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Les cartes, planches. tBbleau. ■ WINNIPEG : CHISHOLM & DICKSON, PUBLISHERS. 1881. o THE REAT CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. -•#^-^p^«- MANITOBA, KEEWATIN, ▲KD ORTH WEST TERRITORIES. GENERAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTRY : )CATION AND AREA OF MANITOBA — DESCRIPTION OF KEEWATIN- A GLANCE AT THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES — CLIMATE, SEASONS, ETC. — PRODUCTIONS AND CAPABILITIES — RAILWAYS AND NAVIGATION — THE OUTLOOK. ■>^" ^■ Wittiiiirrg : CHISHOLM A DICKSON, PUBLISHERS. 1881. C1Y ^ INTRODUCTION. I I wholo ;' I ho utt the Ic The information given in this work has been carefully compiled from the best authorities on the subjoct, and is intended to encourage emigration and aid the speedy devp lopment of the country. The facts given may be fully re^t . upon^ and the emigrant or settler will find in these pages a large amount of really useful matter, and the speculatoi -m11 learn much that will serve his interests in the " Great North | West." CHISHOLM & DICKSON. t)i THE GREAT CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. ■♦ r en carefully jt?ct, and is tpeedy deve B fully re' t. lese pages a eculatoi 'ill Great North ^ CKSON. During the past few years the Province of Manitoba and the whole Cunudiun North-Wowt has excited the intercHt and attracted the aUeniion of all Bnglinh-Hpoaking communities. Throughout the length and breadth of Great Britain the praises of this new country have been soundi ' in no uncertain way, not only by those who have an interest in the country, but by representatives and delegates of Knglish tenant farmers, who visited the country by invitation of the Canadian Government to verify the favorable reports circulated broadcast among the agricultural classes and mechanics of the British domains. In the older provinces of the Dominion of Cana.2.') J lilmigrnnt, »2!>. From Montreal to Sarniaor Collingwood, and thence by the Lakes, via Dnlntb— Ist Class, 8.52 ; Emigrant, $24. Cattle, goods, and agricultural implements are taken at reason- able charges by either route. The lines of steamers from Liver- f |)ool, ( sengei and e occupi to Wii way o reach Canadi A H( outlay if he )i comfoi harrow a certii are, of In oth ably, to pay erty ii per aci a farn honiCKi buys I pay me annual farm, j ordina By I with $ rapid h Settler thems( Witl pleted, Ellice there, exceed Propel th w From ta bi Fan od heat in ftwfty ond AM in tho ttoH on tho icNOta and k'ptomber. .(ins about ii^ultir frost December, pril. The , nnd part thirty and n the dry inpleanant thut in tho n cli mates , is uucom- wever, tho of settlers fho\o, both iitnrio nnd t of those * iVfanitoba Britain are my part of iit-growing dly appre- eoniinuous >ronto, and on to Win- Sarnia or Qth, at tho ication ex- Q proved as under Bay coHt and bilows : — -Ist Class, the Lakes, I at reason- corn Liver- ,i # pool, Glasgow, I'ondon, Bristol, and Irish portM, carry cabin pan- sengcrs at from xlO to £18 to Quebec, according to accommodation, and cmigruiits at from £3 lOs. to £(5 06s. pur bond. The time occupied by theso stoamors is from 9 to 12 days, nnd from Quebec to Winnipeg tho time is 4 days by railway tliroughout, and by tho way of the Lakes 6 days. Settlers from Kuropo can, therefore, reach Manitoba in 14 days from Liverpool, and from any part of Canada in 4 days or less, at a small outlay. HINTS AS TO CAPITAL REQUIRED. A settlor who wants to take up land in Manitoba can, by an outla}* of $2,000, or £400 sterling, secure 16() acres of land in foe, if he pays 85 an acre for it. and provide himsolf with a reasonably comfortable house, barn, stable, pair of oxon, cow and pigs, ploughs, harrows, and all that is necessary to give him a fair start and a a certain competency and happy home for the future. Tho taxes are, of course, much less than either in Canada or Great Britain. In other words, a man with a family can establish himself comfort- ably, on a farm solely belonging to himself, and without any rent to pay or leasehold obligations of any kind, and which is his prop- erty in fee for ever, for a sum which will not equal tho average per acre of ror.t and taxes payable in Great Britain annually for a farm of equal size. He can do this for less by taking up a honiestend and pre-emption right from the Government. If he buys land either from Govcrtiment or from private parties, hi:* payment of say ♦S an acre will bo spread over at least 7 years, the annual amount due being paid out of the surplus earnings of the farm, and being practically, therefore, not felt as an item in his ordinary annual expenditures. By buying land on the reasonable terms of payment, a settler with $500 or $1000 can establish himself very comfortably, and rapidly become independent and the owner of his land in fee. Settlers without any means can by hard work obtain a home for themselves by taking up government land as a homestead. COST OF TRANSPORT FOR CROP. Within two years, as soon as other Canadian railways are com- pleted, grain will be taken from any point as far west as Fort Ellico to Thunder Bay on Lake Superior, and put into elevators there, for probably 15 cents a bushel, but certainly never to exceed 20 cents Propellers will take it from elevators and, passing through the lakes and the enlarged Welland Canal, will deliver it in Montreal for 10 '* From Montreal to Liverpool the average freight may be taken at Ss. sterling a quarter, which is equal to per bushel 15 " Total 45 cents Farmers in Manitoba now state that the cost of raising wheat does not exceed, if it roBchos, 40 centM a buMhoI, ho that wheat will tliorofoio bo grown in Manitoba and delivered in Liverpool at acoHt to the producer, inclndin;;; all chargOH tor transport, of 85 eenlH a bimhol, or 28n. 4d. a quarter. With wheat Holling in England at 40h. a quarter there in thus an enormous profit to lie made by the wheat grower in Manitoba and the North-VV^ost. The average price of wheat in England for the 30yearH from 1869 to 1878 was 53n. a quarter, the highest price being THs. lid., in 1855, and the lowest 39s. 7d., in 1851. At the rate at which settlers are now pouring into the country all the wheat grown in Manitoba for the next two or throe years, until the railways now being constructed are completed, will bo required for food and seed. Up to the end of 1879 (the last official returns) nearly three millions of acres of land had boon taken up by actual settlers in Manitoba and the North-West. That quantity is now undoubtedly largely increased. GOVERNMENT GRANTS OF LANDS. The Government grants homesteads on alternate sections on each side of the railway of ItiO acres free, and allows settlers to take up an additional 100 acres on the alternate sections on " pre- emption," at prices ranging from $2.50 to $1 an acre. They also sell landt' at prices ranging from $5 an acre on the other sections on each side of the railway. SCHOOL SYSTEM. In addition to the excellent education now obtiiinable in the city of Winnipeg, the Government has reserved two sections in each town- ship for school lands, the proceeds of which, as sold, is to be applied to the establishment of good schools. In every part of the country, therefore, as fast as settlement progresses,schoolu will be provided, whore good education can be obtained for children. Municipal organisation is also being put in force already in the older settlements, and will be extended as population grows, so that all reasonable wants of settlers will be fully provided for. TIMBER AND FUEL SUPPLY. The railway line from Winnipeg to Thunder Bay passes through most extensive timber districts near Rat Portage^ where large saw mills are now in course of erection, and which will supply, at moderate prices, all the lumber required for buildings and fences in the western part of the country. Considerable quantities of timber for building purposes, and for fuel also, exist on the banks of all the rivers and creeks, and there are, in addition, groves of poplar all over the country. No difficulty will be found to exist as reg rds timber, both for building or fuel COAL. Large deposits of coal have been discovered on the Saskatche- wan river, and also on the Assiniboine. The former has already .,i»j^~' that wheat jivorpool at sport, of 8B Ih thus an an i to ha and and for tbo ^ho8t price I. 10 country hroo yoarM, :ed, will bo early three HottlorH in ndoubtedly lections on settlors to 8 on '* pre- They also er sections 1 the city of each town- > be applied lie country, • provided, lady in the grows, so led for. Bay passes ige, where ehich will buildings nHiderable also, exist n addition, I be found laskatche- 8 already been worked to Home extent, and