<^, f^d 1^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 i.i lti|2^ |2.5 ■so "^" hIHH 1, . 1.25 1 1.4 ii4 ^ _ 6" — ► HiolQgraphic ScMices Corporalion 13 WCST MAIN STillT WfHtfTKR.N Y. 145M (>l6)t72-4S03 '^' ^ v.. ^^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CiHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian InatituM for Hratorical MIcroraproductiona / Inatltut Canadian da microraproductlona hiatoriq uas Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographip^M The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which miay significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag6e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurie et/ou pellicul6e □ Cover title missing/ Le titre da couverture manque □ Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or iliustrations/ D Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relid avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along irterior margin/ La re Mure serr6e reut causer de I'ombni ou de la distortion le long de la marge int6rieu^e Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas dtd filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentairss suppldmentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a At6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cat exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mAthode normale de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. D D D Q D Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag6us v Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur^es et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolor^es, tachetdes ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages ddtach^es 0Showthrough/ Transparence □ Quality of print varies/ Quality in6gaie de I'impression □ Includes supplementary materia)/ Comprend du materiel supplimentaire D Th to Th po of fill Or be thi sio oti fin sio or Th shi Til wt Mi dif em be, rig rec m< D Only edition available/ Seuie Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6td filmies d nouveau de fagon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X K 26X 30X 12X 16X SOX 24X 28X 32X ails du difier une lage Th« copy film«d hara Hm b««n reproduced thanks to the gonorotity of: Library of tha Public Archivas of Canada Tha imagas appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in Iceeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exemplaire film* fut reproduit grAce A la ginArositA da: La bibiiothAque des Archives publiques du Canada Las images suivantes ont Mt reproduites avec le plus grand soin. compta tenu de la condition at da la nattetA da rexemplaire film*, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat da filmage. Original copies in printed paper covera are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illuatrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copiaa are filmed bo'^inning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplairas originaux dont la couverture en papier eat imprimAe sont filmte en coi...nan9ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impreasion ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplairas Otriginaux sont f ilmAs en commenpant par la pramlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impreasion ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernlAra page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — »> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". IVAaps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, pisnches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fUmAs A des taux de rAduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA. il est f ilmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. rata elure, A 3 I2X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 CORRESPONDENCE IIETWI'.EN TllK RIGHT IIONOURABLK Sill HOUKirr WILMOT IIOllTON, Haut. AND .1. r,. KOIUNSON, KsQ., iIHIKF JUSTICK or in'PKR CANADA. fi'iiN r\i\: SUBJECT OF A PAMPHLET LATELY I'UliLISHEl), ItNTITI.Kn ''IRKLAND AND CANADA." L O N I) N : .)()}IN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. I LONPON : I'liiti d liy Wii.i lAM ('i.iiWEs ami "'nvi, ^Unifonl Street. ff l)>:i) I CATION. To the Mcmhirs of t/n: Jjcgidahirc <', hth Juii,; iS;W. A '2 COHUKSPONDENCE, kc i •? i Spring Gardens Hold, 2ith Feb. 183*.). My dkah Sih, ^'our i)iiiiii)lilc't fiititlod " Iroland ami raiiiula" has lu'cii road hy nio with att(Mition and with much phMsinv. I am haj)])y to liiid you roturniiicr with such perseverance to iiie important question of Colonization; and I hope you may he at len unoccupied parts of Lower (^mada, it is most probable that the late rebellious movements in that ])rovinco would never have taken i)lace; and that, to say not hinij of other advanlajjes, an immense military expenditme would have been saved to the empire, greater perhajis than woidd have sulKced to meet the whole charge of settling the emigrants. I have reail Mr. Kubidge's evidence twice, carefully; it seems to me to be sensible, and, so far as I can judge, correct. Vou could not, [ believe, have derived your information from a person more worthy of confidence in every respect. When he speaks of conducting settlers to their lands, lo- cating them on their lots, and su])plying them with neces- sary comforts — and when he describes what they will have to encounter, and what they may reasonably expect in their new situation, he speaks of what he thoroughly understands and knows, from experience, and from a long course of oh- (') C'fitii Jitslicf Iiolnn.