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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m*thode. re, ] H>t i ' :#■ : 1 2 3 4 S 6 f FKCtNTISPIECEAv.\nderfciMLARytL"iy!y!U»'""""!l!!il'^'li.''I^ 1 1 UL ^H 11 L 111 ^H ^v( a ^H IV i Wk UN Vc ^ Among other M Ww Hiftoricsl J I.iiiana Tranfport, OCIAN. flijpn recked in ine I'oKTi.ocK and I Captains Mia »! In ihc North Wert iitiisoN aiiU Sa and of ihc-ir Slave Rochok's Voya] tiie Chinefe Tridc I'he intertflinft J riom the South Sea Hamilton'* \'t The FIJRS GE€ H moll tel I if t'ttilc!, HOIX I tIK' L'nc ut ill /Vs;i|io, New Tr i.tiitiiinulrly by ihi Anil, Ncu I ui >p,i.ihcr with a N uvcinnieiit.<— Uik 'nlliji Carteret, I '..liynipli', ll.iriie 'Jl.jJ.ll.l lllo, Kl!4tt .'UN....'. K, ,.„!| |.,.p, "iJp; :ilt«MW,iri',wx'J»r AmWttm Ufw Bant »/ .■■■V»rm.Jtt.Mt\ Ixv^' '^''''^jlillfiy ^*^ '''"'*'* lilt;'; , ,,, , , :dr,)^:.4imf('^Mmm^>'m¥M^ aUil iLL.illllLiLl,llUlliLlU.llllll,]U|JjU| mmtflt-ltimtttlmmtmmymiimmt^ltmtm f .•itNH/t lilt ■S'l'ifnii'"' 'y " • \i-^/f . nHMHiMniinwfnHinN .iiiiiimiii '■ fof'niAr'ift *'t^nti /fill ini f'm/iiMi m < r:r-ar: The Whuti ti(ii OE i; Afliite^ pRINTBO rOK, A NEW, COMPLETE, AND UNIVERSAL COLLECTION iuTHENTIC AND ENTERTAINING Voyages and Travels PARTS OF THE'WORLD. ^ COMTAININO, [Among other Vmages and Travels unJertgken far Di/'coveryy dnqueji, Sctllementt or the Opening of Trade) ' J COMPLETE NARRATIVES,: [ OF THE FOLLOWING MOST IMPORTANT JOURNALS. HOnDn^m ana ^ttfonnea bp Xto^l TM^imff, viz. N'ew Hiftorkal Journals of th* Vov aobs of Captains PiiiLLir, KiNn, Ball, Whiti, «nd Hunter, in the Ships Sirius, Supply Tender, I I.ii'una Tranfport, &c. toBoTANV Bay, I'okt Jachson, Sydney Cove, Njw sol rii Wales, Norfulk Island, &c. in the Sou nieRN lOcfcAN. I Cipuiri WiLibs'i valuable Voyage from Macoa :o tiic Pelbvv I«lan:is, in the Wcllern Part of the Pacific Oce \n, where they were I fl,lp» recked in the Antelope Packet. I'oRTLOCK and Dixon'j Vpyagej to the North Weft Coaft of Amjrica .inJ Rouxd the Worlp, in the King Georne and Queen Charlotte. Captains MrAR 9, Tirrino, and Douglas's Voyages, in the Ships N6otk:i, Sea-Otter, Felice, and iphigenia, from Bengal and China ItnthcNorth WettCoail of AunaiCj. I BaisiUN and SAunnica'a Voyages to the Coaft of .Africa, containing ark intercRing Account of their Shipwreck on board Yarioils VefTels, lend of their Slavery, &c. Ac, I Kochok'i \'oYage to Maoaoascak and the Bast Indiki, including, among a great Fund of general Information, authentic Memoirs of Itiie Chinefe Trade and Mcrclundiiie. The intertfting Journal of Lieutenant Bliuh's Voyage, in his Majefty's Ship Bounty, for the Purpofc of conveying the Bread Fruit Tree fiom the South Sea lllandj 10 the Weft Indies, ini;)uding a Narrative of the Mutiny on bo.ird the Bounty. Hamilton's X'uy.ige Rouxu the World in the Pandora frigate, in purfuit of the Mutineers, who piialically carried off the Bounty, f* 4-rd Irtcludmg a J^e^o, ^ulhciilii. Entertaining, hftruilive, I'uil, and^emfUle HiJIorical Account of iThe WHOLE of CAPTAIN COOK's FIRST, SECOND, THIRD AND LAST VOYAGES, FOR MAKING NEW DISCOVERIES IN GEOOKAPHY, NAVIGATION, ASTRONOMY, &'c. IN THE SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN HEMISPHERES. &e. tic. &c. 'io rvhicb will it added, to make it the moji Complete IFerk of the Kind, Hni< ''» mod celebrated Travel. Complete into .Asysinia, to Dil'cover the Source of the River Nile, in Kgypt. 1 ik;c«ile, Hoiii.iij'i I uiioui Travels, «ir Tour in Ikoia, including intirr New Dclrrlptions of the Mani|ei>. Cufloms, and Pitfi'iit State \\ the Coall of Coinm.iiidcl, M.ulra., liengul, Calcutta, Benares, Oidjegur, .Ablababad, Lucknow, Fyaabad, Uud, Dowlah, Aj^ra, Vc. , Alio, The Uiltory ut I'ouit Tn av lli, or Journiks into the Country of the Hor ihn ro ii and Caffrari \i by Lieutenant Pattfrion. And, New Travels through A R Mil a, and Other Cuuntrha III tb« East. Tranllaied lium the original of M. Niibuhr, CRptainofFnginecrj ' ihe t'niie ot tJve Kii.^ot Den:i>nrl;. A^allo, New rr.ivi'li n the I'Niiin Stato uf Amiriga, Trandated from the French of M. Brisiot or Warvillr, \tho fulTured iitotiunuirl\ by the (lUilloiiDe in l';'ance. Ami, N<» 1 01 «% und Tr \\ ki « through Krami'I, Austrian Ni riim i xnoi, Molland, SrAiK, I talv, Swpedcn, Poia-m:, jic.&c. ap.ithcr with a hew I'oi'R, or SuRvav nf the Russian Kmpijiii according toils prefcnt newl^ regulated State divided into ilitfereuC lovcMinienl .— UikcMife the Subllancc of all other F.minent Naugatori ami 'l'i.iv«ller>, fuvh in Sir Irancii Hrake, Lord Anfon, Bvron, ■.nUii; Ca-teret, Lord Muljjuve. \'ancover, Morle, Parhinfon, Lulwich, Moote, Hanv\.iy> Howard, Drumniond, Pocuck, Shaw, liirver, ..liyniple. Hurnel, lUrctti, rhicknift, Twili, Bridone, Wraxhrilt, Jnhnfon, Pennant. Sinullei, t'urller, Furneauv, Banks, Sulander, iii);.u,ulte, Kimtt, Kol-, Anbury, Ac. .^e. .Vt. 1 ugcihvr witli oilier \'UYAGLS and TRA\'LXS too numerous (o mention in thii Title Page. l)KSCRimN(} IN THE MOST ACCURATE MANNER, UPON AN KNTIRI-: NEW AND INTERESTING PLAN, KVKKV PLACE WORTMV OF NOTICE In Curope. jigta. jirua, anH Ame rica, The WhuU Cumj'ili-d fioin the Otiglnal (ouriuL of the RefpciiUve Voyagers, Ac. and now Publilhcd under the immediate l)liri\ion of GKOIUJE PriLLTAM AJfDEKSOM\ ESQ. id.VISID, COkKFCri'.l) ANO lMPRt)Vl',D, BF //ILIA AM HEJ^^RF PORTLOCK, ESQ, .VITirteJ by many Ok#kmi nnd UiNTLimiN iiiga|t4 in the Various Undertaking!, of which thli'Wuik is CmpofeJ. iltntDmi: •rintbo fOR, AND lOkD WHylMALi AMD HETAiL HY, ALEX. HOGG, AT No. l6, PATl.KNOS It It ROW. W. I'njlor, l.iiile St. Tli«m»i Apoftir, Printtr. ^1 '■y\i ■*'i, 'fl A <':i ' i: <-> \* '^i ^a-'^-* -4 ":'i^^-^ 1^. <■ J" - • • l\/w e>ndP Cnn\ \sj\-2^ . • ^s \A*\V vi - ~x- • J}. *•■■■ '^.' 'T' ■■■, r.i' ■■'\ V v»* ""^^k^^ '""V^'' if- f , ft .\ ' *> »w;l**; * . t . i/i:.. 1 ■ "• A::-..^ . 'i, V. . i': #- ,i'-' I vv. V ' :! \ . ^ '. ^ ■■ '\ V^ ■ • ( NewC IT muft be is no Wo Kccord of tho by our fevera Difcovcrics h in rhe fatigue co.npletc Vicr to fcvcral No feeing that tl have confequi a (lore of In) penfation. I ucknowlc Voyages and fo'UC PARTIC the South or only introduc curious Kcadc that I can prci no Hercules, polTeirion of f( j)erfons of vcf fume, in this maindcr as bef tcntion which cialiy as the u ocnipied my I confeqiiently I and Advantagi As the difp( nnd as no Curl nature ntuft be acquire oculai to the view. Country for th of Refoiutioi, ticulariy gratil grcatcil Satiiita fevcral places Icar or apprcli inconceivable J KnnultJ^i itm.i; OF Oci Inlorniation ol Ian, and com of Keligion, ii bicflings of CI: nuid Icel, or I: J.ivour Ihoiild iii'fs I Such f( on pcrufing tl cries aloud in The Inform: very, is manifi icrprizcs, whic \ariou3 tribes ' (omnion, nnd The unboun vill be a pcrpc In former Ann Avarice, but o Poftcrity the f when wc confic in travelling t! with New mii the magnnninii ilicy were bono There ii noti Voyages and T to engage tlw 349 SB» New Collection /VOYAGES aw^TRAVELS. The PREFACE. ,.r/ IT muft be acknowledged by perfbns of every capacity, the fad being indifputably notorious, that there is no Work which the pen can produce of more utility and entertainment, as a faithful Journal or Record of tholl- extraordinary Adventures and daring Difcoveries, which have been both made and improved, by our fcvcral great and ini.-'p d Navigators. It is true, that I cannot prefume to the credit of all the Difcoveries herein contained, though without arrogance, I think I may fay, that I have had fome ftiare in the fatigue and dangers of making feveral j it being therefore my defign to furnifh the Public with a co.nplcte View of the World, I confefs that befidcs my own labour to derive information, I am indebted to feveral Noble Gentlemen for their kind affiftance and attention : I fay noble, though without Titles, feeing that their own Worth, Abilities, and Merit, have raifed them to Diftinftion and Command, and have confequcntly acquired more Fame than ever Birth or hereditary Honors could bellow. With fuch a (lore of Information united, I hope therefore to complete a Tafk which in itfclf will be ample Com- penfacion. I acknowledgf that the Public have, from time to time, been prefcntcd with Narratives of many curious Voyages and Travels well worthy our perufal and encouragement ; but thefe are naturally confined to fo'ue PARTICULAR parts of the World : the Readers of fuch detached Publications muft either abide in the South or the North, in the East or the West ; Or if they arc taken round tiik World, they arc only introduced to fuch parti as are within the knowledge of the Voyager. It is my ambition to make the curious Reader acquainted with the moft important Voyages to all the different parts of the World ; not that I can pretend indeed to have had ocular proaf of every Difcovcry myfelf, becaufc that is a labour no Hercules, if allowed only the common length of life could ever accomplifli ; but becaufc I am iu poirellion of fo many intcrefting accounts ^fomc of which have never been made public) by thofe ingenious jjcrfons of verscity and fpirit, who in ferving their Country have fo eflcntially ferved me, and will, I pre- fume, in this Undertaking fcrvc the Public j though want of time, as Hill they would fain employ the re- mainder as before, has prevented them from communicating their own Hiftories with that accuracy and at- tention which Publications of this kind require. I have been induced to undertake the arduous talk, efpe^ cially as the uncertainty of health prevents me from profccuting thofe Nautical Exploits, which before occupied my Icifurc, when Novelty infpired my heart, and " Youthful Admiration vented itfclf freely ;•• confciitiently being obliged to return to a domelHc life, I am ftill eager to apply it to the Iniprovcnicnc and Advantage of the Public. As the difpoiitions of feveral arc inclined to hear and learn all that can improve as well as cjitertain, .nnd as no Curiofity whatever is more praifc-worthy than an eagcrncfs for fuch Difcoveries, a volume of this nature muft be acknowledged highly acceptable, particularly as it i^ not in the power of all the Curious to acquire ocular demonllration of the many Beauties of thofe remote phces which are herein laid open 10 the view. Every man has not the ability, though pofTcft of the inclination, to leave his own native Country for the fake of examining Foreign Parts; for a fca-faring lilic not only remiircs a competent degree of Refolution, but alio the grcateft blefling of life, a good Conftitution : this Work will therefore par- ticularly gratify the Curiofity of fuch who cannot othcrwifc be fatisficd ; and it muft be undoubtedly the grcateft &tis(aClion to all fuch anxious Kncjuircrs, to be able in a few hours to be acquainted with thofe fcvcral places which have coft Months and \cars iji exploring: nay, to be introduced, as it were, without Icar or apprcheniion into thofe very Iflands, to difcover which our Adventurers have furmountcd many inconceivable Dangers. A KnnuleJf^c nf lie U'orU is the chief forerunner of that which is fo ftrongly recommended, A Know- iEi)..K OP OiRSFLVfiSi from an acquaintance with foreign Cuftoms, Manners, &c. we derive much ufcful Intorination of Mankind ; wc fee ourfelves in a variety of (liapes ; this Mirror informs us what man bat lun, and comparifon muft (hew what man is ! nor is that all, a faithful Record like this enforces the duties of Religion, it difplays \hc gloriout work of Providence, the omnipotence of Heaven, and above all, the hledlngs of Chriftianity ! for furely when we meet with the poor ignorant Natives of Defert Iftands, wc muft Icel, or be infcniible indeed, a grateful fomethina in our hearts, that we by diftinguiflied grace and favour ftunild be fo enlightened, while thcfc poor Wretches walk in abfolute barbarifm and utter dark- iiifs I Such fciuiments iiuift ftrongly recommend this Undertaking i the moft hardened Unbeliever will, on pcrufing tlu Difcoveries herein contained, be convinced that there is " A Power above which Nature tries aloud in all her Works." The Information derived from Voyages, which have been undertaken for the laudable purpofeof Difco- vcry, is manifold and txtcnlivej there is a fccret pleafurc in contemplating thofc ancient and motlern En- icrpri7.e«, which lead to a full and perfect Knowledge of the Globe, whereby we are acquainted with the various tribes which inhabit many places hitherto unknown, with an account of Animals ftrange and un- (ommon, and aifo of Vegetables, occ. equally furpriftng. The unbounded liberality by which our Navigators have been lately encouraged, muft and undoubtedly will bca pcrpctu.il mementoof Honour and Fame which flull diftinguifli the Rtign of his prefcnt Mijcfty. Informer Annals the few experiments which were made, begun inertly through motives of Ambition or Avarice, but our late Adventurers have been induced to continue tholc Experiments, and hand down to I'oftcrity the fruits of their Fxertions, for the Improvement of Hiftory, Geography, and Science j and when v»e confidcr the innumerable dangers which have been encountered in cxidoring untraverl'cd Oceans, in travellin|i through unknown Countries, in difcovcring unthought'Of Iftaiius, in becoming acquainted with New Nations, and in being able to complete the Geography of the Whole World, we muft admire the magnanimity of the adori, which (hall retnain an cveriafting Monument of the Patronage with which tlicy were honored. There ii nothing awakens an eager Curiofity or excite* a Spirit of Enquiry fo much as the relations of Voyages and Travels, nor can that fpirited Curiofity be difappointcd whon both Novelty and Variety unite to engage tJK Attention and elucidate the HiUor)r of Maoiimd. Whit J V) ■'iv il" 34953 -^*'* ■ niiin:)mgiii Sff-mmmiri "aeati. ■\ il {jlEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. Cp . The PREFACE. What can be more interefting to Man than the Hiftory of himfclf ? if unacquainted with the World, he is then " fixed to one fpot, and rots juft where he grew." Mankind, by the different accounts of Navi- gators and Travellers, is entertained by various pidurcs of his own fpccies, and from thcfe pidures many indrudive lefTons may be derived i particularly when we read of inhabiunts, who without any other aflin. ancc than their own natural good fcnfe, have not only emerged from the gloomy fliadc of Infidelity and Barbarifm, but have alfo attained that perfedion of Religion and Propriety, which have conftitutcd at lad the ElFence of real Civilization. Nations which arc now the moll polifhcd, have acquired their enlight- ened refinement by very flow degrees, and through long periods of intervening ages. A taRc for difcovcries in every way is certainly the cnaraderiftic of an enlightened age, but :t is incon. teftably confcfled that of all kind of Knowledge, that of the Globe we inhabit is the mo4 ufeful acquire- ment ; befides it is the only one we can ever hope of carrying to Perfedion, feeing it confifts only of pt>rations and Improvements, united into one body. It ipult alio be obtiirved, that whatever Authors have been referred to, whether ancient or modern, are and have been men of refpedability and efteem, otherwifc their afliflance would have been unavailing ; faffs and not ftaries (hould be the objcd of every Hiilorian, nor is there occalion to call in the artificial aid of Romance when Nature herfelf has fup- plied us with IVorks worthy the commemoration of IVords. Many Compilations have indeed been offerrd to the Public very undefcrving either notice or encouragement : it is not a number of Volumes, fwelled with uninterefling accounts and trivial relations, conipofed from the memoranda uf unfteady man, which de- ferve tiw: approbation of a difcerning Public. That writer who is prolix is as much to be ccnfurcd as the one who is too brief. Much fhould oe contained in a moderate fpace, by which means the Curiolity of the Reader is not only kept alive, but immediately gratified ; whereas AiperfTijities cxhaud the patience, and En. quiries confequently ceafe before they attain fuDicient Satisfadion. Notwithftanding there are many an- cient Collections extant, yet as materials arc very much increafcd, on account of the feveral late Difcovc- ries ; fuch Additions and Improvements muft undoubtedly rendcra NEW ONE highly acceptable, being ab- folutcly necefTary, on account of the Modern Voyages and Travels, which arc of fuch an important N.irurc. It is not, in thefc our glorious annals, with a.i)rofped of enlarging private dominion, or fatislying vain ambitious views, that the receffes of the Globe are inveftigateti; but to gratify a laudable Curiofity and promote general Knowledge. Our bold Voyagers have traverfcd the World to vifit new tribes of their rcllow-creatures, not as enemies but friends, to relieve their wants, bring them from darknefs into light, and communicate to them our fuperior attainments. Thofc recent Voyages, which have been made under the patronage of our prefent King, have not, it is prefumed, been entirely ufclefs. How many ignorant ' Iflands have been enlightened by the introdudion of our Englifh manners : from the uncommon objects exhibited to them, and the frequent opportunities of intcrcourfe, new materials have been furniihed them for the excrcife of their Reafun, and their flock of Ideas naturally enlarged. Is it not probable that the Savage Natives, upon comparing themfelvcs with their Englifh Vifitors, became foon confcious of their extreme inferiority, endeavoured to emerge from their brutal ftatc, throw off all ferocious appearance, and rife nearer to a level with thofc who left behind them fo many marks of their Gcncrolity, Humanity, and Spirit ? The Britons when firll vifited by the Phoenicians, are delcribcd to have been as favagc as any of the uncivilized natives of Tongataboo or Otaheitc ; it is therefore very likely that the Britons may, in due pro- i;refs of time, fprcad thofe blcflings of civilization which thev themfelvcs have thus acquired, and be the happy means of aboliftiing the many abominable repafls, and almofl equally abominable facrifkes, which are too common among the Inhabitants of diflant Iflands. Near Twenty Years have elapfcd fincc any COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS has been publiflicd, and during that fpace of time fo many detached Voyages as well as Travels have been prefcntcd to the Public, that a Work upon the prefent plan (including all the MODERN VOYAGES and TRA- VELS) is now abfolutely ncccflary and much wanted by readers of every clafs and denomination. The pleafurc attending the perufal of Works of this kind, have made them more univcrfally re*^ than any other branch of Polite Literature. In a good COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS, mc have all the entertaining incidents of the moft romantic Novel, with all the evidence of the moft authentic Hiflory. It is a happy circumflancc in this kind of reading, that it gratifies that thirfl of knowledge which it excites, and that as wc read on, we find new reafon to wonder and to admire. The moft ample fortune of the richeft man, and the longeff lift of the rtioft laborious traveller, attended with all that Succefs which his moft fanguine Expcdations could hope for, would be infulTicient to maki- him acouainted with the twentieth part of what will be found in this New Work -, which is recommended to the Public as a faithful narrative of indubitable Fads; and on fuchcafy terms as to be within the power of every perfon to purchafe. It is by the aid of Voyaues and Travels that the ftudiout, the delicate, the infirm, thofe whofe age, fex, difpofition of mind, or habit of body, renders incapable of encountering the dangers and inconve- niences of long VovACKs and wearifbmc Journhs, may pafi with eafe over toncly Dksarts, vaft Moun- TAINS, and interpofmg Seas ; view the moft diflant Lands, and become acquainted with aU the Nations ch have Spirit of .. for that ftate of Geographical, Hiftorical, and Philofophical Knowledge, of which they tan now boaft. In a word, if there be any Merit in blending the Ufeful with the Agreeable i if conveying the moft va- luable Knowledge, in the moft plealinr' manner, can merit Attention, thii NEW UNIVERSAL COL- LECTION of VOYAGfS and TftAVELS bids fair to enrure the complete Approbation of the Public. TAINS, ana inierpoimg seas ; view tnc molt dillant Luanda, and become acquainted with all the N< of the peopled earth : thus reaping in their clofets the fruits of thjfe accumulated labours, whicli employed the moft adventurous Bpiriti for a long fucceflion of ages. Nay, it is to the entcrprifing Sp VOYAGERS and TRAVELLERS, that every enlightened Nation in the World ii indebted foi W. H. PORTLOCK. '■^h A GENERAL HISTORICAL ACCOUNT RISE AND PROGRESS of NAVIGATION, From the Earliest and moil Authentic Period of Intelligence. AS the race of Man have been ordained by Providence for focial as well as rational creatures, it fecms to have been the grand defign of God and Nature, that after having multiplied and reple- nilhcd the earth, they Ihoulu hold intercourfe with each other, and thereby derive iuch nuituaj ad- vantages, as without a miraculous intervention could never otherwife arife to any fcparatc comnuinity. It may pofllbly be objected, that if this were really the defign of Heaven, men would not have been Icattercd at a dillance from each other, with intervening wilds, defarts, mountains, and vaft oceans to divide them ; but upon an examination of the difpenfations of ProviJonce, this ftcming weighty objcdlion will vanilli. Man is a Being capable of improvement, and intended to be con- llantly employed in exertions cither of his corporeal or mental faculties. It is for the brute creation alone, to remain, from their tirft period of exiftence, in their wilds and forefts, till death aflimilates them with their original duft. Man has a nobler claim, by arts enabled to remove the apparent obftacles of nature, to vilit diftant lands, and from experience to reap advantage and ufeful improvement, and, in all the various changes of the world, ftill to find employment for nis rational faculties, and induftrious efforts, thereby difplaying thofe gracious attributes with which Heaven has endued him. The prcfcnt appearance of this terraqueous globe is not that which it always exhibited : bcfides the (;cneral deluge fo fully defcribed in Holy Scripture, we have authentic accounts of partial deluges, dreadful earthquakes, and other phoenomena, w-nich from time to time have wrought amazing changes on the face of the earth, by levelling mountains, elevating valleys, rending afunder vail continents, producing new illands, burying vail trads of land beneath the ocean, and cauling the fea in other places to retire, ;uul tlie dry land to appear. How far thcle changes may have conduced to the fcparation of mankind in fome places, ana to the aflbciating them in otncfs, is a matter, perhaps, worthy the difcudion of the philoiophical enquirer. Whether the various nations of the peopled earth were leparated by fich vaft tracts of ocean in the antediluvian world, is more than we can take upon us to determine; but it feems clear that after the general deluge,, men were fearful of trufting them- filvcs upon the world of waters even for ages, till by flow degrees they were convincedof the utility, when nuinbers had experienced the advantages of a certain confined navigation peculiar to thofe ages, and were thereby encouraged to extend them. The talk would be botli prolix and unnecclTary to enter now into a detail of the expeditions of all the dcfccndants cf Noah, and the chiefs of fabulous tim^s, of which all the accounts are fo mixed ^\ ith fable, that it is fcarcily polTiblc for the moll accurate inveftigator to diftinguilh and ilpanite truth from error. C)t this lort arc -the expeditions of the Cretan Jupiter againll the Sidoiiians, of Pcrfeus into Africa .againll Medufa, with others, too tedious here to mention. The relation of the voyage of Jafon in the Ihip Argo, faid to be the firft large velT^built by the Greeks, is likewife immerfed in fabulous oblcurity: it is only to be concluded that the Argonauts filled under a brave commander of the name of Jafon, to eftablilli fome bnmches of uleful commerce ;\t Colchis and cll'c- wherc, and to clear the leas of many troublefome and dangerous pirates. // We have every icafon to believe by the authorities of both lacrcJ and profane hiftory, that the I'hcenicians were the firft, and for a long period of time the moft fuccclsful of tlic ancient navigators. We find the King of Tyre, whole fubjeds were of that nation, ;illis whofe names were ahiiolt unknown, poured in upon the various parts of the divideil empire ; Rome (inking under her own weight, was at laft fackcdby the Goths, and Conftantinoplc taken by tlie Saracens, whicli event pur an end to the Ealtem empire, in the reign of Michael Pahpologus. Hence originated that confequcnce which the Arabs derived. — Though al rirft apparently enemies to learning and the arts, yet as they extended their power, they became encounigers of them, and, while the deflrudion of the Weitern empire had involved Euroj>c in ignoraiuc aiv.1 dillraiition, thefc people began to clllti^ ate ufcful knowledge, and to carry on an exteniive traile with divers nations, though in ihips of a very flight conftniftion. Nor did the F3ivifion of tlie Arabian empire prf)ve the extindlicn of this commerce, which long fur\'ivetl the deftrudion of the Khalifatc, and the remains of which were yet vifibic to the Porttiguefe when they entered the Indian lias, along whofe coalls the pilots, it is laid, were found to have the u(e of lea charts, iind even that of the compafs, the difcovery of which was then fo recent in Europe. During this period the rival Republics of Getioa and Venice, were almofl: the only powers that attended to trace and navig-ation in the Weftem World, the crufades abroad, and the feudal f\ Item which prevailed amongil the moft rcfpcdable powers at home, joined to their infelHnc divifions, proving moll imfavourable to the arts, and prolonging that night of ignorance, whole Ihades \v:"•^n to be difpellal .about the i jth century'. The conquells of Jenghiz Khan, and the \\ars of the fiic- ccllbrs of S: ladin, as well as thole of Tamerlane, had fiicccllively kept Alia in a ferment; \»^.\ the two Republics maintained their naval confequcnce, till the Venetians at length prevadcd, and firitred fo themfelvcs the fovereignty of the inner leas. — Before a way to India was opened by the Cape of CJood Hope, the great tnarket for fpicvs, drugs, and othi-r valuable :ommodities of the Eall, was fixed at the city of Malakka, from whence they were fetched for ti.e ule of the Weflom nations as far as the Reil Sea. — But the difcoverics ot the Portuguelc tiirn';d the channel of this trade, and in iffed proved fatal to the wealth imd power of the Venefi.uis. which hail Iven the wonder, hay, the envy of Europe for a long fuccellion of years. I'his cliange may properly be attributed to the diredivc power of the *magnctic needle, firO difcovcrci about the vear IJOO. Who was the author of this dilcovery is uncertain ; hut it is generally alirilxd to an inhabitant of Amalfi, in the kingilom of Naples, of whole naiiic there is ne only as a mere difcovcn r of this pn^iu-rtv, which was not applied by the Portiigiiefc for the purpctfesof navigation till about tlie ye-ar 140^. When Prince Henr)-, third fon of King John of Portugal, rctumetl from the fiege of Ceiita, he conceived fiich a violent deiire of making new difcoveries that he fpent near ten \ears in caiiling at- ■ tempts of that nature to Iw made, in the profecution of which he apjieared to ha\ i .it he-art, a Ichemc for rcftoring the trade with Alia, by finduig out a p-alFagc round Africa to the Weft Indies, i\lii( h mufl neccHiirily divert it from its old channel, and prove inoll beneiicial to tholi- who fidl .xcom- plifhcd an undertaking fo arduous and enttTpriling. This Prince, it is laid, was the more encoumgcd to proceed in his fcheme by the inforinr.rion oP certain Moors, concerning the fituation of the Southern coalls of Africa, of which no Euiope;in ad- venturers had apy, knowledge, none of ihem having ventured bcvond Cape N.