the quality it pronounced bv all who have uned it excellent. There will l)e ample fuel of both I goal and wood to be dlHtributed by the lines of rnilway now con- structing, in addition to the timber which is found ou the banks of all the rivers. NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. PROFESSOR MA UN'S EVIDENCE. •BBIRVATIONI IN THE MuRTH-WKliT, LITTLI RAflKATCIIKWAjf AND PIACK RIVER UI8TRICT8. , We condense from ProfoHsor John Macoun's evidence, given before a Committee of the Houne of Commons, March 24th, 1876, some valuable information about the North- West country, which io being rapidly filled by farmers from the older Provinces of Canada, from Great Britain, and from the United States. A colonisation railroad is being built by the Dominion Government from Winnipeg wont, which win give in less than two years a means of ingress and egress for the settlers of this fertile land. The extracts given are Irlef and to the point, but may be relied upon as entirely correct : — " A continuous farming country extends from Point du ('hien to the Assiniboine, at Fort Ellice, a distance of 230 miles without a break. Beyond this there are 25 miles of dry gravelly ground, of little account for anything except pasture. Then follown a very extensive tract of country stretching westward to the South Sas- katchewan, and extending indefinitely north and south. This wide region contains many fine sections of rich fertile country, intorsperned with poplar groven, rolling, treeless prairie, salt lakes, saline and other marshes, and brackish or fresh water ponds. What is not suited for raising cereals is excellent pasture land. Only a few of the salt lakes would be injurious to cattle or horsen ; ana fresh water can be obtained without doubt a little below the surface. "The soil of this whole region is a warm, gravelly or sandy loam. The surface soil, to a depth of from one to three feet, is a brown or black loam, the subsoil being generally either sand or gravel, consisting principally of limestone pebbles ; many boulders are found in some sections. The land between the two 8askatche- wans is nearly all good. Prince Albert Mission settlement is sit- uated in this section. At Carlton I crosRod the Saskatchewan, and therefore know nothing personally of the immense region extending west and south thence to the Boundary. All accounts, however, agree in saying it is the garden of the country. " There is a very extensive district forming the watersheds be- tween the Saskotcnewan and Peace Rivers, and through which the Athabasca River flows for its whole course, and from which it receives its waters. This region is all forest, and consists of mus- kegs (swamp), spruce and poplar forest. Very little is known of 8 this region, but the soil where I crossed it is generally good where not swampy. West of Edmonton, where the railway crosses the section, there is said to be much swamp, but between Fort Pitt and the Forks of the Athabasca there is scarcely any swamp, although it is nearly all forest. " Mext comes the Peace Kiver section extending along the Rocky Mountains from a little north of Jasper House to Fort Liard, lat. 61° north ; and from the former point to the west end of Little Slave Lake ; thence to the forks of the Athabasca, and down that river to Athabasca Lake, and from thence to Fort Liard. The upper part of this immense area is principally prairie, extending on both sides of the Peace River." * * * " I consider nearly all the Peace Hiver section to be well suited for raising cereals of nil kinds, and at least two-thirds of it fit for wheat. The soil of this section is as good as any part of Manitoba, and the climate, if anything, is milder. " The Thickwood country, drained by the Athabasca, has gen- erally good soil, but it is wet and cold. At least one-half is good for raising barley and wheat, while much of the remainder would make first-class pasture and meadow lands. " I am not so well acquainted with the Saskatchewan section, but, from what I know of it, it has generally good soil and a climate not unsuitable for wheat raiHing. Between Fort Pitt and Edmon- ton there is a tract which I consider subject to summer frosts, but it would produce immense crops of hay. This district is the only dangerous one in the Saskatchewan country. '* Cultivation, like that of Ontario, would give a much greater yield, as there are more grains to the ear than in Ontario. The grain is heavier. Peas will always be a heavy crop in the North West, as the soil is suitable, and a little frost does them no harm. *• All my observations tended to show that the whole Peace Biver country was just as capable of successful settlement as Man- itoba. The soil seems to be richer — the country contains more wood — there are no saline marshes or lakes; the water is aW good — there are no summer frosts — spring Is just as early, and the winter sets in no sooner. * * * " About the 20th of April ploughing can commence on Peace River, and from data in my possession the same may be said of the Little Saskatchewan regions generally." STOCK-RAISING. " The country, in my opinion, is well suited for stock-raising throughout its whole extent. The winters are certainly cold, but the climate is dry, and the winter snows are light, both as to depth and weight. All kinds of animals have thicker coats in cold cli- mates than in warm ones, so that the thicker coat counterbalances the greater cold. Dry snow never injures cattle in Ontario. No other kind ever falls in Manitoba or the North- West, so that there can be no trouble from this cause. Cattle winter just as well on the Athabasca and Peace Rivers as they do in Manitoba ; and Mr. S food where sroHHes the >rt Pitt and p, although fthe Rocky Liard, lat. id of Little down that iiard. The , extending well suited of it fit for f Manitoba, ca, has gen- ial f is good nder would ^an section, nda climate Eind Edmon- r frosts, but t is the only uch greater itario. The n the North m no harm, vhole Peace tent as Man- n tains more r \B all good •ly, and the ice on Peace ly be said of stock-raising ily cold, but 1 as to depth ;s in cold cli- nterbalances Ontario. No so that there st as well on )ba : and Mr. Ifrrant, who has been living on Rat Creek, Manitoba, for a number j'ears, says that cuttle give loss trouble there than they do in lova Scotia. Horses winter out without feed other than what ley pick up, from Peace Rivor to Manitoba. Sheep, cattle, and )rseH will rcqiire less attention and not I'equire to be fed as long I we now feed them in Ontario. Owing to the light rain-fail the icut grass is almost as good as hay when the winter sets in, j^hich it does without the heavy rains of the east. This grass re- gains good all winter, as the dry snow does not rot it. In the kring the snow leaves it almost as good as ever, so that cattle can rt it until the young grass appears. From five to six months is )ut the time cattle will require to be fed, and shelter will alto- Jthor depend on the farmer. *• Five-sixths of all the timber is poplar, and is invariably a sign ^dry soil and good land. Balsam poplar is very abundant on the lands in all the north-western rivers, often attaining a diameter ""from six to ten feet, even as ftir north as Fort Simpson. White Jruee grows to a very large size on all the watersheds and slopes ^ the south bank of the Peace River, on islands in all the rivers, id very abundantly on the low lands at the west end of Lake Uhabasca. I have often seen it over three feet in diameter, but ie usual size is from one to two feet. The Peace River is navigable from the Rocky Mountains for least 500 miles by river, — in none of this distance is it less than feet deep. A canal of two milws would overcome the obstruc- ms at this point. For 250 miles below this there is no obstruc- m except a rapid, which I think is caused by boulders in the lannel. Their removal would probably overcome the difficulty. " The Athabasca is navigable for 180 miles above Lake Atha- 3ca. Mr. Moberly, an officer in the Hudson's Bay Company's rvice, sounded it all the way from Fort Macmurray, at the Forks the Clearwater and the Athabasca, and no spot with less than feet at low water was found. Between Lake Athabasca and Arctic ocean only one break exists, but this is 14 miles across land ; after that is overcome, 1,300 miles of first-class river rigation is met with, which takes us to the ocean." EXTRACTS FROM A REPORT OF 26TH DECEMBER, 1879 : The absence of autumn rains in the west is a priceless boon, as it ibles the farmer to thresh and harvest his grain without injury, besides, gives him excellent roads when he needs them most. The progress of the seasons and the labours of the husband- I, throughout the North-West, may be summed