^ ^%^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. ^ .^. ^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 1^121 125 ■u iii2 12.2 Jf ug ■■■ ■IMU U II 1.6 I Ftiotographic Sciences Corporalion •SJ <^ as WIST IMAIN STRUT WIUTIR.N.V. 14110 (716) 173-4303 v\ Si CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inatituta for Historical Microraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa 'j^ Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notaa tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha Inatltuta haa anamptad to obtain tha baat original copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantiy ehanga tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chaelcad balow. □ Colourad covara/ Couvartura da eouiaur rn Covara damagad/ Couvartura andommagte [~n Covar% raatorad and/or laminatad/ D D D D Couvartura raatauria at/ou pallieuiia DS Covar titia miaaing/ titra da couvartura manqua r~1 Colourad mapa/ Cartaa gAographiquaa mn coulaur Colourad inic (i.a. othar than blua or blacic)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) rn Colourad plataa and/or illuatratlona/ Pfanchaa at/ou illuatratlona an eouiaur Bound with ottiar matarial/ RalM avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion along intarior margin/ Laraliura aarrAa pout cauaar da I'ombra ou da la dialoraion la long dm la marga inttriaura Blank laavaa addad during raatoratien may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibla. tftaaa ' hava baan omittad from fHming/ II aa paut qua eartainaa pagaa bianehaa a|out4aa lora d'una raatauratlon apparalaaam dana la taata, mala, loraqua eala 4tait poaaibla. eaa pagaa n'ont paa «t« film4aa. Additional commanta:/ Commantairaa supplAmantairaa; L'Inatitut a microfilm* la maillaur axampiaira qu'il lui a itA poaaibla da sa procurer. Laa ditails da cat axampiaira qui sont paut-4tra uniquaa du point da vua bibliographiqua. qui pauvant modifier una imaga raproduita. ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana la mAthoda normaia da filmaga aont indiquAa ci-daaaoua. |~n Colourad pagaa/ D Thia Itam ia flimad at tha reduction ratio ohacited below/ Ce document eet film* au taux da rMuction indiquA ei-daaaoua. 10X 14X 1BX 22X Pagaa da coulaur Pagaa damaged/ LJ Pagaa andommagiaa reetored and/oi Pagaa reatauriaa at/ou pailicuiiea Pagaa diacoloured, stained or foxei Pagaa dAcoioriea. tachetAea ou piquAea Pagaa detached/ Pagaa dAtaehAea Showthrough/ Tranaparance Quality of prir QuaiitA InAgale da I'impreasion Includaa supplementary matarii Comprend du matArial supplAmentaira Only edition available/ Saule Adition diaponibia rn Pagaa reetored and/or laminated/ Q Pagaa diacoloured, stained or foxed/ Pagaa I — I Pagaa detached/ r^ Showthrough/ rn Quality of print variea/ rn Includaa supplementary material/ rn Only edition available/ Til to Tl pc of fill Or| b« th si< ot fir si< or Th sh TH wl Ml dif en bei rig rec m« Pagaa wholly or partially obscured by errata slipa. tiaauaa, etc.. have been refilmed to enaure tha best possible image/ Lee pegee totalement ou partialiement obacureiaa par un fauiilet d'errata, una palure, etc.. ont AtA filmAes A nouveau da fa^on A obtanir la meilleure imaga poaaibla. 2tX 30X I 12X IfX aox a4x ax 32X The copy filmttd h«ra has been reproduced thanks to the generosity off: National Library off Canada L'exempiaire ffiimi fut reproduit grftce k la gAnArositA de: BibliothAque nationale du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility off the original copy and in Iceeping with the ffilming contract speciffications. Las images suivantes ont 4t4 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetA de l'exempiaire ffilmA, et en confformitA avec las conditions du contrat de ffilmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are ffilmed beginning with the ffront cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are ffilmed beginning on the ffirst page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illuatrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est ImprimAe sont ffilmis en commen^ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont ffilmte en commen^ant par la premlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded fframe on each microffiche shall contain the symbol —^(meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol y (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suhrants apparattra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microffiche, selon le cas: la symbole — »• signiffie "A 8UIVRE", le symbole ▼ signiffie "FIN". IMaps, plates, charts, etc., may be ffilmed at difffferent reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are ffii.ned beginning in the upper lefft hand corner, lefft to right and top to bottom, as many fframes as required. The ffollowing diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre ffilmAs i des taux de rMuction diffffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atro reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est ffiimi A partir de Tangle sup4rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iliustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 8 e Ht THO! IN C BY TH THEIR ARE THl CO! CON BE MOSI B\ prin: AN HUMBLE ADDRESS AND EARNEST APPEAL i ' 5 )', TO' THOSE RESPECTABLE PERSONAGES IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, WHO, BY THEIR GREAT AND PERMANENT INTEREST IN LANDED PROPERTV, THEIR LIBERAL EDUCATION, ELEVATED RANK, * AND ENLARGED VIEWS, ^ ARE THE ABLEST TO JUDGE, AND THE FITTEST TO DECIDE, WHXTRXKA CONNECTIOK WITH, OR A SEPARATION FROM T M « CONTINENTAL COLONIES OF AMERICA, BE MOST FOR THE NATIONAL ADVANTAGE, AND THE LASTING BENEFIT OF THESE KINGDOMS. ?■■■ il Suis it Ipfa Roma vlribus ruit. HoR. The THIRD ED ITI ON, Correctbd. B Y J O S I A H T U C K E R, D. D. DEAN OF OLOCESTER. LONDON: PRINTED FOR T. CAD ELL, IN THE STRAND. MDCCLXXVL [Price IS* 6d,] ■■■'<;% I , t '■ , / i 1:4. t ,tt* .f^'\- ■» » ,* W I s* t^ ;q ^ L An HUMBLE ADDRESS, &d^ ^{y Lords Anb GtUTLiMEvti HOUGH the Author of the enfuihg Traft may be below your Notice, as an Ihdividu^l, yet thci Subject he treats upon, highly deferves your mod feriou^ Attention. In the prefenc Unhappy Difputes between the Pareht'State arid the Colonies, he undertakes to point out, what Meafurcs the Landcd-Intereft of Great Brit am ahd Ireland ought to purfue in future, for thd Sake of themfelves and their Poftcrity. Artd !f what he has to offer, ihould, after a due Ex- amination, be found to be re^fonabl^, folid, and fatisfaftory, he xz\m fo much on your 6wn good Senfe and Judgment, as to believe, that you will tiot rejedt his Plan, merely becaufe it originated from an inferior Hand. This is all the Favour he alks, or expcfts from you. . . i^i A 2 V?o^ i- t ' ■1;* ;'n '. i' i w''$ « ■ jSf 4 Vr ADDRESS and APPEAL to Upon this Subjcfb, he waves the Conficjcra- tion of every Thing, which might have a Ten- dency to keep the prefent Queftion out of Sight. ^Great' Britain and her Colonies are now at open War. This is the Fact. But if it fhould' be alked. How thef^ Things ctme ta pafs ? From what Caufes did they fpring ? Which are the real, and which are the apparent Motives in this Controverfy ? Moreover, who were originally and principally to blame ? And what Methods ought to have been taken at firft, in order to have prevented Matters frOm com- ing to their prefent Height ? — The Author hav- ing already given his Sentiments on each of thefe Heads in his 3d, 4th, and 5th preceding Trads, and alfo in his Letter to Mr. Burke, will not here repeat the fame Things. — ^The grand Objeft now before him is fimply thisj Great-Britain and her Colonies are at open IVar : And the proper and important Queftion' arifing from fuch a Fa6t is the following, What is to be done at the prefent Crifis ? Three Schemes have been propofed ; — the Parliamentary, — Mr. Burke's, — and my own. The Parliamentary Scheme is, — To main- tain vi et armis the Supremacy of the Mother- Country over her Colonies, in as full and ample a Manner, as over any Pare of the Britijb Do- minions. Mr. ^ THE LANDED INTEREST. 5 Mr. Burke's is, [tho* not in cxprefs Words] To refign or rclinquifti the Power of the Britijb Parliament over the Colonics, and to ereft each Provincial Afleoibly into an independent Ame" rican Parliament j—fubje6t neverthelefs to the King of Great-Britain^ with his ufual Preroga- tives : — For which Favour of acknowledging the fame Sovereign, the Colonifts are to be com- plimented with the mod precious Rights, Pri- vileges, and Advantages of Britijh Subjedts :-^ I fay, complimented^ and complimented even.^r^- tuitoujly .-—For as to their contributing any Pro- portion, either of Men or Money, towards the public Expence, and in Return for thofe Fa- vours : — All this is to be entirely left to their own innate Goodnefs ^nd Generoftty, to do juit as they pleafe. Mv Scheme [which Mr. Burke, in his lafb Speech of March 22, 1775* is pleafcd to term a childijh one] is, — To feparate totally from tlie Colonies, and to rejed them from being Fellow- Members, and joint Partakers with us in the Privileges and Advantages of the Britijh Em- pire, becaufe they refufe to fubmit to the Au- thority and Juriidiftion of the Britijh Legifla* ture :•— Offering at the fame Time to eqter into Alliances of Friendfhip, and Treaties of Com- merce with them, as with any other fjvcrcign, independent States. Now, Wi Wm. ^f r>; I §* ADDRESS AND APPEAL t6 ' Now, in ordsi* to determine, which of thtfe Schemes is the moft eligible; — it would b6 right to confider^ which is the cafied and mofl: pradticable, — which is leaft expenfive^-^which is likclictl to prevent fimilar Diflurbances and Difputes for the future,— and which will lead endanger the hjigUJIj Conftitutior and our do- mellic Tranquillity. For all thcfc Circumftances ought to be taken into the Account, before a due Judgment can be formed. * * • In regard to the firft, I wilh for the prcfcnt to be filent about it ; — partly out of Refpeft to that auguft Body which has given a Sanation tof it*, — partly becaufe it is now upon Trial, whe- ther it can be executed or not; — and partly like- wife becaufe this muft fall of Courfe, if either Mr. Burke's, or mine, Ihould be judged to have' the Preference. For thefe Rcafons, I fay, I Willi to keep a refpedful Silence on this Head. Bur in rcfpedt to Mr. Bukk£, I need riot ftand on fo much Ceremony. For though he ii ConfclTedly a great Rhetorician.^ and can with his magic Voice raifc a mighty Tempeft of meta- phorical Lightnings and Thunders ; — yet. Heaven be praifcd, there is the Period of all his Powers : And his verha ardentia, his flaming Words^ arc found to end at laft (like many ether Explofions) in Noile and Smoke. Not* doth it, I humbly apprehend, follow, that thd a Orator \ i' B TV' • . THE LANDED INTEREST. y Orator is endowed with a greater Proportion of political Difcernment than other Men, or with more difintercfted Sincerity, and real Love of his Country, in making a juft and honeft Appli- cation of that Difcernment •, — merely becaufe he has more Words at Command, and can mufter up a greater Army of bright Similies, and florid Exprefllons. But be that as it may: — I nowconfider myfelf as {landing at the Bar of the public Tribunal : And therefore before the Jury is (truck, and the Trial begins, I humbly beg Leave to claim, and to cxercife one of the diftinguifliing Privi- leges of EngliJJjtnen in fuch Cafes, viz. To except againd all fuch Perfons in the Pannel, who ap- pear to be under a wrong Biafs, and an undue Influence refpeding the Nature of this Difpute. And I ft, I except againft Cc«r//Vrj ^«^ P/<2f^- ^;^«, confidered asfuch. This is not uttered out of a Spirit of Refentment, Pique, or DifapT pointment, according to the Mode of modern Times. For, I thank God, I have no Caufe to complain of any Difappointment ; having fince my Advancement to the Deanery of Glocefter, in the Year 1758, neither diredlly nor indiredly made the leaft or the mofl: diftant Application for any other or higher Station. This Renun- ciation of afpiring Views is a Circumftance, which I am perfuaded Mr. Burke knew per- feftly well, by various Means, and from diffe- rent \\%' 'I t<' r ADDRESS AND Af'PtAL td rent Perfons, efpccially from a noble Lord, fonnerly high in Office, and a great Fa* vourite at Court, but now his Coadjutor, and a flaming Patriot. And yet the Orator has been pleafed to charaftcrize me by Name in his Speech of the 19th of jlpril iyy4t with- out any Provocation, as one of thofe Courts Vcrmlne (fuch was his polite Phrafe) who would do any Thing for the Sake of a Biihoprick.