\f/)i to scrviitiou. I h;ivi> boon iirqu;iintc(l with Mr. Hiihidj^o sinci- lie first l)ccaino a settler in Canada, and I know no one in whoso Ciuulour. into economy of the measure, will be greatly promoted by observing ihese points, all of which are adverted to by Mr. Kubidgo. I hope also thattiio settlers will not be all of one class or country, placed apart from others, but that they will bo mixed, so that there will be less chanc*' of iinhaj»j)y jea- lousies and distinctions being perpetuated. 'J'he settlers sent ()\it in lS'23 and 18'2;"3 were placed upon lots that hapjiened to be vacant, many of them in townshij)s partly settled, so tiuit, by iutermarriagc! and the general ollices of good neigh- bourhood, they havo grailually mixed in the mass of society, and are forming one people, which is favourable to their own happiness, and to the well-being of the colony. I trust also that some provision can be matle which will insure their enjoying religious instruction^ according to their respective creeds, by ministers of approved character. The plan of reserving a portion of the lot to be sold lo till' M'tller at the end of a ctnlain time, I have always (ho\ight judicious, and I lament that it was not constantly |)\irsued. If the settler had been given a jree grant of I 1 1 Sir llohcrt W tlmot 1 lor ton. 7 si'voiify aci'CH, alter he liad rcsidod ii (vrtain tinu* tijjon tlic land; and if the rear tliirly acros of the lot liail bocn ki'pt ill irscrvc lor liini, to bo oIl'iMvd iit the end of ton years, at a certain fixed prictc, tlio consequences woidd have been jjood in every way. On sueh a plan the settler would «;el an adeqnaJe jjrant for nothiii};; and if, from his idleness, or even from misfortune, lie Hln)uld ])rove unablo to avail him- si'lf of tiie rij;;lit of ))re-(>mi)tioM of tin; thirty acres when tin; timi' es|)ired, he would sutler no posit ivo injury; he would only not attain a possible good. In most cases the pur- chase woidd l)e niaile by the pro])or person ; it could be done with certainty anil ease by those who were careful and industrious, excejjt in case of inevitable misfortune, by sick- ness or other casualty. To fail ni making the purchase from improvidence, would incm' the reproach of the neigh- bourhood ; and whenever the thirty acres were disposed of, till! charge of settling the family, or at least a great propor- tion of it, would be reind)vu*sed. Vou may be assiired that you have not expressed your- self loo strongly respi>cting the favourable change in the condition of the ])Oor Irish who wore taken to Upper Canada in I82.} and 1H25, in consequence of your benevo- lent exertions. Disposed, as you naturally are, to believe what has been said on this subject to the full extent, yet 1 am j)ersuaded, if you coidd visit some of these persons now living on their farms, you would (Ind that you had in fact not formed an adecpiate idea of the degree to which they had been raised in the scale of comfort and independence, by their being made the subjects of your (experiments in colonization. Von would find the forn\er tenant of a wretched hovel, without object in life, and almost without power to do anything but mischief, become the absolute proprietor of a hundred acres of land, ecpial in qualify (»f soil to the park that surrounds your residence, and probably superior, with the advantage in many cases of a liviu" I'liii'f' Jtixtirc Kdhinson to slronin of water, and an abimdanro of vvooil of tlu» vory host (Icsciipf ion for fuel ; and lliis he d country, to one us ha])pv as human life can oll'er ? For who is hap])ier than an independent farmer, lonl of the soil, and reaping the undiminished fruii of his labour / And it is not merely the greater comfort that is to be regarded, the plenty of whulesome food, the fu(>l, and warm clothing; but it is the moral improvement that must accompany the change of circumstances. 'I'he head of a family so situated has sonu'thing in his power, Jind soon feels that he has duties to discharge ; he is surrounded by many who, with no greater advantages than he possesses, have risen to attluence. There is, iu short, much to check him in the indulgence of degrading vices, and everything to encourage in him an honest ambition and pride of character. 'I'he results which are witnessed in Canada are most satisfactory. So lonpendent paupers iu the large towns, crimes arc too common among them; and they aro subject to be acted upon by the impulses which it is so easy to give to thoughth'ss, ignorant multitudes under siu'h cir- ciunstances. It is when they become owners of property, wil li their familiesliving on their farms, ai\d their r tak<>s place , and thoiiirli anioiinr thost^ wliu arrlliUH fircuinstancul (M'iinos ari'conunitfcd, aiidsomcliinoH of tlu' worst, (loscriplioii. v* 'Im' sarm* may ho said ol' all cnnummitics, ami, taken an u wholo, the roHidoiit Irish ajrii- ndliiral |in|)idati()i) in I '|i|hm' Canada arc a most valuable I'jass of s('lth'r>. and have done credit to tiie conntrj' they came IVom. I am glad that it occtirredto you to inquire of Sir Francis Head what had been the conduct of the Irish Bottlers land, owe their misery and their misconduct (wlien they do act amiss) to some j)eculiarly unfortunate clrcumstarices, springing from the past history of their country, or in some