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BY HENRY J. MORGAN, CORRESPOSDINO MEMBER OF THS NEW YOUK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. " Lives of great men all remind us, We can make our own sublime j And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time." ©ttatoa; PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE & 00. 1866. M of OUI the wa Y( credit with I predic ness a A insens whos( men < earne tion distic Oi TO MEYER GOLD SCHMIDT COPENUAOEN. My dear Mr. Goldschmidt,— During the short period of our friendship you have more than once expressed to me the warm interest which you take in our young nationality. You have spoken of our Past history as having reflected credit on our energy and industry ; you regard our Present with mingled feelings of admiration and solicitude ; and you predict for the Future no uncertain amount of national great- ness and prosperity. As a British American by birth and feeling, I am not insensible to the honor of possessing the good opinion of one whose name ranks so deservedly high among the literary men of the North of Europe at the present day ; and, as an earnest of this feeling, I ask your acceptance of the dedica- tion of this slight offering to the genius and talent of my distinguished countrymen. Very truly yours, Henry J. Morgan. OiTAWA, March, 1866. This Lecture is published at the request of several friends, who, from various causes, were unable to be present at its delivery. With the exception of a few amendatory touches, and some additional notes, the text has undergone no change. It is hoped that as a brief resume of facts and incidents connected with British American history, it may prove useful in some degree to those who take an interest in the subject. '. •: V( J ! -♦ ^ ' .-tj •■ * -*' '■^ • •' (-'f- '\'-' > '''-.r'lv fl,]'i "i • ■ :» . i fii'.t^- ■•:■ / /•- ■ 1 f -ii t tir I THE PLACE BRITISH AMERICANS HAVE WON IN HISTORY. il friends, ent at its ches, and change, incidents )ve useful subject. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: I would ill discharge the duty assigned me this evening, if, at the outset, I were to conceal from you that I experience some embarrass- ment in dealing with the subject I have chosen for my lecture. This feeling arises, not from any want of weight or substantiality in the theme itself, or from an insufficient scope for the purpose in hand, but from & knowledge of its magnitude and immensity, and from a consciousness of my own incapability to do it justice. The history of the large expanse of country which is now Known as British America — both under its former rulers and since its con- quest by the English, — presents a wide, diversified and inviting field for the range of thought and fancy. Unfortunately, considering thi attraction of the subject, the writers who have hitherto devoted themselves to chronicling its various interesting and remarkable epochs and events (if wo make a single exception in favor of the late Mr. Garneau, who certainly rendered essential service to his native country in bringing forth much that was previously ita known), have no reason, as a general rule, to plume themselves upo^ the elaborate nature of their productions. But as my purpose is rather to deal with individual greatness as manifested in our countrymen, than with present British American book-making, or the musty old tomes and records of the past, I will content myself with saying that the His- torian of Canada, or British America, has yet to come. The narrative of our rise and advancement is full of noble and self-denying examples in the cause of Discovery, Civilization and Progress. Many of its pages read like the chapters of a romance -^so full are they in turn of fascinating stories of adventure by " flood and field " — of deeds of individual heroism, gallantry and self-sacrifice — of acts of charity and devotion — of patriotic exploits in favor of Law, Church and Government —of glorious victories achieved by the few over the many. To the calm and reflective mind there is an indescribable charm >-j , 6 in pondering over the story of our earlier history ; the emotions which operate upon us partake of joy and sadness ; we fly, as it were — From jfrave to gay, From lively to severe. We experience, for the early pioneers, delight at their triumphs and successes, and sympathy with their disasters and reverses. We can share with them in their pride and glory in subduing their old foes, the English, in the persons of Phipns, Washington and Brad- dock, and this, too, by small and unequal forces compared with those of the enemy ; and we can weep over the painful and melancholy stories 'vvhich recount the massacres of Sillery and Lachine. The account of the war of retaliation against the English Colo- nies in 1689 presents many instances of bold and fearless perform- ances which redound to their fame ; whilst that which describes the dispersion of the noble Acadian people, from the land of their adop- tion and birth, that people whom LongfelloW; in his EvangellnCy says — " Dwelt in the love of God and man. Alike were they free from Fear, that reigns with the tyrant, and envy, the vice of Kepublics. Neither locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their windows ; But their dwellings were open as the day and the hearts of the owners ; There the richest was poor, and the poorest lived in abundance." is most touching and sorrowful. Whether we can appreciate the dangers and difficulties of our early discoverers — the efforts of the first colonizers in founding set- tlements — the advent of the religious orders and their toils, suffer- ings and death in the cause