— Moreover I do not make this Exception againft Courtiers from any bad Opinion I have conceived of the prefent Set of Miniftcrs : For I think it may be fairly allowed, without paying them any Compliment, that they arc to the full as able, and as honeft as the beft of thofe who are endea- vouring to fupplant them. But ncverthelefs, as they are fubjedl to many unhappy Biaflcs, which may draw their Judgments afide without Gnifter Intentions, they ought to be excepted againft in the prefent Difpute. In faft, while the great Continent of North America (hall continue to be united to this Ifland under afty Mode what- ever, Perfons in Adminiftration will necefTarily have a Multitude of Places and Sinecures to difpofe of, many lucrative Contrafts to beftow; and to fpeak in coarfe, tho* very expreflive EngliJIj^ many Jobs of various Kinds, where- with to gratify their Friends, and Dependents. Not to mention, that if ever ai total Separation (fuch as propofed by my Planj fhould enfue, the the ^ great Zeal Intrigi thefe J Placer not fu: term in adlj Band becauii fer tha ni(h th fi tion \ oUr Cc Terms will no of Alt< fures b niftry j Mr. Bi mend, BuRKl to No) propoi would the Col to thei\ receive; and th^ T-ME LANDED INTEREST. § the Miniftry for the Time being, would run a great Rifque of falling a Sacrifice to the blind . Zeal of popular Difcontents, and the knavifti ' Intrigues of Party-Fadions, Therefore for all thefe Reafons, I muft infift, that Courtiers and Placemen ought to be excepted againfl:, as being not fufficiently unbiaflfed, or difintereiled, to de- ' tcrmine impartially on the prefent Subjeft. 2dly, I particularly except againft the whole Band of Mock- Patriots. And my Reafon is, becaufc this Race of Men will of courfe pre- fer that Scheme, whatever it be, which can fur- nifli them with the moft lading Fund for Oppo- fition and Complaint. Now it is evident, 'that oUr Conjundion with North- America^ upon any Terms, and under any or every Modification, will not fail of becoming an inexhauftible Source of Altercation and Reproach, let whatever Mea- fures be purfucd. For Example: had the Mi- niftry propofed at firft that very Scheme, which Mr. Burke has now thought proper to recom- mend, the Heads of the Fadion, and even Mr. Burke himfelf (if he had not been a Penfioner to North-Ameriea) would moft probably have propofed juft the Reverfe j that is, they and he would have infilled on the Neccfiity of obliging the Colonies to contribute a Share pro^ortimahly to their Intereft^ and to the grczving Bencjiis they receive, towards the Maintenance, the Grandeur, and the Glory of that Empire, from which their B own rfi ■! ■ ! ■. \ ' % fk ADDRESS AND APPEAL to 6wn Prefcrvation and Profpcrity are derived* And then the popular Cry would have been, that a wicked and a profligate Adminiftration were going to facriHce the Honour and Dignity of the BriHjh Crown, and the dear-bought Rights and Privileges of the Britijh Nation, to Ammcan Gold, and American Ingratitude.——— Then we ihould have been told (and every Town and Country News paper would have echoed and re-echoed the Tale) that America was the Proper- ty of Great -Britain by every poffible and legal Claim ; — by Right of Difcovery, — Right of Oc- cupancy,— j-Right of Pofleflion,— uninterrupted Prefcription, — Communication of Benefits, . Participation of Pofts of Honour, and Places of Profit, — general Protedlion, — never-ceafing De* fence, &c. &c. And then we ihould have been told with peculiar Emphafis, that this new- fangled, minifterial Scheme of ereding fo many new Parliaments, all co-ordinate with each other, under one general Monarch, was not only a no- torious Breach of the Englijh Conflitution, and utterly repugnant to the Law of the Land ;— but was alfo a deep-laid, diabolical Contrivance to fubjugate thefe petty Parliaments, one after another, and all in their Turns, to the irrefifti* ble Power of one great Defpot: — In fhort, then it would have been faid (and with great Ap^ pearance of Truth) that divide et impera was the miniflerial Maxim;— and that, what was a done^ THE LANDED INTEREST. I* done, or going to be done in America^ was only the Omen and Prelude to the like fatal Efta- blilhments here in Britain, For the next Step would be (and upon a l*retence full as good, and altogether as conftitutional) to break to Pieces the united Force of the Britijh Parlia- ment, by ereding one diminutive Aflembly of States at Edinburgh^ another at Tork^ a third at Londoriy and a fourth at Bath^ or Exeter^ or fomewhere in the Weft: And then, partly by flattering and cajoling, — partly by Bribes or Bullying, — by exciting their Hopes, or their Fears at one Time, — and their Jealoufies at another, — and by playing off each of thefe puny AfTemblies againft its Rival, the Minifter would ncceffarily become omnipotent;— and then fare- well to the Liberties of Old England, 3dly, I objedl alfo againft all thofe of what- ever Denomination, from the roaring Patriot in the Senate, to the miferable Scribbler in the Garret, who are the Penfioners of France^ or Spain-t or of any other rival Power: I fay, I objed againft their being Judges in this Dif- pute, bccaufe the very intent of their receiving Pay is to promote Difcorcl, and to cherilh Fac- tion-, and becaufe they cannot earn their Wages with more Facility, or with furer Succels to their Fmployers, than by patronizing fuch Schemes, as will neceffarily keep up the Dif- pytcs between Grtat-Britain and her Colonies. B 2 Bit t ■■ ■; : K .(J i it M> TO ijt ADDRESS AND APPEAL But here the Smartnefs of Debate (to life one of Mr. Burke's very fmart Exprcfllons) will be apt to fay, " Who are thofe Perfons againft •* whom your infinuations are levelled? Name *' them, if you are able : And as you ought to " be furnifhcd with the moft pofitive Proofs, ** before you are intitled to throw out fuch In- *« vedivcs, give them to the Public, in order ** that we may hold thcfe Traitors to their ♦' Country in juft Abhorrence." To all which ftrong Words I would beg Leave to fuggeft the following Anfwers. I. I think it may be allowed, without injur- ing the Caufe of Truth, qj^^ven Charity, that a Man may be fully convinced of a bad Defign, or a wicked Scheme being in Agitation, with- out being able to prove, who are the Perfons concerned in it. It is not ufual for the Guilty to call upon the Innocent to flep forwards and be their Accufers: Nor can it be expeded, that the Names of the Confpirators fhould be the firft Thing in any Confpiracy which is to be brought to Light. Indeed, generally fpcaking, this is the laft Part of any Plot, or of any bad Defign, which can be fully known, or legally afcertained. And therefore, if either the Ex- perience of former Times, or the Nature of the Cafe, can afford probable Reafons, and circum* (lantial Evidence, in Support of this Affertion, Tbaf tkere are Numbers of Penjioners to Foreign Powers THE LANDED INTEREST. 13 Powers now among us furely we have ob- taioed all the Proofs that are necefTary at pre- fcnt towards ellablifhing a general Belief of the Fad (which is the only Point here contended for); and we muft leave to Time, that great Difcovercr of political Machinations, to unravel the reft. Wherefore, 2dly, Let it be obfervcd, that the Hiftory of this very Country furnifhes us with .ftriking Examples in Confirmation of the above Aflertion. Particularly during the memo- rable Reigns of Charles the Second, and William the Third; that is, juft before, and jull after the Revolution, there were many venal Englijhmen, both in the Senate and out of it, the Penfioners of Frances who, to be fure, meant nothing by what they faid or did on thefe Occafions, and for fuch Pay, but the Good of their dear bleedirjg Country ; who therefore ftormed and thundered, fpeechified and ha- rangued, printed and publilhed out of purCt dilinterefted Zeal for the Welfare of poor Old England! Hence therefore I infer, gdly, That the like may happen again, or rather has happened al- ready, unlefs it can be (hewn, either, that France and SpaiH want no fuch Agents at pre- sent; or if they did, that they cannot now, as heretofore, find them here in Britain, In re- gard to the firft of thefc Pofitions, whofoevcr will 1^!?^ ^M' >'ii t>1 s t' rt u ADDRESS AND APPEAL to h ' will give himfelf the Trouble to examine coolly and impartially into the flendcr Reafons alleged on our Parts, for beginning two of the moft bloody and deftru6tive Wars that ever 'were known, will firid fufficient Caufe to believe, that thofe Powers will always think it to be niore for their Interefts, to cut out Work at Home for thefe reftlcfs and turbulent Iflanders (as rhey are pleaicd to call us) than to let us be at Peace among out fclves, left that Circumftance fhould give us an Opportunity of picking , Qiiancls with our Neighbours. And moft cer- tain it is, that both the former SpaniJIo (or the No-Search) War, ajid the latter French (or the yicadia and Ohio) War, were begun and carried on principally with a View to pro.motc the im- mediate InterelU of the Northern Colonies ; the •former to protei^ their Smugglers, when hover- ing about the Coafts, and when adually trading in the prohibited Ports of the Spanijh Weft' Indies \ and the latter, (a W^ar, alas! begun, without fo much as a Declaration of War!) to do, I know not what ! unlefs it was to enable the grateful Colonies to rebel again ft the Mo- ther-Country, perhaps a Generation or two fooner than othcrwife they would have done. But be that as it may, one Thing is certain, and beyond Difpute, that the more we are embroiled among ourfelvcs, the lefs Caufe will the other Powers of Europe have to fear our giving them any «( «( THE LANDED INTEREST. 15 any DiilurbancerAhd that 20,000 1. or 30,000 1. a Year fpcnt in Bribes and Pcnfions, proper)/ difpofed, to raife an Oppofition again (I Govern- ment, and to inflame the Populace againft their Rulers, will do more effedual Service to the Courts of France and Spain,, than Thirty Time^ thefe Sums laid out in manning Fleets, or equip- ping Squadrons, or preparing and embarking Troops for an Invafion. . If therefore thefe Points are (b felf-evident, as not to be denied, the only Quellion now re- maining is this, Can it be fuppofed, or is it cre- dible, that a popular Britijh Senator, a Brit{/b Pamphleteer, or a Britijb News-writer, in an Age fo pure and uncorrupt as ours, would ac- cept of a Bribe, or a Penfion on fuch diiho- nourable Conditions? And are not all thefe iU luilrlous Perfonages either of fuch w(;ll -known independent Fortunes, or of fuch fpotlefs \.aa- raders, and approved Virtue, as to be fupcrior to any Temptation of this Sort ? Now here I fay nothing, but chufe to be filent *, and ear- neftly entreat every Reader to judge for himfelf. Indeed there was a Time, when a Text of fa- cred Scripture might have been urged, as carry-| ing fome Weight In deciding the prefent Quef- ' tion: ** Beware of falfe Prophets, who come to " you in Sheep's Cloathing, but inwardly they ** are ravening Wolves. Ye Ihall know them ** by their Fruits. Do Men gather Grapes of . • " Thorns, 'II i I . t \ If, f^ p'1? '♦<' t$ ADDRESS AND APPEAL to *« Thorns, or Figs of Thiftlcs ? Even fo every *' good Tree bringech forth good Fruit -, but a •* corrupt Tree bringeth forth evil Fruit. A «* good Tree cannot bring forth evil Fruit, nci- *' ther can a corrupt Tree bring forth good " Fruit.— Wherefore by their Fruits yb •' SHALL KNOW THEM." I fay, thcrc was a> Time, when the Authority of fiich a Caution Would have been regarded as more decifive than the Productions of our modern licentious Pre(!es< But as we now live in very extraordinary Times« full of new Lights, and new Difcoveries, 1 for« bear, left our Patriots fliould accufe me of Bi- gotry, Prieftcraft, or Superftition*. * In the Year of the Rebellion 174$* and for many Years afterwards, the Lom/cm Evtm'ng Poft (now a Re* publican) was then a ftanning Jaeoiiti Paptr : During which Period the Author of thefe Tra£ls had frequently the Honour of being abufed by him, under the Charai^er of a hvii'ebnrtb, famuicalt Olivtri»H IVbig* Once in particular (above ao Years ago) he was corn pli men ted in the high- flown Strain of J^ab btn Tucktr bin Judas I/tarht* The Times are now greatly altered ; and fo is the Tone of the Abufe. But the Author is perfeflly refigned to thcfe Vi- ciiTitudes of human Affairs : And he has no other Favour to aflc of this, and of all his Brother Scribblers, whether weekly or monthly, in Sheets, or in Pamphlets, than that they would mrotr prai/i bim ; becaufe that, and that only, he fliould look upon to be a rtal Di/gract. But it is not the Ltiulon Evining Ptfl alone, who from a violent Jacobite Itas commenced a fierce Republican. Many like Inftances may be recolle£ted. And indeed the Tranlition is natural enough ; for if a Man can be fo abfurd as to think that there is an initftafibU Right in any one Family, when that Family becomes txtinff, he turns a Republican. V 4^hly, TiiB I|A N P fJ) IN i: ? R 1 ST. if 4thly, I c^^refsfy cxc/^pt againii 4I Pcr%ii of RepuplicM Prii)ciples fpr yery (^vi^s |(ea« , fonsi % though they dignify tlKnifclves jby db^ Name of Whigs, j yet as they ar^p^ not th? ge*. nuine, confiitutional JVhigs of this Kipg^kuiii, J>U€ an unnatural ^up^rfoetation, t^^the ^vpwed Enemies 6f| tlie Britifi Conftitutioo, |hey ought not to be allowed to fit in Judgment in. a Britijh Caufc. They arc, it is^jiycU-knowp, ;ihc pro^ fcffed Adypcatcs for ,cof{tinuiDjgj and ifijmpnw^g the Union bct-weeri. GW-JJr;/<7^^find hcr,Col9- niesi aric} yet they wifli, a()ove^ll Jl^jngs, tp fee theie Colonies totally .esLcmpt from, and in- dependent of, th« Powei" and JMrif(liAip;> oiFthe Britijh Legiflature. Now, how are we to re- concile thefe glaring Contradictions ? And what is the Reafon for profeiiing fuch a prepofierpuai 2eal for America^ in Preference both to the, Interefts, and tlohour, of their native Country ^ The Reafon is this: — They thinki that by che- rifhing and protedting a Republican i^ovemriient in the Colonics, they arc paving the Way for in- troducing a fimilar ECtablifhment into Great Britain, Therefore Refublicifm is the Bond oi Union between thefe unnatural En^lijhmen and their Fellow-Labourers ot America: Hepublicifm^ 1 fay, [pardon the tjfc of a new Word, where the Langu^^e doth not afrbrd a better] is made the common Caufefor uniting Perfons of the mo^ difcordant Intereds, and di^erent Inclinations in other Rcfpcfts. C And 1 1 *^1 ■IS kill r I :t I ! 