\o, fo called from w.apoi i>; r^;T^■!e ;,■•,.»■>■( r.i. im.'iri.: ' , ■ .:•' • The load-flom- or manner, as fotne Hiy, was lirft found in M.ignelia, a oonntry of l.yilia ; aiTordliij; 10 others, the M.V'iKr- fians were only iho liril ulio difcoTcrd its property of atlraaiiiij iron. It is well known to luvc Iwopolcs, whuh conllanily incline to iliofe of the wotlJ, if nothing iiilervtiw to alter llicir,dircOi(Ki. This properly is toiiiul to bccommiinicaljli', iiiiil Ikilo llic naiiiiiMl nci-dle onic pit)pcrly louclitd points conllantiy towards llie poli;, iinlifs fomc iiLifs of iiiterpolii!^ iron, or (oitttwliat lif a iliognclic naliirc, inlcrpofes to prevent its dircflion. The lanlo of this wonderful tfteil is one ol iholc; fecrcn which if hM p'eafud Heaven hitherto to conceal from the prjinp feuiclicrii iuio natiiri's xotiiine. Thi« wonder i< aiiirmcnteil h\ anoilier, namely, the dlAcrcnt vaiialions ot the i:oiiipaf>, which art found by ubftrving (tic fun and llati, and appiat not to hi i;uidc(l by naialltis of latitude, nor regulated by meridians i fume have auribiitcd this 10 ccitniii magnetic ijualities in cirtaiii mountains: fume to -x pritwiplc of majjnclil'm in the earth communicable from the pole in dilTcrcnt 'debtees, at diffircnt dillanc„'i,--Biit what icniU to ii»fcrlhrow thefe various opinions, and fecms almofl to mock conjecture, is a variation ('• iho variation illtll, as it lOiiiiniieJ not the fame at all times even in the laine fitiiations. On the whole, from whalfotvcr hidden powirs m naiurs the caule ol inaune- tilm originates, it is to its eft'cfls, as employed in ftaiiiiiij; ilig tnaruiui's compafs, thai iiuiiikiiiU owe tli.- difcoverv ol a tie* w orld. '. iit.i, lie lin^ at- lilicmr vuJin- itioii of H-,iii ail- ril from being le M.i;;ilP- conllanlly aihl littuo ' loincwliat hicli it ln< ■r, nBiiiclvt pillillicU u( lame to a lat tciiJii ti> minits nut ot inagne- <>1 a new On Tin; RISE and PROGRESS of NAVIGATION, ice. 7 iK-iiig coniiili-re.l as tlie iifmoll Ixmniiiry of their navi<^ition toward tliat quarter of the gl.jljc, E.i: no obltaclcs ai-vrcarinj;; furtiticnt in the eyes of Prince Henry, w ho every day grc\,- more bent upon his dclign, in the year 1 4 1 7, he cauled two vellels to he fitted out for the piirjvilc of difcovcry ; they ran 60 leagues beyt)nd Cape Nao to Cape Bojador, where being difcouraged by a I'weiiing fea, breaking on the fimds, they returned, and the Prince fent out, in 141 8, Juan Gonzales Zarco, and Triftan Vaz Tcixeira, gentleincn of his houlhold, in a fmall Ihip, with orders to coall alon-e of a favouring gale, having left the young couple beliind them *. The land being covcrcLi' with wood>., tliL- PortuguelL- iir fire fo them, to clear it : thefe are laid to have burnt lor leycn years, ami when tlio illand was at laft fettled, wood became one of the fcarctll articles in the country. — A c(jurfc('i' time being necelfarv for fumifliing the new fettlements, it was ntJt till 1 5 years afterwards that Gilianez palled the dreadful Cape Bojavlor, beyond which he failed 30 leagues, and the year follow, ng, pro- ceeded 12 leagues fartlier, returning with a quantity of fea wolves ikins, but, on their L-.ding, the iiihabit.nnts fled for fear of them, nor would they return tho' ^-h every perfuafive means to retain them u ere made ufe of. The prince Hill continuing to purfiie his plan, Antony Gonzales, in the year 1442, by his order, cnafted as far as Cape Blanco. Nunho Triftan paffing ftill further, liifcovered one of the illands of Ai'uim, called Adeget, and another, to which the name De Los Garzas was given. In 1447 Dinis Fernandez difcovered Cabo Verde, or Cape Verde; but venturing up the river which the Spaniards called Rio Grande, he was cut otF by the natives, 3s were alfo the chief part of his company. After this AKaro Fernandez failed 40 leagues farther ; and thus Prince Henr}' had the fatisfadion of feeing his plans fuccenively executed, till death removed him in the midit of them ; after which they were purfueil by his nephew, Alfonfo V. in whole reign Gonzalo de Yello difcovercd the illands called Azorts, which are eight in mnnhcr, viz. St. Michael, St. Mary, Jcfus, or Tercfa, Graciofa, Pico, Fayal, Flores, and Corvo, lyinn; nc;trly in the fatne latitude with Lifbon. The fucccedingycar the illands of Cape Verde were difcovered by Ant6nio Nole, a Gcnoefc, in the fcrvicc of Portugal. Tliefc iflands lie ahotit too Ichgues to the Wcftward of Cape Verde, and arc called Brava, Boiravifta, duSal, St. Nicholao, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and St. Antonio: the ifles Maya, and S. Philip, mid S. Jacob, were alfo difc(rvercd by him. In 1 47 1 John tie Santeren and Peter de Efcobar, went to the place called Mina, on account of the ' gold trade tncre, and pn)ceedcd from thence to Cape St. Catharine. The fame year Ferdinand \\> found out an iilami wliich he called Hcrmofa, a name which it has fincc loft, but retains that of him who dilcovercd it. The illands St. Thomas, Anna Bom, and Principe, were difcovered about this time. At this period the King of Portugiil took upon him the title of LcrJ of Guhiej. — It had heretofore been the cuftom to fet up woyden croires in tlu- new difcovercd coinitrics, but this prince onicred tliat Hone ones lltouKl he in future ercdcd hy the captains, whereon his own name ancf theirs were to be itifcribed. Tl»c fii-ft of thefe captains was cnUeA Cam : pafling Cape Catharine, lit came to the river Congo, failing up whkh, he found hy the figns of the blacks, that they had a king, who lived at I dillance from the fea coaft. This being all tlie information he couKl gct^ he returncvl home ; where lieing arrived, and bringing fome of tlie natives with him, King John gave them many prclliits, and orilered Cam to procewl again to Congo, aild endeavour the coiiverfion of the people, who were all JH-athens. — In this he happily fMccecJed, and returning to Congo, being admitted to the King of that place, pcrfuaded him to lend foinc of the fons of his chief men to Portugal, to be baptized and to be infliudted in ifl! the printipleS of ChrilVirfnit)-. '' After the expiration of a few years, the King of Benin, a territory fifiLitc between fort St. George and Congo, pa-tetnUng a ^v&jc to lie convmed to chriftianity, fent an embafly to the King of Portu- I'd, defiring to have prieftn for tfieir inftratfUoiv : the ambauador, among other things informed King y<)hiv, tlwt -250 ksgues beyond their cMititr)', reigned a powerful pfince, called C^gane, by whom i!;c kings of Benin were confirmed rn their royalty, their meflcngers receiving from liim a Ihift", with uJie-ad and a crofs, like that of Malta; but added, that the perlons receiving tliele, never were al- liiwid to behold his face, his foot only beinjj put out from behind a curtain, in token of his acquief- cmce w ith their wilhes. ^ , ' The furprifmg relations of a certain prince c«]kd Prcftcr John, reigning in thofc parts, being at that time current in Europe, King John concluded this muft be that very extraordinary pcrfonagc, — To l.itisfy himfelf in this particular, as well as to get fome account of India, Peter de Covillam, and Alonfo * Tlie lady illcd foon aftcrwanls, and Machain, with liis roinpanions, having paid this tribute to her memory, innilc a bo.it "III (if the trunk ol a tree, in which without Qtils or oars, he palled over to Africa \ (he Moors prcfcnied him to ih'.ir king, wlu Uui him to the King of Callilc. «-!' i' \ ll t'«CJSU.«, *grr,ff4,' .^i,JMi/^i„^^mt^gj^ «mrm,m. r i : f rt.- *• 8 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. Alonlb de Payva, were ibnt over land for intelligence : by way of Grand Cairo they went to Tor on tl'.e coaft of Anihi.i,. where they fep;vnited, Covillani letting out for India, and Payva for Ethi- opia, both agreeing to meet again at Grand Cairo, by a certain appointed time: the former proceeiJed to C;mi nior, Calicut, and Goa, paihng from thence to Sofala, and afterwarils to Aden, at the month of tlK veil Sea, on the fide of Arabia ; when, coming at laft to Grand Cairo, he found the compa- nion of his travels was no more ; from hence he fent the king an account of his proceedings by a Jew cor.io from Portug-al, and afterwards^ went into Etliiopia, where he was kindly entertained, but was never pemiitted to return from thence. About the iame time that thcle iet out by land, Bartholomew Diaz put to fea, with three fliips : he difcovered the mountains called Serra Prada, and paffed on in light of a bay, which he named Dc los yiir{ucios, on account of t!ie great herds oi' cattle that he faw there; he touched atttrwards at the ilLmd of Santa Cruz, entered tlic mouth of the river Del Infante, and at laft came to the fimous Cape which is the utmoft foutliern boundary of Africa ; to this Cape he gave the name of Tormen- tofo, on account of the ftorms which he there met with. But King JoImi changed the appellation to that of Cabo de Buena Efperanza, on account of the hopes lie cntertainal of difcovering a palliigc round it by fea to the Eair Indies : however this (which was of inore confetjuence than finding ouJ PreOcr John's dominions) did not take place in the reign of King John, who, having lixed the Por- fugucfe dominion in Guinea, died, and King Emanuel lucceeded him. As foon as this monarch began his reij^i Val'qucz de Ciama, lieing intruded with the command of three Ihips and a fender, palfed the Cape, and made his way to India by fea : previous to wl.ich, Chriflopher Columbus had failed to tlie Well Indies ; the new world was thus (lifcovered, and the conqueil of Mexico and Peru was the attendant confcquencc. In 1494, Sebaftian Cabot difcovered North America, in tlie reign of Henry VII. of England. — In the year 1 500, Brazil was firrt found out by Peter Alvarez Cabral, who was fent on an expedition with 1 200 men, to gain footing in India, but was driven by a ftorm on that part of the co.ift of South America ; and in « 5 1 9, Ferdinand Maghellan found a paflTage from the Weftcrn to the Southern ocean, by thofc Straits to which the name ot their unfortunate difcoverer was afterwards given. Thefe happy beginnings cauled happier continuaticns, each fucceeding period fumilhed new dif- covcries of t!ie Englifh, tlie Dutch, French, and in effed all the nations of Europe, whofe iitu.iti(in would permit them ; eagerly followed the example of the fuccefsful Portugucfe and Spaniards, wiio, tiiually jealous of them, and of each other, took all m;uiner of pains to prcferve their dominion wliere tliey had gained footing, ;uk1 as much as poffible to thwart all thofe who adopted the plan of makaig new difcovcrics. But notwithftiuiding this, we find the Dutch, at various periods, bufy in fettling themfelves in India,* and fecuring the poHellion of the fpice trade. In 1600, an Engliih Eaft-India company was cflablifhed by Ci^ieen Elizabeth ; lettlements in Afia were alfo obtained. A great part of the continent of North America, firft difcovered by Sebaftian C-abot, was alfo peopled after that time by Britifti fubjeds : nor were the French idle, they alfo got footing in Afia, the Well-lnwlics, and North America, in fpitc of all the obftacles that at firft appeared to hinder them j while the Por- tugucfe and Spaniards, efpecially the latter, often found themfelvcs much embarralTcd to preserve their new polleftions. A pajlage being opaied from the Atlantic to the South Sea, by Cajx: Horn and the Straits of M.'ghclhm, -.uid the polPibility of circumnavigating the globe, whicli before cxilled in idea, confirmed b' experience, the fettlcmcnts on the coafts of the Pacific Oceait were expolai to alTaults from enemies whom the Spaniards little expected to vlfit them in thofc feas, the riches of the new world IxJing alone fufficient to excite them to fuch an undertaking. Drake, Candifh, and others, follcwing the twck, afterwards faileil round the world, and to their difcovcrics much has been :idded by MODERN NAVIGATORJS. Ail thefe/ together, with all that is found remarkable in the rcla- tions of voyagers and travellers of former date, will be comprized in the follow-it^ Ihcets; vvc fliall therefore forbear to dwell upon tlie fubjcd here, as we have already given the reader a fummary ac- count of the undertakings of thofe firft adventurers, whofe names will ever be momcntos of tlieir fame and maghanimity. •, Having thus given a General Account of the Rife and Progrefs of Navigation, we Ihall now pro- ceed with the work itielf, in w hich will be included all the valuable and important Voyages and Travels by the moft eminent Navigators and Travellers, whofe difcoveries forming an ara the moft remarkable in the hiftorv of navigation, have poured the treafures of furrounding worlds into the lap of Europe, and thereby laid the foundation of her prefcnt graf^ur and rciinemcnt, which have already attained the very fummit of pcrfedlion. . *^ ,. . To gratify the Public cuiiofity refpcfting the new difcovcrics in that immcnfe trad in the Southern clime called New Holland, and the confcquencc of planting a Colony there, we fliall commence; with the valuable VOYAGES of Captains PHILLIP, HUNTER, &c. to JACKSON, &c. though in date more modern than other Article;. BOTANY BAY. PQRr )»,v:;ltii l.;;tl ^.■.X^' I i-iif. A NEW, s^ went to Tor f\d tor Eilii- ler pioctxiJeit at tne mouth 1 the com pa- ced ings by a Ditained, but three fliips : h he named itttrwar^is at i the famous ot Tormen- ppellatioH to ng a palfagc rinding ouJ xed the For- command of IS to wlucli, red, and the * England. — in expedition the co.ill of the Southern given. led new dil'- lofe iitu.itiiin iiiards, wlio, n in ion where in of making "y in fettling h Eafl-India d. A great peopled after WelUInaics, hiJc the I'or- to preserve Cajx; Horn >efore cxilled c ei^potai to riches of tl\e , and others, s been :ulded ie in the rcla- ts ; \vc lliflll "ummary ac- itos of their all now pro- /oyages and ; an sera the worlds into ncnt, which the Southern nmen(,'e with AY. PORr «'■ ■,••■•••*■?•■ A NEW, O I - ! ■ Ttl t; :m T 1 ■■ : - ■; . »^ . . Tf.T-rrrTmfTTTi ( n | | tTTm7TTT MvhilntmjfilK' DistovKHiKS inaiio bvC'<-v(">i!> .*^'***. fw.i»fi:..ivso.v..tni.f;jt.nKj ;'*T^=TW^^s;- ■ ,'- :; •A". , ixso.v. . »// 7, r.H. n K , Kixa , HUxo.w .iih'. iHi:x. I'oit run K, liL\i> rniu. in, Hix in ft \ -, u .-LtnLLitn-nnTTTiTTrrrrTTrtTi ■,,r, ^ -'"to t' K r II {• r I ■»/"* . , ,ykag*** /.•A^/ii .vjifAw. .fr«w l"^ /li*.^,.«fc ,t^ ..™l,_a,. (Mm ^t •ntmm». -A, E ^^' ^ 1^ ^SiOl" ^ - Ak* •^ • ',•♦'' 1" 11 * i I r mJL** .i.£i;' »LT () (' i: A N -4>Jk^ l4>l*n> i'j^e, f-*-^»f^ijftf ■in. !■ I ■ *l« ■~~f^-~^~ *>""**.-" 'l|4«»ii» •• »/;• »•,'» >: ft If 77) ' ' - >< WHi> " vy V/7 '/•* 7,S»",'*- I.V UI I - I J mmmm^m '- i: . . ^riry;--? ^'v\ •. u I i-n/u-.-.t/,rf:r/,:!."«'f/; ¥e Exhibiting; the DlSCONT-iKlKS inacfetyC;^*^!!***', ijuiHm4-llliff iMJiiil ' iM i iiiui i 'tmi l i ' l iurritT^ ' i i i i |[ M - *.,vr VOY 1 • wi BY BRI Including partici GEORG HIST By Captains I Comprizing all tl ' :■ ' J< Of our late ente JACKSON. NO. Iking an Entire Nev And Enibcllilhed w NO difcovcry utility as oi which, entirely to the grca Jamci Cnok, who worlil explored a to which he gave th only Ihorc hm vefle ^♦hich ii now kno It would be ufcleli tioni, which muft an account ol' hii hewai thcdifcoverc Jiitaginediinyadvan The nunincr of Tcveral goalR were tountry condcmne oyagts, the commencement, advcnturi. and fucccfs of which fliall be the fubjects of the cnfuing Chapters. ' t' BOOK I. C II A P T E R I. (. ,. » ».(,,,^ •; i>t(i:» v-,H;i --liy it» The I'efTt-ls ti/'poiiiliilfr llr Firfl rcynge lo BOTANY HAY iviib Conviils—Numbn of Crimiur.lt^—rri/ii/ions t.iifn in at thf Molhir-hr.nk — U.nr tnknt if the Hyena— '.■in rxtrjcrdinary /LciLnt--Ciptain Pill I, LIP'/ kinJnrh I) ihi' Cvrjii/.i — A Cvi/'plrjcv forweJ tiniiiij^ ihcii; — The Delet/ion — Vnmipii'i pnmjbid — Andm.v^,- at S.mn Cn.z — Marijuis liyiiHcrfijrIe's Ihlilrnrfs, Allcntioti, Inviltitioii, C^c. — Efccifc tchonire—J'i~ gfiiiii.'y 'f ii CniiiiN — I'irrrny's f^rfat polili-nifs and alleiilion —Utrangr X'.ujlrnh lo atoid Stniij;g!in);—f')inre cj Brazil's ■ tirlh-J.ty crIiiraled—Difriplion of RIO 1)K JANliIRO — Aitchnnne at T,iMf li<>y—/.nr Stock taktn iip^ Cip/.iiii I'lllLLlP ^pwi akard ibr: Supply— Takes Uavf of the Sniut—tiiahis fw Ub'lANY UAY It/trt the Sinus CrmiiliMt/ ilx CoitviHi—LaliludiifLongitndfStiSc. _ ■ - ; ; •, . ,(.,,'. " " ' HIS Majefly's vclTcl the Sirius, which lay in the doik at Deptlord, a very large and conve- nient Ihip, cl about j.jo tons burthen, which niDunttd 20 guns, and was remarkably well built j and the Supply armed iindcr, which was a brig, ami t)nc of rhoie vell'ilj lately employed in convey. ing naval (lores from one of his M.i|cfty's dock, ya.'ds to another, a (hong little vcllcl, very flat- Hof)red, room), and which mounted eight guns, and had a dcip «ai(l, were the apuointed vcflels for thi» cxcurlion. Accordingly, October the a5th, 1786, the commniid oiihe iliip Sirius was given to Arthur Phillip, lilq; and that of the Supply armed tender to Lieutenant Henry Lidgbird Ball. The Sirius'* complement of men was \(,o; that of the Supply 55. It was intended, when thefc two vcflel.^ had {xr- foiBied tht diligned voyage, and the criminals con- ve\('d to the place of their dellination, that tliey (liouid be utaincd in the loiintry for fuch employ, mcnts as were nccellary, until relieved by the arrival of other vfliels from tngland. Dccrmivr tHt cjlh, the Sirius being ready to fall (li)wn the river, her moorings were ilij>ped, and Ihc oiilnan( e (lores were taken in. failed down to Ix)ng Ucach, where her guns and January the ."jioth, 17H7, two tranfports dropped ilov> n to Long-Reach, one w ith female and the «)ther w ith male cunvii'U : thcfc, in order Co tranfn')^ fume , * J». private bufinefs, proceeded as low as Grnvefend, where the next day they were joined by the Siriu*, and a little after upon rca lion ; and there wer with their proper oil alfo a furgeon, with ncctlfary medicines, required. His M; Captain Dc Courfey, thcfe vcflels a hundi as far as Capt. Phill on account of an eal out at the Needles, through St. Helen's down the Channel, changeable, which > On the 2 lit. Capt. ] to Captain De Courli was taken of the lly the wind being, as S. W. I'uarters : the ill tiuir piogrel's. it r keep together with a An extraordinary Corporal Baker, of loaded mulkct dowr of the arms chell, w ankle of the right (be deal (battered, turiici ing its direction, 11 through a harncls ca and after ih.nt to k t)thcr lidcof it. Not a wound, yet the Co good conliitution, (.: Ill three momhs to r fect ufe of the wound Such was the ( di Phillip, that hefuir< leafed from their ch be more c<)m(brtal)le wadi and keep then ^( (bil by the comm one of the tianl'ports Ihip, that a ctintpua convicts on board th an aiiv.iiitagc ot Caj: ineditati d an iiifune to\erid, weic to iiiv t nur, and make fucli c'lmiideiaiions miglit ing intcniion y>as h attempt was, 'put in rhd penetration <>( t mcdiatilv corrected v S:iius, all parties di applieil to thole who The wind was II ill liravy rain, it bn am N. W. This advan progrefsof the viUli aliout t«'ur mdcs an h C)n '.jih, the \ worle, it was ilcerii ill inds ol Porto SaiK contrary to all m \^<: Salvages, and on the air (hll continuini', they leachtd the ilia Santa-CriU, as it wai anchorag.r belor^ ilai with the place. In t they ;viKhorcd in 1 5 uiiderll.iod that the loul ( pioper care w a'ly dan);er, though the liip)Hiliii(.)i) wus I The next inornini Cipt. I'liillip to the inloriiiatioa (accoul were, and what ihcv the ani horai;e, cti ta the Sirius to iiiakc tl BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. II lion; and there were a hundred and llxty marines, with their proper ofliccrs, to condut't the tranfports; alio a furgton, with three alTilbnts, fupplied with ncctffiiry medicines, &:c. to be employed as occafion required. His Majelly's fliip the H)cna, under Captain DcCourfcy, was likewife appointed to fee thcfc vellels a hundred leagues to the weft ward, or as Car as Capt. Phillip deemed needful. 'I'lic Ihips, «in account of an caflcrly wind, were obliged to run out at the Needles, though it was lintcnded to go through St. Helen's: they had pleafant weather down the Channd, but the wind continued very changeable, which was the occalion ^f fome delay. On the 2 ift.('apr. Phillip delivered his diCpatches to Captain De Courfey ; and, after three cheers, leave was taken of the Hyena: it was now hazy weather, tiic wind I'cing, as it uuc fome days before, in the S. W. quarters : the vilRls were, therefore, but flow 1,1 their pro^refs, it rrquiri:ig particular attention to Lecp together with ail the tranfports. An extraordinary accident now happened to Corporal Hakcr, of the marines, who, on laying a loaded inufltct down, which he had jufl taken out of the arms chelf, was wounded by it in the inner ankle of the right foot : the hones, after being a good deal (h.ittcrcd, ti:rncd the ball, which, though chang- ing its direction, IHU retained fuch foiccas togo through a liarncfs calk full of beef at fomcditknce, and afii-r ih.it to kill two ^eeffr |hat were on the other lide of it. NotwithlUndmg the tftmgcr of fuch a wiuind, yet the Corjioral, being x young nrjn of a good conltitution, fi well rcLosered it as lo be able 111 three months to return to his duty, with the [lir- kct ufc of the wounded kg. Such was the (onlidcr.itc humanity of Captain Phdlip, that he fullered the male convu'ls to be re- Icd'cd from their chains, m order that they might be more comfortable, and be enabled to frequently walli anvl keip themfelves clean. It was now fug- i>i (bd by the commanding marine oiliccr on board oni- ot the tianfports, and likewife the malkr ot the Ihip, ih.it a ciinipuaiy was (ormcd by Ibiiie nf the coiivivts on board tiie Scarborough, whit had taken an adv.iMtage -.1 Captain PhiUip'« indulgence, and iiieditat' d an infiiricctioii : their inientioni, as dif. (OMTcd, wcic to have quitted the tlctt in the iiight- t mo, and make fuch ufe of the f.up as their liiture cimiideiautHis might determine: however, this dar- ing intention y( as happily difcovcrcd, before the aitcmpt was^'fut into execution, by the ingenuity ."nd pciictiMtioii ot the miriius, the ringleaders im- mcdtaulv corrtvled with fume leveriiy on board the Sirius, all parties divided, and heavy irons ag«in applic\l to thole who difeived them. 1 he wind was Ihll precarious ; at lart, after fome heavy rain, it Iik .ime more leitled, inclining to the N. W. 'lliii advantageous change improved the nrogrefsof the viU.ls, »hich was then at the rate ol ahoiit t.'iirmdcsaii hour. C)n 'jih, the weather changing again for the worfe, It was diemid advileable to make lo the illinds of Pot^to SaiKto and Madeira, On June itt, contrary to all i pec^ation, the velRls reached the S,iha(;es, andonihe jd had palled the rocks, the air ftiil continuing variable i in a Ihort time after they reached the iliand of '1 Vnerilic, making on to Saiita-Criu, as it was the Captain's wilh to cHlVt an anchorag.: belon dark, his men being unacquainted with the place. In the eveinng, about half pall hx, tlicy anchored in istalhniiis water. It had l)cci» ihulcrlb'od that the ground all over this l>ay was loul ; proper care was therefoie taken to oliviatc aiy d.in);ir, though the labour was unnccefl'ary, as the liippolition wus eiiiincous. The luxi iiiornm}' an ollicer was difpatchcd by Ci|)t. I'iullip lo the (Joverncir of thin ilhuid, with inloriiiatum (accoidiiiji to i ullom) of whom tluy were, and what they wanted ; though, pteviou* to the am lmMi;c, certain .olliccri had conie on hiwrd ihc Siriui to luakc ihefe cnquirio, it bciiii; a cere- mony feldom, if ever, negledcd. Marquis Brance- fortc, who was the Governor, and Captain-General of the whole of the Canary Iflands, received this melfcnger with extreme courtefy, and politely re- turned anfwcr to Captain Phillip, that he fhould command every refrcflimctit the ifland could afford, and he iincercly hoped that the place might be capable of fupplying him with fuch articles as he had moft occafion for. Commodore Phillip, thePoft- Captain, and fcveral other officers, now waited upon the Governor, to return him thanks. The Marquis repeated his civilities, and received them with every mark of politencfs and rcfpccf. A fhort time af'er he came on board the Sirius himfelf. with his at- tendants, and remained thereabout an hour, makinir enquiries (during converfation) about the extent of our intended voyage, and fittiation of the place for which we were making. Some Ihort time after tliis, he lent an invitation to Captain Phillip, and his friends, to dine with him. Accordingly the Captain, and his principal oihcers, (in number about twelve) accepted the invitation, and were exceedinijly hof^ pitably and politely entertained. The M.uqiiis is * genteel man, of an animated countenance, an cafy and graceful deportment, and ixilTelll'd very much of the dignity of a Spaniard. Every proper advantage was taken of their flay in this iliand ; during which time the iliip's crew and convicts were fupplied with frefh provilions, of which there was great abundance, but a fcarcity of vegetables and fruit, only a few pumjikins, onions, potatoes, &c. could be procuretl. Capt. Phillip's intention was not to have exceeded four days here at moll; but his ilay was iinavoidablv longer, the watering of the fhips being as tedious as it was a neceflary bulinefs, and what If ill acldeiJ to the delay was, that only two boats could be loaded at one time. One evening, %hen it was rather dark, and all hands employed in clearing a boat of v.ater, a convict, of the name of Powcl, having dropt away from the fhip unpcrceived, now contrived to llq) into a fmall boat i when at fome diftance troin the velltl, he tlun exerted all his llrcngth, and hy means of his oars foon reached a foreign Kall-Imlia Ihip," which lay near the Ihore : he now ollcred himfelf a« a teaman ; but his expei^huions of getti;i_i; off in this vdlcl were dilappointed, as they rejected h;s ferwccs ; ballled in his hopes, and ajipreheiilive of being limn miffeil, he deemed it ncceifary to leave this velVel, and by concealment cIikIc fcarch. 1 lo landed to the wetlward of the town ; but on an un- fortunate place, liirroiinded with inaccetVibk' rocks, where there was a good deal ot furl". The convicts being now muftcred as ufiial, at letting the watch, ijic ollicer ot marines milling this man, immediately Icni word to Captain Phillip. Next morning the Captain lent an ollicer to the (rovernor, requrlling his allilhmcc in recovering this deferter. The Mai- quis inlhintaneoully iH'ucd orders tor that jnirpofei and earlv in the morning boats wercdif|3atchcd Iroin the Ihips, to tearch for that one which thr convict had taken : as they had alio rowed along. lliore to the well ward, they inimediately perceived it bcathg on the rocks I accordingly they advanced to get her, and being naturally induced to look about the pla::c, perceived the convicf, who had not been able to afcend the precipice, concealing himfelt in the clift ol a rock. The officer forthwith prcfented a loaded gun at him, dtx'laring if he did not inmiediately de^ lt;end, and get into the boat, he would llioot him. I'liis mniace h.id the delired elfeOt : he inllantly complied ; and, when taken on board, punilhcd and put in irons during the remainder of their anchor- age i but having afterwards prcfented a petition to Captain Phillip, he was rclcaled liom his con- linement. Jt ii now neceflary to inake fome curfory obferva* tionauiithii in.ind, and Irs .i Ijaccnt plates. The city of Laguna, which is reckoned the capital, is about three ur fourinilct dillancu from Santa Cnu '. ^ the pa i s\ '« ! 