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MMMUnON nSf OMIT 
 
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 t«5J Eoil Uoin SIrMt 
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 (716) lM-MM-Fo> 
 

 AWNLESS BROME GRASS VEBOS WESTERN 
 
 RYE GRASS 
 
 M. O. MALTK, Ph.D. 
 
 been most carefully and laboriously stnHiLl ^ .u ' , f'"'**' P'***' que.tion has 
 ««.tem Farms much ^ wTla id ut^lhe effort' t^'li'^ ^"'^ ^^ !''* ^•"^^'^ «' '^'^ 
 Hnd leguminous forage plants suiible to tL n^u W .^„ ?r'''"%''l«\y'«''«"« «?'«'«•«« 
 of experimente were conducted with a v^w^ ♦ .' ^ ""? °^ **"* ^^''- hundreds 
 suitability of a very gmt .Ilbcr of fSr «nrZu« 'r'""' "^''' ""'^ ^"«"' 
 in different parts of the world Most nf ^l.o L '^ " *"f*** »"'^'» successfully 
 
 of little valuT^ause of thS" baTi unaJk raZtl":'^^^^ T'^' ^'"'«'-' *° ^ 
 tions. The scanty rainfall proved insnffior»nf» ^ themselves to the climatic condi- 
 Canada or on the coast of TrulshTofumbU „Z"'' ""^ -^^ ^"'^ "'''*'»•• '" East«.. 
 others the cold winter provKal. At la t' S w'"*^'!! i"^.""«"tl.v. and to 
 tions two grasses were found that poss^sU tt nt^ a^ nu^alifiof ^^^^^ '"^•^^*''^''- 
 
 to drought and severe cold, excellent vipldi, J.^^^ ^ Qualihcations, viz., resistanrv 
 promising gras«. were A^nC'Sr^lt^^^ ZZCtr^tr^^^^ -'- T"^- 
 
 AW.M.E«S liHOMK CiRAHS. 
 
 tries'^S:^tTe diL'c iriitrnl'l'^^'T •"'/^'" T"^ •-^•"''' ""'-""y •» — 
 is especially valuaWe where chr^e^Tn TV''"''"/'* '^"^ "^ ^^'•«^«'" ^""««1»- I' 
 instance i7the case in i^t^S Ltinrr^Tf T''""^t" ""'^ ^'♦'«*- "" f°' 
 tion in these countri^ aTw^n^f^r thrn« ' 1?* **^ ^"**'"',- ^^^ extensive .-ultiva- 
 which names are oS SS ^Canada ^"*"""' ""^ ^"''"'"' ^'""^ *"*' 
 
 wheriVit:Sli"^oiL^"slXLtiS'f?r,\ '"•«^^" - '"•- -"<> 
 
 to thrive in soil where tC^^Wnt^;^'^ ^""^ ?* moisture. This ability 
 for those paru of Ca;«dI':h;^teliSrii;r""^ ""'" '* '''^'"'''' -^"'^'^ 
 vers^^ t:^- - - -- -Sr ;i -^- - - - - 
 
 DOMZZriON EXPERIMEWTAL FARMS. 
 
 J. H: GRI8DALE, B.Agr., 
 Director. 
 
 0.3372 
 
 M. O. MALTE, Ph.D., 
 
 Dominion Agrostologitt. 
 EXHIBITIOir CmcULAB Ho. 10. 
 
 f Revised January, 191«.) 
 
 mii§iiH 
 
Its raiUbiUtj M • pMtuM fiaM dapends upon two fmoton. vis^ its npid growth 
 and iti abilitgr to stand tnunpinc without beinc injufod. The Utter qoality dapndi 
 kigdy upcm tho poeulUr formation of the root wjttmn, whidi is unA IQw that of 
 OoudigraM. Tha undofround untan oonsiata of a large numbw of ▼ifOfoni rwiMn 
 whidi dmiop in all direotione, grow rapidly, and oonsUntly produce new laavea and 
 items. On aooount of the growth of these runners the Brome grass soon fwms a dense 
 sod and thi<Aens up considerably. With the thickening up the straw becomes slender 
 snd the whole plant finn in tairtara. 
 
 The ana^sis of the grass as reported upon by Dr. F. T. Bhutt, the Dominion 
 Chemist, shows that it is rich in protein and at the same time comparatiTely low in 
 
 flbre. 
 