up as follows: tarly in April the hot sun dissipates the slight covering of »w, and, almost immediately, ploughing commences, as after I frost is out six inches apring work may begin. Seeding and ;hing go on togethei-, as the ground is quite dry, and in a few rs the seed germinates, owing to the hot sunshine; the roots ISiOBive an abundance of moisture from the thawing soil, and, »ipowingthe retreating frost through the minute pores opened l|||it, by ita agency penetrate to an astonishing depth (often two 1^ feot), all the time throwing out innamerable fibres. By the time the rains and heat of Jnne have come, abundance of roots have formed, and the crop rushes to quick maturity. It is just as much owing to the opening power of the frost as to the fertility of the soil, that the enormous crops of the North-West are due, and, as long as the present seasons continue, bo long will the roots penetrate into the subsoil, and draw rich food from the inexhaust- ible reservoirs which I know are there. ' After the middle of August the rains almost cease, and for ten weeks scarcely a shower of rain falls, giving the farmer ample time to do all necessary work before the long winter sets in. These general characteristics apply to the climate of the whole North-West, and the same results are everywhere observed over tracts embracing 300,000 square miles of territory. One import- ant result of this peculiar climate is the hardness and increased weight of the grain caused by it. Another, equally important, is the curing of the natural bay, and our experience of the last two months has been that the horses and cattle do better to collect their own food on the prairie than to be fed with hay. All stock- raisors know that it is not cold that injures cattle or horses, but those storms of sleet or soft snow which are so commun in On- tario and the Eastern Provinces. Such storms as those are never seen in the North-West, and the cattle are never wet from No- vember to April. .," Many intelligent persons are afraid of the winters of the Jlorth-West, as they measure the cold by the thermometer rather than by their own sensibilities. It is not by the thermometer that the cold should be measured, but by the humidity of the at- mosphere, as according to its humidity so is the cold measured by individuals. All through the fall my men never noticed a few degrees of frost, and it was no uncommon thing to see a man rid- ing in a cai't without his coat when the thermometer was below freezing point. J. A. Wheelock, Commissioner of Statistics for Minnesota, wrote as follows concerning the atmosphere of that State, over twenty years ago : — * The dryness of the air in Minne- sota permits a low.r range of temperature without frosts than in moist climates. Tha thermometer has frequently been noticed at 20 degrees without material injury to vegetation. In the damp summer evenings of Illinois and Ohio, for example, the heat passes off rapidly from the surface of the earth and from plants. Jj'rosts develop under such circumstances at a comparatively high tenaperature. The constant bath of moisture has softened the delicate covering and enfeebled the vitality of plants ; and thus a fall of the thermometer, which in Minnesota would be as harmless as a summer dew, in Ohio would sweep the fields like a fire.' '• An atmosphere like this, with a soil of abounding fertility, extending over a region of almost boundless extent, causes me to feel that the words of Lord Beaconsfield were those of a far-seeing statesman, and that our great North-West is truly a land of ' illimitable possibilities.' 2«th I>ecember, 1879. "John Maooun, F.L.S." t Jan Ch Bad in iimt, pra By the time of roots have It is juHt a» to the fertility West are due, ^ will the roots the inexhuust- vae, and for ten farmer ample winter sets in. of the whole observed over One import- i and increased ^ important, is >f the last two tter to collect \j. All stock- or horses, but mmuu in On- lose are never wet from No- vinters of the Lometer rather thermometer ity of the at- i measured by noticed a few see a man rid- ter was below Statistics for phere of that air in Minne- frosts than in Ben noticed at In the damp iple, the heat from pliints. kratively high softened the ; and thus a >e as harmless :e a fire.' ding fertility, causes me to )f a far-seeing ily a land of r. F.L.S." 11 TABLE OF DISTANCES. BY WAGGON ROAD. firiNNIPEG TO WESTERN BOUNDAKY OF THE PROVINCE OF MANITC 3A, AND TO FORTS ELLICE, CARLTON AND EDMONTON. MILK rinnipeg L Janiea ?< Charles 9 [eadingly 13 . Fran(;oid Xarier 19 reon Lake 25 TeSi. Paul 32 ^ong Lake 38 Foplar Point 46 ligh Bluff 63 K>rtRge La Prairie 60 Testborne (White-Mud River) 80 l^alestine (Totogon, six miles north of Westborne) 98 Bautiful Plains 115 MILKS Little SaskatcbewsD 143 Shoal Lake 170 Birdtail Creek 199 FortEllic«>, Aasiniboine River 213 Cat Ann Creek 190 Little Touchwood 328 Touchwood 371 Round Hill 456 South Saskatchewan 502 Fort Carlton, North Saskatchewan.. 520 •Fort Pitt 687 Victoria 809 Fort Saskatchewan 868 Fort Edmonton 880 PEMBINA BRANCH RAILWAY. EMERSON (international BOUNDARY TO SELKIRK). MILM Smerson Penza (Rosseau River) 10 irnaiid 18 Jufrost 26 Uterburn (Rat River) 35 MILES Niverville 43 St. Norbert 54 St. Boniface, opp. Winnipeg 61 Birds Hill 68 Selkirk 81 CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY. RED RIVER EASTWARD — SELKIRK, RAT PORTAGE, LAKE OF THE WOODS. MILIS Blkirk {yndall 8 lusejour (Brokenhead itiver) 16 [hitemoutb (Whitemouth River).. 41 Bnnie 61 ' BT ROAD NORTH SA8KA.TCH3WAN RIVIR. riford 75 ana Lake 77 jolf 83 llmar 91 Ike Deception 98 ktersund 103 It PortHge, Keewatin 113 ji BY ROAD, N0RTH-WB8T. Winnipeg to Penitentiary 12 I " to Victoria 24 # BT RRD RIVER AND LAKB WINNIPBO. .Winnipeg to Gimli, Icelandic settle- ment 56 BT KOAD, SOUTH-WBST. innipeg to Headinglj 13 MILRS Winnipeg to Pembina Mountain 65 " to Rock Lake 115 BT ROAD UP WEST BANK RED RIVBR. Winnipeg to, St. Northbert 10 " to Morris 25 " to Scratching River 42 « to Dufferin 67 *' to West Lyone (opp. Emerson '. - 69 BY ROAD, NORTH-WBST. Winnipeg to Shoal La e 40 St. Laml^rt, Lake Manitoba 55 Oak Point 63 BY ROAD DOWN WEST BANK RED KIVER. Winnipeg to St Johns 2 " to Kildonan 5 " to St. Pauls 8 " to St. Andrews 16 " to Lower Fort Garry 20 «« to St. Clements 22 « to Selkirk 24 * Approximate Bonte of the proposed Muuituba and Soutli fTe^uzn Railway. i)^hij iJ 12 EMERSON. Emerson, situated on the east side of the Red River, at the boundary line, is a well laid out town, with a population of about 1,500, which is rapidly increasing, and the town promises to be one of the most important in the Province. It is the terminus of the Pembina Branch of the Canada Pacific Railway, and connec- tion is made here with St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Rail- way. Bmerrion is one of the most enterprising places in the North- West, has two weekly papers, the Emerson News and the Interna- tionalj and will probably shortly have a daily. It is a Port of Entry for Manitoba, and is fast becoming an important business centre, having a large number of good stores, several hotels, etc., and will shortly have a branch bank. Has a postoffice, with daily mail. There are several churches and schools of the J^jpiscopal, Presbyterian, and Methodist Episcopal denominations. The town has been incorporated as a city, and the corporation is bridging the river at this point. WEST LYNNE. This is a very thriving town, established in the autumn of 1879. It has now about 100 buildings, and is rapidl}' growing. It is on the west side of the Red Rivef, and adjoins the International boundar3^ It is the best wheat market in Manitoba at present, the country west of it, including the Mennonite reserve, being second to none in the North-West, and rapidly filling up. In 1879 upwards of 100,000 bushels of wheat were purchased at West Lj^ine. It has several excellent stores, two large grain warehouses, and a first-class grist mill is also in operation. This town has every promise of becoming a place of considerable size and importance. PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, the county town of Marquette West, is the most important place in Western Manitoba, and is fast becoming a large and flourishing town. It is the seat of the County Court and Registry otfice for Marquette West, and is connected with Winnipeg, dis- tant 60 miles, by railway and by steamers on the Assiniboine. Pop ulation about 1,000. It has three churches — Protestant, Presby- terian, and Wesleyan Methodist — hotels, stores, mills, etc. ; mail daily. A weekly paper, the Marquette Review, is published here, and a branch of the Ontario Bank has recently been established. Building operations during 1880 have been extensive. There has been a large trade, by boat from Winnipeg, up the Assiniboine to this point, which is growing in importance each year. MORRIS. A thriving town on the Red River, at the mouth of Scratching River, 24 miles north of the boundary and 3t) from Winnipeg. ST. BONIFACE. A large and flourishing town at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, opposite the city of Winnipeg ; hao a population ^about U'ish V It fro I >missio krge St 360, ai [iBhop ' |Atholi( ladies' ke thrc ^«ll lai( )me bi present be bu race a lat wa* Jen pic »e Fret i Selkir jterminu! JngH, is \ lis well llteameri! Jranch *acitic € RatP busy 1 ition rhich p \X\ con [trerae c i 13 ver, at the )n of about mi 868 to be terminus of md con nee- nitoba Rail- the North- the Interna- i8 a Port of ant buBiness hotels, etc., 5, with daily Kpi8Copal, The town is bridging imn of 1879. ig. It is on nternational present, the )eing second 879 upwards , Lynne. It ouues, and a 'n has every importance. t important a large and md Registry ''innipeg, dis- tiboine. Pop- bant, Presby- Is, etc. ; mail iblished here, 1 established. 