^^^.^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 iai2-8 125 IM 13.6 ■ 22 1.1 ;.■« |125 ,U < lAUrnm - ^ ^ o — ^ y^PPLIED^ IIVUGE . Inc jssi 1653 East Main Street ^^~ Rochester, NY 14609 USA " Ptione: 716/482-0300 .=S-.S^ Fax: 716/288-5989 1993, Apptted Image. Inc.. All Rights Resatvad .•\ 4. :i>^ <^ 9i '^ St' & ^^ \\ l\ CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) iCMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Inttituta for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductiont historiquaa Ttehnical md Bibliographic Notn / Notts tMhniquts et bibliographiquM The InititMt* hn anempttd to obtain the btst original copy availabia for filming. 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Original copiaa in printad papar eovara ara flimad baginning with Uia front eovar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa« sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. Ail othar original copiaa ara flimad baginning on tha firat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa^ aion. and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraaaion. Tha laat racordad frama on *?«h microflcha shall contain tha symbol -^(maaning "CON- TINUED"!, or tha symbol ▼ (maaning "END") whichavar appiiaa. Mapa. plataa. charts, ate., may ba flimad at diffarant raductlon rmticm. Thoaa too larga to ba antiraly inciudad In ona axpoaura ara flimad baginning in tha uppar iaft hand comar. !aft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama illiiatrata tha mathod: 1 2 3 L'axampiaira flImA fut raproduit grica k la g^«roait« da: Biblioth«qua Agriculture Cenade Laa Imagaa suivantaa ont 4t« raproduitaa avac la plua grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at do la nattat* da laxampiaira fllm«, at an eonformit* avac laa conditions du contrat da flimaga. Laa axamplairaa originaux dont la eouvartura ar^ paplar aat imprim4a sont flim«s an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darniAra paga qui comport* una amprainta d Impraaaion ou d'illuatration. soit par la sacond ptat. salon la eaa. Toua laa autraa ajiamplairas originaux sont fiimte an commandant par la pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta dimpraaaion ou d'illuatration at •n tarminant par la damiara paga qui comporta una taiia amprainta. Un daa symboiaa suivanta apparaltra sur la damlAra imaga da chaqua microflcha. salon la caa: la symbola —^ signifia "A SUiVRE" la aymbola V signifla "FIN". Laa eaitaa. pianchaa. tablaaux. ate, pauvant «tra nimaa « daa taux da r«duction diffiranta. Loraqua la documant aat trop grand pour «tra fjproduit an un saul ciich«. 11 aat flim* A partir da I angia aup4riaur gaucha. da gaucha k droita, at da haut an baa an pranant la nombra dlmagaa n4caaaaira. Laa diagrammaa suivanta iiluatrant la m4thoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 r' ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE EXPERIMENT STATION. BULI^ETIN LXXIIX. I , 'I FUNGICIDES AND INSECTICIDES. PVBZlamMIt BT imx BaBABTMBirT Of ^OBICVLXVMB ■^prU 9, 1809. .1 . I ■4 ' TORONTO PRINTED 9Y WA^^WICK * SONS i-l MINI8TBB OF AOBIODLTUBS Hon. John Dryden, Toronto. . Oitario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Gnelpli, under control of the Minister of Agriculture. JA«.MaM.M.A p^dent Thomas Shaw ProfeMnr of Agriooltoie Mid Farm Saperintendenl A. B. Shtotlbwobth, B. A. So. Profewor of Cbemirtry. J. HoTW Panton, M.A., P.G.S. ProfesMr of Natnnl Hiatory mad O«ology. F. 0. Gb«nbid«, V.S Profewor of Veterinary Sdanoe. H. H. DiAN, B.S.A. ProfewMT of Dairy HmbMidiy. E. Lawbktoi Hunt, B. A Anirtant Reeident and Iiiathematieal Marter. Oaptaik Waitkb Olabm iMtTQOtor in DriU and Gynuuutifla. 