of their Aims. felves , n I H I": Vf li , 364 1 RAVELS ^//&(f Jesuits. felves under the Protedlion of the Pcrtugueze, to fecure themfelves from the tyrannical Government of the Mohammedans, Such were the ParavaSy or the Inhabitants of the Fifliing-coaft, who, even be- fore St. Francis Xavier came into India^ call'd themfe'ves Chriftians^ tho' they were only fuch in Name. 'Twas wholly in the View of inftrufting them in the Chriftian Faith, that St. Francis tra- velled over this Southern Part of India. Secondly, thofe whom the Portugueze had fubdued along the Coafts, by Force of Arms, profeffed at firft out- wardly the Religion of their Conquerors. Thefe were the Inhabitants of Salfetto^ and of the Neigh- bourhood of Goa^ and of the other Places con- quered by the Portugueze^ on the Weftern Side of the great Peninfuia of India. The Portugueze forced thofe to abandon their Caftes, and to live after the Manner of the Europeans^ which exafperated them highly. In fine^ the third Sort of Indians who turn*d Chrijiians at the Time we are fpeaking of, were either the Dregs of the Peo^^lo or Slaves whom the Portttgucze purchas'd in the Country, or Perfons who had been turn'd out of their Caftes for their diflblute Behaviour. 'Twas chiefly on Account of the laft mentioned, who were received with as much Tendernels as any other, upon their turning Chri- JiianSy that the Indians conceived fo great a Hatred for the Europeans. This, joined to the Averfion which a People naturally entertain for thofe who forced them againft their Wills to fubmit to their Government ; and poflibly the Remembrance of certain military Expeditions, which perhaps were carried on a little too cruelly *, have made fo ftrong an Impreflion upon them, as Time may never be able to crafe. Some may perhaps imagine, that it * The Jefuit might have faid with a great deal of Cruelty. However, he is uncommonly lioneft in acknowledging what he (icee. is -^__^ ■- — TRAVELS o/'/Z'^ Jesuits. 365 is owing to the fcarcity of Labourers, or want of Zvial in them, that the Heathen Indians of the in- land Countries, are not yet become Converts ; but they will prefently be undeceived, if they only re- fleft a little on what follows. There are, in the City of Goa^ very near as ma- ny Priefts and Friars, as of European Laity. The Ceremonies of our Religion are obferved in it with as much Splendor, as in the mod famous Cathe- drals in Europe, Neverthelefs, tho' there arc com- puted to be upwards of forty or fifty thoufand Ido- laters in this great City, fcarce an hundred are bap- tized annually -, and moft of thefe are Orphans, whom the Viceroy forces away from their Rela- tions. Nor can it be afcribed to the want of La- bourers, or of Knowledge in the Heathens, Seve- ral of them hearken to the Truth, feel, and ac- knowledge its Power -, but then they would think it infamous to fubmit to the divine Light, fo long as it fhall be adminiftred to them by vile Inftm- ments, who, in their Opinion, are defiled with a thoufand mean, ridiculous, and abominable Cu- Itoms. For this Reafon ; the only Expedient found to bring them over to Chriftianity is, for thofe who inculcate it to them, to quit their own Habit and Manners, and to conform to thofe of the In- dians. 'Twill be impofTible to make any Converts along the Coafts, where the Europeans are fettled ; and the only proper Places for luch Converfions, are the inland CountrieSj where the Chriftian Name was never heard of. In crofling the Kingdom of Travancor^ where L^olatry has taken fuch deep Root, it v^as the utmoll Confolation to me, to fee Crofles fet up all a'ong the Shore, and a great number of Chriitian Churches. I afterwards arriv'd at TopOy call'd the College of Travancor, the ufual Refi- dence of Father Andrew Gomez, Principal of the Province of Malabar. This 1 1 'i'^'ll ■ - ' H i ; 1 i i '•. i- % |;i:i| 1 19 liiji i if?|l 1 111 ^:'J'^''!!' . i i ■ '■ ■ ■ r i 'li n .}• ■■■■ t i m\ i .hk Wm ^'lia lii II |i| ii '-'^1' wliRVw ' ii-i ill *']' ii ifi ^ ■ ' wM m ;j W\ . ■ 1 ii t ■ ■ '■ ■ 4 1 ft II ^r- ■■ i ttifir :i m- Ii ^ ^hf'I Rra iij. B'fll \0 H lyijl ra 1 1 ffi ' 1 m 1 I IB \mM ■j 366 TRAVELS ^/& Jesuits. This College (lands in one of the raoft imcanfide- rable Towns of this Coalt ; is built with Eairthy and only covcr'd with the Leaves of the wild Pstlm Tree. The Church, dedicated to the blefl&d Vir- gin, is as plain as the Houfe ^ and the Life whichi the Fathers lead, exadly> fuitable: tO) trhe- Poventy of both. I was wonderfiilly edified to Ccc Men, ft> venerable for their Age and Labours, inhabit fiich» wretched Huts 5 and unprovided, im a* great maa^- fure, with the feveral Necefluries of Life. The Glory of God, which is their only Objefii, keeps up a perfbiSt Hiirmony and Tranquillity) among them, tho* otherwife they are exposed to. the In^ fuJLs of the HeaihenSy who are the Nadvesof tiiat Coun;ry, as wdl as to the: Attacks of the Pirates^ who infelb thofe Seas;; and have, more than. once,, demolilh'd; their Hovels,, and] forced away^ the few Goods they found; in them. As foon as the Provincial had; granted' my Re^ queft, viz. of. my engaging in theMiflion oi^Mai- dsira^ I applied myfelf afliduoufly ta the Study, of the T'^^wtt/,. or AZ-ss/rtto Language, that I might foon be enabled; to enter upon my-Miffi'on. The Fathers- oi that Province: having, wifely ordered, that no Perfon, except he ba, well, skill'd; in the Language of the Country, (hall be permitted to teach- the' Chriftian. Religion in Madrnm Was not this Pre* caution, obfcrved, we fhould> foon be difcovered,. and all our Defigns fruftrated. Iliad not an Op* portunity, . in Topo^ of improving in the Language as expeditioufly as I defir'd •, and 'tis not fpokc with Propriety enough on the Sea Coads, thefe be^ ing inhabited only byrude, ignorant People. For" this Reafon, the Provincial was pleafed to fend me to Cotate^ where I might have more Leifurc, and- a better Opportunity of learning the Language. A Circumftance that gave me the greatelt Pleafure was, my meeting there with Father MaynarJ^ who has - I the TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 367 the Care of that Church. Being born in that Coun- try, of French Parents, he is perfedly well fkill*d in both Languages. Cotate is a pretty large Town, (landing at the Foot of the Mountains of Cape Comorin^ whence it is diftant only about four Leagues. This Town, which is the Boundary of the Kingdom of Travan- cor fouthward, is as, much expos'd, as the reft of the Country, to the Incurfions of the BadageSy who, come a! moll every Year from the Kingdom of Madura^ to plunder the Territories of the King of ^ravancory who is one of the moft inconfiderable Princes in hdia^ and tributary to the King of Ma- dura. But as he never pays this Tribute willingly, the Badages are fometimes forc'd to enter his King- dom, Sword in Hand, in order to levy it. He yet might eafily fecure himfelf from Infults, and even render his Kingdom inacceflible on that Side, as the Badages can fcarce come into it, except by a narrow Pafs between Mountains *. Was this Pafs lliut * Many of thefe petty Sovereigns, or Rajas^ in Indian about Malabar and Cormandel^ efpecially fuch of them as inhabit the iMouiitains and inacceflible parts of thefe Countries, muintaiu their Liberty, and never fubmitted to the Mogul's Yoke, who otherwife had fubjeded all the plain Country, from the Capital of iiis Dominion?, as far as Cape Comorin j the Mogul having, about a Century fince, conquered the Kingdoms of Golconda and Biffiagar. The Nations who inhabit Travancor^ Madura^ and the Moiintains of Baligatet &c. aie the original Inhabitants of the Ccuntry ; they being drove to the Hills by the Invafions of tl;e E^\/:tuinst Mo-^rj and Jral/iavs. In the Mountains of Ba/i- gate live rjiolt cf the Rajas^ who never fubrnitted to the Mogul ; and tho' ronfulei'd by Travellers as Earbariatu, they yet ought not to pafs for fuch, fince the Bravery they exert from time to time, is only in Defence oi their Liberties, againft the Moguls. Thefe Mogul; having been o.rove out of ^[artary about 300 Years ago, over-run all the Continent cf India^ from Tartary quite to Lape Comorin ; driving thence all the Moors and Arabs, as thefe had before drove out the Indliin;^ the original Inhabitants. Ne- verthelefs. the Mopds have not y.t been able, as wasobferved a- bovt, to conquer many cf the Rajm wiio inhabit the Mountains : fp •As. S 11 iii'li ;i :ui ; a * 'Tis rcl.ifed as follows by the Father, Author of this Voy- age. ' Vive humlrcd or a thoufand of thele People often join * togetbtr and make afore of Lottery. Every Pen'bn puts, * monthly, into a Purfe a Fa>ic»^ worth about P'ivc-perce French * Money. When the Sum lixed upon is raif^jd, tlie fevcial Con- * tributors alTemb'.e on the Day and at t'ne Place appointed. Evc- * ry Perfon fets down his Name in a ftparate*Bit of Paper, af- * tcv which all the Nam-s are thrown inro an Urn. They * then are Ih .ken a long Time, nfctr which a' Child puts his ' Hand into the Urn, when tl e Perfon whole Paper is firil drawn JB b 3 receives 372 TRAVELS of tlje Jesuits.* having promifed to return to Cotate at Cbriftmas^ in order to apply myfelf affiduoiifly to the Study of the Malabar Language. I made a great Progrcls therein, in a fhort Time, by the AfTiftance of Fa- tlicr Maynard, who took furprifing Pains with me. I receives all the Money. By ihia Play (a very innocent One ♦) a Perfon who was vtry poor before, may be railed to good Circuniftances in an Inllant. An Idolater having put into two of thefe Lotteries, was earncftly defirous of getting the Prize in both ; and, for tl.is Purpofe, came one Day to the Church of Cotate, promifing to give Five Fanons to it, provided the Saint would be propitious to him with legard to the full Lot- tery. Flufh'd with the hopes of Succcfs, he came to the I'lace where the Parties concerned were aflembled ; and there de- clared, aloud, the Vow he had made the preceding Day to St. Francis. People laugh'd at him for his idle Hopes, but were greatly furpriz'd when they faw his Paper was the firft which came out of the Urn. He took the Money, and went immediately to the Church; thankM his Eenefa6\or, and paid the Debt contrafted by him. He then added, that if he could be fo fortunate as to get the other Prize by his Interceffion, he would gladly offer up the fame Sum he had given juft before. His Confidence was ib great, that coming a ftcond Time into the Place where the People were aflembled, he told his Com- panions with a Smile, iha: it would be to no Purpofe fcr them * Thefe are the Father s Words ; But in my humlle Opinion it may be conftdered in a quite different Light, as tt createi in People a iove for Gaming. The like Obfer^vation I Made at Paris, ivhere there ts a monthly Lotter)'t {permitted by the Go'vernment) earned en by the Cure or Reilor of the Church of St. Su'pice, ivhich is the richeji LrJory in Paris. The prefent ReSIor [in ij\\)kas a Jirong Paffioiiy for cnlargina and Cfnbellijhing his Parijh Church, nvhlchy ivhen finijhed, ijcill have all the Magnificence of a Ca- thrd'a/. his ii'ay of raifing Money is by a monthly Lottery \ a'ld as each Ticket is pirchufid for a fmall Price, Sern)etnts, Shoe- Cleaners, and the lov:c[i of the Populace are enabled to put into it. /li there are one or tivo I'ery great Prizes^ thcfs are fometivies ivon l>\ Perfons in lai'j Life, iihich fets all the rejl agog ; fo that f)»ie Sert'nnt-Maids fell their t-ery Petticoats to put into the J.utteiyi and, p>'ooably this may prompt too many of them to >ob their Mctflers and Mifreffes. < ■ ■■ In other Refpecis the Rer.iO)- m riutfliijn benri ein excellent CharaSier, and is famous for hii C>:ci- r:tii but itii-ch this Lottery of his is of a pemiiious Tendcrr,. TRAVELS of tbe Jesuits. 373 I now fct out, by order of the Provincial, for fala^ on the Fifiiing-Coaft. In my Journey, I ob- fcrved two Things which had efcaped me, when I doubled Cape Comontty by Sea. The fir ft is, a Church built in Honour of the Blcfled Virgin, on the Southern Point of this Cape ; and below this Point a Rock, which projeds into the a, and to entertain the leafl: hopes of winning, becaafe the grent Fa- ther of the Chrijiianst who had favoured him in the fir(l Lt- tery, wculd be equally indulgent to him in the fcconj. Mrar- ing thefe Words, fome dreaded the Saint's Power, oihcij laughed at it ; and feveral laid Wagers with him that he would niifs his Aim ; however he was (o fmgjine, that he llaked the whole Sum he had gained by the former Prize. Im- mediately the Papers were writ : were put into the Urn, and this being ftiaken, the Child thruft in his Hind, when, to the great Altonilhment of the Spcd^ators, his Paper came firft out; whiph exafperated the Parties concerned to f.c'i a Degree. that they would not permit him to contribute any more with them. However, this did not give him any Uneafmefs, he having al- ready gained a canfiderable Sum ; but he did not fail to come to the Church, and there faithfully discharge the V^ow made by him, and he even beftowed more than he had promifed. You'll naturally imagine that he was exhorted to turn Chrif- tian\ and to acknowledge the God, by whofe Power the great Father * had aHilted him in fo miraculous and liberal a Alan- ner; but he made us no Reply, nor was he converted. It muil hz confefTed, that the Blindnefs of thcG Idolaters is very furpriGng.' I thought proper to infert this JVIiracle, as our je- fuit is plcal'ed to term it, as being of a very fingular kind. Me- ihinks this Father forgot himfelf, when he ventured to lee i'ucli a Relation be printed in France^ whence it might fpread all over Europe, So filly a Story might indeed b.* palm'd to good Pu,- pofe, upon a Parcel of ignorant Heathens ; but to imagine that any European oi Senfe and Education would give the leail Cre- dit to it, mull be as abfurd as the Incident iti'elf. A nuiltitude cf R flexions might be made on this Occafion ; but I fliall only obferve, that it perhaps is Blafphemy in the Father, when he tells U", of the Idolaters ht'ingeyJaoxtz^ to turn Chrifliauy mid to aQknoivlcdge the God by ivhofe Poiver, &c. Does this agree -r-jith t' ? Simplicity of the Precepts laid do-wn in the Go/pel? What (hould be grea^, thefe turn'd to Farce. Prior,' * St, Francis Xm'ier. Bb 3 Torim iJ \i i 1 I"; 1 I J ■iSIL, iv FLS of the Jfsuits. forms a kin'J of Ifliincl there. *T\\'\'> on tliis Rod: that the Chrijliivis oF the Fifhing-Coaft formcMly withdrew, to avoitl the clofc Piirfuit of the Moors. There they pjified fcvenil Months during which they fiibfilU'd wholly on the Shell-Fifli, and other kin.! of Fifh they took at the Foot of tliis Rock. A Crofs has been fince fet up there, and is feen at a great Diflance. The Iccond Thing I obferved is a valt Stone Pagod, a little higher up the Land than the Church of the Virgin, but landing on the fame Point. As the Pagod Ihnds North and S;;utli, and directly oppofite to the Mountains, which ftpa- ratc the Kingdoms of Travrntcor and Madura \ if \ Line were drawn through this Pagod, and thofc Mountains * which are but a Ixague and half from it, there would be an exadl: Divifion between thefc two Kingdoms ; that of ^ravancor extending along tliC V^'ellcrn Coaft, and the other of Madura along the Eaftern, but much higiier up the Country, Northward. The Filhing-Coaft, fo flunous for the Pearls found upon it, begins dire^flly at Cape Comorin^ to the Point called Ramanakoicl f , where the Ifland of Ct^ylon is joined almoft to the Main-land, by a Chain of Rocks called, by )bme Jdam's Bridge. The HeatUus relate, that this Hiidge was built anciently by Apes. They huicy that thefe Animals, being more brave and indullrious than thofe of the prc- fent Age, built a Pafllige for thcmlelves from the Continent to the Illand of Ceylon : That they then feized upon it, and delivered tiie Wife of one of their • Thefe fcem to to be the Mountains of Gate or T!/fW^^nfe. I don't find Tra-van-oy in c U'" Mars. According; to our Father's • 1-1 ■ R' a ion, thj Kingdom ot ^La'vaiuor is on the Malabar {At, ;md chat of Maauia on the Coi/na/uicI fide j and both divided by the Mountains above-mentioned. f This \> an L'lanr, bit two I.faguss in 'Length and one in JBrcadt';. In it ibiids q Te nple dedicated to Rama* Gods I c *T ^T'S' 375 i-*r. A fure he^, is not icf ', fo nat \ Vcdl'h can TRAVELS 0/ A J Gods who had been forced »iway ' Circiimdancc is that the Sea, when above four or five Foot deep in tins none but Boats, or very flat-bott( pafs between thod* Rocks. All this iuhing-Coufli'^ inaccefTiblc to European SWiips^ becaufe the Sea is for- ever breaki!ig in upon it; and Ships can winter only at Tunwurifty that Road being Iheltered by two Iflands. As the Fifhing-Coatl is famous all over the "World, I imagined I fhould meet with feveral ^arge 'I'owns upon it. Formerly there were a great Number •, but ever fince the Power of the Portu* gucze\ has been wcakned in ludia^ and they have riot been able to protecSt this Coaft, the mod confi- derable Towns are abandoned. There now re- main but certain poor Villages, the chief whereof are Tala^ Manapar^ /llandalcy^ Pundicael^ and fome others. But I mull exxept i'utucurin^ this being a City of above Fifty Thoufand Inhabitans, partly Chrijlians^ and the reft Idolaters *. When the Poriugueze fir(l came into India, the Paravas, or Inhabitants of the Fifhing-Coaft-, groan- ed under the Government of the Moors^ who had feized upon Part of the Kingdom of Madura. In this Extremity, their Chief refolved to implore the AfTift- ance of the Portugueze ; and to put himfelf, with his whole Cade, under their Protedlion. The Portugueze^ who have always been vaftly zealous for the Efta- blifhment of the Chrijlian Religion f, indulged it * The Coafts about which the Pearl-Filhery is carrisd on, are generally faid to he barren ; but we arc told that many Thoufand People are employed every Seafon in the Pcarl-I'ifliery ; As the Dutch are Mafters of both Coa{b,(though this is denied af- terwards by Father Martin^) th«y reap the greateil Benefit by this Fifliery ; but we are told that the Pearls a.ie not large, and that the Pearl- Fifliery on fome other Coalts is much more pro- fitable. f The Fathers fliould have added, bul dill infinitely moie zealous to get what Riches they could. B b 4 him. • ! • I I I lia \U Iff < „,;$ i. ELS of the Jesuits." him, upon Condition that, they (hould turn Cbrlf-^ tians^ which the Paravas promifcd. This Treaty was no fooner concluded, but the Portugucze drove the Moors out of the whole Country, and fettled theinfclves in various Places. 'Twas then the Chrif- tian Religion flourifhed on the Fifhing-Coaft, which was owing to the well known Labours of St. Fran^ (is XavicTywho built a great Number of Churches up and down, all which the Jcfuits have fincc governed very carefully. By the Liberty which the Paravns were allowed under the Portugueze^ to trade with their Neighbours, they became rich and powerful \ but ever fince they failed of the Protedlion of the Portugueze *, they have been opprclfed and reduced to extreme Poverty. Their greatefl: Trade at this Time, is in the Fifh they catch, which they carry up into the Country •, and exchange for Rice and other neceflary Provifions, of which that Coafl: is wholly unprovided ; it being covered merely with a kind of Brambles, with a dry burning Sand, I fee- ing nothing c\k in the Space of Twelve I,eagiies, from Cape Comorin to Tala ; except feven or eight Villages, in each of which is a Church fubordinatc to that of Tala, After having informed myfelf of every Thing neceflary in this Place, I began the Vifitation of my Churches, in order to prepare all the Flock com- mitted to my Care for Confeflion and the Commu- nion. Obferving a very old Church in the Village of Cuttangcli to be in a moft ruinous Condition, and confequently unfafe, I caufed a new One to be builr. I was greatly fatigued in my Vifitations, and more than once in Danger of being devoured by Tygers, which came out of the Woods in fearch of Water, Thefe Beads have made a furprifing Havock on the whole Coafl: this Year. Befides the » T rhc Dunh drcve the Portugueze out of their Settlements. Cattle TRAVELS o//i^ Jesuits. 