1. There has .ssiniboine to r. )f Scratching iiV^innipeg. the Red and 3 a population 'about one thousand, and ie rapidly growing in importance. The irinh was Ibuuded in 1818 by the Uev. J. N. Provenchor, who was It from Quebec, at the request of the Karl of Selkirk, to establish • mission ut Red River. The tirst chapel was built in 1819, and a krge stoiie cathedral in 1H33. This was destro\*ud b^ fire in 360, and the present edifice erected in 1862 by His Gruce Arch- bshop Tache. St. Boniface is the Metropolitan See of the Roman latholic Ecclesiastical Province of St. Boniface, and has a college, ladies' boarding school, a large hospital, and an orphan asylum, ke three last being under the Sisters* oi' Charity. The town is »ll laid out with straight, wide streets, and contains some hand- )me buildings, several mills, good hotels, stores, etc. It is at Present connected with Winnipeg by ferry, and a traffic bridife is be built acroHS the Red River in 1881, which will make St. Bon- ice a part of Winnipeg. St. Boniface boasts the tirst organ lat was ever used in the North-West, a fine instrument having sen prowented to the cathedral in 1875. Le Metis, the organ of le French population in Manitoba, is printed here. SELKIRK. Selkirk, a flourishing town 24 miles from "Winnipeg, the present )rminus of the Canada Pacific Railway. It has some fine buiid- jngs, is well laid out, and boasts some excellent hotels and stores, well as a weekly newspaper, the Inter-Ocean. Two lines of mmers run daily to Winnipeg; and the completion of the Pembina )rancli to this point and extension of the main line of the Canada 'acific eastward to Rat Portage make Selkirk an important point. RAT PORTAGE. Rat Portage (or Kaka-be-Kltchewan, The Steep Rock Fall,) is busy little town of about 300 re.-sidents, with a floating popu- ition of railroaders, speculatora, Indian traders, prospectors, rbich promises to be a thriving commercial centre when regular liil communication is established. The town is situated at the ttrerae northerly point of luike of the Woods, at the head waters the Winnipeg River, on the line of the 0. P. R. The land upon tich the town is situated is the property of the Hudson's Bay »npany, who have had it surveyed into building lots, for vvhich ^ey find ready sale at from S50 to $150. Desirable locations at 3ond hand are selling as high as $400. The buildings are all of js, although excellent building stone is accessible in the imme- diate neighborhood. The difficulty of obtaining lime is the great uacle to building in stone, no limestone being found nearer than River. The public buildings are the gaol, which is also used a court house, the post office, and a large school house, which Ittrves as a place of worship on Sundays when a clergyman hap- Mis this way — ^there is no resident pastor. Messrs. Manning, IcDonald & Co., contractors on Section B, C. P. R., have a large Mieral store, and commodious offices and dwellings for their staff. Pbe Hudson's Bay Company's post, in charge of Mr. Matheson, is JK^ 14 a neat and comfortable looking building. They have also a large worehouHe and office. BesidoB these there are five general stores, all doing a brisk business. The Keewatin Lumbering and Manu- facturing Co. have a saw mill in operation, with a capacity of 30,000 feet of lumber per day. They find rapid sale for their lumber at 818 per thousand. Fine steamers ply on the lake, carrying freight and passengers to and from Fort Francis, Ash fiapids, North- West Angle, and other poinl-8. Silver and gold have been found in paying quan- tities at several points within a radius of twenty miles from this place. A number of specimens of quartz ha''^ been shown, carry- ing free gold and native silver. WINNIPEG. There is no city in either Canada or the United States that has perhaps attracted so much attention during the last two years as Winnipeg, and it owes this exceptional fact to its having around and beyond it one of the largest and most fertile tracts of country in the habitable globe. It has through this source become the metropolis of what in the not distant future will doubtless prove one of the " most wealthy and prosperous portions " of the British Empire. It is only fitting, therefore, that a city, regard- ing which there is so much enquiry, should have its "material prosperity and rapid growth " made known, and such statistical information atforded as will forever silence those who conjure up in their minds that too flattering a picture is drawn of what was once known as the Great Lone Land, or that the expectations of the citizens of its chief city will ever be realized. Facts are stubborn things, and these are the arguments we purpose adduc- ing in support of our assertion that no city in America has equalled THE UNPARALLELED SUCCESS attained by Winnipeg in less than a decade. It is frequently compared with Chicago in this particular, and very naturally so, as the circumstances surrounding the early growth of both cities are not dissimilar, with exceptional advantage in favour of Win- nipeg. The site of the city is favourably chosen at the confluence of two great navigable streams — the iled and Assiniboine rivers — into which many smaller streams flow. Through the medium of the first river connection is had with Lake Winnipeg and all rivers having an outlet into that large body of fresh water. These rivers and lakes give Winnipeg a SYSTEM OF INLAND NAVIGATION possessed by few other cities in either the Dominion or neighbor- ing Eepublic, and, with slight improvements, must ensure a large mercantile marine and additional commercial prosperity to this growing city. i the t Hud "And habiU visili 000 ^ india thej tion to the coal mines of the Souris, and to the coal systems and richer auriferous deposits of the mighty Saskatchewan, together with railway facilities to the Eastern Provinces, to the United StiJtes, and to the interior of the North- West, must become the entrepot of a great commercial community. After the Red Kiver troubles hiid been suppressed, more than ordinary attention was directed to the North- West, and A TIDE OP IMMIGRATION SET IN, which gave Winnipeg its first impetus as a rising city. THE GROWTH of the city since has been marvellous, and a source of astonish- ^^inent to citizens, as well as strangers. In the interim, Manitoba Wwas constituted a Province of the Dominion Confederation, with i/Winnipog as the provincial capital. This gave a metropolitan iicharacter to the place, and brought the elements of political .autonomy in its train, making it the headquarters of the Provin- jHCial Government, where the residence of the Lieutenant-Governor md all the public departments of the Province are located, well as the superior courts and court house and jail. The lominion Government, too, have made this city their head- quarters for locally transacting business in Manitoba and the JNorth-West. Notably amongst these are the Customs, Inland ^ftevenue, Immigration, Dominion Lands, Receiver-General, Crown (Timber, Canadian Pacific Railway, Indian and Post Office Depart- jnents. Shortly after — in November, 1873 — the city was incor- porated, and from the first January, 1874, may be dated the commencement of its civic career, at which time the population did not exceed 2,000, whereas now it numbers about 10,000 souls. The assessment of real estate, too, which at that time was but a little over $2,000,000, has, in 1880 — leas than six y^ara — increased 16 to nearly $5,000,000, with a proHpoct of a very large increase ir tho ensiling year. The following is n statement of the building operations of the current