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 '^,7,^^^-- 
 
MCROCOTY KSOIUTION TEST CHA«T 
 
 ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 7 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.8 
 
 11.25 iu 
 
 1.6 
 
 ji /APPLIED IM/IGE Inc 
 
 

 ■"\ 
 
Sf^KIES „ No., 
 
 The ijnjvys;:-' ■ ' 
 
 Site.Ot;TCAr:'l^liIt\KV OF CANADA 
 
 KOBEHT HELL, Ml)., s.D. ,( a.st.,i,), [J.D.. K.H S. 
 
 MmEKAf. RESOURCES OF CAXADA 
 
 # 
 
 SALT 
 
 Htprint of Arli.fe in Atniva/ K'p„rt „J Ih,- ^^trlion of Mines Joi I'.xu 
 /'art S. Vol. XV. 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 PRIXTEIJ \',\ S. K. D.WVSD.V, 1-IUNTKK TO TMK KlViiS M.ST 
 
 KXC'Kr,LKXT M \.] KSTY 
 
 1901 
 
 N. . 859. 
 
 i.. 
 
I' 
 
 I' 
 
 i 
 
<iKiil.uiii( u. St ':\K> OK Canada, 
 
 Ottaua, .laruiarv 
 
 J, I'JUI. 
 
 To l)f. KoiiK.iiT Mkm., LI,. It., K.U.S., .vc, 
 Acting Diiei'toi. 
 
 Slli; Tlip following puniplil.^t dealing with thf salt industry ami 
 Silt li.'Ms of Canada is rf'piinted from the Annual Report of the 
 Mines Seition for 1901', eonstituting Fart S. Vol. XV, .V.S , of the 
 Annual IteiKirt of the ()eolo.>.'ical Survey Department. 
 
 Pursuant to a poliey suggested some years ago and now carried out 
 with your permission, this report is one of a series of similar hulletins 
 intended to gixe in condensed and popular form, information regard- 
 ing the mineral resources and possil.ilities of the country, together 
 with any data regarding similar occurrences in other countries when 
 such may seem to Ije of use to prospectors and operators in Canada. 
 
 I am, sir, 
 
 Your ol)edient servant. 
 
 Minks SEfiiov. 
 
 KLFIUC DREW IN(;ALL, 
 
 Milling Eiiginein- in C/imy 
 
 I.l 
 
s A 1.4^ 
 
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 'I'll.- .■\p.irls ,.(■ -ih, uhich aiv of siiiall aiiioiini, ai, -ii.Avn n, T.hi.' 
 No. L'. Tallies No., .'i and I .-how tluMpi.inlii irs .mil \ali!r-..f th.-ilt 
 import. .ll. Th," valiipof tl|.. sail iinpoit.-l, on whi.h ,. i-u-t.ii"i, ,iui\ 
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r. kIuot" 
 
 fiF,OI,0<;I<AI. sl'liVKV OK CANADA 
 
 San\' I I'.uv Mill> ('(. 
 
 (•Inrl;ili I I l.r.V Salt Co 
 
 y.UiX.m Salt Wnik^C... 1. 1^1.. •'. V. .M"rrH 
 
 ralkliill Sail ('..., A. K. M.Klnin, 
 
 Kxrtii Salt Wi.ik-. r,, . .1. 1). Carliii/. S.'cv . 
 
 ll.llsall Salt Wi.ll-. i;.... Mi'l-'.ual. 
 
 I. I'. C.il.liiali 
 
 Siri'M "lit. 
 
 Wmi «!,■!, 
 I'arKliill 
 Ka. I. 1 
 
 .llr.,-,-,ll 
 
 ^c ,,f,,ii!. 
 
 I,al,.' Ilurnii MiiM Manil..l.a Milliii;.- IV.., I.M,. I'. A. NUi;:.u. 
 
 S..,r..taiy .. . •: 'l""l' 
 
 i;. \ .1. I!ari-li.l.l r.inf,,,. 
 
 (I|..-!atilik' til'- t■.|l..^uh^' pi lilt- 
 
 (• triiilit Salt \\..rk- , (Vimtri^rlit Unr, 
 
 l.q.l. 1..11 S,lt \V,.,K- 
 
 I 'lint. '11 
 
 N..rtl, .\iii.ri.aii f!i. al >'■■ . i;..ii.ricli 
 
 i;.,.i.iu!i >.ilt w.ti^ 
 
 r.iii-...i. s.it w ..IK- . . r.iu"i-!..< 
 
 (1iiil..ii S.ih \\'.iU-. . I. .1:11 M.i;,ir\.i ■ 1".' 'ii 
 
 M.ii.| in-i -^ill WmiI,.. .I..!iii S. I'l.itT i;...l,.M..i 
 
 ■n„- lir. y. ^■ ■■><:.■ \ S|.,.iliiii;|-.,.,..l ' int . I/. I.. I'.<-. Spaihi,^, Win.'!- ■,, 
 Tl,.. Ui,.:ni.. i'.-..|.l. ■■■ S.ill A S ..1,1 r.... 1,1 I., -li.... ■r.lliii.-, S.r,, Kir .■•: i.i,, 
 \l\ .„'n! ;i...\ . 1 
 
 Till: Salt 1»kim-iis i < 'anaha. 
 
 Til" t'.illiiwiii,,' fxtcii. It'll iiitirl.. Iia< Imtii i'iv|.:iM.il 1(_v Mr. |l. ni- a- a 
 re.snlt of his i.b-cfViitii 111-1 in tlie ( Mil^ui'i Silt, lirlil MJi.|il«-iiiriai"l iiy 
 n't'('ii.|n.'i. til ilic a\iul,'(liit' litcriUiai. i-t' ilir .-niliji-ti ; 
 
 .\l'li.uij;li a -m,'ill aiii'iiiiit of sill lin^ i.. ..;i |ii.i i'lct'il in (':iii,.(i!,i t'luiii 
 ii;iti:tii', liiiiii' -[iiinL."- ill Ni'w l!ii.iii-u I'k aii'l M ani'i.l'i. liii-i. tiiti r- 
 iiiis...s toiin i|iiiti. i luiii'ir fiviuirc of tin' inihi^lry. In t!,i'~i' ■i-ov, tl:i' 
 saiiiiiiv of llir -.I'lini; scoiiis to la' liuf tc tlii' !'',-u.hiiii.' "Ul i'V firnnla! 
 in:4 siirf.icc V ,iti'is, of salt s 'altert'il tliiuiii^li till" fniiii,ition .is siii.iil 
 ,,u^rc:,';itiiiiis fiml isnlatcd ory^tals. The iii-.'sciirc nf such sj.i iii','s inu-1 
 not lln'ii-fiic be (aki'ii tu n^.^i'-s.-ifily imlirali' tin' jin.-i.ii.' ■ of i.\t(Misi\ .■ 
 
 -ill lirpo^itr^. 
 
 Till' (.(luntn's rliicf re.soinvf in llii~ risptHt onsists of thi. ~,ilt lii'ii- 
 luul'TlyiiiS laPf,'!' arfas in i Ititaiio. ailja.jfnt totli^ iM.'tfn, -lioics ..f 
 l/ikt' Huron, Till' trrritoiy, -.i l,.ir [hom.iI, has ,in afi'a of a|ipriixi 
 ■iiitcly -J,."!!!!) si|iiai'(' mill- fronlini,' on tlir slion. of thr l.ikr I.i-Iwitl 
 Kiii'.anliiio .iiiil I.iki' l-'.ri'-, ''inil ir.'H-hini,' inl.-'ii'l ,it its ;.'rc'ili'^l ln'i'iuith 
 1 . ,1 ili--laiiri" of .ilioiil 111 mill.-. 
 
 The lulls of rofk-salt owe thrir ori,;,'iii ti a pron'ss of -filiinriitatioii 
 and ili-posilioii piodincd hy tin" siirfai.|' evaporation of hoijie- of saline 
 water ; sneh proiess lieinj; eoinpaLilile lo that wliic.|i pro'lii.e- in wain, 
 eliiiiatos -alt hy .solar evaporation from sea water or oilier lniiies 
 Thi- is at ppsent L,'oihg on for inslniue in the Di'ad Sen, in the (ire.at, 
 
SK( I |cl\ l^^^ MINKS S) 
 
 Suit liiki'Mtl i.ili iiiiil 11, iii_v i.tli.T l)()'lic~ i.i w.itfi- witlmut milli'ls, s m ; 
 wlifie th<' (|iiaiiii' , ,.t Witter iiMiiM:ul_v<li-^cliiiri:r,| iniDtiiein, liy stic!ipn> ,,,, ^,^,, 
 lioliliiii^ silts ill •*cjliiti()ii, is li'sv tliaii tlic siiitj.r .'iiiHiratioii. A simi 
 liir result Imiipeiis ii, tin- ,-,isf ot l.asiiis aiiii Imvs >.n ilic s.m c(«ist cul 
 
 oil' t'l-uiii till" iii:nii ixi.iy cit ill ciui l)y siiniM.ui s. ,i, , Sui li .nm-fn 
 
 tijitioiis i.t' s.ili w.itfi- Hii.l .■vi'iilii.ii (lr|)()sii.ioii- t'riiiii llic -..itiirat.' I 
 
 brines are kii.nvii to h.ive iikrn pl.i.e i s( of tl,( ;;iM,l,,;;iral [.eiiiids 
 
 from th.- Siluiijiii ii|i t.. ill,, pn^ent I iiiie, ;;iMii;; ne to lii.' I».l~ ( ,t' 
 roi'li sail uliich nri toiiiid in t'oi illations of \ariniis ai;es. 
 
 I'r.tiM (111- vei y nature ol tl;,. i,io.|.. ,,l ,lr]„.sitioii ot l»iK . .t' ro-k salt, 
 
 It .-an e.iMlv lir iiii.|er,st.,.„l tliat tli.-y ,-,,nii..t ) .\|if,lc,l tcp I..- pure 
 
 so.lniiii i-liloiicl,., Kveii llir jMUv-t ones .liuays .(mtaiii ■.tln-i s,..lts 
 wliieli iniy lir .-la-siti.-.l ;, •iii|,iini|.-., Mieh as sul|iliates anil .loMrides 
 ot . alriiuii, |iot,is>iuiii and ina;inesiiiiii 
 
 '" ~ '■ l''l'' - ot the vv,,ild llie -alt depo-it- o(viir un,!. i -■i.li 
 
 tav .iiraMe ,-.,iidii i,,n- and ar, -o pui.' thai ilir r... k -alt is inm.-d and 
 r-Mioved in the -,,lid -tate, N,, ..peiatioii- .t ihi- kind .ire. however, 
 eairiel on in Canela Where i he sail isinix.-.l v. itli layeis ..t' loek. 
 :;yp-iiiii. eir.. or i- hurled .u e,val depth-, another lao.le ot evtia.t i.,n 
 '- '••■-ort.d to. Well- ,,r l.,.i,. hole- are -iinU to t he -alt, i,ed-, fie-li 
 ualei- 1- let down and .liter di-oK in- i|„. , ait. i- pumped up in the 
 torm of hrine ; or in eei i.-oii , .1-, - t he « .iti.r iiiliil ra' inu ilir.aitjh the 
 roeks i.i i.'^ siitlic-ient ipi intily to he taken ad..iniiue .,1 a- -oUent. i'.o'li 
 netliods are foll.iwed in the (Mitiri.i ti.ld. 
 
 I'lire water a' ordinaty tenipeiatiire di-solve- soniewhii nioi.- th.in 
 one i.liird its wei^dit of -all, or from thirty ti^e 1,, ihirty -i\ hun- 
 dredths. .\s iisult- of expel iiiient- It appear- that Imi parts oy 
 weii;hl of pure saturated lirini-.it teinperal ures of from .ll' to ~i> iaiir 
 eiiheil eoiilaiii from L'l'. A t.i L'h 7 parts of -alt. the sp..oilir ;,'ia\iiv of 
 Ihe brine heiti- 1 •Jti.-, .-u Co Kiluvuheit. The -aloinel,.| ni in-ini 
 ment used to i'w tie laiue of thi' brine- i- ..n .eaometer viith .m 
 arbitrary si-ale nil whieh '.I 1 epre-eiiis t h,. d.n~ii v of pure w.itei and 
 |(I0 the den-iiy ,1 -.clur.iled l.iiiie. both .It .1 teuipir it lire of I'.O !•■. 
 'l"he hill. .winn table i;i\es. in thelir-l eolumii, the deoree ,,f the -a|,,- 
 ineter : in 1 he spmnd the ,le..'iee of I'.ium. aeromet.f, whiih is a 
 liylrdtiieter with an aibiti.iiy -,-al. . the thii'd eoluiiin t he ti lie speeitir 
 ^.-nivity . the foiii ih. til,, part- of salt 111 I'ld ,,,■ (|„. |„.j|„, ^ ,(„, ,|,-,|, ,||,, 
 numlier of gailiiiis of brine lepiired for on,, bushel .,f salt. .\- m.iv be 
 seen tlnsi. two last <.oluinns are ba-ed on the suppusit i,,n that .1 satur- 
 ated brine eontains -Ji'. ", of salt, whieii is theipiaritily aiii\e(l at 
 ihl'iUL'h the fu'lher e\pei iiiienis mi -alt -olutioii-. 
 - II. I - 
 
 ii 
 
l-.l- 
 
 lu 
 
 .KOI.OlilCAI. SI RVKV OK CAWPA 
 
 Eftrlier experiments gave as results -J"! 7 iiiid foniierly tiililf.s wen- 
 calculated on that basis. From a practical -,tan(ll.oiiil, liowcver, il is 
 a question whether the earlier tabli's are not more a<curate it' tlie 
 slif;ht amount cf impnritics present in the brine is taken into account — 
 
 : S:il.iiii.-t.'i 
 
 S|-i.tl. 
 
