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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Stre film^s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 A partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche it droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent ia mdthode. 3:x 1 2 3 4 5 6 / ^^/ff'* /" U/< 4 ; tf,.^, .. /, ETHICS OF WAR A PAPER BY HYRON R. NICHOLSON, Piesident of the Young Men's Reform Clnb, Batrie. READ HFFORE THE CLUI!, Barrie, Ontario PKINTKh AT THK KXaMTNKK NHWSl'Al'KK (>1 ^^''"^^^l Comparitively recent data have been affonl...! to th'> civ."] i/cd world to justify the conclusion that crime vul . -i , conduct are scarcely knou-n in the armie o r,; d Itru^i ^ in active service, u'hich not on'y marks a ..re- t • • . ' ->-l and intellectual training if the d. s;;;!:' ..i '\ S, '^,;^:^ pean soldiers are novv taken, but su^^csts doubts I.^m uui" shha^necessardy, those brutalizing^ tendencies u-1 e are' or " ula-ily attributed to ts pr.X'ess even liv thn^n ,..K i ^ ^ coiiKicie i. .he cxt,vmc^iuctv-nr.^tHvr ".,;;;:,',""'''■' fort, an heroic ex.ultation in dan-er faced -^n.l J '"■"'-"""- k ndly now of home affections, u-ere the nK)st strik.n- c u-.r .-r istics That which calls forth in those en-aoed t r'nn i : sagacity promptness in resource, presence Xii 7s ft 'uro? and contempt of death^-which knits tooether offceis n ^ ' o^^ i. 4-1 • -^ rci^raiu It — unless we are oreDirn^l t,, ^^ X:!::^'-:::!'"^"'' ■>-'''^'> -""^ ...... 'cZ;;:;\,';; '' The sometliiny in this world aiiiiss 1<> be unrulcUed by-aiid-bye " True, these facts do not prove that war is not in itself -in evil ■ and, unquestionably, if men were perfect, war wou d ce; e u" the question really is, whether mc^n bein^. what cv ^.x" v ai Sr:^:^:'r "°^^^ ^^ '"'^^^^ -Uvltytv wind man. and sen ualK ^ r^'" '"^ ^'^^ ancient throne of wronu st^ tmTr • i" -- ^ "^^-"^ °^'^ to^hi:^,^^:.r : tl S( T Ol "1 n.ilinc be our ^ruidc i,, this mattc-r it can draw the inorai that evil is to be is not thence that t nien. VVc humbly trust, and ceive that the pestil the thou cnce that walkcth b "y"i!4 the h'ves and . we are learn injj; slowly to sands in our cities, is sent y noondav. ant! s work' per- miteth <-xpressK- to slothful' amrc-.rV-r'' "" '' ',"""''" "^ '^^''""^^ >^^"t "' Health is entit'; 's r ;'^*^'> f^)!^"- "^^lect of the laws lunnan and bodilv p. -n-.^^^^^ T^^^^^^ •■"^'.' ^^.^^terioration of ^^•'■th apassin-blm if -.'lo ^T^''"" '"^'^^^'^ fi^'i-^'-'v. but •-■ to nu.ct and con e ib V m'^n^^^^^ but to let wron,. prevail, conchi^ivear-umtn -i^.H-nsM:*' V- r^'"' ''^r''^^''"'^ ^o us a timate mean,: <>.::; ,^\';;";Jr"'^^;"^7;'-';^'-;^^ -•cal and ultimate object ofVar th.P^f ?,""?" '^ "" '^"''^ ^^e the exph.rati..n of M^c^Zl^Jr . H ' "^'"''^ -Xpcdition. life .s risked. The real biec't f .U -r ui '-^"^erprises in which triumph c,f what Is -^i^^^^^^^^ 7"- - to secure the l^as failed to apply the a^ctv o?tt 'j ^'T^i" dip'^^^acx- M^.ofallairainstone wh.Vhr/tl \ ^^^'^ ""^'l ^^'""^ co>.:>^:c,i the theoris^s "^ iio condemn nw.- • ^^'''^"^'th of Law. Now could 'i'Hl it easv either to "st^fl tit ' "''""■'^{^^^^'^7 "^'t-^ cause or motive, ' >f any of those^^^ 1^ i^ 'I i 'h r^"^ '","^f '' ^•'- *^' ^PP'"^^ tor sureU- men arc no ts K ^ ^'^ " '**'^'^'^''' =^^'^^'""-st succcs.s. sacred than tlioeOf others U '" ''''^'^.