year, and the actual outlay, as ascertainec by Time's Reporters : — BUHMART. Vo. o Hoopw. Total Expenditun. Northward 46 32 97 87 |2ti:{,!)5l Eaflt Ward 111,15! West Ward 167,12i South Ward 39O,10<, 261 1922,326 If counted by tenements, the number would reach at least 40( dwellings and stores. As will be seen by the above, the sum ot about $1,000,000 has been expended in the erection ofbuilding; during the current season, and this doos not include buildings jusi started and under way, such as the Merchants' Bank, Miinitoba Club, Parliament Houmc, Lieutenant Governor's residence, and some handsome private residences, nor the outlay by the city cor f)oration in street improvements, drainage, sidewalks, etc., nor th« aying down, by the Canadian Pacific, and Manitoba Sou th-Westerc Railways, of a large mileage of railways in and around the environs of the corporation, which can be safely estimated at $250,000. In this connection it will be interesting to note, from a compu- tation by the City RegiHtrar, that the sum of about $1,250,000 has been invested in real estate within the city limits during the cur rent year, involving transactions amounting to an average d about $25,000 each week by our real estate agents and private individuals, the rise and progress of the thriving suburbs of St, Boniface and St. John's having hinged so mucn upon that of Winnipeg, that, to all intents and purposes, they might virtually be assumed as legitimate portions of the city. TRADE AND COMMERCE. The mercantile and commercial interests of Winnipeg are as yet but in their infancy,but from evidence which we will produce it will be seen that giant strides have also been made in this direction. There are at present three banks in the city, all doing a good business, the Montreal, Merchants, and Ontario Banks have now agencies and a prospect of two or three more early next year. The wholesale mercantile trade is fast rising into importance, and an enormous business has recently been developed in theNorth-Wost, Among leading houses that do a larger trade in this department are the Hudson's Bay Company, J. H. Ashdown, Stobart, Eden & Co., R. Gerrie & Co., W. H. Lyon,R. J. Whitla, Mulholland Bros.. Snyder & Anderson, and many others. Goods are being daily carted from these establishments to the railway depots and steam- boat wharves, while myriads of traders, with the traditional Red 1 n fe increase ir f the building as ascertainec Totkl Expenditun. $263, 96^ 111,15^ 157.11 39O,10« BivcM- carts, curry mi oiiormoiirt toiinjvife over tlio pluiii.s us fhrweHl ii llio KocUv MoiiMtaiiis. Tluro are also a nmnltorofart Hiiorutnil ||K)U.sOH in tlio mor(;aritilo linos as can bo (oiind in oitluir Montroul ir Toronto, and all doini^ an iinnionso ainountof business. As tho OHHtoms and cxciso ofllcors hold pi-otty much tho koy to trado in my counlrv, an oxaminaliotiofthoir returns will doubtless rovoal to Qt tho rupid growth oftrado in tho city in tho past low years. Tho ftlllowini; is a statement of tho customs' returns, endintj tho fiscal ytftr 1872, tho tirst rocurdod, and that ending June 'JUtli, IH80 : — l^!72. I8H0. $922,326 )h at least 40(i ve, the sum ot n of buildings » buildingH just ' (ank, Manitoba roeidenoe, and »y the city cor LS, etc., nor the South- Wes ten id theenvirone f $250,000. rora a compu- $1,250,000 has uring the cur an average d ts and private Buburbj of St. upon that of jht virtually be lipeg are as yet I produce it will this direction. 1 doing a good inks hftye now next year. The )rtance, and an heNorth-West. department are tobart, Eden & ilholland Bros.. ire being daily pots and steam- traditional Bed IrnportH Ciinadiiin (looiis Kx|Hirls t!t,:iso.no .■.t;2,Tl i.OO 1, 22 7,00 •)()() 4t;,H;;it iMi 2'.>7,7tH.9^ Restatement fi'om the Inland Revenue De|)arlment isofiuallj'satis- jtory. Tho Irdand Keven j oflico here was started in May, 1873. ic total recoipti! of all kinds for tho first year were $3,797.29. Tho tal rceoi])tH for the > oar ending .'^Oth Juno, 1880, wore as follows : — J/lCPMHO.S.. HflO.OO Tdldiccu Ex. Manulactories !l() !)•) ) . . ..^ Tubacco Ex. WarehouHe 27,7HM.2l f -'v^'-'-" Spirits Ex. Manufaclory 2 J 7. Oft » ri ro\ oi SpiritH Ex. Warfhoune $;«,:{7f .It) ) ■^•S*>^i-^i Malt Ex. Maiiulactoiy " .'{,47- .'it 50 Hill Slamp.- 1,777 Seizure 20.00 Total collected tor tlii.s year $(;7,r)72.45 Increase ()1H,775.1() In 1873, out of 36 Inland -Revenue Divisions, Manitoba stood kirty-sixth on tho list. In 1880, out of 30 Divisions, Manitoba inds, in its collection and business, twelfth on tho list. THE FACILITIES FOR COMMKUCK, lOugh very great, i.ro found to be entirely unequal to tho [uirements of tho city, and tho settlement of tho surrounding mtry is considerably retarded for want of means of transport. ^e great lack is railway facilities, which should be encouraged promoted at as early a date as possible. Tho Eed Kiver is rigable for 400 miles from its source to Lake Winnipeg, and Assiniboine 200 miles from its junction with the Red River, ce Winnipeg is also navigable, and with but one interruption, iGrand Rapids, near its mouth, tho Saskatchevvan, with its two iches, is navigable for over 1,200 miles, making a promising iway for commerce. >UCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS AND OTHER INSTITU- TIONS. ^innipeg, besides being the political and judicial metropolis of North-Wcst, has also become tho educational centre. Tho )vincial Board of Education holds its sittings hei-e, and the city llso the seat of the Univeisity of Manitoba, to which is affiliated B 18 St. John'M Colleijo, o iC of (1)0 oMost here; St. B'»nifaco C<)llogo, wliich has recently erected ft mn^niHcont biiildin;jf, vuliiod nt $30,000; nnd Manitoba Colle;rc, a yonnlace on the l^tb of July. 1871, when Messrs. Stewart Mulvi-y, W. G. Fon.scca, and Arch. Wright were elected School Trustees, a ponition which tin* tii'sl-nameil has ever since held. Tlic tirst hchool was opened on Monday, the 30lh of October, in a finall wooden building HJx2() Icet, with thatclu'd I'oof, not far from the present residenceof AM. Fon^eca. Tno school pojudation was fiO, out of which there was an average attendance oi' 25 pupils, taught by one teacher. The sum of 8452, laised by voluntary j'cd».'*cii})tion, was the revenue available to enable the ti'ustees t(> jnana^ic the school, In 18S0 a Public School Board wa,s elected by the people, h.'iving in their possession one hands(^me brick Cen- tral School and gi-ounds valued at $:}n,()00, and two tine Ward Schools, also of brick, and valued at $7,(»00 each. ]n the first there is an average attendance of GOO pupils, while in each of the latter the avei-age attendance is about 250. The census gives a school pojiulution of 1.000, which amount may seem small when com])ared with the population of the city. This, however, is easily explained, as it is a rule in all western cities that the adult popula- tion is always greatly in excessof that of children. In these three schools there are twelve teachers engaged at a salary varying from $480 ti) $1,200, making an average of about $600 to each teacher. The revenue raised by general taxation on the Protestant portion of the population in support of their schools now amounts to $13,000. Theie in a separate school adjoining St. Marj^'s Church, and another in connection with St. Mary's Academy, that aro largel}' attended, successfullj' conducted, and liberally supported, 'fhe growth of church congregations has al.so been very rapid ; it is but a very few years ago that church accommodation was very limited, and the number of worshippers also very small. To- day there are several stately church editices and others projected. The Presbyterians have Knox Church, a very tine building, cost- ing $25,000, and the Roman Catholics have St. Mary's Church, now approaching completion, valued at $30,000, besides the Cathe- dral in St. Boniface. The Methodist Church of Canada have two churche.s — Grace and Zion — the latter being a handsome edifice. The Episcopalians have also two churches in the city — Holy Trinity and Christ's Church — besides St. John's Cathedral ad- joining the northern suburbs. The Methodist Eijiscopal worship The »e (In Id era t redita )ere h Jsign ( lone u) tJier ci IIS sea,» lop. si IflBUstric l<>^ihem In con ««Iyect o^' do <%tinue( 19 I College, /uluod Ht ouriHliiiig 10 liJulien' L $12,000, cturo just a $15,000. the public (TO d'>ubt if inter citicH vritc. The obu School rs. iSlowiu'l tod fecliool since held. L'lober, in u ol far from ulatioti wan 25 pupils, y voluiilury trustees to wan elected i brick Ceii- j tine Ward 111 the iirsl I each of the isus j^ives a small when iver, is easily id alt popula- the.se three arying from lach teacher, itant portion amounts to ry's