377 Cattle devoured by them, we are told that ahov^ feventy Perfons have difapp.Mred, all whom, *tis feared, fell a Prey to thofe cruel Animals. They were feen to come, every Evening, to the Ponds, which commonly are pretty near to Villages •, when woe to fuch Cattle, Children, or even Men, as happened to come in their way, for nothing efcaped them. They Uruck fuch a Terror round, that the People ufed, to watch every Night in their Villages, and light up jgreat Fires. Not a Soul dared to ftir out of his own Houlc after it was daik, mvich lels to travel ; it being not very fafe for People to at- tempt this even in the Day-time, without there were feveral in Company. However, this did not prevent my crolTing, more than once, vad Forelts in the Night, when called upon to adminifter the Sacraments to poor People who were expiring. But I always was guarded by a Party of Chrif- tians^ fome of whom carried lighted Torches, whilft other beat a Drum, the Sound of which frightens the Tygers, and makes them take to their Heels. The Foreft infefted by thefe Tygers is fi\e or fix Leagues long; the reft of the Coait being wholly of Sand, but of a Sort that is vaftly troublefomc to Travellers. Here I again experienced the Care of Providence. Travelling along the Sea-fide in a very dark Night, with two of my Catechifts, we came to the Bank of a lirtle Rivers, which Ib«;fore had croflfed without Danger. But now going for- ward in order to ford it, I fell down on a ludden with the Catechift who fupported me, into a great Hole which the Sea had made by fcooping away the Sand. We muft have pL'riflied inevitably, had we not been fuftained by ilie immediate Hand of Heaven. However, no otlier Harm happened to us, except our being thoroughly foaked, notwith- we went forward to the next Qiurch, ftanding which :i M . '» I 37» r R^y ELS of tbe Jtsvt'ts. . Church, where we returned Thanks to Heaveh for our Dciivcnmcc. After having vifited the feveral Churches of my Dillrid:, I returned, in Ecijler- Weck, to 'Tala^ whither a great Number of Chrif- tiam, from the neighbouring Villages were come. I now received a Letter from the Provincial, by which I was ordered to prepare for the Miflion ot Ji'ladum *, That Moment I fet out for Topo^ where, * As frequcr.t mention is made of the Englfi^ French^ Pai- tu ueze .nil Dutch Settlements in thefe Parts of the World, jt; may not be improper to take fome Notice of the Danes, fctled at Iranqucbar, tar trom Cape Comorin, on the Cormandel Coail. The DantS have a regular Stone Foit, which is lurrcunded ty a deep Moat. The Town wliich is about two Miles round, is environed with a ilout Wall, with Balltons, on wliich Cannon are moimttd. The Iloufes of the Europeans are of Brick or Scone, but thofe of the Indians are made with Ciay Walls, and ihatchcd Roofs, as in other Indian Towns. TheGarrifon is net llrong ; and the Town b.iiig bifuged about forty Years fince (I write this in 174O by the Kiug of Tanjour, would pciTibly have furrendered, had not the Inhabitants been aihrted by the Dutch, and feci-etly by the En^lijh. With Regard to the Daiiijh MilVions fettled in T/-<7W7?/.?(^rf;-, iij 170,, the King oi Denmark, rel"''lvcd to fend fome Ai'lVionuri .'s to this Town. The Univer- lity of Hall being defirtd to furriifh able Terfons for undertaking ib hazardous an Enter pri-.i", M If. Z n:Jr} Minicnarie?, they knovv of no other Method of converting the Uexthcns, but that employed by the Apolllcs themfelves, i//z, Perfuafion and convincing Argu.nents. Sec -Thiriy-foiir Confe- n'>ic.'.i bci-xvrcn the D.inifli Mijjionarics^ and the .\]alabarian B^a- mins, tiuinJJnted b)' Mr.Vh'xWxs, 17 19, where we are told, ^«j^. 31S, tli.'it in 1610, in the Reign or Jving Ai-fchudappanaiker^ a Dnnijh Admiral came to Tianfithar y wliere he was kindly re- ceived I " I I 1.. ,■ = ^ III m^ ; :;^^' 111 "■t r:e Jesuits, Straits of Ramanakoiel. As Punicael {^SLnds on the Banks of a fmalJ River, with two Mouths, Travel- lers get eafily from thence by Water to Tutucurin. For this Purpofe we need only obferve the Tide, which, when going up, carries Paflengers from Pmicaei, the firft Mouth, to the Place where the two Arms of the River meet ; and when the Tide runs down, they go to the fecond Mouth where Tu- tucuritt (lands. Xtitucurin appears a handfomeTown to thofe who arrive at it by Sea. We obferve feveral Buildings which are lofty enough, in the two Iflands that fhelter it; likewife a fmall Forirefs built a few Years fince by the Dutcby to fecure themfelves from the Infults ot the Idolaters, who come from the inland Countries ; and feveral fpacious Warehoufes built by the Water- fide, all which look pretty enough. But the inftant the Spedlator is landed, all this Beauty vanifhes; and he perceives nothing but a large Town, built moftly of Hurdles *. The Duicb draw confidera- ble Revenues fro^n Tutucurin, though they are not ^bfolute Mafters of it. The whole Filhing-Coafl belongs partly to the King of Madura, and the reft to the Prince of Marava, who, not long fince, Ihook of the Yoke of the MW«r^« Monarch, whofe Tributary he was. The Dutch attempted, fomc Years fince, to purchafe, of the Prince of Marava^ his Right to the Fiftiing-Coaft, and all the Country dependant on it ; and, for this Purpofe, fent him a fplendid EmbafTy with magnificent Prefents. The Prince thought fit to receive the Prefents, and pro- ceived by the Governor, and permitted to build a Fortrefs in it, which the Danes have very much improved lince. If the Jefuits might be believed, they themfelves employ no other Mftht-ds in their Cor.vcrfions, than thofe related. of the DGtiiJh Miffionaries, who, I hope merit the Charadler given them above, and of wiicm further Notice will betaken hereafter. * The Original is /''7//6ff/ff, which I take to be Hurdles or fomethin^ of ihr.t kind. mi fed TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 381 mifed fine Things, but has not yet been fo good as his Word. Though the Butch are not Mailers of the Coad, they yet have ':>ften behaved in fuch a manner as if it had been entirely fubjecft to them. Some Years fince they difpoffefled the poor Paravas of their Churches, "which they turned into Magazines, and lodged their Fadors in the Houfes of the MifTiona- rics. The Fathers were then forced to withdraw into the Woods, and there build themfelves Huts, in order that they might not abandon their Flock, at a Time when their Prcfence was fo neceflary. With Refpc6t to the Trade carried on by the Dutch on this Coaft, befides the Linens brought to them from Madura^ and for which they barter the Leather oijapan^ and the Spices of the Moluccas^ they gain confiderable Advantage by two Fiflierics carried on here,that of Pearls and that of the Xanxus's, The Xanxus is a vaft Shell, like to thofe which the Tritons are reprefented founding, in Sculpture and Painting. The Dutch are furprifmgly jealous of this Trade, infomuch that it would coft any hdian his Life, who Ihould dare to fell one of them to any other Perfons but fuch as belong to the Dutch Eaft^ India Company. They purchafe them for a Trifle, and fend them to the Kingdom of Bengal^ where they are fold at a very high Price. Thefe Shells are fawed in proportion to their Breadth. Being round and hollow, they are wrought into Bracelets, which have as bright a Polifli as the fined Ivory. Such of them as are fiflied, (and that in prodigious Quantities) on this Coatl, have their Volutes from right to left. If the Idolaters were to take one whofe Volutes are from left to right, they would confider it as a Treafure worth Millions j they ima- gining that one of their Gods v/as forced to hide himfelf, when his Enemies purfued him furioully by Sea, in a Xanxus of this lauer kind, 3 The £1 ' 382 TRAVELS of the J'Esv ITS. The Dutch Eafl-India Company make a fccond Advantage by the Pearl- Fifliei-y. They don't un- dertake the Fifhing on their own Account, but per- mit every Inhabitant.of the Country, whether Cbrif- tiaUy Heathen^ or Mohammedan^ to keep as many Fiihing-Boats as he pk'afcs, upon Condition that every Boat p^^y the Dutch fixty Crowns, and Ibme- times more. This Duty ariies to a confidcrrible Sum, fix or feven Hundred lometimes goingupon this Fiilie- ry. But all Perfons are not allowed to go whither- foever they pleafe ; but certain Places are allotted the feveral Boats. F^ormerly the Dutch ufed to ap- point, as early as the Month of January^ the Time and Place where the Filhing was to be carried on that Year, without firft making any Trial ; but as it was often found, that either the Scafon of the Year, or the Place, was not favourable, and confe- quently that few Oyfters were taken -, whence g'-eat Lofs accrued, as the feveral Materials for carrying on the Filhing, coft confiderable Sums, that Me- thod was changed, and the following is obferved. In the Beginning of the Year, the Comp.my fends ten or twelve Bv:)ats to the Place where they intend the FiHiing fhall be carried on. Thefe Boars feparare, when each of the Divers bnng up f)me Thoulands of Oyfters which they carry to Shore. Every Thoufand is opened feparatcly ; and the Pearls taken out of them are alio laid by themfelves. If the Pearls found in a Thoufand arc worth a Crown, or more, 'tis a Sign the Fifning will be extremely abundant and valuable in tliat Place ; but if the Pearls taken out of a Thouiand arc worth but half a Crown -, as the Profit could not be more than the Charges which the Company would then be put to, they don't Hfh that Year. Bjt when the Trial has been luccefsful, and the Company have given out that there will be fiiliing rhat Sealbn, the whole Coafl: is crouded, at the Time appointed, with a number- TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 383 niimberlefs Multitude of People and Boats in which Goods of every Kind are brought. I'he Dwch Commiflloncrs rome from Cobrnho^ Cap'tal of tiie liland oi Ceylon *, to prefide over the Filhing. Tne Day it is to begin, a large Cannon is fired very curly in the Morning. I'hac Inilanc all the Boats f«.i our, and n-:ake for the Sea, preceded by two Dh ch Veffels, which call Anchor en the right and kfe, * This large IH-ind lies to the Soiitli-wefl of the Pcnl.ifuLi (,f Ittdiay on this Side tlie Ganyesi in i^o^, the Portu:^t(ezr, iic.'d,d by Laivretre J/wcida, landed in this Jll.ind. Jn i ci 7, tlicy were permitted to make luLiencliments round the Spo: vWiere they had iettlcd thcmlVlves, but they foon changed thcfe n- trenchments into a Fertreis, In this manner Coio^nho was built. In 1597, the King of the Illand d\ing without lifue, declared the Kir.g of Portugal his Heir. Jn 1623, the King o^ Cami-p made War upon tiieni, but being defeated, he was obiij;cJ ia 1632, to accept of a Peace, upon Condition of paying two Elephants annually, by way of Tribute. In i( 39,'iiio Soi re- newed the War, on which Occaiion he was aifilted b/ the Dutcb ; and the War lalled till 1644, when a Truce, ufter eight Vears, was concluded. This War breaking out again in 16;,;;, the Dutrh drove out the PortitguezCy and are now the c:uy Traders to that Country, the Dutch being IVIallers of molt of tiie Coalb. Some think the Ifland Cey!o7t was the 7«//-o^^7» idy die of vail that is fecm at will be poring id Mc better. in this much often ; moft d with at the ntages n que- ftion- I m i Jpafs age Wiancj /*a. tf. Frxineit^ ^dquaae'delaJjun^i' if.Jirv^hin iJ*. Gt'Tnie^ \^At^u*tuv O .jRofforur;, ,A/:jllar^\ ^ ^'-i^^^'^^rAfCcet^^'^'^ A Ml'^f.'^C^lj^-^o^ 4U:Sac4ifHu 3^ ^ QuLquima^ /J^^uicUie' N^. /lui'uri^ T^us^avi StUVTUC-^ ^fuCnutri, ^ ^ Jl^MiiUmarade. liilutKnuLX ^'Cnmt!' ias '^^UfrtsdCo^ ^S "Tbniei .0 ,iiuitim. ^*o/. V- J?. d^.3£ 'RBfitno JSJSJiuAe .Carmen, % fo^ /: 'ntnta. J*ai"tdeA£aiiiMnyza^ Y :S.i^o'v**tJi . ClU'AOIiA TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 395 ftion, than thofe who live in the Provinces : For firft, with refpedl to the Chara6lers, the ableft Ma- fters are there met with •, and as to the Language, they are for ever converfing with People who fpeak it in all its Purity and Elegance. But it is a Know- ledge they abfolutely cannot do without ; for what- Gcnius or Talents foever a Perfon may poflTefs, he yet is obliged to learn the Chinefe Language, in order to obtain acrefs to the feveral great Men of the Empire : L inviting and converfing with us 5 and fometimes peii.iitting us xo fpeak about the €hrijlian Religion. / am^ my Lord^ &c. F. FOUQUET. ^e next Letter^ (dated at Pondichery the ^oth of September, 1 703,) from Father Tachard to Father de la Chaife, relating entirely to the Miffions^ is there- fore omitted. ^ '-''A w '■ An Account of the State of the Mifjions, newly fettled by the Jefuits ?"« California ; prefented to the Royal Council at Guadalaxara in Mexi- co, the \oth of Feb. 1702, by Father Fran- cis M. Picolo, a Jefuit^ one of thefrjl Foim- 4ers of that Mijjion. Tranflated from the Spanijh. My Lords, */T^IS in Obedience to your Commands, with JB_ which you was pleafed to honour me fome Days fince, that I fliall here give you an accurate and faithful Relation of the Difcoveries and Settle- ments which Father John M. de Salvatierra, and 3 myfelf •Ku!! m Urn 396 TRAVELS o/fSe Jesuits; myfelf Iiave made, within thcfe five Years, in Ca- Ufornia. We went on board a Ship in Odlober 1697, and croflcd the Sea which feparates California ♦ from '^ew Mexico^ undt r the Protcdion of our Lady of Loretto. Being ali happily arrived, we placed the Image of our Lady (after adorning it in the bell Manner poITible) in the Place which we thought moft fuitableand worthyof the Saint j and befought her to be as favouranlc and indulgent to us on Land, as Ihe had been at Sea. As the Natives had not an Opportunity of know- ing the Defign we v/ere come upon, viz. of bring- ing them to the Light of the Gofpel , they not un- derftanding our Language, and none of our Com- pany having the lead Knowledge of theirs ; this made them imagine, that our only Motive was to difpofTefs them of their Pearl-fifht as others had attempted more than once before. I'br this Reafon they had rccourfe to Arms, and accordingly came in different Bodies to our Settlement, in which there * Befides the Aflurance which Father Picolo gives u«, that Ca- lifornia is not an I (land, Captain IVoodes Rogers^ who w s in thefe Parts in 17C9, tells us, that many Spaniards had informed him, that feveral of" their Countrymen had failed up the Streights, lying betwixt it and the Ocean, as far as liatitude 42 j but were afraid of venturing any farther, on account of tlie (hallow Wa- ter, and many Iflands, which is a general Sign of being near(bme Land. And Dampier tells us, that the Spaniards in many of their late Charts, join it to the Continent. If the new Map of California given by the jefuics, and inferted in this Work, is accurately drawn, (nndMs thought to be fo,) Captain Rogers mult have been impofld upon by thofe Spaniards, who affured him that their Countrymen had failed up the Streights (by which the Gulf of CaHfornia muil be meant) to Latitude 4^ ; the Gulf of California, in cur new Map, not running quite fo high as 3 2 Latitude : Nor di there appear to be any lilands in thcfe Streights, {in the ncv/ Map) mach higher than Latitude 29 : ConfequiTitly our Jefuits are miilaken, or Captain Rogers was impofed upon ; but I am apt to tiiink the latter. California was very little known till this Relation, which being looked upon as genuine, is confequently valuable. then TRAVELS of the Jesuits, 397 then were but a very few Spaniards. On which Occafion, they attacked us with lb much Fury, and poured in fuch Showers of Darts and Stones, that wc muft: inevitably have been loll, had it not been for the Protection of the blclTed Virgin. But our People, aided by the Almighty, fuftained the Attack with fo much Bravery, and repulfcd the E- nemy wirh fuch Succefs, that they foon ficd. And now the Barbarians becoming more tracta- ble after their Defeat, and finding it would be im- polTible for them to be vitftorious, deputed feme Perfons to us. Thefe we received in the molt friend- ly and hofpitable IVTanncr ; and foon learnt enough of their Language, to acqr.aint them wirh the Views of our coming among them. The Deputies then undeceived their Countrymen •, by which Means, thefe being now firmly perfuaded of theRcciitude of our Intentions, flocked to us in greater Numbers than before •, and feemed overjoyed that we were come to inftrud them in the Chrijlian P'aith, and fhew them the Way to Heaven. Fmding them thus happily difpofed, we refoived to Rudy affiduoully the Monq^iii Tongue, which is the Language of the Country : And accordingly wc fpent two Years in learning it, and in catechifing the People. And now Father Salvaticrra and I fcparated, in order that our Labours might be tlic more effcdlual; he travelling northward, and myfeif South and Weft. We had the higheft ConlbLition in thefe .ipoftolical Excurfions -, for as we, by this Time, v/ere well Ikillcd in the I-anguage of the Country, the Natives put the utmoft Corifiderice in us-, lb that they at laftwould invite us into their Villages, receive us in the kindeft Manner, and bring us their Ciiil- dren. After having thus inflructed fiic Inhabitants of one Village, we went in Icarch of otlicrs, to whom we alfo taus;ht the Cbriftian Faith. In this Manner Father Sahatiara diicovercd, iufcnfibly, the fe ve- ra 1 i' III 1,1 j fH: I I I I --^ 1 KAVFLS offbe Jesuits. r ;f Sfttli.'iTiLnis, v'hich form t!ie Mifllon of Lorcifo^ .'ojv.u:;. :\\v\ thai of St. John de Londo ; and I iny- leii tiK Co'jnrry now called the Million of St. Fran- cis Xdvicr of Biautidoy which extends to the South' Sea. Advancing thu% fcvemlly, up the Country, we obfcrved that many Nations who fpoke different Languages lived together •, Ibme fpeaking the Monqui Tongue which we underflood, and others the Laymonc Language, to which we were utter Strangers. For this Reafon we were obliged to learn the latter, which is mUch more extenfive than the Monqui^ and feems to be generally fpoke throughout the whole Country. We ftudied the haymone Tongue fo alTiduoufly, that we foon made ourfelves Mafters of it, and began to preach either in the Laymone or Motjqui Languages. Since our lecond Dilcoveries we have divided the whole Country into four Miffions : That of Con- cho, or Our Lady of Lord to ; that of Biaundo^ or St. Francis Xavier •, that of Todivinegga, or Ouf Lady of Grief -, and th;it of St. John de Londo, which is not yet eftablifhed, at leaft not fo well as the three others. Each Miflion confifts of feveral Villages. A Chapel had been built for the fecond Mifiion ; but being found too fmall, we have begun to raife a lofty Church, with Brick Walls, and defign to co- ver it in with Timber. The Garden, which joins to the Houfe of the Miflionaries, produces Herbs and Pulfe of every Kind already j and the Mexican Trees planted there thrive well, and will foon bt loaded with excellent Fruits. To proceed to the Manners of the Native.?, their way of living, and the Products of their Country. The Situation of California is laid down well enough in our ordinary Maps. In Summer, the Heats are very violeiu along the Coaft, and it TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 39(7 fcldom rains during that Scafon •, but, up the Coun- try, the Air is more temperate, and the Hears arc never intolerable. 'Tis the fame in Proportion with regard to Winter. During the rainy Seaibn, a Deluge of Water dcfcends ♦, but that being over, lb vaft a quantity of Di:ws arife every Morning, that One would think it had rained; and thefe Dews make the Land exceedingly fruitful. In ///r/7, M(v^\ and June^ there falls along with the Dcvvs, a fort of Manna, which congeals on the Leaves of the Reeds, whence it is gathered. I have taRed fome of this Manna, which is as fweet as Sugar, but not quite fo white. The Climate,' if we may judge from ourfelves and thofe who came with us, mult be healthy. For, during the five Years that we have lived in this Country, we have all enjoyed our Health, not- withftanding the fevere Fatigues we were obliged to undergo *, and of the reft of the Spaniards^ two on- ly died. One of thefe a Woman, loft her Life im- prudently, by bathing herfelf, tho' fhe was very big with Child, and expefted every Moment to be delivered. There are found in California., like as in the fineft Countries in the World, wide-extended Plains, pleafing Vallies •, excellent Fafturage, at all Seafons, for large and fmall Cattle •, running Springs of the cleareft Water j Rivulets and Rivers, v/hofe Banks are covered with Willows, Reeds, aivd wild Vines. The Rivers abound with Fifli, particularly with Cray-iifli, which are carried into a Kind of Refer- voirs, whence they are taken out as People want them. I myfelf faw three of thefe Refervoirs, all of them handfome and fpacious. We alfo meet with Abundance of Xicames, better tafted than thofe found in any Part of Mexico. Hence it may be concluded, that California is a very fruitful Re- gion, On the Mountains grow Mefcalc?, a Fruit pecu- ^ } m • :■ I: 'M , -I i\ m t 4C0 TRAVELS of the Jfsuits. pcculisir to this CoiifUry, and is gathered all the Year roLiivl. \Vc likcv/Ic imrt, almo(l in every Scalon, wit!i large i-'illachocs, of various Kinds, and Figs otdifTcrtnr. Colours. The Tvces arc beau- tiful, and parucularly thofc called by the Chinos^ or Natives of tiie Coiiiury, Falo Santo. This Tree bears a great quantity of Fruit, and a mofl: excel- lent Perfume is drawn iVoin it. California is no Kfs prolilic in Grain than in Fruit; and there are fourteen Sorts of the former, which tiic Natives feed upon. They likewife ufe the Roots of 'J'rces and Plants •, and, among others, that call- ed Yy.ica, with which they make a Kind of Bread. This Country produces likewife excellent Skirrer, nnd a Sort of fcarlet Beans *, of which great Quan- tities arc eat ; together with Pompions and Water- melons, of a prodigious Size. The Soil is fo vaftly rich, that many Plants bear Fruit thrice a Year ; fo that, were the neceflliry Labour employed in tilling and cultivating the Lands ; and the Waters proper- ly diftributed, the whole Country would be extreme- ly fertile, and produce the gveatcd Plenty of Fruits and Grain of every Kind. W'e ourfelvcs made an Experiment of this ; for having brought Wheat, /;/- dia7i Corn, Peas, and Lentils, fnom New Spain, we lowed them, and found a very abundant Crop tho' we had not the proper Implements ; an old Mule, and a wretched Plough-fliare, being the only Things we then pofTeffed for that Purpofe. Befides feveral Kinds of Beall'j well known to us, whereof great Numbers are i'ccn here, and which are good Food, liich as Stags, Mnres, Rabbits, ^V. there alfo are two Specier, of Animals not found in Europe. We called them Slieep, becaule they arc V i * Thefeare called In the Original /'.z^'t'.Vrj. by which, I fiip- pofe, the Phnjt'o'i of tiie Romaua arc mv\nnt; thcfc being tranf- lated, in fome of tlie French Didioiiarics, Haricot Sy wiiich an- fwcr to cm- Tifnch lie.ns. fliaped TRAVELS of t^e JrsviTs. 