12 VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES, t.; t t the roads thereto are exceedingly bad, and the ftreecs of the city irregular and crofs each other at right angles, fome ot which are remarkable wide, but the buildings are in general good ; the plain on which Laguna ftands is pleafant and fertile, the foil is rich, and it contains many gardens. Not- withdanding, it is furroundcd by fuch high moun- tains, which occalion many torrents of water in time of rain, that it is deemed exceedingly un- wholcfome ; on which account few people of con- feijucnce inhabit the place, though once the cfta- bliftied refidcnce of many of diftiniflion. Among the buildings at-c two parilh churches, which have Ihort fquare (IcepleS, but which appear above all the other buildings i there are two nunneries and three or tour convents ; there is a conduit in the middle of the town to fupply the inhabitants with water. The Peak is a mountain very much cele- brated for its amazing height. The bay of Santa Cruz is defended by fevcral fmall batteries of four or five guns each, they are placed at a particular diOance from one another, and clofe to the watcr-iide; their principal fort near the landing-place is a (trong work; it is ima- gined that on the whole they mount near one hun- dred pieces of cannon. The chief ftrcet in this town IS fo bro:id as to refemble a fquare j the build- ings are irregular ; the governor's houfc, which makes but a poor appearance, (lands at the upper end ; at the lower end there is a fquare monunicnt, which «as ertiiled in commemoration of the ap- pcar.tnce of Notre Dame to the Guanches, the original inhabitants ot the ifland. Santa Cruz is the principal feat of commerce ; all the officers of jufticc relide in the place ; the manufactures arc \cry few, and conlilt chiefly of taffeties, gauze, coarfc linens, blankets, gaiters, &c. The princi- pal depcndance of the tihabitants is on their wine, oil, corn, and every kind of Hock for (hipping. The women wear veils, and fome of them are 16 abandoned and (hamelefs as to exceed even the profti- tutcs of London ; indeed all the ladies arc addided to intrigue. ' June 9th, the watering being now completed, orders were ilfued (or every pcr(x)n of the fleet to return to his relpcclive ftation 1 and at ten o'clock the fuccmling morning they proceeded on their voyage with a tavourable wind. On the 18th of this month they reached the ifland of Bonavifla, wirh an intnuion to anchor in I'ort Fraya bay, in the ifland of St. Jago ; the weather was exceedingly ha/y, and on account of contrary winds and many iinfavoinahlc i ircumflajices, the attempt was given over as impraflicable: accordingly they fleered Ibuth ward with an intention to crofs the equator, bift on accotinr of the feverity of the weather it ujs impodiblc to gain ground j therefore (landing oil" at a greater dillaiKc from the coa(t of Africa, they were for|cveral days without advancing; thus del lycd with wavering winds it was not till Ju'y 14th in the evening that they crolfeJ the equator: but the wiml al;erward« rude ample compenfation, by blowing lleadily from Kafl-fourh-eaft to lialf, other- wife tiuy nuifl have (alien in with thecuaflof Brazil, vhich would not only have been the cauli: of much delay, but be attended with great danger. During this dark, cloudy, and unpleafant wea- ther, the company entertained themlclvcs at inter- vals with fifliingj they caught two or three bonitoci. The boatfwain (Iruck with a pair of grains out of the cabin-window a moft beautiful fifti atout ten pounds weight ; it fomewhat rcfembled a falmon in lliapc, but diflered in the tail, which was more fork- ed ; it was of a (inc yellow colour j when firfl taken out of the water it difplaycd two beautiful flripes of green on each lidc, which aftci fome ftiort time chanijed to a ddightltl blue and fo continued j there was nothing particular in the internil forma- tion of this (i(h, except that the heart wai larger, and im r^ljjirationi c«ntraehaved very gallantly, he was of courfe extremely popular here, and thereby recom- mended to the notice of the court of Lilbon. The next morning an ofliccr was difpatched to the town to wait on the viceroy and give him the ufual inlbrmation, and in the afternoon the Sinus with the whole convoy failed into the harbour. FrclH provifions > :re immediately provided (or the fliip.-' companies, marines, an.l convicb ; rice in lieu of bread, alfo vegetables and fruits, parti, cularly oranges, which abounded here. Much civility and politenefs were tcftifiedat this place. Some Ihort tune alter Captain Phillip's ar- rival, his oflicers paid their refpcCts to the viceroy, who feemed very delirous to render every thing as comfortable and pleafant as pollible, confiftcnt with his inflruCtions from the court of Portugal, relative to all foreigners ; and indeed fo (ar he extended this civility as to break through an old eftabliflud rule of the place, it being the cullom in order to prevent fmuggling, a crime punifhed here hiththc greatell feverity, (or guard-boats to row coiiflantly night and day, when (oreign vclFtls come into the harlKiur j and whenever boats are fent on fliorc by thofe foreign fliips, to put a foldicr into the boar, who continues on board her during her (lay j alio, when any (oreign officer lands, an othcer from tlic guard attends him wherever he goes : it mull theie- (ore be acknowledged as none ol thefe fpies were allowed to watch Captain Phi!li|> and his oHicirs. nor even any reflraint attempted in the beginning, but every officer permitted to walk wherever he pleafcd ^a liberty never granted to lln.ngcrs), nor any centinels placed even in the boats of the tr.in- fpoits, that the refped which was paid was both extraordinary and unulual t however the m.ilUrs <>( the tranfports and their failors were artcncKd by thefe men when they went on fliorc. Much cere- mony was iifed upon condu(iling the company to the palace j they were attended by an olHccr and a friar ; as they pafled the guard on dury the colours were laid at the feet of the commodore, which was a token of the grcatcfl rc(|)ed 1 they were then in- troduced to a large anti-chamber croudcd with of- ficers, foldiers, and domeflicsi fome fliort time after a curtain, hung over the door of the prefencc- chamber was drawn afidc, and each introduced in his turn to th« viceroy by the commodore. The viceroy was featc«( (baivkwardly that hit back was to mort of the oflicers. As to the room it was far from iiugnificeiu or elc^'aai. The viceroy wu.* a (luuc BOT/ ftout corpulent pe words. Six female convii order removed fror lotte, on account o fame number retur Head, wbf'w' condu was dor.j with a vit A private in the m: Connell \vas fente whipped, for hav fome o( the female for endeavouring 1 truft in furtcring I but as he bore a j tircumftancc, he w loul'cquently forjjii' John Jones and ja culcd of limilar otl'i evidence. The 15th of Aug and merriment an V..IS now obfervcd t neiro, who appeare( between the city ani fens of all ranks joi was decorated with lia.'itiy illumir.atcd hi re and oliiervevl ( jxir.uk'. lontiiuicd t w ;h fireworks and In leligion they ni my unatcountabi :ir.' hawked aliout. ;iro vrry fond of in are ptudeiu and ref A }ii iv;ue iiinriiic c; ileaviiunng 10 j.et IK..1I iliiilars, whii (riMH fome of the ci bi lore mentioned. Tlierc i:. a fmall tliltanre iVoiii when, vheie Captain I'll iritted during their j.Hther, and the lignal given for unnioorir.g. As loon as tlie .'Mtiiis had got wiihin about li.df a mile iers with the greateft courttfy and politctiels. Hill there was fuch .in unaccountaide deliy, owing to a tedious ceremony, that nearly a fortnight had cx|>ired before a fatisfaCtory anfwer was given whe- ther the convoy could have thofe fupplirs that were iKvcIfary for their expedition ; and no doubt had not Ciptain I'hillip perfeveied in his entreaties tiiere would have l.'een greater delay, or perhaps tome evalion ; hut his indullrious zeal funnotmted all lujnnenefji, and at lall procured fuch things an.! in fuch quantities as were necell'ary and con- venieiit. Oil bo:ird the .S.rius were emharkrd fix cous with calf; two bulls, one of whieh was about feven months old, alfo a number of iheep, goats, hogs, ponkr)-, ivc. On board one of the tranfports three marcs, each having a colt of (ix months old, and a young llal- lion J all tiic otlicers of the tranlports provided thenifelves with as much live Hock as polTioIe, not for the f.ike of p.irtaking thereof dui;:i,r their vov- agc, but with a view of Hocking their little farms in the country which they were leeking, it bein;; their chief confider.ition to commence as rich as pt>'i;ble, tor which reafon ihey intended duriii' their voyage to fublill chielly upon the (alt provi- lions, and rclirve the live (lock tor their arrival j there was alfo u number of cattle put on board tlie llotk iliips ; alfo corn and other nceclfaiies : ic v;as how evcK regretted, that there was not fullicienc room lor a larger quantity, as they could only fupply thof'; places which had been filled before with the piovilions already confumed. After the liii)plies had been gianted. Captain Phillip and feveial of the otlicers (a; many as tould conveniently attend him) were inviteii by his t,\- celleiuy Mynluer 'V'an Graaf, the governor, to an elegant and fumptuous dinner at ins town rtli- deiii e, which is dilighlfully lituated neaily in the t emie of an cxtenlivc girden, which beinn remark- ably pleafint and well Ihailed, is very much tie- qiicnted by perlons of every dcfcription, particu. *D biiv \ it 1- ■ VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES, U II f: ll '4 hrly thole of rcfpcdability. There are fcvcral orhcr walks about C:ipc- Town, but all inferior to this. Oil apiiroaching the Cape of Good Hope, Table Lanil, a very remarkable mountain, fo called fro'n its refcniblance to a table, may in dear wca- thir be lecn at fomc diHance: on account of the heat and afcent it is a very fatiguing expedition to go on the top of it j however, when accomplilh- cd, the view from the fummit makes ample com- ptnTation for the labour. To defccnd this moun- tain is nearly as dilFicult as going it up. There V ere fomc runaw ay Negroes difcovercd round a fire on theclift of a mofV Itupendous rock, fecure from the power of their mailers, it being impoflihlc for any pcrfon to conic near them : how they reached this place of fecurity is matter of great altonilh- incnf; here they remain all day unmolclted, and during the night, as reported, make excurlions anil commit depredations on the inhabitants. I'rom September to March, which is here the mild fummcr feafon, this Tabic Land is fomc- times on a fudden covcicd with a white cloud, which by fomc is called fpreading of the table-cloth. On the Vird appearance of this the Ihips in Tiblc li.iy make preparations, by llriking yards and top- malls, and (facing every thing m a comfortable Hate. The Sugar loaf, a round hill, by fome called the Lion's He.id. one |iart of which is called the Lion's Runip, is fomcwhat wellward of the 'I'abic land, diviiled by a fmall valley on the right hand ii.le of '1 a'nie Bay ; this hill very much refcmbles a lion wiih his head crcCi, whence originated that n.uiie: there is a Hag Hart" placed on each fide, to •Tj'prizc the governor of the ajiproach f vcflels. C'harics'sMount, likewifocalNd the 'ivil's Tower, i.-iilines ealtward, feparated by a Imail chafm Irom the Table Land; there are feveral gulls of wind fuppof'.d to ilVuc from it when it partakes of the cap that covers Table Land, Jrom this originate;' A It ..*4(^ ■ '-'-'■' ••ig#'' >«^'5 ■A:.- — ,W:SE* ..ft/ ■■ ■.•K.■^/:?^■:. '^^\t. !?i«j '\,i--.'t,. "'■ ^nt'-"' ■<:?■*.'- r''' ^,.%. -■i*>'1 ^^N '-N rtv-Wr.';': ^ (a /^^ fy.1ki:Ur^t »t M, Siifti:lllH:-\%fI!ikTtinHirltim> . !M*BANKS mW,'/,fy ^^Visit/v'w //f, I^no-//JDUKE of^bRK'sISIAND . r t (! .1 1 View./APERFORATEDROCK./// TOLAGO BAY. offpiriti.hcdied w who died of a drop before, and difchar the Mother-bank, s the marines and co tcry among the co Good Hope, which and about Chriftm; bygreatactcntiona fupprcfled ; only o the troops intende difordcr ; from th( death, being clcvc agony, and nothir cafe. There was very well -behaved bringing fonie of which he hung che other ftil ovcrboai to, and a boat fen withftanding everj Bali, of the Supply cattle faw the vcfle rendered his tate ir a convi(f^, was deli of the voyage. It is now proper longitudes and lat paffed, as nearly ar Th» Salvages, a( In latitude View ^^^A Town w //n Ishmtl^^ TERRA DEL FUE GO . Tbt Convoy pncftd o — Luminous Fif^iir JeiiJenls — Land prifed — Opliin 1 Sitecf/i of Ibe Oji TiMivti b(cim( fit Ibiir Pfrfins — 6( Tlvir TL'tYJli — V fiirpri/t- ill ibf t:\p Wlllillfl'l'/i 10 <'A.P mJe of jMttrnig AS foon as Ca| Hunttr (lee opinion that they h a parallel tninlure The weather thll c^ very heavy, and whole unfavourabli cold, fevcral fcmal of Wales were fc^ which afterwanls I cuUrly among thof with the dyfentcry by the care and ai on thi« occali«>n ga of m«lt, and fonv Lord Sydney and 1 During this pa sppcared of an un ■Ibatrofi and petei fpecies of fea-haw oceanic birds, wii Gary's chickens. Whenever it va: any fepration bet the Sirius, tiic con fca was covered < pofcd to have proc like nature called offilh. 4 BOTANY BAY. PORT JACKSON. NORFOLK ISLAND. &c. of fpirits. he died without a pang ! alfo James Clerk, who died of a dropfyj he had been tapped ten days before, and difcharged twelve quarts of water. At the Mother-bank, a fporatic difcafc appeared among the marines and convids : alfo an epidemic dyfcn- tery among the convicls, after leaving the Cajjc of Good Hope, which found its way anions the marines, and about Chriftmas became moft violent i however, bygreatattentionand clcanlincfs. this contagion was fupprefTed ; only one man, Daniel CrelTwell, among the troops intended for the garrifon. died of this diforder; from the commenccincnt of which to his death, being eleven days, he was in tiie greatert agony, and nothing could yield him momentary cafe. There was one WiUiam Brown, who was a very well-behaved convi(ft, that was lort : he was bringing fome of his linen from the bowfprit-cnd, whicli he hung cherc to dry, and by fome mcanji or other fell overboard. The (hip was inftantly hove to, and a boat fent out, but without eUedt : not- withftanding every exertion, particularly of Lieut. Ball, of the Supply, he pcrillied : fome on the forc- cattlc faw the veffel go over him, which of courfc rendered his fate inevitable. One Catherine Fr)'ira(c — .S'trin.r and Supply wet — Umverfal joy— Natives Jur- prifed — Cjplt'tt Pbilirp, (Jc. examine the Si:iib-Jhore — Aaouni of ibr A'lcboriizr-pLue—'LalUHdfs and Longiliides— Succr'/i of Ibe Comm'niore's fearch— Broken Hay pre/errrd lo Botany B.iy—'tbe rcafon — Tbe /Iriificers employed— Natives becinu ftmiliitr with the Ijeiilenanl (i'yivnior — Tbeir Bfbavniir — Kind of H'eapms, i^c. — Df/mpnon of tbeir Perfins—Ornitinents— •Remarks on ibe I-cavin ofiilh. 4 January 6th, 1 788, Capt. Hunter, intending to run in (or land, they were deceived by one of the trani- ports, (the Lady Penryhn) who having puflied a lit- tle a-head, made the lignal for feeing l;ind ; which only proved to be a tog-bank. On the 7th, rhc Prince of Wales being the hcadmoft, made the fame lignal, and nt laft it became general. A conlidcrable number of uniinals were now dif- covercd, at lirft taken for feals, but upon ftrictcr examination they appeared dift'ercnt, at kaft from thole that may befcen on the coaft of America and Newfoundland ; thefc having long heads, which were tapered to the nofe, and remarkable whilkers : they now and then raifcd thcmfelves half our of the water, imd as often leaped out entirely to look about them ; in Ihort, they were fomething of the fea-otter fpccies. In running in with the land, which was fomcwhat high, feveral fmall heaps of fnow were to be feen, which was rather extraordinary for the time of year. This part of the coaft was rough, craggy, and irre- gular : very few trees to be difcovcrcd. Some emi- nences, or pieces of land, fuppofed to be illands, were perceived eaftward of the caftwardmolt rock, that is called Mewftone. The wind at this period was lo violent from the N. N. E. and N. that tlic vcilils were under riofe-reefed maintop-fail and tore-fail J but there being much thunder, lightning . and .-91 i6 VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES, I'' and rain afterwards, the wind changed to the S. W. qiurrcr, and the wf.ithcr bccnriic clear. In flccrini; ta(hvnrd, alon^ Ihore, they approached the i\vc!U v,ard-mo(t poini of a large bay called Storm-bay, alio Sttilly, ca(hv:ird to which is a fmall rock called liddyftonc. Advancing ilill calhvard, there wcir fcvcral trees mere Humps to he fcen, whitilh and without leaves: there was alfo an appearance »f fmall pieces of verdure about Storm-bay; and on the call point of land v.hiih forms this bay there was a large lire, the only indication that the place was in- habited, as none of the natives could be fecn. A melancholy accident hnppcr.ed on board the Filhburnc; the boatlwain, having too freely cele- brated the new year, was rather intoxicated with the grog, and as the Ihip was labouring much, fell from the top-fail yard, by which he was moU ftvcrely bruifcd : in confequcnce of the fcurvy, with which this man was previoully alHictcd, a mortification tnfucd, and he died January the 8th. The lofs of this man was very much lamented by the captain of the fhip, who placed no fmall value upon his abilities, and conlequcntly regretted thcie had been nofurgeon in his flup, as he attributed his de.ith to the wait of tinuly allidancc. On the next day Edward rhompfon, a convit't, died : this man was vorn o;it with long confinement and grief; as he feemed very lorry lor his [all mifcondudt, and anxmus to make atonement, there is every reafun to think that if he had lived he would have been a valual)le member to the new foeiet/. Jani:ary t!;e loth, an extraordinary gull of vird occalioned much ronfuiion: the convoy having v.m much fail out, were obliged to let. go their taeks and Iheerr, ; in confe-iueiice of uhich the Prince of Wales had her main-yard carried away in the (lings: another loft her jibb, another had her three top- f.iils clown from the yards : the main-fail of the Sirius was fplit, and had not the men been remark- ably atllive, the mails would have certtiiily gone over the fide. Had this fquall continued, the vellels murt have i'utrered conliderably : fome ticlay lonfe- Cjuently cnfi;cd, but when thel'e acciiltiUs weie re- paired, they proceeded to reach the eoall, taking advantage of every tlaiit of wind. The wind flill inclined to thcfouthward and wcfl- ward, a:ul the iia was very rough and utipleafant. Several birds at this time were fecn; alfo a large while, and many feals, which, though I'reauently firevi at, never l>etra; ed the lea'l fear or concern, though the balls dropped near them ; from this, it \va> evident, they were never before fu attacked : nor or.c during the firings was killed. ri-.e Urongcll exertions were made to get to the wePiward, and on the iQth land was fcen over Hcd I'oint : as it was impolliblc to get in that night, the convoy, by order of Captain Hunter, came within hail, and they llaoj otF and on till four o'clock the next morning, when they made fail for the bay, and anchored at eight o'clock in water eight fathoms deep; the Supply and the three innfpoits were now ilifcovcred : the former had arrived the isth; and the Alexander, I'ricndlhip, and Scarborough the 19th ; they had not therefore tha: advantage of the .Sirius as was expeded. It .was now caule of univerfal Joy in having thus reached the dellincd port without any material ac cident ; the people were all as healthy as could be txpec'icd. .Some of the natives wl;o were on fliorc feemed furprifed at the Approach of the velFels, they af- fcnililed together, and by pointing their (jjcars feemed to threaten. In the evening the boats land- ed on tlie north lide to jirovide water and grafs, where an oliieer's guard was placed to prevent the men from wandering or behaving improperly with the natives. When Captain Hunter had anchored, he waited upon Commodore I'liillip in the Supply ; they and ll'.Tral other olliccrs rccordingly landed, with a In latitude In loni^itudc In latitude In longitude In latirude In longitude view to examine the fouth fhore, and fix on the molt promit'ing places for building : the natives followed the Ixiat as they were rowing along the lliore, but on her putting in, they rin away and abfeondcd in the wooils. However, fomc of the gentlemen had a Ihort convcrfition with a few, hue they appeare'd very Ihy and dillrullliil, though con- dcleending and civil. Though the place for anchorage here is very ex- tcnlivc, yet it is in fuch a manner expofed to cail- crly winds without any flielter, that it is excee ingly inconvenient; the water is four, five, fix, fc^ vcn, and eight fathoms deep. Where the vetrds anchored was on a north Ihore of a fandy ba\'. Ca|x: Banks F.. S. E. Point Solander S. S. K. The entrance of the bay between thel'e two lands W. S. W. The ground is ek^r and good. The fpot of four fathoms is higher up the bay, and would be very convenient tor a few (hips j but as there is a fiat of twelve feer, and that depth but very narrow, they would requi.-e to be properly lightened in order to r^et over it. l)urin;_r the remaiiuier of this voyage the latitudes and longituder" agreed perfectly with thole ilated by Captains Cook and Furiu-aux, viz. "^'>; South \\ elt Cape, In latitude ^\ deg. 37 min. fouth. In longitude l^b deg. 7 min. calf of Grccn- [wieh. South Cajic, 43 deg. 42 min. J.j6 deg. 56 mm. Talincn'i Iliil, 1-17 deg. -iiS min. tal't. Storm Bay, 44 deg. J min. I. ,6 deg. Swiily Ifland or Roek, Irr latitude 43 deg. 55 min. In longitude 147 deg. 6 min. Adventure I!ay, In latirude 42 deg. 21 min. 20 fee. fouth. In longitude 147 deg. 29 min. According to the niceft ohfTvations were found. Cape Howe, In latitude 37 ■■ '•■,v»»^ • .It V ■*■ '■ Jl ^ ^^ •ii •If.-. -^ VC.X A ;/i*<%':- ■#^ VV' ^ '..y. /■ .-->.>^ ■>^,' i>*f*. ^**-'fc" f *- i , ..' ■§" ...^' -X*- -'- . ■^ ih ■J: \ \ wmw ^ /A//W .^y^v PORTJ.OCIL'S. /^// COLLECTION// VOYACES /i^ TRAVELS BOTA XATlVESy «()TA?rY BAY Fl.SilllVC;. ( oNNTRi (Tio.\ .^//. TlrT;s /// iNKw Sorrii Walks. as the filh were tal dcavourcd to fcixe i prevented, which f< gave to each a part relifli this lair procc vinced of its eqiiic] After this they been though each ot then weapon, fomctmics other times .1 fpcai a rious majiu/uihircd il and ppiiucd u iili the warded off, (;j turn were terrified at the confcqueiKc thcrtol' perfoii in a red i.().it, tary drel's. The natives of IJo by fome ail t'lKjiiili a appealed iiuiti- the c inquilUive. 'I'he nx tu five teet nijic iiu though fiiinll in (ht Well made : they p; the I'njilifli diefs, v litile all<>ninu\iei)t ; t tlie head, ami ilie c wiiinleriul aj^iliiy in t fly with ilic j{reaied 1 n llniMj^ young nian t their laiKes are gciiei wear their beards, v and fhort ; the uomc the nicn, but are in chiefly of a fboty ii)i( as a Midatto. Their ing, as they are in g have broad nolvs, u iheir flsiii being of a filth adiiere^ to it : tlunil'ilves, for wlun ii eiilur by aeeidqU 1 They base fome notii thiud a pie> e of bone ill tonfei|uenee ol uhi they alio paint tiieir I encircling flripes ii[ \vliich .k|)pear .11 a dill have red and white llrt an intent, it is fuppotl pe.iraiuc; fome have e\es ; fever.d a hon/i hie,id ; fome nurrou \t vMth a broad line di and belly, and di'vvn a vshitc tlteakii ii|>cin a L cJialHy and /i;(.',iuhd ; and white J the lorn ol red earth vtliich tin) the latlei from a tine their boilits, eliietly tl iKrioriiung which ih« 1 he voiiKH i 1 general the little fingtr ol the is unaccountable) luu men, youn^ women ve in )^irN about eij^ht 01 thi' linger, have been a^cs : they ;>re remar hair is llroi)));, (liort, : no idea of Ueping it nally. Men, women naked. When Cuptnin Hitn were taking a lurvey ol her of tile natives had their artcmpting to h lew angles, they appca nacenex'-iemil) holiile on tluiii, no doubt, as No. i. BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 17 i& the filli were taken out of the "water, they en- dcavourcd to fci/e it: this the olFiccr of the boat prevented, which Axmingly difjjicafcd them j he gave to each a part : for feme tone they did not relifli this fair proceeding ; but being at lalV con- vinced of its equit)', were at length reconcUed. After this they became pacific and good-natured, though each ot then> always carried fomc fort of a weapon, fami:titjics a (lick with a flicU at the end, other times a fpcar and long dart ; fevcral had cu- rious manuJaohi red ihiclds, inadeof the bark of trees, and pointed w iili the bones of fi(h ; with thcfc they warded off, or turntJ ihefr own weapons. 'I'hcy were terrified at the cxplofion of fhe guns, and in confcquenre thcrtof fliunned the foldicrs, or any perfou in a red (. .ill overtlwir bwlies, with an intent, it is fuppof d, to intimidate by their ap- pearance ; fome ha\e ( iiclcs of white round their eves; leserJ a hoi i/ontal llrcakacrofs their tinre- heail ; fomc narrou «lu;c- liieaks round the body, with n linud line do'. arm, thigh, and leg : thef'e white Iheaki ii|hiii a black Ikm apjicar exi ecdingly CJialtly and (i.j.'.iuliil : the colours rhey ufe are red and white; tiie Imnu'r is extiacied trona a kind ol red earth wliich they have in ;.>reai abundance, and the latter from a tine pipc-ckn . i'hc men I'carify iheir bixlits, chiefly ihre reinarkablc for good tei..I • th«ir hair is llrong, (hort, and curly, and as they have no idea ot kiiTpin>.^ it clean, is always matted and iially. Men, women, and children, go eiuiicly iKiked. When Captain Himfcr, Mr. Bradley, and others, were taking; a lurvey of the harbour, a ijieat mmi- ber of tiie natives had itirembUd t«gctlier'J und on their attempting to land, in order to afcenain a few angles, they appeared by their ligrw and mtf- nuceii e.\tienul\ huliilu and outrageous, lookingup^ on them, nudoulii, a^ buld pieliiuiptuous iuva^'r«i No. I. they colledted additional forces from the woods, till at lalV their number was fo incrcai'cd, that the cap. lain and lieutenant deemed it rather dangerous to at- tempt any acquaintance with them, particularly ?s they were inadequate in niiinbcr, f',hty, armed w ith lances anil Hicks, but who, alter iome mutual (igns and friendly gelUncs, were quite tame ai d good- natured, fheir leader, w ho appeared to be the moH refolute, lUick the end ot hi.s (liield m the land, in order to Ihew them the ufe of it, though the conijiany could not prevail upon him to throw his fpcar; whereupon Surgeon White fired a pittol at it, the ball went throu^h it ; the leader and hi; party were greatly alarmed nt the explolion, and more furprifedat feeing the hole which the ball had made in the ihield ; this feemcd to incieafe their averlion to the Knglilh wc.ipons. 