Church, my, that are y supported, very rapid ; lodation was y small. To- crs projected, luilding, cosl- iry's Church, les the Cathe- ada liave two some edifice, city— Holy Jathedral ad- lopal worBhip in lictliel, tt nent little brick edifice, and the Baptists in acomfort- *»ble trarno church on Rupert street. There are other in.Mtitutions that might be onumoratod, such as the Winnipeg and St. Honiface llospitals, the Manitoba and Selkirk (-lubH, the St. Oeorge'n, St. Antlrows, St. Patrick and St. Jean |{n|)listc Societies. The Grand liOdge ot A. F. k A. M. has its head-cjuarters here, besides a num- ber of subordinate lodges. The (irand Lodge of the Orange order of xManitolm is e>tablished here, with a number of artlliated Inlges. The Independent Ortler of ()(l and lumboi- establishments, two breweries, JO malt houses, one tlistillor}-, two cigar manufactories, three fur- Ituro warehouses and manuliictories, a soap tJK'tory, a biscuit fac- Hry, and also a number of carriage and blacksmithing establish- jients. In this connection it may be mentioned that five or six 'the leading agricultural implenjont manufactui'crs have hand- le warehouses, doing a inching trade here; in fact, it may bo ^ted, without fear of contradiction, that in no other j»lace of the iniiiiion is the.e so large a trade done in farming imjdements as |"WiMni]ieg. There are sonie thirty-five hotels in the city, some |Which are very commodious houses, and a groat improvement l^hat existed even three yeais ago. There are several daily rH])a])ers, also a job ])rinting establishment and a bt)ok bindery. jre is a manufactory in which stone of a very good (juality is le. There are, in addition to the above, a number of minor istrics that neither time nor space will permit our referring fchem in detail. /• FINALE. In conclusion we can only regret that we have to part with a finlgecl of such vital imporiance and interest to our readers, and O^Ij' do so because our limited space will not j>ermit its being "''Itinued. 20 OAMK. Matiitolm ami tho North- WohI is truly tho sportHnian'H pariullHO, On our pruirios and tlirou^hoiit thu marsliuH waturluwl and |)rairio chickuiiH aro hoyoiid all cninputatioii. Hal)lMts aru in immunHo ninnberH wliorovor ihcro '\n tinihor. Black boarn aro plontiful. Mooso and cariboo aro abundant in certain soot ions, but in hucIi an itnmonso country, and wbcro ^amo is ho plentiful, it would bo utm \wH to commend atjy Hpecial sections. PROVIXCK OK KKKVVATIN. BIUEK HKT.nil OK ITS MINIlitAI, ItllSui'KCKS, — TIMUKIJ IJMITS — MILL- IN(i (il'KltATlONS — l'|{()(,l!i:ss oK IIAIIAVAY ("(iNSTItCCTION. The boundary line of the Province of Koowatin, which lies between Unlari(> an a nnlling and minifig contro. Jthor KtationH along the line (h««o tublo of distanccH) have sprung bto life HH the coriKtrtiction ot'tho rond progro»4() acres. Over 500 townships have already been sur- Byed, containing about 10.000,000 acres, of which' tlw Com- !iny own about 500,000 acres. The Hudson's Bay Company ive also a large number of town lots in Wiitnijieg for sale on sy tei-ms, as also in the thriving town of Portage la Prairie, on 3 C. P. R., 70 miles from VVinnipeg ; Bat l*ortage, on the thunder Bay branch of the C. P. K, 140 miles from Winnipeg, here there arc fine mill sites; at West Lynne, on the west side _ the Rod River, where there is a bi-idge ; at Goschen, Prince Libert district, on the main Saskatchewan. Other towns will be lid out as settlement progresses. The title to the Hudson's Bay 22 Company is direct from the Crown, and all surveyed lands have been carefully reported on by competent surveyors. These lands are the choicest lots in the country, and are offered for sale on exceedingly easy terms of payment. The prices range from $3 to $6 per acre aud upwards, according to location and other circumstances. The terms of payment are remarkably easy, viz., one-eighth of the price in cash at the time of sale, and the balance in seven equal annual instalments, with interest at seven per cent, per annum on the amount due. A purchaser of a farm of 160 acres, at, say, $4 an acre, will only require to pay $80 in cash, and an equal sum every year for seven years, with interest at seven per cent, per annum. A formal agree- ment is given him on the payment of the first instalment, which will be exchanged for a deed on the last payment being made. HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY. FARMING LANDS FOR SALE. The Hudson's Bay Company now offer for sale farming lands in the districts of country described in the preceding pages. They are the owners, under the Dominion Lands Act, of two sections in every surveyed township in the great fertile belt. Each section consists of 640 acres, and will bo sold either in block or quarter sections of 160 acres each. In addition to those two sections in each township, a list is appended of lots owned by the Hudson's Bay Company, and which are now also offered for sale, They comprise some of the very best farms fronting on the Bed and Assiniboine rivers. They include lands in the best prairie dis- tricts, capable of producing iho largest and best crops of wheat, also land admirably adapted for cattle raising ; and a large num- ber of wood lots. These lands are the choicest lots in the country, and are offero'i for sale on exceedingly e.asy terms of payment. The prices range from $-4 to ^"6 per acre, and upwards, according to location ainl other circumstances. The terms of payment arc very easy, vix., one-eighth in cash at the time of sale, and ihe balance in seven annual instalments, with interest at seven per cent, per annum on the amount due. The title to the Hudson's Hay Company is direct from the Crown. The Company is having all its lots in the sovend townships, a^ fast as they are surveyed, reported upon by competent surveyors, so that purchasers can have correct information in regard to the lands they desire to pin-chase. The sections in each township belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company are numbered 8 and 26. The principal land office of the Company is in Main street, Winnipeg, where full information can be obtained by settlers ani! parties desiring to purchase lands. An office is also open at ■) St. Peter street, Montreal, where full information can also be had. repc land an I Tl to w tilitj "exce affon nhe c I beau I lagric 7> ^; stock enou^ good lent c In 'sectio #at ren secure -^ d lands have id are offered I prices range location and arkably easy, sale, and the )re8t at seven }re, will only ear for seven formal agree- ilment, which 31 ng made. ming lands in )ages. Is Act, of two it fertile belt. lit her in block to those two lowned by the fored for sale, g on the Rod st prairie dis- ops of wheat, a largo niim- nd are offercl ) prices range location ami Bghth in cash instalments, nount due. m the Crown, townships, a> nt surveyors, osi-ard to the Hudson's Bay Main street, y settlers ami Iso open at ■) n also be haJ 23 The following sections are taken here and there .'rjra the , reports of the inspectors sent by the Company to examine their lands. The descriptions can be relied on, as they are made from an actual visit to the section. ? These sections are selected in the different districts of the country, tto which the attention of intending settlers is drawn by their fer- \tility and adaptability for agricultural purposes. TURTLE MOUNTAIN DISTRICT. .1 Tj). 3, R.21 W., Section 8. — This section is all fine prairie, with an "excellent soil; there is a fine creek running through it, which -'affords splendid water. There is some good oak on the banks of Sfthe creek which will furnish fuel for some time. The section is -||beautifully situated, and would make an excellent farm either for ^agricultural or stock-raising purposes. I 7)). 