1^; It it A6Dlt£iSS Alto APPEAL t6 Ahd I will add, as an lUuftration of this Mat- t<^r, and to fliew how far certain Perfons will go to obtaif) their Enda, that the Republicans in the Reigns of Charlis II. James II. and William III. joined the Conftitutionalifts in bringing aboiit^^e Revolution^ chiefly with the Hopes, that a Prince who owed his Election to the Voice of the People, might thf eafter be dethroned by the fame People, whenever they could get them kto the Mood to do it, whether With, or Withoill^ a Caufe. For the very Sound 6f Monarchyiliowever limited, or however well Adminiftinred, is grachig to their Ears. They Cannot bear to think, that one Man, or one Fa- mily, Ihould be fo much exalted zhovetbrnfihef^ in Contradi^ion to their darling Makim of a KAtURAL EoyALitr. And this Scheme for laying the Foundation of a ^ew and equal Re- public, is what the Republicans really ihtend by ufing the '^hrafe Revolution-Principles at this Day. In (hort, we have now the mbft authen- tic Proofs^ that their Predeceffc-s of old tried all Means in their Power, and even applied to the Court oi France firft to prevent, and then to defeat the Revolution, and to fet up a Repub- lican Form in its iteadi alleging that it was more for the Intereft of that Court to have a Kepublican Government take place in England^ fomcwhat after the Example of that of Holland^ than any Kind of Monarchical Conilitution ; becaufe this, at one Time or otheri might be- ■ -* a come i Ai rut LANDED INTDIlp^T. 19 come a troublefonie Neighbour, and a danger- ous RivaU whereas nothing of that Kind was to be feared from a mere fimple Lemocrofy* Moreover, in fome Years afterwards, when the Crown was fettled on the Houfe of Hamver<» we know it well, (for it is no Secret) that the Re- publicans both then, and fince, had no other Merit towards that Houfe, notwithfianding all their Boaftings, than that of referving its Princes, like the Prifoners iq Polyphcmus's Den, to it devoured the hfi, A mighty. Favour truly 1 For which our Ears are perpetually dinned with a Repetkran of the Services of ihefe Men towards the ungrateful HoMie of ffaHeverl . ,:- . And now, my Lords and Gentlemen^ having excepted againft Courtiers and Placemen zs/ufh^ ■^—againft pretended Fsxriots on every Jccount^ — againft the Fenfioners of foreign Powers,— and againll rank Republicans % — my humble Requeft is, that the Caufe between Mr. Burke and me may be tried by the Landi p Interest only. ^ke)^ are certainly the propereft and mod unex- ceptionable Judges i for they have the moft at Stake \ and their intereft, and the Intereit of the Public, muft neceflarily coincide. They can gain nothing either by War, or Peace, by a Submiflion to, or a Separation from, the Re- . irolters in Nortb-Amerka^ but what mult tend %Q the general, as well as to their own particular " C 2 Advantage. |f i- 9 If.' i 14 y^^DDBLESS ANi]^ APPfeAli T9 Acl vantage. Whereas alflioKlf every other Rani? of Meh may ifin^ their Account, in countenance ing and fupporting fuch Meafureis, as may greatly enrich themfelves, tho* at the Expence of depopulating and impoverilhing their native C:ountry.^ ■' ■ ^"^''"^ ' ■ " '■'•"■: ' Nor, my Lords and Gentlemen, is this Caufe beneath your folemn Notice and Regard. In the former Spanijh [or no'fearch] War, you fpent above Shety Millions Sterling, including the extraordinary Sums raifed, and the frefh Debts contracted: — And in the laft Fnencb^ Obi^t or Acadia War, you fpent above Ninety Mil- lions Sterling, if computed after the fame Manner, viz. Additional Sums annually raifed, ^nd new Debts contraded. And all, alas! for what! !! !• But ^^i * The late Dr. Butler, Biihop of Btijidt and after* V'ards of Purham, had a Angular Notion Teipe£ting large Communities and public Bodies ;— a Notion which perhaps is not altogether unapphcable to the psefent Cafe. His Cuftom was, when at Brijlol, to walk for Hourit in his Gar- den in the darkeft Night, which the Time of the Year ^uld afibrd » and I. had frequently the Honour to attend him* After walking fome Time, he would ilop fuddenly, and afic the Quedion, *' What Security is thfcre againft the nd private Life, and particularly t\it fair unfulUtd Monuments of national Gratitude. Or if this likewife (hould prove to be a Pill too large, and too naufeous for EngUfbmen to fwallows — then, thirdly, we are to fuppofe, in order to end all Controverfy, that the Trade 'With thefe North- Ameritans is fo eflential to our Interefts, as a commercial Nation, that we muft keep them in Good Humour at any Rate, and at any £xpencet— left they (hould deprive us of their Cuftom, to the utter Ruin of our Manu* fa£tures. Shipping, Navigation, &c. d(C. &:c» Or laftly, we muft fuppoie, that Old England is in Fa£t grown fo exceedingly weak and impo- tent, and America fo very ftrong and powerful, that it is in vain to refift any Encroachments, which the Colonies may make on the Mother- Country :^— For in fuoh Circumftances, it is more prudent to fubmit to the prefent Evils, great as they are, than to provoke our Con* querors to inflidt ftill greater. | tkft iANDED INTEREST. H I fay, one or t>tlidr of thefe ibur Suppolitiohi muft neceflarily be made, before Mr. Burke's Plan can terminate in real Peace, and reft ore that Harmony,' of which he makes fuch conti«' nual Bbaftifigs. htt him therefore, at his own Leifure, take his Choice of either of the four, or even adopt them all, if he pleafes, and makid the moft of them. > ' In the mean while, deign, my Lords and Gentlemen, to caft your Eyes on my Plati {cbiiiijh as it is reprefented by him to be) of a Mai Separation, And firft of all. Is it prad^ica^ ble in itfelf? And could it be executed with Eafe, if heartily fet about? — Suppofc therefore, that you were to recal your Fleets and Armies, and publifti to xhs Americans the following Ma-^ nifefto, couched under the Form of an A<51 of Parliament. -' ' «« Wherias many of the 5r////& Prbvincesv *• Colonies, and Plantations in Nsrih-AtnericOi *' after having made from Time to Time va- *' rious Attempts to thr-ow off, or fubvert the le^ " giflative Authority and Jurifdidion of Great- *' Britain^ have at length proceeded to the " greateft and mofl daring Outrages foraccom- ** plifhing the fame, by entering into illegal •• Combinations and traitorous Confpiracies, and •• even by breaking out into open and undif- " guifed rebellion: And whereas the lohabi- ^_ tantt in general of ithe iaid Provinces, Cole- " i?ies» fi r , n ij ?; t« •« 34 ADDRESS and APPEAL lo ^* nirs, and Plantations, (bew not the Icafl; Signsi ** of Sorrow and Contrition for their pafl: Offences, nor any Defire to implore the Cle- mency of the Parent-State, wiiich hath in. ** all Inftances cherilhcd, fupported, and pro- *^ ted:ed them at an immenle Expence both of «« Blood and Trcafure^ bur, on the contrary, " continue to increafc their hoftilc Preparations •• for oppofing, by Violence and Force of Arms, *^ the Execution of the Laws made by the fu-^ *' premc Legillaturc of Parliament for the due •* Governance and conftitutionai Dependence •« of fuch fubordinatc States and Provinces j * Bb it tliereforc enadled by the King's moft *• excellent Majefly,by and with the Advice and ** Conlbnt of the Lords Spiritual and Tempo- " ml, and of the Commons of Great-Britain in " Parliament aircmblcd ; — that every fuch Pro* *• vincc. Colony, and Plantation which either *' now is, or at the Day of next cnfuing (hall be found to be in Arms and Rebellion againft the Laws and Authority •* of the fuprcme Legiflature of Great'Britain, " iliall, from and after the Time above menti- ** oned, be totally cut off, fevered and fepa- •* rated from the Britijh Empire •, and that all " its Inhabitants fliall be declared, and are here- *» by declared to have loft and forfeited all Pri- ** vilegcs and Advantages, Benefits and Pro- ^* teflion both by Sea and Land, belonging, cc C( ■f«*.'«»l.* il or THE LANDED INTEREST. 25 ^ or fuppofed to belong to the SubjeAs of ** Great-Britain *, and that they (hall be deemed^ ** taken, and reputed, in all Courts of Law, and ** in all Refpefts whatever, to be as much Aliens ** and Foreigners, and fubjedt to the fame Inca- ** pacities, as if they had been Aliens born. ♦* Provided neverthelefs, and to the Intent, ** that as far as the Nature of the Cafe wi)l ad- •« mit, the Innocent may not be involved in the " Punifhment intended only for the Guilty, be ** it enacted by the Authority aforefaid, that it ** (hall and may be lawful for his Majeily, and ** for his Heirs and Succeflbrs, at any Time, to ** grant a Pardon to a whole State, Province, or ** Colony, now in Rebellion, under the Great *' Seal of the Realm ; or to one or more Inha- ** bitant or Inhabitants thereof under the Seal ** Manual, and to rejiore fuch Colony, or fuch *« Perfon or Perfons to their former Rights and Privileges, as Britijh Subjcds, when it Ihall appear to his Majedy in Council, that fuch a Province, or Colony, or fuch a Petitioner or ♦* Petitioners is, arc, or Ihall be defcrving of his •* Royal Clemency and Favour." Suppose, I fay, fuch a Manifefto, or one to this Effed, and couched under the Form of an Adk of Parliament, to be proclaimed to the World concerning the Rebellion now exifting in /America: And then I afk, what poflible Dif- ficulty could attend the Execution of it? Or D who ft( C( cc ■. ,l i ■i m 26 ADDRESS AND APPEAL to ivho would even attempt to prevent it ? The only People or Nation, who would wifli to ob- (Irufb the E^^ecution of fuch a Law, are the Americans themfelves*, for they have no Manner of Objection againil participating in all Kinds of Benefits to be derived from an Union with us } though they raife fuch terrible Outcries againfl: (haring in any of" our Burdens: And yet their Efforts and Oppofition would be all in vain ; becaufe, tho* you fhould even allow that they are able to maintain their Independence in jdme- rica^ that Circumftance would not render them the Conquerors of Great-Bntain, much lefs of the reft of the World, who muft of courfe re- main independent of them. Therefore, fo far at leaft my Syftcm. muft have the Preference to Mr. Burke's. 2dly, The next Queftion is, fFbicb Syftem can be carried into Execution with the leaft Expence? And fiir(rly,as we have hitherto been engaged in nothing but Profufion and Extravagance, it is now high Time to adopt, if wc can, lome ufeful Scheme of Frugality and CEcononiy in regard to America. Now, my Lords and Gentlemen, here again permit me to afk. What Expences can poffibly attend tlie Execution of my Scheme ? — The Thing itfclf is no fooner laid, than done. And all the Charges attending it arc fummed up in (he trifling Articles of Pen, Ink, Paper, and I'rintiDp;. -TttE Landed interest. 27 l*rinting. Whereas Mr. Burke's Syfterti, eveh according to his own Account, will entail upon you Expences always increafing, nay, next to infinite. You muft, for Example, win ovei* the Heads and Leaders of the new American Par- liaments by Means of "Great Honours and ** great Emoluments," [a pretty Periphrafis this to defcribe the Art of Brilfing!] in order to co- operate with the Plans ot the Britijh Parliament, and to bear a fhare of the general Burdens o^ . ihc Britijh Ertifirc, •^■ *• You muft alfo gtiard their Coafts at all Times, and protcft them from all Invaders: And when they chufe to amufe themfelves by going oA fmtiggUng^ truckings huckftering, and buccaneering Parties on the Spanijh Mairt, then you muft more ' panicularly ftand up in their Defence, and infift on their Veflels not being fearched by the 5;)^- w^ Quardacoftas. And if thc5^^wWjlhould think this an hard Meafure, and appeal to the Pradlice and E^xampl^ of Englijhmen themfelves, who never fail to fcarch the Ships of all Nations, if found hovering on their Ccafts, you muft pofitively and vehemently fay, that the Cafe is luidely different: — Then you have a fufficient Plea for declaring War againlt tlicmi — then, my Lords and Gentlemen, relblvc (as your Pre- dccefiTors did before) never to make Peace till the Right of Searching is {^iven up •, — then fpend another/.