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Our Stock is Large, Our Prices Reason aWe. atid All Goods Warranted. ]:rxirrii<^NiuRRAY %: A f E R O 1 f; E E T , 3 T , S 1 E F' H E N , ; M^^" .zTf.K'^ -^ L //^ IIISTOEI or k f'. ISLANDS & ISLETS IX THE BAY OF FUXJ) Y, riiarlolle I'ountv, New Bniiiswick: FUOM TIIKin KARLIEST SETTLKMEXT TO TTIK PRESriNT ■ '^ time; INCLUDIN'd . ^ . . ^ N, Sketches of Shipwrecks and Othek Events (If Exciting Interest BY J. G. LORIMER, Esq .f-'V*. :* V"::^. i • ST. STEPHEN, N. B. VKINTEI) AT THE OFFICE OF THE SAINl' CROIX COURIEK ! 187() * ^ il * '„* * *i ■ ^i.'--^^: ■-.h ' CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. .,-: INTRODUCTORY. The Bay-Ite Peculiarities— Rivers— Capes— Crti.e Blomi.lon— Basin ol Minas-Tides- Fogs-Bay de Veite-Wellingt.,n Dyke -Counties Waslied.&c, Page 5. ' CHAPTER II. ;*■ '» GRAND MAN AN. Early History-Seal Cove-Outer Islandg-Gmnd Harbour- Wood- ward's Cove- White Head-Centvoville -North Hea - ■ INDIAN ISLAND. Early History-James Chaifey-Jndian Kelics-Le Fontaine-Smug. Khng-Fight for Tar-Capturfe of Schooner-John Doyle's Song- -Fnnians and the British Flag-Stores Barnt-Isln.Kl Fleet-CustoraR —Indians' Burying Ground, &c. Page 73. CHAPTER V. DEER ISLAND. Early History-Peculiaiity of Road System-Pishless Lake-Indian Rehcs-Coye3-Churches.-School3 _ Temperance- WhirlpooIs-Jx»8s ( 'oiitoits. of Lifo— B(>;if nwaUowol up in Whirlpools— Piouf* Sin«>ng Saves a BoatniHii — Lobfter Factory, &c. Page 89. .... • ; .^^ CHAPTEU VI. -ty CAMl'OMKT.LO. Ktirly History — Sinvoving Stouiner Columbia — Miiu'mly— FIiivbourH — Liph. house — Church«9 -Schools— Welchpool—Wilaon's Boacli— Adnii- i-hI Owen — Captiiiii JlobiTjs^on-Owen— Dibh FiiiisJ — Boat Uacin^: — Vete- ran Mail Carrier — Central Koad—Harbour ilo liUte, ik.v. l*.i;^« 97. K> ^ ciriArTEii Yii. ■ ' •■ ' RECAPITULATOKY AND C(^'NGL['S1VK. liemarks -The Bay— I'lie " Bore "—Lives Lost— Five Lights— Salt- Water Triangle — Militia rramiup: -Gieat Hole ThroMfrh a Cliff— Wash- ington and Wellin,';ton— Minerals — Hettutiful Specunons — New Weir — Porpoise Shooting — Fertility—Houses and Stores— Pedlars— Post- Ofticos — Mail-Vessels— Schooners— Boats and Steamer — Singular Fruit — (icueral lloview— Closing Remarks. Paffe 107. A D V E R T I S y M E N T ir^ ' ;, C. N. Vroom, St. Stephen, N.B. . Love, Clark & Co., do. H. W. Goddard, do. .' " G.F.Pinder, ~' ; : a^. :' ^^ ^ • '"^^ ' -^' ' .' ' ^'^ M. McGowan, " -" moi. '. ' ' ; " ' . J. K. Lallin, "40. ' '• '• i- • . Griffin Bros., EaStport, Me., and Campobello, TfT. B. - "' E. Daggett, >sorth Head, Grand Manan, • . Magnus Green, do. do. •,.■ > , •' Mrs. E. A. Dixon, do. do. ^ '' " ' " • William Watt, do. do. "'' \" "^ . , James O'Brien, do. do. . ' *^ - . - N. M. Small, Woodward's Cove, Grand Manati, ■"• John Fraser, do. do. . Smith & Murray, St. Stephen, N. B. . ■ page The St. Croix Coun«r, do. , . . " page 12.1 ti 124 ,-^' ^- - ISLANDS ANT) ISLETS ts— Salt- — Wiish- ew Weiv re — Post- la 1- Fruit IN THE BAY OF FUNDY. \Mige 123 " 124 ♦' 125 " 126 " 127 ' 128 " 129 " 130 " 130 " 130 " 131 •' 131 •' 132 «' 1J2 of Cover do. -•■'ly^:Ti^V"-^''■ CHAPTER I. INTHODUCTOP.Y. HE various islands lyin^ in tLe Bay of Fundy and ander the Government of tlic Dominion of Canada embrace a fair 1,^^^^ field for historical and descriptive embodi- ment. » As tho?e islands are no mean appendages of the New Dominion, and gradually rising' in importance, it would seem a fitting time now, no longer to delay to make tliom better known, and thus add theis quota to the pjrand inducements of the Dominion, gener- ally, for an increasing population. Visitors to a few of those islands and newspaper contributors have, occasion- ally, presented their pen-sketches just as fancy and disposition directed them ; — but, to do those tracts of sea-land something like justice, a methodical history, published in a form less evanescent tban the columns of i\ Lewspaj)er, is needed ; and to supply this requirement is the intention of the author of the present publication. The nearer art approaches nature in her delineations, the nearer to perfection ; so the nearer romance comes toreulity — tiction to truth — the closer hold it takes up«#n our judgment and ouf feelings. Historical remixiiscences t, y. 6 Bay of Fundi/ Inlands and Islefg. are always fresh and new ; and dost^riptivo {i;eof:frap}iy possesses a charm, recommending* itself alike to old and younp. The novelist, who keeps liis Rocrin;.^ fli<,'hts of imagination within tlie lionnds of probability, oommands and receives the admiration and approval of every reader who desires and delights in sometliing more tlian airy nothin.ojs, flights of fancy, and incredibilities. If we feel that we are reading facts, although the record e-honM read ** strange as fiction," the impression is liable to. t)e deep and enduring, and, in many instances, carries salutary influences with it. The pages now in the hands of the reader, lay right- ful claim to authenticity, without the embellishments of studied diction, or the tinselled adornments of romance. Indeed, such are needless here, for abundant material presents itself in progressing with ilie work in hand, to satisfy the most ardent lover of the marvellous, that "truth is stranger than fiction." The reader is now introduced to the Bay of Fundy. This bay is a magnificent portion of the Atlantic Ocean, running some 150 miles up from its mouth, and separating Nova Scotia from New Brunswick. It is not our task here to award the meed of fame to Scandinavian, French, the Cabots, Americus Vespucius, Colum- bus, Cartier, DeMonts, Champlain, or others, as the original discoverers or explorers of the Bay of Fundy. It is enough that we have this splendid old bay before us, studded in many parts with beautiful islands. The singularity of its tides has been noted from the first dawn of its discovery by European eyes. They have a rise and fall varying from 30 to 60 feet, and sometimes 60 feet ! At all times the flux and reflux of these rush- ing tides, more especially at the mouths of the rivers, bays, and basins, of the head w .ters, are remarkable, presenting objects of intense inters st. Not unfrequently a sort of tidal wave, which from itt. white froth foam has obtained the name of "bore," comes rolling in andover the 1T)W flat shores with a seemingly overwhelming rapidity and force, hardly conceivable by one who has never witnessed it, rushing swifter than the foaming speed of an Arabian charger, and with a noise more terrific than the thundering roa.' of an African lion ! This bay, has the unenviable reputation of being a In Charlotte Countff, Npw Ihnnswick, lodgliipf-place for vvhiit Roftmon dread more than tempest ff<is — fo;^ — and not unjustly ; for durint^ the summer months, the very period of flie year when sjilt water margins and their scenery are sought by tonriats as sources of invii^oraf.ing enjoyment, that detestable foe to the sailor and the tourist, fog, comes too ! It brings witli it und puts on an extins]juir.her, not unfrequently for many days and niofhts in succession, over the lovely scenery of land and sea. But, even this salt water fo to roam at will over its fertile bosom of broad acres. Tlie " W^ellington Dyke * stands sentinel to obstruct tl ^ enemy. The reader will please pardon the digression if we deviate a little from our course here to remark, paradox- In Charlotte Court tii, New Brunswick. 9 ically, tliat this coinieeJiug link, the Isthmus of Chig- necto, is tho dividiii',' line hetvveen the fine County of Cumberland iu Nova Scotia, and its equally fine County of W( stnioreland in New Brunswick, and that Cumher- hird County is at present lepresented in the Dominion Parliu-.ncnt by T)r, Tupper, who is a large land owner in each Province, and accoriliiigly seems to hold an even- handed justice and good fellowship for them both. Westmoreland County has the parliamentary guardian- ship of Hon. A. J. Smith, who being the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, is in duty bound to exercise his powers for the general goodj irrespective of locality. The f-outliern shore of the Bay of Fundy washes four counties belonging to Nova Scotia — namely, Digby, Annapolis, Kings, and Hants — those counties lying on the north side of that Province. The northern part of the Bay washes three counties on the south coast of New Brunswick — namely, Char- lotte, St. John and Albert Counties. From this brief sketch of the Bay of Fuudy, the reader, hitherto unacquainted with it, may form a very good idea of the long and broad expanse of water sur- rounding the islands, the ])rincipal of which, appertaining to the Province of New Brunswick, is herein described. The author of tiiis little n ork, feels keenly alive to the task. In this age of book-making, it requires no little hardiho»)d to launch forth on the stormy, fluctuating and sometimes v>'helming waves of public opinion and news- papers' criticisms, an original production. Were the author seeking for the fame of authGrshi[),he would not be an aspirant — were he writing as a paid scribe, he would shrink from the responsibility; but when he lifts his pen to bring into greater notoriety the islands of the Bay of Fnndy, sitaate in the waters of Charlotte County, Nesv Brunswick, his liand seems nerved to the under- taking; for he feels those islands merit all that tn/f/^ [can present in their l)ehalf ; and even then, the words iof Sheba's Queen to Solomon the King, may be appropriately quoted -*'The half has not been told." The author avails himself of the opportunity atifbrded [him in these prefatory remarks, to tender his obligations [to William Dixon, Esq., of Her Majesty's Customs at [Indian Island ; also, to Mr. Walter B. McLaughlin, of 'iv 10 Bay of Fundij Idands and Islets, vrrantl Manan, for the valuable aid reiulei-ed in obtainiiif^ and imparting very much information touching the original history of Indian Island and the Island of Grand Manan. Others, too, who have readily con- tributed snch information as they possessed, will accept the author's thanks; for, unaided in collecting necer-sary material, the present volume would have been Jeficient in many of the most interesting events connected with our islands' history. .: , ;, <^:. .;i' , ^ i. % '■^ , I' Hi i 11; ' jii i ? ,- \t ' ■*-,*- * V C , . f ■f'" In Charlotte Cnnnti/, New Bmnsnick. 11 ng the laud of ly coii- \ accept ecer-sury jefioient teu with y'^-^'^ ...■'•i^.i;5'-fcC ^:ri I -jJL CHAPTER II. GBAND MANAN. i flYTHOLOGY describes Nereus as a marine deity attendant on Neptune, the god of the sea; with numerous Nf^reids, lior daughters, as beautiful sea nyraphs riding on S'^a horses; and the fabled description has, in part, its reality in Grand Manan, which sits as an ocean goddess out on the restless waves of the Bay of Fundy, with numerous little islands, like marine Nereids, clustered around her. This fine island and its many appurtenances of minor islands and islets, comprise the Parish of Grand Manan, in the County of Charlotte, in the Province of New Brunswick. The })rovince,ht.v'ing been divided into counties — the County of Clmrlotte is bounded on the south by the Bay of Fundy; and on the west by the Hiver Saint Croix and the western shore of Passamaquoddy Bay; on the east by a line running true north thirty miles from Point Lepreaux ; and on the north by the line running true west from the termination of the last-mentioned line. Deputies Wilkinson and Mahood made this survey in A. D. 1838 ; and, subsequently, a re-survey was made by Deputy Mahood in the year 1845, establishing the original boundaries, and inchiding all the islands adjacent thereto, and the Island of Grand ^lanan and the islands adjacent to it. The division of the province into counties was next followed by the division of each county into parishes; and by an Act of Legislature passed 1st May, 1S54, the Island of Grand Manan, with its appurtenances, became a separate political parish, known as the Parish of Grand Manan. It must not be understood, however, that Grand Manan was not a parish, distinct from the other parishes in the county, previous to the political divisions under, and by authority of the Act passed in 1854. The is- 12 Bay of Fundy Islands and Islets^ 'm land had been regarded as the Parish of Grand Man an many years hefore — to which reference will he made on another page, connected with a circumstance of no com- mon kind — but we must not anticipate. It was l)y the codification of the laws and statutes of New Brunswick in the year 1854, that the law prescrihed the political division of the province into counties and pnrisheR; and thus Grand Manan, with its island appurtenances, was, in common with the other parishes, firmly and de- finitely set apart, by legal statute, as the Parish of Grand Manan, in the County of Charlotte. The boundaries of this important parish of i^dands having been definitely settled, the main island. Grand Manan, in extent, is 20 miles long, and 8 miles broad. "Calkin's Geography" so describes it, and as that work bas been introduced as a text book into the public schools of New Brunswick, under the sanction of the Board of Education, it would be assuming more than would be conceded, to dispute its correctness, conse- quently, we take it for granted that this fine island is of the aforesaid dimensions. Its earliest history runs co-eval with the discovery of the Bay of Fundy; although, doubtless, many events and exciting scenes, abounding with intense interest, liave sunk beneath the dark wave of oblivion, which neither grapnel, nor skillful diver, nor pearl-fisher can ever bring up to appear on historic page, which is much to be regretted. The intrepid and ardent Champlain, who with De Monts furrowed the waves of the broad Bay of Fundy with his adventurous keel in the years 1604-5, mentions the discovery of the island while coasting along from the St. John River to Passamaquoddy Bay. There ex- ists a slight difference in the orthography of the woid — the name of the island — as among tlie subjects of Her Majesty it is spelled Grand Manan; while the subjects of the American Republic invaria])ly spell it Grand Menan. A custom's officer has only to note the *'e" in the last part of tlie nan)e on barrel, or box, or p^ircel that raav reach tlio island, to assure liiniself whence it came. American authority cites the Passamaquoddy Indian in support of its orthography of the word Menan, signifying island; but ChamT>]ain speaks of it, as men- tioned by him in his voyage-description, as called by In Charlotte Counti/, New Brunsirick. 13 the Ravages Mcnthanc ; and, acfain referring to the island, spells it Mavnsne; leavinfrthe reader, as it were, to choose Jfor himself, which seeras a verv easv mode of overcoming a difficulty. Champlain speaks of having anchored at one time near the Southern Head of the island, and it appears he left the hest proof possible that he did so; for, in the year 1842, Mr. Walter B. McLaughlin, whose residence is at Southern Head, found the remains of a large anchor that must have lain be- neath the .salt water wave, snbject to the corroding hanjd of rusty time, for over 200 years ! Our inform- ant states as his opinion, circumstances tending to confirm it, that the bold navigator, Champlain, must have run his vessel aground in one of those "fog-mulls," which almoF.t invariably make an annual visit, envelop- ing for the time being the entire island, its islets, and the surrounding waters, in a pall of density so thick as to render it impenetrable to vision. Even ''Peeping Tom," were he here in a fog- mull, would have to ac- knowledge his poor eye-sight. Mr. McLaughlin states that the shank of this anchor was eleven feet long; and, at one part of it — the shank — it was seven inches in diameter; and although it must have originally weighed some 14 cwt., it was reduced by the long lapse of time, subject to rust and the action of the sea, to le*fes than 800 lbs — an indubitable evidence that, over two centuries had passed away, with all the strange and mighty changes which the old a!id the new world, the eastern and the western hemisphere, have experienced, since Champlain lost his anchor at Southern Head, Grand Manan! Traditionary legends tell us many strange stories relating to Grand Manan, as having occurred long before the advent of Champlain on its coasts — as to pirates making it their favourite rendezvous, secret- ing money (hence, we have a cove on the western side, called Money Cove) ; and at the mouth of the deep-dug hole, making an unhappy victim swear to keep that money safe from all comers f )r all time; and then, to* make the spirit-sentinel keep good faith to the pledge givien while in the body, shooting the swearer, and bury- ing the body with the pirated silver and the gold. But those yarns, spun out by lovers of imaginative marvels to excite the wonder of the credulous, belong not to 3 14 Bay of Fundy Islands and Islets, t -y. M m authentic history, and so they are as they ought to he discarded from its pages. It is well authenticated that, the Passamaquoddy Indians were the undisputed possessors of the island until ahout the yuar 1776; for ahout this period a white family hy the name of Bonny arrived at the island from the mainland of New Brunswick, and pitched their tent near Grand Harhour, at a place called Bonny's Brook, which name it retains to the present time, and probably will in the long future. Bonny, with his family, remained unmolested for about three years, when they were finally ordered to leave by the Passamaquoddy Indians, under the direc- tion of a Colonel John Allan who, in 1777, conducted operations in eastern Maine. This tribe of Indiana was allied to the American cause during the Revolution. In speaking of this tribe of savages, as they were then, the term Passamaquoddy comes from Peskamaquontik, and that from Peskadaminkkanti — viz., "it goes up into the open field" — and not from the word Quoddy, which signifies pollock, as generally understood. ;,:.,.>_. , An American writer, from whose work we make several extracts, states that from the best authority ob- tainable "one of the earliest' settlers on the island was Moses Gerrish of Massachusetts, who adhered to the King rft the breaking out of the Revolution, and was attached to the commissary department of the royal army. Also, one Thomas Ross and John Jones ; Jones return- ing to the United States, Gerrish and Ross remaining," Of Colonel John Allan's descendants, it may not be inopportune to state that our kind informa^.l,, Mr. W. B. McLaughlin, whose name we will have occasion to use quite freely, says he is intimately acquainted with a grand-daughter of the Colonel, now residing at Lubec, Me., and, whose silver hairs count the age of 82 years. From this venerable lady, much of the history of Grand Mauan has been gleaned. Of a great-grandson of the said Colonel Allan, it may be here recorded that he now lives on the island, and in a state of abject poverty. It cannot he that the sin of the great-grandfather, the Colonel, in commissioning the Indians to drive off poor Bonny from Bonny's Brook, could have been visited on the innocent great-grandson — and yet, the sins of ancestors are visited upon the children even to the \ make ty ob- d was the id was army, eturn- Qing," aot be r.W. Bion to with a ubec, years. Grand of the e now y. It jr, the ff poor ited on ins of to the In Charlotte County, Neiv Brunswick. 15 tliircl and fourth generation. So reads ^)'j Scripture — a lesson worthy of the most serious attenti i. On the expatriation of Bonny and hi.