of Christianity and education — the con- stant sanguinary skirmishes and conflicts with the native Indian na- tions — the intestine wars between these savage people themselves— the spirit of adventure and discovery which prompted successful ex- peditions involving innumerable difficulties and great perils — or the noble fidelity and love of nationality and the resolute firmness which withstood repeated acts of aggression, we cannot but admire our French ancestors for all the high qualities which they displayed, and for the glorious examples they have left us to imitate. There is a charm, too, in looking back to the existence in the North American wilds, of a real aristocratic element — a remnant of the ancient noblesse of France, with all the culture and refinement of their educated and favored class, and no admixture of what forms the " codfish" and " shoddy ite " school of our own day and people. I much fear that the chivalry and all the high-born and noble charac- teristics which wrought such a beneficial influence in the New France and Acadia of those days, has, with them, long departed, and that our society of to-day, is but a vain and empty apology for that which preceded it. V ) emotions fly, as it triumpbs rses. Wo l their old lod Brad- mih those nelancholy 5. jlish Colo- 3 perform- icrihes the heir adop- 'vangelinej e from publics, idowa ; :he owners ; ance." ies of our mding set- >ils, su£fer- —the con- Indian na- smselves— cessful ex- Is — or the less which dmire our flayed, and ice in the emnant of refinement rhat forms nd people. )le charac- ew France , and that that which I have spoken in terms of praise of the nature aud character oi' the early French inhabitants, but 1 have done them but scant jus- tice. That they were a loyal a* 1 a moral people no one can deny ; their unshaken allegiance to the French Crown during lonj^ years of nejijlect and contumely, and their hatred of evcrythin«r that was not virtuous, just and excellent, clearly attest the fact. That they were also an intcUip^cnt and ingenious, a courageous and high-minded people, follows from their ancient and modern ancestry. There is something noble in seeing a gallant aud chivalrous people succumb before the force of numbers. Long had they «ut'- t'ercd cruel neglect at the hand of their Sovereign, and still re- mained firm in their attachment to him — long had they patiently endured privations and suftcrings of no ordinary kind — and long and resolute h'td been the defence they had made against the enemy. Xo one can challenge the magnanimous course of the conquerors in granting to them the full enjoyment of their language, religion, and laws, and nobly have they since shev/n how well they could appre- ciate so liberal a concession. The native aborigines occupy no insignificant place in the several races which have been merged in the prcf^ent British American people. Despite what has been said to the coutrary, I maintain, and I always will maintain, that the native possessors of the soil, even in their primitive condition, had all the type and elements of national greatness. Iludo, barbarous and uncivilized they were, but who can tell what they might not have been, had the beneficent influeaces of holy religion and charity been exercised over them, free from cruel wrong and tyranny? Sad and discreditable is the story of Euro- pean oppression in the cause of American Civilization! One can well realize and sympathize with the poor savage who, taking a Frenchman to the top of Mount Royal, exclaimed in distressing ac- cents, as he pointed around him, " All that you now survey once belonged to our people 1" Is it a matter for wonderment that this proud and sensitive race, in their wild and untutored condition, conscious of the grievous in- juries which they were smarting under, should, in a spirit of re- taliation, turn upon their enemies and have life for life? 1 think, however much we may deprecate and lament a state of things so male- ficient, that you will agree with me that the Indian was perfectly justified in avenging his name and race. There are two leading and prominent attributes in their character,^ which I have observed in reading of them, and which have been manifested not only in their normal but in their transitional state. I refer to what I might call their military and political capability, and their intellectual power generally As an evidence of the former we have the chronicle of their exploits in many fierce engagements, in which they displayed a nii-e knowledge of strategy and the tactics i> r^r m of war, great skill ami immense fearlcfcsncss. King Philip, in 1675, ero he could be chcckccl in his career of destruction, had snokcd and burned thirteen towns, had siniii six hundred men, and involved in expense on the Colonies of $500,000 ; and in Canada, the war com- mcDccd by Chauiplain against tho Indian people was continued by the latter for tlio long period of cno hundred years. In diplomacy, who of our n'.odern men could excel La Rat, in conducting a treaty or in forcing an unwilling concession ? Turning to the latter quality I have named, wc will find that their powers of mind and under- standing are by no means email or deficient, and that they are in every way susceptible of improvement and cultivation. In 161 5, tho Rdcollefc Fiiars sent an Indian youth to France, where he was entered at Calleville College, and after pursuing his studies there for some years, came forth well versed in all that goes to make up an educated gentleman. Joseph Brandt, an Indian of pure iMohawk blood, held a eoumii.