'I'hey became ex- ceedingly noify afterwards (houj^h far from (piar- relfbme, were much delighted with the prelonn they received, but which in a lliort time they toi<;oi, having left th*m cuelelly on the bench. A iium- l)*r of females was no* perceived at tome dittancc; they w civ concealed in tlie woods, and were pecpinj; at iiuerva's from their concealments, but as it \va< totally againlb lite will of the men that they fliould advance, who, as it appeared, were lords and milUr-i over them, and yet like good-natured hufbaiids, alarmed for their fafcty, they never once ventured !i> )oiii the compsiny. Ca|>tain Hunter, by figns, e.\- prelled ;i deliic to be introfluccd to them, but the men would nor:t|;iee; irwas then li^^nified to theiu thai iliry wanietl 10 make the women pielents, v»hi< h I hey very < iinnin(;ly otfercd to take to them, llill iinvMlling that the lemalcs ihould join tlium: liowcver Captain 1 lunter, with a pereitiotory air, itiiidr them imderffind, that wrthotit tiiey canu: ihemlelvrs fo receive them, they Ihould not have any. A vefrran now among the natives, who Itvincil the govrrnnr of the party, gave his pciinif- lion that rhey flioiild .idvance ; the women immc. diiitely aequiefced with appsa'nr joy and gooJ- humoiir; but no fooner was this petmillTon granted, than about twenry other llrange men af^m'ed them from I he wootl, armed with lanres and fltield.., ,.ikI pinted according 10 the cuUom of their warriors : thefecaine.as it Wiis imngincd, to defend the women from any injury or infult; having draw nthemfclvis up in a line on the hca^h, and that in a manner • £ whult Mi m •iJAW.- .■-iKVi<*.Saa«(»i*C-.* i8 VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES, which indeed bcfpoke much difciplinc and regu- larity : as a token of peace, if not provoked, each man held up a green bough in his hand. There were likcwifc two very ftout armed nien placed as ccntinels upon the rock, who, as they never quitted their flation till the interview was over, had orders, no doubt, to be particularly vigilant. The women exprefled much fatisfaclion at this meeting, though their timidity at intervals was evident, for even when they laughed they trembled, as apprehenfivc of fome danger; they were extremely delighted with their prcfents, and while Captain Hunter and his friends were decorating them out with rags, beads, &c. they laughed nioll immoderately : the women were in general young, being from eighteen to twerity-twoor thcreaWouts. At other times the natives have been fo gocd- natured and familiar as to dance and (ing among the Englifli, and to imitate their language and manners, while the Englilh were imitatmg theirs : in fliort, they appeared fo docile, gentle, and pa- cific, that little doubt could be entertained of being able in due time to conciliate their fricndOiip and confidence. Thefe people have no idea of erecting or build- ing any kind of place to Ihelter themfelves from ram and cold ; they have no fixed habitation, but take their rert wherever they can, and whenever they pleafe. In times of rain and cold, they feek Ihtlter in the hollow rocks upon the fea fliorc, the cavities ofwhich are crumbly and foft,efpccially fuch (and which on thisoccafion are the molt defirable) that are not cxpoi^d to the leverity of the weather : they generally mike a fire in them before they lie dov.ni ".hich communicates fuch an immenfe heat, that the rock contains the warmth for a confidcrable time; herein they flccp together. Sometimes may be fccn in the woods, when the country is not very rocky, or the rocks not inviting, a kind of habitation formed of the bark of trees, vhich is fo extcnfive as to contain a whole family: this is generally their defence in winter, and as they lie very clofc, they keep one another warm: but thefe hollow plates in the trees were origmally defigned for hunting kanj^uroos, who always take refuge in them ; and as the natives in purfuit nwkc a fire at the bottom of the tree, while others climb to the top with flicks ready for an attack, the ani- mal, to avoid Aitrocation, runs out and generally hecoincs a prey : in this manner the natives cm- ploy themfelves and get their food : they fomc- tinios make fuoh large fires th/'f 'he conflagra- tion cxtcnvi j fcveral miles ; this occ-.ions a gene- ral dillurbance among the kanguroos, and accord- in;;ly fevcral of them fall victims: but there is another reafon alligned for their making thefe fires. The underwood or brulh grows fo rapidly in this country, that when the natives feel themfelves in- conunmlcd by fuch an inconvenience (for as they are naked the underwood murt certainly be very dif.igrcfablc), this remedy is occafionaliy adopted to clear thofc places which they mofl frequent. The trees in the woods have bci-n difcovcrcd en- tirely black, being fo torched with thefe fires: ilioy likewili; account lOr thofe great fmpkes, which on ihe voyage have been fecn M a diAancc. The natives have frequently altercations among themfelves, and in all their quarrels with one ano- ther, they put themfelves under the direc'tion of a commander, whom they choofe in their own way ; notwithllanding which they afTociatc in tribes of many families together, although they difperfc when in fearch of loud, but fliurily aflcmbic when there is any danger. Their methods of kindling fire arc doubtful. Some autlwrs have declared that they produce fire with great facility, wlulc others have obfctvcd that it was very laborious to them. No difcovcry could nt prcfent be made to afccrtain which account is more corrci'l, but it is the general opinion that they keep fire conflantly burning. They chiefly fubfifl on what the fea affords, and filh with fpears or filli-gigs, which are fomewhat longer than their war-lances. The women alfo arc employed with lines and hooks ; the former are manufadurcd from the bark of difterent trees, whiclr arc of a tough itring/ nature j the latter from the talons of hawks, &c. or the infide of differenc fhells. The women undergo great dangers in the courfe of this employment, as they frequently ven- ture in old fhattered boats with two or three chil- dren with them, and enter the moft terrific parts of the fea : if the mother has an infant it lies acrofs her lap, and according to the manner (he fits, it is there perlcdlly fccure. The men very often lie acrofs the canoes with their fiices in the water, as they have thus a better view of the fifh, and having their, fidi-gigs prepared, are ready to fhike whenever they fee any, feldom or ever rnilTing their aim ; they alfo dive tor (liell-filh. They always broil their food, and fome of each party arc appointed for that employment : as foon as thefe perfoiis make ready a fire for cooking, they attend thofc who are fifliing ; the divers who remain fome time under water, throw what they catch upon the Ihore, which thefe pcrfons take away in order to drefs. They have no idea of boiling fill), as appears from one of the aativcs having put his hand into a pot of boiling water, which one of the failors had put on the fire with fifh in it, to take it out, and having fcaldcd his hand, he was as much atloniihed ai he was hurt. They have no notion of religion, nor do the fun, moon, or flars attrad their attention ; they burn their dead, as has been teflified by Captain Hunter, who when employed on the furvcy of a diftant branch of Port jackfon, being informed by fome of the boat's crew, that they perceived fomc- thing on a rifing ground which rcfembUd a new- made grave, had it immediately opened, and dif- coveied a confidcrable quantity of white aflu-s, with a piece of a fcull and jawjbonc, which had not been entirely confumed by the fire. This grave was no more than about fix. inches under ground; the earth which covered it was rr.ired to an etjual height ; the captain had the afhes, &:c. retlored to their place. The natives are not to be frequently fcen in March and April, nor could it be afccrtained where they retire. It was fupiwfed that from Port Jackfon they proceeded farther to the north, following the fun for the f.ike of a warmer cli- mate: the land affords but a fcanty fubfiftcncc, and therefore the fca-coall is the only part of the country which is moll inhabited; the fea is their principal refource for fupport. They fbmetime* feed upon a fruit about the lizc of a cherry, yel- low when half ripe, and black when full grown. 'Ihe trtx' which produces it, is rather fliort, but full and bufliy at the top, it taflM (bmething like a fig. They alfo roalJ and chew the fern-root, and have frequently been feen accompanied by dogs of the wolf-kmd, but of a reduilfi colour, whiih appeared as tame and good-natured to their mailer* as ours. What tho' unciviliz'd, thefe natives rtray. As full of glte to-morrow as to-day ! For all they do, for all they know or get, For all they have, to nature they're in debt! If then they wear the afpcd of a foe. Why be ama/.'d, for can ihuy bcti:" !:.-.«* f The wonder is, when they ai friend ■ appear, And in fuch frieiidniijis rival Chriliiani here! Having thus far deviated, in order to give a |)crfed and circumOantial account of the inhabi- lants, It IS now proncr to take a rcfrofuedt of the propofaU and plan of the new lettlcmcnt, the ptogrcfs and fuccefj of whiuh fliall be the fub- jeit of the next chapter. . CHAP. !.''!$?'■. i.. ;'•"'',, 1 ■) /" Vr-j \ « ■^:s - # '■■f*y> "*'f A 'n ■'^"^fmrnrnmnxm ru,/^;/r. ^/X / PoRTj.orivS, Iav Collection^ VoYAOES.s Travels if 1^ f ln,fr,itf,/ 'nm a ih\ffifi'f nui.^f ••n fi'r- S^t'f //;//v/B0'J^AN1[''BAX/// ^^EW^S()l^l^Il '\\:\LES. ■rr,ii,,ifi, n, ,1 /!,,■„ I'm iU:iJi , nth. Ay. I 7i v// POKI" JACK.SO.X.A'KWNOI'TII avalks, BOTA^ /"or/ Jdckfon deemed t Phillip fails for Po — Some nf their Off — Difcription nfV Jieti/oii xfhy Cttp-'iiin /•iiildiij^ — Ilofpiial (■l-'e^lber — Omfrque Government — Royot —Goruernor's Speeel Remnmnids Marrit to Botany Bay-^Ini the Buildings — Mr. Dejign nf this mifjk An Execution—- Pay AS Capt.iin Phill Port Jackfon, place for forinini; tl refolvcd to remove t grufs were provided preparations, two ij M'crc fc-cn exertirifj tt but their cndc.iNoiirs too (Irong at;aiiifV th( of the weather, r!ic I January the 25th, number of feamen, m to fail for Port jackff to the care of C'ajit. I permitted was to foil an;c. and the Iknilfale, wh year 17S6, under th( i'(\ ro.ife and !")e 1,'A I"rcni h roinmodorc's Ar'oiN, that uas t.ik upon i;aptain Hiiiilc had uiilDrtimateiv j;a'or'!. illcs, Ca|)!a «.ommaiul, and ten crews, «hi) were mn dictive as they were they were indiKcd to to put in, and budd ready in frames, before that untortun lamiliar ; but foine 11 plaHi/>\.ih.»'H,'4^ yfirri-i ran BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 19 CHAPTER III. Part Jdikfon deemed the mtjl elipbk place for the nno fettlemeni — Txvn large French jbips fecn in diflrefi — Comimdore PhiHip failf for Pott Jackfin — 'the French /hips feen aj^ain — Captain Hunter fends to their relief — An Accnuni of ibcm — Snvie nf their Officers murdered bv the Natives of Mafuna — Other Misfortunes — Sirius anchored at Port Jackfon —D.fcription nf POR'V JACKSON, and SIDNEY COVE Harkiurs^Conz-emence of Sidney Cove Har/mr— Reafnn xchy Cfp'ain Cook preferred Botany Pay — Engltfh colours dif played upon their general vieeting — Preparations for hiitdiig — Uofpilal Tents ereBed The urgent ccca/ion for them — Vegetables fown, but withered — Difagreeable Weather — Cwfequences of Thunder and Lightning — Storebonfes began — Some Convicis miffed — Ctlebraliou of the New Gifvernmcnl — Royal Cimmifftm read—Ali of Parliament — Patents under the Great Seal — Conclufion of ibe Ceremony •^-Go'venior's Speech to the Convtfls^—His Encouragement to Induflry, Morality, &c. — His Menaces againjl Vice — Rerommrnds Marriage — Acclamations — Happy FffeEis of the Speech— The Governor celebrates the day — /4 parly go to Botany Bay — Intelligence of the Oinviils who were miffed — Firft fitting of the Criminal Court— Slow progrcfs of the Buildings — Mr. King's appointment — He and a fmall detachment are fent to Norfolk Ijland, in the Supply — Dcfign nf this miffion — Injiniflions to the Superintendant previous to his departure — Trials at the Criminal Court— ' An Execui ten— Pardons on certain Condition!, (Jc. AS Captain Phillip had given the preference to Port Jackfon, deeming,' it the molt eligible place ("or forming the intended Icttlemeiit, he waS refolvcd to remove there, when fuft'.ient water and gfijfs were provided for the live ftock. During thcfc preparations, two large (hips with French colours were feen exerting their utinoft to get into the bay ; but their cndc.iNours were fruitlefs, the wind being too llrong ai:;ainrt- them : on account of the hazinefs of the weather, riic Hcct loll fight of them. January the 25th, the commodore, with a chofcn number of feamcn, went on board the Supply tender, to fail for Port jackfon. The convoy was again Iclt to the care of Caj.t. Hunter, who when the weather permitted was to follow him with all the tranfporis and vidiMllcrs. The next day the French Ihips were fcen in the olhiig, ftandinf in for the bay : upon which Capt. Hunter fent a boat out with an officer to aflid them in coming in ; and fome (hort time aficr, the wind becoming favourahlc, they found fafe anchorage. Thefe lliips were the Altrolabc and the IJouiTale, which failed from France in the year 17S6, under the command of Mcllicurs de la iVyro'.ifeand Do L'An;7le. Captain Clonnard, the IVi-nvh r(\n>modorc's cijitain, who commanded the Ar'oiN, tliat was taken by the IJicnfailant, waited upon C^iptain Hunier, an.' informed him that they had uiilortiinately iolt at Mafuna, one of the Navi- ija'or''. llUvs, Captain Dc l.'Angle, the fecond in (.ommaiid, and ten other ollicers, with two boats' crews, who were mt»rdered by the natives, as vin- dicti\o as they were numerous. On this account they were induced to make for thi» port, witli hopes to put in, and build (ome boats, which they had al- ready in frames. '1 he murderers, it lecm«, had, before that unfortunate day, been very friendly and lamiliar; but fome iniruiuieillanding having taken place between the natives and feamen, (from which lide the iiifult originated is unknown) a dreadlul ([iiarrel rnlued, and tlie failors having before neg- k\led keeping the boats aflcwt, the oIlKeis and crew were focxpoled to the tirocity of thefe people, ami l"o fuddeni) attacked, that they muft all have been inevitably facrificed, had not a Imall boat at hand taken up tliofc w ho liad (juittcd the Ihoreand trulled themfelves to their fwimming. During this terrible iii;iiru re, fcveral of the natives tell, and Icveral were wounded: the boats were loH. The afl'aults had I'lin made with llones. which were thrown with rxtraiirdinary force and aim. Thefe vellels had failed in lune, 17H5. Irom I'lancc. After touching the illc of .Ninta l\\therina, on ihe coal! of Ilraxil, till y had gone into the Pacific ticean, by the extre- iiiuy of South America ; where th«*y hail run along by the coafls of C'liili anil Calilornia. I'rom thence thev proieeded to Kaller lllnnd, I'.'ootka Sound, Cook's Kiver, Kamfchatka, Miinilla, the Noviga- tor's Kli'j, Sandw ich.nnd the Friendly Ifljnds. They lould not l.nnd at Norfolk Illand on account of the (tirf, tliou^'Ji iluy had anchored there. Uciidei the avciilcnt .iliove-meiilioned, two boat*' crews unfor- iiiiutcly jHiillicd in u fuif ontlicnorth-wcltcoaft of America: none of their people had been loft by Ikknefs. Monfieur Clonnard, on their firft fctting out, was the commodore's M\ licuren.mt ; but, in confcquence of their lofs, he was promoicd. The Sirius having worked out ot the bay with the convoy, at ten o'clock weighed, and ancliorvd in the evening in Port Jackfon. Some of i;ie vclicls had been a little damaged, in runnin;.; foul of each other in the working out: they were however foon afFemblcd in Sidney Cove, fo c,-il!ed by the governor. Giptain Cook had nor vitited t^ort Jackfon ; he only law it from thecoalb, about the diltnnce of two or three miles : there is no doubt, it he had explored the place, but he would have found it a harbour lupcrior toany ever yetdifcovcred ; it has foundings fulficicnt (or the largcft lliips, and Ipaco enoii|;ii to accommodate with fafirty any number : it gi:\(iually extends into a capacious, beauriUil balon, running chiefly in a weftern dirci^Hon, about thirtcm miles into thecountr)-, containing upwards of a hundred fmall coves, formed by narrow necks of land, which project in fuch a manner as to flieltcr from all winds. Sidney Cove, which lies on the fouth fide of the harbour, between five and fix miles from the en- trance, being the fmallefl and the moft convenient, (as vellels, let them be ever fo loaded, could calily get into it, and heave out dole to the Ihorc) was therefore reckoned the bell for building the town in: the foil about the rock.-, is good ; in other parts of various qualities : between Hotany Bay ami Sidney Cove it is fandy, and full of fwamps. It is not to be wondered at, why Hotany Bay fliould . have been held in a more advantageous light by Captain Cook than by Captain Phillip; the former came with a fmall veJUl, and only required tempo- rary flieltcr and refrelhment lor a few j but the Inrrer had numbers to provide for, who alio required a jicrmaneiit litiiation. He « as therefore obliged to leek a place where vcflcls of magnitude could lie in fecuritv, ami with cafe approach the lliorc: for this realon Port Jackfon was found, upon examination, preferable. Captain Cook was Uriu k with the ap- jiearanceof Botany Bay, which is indeed picturefquc and beautiful , hut there was fomcthing ii«ireelfen- tial to be fought at this time than outward Ibow, a place lit for the immediate reception of exiled mul- titudes, who after they had ellablilhed a relidencc in the inoH convenient fpot, might then extend their labours, and both improve and fertilize every adja- cent illand. The Supply had arrived the day before the Sirius, when the commodore, and every perlon that coulii be fpared, were bufily employed in clearing the ground for the encampment. Upon their general meeting, the Englilh colours were difplayed : when Governor Phillip, fevcral ofliccrs and private men, drank his Majcfty's health, and fucccfs to the go. vcrnment, at the foot of the tiag-flati°. On the a7th, every man was put to hit employ- ment J there was no lofs of time. Captain Phillip marked thq places for the buildings, Itorehoufes, &c. while proper overfeen were appointed x.9 keep the 4 convicU B . ffjfH ■' '- f «n ': fill \n l^'H^ l\ mm ' mmm mm. IJ ' J I If J 11; v,''-i ' > *;, '^■rrvf^.-'ho^vmnnm VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALICS, BOTA !ft coiivirts from Ur.i}j;{i;lint;, and to take fuch into ciitlody as were « ilfully retarding the Ijufind"^, In- • kod, the neceilary ojieratiins werC more laborious rhen were at firil imagined : it was as arduous a talk to remove the trees, on account of their magnitude, as it was to fell them. The weather was indeed very favourable, but inclined to be warm. There had l)ecn a temporary habitation already formed in frame- woik, with other materials, for the governor, brought from England : thefe were immediately landed, and put together as cxpcditioully aJ pofliblc. A con- veniciK lace was foon formed for the cattle, which w,.c accordingly landed : hofpital-tents were like- ■wifc erected, anil the necellity of thrm too foon dif- tovered; for though the pallhge had been attended II ith little ficknefs, and few deaths, yet after Lind- ini.; the fcurvy and ilyfcntcry raged with l"o much Virulence, that in many inllances the complaints ]ir(iv'.d fatal : w hat Hill added to the affliction of the patients was, that on account ot the inconveniences of the place little afliltance could be jjiven them. A piece of ground luul been enclofed, lor the pur- }K)ie of railing vegetables ; but this not being a pro- per feafon for low ing, they w ithered a little after they appeared. Very difagrceable weather began with the month of l-'cbruary : the rain was moll rcn)arkably heavy, and the thunder and lightning tremendous. On the cd of the month fonie pigs and llieep were killed by the lightning under a tree, where a plai e for their ihelter had been erected, and the tree itllll rent to pieces. A ceniinel, whole poll was near anoilivr tree, adjoining the canip, was very much hurt by a Halh of lightning. On the sth they began to creel llorehuufes. Some of the convicts were inilTcd this morning : it was inmiediately fufpcCted hat they returned to liot.in) Bay, in ho]>es of heiiig taken on board the iiencii iliips, thefe vellcls being in great want of hands on account of the lolies they lullained. I'ebruary 7th; this was the memorable day for ilhibiilliing the new government : all [X)liible fo- lemnity was therelore obferved. A fpage liaj been cleared, and every one allembled to hear the gover- nor's commiliion lor ellablilluiiga criminal court of judicature, admiralty-court, ixc. &:c. (lublicl) read: for this purpofe the military were drawn up, and under arms ; the convicts placed apart by thcmfelves, while tho'.e appointed fi)r princijjal ollicers Hood near the pcrfon of the governor. Mr. I). (Rollins, the judge-advocate, then read the roval commiliion, fetting forth " that by this Arthur i'hillip, lAq; veas conditutcd and appointed captain-general and go- vernor in chief in and o\ cr the territory called New South Wales, extending lioin the northern cape, or extremity of the coall called Cape ^ork, in the latitude of 10 dcg. .{■/ mm. fouth, to the fouthcrn eitremity ot the laid territory of New Soi'th Wales, or South Cape, in the latitude of 4{ deg. ^i) mm. fouth, and of all the country inland to the welUaid as tar as the 1 {5th deg, ot call longitude, reckoning from the meridian of (jreenwich, including al! the illands adjacent in the I'aulic Ocean, within the latitudes aforefaid of lodeg. {7 min. fouth, and 4.1 ''i^K' .19 """• ^outb ; and of ail towns, garnfonu, callles, torts, ami all other fortilieations or other military works, which may be herealter erected up- on the laid territorv, or any of the faid illaililK." The ad of parliament was next read for ellablilhing the courts ol judicature ; alio the |>ateniii under the great feal, authoriling projier perfous to aircmblc and hold faid courts v»lienever tlvcrc was occalion. 'I'hc ceremony concluded with three volleys, by the troops under arms. Upon which Ciovcrnor I'hiilii) advancing, complimented the foldicrs tor their lidc« lity and good conduct, and then turning to the con. vicU, addrclled them in words to tnc follgvving tendciKV : " Let ferioiis reiledioa, I rcqiicll, now point out "the happy advantages of your prcfsnc litiiation. " Coiili4vr, tlat the |;rcatcr purt of you havcaUiiaJx " forfeited your lives to ilii inlti.t of your coiinuj ; "but, through the j'rcat Kihiy of itsla'v^, eou jju) " elbmation in fociety, of which you li.ivel.it.:.- " deprived yourfelves in your to;ii.er h.il)ira:ioi! ' " Now you have not only every e.uoura^ement t(t " atone lor your pall mifconducc, but are hippily " removed from every temptation that nnn prinoki- " to guilt. Jn this iiitimt fettlemenr, tliere i> litiic " that one man can ()lunder anotlicr of; and if any " perfon Ihonki be Co h.aideivd, fo prcfumpruoii,, " as to be guilty olililhoiieil atieinj t-, the defection " mull beasfudilena.inlallibl.:, m fcj fni.ill ,1 1'nci^u ! " It is out of my pov^er to proiiufe the kill lign <>; " mercy, to thole who may be tl) vilely viciou*. | "cannot upon any accviuiu, uiuier thefe tircum- " fiances, beh.ivo in the li)i;il!eH degree f.ivourab!,-, " toluih who (liould prefume to otlend agaiiul rhe " peace and goud order of the fef.kment. All tha; " mere) > an do, you have alreuviy expenenred j ami " certainly n.. goinl Cin be e)kpe.;ted tVoui an.-, u hoia " neither pall warnings, nor the i)eculiaritie« of theu' " prcleiu lituation, can relliain tioiii vice! 1 mutt " theref()re alllire liu h oileiulers, th.ic the rigour ot" " the l.uv lluill itiuicubtedl;, be put i.i t()rce; whilf " every eiicoiira;^i.ment llull be ;;!ven to ail thoio ' whole beii.iv lour and coiulin-i pu'iiiife reform iCio:i " and every man be rewarded .".a>4,ii;)g to hisiicfer; ! " A-, there is no iiuiie wlii<.h piomous a geaei.il " prolligatv ol m.iiineis 111 iiiuiliasan iiijilc rinii- " iiate and illegal intei^ourfe ktwe-n ilic fe.\>., " fuch therelore lliall always meet wiih the utmolt " fevcrit) ; and I r.ijuell that, toavoid avicewhich " iseveiyw.iy iiijiiiious to focieiy, you w ill.vvhcaever " opportiiniius oiK-r, be reatl> Mui willing to enter " into tile matrimonial Hate; mariiaj.'e is th. gKac " louiuniRrol dot.iellic li.ippiueL. ,;iid t!.i;;.jUi.;iL\. " Believe me, that 1 Ihall be ever proud and e.i;',<.r in " countenance and aliilt all thofe who maniiell'tl.tir " williiignels to ' oiilorm to the law.s ol inoraiirv auj " relijion. Uonclly, oheheiue, and uiduiln, will " no doubt reiiiler vour fKiiations coiiilortable ami " tranquil ; whereas a contrary lineof coiuUut nitiJl " lubject you to ignominy, ililgrace, and punilli- " nient ! It lliall .ilwavs be my uaremitting cam " and alliduitv to promote, as much .is poliil)le, tin; " happincls of all thofe who are under this govcrn- " mint, and 10 render the ferilemeiit in New ."^outh " Wales both advaiiMgeou.s and honourable." The governor's addiefs w.is lieaid wiiii profound attention; and, vvlien he concluiied, the accl.im.i- tions were gcaeral ! 1 he fpeeJi hul its delircd elleoi, tor no lels than I'ourteen marri.ige, tooic |)lacc • among the convuts, in the courfe of the fuccccc'i 1 >■ nine davs. (iovcrnor I'hillip now went to le- view the troops on the ground, previoully cleared l< r a parade: he afterwards gaveailiimcr tothe oliicer.-, in celebration of the llrll d.i. ol Ins goveinment. 'I'he n.xt day leveral of the* gentleinea of tlic garrifon m.vde a |wriy to Botany i}ay by laml, tu vilit the French olliiers. Tiny wcie receivnl v»itr» every mark of ho!"pit.ility aa.l pi)l,tenefs. The con- victs who were milt'ed ;\t I'ort J.tckfon h.id been (..s it was now difcovered) at iJ.ttaay liay : they w^r.: in hopes of getting away in the l<"rench llup<{ thc'- (dfered themfeUss upon an) terms but their lei~ vite.s were jeiecled ; they were conleqnently oblif; J to return, and were almoft li.rvcd to death, having ilel:i)tii as long as pollible toavoid the puiudmKnc they delerved. A man, and .t woman named Anne Smith, were never he.ird ol. The I'l.n: ti commo- dore had given his honour tint he would not admit any of them on board his vellels. This day the iiiminal court lat for the lirfl timr, cimliHingof the jlld^^e•advoc iie and Hx oilicei* of his Majelly's forces by land or lea. flicre v^pic I'everal convict; tried liir Itloiiy; I'oinc \«ere acquit. ted, and lonti. lognJ i;i4dty, ^^ho were p.utiiilitj .it curijngly. :i Xdrulry February (2th, ^ the people were ol temporary fhclters. inadequate to the v could he hired fror of the convicts wen part of whom were complete cither the hilts for the ollicers, vernor Phillip vvas tempor.iry hotifc of full ptoot againft r, lire of fouie of the n battalion jrcventcd ii(>r befoie) the comi Upon which the \n ai!' ocafo, \ver<- fvvoi j'llicc of fupcrintcnc folk Illind, anil the govcinor Phillip app lecnnd lietitenaiU ol on:: whom the roinii 1'ebrii.iiy i.ith, l,i tachmenf, eiinliliiiig mate) Mr. J.oneloii, i;iMll^) fi:: m.iiinrv, 3 viits, with two men arid dirlling of flix, fettle on a Imall illai Zealand, which lud by l^apt. Cook (w!io of it) Noifolk III mil, ot that title. Iliey provilions of every I tools for cutting dov chief dflii'n of this of this (ettlemcnt w liendcd by a [lerulal deli'^rcJ to the fup previous to his dep low; " InllnuT-lons for V " fei iiitrn.iani und " c/'Noiuoi.i^ Li •■ With thefe inft " commiliion, appoi " romniand the (ettl< " llland, and to obe " from tunc to time " C.oviMUir in Chief *' feiiiioiy of New *' liencifi, or from " iiiv ablciKC. " Vou are thcrefo '• armed tender Supj " oi(kis t(< leceivc \ *' iinrcs and [irovilii " intended fdtlenui " Norfolk llliiid vol " (ciition ot the tin " commdlioii. 