2, R. 22 W., Section S. — This section is well adapted for ,4; stock-raising, being rolling prairie with some bluffs of poplar and S^oak, affoi-ding shelter; there is a good stream of pure water known ? pas " Whitewater Creek " running through it. The Inspector who # examined this section says of it, " The above section would make i; an excellent stock farm. It is beautifully situated, and com- I mands an extensive view of the surrounding country." The soil 'p is rich loam of excellent quality. *| Tp. 2, li. It) IF., Section 8. — Level open prairie traversed by i;|? Long river, a stream of good pure water. There are a few oaks ;K and ehns on the banks of this stream, about 20 acres in all, quite ;/| enough to fiirnibh firewood for a long time. Also a fow acres of '% good hay land on thiis .section. The soil is a light loam of excel- :0 lent qualil}-. <# In this district the Company also own a number of well wooded t sections, which will be .subdivided into twenty-acre lots, and sold at reasonable tigiires, to enable settlers who have [>rairie farms to feecure a wood lot in connection with their farm. 1 ROCK LAKE DISTRICT. Tp. 4, R. U IF., Sectijn 2('>. — Fine level prairie, a tow ^;mall bluffs f poplars and willows, and also some hay land ; the soil is good lack loam, of good quality. This (section would make a line farm. Tp. 3, li. IH IF, Section 215. — Is all fine level prairie, with a few mall blutt's of poplar, not large enough for Iniilding, but well iUited for fencing, ratters, etc. The soil is of excellent quality, *land almo.st the whole of the section could be ploughed. The fol- 'lowing is an exti-act from the report of the fris|)ector who visited -this section: "The above is beautifully .situated, and is surrounded ^^y a very fine country, well settled. The soil is light, but very l^ood. The poplar is small, but splendid lor fencing or rafters." The Company also own many other valuable sections in this 24 district, descri}>Uons of vvliich can be had at their offices. This is a well HOttled and well farmed section of country, and |noar the proposed lino of the South-Western Railwa}'. PEMBINA MOUNTAIN DISTRICT. Tp. 2, ^.4 W., Section 8. — High, dr}-, level prairie — the whole of this section might be ploughed. The soil is of excellent quality, being rich, black loam. There is a fine creek running on the south side of this section, aflfording excellent water. No wood on the section, but wood lots are to be had in the vicinity. This section, as a whole, would make an excellent farm ; the purchaser would then have the creek to himself. Tp. 2, Ji. 7 W., Section 26. — Gently rolling prairie, high and dr}'. Soil, rich black loam. This is one of the finest sections in the district. There is a store, post office, and school within a half mile of this section. AVood, both for fuel and building, is to be had in the vicinity. 'Tp. 2, R 4 ir., Section 26.— TJiis section is nearly all level dry prairie, and might, with the exception of a few acres of hay land, all be ploughed. The soil is a rich black loam, of good depth, and capable of yielding large ci-ops. Extract fi'om Ins))ect.or's report ; " The above is a very desirable section ; tiie section south of it is low and wet; all the other sections in thovicinit}' are dry and good.' LITTLE SASKATCHEWAN DISTRICT. Tp. 13, B. 21 TF., Section 26.— Rolling prairie, with a small amouiit of scrub ; there are a few small ha}'^ meadows, about lo acres in all. The soil is heavy loam, with clay subsoil, very rifh; a few blutfs of poplar suitable foi- rails. This section is about S miles from Rapid City, and, as this affords a good market for produce growers, it is one of the most desirable sections in the country. Tjh 15, li. 20 jr.. Section 26.— This section is lightly undulatinij land, free from .'^crub. There is some splendid hay land, about 5(t acres in all. The soil is rich black loam, which would raise largo crops. Although there is no wood on this section, an abundance is to be had in the neighborhood. This section is near Rapid City, on the Liitle Saskatcliewan. Tp. 16, E. 22 W., Section 8.— Rolling prairie, with about 80 acres of haj' land, and 40 acres of good poplar of a superior quality, suitable for building and fencing. The soil is a rich black loam, very good. The shelter afforded by the timber, and the largo amount of good hay, make this section particularly" valuable for stock-raising, wheat is ^he most profitable cla.ss of farming in tlio country. The hay requires no attention, as it is a natural growth. Tp. 15, B. 17 IF., >Se'rf/o/i26.— Gently rolling prairie with slope southward, the greater jiart of this section is fit to jdough, the remainder is covered with bluffs of poplar, some of which is large enough for building })urposes, and furnishing an abundance of wood for fuel. The south-east quarter is traversed by Stony Creek a '/ Ifew y( .lei'til'ir ;#xcelle jioc 'f»u •11 Tp. ] -%sy 8l( )od k >uth-w ?tion tith re; 7>.l! Ith abc le soi wiioie S' BWndow fcf Oak a few m o^fce, an liCWr belli ■. 12, /»'. 10, Secfioji 8. — Lightly rolling prairio, perfectly dry, Umall amount of scrub, but no wood of any size. Tho soil is good ^■black loam, averaging about cloven inches in depth, with day ^bubsoil. Thei-e is a splendid view from this section of Grand ^Valley and the Hrandon Mills. t*' Tp. 12, 7?. 21, Section S. — Iligli. dvy, clean prairio. no scrub ; soil •■%lack rich loam, fifteen inches in depth. Hoction is only three- Hquarters of a mile from the Little Saskatchewan River, and is miito near tho steamboat landing on tho Assiniboino River. The section is boautifiilly sittuitod, and commands an oxtonsivo f iew of tho surrounding country. This is one of the tinest districts in wliiidi lands tu'e oj>en for '>i|Bttlement. In addition to the foregoing sections, tho Company ^^n a very large number of valuable farms, many of which are pie best in the townships in which they are situated. Persons buying farms in this section of country from the Comjiany have "le advantage of beintr in a woll-sottlod district, and also tho Jditional advantage of being close to stores, post office, saw and *rist mills, etc., and also of having a good market for their farm Iroduce. A vei-y large percontjige of tho immigration of the past |few years has gone into this disti-ici of counti'v, which, for tho *&rtility of its soil, and general fitne.'^s for agriculture, cannot bo Kcelled in the territories. BIRD TAIL DISTRICT. !i| Tp. 12, B. 23, Section 26. — Lightly rolling prairie, with general " IS}' slojie to south. The land is all j)orfoctly di-y, and the soil a Dod loam, with sandy subsoil. Oak River, which runs in a jputh-wostorly direction, passes near to the south-oast corner. This ' iction could be ploughed thi'oughout, and, being well situated, ith regard to drainage, would make a very desirable farm. -Tp. 15, J{. 24 W., Section 20. — This section is high rolling prairie, Ith about thirty acres of hay land, and thirt}' acres of small poplar. le soil is a rich sandy loam, with clay subsoil. Almost tho ^ole section mighl be ploughed, and would make a fine farm. Tp. 15, il*. 23 ir., Section 26. — Rolling land with some hay Bikadow, and a considerable amount of timber. It is traversed fc* Oak River, a stream of good water. The soil is splendid black loini, capable of producing tho finest crops. This section is only a^w miles from Shoal Jjake, where there is a store and post office, and is tilso within easy roach of tho grist and saw mills naw being erected by the Company at the Hiding Mountains. 'ifp. 16, ^*. 24 W., Section 210. — Ijightly rolling land, with some hay meadow ; there are a few scattered trees, quite enough to finish fuel lor some time. The soil is good loam, with clay sub- m4I. This section is one and three-quarter miles from Shoal Lake, a&d is also within a few miles of the Riding Mountain mills. "Tp. 14, K. 25, Section 26. — High rolling prairie, with some small 26 amount of hay; no scrub. The whole of the section might ho ploughed. The soil is good black loam of superior quality. There is no wood on the section, but an abundance is to be had in the vicinity. The Sahkatchewan trail to Birtle passes near this section. This section of country is one which has attracted a great denl of attention during the past year as being particularly well adapted for farming. There have been a large number of farms taken up, and houses built, and the district shows every sign of becoming very prosperous. At the village of Birtle, at the inter- section of the main road and the Bird Tail Creek, there is a branch of the Land Office, also post office, stores, &e. BIG PLAINS DISTKICT. Tp. 15, R. 15 W., Section 8. — This section is situated near the North Saskatchewan trail ; it is traversed by a creek of goo! spring water, with a few good-sized poplars on the banks of t!)o creek7 suitable for farming and building purposes. The ««oil is good heavy loam, with day subsoil. The section is beautifully situated, and would make a splendid home for some energetic farmer. Tp. 15, B. 16 W., Sec. 26.