«sion in the British army and rendered impor- tant services to his country ; on visiting Europe ho surprised the ii!av((ns of Ihc day by the extensive and varied nature of his attain- ments and learning. Sackcusc, a native of Labrador, studied under the painter, Nasymlh, at Edinburgh, and disphiyrd great ability in the art. in 1818 he accompanied Hir James Koss in his expedition to the Arctic seas, and rendered important services to that distin- guished discoverer, in appreciation of which the Admiralty placed him in possession of means to fini.sh and perfect his education, to which he devoted himself with great energy and gave pronii.se of a brilliant future, when he was suddenly cut off through the fell ra- vages of diseat-c. Again, wc know, within a few short years, of many Indian youths who have graduated with distinguished success at our Universities; and as u still further proof of the correctness of my proposition, wc have the fact of a promising young member of a Western tribe now purauirig his studies at Oxford under the patron- age of no less a personage and gentleman than tiie Prince of Wales, our future King! In short, whether v/c look at Pontine, Tccumseth, the Prophet, or any of their "representative men," we cannot fail to perceive that they possessed powerful and energetic minds, which were fre- quently moved by many sublime impulses. With the Conquest come the Saxon and the Celt. We have, then, four component parts in our national body — we have the Indian, formed from an Asiatic mould, with his fierce and impetuous, but often sympathetic and forgiving disposition ; we have the vivacious, ■versatile, chivalrous and energetic descendent of the old Gallic and Frankish races ; and joined to these are the fiery, persevering, stub- born, but at all times generous and valiant sons of St. George, St. Andrew and St. Patrick. These, united in one strong and cohesive bond, form the British American people. I think we ought to be proud of our lineage ! I, for one, would not willingly exchange it. i p, in 1675, mckcd nnd ivolved an 3 war com- ktinued by diplomacy; t; a treaty tcr quality nd undcr- ley are in 1615, the re he wns IS there for akc up an iMohawk red iinpor- prised the his attain- licd under ability in expedition that distin- ilty plueed iicution, to roiuise of u the fell ra- t years, of led success rrcctness of icmbcr of a the patron- c of Wales, Prophet, or to perceive 1 were fre- have, then, he Indian, etuous, but ) vivacious, Gallic and irios:, stub- George, St. d cohesive light to be jhange it. lo So r»»r, our history h;js boon an eventful one; oMrly ovoici.st by wcnnpr an( il- is^ misirivinjc cIou(H, wlncli siicccodm^ tokens uT»trvhM;s won for itself a prominent phico on the u'.ap ol" the w-mM, nnd with it that dcijreo of deference and attontion due its pre^ont ciuintMit posi- tion and still more promising future. liO Saixo and Chateaubriand have each irn'uortali/.Ml Canadians in their works — Jolliet and IMarquotte, Marc !i<^sc ;r)>(»t a. id Mrs. Brooke, Mrs. Jameson and Mrs. Moodio, hav(^ lived and wrought in our mid:it — Sir William (Irant and ]>iron Maseies have been our Attorneys-General — Moore has given us a f^ong in his Melodies — Lord Hardinge pursuoil his matlioinatieal studies at (^nebee, under a French (Canadian priori— Sir Charles LycU and Sir^ViUi•lm Hooker have '-broken the bread" of our science — llobert Stephenson designed our \'ictoria Bridge — and Biron I'ur.sh, James Wilson and Lord Sydenham repose in our eliurchyards! It is not strange or singular tliat having gained so much distinction for our country, which vre liive rai;:;cd from Biibirism to Civiliza- tion, we should also have secured something for ourselves as a people. The mm who is not proud and jjalnus of the f ime and greatne.-;s of his distinguislied countrymen is an alien in iVeling and purpose, is moved by no p itriotio love, and is !:n objoet unlit to live. It was well said by Mr. Mi-Oe that Canada ouglit to bo as jealous of the reputations of her great men as either Seollind, Semdinavia, Switzerland or New Kngland ; and mcntifmed as a reason why the name of our country stands lor nothinji;, ri'prescnts no definite idea, typifies no interest, awakens no associations in the Spanish, Italian, German or French mind, is because hitherto we have made no en- deavour to preserve from oblivion the memories of men who have wrought for the common weal of the Province, or of others who have acquired a reputation for themselves abroad, either in the naval or military service, or in the walks of literature, science or art. It was Gibbon also who wrote that, in a civilized state, where every faculty is expanded and exercised in constant and useful labors, a memorial should bo raised to the most distinguished. Those of our country- men who, through force of their own abilities, have achieved dis- tinction abroad, ha\e had no easy road to travel. Formerly, to be a Colonist or a Provincial was the worst introduction a man could carry with him to England ; but happily, like most prejudices and antipathies wrongly imbibed, and mainly, too, owing to the superior character and attainments of the sons these Provinces have, from time to time, sent forth, this feeling has altogether subsided, and is now remembered to our own advantasre. A few years since )nly yeaK 10 friend of mine"'" weut up to attend the lectures on zoology at University College, London, by the lato estimable Dr. Lindley. On presenting himself, the latter asked him the name of his native country, and on the question being answered, exclaimed, in a warm and cordial man- ner, at the same time grasping the hand of my friend, "Ah ! I will take more interest in your studies on account of your being a Cana- dian, for I have the