way attributable to their condition there; and, if their government and their fellow-subjects could, by any exer- tion, rescue them from their present state of destitution, they are worthy of the elfort it would cost, and would be Ibund grateful. Pray, in your details, do not be tempted to assume too low an estimate of the expense attending the s(>nding out and setthng of a family. The good economy of the mea- sure, as one of relief to the country from whence they are to be sent, is so unquestionable, that it would be a pity to starve the measure and make the poor people less comfort- able, by trying to avoid any necessary expense. I am. my dear Sir, Yours, most faithfully, M The Riijhl Hon. Sirli. JV. Hiirtim, Burt. Sfc. Sfc. Sf'c. .1. H. IvODlNSON. lis* m I Sir li. IV. Ilorton to Chief Just ic( liohinson. 1 1 SON. Siidhrook Park, Petersham, ^\\ DKAU Sir, 25/ a May, 1S39. In your most valuable practical letter of the 24tli Pel). you tell me " tliat you hope I may at length succcssruUy attract public attention to the subject of Emigration more decidedly than I have hitherto been able to do;" I cannot share that hope in the xviaUext dcfj^rec. I liave given the juost ample challenge to tlie Legitslature that if there is ntn/ one individual who questions the nccvracy of Mr. Uu- bidge's statement, he has only to move for a Select Com- mittee, and to examine him on those points that appear to him as doubtful. If, on the contrary, the evidence of Mr. |{ubidg(! is unimpeachable as to the state of the pauper eoloiiists of \'^2\\ and IS25, what are the truths that are no longer In he denied ? Why this truth is clear that this great country, which ailvanced twenty millions of money to wipe away the stain of slavery from its Stat uti; Books, has it in its power to remove utterly pauper and penniless agri- cultural Irish to the shores of our North American domi- nions, and to ])lant there those persons Ibi* whose labour a fair and vuhuitary market is )iol at once olTered, for an infi- nitely less sum than is required as the fixed capital (or the mere finpporl and sustenance, at the lowest rate of human food, of these destitute Irish in their own country. After re- flecting upon the moral experiments which have so success- fidly been made, is not this an inquiry irorthy of the (Jritish Parliament f Is it not worth wliile to inquire wh(>ther if supposing 200,000 Irishmen, 200.000 Irish women, and t)00,000 children were to be successfully located in IJritisJi North America for the sum of twelve millions sterling, the consequence of such a well-conducted Government location would not be the voluntary and conq)aratively tniexpeusiv(> following of thre( limes as many individuals who, would be wanted as labourers by these located colonists? Is it not 12 Sir Hohert Hi I mat Horton lo worth wliiio to analyze tdc iiu'.ins which exist for trans- inutint^ the horrible and iincmlurixble poverty of Ireland into the vigour and prosperity of our North American ter- ritorial possessions? Is it possible to suppose that the Loirislature would ansirer that it is far better that Irishmen and their wives and families siiould die in hopeless destitu- tion ill their own ditches, than that the trouble and nausea of a serious inquiry should bo undertaken. I enclose you the foUowin}^ article which has just a])peared in the ' Dub- lin Evening Post :' — >i I '♦ COLONIZATION " IRELAND ANU CANADA. — SIR R. W. HORTON. " We arc one, amongst his many friends, who welcomed the return of Sir Wilmot Ilnrtou from liis gctvernmcnt of Ceylon, in iieahh and lionuur, not only un account of the many estimable and amiable qualities of the Right IIuMoural)le Gentleman — but publicly, inasmuch as his great talents, directed by an indomitable and enduring zeal in the cause of Colonization, are at this crisis especially required for the ])rnmoti(m of the great olijcct with which his name is identified. Long before the Catholic Relief Bill — of which, it need not be said, Sir Wilmot Ibjrton was a strenuous advocate — long before Reform — the discussion upon which, happily for himself, perhaps, the Right Honourable tien- tlcman escaped — and IoHj, before the introduction of Poor Laws into Ireland — a measure, the immediate working of which will, we think, render Emigration indisj)cn8al)lc, we hojic inevitable — he had rendered himself the conspicuous assertor of the policy, the humanity, and *'>e necessity of the measure. Nearly ten years bavc passed since he challenged attention to the subject, by his writings aiul his public addresses, as well in Parliament as before the mixed audiences of London assemblies. lie had many difficulties to struggle with, much ignorance to dissipate, and, what was more discouraging, he had to contend against the aj)athy of pul)lic men, and the indilFcrcnce of the public masses. But he never swerved, be never tired, he never Burrcndcrcd his doc- trine in dcsp;'.ir. lie brought witii 'lim to India his convictions 1 t ■1 ChirfJu\tice llofjin.von. 13 111 mmhatcil stronffth, imd has brought them home to England in a vigour rciiiforccd by study and cxpcrii-ncc. " Ten years, we say, have clapsid since he set about the honet^t and useful work to which he has devoted his best faculties ; and, altliough the public, since tliat time, have fully, we imagine, come round to his doctrines, yet little has been done, until within the few last years, to carry the principle into operation — ami