\/)' or nim'ty Milliciis in tliis new D 2 C^iarrcli ff' i ::i ; '.' ,'\ iw m aS ADDRESS and APPEAL jq Quarrel;— and at laft make Peace (as they did) ift^ithout ever mentioning the Right of not being fearched; for which alone they pret^inded to go to War. • But this is not all :— For when the Back- Settlers in America fhall have '< topped the Apa- ** lacbian Mountains in fufficient Numbers to •• conftitute Hords of Englijh Tartars, pour- *' ing down an irrefiftible Cavalry on the un- " fortified Frontiers;" — who is to refiji thefe Irrefiftibks? — Not the Colonifts or Provincials; for they, poor People, tho' now 1 50,000 ftrong, [fee General Lee's Letter] to fight againft their Prote(5lors and Defenders, will neverthelefs be fo frightened at the Sight of this Jpalacbian Tartar Cavalry, that they will again cry out for Help to the Mother-Country; — again, I fay, as they did before, when only an Handful of • French and Indians appeared againft them. ♦ See, for a Proof of this Faft, Firft, a Meflage from the General Afllmbly of Maficbu/tt's Bay to Governor Shirley, 4th of January^ 1754. Secondly, A Meflage from the Council and floufe of Reprelcntatives of ditto to ditto. Thirdly, An Addrefs from the Council of Repre- fentativcs of ditto to ditto. Fourthly, An Addrefs of the Affembly of yirginia to the King. JFifthly, A Reprefenta- tion of the Commiilloncrs met at Albany » And Sixthly, Extrafts from the Proceedings of the Concrlss at Albany ^ all in the Year 1754. And all of them antecedent to the Arrival of the two Rejjiments under Genkral Brad- dock. I would here recommend the Pcrufal oi Tht Con- tro'verfy betnveen Great- Britain and htr Colonies, printed for Almun, to thofe who wi(h for a fuller Infonnaiion on ihefe inierelling Point«i particularly from Page 107 to 136* And THE LANDED INTEREST. 29 Afed indeed, if the Mothcr-Gountry will aft the Part of Don fixate to that Degree, as to ex- pend her bed Blood and TreafJure in their Caufe, why fliould they incur any Dangers in their own dear Perfons? Why be at the Pains and Charges of defending themfelves, when they can fo cafily get the Britijh Nation to fight, and bleed, and do every Thing/or them ? Befides, Mr. Burke has already declared in exprefs Terms, [Page 98, 2d Edit.] that America must not BE exhausted. Exhauft therefore yourfelves, my Lords and Gentlemen! as much as you pleafe, or as much as you can; but do not expert Afliftance from America^ even in her own Defence, whilft Ihe can get fuch Knight- Errants as the Englijh to fight her Battles ; and whilft (he can raife Patriots and Pam- phleteers, News- Writers, and Republicans, with- out Number, to yell the Jmmcan War-Hoop, and to denounce black and bitter Days againft thofe who fliould even hefitate to obey her Commands. But the third Queftion is, Which Scheme is heft calculated to prevent the like Dijlurbances for the future? And here I would humbly beg Leave to ob- fcrve, that if my Scheme had nothing ellc to re- commend it to your Notice, it moll infallibly cuts off all the prefcnt Caufes of Difpute and Contention between the two Countries v fo that they k K'' m m 30 ADDRESS AND APPEAL to they never can revive again. Whereas Mr. Burkb's is, at bed, but a tennporary CefTation from Hoftilitiesj a mere Truce, till both Par- ties can be recruited, and better provided to begin the War again. Nay, his would be found in the Event,^— not only to be no Manner of Cure or Palliation of the prefent Evils, but even gready to foment them, and alfo to engender many new ones. * For Example: — Granting, that Peace was made on the very Terms which Mr. Burke requires : — Granting, that we repealed every Aft of Parliament to which the Jmerieans have thought proper to objcft :— Granting alfo, that we renounce for ever any Claim of Right to levy Taxes: — And granting, in fhort, that the American Affcmblics became fo many diftinft Parliaments, fupreme within thenifelves, and independent of all others:— Still, Whilft thefe Anurican Independents arc to be proteded by the Britijh Flag •, whilft they are to enjoy all the Rights and Privileges of natural-born Britijb Subjeds, both at Home and Abroad, and in every Part of the Globe, — Queflions willy and mufty and ought to arifc, on what Terms are thele independent Americans to be thus protect- ed? And what Coiiipenration is to be made to the '^lother-Country, for communicating to thc»*' her moll valuable Rights and Privileges? Are chey really to enjoy all I'olls of Honour and 6 Preferment, mtai 'v' "i THE Jl^ANDED INTEREST. 31 Preferment, and all Places of Truft and Profit, and CO be entitled to every Sort of Advantage, * Safeguard, 2nd Proteflion, equally with the Natives of Gnat-Britain i and yet to make no Uecompence or Acknowledgment for all thefe Favours? — The Anfwer of every ftaunch jime* ricafif and of Mr, Burke their Advocate Ge- neral, muft be as follows, (for on their Prin- ciples they can return no other) That each in- dependent American Parliament will be ready to give and to grant to Great-Britain^ by Way of Recompence or Gratification, the whole Sum of — whatever they Jball think properyand no more\m And that in refpeft to the Regulations of Ame^ rican Commerce, they will confent, that you ihall put whatever nominal Reftraints you pleafe I''). • Were it not for the Britijh Fleets, and for the FortrefTes of Gibraltar and Port-MahoHt — and in fliort for the general Terror of the Britijh Name, all the piratical States of Bar" hary would immediately feize on Ammcan Ships, when car* rying Fifl), or Rice, or any other Ammcan Produce South of Cape Finifttrrtt as their lawful Prey. And yi Ameriett doth not pay a fmgle Shilling towards the Support of our Fleets, or the Miiinienance of our Forts and Garrifooi in any Pan of the World, f See the Refolutions of the grand Continental Congrefs, il Oppofition to the reconciliatory Propofal of Parliament for permitting each Province to tax itfelf, according to its own Mode, [n thefe Refolutions they expreAly declare, that they will be the folc Judges, not only of the Mode of raifing, but alfo of the Sum or Quantum to be raifed, and of the Application of it: And that the Parliament of Great* j^ritaia hath no Right to decide as to eitiur of thefe Points. upon 3« ADDRESS and APPEAL to Vpon it, provided you will not enforce fuch Re- ftraints by any Forfeitures or Penalties, which Ihall imply the moji dijiant Idea of * 'Taxation •,— and provided alfo that, if Offences ihould be fuppofed to be committed, they, (the Amm^ cans) and no others, fliall be allowed to be Judges both of the Nature, and of the Degree of each Oflfence ; and that the Caufe fhall be tried no where elfe, but in their own Antericat^ (^ourts, and by their own American Juries. Now, my Lords and Gentlemen, fufFer me, I bcfecch you, to appeal to your own good Senfe and Underftandings on this Head.— Aflc your- felves this jilain Queftion, Is fuch a Plan of Reconciliation as Mr. Bur^e propofes, a Jikely Method of terminating the prefent Dif- putes between the Mother-Country and her Co- lonies ? Nay afk farther, — Hath it fo much as a Tendency to cool and moderate themi* Or rather, doth it not feem much better contrived to inflame, than to extinguifh ; to kindle new Fires, than to quench old oncsB Besidls, whtn each of thefe American Aflem- blies lliall be ereded into a diftindt Parliament, fuprem^ within iticif, and independent of the relt, — Is it poflible to fuppofe, that no new Dif- * * The Jmericans 1 ave already declare:!, that they wil! coplider every rijlraining or ccmptilltng L.aw, as a Tax uponi their Property. — bee DiciciNiON's Letters. putes, ?rHE Landed iKtERfist*. jj puces, or new Dificrence$ Will afiie between fucli co-ordinate Stated and rival Powers ^ — neigb" houring^ jealous^ and contending Powers> I fay, whofe refpeftiye Limits are in niany Inftances as yet undefined, if really definable I And is ic at all confiHent with any Degree of common Senfe, or daily Experience, to fuppofe that fuch Com- buftibles as thefe will not fpeedily catch Fire ?— Efpecially, if we take into the Account, the d:f' cordant Tempers of the Inhabitants of theie re- fpe6tive Provinces, their inbred Hatreds and An- tipathies againft each other, their dififerent Modes of Life, the Difference of Climate, Religion, M^f^ners, Habits of thinking, &c. &c. .^ N0W9 when l^umults and Diforders fhall arife from any of thefe various Caiifes, — What is to be done ? . And to whom, or to what common Head, or gcncralJUmpire, is the appellant Pro- vince to carry her Complaint? — The Parliament of Great Britain^ it fecms, muft no longer inter- fere \ for that fs no longer the fupreme Head of the Empire, to which all the Parts ufed to be fubordinate, and profefled to be obedient \ therefore, being deftitute of any authoritative or conftitutional Right to compel SubmiOjon, al! it can do, is to offer its good Services by Way of Mediation i and that is, generally fpeaking, juft nothing at all. Is then the Kino (abflradled from the Parlia- ment) to be appealed to in this arduous Affair ? And is he alone (in h\% mtiz perfonal Capacity) •i ■ :'\ iii ii. 34 ADDRESS AND APPEAL to to command the Peace to be preferved betweett State and State, or Province andJProvincc.— * Is he, I fay, (abftradted from being a king of Great Britain) to fummon all the Parties before himfelf and his Privy Council, in order to hear their refpedive Allegations^ and finally to deter- mine, and fettle the Differences between them ? Be it fo : Then if he only is to decide*, ds in an Jiffair relating to bis own private Patrimony, in * The Princes of the Hoafe of St v art took it into their Heads to believe, that all Colonies were their private Patrimony; in refped of which the ParliBineac bad no Right to intermeddle. This Notion, fo long ago juiUy ex-^ ploded, is now revived, (llrange to tell !) even by modern Patriots, and American Republicans : For they are the' Peo- ple at prefenty and not the King's Miniftcr6> who propofe to exalt the Prerogatives of the Crown to the Subveriion of the Rights, Privileges, and Liberties of the Bntijb Ixi^a- ment, and the Britijh Nation. Indeed fo far, it mml be owned, is Fadl, — thuc as the Princes of that Houfe'had the firft modelling of the Colonies, they introduced a PraOice (liill mofl abfurdly retained, tho' without any Power to en- force it) of bringing all Appeals before themfelves and their Privy Councils, inftead of before the Court of King's i^ench or the Houl'e of Lords ; which i» the only regular and conflicutional Mode of appealing, and the only one now obfervcd in Appeals from Ireland* However, not- wiihftanding this Impropriety, as the king can fend no armed Forces to Amtrica, without Confent of Parliament firit had (or their Maintenance, and afterwards for author fi/ing the (Jfe of military Law, and military Difcipline among them, it maybe jullly averred, that the King doth in no other exdufive Senfe govern America, than as the ible executive Power, which is to enforce and put in Motion the Laws and decrees of the I'upreme Legiflature of Great Britain* See a very candid and impartial. Account of th s Matter in a Book intituled, " Remarks on the principal " Afts of the 1 3ih Parliament of Great Britam" from Paee tSLi0 4C. • •» - -^ * s- • / . v-w.' v^. *♦ c. ' whtcb f»hieh vte bovi no more Conarutbau we have with ffattover^^t ncceifarily follows, chat he muQ; be inveiled whh fufficient Power (independenc of, and without the Confenc of Parliament) to enforce thefe Decifipns^ for a Decree without « Power to enforce it, and to compel Obedience^ is altogether nugatory and vain. : Now, n:>y Lords and Gentlemen, this brings us to the laft point of Comparifon between Mr. Burke's, atid ny Syfiem^ viz. Which will leaft endanger, or rather, which is beft adapted to prefcrve our preient happy Conftitution ? Mr.BuRKfi's, youiiee, (if confiftenc withitielf ) muft in veil: the Prince with an amazing Degree of Power !