highest admiration ibr your people." It would be cruel and ungrateful in the extreme were any other feeling to bo displayed by the Mother Country at the present time, in face of the many substnntial proofs we have given of our loyalty and attachment. The 100th Regiment will bo a lasting token of Canadian patriotism. In truth, British Americans have no reason to be ashamed of the men they have sent forth into the world. There is not a profession or calling of an honorable or industrious character in which they have not distinguished themselves. And this reminds mc of a second incident, highly gratifying to our national pride, which occurred on another of our young medical practitionersf going up for examination before the Royal College of Surgeons of England. He had been but two days in the country when he pre- sented himself before the Board of Examiners, and without any ad- ditional application or study beyond those which he had pursued in a Canadian College, and with no experience but what he had gained in the exercise of his profession here, ho desired to undergo the searching ordeal. The result was, that after going through the first stage of the principal examination, the Chairman told him that it was unnecessary to proceed any further, as he (the applicant) had already acquitted himself so creditably that the Board were quite satisfied of his professional knowledge and acumen, and had granted him his diploma ! The indomitable energy, perseverance and pluck of our people is proverbial. Louisiana was colonized by D'Iberville ; New Orleans was founded by his brother, the Sieur de Bienville ; Milwaukee by Solomon Juneau; Galveston by Michel Menard; J.B.Faribault founded the settlement in Minnesota which bears his name; Gabriel Franchere was one of the founders of Astoria, and crossed the Rocky Mountains long before Fremont or Palliscr ; whilst Colonel Head t demonstrated the practicability of an overland route to India. Go where we will throughout the world, wc will find a representa- tive of these Provinces holding some important position or perform- ing some useful profession or function. Towards the end of the last *Dr. A. P. Reid, a graduate of McGill College ; author of a Dissertation on Strychnia, t Dr. J. A. Grant, F.G.S., of Ottawa. t A native of Nova Scotia in the Imperial Service ; autlior of a work oa the Overland Route to India. •I t i University presenting try, and on ordial man- Ah ! I will ing a Cana- It would 2eling to be face of the ittachnient. patriotism, imed of the industrious Ives. And )ur national actitionersf Surgeons of hen he pre- )ut any ad- pursued in had gained ndergo the igh the first him that it )licant) had were quite ad granted ir people is ew Orleans Iwaukee by . Faribault ne; Gabriel jrossed the list Colonel d route to representa- or perform- i of the last Dissertation fa work oa century a Freach Canadian artist * was flourishing in Russia. In India w<* will still hear the nnme of ^ who carried off the prize fur the best Entilish poem at Oxford. At Florence, Falardeau, || brush in hand, will greet us It is not long since that one of our fellow colonists, lately de:id.*l| occupied a seat in one of the Australian Parlia- ments, whilst in the Legishitures of Vancouver and British Colum- bia, we have still representatives. '■'''' At Gibraltar we can claim the Chief Justice, f'j" T' e recollection of the lofty and moving eloquence of JJa PlessisJJ in the French pul; it is still fresh in the religious circles in Paris ; and in the prayers of the Abbe do Be lujeu §i^ the * Bl incours, the first Ca'-adian who studied painting in iiiurope, where he curried off a prize at one of the Academies. j- Tlie late J. R. Wilby, who successively edited the ITurhiru : Bengal Times; The Mofussllile ; Ddhi Gozeilc; Lahore Chronicle; auiX the FrieJid of India. There was scarcely a department in philology or the sciences in regard to which he was altcgether ignorant. Mis linguistical and scientific attai'iments were pretty near'y on a par. Asa public writer, Mr. W. was one of the boldest and mo3t thoroughly honest the Indian press ever pos- sessed. t Mr. Stevenson, Professor of Astronomy in the University of Calcutta. ^ Owen Ale?rar:der Vid'il, son of the late Admiral V'idal of Sarnia. Ap- points d by Lord Palmerston, a fcAv years since, an Attache to the Embassy to Pekin. :[ Chevalier Falardeau, a Canadian Artist. ^ Alexander Keefer, brother of T. C. Keefer, Esq , C. K., represented the Oven District in the Victoria Assembly. ** Hon. Geo A. Walkem, a graduate of McGill College, and Dr. Powell, brother of Lt.-Ool. Powell, Deputy Adjutant General, Canada. It Sir James Cockrane, born at Halifax. Admitted at the Inner Temple 1818, and called to the bar there in 1829. Appointed Chief Justice of Gibr.il tar, 1841. Jt Francois Xavier Du Pless's, of the Company of Jesus, born at Quebec in 1693. He early displayed such powers as a preacher that hi-? brethren sumraoDcdhim to Europe, in order that he might have a larger field for the exercise of his talents He taught philosophy at Arras, and was Apostolic Missionary in Plander?, where he greatly distiogu'shed himself as a pulpit orator. Returning to Paris he passed the remainder of his life in the capi- tal. The date of his death is unknown. §§ The Abb6 Louis Li^nard deBeaujeu, a member of the distinguished Canadiiin fimily of that name. L'Abbo Faillon reproduces a letter from th» Superior oi the Sulpicians at Paris to the Superior of the branch of the Order at Montreal, in which occurs the folh^wing pass ge : — " I have the pleasure of informing you thit a young Canadian, t e Ahb6 de B^anjeu, haa carried away the pr-ize for a theoligic^l