0. A. Zavitz, B.8.A BxperimentaUrt. H. B. SHARHAir. B.aA. .. Awirtant Obemiet A. ICoOAtum. Bn,^ ADViaOBY BQABD. C. C. Jamks, M.A., Seeretcrjf John I. Hobbon, Chairman Deputy Miniater of Agrienltnr^ Toronto, lioebonnigfa, Ooonty of WaUingtoo, Bulle:ti N LXXIII. FUNGICIDES AND INSECTICIDES. more definite result Xn fL^ J ^ ?'?*^' "°°« ^^^^e »ffoSed taining what com poun^^^^^^ conducted for the purpose of aacer- insecta injurious to v^getetiol ^ """*"' *"^ '*«»*'«' *»»« "^^rth^fvL^r-rat«^^^^^^^^^ I have pt t into th^BuUe ^some „Z^'^'^^J"'*^ resulteSf researches in refer^^rtHh? use ^^^^^^ "P'*" *»»« cides. and hope it will Drov« h!„2 / r°' fungicides and insecti- regarding these is rrquir^d' ^ '°' ''^"''""^ ^''^^ information I. FUNGICIDES. rfflM;« and blights ^»»mP'«s are seen m the rusts, smuts, mil- yean, wonderful strides have been m^rinfM.^ ?"« '"" and when the latter is coo ed nour if alnuri^ .•„*« *u * water, and ■„« ehoronghly. sle „K t^ r' rdtLS'th": °fi™? This solution 8nrftv«H hog b-pn as -"..i . a»88oiving the first. the grape and potato blight """ '^"°" '^^"'"^ °^"^«^ °^ Eau CtUite. Thii conBista of copper sulphate, Mnmonia (oom- meroial) and water, 1 lb. copper sulphite, 1} pints ammonia and 22 gals, water. Dissolve the copper sulphate in about 2 gals, hot water, as soon as coot add the 1^ pints ammonia and dilute to 22 gals. A modified form has given better results, viz.: 2 lb. copper sul- phate dissolved in two gals, water, 2J lb. sodium carbonate (wash- ing soda) dissolved in another vessel. Mix these, and when chemi- cal action has ceased add \^ pints of ammonia and dilute to 22 gals. Some dilute even to 30 with good results. This has been lound good against downy mildew of grapes, black rot of gnpe, anthracnose, blight of potato, rot of the tomato, goose- berry mildew and scab of apple when sprayed upon the affected plants. Eau Gruon (Grison Liquid). This consists of sulphur, lime and water. Boil 3 lb. sulphur and 3 lb. lime in 6 gals, water until reduced to 2 gals. When settled pour, off the clear liquid ; this may be bottled and when used dilute with 100 parts water. This is used to destroy downy mildew and powdery mildew of the grape and the mildew of the gooseberry. Cof^aer Sviphaie. 1 lb. in 24 gals, water used to destroy smut on seed grain. 8oak the seed in this for from 12 to 16 hours ; then dip it into lime water for five minutes. The last step is not absolutely necessary, but is an improvement. *Anmoniacrevent downy mUdew of the impe apray ten d»TB befoM ■^nssassa appear, again as aoou u iMwritis are well let, and two or three aoDlioa- tions »(terw«j-d. at&tervab of about ten days if needed. To pwventSpJSSS ■iway before bloMnmt open and alw after they have fallen, and if deemed neoM- lary twice at an intervd of about ten days. ' ~ "**" /'*' '. with 60 to 100 parte plaster, wood-ashes, flour or air-slaoked lime and dnsted upon the affected plants. The wet form is usually used in the proportion of 1 lb. Paris green to 200 gals, of water, but if the foliam IS tender 260 to 300 gals water (applies to application upon the plum. As this green powder does not dissolve it requires to be kept thoroughly mixed. It is an excellent insecticide against potato bug, plum curouho, canker worm, tent-caterpillar grape vine beetle and codling moth. It can be used successfully in nearly all cases of leaf- eating insects. Lomion Purple. An arsenite of lime obtained as a by-product in manufacturing dyes ; is largely used instead of Paris green ; but being more soluble in water it is likely to injure the foliage, and besides iU composition vanes considerably so that