401 Ihapcd fomething like thofc of our Country. The lirli Sort is as large as a Calf of one or two Years olil. Their Mead refembies very much that of a Stag ; and their Horns, which arc of an extraordi- nary Size, are like thofe of a Ram. Their I'ail and Hair, which is fpotted, are (hortcr than thole of Stags i but their Hoofs are larg':", round, and cloven, like thofe of Oxen. I have eat of tht fu Beads, and their Flefh fcemcd valUy well tailed, and even delicate. The other Ibrt of Shjcp, fome of which are white, and others black, do not difler To much from ours. They arc bigger, and much more fleecy ; and the Wool, which is eafiiy fpun, makes very ^ood Cloth. Befides thcfe Bta!ls, for Food, there are Lions, wild Cats, and many more like to thofc of New Spain. We had carried fome Cows into California^ and a great Number of f.nall Cattle, as Sheep and Goats, which would hav- mul- tiplied prodigioufly, if the extreme NecvfTjty we were in, for fome Time, had not obi* ;rd us to kiH a great Number of them. We alfo carried thither feveral Horfes and young Mares, to (lock the Coun- try. They had begun to breed Hogs ; but as thefe make a great Havock in the Villages, and the Wo* men of the Country are afraid of them, we are re- folved to extirpate them entirely. With refpeA to Birds, all thofe of Mexico^ and moft of thofe of Spain^ are found in California. There are Pigeons, Turtles- Larks ; a great Num- ber of delicate ly-tafted Parn-^ jges, Geefe, Ducks, and feveral other forts of Birds, both of Rivers and of the Sea. The Sea abounds very much with Fifh, which are very good Food. In it are found Pilchards, Anchovies ar.d Tunnies, which laft People catch with their Hands on the Shore. Whales are feen pretty frequently in thefe Parts, and Tortoifes of all Kinds. The Shores are ftrewed with Heaps of D d Shells, 'i \.i » ■; ^ r" 1.- wm I ..1 .■■!■.! I, I " ,1, « 1 ,jj I I. I i: 402 TRAVELS tf the Jesuits. Shells, of a much larger Size than Mother of Pearl. Salt is not made from the Sea, but taken out of Pits. This Salt is as white and clear as Chiyftal, and fo very hard, that the People are often forc- ed to break it with a Hammer. It would fell for a good Price in New Spain, that Country being in great want of this Commodity. CaUfxnia * was difcovered about two hundred Years ago. Its Coafts are famous for the Pearl- fifhery, which was a llrong Bait for the Europeans, who have made feveral Attempts to fettle in it. 'Tis certain, that would our King fet up a Fifhery here, it might produce vaft Sums. I don't doubt but Mines would be difcovered in feveral Places, if fought for; fincepart of the Country is in the fame Latitude with the Provinces of Cinaloa and Sonora, where there are very rich ones. Tho' Heaven has been fo indulgent to the Cali^ fornians ; and their Land produces fpontaneoufly many Things which are not brought forth in other Countries except with vaft Pains and Labour ; they yet fet no Value on the Abundance and Riches of their native Region. Contented with finding the feveral Neceflaries of Life, they difregard all Things befides. The inland Country is very populous, ef- pecially northward ; and tho' there is fcarce one Village which does not confifl: of twenty, thirty, forty, or fifty Families, they yet never build Houfes. The Shade of the Trees fcreens them in the Day- time, from the fcorching Sun-beams ; and in the Night, they fecure themfelves from the Inclemen- cy of the Air, by a Kind of Roof made of Leaves 'f and Boughs. During Winter, they withdraw to Caves, I * Sir Francis Drah, who was there in k;;^, called it Ne^iv Jlbion, and cook PoflVflion of it in the Namj of his royal Ali- •Arefs, Queen Elizabeth. •f This may put one in mind of tliat exquiiite Defcrlption g*- vea W " TKkY'E.LSofthe Jesuits. 403 Caves, which they dig •> and there feveral of them live together, in much the fame Manner as .viJd Beads. The Men go quite naked, at lead thofe whom we faw. They wrap or tie round their Heads a Piece of very fine Linen, or a Kind of Net- work. They wear about their Necks, and fome- times on their Hands, by way of Ornament, Mo- ther-of-Pearl in various Figures, wroughc neatly e- nough *, and intermixed with Jittle round Fruits, re- fembling our religious Beads. Their only Weapons are Bows, Arrows, or Javelins ; but thefe they car- ry always in their Hands, for hunting, or defend- ing themfelves againft their Enemies *, the Inhabi- tants of the feveral Villages or Towns being fre- quently engaged in War one againft the other. The Drefs of their Women is fomething more modeft than that of the Men, the former wearing, from the Waift to the Knee, a fort of Apron, made li' ven of the Manner in which Adam and Eve pafled their Time in the Garden of Eden. Under a Tuft of Shade that on a Green Stood nuhifpering fofti by afrejh Fountain Side *rhey fat them dsivfTf and after no more foil Of their fnxieet gardning Labour than fuj^c'd *lo recommend cool Zephyr, and made Eafe More eafy ; nxsholefome Thirft and Appetite More grateful ; to their Supper Fruits they fell ^ Ne^arine Fruits^ nuhich the compliant Boughs Yielded them^ fide long as they fat recline On the foft doiuny Bank damaskt luith Flo 1.' ?^ lllSI : m 4o8 TRAVELS o//i^ Jesuits; as has too often happened, in an Inftant, a Work, the raifmg of which took up fo much Time, and ex- pofed thofe who engaged in it to fo many Dangers. Guadalaxara, Feb. lo, 1702. Francis M. Picolo. The ^tb Vol of the Original ends here. A Descent made by the Spaniards, /;/ the IJland of * California in 1683, TH E Spaniards, ever fince they poffefled Mexico^ have always looked upon the Ifland of California, as a Conqueft worthy of their Arms, The Advancement of our holy Religion, and the Salvation of the Californians, added to the hopes which thofe who failed this way, have continually given us, viz. that a confiderable Pearl-Fifhery might be carried on there; made us always defirous of extending the Spanijh Empire over this rich, wide-extended Country. The famous Marquis del Valle, Don Ferdinand Cortez, was the firft who pro- jedled, and engaged in this Enterprize ; but the Commetions which it was apprehended would break out, in a Country newly conquered, having obliged him to return to Mexico, pur an End to all the hopes which the World entertained of his Bravery and Succels. Several Attempts have been fince made by other great Captains, but thefe were al- ways defeated by fbmc unforefeen Accident *, and the only Advantage gained by thefe various De- fcents, was, the Spaniards got fome little Know- ledge of the Inhabitants of this Ifland j of the Pearl- * Califcrnia is fince fuppofed to form Part of the Con« tinent. Fifhery, TRAVELS of the Jesuits.' 409 Fifhery 5 which may be carried on there and of a new kind of Ambergreafe found in thefe Parts. The Glory of this Conqueft, of equal Importance to Religion and Trade, was referved for our Monarch, at whofe Expence this laft Embarkation was made, and from which we may promife ourfelves the greatefl: Succefs. Marquis de Laguna, Viceroy and Captain-General of Mexico or New Spairt, having received Orders, from his Catholic Majefty, not to fpare any Expence with regard to Enterprizes, where there might be the lealt Probability of ex- tending the Chriftian Faith among the barbarous Nations, fitted out two Ships of War, with a Bi- lander * •, and putting on Board them a Body of Itout Troops, with Frovifions and Ammunition of every kind, he fent them upon this Conqueft, un- der the Command of Don Ifidore d'Atondo -f. Ad- miral of New Spain, from whofe Letters the fol- lowing Account 4- was extraded. This little Fleet failed from the Port of Cbalaca^ in New Gallida, the i8th of January 1683. Their Voyage, for fome Days, was not very fuccefsful, as the Wind was almoft perpetually contrary ; and the Ships being obliged to ply to Windward, were thrown by the Storm into the Harbour of Mazat- Ian, in which both Ships entered the 9th of Febru" ary. They arrived March 18, at the Mouth of the River of Cnaloa, where there is a pretty com- * A two Mali VefTel. -j- This Enterprize is hinted at, in Father /e GobietPs Letter to the Jefuits of France, inferted in pag. 3 1; i , of this Volume. 4- 1 met accidentally with this Relation in Paris ; and Califor- nia being a Country fo little known, I judged that this Account would pleafe. *Tis annexed to the Relation of two Journies, undertaken by the Emperor of China, in 1682 and 1683, into Eajlern and Weftern Tartary, The whole is dedicated to Lenuis XIV; and printed at Paris, iov Ejlienne Michallet, 1681;, 1 2 mo. The Account of this Defcent was written originally in Spanijh. modious nu^ I' fi 4T0 TRAVELS of fh Jesuit^: modious Harbour. Here they refreflied themfelves for fome Time, and afterwards continued their Courfe along the Coaft of Cinaloa^ as far as the Iflands of Sr. Ignatius^ where they ply'd to Wind- ward, in order to make the greater Expedition y or rather that they might not fail quite fo flow as be- fore. Their Courfe was pretty near from Eafl*, "Weftward. The Weather was now fo very favour- able, tha:t the Ships were carried in one Night, in fight of Ceralbo and the Land oi California^ fpite of the ftrong Currents met with in this Arm of the Sea, and which run with great Impetuofity into the Pa- cific Ocean. However, the Wind fhifting on a fudden, they could not get a-flfiore till three Days after. They then coafted along, Northweft, and» after failing eight Leagues, arrived at Jaft, at the Mouth of the famous Harbour de la Paz *. Geo- graphers are very much divided in Opinion with Regard to the Situation of this Port. 'Tis placed^ in our common Maps in the 24th Degree : Some particular Maps, fix it at the 27th; and others a- gain in the 25th and 26th Degree. 'Tis placed, in Captain de Lureville's Chart, in the 24th Degree ; agreeing, in this Refpc6t, with thofe of Janfonius, Neverthelefs, Father Eufebius Francis Kino^ the Je- liiit, a famous Mathematician, who was in this Ex- pedition, declares that the Mouth of this Harbour lies in 24 Degrees, 45 Minutes. This made us cioubt whether this Port be really that call'd de la Paz ; which Doubt is the more juftly grounded, as the Californians who were met with in this Harbour, did not underftand one Word of what the Jefuits, on Board the Fleet, faid to them ; though thofe Words were taken from a Dictionary, which other Jefuits had compiled at Port de la Paz, in the firfl Expeditions of the Spaniards. Add to this, that it was * 'Tisfo caird in our Maps : In the Original 'cis Notre Dame df la Paix, i. e. Our Lady of Peace. obferved, TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 41 1 obferved, in the firft Voyages to California^ that the Inhabitants of this Harbour 11 led to come on Timber-Floats and Canoes, to meet all fiich Euro^ peans as arrived there, with the greatcil: Demonftra- tions of Fricndfliip •, wlycreas, on this Occafion, not fo much as one Float or Canoe appeared, nor was a fingle Californian feen for feveral Days. Don Jfidore de Atondo the Admiral, who likcwife, enter- tained the fame Doubt, endeavoured to foJve it, by fuppofing that the Calif ornic.ns called Guaricures^ who, according to the firft Relation.*', were engag- ed in War with thofe of Port de la Paz, might have drove out the ancient Inhabitants, and leized upon their Country -, becaufc the Marks we have that the Cape of St. Luke is at the Point of the Ifland of Ceralbo, (hew that this Harbour is the ancient Port de la Paz. However this be, we Ihall give it that Name. We entered it the 30th' of AJarcb^ after performing a nine Days Devotion to St. Jofeph. The Bay is very large, and much hke that of Cales. On the Morrow, we advanced five or fix Leagues higher, and caft Anchor. The Admiral, with his Captains, landed from two Boats, upon a very a- greeable Spot covered with Palm- Trees, where they found a Spring of excellent Water. They did not meet with a fingle Inhabitant in this Place ; but imagined, by the Footfteps feen, that there were fome Men thereabouts. The Spaniards did not advance farther this Day, but returned to the Coaft, and lay there. The Day following all the Men landed, when immediately a great Crofs was ereded upon an Eminence, by Way of taking PoflTeflion of the Country in the Name of God, and his Catholic Ma- jefty *. The Spaniards wanted to know whether fome * What Right the Spaniards had, to feize upon a Countrv in ihis Manner, and difpoffefs the Natives of it, is above my Com- i:reheniion : ',:< 412 TRAVELS ^//^ Jesuits: fome Calif ornians were not hid in tliefe Woods^ which arc exceedingly thick, and cover the whole Mountain. For this Piirpofc they left a few Eata- bles, fuch as Indian Corn, Bifcuit, ^c. mixing fome Beads among them. Being fatisfied with this Difcovery, they returned on Board their Ships. 1 he I'hird of Aprils the Spaniards landed again, when tliey found the feveral Things they had left, in the very fame Place untouched. The Admiral, ac- companied by a Captain and fome Soldiers, went upon a Hill, whence he difcovered only a wide- extended Lake •, and afterwards returned on Board his Ships. On Sunday after Mafs, they fent out the Boats, upon a Difcovery, through Straits above Three Leagues in Length. The Extremity of thefc Straits, according to Father KinOy is in 24 Degrees 10 Minutes. They fpent the Evening in FiHiing; and catch'd a large Quantity of Sea- Wolves, Soles, Thornbacks, and feveral other Fifli prchenfion : Much the fame, as it would be for a Fellow to take away by Force, a Coat cut of a Man's Shop, becaufe he is ftronger. Some may perhaps fay, that the Obedience the Jefuits owe the Pope, gives n fufficic nt Sandlion to all Attempts of this 'kind. The Siibmifiion required by them is thus ftrong- ly delcribed by our Countryman Oldham^ in his Third Satyr iij^on tiie Jefuits. Lrt it he held lefs heinous, lefs ami/st To hi-tak allGoiCs Commrtnds, than ajie of his * : (* the Pope's) t'^hcn his crreat Mijjions call^ nvithout Dela)\ Withoui Rtl usance readily obey. Should he to Bantam, or Jnpan command. Or farthcjl Bo:'/id of Southern, unknoixn Land j Farther than A^-arice its Vaffals drit'cs, Thro' Ro ks and Dangers ; lojs of Blood and I.ivesi Like great Xaviei'j he your Obedience /heiun ; Ouij}>ip his Ccurai^e, Glory and Renown ; When: i-.either yaivni^/g Gulphs of deep Defpair^ Nor fcorching Heats of buniing Line could fare : K'ho?n Seas, nor Storms, nor Wrecks could tnake refrain F^-om propagating holy Faith and Gain. of TRAVELS cf the Jesuits. 413 of a prodigious Size, which fcrved tlicm for Provi- fions three Days. Among thcfc Fi(h foiiic poifon- ous Ones, which they knew, were found. On Mon- day they returned to the Place where they firlt Janded ; and began to build a Imall Fort theri', with a Church, dedicating it to our LaJy of Guadahivpc^ as the Conquefl: of this Country was uncitrtuk^n under her Protedlion. Thcfc Precautions were not unneceflary ; for tiie Admiral, v;ith fomc Captains, going upon an Eminence, difcovered a vaft Cloud of Smoke ; this being the Signal employed by the Californians whenever they aflemblc, in order to make War. The Admiral judged it expedient to fortify himfelf, which was accordingly done with Trunks of Palm-Trees ; they mixing thefe inftead of Fafcines, with the Soldiers Boxes and Trunks ; in order to fire upon the Natives, if they found it neceflary *, and to fecure themfelves from their Darts and Arrows. They mounted three Field- Pieces on the Fort, which was raifed in Form of a Half-Moon ; and after taking thefe feveral Precau- tions, they pafled that Night without the leaft Ap- prehenfions. The Soldiers going, on the Morrow, to grub up or clear a Hill, and fell Timber for the Fortifications, heard on a fudden, a dreadful Cry made by the Natives, who were marching diredlly towards them. Immediately the Alarm was found- ed, and they all retired into the Fort. Scarce had we put ourfelves in a Pofture of Defence, when we faw about Thirty-five Californians^ who were al! well-made, agreeable Men, and completely armed v/ith Bows, Arrows and Darts. They drew up in the Form of a Half-Moon ; and feemed, by their Gel- tures, to bid us quit their Country. The Admi- ral and the Captains dcclar'd, by Signs, that ihey were defirous of Peace, and came to conclude an * Excellent this ! ns tho' the SpahiariU had a right to Icill the Natives, in Cafe they oppo'ed their fettling among thcir.. Alliance :ill :: i» i, ity, ought, when undcrlloodj to work powerfully on ths Minds of M'-n ; yet what EfFedl can ,.n empty ^;ound have on l\'il"uns who arc utterly ignorant of tlie Idea implied by it ! Tjus favouis ve'y much cf the Cabalillical Dctbincs Melons, TRAVELS ^//Zv Jesuits. 419 M^'ions ^<^. which they brought with them. The Meadows unci fine Paihire Grounds found in this Country, give us Reafon to beHcvc, th;it all Sorts of Animals may thrive in it. For this Purpofe the Admii-al Tent his Galley to fetch over fome ; and Ad- vice has bcLii brouj?hr, tliat (lie was arrived at ///j- qui, v/here the feveral Cattle, wliich the Admiral ddired to be fent, were put on board. Some Soldiers, rambling: ataconfiderable Diftance from the Camp, came to a Cave, wherein lay a great Number of human Bones, whence they con- jectured that the Natives bury their Dead there. They aHb found in it fomc Wrecks of Ships, which, probably, were part of thofe belonging to Captain Ortega, who wascaR- away in this Harbour in 1633 oi* 1634. They likewile found mineral Stones, and Pieces of Mocher-of-pcarl, with which, .if the fird Relations may be ( red i ted, this great Gulph abounds. But whatever Wonders arc therein told con' crning ti^.em, we have not yet found any ; and the CaUfor- nians feem to have never feen any fuch Thing. Foifibly they are to be met with only in the IQands, of which there are a multitude in this Streighr, par- ticularly to the North-weft. The Soldiers iikewife faw in the abovcmentioned Cave, fome Bones of a Whale, of fo prodigious a Size, that a fingle Jaw- bone was five Ells broad. Th^ Admiral waits im- patiently for the Horfes which 1 ,: lO be fent him trom Hiaqui^ in order to advance farchcr up into the Country -, and to go on the otlK-: Side of the Harbour, as well as to the Bay of St. I\ Jary Magdalen^ twenty Leagues from the Port de la Paz. The Length of this Iiland, from North-weft to South-weft, is 1700 Leagues, from Cape St. Luke to that of Mendozino * ; and its Breadth, from Ea(t to North-weft, is 500 Leagues, from Port Sir Irancis Drake, to Cape Mendozir.o, according to » T?-^ called Mciu are under them, than any Prince in Europe could entertain for the Dregs of the People. Thefe Bra- mins and Shootrcs '.vould be difhonoured in their na- tive Place, a!]d lole all the Privileges of their Cafte, fhould they liften to the Inllru^Lions of a Perfon whom their Countrymen confider as an abominable Wretch, We TRAVELS oj the jEstJiTs. 421 We therefore are obliged to appoint Parias-C^tc- chifts for the Parias, and Brnmm-CAtQchiiis for the Bramins *, a Circumllance which gives us no little Trouble, it not being eafy to procure fuch, efpcci- ally of the latter. Nothing is more difficult than to convert the Bramins ; for thcfe being natu- rally haughty, and puffed up with Notions of their exalted Birth, and their Superiority over the reft of the Caftes, they thence are found lefs tra(^l:ablc, and more rtrongly attached to the Superftitions of their Country. The 23d of laft March an Eclipfe of the Moon happened. As the Bramins are the only Scholars and Divines among the Indians^ and apply them- felves particularly to Aftronomy, they alfo had fore- told the Eclipfe in qucftion. Upon examining their Calculation, I found it was not quite accurate, for which Reafon I drew a Scheme of that Eclipfe, wherein I fpecified exactly the Time and Duration of it. I then fent this Scheme to Cangivaron and the neighbouring Towns, and it was found juft, the Eclipfe happening at the very Hour fpecified by me, a Circumltance which gave this People a very advantageous Idea of the Knowledge of the Brci- mirn of thn Norths as we are called in this Country. Nothing can be more abfurd than the manner in which t'.ie /;/t//^;/j account for Eclipfes. Every Time that the Shadow of the Earth conceals the Moon Troni us ; or that thr Moon prevents our feeing the Sun, which raufe Eclipfes, as is generally knownj the fupcnlitious Indians fancy that a Dragon fwal- lows thcfe two Planets, and thereby takes them from our Sight. A yet more ridiculous Circumftance is, that, to make the pretended Monftcr difgorgc the. mighty Morfels, they make a dreadful hurly-burly; and fuch of their Women as are with Child fhu. themfelves up very affiduoufly, and dare not ftir out, for icar left this terrible Dragon, after having 1; fwal- 1% I 1! . ,1 f t'l lli I. a { Ml 5 Ill ^l Ji : j ■ ! ' 1 ' i 1'^ m 1 1 il- }. 