— even with fuch a Degree as (hall be fufficient to controul the refractory States of /imerita, from one, End of the Continent to the other. Nay, what is ftill more, this fupreme^ controuling Power muft be the only Center of Union throughout the Empire. Nothing be« fides is fo much as propofed i and indeed no- thing befides (when the parliamentary Connect tion is difTolved) can be fufficient to tie all the Parts together i — Parts fo widely diftant, fo to- tally disjoined from each other, as the Briiijb Ifles and the American Continent, Now here again permit me to afk, Is not this a very alarming Circumftance even in Contem- plation ? And is all our boafted Zeal for Liberty to end at laft only in that Union and Connexion which can be procured to the feveral detached £ ? Pans i' tv. if-. fc.il I ^^ ADDRESS AH© APPEAL to farts of the Empire by mcans'of a Court, and* of a ' ftanding Army ? — A large (landing Army to be kept up independently of the Brifijh Par- liament ! — .And that too for the exprefs Purpofc of enforcing the Decrees and Arbitratbns of the Gotarc ! . ' ■ ^^^i^r^^^' But this is not all ; for even a (landing Ar« my would not be fo formidable (becaufe it would foon moulder away) were no Means to be found o^t for its Support and Maintenance: Now this Scheme of many independept Parlia- ments points to the very Means of obtaining the neceiTary Supplies s for, as an ingenious Fo- reigner has very judicioudy obfervcd *, *• A Sovereign who depends, with regard to Sup- plies, on fcveral AlTemblies, in Faft depends upon none. An Agent for the American Co-» ** lonies, [I fuppofe the Author meant Dr. •' Franklin] in his Examination before the " Houfe of Commons, (Anno 1766, P. 122) *' has even fuggeftcd in three Words the whole ** Subftancc of what I have endeavoured to "prove on that Subjefti when he faid, ^be ** granting Aids to the Crown is the onh^ Means ccllencics of the Etiglijh Conftitation, — a Conttitution, as he juAly observes, the only one in its Kind, pontkriius ti' 4 * ^'thi Iv p ' THE LANDED INTEREST.^ ** tbeAmmcans have of REC0MME^fDING them-^ *• SELVES TO THEIR SOVEREIGN. Nothing ** therefore could be more fatal to Engli/h Li- ** bcrty (and to American Liberty in the liTue) '* than the Adoption of the Idea, cherifhed by *^ the Americans^ of having diftindt independent '* Aflemblies of their own, who (hould treat im* ** mediately with the King, and grant him Sub» *^ iidies, to the utter Annihilation of the Powell **• of thofe antient, and hitherto fuccefsful Af4 •• fertors of general liberty, tht Britijh Parlia« ^ ment/' ., ■^..».^My¥*«Ni>i.» . -^^f 'To thefe Reflexions in this and in other Parts of his Book, the judicious Author addi many ftriking Examples, particularly the prefect State of the Want of Liberty in France and Spaini by way of confirming and corroborating iiis Argument. But jn my humble Opinion there is ftili a more forcible Example to be drawn from the Cafe of the hereditary Domini- ons of the Houfe of Aujiria, For it is well known, that the Princes of that Houle rule in as abfolute a Manner over every Part of their vaft PoiTeiTions as the Sovereigns either of France or Spain ; and yet there are States (an- fwering to our Parliaments) in a! mod every Country belonging to the Auftrian Dominions } nay, thefe States are frequently fummoned to meet together; which is not the Cafe with, the general national Affmhlies o£ France^ or with the ^ Certes \ M'^n 'i' 38 ADPJ^EiSS ANp APPEAL ra OrUs^i ^pain. How then comes \t to pai««*^ that fuch Meetings produce Uttle or no Effe^bs in reg»rd to the obcaming of a rea/onakU Degree pf Liberty for the People, which every Subjcft^ if in his right Senfes, wifhes to obtain ? The Keifon is obvious :**-There are a Multitude of little 'States or Parliaments within the Territo* lies of t|ie Houfe of Aufirin v-^the States of AufiHBy (not to mention, the ieveral ftill IdTo: States in the ffetbtriand:) the States of Bobewiia^ States oiHuf^gary^ q[ TratifihaniOt Stiria^ Carin-* tbia^ Carnielaj &c. &c. But all thefe petty Stales, or Parliaments, being totally independent fof, and conife^uently Cam^etita^jyt'ithy and /?i- vals to each other, never can a£b in Concert, or liurfue one general Plan, or attend to one com- fmn Inttreft ;^-pSo that the Power of the Prince, which would have been too weak to have con- tended with them all, if all had been vnit&d (like the pailiament of Great Britain) in $ne tvmpafff and general Body^ — becomes an Over* match for any one of them fnigly and disjointed from the reft : — And this is the true Reafon, why the Houfe of Auftria governs all her Pro- vinces with fo high an Hand at this Day. In ihort. Divide e« piitieiy Vice Roys^ and Lord Lieoteiiants. , M»- ny^of you» I make no Doubt, have heard him declare, that the great Continent of Briiijb Ann- rifa (whichi according tqi his Coippotatiofi, wUi cojitain nearly One Hundred Millions of In* habitants in little more than a Century) ough( to become the Seat of general Empire. And it inight be eaTily gathered from the whole Turn of his Conveifration that he thought it no very difficult matter in the Courfe of Things to bring this important Point to bear ;— that is, to induce fome future Sovereign of this Country to make the wiflied-for Exchange } — partly by the Ob- ftacles which might be thrown in his Way, were he to perfift in remainiog^ here [Qbftacles, of which we have an igrtpous Spetimn already] and partly by the alluring Tempations which might l^e offisred him to, quit this petty Spov and refide in Amtri^a.-^l fay, many of you mufli have hcardDr. FftAKKLiN haranguing a&er t|iis Sort I or hi^ve feen Letters from hiin to thft fame E£Fe6t:— For tl^at this was his d«r)ing> Scheme, even before he came to refide in Eng" kmd^ i have been well aflured i as well as his lavourite Topic eVer afterwards. Therefor^ I ♦ill • THE LANDED IN.TJIRiiST, 41 will add, that by the Help of this CommeDt, Vie can explain many PaflTages in the Declara- tions of the grand American Congrefs, whicli otherwife mu(t appear to be either qauleous Compliments, or grofs CohtradidUons : — Tbc PafTages I refer to, are tlie Proteftations fo often and fo (blemnly repeated, that tfey [the Americans] have no Intention of fepai at ig from this Country ; and that they have ^the pureft Iioyalty to the King, and the ftrongeft Attach- ment to the illuftrious Houfe of ///raovfr. This Key therefore unlocks the whole Myftery of their (otherwife unaccountable) Proceedings, And as Popb faid on another Occafion : *T|i itt the fuUki P4^ci^' There aton«, The Wild are cooftant, anid the CkmiiKg known. Thii Clae^ once (ovuad, unriveli aU \he«tttp . . The Proipcft dears, and Clod to ftandi confcft. In the mean Time, becaiifc his Majefty h gra- cioudy diitwfed to join with Great Britain againft America in this Copteft for Empire, (for in Fa£b that is the rhl Difpute, whatever may be the Pretence) not only many among the Americans, but among Englijhmen themfelves» vent the bittereft Reproaches againft him for being the beft Friend ahd Protestor of the Mother- Country. Surely Pofterity will (land amazed at fuch a Procedure ! The like Scenes of Infa- tuation and Ingratitude (not to mention Difloy- F rity Mj M' &h^ LI" At ADDRESS AN0 APPEAL to ilty and Rebellion) never yet difgraced the Annals of the World ! And it feems" to be re^ ferved as a Mark of Infamy peculiar to thie pre- fent Age, and our modern Race of Patriots, ^lia^ while the JPrinpe on the Throne is inccITantly endeavouring to keep his People free, and to fccure their Freedom more and more by all prp- per and conftitutional Meafures, fuch Numbers Inould be found amongn his Subjects, who are equally induftrious to thwart his truly patriotic DeHgns, and to rufh headlong into Slavery. But as Proyidence very ofpen brings the greateft Good out of the worft of Evils, let us not dcfpair, but that thefe very Attempts, wicked and unnatural as they arc, may be the Means of uniting all honeil, and welMnter^- tioned Men the firmer together, in order to fup- port, and even to ftrcngthcn the prcfent Confti- tu;ion. For Example, the two great I Hands of Britain and Ireland^ which are only feparated by a narrov; Sea, ought not to be feparated at all by dilVcrent governments, Laws, or Parlia- ments. N(^ good Keafon upon Earth can be given fqr luch a Separation : And it has long been the ardent Willi of every true Patriot in both ^Jations, to fee them united. Indeed, the ^bell that qan be faid for the Continuance of th^ prcfent abllird Syftem is, that the City oiDuh' Jin would be a SulTcrer by the Removal of the Court and Parliament :— I fay, this is the very ^ * beft fond Mom THE LANDED INTJElREST. 4^^ bed Argument |;rhich can be urged : And yet this]^ h^s no Foundation at all, but in the Prejudices of the Populace, who are almofl: perpetually, niiftaking their own Interefts. Even the City of Dublin would be a very great Gatfter by Aich^ a Removal *, for it w6uld acquire Induftry in Exchange for Jdienefs', and Ihen the Hands of its Tradefmen, by being the Hands of the Dili-, gene, would enrich each other by reciprocal Em- ployment} — the Hands, I fay, of thofe very Tradefmen, who, in their prefent State, are al- mofl: as poor, as the pooreft in the King- dom.— That this is the natural and neceffary Courfe of Things, and not an idle Theory, or vifionary Speculation, I appeal to Fadl and daily Experience i — and I appeal, not only to the Cafe of Edinburgh^ which is now three Times, at leafl:, as rich and flourilhing, as when it was the Refi- dcnce of a Court, and of a Parliament ; but I appeal alfo to almoft every Town in Ireland: Corky and Bel/aft for Example, have neither Courts, nor Parliaments*, and yet their Mer- chants, Manufacturers, and Traders are much richer in Proportion to their Numbers, than thofe of Dublin: And what is (till more extra- ordinary, thofe little Towns, which once thought themfclves happy in procuring Barracks to be erc(5ted among them, in order to obtain, as they fondly imagined, the Benefit of a great Plow of Money y are now pcrfeflly convinced, that Towns F a without s t% 'I iti t. X i t f I .. ^ ADI^REfi^ AND APPEAL to without Barracks, or Towns frotti which Bar* racks have been renioved, are in a much more fiourifhing Condition, than tbole which have them. — Of fo mifchievous a Tendency is the Circulation of Money, when it becomes the Means of introducing Idlenefs, and of prevent- ing Induftry. For, r^afon as long as you will oti the Subject, the adual State of Things will ever prove itfelf to be this, that Idlenefs is the Parent of Poverty, and Indullry the only Source of real Riches. But, my Lords and Gentlemen, this is not all, and my'Scheme of an Union with Irtlatid is calculated not only to introduce Wealth, and to prevent Idlenefs in the fingle City of Duklini but alfo to diffufe conftitutional Strength and Firm- nefs, and to create a Stability and Compad^nefs throughout the whole Empire: Whereas Mr. Burke's has as neceflfary a Tendency to weaken and disjoin every Part of it, and to fow JealouHes and Diflenfions both at Home and Abroad, in the Mother-Country, and in the Colonies:—- The unavoidable Confequence of which would be at the laft, arbitrary and defpotic Power. In one Word, the true Motto for my Scheme is,^ yis ufiita fortior \ and for his "Drndi et impera. Judge therefore, as Men who are more deeply concerned in preferving and improving the pre* fent Conftitution, than any Clafs of men what- ever j-judge, I fay, whether Mr, Burke's Scheme 6 or JU M « <« «C «]| <« <• kn or mine, in regard to Jmerica^ ought to have tha Preference. You have every Meant of lofyt^ mation now at your'Comniand : Your Bir«h» your Rank, and Education, lift you up ^nuch atH>v« the Prejudicea of the Vulgar i whilft your patri- monial Ellaces and ample Fortunes fcreen you from a Multitude of chofe Temptations, to which other Men are grievouQy expofed. And yet, my Lords and Gentlemen, let me tell you, that if you will not exert yourfelves on this trying Oc- cafion, in fome Degree proportionate to the Im- porUDce of the Caufe now before you, perhaps it may never be in your Power to exert yourfelves hereafter, when you will wiih moft ardently to do it. Remember, therefore, I befeech you, the Words, the emphatic^ and perhaps even the prophetic^ Words of a celebrated Partifajfk, whofe Nanne I need not mention : — *' Why, Gentle- ** men, will not you, who are Men ef great Land^ ^ ed Eftates^ take an adbive Part in the prelent Difputes ? Your Neutrality, I do alTure you, will not proted you. For if you will dill re- main inadive at fuch a Crifis, what has hap- pened before, will happen again -, and the " •♦♦•♦'s and the ♦♦•***s who have but little to ** lofc, but may have much to get in the Times ** of general Confufion, will certainly become *' the great men of this Nation." Fm$ ift tt ah bofle doctri. Indeed the Eftates of the Church, we all know, will fall the firft Sacrifice, Hiould the Republican M 4C «C «C i.5 It k , . I I ft ■ U * • if n 1 i' ?i ■. 4» ADDRESS AND APPEAL ro I*' h'.