thesis, from all the French competitors." The Abbe was afterwards appointed Confessor in Ordinary to the King. 12 I ■i:i' unfortunate Louis XVT. found that religious and spiritual consolation which he so much needed. Grnspott de St. Siiuvcur occupied the honorable position of French Consul in Huni^nry. In Mexico we have at the pres^ont time more th^m one'"'' of our native sons holding important posts in the Imperial service. In Edinburgh, a few years ago, there died a prolate f of the Church of Rome, who was always proud to acknowlod-o Canada rs the land of his birth and the cradle of his education and advancement. In London we will find a Peer of the Realm,'! the ho;ul of one of the proudest nnd most honorable houses of the nobility of the United KinGjdom,a learned Queen's Counsel,§ an active liiodicfil prnctitioner and scientific writer,|| and a youriijand promising poet,^|" who will not bo ashamed of the country whence they came. The honor-rolls of English Universities tell of prizes and degrees carried off against the world.** It is only a short time * Captain Faucher de St. Maurice, a native of Quebec, Clievulitr of the Imperial Order of (Juadaloupe, a uk mber of the Academy ol So ences of Mexiro ; lioMs the medal fur the late Mexicin expedition in which he was twice wounded. t The late Rijrht Rev. Jamo Oiliies, I). D., Bishop of Limyra ; born in Canadft, 1802 ; died in Scotland 18l;4, A powerful sin 1 eloquent preacher, a warm-hearted and affectionate divine, his words were listened to with the greatest resi>ecr ; a'id it is worthy of remark, not only as an instance of his ma'itery -rf the French and other tongues, but of his ability as a preach- er, that he frequently preached before the Court of Charles X., and in seve- ral important towns nnd cities on the Continent. His life seamed to be devoted to exemplifying the mottc, "Peace on earth and good will to men." i The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine. Born at Montreal, 1849, § Henry Bliss, Q. C, a native of Nova Scotia. II George Duncan Gibb, M D., LL.D.. M.R.C.P., F.G.S., Assistant Phy- sician to and Lectuier on Forensic Medicine, at tbe Westminster Hospital, and Member of the British Associatim for the Advancement of Science; author of a larf^e number of Medical and other scientific works and pamphlets. ^ Isidore G. Ascher, B C.L , author of Voices from the Hearth ; contri- butes to British Periodical Literature. ** Thomas Hinck?, B,A., of Boliol College, Oxford, born at Toronto, 5th August, 1841 ; died at Georgetown, Deratrara, 8th November, 1864 Mr, H., received h s prefatory education at Upper Canada College, and at the High School, Quebec. At the agt> of fourieen, he entered at Harrow, and went up from thence to Baliol Colh ge, Oxford, with the brighttst auguries of success on the part of his preceptors, by whom his abilities and charac- ter were most highly esteemc'l. Nor were ihei/ anticipations disappointed, for after a brilliant University career, he graduated in May, 1864 (the year of his death), with the hipjh distinction of a first class. He whs des- tined for the profession of the law, and had enrolled his name as a member of the Inner Temple. This death occun-ed shortly after taking his degree. " Those whom the gods love die young." Mr. G. D. Redpath, of Montreal, a graduate of the University of Cam- men u oonpolation iciipicd the Mexico we ns holding I few years was always the cradle d a Peer of fible houses , Counsel,§ you lie; and :ry whence 1 of prizes short time ralitT of the So ences of in which he pra ; born in nt preacher, 'ned to with instance of as a preach- and in seve- !3med to be vill to men." 49. •istant Pby- er Hospital, of Science; ■works and rth ; contri- Foronto, 5th 1 864 Mr, and at the arrow, and st auguries ind charac- isappointed, 1864 (the le WH3 des- 3 a member his degree. ty of Cam- •f:< since that two young Canndian * officers in the examination for entrance into Sandhurst Collefje, where they had for competitors representatives from every branch in the service, came out " first" and *' fourth" respectively on the lists. Turning back for a moment to the period of French supremacy in this country, we find that New France gave birth to two remarkable men, whose careers demand more than passinpj notice. The first, Lemoine D'Iberville, reputed to be the most skilful naval officer in the service of Fr;ince, was a scion of the noble house of Do Loogucil, and WMS born in Montreal, in 1001. He was one of seven brothers, who all played important parts in the affairs of Canada, in the sev- enteenth century. At an early age he went to sea as a marine guard in the Imperial Service, and as a volunteer in the midnight attack on Schenectady, his bravery and skill were so conspicuous, that he was immediately afterwards appointed an ensign. Gradually rising in his profession, we find him, in 1080, the commander of the expedi- tion winch recovered Fort Nelson from the British, and with it the control of the Indian commerce on the Nelson River. He invaded Newfoundland, overrunning the whole Island, taking forts, and even attacking St. Johns itself; and subsequently achieved some consi- derable victories over the English, in Hudson's Bay, where he was afterwards shipwrecked. In 1098 ho was commissioned by the French Government to explore the mouth of the Mississippi, which had never yet been entered from the sea, and to erect a fort on its banks. With two frigates, two smaller vessels, a company of marines and about two hundred settlers, he set sail from Rochefort. Touching at St. Domingo, he passed over to Pensacola, which he found occu- pied by Spaniards, and reached Massacre