422 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. ivvallowcd the Moon, lliould do the like by their Children. As lomc ^ra;/7/7J happening rov in t me about this Time, they ipoi-LC concerning the Eclipfe. 1 plain- ly dtmonftrated to them, that the Pariiciilarr. relat- ed of the Dragcifs fwaliowinp; the S'ln and Moon, during their Eclipfe, were all a Ficlion, invented merely to impofe on the People •, and they readily agreed with me in Opinion. Since you are fo frank and in^eraicuf, fiid I, ^^ive me Leave to ohfervc^ that as ycu have been hitherto mij taken, ivith regard to the Cai'.fe of Eclipfcs, you likewife may he in an Error ^ in magim- g that Bruma, Wiltnou, and Routrern, are Gods '•jcorthy of Adoration \ fince that thefe pretended Deities were only fo many vicious^ corrupt Men, ix^ho were ravked among the Gods, merely by the Flattery of their FeUozv-creatures. 'lis no hard matter to re- fute a Sett of People who have no fixed Principles ; but 'tis very difficult io prevail wiih thorn to re- nounce their Error?, and aCl conformably to known Tru.h. Whenever they arc reproached with any Vice, or reproved for committing any wicked Ac- tion, tiity coldly anfvvcr, that it is writ fo on their Head, and that it was impolliblc for ihrm to a^^t o- tlierwife. If a Milfionary Jeems fjrprized at fuch an AiTcrtion, and defires to fee the Place where this is writ, they ihew him the various Sutures or Scams in their Skull, and pretend that they are the Chara- clers of this nr/ilerious Writing. In calc he is ur- gent with rh.cm to dccypher thtfe CharaCiers, and explain their Signification, they then confels them- felves' quite in the dark as to that Matter. But foice ycu are not able to read this Jfriting, would I foir eames fiy to tb .Me obRinate Idolaters, what Man decyphers it to you ^ lJ^l:e is that explains its Meaning? Befides^ as thefe pretended Charaolirs are the fame on the Herds of Mai kind in general^ whence comes it that Mm i 'S. c by their ' about th;s '. I plain- ularr> rcJat- lul Moon, , invented if^y readily "^e fo frank 'ferve^ that 'g<^rci to the Error^ in Jtrern, are ' pretended Men^ who Flattery of rccr to rc- ^rJncipIcs ; :?rn to rc- to known with any ickcd Ac- ^o on their 1 to clJt o- ^d at iuch where this or Scams !ie Chara- : he is ur- i^-icrs, and te(s them- ter. But would I '.vbat Man Meaning f ^e fame on les it that Mm TRAVELS o/'/^^ Jesuits. 423 Men a5l fo differently •, and fhew fo great a Contrariety in their Views and Dcfigns ? The Bramins liftned to me very calmly, and without feeming to regard the Con traditions they ne- ceflarilyfcll into,nor the ridiculous Con fequcnces which they were oWiged to own refill ted from what they faid. At lafl:, finding the Attack grow ftill warmer, their only Refuge was to withdraw without faying a Word. This gives a tolerable Idea of the People of this Country, and fhews that the Converfion of a Bramiu is not fo eafy a Matter as might be imagined. Few Converts have been made here this Year. As our Intention is to eftablifli a lading MifTion, not only in the Kingdom of Carnata^ whence this Letter is dated, but likewife in the other Kingdoms round us -, it was judged neceflary for me to acquire an exact Knowledge of this Country, in order for us to fix upon fuch Places, as may be mod proper for fettling MilTions in them. For this Reafon I was obliged to undertake a long Journey \^e(lward, whence I returned but two Months fince ; and of which you will receive a faithful Narrative, at the fame Time with this Letter. 7 am. Sec, Mauduit, Relation of the Jourfiey of Father Mauduit, a Jefuit^ fo the Weft of the Kingdom of Car- nata, in 1701. THE third of Septemher^ 1701, I fet out from Caroovepondi, where I ufually refide, being but about two or three Leagues from Cangivarony Capital of Carnata ; and arrived pretty early that Day at Jjenhlarny formerly a confidcrable City, E e 4 but ,1 fti ^^ m I< ff •ill I i * 424 T R A V E L S 0/ the Jesuits.* but which now is only a large Town. A Chriftian whom I had baptized there fome Months before, received me in the kindcft Manner, but I did not make any Stay with him. I proceeded forward, and went and lay in a large Pagod, dedicated to an Ape, whom the Indians worfhip as a Deity. As there arc no Caravanferasorlnns in all this Country, for Travellers to lodge in, they commonly pafs the Night in the Heathen Temples orPagods. My Ca- techifts and I placed ourfelves in the middle of the Pagod, where we offered up the ufual Prayers -, and after ptoftrating ourfelves fcveral Times before the Image of the crucified Saviour, which I fattened to one of the Pillars, we fang,ir. the Tamul Language *, various fpiritual Songs, that we might glorify God in a Place where he is fo often difhonoured. One of the Bramins^ who has the Care of this Temple, vexed to fee us contemn his Idols, and turn our Backs upon them, came and expreffed his Indigna- tion on than Account : + However, we, without regarding his Invedives, continued our fpiritual Songs, till fuch Time as it was neceflary for us to take fome Reft. I fpent the Night with great Dif. comfort to myfelf •, the Heat of the Sun, whofe Rays are almoft perpendicular in the Day-time *, and the bad Water I had been forced to drink, throw- ing me into a violent Fever. Notwithftanding this I fet out again next Day, and arrived at Alcatil^ a large, and very populous City, but ill built and dirty, as are moft of the Cicies in India. * So called from a Country of Blfnagar, on the Coaft of Cor- ntandel. The MifTionaries therp have formed a Language of the Fortugueze and T^zw;// intermixed j but, in fuch a Manner, that the Portuguese predominates in it. They alfo have introduced a great many Tamul Words, (into this new kind of Language) which are thought more expreffive than the correfpondent ones in rhe Portugueze. i Nothing could be more natural than this Anger of the Bramin. 'Twas 'S. ■ Chrifiian IS before, [ tlid not forward, ited to an ^ity. As Country, f pafs the MyCa. le of the 'ers; and )efore the ftened to iguage *, >ri fy God d. One Temple, turn our Indigna- without fpiritual for us to jreat Dif- whofe pne ; and throw- ding this uiJt and aft of Cor- age of the nner, that ntroduCed .anguagtr) dent ones er of the 'Tvvas TR A VEL S of the Jesuits. 425 *Twas with Tears I beheld the fad Remains o\ a diabolical Ceremony which the Moors * have cndca • voured to abolifh, fince their being Mafters of the greatefl part of this Country. Not many Days be- fore, a Woman, either out of the Love flie bore to her deceafed Hufband, or from a Defireof fpreading her Name, had thrown herfelf on the funeral Pile, whilft her Hufband was burning on it f, and in this manner had been confum'd to Alhes. There were flill fecn the Necklaces, Bracelets, and other Ornaments of that unhappy Vidlim of Satan, hanging on the Boughs of the Trees, which flood round the Place where this fad Ceremony was performed. A Mau- foleum had alfo been erected there, to perpetuate the Memory of fo heroic an A6tion ; thefe People rank- ing, among their Deities, fuch of their Women as have the Courage to burn themfelves alive with their deceafed Hufbands. 1 lay. ac Alcatil, in tlie I loufc of a Bramin, who daily worfhipped the Devil, under the Name and Figure of Pookar, Seeing this Idol flanding in the Room where I was to lie, I thought proper to throw it upon the Ground. On the Morrow the Bramin came, with Flowers and Water, to honour the * The Mohammedans are fo called in India. f Moll of the Heathens ufed to barn the dead Bodies, but the C^-////rt«j bury them. The Indian Women have burnt them- felves, from Time immemorial, with their Husbands. Thefirll Romans did not \i(s to burn, but bury the dead Bodies, as is ob- ferved by P/iny. Neverthelefs, they afterwards burnt them, and yet Numa, according to Pluiatffh, Was buried j he haying exprefly forbid the burning of his Body, by his laft Will. This Cullom of burning dead Bodits, praclifcd by tl.e Greeks and Romans^ was abhorred by feme Nations. According to HerC' dotus, the Perfians were averfe to it, from an Opinion that Fire was a God. The E^vpiians likewife did not burn dead Bodies, Fire, according to them, being an Animal ; and they thought it not fitting that dead Bodies Ihould be throvvn to Bealb, in Or- der to be devoured by them. 'I'he Cullom among the Romans^ of burning dead Bodies, ceus'd under the Empire of the Jnto- nines. God ::ti I' n i i:*i 426 TRAVELS cf fbc Jesuits. God Poolear as iiHi.i!, and to offjr iin a Sacrifice to him ; when Iceini; the I'lol thrown down, and ;i Kind of Altar ict up by niP, he retired, and Ictc me at full Liberty to p rfonn the C'-rcmonics of our holy Religion •, and indeed I was as little undi(turl>.'d on this Occafion, as if I h.ui been in a Chrrlian City. This drew fevcral Perfons to the Houlc, ■which gvive mc an Opporturify of (peaking to them concerning God ; and of obierving, how unhappy they were, in not being acquainted wuii thefupreme Being, iole Author of all Good. They liflned at- tentively to nne, but were n . affected, not one of them then difcovering the leall Delirc to irn Chri- fiian. I had the Confolation however v baptize a Child who was dying, and had been broi Tjht me to cure. I likewife left a Man and his W .c, of the Sedt of the Lhiganifts, in a very good Difpofition of Mind. After having intruded them, I told the Huilxuid that he mufl: deliver up to mc the Lingan which Iiting about his Neck. Upon hearing this he changed Countenance, his Eyes flared fright- iiilly, and his Mouth continued half open :, in a "Word, he feemed quite another Man -, but I being very, urgent with him, he at lall obeyed, and gave me his Lingan. I'his is a m(;nflrous and abomina- ble Figure, which fomc of the Idolaters wear a- bout their Necks, ns an Indication of their Zeal and Devotion to a kind of Priaptts^ the moft infa- mous of all their Deities. I'hc Liii^anift\ Wife fliewed much more Fervency than her llufband ; jQie herfelf tearing from her own Neck, and from her Son's Arms, certain fuperftitious Writings which had been faflned to tliem. I baptized the Child. Before I left Alcatil^ I went and vifited a famous JJnganiJl Doflor, who had gained great Reputation in the whole Country ; and found him reading a Book where Mention is made of ''^e l^ord of Heaven and Earth. After the ufual Civilities, he aflced mc, whether icrince to n, and a and Ictc ics of our cli(Uir[>jd ' Ho life, 5 to them unhappy ; llipreme Hned at- )t one ot" irn Chri- baptize a ht me to , of the fpofitiori [ told the - Lingan ring this fright- 1 -, in a I beino; nd gave pomina- wear a- Mr Zeal oft infii- Wifc ifband ; id from s which fhild. famous u ration a Book ■leaven ed mc, hctlier TRAVELS Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. M580 (716) 873-4503 428 TRAVELS of tbe Jesuits. hut he had three Wives whom he tenderly ioved and the PafTion he entertained for them, would not permit him to follow the Light held out by me. Polyganry has ever been one of the greateft Ob(la^ cles, in the Eall, to the Convcrfion of the Idola- ters. I left one of my Catechifls in Alcatil^ to inftruft fuch Catechumens as I had made there, and refolved to purfue my Journey ftill weftward -, but met with great Obftacles on this Occafion. I heard that the Moon and Marafts *, were engaged in a cruel War in this Quarter •, and that all the Ways were ftopt. Pll then go northward^ fays I, immediately to thofe who (I thought) endeavoured to frighten me *, and after baving travelled towards that Point, for fome Time^ will turn to the South-wejl. They afllired me, that I IhoLild meet with no lefs Impediments in thofe Parts, on Account of the Revolt of the Paleaga- renSy who are petty Princes tributary to the Moors. I plainly perceived, by their manner of fpeaking, that their only View was to (lop my Journey, and prevent my going farther up into the Country. Re- gardlefs therefore of whatever they now faid, I im- plored the AfTiftance of Heaven, and fetout for Fe- loor, to the Weft of AlcatiL I entred this great City, accompanied with my Ca- techifts, fome of whom were Bramins, at one of whofe Houfes I lodged, which gained me no little Efteem, and made the Natives confider me as a Sanias, of great Authority. This being talked of in the City, the Dura -f, or Governor, attended by a confidera- ble number of Perfons of Diftin(5lion, came and paid me a Vi(it. I loon turned the Difcourfe to the Ibvereign Lord of all Things, and his wonderful Perfections •, on which Occafion the Dura liftned to • Thefe are Subjef^s of die faniciis Sevagtt w'.io, in the laft Age, made 1 imfelt" To fo;mi jable in I/:J:a, -j- Dureji in French. 3 «^e TS. ly loved i^ould not ' by me. ft Obfla, le Idola- inftruft refolved net with that the Liel War Tc ftopt. to thofe nej and ^or fome red me, in thofe Moors. eaking, ry, and ry. Re- I, I im- for Fe- rny Ca- f whofe Lfteem, lias, of e City, ifidera- le and : to the iderful ned to TRAVELS //*^ Jesuits. 429 me with Pleafure, and feemed, from his Converfa- tion, not to be far from the Kingdom of God. The Fortrefs of Feloor is one of the moft confide- rable in the whole Country. The Officers of this important Poft were then at Variance with the chief Bramins of the City. The Governor afkcd me, wlwther they would not be foon reconciled. I an- fwered, that it was abfolutely neccflkiry they fbould be Friends, and that as fpeedily as pofTiblc, fince the Moors (as I obferved) who furrounded them, took all the Advantages poflible of their Feuds •, that fe- veral Marafts were already gone over to them 5 and that they might naturally expedl a greater number would foon follow their Example. Tiic Governor, being well fatisfied with my Anfwer, difmifled me, after laying a thoufand civil Things, and affuring me I might depend upon his Protedioo. The Bra- minSy reffedling on the Advice I had ventured to give them, made an Alliance with the Officers of the Fortrefs, upon which an inviolable Friendfhip was promifed on each Side. I did not fail to com- pliment the Governor upon it ; and he was fo well pleafcd with my Condudt, that he gave me a Houfe, of which he himfclf put me in Pofleflion ; alfuring me, at the fame Time, that I fliould ftill find a greater Friend in him. Some Days after he fent for me, to aflc my Opinion about the Diftemper with which his Lady had been lately affiicled. Ac- cordingly I vifited her; and took that Opportunity to fpcak to her concerning Heaven, and the Ne- ceflity every pLtfon is under of endeavouring to favc his Soul. She lidcni'd attentively to my Difcourfe ; and I left her, feemingly well inclined with regard to thi Chrijlian Religion. As the Moors inleilcd all the Country, and fre» quer.tly made Incurfions to the very Gates of Veloor^ nothing was talked of but War ; and the People were entirely employed in m.iking Preparations to defend ! I 'M 1 / r 430 TRAVELS of the Jesuits; defend themfelves and rcpiilfc the Enemy ; and therefore I imagined it would be to no Purpofo to endeavour to fettle in that great City. For this Reafon I only baptized twelve or fifteen Panaf, and afterwards proceeded in my Journey wellvvard. The Face of the Country is bcautiTijl, and fccm- ed very populous ; but was much more fo before the Moors had ufurped it. Tho' their Troops were fpread up and down, they yet did me no Injury. I faw, in my Way, feveral little 1 owns ; and, a- mong the reft, Palicondy the Situation of which is delightful. The Rajas Putrcs^ or Lords of thofc Cities, received me with the utmoft Kindnels and Civility. The Princes in qieftion, who arc of a very illuftrious Caftc, came from the North, and fettling in thefe Parts, maintain themfelves by the Protedion of the Moors, whofe Inrereft they c- fpoufe. I have often converfed with thcfe Rajas, and always met with the kindeft Treatm. nt from them ; and they even went fo far as to declare, that they fhould be glad if fome Milfionary would fettle in their Territories. I afterwards went through a little Town called Kuriyetam, and took up my Quarters at a Tradef- man's Houfe. I there performed all the Exercifes of our holy Religion, and preached Chrift Jefus to his Family, which was very numerous ; as well as to many other Perfons who had never heard of our Saviour. The Tradefman ftruck with my Exhor- tations, brought me, with his own Hands, fome Flowers and Sanbrani, (u kind of Incenfe,) in or- der that I might offer it to the true God. I fhould have been overjoyed had this Heathen made an Offering of his Pcrfon ; but the Time for it was not come *. Two • In the thirtrf^ur Conferencfs hetiveen the Danldi M'J/iona- rieSf &c. pag. 34.1, is a Luic;r f.o.n a Hiuth.n tj uiie of theie Mif- TRAVELS of the Jesuits.' 4.31 IVo Days after I arrived at Erndurgam. This is a City, fituatcd near the long Ridire of Mountains, which ahnoft divides from one Extre- mity to the other, the great Peninfula of Indin^ on this Side of the Ganges *. I was ilopt at the Gate of this City -, and that, becaufe the famous Ram- Raja, wiio has atchieved lijch mighty Conquefts in India, iifcd formerly to feize upon feveral Towns and FortrelTcs by Surprize, difguifed in the Habit of a Santas, which I myfelf then wore. I told the Officers, that my only Views in coming to Erudttr- gain, was to preacii the true God there ; and to re- move the Mills of Ignorance, which clouded the Minds of that Pcop'e, with regard to their Salva- tion. My Aniwcr fatisfied them, for which Rea- Miflionarics, wherein the former gives the Reafons why the le- dians rejeft the Chridian Religion. *' You are much alloiijlhfd, fays the Heathen in his L-tter,) '* at our Intkiclity. But givs " us Leave to tell you, that you have not fufficiently proved our " Law to be fall'c and altogether erroneous ; nor io clearly and " evidently proved the 'f nitli of your own, that wc flioald in- *' confiderately change the Religion of oar Fathers, for that of " Foreigners and Sojourners in our Land: For I would have •* you know, that a<; tiie Clrifliam and Moha.njnrd.nts derive ** their Laws from Cod, fo do we : For certainly, you can'r *• imagine, that we liammered and forged a Religion to our- " fclvts, more than you. The Mohammedan will have his Re- ligion to be abfolutely the bi'ft ; the Chriftiam condemn ail but themfelves ; and we Malahariam think our Religion to be the belt for us ; at,d queition not but that the ChrijVmns *' may be faved, if they lead Lives conformable to the Precepts of their Religion. Which is the bell Religion, is a difficult Ta-k to knov; ; for even amonp ourlelves we have rr.anv dif-. ferent Opinions ; feme aflinning, that Ijitrfn is the fuprerne God, othtis Hand up fcr WijJjtnu ; and there are as many learned Men who plead fur the God Tj:hi-wir.5 ; and I tiiink 'tis Prudence not to trouble myfelf with the Truth or Falfity of your Religion, 'till I lint know which is the trued of :he maay Opinions relating to Religion, iliat we entertain here " am^ng ourlelves." Would it i.ave been pofiibic for an Eura- pean^ wi,o had gone through a rcj^^ular CoLrfc ot Education, to j.a^e aiifwcred nufi" pcrtii.ently i* • Thi:: mull be the M.-antain f/.j//^ c" B.tlligafr, i* 1 1 • t ( 4 K i( < ( <( <( «< !i ii n 432 TRAVELS of the Jesuits." fon they at laft let me in, after having made me wait a confiderable Time at the Gate. That very Evening I was vifitcd by a Mohammedan Doutor, and fome idolatrous Bramins. The former appear- ed to be a Perfon of Learning and Capacity, and afked me feveral judicious Queftions. He fpokc the T^amul Language with great Fluency and Ele- gance ; a Circumllance that no-wife furprized me, when I found that he was a Native of the Kingdom of Tanjaor. His whole Behaviour fpoke him a worthy Man ; I would gladly have won him over to our Religion ; but I ftaid only one Day in that Place ; and this Do6tor was a Mohammedan^ that is, a Perfon ftill more remote from the Kingdom of Heaven than the Heathens themfelvcs. I now met with great Difficulties in travelling; I being obliged to wander over Mountains which were almoft inacceflible ; infomuch that the Cate- chifts whom I had fent that Way, had been intimi- dated more than once at the Sight of them. They told me, that the Princes who live on the other Side of thofe Mountains, were at War j andconfe- quently that it would be highly imprudent for me t» venture, in fo dangerous a Seafon, travelling into an unknown Country. The Indians are naturally fear- ful, and feared almoft at their own Shadow. Ne- verthelefs, being regard lefs of all they could fay, I fet out for Peddu-nayahen^ durgam. Tho* *tis but half a Day's Journey from Erudurgam to this City, we yet fpent two Days in croffing dreadful Woods and Mountains, without knowing whither we were going, we having quite loft our Way. Be- fides our fufFering greatly by Hunger and Wcari- nefs, we were terrified at the Howling cf the Ty- gers, and other fierce Beafts which infeft thefe Mountains. In this Extremity we fell to Prayers, and had Recourfe to the blefled V^irgin, who fecmcd to hear us j for, an Inftant after, we ftruck into a W.ny which lade me lat very Doftor, appear - y, and 2 fpokc id Ele- led me, ingdom him a im over in that that is, hm of celling; which le Cate- intimi- They 5 other 1 confe- r met® into an y fear- , Ne- Id fay, 10* *tis to this -eadful 'hither y. Be- /Vcari- le Ty- thefe •s, and led to Way which TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 433 which led us to the right Road ; and even met with Perfons who were fo humane as to condufl us to the neighbouring Village. After taking a little Rtift, we at lafl crofl^d the high Mountains, of which we had been told fuch terrible Things; and went thro* a large To^^n, without feeing one Soul in it j all the Inhabitants having abandon'd it, for fear of the Moors who over-ran the Country. At lafl, after undergoing many Fatigues, we arrived at Peddu-nayaken-durgam^ a little Town,but at that Time very populous, occa- fioned by the great Number of People who flocked to it from the adjacent Farts ; fo that we could meet with no other Lodging than a poor Hut. Here we paft the Night very difagreeably j and, next Morning, I went to the Fortrefs, to pay my Com- pliments to the Prince. I was ftopt at the Door ; and could not be admitted to Audience^ till after ha- ving been queftioned by fome Bramins^ who afked me a Variety of Particulars ; and at laft conduced me thro' many Windings, to the Apartment of the Paleagaren. He feem'd a good fort of a Min, aud gave me a kind Reception ; upon which I pre- fented him with fome Fruits of the Countr)s and a little Piece of Jett'*, which is highly valued by the Indians. The Prince was feated ; and before him was a kind of little Sofa, which he defired me to fit down upon. Imagining it would not be po- lite for me to be feated higher than the Prince, I fpread my Tyger's Skin upon the Ground, as is the Cuftom of the Country ; and then feating myfelf, I inform*d him of the Occafion of my coming, in thefe or the like Words. " The only Motive, Sir, " Cfays I) of my leaving my Native Country, and " of coming hither (with infinite Fatigue) istodra'V your Subjefls out of the Darkncfs in which tc * The Foilll fo call'd. Ff «( they i!