 I'. 1 ..1,1 .1 
 
 -.lit. 
 
 (;.,ll..ii- ..1 
 I '.1.11.' f..i .1 
 
 I.M-I,.l ..1 -,lll. 
 
 ^\ 
 
 1 HI 
 1 .".'. 
 
 1 i")7 
 
 1 HI" 
 
 1 111.11 
 1 .Vlii 
 
 I'.j'.i 7 
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 :irj 7 
 
 
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 1 1117 
 
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SI;CriON OK MINKS 
 
 11 
 
 As may Im- (ibsorvcl l.y a rcmpiu is.m ut tlie ,il,o\v tallies of pi(idu<- 
 ti'.n, th.. .|u,-mtity of salt iiiip.itted into (.'anada .it pics.Tit, roughly 
 spcakiiii; is double tlu- amount pioiluied in the country. Tliis is not 
 "wiiil; to a la.k of snunvs fn.m wliiih th.> whole of the consumption 
 -..uld be derived, but is due to the fact that salt is produce.l more 
 cheaply in Knuiand, from which country the greater proportion of the 
 imports cume. 'i'hi.s is probably because the extensive salt d.'posits 
 nt Oheshiie are in close proximity to the coal supply use.i fur the 
 .•vaporati(,n of the brine, and aKo on account of ih- che.ipness of 
 labour, .\s a measure ot protection and help to the Canadian fishery 
 industry, the salt imported tnr its use is admitted free of duty, 
 and as v,;y |,,w freight rate-, acro.ss the .Vtlantir ,;in be (.btained, salt 
 being can icd as return freight .and bidl.ist, the wh,,le .Vtlantic sea 
 board trade is nioriop.,li;^ed by Kni,'li>h s.ilt. 
 
 Inapap.-ron the ■ I lo.l.ricli Salt liegion,' published i„ V,,|. V. „£ 
 the American Institute of Mining Kngincers, !),■. T Sterrv Hunt 
 draws a coinpariM,,, betwe.m the (b^lerieh salt ,in,l the rucjoalt ut 
 Cheshire. England, the must productive Held of Creat l!rit,dn. The 
 sample of Cana.lian salt was broken off the core of the diamond drill 
 hole put d,,v,n l,y Mr. Attrill. l'ie,.es nf eijual s,,,. wore taken fr.Mi, 
 each linear foot nf the white translucent portion, me/iMiriiig ten feet, ot 
 th.' second bed of .salt which has a total thicknevs .,f l.'.". feet t inches 
 
 The analysis of English salt made by |»r. (irace Cilvert for .Messrs 
 Kietchei ,v Itigby, i> taken from a report to the hritish Hou-e of 
 C(unmon^, in 1.--7.;, and is of -Crushed Marston rock .-^alt. 
 
 Ihe two malyses .ire respeotivilv as follows : 
 
 l'M..,;.l,...t -n.lii 
 
 ei..-iutn 
 
 >!lli.li.,le ..I llllll- .... 
 
 JM-^iiuii!.- Ill u.it. j 111: I -( 
 
 Deducting the moisture in both cases, ihc a mts ot impurities in 
 
 Ihe two -alt, .are, (;oderich. iiL';!4 percent, fh.^h.M, _• C; pe, cent : 
 that 1-, the Knell,]; ,;,|, contains eleven times more Impurities than the 
 (.'anadl.in --alt. 
 
 In the fobov.ing brief deseripc.n ot the -ourees of .-.,!t in Canada, 
 Ihe deposits are taken up in thei, -eouraphical order, from east to 
 weM, irrespective of tie ir importance from a rommereial ■.tandpoint. 
 
 if 
 
 Ij 
 
 wr-im^. 
 
# 
 
 I 
 
 S\i I. 
 
 I.. I-.,! 
 
 I -J i.K'tl.iicK \l. >l li\ l.V in I \\ M'\ 
 
 In tlif iir..viiii('s u( Nova S,utia and Ni'w Uiiiii-iw iok, im dipo-its ,,{ 
 ruik salt liavf l)fi'ii divii.N.icd, liiil niiiiK'iinn sail springs lie liiw>\Mi, to 
 exist llie 1. lines ot' wliiili fiiilld 1m" eMipoiited for salt. These s|'riiif{s 
 aie as a iuIp found in tlie iiei'.'hl)Oii|-lioi><l "t the t.'ypsiuii deposit-.. Sunie 
 ha\el>peii noticed at I'oinniieis. Simtli iiM^i, lliierly l.nK.k, .Nddiiiu'tmi 
 Kork-, Sprini; Hill, and .>lllci' place-. 'I'liey ;;eneinlly take their 
 soiiice in the iMci^-iires i,t' l.^wci ( 'ail)onit'eM.us a^i: 
 
 Th.' inaiiiifacliire nt v i th.'-e i,r;ri.- ha- iecn alt-inpt.d at 
 
 scleral place-. Init 111 ii'i ca-' 'Me- ii si'.aii t.. h ivc hccii M-ry siic-ce--t'iil. 
 
 11, f the liist attempt- wa- -nadc at .Sil; .-^priii-s. ,,n ihe W .-st 
 
 ii\ei ot I'icl.iii. in |Sl:l. The picciicc. ..l' Imnc o.i/.ini,' out at the 
 siirt'aci' was taken as cvidcnc.' of the picseicc i.t' a i.m k salt lied "ilhiii 
 
 easv .access, Mild in the Im] f ivachini,' it a sh.tt wn- -link ahmii -'O'l 
 
 t'ecl without any result-. > year- hit. a the luiiic it-.'lf wa- ii-.-d in 
 
 the nianul.icUire -t' -alt. 
 
 Sdhii- tiiii ly yc.ais a;^'i .1: .\ nl i;;c>ni-li \illane, llic Nm.i Scotia. ■<, ill 
 Woiks and I'.xpa.iation t'.iinpany put down .1 '...relio'c wheir the 
 railw.iv st.ation iio« -t.ands. Al a dei>th ol ahoiit l.'i'.i tc^t. attcr 
 penct 1,1 till'.' .-i-ht en ('• el ot uypsum, a tiow of pure -Iron.' luinc 
 wi- -.tailed. .\ plant wa- ciceted for tiie produition of -nit. and 
 a con-i.leral.le ipi anlily *a- iiianiifa. turcd. inr lie liriiie e\ .nt a.illy 
 
 liecaiue weak-i. f' MLiinal -tiea'.'th ha\in- lie 11 alii.iM :'.'i of the 
 
 -aliiioiiieter. .\iioihei 1 leliolc was -uak. lial without -:il i-i.a ' o, v 
 ic-ull-. .and the eiitiipii-e w a- aliaiidi"ii-d. 
 
 ,\t I'.lack I'.iook, ( 'iniihei land county, the hi ine of a spiiii^ u 1 ii-ed 
 
 toi -oine ti Ill the Ml itiufa<l ilie ,,f -all for hoil-e iisi'. 
 
 .\t Spring' llill a liriiie w.i- toiin.l i. rdiii;; ".U to :',.". ..; 1 he 
 
 -alinoinet.'r . tin- mi- al-o the ol.|eet of ,111 alleiiipt lo ni.aiii.ta. 
 Mir,, -alt. 
 
 Ill Neu r.ruii->w. k. -.lit -pi lU'j- ire i^iiown loe.\i-l in the u. inity of 
 .Sii--. N and at Sih -priiiL; I'aook. hotliin Kiiii;- county, and on tla- 
 Tola. pie ii\er in \ eioria .ouiity. riie-' -p-in;,'- li,i\e then - > e- 11, 
 
 I he I .o\\ er ( ' It ' oliifer 'U- , ock-. 
 
 Ill ih.' known -laini.;-. tiic .Su-s.'\ one- . 11 e the nio-t nii].ortaiit 
 and liiey are uoiked intermittently, the pi..dii.M i.eiiiL; ii-cd locally. 
 These -priiiL!- were lirst operated .ahoiit 1 m I y, ar- a^'o. Tlii'le 
 are half a do/en -piiti:;- wiihina radius of aipiaiterot 1 uiilc. 'I lie 
 hriiie record- :;il . Iiiallca-cs u ork i- con.iii. ted in open pin .iiid 
 Wood is n-ed for fuel. 
 
-KilluV r,| V||M.> 
 
 I.J 
 
 At >.nin,i. Kit,-- ,..M,,i\,a l.nri.. <-.,il,., i..,| hum ,i l„,ir |„,1,. ."-.O^,,, 
 
 l>- I ilc.ji, win,. tli.' t'..l|.,^\ 11," II -lilt-. 
 
 I., l-.-i'- 
 
 l'^.t.-n.,,,,!,!., 
 S..,|,iii,. 
 
 MlLT.l.-i 
 
 ■jii ir. 
 
 i>;i.. in 
 
 'I'll- .Ull.v-i- A ,. iii.i.i,. ■„ ||„. i,il„,r,t.,ly .,1 11,, (;.,,l,,-i.Ml >111V,V 
 
 of < 'iiii.i la. 
 
 '" ''"' pf'^iiH- I.I i,„v\..-. ,.iil,.,nj, ,1,,.,,. j. „„ ,i(,ui„laiir,. ,,t 
 iiiit"'f.ii spun:..,, „,„„■. ,Mh,. kimuu ..i,., aiv -ui!,-.! i , , |„. m.nu^i,. 
 till., nt r.,iiiiiiMi, .ait. Tl,,,.,. i„ uliifii th.. |.n,i,,iil,,i, ,,f MMliuir 
 (hi. 11-1(1. ■ hii'^hl li.' Mill|.-i,.|ii, .■.,iit lii, tiin iiiuili ...irlliv riilmic!. -, 
 
 TIf :'..vii,., ,,i (li,i.u„, K r..s|..,i-. il,|,. t-,,r .li,i--l lh..t.il;ii ('ai:acli;ui 
 1.1.. lu.lioi, ,,r salt. 0.- ,.v..I.!i.,n. Iicm^' iusigiiill. ,,,,t ..uaiiti. :,... .„aiiu 
 t'a.tuiv I iii'..iiiiif..iitly I'r.iiii nattira' ;,riiii,'s u,y L.al ii-' only 
 
 lii.' <l<-[i.iMt. t,..i,, ui,i, !, ii,i- ..Ui i. ni,tain..|. aie i,,ui,.l w, a l.asii, 
 al..i,^ t!,. ra^hTii s!i„iv „t' l.aki^ llui.iii. n:r: an.l lak,- ,Si. Clair ami 
 l>.-tiuit liver, ami fi.nii pui „t tlf ()ii.,i, la-a t'nniiali.m ,t Niliiiiai. 
 