^ family they settled in Maine, then part of Massachusetts, and their New Brunswick relatives and friends, not learning of their location, f]jave them np as lost — massacred by the Indians; but at the close of the revolutionary war, they felt the love of their old home in New Brunswick too stronj^ly preponderatiiig in the heart to remain as exiles, and therefore, obedient to the yearning dictates of love of home, of kith and kin, appeared again on New Brunswick soil. The first white male child born on Grand Mauan was Alexander Bonny, born at Benny's Brook, who grew, his first year or two, like a young sea gull among the rocks, washed bv the drifting salt water spray. He became a Baptist Minister, and visited his native Isle for the last time in 1862 ; and subsequently died at the greatly advanced age of 90 years. Of Moses Gerrish, according to Sabine's testimony of him, he was a man possessed of considerable ability — one who "would spread more good sense on a sheet of paper than any person of his acquaintance." Mr. Gerrish received a Magistrate's appointment, and held that office until his death. He died in the year 1880, in the 80th year of his age. Speedily following the first white settlers — fresh acquisitions added to the number — Willram Cheney and family from Newburyport, Mass., and others. Gerrish and Ross left no posterity; but Cheney's descendants are numerous. His daughter Barbara takes precedence as the first white female child, born on the island in the year 1787; and Moses, his Youngest son, proudly asserted the prerogative of being the first male white child born here ; but the Rev. Alexander Bonny disputed the Cheney claim to native heirship; and, as previously mentioned dates show, proved successfully that the modern Jacob had inno- cently attempted to steal away the modern Esau's birthright Moses died i the year 1873, aged 83 years 3 months, his remains receiving interment in his native soil which he loved so well. Now followed on in rapid succession, as settlers, the Daggetts, Smalls, Guptills (then spelled Gubtail), Wormells, IngersoUs, Bancrofts, Woosters, Ingalls, Newton, and others. AU ', 1 16 Bay of Fun fly Idands and Idets, of these were from the old colonies of the States ; hnt, clierifihing a patriot love for the old Enn^Hsh flaj?, sought their homes on British land, nltljough that land was a sea- girt isle, and that period presenting hnt few attractions to any less than the hardy and adventurous pioneer. Daggett erected a grist-mill at the head of tidal water at (jrand Harbour, near the present residence of Mr. John Daggett; and Wooster, with equal industry and per- weverance, built a tannery, and began the manufacture of boots and shoes ; but lish were numerous and too ' easily taken to encourage raising grain for the grist-mill; and 80, too, the tanning of hides had to give place to the capture of lish. Those were the days when herrings cod and pollock would rush into Grand Harbour in , such immense schools that the ebbing tide would leave them in countless nundbers on the shore, "knee deep," in the phraseology of those times. In justice to others, first settlers, the names of John Kent, Dr. Faxon, Franklin, Smith, Bryant, Blake, Blanchard, Bingham, Benson, Southwick, Baser, Rich, Moon, Flagg, Russell, Morse, Sprague, Chapman, Richardson, Kemble, Fisher, Fry, Barker, Kimball, Shepherd, Woodberry, Drake, Cameron and Standwick may be added — others adding steadily, such as Josiah Winchester, from Nova Scotia, also, Daniel McLaughlin from Nova Scotia, of whom further mention is made on another page. The present inhabitants of the island, on reading over the names as above recorded, will find that but very few of the original settlers have left descendants — many of the persons, whose names are here before us, have passed away from the cares and trials, the joys and sorrows of this life forever — the present residents of the island, many of them, knowing little, and caring less, about those who redeemed this beautiful island from its occupancy by the Passamaquoddy Indian, and opened up a brigiit, and fair, and prosperous inheritance for them, and their successors, through untold generations. But so it is. Nevertheless: — ••The waves of time ma^ devastate our lives, The frosts of age may check oui* failing breath; » They shall not touch the spirit that survives Triumphant over doubt, and pain, and death." In addition to the names of the earliest settlers on the island, we find, Waller, Gaskill, Thomas, Dixon, Burke, mm In Charlotte Coiintjj, New Brunsnick. 17 tions. Craic^, Drufjnn, Redmond, Ryan, Kendrick, McLennan, McCnrty, Boyle and others. Cocliran Craig and Thomas Redmond taught school for several years, and earned for themnelves, among the inhahitants, an esteem aud a reputation that will blossom and bloom in the memory of surviving friends with perennfal freshness, for years and years. Another name, Snell, merits mention — he too, taught a school on the island ; and his kind- liness of disposition, and other winning qualities, have endeared him in mnnory to thv^se who, when in their teens, received instrwcmon from the good old man, who now, "after life's fitful fever, sleepeth well." The settlement of Seal Cove dates about the year 1785. It is to be regretted that no better acount can be given of one of the origmal settlers, if not the first one, which it seems he was, than that he was a fugitive from justice. His name was Wheeler, and he may be justly considered as the father "skedadler" of all the ''skedadlers" that followed after, from time to time, even to this day. Connected as he was with a gang of coun- terfeiters — Ball, Gates, and Woodburj' — who had their head-quarters at Devil's Head, on the bank of the St. Croix River, not far from the little village on the opposite side of the river, known as the Ledge, and there coined counterfeit silver quite extensively. Suspi- cion, well-grounded, soon sent officers of justice to arrest the gang, aud Ball shot the officer who attempted to arrest him. The murderer was subsequently arrested, tried, convicted and executed in the State of Maine. Woodbury, being also arrested, and convicted of counterfeiting, had his ears "cropped,", which must have seriously affected him auricularly. Gates eventu- ally found his way to Nova Scotia, Hving to old age ; but, as if the curse of false coin haunted him even to grey-haired years, he committed suicide at Granville, N. S., by hanging himself in an orchard to an apple tree ! The present light house keeper of Gannet Rock Light, Mr. W. B. McLaughlin, when a boy, had often seen Gates, and heard him relate much of Grand Manan history. Wheeler was lucky enough, for the time, to get to Grand Manan, and, as has been stated, settled at Seal Cove. How fared it with him? Let us see. All around ill !-sl t .1 m 18 Bay of Fundy Islands and Islets, the cove at that time, a thick wiMernosa of woods pre- Kcnted a well-choKen retreat for Wheeler ; but, only for a brief period, for he literally starved to death ! His remains now lie, secure from all arrest, ou a bill on Lot No. 4G. At l^is death, liis emaciated, starving wife, with a woman's true devotion under the most trying circumstauces, travelled over sharp and rugged rocks from Seal Cove to Harbi>iir Island, to o])tain assistance to bury her husband. A hop vine, planted by his guilty hand, still marks the spot where his log cabin sheltered him and wife. Thus ended the mortal career of those counterfeiters, who having commenced their nefarious business at Devil's Head, ended their guilty lives under the devil's influence. Surely, the "way of the transgressor is hard." ^^ • : -v It may not he uninteresting "to state that the dies used by those wretched coiinterfeiteis, were committed to a watery grave by casting them out of their boat near the centre of Seal Cove Sound, between the red cliffs near W. B. McLaughlin's residence, and Hardwood Hill on Great Wood Island. The crucibles were discovered and recovered a few years ago, nigh the spot where ' Wheeler's log hut stood — most probably hid by him for future use. After the death of Wheeler, two brothers, John and Joseph Blanchard, came to the island from the States, and made' their permanent settlement at Seal Cove. Next followed Henry Kemball and James Parker ; and in the year 1800, Doctor John Faxon came, settling at Seal Cove Creek, ou Lot No. 46. The Doctor brought his family with him; and, under the influence of his enterprising spirit. Seal Cove seemed to start, as if by magic, into new life. With a mind capable of comprehending the resources lying dormant all around his new and chosen location, he was keenly alive to the advantages already ripe for develop- ment, and at once commenced action, by having a passage opened through the ** sea wall " into the cove. This accomplished, a splendid little high water harbour was at once ready for small vessels and boats ; and the fishermen and coasters, who make the Seal Cove Creek Harbour their safe and convenient haven, should ever remember with gratitude the name of the good and energetic physician, Doctor John Faxon. Connected m the med ind nant was lop- a cove, bour d the reek In Charlotte County, New Brunswick. 19 with the arrival of Dr. Faxon at Seal Oove, is a circum- ptance which cannot well lie omitted. The Doctor brought with him a Scotchman by the name of John Tar. As he was a sailor by profession, nothing could be more appropriate tlian to call him "Jack Tar," for so in name and verity he was. Now this Jack Tar had sailed under the flag and command of Captain Paui Jones, and as Paul Jones had been historied as a pirate captain, so our Seal Cove emigrant, Jack Tar, must have brei), ns one of the crew, a pirate too. It was the boast of Jark Tar at Seal Cove, especially, when **on a spree" — under the influence of liquor — that he fought under Paul Jones on board the Bon Homme Richard, in the bloody engagement with the British frigate Serapis, Captain Pierce. Jack Tar, was exceedingly vain of this battle, and, when on his bacchanalian riots, would vaunt on the 'carnage of that saug'uinary conflict, with all of a sailor's enthusiastic volubility, and in addition, sing sea songs and songs composed by enemies of King George the Third. Dr. Faxon having brought Tar over to the island as his " man Friday," endured much of his bad conduct patiently for a length of time ; but that forbear- ance at last was exhausted, and, accordingly, when Tar in one of his sprees played up the old tune of Paul Jones and King George, and the Bon Homme and the Serapis, and the scuppers running blood, imd the wild hurra of the pirate song, the Doctor, at the hour of midnight, and while a storm was raging without, put the old sailor out of doors to seek shelter Where ho would or could. Tar attempted to get to James Parker's, about a mile distant from Faxon's; but, in the storm and darkness, and in liquor as well, he fell over a cliflF, and was found on the rocks benaath, the ' next morning, with his brains scattered over the stones ! His remains lie buried near the sea on Lot No, 1, the same lot on which Cyrus Benson now resides. The cove, where Tar was killed is called Tar's Cove to this day. A rough stone, unchiselled and unlettered, taken from the beach, marks the spot were John Tar, the Scotch pirate, is shut in and shut out from battles and from grog. Turning from such an unpleasant episode in our il; 20 Bay of Fniidy IdnndH and IsUts, m liistory, arifl refeiTinj? a^jfain to the active Doctor Faxon, wo find liini tnrnin;>- his attention to shiphnilcling ; and EH ship timher of excellent quality was then abundant and eaHv of access, the Doctor had the keel of a sliip laid, and between the years 1809-11, launched the first and only full-ripfj?ed ship ever built on Grand Manan. The doctor must have been co«^itatin{^ on a name for his first-born ship, and so bhuidered and wondered hiniaclf into the story of ^ooi\ old Za(3harias, who wrote of his first-born son, "His name is John ;" and bo Faxon, very unseemly, called her — the ship — John. The John was about 500 tons burthen, and it is to bo hoped that our Orand Manan ship may yet return to her native island, laden with spices from "Ceylon's spicy Isle," or — ^"costly ' )va Scotia, where he died at the uncommonly great age of 110! What a life history his must have been ! What a volume of 1 10 years' hi, like crows, in th* trees. It is strange, almost unac- countably strange ; and the only cause assigned for it is that their nests among the rocks were continually i-obbed by those who would rather steal eggs than bu^ them ; and the poor gulls, after long and serious consultation, concluded to do as never webfooted-bird ever did before ; and so build their nestS; and lay their eggs, and hatch their gull-chicks, high up on a tree among the limbs ! The truth of the sea- gull thus building its nest on a tree. ■ I BH 26 Bay of Fundi/ Idanda and IsleU, Iff If I is asserted as a fact by the residents of the islandb. What u creature must a human creature be, when even a wild sea-fowl has to resort to means at variance with its natural instincts, to escape the rapacity, the ruthless- ness, the cruelty, the raiding; propensity, the inhumanity of man to gull ! Yea, eren ''Man's inhumanity to man, makes countless thousands mourn." A small f^roup of fire small islets, or islands, lie to the southward and eastward of the Wood Isles, at a mile or two distant. They are generally termed Tliree Islands. The largest of the group is known as Kent's Island — having been first settled by Captain John Kent, whose son, Jonathan Kent, was, at one time, keeper of tht; Gannet Rock light, of whom more will be said on another page. The names of tho!«e five small islands are Kent's Island, Sheep Island, Hay Island, and the two smallest in area called Green Islands. There are some spots of good tillage on the first named, and ex- callent pasture for sheep. There are two rocky islets, called Green Island and the White Horse, lying wdirectly south of Outer Wood Island — one standing, as it were. at each end of it, like ocean sentinels, to guard ike passage into Seal Cove. Gannet Rock seems deserving of a more extended notice. This noted rock bears from it to the south-west head of Grand Manan a north-north-west course : distance C| miles. It rears its head defiantly above the stormy waves of the bay ; and, as far as stony head and heart can take delight, appears to preside over the fearfully dangerous shoals and ledges within its watery domain with the pride and the destructive pleasure of a Nero ! The Indians called it Menaskook. It is a concrete of flint, pebble-stone and sand, conglomerated into a solid mass, forming an acre, more or less, in area. It has been the scene of many a dread disaster. It has its death-record as well as the Goodwin Sands or Sable Island. The moaning winds and the moaotone of the surging sea, even when the raging storm is sleeping and &t vest, seem to sing in plaintive wail a requiem for the lost ones, who, far from the old homestead in their native land, met death in its direful form at Gannet Rock, whelmed in the angry sea. But let them sleep on on their ocean bed. In Charlotte Comity, Mew Bninswich. 2T eep The sea will have to yield up from its gi'eat grave of many fathoms deep the forms of those, once so dearly loved on earth, to meet again and re-unite where nodis- tructive elements can ever separate them more. It is a happy thought, this resurrected meeting and greeting of century-separated dear ones ! One of the first shipwrecks, authentically relatod, as having occurred at Gonnet Rock, was a hrig bound from Boston to the River St. John, N. B., in the year 1759. There were, independent of officers and crew, nearly one hundred persons, intending settlers in New Brunswick. A number were drowned, whose bodies were never re- covered. The survivors, passengers and crew, after temporarily repairing the only boat saved, landed at Deep Cove, where they remained until the next spring, when they were taken to L'Etang in a Small sloop. '^i In 1831, the brig Rosemont, bound for St. John, N. B., with a general cargo, met her doom at Gannet Rock ; and in November 1845, the barque Mary, of and from London, was also wrecked here, and the second raate drowned. ' Itwas in tlie year 1831 that the commerce of St. John City having largely increased, and, as a conseq'tence, the shipping of the port increased in equal ratio, that the eiiterprising merchants deemed it necessary, for the protection of the commercial interests, to crown the head of Gannet Rock with a shining light at night. The necessity of the case calling for action, the citizens of St. John City, with a business activity (for which they are noted up to date, and will probably as long as Fort Howe looks down upon them, or Hazen's Crows Nest smiles in approval), began the work of erection as a Government work. It seemed to the Gannets an undue interference with time's vetted rights to them ; for thousands of sea-fowl had been the undisturbed posses- sorg of Menaskook for centuries. Poor Gannets ! Dispossessed and summarily of your fair inheritance, iit once and forever. The name Jphn Purns is identified with Gannet Rock lighthouse as the builder ; while Joseph Hogg merits mention as the one who put up the lantern, or light- room ; and, to make the trio complete, a Captain Lamb paid due respect to Ghiistmas-eve, A. d. 1831, by 28 Bay of Fundi/ Islands and Islets, w: \ lighting his lamps, a« the first lighthouse keeper, ou that once celebrated home of the Gannets. It was n welcome sight to the sailor naviii:atiiifj the Bay of Fundy. The wild scream of the sea-gull had departed, and the human voice took its place, and tlie art of man triumphed. May its luminous gleamings never grow less. " For four years our favourite Lamb was monarch of Gannet Rock. Ever tender and gentle hh a lumh, he became pensive on his isolated location — weary of the barren rock and its stormy surroundings ; so much so that, in 1835, he got transferred to a smaller rock oft" jQnaco Head ; but as it is near the mainland, the City St. John, and enjoying facilities for participating in society's social enjoyments, no wonder he felt pleased to leave the Gannet, where neither spring nor summer, the gentle rain nor the warm sunshine can vegetate a blade of grass or any green thing! A Mr. Miller succeeded Captain Lamb with an assistant. Both Miller, the principal, and his assistant were di-owned in the summer of 1887, when Jonathan Kent, son of old Captain John Kent, already mentioned, received the appointment, remaining in charge until O tober, a. d. 1843, at which period lie resigned for an inshore station. Henry McLaughlin, the present keeper of Campobello light at Head Harbour, succeeded Mr. Kent. The successor of Mr. Kent kept the situation until the year 1853, when he, too, resigned for an inshore station. Walter B- McLaughlin, brother of the then keeper, entered upon the duty on the rock; and having been ^,jan assistant previously, from 1845 to 1853, was well instructed in the performance of the responsible care 8iid duty of keeper on such an exposed situation, one ever surrounded with danger. In 1845, a stone wall of immense thickness waw erected around the tower, in order to protect the erection from the fury of the great storms so prevalent in the Bay of Fundy. Of the respective keepers of the Gannet Rock light, none, as the above record shows, kept it half the length of years that the present keeper has. True, he has had assist- ants from time to time ; so had they ; but as principal, he must ever keep watch and ward over this isolated rock's light. Mr. Walter B.. McLaughlin's efficiency In Charlotte County, New Bruns^wick. 29 :iie Uof in reat the aR »arB ist- )al, icv aiid zeal as lighthouse keeper and fisher}' officer are too well known unci too well appreciated hy the Government de[)artnient8 to require any additional credit ; but yet, in penning a history of Gannet Rock light, his name merits honorable mention, and we would not withhold it. Grand Manan up to the year 1854 remained singu- larly exempt from toads, frogs, serpents, or snakes — not even the sharp bark of the fox was ever heard in its deep valleys or on its bill-tops. The island was as highly favoured as was Ireland, when the good and the great Saint Patrick banished, in his righteous indig- nation and by virtue of the power in him vested: '•Tottd, serpent and snake From bramble and brake." Our Gannet RocIj lighthouse keeper took a different view of such things altogether ; for to him belongs the praise or the blame of introducing that ugly creature, the toad, to the island. And, whether wittingly or un- wittingly, it seems a remarkable coincidence that the introduction of the toad by Mr. McLaughlin uas on ihe 12th of July — the day celebrated by Orangemen, in remembrance of the Battle of the Boyne ! Not content with peopling the hitherto toadless island with toads he followed it up, by bringing over from the mainland fcxes and' frogs in August 1874. It does seem strange that the importer of toads should have permitted over a score of years to roll on, before he turned his attention, with paternal affection, to the frog and the fox ! For want of better data, it can only be inferred that he wished to provide the islanders with cheap music by night to sing them to sleep, after the manner of oriental princes, and to raise young Reynards for the trapper's trap and sportsman's gun. Although his stock of toads only numbered four all told, yet so prodigiously did they increase, that in less than twelve years they were found on all parts of the island ; and, when the rate of travel of his toadship is taken into consideration, it must have required a long time to hop the toad-hop from the vicinity of Deep Cove at Southern Head to Eel Brook at North Head, over twenty miles, attending to toad-pro- creation in the meantime. John Wilson, Esq., of Chamcook, Parish of St. fi! 30 Bay of Fundif Islands and Islets, m"' m' .ft 'hi: Andrews, brought over deer to the island fthout the year 1845, and they niultiph'ed rapidly. Indians, and whites as well, killed them at all seasons of the year, until by Legislative enactment this wholesale slaughter has been prohibited. And yet the stealthy Indian, as hungry as a panther for venison, will occasionally shoot down a deer, and paddle away the meat to Pleasant Point, near Eastport, Me. The American hare (rabbit) was introduced here from Nova Scotia by William Green — the same person, who 80 fortunately, became proprietor of Inner Wood Island, near Seal Cove, by being put on it as occupant-in -charge by good old William Eoss, as already related. About a quarter of a century has passed away since the rabbit obtained firm foothold on Grand Manan soil ; and, like the toad, they are now numerous on all parts of the island. Having detained the reader the while at the southern end of the island and its adjacent isles, it is necessary to move along and tarry a brief hour or two at Grand Harbour, M'ith its contiguous White Head and smr>.Jler isles adjacent to it. Grand Harbour only requires more depth, sufficient depth of water, at all times of tide, to make it deserving of the name "Grand" in its widest use. The view sea- ^yard is delightful, and the harbour is long and broad enough to receive quite a fleet, did not the tide at low wat^er leave such a breadth of beacli. It is an irremedi- able obstacle to vessels of large tonnage as a desired port for ingress and egress at all times of tide, and yet a considerable trade is carried on at Grand Harbour. Isaac Newton, Esq., prosecutes a large share of the mercantile business of the island, has a convenient wharf extending from his store, and large-sized schooners load and discharge cargo without difficulty. The handsome and large residence, built by Mr. Newton a few years ago, and costing some three thousand dollars, will bear a favourable comparison with many a wealthy merchant's laansion, of suburban elegance, of architectural style and finish. There are several fine houses at Grand Harbour. Turner Wooster, Esq., of Her Majesty's Customs, owns and occupies a very fine cluster of buildings. Allen Guptill, John D. Guptill, and others, including : -tfi In Charlotte County, Neit Brunswick. 