|l ,lf F i( (I tc «c C( (( cc C( cc C( (( (( &( (( 434 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. they have fo long been involved, by their wor- fliipping falfe Deities, which arc the Works of Mm. There is one only Sovereign Lord of all Things, who created Heaven and Earth. 'Tis til is fupremc Mailer of the Univerfe whom all Men ought to kno ' and obey. They mull fol- low his Law, in Cafe they dcfire to be eternally happy ; and 'tis in this holy Law that I am come to inlbud: your Subjects. In Gile they learn it3 Precepts, and adhere faithfully to them, all Feuds and Divifions will immediately ceafc, and Injiiftice and Cruelty will no longer prevail -, on the contrary, they will guide thcmfelvcs entirely by a Spirit of Charity, Piety, Juftice, and the " red of the Virtues. Faithful to the Monarch " who governs them, they will perform the fcve- " ral Duties they owe their Sovereign Lord, and *' by that Means attain fupreme Felicity." After explaining to him the chief Attributes of God, and infpiring him with a very advantageous Idea of the Chrijiian Morality, I implor'd- his Protedion. This he promifed me very gracioufly •, and thereupon or- der'd a Place to be ibught for, where I might be accommodated with a convenient Lodging; com- manding at the fame Time one of liis Officers to give me, as well as. my Companions, the requifite Refrcfliments for that Day. On the otlier fide of the Mountains abovemen- tloned, the only Language uied throughout the whole Country is the 7alank or Qinareen. I never- thelcfs found, near this City, a great Town croud- ed with Tcmukrs^ who had retirM rliicher to fccure t'liemlclvcs from the Cruelty of the Moors. I now was vifited by fcveral Bramenati^ or Wives of the Bramins. I'hey allied me various QuePiions, antl a- mong others, whether their Hufl\ind?, who were gone long Journies, would be fucccisful, and re- turn foon to their Native Cour.tiy. I declared, that I ?ir wor- 'orks of i of all 1. 'Tis horn all uiil fol- :ternally im come learn it3 em, all afc, and ail ; on entirely and the Vionarch he fevc- >rd, and • AfttT rod, and a of the n. This ipon or- light be : j com- Picers to requifite 3vemen- lout the never- croiid- fccLire I now s of the antl a- lo were and rc- Icclared, that TRAVELS of the]h%\5\'vs. 435 that I came not to impofe upon them, as their fall^ Do6lors did daily, who milled them by Fi6lions» which they piibliflicd with the utmofl Pride and Of- tentation ; but that my Dcfign was to fliew them the way to Heaven ; and point out the Methods nc- cefifary for their obtaining it, and at the fame Time fuch Poffeflions as were eternal. They liftned to me attentively ; and then faluted me with greatCivility, as they had done before, after which they with- drew, but without giving me the lead hopes of their ever becoming Converts. Several Perfons of lefs Quality, were afterwards urgent with me to in- ftru6t them ; and thefe were confcquently more tradable. Hence I was prompted to leave one of my Catechifls, to difpofe and prepare them forBap- tifm i and I myfelf promifcd to pals through their City at my Return. I afterwards went to Bairepalli^ where I found only one Man ; all the Inhabitants having aban- doned the Town for fear of the Moors. The next Day ! travelled to Tailur^ a little City belonging to another Paleagarcn. It has a pretty good Fortrefs, where I faid Mafs, and met with the Mailer of a Family who liften*d attentively to me, and tho* a Linganift^ feem'd earneftly defirous of working out his Salvation. I afterwards pafs*d by Sapoor\ a fmall Day's Journey from Tailur. Sapoor was for- merly a very populous City, but is now m 'ely a Village, where a great Number of Tamulers^ who retir'd thither fome Years fince, liftned to me with Pleafure, and promifed to make ufe of the Methods I pointed out to them, in order to get inftruded ia the Chrijlian Religion. The fame Day I arrived at Coralam, which the Moors have poflefs*d fome Time. Coralatn was one of the moft: confidcrable Cities in hdia •, and though its Magnificence and Splendor are very much leficn'd, 'tis ftill very large and p( pulous. F f 2 'Twas lii 1' ii ; : h' !i^ 436 TRAVELS of the Jesvits. 'Twas with great DifHciilty I got into it, and It was ftill harder for mc to] find a Place to lodge in. The Perfons with whom I rcfidcd, lillned to me with Plcaftirc, when I talk'd to them of God ; efpecially the Women, who faid, that they would turn ChriJ- tiansy provided their Hufbands would change alfo ; it being the Cuftom in thefe Countries, for the "Wives to profefs the fame Religion as their Huf- bands. For this Reafon, a Miffionary's firft Care is to win over the Matters of Families ; for thefe will make a greater Progrcfs, in a fhort Time, towards converting the Perlbns under them, than the molt fervent Catechifts could do ♦. I * According to the Account given by the Damjf} Mifllonarle?, llie Chrijiian Keiigion is taught, by fome of the Romanijis, in a very caicjefs and imperf'tft manner, to the Indians in this Part of the World. • U'he Poriugueze Miflionaries, in the Space of * about two hundred Years, brought over to the Romijh rerfua- * fion almoU all the Maritime Towns ; but now this feems to be * in a declining State ; for few of the Miflionaries learn the In- * dian Languages, fo as to be able to teach the Heathens ; but ' content themfelves with reading the Mafs in the Latin Tongue, * and truft the Natives with the important Office of Preaching. * But thefe are no Way qualified for fo high an Employment, ' they knowing nothing elfe but to repeat the Ten Command* * ments, the Lord's Prayer, and y^nte Maria^ and toHgn them- * felves with the Sign of the Crofs. Upon certain Feftivals the * Portugueze Fathers preach in their own Language, and that * but very feldom. There is no difciplinary Inftitution obferv'd * among thefe Chrifiiatis ; fo that they are more fcandaloufly * corrupted in their Manners than the Heathens themfelves; * and they fymbolize with them in moft of their Ceremonies ; * and there is little or no Difference between a Porfugueze Church * and a Heathen Pagod, with Regard to all outward Rites and * Ceremonies, and the idolatrous Worfliip of Images. 'Tis rea- * fonable to believe, that the fiill Miflionaries were heartily zea- * lous in pcrfuading their new Converts of the Neceffity of their * living holy and pious Lives, worthy of the Gofpel of Chrift ; * but fince the /'(?;7«^«^a;;»Empire in thefe Countries has been * dcltroy'd by the Dutch, the Roman Catholic Chri/tians have * but a mere Form of Godlinefs, without the Power thereof.* Thirtx-foji^- Covferen-ci ^j:ith the Danifh Mijp.onaries^ Sec. pa^e ' ' 348* %i TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 437 I had many long Conferences with a Bramitit who afk'd me feveral Qiieftions, and fpoke a m 11 hi- tude of Things concrning the God Bruma, I dc- monftrarcd to him, the great Extravagance and Ridicuioufnefs of the Ideas which he cntertain'd concerning the Deity, One Time he declared that Bruma had a Body, and another Time that he had none. " If Bruma (fays I) has a Body, how is it polTible for him to be prefent in all Places? And if he has none, how can you affirni that the Bramins fpriing from his Forehead, Kings from his Shoulders, and the re(t of the Cafles from the other Parts of his Body * " ? This Objc(!^ion puzzled cc 348, 349. Here we find the Prote/tant Miflionarics repronch- ing the Roinijh Ones with their RemiiTnefs, in inculcating the Gofpel. It docs not appear, from the Danijh Letter* wiience the above Particulars are extra£led,that the Dutch are any way To- licitous to propagate the Chrijtian Faith in their Colonies, the Letter- Writer in queftion obferving, page 3^7. * That, all the * Churches fuper-intended formerly in thefe Countries by the * P»r/«^»^2;^ Miflionaries, were brought over to the Z)a/f^ Difci- * plinc in the feveral Plantations, taken from the Portugueze by ' the Dutch. But in thefe Countries they have undertaken nothing * in Favour of the Chriftian Religion, though they have many * converted Indians^ whereof fome are Slaves.* The Romifh MiiTionaries muft neccffarily have one troublefome Task, from which moft of the Prote/tant Ones are exempt, I mean thtii teaching the Natives the Church- Service in Za//», which con- fequently is perplexing them with Prayers in a Language difFercnt from that in which they converfe with thofe Indians. Wha^ a motley Piece of Work is this f * In the firfl Conference of the Danijh Mifllonaries, pag, 2, and 3, a Bramin does not employ quite fuch wild AAertiot^s. * We allow, (fays the Bramin) but one primary and fovereiga ' Being, the Source and Fountain of all created Derivations, ' and the Principle of all other inferior diminutive Beings ; and * conilantly profefsthe great Triad of Deities, Ifuren^ Wifchtnu *- and Biruma^ acknowledge him for their fovereign Lord and * Mafter, as the great Number of other Gods aft under the Oi- * redion of the three forementioned Gods, Ifuren^ Wifchtnu and * Biruma : And this is the trueReafon why our lacred Books mal:c * frequent mention of a Plurality of Gods ; tho' really an i in Ff 3 • TiULh, \ i f! ft \'- l! II M 'I- 43^ TRAVELS r/ //;<• Ji, suits. puzzled him, and obligM him to leave me ; but he promifcd to return, wliich he accordingly did with a Moor. The Mocr who was a f^rcat 'I'r.ivt 1- ler, and had liv*d Three Years in Goa^ fix*d Jus Eyes upon me ; when railing his Voice, he cried a- Joud that I was a Pranguis f. Tliefe Words were as a Thunderbolt; I being pcrfuaded that this fm- gle Sufpicion would ruin all my Projects ; and ac- cordingly I was not mirtahcn. One of the chief Men of the City had offered, feme Days before, to build me a Houfe, where I Ihould be at full Liberty to j)erform rhc various Ex- crcifcs of our holy Religion, and feveral Pcrfons had promisM to be inftruded in it •, but the Mo- ment they heard what the Moor had laid, the No- tion of my being a Prangtds made fo ftrong an ImprefTion on their Minds, that they chang'd their Behaviour towards me in an Inliant. However, ihey ftill continued to treat me honourably, but lent Word that it was not yet a proper Seafon for making a Settlement 5 that there would foon be a Truth, they are all cf them but ^'^icegcrents, and Lieutenants fuper- intent: ing the Works of Creaiion, ar\cl the Aclions of Men in their rffpef^ive different Capacities, under the high Command of the prime Caufe ; whom we, in and through thcm» revere and worfhip : And our Adorations thus perform- fd, according; to iiis own Piefcriptions, are as acceptable to the fuprerae Keiiig, as if immediately direflcd to himfclf.' Ani pag. 7. ' Gog iiath created both Gcod and Evil. Vice and * Viituc, Happinefs and Mifcry, owe nil the Being they have ' to the prime Caufe, withf ^it whufe Will, nothing can exift * or have a Being in this World, For if ibmc Men are virtu- * ous and holy, ar.d others vicious and wicked, all this is but * the FfFc^tof the Will of God : And if \vc Malabarians are * millakcn in point of Religion, 'tis the Will of God well)culd * thus err.' Here* it appcarr, th^t \i\\t Malabarians \\^\e. fome true Idea of the Divjre Being, though intermixed with many Errorr, at the fame Time thac they are Fatalilts. -f- That is, an infamous Wrench, fuch as the Indians take the t.woptan$ to be. I believe the Word P>aii?uis^ is from Francus, 'Ml Euro-.eav, by wliich Name the Turh call the Wejiern Eurofcnns. 3 new TRAVELS of tbe Jksu ITS. 439 new Governor •, that it would he nccefTary to wait till he was cholen, and know his Opinion with iv- gard to tlie Matter, and that this could not he done till fomc Months after. I loon difcovcr'd, that all they laid to me was only a decent way ot difengapjing thcnifclves from their Promifc, mcrtly to get rid of mc. How defiroiis focver I was to begin a Settlement in Cornlavu where the Gofpel- Labourers might meet with fiifficicnt F.mploymcnt ; I yet cx)ncluded it would not be proper to continue any longer in a Place, where the Sufpicion of my being a Prnvguis^ might be attended with ill Confe- qucnces with regard to our Defigns-, and therefore I refolved to leave it immediately. I then found my- felf in the Center, as it were, of the inland Coun- tries, that is, at an equal Diftancc between the Qod^^^s i)'^ Cormandc I :\W(\ Malabar. I would gladly have continued my Journey lVeftward\ but the fear I was in of being known for a Pranguis^ and tlu* rainy Seafons drawing near, I, for that Reafon, re- folved to travel "Northivard^ in order to meet, at fome Pakagarcn^s, what I could never hope to find among the Moors *' Accordingly I left Coralam -, and the next Day, ftopt at Sonnakallu^ a Place furrounded with Moun- taiiis which fervc as a Defence to it. Here I had no Opportunity of feeing the Pakagarcn^ he having a DeHuxion in his P'yes ; but I paid my Coinpli- ment to his firft Minifter, who gave me an ho- nourable Reception. I difcoursM concerning our holy Religion to feveral Perfon^, who feem*d aile'^i- ed with v/hat I fiiid ; they defiring me to fend fomc Perfon to inftru^ft them. From thence I came to Ramafti -mutter oiUy a pret- ty confiderable City •, but before we entered it, my * Thcfe Moors or Moha'nwpJam have j^encially mrre Kilnvv- Icdge man iht: Heathens, fjr \vl\icli Rcaloii the MiiliCnaiici can fconer convert: tUe laucr. F f 4. C);vi 4 H ■I ■ ;l l( ■ r ^ 11 iri 44© TRAVELS of the ]tsvns: Companions and I halted, in order to reft ourfelves a little. We were no fooner feated, when a good Woman (a Widow) came up to us, to know who we were, and to enquire into our Defigns. We in- form'd her what they were •, and faid that we were Servants to the Sovereign J^ord of the Univerfe -, that we came to bring the Inhabitants of that City acquainted with him i and to (hew them the Way to Heaven, from which (we obferv*d)they were very remote, I added, that if ;iny Perfon would be fo kind, as to affift us in building a Temple to the So- vereign Lord in that Place, I would make feme ftay in it •, and afterwards leave certain of my Difci- pies there, to teach fuch as were defirous of being inftrufled in our Religion, The Widow was pleafed with the Propofal, and immediately offered me a fmall Houfe belonging to her, but ftanding out of the City. lobferv'd, that if we liv'd in the City, we fhould difcharge our feveral Duties with greater Convenience to ourfelves, and more to the Advantage of the Inhabitants. She replied, that I was in the right ; that ihe herfelf would be at the Expence of the Building -, and that, a few Months from thence, I need but fend fome of my People to her, to complete the Affair. I thank'd the Widow for her Good-will, and promised to let her hear from me. I afterwards travell'd to Punganoor, which, the* a large and very populous City, and the Capital of the Country, is yet dirty and ill-built. On the Morrow I went to the Ahadar^ who is the Prime Minifter, and, as it were Mafter of the Kingdom 5 the Monarch being but young, and feidom Itirjring out of the Fortrefs, wherein he refides with the Queen his Mother. The Jhadar, who was fur- rounded with a great Number of Bratnins^ rcceivM me very gracioully. I defir*d him to prefent me \Q the King, but he anfwer'd, that this was not a TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 441 a proper Time ; and that I could not have an Op- portunity of feeing him, till the Feftival, then fo- lemnizing with great Pomp, was ended. This forc*d me to make a longer ftay in Punganoor than I fhould otherwife have done. I preach*d Chrift in the middle of that great City ; and the Inhabitants at- tended to me ; but as moft of them were LinganiJiSy they were little afteded with my Difcourfes. I con- verted only one Woman, with her four Children ; together with a young Man of a happy Difpofiiion, in the Service of a Nobleman, a Moor. This Youth refolved to leave his Mafler, and retire to his Na- tive Country, there to profefs the Chriftian Religion. When I had been about a Fortnight in Punga-^ noor^ the Akadar fent me Word, that Leave was granted me to raife a Church to the true God, up- on any Spot I might chufe for that Purpofe. I wanted to be admitted to the young -King and his Mother, in hopes of winning over that Princefs, of whom the greateft Charadler had been given me, to Chrift j but in fpite of all my Endeavours I was not permitted to fee them. A Tamuler, a Man of good Senfe, afTured me, that the Reafon of my being refufed on that Qccafion, was the Ahadafs fearing I Ihould cenfure the King about the Lm- gan^ which ne had wore many Years round his Neck i but I am perfuaded that could I have been able to make fome Prefents to the Monarch, and the Queen his Mother, I Ihould eafily have procur'd the wi(hM-for Audience. Bvifore I left this great City, I baptiz'd Three Children of the Woman above-mentioned. With regard to the Woman herfelf, as fhe had long wore the Lingan^ I thought it neceifary to make her go through a longer Probation, as like wife her eldeil Son, whom I took into my Service, in hopes of one Day making him an excellent Catcchift ; for, befides that already he was Mafter of levcral Lan- 2 guages. ;,:i iifl lil i'fi' I j if I J:| i 442 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. guages, he could read and write the ^avitil Tongue; with great Accuracy. As I was preparing to bap- tize thefe Three Catechumens^ ten or twelve Tamu- lers entered the Room, where the Ceremony was to be perform'd. Their Air and manner furprizM me, each of them holding in his Hand, one of the In- ilruments ufed in Building. Imagining they were fent in order to raife an Edifice to rhe true God, I enquir'd whether they really came for that Purpofe. *' We would gladly contribute to it," replied thefe honeft People, " and fhould be delighted to fhare *' in fo holy a Work •, but all we can offer you is *' our Hands, and are extremely forry wc have no- *' thing elfe to offer." I thank'd them for their pious Intention, and defir'd them to indulge it me on another Occafion. They were prefent at the Baptifm of the Three Catechumens^ at which they feem*d greatly edified •, fo that they entreated me to leave one of my Catechifts to inftrudl them, which I did with Pleafure. My Defign, at my leaving Punganoor, was to go to Terapadi. This is a famous Pagod, towards the North, whither the Heathens go in Pilgrimage from all Parts of India^ and carry confiderable Pre- fents •, but I refleded that among the multitude of People who go thither on that Occafion, I might happen to meet with fomc Perfon who would de- clare me to be a Pranguis^ and thereby entirely deftroy the Work of God, for which Reafon I rcfolved to return to Taiiur. But this could not be done without great Difficulty , I being o- blig*d to fetch a long Compafs about, to avoid the Moors^ who laid wade all the Country. After travelling a confiderable Time, I ftopp*d at a Pon ', in order to reft myfelf, which an ancient Woman perceiving, came and fat down pretty near me. I fpoke to her concerning her Salvation, and the Hazard flie run of being loft to all Eternity. She liftnc4 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 44J llftned with the utmoft Attention, and in all Ap- pearance, with great Sentiments of Piety. She un- derftood perfedly the Particulars I inculcated, and repeated them exadlly ; whence I perceived that, at the fame Time that my Words ftruck upon her Ear, the holy Spirit inftrudled her inwardly, and caufed her to approve of every Thing I faid. She feem'd exceedingly defirous of being baptized •, but I ma- king fome Scruple to comply with her Wi flics, fhe reprefented, that as fhe was near an hundred Years of age, and opprefled with Infirmities, fhe could not polTibly be conveyed to any Chriftian Church, and confequently would be in imminent Danger of never receiving that Sacrament, which is neccflliry to Sal- vation ; and obferved farther, that I might be pcr- fuaded, 'twas for this Rcafon that God had con- duced my Steps to the Pond- fide. She conjured me, with a Flood of Tears, not to refufe her carnefl: Rcqueft j adding, that as I found her fufFicicntly inftrudled, I furely could not but yield to htT earnell Intreaties, and baptize her with the fame Water, to which the Lord, by fo peculiar a Provider.ce, had led us both. I then complied ; on which Occafion, Baptifm feemed to give new Vigour to her Body, and difFufe inexhauftible Joy over her Soul. I took up my Abode at Tailur, with my former Hofl, who received me in the beft Manner he could. Though a Lir?ganifl^ I left him in a very good Frame of Mind. If he becomes a Convert to Chriftianity, as he promifed he would, I am certain he will win over a great number of his Countrymen to our holy Religion ; and that his Family, which is very nu- merous, will follow his Example. I returned by Peddu-nayaken durgam^ and left two of my Difcipies * there, this being a Country where * The Reader may have obferved on thefe Occafions, how apt thefe Jefuits are lo e^^irefs themfclves in the Style of thj full Apoftles. great '<■ l\y ■\-i ?