— This section is traversed by Stonv Creek, a beautiful stream of clear running water, affording water power enough to run any sort of fnrm machinery. The soil is oi excellent quality, being heavy black loam. There is no wood or the section, but there is an abundance near at hand, the sectioi being situated on the spur of the Riding Mountains, about tc! miles from the Little Saskatchewan, at which point there ai large grist and saw mills in operation, and where the highe> price is paid for farm produce. The above sections are at the northern limit of " Big Plains proper. Ihis district is thought much of by practical person who have visited it. The land is dry and good, and raises exec lent crops. The company have many tine sections for sale in tli district at very moderate tigurcs. The foregoing sections are given to show the different sorts ' land owned by the company in the districts specified. In additiu to those given, the company own lai'ge numbers of sectioi throughout the country, quite as good as those of which the lie cription is given. There has been large tracts of country sii: veycd during the past season, in the Souris district, and also to tl. west and north of Fort b^ilice, on the A^&iniboine. The Ian: belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company in these sections country will probacy be in the market by the Spring. It is of course impossible, within this limited space, to g\' < descriptions of many of the sections owned by the company, b as we have each of the sections inspected in all the townships, ;ii; reports made on them, a correct idea of the nature of the laii quality of soil, etc., can be given to any one wishing to buy any p.irt of the country. Sew -IvOtN [\ might l>« lity. Thoro had in the this section, a great doul iularly well ,er of farms ivery sign of at the inter- :, there is a 27 Schedule op Farms Fronting om thr Red and Assiniboinb Rivers. ated near the •eek of goo.l banks of th^ The 'loil H is beautifully )nio energeli irsed by Stony fording water The soil is o; ia no wood or i(i, the sectioi lins, about to jint there an> •e the highev " Big Plains utical person id raises exec for sale in ilv ferent sorts * [d. In additio [ra of sectioi rhich the de jf country sii; land also to lli [^G. The Ian ;so sections space, to gi company, '' townships,!^' ire of the Ian Ihing to buy -Lot No. Locality. Parish of St. Agathe <( It <( (< CI (( t( . (( « (( (C <( f the finest farms in the Province. Lot No. 132, containing 151 acres, in this parish, may also Ix meritioned. It is situated about 12 miles from the towns of West •bj^n tlMin amon^ Poplai b€(Oom 8plen( in the ean bo ^L-, 29 ed. Lcres). Remark!) 00 Wood lot 00 K 00 (1 00 (< 70 00 Wood lot 00 vM;riptions of these eAQ bo had at the Company's offices. JlANDS BELONGINt} TO THE IIIDSON'S BAY COMPANY. ^hc Company has for sale two sections, Nos. 8 and 26, in every tq, S. i 320 00 3 2 " 26 640 00 4 1 " S 640 00 4 2 " « 640 00 4 2 " 26, W. A 320 00 4 .i " 27 640 00 4 H '' 28 640 00 4 3 " 3.3 640 00 4 H " 34 640 00 6 I " 8 640 00 6 1 " 26, W. i 330 00 6 2 « 8 640 00 6 2 " 26. N.W. } 160 00 6 2 " 7,W. i 320 00 16 2 « 12, S.W. k 160 00 "7 2 " 8 64.0 00 m — 2 " 26, W. h 320 00 89 Schedule of Lxsds— Continued. # M< No. of ' 3a Btr^ . TOWM- Kange. Sections, or part of Sections. Area (aerca). Komarka. '.mt. at ohip. 1 fe°- 7 3 FaihI 2r, C40 00 1 ' ^ « 3 « 7. S.W. i 160 00 '16 8 3 " 25, N.W. ] 100 00 i6 9 3 " (i, S.W. i 100 00 17 10 4 *' 8. S. i 320 00 18 30 4 " 2(1, W. i 320 00 19 11 1 " 2ti, S.K. i 160 00 to 11 1 '• 2(1, W. i 320 00 ai 11 2 '' H. E. i 320 00 32 11 4 " 8 640 00 11 4 '. 2i). S. i A N.W, \ 480 00 14 12 3 *• S, W. A 320 00 l2 14 4 " 8 640 00 .^6 14 4 " 2(;. w. ^ 320 00 14 (i '' 8, K. i 320 00 ' ''-|Bb 14 (i " 8, E. iof W. i 160 00 .^BT 14 C «' 20, S. ^ 320 00 ' '>^^H 6 14 (') " 20, N.VV. i 100 00 'iJ^H 6 15 4 '•- 8 640 00 '^^^1 7 15 4 " 2(;, S. i & N.W. i 4S0 00 5 15 (i " 8. E. ^ 320 00 ^^H 6 15 (1 " H, E.4 ofW.i 160 00 7 15 i> " 2G 640 00 ^■a 10 1 Wt-st 8 640 00 76 n 1 " 26, N. 1 320 00 .37 11 2 " ,s 640 00 ■i 4 11 5 " s 640 00 li n 5 " 2il. S.W. \ 160 00 11 G " K S. .i 320 00 n:l9 11 (i «' 8, N.W. ^ 160 00 '19 11 7 " 4, N. ^ 320 00 fo J4 11 8 " 8 640 00 11 8 « 2(;. s. \ 320 00 11 8 «•• 2ti. N.VV.i 160 00 I? 12 2 " 2t) 640 00 17 13 m ]i 17 20 15 17 18 46 12 3 " 8 640 00 12 4 " 8 640 00 12 5 " r,», S.E.I 160 00 12 « 8 640 00 12 6 " 20, S. ), 320 00 12 7 (' 8, W. i' 320 00 12 'i " 8. N.E. ] 100 00 12 7 " 20, S. .^ ic N.W. ^ 480 00 U 4 " 8,N. ^ 320 00 13 4 " 8, S.W. i 160 00 13 13 4 " 3 " 26, S. i ife N.W. ^ 480 00 640 00 13 3 " 20. S. i 320 00 46 ' 8 7 " 26 640 00 8 7 East 15, N.W. i 160 00 45 45 46 8 6 " 8 640 00 13 ,3 " 8&S.W. i of 26 800 00 14 3 " 8,S.^ 320 00 i Komarks. 31 Schedule of Lvni>w — Continued. RHng(>. 27 " 28 " 28 «' Scotluns, or |iurt of SvctioDH. 2« W. iofW. iufS &26 SfC. X & Sec. 2t; 8 8 8 8(t 2(1, F.iic. 8 8 8&S. .'. * N.\V..i or2(i 8 A' S. i or2») 8. S.W. j Sec. 8 k Sec. 20 2ti,S. i k N.W. J 2i; 8&S.i&N.W. \ of2i; N.E. } 8, Fmc, Sec. 30 8.t S. i A N.W. ] of 20 8, Frac. 20, W. i Fmc. 8 20 20 8, Frac, k Sec. 20 8 k 20 8Frac.\-8. i.tN.VV.i 20 20, 8. i 20 2i), Frac. 8, Frac, k 20 8 8 & 20, Frac 8 k 20 8 & 20, Frac 8 8 8,8. J,&N.VVi 8&s:^ 00 010 00 010 00 OIU 00 070 00 010 00 040 00 1120 00 900 00 100 00 12S0 00 ■180 00 010 00 11 10 00 087 00 1120 00 2ii 70 87 00 010 00 010 00 010 00 73.") 00 12 SO 00 971 00 318 00 (:40 00 389 00 802 00 040 00 P5.i 25 12^0 00 830 00 040 00 640 00 480 00 1120 00 900 00 040 00 077 50 1120 00 040 00 040 00 1120 00 5.38 00 592 25 870 50 210 10 480 00 Remarks. 82 (ITV AND TOWN LOTS. Tlio lludsori's Hiiy Ooin|tan_v luivo also a laii^o nuinbor of lolh for Halo in the City of \Viiiiii|R';^, v.liicli has now a population of npwai'ds of lO.O'.O pi'i-sons. Tlicsc lots arc Mitiial', and arc hcin^ rapidly disposi'd of, at riiodoratu pi'ifM;s. Tho terms of paynu'iit arc oncliflli in cash at tile date of iho piirchasi\ and the Italanci! in lour" e(|iial anir.wil instalments with inlci-est at 7 per cent. ])ei' aiinnm. The Company has alx- laitl out town plots at varioiiH f)thei places, where also lotH are bein^ Hold on terms of payment similar to those at ^Vinnipo,i,^ A town has thus been laid oiii at West Lynnr, on the west side of lied River, next to the boundary of the United States, and M'hero a considerable number of lots have already been sold. Another has been laid out at Hat l*ortan:e. wlicro a station has been established on the lineof railway from \Vinnij)0^ to Thunder J^a\'. Large lumber mills are now being built in tho vicinity of the |)lace, and there is a valuable extent of water-power privilege, belonging to tho Hudson's Bay Compa!)y, admirably adapted for grist mills, etc. At Portage la I'raii'ie, 70 miles w«^st of Winnipeg, a town has been in existence forsome time, and a considerable numborof lots 8ol " ■Pf ^^^7i^Ti^^^55 (MM V WINNIPEG, MAN^ Hittituit. tmtiiiu, mttiiiii. ▲ ND GENERAL NEWS DEALERS, PUBLISHERS OF A VALUABLE HAND-BOOK PRACTICAL GUIDE lOR MANITOBA AND THE NORTH WES OontBlning Umiroad Time-TalilM, Tallin iif DIs- tanoes, Cortdiae Cazettaer of Oltlaa, Towna and Vlllagea, Winnipeg 1871 to 1381 ^^ 8C8T TRAILS and 8jtopping Ptacoair Poat OfWce Directory and Steamboat Commtinlcatlona. Qeneral Naws Agents Canadian Pacific Ballroad. **"te;«S!l*2i!? '**^ ^««K; on the Tralna for Booica, Papwa, Magaztnea, AC, will receive prompt attejRtlen. ■ r V ■ / 1 .,, BIT, Mitt. 18, )K )E ES Of 018- fflSfllHl loatlpns. loHroad. irBookt, mmpt ?-— ,i',i M'^0'^i ^ M S-. Man. CHI r "^— t- F-1:H - L ^ -T" -•-r— ^-t ---4- J ■ -4 4 ! — ^ ~j J_ 1 j^. .*, 1 "1 "1 1 1 aifi- CT opI OJB SA P'^ Pi eto Cl cOf eC cI -k© CI idi " ' " ^^ - -T-, „, , , , , J1 „ ,^, ,., .,.„,, r ---r r — , :: . . _ T- / f> tIt - -- .,— , ,. ,,i ,.,..„ , -i. "*■ 7r ^ -Lu . .\ 1 V- - ■ ..... . ^ N" /r? / [> . . _ . ,. _ .,1 _. . ,. ■ < •"- ' 1 ' y-- i J" 1 S - it-t^ - j---.- -^ T--i-|-|--t- it: ^!v -f- -- -+-h-- - - - _. it ^-^ "" -t - ■- - - _- .- _ . ^N^ itr -. - . -, . c\ iT^i S -^—-^^iEl- ^L' ■ Jl ^i, it 'itt; ^^" """ ^ / i 1 M^ I ^\ /iD ^ -— . ' ^.. fir ^ '' ^ \ BklBF' ll^P'^ l^% " "'^ ' If Ik .It^'mjpi^^ '^^*\.\, Wr _^^ ^^^^»m 4| ''^TMf^^ ^ \ ri W^5^^^^ ^ ^J^ ) '••'■"\ * 1 rx^^v.'^-^^ -^'"— --^ -'- — -iiiiiiiiM t-— - H ■:___ 1 t - !"__.„ H 1 ■ - 1 1 ■ MANITOBA Vdrbcr u^;^ t'f iJu. '1 19 18 '^i" 34 ,7C A, 17 28 21 ?(-■ 25 21 '>2 23 24 If. IR 14 II 13 1^' 1 7 8 9 IG t 5 4 3 2 —i W -^^^ MANITOBA &N.W.TERR1T0RY ^: SHKWIIVCi Sections belonging to Hudson's Sc ale, I luck , 8 Mile s H.B.Co's Sections shewn thus Q l_L, 26 '^^svv/7H2 'I ^ I ^H " / Vi rM ^^-X.^ "n i ^Hj -■■ F i^r-L- i-J,,i /r ^ V-" , 1, , 1 . \ L- 1-- / W<7^ /iTuZ/y 1 ^ \ S 1 ~ ■ ^B .... /-Vii-e ^^H ' / / ! y — "*"^^'^^..r~" lit 1 S \- r ^^ ^^■' ^ J " ~ \^ ^m r ■■■ ■" ' \A 'i^-P J i , , , , 1 "1 M ^^B N - - " "U - . - - _.. t " -iiiv i_ _, 1 ^H ^ " ^™ j_ _ .. =i_i_ ■^M —r- ■ ■■ ' ■ ..... ^i|..... - ^H ^H __i_fii xu'^Sj^'v/'i \ HH '^H -" ( \i ^ — '" ■ ^1 .^ I oi n f, . \ fl J V ^ ' -H J '•**''[ — ^'^l r ^^^^^ / 1/ f'<^' ^^™ ^^H ~^H *"" ^H . "^h" x_. ^ ^.. .^. — . . ~ I— - '^H "^ '^^l -^^H "^H ^^H |_ I 1 ■^^r~ j 1 1 qi ■ \ ^H ^M ~" ~^H _- ^B 1 ~^^H 1 ^H ^H ^H ^^^^L..^ . „„ "" ^H \ '" ^H Jr "" ^^^B \ ^H ^^^^H ^B ..«L ^^^^1 ^H """"■+ " ■ H 1 1 1 1 --" ■ -^ - -^h - "' -- ■"-" — ■ " "^H ._.. « H- - '^^1 ^H H 1 L .J_p.J_ ^■r H _4p II 17 c, fl '' _ _iu iL ^^ js. _^ :2 B — 4|_ _4iiJ--. ' i-U — 1 _j j ■