-:^ Republican Party now prevail. But neverthe') lefs, if you, my Lords and Gentlemen, fhould be lb weak as to imagine, that Matters will flop there ; and that your own large Po0efCons, your fplcndid Titles, your hereditary Honours^ and ample Privileges will efcape unhurt, amidft s that general U^reck of priyate Property, and Crujh of Subordination, which will neceflarily cnfuc; you will be wofully miftaken: — And I muft beg Leave to fay, that you will have pro- fited but very little, by v/hat has been fo well written in the Annals of this very Country, for your Inftrudlion and Admonition. For depend upon it, the Ufe of Committee^Men^ and the Bufinefs of Sequejirators are not ye.: forgot ; de- . pend upon it, I fay, that Ways and Means are ftill to be found oui, for the loweft of the Peo- •• ■ pie to get at the Poffeflion of the greateft of your Eftates, is well in thefe, as in former Times. Their Appetites are equally keen -.—And if thefe hungry Patriots Ihould fuccecd, after fuch an Example is fet before your Eyes, who are you to blame but yourfclves ? — In one Word, you know, or ought to know, that even the tender Mercies of a Republic arc cruel. Or, if you arc not yet convinced of the Truth of this Afleriion9 look abroad into the World; nay, look into what is now doing by the Republican Congreffes in America'^ and then fee how you would approve fuch Men as thefe for your Masters. HERE 4 TkE LANDED IN'TEREST. ^ - liEkE^ THEREFORE I wilHngly clofe the ^^h6le t>irpute between Mr. Burk£ and me: And I m&ft chearfully fubmit i^' L)ectfibii of his irtiportant CJucftion to thofe (but to (bofe only) who ere the bed qualified^ the naoft able* and' the nnoll concerned to decide impartially. What therefore is to follow in thi^ Treatife, i$ to be cbnfidered rather ex abundariti^ than as ftriiflly rieceffary for the Support of^ my Argu- riient, and the Confutation r '■'■ I <> 'I'M * .« 3; .! • If j I ,!• ^. ADDRIISS AN9 APPEAL TO fluill be diremced from us. A difficult Taik thi»! In regard to which, they witi find all the WorM to be Unbelievers. Indeed I have zU ready fo efibdtually iilenced this Pl^a in my, filufrch Tra^» froffi Page 203 to Page 220, [id £dit4 printed, for Rivington, &c.] that I hope I mi^'be excufed from repeating the fymc Things. And a^ the Arguments there urged have /lever been aitem|>ted to be amfwered, not* wiihftftnding ib inucfa Good- Will to do it, and that my Opponents nfioft certainly would do i^ if ihey could, the natural Conclufion isy ibat A&^ Jre UNANSWERABLE. THfAEFORE I now enter uipon the Subje^ itfelf i and as the Trade to Holland and Gcrmary (and more pariHularly to Hanover) hath been. frequently reprefented as being very incon(ider-< able, and of fmall Importance ^ I have for this ¥cry reafon, fde^ted this Trade from others, to make it the Subject of our Comparifon with the 'trade to all the revolted Provinces of Nortb^ Amtrica. w REMARK 4$ Sl5 t, . i . ' *w : V 5 fhe of ill :h to ii- lu« fe- I in h !>- ^- te rs (n p r. f'p '1 ^13 y ^ I H \ Exi 3 1 5 I / \ D }3 ii 7 |o i8 fa titB VAND£D INTEREST. 4$ ?» REMARK I. m ACCORDING to the above State of the Account, the Sum Total of the Value of the Exports to Holland and Germany alone^ du* ring a Period of nine Years, exceeded that to all the [prefent revolted] Provinces of North Ame^ rica, by nolefs than 10,233,103 /. ys, yd. which is more than one-third of the Whole* And yet this very Period was more favourable to Jmerican Exports than any othef: ift, Bccaufe during this Period there was the greateft Emi- gration from Europe to America^ and particu* larly from Holland and Germany^ that can be re- membered 5 and each Emigrant; if a Cuftomcr to England^ whilft refidcnt in Europe^ not only fwells the American Account by his Removal^ but alfo (inks the European : So that he adts in a double Capacity, by adding Weight to one Scale, and by fubrading, at lead an equal, if not a greater, from the other :-^2dly, Becaufe, during .this Period, the Colonifts* and more efpecially the four New England Go- vernments, were preparirtg for a Non- Importation Syftem; and therefore were ftoring their Ma- gazines with great Quantities of Goods to ferve for many Years. This Circumftance appears G on iri'l Lim;, W i- An Account of the Value of the Exports from Engtand to Germany and Holland ; and al the Congrefs, for nine Years fucceffively, viz. from Chrijimas 1763 to C Germany Hollabd From Chriftmas 1763 to ChriUmas 1764. - Faiug of Exports. £* s. d, - 2,264,315 3 9 176?. Valut of Exports, £. s. J, 1,869,46$ iS 8 3^026,772 16 11 1766, ralue of Exports. £. s. 1,811,268 z 1 1,602,924 6 '17I7. Falue of Exports. d, £. s. d, 3 1,506,293 10 II 7 I ».5J9»70S »8 o 1768. Valitt of Exp z ^ '»499»732 »»744»974 The REVOLTED PROVING Carolina •— — - 305,808 i 6 New England's four Provinces 459*765 011 Ncw-Yorlc — »— 5i5*4iP 12 i Penfilvania — — 435fi9i H © Virginia and Maryland '•— 5151I92 10 6 334,709 12 451,299 14 382,349 II 363,368 17 383,214. 13 8 296,732 1 1 7 409.642 7 1 330,829 15 8 5 327.3H I 3 372,548 16 1 244,093 406,08 1 417.957 37i,»3o 437,628 6 9 15 8 2 O 2 5 10 6 289,868 i: 419.797 < 482,930 li 432,107 1; 475»9S4 < [T$ f(U9 Pas* 49J Sap e>Ior!ty of Ui« Value of the Expoi t Holland \ and alfo to thofe North'j^tnerican Provinces, 'which are now under the Dominion of rijmas 1763 to Chrifimas 1772, diftinguifhing e^ch Country, and each Year* '7- ' Exports. i, d» )3 10 II 35 18 o 176?. Valut tf ExportSs ».499»732 4 »»744»974 S 8 1769. Falue of Exports. £» i. 7 o 5 o 5 3 1771. Value of Exports. £^ J. d. 1,316,492 I 4 i»685,397 »6 o 1772. Vaiut of Exports, £, i. d. 1, 3114,181 6 6 1,997,815 I 4 Totals. Vaiut of Exports. £, s, d. 1^,233.183 13 9 16,060,942 17 6 Total of both Countries 30,294,126 11 3 409,169 1,420,119 693,621 728,744 920,326 9 I 7 »9 3 4 1 6 10 8 r 449»*>o 824,830 343.970 507,909 793»9«o 2 8 »9 H •3 » 9 9 o 2 2,782,865 7 7 4,993,980 13 o 3,677,986 15 8 3,501,259 10 o 5,104,930 17 5 TotaU of the revolted Ptoviuces 20/361,023 3 8 f th9 ValuQ of the Exports to Hailand and Gtrnwy ovci the Exf oits to the revolted Provinces of At/itrica^ £, 10,233,103 7 7 r I pi ! w i i' }%■ h .-i 50 ADDRESS AND APPEAL to dn the very Face of the Account: — And, 3dly, Becaule the Bufinefs of Commercial Puffing, during this Period, wa» carried, by the Partt« fans of America^ to a greater Height than ever, in order to make -the American Trade appear to be of niuch more Confequcnce to this Nation, than it really is.— To explain this ArtiHce of Commercial Puffings to fuch Perfons who are not converfant in the Progrefs of Commercial Laws, I muft beg their Attention to the follow- ing fhort Narrative. — Formerly the Kings of England eftablifhed certain Duties or Taxes (generally Five per Cent, ad f^alorem) both on the Import and Export of Goods, merely by vir^ tue of their own Prerogative j and, as it was the univerfal PraSiice for every Prince to aft in the fame Manner, thefe Dutie?, or cujiomary Pay- mtints, were therefore called the Customs, — the Place where thefe Duties were paid, the Cujiom- Houfe^ and the Officers who colleifted them the Cuftom-Houfe Officers. In Procefs of Time, the Subjefts gained a little more Liberty; fo that the Duties which were originally impofed by virtue of the mere Prerogative of the Crown, were afterwards collected by the Authority of an AH^ or Alls of the whole LegiQature. And yet, notwithltanding this Change of Au- thority, there was very little Alteration in the Syf- tem of Taxation : For Exports as well as Imports (in thofe Days of commercial Blindncfs) paid a Duty THE LANDED INTEREST. 51 Duty of about Five per Cent. * ai Valor tm^ as low down as the Reigns of Charles II. and James II. — King William was the firft Prince who had a true Notion of introducing wife and bene- ficial Regulations into the Syftem of Exporta- tion : For he caufed the Duties to be taken off from the Exports of Englijh Woollen Manufac- tures, and of a few other Articles : Queen Anne followed his good Example, and extended the fame politic Sydcm a little farther : But it was referved to the Reign of George I. and to the Adminiftration of that great and able Minifter, SirRoBEUT v»^po;.E (whom the Traders, and the Popula '-: - ways abufed), to enrich this Country by Means of a general Syftem oijuds* (ious Taxes, and falutary commercial Regula- tions. For in one! fingle A6t of Parliament in the Year 1722 (8th of G. L Chap. 15.), there were about 1.96 Taxes repealed [fee Crouch's Book of Rates], Taxes which had been injudici- oufly laid, partly on Raw Materials coming in. * Queen Elizabeth rometimes raifed thii Duty to 20 and 2; per Cent, by Orders and Warrants iflued from her Privy Council ; that is, by her own fole and abfolute Au- thority. Yet ihe vitkigood ^tin Bess : And her Days were goldiH Days. See alto the Ihocicing Number of Monopolies );ra:.:«*d in her Reign, fet forth at lar^e in Tovvnsiu-nd*s ColUHioHi or in Sir Simon d*Ews's yoi«r«ii/ of PEAL TO any Share in our Burdens. However, all thii is not fufficient to create that Monopoly in theif ]f avour, which they, and tKcir Adherents, hav^ long fiad in Contemplation,; For the Imports of Raw Materials from kuffia^ which are every Day incteafirig, exceed thofe from North Ame^ ricd in Goodnefs, In Qiiantity, in Value, and in every Kclpcift, to a very great Degree. But I rorgbt : '* Pitch arid 'tar, and Indigo^ ••arc atfo Raw Materials of very gtcat Cbnfe- •' qiience : And they are imported from North *• America^ but not frorp ^ujfia.** True : Pitch and Tar, \i\ imported from Rujfiat would have paid an high Duty y but when brought from Ainericay they receive a very large Bounty. And as to Indigo, had it not been for tne many Hun- dred Thoufands of Pounds Sterling, which Creai Fritamhas granted in Bounties and Pre- mlums to promote the Culture ojf this Article in the Carotinas and Virginia [a tenth Part of which Sum would have fcrved for the Cultiva- tion of a better Sort on the Coaft of Africa] \ I fay, had it not been for this continual Foftcring, and expenfive NurHng, probably not an Ounce of it would have been raifed in North America, And even as it is, the Indigo of Carolina^ &c. is, generally fpeaking, of a Quality much infe« rior to that, which conies from other Countries. So much therefore as to Raw Materials, — and let this fuffice in refpcA to the great Returns of jea try the I's; w» LANDED INTEREST. S7 i' cf our Colonies towards us» for making fo many impolitic reftraining Laws againft ourfclves, and for granting them fo many Monopolies, and fuch cxtenfive Bounties. The next Head of Inquiry is, what faxaMe Objilis do wc receive from North- Jmerica, if compared with the Taxables of other Coun- tries? Mr. BuRKB afferts. Page 97, 2d Edit. •' That if America gives us taxable ObjeSis^ on *',which we lay our Duties here, and gives us at " the fame Time a Surplus by a foreign Sale " of her Commodities to pay the Duties on « thefe Objefts which we tax at Homt^ Jhe has " performed her Part to the Britilh Revenue** Well then, according to this Doflrine, wc are firft to fuppofc, that fforth-jimmea i\}i^^Y\t% us with great Quantities of taxable Ohjeds ;--- and fecondly, that by fo doing, (he hath perform- ed her Part to the Britijb Revenue j and there- fore ought not to be obliged to contribute any> further. Now I am fo unhappy as to difitr from the patriotic Orator in both thefe rcfpefts j that iS| I firft deny his Premifes j-^and then adly, granting even his Premifes, I cannot ad- mk of his Conclufion. Firft, then, I do main- tain, that North- Jmtrica doth not fupply Great" Britain with great Quantities of taxable Ob- jeAs: For perhaps hardly any civilized Coun* try in the World, of equal Extent, and under the fanie Parallels of Latitude, is fo barren in . H - that G 1 f^ f 1 -'i i . m !J I' 58 I ADDRESS and APPEAL to thi**- Rcfpcft, as Ncrtb'America, — At prefent, 1 can recoiled but two taxable Obje6b among atl her Stores, viz. Rice and Tobacco. In refpcft to Rice, I do allow that it hath been cuflomary to tax it; but as it is a raw Materia}, and an Article of Food, it ought never to have been taxed. And the Legiflature hath done wifely at prefent in repealing that Tax, which heretofore was laid on the Home Confumption of it. The Fad is, that when Corn is dear, Rice becomes a good Succedanetim ; but when the former is cheap, the latter will not be ufed in any Quan- tities here, in England: Foi* Enghjh Stomachs will never prefer Riee to Wheat. In refpeft to that Rice, which is carried to the reft of Europe it ought to be remembered, that it pays no Duty at all, if exported South of Cape Finijierre, And as to the Duty which is retained on the Re-ex- portation of Rice to the Northward of Cape Ft' nifierrey it is fo very iriffmg and inconfiderable, that it doth not dcferveto be mentioned in a ge- neral and national View. In regard to Tobacco, I admit it to be a very proper Objcd of Taxation. But here again, that which is re- exported pays but little Duty, if any at all. And with rcfpe6t to that which is ufed and confumed at Home, when the many Frauds attending it, together with the Ex- pence of collecting, are taken into the Account, the clear Balance will not be, in any Degree, fo great as is vulgarly imagined. But \M 'I v I I ^k LANDED INTEREST. 