• , :\ I , I" 444 TRAVELS ^/^ Cicling owned Pa- . laid, tlvit a Plain of Rock, out dings con- leir leveral olid Reck. h, and re- tjious num- ft; tiiem are Mfc voluminous »F tats of the fm , ^'c. that ft. ' b.rren fo- K Art. "The ■; , carry the » rvoirs dug W d Grotto's, B rellive Heat f /ith large, ■ ns, built at J Galleries, ones. The 'I riles being ; :llow, and '\ •, Handing j-^ of wiiich r* n the Cen. fquare Fi- ^ :, and the ^^' imals and ^^ :fcribcd a- M he Devo- m- he railing W lol-prieils, £ t:duii:y of p'- ■image to R. , on the m that the ^' fool'd by , 1 ^'"'^'^S^' t 1 is r TRAVELS of /fe Jesuits. 457 is not high enough, a Fault we fee in all the Tem- ples of India. 'Tis fupported by various Pillars, carved in a good Tafte enough, and all of one Stone. The Portico, or Entrance into the Tem- ple, and which extends the whole Breadth of it, is fupported in like Manner by eight Stone Columns, carved. The Bafes and Capitals of thefe Columns are in a different Tafte from ours, but 'tis no ways barbarous, and would pleafe in Europe. There is not one Window in this Temple, which is built of fine Free-ftone. The deep Gloom and horrid Stench found in this Place, feemed to denote its being con- fecrated to the Devil. I paft the Night under the Portico. The Water brought me thither to refrefh me, fmelt as flrong as if taken from a common Sewer •, fo that I could not tafte it •, .and therefore would not take any Suftenancefor fear of increafing my Thirft. I proceeded in my Journey next Day, and went and lay in a Village, where I hoped to meet with fome Refreftiments : But the W^ar which infefted the Country, had obliged all the Inhabitants to fly from it, fo that I was forced to pafs that Night likewife without eating. Neverthelefs, I fet out from thence, on the Morrow (being Sunday) long before Day-break, in order to fay Mafs in a little Church, which our Fathers had builr, not long before, in the Middle of the Woods. As foon as I was arrived there, and had informed the Chrifiians of my Defign, they intreatcd me to allow them Time to affembie all the Converts in the Neighbourhood ; and thefe came accordingly, but in fuch Numbers, that the Church was not large enough to contain them all. Words could fcarce defcribe the Joy which thefe Neophytes difcovered, at their being fo happy as to hear Mafs *. I confefTed the Sick, and * The Jtfuits are thought to enlarge pretty much, when Chey rncnaon the mighty Progrefs they make in their Conver- f:ons. lis i: if! J: i{ : 11 " I! '458 TRAVELS ^/iJ^ Jesuits. and was going to fet out, when there arrived a Croiiii of Chrijliansy from a Town fituated at the DIftance of three Hours Walk' from thence, who invited me to fpend fome Days with them. I told them that I would very gladly have vifited them, but that this was no ways a proper Seafon, I having been aflfured that the Army would march in a few Days through their City ; and that as I had crofled the Woods purpofely to avoid meeting it, 'twould be imprudent in me to run myfelf unneceflarily into Danger, which, by the Goodnefs of Providence, I had efcaped hitherto. I concluded with faying, that as I knew one of our Fathers had vifited them lately, I therefore defired them to give me Leave fions, as well as the Honours which they declare to be paid them, and the mighty Civilities they meet with. Notwithltanding what we were told by the Jefuits, concern- ing the fpreading of the Chriftian Faith in Tonquin^ and the ma- ny Churches built by them in that Kingdom, yet our Country- man Dampier informs us, that when he was there, the Miffio- naries declared to him, that the King of that Country, and the great Men, were utter Enemies to the Chn/iian Religion, and that none but the poorer Sort of People embraced it ; and Dam- pier is of Opinion, that thefe were brought over merely becaufe of the Rice given them by the Miflionaries, who (we are told) did not dare to avow their Miffion openly, but relided in Ton- quin in Quality of Merchants, and were not fuffered to live in Cachao, except when the Mandarins fent for them, in order to be inltrudted in the Mathematick?, or to get their Clocks or Watches mended, on which Occafions the Fathers ufed to make Converts. An Author, inferted in the religioui CitJIoms atrd Ce- remonies of all Nations^ illujlrated ivith figures hy Picart, Vol. III. pag. 271, London^ i73i> fok cbferves, ** that the loweft " Chrijiians or Pariah, are held in the utmoft Contempt by the •* relt of the Indians, who know very well, that moil of ihofe ** who embrace Chriflianity, are a Sett of beggarly Creatures ; ** for which Reafcn they call them Chriftiams /" Arosy or Rice Chrijiians, thereby intimating, that the fole Motive why they change their Religion is, to procure themfelves the Ne- ceflarics of Life with greater Eale, and to be fu-e of fome *' Rice to ear, there being no Bread in this Country". If this be true, the Zeal of thefe Converts may be lefolved into that vulgar Expreffion, Cupboard- Love. to <( ( ( *( rs. d a Croiifcl e DIftance ivited me icm that I but that ^ing been few Days •ofTed the would be Farily into '■idence, I h faying, ited them nie Leave » paid them, ts, concern- and the ma- ur Country- the Miffio- ry, and the ligion, and and Dam- ely becaufe 'e are told) ed in Tow- to live in in Order to Clocks or d to make ms and Ce- cart. Vol. the loweft npt by the t of thofe Creatures ; , or Rice xive why :s the Ne- e of fome If this inio that to I: TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 459 to proceed in my Journey. They yielded to my Intreaties, but with Regret, and conjured me to pray for them. I arrived, Days Jc thence. nne. le ul our ourney tr ence of one naries, but did not find him there ; the Father be- ing gone, fome Months before, upon his Vifitation, among the Chriflians of the Mountains of Madura i but I had the Confolation to meet with Father Bou-r chet, who was come to adminifter the Laft Sacra- ments to a Chrijlian in his expiring Moments, and had expelled me four or five Days. Tho' I had feen this ilkiftrious MifTionary before in Pondichery^ I now embraced him with frefh Teftimonies of Ten- dernefs and Refpedt, for his having been To inftru- mental in getting me received into that MilFion. As he had been perfecuted not above three Months before, and was not quite recovered of a Fit of Sicknefs, with which he was afterwards afflided, he looked very pale and weak. Here follows the Occa- fion of his being perfecuted. Three Qitechifts forgetting their Duty, and the facred Charafter of the Miniftry with which they were invefted, were guilty of fuch diifolute Pradi- ces, that it was judged neceflary to diveft them of their Employments. Thefe Wretches, inftead of profiting by the fage Admonitions which were given them, and reforming their Lives, threw off the Mafk, turned Apoftates, andrefolved to ruin both the Miflionaries and the Miflion. To fucceed in their detefl:able Defign, they brought three Acculations a- gainft the Gofpel-preachers. Firft, that they were Pranguis, or Europeans •, an infamous Sett of Peo- ple, who confequently muil be hated by the whole Nation. Secondly, that tho' they had been long fettled in the Kingdom, and had the Diredion and Government of a great number of Churches, they had never paid the leaft Thino; to the Kino;. yet M\ :J k I Thirdly, 460 TRAVELS of the Jesuits.' Thirdly, that our Miflionarics afladlnated a Friar of another Order, which (they declared) had made them fo odious to the Pope, that he had refiifcd to canonize Father John de BritOy who fell a Martyr to the Faith in Marava. Though this was a fhock- ing and ridiculous Calumny ; (the Friar whom they pretended had been afTaflTmated being then at Surat^ in his Return from Rome^ where his Holinefs had made him a Bifhop -,) it neverthelefs was greatly to be feared, as the wretched Apoftates in queftion of- fered to give the Prince twenty thoufand Crowns, provided he would extirpate the Chrijiiam, that they at laft would prevail to get all the Gofpel- labourers baniihed the Kingdom, efpecially Fa- ther Botichet, againft whom they had a particular Spite. This zealous Miflionary had firft Recourfe to God, to implore his Protedlion ; and then, in order to prevent thefe pernicious Defigns from taking effect, he refolved to go and falute the Prince Re- gent, and implore his Protection. This was fo bold a Step, that no Miflionary had ever prefumed to take it, left the Colour of his Face Ihould betray and difcover him to be an European-, the Prince above- mentioned detefting the Pranguis to fuch a Degree, that, notwithftanding his being engaged in a dange- rous War, he yet had difmified from his Servif i not long before, fome very fkilful Gunners (whofe Afliftance, one would have concluded, he abfolute- 3y wanted) the Moment he heard they were Eu^ ropeans. But Father Boucbel, putting his whole Confidence in the Almighty, prepared his Prefcnts, went to the City, and proceeded to the Palace, where he delircd an Audience of the Prince, who, as A^ai- ob- fcrvcd, governs under the Queen *. This Princefs, Guardian * T/jis Princtfi's Name is Mangamal. She hady by Khi^ Clocaiuda-naiken her Ihabaud, a Sotif named Renga muttu vira> n TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 461 Guardian of the Realm, educates very carefully her Grandfon, a Prince about fourteen or fifteen Years of Age, to whom the Kingdom belongs ; Ihc, ac the fame Time, entrufling the Talavai^ or Prince- Regent, entirely with the Adminiftration, of which he is abfolute Mafter. This Regent's Condud is lb very lagacious and equitable, that he is thought to be the greateft Minifter that ever governed Ma- dura. But how difinterefted foever this Prince might be, yet Father Bouchet imagined it would be improper to appear before him, without obferving the Cere- monial of the Country, that is, without making fome Prefents *. Thofe prepared by the Miflio- nary were of no great Value, but then they were of a new Kind, and all he could beftow. He had brought with him a terreftrial Globe, about two Foot diameter, on which the Names of the feveral Kingdoms, Provinces, Coafts, and Seas, were writ in the Tamul Language ; another Globe, of Glafs» about nine Inches diameter, cut within like Look- ing-glalTes ; fome multiplying and burning GlalTes ; feveral Chineze Curiofities fent him from Cormandcl-y many Bracelets, of Jet, adorned with Silver ; a Cock made with Shells, very neatly and Ikilfully wrought : To conclude, feveral common Looking- glafles, and fuch Curiofities which they had either purchafed, or received as Prefents. The Father al- io concluded, that it would be neceflfary to obtain the Favour of fome Courtiers, in order that they might fpeak in his Behalf, and procure him a fa- vourable Audience j it being of the utmoft Impor- vira-Krifnapa naiken, (how uncouth are thefe Names !) ^ 'very ■bromJjing PrincCi tvho died of the Small Pox ; lea'vivg his ^tecn ivith Child of a Softt nvho is fiorv King of Aladura, wider tht Guardianfjip of his Grandmother. * Thus we fee, that a Spirit of Venality infinuntcn Itfelf evca into Courts fituated in the mi ii remote Cc unifies, wliofe Inha- bitants are not refined into Vice by Education, n-.r have fcarte any Correfpyndence with other Nauons I tance, % II ''•■ i 111' 1 1 'ti % I \ ! ! .iiil 462 TRAVELS of the jESVits, tance, both for the Honour of Religion, and the Good of the Church of Madura, that the Dodors of the holy Law fhould be received with Diftinc- tion the firft Time they appeared at Court -, a Cir- cumftance which would enforce the Authority of their Miniftry in the Minds of the common People, who obey implicitly the Will and Inclinations of their Sovereign *. The Father having thus taken all the prudent Meafures he judged neceflary, in order to fucceed in his Dcfign, repofed the utmoft Confidence in God) in whofe Hands are the Hearts of Princes, which he difpofes of at Pleafure. He was not mif- taken, the Talavai, or Prince-Regent, receiving him with greater Honour and Diftinftion than he could poflibly have expedled. The Prince not only rofe up the Moment the Father appeared, but fa- luted him in the fame Manner as Difciples here fa- lute their Mailers, and the common People their Lords 5 which is performed, by joining both Hands, and then raifing them to the Forehead. Father Bouchet, to maintain his Charafter, and return this favourable Reception, faluted the Prince as Matters do their Difciples, by opening his Hands, and llretching them towards the Prince, by way of re- ceiving him. The Regent then caufed the Miflio- nary to fit down by him, on a Kind of Sofa, with this Mark of Diftindion, that the Sofa being too narrow for twoPerfbns to be feated conveniently upon it, the Prince ftraitned himfelf ; made the Father fit by him, and even laid his Knees on thofe of the Father. * The Jefuits are confidered as fupreme Politicians on thefe Occafions, no Sett of People being better verfed in the Arts of Infmuation : And 'tis no woiider they fliould be able to ingra- tiate themfelves at the Courts of thefe Indian Princes, fince they find Means to glide into others, where Learning, and the polite Ax\fi, are in the mod Houri thing State. TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 465 A Man mud be as well acquainted, as we are, with the Cuftoms of this Country ; and the natural Deteftation which the Natives of it, efpecially the Bramins, bear to the Europeans *, to have a perfect Idea of the very honourable Reception which *he Father met with on this Occafion. The Fau.er himfelf was aftonifhed at it, as likewife the whole Court, which was vaftly numerous, there being, that Day, upwards of five hundred Perfons, the greateft Part of whom were Bramins. The Father being thus feated, made his Compliments. He then declared that he was come from the North, and from the mighty City of Rome^ to inftru6b the Inliabitants of this Kingdom in the fupreme Being, and in his holy Law. That having been for feveral Years, a Witnefs of his heroic Anions, and the many Vidories he had gained over his Enemies, he therefore was extremely defirous of feeing fo great a Prince, and imploring his Protedion in Favour of his Miniftry. That as one of the principal Arti- cles of the Law inculcated by him, obliged Subjedls to pay the ftridlefl Obedience to their Sovereign, and to be inviolably attached to them, he might be aflured of his Fidelity, a Duty which he did not fail to recommend earneftly to all his Difciples. The Prince replied, that the God he worlhipped mull be very powerful, and deferve the higheft Ho- * In the thirtv-four Conferences hettveen the Danifti MlJJicna- rles, Sec. p. 276, a Biamin gives the following Reafon, why the Indians bear fo great a Hatred to the Europeans. ** And becaufe you £«/o/^^»j drink ftrong Liquors, and kill and eat your Fellow-creatures, endued with five Senfes as well as yourfelves ; I confefs we have an inbred Averfion for you, and :11 that belongs to you". The Bramin had faid a little before ; •* Nature has plentifully provided us with other Food, ** fo that we have no need of eating our Fellow-creatures ; and *' 'tis written in our Law, that thefe very Creatures, if devour- ** ed by Man in this World, will be their Tormentors in the •* next, biting and tearing them with their Teeth, or trampling ** them under Foot''. noun, ICC I' ili \ U ■i -I wM 1 • ^ '1'' iM il: 4^4 TRAVELS ^ //j^ Jesuits. nours, fince it had prompted Co worthy a PcrHjn to undertake fo long a Voyage, foleiy in the View ot making him known to a People, who had never heard of his Name *. That his (the Millionary's) thin pale Cheeks, plainly proved him to lead a very mortified Life •, and that the Prclents he brouc^ht with him plainly fhewed, that Ncccflity had not forced him to quit his native Country. That he had already heard the mod advantageous Particulars concerning his Learning and good Senfe. That as * We find, in like Manner, in the Cotifcvcvceiof the Danifh MiJJtonarieSf pag. 274, ds* feq. that the Bramius were greaily offended at the Freedom which the Millionary rook, in rcfuiin'» their Idolatry, the Bramin obfcrvinp;, " that it was a Pitce of •• great Infolence to blafpheme their Gods and Religion ; and ** that fuch high Crimes were intolerable". However, it ap- pears that the Malabarian Prince, before whom they were tiien difputing, efpoufed the Miflionary and the Cbrijiian Caufe, he addiefling himfelf thus to the Miffionary, pag. 275. *' Your De- *' fign is laudable ; for 'tis but reafonable chat wife Men fliould '* communicate their Wifdom to tlie Ignorant ; and in fo doing, *' they render great Service to their Generation ; and therefcrj *• wiih, that there were more fuch learned and pious Men in th s ** Country, to teach the People the true way to Happinefs". It appears by this Conference, that the Proteftant Milfionary was treated with great Kindnefs by the Piince ; " I was rcciiv- •' cd (fays the former) very civilly; entef.ained with delicats *' Fruits, and made to fit down in a Chair after the Manner of ** Europe, pag. 273". This Malabarian Prince feemcd more inquifitive than one would have imagined, confidering the Igno. ranee which prevails in thefe Countries.. " He asked me fe- *' veral Queltions (continues the MitTionary, pag. 274.) in rela- ** tion to Europe ; and whether his Danijh Majeily (my gracious ** Sovereign) was yet living ? How numerous was the royal Fa- *' mily ? Of the Extent of the Danifh Dominions ? Of the ** Strong-holds and fortified Places ? Of the Maritime and Land- forces } How many Kings there were in Europe ? And whe- ther other Nations befides Da?!rs, French, Englijh, Dutchy and Portuguese, Could come to India P Which of thefe were moll powerful ? If the Air was fo temperate in Europe, thai the Indians might live therein as the Europeans do in India F And •* \i iiW t\\G Europeans viQve ChriJIians"" ? Here we have a //t-«- then Prince, un-improvcd by L-jarning, asking mure pertinent Quellions than fome European Princcb, vvitli ail the Advantages of Education, would have done. the 4( • ( (( i< f i" i TRA VELS f///5(f jEsuirt. ^65 the Multiplicity of his Affairs would not give iin» Leifure to underftand, in the Manner he could jfli, the Explication of the Figures drawn ib artfully on the Globe he had brought ; he therefore had fcnt for the mod famous Allrologer in the Kingdom to difcourle with him upon it, in order that he might learn the Ules of this wonderful Machine. That perceiving, among his Prefcnts, fome Things which could not fail of pleafmg the Queen, he therefore would leave him a Moment, and go and prcfent them to her Majefly with his own Hand. The Prince then rofe up, and ordered fome of the Courtiers to take the Father into the Garden, and keep him Company till his Return. The Queen, being delighted with the Novelty of the Prefcnts, received them with great Teftimonies of Joy, and commended them highly-. Above all Ihe admired the Glds Globe, the Bracelets, and the Cock wrought in Shells, info much that jflie could fcarce take her Eyes from them. She therefore de- fired the Regent to thank the foreign Doctor, in her Name ; to pay him every Kind of Honour, and to comply with all his Requefts. As Rither Bouchet had vanifhed from Court, as it were, unci been led into the Garden, a Report prevailed, in the Palace, and the Cicy, that he was feized and thrown into Prilbn. This News proved a Subje6t of Triumph for fome little Time, to the Enemies of our holy Religion ; and threw the Cbri- ftians into the utmoft Confternation, they waiting with great Uneafinefs to hear the Succefs of this Vi- fit. However, their Sorrow was foon changed into Joy : For the Prince, at his Return from the Queen's Apartment, received