that little, with an exception to which wc may hereafter refer, has been very wretchedly done, indeed. It is impossible, after reading Lord Unt' am's report, to deny that not only the oflicers of the Clovernr .. — a matter likely to occur under the best devised stheines- '".t the Government itself have been guilty of the grossest and most cruel nusmanagemcnt in the transmission, treatment, and locatior" of the Emigrants. Read, for instance, the melancholy, tin; liarrowing history of the poor old soldiers, v>ho were induced to commute their pensions fiir certain acres of forest in the v.il(lerness. Read the statement made by that noble lord — a statement svhicli no one will venture to impugn — of the miserable and perishing Irish Emigrants thrown in thousands on the banks of the St. Lawrence, without any previous arrangement whatever having been made for their reception, their sustenance, or their distribution. But if the reader have nu time or oppor- tunity to wade, as we have done, through the bulky folios in which the nllici.d statements are to be found, let him take uj) the light and agreeable volumes of Mrs. Jameson, the latest writer, we believe, on the subject, and he will (ind enough to excite his surprize at the blindness of those who ought to know better, and liis indignation at their apparent heartlessncss. " But the period from 1830 to 1S3U has been one of fierce domestic struggle. iMuancipiition was carried — l)ut then came tlie French Revolution of July— the Insurrection in Belgium — the Revolt of the Poles — the Resignation of Wellington — Lord Grey and Rcionii — Revolution in the English Poor Laws — the Repeal Agitation in Ireland — tlie Tory Interregimm — Tithes and the Irish Church — the Defeat of Sir Robert Peel— the return ol the Whigs to OJlice — the Irish Poor Law and the Irish Corpora- tions—the constant and balanced struggle, still going on — the close divisions in the Comnions~the anli-Govcniment majority m 14 Sir Ttohprt Wilmot Ilorton to «»i the liOrdrt — the dcuth of two successive Sovereigns, dilFering from each other in principle, as well as in disposition — and the acces- sion of a third. These events have kept, and are still kcepinij the ])uhlic mind in a state of exc'tement, and were more than suHi- ciiMit to occupy the successive Governments for the last ten years on domestic as well as upon European (luestions. '' Tlietime hiis come, however, iJw tinw is //oh, when the atten- tion not only of the Government, hut the jjeoplc, must he called imjicrativcly to the subject of Emiirration, or — for we prefer the wonl — to Colonization. Tlioutrh Enu;liind have itrcater and more wealthy Colonics than any other nation — thouiih she may he justly described as almost the only Colonizing Nation in the world — it is a fact, that no nation, until within the last viif few years, has bestowed less attention on the princij»les of Colonial I'olicy. We cannot afford 8])are or time to ])r()ceed to an inducti\»ly, if the imm- iilightcned lufort and f, relieved icnt work, on a great I's n port, tliat his 's volume, applies an I I a priori demonstrai'on of the political truths in the late (fovcrnor- (iencral's report. With regard to the Mother Country — the working of the Corn Laws in England and of the Poor Laws in [relaud liave rendered an immediate remedy for cvila — the advent of which may Ik; distinctly dcscrihed even hy the most ohtusc vision — absolutely, imi»e.ratively indispcnsahlc. It is under an urgent conviction of the necessity of applying these remedies that Sir Wilnutt Ilorton has published the brochure to which we have referred at the commencement of these observations. " Wc shall ricreaflcr lay some extracts from this publication before the reader — 'observing, by the way, that with whatever indillerencc, as Sir Wilmot Ilorton observes, his theories and his facts were received nine years ago — the sentiment has totally changed. People's eyes arc now open to the advantages — or, as we contend — to the necessiUj of such measures us are recom- numded in the writings of thio gentleman." I feel porsonullyniost obliged to the Editor for the justice which he has done nu>. 1 can oidy hope tliat he. is- ri^ht, and that the eyes of the jnibhc are now ojien to tlu; advan- tajifes. he atlds, necessity, of .such measures as ihose to whicli I have called the attention of the public ; and which call he has inosl impressively supported. Mr. Senior has recorded the o])inioii in liis most valuable article in the ' Encyclo- ])icdia Metropolitana :' — " If any European nation could hope to make Emigration a complete substitute lor prudence, that hone miglit he entertained by the inhal;itants of the IJritisli Islands. '' We have the command of unoccupied Continents in each hcmis))hcrc — the largest Navy that the world ever saw to convey us to them — the largest Capital lliat ever has been accumulated to defray the expense — and a Poimlation remarkable, not merely for cntcr))rize, ])ut for enterprize of this jiarticular description, " Th;t. advantai;es we have enjoyed for centuries; almost from the times of the Tudors we have possessed a large outskirt of Empire far exceeding in extent our European possessions. And yet, during this long |)criod, how little elTect has emigration pro- l(j Sir Robert IVilmot Ilorton (» •luccd on our min>hcrs ! The swarms whidi wc hiivc sent out, iiud wliicli wc now Bcnd out, Bccm to Ijc iustuntaiicously rcidaccd. " Wc Imvi; founded one Empire, and probably ) sul)iect for a moment, if they thought it was to l)e attended by :vnv sort of jiermanent eNpense. 