^ '^'''' '''''' ''^•^'■^ ''^'^ punishment, ..r anv pu sh ncnrV. /'•• n'" ^^^ -'"-^tify capital mjures health M.:venZtd^^^^^^^^^ P'-^''"' ■'"'' Pn.bed. tl-,ecommon\;^" H ^r ''' '^^^"'i^'"''^'". if strictlv the laborer, woulci carcel st. '/m'' ''^ '''" ''^"''^'^'^ '"^"^^ ^■•■«"'- '>'" .he IVvicctheorv J o,u,i^^ '""^-^^^^"t application of these considerati(,nd??./h'^;' ^^^'"^.^' '-^PP^''"-, lookin-into some revision. Men na ura ^'^'^"^1 ''?"""^' '''-^'^"^ "'-• "^'-^^''^ •nutilatcd h-mb , am re^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ""^^ -""^ ^^""^'^ P^'"^ and ..rthe spirit .om its ^^^:^^:^:z^x^^:^ when such separation is ..uckk-n and violent. Maj- sucli abh rence never be less : nia\- such awe never ccasc^ te rr m>stenous sanclity the sacred h"fe .>f man ! Hut if ur into th rid iwc- never cease te n-ard with its man is sent' worl senses, but to vanquish the evil that i^ in iiimsdr.''and'in the world ; It no effort, no sacrifice of co/nfort and happinrss is too pat to only accomphsh the end of his c-xistcnce ; if we honor by universal acclaim the man ..ho for ri-lu an.l truth exposes his -_".vn life; by what lo-ic does that become evil in a nation whicli in rhemd.vidual is honor and virtue ? We must meet and con.uier evil in the form it happens to take, and if ono of these form.s be an armed host workin- wron^-. either bv its ...vn spontaneous impulse, or at the biddin-of a master, what new law comc< into operation whereby wc are prevented from exposin- oui lives in tnis conflict as ri-hteously as we e.xpo.se them in conflict with the winds an.l waters in our search aftei scientific truth or for the produce of distant lands to minister to our needs and luxuries ^ It .seems to us to come to thi.s-that war is anion- the various apnaes by which man's will ha^ to meet and conquer evil ■ and mat like all those a-encies it may bj either a noble discipline or' .1 deyradinj>- and bruta'izins excitement of the passions. Which 't will be, m any ca.se. depends much upon the motiv- of the nation which urges it. and on the -eneral tone of moratitv ainon-- > people If a nation holds national power as a trust, and U' nc duties towards its own people have not been miserabU- nc-- Icc ed. war becomes in the hands of such a nation a divine strument of justice, and the men who carry it on are sublimed ntj the conscious ministers of eternal rijrht. (^nlv a thorou-rh- materialLstic misinterpretation of ChristianitN". a ne'neral epiciue- anism of habit, and confused notions about what determines the eternal well beings of man. could ever have led to such monstrous doctrines as those propounded by Peace fanatics in reference to recent wars. Wc turn from such theories to the facts, and f^nd va, looking all that ,s noblest and most manh- in a nation makintj heroes of peasants and of idlers, hushin- the mean jar I faction, except amon- the basest of mankind, and stirrin-'in he universal heart of a people a stran-e deli-htful sense of bro- therhood and unity. And if. sta-tled by such result from u hat uc arc tau-ht to consider an unmixed exil. -we be-in anew t.- examine the Peace theories promulgated to this dav'in luirope and America. the\- resolve themselves into principles which if "f the t,.„.h ,.,■ „,. ,„at.e. -I w ;^ r ,a "Ik/;::;?^,^'!"-- which a tru.' woman admires are those whirh Po i , '" lencj him to hav, . War has its horr™ s P ■ "'"""^ '"'