Island, near Mobile, in February, 1099. Accompanied by his brother, De Bienville, who had been a companion of La Salle, and forty-eight men, he en- tered the Mississippi on the 2nd of March, and ascended it to some considerable distance. Erecting a fort as a proof of French jurisdiction, the command of which he intrusted to his bro- ther, D'lberville sailed for France, but returned when the authority of his country on the river was endangered by British aggression. In the following year he again ascended the Mississippi, as far as the country of the Natchez, while his brother explored Western Louisi- ana, crossed the Red River, and approached New Mexico. Aban- bridge, in the last examination, in 1864, went out "with honors in the classical tripos."' It would appear that this young genllemen not only trained hi? brain, but liis muscle a)>^o, for at one of the lecent anuual boat contests between Oxford and Cambridge, he was dclared the winner of the race ! * Lieut. J. G. Ridout, late KOth Rpgiment, who had 2,699 marks, and Lieut. C. W. Robertson, 2nd Batt., P. CO., Rifle Brigade, who had 2,425: both of Toronto. u (joni'nj? the settlements wliich ho had founder', through tlie havoc Tvhich diseipo had mafic nnunist t'le peojle, h>i planted one on the western bank of the 3Iobilo Riv< r, ir b^inj: thii first Europe n settle- ment in Ahibama. He also constructed fortific itions on M issacre Island, which became, as it were, the centre of the colony. At this time he wns attticked with yellow fever and only escaped with his health considerably impaired. In 1699 he had been created a Che- valier of the Order of St. Louis, and soon alter the events I have described he was called to Europe and made commandint at Roche- fort. In 170G he was placed in command of a large fleet to effect the conquest of the Enj^lish West Indies. He captured the Islands of Nevis and St. Christopher, and failuig that of Jamaica, he was on the point of attackinij; Carolina, when his career was suddenly cut short, by his death, which occurred on board his flag- ship on the open sea. The other individual to whom I have reference was Lieutenant Gen- eral Yicomte DeLery, one of the first French Military En(j;ineers of his time. Born at Quebec in 1754, he was the son of a French oflicer Tfho had been a p Apil of the great Vauban, and who, having a pas- F,ionate love for the profession of arms, naturally desired to see his son also follow it. When only eight years of age, young DeLery commenced his studies in Paris, and at fifteen was admitted into the School of Engineers. In 1773 he received his Lieutenancy and served in several naval expeditions during the American Revolutionary war, and subsequently took part in the battle be- tween the Count de Guichen and Admiral Kempenfeldt, and assist- ed to place the Islands of Guadaloupe and Tobago in a state of de- fence. In 1790 he was decorated with the Cross of St. Louis. The hostilities which were commenced in 1792, and which were main- tained for a considerable period, offered frequent opportunities for the development af his talents, and for making rapid progress in the glorious career he had adopted. He allowed none of the numerous campaigns in which he was engaged to pass without associating his name with the glories of Kleber, Jourdan and Bernadotte. In 1804 he became Chief of Brigade ; in 1805, General of Division, and a year later Director of Fortifications. Rising still higher^ as his genius and talent manifested themselves, in 1808 the first Consul named him Inspector of Fortifications and Commandant of Engineers in Holland. Under the distinguished officers I have just named, he planned the works and agreed to all the measures of attack and defence which facilitated the different passages of the Rhine at Dusseldorf and Vandaugen and secured the retreat of the array. General DeLery was on the Danube, and accompanied Marshal McDonald through the difficult campaigns of the Grison, and was pre- sent with the grand army at Ulm and Austerlitz. He commanded at the seiges of Bibcruch and Phillipsburg, conducted the blockades of entered was sev stormin the last and th gazettei 15 L];e havoc no on the ?.■ n scttle- I M isf-acre At this 1 with his ted a Che- ats I have at Rnche- 2t to effect he Islands he was on Idenlj cut liip on the enant Gea- neersofliis 5nch oliicer zing a pas- i to see his \§ b:ithcd the rampart of the Redan with his devoted blood. These are names which rccjuire no eulogy ; no *' storied urn or animated bust" can add to the greatness of their performances ; their memories will remain fresh and green with us until time shall be no more. In the more peaceful pursuits of life, we can claim Donald McKay, the eminent shipbuilder and inventor, and Sir Samuel Cunard, who might properly be called the father of steam navigation on the Atlantic; liear-Admiral Sir Edward IJelchcr, whom Captain Mar- ryatt declared to be the "first surveying oihcer in the world," and who has distinguished himself as a circumnavigator of the globe, and com- manded an expedition in search of Sir John Franklin; Sir Charles * Col. Mountain, C.B., arid Aide-de-Camp to the Queen. Born at Que- bec, 1797 ; died when on the inarch from Cawnpore to Futtyghur, 1854. t Major G. S. Moniiz.iinhert, 10th Foo*-.. Born at Qaebec, 1813. Killed ia action 12th September, 1848. X Of Nova Scotia. § Major Welsford, of Nova Sootia, to whose memory a National Monu- ment has been erected at Halifax. "And thoi:, brave Welsfjrd! when the b< ttle's van RoUtd its red surges on the firm Redan, Thou with the first upon the rampart stoo 1, And bathed its stones with thy devoted blood. Well I recall thee in thy youthful