3|i'o " the laul ((.tilinuiii •• Alter haviii;^ t ii " Iccmiiig )ouililt " fiivation of tin li •' in. mediately to | " ffjx pl.mt, whicli " tancmilly on the " vation of tottdii, " llic feeds ol which " you are to iei>,aid " creafe ot which y " iliat 1 may know *' from the illaiid fo " it may be necelfar " to yum dilcrclioti " that is tailed as " this you arc to do No. 1. BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKS >N, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 21 February 12th, very heavy rains began to fall; the people were of courfe anxious to ereft their temporary (hcltirs. The number of artificers being inadequate to the work, as only fixtccn carpenters could be liircil from all the fliips, and but twelve of the convicts were of that profefTion, (the greater part of whom were indifpofcd) it was impoflible to complete cither tlic barracks for the men, or the huts for the olliccrs, aRrccable to their wilhes. Go- vernor Phillip was Hill obliged to remain in his fenipor.iry lioufc of canvas, which was by no means full pi out aj^iinft rain and wind. It being the de- file of loinc ol the nniccrs, (whofe prcfence with the battnlion [rrvcnfcd tluir attcmlance on the goyer- iicr bcfoii) the comniilVions wcie read afecond time. I'pon which tlie liiutcnnnt-govcrnor, and judge- a;*' (UMto. wiMc Iwoin julliccs of the peace : to the rllicc of fiipcrintcndant and commandant of Nor- folk Illmd, and tlic fcttlcnicnt to he made upon it, governor Thillip appointed Philip Gidley King, Efq; Ucniui licutcniiit of his Majcfty's fhip Sirius, and on.: whom thr ro^niiiodore very much eftcemed. ichruiry i.ith, l.icut. King, and only a fmall de- tachment, contilUtig of Mr. Cunningham, (matter's ni.i'.c) Mr. J.oiiulon, (furf^con's firlt mate of the t;lllu^) 11:: iiLiriiv's ami .1 icw male and female con- vkb, wii'i two iiKii villi iindciftood the cultivation and dirtling of 11 ix, wciclLUt out in the Supply to r.ttle oil a fmall ill.md to the N. \V, of the New y.taland, which li.ul no inhabitants, and was called by t'apt. Cook (who fKll ddcovereJ and approved ot ii) Noifolk llliiid, in honour to the noble family of that title. They were furnilhed with Itores and pr.-vilions of every kind for (i.x months, alfo with tools for cuttin;; down tiie timber, which was the chief dcliini of'this million : however the nature of this tcttkmcnt will be much better comprc- licntled by a pcrulal of the inllruc^ions which were deli' .rcJ to the fuperintcndant by the governor, previous to his dcp.trturc, and which arc as fol- low; " inllrui^ions /or I'liit.ii' Cidley Kino, F.irj; Sii- " fniinti'nJant flnd Cbtumandant of the Settteiitent " c/NulUOI,k l.sl.^NL'', •• With fhtle inftrucfions you will receive my «' commiilion, appointing you to fiiperinfcnd and " romniaiid the (cttlcnuiu 10 be formed in Norfolk " Kland, and to obey .^11 iucli orders as you fliall " Irom tunc to iinu- irceive from me, his Majedy's " C.oviinor in Chief, and Ciptain General of the " teiiiloiv ot New South Wales and its depen- " dciic.c<, Mui "mm wwmi i ! '< 22 ora VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES, li manner brought to the fatal tree, where the go- vernor font them by the judge-advocate their pardon, on condition that they (hould be ba- nilhod to fome defert ifland. Daniel Gordon and Jolin Williams, both blacks, were found j^uilty of Healing wine, the property of Mr. Clarke; the Court recommended Williams on account of his ignorance and youth to mercy, accordingly he re- ceived the governor's pardon : Gordon had his fen- tencc of death chmged t(5 banifhment, when he accompanied Lovel and Hall to the gallows. John Irccman, a couvicl, was found guilty of ftealing fcven pounds of flour from another convicl : when according to his fcntence he wiu ,it the tree, uitit the rope about his neck, he was oU'ered a reiirieve on condition that he would become liangm.in, ami perform all the necelTary duties of common exe- cutioner during his ftay in the country. It was fonic time before he could be prrv.iilcd upon to accept this pardon ; at lall he tonlcntcil, but with extreme rciuctince. His accomplice W'illi.iiii Shcerman was fentenccd to be shipped, and le- ceivcd three hundred laflics. \ CHAPTER IV. IVcalbcr in March — The Governor explores Brokers Bay — Some Account thereof — M-etin^s tvitb the Ni'ivef — One of the Females falls in love 'with the Governor's j^reat coal— Her cheerful ne/s — /uc:.inl of an 0!iJ Mii and a )'o:U/j— Their Civiiily — The Old Man's thef I— Governor's difpleafuie—The Naliie't lalour — Aacitiit cf tie Tiin'rr — Departure of the Trench Ships — Death of Father I^ Jleievetir — Infcripti'ji ever his Crave — Lieutenant Ball arrived from Norfolk ifland — Lord Ihwe's Ijland — liemarhahle Turtle — Defcription of At.folli Ijland — Salubrity of the Climate — Thrtt 'Jretifports difchar^ed — 'Ihc Governor's firjl Lxcurfun in April to ex'.ki e the Country — His fecend — Huccep thereof— Curfory Remarks. ^\^ 1 '• E month of March introduced very difa- J_ j,:c;c^ble weather, wiiich continued varial)lc tiiioiigliout 1 theie were frequently (Irong gales Irtiin the iouthviard aiul iouth-eaft, moilt and luzy WLMlhcr «ith a veiy high fca ; both moru- in.ns and evenings inclincJ to be cold ; the thcrino- lueter from 6u dcj.'. t) 75 deg. On the end inllant t!ie governor went with a long-boat and cutter to explore the broken, land, called by Captain Cook Broken D.iy, about eight miles to the northward of Port J.icklon, and remarkable for its extent. Ihe natives being very numerous here, though friendly-inclined, the governor deemed it advilc- able the firll nij'Jii to rcpofe in the boats which lay within a nicky point in the north-weft part ot the bay. I lie next morning they palTcd a bar, which had only water (or Inull vclfcls, and entered a very capacious branch, from which the ebb tide f.owfd with inch vehemence, that the boats cnuhl not puillbiy rcliil: the llream. ]n this place the water v. as remarkable for depth. Not having Icilure to leek a channel for the boats among banks of land and mud, this place of courfe was not fo luf- fkieiuly C-\.imuieJ as to admit of a minute detcrip- tion ; tile l.iiul in the upper part of this branch was fvvaiiipy and low, it was the lelcirt of fcver.il liirds, particulaiiy one ol an uncommon kind, calleil the hooded gull. From tiie noilh wed branch, they proceeded to the ioiith-well, having crolFed the iny ; the entrance thereof is bold, and allords good fhelitr for Ihippiiig : the foundings arc feven fa- thom, wliich incieaieil iipfm their procreding, fo llut tlitre is plenty . water for heavy vtfli'is. 'J here were large trees on the tops of the mount,iins: tlic bind w:is higlicr thin that at Port Jacklon ; equally covered with tiinbir, but more rocky; tlieie IS i-.\cellent water near the fouthern entiaiice into tlic bay, to which the commodore accordingly gave the r.ameof Piit Vi'ater. Continual rains pre- vented a Itrirter fearch. During this cxcurlion they had Itveral mcetiii;;;s with the natives. One of the fern lies fell in love with the governor's great coat, and pracliled rveiy aitfol means to induce him 10 give it to her; ihe danced, played, wept, and immediately after !.iug!icil. Lcing how- ever appealed, fhe became exceedingly cheerful and loquacious ; fiequcntly joined their party, and fung for them in a iiuniier not unpleafing. The male natives were very friendly, and conflantly afliftcd .in ligiiting the fires. On account of the heavy diualls of wind and in- rcil'ant rains, there was great difficulty in getting iLund tlic headland which ieparitcs the branches, on vifiting the fouthern branch of Brofcrn Bav. An inelfecl;ual attempt was made to land, there not being water fullicient for tlie boat : on endea- vouring to approach the rocks, two natives, an old man and a youth, who were ll.uuling thereon, perceiving how anxiouUy the f.nglilh were labour- ing to get uiulcr land, pointed out with much foii- citude the deepeft water: they afterwards brought them fire, and were dclirous to Icrve tiiem. I'hc old man conduced two of the oliioers to a dill ant cave, but they did not venture to go in, notwitii- flanding all tlic intreaties and perl'ualions which the old nun exprelled by figns; this Mas afterwards regretted, ?.s they found next day that the cave was large enough to contain their party, and woulu have been a comfortable fhclter from the laiii; this friendly old native was rewarded with prelen^s : in a day or two after this old man, his Ion, and other natives came tu dance and ling, His excel- lency gave them prefents as iifual ; but in the eve- ning a fpade uas milFed, and the governor having found it in the pofiillion of tins old man, thought proper to iliow fome marks of his dilplcafme r.n account of the theft; accordingly, pointing; to t Ik? fpade, he gave him a few tiilliiiL; Haps, and pulhed him away with indignation ; the otlcnder imme- diately feized a fpeai, and adv.ui. iii,^ towaids the governor, threatened revenge ; but hnding tiij me- naces didegarded, he threw it dosen and departed: at this time there were fevcral ofTictrs and men with the governor, lo that the braver) of this aged native was remarkable, lie appealed with tl ;• I ell of the natives the next day, but in order ta convince him of his error, he wms lefs noticed than his companions. Match <;tli. I laving now explored the cnmilrv as much as the weather woulil permit, Goveinor Phillip returned from Ihoken Jhy toPoit jacMon. It was his intention to return by land for the lake of fceking a part of the countiy which was free from timber, but the conllant rain itndcred his defign at prefent impracticable. The chief employments now going tm weiir crcrting florc-houles atid huts of cabbage-trees for the men; thefc buildings were very much reiardetl lor the want of good titnber, for though all the trees were as remarkable lor their circiimltienic as their lizc, yet ihcy arc lo crooked, fu rotten and broken, that very lew could he found of any icr- vicc; indeed it appeared fit for nothing cllo than fire-wood, for which it was excellent, as it kindled inllantaneoully. The appearance of thele trees u' very deceitful, as they might be Inppoted fit for I any BOTj any ul'e whatever, ; not ,1 piece tlieiei ever li> well dried, a heavy nature, wii Water inltantly pern natural wcigtit, it 1 immediately on im is deficient in tim which is moll exce 'unately no kind of unite it. All the I tracted from Ihells \ rcfldence of tho go cient towards the r March loth. Tl tany Bay. Count two long-boats, ar employed as the En inteicoinrc between towards the north, iher voyage. Dm lather Lc iieccveur come out as a nai wounds whith he n 1 encounter at the N, of liis untimely dill', ble. a common head loole earth which c( nailed aj;iiiift a tree ing inlcriplum : I lie jai 1:. F. K. M Phyticus i . . Duce Ob. As the painting o aw;iy b/ (iie rain, 01 iiilcription was, witi a piece of cupper, a the giivernor's coin was to fubllitute a h day. Klirch 19th. 1. Supply tender from on I ho 29th of the di/Ticiilty and d.ingei tlic toalt before he c C'luld pi flibly land t told was the violenc the Ihore, which al this pallage was diici lat. 1 1 dcg. 36 min. min. eall, which wa Lieutenant Ball ; it cumfcrence, and ver; liave flopped at tlii as ilifiicult as at N to Pott Jacklon he i he found ancliorige vas coi.d rock; the upon a fiiuly beach; not weighing lefs I liiin, anO they were jieuple in the holpita Norlolk Uland is fercnce : it is one pines, the inoft remai grandeur. Theic bei pumice llonc mixed rcafun to imagine t formed by the erupti bed of the fca. Near is a fmall mountain Mount Pitt, whence a very delightful vail ftons, each of which purpufe of turning .many other Iprings c icoullancy uf breezes BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON. NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. a.l any ul'c whatever, yet, \*liat is very e.\tr,»ordinary, not .1 piece tlicMfof, tliough cut evtr fo thin ami ever li> well dried, will flo.u in water : it is of fucii a hesvy nature, without being truly lolid, that the; Water inlt.intly penetrates, with which and its own natural wcigtu, it links to the bottom like a Hone, immediately on immerfion. Though this country is deficient in timber, it amply repays in ilonc, which is nioft excellent for building; but uiitor- :unately no kind of mortar can as yet be foiisid to unite it. All the lime th^t could be pollibly ex- tracted from lliclls was procured for the intended rcfidcncc of the governor, but it was very infufli- cient towards the rompletion thereof. March loth. The IVench fhip^ failed from Bo- tany IJay. Count Dc la I'cyroule had completed two long-bnats, and the French being as bulily employed as the Fnglifli, of courCe there was little jntci comic bt'twccn tliem. Thofe velll-ls returned towards the north, where they were to make ano- ther vi)yas;c. During their Itay in Botany IJ.iy Father Fc licceveur died; this French Abbe had come uuC as a naturaliU in the Alirolabe ; the wounds which he received during the unfortunate 1 encounter at the Navigator's lilands were the caufc of his untimely diir.)lution: his grave was but hum- ble, a common hcad-lione was lightly Uuck mto the loole earth wh.ich covered it. There was a board nailed jjMinft a tree adjoining to it with the follow- ing intcriptuin : IlicjaCCtLE RECKXtLil, I Iv V. K. Mmimis Gallix Saccrdos, • > Phyticus in circumt.avigatione '' i • Mundi, . . . , . Ducc I)e la I'eyroufe, • • ■ Ob. i/thFcb. 1788. As i!ic painting on this board was cither waflicd away b/ tlic rain, or tiellroyed by tiic natives, the inlcription was, with lonjc alterations, engraved on a piece of copper, and atlixed to the fame tree by the governor's command, whole intention it alfo was to fubUitute a lundfome hcad-lione on a future day. isiirch 19th. Lieutenant Hall arrived in the Supply tender trom Norfolk liland, which he inidc (in I ho 2i;th ot the preceding month with great difiicuity and d.iiiger. lie was about live dayj olf t!ie toalt before he could dilcover a place where he cnild pc ilibiy land the lioies ; fo great and mani- told was the violence of the furf and the rocks of the fhore, which almolt luriounil the ifland. In this pillage was diicovcrcd an unknown iHand in lat. :, I dcg. g6min. Ic^utli, and in long. ;)9 deg. 4 min. eall, which was named Lord Howe's Ifland by Lieutenant iiall ; it is about twenty tnilcs in cir- cumference, and very barren. The lieutenant would have (loppcvl at this port, but found the lanchng as dilticult as at Norfolk liland. In his return to Pott Jacklon he examined it more particularly; he found anclu'iMgc at the well fide, but the bottom vas coj.d liick; there was an abundance of turtle upon a fandy beach; eighteen of which (the fmalleft not weighing left than 150 lb.) he brought with Iiim, and they were liighly acceptable to the lick j)eo|)le in the holpital. Norfolk liland is about feven leagues in circum- ference : it IS one entire wood, overfpread with pines, tiie mod remarkable for iiraightnefs, lize and grandeur. Thci e being a great quantity of fcattered pumice Hone mixed with the earth, tiicrc is fome rcafon to imagine that the ifland was originally formed by the eruption of vulcanic matter from the bed of the fea. Near llie middle of this ifland there is a fmall mountain, named by the commandant Mount Pitt, whence a copious (beam flows through a very dclighttul valley, which makes Icveral divi- lions, each of which retains fuilirient force fur the purpufe of turning mills: bclides this, there arc .many other fprings of excellent clear water, lite \cuuuancy uf breezes from the lea moderates the • >. natural heat of the climate : fo that by fuch tempe- rature it is pure and falubrious. Nothing can thrive fo well as vegetables here, one crop always fucceed- ing another : the leaves of the trees are fo good, that they arc an excellent fubftitute for grafs, being equally as well reliflied by the flicep, hogs, goats, &c. and on which they both thrive and fatten. Nature, uncourted, more than generous fcems; Witnefs the (lately pines— the purling ftreams ; The air falubrious, and the noble foil. Which amply compenfates the fower's toil : Now bounteous Iieavcn fends rcfreihing rain. From time to time its verdure to maintain : And tho' no grafs adorns the fertile ground. The leaves of trees as good as grafs are found. Here vegetation flourilnes indeed I Crops alter crops alternately fucceed. Bleft clime! whofefun keeps off the zephyrs rude: Whole heats by conftant breezes are fubdu'd ! Such thy mild temperature throughout the year. That every winter furamer doth appear. March 25th, the Scarborough, Lady Pcnrhyn, and Charlotte, tranfports, were difcharged from government fervice, being previoully cleared of all their tL)res : they were left to their commanders free-will, who were about to depart for China in order to load home for tea, being fo appointed by the Kall-lndia Company. The month of Aptil was much the fame as that of March in refpeifl to weather, which tlill continued variable. The mornings were cloudy, and the rain generally fell at night, with foutherly and louth-caft winds; but when the wind changed tothe weftward or north-weft, it was then fair and pleafant ; when calm, it was very hot in the middle of the day, but th(^ mornings and evenings were cold. Thermometer from 6a dcg. to 72 min. The chief events of this month were two excur- fions, which were made by Governor Phillip for the purpofe of exploring the country. 1 lie fii It was on the 15th, when his F.xcellency, attended by Lieu- tenants Ball, George Johnfton, the judge-advocate. Surgeon White, three ioldiers. and two feamcn, fet out with provifions for four days, and landed at the head of Small Cove, called Shell Cove, near the entrance of the harbour on the north fide : they ar- rived to a large lake, furroundcd by extcnlivc bogs and marlhes, which rendered the examination there- of exceedingly laborious : but as the governor was dehrous to acquire all the knowledge of the place that he pollibly could, they were frequently up to their waills in water. On this lake they perceived a black fwan of a very handfomc kind, larger than a conmion one, and formed as beautiful. Being obliged to dehfl from their dcfign, they pro- ceeded a mile or two northward along to the fca- Ihorc : they then fell in with a fmall falt-watcr lagoon ; after rounding w'lith, and proceeding tour or five milen wcflward, they palled a Iwamp, and airived to an immenfe wood, which dilplayed a variety of large high trees, which were at a con- liderable diftance from each other. Though there was lume appearance of meadow land here, the foil was far from being good: the giaf'i, which was of a four nature, grew together in thick bufhes. In this place, by the governor's orders, they pitched their tents adjoining a fwamp, for the fake of being occafionally fupplicd with water, which was far from being good or clear. A large fire was kept before the tents, as it was very cold, and there was a heavy dew : during the night they were very much teazed with mulkitoes, which were no doubc allured there by the fires. The next day they pro- ceeded many miles inland towards the well : th.?y here difcovercd an attempt at (culpture by the natives, having found feveral large Hones with various figures cut thereon, confiding of reprclen- tations ot thetnfcives in ditfeicnt pofturcii. filhes, ainmals, Ik ' PiM 1 :.' m m 24 VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES. I- animals, ii.c. Much ingeuuity appeared in theie likcnefles, efpecially when proper allowance was made for the deficiency of tools. They walked fcveral miles, and in the evening fell in with the iiorth-wcii branch of Port Jackfon harbour. The Icamcn were l"o fatigued, efpecially as their Ihoes were very hid, that they could proceed no further: tiicy returned, therefore, with Lieut. Ball and a marine, tothefliips, being fupplied with a compe- tency of provifions by the governor; the reft pur- lutd their journey wcftward by the water-fide, in hopes of foon finding better land ; but were obliged • in the evening to pitch their tents in a moU melan- tlu.ly defert place, near a ftcep valley, where there was a ficih water dream: here they walhed their Hurts and dockings, drclTed their provilions, and rtlrclhed thenifclves. The next morning, April 17th, they put by their tents aii'.l remaining provifions, being now reduced to a tmall quantity of rum and bread, and proceeded wetlward about fourteen miles into the country, in learcli of land that had better water, but without luctels: under luch ciicumrtanccs they deemed it prudent to return to their tents in time, which they lemovcd a little turthcr down to the flowing of the llteam. It rained this evening very heavily, which was attended with much thunder and lightning. April 1 8th, early in the morning, they renewed their journey j proceeding down the liver, they w ere obliged to climb prodigious heights, and wade through Jeveral tides, which rendered this day's mari-h exceedingly laborious. After being very much fpent and fatigued, they were agreeably fur- priled with the fight of two boats, which Captain Hunter had fent out to meet them, ;.. -I by whom they were infoimed that the feaiiien (wi o had been obliged through fatigue to return with Lieut. Hall) had arrived fate at the (hip the day after they left them. The governor's fteward had fent provifions, which w as very acceptable : they went on board the boats, and rowed down the river till ihcy reached a little cove, where they dined with no little fatis- faction ; after which they embarked again, and about li.\ o'clock in the evening were in Sydney Cove. During this excuifion, the country was found baiien and rocky: there were fo many obltacles on the hills, that both afcending and defcending were dilUcult, and in many places impracticable. When about litteen miles diltanl from the fea-coaft, there was an excellent view of the inland country and its mountains, ieveral of which at this time revived their names from the governor ; the moft northern he called Carmarthen hills, the moll fouthern Lanl- down hills, and one which lay between thelc Kich- mond hill. Another cxcurfion took place on the 2 2d of this mnntli. The fame party, with the addition of Lieutenant Creflwell and fix privates, landed in the morning at the head ot the harbour, with provifions for (even days, intending to examine the country wcliward: they were now equipped much better than before, having (pare (hoes, tiowfers, (hirts, £tc. Lvery man carried his own allowance: the foldiers, in addition to theirs, cairied two tents with the poles, a camp kettle, &c. 'I hey had alfo a fmall hand hatchet, for the purpole of marking the trees as they went along, that they might be a diredion tor their return. It Ceemed a good country at the tirll letting out, but they thortly arrived at a very clole cover, which after long endeavouring to pals through, they were obliged to leave, lamenting their truitlels attempt. I'hcy pitched their tents near fome (lagnant water: during the night ic thundered, lightened, and rained. The governor, w lu) had not perfectly recovered from the fatigue ot his lall expedition, was fuddenty (i;izcd in the night with violent pains in his fide and loins: he was much better in the morning, and the day being jcniarkably fine, would aoC be difTuaded fium pur- fuing his intentions. By koeping clofe to the banks of a (mail creek for about four miles, they were at length able to pafs the cover. After which they fell in with a branch of Port Jackfon, which had not been difcovered till then ; on the bank of which there was very excellent grafs, and here and there fome plants, which icfembled the indigo. They proceeded along this branch weftwaid for fome miles, till at lall tliey arrived to a frelh water ftream: here they encamped •, and Capt. White having fliot a white cockatoo, and two crows, they made a kettle of fotip, whicli they thought exceeding good. It thundered, lightened, and rained, as it did the night bcf'oic. '1 li: coutitry hitherto examined was delightful; tometimc-i rifing in fmall hills, which added mucli to its beauty: the foil was excellent; the trees, which were iiiimenrely large, were about twenty to forty feet dill.ince from each other, dif- encumbcrcd with under'.vood, which is fo common in the rocky places. April i4tli, they proceeded to trace tiie river, ami difcovered a quarry of flates, which afterwards proved unfit for uk : they were induced, through the apprelienfion of rain, to pitch their tents about four in the afternoon. Inving previoafly fliot a couple of crows, and iome loraquets: their ducks being picked, theyllufledthem with fmall dices of fait beet, and roaftcd iliem, than which nothing coulj cat better. The evening h.iving cleared up, this night proved dry. An unaccountable noife, refcm- bling the human voice, was frequently heard, but whence it proceeded could neftt pun[fI:cd—JameJ Bennet inning of May was attended with A much liad ueaih.r; llrong gales Irom fouth to foiith-catl, gip.crally attended with rain in the nii;ht : the miiidlcof the month was fair and fettled for liAeial d.ivs togethir, with a regular land and r-a-wintl. About the clofe of the month the wind prevailed bctttecn S. \V. and S. E. the weather being then unfettk.l, and frequent fliowers of rain, which genrr.illy fell in the night: there was but little wind 01- warm weather in the day-tinic. The the rmonu'er from 56 deg. to (ly i!eg. May I't. Several riilling thclts w •-re brought be- fore the c riminal court, and thofe who were found guilty fenttntcd to rceeiye corporeal punifliment. J.imr> Fliiuut, a yoimg man but an ohl ofi'ender, was exci iitcil fur robbing a tent belonging ^o the Charlotte tranfpcrt of fugar, and cither articles. At ilic tree he midc a conlelTioii of his guilt, and avknowUdged oiliei crimes. 1'Uc threv traiifports. Lady Penrhyn, Charlotte, and the Scaibor■'-.'-■- : anil without the Icaft apprehrnfion, fuft'ered the Ihip's barber to fliavc hm>, and feemed very much delighted during the operation. .As the clearing of the ground was not only at- tended w ith much time but great dilhculty, it was impoHiblc to pay any extraordinary attention to vegetables j at prefent no more than about eight or ten acres with wheat and barley were fown : the Lieutenant-Governor and others had prcvioully made ufe of fomc ground for the fupport of their own live fiock, in the labour of which they were occalionally allillcd by the convids, according to the governor's command. The foundation-lTonc of a private houfe for the commodore was laid, and a plate of copficr w ith the following infcription U{>on it, was intended to be placed in the wall : " Arthur Piiillh', Hk], Captain. (ieiieral in and over his Majcrfy's Territory ol Nlw South Wales and its Dependencies, Arrived in this Country on the 18th day of January, 1788, with the firll Setthrs; And on the 15th day of May, in the fame year, the firlt of thcfe Stones was laid." May 21ft. One of the convids, William Ayres, who was for fome time in an ill Aatc of health, was permitted by Surgeon White to go into the country, a little dillancc from the camp, in fcarch for herbs to make himfeif fome tea ; late in the evening he was brought to the hofpital, dangcroully woMndcd by ;hc mtiycs, having one uf their fpears ' »G fticking I .! *,' 26 VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES. Ill m n. m nicking in his loins, which he received while he %as Hooping with his back to his advcrfary ; this weapon ftuck fo faA, and was barbed in fuch a manner, that it could not poflibly be ftirred ; it had penetrated the flefh near three inches, and it vas by the dint of cutting very deep that the fpcar Could poflibly be extracted. When Surgeon White had performed this operation, Ayrcs faid, that he had been wounded by three of^the natives, who came upon him unawares: there was one Peter Burn who attended him in the fame employment ; this man was attacked by another party, who drag, ged him along in apparent diHrels, with his head bleeding : the fituation of Ayrcs rendered it impof- fible for him to aflid his companion ; for after he was wounded he was beat in a moft cruel manner, the clothes dripped from his back, which they car- ried off, telling him by ilgns, as he interpreted, that he might now go home to his friends. A ftiirt ind a hat were afterwards found in one of the huts 6f thtf natives, which were both pierced with fpe.irs, and which, it was conjeolurcd, belonged to Peter Burn. Neither the man, nor any remains of him, Could ever be found. The governor would not be pcrfuaded but that the natives had been infulted by thefe convicts, and confiquently provoked to fuch outrage ; but Ayres declared that neither he nor his companion were aggrelTors. May 25th. The Supply tender returned from L6rd Fiowe's Ifland, being wery unfortunate in their milTion, as not one turtle could they procure, ifhe weather flie met with was fo exceedingly fqu.illy, that flie was obliged to cut away her bell bower anchor, but futfered no other damage: this difappointnicnt of the turtle was very much to be lamented, as numbers were languilhing under the fcurvy, fcveral of whom died. 26th. There were two men belonging to the Sirius, tried for afl'aulting and beating in a moft terrible manner another of the fame veflcl, while he was perfonmine his duty : they were found guil- ty, and fentenced to receive five hundred lalnes ; but in confideration of the weak flate they were in, being very much affliftcd with the fcurvy, part of the fentence was only inflicted. 28th. Cipt.iin Hunter, his firrt lieutenant, and