1 sul)mii tl f wil Chief Justice Robinson. 17 icnt out, rci)lucc(l. lU found princiltid ^ts whom af human stato ol' tn.my of lonisls of ■ribod by firmpil ii^ L^ ol" those « jirovinco s beneath inquiiins ianjentaiy ? Why, toniber ot trouhle of ro]>orty ot ■couoniical 1(1 in li^reat idoil upon iment, this ml Irolaml Hsory ami cr may be one hand, the other, emigration, l^ed to en- [ohl it was 1 s\»bmii n plan for your consideration, minutely pointing out in what manner I think such an experiment could be realized without permanent expense. In that plan the conduct of the local Legislatures of the British North American provinces, more especially that of the Legislature of Upper Canada, is necessarily involved. If the calculation of Mr. Rubidge be correct, of which I do not entertain the smallest doubt, a million of persons may be colonized in the British North American provinces for the sum of twelve millions sterling, at the rate of twelve pounds per head, taking the proportions as one man, one woman, and three children, for each family of five indivi- duals, for which number CO/, must be paid. Taking tlie funds at their present price, this sum of twelve millions may by raised by a long annuity for 40 years, at the rate of 21. I3s. 9d. for each GO/, advanced by tiie lenders ; consequently, the whole twelve millions may be; raised for a long annuity of 537,480/. How then is this long annuity to be re-imbursed to th(> British Government, so as, in point of fact, to impose no fresh expense upon the Britisli public? My answer is, that the landowners, clearing their estates of surreptitious populction, (as it has been called,) are to be required to ])ay the w/io/e annuity of 537,480/. for the first seven years, at the rate of 2/. 13.y. dd. for every family of five as above explained. The colonists, after the expiration of this pay- ment, and having their land gratis for this interval of the period of seven years, are to be called upon to pay the same interest charge of 2/. 13.v. \)tl. for every fiiniily of five persons who may be colonizeil, for the remaining 33 years; this debt, which is to be chargeal)le upon their respective properties, may at any time be paid off upon an equitable principle of pin-chase to be laid down, and such payment will at once give them the fee-simple of their separate lots B l*^ S/r R. Jf. Horton to Chief Jus lice Jlo/uii.soii. of land, whirh, imtil (liiit piirclinso, will bo rhnrr thr sanip payment has ceased from being made in Ireland, as already explained. If this annuity interest be received from the colonists, not as rent of land, but as ititcrrst on capital borrowed to make land more early productive, the whole anmiily can be paid into the King's chest, and from thence can be transferred to the treasury in England. Under these circumstances the following most important questions present themselves, which i beg to put directly to you as an individual unequivocally conq)('tent to give most satisfactory answers. First. Are you of opinion that there would bo any im- portant practical difficulty in obtaining this annuity interest from the colonists j)ro])osed to be located, and who are to possess their land gratis for the term of seven years from the period of their colonization ? Secondly. Are you of opinion that the local Legislatures, especiivlly the Legislature of L^pper Canada, feeling the inestimable benefit of this increase of duly colonized jiopuiatioii, would give all the assistance in their poirer, in receiving this aniniity from the located parties, and in transferrins! it to the mot he I )unlry remain, Yours, very faithfully, H. VVlIMOT lloKTON. To Chief-Justice liobin.sov. cV iVr, cVr. cV-. M ed all frj Chhf Juslico liohiiison to Sir li. fi'. Utirhnt. I "J with nil liiml, Hs nlsts, not 1 to niiikf n bo paid slorrcil to important lirectlv to crivo most le any im- ity intorost vho are to years from ^crislatures, 'eelinjj the colonized ■ povvr, in es, and in fully. lloKTON. 29, Half-Moon Street, Piccadilly, Mv Di-.AK Siu. 28 May, 183'.). f have carefully perused your letter of the 25th instant, in which you exjjlain the moans by which you think cmi- <;ration from Ireland to Canada might be promoted \\\to\\ a very extensive scale, to the great advantage of the Mother (^ountry and of the Colony. Your proposition is, that the expense of removing and lo- cating the (inigrants, which you estimate after the rate oi C<")0 for a family, consisting of one man, one woman, ami three children, shall be defrayed, in the first instance, by the British Government — that the funds shall be obtained by a loan upon Government security, which you conceive may be raised upon such terms that an annuity of £2 13.v. '.)(/. for 40 years, will pay off the £G0 borrowed for the removal and settlement of the family as above estimateil ; and you projjose that this Annuity shall, for the first seven years, be l)aid by the proprietors whose estates are to be relieved by the removal of the emigrant, and for the remaining 3.3 years by the emigrant himself, unless he shall, within the period, redeem the Annuity by paying its fair value. This being your proposition, I am asked by you, Isl, — Whether I am of opinion that there will be any important practical difficulty in obtaining this Annuity from the Colo- nists, who are to receive their lands gratis, and to hold them free of any paynient, for the term of seven years from the period of their Colonization ! 