the Father, in Prefcnce of the whole Court, with the like Honours as are paid to Embaffadors, that is, he put upon his Head, in Form of a Veil, a Piece of Gold Brocade, about eight Foot long, and fhed over him fome fweet- H h fmdling Ml !!!:ll! I i I ll Ui n'ii li m . ii' 466 TRAVELS of the Jesuits; fmclling Waters ; after which he declared, that he was cxprcfiy ordered by. the Queen to grant hini c- very Thing he defired. Had the Father tiicn thought proper to infinu- ate a Word or two concerning the Catcchift Apo- Aates, wlio, ior fo many Months, had occafioncd llich Didiirbances, and given fo much Scandal to his Churcii, the Prince would certainly have puniiTi- ed them fevcrely, and perhaps baniflied them the Kingdom -, but the Millionary, animated with the Spirit of his Lord and Mafter, and calling to mind that he was a Father, would not deftroy his Chil- dren, though they had been fo ungrateful and trea- cherous with regard to Chrifl: and his Church. He therefore contented himfelf with preventing, by his Vifitation, their doing any farther Prejudice to the Church, or from impofing upon the People by Ca- lumnies and horrid Accufations *. For this Reafon, after aflfuring the Prince that he retained the deepeft Senfeof his Favours, he again begged his Protcdtion for himfelf and his Difciples, affuring him, that they in return for aI^his Goodnefs, would daily implore the Lord of Heaven and Earth, whom they wor- fhipped, to (hower down his choiccft Bleflings up- on, and give him the Vi£lory over his Enemies. The Prince promifed not to forget him ; when after faluting him in the fame manner as at firft, he with- drew, commanding his Officers to let the Father be carried through every part of the City, in the fineft Court-palankin, to fliew the World that he honour- ed this foreign Dodor, and indulged him his Pro- tedion. The Modefty of Father Bouchet was put to a great Trial on this Occafion. He debated within * Perhaps thefe Charges brought againft the Catechifts are true, perhaps not. The only Way to be certain on this Occa- fion, would be to have heard the other Party, according to the Motto writ (I think) over the Senate- houfe of Venice ^ Audi & aUerafn Partem i i. e. Hear both Sides, him- ( 2d, that he rant him e- to infinu- chift Apo- occafioncd Scandal to ive punifh- them the d with the ig to mind y his Chil- li and trca- .irch. He ng, by his lice to the iple by Ca- lls Reafon, :he deepcft Protection that they y implore hey wor- :flings up- Enemies, ^hen after he with- Father be the finefl: le honour- n his Pro- put to a ed within atechifts are this Occa- rding to the i TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 467 himfelf, whether it was not incumbcnton him tore- fule the* public Honour now offered him ; but after pouring forth his Heart before the Lord,he imagin'd It was neceflary for his Glory, and the Honour of the Chrijlian Religion, that all the Inhabitants of that Capital Ihould plainly fee, that the Prince cftecm'd the Religion he taught \ and that it would find a Prote6lor in him, when wanted. He therefore got into the Palunkin ; and permitted the Indians to car- ry hini through every Part of the City, with Mu- fic playing before him *. This Pomp loon drew numbcrlels Multitudes of People into the Streets, through which he pafled, they all faluting him in the mod refpeftful manner. The ChriJiianSy who till now, were afraid that their Religion would be defpifed and cenfured by the Prince, crouded after the Miflionary with Acclamations, and the higheft Demortftrations of Joy \ publifhing aloud that they * The famous Traveller, Pietro della Valky inveighs "againfl: the Effeminacy of the Palanquins^ he faying, * That Men are * forbid, in all the Territories of the Portugueze in India, to ' go in them ; and indeed they are tod foft and effeminate a Ve* * hide. Neverthelefs, as the Portugueze pay little or no Obedi- * ence to their Lavys, they, either upon Pretence of Rain, * or by Favour, or Prefents, have prevail'd fo far, that moll of * them are carried in Palanquins all the Year round.' Vandare in Palanchino, nelle terre di Portoghefi in India, Jt prohibifce agU huominit perche in *uera e cofa troppo poltronefca : Tuttavia, come i Portoghefi /on pochijjimo Ojfei'vatori di tutte le lor leggi, con occajione delle piogge priina^ e per fa'vopi, o per prefenti, comin- ciano ad haverne licenza; e poi kpoco a poco Ji Jlarga, che al fine (i fvan quaji tutti, e tutto PAnno. De' Fiaggi di Pietro della Valte il Pellegrino, Parte III. pag. 134, 13^, in Roma:, 1663,4/0. He had before exclaim'd againll this kind of Vehicle, in the preced- ing Volume, pag. 24. ^efio modo di andare, il piu poltronefca the to mat hahbia 'veduto, i. e. * This is the mod idlcj eflTemi- * nate way of carrying I ever faw in my Life.' What would our renowned Traveller have faid, had he ^een Father Bouchet in his Palanquin, and Mufic playing before him. We are told, indeed, that his Modefty fufferM greatly. Perhaps it did ; but many accufe the Jefuits of being too fond of worldly Honou' .,, on thefe and other Occafions. H h 2 were .;'i !' Ilv .1. illii (111. it 463 TRAVELS!?/ the Jesuits. were Chriftians^ and Difciples of the foreign Dodlor. I'hc Succefs of this kind of Triumph itrengthned the Neophytes in their Faith, and prompted a great Number of Idolaters to beg to be baptized. Not fatisfied with carrying R thcr Bcuchct through the whole City of TrUhirapciIi -, they likewife conveyM him in tliis innner, to the Place of his Abode, which is about four I^eagnes from the Capital. The Moment he arrived there, he aflfembled the ChriJ' tians in the Church, dedicated to the bleflcd Vir- gin, in order that they all might return Thanks to God, for this fignal BlefTing. But the Voice of God which fo evidently defend- ed the Father againfi: his Slanderers, did not make the I'^aft Impreflion on the Hearts of the Three Apoftates. They were again urged to return to their Duty ; and to leave off their bafe Prac- tices, for fear of meeting a mofl fevere Punifhment. However, they fiill continued obflinate; infomuch that the Father was forced to read publickly the Sentence of Excommunication, which one of our Miffionaries had before pronounced againft them. As this Was the firll Inftance of fuch a kind of Severity practifed in thole Countries, the Chrijlians were ftrongly affeded with it ; when looking uport thefe three Rebels, as rotten Members, fince they were cut off from the Church, they refufed to i)ave the leaft Correfpondcnce with them. But now thefe unhappy Wretches, who had hitherto continued dead to all Refledion, were ftrongly affeded with thfslaft Circumftance, which, at one and the fame Time, made them odious to the Chnftians^ and ex- posed them to the feoff of the Heathens^ who point- ing at them would cry, " There are the Men who " betray'd their Doctors," that is, according to the Idea which thefe Indians have of Treachery, " There " ars; the moll wicked Men upon Earth ; Men whofe (( I I TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 469 ** whofe Souls are of the blackclL Dye ^■'*. How- ever, two of them, unable to bear thcfe 1 aunts any Jonger, after continuing fix Months in a State of Rebellion, came and threv/ themfelvcs at the Father's Feet, being fincerely grieved at their Apo- ftacy, and the fad Evils they had endeavoured to bring upon this Infant Church, The Father who had long wifhed for the Return of thefe flray'd Sheep, receiv'd thtm in the Fold with Indulgence ; and after they had made a public ConfefTion in the Church, and begg'd Pardon for their bafe Dcfer- tion, and their barbarous Calumnies, they received Abfoiution, and vvxrc again admitted into the Num- ber of the Faithful. As for the Third, he per- fever*d in his Apoftacy ; and in all Probability will never repent, unlefs Heaven fhould plcafe to al- moft work a Miracle in his Favour. Though this Affair ended happily, yet the Fa- tigues Father Bouchet had undergone on this Occa- fion, threw him into a Fit of Sicknefs, from which he was not well recover*d, when I found him in derrhim. We ftaid there but one Day, and the next went to Aoory which is but a fliort Day's Journey from thence. "When Father Bciichct firll came into the Million of Madura^ about Twelve Years ago, the Miffionaries were under fjch Fears, that they never entered the Villages except at Night ; but. Heavens be praifed. Things are much alter'd for the better fince that Time. For we not only went into Aoor in open Day ; but the Chrijliivis of the neighbouring Towns adcmbling together, re- ceived us with Mil fie, and Acclamations, a Circum- ftance which drew Tears of Joy from my Eyes. 'Twould be impofiible to exprefs the tender AfFec- * The Sincerity of thefe Indians might bs very much doubt- ed, confidering the Motive of their Return to the Church ; no- thing being, in general, rr.ore intolcr.ble to a Man, than fovf- reign and univerfal Contempt. — — Many will prcbabiy fufpcdl the Traih of feveral l^arts of this Narrative. H h :? tioa I ;:i i^'i- i^'il* I;;! ill If h,"-' ill" I ■ 1,1 'ill 470 TRAVELS of the Jesuits.' tion and Refpeft which the Chrijiians of this little Town bear to Father Bouchet^ they being all firmly perfuaded that he loves them as dearly as if they were his Children. We went diredly to the Church, which was then adorn'd as on Rafter Sun- day. There the People offered up Thanks to God, and the blefled Virgin, for the Succefs of my Jour- ney, with the higheft Demonftrations of Affeftion 5 all which I afcribM to the Efteem Father Bouchet has gain'd, not only with Regard to himfelf, but to all thofe of our Order. A few Days after I was yifited by fuch of our Fathers as live near Aoor -, and thofe who refide at a greater Diftance from it, were fo good as to write to mc. Aoor is certainly the moft confiderable Miflion now in Madura^ not only on Account of its Neighbourhood to the Capital of the Kingdom, but alfo becaufe there are Twenty-nine Churches dependant on it, in which are computed upv/ards of Thirty Thoufand Chrijiians^ converted by the Father Vifitor. At his coming thither, there were no other Churches in iTricherapaly^ except thofe of the Farias, who are the loweft of all the Caftes, a Circumftance which gave the H^ath^s a. very difad- vantageous Idea of our holy Religion -, but now there are four Churches for the higher Caftes, in four dif- ferent Parts of this great City. Tho' thefe feve- ral Churches are built only of Earth, and cover*d with Straw, they yet are neat and finely embel- iilh'd, and adorn'd within *. But we earneftly "wifh to have one Church (at leaft) of Stone, whicii * 'Tis well known that the Roman-Catholics are very lavifh of Church-Ornaments, their Churches being generally crouded with Altars, Piftures, Statues, ^c. Some of the Churches in Paris are embellifh'd in a noble, grand Tafte ; but others, parti- cularly in the Provinces, are often crouded info artlefs a Manner, and with fuch wretched Statues, Pidures, ^c. that they feem rather a Burlefque upon Religion, than defign'd to raife the Ma- jelly of it. .. • -■ ■ may TK AV ELS of f/je Jesuits. 471 may be equal to, or if polTible fiirpa/s, the IdoJ- Temples *, but this can never happen except it pJeafe God, to prompt fome ge^ierous Pcrlbns in Europe^ to furnifli us with Monies for that Purpofe. Such a Building would contribute greatly to ilie Advance- ment of our Religion, if we may form a Judgment of this Matter, from the Succefs we met with in Joor f. At Father Boucbcl's Arrival there, it wiv5 a poor little Village, in which were but a very fc\^ ( ,■-/ 77- liam. The Father, knowing perfedly well the Geni- us of this People, who are eafily captivated by the Objeds of Senfe, refolved to build a pretty handfome Church, which might excite the Curiofity of the Infidels. No fooner was the Edifice finifhed, but People flock*d to fee it from all Parts, efpecial- ly from the Capital, which, as was before obferv'd, is but four Leagues off. This gave the Father an Opportunity of fpeaking concerning God, to a great multitude of People ; on which Occafion fe- veral turn'd Chriftians^ and came and fettled in Aoor^ which thereby is become one of the mod confiderable Towns in the Kingdom. You pofTibly may be glad to have a Defcription of this Church ; and to be told that, as every Thing is cheap there, fuch a- nother might be built at no great Expence. It ftands in the Center of a large Court. The Walls, at certain Didances, are painted ; and they are adorn'd, in the Infide, with lofty Co- lumns, which fupport a Cornice that goes quite round the Edifice. The Pavement is fo neat and fmooth, that it looks like one entire Piece of white Marble. The Altar is in the middle of the Window, purpofely that it may be feen on all Sides, and f Thefe Ornaments make a ftrong Imprefiion on the Mine's of the common People, even in Countries where Learning flou- rilhes; Ms therefore no Wonder they fliould (Irike very liror-gly on the M iids of a People who are utter Strangers to Know- ledge . Hh 4 fic^ht i nil I ■ 'I m it? ) II iiii '472 TR AV ELS of tie Jesuits. eight large Columns, which fupport an Imperial Crown, form the whole Ornament of this Altar every Part of which glitters with Gold and Azure ; not to mention that the Indian Architecture, beino- blended with that of Europe^ has a moft pleafino' EfFeft. As this Church is dedicated to the Bieffed Virgin, the Chriftians come in Pilgrimage to it from all Parts of the Kingdom. I cannot omit the odd Accident following. When Ihad been two Days in Aoor^ after aflifting, in the Evening, with Father Bouchet at the Prayers and o- ther pious Exercifes ufually ofFerM up in the Church, we entered the Room where two of our Fathers, who were come to pay me a Vifit, were faying their Breviary, by the Light of a fmall Lamp. I then fancied I faw, in the middle of the Room, a kind of Rope, in the Form of a Horfe's Halter •, where- upon I took it up, in order to carry it to the Jjampj and there examine whether it was good for any T hing. But how great was my Surprize, when I tound that my lupposM Rope was a St^rpent, which was raifing itfelf up in order to bite me \ In my Fright, I fhook it from me, and it was kil- led that Inttant. I wonder I did not perceive the Motion of the Serpent fooner J or that it did not bite me, the Moment I put my Fingers to it. But this would have coil me my Life, the Bite of the Serpents in queflion being found mortal \ though there are excellent Antidotes in this Country, a- gainft the Bite of moft other Reptiles of that Hind *. Though * Many Travellers fpeak of the Serpents found in tlu's Part of the World. According to Father Pyrardt the Serpents of Cali- £ut are very large and dangerous ; and yet the People dare not kill them, they being held in great Veneration by the King and the Bramins, who imagine that they are Spirits created, by Heavfn, to afflidl Mankind, and punifh them for their Sins. In t\\Q Ncuvslits de la Republifiue des Leltres, for "January 1699; \vs' ITS. Imperial fiJs Altar, d Azure; re, being ■ pleafing ie Bleffed 'ge to it ?. When g, in the rs and o- ■ Church, Fathers, 'ing their I then , a kind ; where- ■ to the good for ze, when Serpent, >ite n\Qi ms kil- :ive the :lid not t. But ' of the though itry, a- 3f that TRAVELS of the Jesv ITS. 47J ' Though we perform our minifterial Fundllons in fo calm and undifturb'd a Manner, we yet have frequent Alarms, and are daily expofed to new Per- fecutions. Since the little Time that I have iiv*d ir^ j^oor, we were thrice going to fly, and live in the Woods, whither our moft valuable Things that is the Church Ornaments and our Books, had beea carried before. I had been told, and accordingly expedVed, be- fore my Arrival in this Place, to find neither Bread, Meat, Eggs, Fifh, nor Wine, except what is us'd at Mafs 5 but I will frankly tell you, that Things are much worfe than I imagin'd. Nothing is drunk here but Water, which often is very mud- dy, and never very clear ; it being drawn out of Ponds, wherein Men and Cattle wafh themfelves daily. Our only Food is Herbs, Roots and Puife, the Tafle of which is much more infipid and bitter, than any of thofe in Europe. No Perfon can eat them with any tolerable Appetite, unlefs he we are told of a Serpent of a very Angular, and very danj;erous kind, found in Malabar, 'I'is no thicker than a Man's Finger, and five or fix Foot long; and being of a green Colour, *tis not well dillinguiihed when in the Grafs. It does not fhun Pafu^n- gers, but fli'Ss upon them, endeavouring commonly to fix itfelf on the Eyes, Nofe or Ears. Its Bite is not vent-mous ; but un- der its Neck is a Bladder fill'd with fubtilc Pofon, which this Reptile. lets out upon the Part where it feizes ; and tiiis Poiibn is mortal. Mr. O'vingrfon informs us, that a tame Snake was brought into the F.:ftcry at Suratt of fo vail a Size, that he fwal lowed one of their biggefl: Fowls whole, with all its Fea- thers, in his Prefence. The Serpent bc^an with the Head of the FowJ, after v/hich, twining round the Body, he fquefz'd it clofc to make the Paffage the ealier. The Fowl gave one Shriek up- on its being firil feiz'd, and then lay dead. 'Twas feme Time before the Serpent could get the main Part of the Fowl into his his Throat ; but after he had got fo far. he convey'd it down to the middle of his Belly with eafc. This Part cf India is a 6ne Country ; but the Serpent?, Scorpions, and troublefome In- fers, with which it abound:, greatly abate the Pleafure which otiiCiAvi.e might be found in it. 3 ^^^s I i'.p Ax !fi I 'W 474 TRAVELS of the Jesuits: has been accuftomed to them from his Infancy. { remember on this Occafion, a fmart Saying of a Miflionary, who was but Jately arrived in tlicfe Parts. Being afk'd his Opinion concerning tha Herbs which were fet before him : " I had fan- «' cied, fays he, till now, that Animals only had " Gall ; but I find that, in this Country, we tafte *' it even in Herbs and Pulfe." We are allowed to ufe Butter with them, but thofe who drefs our Vic- tuals (which were we to do ourfelves, the I.dians would think we difgrac'd our minifterial Charafter) cook it up fo wretchedly, that 'tis a real Mortifica- tion for us to eat any of it. Farther, as the Rice, which ferves as Bread, is boiled only in Water, it takes away its Tafte. A Miflionary imagines at his firft coming, that if he does but make a hearty Refolution, he will foon accuftom himfelf to this Food, though fo vaftly infipid ; however, the Sto- mach loathes it to fuch a Degree at laft, that no- thing but mere Necefllty could force a European to touch any of it. Fruits are fo rarely met with here, that we think it a Banquet if we get only a Radilh or a little Cucumber in the Afternoon. Fa- ther Bouchet and I have often had no more in the Evening, (even when it was not a Faft-day) except a Piece of thin Cake, bak'd on the Coals, and half burnt. Befides the fad Difquietudes of our Minds, on Account of the Perfecution which our Brethren fre- quently fuflfer, I may add the dreadful Solitude of many of our Miffions here, which commonly remove us far from all our Acquaintance ; we not having the leaft Society but with an ignorant, una- miable People ; not to mention our being forced to comply with their Forms of Ceremony, which are inexpreflibly troublefome and ridiculous in every Refpe£t ; our being depriv'd for Years together of all Spiritual Succour, as well as of all Correfpondence, by TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 47^^ by Way of Letter, this being rare, and very diffi- cult to be carried on, for fear we fliould difcover ourfelves to be Europeans^ or raife fome Sufpicion in the Natives, were they to know that we have any Concerns with the Portugueze^ and other Europeans of the Coaft •, and, by that Means, caufe us to be perfecuted, as has happened more than once. Chirangam is an Ifland form'd by the River Ca- vert, oppofite to the City of Tricberapali, Capital of the Kingdom. 'Tis one of the moll famous PJaces in all India, In it ftands a Temple furrounded with feven Walls, and *tis confider'd as the moft holy Temple in thefe Parts, whence *tis no Won- der that the Inhabitants of this Ifland, fhould be the mofl obftinate and fuperftitious Idolaters in all the Country. 