81 Mr. John Dapgett, have convenient and tasty dwellings; and the evidences are all around there, that plenty fur iwtan and heast is the order of the day. There is a new schoolhouse here, which, having been recently erected, is a most creditable acquisition to Grand Harbour. The Free Will Baptists have a neat place of worship, and the congregation numbers, perhaps, the major part of the residents of the harliour and vicinity. The Episcopal Church is a stone edifice, and the Rev. W. S. Covert is the present missionary ; whose urbanity and kindness towards the people, generally, have won him many friends outside the people of his charge He takes a lively interest in the cause of temperance, and lectures or debates on the platform with an earnestness only surpassed by his pulpit ministrations. The first Episcopal Church at Grand Harbour was a wooden structure ; and of the circumstances attending its destruction, we would fain draw a veil over them ; but, as narrating events connected with the island's history, the withholding of the particulars would be suf- ficient to subject the writer to holding a pusillanimous pen — a charge not intended to be deserved. Regretfully, then (from a sermon preached by the then Rector, Rev. John Dunn, on the 18th October 1839 at Grand Harbour, on the 15th at North Head, and on the 16tli at Seal Cove — a copy of which sermon, in print, is now before the writer^, the following particulars are here presented. It may be neither uninteresting nor un- necessary to quote from a * 'statement of the proceedings arising from the burning of the church," as follows : < "Whereas, on the night of Wednesday, the 9th of October 1839, at about 12 o'clock, the whole interior of St. Paul's Church in this parish was discovered to be in flames, which in about one hour consumed the building ; and, whereas, certain circumstances (particularly the suspending in front of the church, from a triangle, a figure, in which was found a paper, conbiining language which betokens premeditated malevolence and hostility against the Bishop of the Diocese, against the Rector of this parish in particular, and four other persons of this county) prove it to be the work of an incendiary; its destruction also attempted by fire ?t I i >.» 82 Bay of Fiuidy Islands and Islets^ m 1; :i m\ f i! i !i •lii Easter in the previous year, 1838, prove that the burn- ing of the church with the atrociously agf^ravated circumstances attending: it, demand the ex])refisiou of an unqualified abhorrence of the deed and its perpe- trators." The above, as quoted from the statement, is sufScient, without copying it entire. The statement thus ends its closing paragraphs : *'A list was attached to the fore- going, containing the names of the wardens and vestry, fourteen in number, with 124 others. "With the church were consumed the gown, surplice, books and pall. Within the week the oi^rings of female friends, amounting to nearly thirteen pounds, were presented to the minister for the purpose of replacing his gown and surplice. And ere the ashes of the ruined church were .scarcely cold, a subscription paper was opened for the erection of a new chureb, which within three days embraced 125 names, amounting to over two hundred and sixty pounds. **And the last and not least interesting circum- stance, showing the zeal and warm feeling which this most deplorable event has produced among all classes of persons in this parish, was the presenting a subscrip- tion list from forty Sabbath-school children, with their collection, amounting to about twenty shillings. "(Signed) John Dunn, Bector. "Philip Newton, \ "Thos. Redmond, J Wardens.** The afflicted pastor evinces so much of the spirit of » Saint Paul under trial and affliction, that it would not be doing justice, under the circumstances, to leave this painful subject without presenting several extracts, as elucidating the spirit of the pastor on the occasion — selecting for his text part of the 9th verse of the 6th chapter of Micah, which reads thus : "Hear ye the rod and who hath appointed it." In the opening paragraph of his discourse, the grieved pastor said : "I stand before you, under circumstances so highly aggravated in their nature, that I believe the record of the Christian Church furnishes but few, and in this country no parallel. "This is a picture of extreme hardness of heart, per- In Charlotte County, Neiv BrnnKicirl. 83 1- i<\ oi' etition successfully with Mr. Fraser. There it also a cooper shop at this cove, under the skillful care of an industrious man by the name of George Anderson. In 1867, quite an exciting scene was ^dtnessed at^ Woodwarc's Cove. A whale that it seems had become" exceedingly anxious to breakfast on some nice fat herring had quite unwittingly enterod within the pre- * cincts of a brush weir, built for the very purpose of catching herring and all such comers. His whaleship, once in the weir, and having regaled himself to his Veart's content, and touching bottom occasionally, began :• feel apprehensive that all was not right, and so turned tail to the village and headed for the deeper water s of the bay. The stakes and the brush felt the unusual pressure, but refused to give way. He had entered as a great intruder, a bold robber, a rapacious monster of the deep, and, if possible, must be held in durance vile and be made pay the penalty of his temerity. The news spread over the island with aston- ishing rapidity that a whale was caueht in a weir at Woodward's Cove and there was more excitement, more "hurrying to and fro," than there was in "Belgium's capital by night," where fair women and brave men had whirled in the voluptuous dance, till startled by the war trumpet's blast calling — **to arms, to arms!" Our islanders went for the whale on the run from many points of the compass. The late Lorenzo Drake made for the scene of action with the coolness and yet the speed of a regular whalesman. Armed with a harpoon — that weapon which art has made the most suitable wherewith to pierce the blubber-flesh of this monster of the deep, the whale — a large number of people having collected, the battle began in te>'rible earnestness. The harpoon struck the whale, ho lashed mightily his tail, the' weir gave way, oars were in play, he made for sea, boats gallantly headed him to the shore, where bleeding, he breathed no more. This great fish was towed up to high water mark at the cove, cut up, and the oil, when divided among the stockholders, proved to be quite a Iti CharJotfn Covvtjf, New Brunswick. 41 of gaa L 80 3per the had ions d iu his iton- Iweir ent, in and till , to cm ade the oon Me ter ing he ail, ea, to en a liandsome dividend. This brief fish story is nnlike many fifh stories — it is true. The temple, of which mention has been made, de- serves more than a passing notice. It was erected by the efforts of a Mr. Cook, Baptist Minister, aifled by the exertions of the zealous island ladies who are ever foremost in all prood works. Subsequenth', it became the property of Mr. Joseph Lakeman, of Woodward's Cove ; and about that time Elder George Garraty, the present pastor of the "Christians or Disciples of Christ" Church, Duke Street, St. John, N. B,, came to the island and soon made several converts to his faith, among whom wa« Mr. Lakeman — perhaps the most zealous of them all. The temple was dedicated by Elder Garraty, and was afterwards known as Garraty's Temple, and by others, and with more propriety, as the Chris- tians' Temple. Then another change came o*er, not the "spirit, of the dream," but the spirit of some of the people. Elder Garraty left the island, and a new sect arrived — preachers of the Joe Smith creed, professing to possess the gift of tongues, power of healing and other gifts, such as the prophets and apostles of old possessed. Mr. Lakeman now became a convert to this religion, and having much natural talent, fair education, fluency of speech, a mind enriched by read.jg, study, and a retentive memory, and deeply imbued with pious feeling withal, he was a "chosen vessel" among the prophet's disciples, and was soon ordained to eldership among those Latter Day Saints. The temple now be- came known as the Mormon Temple ; but until Elder Lakeman embraces polygamy as part of his faith, the name Mormon is illegitimate ; and, therefore, in keep- ing with its present sectprian position, it may be regarded as the Temple of the Saints. Independent of the various changes of Elder Joseph Lakeman's religious opinions, one opinion is entertained of him by all his acquaintances — in kindness, uniformity of moral excellence, an untarnished integrity, and good fellowship and Christian love and charity towards all mankind, Mr. Lakeman has remained unchanged. It would be well for l^righam Young and all the Salt Lake Mormons, if they could exhibit as unimpeachable a record. The temple is a large building, having no outwai'd i s w 42 Bay of Fundy Islands and Islets. decorations — a ploiu specimen of the plainest style of architecture — unadorned by any paint or paintings within or without — and yet its site can hardly be excelled on the island. On high ground, about one fourth of a mile eastward from the cove village, it overlooks many of the smaller islands and a large portion of the Bay of Fundy ; and as a central stand-point, the eye sweeps around the entire island and the horizon. The belfry is in keeping with th« building, and although no bell ever sent forth a sound from it to call the church-goers to- gether for worship, yet this humble, unassuming cupola became the chosen location of a burglar, named Archibald Downey, in the latter part of the month of April 1876, where he deposited bread, milk, ham, pork, butter, dried apples, molasses, together with sundry utensils and articles for bechelor hcusekeeping in the belfry. Downey had chosen a lovely, airy and healthy little home for himself : the outlook, too, was delightful ; but he happened to look out at one time, at the wrong time, as will hereafter appear. Having on Saturday night, the 24th of April, made a raid on Mr. James Smith, by entering his house, and cleaning out the pantry of all its eatable contents, this accomplished burglar retired to the beKry with his heavy burden of provisions smack- ing his lips, doubtless, in anticipation of the rich feast he would spread for himself on the coming Sabbath — perhaps flattering himself with the idea of dining on savory meets high up in his belfry home, while Elder Lakeman would feed his flock v/ith spiritual food below. There is not much stretch, if any, of the imagination in this, for Downey the burglar was well read and fond of reading. Besides, on his examination trial at North Head, he stated that on Sunday morning and previously he had "got a book up in the belfry, which he read, and knew it was a Mormon book." As a specinaen of his ready wit, the following may be given. On the magistrate asking him how he could see in the darkness of night to collect such a variety of articles in Smith's pantry, he replied — "By the aid of the elementary light, called moon." The Sabbath morning following the robbery, and while several men were searching for the robber, Downey hearing voices below looked out of his sacred storehouse ; and on some one looking up as he looked In Charlotte Conuty, New Brunstvick. 48 on llder slow. )D in id of Torth )usly and kbis itrate light itry, lalled )ery, )ber, Icred )ked down he became, the observed oi'the observers. An ascent was s( Ti made to the belfry, and there wis the tenant, 8ur>i3iii:Cled with mftny of the good things of this life, w'hich he had obtained without money, but not without price — the price of incarceration — as having been arrest- ed, tried and convicted, he was sent to the penitentiary for two years and six months. Thus endeth the reading of the temple. There is a brisk trade at almost all seasons of the year here ; indeed, its central location, as well as Grand Harbour, is admirably situated to command a large share of custom. White Head Island, having quite a large and an increasing population, contributes largely to the trade of Woodward's Cove. It is sometimes called Fisher's Cove, as "Old Squire Fisher," as he was familiarly termed, long resided and died there. His son, John Fisher, was born on Grand Manan and is well known and highly respected in Eastport, Me., as proprietor of an express agent of&ce and other business affairs. He cherishes a warm feeling for his native island and is ever ready and pleased to attend to any requests from any of the people of the island who require his counsel, direction or services. A grandson of Old Squire Fisher, a few years ago, left Eastport, Me., and established a henery on High Duck Island, which had been the property of his grand- father. Young Alexander, perhaps, in his henery enterprise has accomplished more real good than his namesake of olden time, who rode the conqueror of battle fields, trampling the gory victims of his mad ambition beneath the iron-shod hoofs of his proud charger, Butephalus. Our Alexander, in keeping with the name of his island, has added ducks to his poultry yards, and the crowing of roosters, the cackling of hens, the quacking of ducks and ganders and geese mnke quite a lively scene and a noisy one withal on High Duck Island. The multitudinous throats of Alexander's feathered bipeds have completely drowned the screams of the gulls around High and Low Duck Islands, which bloodless victory is worthy of all praise; the ducks holding high carnival on High Duck Island. If i -J:. 1 fil! |!! in ■ ill II ■ 44 Bay of Fundy Ishinds and Islets, WHITE HEAD. Of White Head much could be written. It ia peculiarly situated, gjeographically, with the main island of Grand Manan. For ahout two hours before low water, and at the first two hours flood nearly, access can he had to White Head without hoat — the ledji^es and sand- bars permitting travel on foot, although there are narrow places where the water runs sh(ml and somewhat swiftly, but presenting no great obstacle to a safe {ind speedy tramp from Grand Manan to White Head. At all other times of tide, boats must be used ; and then White Head is an island, being completely surrounded by water ; but before low water and at tlie first of the flood, as already stated, the ledges and sand-bars form a little isthmus ; when tae White Head island that was, is, for the time being, a peninsula. Such is the anomalous geographical peculiarity of White Head of Grand Manan. The t-esidents of White Head are under many disad- Tantages, which the inhabitants of the main island enjoy ; and of them all, the want of proper mail accom- modation is not the least. The people there feel strongly the need of a regular postal delivery of newspapers and letters; and although Isaac Ne-wton, Esq., of Grand Harbour and parties at Woodward's Cove are aLrays only too happy in eiforts to forward papers, letters, parcels, &c., to them, yet the forwarding is precarious and UP certain ; and even when conveyed by one of them- selves, they may be taken to a houLe far from their destination, on White Head, remaining for days until chance takes them on. It has been mooted from time to time', to stir up action on the part of the postal powers that be, towards having direct and regular postal communication with White Head, in common with other parts of the island ; and as hope, if not too long delayed, is as an anchor to the soul, so the people hope on, in cherished anticipation that the White Head of Grand Manan will bo duly reverenced, and not only reverenced but accommodated with a post-office. Then ■will the silver-sprinkled head of the Post-Office Inspector be honored by all the White Headers, and mutual happiness exist. In Charlotte County , New Brunswick. 45 and rand ily sels, and lem- llieir mtil time )8ta] lular ion too )ple Lead )n then jtor bual The principal fishing at White Head is the herring fishing in weirs. Those weir-herring are principally all smoked, and, consequently, the preparation of so many thousand of boxes of smoked herring, from the time they are taken out of the weirs, all shining and silvery-scaled, until they are ready for the gridiron, keeps many hands busily and profitably employed. There is a Free Will Baptist meeting house here and also a schoolhouse. The people, generally, are moral, honest and industrious. Circumstances occasionally of an unpleasant nature occur, but, in praise of White Head, it may be said that they originate chiefly with fishermen and others who visit the place only for a time, and not the permanent residents. This st&te of things may be regarded as an index to other parts of Grand Manan — indeed, to the island and its islands generally. The introduction of many new- comers have introduced as well, many unpleasant episodes in the history of Grand Manan at the present day ; but as an increasing population ever adds its bad with its good, and too frequently in corresponding ratio, to keep the field wholly free from the thistle, brier, and hurtful weed cannot be. It is too much to be expected. ' White Head obtained its name, doubtless, from its white appearance, which beari some slight resemblance to the white, chalky cliffs of Albion. Viewed at a dis- tance from a deck at sea, it presents a dreary and UDinviting aspect, and to a mariner a dread, with a wish that no fortuitous event may ever cast him on its grim- lookingf rooks. A, nearer approach, however, soon dispels those unfavorable impressions, and the verdure of little fertile spots, comfortable cottages, smoke-houses, and the merry laugh of childhood ringing out like the sweet chiming of Sabbath-bells, the lowing of cattle, the bleating of aheep, and the numerous white sails of sharp-shaped boats, dotting every nook, cove and inlet, fills the heart of the weather-beaten tar with thoughts of former days and boyhood scenes in his own land ; and, her.ving a sigh of regret at their departure, would fain laud and live at White Head. It is from a point of land jutting out at the eastern part of Grand Hurbour that foot passengers to White Head take their departoro 46 Bay of Fnndy Islands and Islets, ;;i !i; !: ■ill 4i If!-: ■- (i I — two islands, Harbour Island and Green Island, lyinpf between the said point of departure and White Head. This important part of the Parish of Grand Manan will ever hold a prominent position in the progress of the parish, and must commend itself to governmental con- sideration too strongly to be disregarded. On leaving Woodward's Cove, and coming on towards ^ orth Head, about two and a half miles, brings you to a pretty little straggling village called SINCLAIRVILLB alias CENTERVILLB. It may have obtained its first name after an old Englishman, John Sinclair, who had resided there, and where his sons and their familfes yet reside, although Sinclair lived on the western side of the island at Dark Harbour for about a quarter of a century — a sequestered and dark spot, indeed, for a man to spend the one-third and more of his allotted years. Centreville contains a store, a blacksmith shop, a saw-mill, a schoolhouse, an undertaker's shop and several farms in its vicinity. The Griffin Brothers firm of Eastport carried on quite a trade here some years ago, and also a Mr. Lawrence, now in Boston. This little village, progressing in common with other parts of the island, began to feel ite importance ; and not choosing to be called Sinclairville, adopted the name of Centreville, by which substituted appellation it will probably ever be known. Centreville has now mail facilities weekly, and this convenience although not perfected has largely tended to give gi'eater interest to a desire for reading, which of itself is no trifling consideration . It is a very pleasant place during summer sunshine ; but when an easterly storm sweeps the bay, the breaking of the sea against the shore, with the roar of the tempest, is simply, sublimely terrific. Centreville seems to be a favorite location for American squatters, and others from other shores. They seem to tak« to it as a duck to the water. What the attractive power is that draws them to it is unknown. Yet the fact ii all the same. Upon the whole, Centreville hat many advantages, and the people, being industrious and generally frugal, are quite comfortable. Before leaving Centreville, it may not be out of place to remark that a In Charlotte County, New Brunswick. 