2d. — Whether I am of opinion that the local Legislatures, especially the Legislature of Upper Canada, feeling the in- estimable benefit of this increase of population, would give all the assistance in their power, in receiving this annuity from the located parties, and in transferring it to the Mother Country ? js 2 20 Chief Justice Robinson to Ah to iho first qtieslion. thoro is no doubt in my mind lliat the settlor would willinivy the Ui)\ior id there, d by you 1 bo able JO cMul of |)i»idont, t may bo li« ,iblc to it is not ho may, |)j)ichcnd, it indulge , the pay- !!• the ini- Id not be the most e colonies o unkindly it, will be he decides ropayment of money ;t,. And if ijT, and to uiuler his nude, as 1 ley sho\dd « could be lo Canada, t necessary c cousider- of it, and the instalments would not be arranged in a manner that would leave them to bo so lightly felt as they would be under the projmsed plan. Secondly, Upon the other question I have to state that it would be rather rash in any person to pretend to foretell precisely, and with absolute certainty, what the Legislature of the province would do upon this or any other subject; since all Legislative bodies are occasionally actuated by motives and circumstances which are not within the range of ordinary calculation. But while I say this, I do not feel the slightest doubt that your plan would receive from tile Legislature every countenance and support which it may be in their power tu bestow. Whatever facilities could be given by any reasonable application of their authority, I fully believe would be most readily and gladly extended, whetlier you should require their aid for ensuring the more certain and regular payment of the annuity, or for trans- mitting the money to this country. You may safely enter- lain the persuasion that there is no one public object which the people of Upper Canada and the Legislature feel a stronger desire to promote than an extensive emi- gration from the mother country. It adds at once to the value of property in the province, furnishes employment to mechanics, provides labourers for the farmers, and infuses life and activity into every department. The years of 1830-1-2-3 and 4, were years of unexampled prosperity in Upper Canada, because in those years the number of emigrants resorting to the province was very great. The cessation of late years has been universally regretted, and you may be assured that if you can succeed in making the current again flow, you will restore public confidence and prosperity, and will give not merely an apparent but real security to the colony, at a time when it is especially reqtiired. '■>•! Sir Rohn-t H'ltmrjl H or ton lo In looking to co-oponitiou on tlic yxivi of tin* Le^isliituro of Uj)|HM* Cnniula, it will not he forfjotlon that any h'gal provisions which may ho ihoiight (h'sirahle shouhl bo siig- gcstcd to tlu'in in time, in order that their enactments may he all prospective, and, in that respect, free from any ground of exception on the part of the settler. And it is also necessary to bear in mind that the first step in the execution of any extensive plan of settlement, intended to be applied to lf])per Canada, nuist he the ascertaining precisely where the emigrants can l)e located, and in what numbers, so that everything may he arrangt-d and tmderstood before they leave their own country. I remain, my dear Sir Ixobert, Yom's, very faithfully, .1. H. KOIIINHON. The Rio lit Hon. Sir H U . f for ton, Unrl. 13, Ciirnidish Sxt, the I3d of April. A letter, addressed to me by the 3rd inst. post, so as to reach me at Sudbrook Park, Petersham, by Tuesday even- ing, will be in time. I have the honour to remain. Your Lordship's Most obedient himible servant. (Signed) R. WiLMOT HORTON. The Lord fVharncliffe, ^'c. S)'c. Sfc. I addressed a subsequent letter to Lord Wharncliffe, which it is not worth while to record. To these letters I re- ceived the followinjj answei : — Curzrni Street, 20th May, 1839. My dkau Sir Robert, I have consulted with other Members of the Com- mittee of the House of Lords, appointed to inquire into the state of Ireland in respect of crime, upon the subject referred to in your letters of the 29th March and 24th May, 1839, and they entirely agree with me in thinking that that subject does not come within the sc^pe of the reference under which we are prosec ;ting «)ur inquiries, although there can be no doubt of its importance m every point of view. I am, my dear Sir Robert, Ever yours faithfidly, Wharncliffe. •SVr liobert Wilmot IJorlon, Bart. 20 Sir Robert Wilmot Horton to It is not for nic to presume to offer any protest against the decision of the Committee; but 1 beg leave to return my j)ersonal and ptiblic thanks to Lord Wharncliffe for an ad- mission which, as far as I know, has not been made lately by any Member of either House of Parliament, namely, that " THliUE CAN HE NO DOUUT OF ITS IMPORTANCE IN EVERY " POINT OF VIEW." Finding that njy publisher, Mr. Murray, with all his zeal and kindness, had not been enabled to sell more than 38 copies of the history of the prosperous destiny cf the Irish Govern- ment Kniigrants of 1823 and 1825, contained in " Ireland and Canada,'' and supported by the evidence of Mr. llubidge, I have withdrawn ail copies of that pamphlet from him, that th(^y might no longer encumber his table, and 1 here- with beg to place them in your hands for dissemination in Canada, where a real interest will prevail upon the subject. With respect to the fact of that interest, I shouhl not have doubted it before, but it was more than confirmed by your letter of the 28th ultimo. The Emigration Committee of 1827 has the following passage: — " The class of emigrants which your C!onmiittee " contemplate as those which shall have a prior claim to Go- "vernment assistance are — 1st. Irish tenants, who have been " ejected from small farms under the operation of clearing " the property, which is now takuig place as ])art of the na- " tional system in Ireland. 