 •■''-"'■ '!"'tii >t ill.' t'.>nii;iti..n is .Irrivoil ti..iii 1 !ie rnuiit v . .t ' Hu.ii 
 
 ila-a it. ill.. Mat.. ..t New V,,rk, wlii.i,. .Ii,.,,. nick-i w.i,. i;,>t -iiuli.-.l. 
 Ill lliis -111,, ilii.; roiiiiali.iii In.l t.irali.iiM tm,,. i„.,.|i kii.iwn in !„. 
 salit..i..us, thi..iuli til.- i.ifM.iu-.. .,t -a!ii„. .|,ii„^. In fa,--. i„ ij,,. 
 ■' i:.-lati..iis ,,t tlic .l.-Miits a- tar l.i.k a- MM, in.nii.iii i, i,i,t,l,. „{ 
 
 an (M-.-iiM, .,.,..,. ,,|- ,,il, .[.niij,. ,„ ,;„. Ca,,,, , i i,„„„|,.,oa, an.l tli, 
 
 lii-^t r.....!.! ..t .:u{ Ml mut'a.-tut. .1 in that n ■,:iiiii. ilai.- Iia. k I.. 1 7-<s tViiin 
 
 salt sprin-v, t!i.. ...ur-... ..fwlii. h i>tii.-< si.ia-a t'-.iiii,iti..M. It u.isii.,t 
 
 '""'• '■"'■'' ''I" '111- t..:matiim was <li-, ,n ,.i , il ;,, la' >alil'..M.ii- in 
 ''"■' ''"■ 'ii-<.-"'..'tv was 1,1,1,1,. ac,-i,l..i, tally, n...ai th- t..wn ,.t 
 
 <;i..|.Mi. li, in I li.i,. I, .i.. wlil,.|i V. ,s i...|„^, ,,|,||^ ,„ .,.,i,,.!i ,,t ,,i|, a,,,,; 
 *''i'!' " ' ''■I'll "t : '11 f..,.t. stiu.k r..ik-alt. T\.,' \,.,viu- wa- .-,.n- 
 tiliu.-.i I.. I.iilii t..,.l.,n.l in that ,'■ tan.-.- pas~. ,i t !ir.,ii'.|, :1m f,., ',,,' ,,,,1^. 
 salt 
 
 l-'.ir ..-v. .la; \(M.- ill,' -alt .l..p,,its w.-r,. ,upp.is.-,i t,, i... ...nlln.-il t.. 
 
 111.- L-..unli..s ..t l!ru,.,. ,1,1,1 ||iir,,i,, but tliry li.u.. ,,t' l.ai.- \,.ais l„'-ii 
 l'.-..-..;;iii. -.1 1,, ...xfn.l -,,iiti, as la, .■,- K—.x .-.iH lily ; t li.- „i, .st imi-nr 
 tarit salt w,,rks in ilin.iri,, li.-m- ii.iw l,„Mi,.,i at Win.ls,., h, th,. 
 !iwil..-i<al ,.,,liiiiin ill.- iin.m.laL'a, ,ils., ,all..,l .-^aliiia -i,.up, is .,...,, 
 
 
 1.1 
 
 .'3 
 
* 
 
 > M I 
 
 II 
 
 • .KOI.KHICAI. >n(VKV <>► ( \s\\>\ 
 
 to I).' (ivi'iliiid liy thf Coiiiifi'ii'us and und.iliinl \>y the (iuclpli foi 
 inatioii. Its outcroii riosses into Caniidu from llio atate of New York 
 ai till' Niayiiru river, whciictj it lias a nortli west direction lo Lake 
 lliirnii. [i dii^ to the siiutli west at a very slight aiii,'le, so that i.y 
 Woiiiiu' it i-i easily reaclied all alonu' the we-t shon- of the Oiitai.. 
 peiiiiiMili. mh\ on the opjiosite -,hore in .Mi<hij,"ni. Tlie » )iiondai;.i iii 
 . ludes, Ivolh in <"aiiada and N»w York, l.eds ot ;;y|.Mim whuh ^n. 
 worked .il ni' the outirop. 
 
 Prof, .lame- llaU in hi- " ( ;,.,.lojj;y ot the 4th Dislri./t" ;,'ivr, the fol 
 lowin;; d -ciiplioM ot tlie.'^alina ..r ( (nondai^a formation ; "Sur,-eediiu 
 thi' Niau'ar.i ^roiipi- an iminen-.e(levelo|iinenl of -hales ,u.d marls with 
 -halv lim.-ton, - in.l'iilm;; sein- and lieils of uy|.-um. The tjeneral 
 .■olour i- ashv. apinoacliin- .hali«ilh -ome {jorti. ns of dai K lilui-h 
 ^reiMi. The 1. in-, r part isofdee|iied w iih s[iot> of •;iei>ii. Sureeediiij; 
 thi>. whrr.' protec'led fioio at inM-pherit- inlttietircs, the roi-k i- lilm- like 
 ..rdinarv iiiii.' elay-, with h.iiid,^ ot rid ..i-lnown This liortion ami 
 that -iiereedin^ il air nit. ii f,'i<'en .iiid -|i.tt.-d, iini contain -'Miii-i o. 
 lihrmi- j-psMin. atid -mail iii.i— c- of icldi-li -cleiiite .Lrid c.mi.act :,'y|i 
 sum. i'loiii ihi- !• I.e. Ill, It- ;;iadually more aiay with .i ihin stratum 
 .if cla\c\ limestone, w!ii. h i- s,,i.ielim.. . .lark. th.iiii.'h ijen rally ..I the 
 siiiiir c.il.Hir a- ill.- -iiM.iiiiidiiJi.' mass. I'h.- foiinatioii ti rmlnatc^ up 
 wur.j with a ::r.i\ or ill all limestone .-.illiMJ l.y \anii\iii' the • ii,.iL'ne 
 -iaii ilcp.,-it, rhi> -ii,..'.— i.in wa- ..f .■.mr-c j;:,thcici| fr.im the out 
 
 crops of the toiinaiioii. hence no i..ik -alt wa- toiind in it ; ..n .icciiint 
 .if it- -..liiljilil V ill.- iiiiiici.d c.innol lemiiii at the .-iirtac.-. It wa- 
 kli.iwn. h..we\cr. even in-fore I he a. til il iliscovcry of Ink -ah thatllli- 
 t.illiiati.in w.i- th.' -oun-e of the -all -prin--..f 1 he countic- of I Inori 
 la-^.! aid l'avU;,M. a- meiit i..ii.-.l Ic. Vanuxem m hi- '- < ieolojjy of the 
 'hiid li-'iii-t of New ^'ork . lull It wa- oidy in If*"-, that, isinoi-. 
 ih.in t uci\e ye:ii-s ;itter the di-co\i-ry of the ( iodi rich salt depo i' , 
 •!iai t-o.-k salt w .i- -tni.k in the -tate ..; New "t'ork. ill tic- county "t 
 Wvoiniiii;. .\- III tlie .ase of lh>' (.'anadian .ieposit il w.i- foiiiid ac i 
 .i.-titalii ill tie- ciiiii-e of ,1 lioiiiiL' for nil. 
 
 .\- niciiiion.'d alio\e. tl iit,|-.ip ..f tin- i iiii.iidaua in ili.-Si.iie i,i 
 
 New \>nk run- parallel I., tin- -hole of l,d>.- Unlaii... .lii'i .iitei- 
 ,-„n.e|;i it tin- Niiii;.u.i river, II- thi.kne-s ln-ie i- e-tiinal.-.i .it 
 
 „.| A 1 -JOO ,inl ioofei'l. Ill the ( ;ciil.,:;y of Cana.l.i I --let. Hic f . - 
 
 jovv in- -holt .le-ciiplion of the rock- at tlie outer, .p i- -l\cn - Tie 
 -\pisui.' ..f ih.- ' Ir.iiiida'.'a fi.iiiia! ion in <'anada. -■ f.ir ex.-imine.l, 
 ;ippear t,. he|..n;i . hietly re the upper porti.in-. from the -uminit 
 :., a little helnw- 'he L'vp-um liearini; li.'d- Tii..-e j.ori inn- . . m-is' .if 
 
>i< iio\ 1)1 MINK.- ir, 
 
 l"l"iiiil. > ,in.| -,,tt .•! Mint, III,- shalrs, wlii.h Kir -,v,.i,i,|, anil Mmi.'tiin.-. ^ ,, 
 
 iirk bii.wn or l,|,iisl, j,, ,„i„„,., ,1,1,) „,.« „,tcii .l..l.miiti. , Tlir dolo 
 Miites are ino-tly of ,, y.-ll„«isli brown or .Irab .•olour .,ml ;ue In bcl- 
 
 vhiuli -.|,l,.iii cxr,.,,! ,i toot ,n (liirkm-s. Th.-v oft,M. exhibit tli- 
 v.-'iculiir or l.'ntlrular .M\iliH. J,,.! ,l,.s,i lb..,!. Soino l.e,N of ,1 blui-,li 
 
 "'"'°'''' "'■'■ ■■'''" t wi'l' : ^'>iil many of ;|,.. ,nala boil, :,bov,. a.i.l 
 
 i"'lou i|„. (,'yj.Miiii, ooMtaiii snol, ,1 proportion ot ,!ay ii- makr tli,-i„ lit 
 t"i liyiliaiiiir (.I'lncMt. 
 
 ■■The l,e.|. of j.yps,i,„ air ,„.x.-r .onlinno,,. r,,r ioi,:- ijistam'..- but 
 ii'[M-ara- (l-tarhr.| Imtu-iilar or .|o„„. likr ,„av-e. ■ ihe -trata abovr 
 
 ImMm b.„i,r airh,.,| ,A,.r an,i often l.rokrn, ui,i|,. il,„„. UOow coiislituf 
 ■in ev,.,, u.,ili>turbe,l lloor Thr .«y|.Min, i- int.-r >I ratiti. ,1 with thr 
 I'.lo.Mlt,. an.i ,,flrn -^rparate.! by lie.ls of it. TIm- layer^ of i-vp.suin 
 •u,.y -.Ho-time. .•M,-n,| fora .piarter of a imlr, 1,„| thryha^.. aiwav- 
 
 " ''"'""'• ■'" »'"l<iii>-'. ■■■' b'' l.'ntirul..rlr, lorm. aii.i lo «riwiuallv th'in 
 
 ■It. until liu- -t,,,M abow a,rllK,low il„. ,„.,.-,.-, .o,,,,. In omtart. 
 I'tii- prcillii,' -•111 •till-,. u'i^->ri... lo inonn.l-. ,.|, thr <„rfaoe : whirl, are 
 •r-ar.le I by thc^ inhabitants, a- imlieal !\r of <>„■ |ar„.|ir.. ,,f wp-iini 
 
 • ne.-itii. 
 
 A- vli...wi 01, tl,r maj. aro.iiipai,\iiir thr Ceoiogy of ("aiia.la I'^i;.;. 
 lb'' .aitirop ..i thi. lowest beds of tliesr rorks afirr rntrrinr Canada at 
 . I point iir.i, Chippawa wlla-e, folh.ws alon- a line p.iiallel to tlie 
 !,.ke .sl,.,rr t.i I point some two miles north ot Urintford. I'lom hrre, 
 ;', follows a (bn-rti(,n north north-west as far .1- thr southrTi, pan .,f 
 ■h<- town hip of .\i„abel, where it t ikr- a -harp turn and -,h-s unor, 
 •hr ua'r,s,,f Likr Huron. At a!iuo,t an\ pla. r in that part of t he 
 pr.\inrr of ( liitari,, wr,t of this boundary, thr i,,r,|..urrs .,f thr ( In-n 
 .l,ii.M r.ii. br I,..,, hr,l l,v l.orr hoirs ,,i v.,:io,i- drpii,s aftei p. nrtratiiii; 
 "ip.ii^li thr ,,^rllyll.L' birmatioii.- Hut of 1 his dr', elopinrnt , , ,|,U a 
 limited p.iil r^ ..ah brariiii.' I'or .■, Ion;; tiiiir after thr <lisrowry.,f 
 I'M' sah brds. thr -alifrious drposits sv , , r tliouuhl lo lir liniiteil to 
 thr ruuniir- , ,f llur..ii aie' liru.^e. and il was ..nly in l."^| ihii; it <*:,< 
 
 • lisrowird ihii thr salt b.isin e.xirndr.l -.,ulli to Couitn-ht. and -.,ni.' 
 
 • i:;lit years iairr, -all was strurk at Wind-..! in l",ssr.\ rountv. 
 
 1 be liiiiits ot th,. -ilifrM.iis area ,1- it lion stand- pro\rd air .•••,rii 
 furthei' on 
 
 It was in l.-t;.", thai the salt beds «err lir-t -.truck in therouisrot 
 
 I borini; foi oil ai ( bidiTirh, Huron rounly and durin- sevnal years 
 
 tollowin;; tills liist disrovery .-i errtain number of wflK w.rr suiik in 
 
 ..■irioiis plares iro.nd the town, but ihe ino-f important to tlirow IJuhl 
 
 on thr s|,.itir,aphiral se.pienre of thr n-i.'ion. was the chamoiid drill 
 
 , |„„,t-. 
 