47 convenient edifice for relii^ious worship would be a standing monument of their piety, and would free them from the incouTenience of eominj^f to North Head, or jfoing to Woodward's Cove or Grand Harbour or a Bchoolhouse. Wharf accommodation at lome part of Centreville is much needed ; and if the money uselessly expended on lighthouses on the St. Croix Kiver and St. AndrftwgBay was expended on wharves on Grand Manan and the other islands of Charlotte County, the benefit would be felt even in the Government coflfers. iean to Itive I the hat land ring it a NORTH HEAD. This particular district of the Parish of Grand Manan, ceitainly calls for special notice. Her« is the general distributing post-office. Here is the main harbour of the island. Here ia the Swallow Tail lighthouse. Here are three wharves at present — Gaskill's, O'Brien's and Dixon's, and a fourth one in course of erection by Capt. Gaskill ; and according to the progressive spirit of the people, as many more may be errected in as many years. Here is a splendid sohoolhouse. Here a large Free Baptist Church. Here are millinery shops, pro- vision and clothing stores, groceries and confectionery. Here are farms, yielding the products of the soil abundantly. Here are fishing establishments, vessels of large tonnage, boats and dories all employed. Here are Flagg's Cove, Sprague or Pettes' Cove, Whale Cove, and the Saw-pit Cove. Here is where the steamers first come. Here where the mail-steamer lands her mail-bags filled :vith letters and the news of the world. On the arrival of the mail- steamer, the sight at the head of Gaskill's wharf, on the highway between it and the post-<5ffice (some sixty rods), and at the steamer (if high water and she is alongside), presents as lively and as busy a scene as on and about the steamboat landing at Eastport, Calais or St. Stephen. It is no idle gathering either, for large freights arrive with each arrival of the steamer. The amount of trade carried on here, taking the popu- lation into consideration, is astonishing. The fishermen must be amazing consumers. Here are respectable and comfortable conveniences for the entei*taiument of vf. 48 Bay of Famly Islands and Islets, (1 I; f'".[ '' 'i'M I' ' .'(1, . SI ( ^•?i m i If strangers. Capt. Jus. A. Pettcs' house, a short walk from the steamboat landing, has all the accommodations requisite for the comfort of a limited number of guests. The table is well supplied with all that the hungry or the delicate appetite demands ; the rooms clean, airy, and spacious ; the bedrooms just what they ought to be, and where "tired nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep," loves to hold its vigils. The lady hostess is so well,-, known, and so well appreciated by the travelling public to the island, that anything further in her praise would be quite superfluous. On tjie first settlement of this part of the island, as may bo suf)poaed, only two or throe individuals pitched their tent here. Little did they dream of the future — the short future too. Drawing a straight line from the head of Fiagg's Gove across to the centre of the sea wall at Whale Cove, leaves all the eastern part of North Head a peninsula — the strip of low land separating the. two coves forming an isthmus : the western part form- ing our main land — ahall say (geographically) continent. On this peninauli have at its extremity east, the Swallow Tail, and on the Swallow Tail a light- house, from base to deck, 45 feet ; and the point on which it stands, being 103 feet above high water, makes the elevation of the light 148 feet total elevation. There is a keeper's house, in addition to the lighthouse, and other smaller buildings for stores, tools, oil, &c., ail painted whit 3. The keeper, Mr. John W. Kent, being quite neat and tasty of himself, spares no mins to keep his buildings in trim also. The light reflectors cast a brilliant gleam over the waters of the bay and help to chase away the gloom of darkness, and it may be of fear from many a storm-tossed mariner. The view from the Swallow Tail, or west of the bridge, near the Saw-pit, on a clear day, can hardly be excelled. Part of the coast of Maine, of the north shore in Charlotte County, Campobello, the Wolves Islands, Pennfield, Chamcook Mountain and the numerous hill tops extending from St. George to St. AndrcAvs are all visible to the naked eye. It is a standpoint from which the observer can see, too, the bli;e line of the Nova Scotia shore lying along the horizon as if pencilled there by a marine artist. Now a large square -Yigger looms up, and another, and another ; In Charlotte Counti/, New Brun»wick, 40 lere all }ing teep lat a to Ifear the on )ast ity, look L'om Lked Isee, long lOW ler ; then flmaller craft in scores. The smoke, too, of a steamer lazily floating along over the still waters gives riso to thought. Has she crossed the Atlantic, or is she from Halifax or Yarmouth or the States ? Or is she hound out to traverse the treacherous ocean, bearing a precious freight of human kouIs ? If so, may the voyage bo propitious and free h*om harm over the wide waste of waters. No visitor to Grand Manan should leave it, if convenient at all, without a walk to the top of the highest land at Pettes' Cove, esnecially if the day be fine and free from fog. The scenery of land and sea from it will well repay the time. By reference to the map of the island we find that the little isthmus, nlready mentioned, was glebe land many years since, when subsequently it became the property of Ebenezer Gasldll. The course by the com- pass from Flagg's Cove to Whale Cove being north ten degrees east. Josiah Flaf ,( was the original proprietor of 200 acres of the North Head peninsula, known as Lot No. 16, and adjoining the glebe lot. John Sprague was the early owner of Lot No. 15, adjoining the Flagg lot, and con- taining 225 acres — the line between the lots extending to nearly the centre of Fish Head, and running the- same course as the glebe line, north ten degi'ees east. A triangular piece of land formed by the line extending from Nett Point, north twenty-eight degrees west, twenty-eight chains, until it strikes the line at the highway, of the original Flagg and Sprague lots, became the property of Lieut. John Cameron on which reside his two daughters, his grandsons, Capt. Pettes, Peter Dixon, and his grand-daughter, Mrs. E. A. Dixon, and other descendants, and numerous other families. A long, narrow strip of land runs longitudinally on the south of tho latter line and highway, extending along the shore of Flagg's Cove to Drake's Dock and further. Nathanial Daggett succeeded Josiah Flagg in ownership of Lot No. 16 ; and James Small succeeded his grand- father, John Sprague, in Lot No. 15. From the above statements, the whole area of our little North Head peninsula — say from the present residence of Deacon Rodney Flagg to the Swallow Tail lighthouse — comprises about 450 acres. It would have been "ii .:'a4:>;:!' 50 Bay of Fundy Islands and Islets, deemed fabulous, at the earliest period o. the settlement of this romantic part of the island, to have sketched by pen or pencil its present appearance as it is in 1876. What a half-century, more or less, eflfects in a wild forest land, possessing facilities for settlement and trade, can find as good proof at North Head as in almost any other portion of New Brunswick — and that, too, independent of railroads or telegraph wires. Two or three dwelling houses, and small and incon- venient withal, were the only hospitable roofs, say fifty or sixty years ago, to afford a night's lodging or a homely meal to any poor wayfarer who might perad- tenture com ^ along ; or to the hapless sailor cast, like a waif from the sea, upon the shore. But, how is it now ? Let the eye look over those 450 ^cres, and what do we see? Verdant fields and cultivated acres, handsome residences, garden plots, neat fences, vessels riding gallantly at anchor — some going to other ports lad^n with tlie islands exports, others coming in, bringing in like richly laden argosies the product! of other climes ; fish-houses, stored with the finest of fish, ready waiting for the market; an ever increasing population of industrious men, economical housewives and intelligent children — and of the lest named, about 118 on the school regif?ter list of daily attendance ; Sabbath-day worship regularly by a stated ministry of the Episcopalian, Rev. Mr. Covert ; and the Free Will Baptist, Rev. Mr. Kenney, — both of those gentlemen, highly esteemed for their "works' sako" and other good qualities. We will leave North Head for the present, resuming a few additional remarks hereafter, and, in the mean- time, introduce the reader to the extremity *of Northern Head. Here is the noted Eel Brook, which has gained a name on ttccount of its copper ore — 'that valuable mineral having been discovered there in beautiful specimens. Bui Eel Brook, has obtained a notoriety of a far different kind than coppe ' — no less than the scene of some of the most dreadful shipwrecks that have occurred in the Bay of Fundj. Gince the occurrence of those dread disasters, a fog- whistle has been erected near the scene, at Long's Eddy ; and as no shipwrecks oaent id by 1876. forest ;rade, t any too, ncon- y fifty I or a perad- t, like w is it i what acres, vessels r ports ng in, icti of offish, reasing »e wives about dance ; stry of Will emen, r good uming mean- rthern ined a iiluable lutiful liety of scene have mce of Erected rreoks se In Charlotte County, Netv Brunswick, 51 have occurred since, the warning voice of this fog- trumpet may have prevented some fog-enveloped vessel from finding her voyafi;e ended near Eel Brook, The follo\^ing account of two wrecks at this place will convey to the reader an idea of the dangerous nature of the Northern Head for vessels in fog or storm, and the great necessity for using every precaution towards giving the fatal spot as wide a berth as possible. SHIPWRECKS. — THE LOSS OF THE SHIP LORD A8HBURT0N. The narrative of this dreadful shipwreck and loss of life is strictly true, tt-^ writer having obtained the facts from one of the survivors, Mr. James Lawson, a native of Bronholm, Denmark, and who has been for many years and still is a resident at North Head, Grand Manan. The Lord Ashhurton was a ship of over 1000 tons burthen, c(%nmanded by Capt. Owen Creary, a native of Pictou, Nova Scotia. His chief mate was a native of Brighton, England ; the ship's carpenter hailed from Portland, Me.; his name is thought to be Sweeney, past middle age, had a wife and two children, residing in Portland. The ship's crew, ofiBcers and men numbered 29 all told. The Lord Ashhurton sailed from Toulon, France, in ballast, on the 17th of November, a. d. 1856, bound for St. John, N. B. Nothing unusual occurred during the voyage across the Atlantic. The ship made Cape Sable in the afternoon of Christmas-day, December 25th, and in due time entered the B^y of Fundy, and sighted Grand Manan ; but encountering head winds, fierce and continuous, was forced to put to sea. Three times successively this doomed sh'T) sighted the island, and by adverse, furious galen compelled t''. turn her lofty prow away from her destined port — that port which she rafl never to enter ! Battling with the storms of winter in the Bay of Fundy, the persevering mariners, with courage characteristic of the sailor accustomed to the perils of the sea, which proves ho vv use doth breed a habit in a man, cont.'nued to urge on the Lord Ashhur- ton despite the raging waves, fempostuous wiids, and gathering ice on deck and rigging, towards their anxi- ously desired port, St. John harbour. Hope grew strong in the buasts of Captain Creary d2 Bay of Fundy Islands and Islets, f '=: and his men as they sighted Partridge Island light, at the entrance of the long-sought harbour, on the Satur- day night of the 17th of January, a» d. 1857 — just two months 8?nce the ship sailed from sunny 'France, with full flowing top sails, for New Brunswick^ A good ship, manned and officered by able seamen — all hopeful of spending the opening of a New Year in the bustling, busy business City of St. John. Oh, could they but have seen on ihat 17th of November 1856, as they sank the sight of merry Toulon in the distance, a picture of the dread wreck of their good ship, so soon to be ; could they but have read in brief the harrowing story of death's intended work 'among that gallant crew on the shore of a far-oif islaud, and so nigh their intended port, what anguish untold would have been theirs ! But let us not anticipate. The s^.mpie story of this tragic record of the bay is more than enough for the sensitive mmd to dwell upon — the tender heart to feel. On ^e night of the 17th of Janhary 1857, the wind blew a gala fror> the north-east, attended with a heavy snow and a tre- mendous sea — making up in all what is generally termed and so well known, "a violent north-east snowstorm." That is sufficient ; it tells its own story, it conveys its own interpretation, and can easily be defined by dwellers on the land ; but, alas ! how much more so by those who go down to the sea in ships, who do business on the great waterr^ — by those on board a vessel in the Bay of Fundy, or anywhere on the North American Coast, and at night ! The night under consideration found the Luid Ashburton in sight of Partridge Island ; but to get within the offing or ap- proach nearer, was impossible. Under dire necessity, the ship was hove to, hoping that daylight, the light of the coming Sabbath morn, would bring with it a cessation of the raging storm. Delusive hopo ! Daylight came, but no abatement. That Sabbatli morning, the 18th of Janu- ary, A. D. 1857, revealed a raging sea and a terrible snowstorm ! Sunday passed away, the ship lying to ; and with its passing. Oh, how many of those 29 sailors thought of home — of the days of their childhood, of the prayers they lisped at their mother's knee, of the ringing and chiming of Sabbath bclis, of parental love a;id instruction, of the companionship of bi other, sister, In Charlotte County, New Brunsvick. 58 I'm. its by L-e so do mel forth bder it of ap- ^sity, If the of it no lanu- Irible to; lilors tha Iging aid Ister, )n relatives and friends ! Are they all, or any, remembered now ? And as the darkness of night again begins to fling its dark funereal pall over the bay, how many of them wipe the rolling tear with rope-hardenei hand from the weather-beaten cheek, with presentiment of boding death ! God knoweth. Their manly breasts heaving with intense agony of spirit, as another long, dark, stormy night gathered in and over them. Is that gallant-looking ship, as she rises and falls on ana among the furious billows of the angry bay, to outride the storm, and anchor in safety in the noble harbour of St. John ; or has fate sealed her doom by an irrevocable Sat ? . We shall see. The Lord Aahhiirton, from the time she sighted Partridge Island light, was driven as wind and tide drove her — at the mercy of wind and wave. They had no mercy ! "Before the boreal blasts the vessel flies." And now, refrain as we would, our pen comes to the recital of thf heart-rendering, sickening details. It was about an hour after midnight, on that eventful Sabbath night, the 18th of January, that the Lord Ashburton rushed on impetuously towards the frowning cliff of rocks, near Eel Brook, at Ihr nortborn end of Grand Manan, thf^ summit of the clifl' high above the lofty top- gallant masts, and b iig down as if v;ith grim ■ isage upon the awful sight below ! The ship, spec i j^ on to ^.ertain destruction, the seeihiri^ waters al^ arouud her, struck the rocks abreast ber f '-e-chaino 1 Captain Creary, taking in the inevitable, at once cried ov^ ■ *'My God, my God, .we are all gone!" TL'- chiet olK«ers gave orders to get out the boats — futile or icrs, no human being could obey them ; for '•Striking the rocks, the storm confirmed its power And soon the whitened waves flung bodies on thr ..ore." Now came in terrible earnestness a h ie for life. Hitherto, strong active men, now staggered and reeled like helpless children. The ship listed off shore, the foremast and mainmast v/ent by the board — the mizen- mast soon followed — the crew and offlcers gathered aft on the starboard quarter; and it was at this awful juncture that Death began his dread work in earnest. Yes, yes; it was then that — "The wild confusion in this fearful storm, And groans of men, was death in dreadful form," 54 Bay of Fundy Islands and Islets. — ^the captain and his officers and many of the crew being swept off by the dark, mounting, rolling waves into the merciless sea ! Ten of the crew, including ship's steward, flung themselves into the mad waves next tho shore, and partly under the lee of the ship's quarter. Some got on fragments of the bro'i?en ship ; others, attemi ting to gain tho beach by swimmii^^ as best they could, although every heaving sea broke over them with overwhelming fiorce. One of the ten who thus fought for life against death in the raging waves was James Lawson, and desperate were his struggles and efforts for existence. Amidst the bowlings of the tempest, the roaring of the waves, and the wild shrieks and shouts of drowning and mangled shipmates, he struggled on ; sometimes nearing the shore and again carried back by the undertow. At length, wheii almost overpowered, his strength just gone, his feet touched land ! It was then about two hours flood tide, and gaining a footing, lie had just got out of tide's way, when he fell exhaasted on the beach ! Unable to stand, he got upon his liands and knees, and endeav- oured to get further up the beach ; but being too much exhausted for that, and feeling the rising tide beginning to wash up to him, he called aloud for help ; and strange to say, in this his almost hopeless extremity, one of his shipmates, who had reached the shore in stronger con- dition than he, heard his cries, and coming to him, helped him to stand, and assisted hingi to the base of the cliff, where he remained till daylight, the waves at high water washing up to his waist. While strugghng in the sea to reach the shore, he lost both boots, and the sharp rocks on shore soon tore the stockings from his feet; and thus he stood for hours barefooted among the icy rocks. A few short hours more in that situation, and he must die. Another strong effort, strong in his weakness, must again be made for life. Clambering up the precipitous breast of rugged rocks before him is now the only alternative. With the effort he succeeded, and on reaching the summit p dreary prospect presented itself. No dwelling in sight, no road to guide to a hospitable roof ; with frozen feet and now all alone, a dreary wild of rocks and snow and stunted trees before and all around him, it only remained for him to learn "what con- him, f the [high the ^harp and )Ck3. nust lUBt Itous only on bself. table wild all /bat In Charlotte County, New Brunstvick. 56 prodigies can power divine make man perform ;" and so in his exhausted and perilous condition he proceeded on, as best he could, knowing not whither, until he saw a building in the distance. Making for it, it proved to be an old barn at Long's Eddy, containing hay. (There is now a fog-whistle erected near the spot where the barn then stood.) This poor shelter he reached and entered — anticipating there to die ! But Grod had decreed otherwise. Close on his barefooted tracks in the snow, followed a fellow-creature to save him — the same person now in charge of the fog-whistle — who on entering the barn beheld poor Lawson, and soon he was conducted from the cold barn to a warm little cottage, occupied by a kind-hearted old couj)le, Mr. Bennett and his wife, where he was kept until next day, then removed to the residence of Mr. William Kendrick, of Whale Cove, receiving every possible care and attention under the circumstances. r- Early in February following, Lawson, with six others bis rescued shipmates, were taken to the Marine Hos- pital at St. John. There he remained for five years and three months, having had both feet partly amputated by Dr. Boyd. On leaving his hospital home, he re- mained in the City of St. John about three years ; but feeling a very strong desire to re-visit the Island of Grand Manan, where he had suffered so much and where he had experienced so much of God's goodness, he yielded to the strong desire and came to the island. If he had ever been skeptical in the belief of an over- ruling Providence, the subsequent histoid of his life was and is more than sufficient to establish his faith in the verity of those words : P* "God mores in a tnyaterioui way, His wonders to perform." Thus was James Lawson saved on that awful night, or rf ther morning, of the lUth of January 1857, while all the officers of the ship and a large majority of his shipmates were hurled into eternity — into the swallow- ing gulf of waves of dark forgetfulness and deep oblivion ! — the thick falling flakes of tempest driven snow being the only flowers thu-t strewed their watery graves, for the time,ht « ] a,f i,„^.