'Tis but a few Years fince the Chriftian Religion began to take Root in this Ifland, and that Father Boudet built a little Church in it. The €hriftians,y/ho are about fourfcore in all, aflfemble at the Church in queftion, at the ringing of a fmaU Bell, a Circumftance which very much mortifies the Priefl:s of the neighbouring Temple, who have fre- wjuently endeavourM to burn this little Edifice, but Providence has not yet thought proper to let them put their wicked Defign in Execution. • About a Year and half ago. Father Simon Car- 'valho, had the Grief to fee a fine Church, built by him a little before, demolifh*d. It ftood between the City of Tanjaour, and a famous Idol-Temple. The Priefts who fuper-intended the latter, were in- fiam'd with Jealoufy whilft it was Building, and therefore refoJvcd to demolifli it, for which Pur- pofe they had Recourfe to the following Artifice, They fpread a Report among the common People, thai the Gods of their Temple, were determin'd to have the Church, belonging to the Bramins of the North (for fo the Jefuics are call'd) deftroy'd ; o- ^herwife_that they would forfi\ke their Abodcjand for '3 the m f '476 TRAVELS of the Jesuits: the following Reafon : *' Becaufe that whenever ♦* they were oblig'd to go through the Air, from *' this Temple to the City of Tanjaour^ they found *« the Church belonging to thefe Foreigners in the ** Way 5 and that as it was impoffible for them to ^* pafs over it, they were impell'd by an invifible «* Power, to fetch a great Compafs about, which *' was quite inconvenient, and fatigued them very ** much." Though the Complaint of thefe ima- ginary Deities were fo very grofs, yet it afFe^led the Idolaters •, upon which they met together, and re- folv*d to pull down the Church in queftion, they being proteded by a Minifter of State whom they had brib'd. Some Time after, Father Bouchet^ who was in Tricherapali^ fent to invite me to go and fpend fomc Days with him, A few Years fmce, 'twas extreme- ly difficult for the Fathers to get into that great City, and they were under perpetual Apprehen- fions all the Time they continued there ; but ever fince the Prince has indulg'd Father Bouchet his Proteftion, as was before obferv'd, we go thi- ther publicly in the Day-time 5 ever fmce which the Guards who are polled at the Gates, fo far from molefting us, falute us very refpeftfully : I proceeded forward towards Father Boucbet% and by that Means had an Opportunity of feeing a great Part of the City, which appear'd vaftly po- pulous, but ill-built, moft of the Houfes being of Earth, aud cover'd with Straw. 'Tis not but there are perfons rich enough, to raife ftrong handfome Houfes ; but either Covetoufnefs, or the fears they are under of being thought rich, will not permit them to build thefe in a neater or more commodi- ous manner. I found Father Bouchet in perfed: Health, and had the Confolation to find a great Number of zealous and fervent Chrijlians with him. At: TRAVELS of //j^ Jesuits; 477 At one of the Extremities of Tricherapali, (lands a Church which Father Bouchct buiJt on the Ruins of a Paged. The Spot on which it is raifcd, had formerly being given to the chief Miffionaries of Madura \ but a War breaking out, as frequently happens in thefe Countries,the Fathers were oblig'd to leave the City, and fly and conceal themfelves in the Woods. During their Abfence, an Idolater feiz'd upon the Ground, and built a fmall Temple upon it, which he filled with Pagods of all Sizes. •Tis not many Years fince Father Bouchet was rc- flored to the Poffeflion of that Spot, on which Oc- cafion he oblig'd the Priefl: of the Idols to quit it. 'Twas a Spectacle very glorious to our Religion, and the fame Time v;orthy of Conipaflion,to fee the needlefs Pains,which the poor Idol-Prieft in queftion took, whillt he was removing his Gods. The Chrijiians v/GTQ urgent with him to quit the Place; and, to make the greater Pifpatch, they themfelves took the Idols, and fet them upon jthe Ground with no great Ceremony. By this Means feveral were broke, on which Occafion he hi mfelf would gather up the fcatter'd Fragments ; weeping at the fame Time bitterly, but not daring to complain, fince he only was forc'd out of a Place which did not belong to, and had been ufurp'd by him *. The Temple was puird down, and on its Ruins a Church was builr, * Some Perfons would fay, what Bufinefs had the Jefuit to leave his Native Country, and fail to another fo many thou- fand Miles dillant from it, there to dillurb the Natives in their Poflefiions ? 'Tis whimfical enough to hear our Traveller defcri- bing the Anxiety of this Heathen-FikR, whilft he was carrying away his. Idols ; and his Vexation at feeing them broke to Pieces'; and by whom ? By a Sett of People who were going to put other Idols in their Place. The Jefuit was no lefs an idolatrous Prieft than the Heathen i and therefere his Behaviour on this Oc- cafion was altogether barbarous zn^Anti-chriJliani fo far was this from being a Speftacle fo n>n.and oF C .ptain Uejly who fettled a Trode, the Arti- cles of 'which were eilablifli'd by the Mogul himielf ; abour the fame Time the King of Bifnagar, granted the Englifo a fres Trade upon the Coall of Cormundeh they fettling a Factory in Tcttipky '^^ '^ »3» l"pitc of the Oppofition of the £>«/:/;». In 1 614, tiie iirty?-/«rf'/« Company prcvail'd upon King James I. to let them fend a Iblemn Embafiy to the MoguU in his Ma- jelly's Name. ^'\x Thomas Roe landed at Surat in 5^/^. 1615, but did not meet with very good Treatment, owing, as is fup- pofed, to his no: being fitted out in a Manner fuitable to his Charaifter, a circumlumce neccfiary in all Countries, efpeciaily in Induit whofe Princes commonly form an Idea of the Grcat- nefs of a Monarch f;om the 1' igure his People makes and the Nature of the Piefents fenr. Notwithftandint^ this ungracious Treatment, Sir Thomas let out towards the Moaiii\ Court,. but was not very well ufed on the Road. At Brampour, where he was very ill r.ccommodated.and for that Reaf m lodg'd under his Tent,he had Audience of Sultan Pervis, the Mogul's feCond Son» who gave him a tolerable Reception, though Sir Thomas had refufcd to make the Obeifances re ;uirM of him. Being afterwards arriv'd at the Moguls Court, our Embaflador was permitted to falute the Monarch according to the Europca» Fafhion. The M<3i^«/was feated, after the manner of his Country, in a pretty hjorh Gallery, and the Embaffadors, great Men, i^c. beneath hivn ; fo that the whole rofe gradually, in Form of an Am- phitheatre, Sir Thomas was gracioully received by the Monarch, who admir'd very much his CommilTion, and the Prefents fent him ; the EmbafTador having been fick, the Mogul offir'd him his Phyficians. In his fecond Audience, the Mogul enquir'd the Motive of his ccming : Sir Ihomas complain'd that the EngUfh were TRAVELS c/'//;^ Jesuits. 4B1 When I arrived at Pondichery in mv fifth Voy- a^rc, I found Father Matiduit there, who had elli- biifhed a new MilTion in that Country. I prevailed with Father Rouchet to come into our new Mifllon of Carnata^ he bringing with him another I'rench Milfionary, Father de la Fontaines \o that in 1702, there were three Millionaries in the Kingdom of Carnala. Father Bouchet was appointed Superior of the nrw Miflion j and he fent F'ather de la Fon- taine to Ponganoor^ whofe Inhabitants fpeak the Trt- lang Language, which differs as much from that of Malabar^ as tiie Spanijh from the French. The Miflionaries who were fettled in Caroovepon- di^ had refolv'd, at their Entrance into that Miflion, to afllime the Flabit, and lead the Life of the Sa- nias BraminSj or rehgious Penitents. This was pur- ting themfelves under very difficult Engagement; for nothing but apoftolical Zeal and Charity, can ena- ble a Man to fubmit to its Rigours and Aufterities. A Sanias Bramin^ befides his Abftinence from nil Things that have had Li j, as Flefh, Fidi, ^c. muft comply with feveral very troublefome Cultoms : He muft walli every Morning during all Seafons of the Year, in a public Pond -, and repeat this before he eats, which he is allow*d to do but once a Day. He muft procure a Bramin for his Cook ; for he would become odious and unworthy of his Func- were ill treated by his Subjedls, who not only pltinder'd them of their Goods, but fomedmes imprifon'd their Perfons, whereupon the Monarch gave Order for their Reltafe. Nevtrchelcfs, he could not be prevailed upon to conclude a formal Treaty of Peace and Alliance with the King of Emjandy wliich was fiip- p0b*d to be owing to the want of propir Prefents, and the Bii- bery of the Portuguese. Sir Thomas Roe feem'd every way qua- lified for the important Bufinefs he was come upon, and behav'd witb fuch a Spirit of Bravery, as put the Mogul himfelf, and his Miniftry in the greateft Coiiflernation, upon his complain- ing to him of the ill Treatment he met with. For farther Par- ticulars, fee, j4 ColleBion of Vo-.ages and Tra'veUy printed for J. Churchilly ^'C. Vol. I. p. 7<57- London ^ 1704, Fol. I i tion, 4S2 TRAVELS of the Jesuits. tion, fliould he eat of any Food drefled by Perfons of an inferior Cafte, Hence therefore MiflionarJes are obligM to lead a Life of the decpcft Solitude •, a Santas not being allowed to go from liis Hermi- tage, except for the Service of his Difciples or o- thers. I omit many equally grievous Reftridions, which a .S^«/^j-Miirionary mult obferve inviolably, if he would reap any Advantage from his Labours, for the Salvation of the poor Indians. Tarcolan was a confiderable City, whilft the Kings of Golconda were Mailers of it, vhich they were Thirty Years ago -, but it is greatly deciiy*d, both with Regard to Wcalthjand the Number of the In- habitants, ever fince the Moors fcizcd upon it, when they conquerM Golconda. The Heathens have a fabu- lous Tradition, that it was anciently fo very beautiful and magnificent, that the Gods of the Country, when they defcended upon Earth, ufed to hold their general AfTemblies there. The Moors after their Conqueft of it, finding that mofl of the Inhabitants, dreading the Avarice and Cruelty of their Conquerors, were fled away 5 in* clofed it round,after having demolifhed almoft all the magnificent Pagods which the Heathens had built there, the principal One excepted, which they turned into a Fortrefs, and keep a fmall Garrifon in it. The Great Mogul has lubdued fo many Terr;^ tories, and taken fo great a Number of Cities, that he has not Subjedts enough of his own Religion, the Mohammedany to fettle in them for which Rea- fon he has been oblig'd to intruft mod of the Cities of lefs Importance to He(ithensy and thefe are very faithful to him*. The * Gokoada is a Kingc^cm or Province about an hundred Lc guts long, and from lilcy to about fixty-fiv broad. The princijal Inland Towns are Bagnagart Golconda^ 7enari, and Gani or CaloQr » sind tltc chief maritime Towns h'afulapatany where s. by Perfons ^iflionaries t Solitude i lis Hermi- 'iples or o- ^eftridions, inviolably, s Labours, whild the 1 they were ^^y'd, both of the In- n it, when ive a fabu- •y beautiful t Country, ' hold their indingthat varice and away; in, noft all the had built hich they jarrifon in ny Terrir Cities, that Religion, i^hich Rea- the Cities e are very The an hundred 3road. The Tenari, and 'lafulapatany where % f* % TRAVELS of the Jesuits. 483 The great Mognl^xo reward the Services of his Om- rahs^ox great Men of the Empire,befl:ows on them a kind of Sovereignty during Life,over particular Pro- vinces, upon Condition that they maintain a cerrain Number of Cavalry in his Army, whenever he has Occafion for them. How powerful foever thefe Governors may be, there yet are Infpedlors over them called Divans^ whole Employments are like thofe of the Intendants in the Provinces of France, The Bufinefs of thefe Divans^ who are indepen- where both the Englijh and Dutch have a Faftory ; Madepollom^ where the EngHflj have a fmail Fadlory ; NaJ/tjore, where ihe Dutch have one J Vixacafatan^ where the EnoJ';Jh have one ; and Eimkpatatt, where the Dutch have a Fadlory. Bagnagar^ the Metropolis of Golconda, was one of the tiuelt and largclt Ci- ties in Ind'ia^ when Golconda was fubjeft to its own Prince, i he King's Palace here was very large and magnificenr, and built of Stone. There were many noble vSquares, and Irrge Tanks or Refervoir? of Water in it. The GAcondans^ the' they laid out great Sums in making their Tanks, yet their Houfes (thole of the Oinrahi excepted) are moftly of Thatch and Clay and not above nine or ten Foot high. Thefe Houfes ferve for little clfc but to fleep in, no Bufinefs being tranfafted within Dours. Golconda was a fine ftrong Town» but expofeJ to Inundations from the Neighbouring River and Mountain. The i.jn[^ had alfo a Palace in Tenara. The Kingdom of Golconda abound.s in Corn, Rice and Cattle, Salt, Iron and Steel. The i^ianmnd Mines of Gani or Co/oor, wliere the greateft Number and i,.r;^eit Diamonds in the World are found, are particularly Urn- us. Tis repotted that another Mine was difcovered, in a M^iin^ain tv\o Leagues from the City of Golcoitda ; but that the tiicii King of the- C ■ ntry would not permit it to be work'd, for ! ar of depreciating tiie Value cf Diamonds, or inviting the I'lou/ta fe.ze upon that Mine. However, j^urcK^zehe Hearing or tiu- im- menfe Trealjres they produced, was tempted to make himillf Mailer of them, and, for that PurpofL', quarrel] Jj with the King of Golconda, upon Pretence that his Subj'.dj were Hereticks, of the Setl of Halt. He then declared War againft him, and, in 1686, took i\\e Kingoi Goicouda Prisoner, and made his Dominions a Province o; the Mo^td\ Empire. The Inhabitanti trade much to Aiabiay and all Parts of India. iMoft of the Omrahi are Perjians. The Kingdoms of Golconda and Vifiapoor have Mines fufficient to furnifh the whole World with Diamonds. Can we wonder then that the Jcfuits (hould be fu lonJ of the Minions in thefe Parts ? I i 2. dant !tt. 484^ TRAVELS of the Jzsv ITS. dant on the Governors or Omrahsy is, to levy the Emperor's Tributes, and check the Injuftice which thefe petty Sovereigns ufually exercife over the Peo- p!e. The Governor-general of Cangibooran, on which the City of Tarcolan depends, is called Da- oorkan. He is a Perfon who ruifed himfclf merely by his Merit, and has done important Services to the State,vvhcnce the great Mogul was induced to beftow Tarcolan upon him, in the Manner delcribed above. Dacorkan has appointed five particular Governors, called Cramaniy over this great City 5 and the Chijf of thefe Cramaniy who pofled a TopOy or Wood of high Trees, near Tarcolan^ gave it to Father Bouchety who there built a i'mall Church and Houl'e, in which he has refidcd ever fince his being fcttkd in the Kingdom of Carnata. Soon after thisantient Mifllonary was fettled in the T'opOy a Report prevailed in the City and the Neigh- hood of it, that a famous Penitent was fettled near Tarcolan. The Cramaniy his Benefactor, was tiie firlt who vifited him in his little Hermitage. Fa- ther Bouchety being perfedly well acquainted with the Language and Cuftoms of the Country, re- ceived him with fo much Affability and Kindncfs, that the Crammi was charmed not only with the mortified Life of the Sanias Braminy and his Refu- fal to accept of Prefents from any Perfon whatfoc- ver •, but hkewife with his polite Behaviour, and the Sandlity of his Difcourle. Thofe who know how curious the Indians are naturally, will eaHly believe what the Miflionary writes to me, con- cerning tl.e Numbers of People who flock conti- nually to his Hermitage. He aflfures me, that he has fcarce Time to fay his Breviary, to ofi^cr up his Prayers, or eat his daily flender Repaft. Thclc frequent Vifits were often interrupted by the Jca- loufy TRAVELS of the ]esv ITS. 485 loufy of the Bramins and the Joguis *, who caufed their Emiflaries to fprcad a Report, that the Santas of the Topo was of the abominable Cade of the Pranguis who inhabit the Coafts of India ; that he drank Wine in fecret, eat Meat with his Difciples, and committed Crimes of every Kind. Thefe Ca- lumnies, joined to the Colour of the Santas, which made the Indians very juftly fufpedt his being an European, prevented many of them from coming in order to be inftru6ted by him ; but the Cramani^ his Benefaftor, having himfeh^been an Eye-witnefs, during four or five Months, to the penitent Life he led, and the Strictnefs with which he obfcrved the moft fevere Pradices of his Profcflion, at laft turn'd Chrijtian, But thefe Reports, fo difadvantageous to our Re- ligion, were foon fuppreffed entirely, upon the Roman Sanias's receiving two or three Vilits of Importance in his Solitude. The firft, which con- nil ?ttd greatly to dcftroy the Calumny of the Bra- mi, /as that of a famous Bramin, Intendant of Hi.Q.tkan, There are various Degrees of Nobility among the Bramins, as in Europe among the Gen- * Thsfe are hdlan Penitents or Afceticks. They lead a Life of Celibacy, difclaim ail Property, fubfill on Alms, and praftice great Aullerities. They travel over all Ind'.a in the Habit of Pilgrims, and preach ns they go along, being fent forth by a yoguis their Chieu When ihty h;iv? led a Lile of Continence during a certain Time, they ccnfider tliemfelves as unable to commit Sin ; imagine tliat nothing is forbidden, and thereupon immerfe themfelves in the mo'.l horrid Deb;'.uch£ries. 'Tis related that their Cniefor General is changed an.:ually,in their public A(i- fembly. When they travel, tliey ^o aimoiT: naked. Ti-ey pre- tend to pafs feveral Days and Nigiits together without eating or drinking. They p.re thought to be of rtie Sect of the anticr.t itvnnofoihlfts. They ate n Kind o.*" Perii:ents, u'hofe chief Em- ployment is to go in Pilgrimage, *.o i'ucli Places as fire i'ad in the hignell Veneration by the conimon l'co{li among the Indians..,, Poll-bly fome of the Features jibovc m:iy bj ag'j.ravacpJ, as they are dra .vn by the jciuitf, who fre* uent!y endeavour to painc fi.cli lltiithms in the blackclt Coluuri. 5 tie- 486 TRAVELS c///5^ JEsuits. tlemen *. Thi^ Inteiida.nc-general was a Tatoovadt^ that is, a \Tan eft the highcil N'-)bility or firft Rank. He paid great Civilities to the MilTionary -, and af- ter a long Dilcourfe, acknowledged that there is but one Sovereign Being wlio merits our Adora- tion. The lecond Vifit was of ftill greater Ad- vantage to our hoJy Religion. Daoorkan^ Go- vernor-general of the Kingdom of Carnata^ as was oblcrved before, has adopted a Rajapute named Sekj and appointed him his Lieutenant-general. The laLtcr having been ordered by his adopted Far her to go Co Veloory the laft Strong-hold of the Marafls, which had been bt^fieged feveral Months by the Moors, and was upon the Point of furrendring (as it did two Months after) went to Tarcoian, and vi- fited the holy Penitent. As the Vifits of tlie great Men of this Empire are never performed but vvith the utmoft Pomp and Ceremony, Sek came to the Hermitage, with a very confidtrable Bodyof Horfe and Foot, Drums and Kcttlc-Drums founding all the "Way. The Nobleman behaved with the utmoft Refpeft towards the Samas 5 offered him Lands, and alfured him of his Protedion -, and then, after recommending himfelf to the Father's Prayers, he got on Horleback and continued his Journey. Ever fince that Time, the Heathens have difcon- tinued to accufe the Father of being an European -, and difcovcred the higheft Efteem for his Perfon, after they faw the great Honours which their Con- querors beliov^ed on him. The particular Gover- nor of 'Tarcolan came afterwards; and all the Inha- bitants of the City followed his Example, fo that * This is meant particularly of tliofe of France, a Gentleman bc;ing there dijfn'J, a Alan of noble Extraction, who dees not owe his Nobi.i':y either to his Poll, or to Letters Patents granted him by the King. In England, the Word GL-ntleman gives often a v.igu; Ifa.i ; and liicrctore it were to be wifhed, that (ouK- jiidiciuus Pen %'ojid fix the Standard of it. the TRAVELS o/^/i^ Jesuits. 487. the Law of God appears no longer there with Ig- nominy. Father Mauduit applies himfelf to the Grandan^ which is the learned Language of the Country. A Jefuit, to make his Miniftry flill more ufeful to the Indians, muft underftand their Books writ in that Language •, and appear learned in the Sciences profefled by their Do6tors. The Bramins, who fet themfelves up as the only learned Men in this Coun- try, won't permit fuch Authors as treat of them to be tranflated ; and are prodigioufly jealous of them, from a Perfuafion that Learning is the true Charac- teriftic ot Nobility. Father de la Fontaine was extremely fortunate in the very Opening of his Miflion, he having gained the Protection of the Prince of Ponganoor, where he is fettled, and of the Princefs his Grandmother, who governs the Kingdom during his Minority. That Father hgs already baptized a great many Sramins, I am, with all imaginable Refpe5f, My Lordy &c. Guy Tacharp, Tbe End of Vol. L ^{'<}. ERRATA in the First Volume. PAge 2. Line i6. for Mahommed read Mohammed, and in every other Placenvhere this Error is ttmmitted. p. 13 1. 1. /. great Avtrfion, r. a great Averfion. Ibid. {Uotes) I. 3. f. Mirkand, r. Mirkond. p. 37. 1. zi. /. Here Walks are fecn open, r. Here open Walks are feen. p. i ic. laft Line tf the Notes, f. too partial with regard to the Uutch, r. too partial againft the Dutch, p. 181. 1. 5. {Notes)/. Bre- devent, r. Brevedent. p. 182. 1. 23. /. Ethiopa, r. Ethio- pia, p. 209. 1. 6./". Barangea, r. Barangoa. p. 224. 1. 25. /^ Nerojea, and the other on the of the Kingdom, r. Nerea^ and the other on thofe of the Kingdom, p. 244. 1. 12. (AW^i)/. thinks, r. think, p. 264. 1. {Notes\ f. Phyficians, r. Phyfician*s. p. 266. I. 6. f. Meffoua, r. MeiTua. p. 272. 1. 3. and 4. {Notes) dele profefs'd. p. 284. 1. 36. /. to John^ r. John to. p. 292. J. 31. dele former, p. 294. 35. yi Text, r. Tent. p. 343. 1. 37. /. curiofoquc, r, curiofofque. p. 378. I. 18. [Notes) f. Zei. genblag, r. Zeigenbalg, p. 379. I. 4. /. off, r. to. p. 447. dele the laft Line of the Notes, p. 464, 1. 13. {Nota) f. wilh, r, I wifh. mmmmmmm'^^ f*mv .> ^IWiti? LUM£. tmmed, and in ^- p. I J 1. 1. {Notes) I 3. Here Walks p. I I C. la/t to the Dutch. [Notes)/. Brc- pa, r. Ethio- 224. 1. 25. /: VJfr^/7, and the '/«)/. thinks, ;ian*s. p. 266. . {Notes) dele » to. p. 292. t. p. 343- !• A^fl/«) / Zei. to p. 447. ?/^^)/. wifh.