 >.• i 
 
If. 
 
 i.Klil.lllilCAI. I in K.V ^l^■ l\\ M'\ 
 
 11 ,.,,.,1, 
 
 Ii.,l, ,mt .lovMi l.> Ml Henry Attiill in 1 -T'!, with lli.- su-v> <it' 'i't.'i 
 iiiii.iiiH 111., imtiiie ai,.l .■xt.'iit ..f the salll.i'.l-.. The i.-<mI1- "I tl..' 
 iliillinu I- iiilc rinvt.'d trinii lli.' l< iii'l lln- ■ ..i.'- I>> I Iv. T. >tci . y 
 llniit. h:i\.' Kciii ^uMinMii/'<i l.y liim «- t'llnn- 
 
 lol .1 
 
 rsnk I. i"i^ 
 
 I'l ,r, I I .1. 
 
 cL.v u:.... i ,.n.i I M.i- '^ '• ";; '' 
 
 |)..l. mil. V Ml, iIhi, llln,-t..||. 1 i\M- 
 
 1,1 1 . «,!!, . ,|,,!-, iliMt ..I.! ••.I- ■■! l-t'hill. 
 
 i » ill. Mil'. 1 itli ■> In- ■■! i:\ j.-ili!, 
 
 \ .n..;.l..i 1...;-. " •••■I-'I ■IN.IIPI. 
 
 i;...k ■ . • i-i ■"■1 
 
 |..,|...HiI. , u,|i, iii.ii:- Imu.imK III.- ii:i- 
 li.K'l. -.,U 'm I 
 
 |l.>l Ml, It. 
 
 ):...'. -,!i .1, 1 'H.i 
 
 Mul- , .III .I, I <<■■ lll'l :,llll\,ll,l, 
 
 i;..k -,;i n:, ,■■,! 
 
 |l,,i,.ll,,l. .IM'I .1 liiV'll ,!■ 
 
 i;..i. ■,'■ I'. ■■• 1 
 
 M.iil-. --11. « '■. ,iiii\.liit,- 
 |;,„.|. ,,ii i;.i, '...1 
 
 MnU. . .!■, V ill: ,| ,'.•!, ,!, in.i 111' \ h ■'■ 
 
 ■J7i, II it'.^'A •' 
 
 ■M:; II ■-:i. II 
 
 I'l II M'C I, 
 
 :iii 1 1 I'ij: U 
 
 .(-, 1 1 
 
 •_'■, I |,,-, I 
 
 I, li, I'l'ii' • 
 
 :;| I" ii:.'7 h 
 
 -11 : i-ii; 7 
 
 r. .. 1-.';! .1 
 
 7 ,1 I-:;" II 
 
 i:;;. i. i .7'i " 
 
 ■; 1. I ;-", , 
 
 i.i-j I. y\': 11 
 
 111. iliiiliMu' tliii- -li lunl n li'l.il thnkii,-- lit -lilt 1.1 lUiiti'i'l in .i 
 ,ii.i i;,r.- .,' "^^ I'l I't ,li\i!.'il 111' mill -ix liiiU, I niL;in;; tVi.iii -ix triM 
 ,,, n ,11 V ■'iiii\ liw III tliuknc- < >f ihr-. ili.. Ili-i i..-.l Inh iiiK'i 
 . ;i' ii. .| -.will ii liyi'i-iil iliiliiinit', nil i'- -laiin'ij l)\ riilhy iniittiT 
 'ri,,..;,, I i,.iil,l i,..i li |".ic ■■111. Uiili I'll Miii'ii.- 
 
 ■l!i.. - 1,1 .iiiii iliiiil iir i- « I i. i, H" -LiLii ,'...1 liy a 1 .\.'M,|' l.- ili.ii, 
 
 ~i\fii fn-' 111.' wrv I 111 ■. r!i.\ iii.'11-i !.■ i.'l;^ 'h.'i ..•■■■1' -i\ty t',1. ,i,.| 
 irj,r.-.|.l (Hiirl i,- ili> mi.' ^i f.it niiis,.! i , t^ -^.i.t. 
 
 Till' I'liilh 'mil, nil -HI ill u tr.im jL'i i? In 1 J-'', tri'l i- n.,. '. I'li n l • .1 \ . 
 iiiih til.' :|.|ii'- ! wi. t'l". ,in.l t!ii. I.iw.'f I -Ml I' I'- niin. iin'i.,' u ''.:■ ,■ 
 
 W.'f'' ..HI', I 'I'ill- l',,|li,i|' A' IS S, i!lll'\'. lull llll|llltl-. ill" 'l..«.'l Ml- Mhlt,' 
 
 -lit A nil l,'iv.-i ■ ■■! iliilotniii-. 
 
 Ti,.' titlli l.i'il iiH'.i-uii'- , hi I I .'I'll ai.il ,'1 I,. lit It'll, ill I'l i'l 1,111 V, ii ,1 ■ ,11 
 III' iinLi'ii t'l iiin u h.ii " I • .ililiiiiii'ii lit t li'' I'. Ill' I li\ '' mil •! Ii-iil '' ' ' i' ' '' 
 bait i- iii;|iiii.' tlmU'^li n liili- iii 1 ml inn-; 
 
 'I'lii- -.i\th iit'il i'^ |iuri' Mhiti'aMi 1 1 .in-i iiri'iit .iml mci-'iii, - -ix t'l.'t 
 
 Till- liiiii'-- i,t' till- - ill 1 1,1-1 II rami .1 I," -hiiivri mi llii' inip liy ;i ■Irlin i .■ 
 
 .h;iii> ii.iiiiiil,ii V, hut a- t.ir • it mm '^laiiiN piiAril ihi' iati'i -.lit .'i|...'i 
 
 lit < lilt ,1,1 1- i|ij.iii\iin;iti'l\ rmil.iiiii.il williin Iiin'- i.iiiiiiii; t ln' tiiwh- 
 
 nt Kir.'aiilii,'-, Winuhani. r.i'U--fU. I.mi.lmi, < ^i.-in'm', I', trn'm ami a 
 
sKCTlllN oy MINKS ]7 
 
 |".int H tV'.v iiiilr. .•„,uTh nf Siiiiiwieli in l^sex county ; on tlio west it sm.i. 
 i of .omM' l,oiiti.ii'i| l,y III.- -Iioics of I.ako Hufoii, St. Clair river iiiul 
 
 hrlrnil ri\,.r. ••■-■lO.:'«. 
 
 Ft is, mor.'ovrr, very proUiililc th;it ill.' -r.Mtcr (mrt, of i|,c west,.,!! 
 I-PiiiiiMil 1, rom|iri-.ii,;,' t!i.^ rouiities of Knit niwl lOssi'X is umlprluin l.y 
 ■.ilxf.T.,11^ li.,ri/ons A 1m. rn hoi.- for oil, sunk in tin- lowns!ii|, ,,f 
 < >iloi.|, Kent county, is siiiil to imvi, p;isspii llirou;;li a s;ilt i.c.i of 171 
 fret in thicliiu-ss Ht niicpthof l,:.liif,.,.t. TliisiiH-.Tlion would also he 
 conlirnieil liy tlio f;icl t!mt in hImiosI ;ill the holes pi,t il.wn in thai ici'ion 
 1,'n'at (|Uantities of salt water are struck. The lan.l fiarl of the l>asiii 
 woul I therefore roui,'lily speakin;,' ine.isur.' an cMinno length of some 
 I ".II miles, from Kincar.line to Lake Krie with a ma.xinium width (.f 
 
 " " I') miles at thi' center and lap.rini,' t.)wards tic ends. This 
 
 \M.u|ii approvitnat.ly rover an area of over '2,'iiH) M.uare milen. 
 
 I'll.' -alt heds ate supposed to iin.l.'rlie St. Clair l.ikeaiei river as well 
 a< the ,outhern i.art of Lake Mur,,n as rock salt is stru.'k in the state 
 it Miclii-Hii on (he opposite sh..res, in the same measure. Through 
 ou! this re^non the salt l,..,}, are said to !..■ practi ally c.iitinuous, 
 allliou;;li tiieie are anas of ^.'.eat^ror less extent in which salthed.s arc 
 al -cnt ; this is pioh.ihly owii,;,' to iie'i|ualili.'- in ihes.aor lake hot t. mi. 
 whi.'h .•merged aliove Ji- waters of the ( )ri,.ndaf.'a p.-riod, t,.rminu 
 isl iicls. ,„Pi the surfa.i- .if v, hi.-h, ii.. .salt was heiri:; deposited .lurii- 
 liii- p.'ii..d. it w..ul.| Im- very.lillictd! tn.-onvlate th,. l.,..|sof .salt at th.' 
 diir.'ivni p.iinis where ihi'V liav.. bini -truck, with.mt more .■..mpl.'t.' 
 <! it.i. A numher of hiys ..f w.-ll.s drilled in diH'er.'ni parts ,,f the h.isiri 
 ar^' -i\.ri h..l,.w, and als . a list ..f the .l.'pths at whi.'h sail uas struck 
 tv.-.'th.r with th.' thickn-ss of ro.k salt l.e.lspass.d thn.n-h. Th.'si- 
 with the |o,' of the well, j.'iven on pa^'.' li'. wil' i,.i\,. ai; i.i.M or' th,- 
 C'ii.liii..ns enccjiiiitered liv lie' il'-iiler in the ri';;i..n. 
 
 Loys. 
 
 Iliii'ii .M'li.lv. ( ;o.|.i j, li, \i.nll~ l«.r. Ij.,|, : — 
 
 ll'ijiiii ..iiinl\ . ''ill' .1 I- : 
 
 ^'"■f— I.; „...., 
 
 ''I"">'"ll>- IIHI ,. 
 
 liiliit-ti.ni-. Iii..u'iii^i..ii -ji;,; 
 
 1,11111 .>i. nil- «ltll .■III II ]sll 
 
 ■■""•'i-'-ii- :i,-.:i 
 
 K'l-n.if. L.'i.v ,, ,. I,- 
 
 I'-l'-i- '..'.\. [ u:'s " 
 
 .s^ .M.I~t..iii . iImtU lir.iHl.' ... Ci-t 
 
 ! ■ ' ! : : . . r 
 ;,l. (iilw ii;, \iM. nciii .lii'iiiii' .'I Sri i.'i., \', ], V :;i,| „,;,,. 
 .SALT-.-? 
 
 ! i 
 ; 3 
 i ? 
 
 I 1 
 
^'i 
 
 18 
 
 (IKOI.OI.ICAL m IIVKV UK lANAIlA 
 
 f rr 
 
 Salt 
 I>il»'"it«. 
 
 No -.alt Ix'ds i«f inip<irl)wui- werr struck in thi^* w II, l<ul ilii' rriiml 
 is nevfrthi<lt>s» very iiitt'rftstiiii,', iiiaMiiiucli tlmt nt ii iliMtniice of li-si 
 tliiin one mill" ill a din'otioii soutli wt>Ht from it, miolhi'i well Immhj; 
 KUiik, struck thick Ih-iIs uf salt. TIuh lust well lia.s turn a NtiMily 
 prddueer siiicp tlit'ti. The rmi th ouKtirti liriill of the miU hiVJiiii lies, 
 therefore, jirohulily bftwrcri thi-i' two |Miitits. 
 
 1 i 
 
 .Mni<ll<->\ louiity. I.i'inl'U .\-\liiiii well 
 
 Surf. 11 > 
 
 
 i:;ii fi, 
 
 t. 
 
 
 1,111 1 -ii.iii' 
 
 ,..ft 
 
 ■.'(hi 
 
 1 'nnuU M 
 
 U-, 
 
 
 l>:.pl 
 
 |.HI 
 
 IImoikI../ 
 
 I Ullh t 1 < ipli .M\.\ 
 
 
 
 titNl 
 
 N. 
 
 ifcf.Ui, if |.r. -. Il(. 
 
 Salt ..n.l . 
 
 i^.l> 
 
 li;ll . 
 
 
 
 liliK'k >ll.ll 
 
 
 -**M» 
 
 riiiit.iii. 
 
 
 ){..! 
 
 
 ;*!*«► 
 
 M.'.llll:>. 
 
 
 I.ivi.nt..hi' 
 
 Ml.l »ll..l<' 
 
 . 1>I 
 
 Mu.l-.iLi 
 
 ivrr. 
 
 '(i.S.C. V,.l. \'.. I '.lit 1,1. II. I'. I'.niui. 11. .Natui:il C >- .in I I', ti .1. mii,) 
 
 I,jillilit"ti < oimty, rt'tnilfii :-- 
 
 SurliU'i' liH fi-> t. 
 Liiut>t^i»it' . ... I" 
 
 Sh.tl.' . , l:io .. 
 
 I.llljri-tiilii' l.'i <• llallliltiill. 
 
 Sliiil,. W .. 
 
 LlIIirtttiilK tw 
 
 N.ft ... , -111 
 
 ■ 1 ^rey.. *J.'i i. <'. 'riiiftri'im. 
 
 13.') .. 
 
 hard, N^liit*', fAitt ,. Witli liuiil str*'ak!4'>f hmihI Ht<>ii«' from 
 t»ii t.i tiv* feet ill tliickiifHS. 
 
 <ty[«um wi ,, thiiinila^ih. 
 
 Suit liitil -hale !'','» ,, (liitlixliii^ the Orivkiiiiy. if |irf:^i'iit. 
 