^, " ""'h, an.l catch sometimei, they make from the hZk tnU T "^ '-•«« ''"t eeiraa Ee) Brook. On aZZ i " " ''"y- H«nco the name l-'ocipitoua cliff at I "'""^ "'*' °>0"ntain.l ke ani =: t-E" vt?^-~ rrrri name Bishop-, Hoad r' '""« ^"'^ honored "rith the rough carvings on a rock aUl,! ^'''T ^'""'^ of „"t„re's to oft.set the BiHho"rHL*lf SJ'";?^" ^'•'^' ""-J « i tie fignre of a wonfan of ll "'"'•" ^'''"3. stands ' tft'iied the name of the 01/^^?^""^"' "hich has at dame Nature, in seaWnt the On r' u^'"'""''?. «^e" 0"/^ to It ; and w!,en so readv t'l '"^^ '""^' he com.,Iete'd ft-n Long's Edd^ to s^JhtrTT*" he a splendrd dr ^f beauty of rural and m,,; " ^^*'"'' nearly, which Zl «n.T other drive for™ "ranrr^"'*^ ^^^^ «wLge Western Continent. """' ""'"''«'• of miles on the ^^^ortsrafnf, j,:7j^ov^ '^'-^ '^ ^-"^ - ^lees belli (^ well adapted fn.i-' ^ • ''^^ number of the m i II su- lk 62 B(M/ of Fundy hlands and laleU, Andrews, carried on quite u trade in the sawin;? of luml)(3r and in Bhip-tiniber. Miiny Iojjjh cut at thiit time remained in the little lake (Eel Jjako) until a year or two ago, when they were taken from their hods of watery repose and manufactured into pickets in the tiny luill on the brook. THE SEA WALL at the head of Whale Cove merits attention and particular mention, chiefly on account of the variety of beautiful pebbles to be found there. Tlfo lover of mineral and sea-shore BpecimeuH, can be richly rewarded by wending hi a §teps to the pebbly -covered beach at Whale Cove, and collecting as many as he choones to take away with him. Here are porphyry, agate, jasper and many other varieties. That noted head, called Fish Head, on the eastern hide forms a stupendous break- water from the easterly storm, while the long line of frowning cliifs, extending, as one of nature's greatest ramparts, along the western sliore to Eel Brook, shelters our spacious Whale Cove from the fury of a north-weat gale, leaving the placid cove to wrap the drapery of its couch around it, and sleep on in pleasant dreams. In the year 1873, a large ship, the Humher, of some IGOO tons, ended her voyage life at this sea-wall, and was a huge example of the cremation Hvstem of dealing with the remains of the dead, only that no kind hand gathered up the ashes to presei-ve them as precious relics of the dear departtd ! The waters of Whale Cove were the urn to receive them. Leaving Eel Brook, and seeking other brooks, we find a pretty murmuring stream, east of the Free Will Baptist Meeting-house, coursing its never weary journey to the waters of the bay. Further on, southerly, another narrow but. dashing brook races for the bay, emptying itself into its swelling tides, a little south of Drake's Dock. At the eastern line of the old Winchester farm, another pretty stream runs for salt water ; and, like a twin sister, another near it on which is a taw-mill. Near the Isaac Meigg's farm, we cross another gurgling^ stream which turns a mill, passing on, like all the rest, as if eager to commingle with salt water. There is a lovely brook at Grand Harboar, running down past luriior WT)ostep ?' ^ ^xteMisLnient. ' '''' °' '•'"'"' ""d tl.e lobster foctorr •lo^t"'? with the raiitv l/>„ '^^■I "" '" '">''« their «vprtl,ero»d „„ a, S 'f 1", ,"'« 'T"''" »h„ .Irire reHrtoano,vhi.A, S ,Y''''' "'"' ■»'"' l«"ld M^ ,">^' '-"gl.. for st oe," ,"; f ""' » «"™' "t 'l'« «at ^oast can h„,di,. R,J)/2t '™ !'' """'^^ '"M nor H. 1, and noariri, Hoa Co,; ^hl""^- ^""''"'« ^nrk «'id who cultivates a slTf P''^'™"'* er at the cove >™'!-fi'lfd .tore witi,ah '"'" "'"' ''<-'»?« « "eat and -"■^JG brook af *«»ft i r« |'"ven, „,„do i,y rir kws'™';"" •'"'" """ ^"^^ 'i't'« 'y « bndfte, which .eems to 1«^ ?''"''' """^ '^ ^P""""'' *"ps, as if waitiiiff a vlt^ % ■ " ' '"■«'' t'le liijfh hill Board of Worl "foVh t t"!:;,/ t/'T-?'''^"'-' "^ ' "« Ihe nnsler who wishes to I t ."" "" f.'"«'ance8. ''"■0 Pon..d.s each, n w „, . r'', "■""* ^«gl>ing over catch them. H^;^l*™ h'a'""^' """''^ '■^>'' ™te » to <'«h. just oatside low wit, " T"'! "' ™" ^"'er fresh "'■« content with JIllTrout. ''' ''"' ^"'"^ ^ananTtes v^i tile lancl Iii'vic ,. i • i . «- t.l,ore mtt':; ;t ™'lhl'; If'-^ ^■•- «'^- to re, ,,., ^Trange-legg.d ^n>all Creech.'" ""'' '•^'^•■- ''""^-J- snowey, ba™ grev e,,cfo._Yello "m ^d & ';'""'' P"P'e marti,,. ' f^ ^"'^^^"-Spotte Vtry^^t^/,'^"'"'!^^ W .4mmc„„ irond.thn,,7,T^^,'-^.' '''"e-winged fay "^ ^^^^ Brunswick— all ■fW^ r hi iKl II' ■■ tm 64 Bay of Fiindy Islands and Islets^ migratory — .^uch as Mack cap, white-throated, white- breasted, yellow- win j]jed wren, coal tit, chatterers, wax- wings, sparrow, pinefiiich, crossbill, broan tree creeper, &c., &c. Wood-peckers — The great black, three-toed, spotted and '^mali. .77< , picturesque and beau Lmv "'""''' "'•« "ot only ?» well, forming so ma "^ ""l'"'™?'''' '» ". but useful Ue fury of the sea in a storm T"^ ^"^^ ""^ch of PJigg's Cove and Centrey' L> '^ °"^ ^''""d P™tects 0»ck Islands an,l >Sn 'It!!- ^f*'' Hio], and Low 2U\;podward-s CoveT wMeNCriT''?''^"^'''' ?«"" * ^lets form a k^.^er from L ... •^?'' ""'' ''« '""e-- Harbour. And the Thrc^ tIT I '" '''™"'- "^ Grand ^f^, opposite Seal Coyl'af,:"""' ^^^^ o^ Inner •■■otection there ; so that i^w^ u™"' "P '""* "bieJd of her wise pi-ovirf,^„,, fo,.''^,'' "^""''' fPPe", as Nature, i„ M>« weal of Grand Mtnfr''''''r''^' ''"''"" <^y " accordingrly. n ,^ welf be ^'"'^ f"«"«d herself of Grand Man™, tiingl^^'ft ""f "?<* ,«"" «'« P-^sh augmentation of pop",^ 'on t^^Tf' ""'' ^"* 'bo »'s r.t i£ s. i 3 p-r.£ ™ iioined, exhibits tho rettfi? V' """g'^'' "'"I be" boids on a general poiwr "S P.™'«°" 'be paris'! tbo real estate in possesion Tb *''""'," '?°<"' '^ea of i ir r^t,!*" '•^""■^ J tlms"' ^''' """''«'• »f freehold H-s>. rs'^sl'A?!;^ ^3%^?. f . 0, F. 37, G's 55 66 Bay of Fiindy Ishnds mid Islets. 5* iiaij' Z's 4. Total number of voters in 1876, 480. It is easy to see that a parish polliniry 480 votes is an im- portant portion of Charlotte County, especially to the candidate aspirin*^' to a seat in the Local Legislature ; and how much more important to the aspirant for a seat in the House of Commons ! It is ])ut simple justice to the Charlotte County Islands that they should bo re])resented in the Local Legislature by one of the islanders ; .m/1 it cannot be expected that the people of those islands Avill be satisfied unless they are so represeiited. The total ])opulation of ^tlic Parisli of Grand Manan at present, , taking the last census as guide to it, may be safely estimated at two thousand four hundred souls, and, if slowly, surely: increasing. K«ferrJng to the iprotection afforded Grrand Manan by its outiying islets from the fury of the sea, satisfactory proof was experienced on the 4th of October, a. d. 1869, when the great tidal-wave rolled on and along the North American coast, with the besom of destrnction. 'Tis true Grand Manan felt at its different points some of the effects of that awful wave, but nothing in conijiarison to other parts. Even the steamboat wharf at the town of St. Andrews, N. B., was swept by that tidal wave, carrying away a part of the block on which the tower iijj^d lighthouse keojier's dwelling stood ! The whole seaboard of the Atlantic Coast for hundreds of miles was more o." less denuded of wharves, buildings, vessels and boats. The town of Eastport presented a melancholy sigiit ; and some of its most enterprising business men were left slmost destitute in one short hour ; and yet, Grand Manan passed through the ocean ordeal com- paratively unscatlied ! Its islets helped to save it. Even the Swallovv Tail light — the base being 103 feet above high water mark — suffered much injury, but it had no outer island to protect it. From t)ie report of W. H. Venning, Inspector of Fisheries, for 1670, to the Department at Ottawa, the following data appears respecting the Fisheries at Graml IManan — namely, that in that year there were employed 375 men, and the total value of the fish caught amounted to $102,351. There were some 50,000 boxes of smoked herring and about 30,000 barrels of pickled -" In Charlotte CoimUf, New Brnnsivick. 67 :ory 'Tis 3 of ison town ave, wcr bole was and holy men yet. Iconi- ^ven ,l)ove d no lor of i.. tlie rrand loved boxes ckled herring. Since ih.'it period larfjje acquisitions have been made to the fishin<.{ business. The ishmd had no bankers tlien — it has now ; the fishermen did not trawl then — ^they do now. * While spealdng of trawlinc; for fish, it is not necessary to go l)ack to the treaty of 1818 to find, in its interpre- tation, cogent reasons to urge the necessity of more stringent regulations than at i^reseut exist for the pro- tection of our inshore fisheries. The amount of tonnage of the island coasters and freight vessels will average over 500 tons, while the tonnage of ressels engaged in fishing in th'.^ bay and on the banks, will far exceed that number. Of large two- sail fishing boats and boats of smaller size, and Bkifis, and dories, they can he counted by hundreds. Thus progresses the productive developments of that in- exhaustible storehouse of unbounded wealth, the sea. At North Head village there is a large building of its kind erected for smoking fish, which is doing an extensive business in that branch ; also another at Dixon's w^harf, and one on the western side of Flagg's Cove. C^ntreville, too, contains smokehouses, and cures large numbers. But at Woodward's Cove and at White Head — White Head particularly — are found the principal places for smoking herring for exportation. The Duck Islands, Long Island, and the two inner is- lands at Seal Cove also contribute their quota of boxes of smoked herring. Indeed, the smoked herring of Grand Manan have become as well known in provincial and foreign markets, as the famous red herrings of Nova Scotia, known as "digby chickens." The reader must by this time, having carefully per- used our island history from its earliest settlement to the present period, possess a sufficient knowledge of its attractions, advantages, wealth and importance, to give to it its proper estimation as a portion of the Dominion of Canada. Although the whole Atlantic coast from Cape May to Cape Tormentine is dotted with summer resorts for tourists and visitors who seek the invigorating sea breeze, and love to lave in the swelling tide, yet Grand Manan, as it becomes better known, becomes better appreciated, and those lovers of salt water spray and the healthful breezes from the sea, find their way here, and 1 1 ■h ■1 ' tt>! Vf.' rr^ii 68 Bay of Fnndy Islands and IsUts, here recuperate theirimpaired health, recruit their fla^.^ing Kpirit?*, returning to their respective loi'jvh'tieB with buoy- ancy of spirit and ajrility of limb, such as was experienced by the cripples froni tije Pool of Bethesda ! With the increase of summer visitors, hotel aceom- luodation must keep pace. A good hotel will ba required at Woodward's Cove or Grand Harbour, and another at Seal Cove, or in the vicinity of Deep Cove, near the residence of W. B. McLaughlin, Esq.; and should Mr. McLaughlin convert his fine private residence into an hotel — with his well-known desire to please — the enter- prise would be a success. To dine on a rich leg of mutton, and then visit the Old Maid of Soubhern Head, and return before tea — hnw pleasant ! The Old Bishop at North Head would never write its pastoral. .-f--' MINERALS. : 4 This island T)resonts a fair and an extensive field for ft more thorough investigation of its mineral resources than it has as yet received. Its geological researches have not been adequate to its deposits. Lumps of cop- per ore, one weighing several pounds, in its native purity, have bo^n picked up at different places from time to time, in the vicinity of Eel Brook, Fish Head and around the shores of Whale Cove ; and yet, strange to say, those tangible proofs of this valuable ore existing here remained disregarded, until, in 1862, Moses Bagley made a new discovery of copper at the western or back part of the island, near a small cove called Sloop Cove. Parties from England, attracted by the report of this discovery, visited the place and began mining operations in 1870. The ore is known as grey copper and contains 90 per cent, of pure copper. This mining party pene- trated 210 feet into a cliff, near the beach, finding as they progressed the prospects of the ore in quality and quantity increasing. Why the party discontinued and returned to England cannot be well accounted fo?-. The statement has been made, and it remains uncontradicted, that the soil of the island covers a .strata of copper. Baryta, combining the sulphate and carbonate acids, is found to abeund plentifully near Pettes' Cove and in the Fish Head vicinity. It is a very valuable mineral, I the aea In Charlotte County^ New Brunswick. 69 and only requires a little capital and more enterprise to make it yield a larj^e return for all outlays. The time may not be far distant when the hammer of the geologist may strike the blow that will sot the miner's pickaxe at work in true earnest ; and then the cheery song of the fisherman, as ho nears the rocky shore with his boat load of fish, will blend merrily with the ring of steel striking the shining metal from its bed of ages ! Thufl will land and sea contribute in making Grand Manan shine brighter and brighter as one of the gems of the bay. HORSES AND CATTLE. this tions tains »ene- [g as and aud The jtcd, Icids, lid in leral, The number of horses at present on the island may be counted up to 70, and horned cattle, oxen, cows and young stock upwards of 150, while sheep are numbered by hundreds. It is becoming quite common now for our youths and maidens, instead of visiting their friends or amusing themselves in sail or row boats, to step into a covered carriage or open wagon — of the newest style from Dewolfe's factory in St. Stephen or from Nova Scotia — and "take a drive." The ** saddle" is too old- fashioned, and the '* sulky" is not gufficiently pleasing. That very welcome veliicle, too, the meat cart, makes its appearance up and down the island ; and no person relishes a nice beefstake or mutton-chop with greater zest than a sturdy, hungry fisherman. In concluding the present history of Grand Manan, the auiihor candidly confesses that he has not done full justice to the subject. With a willing hand, and an earnest desire to do justice, he is notwithstanding con- scious of having left much undone of what ought to have been done, and, it may be, of having done what ought not to have been done. The small price of the work would not justify elaborate details. A glance at the past and the present relative to Grand Manan, will convince the most sceptical that this fine island has kept steady march on the road leading on- wards and upwards, towards independence ; and if not oppressed and overburdened and crushed by and beneath the weight of taxes from outside herself, she will prove the nursery of a brave and able population of men, to lo 70 ; fe if -I liS Bay of Fandji IslawU niid FsJcts, jiid the (iovernment that wisely governs her with strong arms and fearless hearts. Wliat the past half-century has witnessed in the iin- ])rovement of this island, the next half-century, under the protectinsf care and hlesaing of Him who ordereth and disposeth according to His will, will see yet greater improvements — will see Grand Manan grand in the prosecution of her fisheries; grand in her agricultural industry ; grand in the development of hei mineral resources ; grand in the temperate hahits of her hardy sons ; grand in her churches ; grand in her schools ; grand in all that ennohles humanity ; and as a bright diadem in the coronet of her grandeur, — grand, ever grand in the expansion of her native intellectuality. In Charlotte County^ New JirnvHwirh. 71 CHAPTER III. MACHIAS SEAL ISLAND. ^HIS island, lyinf? as it does in tlie mouth of the Bay of Fundy, and beinf? under the Marine Depai-tment of the Dominion of here, the great continent of America. He first found his way to Philadelphia. Had that city, at that time, presented to the eyes of the young adventurous goldsmith, the amaz- ing world of wealth and the world's productions, as in this, the Centennial exhibition of them, it may be easily presumed that he would have become one of its citizens. But Philadelphia in 1700 was not the Phila- delphia of 1876 ; and, after a brief sojourn there, with the spirit of travel, adventure and trade within him, he came down east, settled, as has been said, on Indian Island, and at once entered into the fur trade with the Indians. Neither Deer Island nor Campobello ( and venturing the assertion, until successfully contradicted) nor Moose Island (Eastport) can boast, as can lovely little Indian Island, of having the first house erected on it. The first house and the first store that astonished the wondering eyes of the Passamaquoddy Indians were built by James Chaffey, the Somersetshire boy and the London goldsmith, at that time, the Indian fur-trader of Passamaquoddy Bay. An unmarried man at the time, with no white as- sociate of either sex to cheer him in his solitude, it must have required an uncommon share of courage and love of adventure to reconcile him to an isolated existence, surrounded by day and by night with th( wild whoops of treacherous savages made yet more wild and frightful, situated on the little forest island, and surrounded with the rips, and tides, and fogs of the ever-changing, ever- eddying, ever- whirling, rushing, foaming, seething waters of the Passamaquoddy ! As fortune is said to follow the brave, so Chaffey was destined to experience a change in his condition. In the year 1768, a man by the name of John Lefontaine came from Port Royal to the island. Lefontaine, or, as 76 Bay of Fundfi Tshinds ttt} Count}], New Drunswick, 11 ;iveii L'ican rty of ineral It tl^e ■Bide, floiirialied weapons, and ordoring Chaffoy's wife to give them tlie best in the hou'io to eat, with uplifted toma- hawks, and drawn knives, threats and threatening gestures, ordered Chulfey to obey. True to tliat firmness of resolve which had ever distinujuished him, he passed triumphantly through tlic trial of his courage and national fidelity ; and the Indians, as if kept at bay and ruled by an invisible power, left the house without accomplishing their purpose ! Through the influeuco of Chaffey, a man by the name of (loldsmith (in happy agreement with the name of the trade he learned), estabhslied salt works on the island — or rather was agent and manager for a company formed for the purpose. It was no inconsiderable enterprise, as the salt was manufactured from sea-water boiled up in large kettles. The business w^as prosecuted until all the wood on the island was consumed in boiling the kettles, and so had to desist. The island at the beginning of those unfortunate salt-works was clothed with a magni- ficent growth of all kinds of wood common to the country, and Chaffoy's aid in thus denuding the island of its valuable trees has been a source of regret to the people of the island, even to this day. His death oc- curred in 1796, leaving a widow and a large family in bereavement. Hon. William Todd (deceased), of St. Stephen, N. B., married several years ago a descendant of Mr. Chaffey. Now Indian Island began to receive fresh and new acquisitions. A Scotchman by the name of Daniel McMasters, from St. Andrews, established a fish store; then, Col. Thomas Wyev, also of St. Andrews, prosecuted the same business, then the late John Wilson, of Chamcook, traded in fish and lumber ; then a Mr. Freeman did a large business ; and about this time a Mr. Henderson, who had been Collector of Customs at Snug Cove, Campobello, was removed from his situation to Indian Island, and sat, like a modern Matthew, at the receipt of customs there. This was about the year 1811. This was the important embarffd^ epoch ; and, the new customs' officer is said to have per- forated his duty with vigilance and impartiality — never deviating from the strict line of rectitude. It was then that flour, principally, and goods of all kinds were mys- teHiously (a secret known only to expert smugglers) run 11 •lv!r- 78 Bay of Fiiiidy Idands and Tfdets, ovf^r from Ji^astport to tho islund on diirk iiip;lits ; and where naked beaches and sea-w.ills v/ero at sundown, at !