54 buT granting, that this Branch of the Reve- nue is confiderable, nay that it is very confider- able i yet there are a few unlucky Queftions to be afked on this Head, which it will puzzle Mr. Burke and all his Adherents to anfwerin fuch a Manner as would do any Credit or Service to their Caufe. For Example; has the Englifh Lc- giilature done any Thing towards favouring this American Tobacco-Trade, and raifing it up to its prefent Height? Yes, it has; England has granted a Monopoly to the Americans againft herfcif, by fcvcrcly prohibiting, in feveral Ads of Parlia- ment, the Cultivation of Tobacco in England : So that at the worft, we have one Remedy dill in refervc, viz. the taking cfF this Prohibition, fhould the Americans be fo wrathfully minded as to refolve never to feU lis any more Tobacco. On this Ground therefore I Hill procv'ied ; and as the Friends of Mr. Burke (if not he hirnfelf) are fo very forward inexclaiming againil the Re- ft raints and Hard (hips, under which they pre- tend th^ America has fo long groaned; — 1 afk, why are they fo totally filent concerning the many Reftraints and Difcouragements which England alfo hath long and patiently fuffered in order to enrich America? And where is the Candor, or Impartiality, of fuch a Condudl ? Again, — if we have granted the Americans this Monopoly, in order to increafe their Trade, and to caufe their Provinces to flourilh; what Effc£ls H 2 hath n i 69^ ADDHESS AND APPEAL Td hath it produced, in regard to the Sum Total of our own Revenue? And what is the Amount of the whole Duty on Tobacco? Is it equal to the Duties paid on the fimplc Article of Tca,-»-or of Wines and Brandies; — or, in Ihort, of mere Fruit for our Mince-Pies, and Plum-Puddings, for our Tables and Deierts ? No, by no Means, it is not equal to any one of theCc general Articles : For the Duty paid on the Importation of Fruit alone greatly furpaiies it. And yet we have granted no Monopolies, no Premiums, and no Bounties either to Ctinat or to France^ to Spaing Portugal, Itafyy &c. &c. nor are thefe Countries, to which we have fo vaft a Trade, and from which we draw fo great a Revenue, English Colonies. But nevcrthelefs, I will now fuppofe, contra<> ry to all Proof and Matters of Fa6l, that the Revenue of the taxable Objeds imported from North- America J was the greateft of all others;—^ what Inference is to be drawn from this Con^ ceflfion ? And doth it at all follow from fuch Premifcs, that the North- Americans mud, or ought to enjoy all the Privileges of Englijhmen^ without contributing any Thing towards the ge- neral Support, merely becaufe we carry on an advantageous Trade with them, or have raifed a Tax on their Commodities? Surely no: For by the fame Rule, we muft unite and incorpo- rate with, we muft proieft and defend, the Chi^ nefe^ *i»E iiANDED INTEREST. 6r jiflf/f, the French^ the Spaniards^ Portuguefe^ halt'- ans, &c. &c. for the fame Rcafons, and on the.* fame Account. A Propofition this, which is too big with Nonfenfe and Abfurdity, to be feri- oufly maintained. I will therefore difmifs the prcfent Remark, >yith putting my Reader again in Mind, that let the Trade to NorthAmerica be what it may, of little Importance, or otherwife *, it is a mere begging the Queftion, and a moft difingenuous Artifice to infihuate (as all the Advocates for America now do) that this Trade will be loft, if a Separation from the Colonies fhould enfue. On the contrary, it is much more probable, that, when all P&rties (hall be left at full Liberty to do as they pleafe, our North- American Tradp will rather be increafed, than diminiflied by fuch a Meafure. Becaufe it is Freedom, and not Confinement, or Monopoly, which increafes Trade. And fure I am that, on this Subject, Hiftory and paft Experience, as well as Reafon and Argument, are clearly on my Side. ■^fia REMARK fe ADDRESS AND APPEAL rd ■» REMARK III. m n I W' I / :? V THE Cafe of Emigrations from Germany and Holland^ hath been in Part conndered lalready: But as the continual Emigrations from Creat'Britain and Inland (which I will alv/ays confider as one Country) have fomething more particularly prejudicial in their Nature, if com- pared with others, I hope the Reader will not think it lolV Time, if I give them in this Place a diftin^ Confideration. m A Set of Labourers or Tradefmcn refided lately in Qreat'Britain^ or Ireland^ and earned their Bread by the Sweat of their Brows. Their natural, or artificial Wants might be fummed up under the three great, and comprehcnfivc Articles, o: Food, Raiment, and Dwelling. In refpedl to Foed^ including drinkables as well as eatables, they paid for it by their Labour and Wages % and confequently were the Means of employing all thofe different Trades, both in Town and Country, which were con- cerned in, or connedted with, the raifing of Corn, or the rearing of Sheep and Cattle, the making of Breads Butter, Cheefe, Malt, and Malt-Liquors, Cyder, &c. &c. alfo in the fat- Uning, killing, dreifhig, or preparing of Flefli, •t*^*' ^ . Filh, I. I'''(. THE LANDED INTEREST. 6S But here, I know, it will be faid, becaufe ic hath been very often laid already, « That tho* " thcfe Emigrants might not employ as many ** Pcrfons or mechanic Trades here at Home, " as they did before they left England', yet they " will employ more Shipping and Navigation, " and confequently more Sailors than hereto- •' fore : And Sailors are the I^efence, Sailors are *' the Bulwark of the Nation," &c. &c. Now in order to dcted: this Fallacy, as well as the reft, I will here ftatc a Cafe, which muft open Peo- ple's Eyes, if any Thing can, refpecfling even the Articles of Seamen, Shipping, and Navi- gation. Suppose looo Tradefmen with their Fami- lies, Watch-Makers for Inftance, fettled on one Spot fomcwhere in the Neighbourhood of Z.o«- don, [I only mention Watch-MakerSy becaufe it is computed, that about lOOO Families, or one third of the City of Geneva are fuppofcd to be of that Profeffion.] Now the firft I'hing which would atira6l our Notice refpedling Navigation, is to lay in a Provifion of Sea-Coals: And a yearly Supply of this Commodity for looo Fa- milies would employ a good deal of Shipping : Fifli would be the next Article, Sca-Fifh efpe- ciilly, whether frcflior fait, in rcfpcftto which a good many Sailors one Time or other muft be, or muft have been employed : After this, the like Obfcrvation will extend to Cyder, and to \ other ■■'^ :,l .t J si I" w • iM ADDR£SS AND APPEAL to 1* 9*4 1|. .Other Articles brought Coaft-wiie^ alfo to Wines, Brandies, Rum, Sugars, Fruits, Oils, &c. &c. imported from Abroad : Likewife to Timber of various Kinds for building or repair- ing, alfo for making a Variety of Houihold Goods; to Iron, Hemp, Linen Cloth, and other Commodities, efpeciaily thofe of the bulky Kind : Now here I afk. Is it polTible to con- ceive, that, were this Group of Manufadurcrs to take Flight, like a Swarm of Bees, and fettle in fome of the Towns or Provinces of North* America^ they either would, or could employ as many EvgHJh Seamen in their new Situations, as they dc at prcfcnt in their old ones ? And can any Man be fo abfurd as to maintain fuch a Paradox? [Remembci I limit the Matter to Englijh Seamen only •, for as to Americans^ let their Number be what it may, Great Britain r.evcr was advantaged by them. Not -o men- tion, that fcveral of the American Provinces have difputed, or rather denied, long before the prcfent Difturbances began, the Right of preff- ing Sailors for the Navy j though it is well known, that this is the only Method whereby a Navy can be manned •, and though that emi- nent Whig, that upright, learned, and truly patriotic Lawyer [Judge Foster] hath demon- ftratively proved in his Law-Trads this Right to be as legally and conllitutionally vefted in fhe Crown, as any Right whatever.] I will a li- in THE LANDED INTEREST. 67 I WILL therefore take this Point relating ta Sailors for granted} [at leaft till the contrary fhall be proved,] and then it will follow, that BrUiJh or Trijh Emigrations are to be confidered as being very unfavourable to the Increafe of EngUJh Sailors, as well as of EngUJh Manufac- turers } and that the Lofs and Detriment to the Mother-Country are very great in both Rcfpe^s. But here a Difficulty of another Kind, and from a different Quarter, will probably arife. It is this :-~Granting that Emigrations are bad Things in all Rcfpcfts :— granting that they tend to diminifh the Number of your Sailors, as well as of your Manufacturers ? yet how can you pre- vent this Evil ? And what Remedy do you pro- pofc for curing the People of that Madnefs which has fcized them for Emigrations ?— I an- fwer. — Even the Remedy which hath been fo often, and all along propofed, A total Separa- tion from North America* For mod certain it is, that as foon as fuch a Separation (hall take Place, a Refidence in the Colonies will be no longer a defirable Situation. Nay, it is much more probable, that many of thofc who arc al- ready fettled there, will wilh to fly away, than that others fhould covet to go to them. And indeed we begin to And this Obfervation not a little verified at prefcnt, a confiderablc Re-cmi- gration (if I may ufethe Term) having already taken place. In fliort, when the EngUJh Go- I 2 ' ' vernmcnt, ■i Km, it 6r ADDRESS AND APPEAL TO vernment, which was the only Center of Union, and the only Bond of Peace, fhali be removed^^ Faction will rife up againll: Fadion, Coiigrefs^ againft Congrefs, and Colony againil Colony; and then the Southern Provinces will find to their Cdft, that they have been egregioufly duped and bubbled by the Northern -, then they will perceive, that they have no other Alterna- tive, but either to fubmit to the tyrannical Ufurpations of thofe canting^ hypocritical Repub- licans, whom they ufed both to hate and defpife ; or elfc to implore that Help, Defence, and Protection 6f the Parent Slate, which they now fo wantonly and ungratefully rejedb and op- pofc : — In either of thefe Situations, and under fuch Circumftances, there is no Reafon to fear, that many of our People will flock to Norlh jimerica. Y4 {( it, REMAR K THE LAH?F.D i;nterest, ^ ■mi'i REMARK IV. PREJUDICES and Prepoffeffions are ftub- born Things in all Cafes*, but in none. more peculiarly obftinate, than in relinquifhir^ detached Parts of an unwieldy, extended Em- pire ; there not being, I believe, a fingie In- ilance in all Hiftory, of any Nation furrender- ing a didant Province voluntarily, and of free Choice, notwithftanding it was greatly their In* tereft to have done it. The Englijb in particular have given remarkable Proofs of their Unwilling- nefs in this Refped:. For tho' it was undeniably their Intereft to have abandoned all the Pro- vinces which they held in France, yet they never gave up one of them, till they were compelled to it by Force of Arms. Now indeed, and at this Diflance of Time, we fee clearly, that our Forefathers were wretched Politicians in en- deavouring to retain any one of the French Pro- vinces, which, if it was a little one, would be a continual Drain, and perhaps an increafing Ex- pence i and if it was a great one, might grow up to be a Rival, and become the Seat of Em- pire. I fay, we can fee thefe Things clearly enough at prefent : Yet alas ! wliat Advantages do we derive from this Difcovery ? And what . 