 Ilyp^-iiin XI) .. 
 
 Salt Aiiil uliale 1 In .. 
 
 l,,''>0,'i ftft 
 Elcvatiun alMAr tiil.-. i,t'i7 fi.t. 
 
 (C.S.C. Vol. v.. Tart i/. II. I', liiuin.ll, N;itural CiiH.iTi.l riin.lfnm.) 
 
 ^■•'^fV',772^^-^ 
 
iicrinN lit' MINIS 
 
 K«wM',,unt>. \Vin.|.,,i, ( ,„i.hIi.,„ N.lt \\,-il, U. 
 
 r.MMi-«l.,rM i.l.irk |..tr,,|if. i,,ii,>., 
 
 I'"l if< I' n-l.illir,. I 
 
 I,irii.".(..ii... cli.,1, .,|, ,,r 
 S.in.i-.f.,ii. . |,.ir. .,.,..rl/ ,« 
 
 l>"l.'nill-. Mil), „,ni, j;\ |,.i,i,, 
 -i,:i:v,, 
 /l'\ III I I i«ii. 
 
 «ltl, „ iN . ,,f ,.,|l.„..l.. M, .,!■., 
 
 HI' \ .. 
 
 •I.>lv ..r^illir,..,,,. 
 
 N I 
 
 I. J I. 
 
 III 
 
 »n r, 
 I •■ i«*it 
 
 1.1'.: I.. I. 
 
 INmn 
 
 nr\, Wii, I-.,,. Ciiii.liiii s.ilt W. ik-, n% 
 linit 
 
 l.iirir»!.Pl|l 
 
 Siilt 
 
 l.iinfsdiiii. 
 
 Itriak iti rco-ni 
 Siili 
 
 Salt 
 
 Llri)i-Ht4»lH> 
 
 Salt 
 
 LiiiuMtoiic (ciiilt-il in) 
 
 N^.. I 
 
 l.c: f, ..• 
 :;ii .. 
 x. ,, 
 
 ~r, 
 
 J il II 
 
 70 „ 
 .'III 
 
 (Out. liuroaii ..f Mmi-^, Sixtli Kii».rt. |.. X 
 
 1. 1 '71' f.-rt. 
 
 'J I 
 
 I 
 
i;i 
 
 •.'<) 
 
 ,1 iil.ircKAI. RlllVKV Of r^NMiA 
 
 
 ill till- fu,li>»iiiu f.iliU' I* s\\oM II lit <if ili'|)lli'« III wliiili ^all »iis 111 
 louiiti ii-i| >v iliITi- .Ml |">iiil>. Ml t':i' piinitiif, tu^ithiT with U»i' lliiiU 
 
 1,.-, ..t llic *.t\t In.,].. ; — 
 
 l....^n 
 
 s.ll -II. I. k 
 
 ,1 ,1. , ih . ' 
 
 ■II,;, 1,1 
 
 IV. I Ik 
 
 r,i . . ■■ -nii'i . Kim- .11. III.' 
 
 ■| t ii ■!. ,.i:., !."■■: !•■ • 
 
 1|,., ,,. i: <s , l,.,.l. 1.. h. \iiiii. -ill .iii'ii.l.li.l' 
 
 ■|..'..; .1. ,iii.. 1 Mr !■■' 
 
 II , ,.,, iiiU'. I, "!• :'i 1: I- 1 111. Ill .1. il «• !' 
 
 i'.i .1 .1 : ■'.. 1.17" !■ 
 
 iiiiH ■, c-.. iii\, Wiiit'ii .1' ■ 
 ■r.i.ii .'. |.tii. i.i'.'' !■• I 
 
 Hi... I.'.. I-.-'. -■•;-. 
 
 ■j ,.■ ;.,ti. 1 Jill..' 
 
 II. I,..., , .,.,'v, II '— 1-. , 
 
 ,], , ^..iitii u. -I 
 
 r. 
 
 II .1. , 
 
 . .... '.! 
 .i!.. I ."HI '.■ 
 
 •\ I'iMi, 
 
 . 1 1 i." t 
 
 I 
 
 ■j-....;.;. |.= !.. . -..••!. ■■ 
 
 II. , I, 'I'l'v. -..,1. 111. ■ 
 
 T. : ,i ■• |..|,. 1.1. ;.■.:.. I 
 ||.,:...i ...iiif, 11.1.-..': 
 
 ;■ ,1 .1 .:. 1 111. I .'i». t . • ... 
 
 I|. .. 11 , .!|l.l\. I's. 1. 1 
 
 ■r,.t 1.1. i,-.., I. I'M 1..1 
 
 Mi. I :.. -. . ... iin. I. hi..". .V-\ I. -.Ill "'■n 
 
 ■1' .i..l.i. |.;h, -J ■.'■-! '..' 
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 •|!... i.r...v..-f- ii-.l ill till' |iMiiliK'ti. Ill i.f -all in tin- C.iimilinii lirlil, 
 
 lilt' Nllllll 11' I., t 
 
 Inn,. ..iiii.li.v.'il I'M ti.r Mi.'lii;;-!'! i-iiif '<i ^^'■' "-'li' 
 
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 .■—1,1, ally a- to tl... ,.„«|,. ,., ,.v„|„„„,, , ,|„. |„|,„. •|'1„,„. „, ,. \| „,,,„, ,, 
 
 I'" "'"'^' '■> '|'"t.<ii"iiiti V I. ,.„,i, i„,,,|,,„.,|,.,|, ,,.|„ vvM.|,,.i„l ..^;,i„,i > ■"■ ' 
 
 "' ' ■'" "I'-" t'^'" i;- I' ■■' II.-- rt... t„HN .,.'.,,„ i- Mtl, 
 
 •llM.I.MJ, I,,.. Cil.,!. .-r.,,...!;!!,,,,, Ill V.l.lllllll, 1 1, t , , -1 1, - |,- .•IV,.,:! Ill,, | . i. .11 III,- 
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 ''"■ f"""l'' ■■' 'III- !■ -■ 1^ .■■ ,|...':ttl.,i. 1,1 ,. ,.|..-.r,l ^,-,| ,1, 
 
 "''"'' "■ l''"'i''' '""'I'" i~ t.i ,,h.,| i,v ,i„.,„., ,,t ,,„ .11 |Miii.,,. M„. 
 
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 ■' '""'■' "•"i|"'i.'iiit.- il ly-t.Mi, HI ,„„.|,o, ,„„1 . (i,„., .^ri.ii. I, 
 
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 v>i'i. .ill\ Til,- M. 11 
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 ' 'iiK'inii till,... Il,,, ,111.-1, v»|,j,.|, ,1,.. l,rii„. 
 
 Mi.-.,l.|,Mi .,1 il„. Mil,,.-. «1,„1, ,,,,• 1.. liM. i,-,.i I,,,,:. ;,,„| 
 
 li'n.. , ,1, ,„„.„. r „f .il„,u, H,.,-,. i.i.l,,-, I, .,,,.,>,,, ,,,,.H,lv„i.,,-,.„.,i 
 
 M-ltll,.. Mill,.,,. \VI„.|, .1 „||i,„.„, ,|„,,,,t,,v ,,f.;,|| l,;„,.rv-t..l|u,.,|i„ 
 
 '''■■"■"•"ii"''""'--''i '• i-.H,.„,..-,i ,M, .11 tl,„,i„i,i,l,.i,.,n. .,.,,,,■,„,, |,|,., 
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 ^''" "!''■• " ■■I'" ■■>■ "- '■ -' .-.lililr'-^l -HI ll,,„,llt;.. :,.i,„. ■,.,„.,.,„- ,,t 
 
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 •J2 ..KOI-Oi.llAl, srit\K\ I'K 1 ANAHA 
 
 .litiineltT reaiOiiii;; down ti> tlw roik Mi.t. A iiowcrful imiiip tnrcc-' 
 water ilowii tliu nutci IuIh- ; tliis dissolvi's the -.iilt. ivenlually toniiirju 
 '.aij;^ ciiviiies al the liottom iif tlip well ulliTiiiL' a (,'ieat siiifait' of *m 
 In thf artinti ot tlio water. As tlw rork is iml I'lssurcil or |)<in>i]s, atui 
 •In- hi'ail ot liif well is iiiadc \vaU-rtii;lit, tin- watrr fon-.-d dowiiwaMJ- 
 111 tin- outer tuWi- is cliariu'd to .saturation |ioiiit in tlic salt cavity and 
 tliis lirine is t'oirivl ufiwards tliroiii,'h ihi' inii>i tiilif. As a iirxl sU']> 
 ilii' liiiiic Itosv^ int.' lai;;c woodni s,.tlliii:; vats whi'ri' it is licaliMl t" 
 tVolii iMi to -JOM I'aliri'liliiit. and .dlowcd to si'tllc tor from tweU.' t.. 
 I went _v- four- 111. Ill--, My tlii- i.]..i aliMii. a i;r.'al part of tiip siiljiliatr - t 
 Miiii- uliicli i- |iii'-nit in tin- io,-k -all and ln-ld in im'c.-hanii'al s\i-|irnsiun 
 ni till- liriiic i- di |iosii,.d on tin- l.otioin of tin- vats. The liriin- is tloi- 
 'Irawn ot} |it-rli-ri '-, i-N-ar and l:iii|.ick and [lUiniicd into tlif \a:uuiii Jim. 
 Tliis laij.'!' M-s-.-l lia- a ry liiidli(.al liodv «i!li i-oni.-ii top and Imttoiii. 
 lis dianirt'i- ;s iwi-!\i- ti-i-i, and ii- lii'i-_'lit about i-iuditi-«'n fpct. It . 
 di\id(-ii hill i/iinlaiK in'o tlircf riiin|.ai t iiii-nts. 'I'lic stfaiii ii-cd a- lli- 
 -.ilii'i-c lit lii-al till- I K ,i|io|-,ition i- adiniili'l into tin- iiilddlf loinnai t 
 -ai'iil. n hie!! is -.m,,- \\\v tVi li'-h and i- niaiio sti-aiii tn,di'. I'as.siiii.' 
 i!ir.i!ii;ii till- iiiiddli- . Minjiai t niinl an- s.-i- . if virtual i-oliln-r tulii--, 
 .,|,(.ii.it liotii .-ii'i- and . .mm rlini; 'In' two nllii-r ,-oiii|.ai-l iiirijl.-- int.. 
 .ilii.-h ihi- 111 im- ;- id.i ilii-.i. 
 
 l>ii-.M'i -ti-aiii I1..111 il.i- l>.iil-is -un-i.-,iii.is i!i.--.- tiioi-, vv hi.-li nffi-i . 
 41. -ai lio.rini; --^ita •-. ,01. 1 llii.iu;:li ulin-li the 1. 1111. ■ .-ii. ulal.- fii-i-i_\ 
 Ih. \.,..iuni in ill.- |..cii i- niainta-.m-d l.y 111. -an- of a [i.iuiifui u 
 !iiii|'. " liu-ii ai ih. s.iini- tiiiu- draws ."ilV ihi- s|i..;iiii jiiiidiin-d l.y tl.. 
 . ,a|.oiati.in 'lln- - d' t.-ii!- t.i tin- bottom ><i ilic vi--s- I and 1.- .iniitii o 
 "V Iilr.-tn-- ot ad..ul.li- '..t\\r witli-ut any intci |-U|'i ion 111 t In- |.|iiri-- - 
 rin- vaiuum 1- k.-i'i .it I »i-iil v i-ii;li; in. lie- ini-K-uiy. wlmii 1- \i'i\ 
 idLdi. 'I'lic main trnuli'.- t-nr.mnti-rpd in ilii- [.i-.i.-i-.- is c-aused by tli. 
 iiial! iiuantil\ of i;vii.-iiin m -uliihali- ot liiii.- nintuiird inllnbn-.- 
 riiis iiii|iiiiii\ is .|i-|..iMi. .1 ;i; till- inliri.ir i.t t!i. t ill..--, ....ilip- tlicn 
 with a la-..ii.f n.iii . i.n.ni.-tiiii; ■ub-t.ini •- w lii.li li.is 1.. bi- ■.a'.-.l ..|1 
 ■ bi.ut iw-i\ l\M-ii.' li..i:i- Tlii-ri- .u-c !wo pan-, ..m- bnn- ili-.im.l 
 I Ink- till- II'I. I r 1- in ii|..-i-at n n. Tin- ( '.Ln;i.li..n >.dt < '. . is .. : j,! .■-. n! 
 -..iHtiiii; in M-i \ iMi-n-i- - .idilions t.. ilr.-.i piant. ind u k -n li.i . 
 i.iiliiii\i-in.-n!- an- • ..-.il ■.-'i-l 'In-ir wi.rk- will I .- l.i-ll<-i .■■|Ui| |.i-. I 'li ,. 
 i,v ..1 Ir r I ..iii|.aii\ -n .\ ii.-t I'-.i. 
 '111., in. or. ia,).i..> .'o. ni n.'W l.'-iiiL' ['ill m. 1- a .!..iibli- rlli-.-l \ .!■ loin. 
 ,. I,;, w 111. li . .i.i'.'i o.- ill' lai-;;r-t 111 till- "..I'M t'.i- tin- maiiufa.i -11 .■ 
 ,,. -:,lt 'Ik.. ;iit.nti..h 1- I., ii-i- ill., uv.i -in-j!r rib'.t pan- a 
 ;.,( .)),.. I- I'll., .i.i-, .inl.iL-.- il. ii\i-i| ti.iai l.i\in^ 1 ^m 1 lit-' ■ 'If. ' 
 
 mr^ 
 
 ■Pi 
 
 ■SP 
 
^KCIIOV OK M|\f> •_!." 
 