-'unrise next morning and lon^' before it, thoHe boiiches iind sea->va]ls, were covered with immense piles and heaps of goods. OoUector Henderson, on seeing such h!ghts, would playfully tell the men near by : 'Must (dear away a path for me to walk i rough, so that I will not break my legs, and that will do i" \'-. •- ^^ Tiien it was that men ran great risks for the reward of great wages. Ten, fifteen,, twenty, thirty and even as hig'i as forty or fifty dollars a night for running contra- band goods from Eastporfc to Indian Island — a very short run ! The stern voice of the American sentry hailing the smuggler, with the imperious "Heave to that boat," followed by tLe sharp crack of tlie musket, were common tfirough the ([..I'kness and stillness of tho night : and yet tho boat glidcL ou, with muffled oar, for Indian Is- land's W3lcome beach. Many are the thrilling stories related ^ .' those eventful times — sufficient of themselves to form a romantic and tragical history of facts, as intensely fasci..- iting as the most exciting novel of im- aginary marvels.- In 1812, the first day after the declaration of war, a privateer arrived at Eastport. There were al^o three schooners at anchor in the cove at Indian Island. Two boats from the privateer, tilled with men armed to the teeth, came over to eapture the schooners. A few of the men of the island hastily col- lected on Chaliey's wharf, and as the armed boats neared the schooners, the Indian Islanders pointed their muskets at them, warning them not to come nearer at the risk of life. The privateersmen replied that they would return and bring over the privateer. Tho boats accordingly returned. Two of the schooners slipped their cables, and ran ashore on the beach, it being ebb tide ; and the other schooner, owned by Merritt, of St. John, N. B., started for St. Andrews. The privateer got under weigh ; but instead of crossing to the island, she gave chase to the schooner, and captured her just as she was entering St. Andrews Bay. Merritt, the owner, was on board and tho vessel had a full cargo of goods and produce, which proved a valuable prize to the f3nemy. Had he slipped his cable, as tho other schooners had, he would not have slipped into tlu; IMN^- 7/1 Charlotte County^ New Brunswick. 79 |0 ,rev at ■s tbey boats lipped ig ebb i St. /ateer [island, just as loWDor, goodH io the other ^to tl le hands of the Yankee ; but such is an instance of tbe fortune of war. ; . <; Another inoidont, by way of reprisal, may be men- tioned. A scow, loaded with barrels of tar, was lying at Eiistport, which was broua"lit over to the island, ran the blockade, and was moored at a wharf. BoA'eral boats, full of men, crossed over to re-take the tar, when Joseph Freeman, Capt. of Militia, with a small band of his men, fired into them. T3ie. Eastporlers, instead of catching the tar, it seems, caught a tartar! An old Irishman, by tbe name of John Doyle, was one of Capt. Freeman's firing party, who, elated witli the result of what was in ■• dity a bloodless victory, gave vent to his patriotic enthusitism in a poetical effusion of forty lines. As a specimen of the whole, we give the following: ■';, v'"* ' "' *-'^ "My gun beinjj not wellloaded ' *. * . ";• I • r ,.r ••' It snnpp'd, boing all ill vuin; The btills came whistlitiy round my ears • " Just likn a sliowcT ol hail. • - - ' But still we drove IhftTn to their boats , ,i ■■'. Without either di-ead or fears, And quickly we were re-inforctid :. "' By Doer Island volunteei-a." ^ The poet Doyle in the following verse feels it his duty to compliment the Campobello lads also on their readi- ness to assist in the tar-y conflict ; and thus he sings : / '•*The Campobello heroes, too, Behaved with, covirafro bold, Commanded by GoorRe Anderson, . , / Who scorned to le controlled. ,. , ,. He in a valiant soldier For his Kinji and country's cause, . i . v , And he nia; 'S/y THE FENIAN INVASION. The history of In.lian Iskiid would be incomplete without the liistory of the Fenian invasion of 18G6. It was prbvious^y supposed that the Province of Ojitario, Canada West, would be tlie scene of its marauding attacks, and that.thty would be CiUihned to it. It proved otherwise. ;,l ■^t:?;:^;;.;- .f:»M- The s]>rin.jjf of that year had hardly opeued, when Faniaiir. I)egan to cougre^^ate ai. Eastport, Me., as a chosen place to rendezvous, and in large numbers. Under the leadership of a fellow by the name of Killian, who seemed well-fitted to lead a band of raffians, they commenced "training" on a sandy beach, at the foot of a long range of bank, a few rods above Dog Island ; and as this beach is nearly opposite Indian IsJand, their military teachings were observed quite clearly. They went through a daily "drill" at that place, from which they could plainly see tlie bated British flag Hying at the custom h Hise. Killian and bis braves, eager to v/in fame as Iveroes, without losing any blood in the attempt, saw a good opportunity l)y taking that flag. According- ly, on the night of tiie 14th of April 1866, they crossed over to Indian Island, proe^^iedcd as stealthily as Indians on the v.'hite man's trail, and suirounding the residence of the customs' olilcer, Mr. Dixon, they knocked riolentiy at the door for admittance. Mrs. Dixon was lying very ill at the time ; and u> there were ladies in the room watching with the sick hidy, one went to the door, without opening it, asking who was there. A voice replied: "We want that Englisli flag, (iive it quickly, or we will burn down the house.'' The collector, Mr. Dixon, was up stairs at the time ; but hearing an unusual noise below, at once hastily dressed, and went to the door. Hearing the threats outside, he opened the door, when pistols were levelled at him, with a demand to give up the flag. At this time he heard others trying to tear off the v^findow shutters. Taking in the inevitable, and the danger to Mrs. Dixon by this midnight attack, he thought, and thought msely, that prudence in this case was the better part of valoar, and surrendered to those worse than Italian banditti, the flag that had waved over the oustuin 1 \ 84 Bay of Fandy Ishuidh and Islets, house. Those valiant Feniiins, havinpf performed such a f(iilln.nt exploit, returned to Eastport, taking with them the British flag, as a bloodless trophy of unparalleled heroism. No wonder that liasf was sent on to New York, to the **Head Centre" office, to be displayed there as the first flag taken on the battle field ! • '/' •-•■ A day or two previous to this cowardly act, an Eng- lish man-of-war, the P/jladcs, Capt. Hood, arrived at Welchpool. On Sunday morning (the flag was taken on Saturdiiy night) the circumstance was laid before the captain of the Pt/lcuPa ; a telegram was sent to Beverly Robinson, Esq., St. John ; the tocsin of alarm was heard from St. John to St. Stephen. St. George, St. Andrews, and even l^ocabec felt the insult and the outrage, and the old lion of old England began to stir himself, even among the colonists. The newspapers took U[) the cause ; and the largest capitals of the largest type admissible in the columns of a newspaper, contributed to extend the report of this Fenian outrage, and a call to arms ! - • •> The taking of this flag was accepted as a warning note to prepare to resist invasion ; and it was pleasing ])roof of British pluck to witness the alacrity with which that warning note was taken up and acted upon. Only one week passed away ere a band of those ing Fenians again visited Indian Island. On the night of April 21st, they landed at Guay's whflrf, on which stood four large stores — two of them having been built a very short time previously. They set fire and burned those four stores to ashes ! The Queen's warehouse was in one of them, containing a large quantity of liquors and other goods — brandy, rum, gin, wines, whiskey, tea, tobacco, &c., &c., with a large supply of salt. All was consumed by the hands of those incendiary braves ! Capt. Hood of the Pi/lades had been notified the pre- vious evening of the apprehended danger, with request to send a guard for protection ; but the man-of-war captain disregarded the fears and the application as too trifling to require precaution. The event proved the necessiiv . The flames had been seen from the Pylades, and Lieut. ViJall with a boai d crew crossed over to ascer- night-fight- of .t^.. In Charlotte Count if, New Brunswick. 85 >nly rlit- mys hem -hey The Inga ram, large Ihose pro- luest -war too the and Iscer- tain particnlavs. Another war vessel, the Diutcan, hafl arrived from Halifax, 1)eiiriii<; the flag of Hear Admiral Sir Jame:^ TIo|K3, and haviii<]r General Doyle on board. On the atternoon of the day after tlie fire, Admiral Homo, General Doyle and Capt. Hood rame to the island and visited the scene of the late eonflagratiorj, and made strict enquiry of the taking of the flag from the custom house. A guard of marines and sailorw from the wiir ships were sent over, and the new school house Wits placed at their disposal, and did good se'-vice as a guard house. Troops and volunteers now pourod into all thri border tf>v.'ns ; intense excitein(;nt prevailed all over the province — especially in Fredericton, St. John and the frontier towns and rural districts adjoining. Governor Gordon telegi-aphed to Indian Island, to have the books, papers and all documents appertaining to the collector's office removed to Welchpool ; but, after a •;nard was put on the island, the order for removal was countermanded. A gunboat next came to add to the fleet of war vessels—- the liosario — bringing a civil engin^jer, Mr. Innes, to inspect and report on the erection of fortifica- tions ; and a crew of men from the Roaimo were directed to throw up embankments around the school house (.i>r.ard iiouse), and to intrench it with a stockade. Tlie ships relieved each other, by sending their portion of crews as guards — one from the Pf/lades, the Nificr (Lieut. Boxer), the Fa ivn (Capt. Hall), the Cordelid, (Lieut. Ogilvie); and after those ships left our waters, Lieut. Wilniot arrived from St. John with a detachment of volunteers ; and following after, Lieut. Chandler \vith volunteers from St. Andrews and Fredericton. An attempt at a night attack by two large boats, fully armed, was made on one occasion, which was summarily disposed of. A sentry of the St. John volunteers dis- covered the boats, and at once fired into them. The rifle report soon brought out the guard, and a general rush was made, in true volunteer style, too impatient for a fight to wait to "fall in" with military precision, (or the scene of action. The quick, sharj) rattle of musketry was heard at Welchpool; and from the Niger, Lieut. Boxer's ship lying at anchor there, went up sky rockets, blue lights and signals. The Nhjcr slipped 13 n i! >( 86 Bay of FitncJy InhDids nvil IsJefs<, I' , her cable, and came on in full speed of steam, with her fighting-lamps all aglow— officers, marines and sailors eager for a fray ! While thus speeding on for ac- tion, the Fenian nrmed boats passed the Nif/cr un- detected, hasting on for Eastport, their harbour of refuge. • s^i: A British naval olTicer, Capt. Napier, Avould not wait for his boat to touch the beach in order to laud ; bat, with his blood up, jumped for the shore from the bow of the boat, and landed in pretty deep water, although not cooling his sanguine hopes of a light with Mr. Fenian and Mr. Killian ! ^ v;--; i .^ ; .,^^v :,iiH>' This attempt of another Fenian raid, after the taking of the flag and tlie burning of the }-.tores, was the last one by them. Ijike birds of passage, only earlier, they began to take wing and go south to New York ; and 'before autumn, the excitement began to subside, gradu- ally declining, until it finally died out altogether, (reueral Meade, of the U. S. army, had been sent on to Eastport and Calais, to put a stop to the designs of the Fenians. But the tardiness of the apparently kind interference was too visible to blind the eyes of the provincialiats. Had the English war vessels, the regular troops of the British army, and the volunteers of New Brunswick not put in an appearance until General Meade came, the Fenians could have had things all to themselves and in their own way. The town of Elast- port relied always to a great extent on the trade of the very islands attempted and intended to be invaded by those blood thirsty Fenians ; and it did seem to come with an ill grace from them towards those provincial is lands to permit the Fenians to rendezvous among them — to open their hotels, and in many cases their private houses to them, and to sanction their organizing and drilling on the outskirts of their town for the avowed purpose of invading their friendly neighbours and pro- fitable customers, the people of Camnobello and West Isles. After all, in justice to the good people of ]^]astport, perhaps, they were, in the case of the Fenians, more sinned against than sinning ; for Killian and his hundreds of brigands would care little for the people or authorities of Eastport, unless supported by their (.Tovernmeut, wdiich support was uoti JQi'th-comiug until In Charlotte County, Xetv Brunswick, 87 lowed pro- West le of jiaiis, (d his jle or their until General Meade and his ''boys in blue" put in their dis- claimer af^ainst Fenian invasion. Bctbro quite diamissiinjf the suhject-inatter of this intended invasion, it raay be well to remark that the American Government ou;]jht to have kncmn, and did know, that there was a friendlj' inter.'ourse and a bond of commercial amity existinjyj l)etween the town of pjast- port and those islands ; and that Government ought to have known, and did know, that the perpetration of villainous outrajjfes on th()S( islands, by lawless hordes of Fenians, would destroy that friendship — would cancel that amicable bond, and li^ht the torch of antagonism that after years wonUl hardly extinguisli. The provin- ciaUsts have never, since 1866, given the Amerujan Governient credit for promptitiid of action in efforts to suppress the hostiUty of provincial enemies, especially during the Fenian excitement. The tardiness evinced too much of indifference. Indian Island, as we have seen, from its earliest history to a very recent period, has heen the mart for all the surrounding islands, not only the mart of trade, but for all else. Here was tlie chosen spot by the red man as a charnel-house for the dead. Here the mournful, plaintive ''ugh" of savages,' over the remains of one of their tribe, would blend in strange cadence with the moaning surf-song of the whirling tides. There is a circumscribed spot, yet extant and plainly visible, known as the Indian Island burying ground to attest to the fact that the Indians brought their dead from the ad-^, joining islands to Indian Island for interment. Even those savages had an eye for rural scenery and a love for a rural cemetery. As the Province of New Brunswick progressed, and members were elected for the House of iVssembly, the election law of those days gave no less than fifteen days wherein to complete the great work ! The inhabitants of those islands, even to Grand Manan, had to attend the polling at Indian Island ! The last four, elected under that dear old law (dear in many ways) were Wyer, Hill, Clinch and Brown. And here, too, under the old militia law, the male population of the surrounding islands mustered to learn their drill, the art of war. Three davs consecutivelv were devoted to that all im- 88 Bay of Fundy lalands and Inhts, V-- I!. in poriaut duty, aiid imilcv tho lca(l(MBliip of C(>loneI McKay of St. Geor«T:e, and succeedhi*,' him, Colonel TIfitch of St. 'Andrews, the militia of thoao Hoa-girt. isles succeeded amazinj^ly in ucquiilrifj a proficiency in keepiiif^ Kto]> to^^etlier, by treadiupf on one another's heels to su^li a decree that the poor militia man, af- Hicted with chilblains, learned to endure punishment Av'ith the stoical yilence of the red man about tu suti'u/, death. Those days are fre(piently alluded to as the ''good old days" when West India rum flowed like milk, iii;d West India sugar was sweet as hout^y; when (.'verybody treated everybody ; when everybody got merry ; when -fy^i'^;^^ body would sing, swear, dance and light! - On those election days and militia days, it was that little Indian Island held high carnival. It was- fit those evontbil, now historic periods, that the people of the various islands of Charlotte County congregated, anil revelled in unity of drink aral song, if not in sentiment, renewing annually the friendship of fog for saltwater. Retrospectively, since the period when the enterpris- ing James Chaffey, whose history in brief is before the reader, up to the present day, what changes ! The old merchants — where are they ? The goodly West India fleet of merchantmen — where are they '? The lish and the fur trade — wheie? The big house on Little Thrum Cap — wliere ? 'ilie large stores — where ? All gone ! But, consolatory thought, the dead but sleep — they will rise again ! And the loved island, that once knew^ them, 3-et remains to remind the living of the virtues of the departed. p.,:^^^M'^^^iM.^i\ .^ . . . Indian Island although shorn of much of its pristine gloiy, yet stands out in beauty, surrounded by the same rushing, eddying, sparkling waters tliat erst w-ashed its shores, reflecting all around it the goodness of Him who smiled upon it, as one of His handiworks, when the "morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted for joy." ^^,^ . ..^^^r. rsS-tp^S Jv-m ?*:<*•.?; hi Charlotte County^ New Brunswick. 89 i i .i ». iM|4l J3 tt.WW w i>Wi< , l i Ujif M l — - pns- the old udia the Cai^ But, will mew ,es of Istino same [d its wlio the God I C^ii AFTER V. ' Dy.En ISLAND. ><; HE earliest history of tlis fine island obtain- I able at the present time, dates l)ack soii ■ 60 years, and the chanf]res eflVeted in a new and sparsely inhabited conntry in even a century are not few; und Deer Island, witliin file last fifty or sixty years, as will be seen, has kept good pace with her sister islt-s of the Bay of Fundy in tlie march of improvement. IiOokin Fii •in m ijiiiM IlliU iitt 1.1 1.25 20 1 1.8 1-4 11.6 p> ^. /.! JW ^^ # ^''''^>'' ^># ^> S>. .%>'■ ^#^^» % w o 'W Phofographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIH STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 '-^.Is^ \ r» <*! ^^ L<*. &?- # 90 Bay of Fnndif Idaiuls and lahU, an iiiiportaiit poKitioii and its population rapidly increas- ed. It could not Ite (*tlier\vif:e. Lying at the mouth of tlie splendid River St. Croix, and open to the Bay of Fundy, at all seasons of the year ; covered with a {growth of stately pines, even to the mar«ifins of its coves and harhours ; teeminn- with fish around its coast, and presentinpj such an inviting field for artisan and fisher- man ; — no wondrtr that it soon became a favourite resort for industry and enter])rise. '^Hiat the aboriginal red man had, at some previous time, pitched his wigwam ainong the sheltered valleys of the island, was clearly enough to be seen — the sqaatters having discovered numerous heaps of chim shells adjacent to sovae running stream or living spring. The traces of Indian life were discernible; but nothing to justify the conclusion that the French, during their earlier occupation of the country to the English, had ever made for any of themselves a home on Deer Island. It does not appear tluit the island at any period was ever much of a hunting ground, for at the present time nothing more than a few wild water fowl, rabbits and patridges offer sport for the sportsman's gun. And, going back 50 years, po game in addition to the present were seen except the fox, who at the advent of the squatters would yelp out his sharp fox-bark through the stillness of the night, as if i?i concert with the discordant hooting of the owl. But as white men multiplied, and poultry increased, it was found expedient and necessary to exterminate the hen- thief as best they could ; and as trappe)'s were not there to entrap the wily foe and depredator, recourse was had to poison and to the entire destruction of the fox ; so that now and for yejirs past the rooster can crow and the hen can cackle over her fresh laid-egg, all undis- mayed at the apprehension of a raid by Reynard on their peacful and happy domain. Deer Island has an irregular and broken coast or shore line, some thirty miles in extent, its greatest length about seven miles, and averaging four in its breadth. Its area may be computed at 14,000 acres. Taking Chocolate Cove as a starting point (this cove is immediately opposite the small but lovely island called Indian Island at its north end) and following along the eastern cost is Bar Island, then North-west Harbour, j: It wiic arp in it as '.vas len- lere bad fox; and idis- [ on It or iteBt its Icres. re in lUed the )0ur, In Charlotte 'Cauni ft, New Brunsuick. 