4 Application u:',}'' 1-4 f \ % r\ iv, S^^ " tfli> ADDRESS AN0 APi'EAL Td Application do we make of fuch hiftorical Me-^ menios to the Burinefs of the prefcntDay ? The rcmoteft of our Provinces in France were hardly 300 Miles didant from oar own Coafts; the neareft of thofe in America are about 3000. The Prbvlnces in France were already fully peopled,' and peopled for the mod jpart by Inhabitants extremely well affeftcd at that Tinrw to the Englijh Government : Whereas the Deferts of America require firft to be peopled by Draughts either from ourfelves, or from our European Cuftomers; and then when thefe Emigrants have been fettled for a Generation or two, they become native Americans, who naturally forget the Supremacy of that Country, with whofe Government they have fo little Gonne6lions, from whofe Seat of Empire they arc fo far diC* tant, whofe ruling Power they fo feldom feel (and therefore do not regard), and confequently whofe Claims they confider as fo many auda- cious Attempts to rob them of their beloved: Independence. But the Abfurdity of our prefent CondudV in not abandoning the rebellions Provinces of North America^ becomes ftill more glaring, when we confider farther, (what we now find by Experience to be true) that we can live and flourilh, even in our commercial Capa- city, without the Affiftance of thefe refrac- tory Colonics, For though it doth by no Means m 4 ««E LANDED INTEREST. if Means fdloyir^ that we ihould be deftitute of Aeir Trade, if each American Provitice was erected into a feparate and indepeodeni: State % say^ tha' the contrary- hath been made to ap^ ^ear by fuch a ChsUn of Evidences, as no Man hitherto hath attempted to break or weaken, yct^ granting the worft, granting even thatthefe l^orth Americans traded with us as little after a Separation as they do at prefent^ ftill it is poffible that wc may then live, becaufe it is cer- tain we do now live without them ; ' and do not only live, but alfo enjoy as maiiy of the Com- forts and Elegancies, not to tnention the Profu- (ions and Luxuries of Li£b, as any^ Nation e,ve| did, and more than we oudelves did heretofore/' • Therefor e (to be more particular on this ' Head, for iutely it is a moft important one) we wore gravdy told, that a%. fdon u ever nhc Am* r/V/»w JhP^W ftut their>f ftrts ftgaioft us, F4n?iiup to our Mgn^fad^Mrers, J^t^Jf.ruptcy to our Mer« chants, PoftruiSlion an4 D<;fol(^tipn to our^a* port Tpwns., muft inevitably ^nfue. Well, tJbe Americans have now ihut their Forts for a confix derable Time agftinil the .AdpfiiHloa of Englijh Manufactures. And what has enfued? No- thing, that I, know of, fo very difmal or fo veiy tragical i and none of thofe black and biuer D^ys, with which we are threatened, have yt t appeared. Nay, according to the Accounts re- ceived from the principal manufacluring Places and I ■ 'it- 1 r, ::tl •I. I I •t IB I ¥i « '' li.' Hi' trM^ K'l -' r 7« ADDRESS Awb APPEAL Ttf and Diftrifts throughout the Kingdom, it uriU formly appears that Trade was never brilker in moft Articles; and that it is not remarkab)/ dead in any : — Moreover it is likewife certain^ from the fame Accounts, that a much greater Stagnation hath been frequently felt, even at Times when every Port in America was open to us, than is felt at prefent. , However, if thefe Partifans of America ihould cavil at thefe Accounts, and difpute their Authority, we have others yet to produce, which furely muft carry Convidion (almoft in Spite of Prejudice) as foon as they arc perufedj [unlefs indeed it can be imagined, that the pre- fent wicked Miniftry have entered into a Plot to charge themfelves Debtors to the Public for almoft Two Hundred and Fifty-'Five Thou* SAND Pounds Sterling mere than tbiyreceived^ merely to plague and confound the poor Patriots.] • The Account I am now going to lay before the Reader, is the grofs Produce of the Excife for the Year 1775, ending at the 5th of July laft, compared with the like grofs Produce of the pre- ceding Year 1774, ending at the like Period. Grofs Produce of the Year 177J, ' Groft Produce of the Year 1774, .^. • Increafcd Produce of the Year 1775, 5.479»695 7 io 5,»24,899 7 loi ,:n(.| 'jfii fiK Now thi on Speti Rev have oth( fairl TMK LANDED INTEREST. 73 Now it appears by the Particulars of the Ac* tount, that what chiefly caufed this gteat In«j creafe, was the greater Qiiantity made, con- fumed) or ufed of Low Wines and Spirits,-^ of the London Brewery, — of Malt, Hops, Cyder, and Coaches, in the Year 1775, ending at the 5th of July^ than in the preceding Year. For as to feveral other Articles, there was a re- markable Deficiency, efpecially in the Excife on Tea, and oh Liquors imported into the * Out* Ports i both which Branches, if put together, amount to no lefs than 79^386/. 13 i. ^\d, — And yet, notwithilanding this great Lofs in two fuch capital Articles^ the Produce of the others before- mentioned fo much exceeded their ufual Income, that the whole Balance of the Year was, as I faid before, 254,795 /. 19 s, li^d. Now as our common People, our Artificers, and mecha- nic Tradefmen, our Journeymen, Day-La- bourers, %c. &c. are the principal Confumrrs of, or Cuftomers for thefe Articles (Coaches excepted), we may, and ought to pronounce, that thefe numerous Bodies of Men were not f -'i 'I . * I am told, thtt (his Deficiency of the Excife this Year, oh Liquors imporfled into the Out-Ports, is owing to a new Species of Smuggling lately put in Pra£lice, whereby the Revenue is grofsly iJefraudcd. If fo, the Balance would have been fhli greater, had all the Duties on Rum, and ether Liquors imported into the Out-Ports, been ju(Uy and fairly paid ; or at Icait paid as fairly and juftly as ufual. V^-i- m m Ih- PI p; 74 ADDRESS and APPEAL T# in that ftarving Condition (which it was fore* told they ihould be), when they could fo much exceed their ufual (and for the moft Part nmti^ ceffary) Gratifications in Spirituous Liquors* and Porter, Ale, ftrong Beer, and Cyder, as to raifc fuch a Surplus of Revenue. And in re- fpeidiitijly, and louvd with iiim feveril other Coluny-at^cnts •♦He ^i «.. It IT P J h^ >• ADDRESS AND APPEAL to AfFair, as there was need for mc to have don«f,' fuppofing even (which is fuppofing a great dealj that every Thing which Dr. Franklin faid was ftridly true : For granting that he did not folicit for that Place in particular, yet it is a moft undeniable Faft, that at the very Inftant when he was declaiming at theBar oftheHoufeof Commons, againft the Authority of Parliament* he himfelf was an American Revenue Officer, •• He acquainted us, th it Mr. Grenville was dcfiroos to ** make the Execution of the Ad as kittle inconvenient and *♦ dii'agreeable to the AmtricaHS as poffible ; and therefore did •• not ihiiik of fending Stamp-officers fiom hence, but wifhed •• to have di/chrt .'ind reputable Per(bns appcintcd in each •• Province from among the Inhabitants, fuch as uotUd be •• acceptable to ihcm. For as they were to pay the 7'ax, he *< thought Strangers fhould not have the Emoluments. Mr* ♦* Whkatley therefore wiHicd ui to name for our refpc£\ive *' CoK-nits, infoiming uj", that IVIr Grenv ille would be •• obliged to us for pointing out to him honefl and refptciabU •' Men, and would pay great Regard lo our Nomination. By •* tliis pliiufible and apparently candid DcdaratirM, ««,•# y other modern Patriot^ can lead them into this Path of Glory, they will joyfully follow fuch a Leader, and become his devoted J'eUow- Labourers, in the fame good Work; but if not» they will forfake him with as little Ceremony as they have done fome others, and iook out for a new Leader. „ ^ 2dly.' THE LANDED INTEREST. If/ adiy, That Species imong the ff^higs which is properly Republican^ is violently for a Change of Government^ fuitable to fuch Principles r«nd thefe Men are now become of fome Confe- quence, not fo much on the Score of their Numbers, as on Account of their enthufiaftic Zeal, and of their breaking through every Tie of Honour, Honefty, and Confcience, for accom- •plifhing foch DcAgns. Moreover, as tl nut on every Difguife*, as they forge, lie, f ry; as they ufe the Word Liberty merely as a Blind to conceal the Batteries they are erecting againft it; and as they pretend to fupport and uphold the Conltitution, at the very Inftant they are planning a Scheme to deftroy it; their Defigns arc fo much the more dangerous by appearing to fight under the fame Banner with ourfelres ; and the Wounds they give, are the more diffi- cult of Cure, becaufe they (lab and aflfaffinate under the Made of Friendfhip, and therefore take their Aim the better, and (Irike the deeper. In the former Plots and Confpiracies of the Ja^ tobitesy their Aim and Intent were to dethrone the reigning Family, and to replace another: The prefent Views of the Republicans, which they are inceflfantly purfuing by various Means, and almoft contradictory Meafures, are, to have no throne at all. Hence, by a Comparifon of the two Crimes, the Reader muft judge, which \% the greateft, and the moft repugnant to the Englijh Conditution. ( I- V t *v;: f: If' ■;: I: '1 ^m Si;-'' ; :'i m^ I i,n ■ I ■I t- i ■ ■■% I ri -';*!■ ^, A^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 Itt|2j8 |Z5 2.0 lit lit 14.0 UA llligK^li£ ^ ^ 6" ► Photographic Sdences Qjrporation ¥^ ¥fv r<\^ <^ ^. as WUT MAIN STRUT WIMTM.N.V. 14SI0 (7l*)l7a-4S03 o^ O^ V'*' ' i ? m ADDEESS ANO APPEAL TO : jdlyr, TfiB Advocates for ipakifig North' Ameriea independent, of the Brittfi Parliameiit imil|b, if cohfiftent with themfelves> be for turn- ing the ^/i}!& (i^onftitution into iometbtng very different from/what itis at prefent, or ever wa»i for the ver/ Plea thefe Men ufe in regard to North' America is, that Reprefentatbn and Lc* gidation (a very fmali Part of which. is the Power of raifing Taxes) muft always go toge- ther*, therefore, as Nineteen Parts in Twenty of the People of £if^/<0ff A^f'^At t6 Arid he; aft bH Ffttt^ is bduFtid by bii Oficc to* oftlit.th«yJten of the BHtilb Eitnplr^ fi^hfi th6 ejlrlieft Thnes down to thi; jJi-effeht ,Day, Is futh lin appaitnt Truth* that it cannot b6 denied. I^herefbvd in this Senfe it is true, and In no other i that every Menn* btf'of the Cotnnidnyealth is fuppofbd t6 give hlB pteviou) Confent to the making of thofe Laws, whkh he H afterwards bound tobbey, and tb the imporing of thofe Taxe^ Which he is obli- ged to pay. Indeed, upon this Footing (Viz. of virtual tleprefcntation in ibme Cafes, and of ac- tual Elefiion in others), a free and well-poifed Government can ftand, and be fupported; but it can be fupported on no other :«-N ay, the Go- vernment of the MaJfacbufetS'Bt^ itfelf, when- ever this Colony (hall become independent of the Mother-Country, muft then, as well as now, be fupported on this very Principle i that is to fay» on the very Principle againft which they fo fo lOaitf cUmdur. AHd befidtt ail tfats^ ili» veiy faine RcsUonS) which induce the wMhvo* prcfen^ed SubjeAs in Engkifld mfQhmkxfikdf^ and peace^fy to th« Pa^ltiint 6f th<^ Ttt^, toWhi^h ihej^ tMve tMtgit«A their Cdntent^li^ aftu^ R^pM^i^tationi, oUghi td iftdtitetbe i^l«i^ ricaks tdat^tiiefctf al(dii beti^ufe,^ if the i^^Mviiir Tfade is ib ^aKi*btei «s rej»i-tcd, a AW^)*' ftttr* Itttfflcnt tatitioc inri^ clii^ Trade Bf Anjir l9fdde of Taxation, without injuring the Merchi^nM, the Manufacturers, and the Traders in general of Great-Britain ; and thereby finking the Phi- fits of their own Eflates, and the Rents of their own Lands and Houfes. 6thly, The whole legiflative Power of the Kingdom will certainly fupport their own Au- thority, and not commit Felo de fe to pleafe their Enemies. They will rtdt, theyliever can admit the Parliaments of Nortb^Ameriea to be independent of them, or co-ordinate with them- ielves in the fame State or Empire. 7thly, Thb whole executive Power of the Kingdom is at prefent in the Hands of his Ma- jefty, and of thofe who a£t in his Name, and by his Authority. There the Conftitution has placed it, and in no other Hands*, nojis there the lead Probability that mobbing, huzzaing, furious Speeches, and inflammatory Libels, without Arms, Artillery, or Ammunition, and without ' '4 X: t^^r 9f,^ ADDRESS aHd A?PiBA!;, iec» ^diout a Treafury, will be able to wreft the executive Fower out of the Hafid& of thofe who coAftitution9% enjoy i^' Anp now Vfj^n thU General Review and KfilOter of the Fofceaon the Malcontent, jui wfll as. the Government Side» let every one confidpr iirell within hit^felf, what he ought to do at the pcefent Cufi«» as a conftituttonal Patriot, an ho- neft EngiifimatfyZ loyal Subjed, and a prudent Man* T H J^ END. • I ••ii'^^' Late^piSfieiiy ih fame Autht/f^ - y TRACTS Pdidcd and Commercial. ^■^ duntry^ wbire raw Mattt:tau and Pravifans or* theap, and fragti law^ tan fuppUmtthi TradiVfmfiA mamfaSiuring Csuntrj^ wbtn raw Matmals andPro^ vifims are dear% and the Price efJLabeur bij;b, 2. The Cafe ef going te War fur the Sake ef Trade eon- fideredina new Light. * ' 3. A Letter from a Mtrchant in London t» hit He- phew in Amenca, concerning the hie andprefent Difturh- fttices in the Colonieit 4. The true Jnterefl of GtttX'lixktoXnfet forth in regard to the Colonies ; and the only Means of living in Peace and Harmony with them, 5. The refieSfive Pleas and Arguments of the Mother* Country and of the Colonies dxftinSlly fet forth \ and the Im- pojfibiiiiy of a Compromife of Differences or a mutual _ Conceffion of Rights plainly dmonfiratedi with a prefatory Bpiftle to toe PUnipotentiaries of the Congrefs, Printed for Rivington, Cadell, and Walter. 6. A Letter to Edmukd Burke, Efq\ in Anjwer t$ ^is printed Speech of March 22, 1775. Printed for Cadell. TRACTS Polemical and Theological. 1. An Apology for the Church ^England, as by Law ^ahlijhed^ occajmed by a Petition to Parliament for abt- lijhing Subfcriptions, 2. Two Letters to the Rev, Dr, Kippis: Letter jjl, Concerning the Extent of the Claim of the Church of £ng- I land I I'f bad ft wjMjpfyr ^JiflgpiH-'ftijin^ iiW** |«r#} M mfo H aj/mrut tbetr iam^ jiidl^miMts tit tf ILmtHM^ y I. mtembdU f^Mjbtkf Dfilrinn ^Pu-^ thber afibe M/aic or Ckri/Han Di^mfiaisn, „,,.,:.: ■• ■:-.ri- :;'.: ' 4. jf Iritfand di/f^J^nate yUm)0mJ>ijMiil$^tl^ eilivtly atttndittg theTrimtariaH, Jfrtany and Smniim To be publiflied in the Courfe cf^tttiMngWinm, All bjr tke fame Author. i>% \k i\ i^nx Htm* at U itigm .Mm oMum >%'