when used it is not likely to give as uniform results as Paris green. In spraying for codling moth it is usual to spray after the blossoms fail, when the apples are about the size of peas and before they have turned downwards on the stem, and a second time about ten days after. For plum curculio, as soon as the fruit is formed, followed by two or three applications with an interval of ten days between. In ^)^ on^'"^'°'' " '^***'®'' '^^'^'^ *»>»* ""wd «Pon the apple, 1 lb. m 260 to 300 gak of water. ff , »- ReroMne Emulnon. A mixture of coal oil and water. There are three mixtures of this kind that aroused to a considerable extent : (a) Riley-Hubbard Emulsion. J lb. hard soap in 1 gal. raii water, boil till dissolved, then add 2 gals, coal oil and mix thoroughly for about five minutes. When properly mixed it will adhere to glaM without oiliness. In using dilute with 9 parts water (soft). (b) Cook's Emulsion (soft soap). 1 quart soft soap, 2 quarts boil- ing water. While hot add 1 pint of coal oil. Mix thoroughly. In using dilute with equal amount of water. (e) Cook's Emulsion (hard soap). { lb hard soap, 2 quarts water and 1 pint coal oil, and thoroughly mix while hot. In using dilute with twice the amount of water. These emulsions are very excellent against plant lice, scale insects, chinch bug, cabbage-worm and even rose-beetle. Hellebore. Obtained from the powdered roots of a plant ("Verat- rum album. May be applied dry or as liquid. 1 oz. to 3 gals, water. JLxcellent against currant worm and cherry slug. Pyrethrum. Made from the powdered flowers of the genus pyre- Z' ~7J - i--""- v^» »a^ ousfiuwcr laaixiy. ic fihouicf be fresh, and hence should be kept m closed vessels. Used in dry form, ' part pyre- remedy for cabbage worm. ^ 6 Carbolic Acid Emulsion. 1 part carbolic acid tc 6 to 7 part* of a Bolution cons,.t.ng of 1 quart .oft .o«p or 1 lb. haVin 2 gal water .houlff 1,^ fr?^ trees deatroys bark lice and theC^ li should be well rubbed upon the parts attacked. 1 Sf ^#!r r "*'"'"• ^ ™'''^"''« o' carbolic acid and land plaster LC " ^°'"''' ""^ '^^ ''*• ^' '^"^ ^^^^'•- A '•«'"«dy againstZ; ^obacco The refuse from cigar manufactories answers the pur- irandl"rbK!""°"*''^^°"« ^•"^'^ -'- ^-^-y- P'-^ t^ea d^frnv! \i? k' " '^"i ** P*'"*- ^PP'»«<* *o the trunk of tree, destroys the borers and gives a healthy vigorous tone to the III. APPLICATION OF FUNGICIDES AND INaECTICIDES. m«In!nr^°'°? compounds and mixtuKS are usually applied by i^Srlr^"*^""* machines, many of which are now advertUed, and ^hir^r ^^T'"*'"? *.*•"•" ^ "'^"^ °^**i"«d from seedsmen or tlimZTT^'i '° ^^^' ^'"- ^« «"«»» "« ^-^dily accessible to aD^o'J.^'!?^'"^^' •' °' P">x" ''i" 8*^« ''^^ '"^^^"^ '^ id«« of the fi?^l • * "^^ «*'."''*** ^^ *he use of certain compounds in mak- ing up mixtures. Price per lb.; ^ » m luas H«:^!!""T^*'ll^''•' ''^PP®'' carbonate, 60c.j Paris green, 30c.: Lon- Prbcautions in Spraying, etc. childr^^^^ poisonous substances labelled and out of the way of fru^t ^° "*** continue to spray so far into the season ^ to aflfeot the 3. In making emulsions remembei the inflammable nature of ooal 4. Never spray trees in bloom. 6 Try mixtures on a small scale if you have any doubts regard- ing their effect upon the foliage. * 6. Be careful and thorough in your work. Much has been said of late regarding the danger incurred by eat- ing fruit from trees and vines which had been sprayed with Paris green ; but careful chemical analysis show there is no ground for such an alarm. In the case of somn su«pflo*ed -ppieg '* —a- fou-d that eight tons would rec^uire to be eaten b^for^ a'dow of "poison would be taLen. I~«w« oil .b^) > t :