91 Lord's Cove, Lambert's Cove, Northern Hurboiir, and ])assinf( a high head bind etiUed Clam Cove Head, is seen Fairhaven, and lastly Cummings' Cove; thus raak- in<( the circuit of the island along its shores, are eiglit commodions and well-sheltered harbours, where coasters can tind havens of refuge from the perils of the sea. With sncli natural facilities for trade, the islanders themselves have not been neglectful to take advantage. A well-filled store is kept at Ciimmings* Cove, another at Bar Island, while Lord's Cove lords it over the others ]>y having two stores, with one at Fairhaven. In addi- tion to those five stores, considerable trading in small articles is carried on in i)rivate houses. Education, the hand-maid of religion, is well sup- ])orted and encouraged here. There are six schools under the local inspection of Chariot' e County located at the principal coves and harbours ; and several young teachers of ability have ali-eady found their way from a Deer Island schoolhouse into other parts of the County, reflecting credit on their birth-place, their teachers and themselves. The spiritual \velfare of the people are carefully attended to by Campbellite, Methodist, and Free Will Baptist pastors. The Campbellites have a pretty firm foothold at Bar Island Harbour ; the Metho- dists are gradually increasing ; but, at present date, the Free W^ill Baptists are in the ascendant, outnumbering all others by large figures. Like the other islands iu the Bay of Fundy, its shores are rocky ; but, with the exception of Clam Cove Head and a few other high bluffs, the land presents but little difficulty in obtaining safe landing at all parts. The island, having been shorn of its proud pineries, produces now a mixed growth of hard and soft wood, very well adapted to the building of small vessels and fishing boats. The soil, where cultivated, produces good crops of potatoes, grass, oats and vegetables ; and garden ilowers, skillfully cultivated, bloom luxuriantly, and many a pretty bouquet is made up and presented by fair hands to her favoured swain. Dame Nature, too, at ^.he proper time affords an ample supply of ripe and delicious i)errie8, which find a ready market on the island and in Eastport, especially on Independence Day. The fisheries iu the waters all around the island, and f / 92 Bay of Fundif hlan(U>and Islets, m ' U\ ' ■ 1 ':■, 'if «. *• 1' 11' ~\ outside of its vicinit/y afford employment to a larj^e and an ever-increasin, l)oat and all, in the yawjiing junilf of sectliirifjf -WHtei-s. T]iey ^^'ere distinctly seen at the time of the lamentable disat-ter hy men on tlie deck of an Kastfjort schooner ; hut it \vas impossible to render them aiu .tssisiHiice. A boat v.iifn once fairlv within the nierciiess veast of roarinf? ^vavcs is beyond the reach of aid, and tbe destruction is as swift as it iw certain. At the most dangerous time of tide, large two-masied boats would have but slender chance of escape, if ouco ^vithin the power of th(;Ke whiri]iools. Like dealing with the celebrated au-d drcjided Maelstrom on the coabt of Norway, the surest way to avoid danger is to keep at juudeut distance, or in sea-terni, give them a wide berth. At other times of tide than the ilood, not much risk, if any, lis run by passing through those waters, which are then Hs harmless as they are noiseless. Before closing the notice of thosje whirlpools, it may not be alto{|^ther oat of place to refer to a circumstance connected with them, possessing a little of the ludicrous. A person, now deceased, who during his latter years resided on Deer Island and adjacent to Chocolate Cove, was in the habit of visiting Eastport, almost every week, crossing over in a small boat by himself. Prone to i)artalie of that which does inebriate, he would seldom leave East- port on his return-trip free from the influence of his favorite, beverage, and as he neared the frightful whirl- pools, which raged almost within his course for home, he, not unmindful of the danger, would commence to Hi^-'g a hymn suitably worded for one in extremity, and so continue to sing plaintively and in pious strain until he passed the whirlpools and felt assured that danger W|is past in the passing. He would, even in sober con- versation on the subject, attribute his preservation to his hymn-sung-prayer, and not to any skill in steering his tiny craft clear of the raging waters. It may have been HO. Who dare gainsay it ? At all aveutsH, the whirl- pools never caught him. Tbe many romantic islets adjacent to Deer Island are not the least of its attractions. They are various and varied. There is the White Horse — not quite so whitC;, however, as the white horse King William rode, when crossing the Boyne water. This noted small island is In Charlotte Couiitij, Xeir Brunsicick. 95 irger con- to hiR |g his been ;hirl- 1(1 are and ^bite, Iwben ind is situnted abnost at the ceutro of the montb of tl e Le'Etite passage, which runs swiftly on the flood into St. Andrews Bay. T]ie White Horse is a hold rock, with some short {j^riiss clotliin^ its summit. Sea-birds are tlie only livinuf thinji; that resort to it. The watei' is bohl all around it and it would be difficult to find a eheltered nook large enough to protect a small ])oat in a storm. • It is a good guide, liowever, to the entrance of the Lo'Etite passage. In closer ]>roxinjity to Deer Is- land, are Pope's Folly (where* poor Pope, in 181'2, estal)lishcd a trading post and lost all), Casco Bay Island, Spruce Island^ Snnd Island, and "White Island. Cherry Island may be termed Little Thrum Cap's twin sister, being so clos' ly allied to it and so similar in its appearance. Those several little islets clastered around the eastern part of Deer Island are very ()icturesqi^e, and some of them would suit admirably for pic-nics, and gatherings of social parties, who enjoy the sweet shade of pretty umbrageous trees, with the dash of the salt water wave against the base of their verdant repose. The history of Deer Island in the pr4,st is so interwoven v>-ith that of Indian Island, that the reading of the latter may serve for the former, so far as the settlement of those islands by the whites is concerned. The proximity of Deer Island to the towns of St. George and St. Andrews, as well as to the American town, Eastport, renders it conveniently situateu for trade, and affords close communication with those towns, en- abling Deer Island, to a certain extent, to participate in tl^ir advantages. A son of Mr. John Cook, the person who introduced the lobster factory business on Grand Manan, started a similar establishment on Deer Island. It cotild not be the paucity of the mateiial that caused the relinquish- ment of the factory, as the large lobster factory enterprise in the town of St. Andrews has always been well supplied with lobsters ; and yet the shores of the isLmds, and the north shore generally, seem to possess an inexhaustiole su]>ply. The salubrity of the island speaks loudly in its fav- our. A medical gentleman, taking up a permanent residence on Deer Island, and depending on lancet, blisters and pills, among the people, would have to forego kli 96 Bay of Fundy Inlnnda (niro, Nova Scotia, and tlie hardy fellows of St. Johns, New- foundland, would liiid their ruiucli in the tishernieu of Cnmpobello, and, indeed, of those of all the islands in the Bay of Fundv. WELCHPOOL • presents quite a village aspect. Sheltered cozily from nearly all the storms that sweep over the bays, this snug li'tle town-like village carries on quite a brisk trade. Possessing excellent facilities they are utilised by several enterprising traders, to the mutual convenience and advantage of veudors and consumers. There is a neat Episcopal church, having a lovely site on a romantic- looking hill, and near by a schoolhouse with aU the modern improvements. Accommodation for visitors can bo had at tiie village at moderate prices, and to those who prefer a very quiet lodging in preference to noisier places, Welchpool offers her hospitalities. Here is a goodly cluster of fish-houses, where pickled, dry and smoked fish are prepared for exportation in large qu:m- tities. Here at Welchpool is a mineral lead deposit, Avliich a few years ago was worked with considerable activity ; but like many other similar enterprises, it fell through; and the sound of the miner's pick is no longer heard at Welchpool, blending iu cheery unison with the boatman's song. If there existed a disposition among the people to cheat the custom house, no fairer oppor- tunities present themselves than are to be found at Welchpool. And nothing can better prove the firmness of the peo])le to resist the temptation of illicit traffic, than the every day and every night opportunity, without the attempt. < In Charlotte Conntyy Nmv Bruiisuick. 99 from Bimg' trade. ;»veral ) and I neat mtic- \\ the ■s can those oisier is a and qu:in- posit, rable it fell onger h the mong ppor- nd at uness raific, ithout Here at ^Volchpn()l Adniinil William Fitzwilliatn Owen resided. Admiral Osven owned the island. Welclipool was coiiHequently the dtjiot for all the naval ntorcs on the station. Tho old Adiniral could stand on 'Novated ,ak forth the words of command as authoritatively, as when Btandin«jf on the quarter-deck of a man-of-war issuiii^' orders to Ids gallant tars. In tlu! sunimev of 1841, Her Mnjesty's steamship (Joluiiihiii, Commander Cartwri^jlit, arrived from I'lng- land, for the purpose of snrveyinji: the Ihiy of Fundy and its eoaht.^, under the directi(^ns of Admiral Owen. Com- mander Cartv.ri(;ht and the old Admiral disagreed. The cause of the disagreement Avas best known to them- selves ; but it ended in Captain Cartwright leaving t^ho ship Columbia and taking up his residence in the City of St. Jolm, having received the appointment of residen- tary hydrograplier, in v^'hic•l capacity he acted. Com- modore Harding, K. N., was sent out from England to take command of the Columh'ia. Mr. John T. C. Moses, now a resident of Grand Manan, received an appointment, in the spring of 1842, us assistant 'an rreyor in the service of this naval rfiu'vey. The Columbia steamed over to Annapolis Eoyal shortly iiftei to regulate her nautical instruments, chronometerR, i, ■■ 100 Bajj of Fundi/ Islands and hletn, Captain Robinson-Owen, but tbiit they hiive left the once busy scene of opei'itions, and left it to return never ! They died not on the battlo-fiold; but slept A quiet aloep — in pouce — while uthurs wept. Sic transit (/Inria ninndi.' Such are the fluctuations of human happiness — such tlie fading of worldly «;lory! Three younj? New Brunswickors — Forbes, Burton and Otty — joined tlie C- out for tliem the representations of clerical dignitaries ! Slie may have intended the Old IMshop at Xoi't'^.ern Head, and the Old Maid at Southern Head, Grand Manan, as yepresentatives of Adam and Kve, but missed it. And, indeed, very few of the pos- terity '4 those two ancient woi'thies would be willing to accc^pt those two rough -looking portraits of humanity as the pictures of tlie father and nicther of us all ! Geographically considered, there is a dissimil rity between Grancl Manan and Campobello. For instance, Grand Manan lias on its south side, its coves and har- bours, and roads and villages. Campobello, on its south easteri> side, has no harbonr or sheltered cove, or roads, or villages. The western side of Grand Manan offers no favours to seamen or landsmen — in safe harbours, roads, or villages. The north-western side of Campobello has iis iiarl)ours, its villages, and its gardens. Therein, is the dissimilarity. Wilson's beach. This portion of Campobello is no unimportant one. The Wilsons, after Avhom it is called, carried on a larg and lucrative lisli trade at one time here, o'.id were hignly esteemed, as accommodating and liberal- minded traders. The beach opens out on the river which runs past it from the Bay of Fuudy, and between it and Deer Island ami Indian Island. It is called the eastern passage, l)etween Eastport and Head Harbour. The tide at either ebb or flood rushes past Wilson's Beach with astonishing velocity ; and a vessel, once in the tide, even in a calm, will be carried onwards with wonderiul rapidity. The eddies along both shores perform a friendly work in counteracting many a disaster which the whirling tides might otherwise occasion. There is a Free Will Baptist Church at thio place, and quite a population. After the Wilsons closed up In Charlotte Counttf, Nav Brunsnick, 103 The and higiily l-aders. last it iland [ssage, ide at vvitb tide, Ideriul )rm a I which [place, ?d up business, the fishermen traded principally at i^kstjiort, hut as there is a store there now, a large share of the custom remains there, vvhich proves of greati^i«inveni- fence, erspecially in rouffh weather and durinpj th* winter season. The denominp.tional faith of the people is principally divided between tbe Episcopalians and the Free Will Baptists. Quackery either in r-'eaching or physic is not sufficiently patronised on Campobello, fur any adventurer to try the experiment. The postal arrangements of and for the island afford good encouragement to the bnsiness-man, and to those who wish to hold daily intercourse with newspapers. The venerable mail-conveyancer, Mr. Rico, of Welch- pool, has been on the route between that i)ool and the town of St. Andrews for many long yeais, and the many conflicts he has encountered while conveying Her Majest\'s mail-bags to and fro between those ports would form quite an interesting chapter. Daring the I winter season, particularly, to navigate the turbulent waters of the Passamaquoddy Eiver and the St. Andrews Bay in a two sail boat, and that without any additional assistance, must have tried the skill and nerve of the fearless mail-man, Mr. Rice. But he was never known to shrink from his duty on account of a storm. Perhaps, indeed, his zeal lietimes would appear to out-run his discretion : and when manv a man would have let the mail-bags lay over until the storm abated, he would close-reef liis sails, and grasping his hehn with u practised hand, bear away for the good old shire town of the County cf Charlotte. • Welchpool, annually, is the scene of a Fish Fair. At the close of the summer and autumn fishing the fair is I held. And competitors for prizes exhibit specimens of fish with as much of the spirit of competition as the best Agricultural Fair can show. This fair proves, a jolly time, and invitation cards are posted off in good season, away up the St. Croix, even to Upper Milltown, net omitting St. Andrews, St. Stephen and the American City, Calais, on the way. New. paper editorr or their representatives are there ; and doctors and lawj'ers and ministei's — both eceiesiar,- tical and governmental — and ladies, all slippered for th« dauce, do congregate at Welchpool on the happy 104 Bay of Futuhj lalmids and Islets, ■;.('' occasion of the annual fish fair. Then it is that the fastest saiHng boats spiead their canvas wings to fly over the waves of the Quoddy, in daring speed to win a first, a second or a third prize. Then it is that many a heart beats high in glowing anticipation of being nvesen at the Campobello fish fair and the ball in the evening ! The ball opens and the spirit of nierriment may be Hiipposed to make its appearance ; and in the words of the Rev. John Skinner, author of "Tullochgorum" and other songs, sings : "I>ay fiside your sonr g"imaces, Clouded broTvs an J drum lie t'lices; Look about and see their graces, How they smiKi delighted. Now's the season to bij'meiTy, Hang tlie thoughts of Aharon's ferry; Time enough to turn (.amstary, When we're old and doited." The samples of fish cured at Campobello are very creditable ; and the "Finnan baddies" from there, find a leady sale at remunerative prices in the American markets, and in the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and elsewhere. VVelchpool has now regular steam communication with St. Andrews ; and that of itself is a great acquisition to its many other facilities and advantages. The Head Harbour light and the keeper's residence stands on a bold, rugged rock, on the extreme north-east point of Campobello, directing the mariner through the channel that leads to Eastport and Indian Island. The West Isles, lying opposite, is only separated from this rocky point and Wilson's Beach by this tide-river, which rushes at all times of tide with great velocity. Head Harbour seems an appropriate name for the Harbour here found. The lighthouse points the way, and vessels seeking safety from a storm, if once within this harbour, can ride out a gale without feeling it. The harbour penetrates the island for a long distance, and with its little separative windings, affords calm security and a lee-shelter that cannot be excelled even by its near neighbor, the far-famed L'Etang. The banks and shores and extended land on each side of this splendid river-harbour presents a very pretty pastoral picture in summer, as flocks of bleating sheep with their sportive lambs enrich the beauty of the scene. The mother of ' smautiMtSSSmi tUft^ dence i-east the The this which Head rbour essels hour, rhour h its ,nd a near and leiidid hro ill iortive ler of »^ In Charlotte Counttf, Xnr BnniswicJc. 105 jnilk and butter and cheese, too, can occasionally he seen reposing on her verdant couch on a gentle knoll ; chewing her cud with the utmost Complacency, and quite indifferent to the approaching stranger under canvas. ]3ut the stranger- sailor, while looking pleasingly at the good-natured face of the dreamy cow, cannot say with Selkirk : "They are so unacquainted with man, their tameness is shocking to me." iTlicre is a long, narrow stretch of sharp rocks, extend- ing from the keeper's house to the mainland, nearly roserphjiiig the l)ack bone of a whale. Over this, when the tide leaves it, is the pathway to the island road. Quite a fair road rnns through the middle of the island from east to west ; and along this road, here and there, is a small clearing and a small house, a small cow, a small lot of poultry, a few small chickens, with two or three small children. It reminds one forcibly of anew settle- ment on a small scale. To the lover of inland scenery — of Nature's handiwork in a quiet w-ay — a drive along this central road through Campobello (or to those who prefer a good long walk) with shrubbery and rich under- growth of woods {'.nd tall, waving branches, composing a welcome ihade from the heat of cloudless sunshine, this road will be found very pleasant. At some little elbow turnings, there are the prettiest alcoves imaginable, where the velvety grass and thick foliage of saplings, woo the passer-by to rest awhile. They seem, indeed, as tiiough they were for **whisp'ring lovers made." On leaving this woody road from an eastern starting point, or entering it from the western part of the island, the broad basin-like waters of the Harbour de Lute, fringed at many parts of its here flat and there elevated shores with neat cottages and gardens, impress the be- holder with the happiness of tliose who make happy blending of rural with sea-life their happy choice. Tlie residents of Campobello are thus happily circumstanced. On it is suthcient variety of landscape, to meet the desire of those Avho Iotg to ramble through the woods ; or, if desiring more adventurous recreat'on, can climb to the top of a lofty spruce, free from appieheusiou that Bruin may catch him on his descent ;• or take & stand on the edge of a precipitous cliif, and look out on the ever- 'heaving bwsom of the Bay' of Fandy ; ov casting tho eye 106 ^'M linn it/ Fniuhi hknuh and Inlets^ downward, see tli'e ^v•hiI•ling tides and eddies lashing tlu.- rocks of ftges heneath his feet. Around it, those who love boating, can enjoy that salt-water luxury to any extent ; for bay ann river, cove and harbour; are all before them for tlie using. No doubt many a roving- youth, and othori, seekers of wealth in distant lands, have often thought wJien far away from their Carapobello Island home, like ad<)}>ting the words of the poet Gray, and say or sing : • ♦ "Ah happy hills ! ah pleasing shade ! Ah fields beloved in vain, Where once my careless childhood strayed A stranger yet to pain. I feel the gales that from ye blow A momentary bliss bestow, As waTing t'resli their gladsome wins, My wearv sonl they seem to soothe. And redolent of joy and youth, To breathe a second spring." tmumsBSBSmi, Jit Charlotte CouiUif, }ieic BnoiHirick. 