ikfv>iiih) prudcm Flainiifi—S/pply/uih for Nor/cl Grevevidualler meet fome Nalnei Their nani^er, and Efcape—A tei Ancther interview with tbt Nativt '-pHK month of June beg.m w X. plcifant weather, attended w breezes, but it was fuccecded with much rain, the wind being chiefl nuaner. Thermometer from 52 d lunc 4th. This being the firft c Majelly's birth-day in New South tended with more than common feft were very particular in their demo alty, which coiKluded with gen order. By the governor's commar Supply, at fun-rife, fired each a fali guns; the fame was repeated in t day, and at fun-fct. After the 1 done firing at one o'clock, the tra cuns each. The marines on ftiore at twelve, and fired three vollies, ceeded with three cheers. This over, the lieutenant-governor anc paid their refpccts to Governor Phil where they all met again at dinn^ mulii was playing the moft loyal tui health, and the Royal family's, w tation. Throughout the fettlemer of univerfal feftivity, a holiday tc and that the exultation might be vernor gnntetl n full pardon to who had been reprieved from de Qf bring biniftied : thefe men wcr called from their exile, to have 1 conviviality : large bonfires were 1 countenance difplayed both joy By the governor's comnund, ev< pint of porter, befides his comn grog ; and every convift half * pin into grog i that they might all « niafter's health. During this fccne of loyalty at the governor publicly nominated t ritory which be M taken polfcffic county. This title had been prcv bill not till now puMilhtd. BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK IS LAND, &c. 27 jands ; wbcieupon another large body o( the c» aircmbkd in a boy, abuut the itiOance of .1 mile: the tnelilh, however, declined de- ling tht cove, it being out of their way j ihvy •fore j,»i-ted *;tij their new friends in the mott able manner, ."^uring thit excurlion, rhvrc was : Imokc fecn on the tup of Lanfdown hills, ccn rhofc of Botany Bay and Port Jackfon, h uas a CL-rrain indication of the place being bitcd. About funly, at fun-rife, fired each a falutcof twenty. one J the fame was repeated in the middle of the and at fun-fct. After the King's Ihips had firing at one o'clock, the tranf|)orts fired five each. The marines on fhore were under arms elve, «nd fired three vollies, which were fuc- •d with three cheers. This ceremony Ixfing the licutenanti^overnor and all the oIKccrs [heir refp<'cte to Governor Phillip, at his houfei c they all met again at dinner, during which : was playing the mod loyal tunes : his Majelty 's li, and the Royal family's, were drank in ro- 1. Throughout the fettlemcnt, this was a day liverliil feltivity, a holiday to every labourer; hat the exultation might be general, the go- ir granted 4 full pardon to the four convicts had been reprieved from death on condition ing baniflied : thcfc men were immediately re- I from their exile, to have their lliare of the ivialiiy : large bonfires were lighted, and every cnancc difplayed both joy and fatisfaofioii. le governor's command, every foldicr had » of porter, bcfidcs his common allowance of ; and every convid half a pint uf fpiiits, made ^rog i that they might ail drink their Royal r's hcalrh. ring this fccne of loyaltjrand good-Jiumour, >v«rnor publicly nomiAatcd the part oi the ter- which be |iad taken pollcffion oi, Cumberland y. This title had been previouil/ fixed U{)oo« Qt till now puUilhed. ^ • ■.■'-•-• ; ■■ -^vf^ ■:■-> . J, . Thouj'h it might naturally be imagined, that the moll cvil.difpofed wouUt have been amufcti from their vicious inclinations, on fui.h a day of harnioiiy and pleafure, yet fa depraved and aluiidoned \stre the majority of convicts, that tlicy took advantaj^e of this general mirth, and committed fevcral thefis; they not only robbed many of the olliccrs, but even one another : neither lenity nor fevcrity lltiiicd to have «;ffecl upon thefe wrctLhci. June loth, Patrick Burn, and John Afcort, were profecuted by Lieut. G. VV. Maxwell and iMr. Ktlkr, of the Sirius, for having been concerned with other I I nvicts in riotoully attacking and affaulting fcveral liamcii belonging to the men of war: for uant of futhcicnt evidence, they were acquitted. On the 24th of this month, Edward Corbctt, one ofthcconvids whohad been concerned in the thefts on- his Majcfty's birth-day, and who for fear of de- tection abfconded the next morning, returned to the camp almoin perijhing with hunger. This being the man who was fufpeded for driving off (he cows, he was a few days before his return outlawed : the fufpicion immediately took place after his elope- ment : he acknowledged his having flolcn a frock, (the robbery with which he was charged) but de- clared his innocence of the cgws. When he raa away, he was in hopes of being able to live in th>' woods i but to his griuf found the impollibility of fuch a delign : he had trequeiul v met a party of the natives, who never ufcd him ill, though they weif never very kind to him; one, that behaved th? moll friendly, gave him a fifl), and then by figjis »)ivifed him to go home : once he was ^joprehen/ivje that they would burn himj on which account he ran away, being much alarijficd at feeing tlic hcac^ of a man in a large fire, and other remains of a human body, which was conjedurcd to be Burn's, who was carriftd off" by the natives fomc time ago, -.I'lcn Ayrea was wouijdcil ! however fevcral, p»rticuh'.rly the governor, doubted thefe reports, for there never was reafon (q fufped any of the natives were canni • bals: Corbctt, however, in their vindicatign, added, 4 ' thac m •1: Pi t m ^^ iH V O Y A G E S TO N E W S O U l" 1 1 W A L I ; S. »f'! I J!!' ,6 I that they appeared at that time in great dilhcls for food ; he had fccn tour of them languilhing away vho had perifticd through hunger. If therefore they did make occaiional ufc of human flefli, they were compelled by dire nccclfity ! Corbett's ap- pearance was ample demonlhation of the fuftl-rings Mhich he endured j the decree however by which he Ava^ outlawed was rcvoke'i, and he was referred to the criminal Cf urt, to be tried for the theft he had conunittcd. .vs he pleaded guilty, he was accord- ingly fentenced ro be hanged. Another convict, S.imuel Payton, was iikcwilc condemned with him, ior having' ftolcn on the 4th of June feveial Hurts, llockings,' combs, ^c. His trial had been po(U poned, on account of a wound he received in his head from Captain-Lieutenant Meredith, who de- tceled him in his tent, when he returned from tlie bonlirc; in confcuiience of this wound he was lor fon-e time fenfelefs: while Surgeon White atiendcd him, he frequently imi'ortuneil him to confels his guilt, and accomplices ; but he denied the robbery, though he could give no plaufii-.le reafon for bein;^ found in the captaiii-lieutenant'u tent: however, after condemnation, he not only confell'ed, but dif- covercd where fevcr.il o( the articles were. ( orbett and Payton ad.hdild the fpeotaiors at the fatal irec, arknowledging the jullu.c of their fentence, whu h they had long derer\cd, and retoniniending their flite as a caution to others. I'ayton fpoke in a very a!Vei.4ing, fublimc, and correct manner : they both died exceedingly i>enitent. The execution ot thefe two unfortunate men, who were about twenty-two and twenty. lour veai.i of .ige, feemed to have made no fmall imprellion on the minds of thole convicts ■w h) were pi'lent. The ereetion of huts was now the chief coi'icern, for as the fealon was remarkably wet, tents were found very uncomfortable; tiiele huts were only tem- porary, being compofed of very prrilhable miteri.ili. There were leveral violent llornis ol thunder and lightning. On account of the fcarcity of lilli (lor full never abounds here at the cold I'eaion ol ilie year) they were obligeil to fublill for the chief part upon fait prrvdions ; this, no doubt, was the great caufe of the liurvy, which now becanie al- inofl general. The gum which is extracted from the trees. Surgeon NV'hitc found in all call's of a violent dyfenttry, of the greatell fervice. June -jOth. This day Surgeon Wliite made the following report : Marines lick 1 \ the hofpital - - 4 L'oiualefccnts in the hofpital Marines tl'k in camp - _ - - t'onv alelVents lick in camp - Wives and children of marines uo. do. M.'rincs deail !iom the time of em- barkation to landing - - - - Woman - - - - - - - Child Marines dead lincc landing - - Children -------- Convicts lick in the horpital - - Convalefcents do. do. - - - Convicts ti'.k in camp - - - - Convalefcents do. do. Male convit'ts dead from the time ol cml)arkation to landing - - - I'emale do. do. do. • - Convitlts' children do. do. - Male convicts de.ad lincc landing - Female *lo. do. do. Convji'ts' children do. do. - - Conviiits unable to work - . - Total dead .----•- The month of July began as the lad ended, a co'Uimiancc of hlultering rainy weather: in the middle of the month it was Icli windy, though djll and cloudy ; towarils the end it Iwcanu' fair wea- ther, wiin wcdcriy winds. Jheniioniater from 52 Ucjj. to 6j dcg. 6 6 I 1 I 4 - :f) - 10 4 s 20 8 8 89 The fcorbutic patients were \\or\c thii month ; the want of fielh food wa-^ very much lamented, and the fcarcity of iilli was as leverely fclr bv tlu; natives as the Englilli, as tliey \veie cjiially li( k and miferable. Whenever any of the birds that were lliot were given them, they were fo greedy as frequently to eai iliem without being plucked, or fcarce wanned with the lire. .\ proof of their dillrefs was apparent on the lyth of June; a party ot them arrived to tiic place where the Sinus's boat had been to haul tlie feme; tliel'e natives were armed, and notwithllanding it was culloiinry, by the governor's orders, to give part ol whaifoever was caught (let it be ever lo little) to the natives that were preleiu, which always fatislied them. y<.t thefe men, without trying any tair means to obi.iiii their piirpofe, l)egan to tlueiiten the crew, and fei/ewith violence what filh they had caui;lu : Ic- veral IIomiI at a diltance to throw their fpear.s, if any relillance was iiuile ; however the cockfwai;i with much prudence flittered them to take whatever they ch.>le, on which they dei)arted with muc:i fatisfaetioii and i^ooil-humour. After this act of violence, the full that was known, an ollicer was aUva\3 lent do.ui the harbour with the boat. A caufe now i ime on to be tried, for which the governor had called a civil court of judicatuie, (onlilting of the Iudi;e- Advocate, Kcv. Mr. |ohn. fon, and Surgeon White. 'I'his was a complaint made againll Duncan Sinclair, Matter of the .Mex- aiuler tranl'port, by Henry Coble and his wiic Sul'.rina (two convicts) lornothaNing delivered a panel, which was feiit on boanl the Alexander bv a Mrs, Jai klon, containing wearing apparel, books, ivc, value twenty pounds, intended tor the ule of Henry Coble, his wile, and child. It was proved by the delemlanfs confeliion, that this iiaicei had Imi\ received on board ; and by ftinlici cvuleiue, that this packet had come aluiuier, ;iiul the books \Oii h li, I fallen out ol it had Inen deliveied to till convict. A verdiot was given lor the plaiiKilli, ■'lid the mailer ol the tranfpori cblii^ed to ciiu- penfat; the lofs which plaintills. Coble and lin wife, ■' iltained, whith was the v;ilue oi lilui.i pound ; live pounds being allowed for tile bouk* whici, were ceceivcd. July I (th. 'iheSupi>ly tender failed for Nor- folk llland with provilions, iv:c. lor the people there, four tianlports, vi/.. the Alevandcr, hiiend- lliip, I'rince of W.iles, and the liorr;>wdale vi>,tua!- ler, failed for Eni^lind ; it was their intentioii ti> go northward, and pals through the Streights of Mac all..-- and Sund.i, it bung tooeaily m the !ei- lon to atteii.pt going round Van Diemen'» l^ind, alio to eiideavoii.- to jj;et wellnard by that traet, or go eallsvard by Cape i.^-'n. On the 2ii\, Surgeon WI;itc and the maflcr of the Ciolden Cirove viotuallcr, >ieiu down the liar- bi)iir to look lor a cabttage-tree, in order to 1 over the furgcon's hut. V\ hen returning they lue' il.ri-c canoes that had been out lilhing ; they aoproached them, whereupon the natives appeared fuddviily alarm'-d, and were r.akingotJ" with as much halle a« pollible ; but as they were delirous toe oiiviiicc them that their fears were groiindlel's, the lurgeon and his companion rowed after them with an intention of giving them (onie prefents, and courting iheir favour. Aa fooii as they had reached them, an G.i woman that was among them began to tluow hir lilti in a great hurry overb>ai\l, but Ihc alter*aii!!i found by their bcliavio.ir that there was no means alarmed, Ihe was very free, and laughed uiin-oderaK ly, apparently delighted either with the prclcnts icccivcil, or hcruld female (guardian'* tiini. diiy. A party of oonvitli s\ho had been frnt to gnth^r d iuitie Bor^ fome herbs, partic which was very go the country to liot; of natives, who wen inferior in number confequently took ( the natives upwari overtaken, in all pr murdered, as the 1 thofe whom they h people w -".ccomi A ter. accid< blackfmitl. fliop tc p.ofed it b'.ing ot the genera: ity of t exceedingly fierce, rapidly, that it was and other tools wen July 2Qth. A CO the brcart by a pari plunged into the (e ming, they would he was conveyed to Surgeon White cxti which had ])enetrate gave him exiiuilite ] loll a quantity ol bli Some little time man and woman in < Weather in Au^ujl — C tealen and tvcuniieii in Matih C'li'r — In JmilberH tramb (f I! Waives at rill Jf'j qiience tberrqf—Iui ( 'ii/ktrmr and .Sun^c of feme NittiV'i- 10 Surgeon ll'biif— jKam's tnfirmation- m^lmpoJiliDH of one piirenl — Dailfy fea J^JilWIDied ll^lllH, ll 11 ember //• Septemhi THE month of/ cold and clou hoary troll : fouiher the middle it was f the end tair and pi winds. 'Ihermomc J he uih of Auji tlv; Prince of Wales brated with every di cine guns was lired ti all theollicersof the the govi rnor : there and other dc'".)nllr.i On the i6lh, a creeping kind of v along t!u ground, leaf IS about the li/( the (lulk i.thir lie refrmbling liqui)ric Uu lUtute for tea, a blood, much prelei fcurvy i« conlidercd mile from the can natives, about foun the wood with cork either for theii hu Suenily without the riiiiicnt« with then flull flickn, vhlri- they attacked the c of (he.lhcll llickii. No. 3. __ BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON. NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 29 fame herbs, particularly a vegetable like balm, which was very good and plcafant, were, croning the country to Botany Bay, met by a vaft nuinbc • of natives, who were all armed : the convids, be::-.fj inferior in number, dreaded to meet then), they confequently took ro flight, and were purlued by the natives upwards of two miles; had ihey been overtaken, in all probability, they would have been murdered, as the natives have generally infulted thofe whom they have had in their power; thelc people w ■•ccompanied with dogs, A ter accident happened on the 23d, the blackfmitl: fliop took fire': the wood which com- pofed it b'.ing of a very com'ouP '.le nature, like the genera. ity of the tunbcr, t Hamcs became txcecding'y fierce, and in a few ...mutes fpread fo rapidly, that it wa« with great difliculty the bellows and ot!ier tools wire prcferved. July 20tb. A convidl was fevircly wounded m the breaft by a party of the natives ; had he not plunged mto the lea anti laved himfelf by fwim- ining, they would certainly have nuirdtred him: he was conveyed to the hoipital as foon as poffibie. Surgeon White cxtrai.'Ud a piece of a brokci fpear, which had penetrated the fcalp, under his jar, and g,ive him exquifitc pain: he was very laint, having loll a quantity ol blood. Some little time after this, three canoes, with a mail and woman in each, camealmolt near the point V iii*r? the hofpital is eredted, to fifli. Surgeon V'.'hite, and his aflidants, approached them : they did not betray the leall fear, but on the contrary were very free .i.ul friendly : they «crc j^ieatly pleafed with fomc of the prefents they received, and others they flighted. One of the women had an infant between her knees, for whom ll.c follcited fomeihing with the moft piteous litmus. The fur; on gave iitr a piece of the linen he had to Lind up the wound-; of his patients, which (he accepted with perfcilt ratisfa(f*ion, and tied it round the child's head. One of the fliecp was lying dead at fomc little difl:ance( this caught the attention of one of thi; men, who fcemed rather curious to know what it was: they then proceeded to li(li, in which tlicy '•ere very fuccefsful. During the intervals, they danced and fun^. What is fonicwhat remarkable, thefc people, clpccially the tcmales, imitated the Englilh language in a moft di!Hncl manner, and indeed much better than the Englilh could theirs. While each party was thus mutually entertained, the natives in an abrupt manner were paddling away : the caufe of this fuddcn alarm «as the appearance of the gunner of the Supply, who at the lurgeon's rcquell laid down his gun. Upon this the natives were reconciled, and immediately refiimcd their fports : they after Aards parted in a very friendly irai'.ncr. CHAPTER VII. U'ealhfr in Aii^ii/l—C'l'-fr,iliw «/ ihf Pnnre of l('',iln's Dirlb-dav—OectJ/ional Jiy—A fu'.JtilHtc far Ti-a—A ,nu't teal en and tvoimied h a parly "f ihc NiUms—H:< Eftape — The Gmvnior imd n pur.'y ,i;.tk^ an rxdu/hn — ljii:d in Manh C'lVf— Inlcr.iezv with il-v i^alh.s — Prfffiils iucepiahle- A delay — j1 fine Diu k /bnl — They armc lo the fwlberu tranib ;f,ond>—tbe Decpiion up. purtHl /)i»/'y fenireJ,'ex>tmni:'d, and whipped — lie cirrus on Ibe Deteption—ls frii;ht,-n'-d into a C-j'ifJ/ion- ijiimin II eaiber if Septe, ined afiiiiit, and pumJhed—Ann\il ot the Siipp'y — Kemirki on b-r Paffai^e— Nitiwi dr/lny fomc Lattlc- ber If Septemkr — A Pb^HcmeHM—PrrpaiatioHi ftr difpatdiing i/y Siriut to llx dipt of Good Ibpe. THE month of Auguft commenced with rainy, told and cloudy weather i in the morning a hoary froll : fouthcrly and fouth-caft winds. About the middle it was lair and moderate, and towards the end tair and pleafant, with light and variable winds. Thermometer from 56 dcg. to 7a dtg. 'J he uih of Auguft, being hi* Royal llighiufs the Prince of Wales's birth.day. the lame was cele- brated w ith every due rcfpcitt. A liilute of twenty- one fun< was lired lron> th<; birius and Supply, and all theotlitersof the fcitiemcnt «nd IhipKdmed with thegovirnor; there were bonfire* in the cvemng, and other de'",)nflr.ition» of joy. On the i6lh, a convicl wis fcnt out to gathei a creeping kind of vine, which run» 11 great extent along the ground, w lich i« called Sweet Tea: the leaf IS about the li/c, and fonicwhat like a bay-leal 1 the flalk i.ther llendcr, the taflc very agreeable, refcmbling liquorice: in ihort, it is an excellent 111. ftitulc for tea, and as it doubtlcfn fwcctcns the blood, much preferable, when the vit»lenceof the fi urvy i« tonlidercd. After this man had gone a nule from the camp, he ua» met by a party of natives, about fourteen, who were rcf ining from the wood with cork, which they had been cutting either for theii huis or canoes 1 they were conft- oucnily without their fpcars^ havi.i.; no other in- firuments with them than fomc flone hatchets and fliell flicks, v»'ir>' they employ for this purpolc: they attacked the convict, wounded him with one of ihcflicU flicks, nod beat hiint »(((( (hiiuml- No. 3. • .jif. treatment, they made him llrip, with a view, ni) doubt, to deprive him of his clothes, perhaps would have murdered him, but providentially a report of two muCquets, which -.veie iired at fomc dillance, alarmed the alFailants, who ran precipitately away. Aug.ift 22d, Governor Phillip went with a fmall party, conlifling of Lieutenants G'eorgi. I'hnfon, Crellwell, Surgeon White, and lix (oldiers, to -xa- inine the coall between Port Jackfon and Broken Hay: thty l.uuled in Manly Love ; they perceived, at fomedillancc trom the Ihoie, about twenty canoes, with two perloiv in each, but thcfe men 'ere fo in^ tent upon fiihing, that they were very indifferent about the Englilh. When llie landed, they law three times that number: thcfe natives immediately approached, and behaved exceedingly kind j thry were very ready to join their alliflance, and one in particular, who was a black man, helped to carry the tents. There were fome llockings among the prefents that were given them, which leemcd highly acceptable, as the extreme cold n .ulc thcfe poor wrctchss fully fenlible of the advantage of being clothed. On proceeding along the io.ifl fix miles northward, they were deTa)ed near two hours, hav- ing fent back their boats, on account of a piece of wata', which wai f'omewhat deep, owing to the full* ncft ol the tide. One of tne natives, an old ma.i, behaved with the grcatell good. nature, and pointed out the Ihttllowefl part ot the lag('i- dcntially flew ovenlicboat a conliderablc way it was late in the evening before the gen'.. CI..' ww. in Sydney Cove. A report had now prevailed in (he (mienunt that one Dailey, a coiiviLt, had diicuveied a gold mine near the cntraiiee ot the luibmir. Wliilc the governor was abfeiU, this man had mformcd the lieutenant-governor and the judge-advocate, that he had fbunii a ((uanlity of yellow-coloured ere, wliich upon being examined proved to contain a proportion of gold : for this dilcovci y he claiaied his freedom, and that of a femah: convicl, their paffage to England, and a pecuniary compenfation. This ilory was told with fo much plau/iliiiity, that the gentlemen hema. Johiilloiu tempted to ilcceive boil, or piefume to liis party, he llioiil found this olHcer l< gan to bilu-ncAlia iinpolition ; coiifell had prtiiUieed wer which he had hie down. The filvcil p.iratc«l the p.irts, (oialltjiiantlty of g( baik, exainliied a afterv.ards he was wear the i11lti.1l o| imagined indeed tl C/i/,\iiri Uiinler /.ills on(f iifWorl fixfn a fibulous l/himi- lion vf the Govern Infmnistion—Arri An'nal of the /lit from iheCiipeofC, ttnJ (ian^eroui—l Curfoiy k^marks— .f^.XPTAIN H E final orders, y^ ill of OAob friends dined on b< wind, flic worked \ in the evening the took leave, and OD luuth-wcft wind, 1 I BOi \NV B\Y. FORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 31 affure the lieuirn '.lU-i^ovcrnoi ot ihi- veracity of the difcovery. D^ilty arrived tofhf cunp early in the afternoon, and informed the lieutenant-governor that he had left the oUicer in poflcflion of the mine, an * that he wasdifpatchcd by Capt. Campbell for another guard : ftill tiic lieutenant-governor doubted, but amufed Dajicy with promifes : the impottor, fcrc- fceing the niifcarriaj^c of his fcheme, haftcncd to his own tent, took a few things out of it and abfconded. Lieutenant I'auld n li:ui received orders to attend Dailcy to Capnia (l.inipbcll, but before the guard WIS ready tn lc^ out Captain Campbell and his party, who had waited fevcril hours for Dailey's ifturn, fi lulling anil hallooing thrnugli the woods for the cheat, ictiirncd very much iatigued and e)(CCtdit\c,K' vexed at die iinpolitioii. 'Ihe decep- tion was now appireiit, and hunger iiaving obliged Daiky to ka\c his Lonccalment, his reward was very contraiy to liis cspiclations » he was imme- diately fcciiicd with two others wiio v ere fufpcdctl to he his actonijilicis, ami having undergone a pri- vate and Ihii^ cxaiuination, ordered to be fevcrely whipped. Dailey notwithllanding pcrfi'ted that his late alFtrtion was true, anJ pretended that his mo- tive for deceiving tiie ollicer, was through an ap- piciicnlion he would not re<;eive the reward he ticm indrd, wh.Ll) he thought himftU fure of upon an applicaiion 10 tin- governor. lie was threaten- ed with a r. petition oi l!ic whipping every week, between the intervals to be put tt: hard labour, and incefl'antly lu.iiled with heavy irons, if he at- tempted to carry on the deception ; notwithllanding whith l.c Hill pcrlifled, and when the governor re- fuirud, i.iititcnani' J. J"liti(ton was (uifered to ac- company hmi to the plaie whetc t!ic pretended mine was. Previous 10 their letting out Lieute- nant (). Johnllonc alluicd Dailey, (hat if lie at- tempted to deceive him as he had dune Capt. Camp- bell, or prefume to tnove ll'.ree yards from him or his party, he (hould inlhntly be fhot. When he found tliisollicer loading his gu:« with b.ill, he be- gan to be Ib'newhat alarmed, and aek nowledged the impolition ; coidetliiig Jiat, the fpectmens winch he had prt'iUaed were lompolcd ot hrafs and gold, which he had hteil f( violent with (ome of the convicts, but carefully avoided any that were armed with muf'^uets, or drclFed in military clothes. It was very cloutly and rainy weather in Sep- tember, till about the 20th; after that there were very ftrong gales from the fouth-eaft quarter. A ph.Liiomenon appeared on the 5th of this month, uncommon in the fouthern hemifphere, which was an Aurora Auftralis, about half after fix in the evening. Governor Phillip figniGed to Capt. Hunter his intention of difpatching the Sirius very foon to the Cape of (lood Mope, in oriler to purchafe fucU nd th« fame day the Colden Grove failed for Norfolk Ifland, with a reinforce- ment of male and female con vi^s} two free men, as gardeners ; a midfhipman from the Sirius, to fupply the room of the late Mr. Cunningham i a feijeant, corporal, and fix privates ; alfu a compe- tency of provifious for eighteen months. As foou as they were clear of the harbour, the «riod changed more to the fouthwird j the weather became il H< af 32 VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES, I i became foul and hazy, and there were fome ftrong cales. A very ferious report was made by the cirpcnter, fignifying that the veflel already made uatcr, though it was prcviouQy imagined that (be wus remarkably firm. It is not to be wondered, that Capt. Hunter was exceedingly concerned at this information, as the voyage now entered upon was of the grcatcll moment, for the fcircity of flour, as well as other ncccffaries, rendered it abfolutcly urgent, the llock ot this article being by no means idcquatcto thctiiiantity of fait beef and pork; in- deed the fliip's crew, tor want of proper nutriment, were not fuflicienily ftrong to undertake thofeharr!