2ndly. Those tenan.s who are " upon the point of being ejected, but whose ejectment has " not actually taken place. 3rdly. A class which, perhaps, can " hardly be included under the name of tenant — the cottiers, " wlio occupy a cabin with an extremely small portion of " land, and who, ludess they can obtain em])loyment, have "no means of paying their rent. Ithly. Cases in England "and Scotland, wliich nnist be made matter of special re- " '.': '^nce to whatever authorities may direct the course of I'lnigranon. M Chief Justice Robinxon. 27 against eturii my >r an ad- lately by tiely, that IN EVERY 1 his zeal 38 copies Govern- " Ireland llubidge, rom him, nd I hore- li nation in ic subject, not have by your ; following Committee lim to Go- have been af clearing ; of the na- .s who are jtnient has jrhaps, can lie cottiers, portion of nuMit, have in England s])ecial re- .' course of I think that no fair man, who reads their correspondence, can doubt that the miserable victims of this inevitable procesj* of ejectment, who have snflPcred untold misfortunes since tho year lS27,miglit have been, one and all, removed to a state of prosperity in Canada, and that without the p^'rmanent loss of a single farthing to the country. This effect would have been produced had the legislature condescended to divei-t a few hours from the consideration of political ame- lioration to that of practical improvement and the direct augmentation of human happiness. Were recommendations wanting to this effect s])ringing from Irish bosoms? Certainly not. Read the following passage, wliich is to be fouml in the Parliamentary docu- nicr.ts of ti' lis country for the year 1827, written l)y Irish Govern lent emigrants of the years 1823 and 1825 : — " Above all, we rejoice that, in this happy country, we •' are stillnnder the Government of our illustrious Sovereign, " to whose sacred present Government we beg to express " the most unfeigned loyalty and attachment. We beg most " respectfully to add, that we cherish the hope that more of " our unfortunate and suffering countrymen, at no distant " period, may, by means of the same generous feeling, be " brought to share the blessing we enjoy." Contrast this passage with the following description of the stato of similar persons in their own country, by the late Bishop of Limerick : — " They were in the most deplorable state, without house, " without food, witliout money, starving and almost dying in " the ditches. I saw an affecting memorial on their part, " praying tliat the proprietor, on whose estate they had been, " would procure for them the privilege and means of cmi- " ^ration. They had, to u\y knowledge, been exemplary "in jH'aceableness amidst surrounding disturbances; but 28 Sir Robert Wilmot Horton to •• from want perhaps of power rather than will, their petition " was not granted. I ventured to predict, that if they were " not in some way relieved, the consequences in winter would " be dreadful — and so they were — ulood followed, after- " trards jrrosccutions, convictions, executions.''^ Is it possible to suppose that any Irishman, whose heart is not entirely seared, can read these contrasted statements without some feeling approaching to sympathy ? Why, with sucli a cheap remedy as the Irish emigrants propose, has this wretched system been allowed to go on from the year 1827 to the present moment? I well know the cause, and if I had a seat in Parliament I would state it. Being anxious to know whether the loyalty of the Irish ■ emigrants in Canada, quoted above, had continued to the present time, I had a correspondence with Sir Francis Head directly upon the subject.* Sir Francis Head answered me in the affirmative : he informed me that the settlers to whom I had alluded were among those who, upon a late oc- casion, marched at once from the Newcastle district, in the depth of winter, nearly 100 miles, to support the Govern- ment. For this patriotic gallantry Sir Francis Head thanked them ; to which expression of thanks they replied, " That they were doing well in the world — that " thkv felt grateful to the british government — and " that they had come to fight for the british constl- " TUTION !" Now, let me turn to the Irish view of the question, pro- perly so called. If an Irish landlord has upon his estate 50 men, 50 women, and 150 children, being either surrep- titious tenantry, or able-bodied men incapable of finding work, these parties cannot be maintained for less than 2d. * This cuiiL'Siionduiice was published " in L'xtciiso," both in my pam- phlet " On thu Irish Catholic Oath,"" as well as that of " Ireland and Canada." Chief Just ice liobiri .vo» . 