107 CHAPTER VIL RECAPITULATOIIY AND CONCLUSIVE. ^^^jbIjIN closing the present history of the principal j'tjlsj Islands of the Bay of Fundy, in the County yjA of Charlotte, in the Province of New Bruns- wick, and the Dominion of Canada, a reca- pitulation may he indulged in, without subjecting the author to the charge of redundancy. A few minor omissions, too, may find their record in this chapter, to as much purpose as if they had appeared in their regular order. The population of Deer Island, Indian Island and Campohello ought to have been stated under t)ie proper hfead. It is not yet too late to supply the omission. When the census was taken in 1871 tliere were in the parish of West Isles (which includes Deer Island, Indian Island and adjacent islets) 299 families : a total popu- lation of 1,55G — 815 of them being males and 741 females. Campobello contains a population of 1,073 — males .571, females 502. The number of families on the island in 1871 was 202. THE BAY OF FUNDTf Is too important to be oniitted in enumerating points and facts connected with the history of our islands. The pen of the historian of North America, of what- ever age or nation, has never failed to chronicle the wonderful tides, which of themselves are sufficient to entitle this bay, on the page of history, to the fame of being the most extraordinary known in the world. When Cabot in 1498 — when the adventurous Frerich- mau DeLevy in 1518 — when Sieur de Pont Grave in 1603 — when Charaplain and De Monts in 1605 — and away back in the centuries of the past, when the Micmac or Algonquin Indian paddfed his birch canoe along the i 108 Bay of Fuvdif Islarula and Islets, \M I ">; i' mi 4- shores, and up and (Lnvii the rivers, the hasins and the lakes of this Acrtdia — those tides rushed on, as is no^\ their wont, in their unparalleled irresistibiiity. It seems almost a tax on the credence of the human mind to imaj^ine a rise of water tvrice in twenty-four hours to the immense hei^j^ht each of 60 or 70 feet, and yet it has its verilication in the tides of the Bay of Fundy. Otlier tides, in other parts of the world, pale into insiijnificance compared with those mighty swellingi of our grand old l^ay of Fnndy. Cumberland Basin, Cobequid Bay and Avon River are the principal points where those tremendously rush- ing tides roll on in terrible velocity and sublimity of grandeur. At the last-mentioned place, Avon River, a horseman often has the speed of his horse put to hard trial to escape the fury of the rushing tide as he crosses from Yarmouth to Windsor. When the tide is out the flats are hard and drv, and ''a short cut" across the flats from village to town is preferable to a round-about road ; hut whip and spurs are required betimes to escape the fury of the "bore," as he madly spreads over the flats with a seeming eagerne»s to outstrip the horse and his rider for their temerity ia thus obtruding on his salt water domain. And there have been instances where victims have been overtaken and drowned while attempt- ing to cross the flats, which a little precaution would have prevented. A person acquainted with the tides runs little risk ; while one ignorant of their amazing impetuosity, had better travel higher ground than the flats at the head of Avon River. In dealing Tvith the liiHtory of Grand Manan, it ought to be mentioned that, on following the Whale Cove road from North Head to Eel Brook, a very pleasing sight is presented ; but the person or persons wishing to see .it must take a clear starr}' night, or even a dark cloudy evening, any time, indeed, after twilight, provided there is no fog to veil the view. On rising a hill, from the top of which Campobello and the North Shore is visible, there is a certain spot of ground from which, as a stand- point, the eye can see the Swallow Tail light, the Point Lepreaux light, the south-west Wolf Island light, the White Head (Bliss Harbour) light, and Head Har- lazing m the light, Har- Tii Charlotte County, New Brunawicl-. 100 })onr ]i;4-i!t. Than, Iroin the oiiu staiul-point, without cbaui^iiij^ position, nothing more than a sliglit incHnatioii of the head, the lamps of five h(>hthouses are phdiily viKihle to the beholder. It is well worth the tronhle of u walk and the seeking for the spot of gro^nid— the standpoint. The looking for what, you are sure to find, lias even in itself a sort of teasing charm ; but you must not step around, tantivy-like, slov,' and sure, to see the live ligbthouses. ' The disiances from the Northern Head to Head Harbour light and the Wolf Island liglit, are said to be about equal, and the distnnee front Wolf Island lighi to Head Harb'Uir light is equal to its distance from Northern I'lead ; therefore the three angles and the three sides are equal, forming an iquiliJeral triangle of a salt-vvater area. Among the many changes for the better, • regarding our ishmds in the l»ay, the milhia drilling may be classed. The men of Grand Manan must be considered sufficiently skilled in militarv tactics, as there is no training on it in these davs. Tiie superic# mode adopted years long ago was admirably calculated to eft'ect proficiency ; for instance, a valiant captain, whose trusty blade, his good broadsword, n(>w liangs sus])euded on a rusty nail near a cook stove, wouM drill his company in this wise : "Take hold of thy head of your lam-rod, and ram it down l)risk]y, if you please, gentlemen." A gallant colonel from St.- Andrews, Col. Hatch, was j)resent on one of these occasions, and hearing the directions of the captain, smilingly reprimanded him by saying : "There are no such words, sir, in the Drill Book as 'if you please, gentlemen.' " The polite captain succumbed to his superior officer, the noble colonel. Anotlier Grand Manan ca))tain would order his men, in true fisherman-style, to *'ship bagnuts," "unship bagnuts" (bayonets). No wonder the art of war was so speedily learned, under such competent otiicers. But, those good old days have passed away; the remembrance of them, however, is not so soon forgotten. Wood.vard\s (Jove was the field where our hardy fishermen learned to "play sodger" Ami whore man? a potent dram '' Cttud'd a real fight, and not a shani. * The fishermen, being so accustomed to ship and IS 110 Bay of Fuiulfj Islavfh and laletSy m I 1% i'2 .^3 luisliip their ])oats' rudders, wore dclif^fLted at receivin*^^ orders from tiioir militia ca])tiiii] in tlioirown veniiiciilar ; lieiict) a It^adiii;:: cause in their aptitndo to learn. Another ohject worthy of notice, especially hy the curious in such matters, may be seen at Pettes' Cove (this cove has also the nrtme of Spraj]jue Cove). The object of interest referred to is a hirjnre opening throu^di the base of a high cliff at the noith-western part of tiie cove, wliicli must have l)een the work of centuries, formed and eaten through by the action of the tides wearing and tearing, jind disintegrating by piece-meal this huge hole through the rock. At low water or before it, and at two houj-s flood, tiiere is but little difficulty in passing through tlif^ clifii" by Ihis rugged hall-way. The actual measurement of this gigantic orifice through the massive cliff is 25 feet in length, 8 feet in height and 8 feet wide, so that at nigh water those who wish to pass through in a boat need iind no difficulty, no matter wliich way the wind bl'ws. A tourist from the states, some few years ago, visited the island, and in a book of his travels describes this hole through the wall of rock ; and that, in the face of the cliff through which he had passed, saw a striking proiile, which, from its strong resemblance to the face of Washington, he named AVashington's Cliff. The writer of this history, from his view of it, believes that the proiile bears a stronger resemblance to the face of Wellington, and, therefore, as it is a Canadian cliff, it seems more seemly to m'.me it Wellington's Cliff, in honour of the l^ritish Ii^m-o of Waterloo. In deep seams high over head, when in this canopy of rock, may be seen a sulphurous sediment, and by laying some of it on the palm of the Jiaud and smoothing it with a knife-blade, it resembles vellow naint. A rich varietv of mineral rock is found here, consisting of manganese, crystalized quartz, and baryta. A beautiful specimen was picked up on the last day of June, 1876, of the quartz, that weighs some 10 lbs., glittering and sparkling like the shining stars of the luminous galaxy of the firmament. Before quite leaving the Northern Head district, around which the narrator's pen loves to linger, the new fish weir, erected at Long's Eddy b> Lakeman k Com- pany, merits at least a passing notice. Where there In Churlotte Coinitt/, Xew Bnins/rick, 111 it m llievcs face cliff, iff, in leams av be it on Iblade, liueral lalized )icked tliat l^e the leut. Istrict, \e new Com- tliere are so many ilslj wcira aiouad the shores of the hay, it would seem unneccHsary 'to say a word concevniui; this recently hiiiU. Eddy weir ; hnt as uothinjjj of the kind 'fiasevev been attempted tliere before, tlie undertaking is h)oked to with considnr!d)le interes^.t. The jijreat rush of tide at ibis place, and the exiiosure of it to tlie fury of liortherly, easterly and westerly storms, with the whirl- in*? eddies withal, have prevented many an ardent lisherman from risking labour and money in the erec^ion of a weir that the lirst storm migl t sc - er to wind and wave. It, however, is now there, and from the building of it the enterprising company entertain sanguine hope of a good investment. It has long been noted as a great and favourite resort for fish : and if fishermen are good judges in the signs, then Long's Kddy is just the place for a weir. lusteaJi of driving stakes for brush, bed-pi<.'ces of great length have been laid close together, and those ballasted with large stones several feet higli. Should this peculiarly-constvucled weir prove a success, it will he the harbinger of scores of others, and the Lakenum weir of Long's Eddy will open up a new era in weir building. It is within the triangle area of salt water, already described, that the Indian in his bark canoe finds his profit and his sport in shooting porpoise. Let the reader picture to himself a calm day, but the waters covered with dense fog, he on the deck of a vessel, and without sea-legs to stand on, holding to the rail to keep up, and from rolling larboard or starboard in motion with the craft. He sees nothing, he hears nothing, save the swash of the rolling wave against the sides of the vessel, and the discordant gratings of the booms and flapping sails, and blocks rubbing their hard heads to- gether so harshlv that it seems thev do not wish to "(ksvell together in unity." Now the fog lights up — clearer and clearer — tliere it is clear enough to discern a speck upon the water rising and falling with the undul- ating waves. *Now it becomes plainly discernable. The object seen is an Indian — not an Algonquin, neither a Milicete, but a veritable Micmac. There he stands, with arms folded across his bronzed breast, his dusky features shining in the gleam of sunshine like a polished mirror ; the birch canoe, rising and falling I p •: m y" . 1 1 W tr 112 Bmf of Fintflif InhuKJs and Txh't^, M'itli the j^eiitly rollini; wave benoiitli his moro);siiroa families. 'ITieie are 9 aho))s and 'Stores, 4 wharves and a larji^e number of ()utl)uiidin<]fs, which were the whole nuniher compiicted in town style, would look very favourably from an approach by water. The numerous liouses between Griffin's Corner (formerly Di-uj^an's) and Diake's Dock, with Mio two stcn-es in that district, are not included in tbti number stated. The buildings, ma.ny of them, are delightfully situated. J:Juilt on elevated ^a'ound, over- lookinjTf the broad cove and outer islets, and being neatly ptiinted, a stranger, having pictured in his mind a fishing hamlet of rudi^ cabins, would tiud himself most agreeably disa])poiuted, especially when on binding, and a walk of live miimtes — no more — to find himself seated with tables before him, spread, and spread abundantly, with healthy aliment for body anf Fund// f>iJnu(h nii'l I>ilrfn, L ( f<3\v Hcoros of yeavH Kiiice tiK^ j;«K)(l old vetenin pionecr« ill its soUlf^moiit, P'lup;*; n\u\ Spni«,'iii', ])itoluHl thoir tacket, as he had had encouragement (by promises) to do so, but he had good cause to lose faith in the promises, and the handsome little Grapeshoi turned her cannon's mouth in another direction than the I'Ost-oifice. The 700 dollars' grant was finally over- whelmed hy 4000 dollars subsidy, to have a steamer run twice each week during the summer mouths and once , between * y< Steph North Head and Woodward's Cove, Grand Manan, touching at St. Andrews, Eastport (Me.), and Campo- In Chntintte Coiintif, Xt'tr nrtni.^irirl:. 115 1 tlioir il Ikmt 8, ftutl island of tiic ilioonor \Zi)\\ oi' l^erH, if lian go )ituliin;i' iijesty's jflit into I 111 not ry of n i)y the bs, and -carrier, ry of II I iniglity cnior in to tlu; got iinuudl tted for rcgulnr e people Lo old There ted the Ehen ent (hy se faith ,hau the \ over- mer run d once len and Manan, iCampo- hgs hello, with nnd for mails, and other mah a, and females, too, nhoiild they desire to step on hoard the ViU'hini Stroud. This little steamer has heen recently ilttisd np very creditahly, and is now well provided with siiitahle Mccommoiliition for freight ai:d p;isseugers ; and more than all, tlie mail-hagft j^re not likely to he immersed ia salt water, as t';cy used to ho hetimes on board the sailhoafs, so much so, that newRpi»por-! and even letters iind fi'etpiently to be dried before hemg read. TravellerH intending to visit (irand >,Tanan can always make close cfMJiHM'ticms at Kastjtort, as t!ie Stroud leaves there eve'ry Mondav and Thursdiiv forenoon for the island. Fare, one dolhir, Ignited States currency. (irand Harbour has two heaths iii close proximity to the village which entitle theni to distinction, by produc- ing a singular kind of fruit called (peihaps from a similarity in colour) "bake:! apple." The plant or stalk on which it grows is not over 5 or (> inches in height. Only one "apple" on a stnlk. The fruit is about the size of a large Malnnt cut in two. It makes a delicious preserve, and is ti general favourite with the most fastidious epicurean. It is not only a splendid preserve, but is very pretty withai, and handsome and nice enough to take a proud position on the table of royalty. Let any visitor enquire for "Gurdner's Heath," and test the "baked apple." The sad disasters nnd shipwrecks of the Bay of Fundy have been numerous. Hundreds of human lives have been lost in the terrible storms that have swept over the bay from time to time. N(ft unfrequentiy a vessel has left her native port, freighted with men, women and children, all intent on a plcMSure-trip, when in a few short hours they have been engulplied in the sea — the howling winds and the roaring, breaking waves singing their requiem as they went struggling orted — ])ickled, dried and smoked — vould swell our little his- tory far boyond its limited pages. Such detail, if presented, would oarry the reader along through a regular ratio of progression, step by step, elucidating the steady and gradually increasing value of the fisheries in the bay. But as this is im})racticahle here, it must suffice for the present purpose to take the catcii of two [■ WHii-'y: ' ; In Charlotte CoiniUj, New Brunsicicl-. 117 t)ie ipro- Te ill Ml— 1 liis- if 3g liiust two yeavs : lay tish. facts and iigures side bv .si 1'20. Bay of Fimdy latands and Islets, Fundy, in Charlotte County, before thcin, and tlip public irenerally, no person can claim i/Tnoranco of the import- ance of thoHc islands as a portion of the Dominion of C*anada, and of the necessity to look carefully into the best means available to add to that importance, to foster, by wise anc] just legislation, the natural resources of those isiknds, and to assist the people in their hazardous and laborious calling to yet o;reater develope- ments in working out their part, to their own individual advancement, and to the common interest of this "Canada of ours." Taking the population, the area, the wealth and the native talent, and in many the cultured minds of the parish of Grand Manan, the parish of West Isles, and of Campobello into consideration, it seems strange that those islands have not been represented in the Legis- lature of the Province of New Brunswick, by one of themselves — a resident of any one of the islands. No local jealousy ought to exist on this point. No matter whether of Orand Manan proper, or any of its outlying islands; whether of White Head or Nantucket; whether from the i:ear proximity of the Old Bishop or that of the Old Maid, near Deep Cove, or here or there ; no matter if a resident of Welchpool or Wdson's Beach, or Harbour de Lute, or Indian Islan^, or even Thrum Cap, or Lord's Cove, or Fairhaven, or Chocolate Cove, or no co'^'e at all — anywhere on Deer Island — it matters not — on the subject of those important islands sending one of their own men to represent their ever-increasiug inter- ests in the ProvinciaL Parliament of New Brunswick, there should be no di:isent. Let those island parishes be a unit in this matter. Let the people decide to put shoulder to shoulder ii) this cause, and there will not be found votes enough in the County of Charlotte to leave that island candidate at home. It cannot be expected that an outsider — one whose home, relatives, associ- ations, property, interests, are all on the mainland — feels and takes that interest in the prosperity of the islands thai he takes in his own locality, and those neare" to him than the islands. It is the duty there- fore, of the islanders to be true to themselves, tbeir families and their homes, and no longer remain passive in this absolutely necessary work of polilical reform ; In Charh/ttc- Coiodt/, X'-w Ihtiiisinrk. 1'21 HJf leave ^ectecl ssoci- lud— If the those there- their issive form ; liut uegin to think woll of it, look into it, appreciate tho necessity, and eollectinjnf all their electoral strength t<)<];ether, use it wistdy and well, elect tbeir n\fin, call him out. l>y re(j[nisiiiou as the mau of their choice, and send him forth from that political f )cns, the l;allot-hox, wearinf? the jj^arlaud of victory, to be their month- piece and their reoresentative on Ihe floor of the Lo'-isiatin'O of their coiintrv. There is an end to all thiijgs hle Kates. St. Stephen, N. B. IK^' A.IVr> ttKNTls*' .^ine §old and §ilver*^atches, JEAYELRY, ^INE ^^TKUSCAN t^OLD 0XTS, |0HAINS, m KACELKTS. ; I (.ul)0. Solid Silver and Silver Electro Plated Tea Sets, -Cake Baskets, Butter Dishes, Castors, &c., FANCT GOOS>S, Table Spoons and Forks, Tea and Dessert Spoons and Forks, Parlor Clocks (30 hours, 8 day and 3 Weeks),, &c A FINE LOT OF FOR SALE CHEAP. a. F. PIFDEH, Four l>oors from Bridge , Water street, St. Stephen, IT- B. A()«nt for Florence Seivimi Machine St, Sti'phcn Advartuementn. 127 I take this opportunity of announcing that I have bought out the interest of my late partner in the Tailoring business, and will continue the same business at the old stand, commencing now with a full and well-selected stock of every re- quisite connected with the Tailoring business. All Garments warranted to fit, or no sale. I will keep constantly on hand a good assortment of READ7-MADE CLOTHING AND Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. I have just received a New lot of Fashionable Cloths, which I will sell by the yard or make up to order at very low prices to suit the times. Look for the Sign MAKE NO MISTAKE. Wm Wm&m^fmm Opposite LOVE, CLARK S 00/S DRUG STORE, Water Street, St. Stephen. '•//( 1^ . 128 St, Stephen AdrartiHcmcuts. SHiP&SIfirPAMTER ALSO DEALER IN WHITE LEAD & OIL MIXED PAINTS, Those desirous of doiug their own Painting, would do well to give us a call. Large or small quantities of Paint and Oil furnished as desired. Glazed WizidovT-s A SPli]CIALTY. tai®w ilass ®ff Ml Sties %* ANY OF THE ABOVE FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. ORDERS RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. J. K. L.AFJLIN, Water Street, St. Stephen. Eaatport and CampahcUo Adrcrt-HCnirnt. GRIFFIIT BROE • .)( •11 hi:wm^ lastp@ft^ M© ^t DEALERS IN ^ish, ^ish §ils ^ (gish §uano, AND CURERS OF THE WORLiy REKOWNEJD "FIJST^^AN HADDIES" And 7armouth Bloaters. ALSO, Manufacturers of the Original CAFl All 0IL CLOT llig. FACTOMIES JLT EASTPORT, ME., # CAMPOBELLO, IS. B. Bm 130 Grand Manan AdvertuementH. E. DAGGETT KEEPS AT THE POST OFFICE, North Head, §tg ^aofljs and f rotWonsi FOR SALE \t Prices for Ready Ifloiiey that offer CSreat liiducemeiits to PurcliaMei-w. W O^LXj JLISTID SE3E. Grand Manan, 1876. Magnus Green, Ocuiler lu PROVISIONS AND GROCERIES, HARDWARE, DRY GOODS, fJt Opposite ilie steamboat I^ancIiniK, NOKTH HEAD, - GRAND MANAN. Offers Dry Goods, Prints, Calicoes, Ginghams, Sheetings and Shirtings, Ribbons, Laces, And a l±J iNearly opposite Steamkat Landing, Norlli Head, James O'Briezi, OFFERS GOODS AND PROVISIONlS, FISHERMEN'S OUTFITS, Fishing Gear, Lines, Hooks, Nets, Anchors, AT REASONABLE PRICES, EITHER FOR CAJ^^H OR FI8H. Smoked Fish always on hand, and can he. nhipped to order at all times. Good facilities for Boats JLanding at his New JVharf. North Ilead, Grand Manou. 132 Grand Manan AdveHiscmeids. 1 ^m % 'MSL And a Good Stock of DKY GOODS All of which are sold at the most reasonable prices. Customers promptly attended to. Woodward's Covo, Grand Manan, Sept. 1^76. CALL AT MY STORE And %ou will find all kinds of Goods which make up a large variety of provisions, §roceries, §rockery, yery Cheap for Cash or Good Merchantable Fish. A F«lr ISxohaiiKe Is the Motto of Wy Store. JOHZT FRASER, WOODWARDS' COVE, GRAND MANAN, m lES, 'MF, S. 3 prices. RE :ery, ; Fish. N,