- fliips which are attendant on a leaky veffel : the go- vernor had entirely left the route of this voyage to Capt. Hunter's choice, but gave fome intimations of piefciiini; the wclUrn route, which, asit had never been itt.mpted, did by no means meet the appro- bation of Capt. Hunter, efpecially as he deemed his vfU'cl not adequate to the t.ilk of making experi- ments, and likewife wis inclined to think that luch a voya'ge would have been both tedious and dan- Rerous tor delay would certainly have been attended with much danger, on account of the unhealthy fituation of the men : the captain, therefore, judged proper to purfue the track of his predcceffors, and by nuking an .-.nern pallage, pafs to the fouthward ot New /.VaUnd, and round Cape Horn. Vor -wo days tiny lloo.l off t'veeaftwa.d. wiih hopes ol advaucitig feveral le,, ' b-ir the Wind remaining in the fame point, !^ ; leather continuing hazy and foul, tlicir p; i was ftill flow, (in till- 31I1. the wind veered .>) S. S. E. and being now about 70 leagues from the coaft, tlicy tackid about, and ftood to the S W. not- vithftanding this change of wind,, the weather re- mained the fame. , ». , It became ablulutely neceflary to pump the vflTcl every two hours, as Ihe made water from ten to twelve inches, chiifly upon the larboard. Captain Iluntrr inngining the leak to be fomewhcre about the llaiUiaid boi*. near the fui face of the water, was in hopes, wlun the weather became inodei ale, and the water fmooth, that it might becafily flopped. Aiuither leport from tne captain rendered him Hill nioie fanguine in his e.xpcclations, as he uoder- liodd Mic leak was under the aftcr-p»rt of tiie fore channel, and it was fufpeclcd to proceed fjom one i»f the buit-hulcs being <-,-rroded by the copper nhicli had been taken oil upon the veflcis being fiilf (licathed. On the 6tli the weather became more clear; about noon the wind Ihilicd to K. and K. by N. th.- vcllcl fleeted S. S. K.' The wind (as it was wi(Ind) came next to N. l'-. and N. but ftill the w cat iier was as before. The crew were now fcrvcd with Hops, as it be- came raihcr cold, and it was expert ed, from the track which it was nccdl.uy to take, th»t it wouUI be llill colder. On the 9th the wind became fettled in the S. W. «iu«rtcr, and the vcflcl acerrd a courk for the louth cape of New /xaland, which on the laih they palleil ; but the wcitbcr aill continuing tnul, th«y did not attempt to nuke it, but iUxM aloof about a degree and lulf to tlie l-ruthward of it. The wind now came from the N. V.'. quarter, at- tended with continual fqualls. heavy rain, and cold weavhcr. Several l)ird» were feen at this time. 1 he fliip'i compaity, according to the dircftions of Mr. \Voi(;an the (urgeon, who deemed the eflencc of malt of great fervice, had now a proper allowance of wort. The wind continuetl for feveral days light and variable, loiiieiimcs from the foulh and (uiuh-eall, and lomctimes from the norihwaid: the wcatltar is iifiial. t)u tlvc and it became rather fair, the wind being then wiJlward; feveral divers were im* ■ in the day, and heard at nigJit. In failing from New Zuitnd tu Laye Horn, Upt. Huaur kept in a parallel between the tracks of the Kefolution and Adventure, in hopes of falling in with them, if any ifland lay between the parallels in which thofe (hips (ailed. The weather and winds became equally variable ; and, by the frequent (hiftings of the latter, the fea was in great confufion. From the ad of November to the 6th, the winds weie from N. by \V. to N. N. E. From the 7th until the 17th the weather was very variable; and, in like manner, the wind, which was between the S. E. and S. W, quarters, attended continually wiih very heavy fnow and hail, and If long gales : theCe fhowers were, in general, accompanied with furious fqualls. On the 18th the wind veered to the wefl, and tlie weather became fomewhat fair; there were (bnic gentle breezes: from this to the 24th, they viiy often foil in with mountains of ice, and on tliisdiy the ice idands weie fo numerous, that they \ ere often obliged to change their courfe: tlie wcatlu- was tlill hazy and foul, but there were fielii gale;, which became the lucceeding day (zjih) fo ftrong, as to orcalion many heavy fqualls. They were now appioaching Cape Horn, and Capt. Hunter under- (landing, from the charts of Terra del I'uego, that there was an ifland bearing fiom the Cape about .S. S. W. cUled Diego Ram!re.i, diftant about twelve leagues from *'e land : he deemed it moft proper to proceed in the way of miking it, being delirou* of expediting his voyage as loon as poflible, on ic- count of the uigcnt ncce(rily thereof. On the zrt'li, about noon, they were exirtly in the parallel of nicgoHamiiej:; hut, as they continued their courfc N. E. the captain was convinced that there i^ no (uch ifland in cxillenee. .Still they encountered leveral mountains of ice; and frequently met with divers and Icals. On the :7th the wind inclined to the northward, and from that to the N. E. attended with Come (reflj gales : they had now got but a very fraall diftancc to the eaftward of the Cape. From this to the i:thof nccemhei, the wind was in the N. E. (juartcr, which conftancy near Cipe Horn was deemed uncommon. This day one of the lea- meti, Henry Eitz-Oerald, died : lie was alllirtcd with (bnic compliint in his lungs, but his chief ailment was tlie (cuivy, which was at prefent iii general as to be truly alarming, efpecially as there was nothing on board to aflord any relief, e.vcept the clfence of malt, which was very inluflicient, on accaunt of bi>th the violence and continuance of this dilordcr. On the morninj;; of the 1 5th they palTed a moft remarkable large ice iftand, imagincil tu have been 350 feet in its perpendicular height, and about thiee miles in length. Ihe wind changed fuddcniy to the 16th, attended with a ftcady gale , on the 19th it blew very llmng from W. N. W. and on ac- count of fome freiiucnt fhowers of rain cIijii::;c\I to the S. W, quartet ; the weather likewife changing from hazy to lair. Having been twenty-ei^lit days among the ice, and made alxiut Koo league*, this day they ^ot out from among the ice ilhnds which unduiihtedly wouKI have been very dange- rous in the night tiiiK> but that the nights were very Oiort in high latitude^ and Icarccly .tiiy daik- ucls. Ihcy had now (Iroiig wcftcrly wmds, which were very favourable, and on Clirillmas day they arrived upon the meridian of Greenwich. A>iotliei fcjman, John bhtne, died on the ;oth ; and the liie- ceediiig {Uy another, Joteph Caldwell : both pe- rilhed on account of the Iciiivy. 1 Ins evening they made a fltoit trip olt till midnight, w hen they tacked about and flood for land again, which (hey (aw aarly on the next iporningi the nearell was dilUnt about four loagiM*. and the Tabic Mountain about ten S. by Iv tnfy had fallen to leeward on account of the cuoantMiiQi of » Ifiung wind from the fouthwanl. Ob the i(i of January, 1789, they Umut along (hote tu tiic IpvtHWtrd, and were a VreaU of He- 4 bin's DO' bill's lil.md in th now, but ill vain into Taijle I5,iy. ft uas Ciptain to anchor Ixfoie cicjtiun to the 111 lieilihy fituation, the necclliry diiti not til end, and and lauding. pl;ic: grouiid. A boat was diQ oil fhuic to the ii'l ccllary enquiries o he was leeelved an Jity by the olliter every infoimation impel fed niinner, word ot Eiiglifh, (land Dutc'i. A I lent by t!ie o.li'ce '"»,T y"y:,.;e; this vho till ijou- weie In (lorr. On the 2nd of J failed up 10 T.ibic I noithwMrd, where, ing, they ancfioreil and a half, and nun f.ige was iujw reci C'laafT, 'o iiifoini hciittly welcome to wiiich there uas I it w.is llierefore tec would fignify wUn lue.i (4, and ouieis for the lupplics t > bt About forty inva caie of Mr. Worgan jared for the (ick, a the capt lin, who wai rccovriy, as lie lequ: to reiuui as c.vpeditii On (he 91I1, » D wiience it was undo pons, the I'rnico ( li"ic-(hip, h,Kl airiv g'ejtra dillids on •Hid diffolutioii of le I lie men were lo e.v with the uimoll diih v.tTels into a plac. I^ulch lrig.nte fiom account lit Lieuiciia. port, about the 7ihof fhip, the cuw had fit /itkntls, that the m their pafl'age, and th their .dliltance in fee tlie (ails ; but the m formation was, that tdlitatcd to (ink tlie him, for the (akc of notwithftaiidiiig was ha-l not this been dm. h.ivc leached Ilatavi.u 01. ly four out <.t tl even to (kind upon d On the iHt!i ot ]■ joeparinjjto let (ail, rlie ainv.d of Licui aiider tranlpoir, wh M"">g ulf ridin the I'oint. This iiitcrvi picaliire on both fides «(l every ihiiijj which pirttd lelalivp tu his live months on his pi hi.s ilepaiturc fioi» V Mo. J. I BOTANY BAY. PORT JACKSON. NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 3,^ bin's lllinil in the afieinooii. Tliey cmloavtiurcd ii'iw, hut ill Villi, to fetch round the iccf and get into Tabic Bay. IcwasCiptain Hunter's will; to bring the fliip to anchor biKjie nij^ht, in oidiTtrtt;ivc fomc rc- ciiMiiiin t(i the men, who, on account of their iin- licilthy (iiu.ition, wciv; Ic.ucely ;ible to perform the necell'uy duties; accordingly hei;in round the iu)ith cm!, and ;iin.l»ored lij^ht oil' the flag-lblF and landing place in nine fathoms water coarfc crouiid. A Ih),u was difpjtched with the firlt lieutenant ni". Ihoic to the iflind, in order to make_ fome nc- cill'irv enquiiitb of the commanding ollker there } he was received and treated with the j^rcatcft civi- Jity by the ollictr, who very politely gave him every infoimation he could, but that in the mod impel feet manner, as tlu; officer could not (peak a woid of tiiglifh, n:ir did the lioutcnant under- Hand Dutch. A halkel of fruit was vriy kindly lent by the ofllcer as fomc lefreflunent alter a Vmr voy.i.^c; this wis divided imon^ the ilLk, who' (ill n()W weie veiy appitlitnfive they weic not in port. On the and of Jmu.iry they got under way and failed up 10 T: be prepared. About forty invalids were landed under the caieof Mr. W organ, and comfortable places pre- jaredforthe lick, atciUing to the directions ot the t.i|>t lin. who wa^ v ly anxious for their fpeedy recovri y, as he re<|uii i the fervices of all a-board, to return as cxpeditiouily as pofiitile. On (lis ytU. a Dutch India Ihip arrived lierc, whence it wis uuderllooil that one of the tranl- Tuius the I'nnce of Wales, and the Boriowd.iie (l.'ic-fhip, h,Kl airived at Uii) Jineiioiingly, »n tli- nieatcll dillicfs on account of the fcveic licknelu and difl'olution of leveral on board of her ; in Ibort, the men were fc» e\cecdin}{ly weak, that it was with the uimvill diiUculty they could bnikg th«»r v.tTcIs into a place of Iccinuy. (Jn iha i^th a Dutch Irigste fioiu Hatavia likewile bi ought an account of Lieutenant bWtland's ariivil at that iMrt, about the ;thot December, ijHli, with a 6ni;lo fhipi the citwhadfulfcrcd to much throtigU (evere lickntls. that the majority of them had died upon their pafl'age, and the otlkcr* were obliji«l to join their .iirillancc in (ccurin)^ the vtllels and handing the Calls J but the moll dilhclUng part of the in- formatiin was. that Lieutenant Short land was ne- iilFitated to link the other fl.ip which accomp.mied him, for the lake of uniting both crows, wliicli notwithtlaiiding wa*(cajocly luflkient to inanono: La.4 not thi» btqn done, neither of the vefleU could hive tracked Datavii. On his anival there were only four out tt the two crew» that were able even to Ikmd upon dak. On the iHtli of fcbtu-uy aaCipLMB Hunt«r w-w jniparumto let fail, ho. wan agreeably i'urpriled by rlie aiiival of Lieutenant Shortlaiul in lUc Alex- ander tranlpoit, which he dilcoveied aH he wa» tioing oil fioin the Ihorc comiort round (Jrtxn Point. This interview w.i» piaduiHive of Hitat picalurc (»n both fides •,, the lieuicnaiit iiad conlinn- eil every ihinn which tlic Dultli Irinate liad im- part«d iclativp lu his misfortune* i he was' alrtlnll live months on bis patlajic to llatavia. IVcvioun to hwiWpaituic from I'oit JtcLlon, ho had beuii in iNo. J. company with the two vfflels of which the Dutcli Indiamjii had given an account. Duiim;, (lie captain's :;ay in Tabic Buy, he ex- perienced much polite attention from the govtvnor ami other oflicers of the fettlement. On the :oth of Febiuary lie failed fer Port jncklon ; having provided al'out fix months iiore of flour for the whole fettlement, with other neccfTai y articles ; pre- vious to the embarking of tlicfe tlie vcdcl had beeji heeled for the purpofc of flopping tlie leak, which was attended witli great difliculty at lirlf, but by the dint of perfi-'verancc and labour was at length accomplilhed. The principal hole, for there v.erc feveral fmall ones, which was about an inch, was carefully flopped up with a wooden plug, which was afterwards covered with copper : notwith- ftanding all this precaution, the vciTcl (UII made water, it being impoflible at prelent to remedy its defects. After leaving the Cape of Good Mope t!;c wind continued for liivcral days fouthwaid, the we.ulicr foul and hazy j the truirel-trees of the main-top- ' mail having been fprung on the :cth, after ihiking they were unrigged, and new ones fitted ; thcic were now very heavy gales and a lumultiious ki, the wind from N. N. E. and N. Itill continuing very unfavourable till the 20th, when it fhiftcd wclhvard ; but when they were fcizing this oppor- tunity of making all the (ail they could, it fuiUlenly lliiftcd to the fouthwaid. attended with a violent blalL Captain Hunter was in hopes, as they were near Van Diemen's Land, to be able to crofs it, and complete his return in a iliort time ; but the blall became a tempeli, the fea wis moie tumul- tuous while the weather was mofl lemarkably foul. Tlie next day thf fore, main, and mi/./.en llay-fails were all fplit by the violence of the wind : on ac- count lit this misfortune ility were toicul to apply the reefed tore-fail m\i\ b.ilanced mi/.zen, alio to hand the tore-fail tor fome lime. This tempetl incieaiing inlicid of abating, rendered their iitua- tioif both critical and dangeious ; there were three days that they fiw no luii, nor a ftar at night : K having cleared S little in the hon/.on, about half palt three in the afternoon, there was land feeii bcann;;'^itl ; they eoiileut with an armed party of mil iocs to g;!th r fwect tea, and other herbs, ftraycd awiy from his p.uty, and being afterwards mot l)v the ii:i(l>'i's, was nundcred. The marines iuard the noiic of the natives, and the groans of Ilanilliy, hut louKl not find the place where he was ill I line to piedivc Lis life: they purfued the nuirileiers, but did not overtake them. Maving re- tuincd with his body nuiftfliockingly mutilated, it was in the evening lent out to be interred, attended by a p.uty ot loidiers and convicts, according to the coniiu md of the govci nor. On the loth there was a general court-martial, convened hy his excellency's warrant. As foon as tin: deputy judge-advocate and the members were a/lcmblcJ, ihcy all cnixuircd in opinion that though the governor had lull powti and authority to grtnt and hold couit-m rti/ls among regular froiip«, yet aoacoipsot iiuiiiK^, amen.ible to the iiilliuctions iflucd fioin the bo.ird ot idmiraliy, and under the influence of a paititulir code of liwii, they could nul piucecd lu tiial, the laid board nut having dele- gated any part of their authority over the marine corps (particularly that of granting and holding court-martials) to the governor, neither did any part cf the a«5l of parliament for inftituiing a colony in New South Wales contain diredions relative to the faid kibjert in any degree: the marine inUruc- tions, with refpea to court-martials, flate, that no general court-martial can be ordered but by the Lord High Admiral, or the commiflioners for exe- cuting the office; nor any fentence becariied into execution, until approved of by him or them, un- lets the marines, as in America, (hould be by art of parliament cnnfidcrcd as a part of the army, which is not the cafe here. On the aSth a marine went to gather fwcet tea, and fome herbs, but never returned, nor could any mformation of him be ever had 1 it was fufpe(f\cd, as he departed unarmed, that he was murdered by the natives. ' On the 7th of November a convid received five hundred laflics for Healing eight penny-worth of foap, which belonged to another convift, accord- ing to the fentence of the criminal-court. On the loth the Golden Grove returned from Norfolk Ifland, with timber and fome other aiti- cles for the governor. During her Cay there, fo uufafo BOT/ Untafe is every hail obliged to cut her tcr of the (hip was boat's crew and hit 1 liomas Bulmo the nth, in conic received from anot tin the 17th, and quilted. Unfortunately tl among the natives exceedingly deplor women, and cliildr (uppohd, as noncf with the (inall-pox, diliirder till now. with any icmcdies rent, from the poli that they were deli doubt, were difi^ull veral were (ouml I their heads (looped cimingon rocks or ,1 iilclf i in (hort, the; they were nulanclu her face 011 the fun knees were drawn u two children, a boy tin ycais of age, ai poled to be their fat at ion J they were ht men died in a (hort I'd, anti (eeiiied veiy w.is (hewn them. Captain Shea, of ;ng con 111 mpt ion ; I tid. Six marines w robbing the public il that tlicfe men had 1 lite, being (educed whom they had a the lofs (it rheic men tin y Were however ^ I he continual at tionsof the natives he was relolvcd 01 conciliate their con injagined that by en natives, cloathing tacy were part of his UHjfure remove the pole Lieutenant Ball licorge johnllon, ihc harbour : accon native who was iliirty years of age gentlemen, and wl prefcnts, one of the Itruclions, whippc-d tiantancoully dragg was exceedingly al nunnci as to affein irnme>liatcly made u efiedl : however, the him ; they removed tliey brought him t an won upon his Ic, t ipe, and which he luiiient. /\s the p.iiticuliily acicntiv and in time reconcile oiiiiiiicnt was (lion iiicomnioiled his le: vhciever he plealcti Aia-ba-noo J he w learned in a limit ti At this time tlier t(\, and the garden mile, in due Icafun to BOTANY BAY, PORT JAC KSON, NOR FOLK IS I.,AN]3, &c. 35 UnCite is every harbour in the whole iflinJ, (he was obhgcd to cut her cable and (iand to lea : the iDaf- tcr of tiie (hip was fwampcil in the furf, and his bii.u's crew and himfcif had nearly perilhc.l. '1 liomas BuIniDic, a private marine, died on tlie iiih, in conii-quence of (omc fiivcre blows he itxeivcd from another, who was tried for liis life vcrnor's houle, they put an lion upon his leg, in order to prevent his ef- ctpc, and which he was led to believe was an or- nament. As the governor and all prelicnt were p.iiticuliily atuntive to him, he became cheerful, ajul in tune reconciled tu his iituaiion. His fuppofed (iiaiiiKnt was (i)on taken away, as it evidently iiicoiniiioilcd his leg, and he was permitted tu gu wherever he plealed. The name ot this native was Ara-ba-noo ; he was remarkably docile, having learned in a (hort time all the gentlemen's names. At this time there was a number ot huts errd- ed, and the gardens were In improved as to uro- iniie, in due lc»C«ni a very cxtcofive Una : tiicre was a great qtiantity of ground already cleared upon Uole-hill for the cultivation of com; but the (lidiculiics ill bringing cultivation to perfection were aliiioft infurmountabic ; the want ot fufli- cient hands to accomplilh the neceflary labour was, in a great mealure, the chief caule ot its being retarded ; add to which, the (caicity of water, particularly at Ro(e-hill, where there is very little, and that little very bad : the corn, when fown, made a moft promiling appearance at firft ; but as foon as it attained two or three feet height, it was fo miferable as to be worth nothing: in- deed if it had been good, the rats, which are a very great plague in this country, would have de- flroyed it. Captain Hunter, upon his return, havingwaited on the governor to pay his refpccfs, to his no lit- tle adonifhment, perceived Ara-ba-noo drinking tea with his excellency and friends ; he was very gentccly drefled, and feemed perfectly acquainted with the wie of a cup and faucer. Ara-ba-noo ia a very diort time leained Captain Hunter's name, and appeared to be remarkably attached to him. On the I'oth of May, I7ii9, the governor and his family dined with Captain Hunter, alio Ara- ba-noo, who behaved exceedingly well, and was very loquacious. It was acknowledged by all the prelent company, that he was an agreeable companion. OA the fufcccding day Ara-ba-noo fickened of the fmall-pox. Surgeon White was exceedingly attentive fo him, but in fpite ot all his care he died on the i6th, and was univeifally lamented : he was buried, by command of the governor, in a very genteel manner. ^ T lie governor, dcfirous to explore again fome parts of the harbour of Broken Bay, made a party on the 6th of June, which conlilted of himfelf. Captains Hunter, Johnfton, Collins, Surgeon White, Medis. Worgan, lowed, and a few armed at- tendants : they landed on the north part of Port Jacklon, and at fix o'clock in the morning pro- ceeded northward on the fea-coaft ; previous to this Mr. Kellie was difpatched with two boats, con- taining fuch a quantity of provifions as they deemed fuflicient. Their march was at Hrft very fatiguing, owing to the roughnefs of the paths, and the feveral af- cents of hills : the cariiage ot their provifions too, which was no fmall burthen, rendered their jour- ney llill more tirelbme. About four o'clock thoy reached the fouth branch of Broken Bay, and were not a little plcafed with the fafc arrival of their boats, which contained their fupplies. The company was at prefcnt too much fatij^ued to go on further : in order to reft and rcfrefh them- fclvea, they pitched their tents, and having been very fuccefsful at this time in catching fifli, they made a hearty dinner, and rcfted for the remaindei' oi the day. The next morning they reached Pitt Water, and here they delayed fo long in exploring this and the adjacent places, that it was aturwards judged too late to profecute their march, fo they returned to the place where thcy had refrefhed themfelves the preceding day, and paiTed this night as be- fore. The boats crews difcovered, on their rambles, feveral natives almod periihing in the fmall ^x : particularly a female who was lying on the wet grals in a mod miferable fituatioo. I'he. governor and his friends, when informed of hep mifery, went to fee her, made a fire for her, dried tht Jrafs, broiled fome fi(h and birds which thcy had lot, and gave her refrcfliment ; the poor wretch appeared exceedingly thankful : they now left ber to repofe herfelf ; and having renewed their vi&t, found hsr with an inftnt lying on the gound 1 her " • * j'Hjt»w'^.», "'i^j.oiif'i, maternal v'4i:% ill .16 VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES, maternal alVcCtion was cximncly moving: the gentlemen gave her relVcflitucnts again, and in the nicrning repeated their kindnel's. This day, June «th. the governor and his party embarked in the boats, and croli'ed the bay to tiie iionh branch : they landed on the wed Ihorc, where they dined ; they then took theeatl lide, and having nic; wiih many mangroves and IhoaU, returned and encamped on the well: Ihore. larly on the 9th they took the northward direc- tion, and after rowing about fevcii miles up the head ot the harbour, and meeting fevcral extenfive llioals, they approached the north entrance, and pitched their tents for the night : the two fuccced- ing days were fpent in exploring the north harbour, dming which time they were very ruccclstul in oitchmg tilh, cfpeciallya kind ot" mullet, whith was exceedingly good, and on which account the illanil icccived the name of Mullet. The governor and Capt. Hunter continued their cxan?ination tor the dav, while the rell of the party rem lined in the teilti. They remained t«o nights in Mullet lllaiid. Karly the next morning they proceeded to cxa- miue a point of high land, which they fuppofed an illand ; in this they were not deceived: they had the ficisfaction alfo of making frclh difcoveries. (laving pitched their tents in the bell place tliey could ii;u), (but liy no means a dcfireable fituaiion) they rcfVenied and' relied themfelvcs : they did not renew their examipation the next day till rather, late, oiJ account of the hazincfs of the wcithcr ; time, thcrefurc, i\id not admit of much pcnttration : the ije:^t day was equally difaj'/ceablci they therefore linde for I'ltt \\'atcr, where they encamped. The governor fought the mother and chiUl whom he had ieUyyed in tlii^ place ; ^ut as they were gone, he was i.i) hopes (lie was fo well recovered as tube no loii^^er difgulling tt) her friends. The wind beir.g northerly, they failed at miilnight foj- home, and early the next morning prociedcd by land : about tluee o'cloclf they reached the north CQve of I'ort Jackfon. ' Another vifit to Broken Day was undcitaken on, the '2RtI)'i;f June, by the lame party, with the addi- tional iuiiiib(;r ot live marines. In thecourfeof this. <'\|iedition nothing muterral ociuind, as they weic (Mily review ing the places which they had lecn before. 'lluy iVet V. ith two little children at Mullet Illanvj, ahiiolMiarved to death, who were very gratelul tor llie' leliif wliiih was bellowed them: the)ialfo met with I'vti.il dead natives on the way; many of vhciii weielo walled, that thcv were nicer Ikeletons. After a fortnight's ramble, Captain Hunter's Ihocs were entirely worn out with the roughnefs of the ground, \'o that he was determined to return to l)roken Bay, whyri^ the boats were waiting ; the relt of the parry, except Capt. Collins, who williirl to join Captain Hunter, were inclined to walk about the head oi the north-well harbour. Wliilc C'.ijjtains Hunter a'ld Collins were about entering into this tleterinination, two of the gentlemen, wlu> were delirous to crofs through the wood to the Sirius, where there were about 400 yarils of water. They accordingly made preparations for fwimming; each tied his Ihirt, breeches, and llioe:;, up in a hantikerchief, and threw the bundle acrofs Ins flioulders j then, having taken a glafs of rum, they plunged in, and fwam for the oppolite fliorc; but one of the gentlemen, being fuddenly feized with the c-amp, was obliged to drop his biinnl the pi icc whence the firings proceeded; and as they (lenuent- ly called out together, they heard at fill a taint voice at fome little dillaiuc; this enco.;ri;ed tlun* to go on, and they foun dilcovered the loll perfun, who proved to be one IVter White, fail-maker to the .Sirius, who had been abk-nt lour days. He wn fi> cxiiaulled with grief and hunger, that he couii fcaticly Hand: he had only four ounces of bif uic when he left the vellcl, fome of which he had Hill remaining, it was a lon.5 time before he w;is quae recovered. The gentlemen gave hin\ refrcthnKiu». As foon as he was able to fpcak, l.e told them, that the ll.nt of his gun was fo bad, he could not get it to llrike lire all ih: preceding day, when he wanted to llioot fomc biidi for his fu{>}X)rt : on theapproac h of night, being very coM, he eiideavnured to llriki: lire with it again; and uoiwithllaniimg he had h- boured fo long in vainbclorc, yet now he iortunately fucceeded: the next day he couKI do no good witii it ; but wliei) he waiued to anfwer the geiiti.cmen i firing, it never iiiilRd. Such was the wonderful prefervation of this man, who was truly fenlible of the great :iiercies of IVovidcnce, convinced ilut, ha. I it ni>t been for divine intvrpolition, he mull have ine\it;(bly ptrifliet)! ; „ , What ijio' adverlttie^ boar'gainft uk hanl. Still lieav'n can fend relief) as well a« gutidl C H A P Tj" E R III. rl-r Dff.i'/s of I he Sirius Yi-paired — Rniioxrd, i^r. fmr, Sydney Cr^vc — Sur:ry cf Brnhcn Riv—TI,m —Due 0/ ibrin inediiates bit e/eepe-'I'.ffeds il—Ret»iV'ks and DirciUonf Jit failing nilo Botany ^.