 Ca,.- i, ol.viuu., .-., ,l„.y will b,. u.o,i ult,.,natelv,,„„. U-i..- in opPratiu,, . , 
 w nle the other ,s U„n. ,.|ea„e,i ot the .l.posit ,„■ sulphate .,f Hme , ' 
 Ihn-, the [,r,.e,.s. will ,'., „„ w.thoul ii.ten-u,.tin„. The soeon.l e«ect I"'' 
 i^n ,au run eo>,t„muusl>- (,„■ at leas, a w,.,.k without ,.• ,u,ri,.K ooatiin.- 
 I h" .li.imetets of the tiist .uwl double elleet ,„u,s ;„v respeetivel v twelve 
 ■umI twenty tVet. The v., uuii, in the lirst p.u, is to l,e mainuined at 
 t»entytourtotwe„t\ live ,„ohe,, whirl, low.rs the l„,ili„,. point ton 
 ien,perutu.-eotl:;.-. l-ahrenheit, an.l i„ the .e.ond pan at t w,.„ty e„-l„ 
 I'ieties, e,,ual to a Ualin- point ot nin.'ty-tw.i (l(-y,,v.. 
 
 I'Von, the evaporation pan th.. -all .. .onveved ,o the .Ininu rooms 
 where ,f.s ,Ulowe,l ,o ora,n. I, .h.n pas-.s into the ,hver ,, roper 
 
 '"'"'■'' '^ ^' '""- "■ ''■" '-ylinder, .h,- as,- ot whi.l, ,. .I.^bjlv ineline,i 
 
 ""he honxontai w,th ,|,.at. arel rillh s pla, .■ I !onu'.Mi.l,,,allv ' Throu-h 
 'h,-. ,i,rien,sof ho. aw ei,v„|a.,. uhil.-,. r.. oiv. ~. and ih. ^>et sjl 
 t.'d in at on. rnd i-mhv at the other end |.e,te.i:v drv 
 
 "iroll-h s:,.\,.s ot dill'' tvnt M/e. .•.,-.o!d 
 
 'h" tliiesi pa--i]i;; throii-h a liriv ni.-^li M-re. n 
 
 .hen p'ls-cs 
 n:^ to lie- -ra.i,-of vdr wanted. 
 
 , ''''"'"■'''■■■- -"'■'^■■"' ^ ' '^ -•- -iinpl.. ano w, ^ .-rv ..,|.i..ni. 
 
 Ifi- WiiMlsor plant ■ o;npaivs u^r, t^a v , anaM v wuhanv plani or this 
 
 """"•■"'■ '■'"■ "■"M'i-vid..di,v,no-..,soM,o,lM:eouipped.„l, 
 
 I'''"'-^'' s,,,!,,.,., and .-apahi.. ,.t d. ^elop■,u 1 . 7".J hot-,' p„„,.,. 
 
 ^'l'"''vot ih.. ,„anti-a, p,..-.,,I 1, ' oarreN a dav Mh,-. u l:e„ 
 
 piv-.-nt nnpr . .ni.aits aiv . , ..npl-lnl. wiii ! .. i,,. ,,,,-,, | i 
 ''''"■ ["■■-■ill .ooprra..,. ,:,n i,,.,, ,,„, i',,,,,, ; 
 
 i.airel, p,.r il iv Tl 
 l.:'l"l U.oi^ci- a ,ia\. 
 
 ") 
 
 o I, 
 
 "" '^' ''"'i'<':uu.s IV or,:v Mr, ,.rMN. ,v,, |;,„,r , ro. ,- 
 Thi- proe,.-- u ,- on^nrdlv d.■^ ,.|op,.,l i„ M,,.l,;.,^„ ,,.. , ,,, ,|,^,. 
 
 '^ 'l""'>'->"<e.t u-ed. I.I (In.ario.ieieareonlv tln.e pia,,.- -f jIm- 
 
 'vpenow in op,.rai,on. hut .he pivseni t-nden, v , tow„rda ',,. 
 
 .•xten.le„us,.ofnnspr uei . le^ al,and.,n,n. o, ,h, ne.,. prinn, ,v,. 
 
 ■lire.. Ii|-e nianiil'a.tui e 
 
 ■'''"■'""" '!■■'■ '-""I''-""' ^^i-Mii... ■ onnei-p,„„|„.,|„,,n, 
 
 ■!'" ^^';" ""■■ '"''■■ '■■" -" - '— -1..I.. il ,- 1....,,,., and 
 
 "'""'■'' "■~'"' 'l-hen „ p.-.- into i;.. „,„„ , ,„,„,.„, .,.,,,., ^„„^ 
 
 ■-'- ..f a |..n- -liailou ^:,, nrid.. ,- ,;,;.v ... i. ,:;,., ,.,„.- The 
 
 ■'"';•■"-■■- ■"■ '■■■'■ -— ■ -.-n..r are |:.. ,■„,„ .„„ „, ^,., ,„ ,„ 
 '" " ^*"i'.""" ^^•■■•'^' - t-et d....p Throi,^|„„|, ,|,e u!. ,',. 1.,,,,,,, ,^ 
 .1.- vaUa,-,.H Minnl.T... -,,.o„ p,,„.- .u-.p..,„l, , , l,v |,,,.„„,,. ^,,"',, ,,, 
 
 ■"•"" ''"■ '^""""^ •' ■'' ""1 -•■■■ .■■oi,-.M„.n,.„ ..n..,.,„i..ttl„. 
 
 f i 
 
 . ♦i^-w' 
 
i . 
 
 
 '.'4 
 
 ;Kiii.<M.i('Ar, sri(\i;v ok rwAhv 
 
 ■I'll. 
 
 v;it i.^ slopirii; at ;iii aiiyle nf aliout 2<r , I'oiiiiin:; an appi 
 liiine, wliich is lir-l licatcd ii> tlie settlini; \at> is allowf.l li. llnw ..(.ii 
 ■'■"" tiiuiously iiilii till' ;,'iiiiiiprs. where the IfVt'l of tlic lii|uiil is kept con 
 '.■,',''1 slant, at fi-oMi I 5 to L'O im-l.^s in licpth. 'nic cNaiioi-ation .aus.-s ilic 
 
 •" salt to ri-ystaili/", .■uid settle over the Lottoni ot' the tanks. The 
 
 sleani ii^eil iti the ]t\\'fs ol' 1 he ^.'lainer is, a^ a nili-, live steam or 
 liircct from the hoiler. To i!ft as miieli eHi.iene\ as possil.lp, the 
 i-xhaiist St. am from the-c. pipes JMised to heat the lirim' m tlie settliii- 
 rank:. I'o remove the s.ilt tnan the yr.iiners. a \erv inL;eniou^ (levu'f 
 i- umhI. It i- a meehanieal r ike ri.nsi-; in.' of two emlless .hains run- 
 iiinu aloiiL' the whole |eMi;tli of the gr.'uner ifiom 1 10 to 1 1'.O feet ) near 
 the si(k'-. over sols, ,f roller-on liori/..ntal axe-. At e,,iia! inteivalsare 
 fa^terird ,,M I lie-e rh.ains, vertieal iiirrow hlades, four oi- live inches 
 witie, eo\erinL; loe entire width ot the iMittmn of the vat. These hlades, 
 scr:ipinL; up the -al' as it forms .ami si^ttles, hrinu it up tiie neliiie or 
 ajiron .it one emi. :.'iuni,'the .lystaU .1 preliminary draiinnu, then drop 
 the -alt on .1 diairiin_' and dryiiii; tloor uheneeit is .-hoveled 1 1 Uin-. 
 
 .\; KiiHaniirie .1 modilieation of tiii- piooe-s is u-,'d which 1- lalled 
 the •• \' ..v-teiii. Till- only dillereiive is in 'he sliapeof the -rain 
 inu v.ii .. In tli.' V -vsieiri 1 hese Lirainini; vats have slopine side- in 
 
 the -ha) fl lie li :tei \', and the s,dt when foiined. falls to the hottom, 
 
 wlii.h is made m, tie- sh ipe of ,i reelrniu'ulir Irouuh IweUe inrhe . 
 wide i,v ten to lwei\r uiehes deep. The r.d<er tt.i.eis in tii'' loai-h. 
 '!- 'limen-ioiis heirm in.ditied aeciirdi' _iy. 
 
 T'le lira 11. r pi.ii'e - ^^ t 'le f;i \ ( ml it«' onr in ^I ..Iil:'. II. ..ill i .0 pi e: 1 !,• 
 - 1, idinj I liri.ii-.;hoiit 1 h,. ( Inl.ii io -all .ii-l'i-t If .evnal <..--- 1! is 
 
 .,.,,.,1 l,\ !.l|e,. lli|||i,"l ,-omp, lilies, who l.lke lip t|;- ll,..;iU .artlile . ! -.lit 
 
 ;i- 1 -uli-idiar\ iiidii-;iv. lo !i-i> up 1 he -111 i'! n - ami •■xhuM .te.ni' oi 
 
 I iieli .;1 W mil- 
 
 Til,' pro,-.— ;v.|Uil. \.l\ llU'e l;il...ll! . :!:■• I i.-i a. i.i I 101; • \ lli, | l.ilit 
 
 i- ,,;,,|,. ,-,,-tlv ili.Ul i'l.' .-id illl.-,i 111.' I i.od , hul 111 ill.' .i-e ..: til. 
 
 liniii,, 1 pn.i.'- ,1- lie- :-iM p:.. 1 1 - p. ;i,i..ir s" er- .t. d lo -nppl ■. 
 
 Ill,' ,iw mill-. M'l \ :i" !.■ ,\li.i .'Xpen- ■ in li, ■ ih.ii'-r !.oii-. 1- i, i,.i 
 
 1 , , .,||,|);\ 1 !,, - 1:1 p.,1',' .;l,d I ii ■ I w,, ii'i'l I i I"- r,'l I .11" . -^' \' l". w , 
 h ii,d ill '.aiiii 
 
 ,| II 
 
 ■ 1 1 \ M .. \ \ I'ol; \ I I'.N I 1.1 . 1 -■ I - 
 
 ill,.':.,, . 1-, . ' ' . -. ■■ ,;i. ill -I.- ill ■■> i',ii,_ •■ 'in i-v .■. : I i. u'li pi I'' 
 
 1 . , , , p. ,.,'.' . r ■ .1 !'.,■ 1- -oil pi \ iii.iii,* ' , (t-i .1 i.tl I i , .It. '11, I. i.'i' , 
 
 I i, , 1;.. . ii 11 - ■. .1 ■ ri:i- 1 ; ji,- !■ ,-.■ w It !i 1 rl lilt ,ii I i. . .■ I !■ i.. 1 i.iii 
 
 ..1 i!,,. l.;o ,■ 111,;,.:, ,,,i Miihil-.hi Milium I o. a:, I...' ,.\!,.iii-: 
 
- i;i r I n \ u !•■ M I N \.n 
 
 :UU\ SUiplu^ M.;,IIM.ttll(illllill N,, rliahiall tMloTs ,ur l,sr,l in li,|. ^^, 
 
 plant, III.' -.lit Iviii:; ,eiiio\.'i| whI, |iii,|,| ,akp.i. Tli.- ..iilput ..r tl,i~ 
 plant i> .It prvHMit otir hun.lrv,! I,ui..|< a ilay, l)ut ,.xt,-,i- ion-; arv u■^^v 
 ill pnj-nv-^ wlii.-li. whrii r.Miipj.t.Ml, «i|l ,|,.iii,|,. it> .•,a,M,ii v 
 
 r,v \t;,i: Ml. PS |;^ hum c i i iiii:. 
 