bloom, Ere cap and gown were changed for sword and plume ; Nor thought I then, ere ludra five, to see The Poet's verse applied with truth to ihee: ' Dulce el decorum est,' runs the glowing line, 'Propatria mori,' such a death was thine." Epistola Poetica lul Familiarcm anctore. V.R. Josepho H. Clinch, A.M E Coll. Reg. N. S. MDCCCLXIV. To this list of British Americans in the army and navy might be added the names of General Cochrane, and the late Admiral Sir Jableet Brenton, and numerous others. ! Parlii ^Winni . If. itOD, I iington unriva ja f acili The Jias el Chevaj |Dean£i, )aintiD limselj |00Q 6^ )roceec inent. MoQ of ^ith th ^e succ |he At! s< *Sir )red th( a 19 I the Crimea 111 their lives lo of *' deeds er place the v^ from the tuin-I^ fell a e Empire he killed whilst in. In that Kay, Sewell s fiL'ht; and his devoted itoricd urn or lances ; their e shall be no )nald McKay, Cunard, who ation on the Captain Mar- rid," and who obe, and com- ; Sir Charles Born at Que- tyghur, 1854. 1813. Killed National Monu- n ■Darling,* Governor of Victoria, Australia, and the late Sir William 'Winniett,-|- Governor of the Gold Coast, are also British Americans. If we turn to the Fine Arts, we have the late Gilbert Stuart New- ton, K.A., the famous painter; the friend of Leslie and of Wash- ington Irving ; wliose works the latter said had " a coloring almost unrivalled, and a liveliness of fancy and aouickness of conception, and ja facility and grace of execution, that spread a magic charm over them/' The same indomitable spirit of energy and perseverance which }ias characterized all our countrymen is traced in the life of the Chevalier Falardeau. Originally a poor boy in Quebec, without ineans, and very little education, he conceived a great passion for painting; and at the termination of his day's labor would devote liimself constantly and assiduously to the cultivation of the art, and foon evinced decided marks of ability. His cherished desire was to i>roceed to Europe, to study in the great schools on the Cou- inent. His poverty for a long time prevented the consumma- ion of his design ; but at length, through hard scraping, and rith the assistance of some friends who perceived his growing talents, le succeeded in getting together sufficient to pay his passage across fhe Atlantic. He took up his residence in Italy, and by dint of 3vere study and practice, in course of time attained a high position his profession, and has since had conferred upon him, by the Grand ►uke of Tuscany, the title which he bears. In addition to these, we possess five other painters, of consider- )le ability, in Kane, Bourassa, Plamondon, Hamel and Legar6. In science, we are especially proud of our Logan,J I)awson,§ resner, 1 1 Billings^ and Bell,** who occupy a place with the first men Dlume H. Clinch, A.M navy might be liral Sir Jableet * Sir Charles Darling, K.O.B. Born at Annapolis Royal, 1809. En- bred the army, fi'om Sandhurst College, in 1826; retired in 1841. Has Ben Buccessirely Lieutenant-Governor of St. Lucia ; Lieutenant-Governor ' the Cape of Good Hope ; Governor-in-Chief of Antigua and the Leeward lands ; Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland ; Captain General and )vernor-in-Chief of Jamaica ; and is now Governor of Victoria. t Sir W. Winniett served for a lengthened period in the Royal Navy, \d saw much active service. Died 1851. jj Sir William E. Logan, F.R.S, F.G.S., director of the Geological Sur- [y of Canada. Born at Montreal, 1798. In 1856, was awarded the Wol- 3ton gold medal, by the Geological Society of England, Jg J. W. Dawson, F.R.S., F.G.S., Principal of the University of McGill >llege, Montreal. Born at Pictou, N.S., 1820. Author of many scientific id other works. The late Abraham Gesner, M.D. Born at Cornwallis, N.S., discoverer Kerosene Oil, and the modes of extracting oils from coals and other tuminous substances ; died in 1862. Elkanah Billing?, F.G.S., the well-known Paleontologist, born in loucester, near Ottawa, C.W. Author of various contributions to scien- ic literature. §>* Robert Bell, C.B., F.G.S. Professor of Chemistry and Natural 20 of the daj, and who have rendered important services, which can |a CI never adequately be repaid by their fellow-countrymen of British Iproho America. |have To these our sciential pioneers — the delvers who have brought iLema forth from the bosom of the earth the countless treasures which had in Bo remained hidden from the sight and use of man, through the lapse iFerlac of ages — the words of the poet had not been addressed in vain : " Hope evermore and believe, man, for e'en as thy thought is So are the things that thou seest, — e'en as thy hope and belief. Cowardly art thou, and timid ? they rise to proroke thee against them. Hast thou courage? enough, see them exulting to yield. Yea, ;he rough rock, the dull earth, the wild sea's furying storm, (Violent, say'st thou, and hard, — mighty thou think'st to destroy,} All, with ineffable longing, are waiting their Invader AH, with one varying voice, call to him, Gome and subdue I Fear not, retire not, man ; hope evermore and believe. Go from the east to the west, as the sun and the stars direct thee ; Go with the girdle of man, go and encompass the earth, — Not for the gain of gold, for the getting, the hoarding, the having, — But for the joy of the deed ; but for the duty to do. Say to thyself, — It is good ; yet is there better than it. This that I sec is not all, and this that I do is but little ; . Nevertheless it is good, though there is better than it." irgc 11 p the |re sev< irena, ^ d ent time! ho 001 n In Literature we have produced a Grasset de Saint Sauvcur,* s Thomas Chandler Haliburton,t a John Foster Kirk,J a Job i ^^ 1 Richardson, § a "Cousin May Carleton."