29 Ir petition ncy were |cr would \d, after- whose iontrasted nipatliy ? emigrants to go on well know vould state )f the Irish ued to the sir Francis id answered settlers to an a late oc- strict, in the he Govern- ancis Head hey replied, 3RLD — THAT fMENT — AND TISH CONSTI- uestion, pro- n his estate ither surrep- ie of finding less than 2d. )th in my yava- l' " Ireland ami per day each, and that under extreme circumstances ol" misery and degradation. The aiuuial expense, therefore, of the maintenance at. home of these unemployed parties at the above rate would be 760/, 8.V. 4(1. Now let us see what the annual expense would bo for the colonization of these parties, according to the principles laid down in this correspondence, and assented to by you. It is as follows : these same 250 persons n)ight be colonized, and themselves and families made liappy and independent, by the payment of an annuity, on the part of the Irish landlord, of 134/, 7.v. Gd., instead of 7G0/. 8i-. 4d., being an annual difference of 62G/, Os. lOd. It will be remembered that I only proposed that tile Irisii landlord should pay this annuity for the space of the first seven years. My reason ibr this limitation is simply this, that my own judgment is satisfied that the Irish colonist himself, for whose more immediate benefit a capital of 00/. has been borrowed, would be both willing and able to pay this annuity for the remaining period required to liquidate the entire debt. It would be satisfactory to all persons interested in this subject to know that Mr. Rubidge, who has had no oppor- tunity of recording his evidence before Parliament, is now practically employed in conducting across the Atlantic a body of emigrants, Irish settlers, with the intention of ulti- mately planting them in Canada : he is enabled to do tins by the munificent and discreet generosity of Colonel VVind- ham, of Petwortli, who is following up, in the happiest man- ner, the conduct of the late Earl of Egremont, upon the subject of Emigration — to whose memory be eternal honour.* * Any person desirous to know the details of what may be called Lord K)^runiunt's Emigration has only to apply to Messrs. Longman and Co,, tor a Letter addressed by the Rev. T. Socket to a Member of Parliament, and which most amply deserves to bo read by every Member of either HouHe. 30 Sir Robert H'^ihnoi Ilmton In Mr. Socket, to whom my note below refers, explains that the object which the Petworth Committee have hud in view, and which tlnjy have laboured hard to promote, is, " to " remove from the minds of persons of all classes, the no- " tion tliat emigration to Canada is a banishment ; and to " cherish the idea, that it is only a removal from a part of " tho JJritish empire, where there are more workmen than " there is work to be performed, to another — a fertile, ln»alth- " fid, and every way delightful portion of the same empire — " where the contrary is the case." Would tiiat there was not a parish in Great Hritain or Ireland, but where the same doctrines were inculcated ! Doc- trines of a precisely opposite nature are imudcated with great zeal, — for example, the author of " An Outline of a System of Colonization," in his anxiety to raise his own views, and to depress mine, has thought tit to assert, in reference to the Government emigrants of 1823 and 1825, and by way of proving that they were experiments which failjd, and that it was impossible to colonize prosperously paupers in masses, that " The poor ignorant, imprudent land-owner " had sunk under his troubles ; his land has passed away to " the dealer in rum ; and the wages of labour near him " being very high, he has returned to his proper condition of " a labourer for hire." Let those who read Mr. Kubidge's evidence and this cor- respondence pronomice whether the above allegation be true or false — let them pronounce whether, in their opinion, it be politically or pecuniarily desirable to themselves that the emigrant settlers of 1823 and 182.'3 should retui ^ to the condition of" a labourer for hire .'" Hut above all I appeal to the honour of the legislature of Upper Canada lor the public refutation of this charge, which has been so iniliis- triously disseminated. The late Mr. Mahhus, one of the most able and en- ■mapu ahief Justice fiohin.von. 31 liglitoncd, but most misrepresented, men, shared my opinions entirely upon the subject of Emigration, — uncqiiivocally so with respect to the advantage to be received by tlie colonies. With respect to the home advantage, he always a]i])oared to me to entertain a dread of the vacuum being tilled up — a dread which I eo\dd never share, for reasons which it would be extraneous to introduce; here. On the 9th of June, 1830, he writes to me, '' Could you " indeed accomplish emigration in an entirely unobjection- " able manner (that is, without any danger of the vacumn " being fdledup).you would, in my opinion, be the greatest " benefactor to the human race that has yet a])peared." The opinion of such a man as Mr. Malthus ought certainly to repay mo for twenty years of continued labour, and for the contemptuous apathy of Parliament and the public. For myself, 1 would not wish another epitaph to be placed on my tomb than the opinion expressed of my exertions in the cause of humanity, in a letter addressed to nie in 1831 by Dr. Birkbeck, the able and benevolent President of the London Mechanics' Institution. •' With respect to emigration and colonization, so Street, Lambcih