 A |.l,l,lt ..: Il.i- IVp.TOI.MSls. l„.s„|,.. i|„ !„■. „. pui.ii.i,;- ;.l.[K,,;,n,-. 
 nt' S-Ulill- Links, r\:,|„, nil „,:; (mi^mIhI ll. ,. M' v| : l,r t(, ,||-,lin .;l,i| j ul< 
 
 til.- sill. Tlh'piin- aif .1. ii ml,. uuiVct i..ii.' by -JU tn i;.', t,M-i vvi,|,. 
 
 .iml 12 to I I illrll,., ,|,.cp , 111, y UIV 11,1, 1,. ,,t l„,il,.|. |,l;i,,. ,„,,, ,|,,,,.,,.,. 
 
 "t' ail inch <lii(k, .111(1 su|i|.ijiftn.\ uall- win ■!. -m \f .i. ^i,l,.. t.iiiie 
 lii«- -rail's ami is li..M/iiiita| llu,., .i|,,i,- ij,,. u|i,,!,. l,.ti;;tli ,,r llw l..ili.,iiis 
 ■>i tl,,. |,,,ii^ rii..s,- pan, aiv iiii.lr wi'l, ih,. .,.1.-. shintin.' l'..MMii,^ a 
 'lrMlllir,^ .i|,;- ,11, ,„, wlijel, l|i,..,iii i,,iik,-.i Ii.ii, lii.'h ilti.ii, .,r the |.,.,,x, 
 is I' .ly-t ,i:i/,.- ,111,1 ,|..p,,,ils lh,.|,. li ,, III,.,, s, ,.,.„! ;,, I,,,,. ,i|,,| 
 |'a"l< ■! ill iiaL;s ,ir hai ifl- |m|- - hipiniiil . 
 
 I ia' pi II:'- ii-.ihL; liii, .' I;iv.'v.i|,. .|-,iii,,i, at.', it i-. .'iis,>, th.' ',■.■! -i . ..~t!v 
 ''■ iiista!! aiiii liii, typi' ..l m, inula, i iii !• is -i,.iilv u^,.,! ,,, ,!,,. 
 "'!• iii" li''i'l. 'I'Ih- .Mp.i'i, ..f til,. ax,Tm,. pl.inr i- tniiii I'Mi t., 1^.". 
 l>.iii.'l- ..t ,i)ii>,- -.lit p. I .l.i\. I'l.i this .iiMiit tr..iii -i\ I,, ei^lit t..ii- ,,( 
 lU.il I- ii'.|niii'.|, .iiiil -,'\in 1. 1 I II iM.-ii. 
 
 I Ij.'m- a I.- .It p, .-.I'll I nv.nt V ui .n'-, m i i,,. i iiii,,n,. ii(.|,|. ,,,.,,,. ,.| 
 
 liii'-.' run i.,ntiMiiiii-.iy ,iim1 ..liii-r- ..i.ly .i iiit.-i \;,i- i n tli ] '.iiit , 
 
 -ixtc'ii us., ill,. liiriTi lii,. (■\.ip,ir.-aiiiii, t'.nii li.i\.. sii-.m, .•\.ip<ii iii,,,, n, 
 ■•p.-n air, .iii.l .,ii,. iis,., ||„. \a.ililiii pin.rs- Tli,. in.ijiaity ..| ili,-,. 
 pi.ints proilu,-.' .iiil\ til.. .■.Ills,, p.iikii.,' -.ill III ti, I ,,i,!\ i|, ,■,.,. planis 
 111 till- uliiilf i|i-tii.-l 111, nil. t'a' till., tin- liiar i;i.,(ii.. .'t -,,il. h In, a ,,, , 
 .Lis-ili,.,! .1-, t.ilil,', liii,-. li.iiry ,111, 1 ,.|i,.|.-,., i,',',,r.liii^ ]'-. ill, II- ill,,.!,,.-, 
 I'".ir til,' pr.,i|ii,'ii.iii .it ihi- Iji'lli'i- ,|!ialili,vs, , \!i,i .-ir, ha. i,, I,,, i .j. ,, 
 111 ihf li in.ilin- .,t lla- :,iiii, .iml ,,t tli,' s.ilt. Tin- ha-, iin.i, .,\ ,.|. i., i,,, 
 .lii-'il .iiliticiiilly, .111.1 pas-, ',1 tliriiii;;li tliclitlcii'nt iii. si, -, |-,.,.,,, T'l,.,-,. 
 ifa\f 111','!! ii.i aliciiipls iiia.li- tiiwa-.l- iiiinin- ...k -.ill m i !i,. .ji ,| i i,., 
 liiil a c.Miipany i al pi,'s,.|ii -inking .. sli.iit ..n ih'- \ii]. luan -li.pi,. ,.t 
 til'' l>.ir.,it I iMT, si.iii,. t'.iiir mil.- I>, l,,w i h.- .'ii v ..i hi'ii-.m. T!i..\- 
 li..p. tii -trikf lli.'llisi l....| ,,t -.lit .11 s|„i,-,,,, -pii,. |,, ,,„,.,.,, ,,, ,|,, 
 ,'iil.apri-. ui!l I,. vv.',ii.|i. ,1 .villi L.'r,'at ii.i,.|..-: 
 
 A ii-' ..t' ill.' plant - .ip.-i iliii_' 111 ill,' ( '.III i.ii:i!i ''i,.!,| 1- ^Mcii i„-],,\\ I' 
 
 .1 '• M 
 
 .ill... tu.. 
 
 I. 
 
 I'.Uil, 
 
 i;,.-. 
 
 I l.al.. 
 
 ' 'I . 1 .:. .1 ... 
 I ■..;. li..i?i .'s li; I ,., 
 
 i; .1 i: .'.-'..;. I, 
 
 ! ^ 
 
.KOI.iM.lr.M. >l l:\ rv Of ( \NMi\ 
 
 I.... Mtl. 
 
 K\ctti 
 
 i;o,l.-nrl 
 
 11. n-,, I! 
 
 KlIMVM.IUh 
 
 \| ■ 1M«1 
 
 I'jikiull 
 
 Will. I, .,11 
 
 \\ lll.l-M, 
 
 N.iilh Am.mii. I CI,. I„li..l( - 
 l,.il,r Hill. .11 \ M..nir..l,i MiUiMk'" 
 l>..t..r Mcl-.uan. 
 i;..., M. Iv.v,.., 
 i;i.jliti,..v.i S,,i; I... 
 
 ii„t.,ii.. r.-..|.i. s,-,ii \it- 1 K 
 
 M...1. t.iuii Suit ( '.. 
 Curt. I .V Kill. llli:i>l. I 
 l';,rkl,ill S.ill C. 
 ^:un;.. Sal! I',.. 
 S.nii;, r.,iy Mill- '■.. 
 
 >ML-lli:n\ I.lilnli. 1 \ ■'lit ('.. 
 
 N'.illll.; .V S|..i. III. IT. 
 
 i:lult..ii Salt «'.. 
 I ,ui:,.ii..l. >.!' I' '. 
 
 l;.,l\K-. 
 
 1,. ,1. 1 . .,, -Mill.'. !,,K. II \„-i 
 
 1!1. IM'..., 
 1.,..!. r. h. -.1 ■ . «■ !! .•- il".' 
 
 \,,;..,,,1., ,. ,-,, lsl,> . 
 
 c ■iiiii..ii ... !1 
 
 k t,. , I.! !;.■ 
 
 I.; 
 
 il 1 
 
 J.li. III. l!l" l|.i I ^".> I 1>7 
 ■J..1 .1711 17.1 1^1 . •..-:i 1 i:.7 
 :'ll :i:.ii ^|ii _':;ii :; .'lil I r.n 
 
 \l,,l,\-. l.V |i. I SI. IIV Hull 
 |-.. ,. - „|. ,. . l.li'. ,.,i.'- .v u 
 
 \N \n-f - "1 ^ VI I- 
 
 1 ...,l. . 
 
 t *ili 
 ■till 
 
 , 
 
 
 11 milfi 
 
 i 1. !■_'.■ 
 1 ■_'.".7 1 
 
 1 
 
 1,1.-.; 
 ■J..I11 
 
 i' ;■'. 1 
 
 
 
 1 *. 
 
 Ii7 .;ii;i.i 
 
 11 ..i:ii; 
 
 1 l.i!.. 
 
 
 .■IM 
 
 
 1 ",ur- 
 
 ' tm.- 
 
 -,.lt 
 
 IIV ,',7 t;; 
 
 .. i:;iiv 
 
 1 1 "■.■.( 
 
 
 7^111 
 
 n iM,i.i 
 
 
 ..LI 
 
 
 :i7 t7".i; 
 
 
 ; :;.s'....i 
 
 
 !is;;ii 
 
 It -JJiii 
 
 >».,', 
 
 " 1 ■! 1 
 
 n -lit 
 
 ■ IS ~.;<i:\ 
 
 11 (11.;^ 
 
 1 ;i".rj 
 
 
 ■L'-'l 
 
 11 .1171 
 
 
 till 
 
 ■-..If 
 
 '.i7 'liil 
 
 ., ,i|>., 
 
 1 |M.^ 
 
 
 »...-. 
 
 11 itl..i 
 
 
 
 !-.■ 
 
 '-"* -77.'* 
 
 11 'H'7' 
 
 1 '_' ■! '■ 
 
 
 1. >:.■_' 
 
 11 11)11 
 
 ■| I . - i'. .| .,1, ., 1... Il Ml. „. -.,n.| 
 
 If. 1. 1, i.x hi. Kill-. .1 '1. 
 ■. , I,. ,. t .l..ti il, li! ■ ■■' 
 
 ,1.,. ' ,ii I -I 1, -I • 
 
 ■■ 1' A 
 
 .^:: _ .A .. -i?^.^ .^m^m. ^: .- 'U 
 
SKIIIMN OK MINI s -j; 
 
 fn Micl.ii;a., th.. „ilt imiustry is vvdl .i,.v.|.,..,.,| ,il„n- tl,.. St (lair , 
 ami Detroit rivw.. •I'l,.. .,ilt is ,i.M■i^..,| tV-i,, th,- I.e.ls of the ,aine 
 forniatioa as i„ Ontarin. K.„ ,1„. ,,,„.,„.., • „t , .„„pHris„„ th,- .Ifpths m' 
 at winch rurksalt is n-ached at ,i,ft,Mv„t ,„„„rs i„ M.ohi-i- atwl th.. 
 ihickiifssiif thf hfils ar.' _i\cii l,.-ln« 
 
 Mh lii./.tii. 
 
 >ali -iiurL •|1iH-ki,,... 
 
 int\ \\ v.iihI. 
 
 -im I, 
 ■•I" 
 
 1. 1.' 
 
 [r ,.ii.l -ll ,;, in 
 
 
 
 
 !.(;*»:. 
 
 i i-i ■ !,r\ St. 
 
 ' ■' 1 1 
 
 
 I'i".',' 
 
 M. 
 
 1 111'- 
 
 ■IT \ 
 
 i.r<ni 
 
 1'., 
 
 i. r.M l;. 
 
 t III 
 
 V;,l .V 
 
 
 I.Mm 
 
 ■J, 1 1 
 
 I:.-skI... th.- l,o,ls.,t rnok salt, thnv is au„th..r .,,urv. l,,„„uhirh 
 -alt is MKUiufarture.l in Mic-hi-an. This is th,- brin- «•)„. h ,s f,..:,,-! 
 .n iho ,,„n.us b,Hls at tl,.- has.- of th,. ( •a,-h,,nif,-r,,us m.-asu,vs, an.i -intii 
 th.. liisrovfi-y of th.. rock-salt, which, n, Micln^'an w ,. l.f, t i,..,, in 
 w..st,.rn Ontario, this hriii.. wa,. ih.- ..nly s,,iitv,. ,,f salt. 
 
 ■ V- mentiunea l„.f,,r.-. n.j niinini,'..f th.. io,-k ~.i:t l»,|. i, ,,, pr.M'nt 
 
 ••.•irri...; on : !,„- ,n af.-,n|.t is n,,w l,..,n:: -.la.l,- ,,n th.- -.-..f ti„. 
 
 O.-tmit riv,-r a i.-w niih-s l,ol,,w the civ of Detroit, to i-ach th,- ti.^t 
 l"'.i "t s.,1, l.v a shaft with a vi.-w to uorkin^- ,t l,v tninin:: n,.-h,.N 
 It is ..xp,.,ne,l th.a Ih,- 1„.,1 will I,.. ,„„t w„h Mt a .l,.,,th .,f sou f,.,., 
 
 r>. -Maniloha h.,,,.. brin,- spnn-s hav,- b.-.-n w,,rk,-,| f,., -on,.- !..n..thof ■, 
 inn,., supplying a stnall lo, al ,h.ma,„l. , m ,1,,. north u.-.tern part of " " 
 l.ak,- W ,Mnip.-,;,'o.sis, at .Salt I'omt, n..ar th.-u.on.h of li,-l| riwr whi.'h 
 -."pti.-s into Dawson bay, salt was ,n unita.r ,ir,.,l n.at.v v.-afs.ago The 
 I. ...St important salt s,,rin^> aiv.i, l„,wc^,-r, ■. that on Vte.l IWr penin 
 •.ula, in th.. .south.-rn p ,rt of Winnip,-:;...,. I.ak... This w.-is the sc.-,,,- 
 ot -salt .nannfactur..as..arlyn. ls,Mo,,|,„,.,al,,„t,, wh.Mi -lanu-s Monk 
 
 ! 
 