|| a Pierre Chauveau,* J*'?^^ *l Sciences, in Queen's University, Kingston. Born in the Township of Tor onto, 1841. Has been connected with, and contributed to, the reports o the Geological Survey of Canada, and has written many papers in con nection with the natural sciences. * A celebrated French litterateur. Born at Montreal, 1757. Autho of many works of fiction and miscellaneous productions, which were ei tremely popular in France in his day ; died in Paris, 1810. f Tlie late Member for Launceton, in the House of Commons. Born i Nova Scotia, 1803. Author of the unrivalled productions of " Sat Slick," satirizing the character and manner of the Yankee people, whic are declared for genuine wit and humour to stand unequalled. t The author of '^TheHistory of Charles the Bold of Burgundy," vrhich Hi seivedly drew forth the unqualified praise of the British and American presi when it appeared some years since. Born at Fredericton, N.B., 1824, ac has since taken up his residence in the United States, where he contribatf to the periodical press. § The late Major Richardson, a native of Upper Canada. Author c '*Wacousta," ** HcartS," " Tne Canalian Brothers,'^ &c. 11 Mrs, Fleming, a native of New Brunswick, the well-known writer ft , American serials. ^ The author of Charles Giierin, &c. r ■ ^^- leilson; Jrs, Ba )hnsor )t brio lich h ise ar 11 bej Ite wi the itwh 'v 21 5S, which can a Charles Sang.stcr,* a Francois Garneau,t a llosanna Le- on of British prohon,]; an Octave Crcm{»zie,s;^ and a Louisa r»Iurray.|i We have poets in IIowc, Fiset, Asoher, Frechette, Vadeboncncur, have brought JLemay, Gray, Reeves, Vining, Katzmann and Jennings ; novelistn res which had |n Bourassa, DeBoucherville, and Lajoie ; historians in Christie, lU^'h the lapse iFerland, Murdoch and Bibaud, and a long list of miscellaneous dm vain : :^ritcrs, such as Royal, Sewell, Tachd, Casgrain, Scjaddinjr, DeGasp6, Jjemoine, Hodgins, Marshall, DessauUes, Harrison, DeBellefeuille, verley. Griffin, Hart, Raymond, Soulard and many others. These, ^ith Neilson, Howe, Morin, Young, Parent, McDougall, Cauchon, J*ope and McCully, as journalists, present a galaxy of native talent lufficient to speak for itself. ji Before I close, I may remark that we have been fortuntite in the general class of public men (natives and others) who have from time time guided the destinies of our great country. Many of them ^ave evinced the possession of a very considerable share of those irge intellectual qualities of reason and capacity which go to make %p the statesman and the diplomatist ptir excellence. Indeed there |re several of them who, if their lot had been cast in the English irena, would do credit to the House of Commons. In public spirit ind enterprise, and in being equal to grapple with great difficulties ; ^ times of great emergency, there are one or two of our statesmen #ho could stand in the same place with the leading men in the ad- it Sauvcur,* s fining Republic or in Europe. Cirk t a Johi j| ^^ ^^^® ^^^ ^'^ many of our politicians a race of *' giants," If we - ' "^call the names of the Sewells, DeLotbini^res, Stuarts, Papineaus, eilsons, Robinsons, Youngs, DeBartzchs, Uniaches, SuUivans, Val- rs, Baldwins, Doylos, Lafontaines, Archibalds, Hincks, Morins and hnsons of the past, what a grand and powerful class of men do we t bring before us ? These, ladies and gentlemen, are the names ich have contributed to our country's greatness and splendor — se are the men who have helped to build up what in future years 1 be a great northern monarchial nation, vicing in power and re- te with the vast and voracious Republic across our borders. These the men whose rendering of the word cht>/ was far different from t which poor Arthur C lough gives : — ight is belief. ) against them g Btorm, » destroy,) ,ue I » * * irect thee ; he having, — * 7+ _ re Chauveau," township of Tor the reports o y papers in cod I, 1757. Autho which were ei 0. ninon3 Born 1 otions of "Sat :ee people, whic led. gundy" which d( d American pres; N.B., 1824, aD re he contribute aada. Author c ■kaown writer ft <( Duty— ^'tis to take on tru3t What things are good, and right and just ; Our popular Canadian poet, whose fame is not confined to his native viace, but extends to Europe itself. t Author of the best History of Canada extant. % Author of many deservedly popular works. § A French Canadian poet of rare powers. Author of the Citiei Curate aai other novels. A contributor to Once 'eek. And whether indeed thej be or be not, Try not, test not, feel not, see not : 'Til walk ftnd dance, sit down and rli'^ By leading, opening ne'er your eyes ; Stunt sturdy limbs that Naturo gave, And be drawn in a bath-chair to the graye." arc And now, in conclusion) may I express the hope that you satisfied that British America has produced many great names which will live, and that the place in history which they have won for themselves is no unworthy or inconsiderable one. If we, our sons or successors, can one day cast a retrospective glance over a long life, and feel that we have done as well — that we have discharged our obligations to our Sovereign and Government as faithfully, that we have served the interests of our country as zealously, and that we leave behind us a name as good and great, a reputation as unsullied and clear, surely ours will be a feeling of heart-felt satisfaction — surely we shall deserve well of posterity ! ii .* ■...., "i. -i-'r-yt -T that you arc names whioh bave won for retrospective !7ell — that we , Goyerninent ur country as and great, a a feeling of posterity ! v*-^