 On the whole it has proTcn to be one of the most valuable of the introduced 
 grasses, not only because of iu luxuriant growth, its earliness, hesTy aftermath and 
 hardiness, but also because of ito high nutritive Talne. 
 
 The Awnless Brome grsM has, however, also its drawbacks. As indicated above, 
 its undsBground system of creeping and widely growing runners makes it quite similar 
 to Oonoh grass. When once introduced into a field it will, therefore, sometimes be 
 hard to eradicate. This is especially the case in rich, loamy soO. In poorer and more 
 sandy soil the danger of Brome grass becoming a troublesome weed, hard to eradicate. 
 is, however, less pronounced, and in such soil the perfect eradication of the same can 
 be easily effected. 
 
 For the reasons just mentioned, the Brome grass can be recommended for light 
 
 Mil only. 
 
 WESTERN an GRASS. 
 
 As indicated by ito name, the Western Rye grass is similar to the so-called Rye 
 (trasses of Europe, including ''English or Perennial Rye grass and Italian Rye grass. 
 The European Rye grasses which, especially in the countries surrounding the North 
 sea, are of immense importance as hay and pasture grasses, can, however, not be grown 
 •uccessfully in the Prairie Provinces. They are altogether too tender, and even the 
 English Rye grass, which is the hardiest, is not able to endure the hardships of the 
 winter in most parts of the prairies. 
 
 The Western Rye grass is a native of North America, ranging from the Atlantic 
 to the Pacific. In Canada it grows naturally from Nova Scotia to British Columbia, 
 and is, therefore, a grass which can adapt itself to widely different climatic condi- 
 tions. As ito name indicates, it is especially common in the most western parts of 
 North America, ito range extending from the dry belto of British Columbia to Now 
 Mexico and Southern California. 
 
 Western Rye grass makes a splendid growth even where the amount of water 
 available in the ground is rather limited, and is able to endure rather severe and pro- 
 longed drought without being seriously injured. This depends, among other things, 
 upon the fact that the root-system is very strong and that the rooto penetrate the soil 
 to a rather great depth. .... 
 
 Western Rye grass being a native of Canada, there is no danger of it being injured 
 by severe cold. 
 
 Another good quality which makes "Western Rye (trass a most valuable grass in 
 many localities is ito faculty of thriving in a soil holding a considerable amount of 
 alkali. 
 
 Strange to say, the Western Rye grass is very closely related to Couch grass, in 
 fact so closely that it used to be considered a mere variety of the same. It differs 
 from Couch chiefly by lacking the underground runners which make the latter .. 
 troublesome weed. It therefore does not grow in loose mate like Couch grass but in 
 rather dense tufts with crowded stems and shooto. Ito tuft-forming nature is espe- 
 cially well developed in the driest parto of Western North America, where it is one 
 of the principal so-called Bunch grasses. 
 
 tl&IHH 
 
W«t«ii Rn is imfanbljr t hay graM and yidda a Uurte crop eaiwcially in noh, 
 dMp aoiL On dry and Mndy land tha yiald b natorally amalW but oan be nndi 
 incnaaad by aaafnl irrigation. Undar faronrahU eonditiona iU aTaraga yield of bay 
 alnoat eqnak that of Awnlaea Brona graaa. 
 
 Aa a paatore graaa it ia, howarar, decidedly inferior to the Brome graw, prin- 
 cipally baeavaa the aaoond growth ia amall and darelopa rather tlowly. 
 
 aumuowTY or wsamiN rvk oraim. 
 
 ▲ auperfieial oompariaon between Brome graaa and Weatem Rye may aeam to 
 indieate that the form« graaa ia aomewhat auperior becauae ita yield generally i» 
 laqw and beoanae it ia better anited for paatnre. - ^ . .. . 
 
 The general aaperiority of Biome graaa ia, howerer, greatly offaat by iU coucb- 
 lika node of growth. The diffleulty to eradioate it often giTca it the character of n 
 weed that ahoold be guarded againat Thia ia eapedally the oaae in rieh soil. Tn aurli 
 ■oil the Weatem Rye ia docidodly preferable, eapecially when a crop of hay ia looVed 
 for. It ia alao to be pre f erred on irrigated aoil. 
 
 PublithMi by authopity of Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, Minirtor of Agriculturo, Ottawa, Ont.