 J I 
 
f ' 
 
 .IcAI. Ml(\ KV i)K I AN' \\>\ 
 
 \: niitMli. 
 
 mail U-iii vM.rkiny iIk'm' sprinjj-. In •viy . asc, Imwrwi, tin' pr.Mrss 
 iH,.,l was (.rhiiiuvc, «n(l tli.- >.ill only us.nI t,, Mi|i(,ly l.'f.il .U'limml-. 
 Atl.T .liiiii.-^ Miiiikiuiiii. Iiis •«.n> tnok up iIk- «.Mk, ami in l>r)S, 
 ,u'.,mlinBt.. Pn.tV.sor H r.. Hiiid, t li.^y «.•..• .mi ivinf4 -i. tli.' industry 
 with [iiolil. 
 
 \|, .1 W, Sp-.ticir, Ml til-' rc-|uiil..t tlic<ic.il.'«i.'alSmv.'V ..t Caiiiula 
 t..i l>7IV."i, -nrs .1 sli.Mi .IpMTiptHin nf linw ill.' in.iiiiifaotuu- 
 w.i- .nnrl on al llir liiii.' of his .■\].loial ioii in lli.il .li-liirl , 
 
 ■ Til,. i„aniifa.tuir ..t tlw suit i- .■,,M,lii.t..(l in ;. mil.' ni.innn. J'il- 
 aiv .lii^ f.iiu or liM. t.vl .{.•(■|., mi.l into thfin (lie wuti is inllltnUf. 
 V.i-,\d<- th.'s.-. t.'iii|.o,:uy tiiniai'O^ aiv .■iviMcil. on which aiv phi.P<i 
 ,vii|,oiiitiiii,' [i.-i'is m,;m1c of iron pliih-onrfi^litli of an iimIi in thi.-kncss 
 
 ;„„| live ~iv f.>.- Ion,', liy .iliout. tlii-iM" U'i't wide Hii.l citlht or ten 
 
 in.li.-d.M-].. M.'snic thr pan-, aiv Hays into whiih the salt is raked. 
 No piiiiip^ .,!.■ iis'd. ihf v.al. 1 li..iny liftf<l into IIk' pans diivrllv from 
 the pr l.y iii.-ans of pail-. The operation is conducted entirely in the 
 ,,|„.,, air. The in iiinfa^ i uivil salt is put into l.lrch-hark hoxes, or 
 •■inococks, Icl.lm^ about |0l) pounds each, and is llien ivady for inai- 
 kct Dunn:,' thcs.'ason Mr. McKav, the only [..'fsoii cnu.ii;ed in the 
 husincss, made aiK.ut .".On l.iish.'ls, ..r less than half the .piantity "hi'li 
 haii h.'eii ni.inula.lur.'d in some previous y.-ai-. 
 
 • Th.- tollowin:.; is an anaiysis, l.y myself, ..f a -ample ..f .hi- -all whn h 
 I l.i..iii;ht from th.' w..i-ks. 
 
 \hlL.,. 
 
 11 I.I 
 
 1 ■ .l.l'll 
 
 , -!lil,i,,,t 
 
 ■Si irll'lU 
 
 - lil'!;.'.. 
 
 l;. -i.h! 
 
 
 II l,tHI 
 
 :; |iii 
 
 II :;'.i| 
 
 ■I nil 
 
 .. 4:i'i 
 
 ■■'l"he r,-i,lu.Mon-is|s.if silica, alumina, iron and lime. Tnesalt has 
 a lieht hrowii liiil. an.l is very c.arse ;.'raine.|, owing to the manufa.-- 
 turei allowiiii; the •■ryslalli/ation to i.'o t..o far nndisturhed. 
 
 .1. l; Tyiivll. in his rep.m ..n N..rtli uesfrn M.init..lia, ((ieological 
 >iii\.>\ of'canada, 1 ^'.m l-'-'l, I'aii K i, ^^ives the foil. iw iiig list of point- 
 wher.' I.iiii.' spring's wt'i.' .ili-ciAed : 
 
 Salt Cr.i'k, w.'st of Lake hauplii.i. 
 
 I'.aul-s ..1 .M..-sy M\. r. 
 
 >alt I'.iint, s..iith ..t Lake \Vinnipe;,'osis. 
 
 
SKCIION OK MINI'S ^9 
 
 Mi)nkmain ;Sili Spnn.,'s, I;,,! Dfcr i«iiitisnl,i. 
 
 Pint' I'rpfk. 
 
 Pi'liciiti Hiiy, iimutli of I'l'lican cicck. 
 
 FVIicaii Bay, west sjd... 
 
 M.-uth of I!,-ll riv.T. 
 
 Sail l',,i.,|. 
 
 Sail Point (.cniiiMila, with salt aiva n.-ar i|. l,as,.. 
 
 Silt I'oiut |„ i,!M-nl,i, u.,i-tli si.ic of it, Im-.-. 
 
 Moiilli of Si, .I'll l!i„lc i-ivi-!-. 
 
 I.owiM- l!(>(i 1 r ii\-.T. iiiaiiv iiiai-i'^. 
 
 l! inks of S|lo;ll jwi. 
 Mouili of Swan livcf, 
 
 I hc^r arfoi.iiiii; to tlir -. inir auliioi:iv iijs,- tii-ir -uiir i .■ . hif-il v in 
 Iho Di'voiian fock>, altKo.n,-!, -;,,li j. not al.- n; tV,,ni thv I„ms ot Siiiir- 
 ian a-r. Tl,,. sail of tl,..s,. l„ii.,- -[iiin,-. m, n:- <■, !„■ ,l.,iw,l f,„ni 
 crystals o,vu, I inu srattnc.i tKM,iii;lr,iii ll„' i,„.;.s i,i(i;.|- il,,iiitV..m 
 beds. ,f p.m. rork alt, for nnpre-ion- ,,f s,.], ,-,y taU ai,. v ,.,y com 
 nioii in the (loiohiitcs wlnM-ras iio indi- uioi.v u,ii. ,,i,,.n,-.l fi-.i,, 
 which the ,„c-cncc ot lock,, (It ,ouhl 1... -urmiMd. In ,oi,„. , ;,s,.s li,,. 
 crystals arc so niinicioi;, thai sail imi,t l,a^.■ licci, ),rc,M,,t |,, n,,. 
 amoant of oncthiid ot thc'.vholc ,„,i,. A, ,, i i.l,. t'hc iaii.c i. ict 
 strohi;. lint oiiuis in \.-.a lar;,'c '|iiai,i il ii , 
 
 Samples were c..llc,-|,-,| a.|.i ..o ily-.si ii, th,. !,,i„,iM;.a-v oi' t!;.- (Ic. I 
 gical San,.y ,,i ( anala ami troniih.-i- 'c-t, the i,.;l,,win.' > ,;,!e fihs 
 l)eeii iiiacle up ;-_ 
 
 Su.T. 
 
 M.aie..l., 
 
■'I 
 
 I. 
 
 30 
 
 fiEOMMilCAl, Sl'llVEY OK <ANM>\ 
 
 AnnUvsof 
 lit lif- friiiii 
 M.inif'l«i. 
 
 I - r 
 
 — / 
 
 /. .. — . /- 
 
-K I IKS (iF MINIS 
 
 
 J ^ - '' ; 
 
 '/^ : / ; - : -A - A - r 
 
 / A' 
 
 31 
 
 S.UT. 
 
 An.ih f 
 
 I nil. - fl.Tll 
 
 M,..iii ,, 
 
 m^^^ 
 
 m 
 
 I '4.,-^ 
 
 •Sj,- -^ 
 
 ^^ri!^' 
 
 ,'-T 'A' 
 
.■'All 
 
 ;)•.' 
 
 .KOl.t)i,lCM. HIUVKY OF ( \NMi\ 
 
 I )f Ihi'so liiiiio-. |ii <i. C lliill'iimtiti ri'i oils ,i< fi'llnws ; — " Tlif |.r<i- 
 piiitiDii iif fciit'iijn ^iilihi" inalliT in iIii-m- liiiin-< !•< nut t'xiTH»i\i' jiiid it' 
 certain |'iiiit'> iii^ |iiiii l■^sl'^« iin' had ifinin .<■ in, llicif is no reiij-iui, 
 IdimI oiiiditioiis liiiiiL; t'.iMiuiidili', why tlicy -liould mil Ih' utili/cd in 
 tlir inaiiiifiiftiirr nt' -all. 
 
 At iTc-iiil lln- iiiiliuti y is I'ariii'd on il iiitiin.il- on a siiiiill -.i-.ilo 
 sii|'|ii\ in.; only lor, il demand. .1. li. 'runll dc-.rrili( - llie -.ahiic iiiea.s 
 a- lollows "'riie cliaiait''! s ot tli(.-e -aliiie .uca- ale very ■innil.iv 
 tlirou;:lioiit, iiidthedi' ri i|.|i(ms all eady :;iven of ! In isc on I'eliraii liay 
 and other plaees ini^'ht -iillii e for all, 'I'liev .iii' .;ei;ei.all\ haireli It nt« 
 se\eial .cm- in eMenI, urroundi'd liy a fiiiii;c'of ', l.c' ic'd -.ir |ciaiil 
 {.\,i/n:,,iii,i h i-l'i 'IK lleie aiidtheie -[.fin:;- hiiljhle u|i .end ofleii 
 hiiild iciiinclc-d nioiincl- o| icddi-h -cinler, -c'\er:i' feci in height, in the' 
 centre c f the toll- ol " hh h. 'i\ cr t he |.i iii^'-. .ire lit i li> lia-tii- • i I'h .ir 
 lirine. |).i\\ II I he -id.'- o! ihc -e III .lllei- the « alcl IricUlc s to the .1 id 
 lla -. « III CI- It c.\ c|.oiaic-.s ill the- dry -c i-on-. In oi hi.r plaee- the ['oicl 
 ol - lit u acci ;- 111 the inidd'ci't a hi tie ti.e t <i -cjft in lid. cm i « hic h 
 ma\ ice- .1 M-ci f c -1 ii-e ^i.i- . In 1 he |mc d lniliMes i i i; i- .iie c icn-t.ii.t !y 
 li-iiii.'. Till- ;a- w.t- Iciiiiicl t.) !••■ unintlaiiiniahle, ;incl wi- jirohalcly i. 
 a lai :;c- e\tc i.i i-oin|.o-. li . .f nr. . 
 
 I'm lie I vve-l il! lie- .\- iniho'ii di.iiic t, ■.iiiiic- i.il.c - oc ,ii: . Mi. K i i. 
 Mct'onmll ie|"crl- ! le- [ le-c le e of a :,'ie.it ui in\ id ihe-e in t he ]ilain 
 iioi til. c-iic tc hini: liciii, il:i> c -. ai [iiiii'iit u huh •ii'l i he ( \ |i! c -- II ill- or. 
 tovi eld- the ."^a-k.it'l • «,in liner. Tlie-e like - .ire ,.f all -i,c--, .im..ii_ 
 (hehii.-e-c ,1,, \| u.y l-!ii,.l l.iUe, Clin.' lak-. l'.ijSii,k lake-, ■' The- 
 ! die- \ u'\ I hi'Uuh CI I V iii.-i.i'ol -.dinic V, fi • III the -.i- cci\ end v. ii I 
 .1 thick ciii-t ,f ci v-i dli/c'ci ..ill- doAii lo o'li. II uh;.|i iln wat'i- 
 
 1- ] elf. c 1 1\ fre-h. .Hid the- two e\! r.ine- are iid . ;;e pienllv nic I '.\ ill. 
 -ide In -ide,' 
 
 SS^^nilfeS^^SZlMS 
 
wMIlON Of MINKS 
 
 :!.i 
 
 ItllU-KHJUAPHY. 
 
 l:>:iK,. I. W. H,|.. -i.-.i. S,„. ..fC„„.,.h.. \ : \, iv,; ,,„, M .,.,, M„„,,| i;,|,,„ 
 H ...-.t ih- I'lMv,,,,, ,,, \,,^ l;, ,„.„,,!. 
 
 '■"""" "I'll. I!'i' '■•••I -M- ..f. u,,,,,!,,. \.| \. i> 1 ,.. ,.,„„, 
 
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