^y~-Jfj for failhif ml Broken Bay. • •' it r- '" • r«ttlement to make a Turvey of Rrokf n Bay 1"'HE Sirius had now iindergoiic fome nccrfHry ; icpiirs: Cap:aw FUillip, who examined her. (kvlajed ihe was in a very weak condition ; her up- per works were particularly defective. The carpcn- ttis were (ontinuallyon bQ.ird het; and the crew vert- chielly employed ift cutting di>*n timber tor licr. uA". At this time >l>e lay in, Careening Cove, a,co'V^ciiJ"l).i. jiart on the tw)rth lide of the harboun ho:.'ciui^v,ii ftom Sydney Cove beinjf judged abfon (yU'lyiieceirary. Ca|iti>i;i WWWU agri;«ab|p to tl^c wilhci of. ti»fl gy:,e(ii(jr, (while the Sinus was rcp^^ifing) wwt JttUl * party of the gentlemen belonging to the TItii was in the middleof A»ia;ly ilifpleafed wi^h i>'er, l)cc'affic NiOR I U'wtk of Co-:U-by. No. 4. BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. M k was inipofliblc to icll what delays or accidents inij.^ht aticnd ihofc llorc-fhips. About this time one' John Mara, the gunner's mate, was mifling ; he was Iriqucntly fcarchcd for, but in vain ; it was liip(A>led that he cither loft himfelf in the woods, or hail liecn niiirdcicd by the natives : he was, however, lound hy Captain Hunter, the third day after his abilnce, lilting ujwn a rock; but in fuch a lan- guiiliinf.' ftatc, that he was fcarcely able to attend tlic I attain to the boat. It feems, this man, having bti 11 put on fliore one evening, to fill fomc cafks vithuaicr, was overcome with the grog he drank, and lell talt ailtcp near the flream : he did not awake i;ll it was ni-ht-iinic, when, being very much alarmed, he im(irudcntly endeavoured to come out «)l :i.e wood ; but, on account of the darknefs of the nij.hi, untorti'tiatfly went further into it He con- tiiiuol riniblint:; for two days, full of dcfpair and apprei.cniion, particularly as he was unarmed, and coi,l<.;ucntlv in tUtngcr of being attacked by the nati\cs. 'Ihc thinl day he had reached the water- fiili- ; but was fo cxhautled, that, had it not been lor tilt imiel) difcoviry of Capt. Hunter, he muff certainly have ditd. On the 6th of November, Mr. Francis Hill, one of the mailer's mates, lol> himlelf in an attempt to walk round the Sinus, though he had already atxompanicd the gentlemen in this walk the three preceding d.ays. Parties were fent in fearch for him, but without clledt j and as he could never be heard of, It was concluded that the natives had deftroyed hiu), eCpctialiy as they were fo hollilcly inclined of late, that Icvcral have found it neccfFary to fhc m their own ilefcnce, and uound two or three of them which fomewhat curbed this dilpofition, and created a proper awe. On the 7th of November, the Sirius was moved back to Sydney Cove ; and on the 25th Lieutenant liraitli-y, f v comnimd of the governor, went again in feach of a narive or two, in order to be dome- llicaitd, as Ara-ba-noo was, that the Engliih and r.'.tivcs might be liurcby reconciled. The two childun, who had been prefcrved from the fmalU iM.x, were accounted too young as yet to promote ilii^ delircd reconciliation; they were however very hupv in their luuadon, and fecmcd to comprehend fo;iie of the F.nghlh lanr^uagc. As the lieutenant an I ills party apjiroa. hed the north part of the turbimr, according to ther willies they met v. ith two natives ; theft men fcemcd very cheerful and faiiiiliar, nor was it any difJitult matter to fecurc tiiem : they were however very much alarmed upon bting fcizcd, and matte all the rcfiftaive In their power : their hand* were untied, upon which their tears fecmed to diminifh ; and when condihlttd toi the governor, the kind treatment they received re- niiived entirely thur apprehenlions. As loon as the infant natives perceive«l them, they exprelTcd a deal of joy, and called them both by their names: they likewifc knew the children, whom they called A-ba- roo (the girl) and Nan-bar-ry (the boy). One of tliefe natives, as wa» underHood from the children, was a diHingiiilhcd chief; his name wa» Co-al-by, about 35 years of age j the other was called Hu-na- ling, about 2U and it wai fuppoled that Ba-na- l.ii\i» was under fomc irftraint iii the prcfchcc of Co-al-by, as he was very lilent whenever 'he chief looked at him.RBd apparently fubmilfivc to his will. On the evdning of the lath of Dccertibei', when it was very dark, thefe cWo natives and their kec'p. I rii *ere at fupper ! Co-al-by was only pretending to cat, as he was now ineditatirj his tfc'J|ie at rlie oiitlide of the door, ihe rtft beirtp within. Having by feme means loofcned the rbpo fVom the iron lliacklc which iwaj Hvcttcd on his leg, he in-' '.tftiitaneounv )umpifc on the head of an empty calk. In the fpacc of about two months the llorchoufc was erecU-il, and in the courfe of a little time tem- porary dwellings for the people: the gardeii-gfound Wcis alfo turned up, and a Imall quantity of wheat fown. As it required no little rigour tokccpthcconvids within bouiuls, who were continually ncgleCUng their bulincfs, and idleing thofe who were difpofcd to labour; the comniaiulanr, lor the prcfervation of good order and regularity, thought it highly cffential lu ellablilli a certain number of regulations, and en- force a ftrid attention thereto. One Sunday thcrc- - lore, afier perlorming divine fervice as ufual, he read to them the following orders. " As It is highly nccelfary, for the prcfervatiot) " of good order, regularity, and dcanlir.efs, tocfta- 1 " blilh certain rules and regulations, the follow ing " arc to be obferved, and pertormcd w ith the firictelt " attention. " L No perfon is to abfent himfelf from public " v.orlhip, which w-'' -gin every Sunday morning "at I levin oVlock, in the commandant's houfe ; " when every one will come clean and orderly, and " behave thtmfelves devoutly. " IL The hours of work areas follow, until fur- " thcr orders: to begin work at day light, and work " till half pad feven ; at half pall eight, to work '• again until half pall eleven; andthen to work again " at two until fun-fet. " III. In order to encourage the cultivation of " gardens, every one will have the Saturdays to clear " away and cultivate gardens for themfelves ; and " thofe who are indufirious will be encouraged, but " thofe who mifapply that indulgence will be dc- " privcd of it. " IV. On application, at the proper time of the " year, feeds will be diliributcd to thofe who have " cleared away garden-ground ; and thole who raifc " the greatcll quantity of feeds and vegetables will " be encouraged and rewarded. " V. The women arc to fweep round the houfea " or tents every mjrning, and to cook the viduals " for the men ; and every perfon is iUkily forbid " cleaning any fi"i or Ibwls in or near the houfes, " but to go to the Tea-fide for that pur|)ofc. " VI. Ewery pc. fon is Hridly forbid going near "Turtle Bay; anc thofe who arc tbund in it, or " going there, will be inftantly and fevercly punilhcd. " VII. The women arc to collect the dirty linen " belonging to the men every Friday, and to return " each man his proper linen, walhed and mended, " on the Sunday morning. " VIII. No perfon is to cut down or deftroy any " banana tree. " IX. Exchanging or felling doaths by the con- " vids, is flrjdly forbid. As their cloathing is the " property of the crown, they arc not to difpofc of " it. A difobedicncc of this onjer will be deemed " a theft, and meet with a A' iblc punifiiment. It " is recommended to every one to be careful of their " cloathing and bedding, as accidents may happen " which may prevent a fpcedy fupply; •« X. Great care is to be taken of all the tools ; " each man taking his axe or hoc to his tent, or dc- " livcring them to the fiorc-kccpcr, that they may " not be injured by the weather. > " 3CI. As the future welfare of every perfon on "thi. " this iflmd depei " recommended to "difpofitiontowoi " and, above all, tc "each other, whic " who may have ii " widi and inclina " honed, or idle, n " being totally cxc " indulgences, but " either by ...orp:. " be knt to Port Jj " court there." Notwitlillanding feveral were ditoch one of the marines, inandaiit's tent : he lalhes, and the qua detli.ciecl from his a fifteen years of agt he received an hunc found dealing a h; which was fitting c lalhes. Ill order to facilit employed; but lor the work, particula trees, and occafionei entitily blinded by with violent coUls. a < .irpenter, and tlu by catiiij; foni<^ear warJs Ificd with bui Kill vomitings, and ever by the allidanc large quantity of fwi tinned fo weak that d.iys: thefe beans v thofe which had b( and Surgeon White when they were fei/ beinrc nuntioned A very leriuus mi; five ewes died of | perilhed wall eating inained one ewe, four hens, (inece)ck. As there was fome in lefpect to the rec received forty lafiies exprefiions of a fed, fo inconliderate, th ncceflity of dinted inaiulant took ever aconomy. About five month were linidied. Prov tliat the common all feafonable arrival ot billy anfweicd her joy. A fad mislbrtu furei the lofs of M inalbrmer chapter) Iten difpatched to of danger, were fwi and overfec by a h) except one man, wh rowly efcaped. For the reader's b ccfiiiry to fubjoin th governor's feveral qi Kturned by the Sup copy of both. CJiiedions hyGnvr.Rt KiNu, Ejq; Super i fett/ementof^09.To I. " IN what til " be able 10 fupport " independent of llip , \ BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 39 " this iflmd depends on their good behaviour, it is " recommended to them to pcrfcvere in that willing " difpotition to work which they have hitherto Ihcwn; " and. above all, to be honcft and obliging towards "each other, which will recommend them to thofc " who may have it in their power, and who have a " wifli and inclination to ferve them: but the dif- " honcit, or idle, niay not only aflure themfclves of " bcin^ totally excluded from any prcfcnt or future " iMiliilgences, but alfo that rhey will be chaftifed, " cither by i^rpc.al punifhment on the idand, or " be lent to Fort Jackfon, to be tried by a criminal " court there." Notwitlillanding the menace in the laft article, fcvcral were deifded in robberies. John Batchelor, one of the marines, llolc fome rum out of the com- munJant's cent : he was puniflied with three dozen lathes, and the quantity ol rum which he had taken dcUucicd from his allowance. A convid boy, about fifteen years of age, was guilty of the fame theft : he rcceivcti an hundred ladies. Another convidt was found dealing a hatch of eggs from under a hen, vhwh was fitting on them: he received thirty>fix laflu-s. In order to facilitate the bufinefs, every artift was employed ; but iome unforefcen accidents retarded the work, particularly a duft which fell from the trees, and occafioned many fore eyes ; one man was tntiiily blinded by it ; tefidcs feveral were laid up with violent colds. There were alfo two fawyers, a I arpentcr, and iliree convicts, who were poifoncd by catinj: fonitv^eans, which they boiled, and after- wards tfitd with butter: they were feized with vio lent \omitings, and pains in their domach ; how- ever by the alHdance ot the furgeon, who applied a large quantity of fwect oil, they recovered, but con- tinued fo weak that they could not work tor feveral d.iys: thefe beans were certainly the fame kind of thofe which had been eaten by Governor Phillip and Surgeon White, on one of their excurlions, when they were feized with the like complaint as bclorc mentioned. A very lerious misfortune attended the live dock: five ewes dad of the fcab, and two of the fows peridud w ith eating a poifonous herb. There re- innincd one ewe, one goat, two fows, two boars, four hens, one cock, three ducks, and one drake. As there was fome murmuring among the convicts in icfptct to the receipt of provilions, one of them received forty ladies for uttering feveral threatening expreflions of a feditious tendency : thefe men were fo inconfiderate, that they did not underdand the nccedity of dinted allowances, though the com- iiiandunt cook every opportunity to recommend economy. About live months after their arrival, feveral huts were linillied. I'rovilions, at this time, were fo low, that the common allowances were curtailed i but the feafonalik arrival of the Supply (which by fupplyine fully anfweicd her tide) was the occafion oi mucn Joy. A fad misfortune, however, damped this plea- lure i chc lof:i of Mr. Cunningham, (as mentioned in a lornicr chapter) with a few others, who having l-cen difpatchetl to aflid the Supply's boat in cale of dall^;^T, were fwcpt away wedward by the fide, and overfe: by a heavy furf. They were all iod, except one man, who was aconvid, and had nar- rowly efcaped. For the reader's better information it will be no« cedary to fubjoin the commandant's aufwcrs to the governor's feveral quedions, which he received and K'turned by the Supply : the following , ^ a corred copy of both. .m i[\-\ Quedions hyGovT.RSOK FiiirLTP, addrejfid tt P. G. King, Ej'q; Stiptriiitendant and CtminandM^ if the fett/etiicnt eflioKroLKlsiAVD. . ' . ,, I , " IN what time do you tWnt t|ie ifland will " be ahic to fupport the people you hav^ with you, " independent of Aipplies from tbLsfcttUniCAti 2. " Do you widi to have more people fent you, " and what number of men and women do you nidi " to have, in addition to thofe you have alieady? 3. " In what time do you think the ifland will be " able to maintain the additional number of people " you wifh to have fent you ? 4. " What ground have ycu in cultivation? 5. " Have you difcovered the tiax plant ? 6. " How many acres of clear ground have you " found in the idand ? 7. " Have you any place round the idand at which " a veflel of thirty or forty tons can remain at ar- " chor in fecurity all the year round ? 8. " How far will it be poflible to load any diip " hereafter with fpars for fliips of the line: I mean " in rcfpcct to the great difficulty 1 am told there is " to land any thing on the idand, or to take any " thing od? 9. " How docs your dock thrive, and what does " the idand produce? 10. " What live dock do you widi to have fent " you ? 11." Are thofe who arc with you fatisficd, or do " they widi to be relieved? 13. " What weather have you in general ? 13. " What arc the prevailing winds ? 14. " Have )ou been at chcfmall illands? 15. Arc there any animals on the idand, and what " kind are they? 16. " Have you found any lime or chalk there 2 17. " Have you been fupplied with fidi?" Anfwers to Ite above Quedions, by Liei r. Kinu, addrefed to Artiilr Piiii.i.ip, hfy; Caft. General and Governor in chief In and ever the terrltcry called Ni;w SoL'Tii Walks. 1. " From the excellence of the foil, and the " prefent appearances, the idand w ill produce more ".Sana fudiciency of grain in two years: animal " ioo<\ depends on the fupply and breed of dock ; " and cloathing on the Hax-plant being brought to " work. 2. " With twenty more men, and women in p'ro- " portion excludve, I diould be able to make a licde " progrefs in clearing and cultivating the ground. j. " i think in two years, but in three at mod, " as anfwered by the drd quedion. 4. " Two acres and an half in barley, and one " .11. re in garden-ground: in September Ifhall have " an acre in Indian corn and rice. 5. " Yes: fome bundles of the flax-plant, which " 1 put into water on the 17th of March, were taken " up the 27th of July j when we found that the thick " vegetable of the fibres had rotted away, but ftill " they were covered w ith an hard woody fubftancc, " from which we have ined'edually tried to feparatr •' the flaxy part, which 1 have no doubt would make " good cordage, canvas, and linen, as it appears to " be of a tine and drong texture. Some lines were " ipade of it, which were tolerably drong and good ; " but the want of a method to (epnrace the woody " part from the flax, will be a great hiudrance to its " luing made ufcful. 6. " Not a yard fquare. 7. " Nonci without removing to the lee dde of " the idand, ;:s the wind changes. Anchorage is " good all round the idand, as the bottom is a cdral " i'aiid : at about two miles from the land, the circular " depth it 22 fathoms. An harbour might be made, " by cutting a channel through the reef about 400 " ti-ct long; but it would be neceli'ary to blow up " fome funken rocks, to facilitate the entry: if it " diuuld ever be thought proper to do this, five " vcdcis of fcvca feet draught might lie all the year "round in fecurity within the ixcf; they will not " be able to enter but in the tineft weather, with the *' wind from N. E. to N. W\ and then they mud " warp in ; perhaps lefs ditficulty w ill be found w hen " 1 am informed of the Aa(c of the weather during " the fummcr months. ' .► .4, 8. " I .'sit i'iitk^i I ■ll'i ;?!« 1-j' II »*PII!HUJ» »min iwi..i fine weather ; fince when it has been " v.iriabie ; and when the wind has been at S. and " S. W. the air wa« raw and cold. The full and " cliangc of tiic inoon has generally been accompa- •' nicd with very heavy gales of wind and torrents " ot rain, from the N. L. or S. W, both of which " have been very violent attinns. We have had " no thunder or lightning, nor ice. 13. " 'i'he winds have been variable; wcftcrly " winds appear to be moft frequent during the " winter, and I have great reafon to fuppofe eafterly '• winds arc conllaiit during the fummer. H. " I have been round Nepcan Illand once, but "could not land on it, the wind being wellerly, " which m.ideagreat break in the fmall fandy bay " which lies on the S. W. lidc of that ifle. My not " having men to row, and the uncertainty of the ■ " weather, has prevented my going to Phillip Ifle. 15. "None but rats, which arc dcltruLlive, and " have been very numerous ; but now they arc much " thinned. J 6. " None. 17. " I'iOi in great rmmbcrs, and of a large fizc, "abound all round thfe ifland. Some tort le were "caught foon alter I landed; but the approach of " cold weather drove them oH. I have not been " able to fend the boat off fo often as I wifhcd, not " having incn to row j but when ftStf Has gone out, " a plentiful fupply of fifh has been obtained." The time was now chleRy enfifjloyed in ercding huts ; as an encouragement tb the convidts, they hail pcrmillion to build houfes fur therttfeli-cs, from the time of landing until tlic 30thof 0(Sober ; thofe of the belt charadlers wcr<" allowed to build theirs in the vale, and to clear away the adidining ^ound for their own ufe. A letter from t He jjpverrtor to the commandant was p>!blic lirft male child that was born on this ifland (Jan. 8th, 1789,) was chriftcncd Norfolk. On the i8th of Januar/ the cockfwain of the cable, who had been ioll in the woods for four days, as he was returning from Ball Bay, was found by a party who were out on ptirpole, naked and lacerated ; he was fo exhauflcd, that they were obliged to v arry him home : he kept his bed for li;veral days. Irregularities among the convidls (fill continuing, the articles of war were read to them ; the next day Robert Webb, a framan belonging to the Sirius, and I'lizabcth Aniierfon, a convict, difcovcisd a confpiracy among the convids, who+,ad entered into a fcheme to take poirdlion of the public ftorcs, Iccure either the Supply, Royal Grove, or any other velkl that came in their way, and make their efcape out of the ifland. It appeared, upon a ftrict examination, that all the convicts (except two rope-makers and a carpenter) were concerned in this diabolical fchcme, which had been planned on their palLige from Port Jackfon to Norfolk Illand ; but, in order to evade fufpicion, they teftified every apparent fatisfadion with their connmandant's au- thority, who in confequcnce thereof was too in- dulgent to them. There was only one of them, Thomas Watts, who behaved (before thisdifcovcry) unruly and abulive : he received 24 lallics, for rc- fufing to work. The ringleaders, Samuel Picket and William Francis, were put in itons ; and tht; fuccecding Sunday, after prayers, the commandant thus addrelTed theconvids: •' If you will vouchfafc to confider ftrioufly for a " few moments, you muff certainly become •'uly " fenflblc of the abfurdity of your plan, cvr n- " pofing that you did make yourfelves mal « " veflel : you mull have encountered the wor( •* gers, which in all probability would have been fataF «' to the whole banditti; then, when too late, you " Wbiild have repented of having left behind thofe " advaMtagcs you might have enjoyed in this iflaml, " if honeft and induitrious. Let me then, I (onjure " you, for your own fakes, to rcn"..call impious •' ideas; the execution of which muft be your ruin: " let your future condudl wipe away the prcfcnt im- " propriety of your behaviour, i (lull always be <• happy to encourage and coantcnancc thofe who " are tionell, regular, and pains-taking ; but all of "the contrary defcription (hall be made dreadful " and fcverc examples. Such who (leal and plunder " the gardens and grounds, (hall ever meet urith '^ juft puniftiment." After this Addrcfs, the ^following Orders were publifhcd: I. " The cotnmandant (tridly forbids any ofiiccr, " foldicr; firi.e perfon, of conVid, male or female, " ever abrenting themfefvcs from thcfcaiTipor town, " for ten niinutes together^ withcitft having firff ob- <* tained leave from thir officicr ' charged with the " guard, who will obtain 'the cohimandanr's leave, " on a flate which will be kept in the guard-houfe " for that purpofe. " '"' ' s, " Every perfort 4^tut^5rtjj from thit leave is to " acquaint the officer of thegu^.id of tjicir return. 3. " Every c^nvift who is obfervtfrt to go oyer " the hilt to the farm, without having obtained l^ve| " or g[oing to work tbcrci will be. fired at bjr tk« " centind. ■4. " The convids, and not, more than thf«« to- " ge •^ i ■■w;i*'i-y*>' -•■1. -^jSiit.-^ *i - '** mi^ I i .t;t ■*'"^^':*'^ : >■ ,» •>..», •i"i m I s H' 'III ^ t- ts t s n te V JttxtntfniHfA wammmrmmwimjJAamMi.mm'iiiimiDnL '/'/'/ ///r»r.f..C"r. .;' // ( /ii,r,yi t,\ i'ffifiitn%r ^llinnff.l./tr ifi/f/ti.tfi .//„ . /.A. iiNTs^ BOT/ 6. " John Thorn •• difpoffeffed of th " quence of th'"r il .\fter this, the o: (•.red to all the free knee of the convict About the Utter, ricane was the occal had a very narrow ( tlie fail of many of feet in lenj^th, and iliftance. Tiie fton Englilli fow, and a 1 the cummandant, belonging to the cro tree upon thehog ftj An additional nui Supply, which now number of inhabits hued irregular, and account corporal every detedii.n. Lieut. John Crcfl here in June; fhr g tenant to be under and in cafe of the abfencc, the govern volve on him. A fei!>ale convict, defraud, reccivetl do day, for a Gnrilar ofli exemplary punithmc wicked courfe, foin curdingly rewarded Some of the conv tion was expired, ."'( one in particulai, I fnbcr inJiillrious ii tion, which the con fcdiy fatisfied to ro choice (. f the groun young and fome p( uiaiidant. A houf? for I>'j for the picfcrvaiioa < conunanilant read tii krvice cC " vil! be piiiiilhcd b; II. •' No pcribns «' their ijiiartrrs, citli ** have obtained Icav .»* t^l ..^^/ice HAVlNCi thus r'!idcr with tl liiii'.i, in oulnr tli.n lit ihr pnij^rcfsof tli iuc tlic bulinefs wliic No. 4. *«,1|W»A -i I BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 41 6. " John Thompfun, and Samuel Rickett, are " ilifpoflefled of their garden-ground, in confe- " quence of thr'c ill-behaviour." .After this, the oaths of allegiance were admini- f^.rcd to all the free people indifcriminately, in pre- itnce of the convitls. About the latter end of February a violent hur- ricane was the occafion of much damage. Several had a very narrow efcape of their lives, owing to the fall of many of the trees, which meafured 180 feet in lenj^th, and were carried to a coafKlerablc iliftance. The ftores were very much hurt : a fine EngliUi fow, and a litter of feven pigs, belonging to the cummandant, and three fows and two buars belonging to the crown, periQied by the tailing of a tiec upon the hog- (lye. An additional number of convifls arrived in the Supply, which now encreafed the bcfora-mentioned number of inhabitamts by thirty : they (Ull conti> hued irregular, and inclined to plunder; on which account corporal punilhment was iuflicftcd upon every detedii.n. Lieut. John Crcfl'well, and 14 privates, arrived here in June : the governor had ordered the lieu« tenant to be under the command of Lieut. King ; >od in cafe of the prefent conmumici 's death, or abfencc, the government of the illand was to de- volve on him. A fcniale convict, who received fil'ty laflies for a defraud, received double the number the fuccecding day, for a (iaiilar offence. Notwithdanding all thefe exemplary punilhmcnts, they iiill continued their wicked couife, fonie few excepted, who were ac- cordingly rewarded for their good behaviour. Some of the convicls, whole time of tranfporta tion was expired, ."ere fatisfied to remain fcttlers : one in particulai, Richard I'hillimure, who was a (hbcr inJullriDus man, after a month's ctmlidera- tion, which the commandant gave him, was per- fcdly fatisfied to remain in (he ifluad ; he had his choice if the grpund to refidr on, and a fow with young and fume poultry given iiim by the com- uiaiidant. A houf? for Lif'jt. CrclTwell v.ss creeled ; and, for the picfcrvauoa of harmony and regularity, the comiiunil.int read tiie following orders, alter divine krvice on Sunday the 16th of Augull : I. " All pcrlons on the ifland are regularly to " attend aiuUci and divine frrvicc, unlefs prcvrnted " by fickiicfs : a difohcdiencc of this onler will be " puiiiflicd, by extra-work, or by flopping a day's •' piiivilions fur ihcliiftofrencet which, if repeated. " will be punilhcd by corporal :hi(lil'ement. II, •' No pcrlbns are to aLl'cnt rhemfelvet from ♦' their ijiiartcrs, cither by night or day, except they *' have (jl)taiiu'd leave, or arc g'>ing to their rcfpcc- " tive work ; and if any one is obferved lurking " about after the watch is fet, hs will be fired ac " by the ctntinel. III. " The working hours are to be regularly " attended to, and all perfons abfent from their " work, after the drum beats fur that purpofe, will " lofc a portion of the time they may favc from " their tafks; and, in cafe of a fecond offence, they " will be feverely punifhed. IV. " The tafks wl!! he continued asufual, and " the time faved by the gangs is at their own dif- " pofal : thofc who ditlinguifh thcmfelvcs by em- " playing their time in cultivating their gardens, " and clearing ground for their own ulc, will meet " with encouragement and rewaril. V. " If the overfeers, or the greateft part of any " 8*"g> fhould have reafon to complain of the idlc- " nefs of any one man belonging to that gang, and " the complaint fhould be found jufl, the offender " will be feverely punifhed. VI. " Thofe who render themfelves unable to ** work by their neglecl or obllinacy, in not build- " ing themfelves warm huts, or who cut themfelves " through carelellhefs, will have a part of their pro- " vifions flopped until they are able to go to work " again. VII. " All the tools and utenfiis are to be returned " regularly every iHght totheflore-hpufe when the " retreat beats 1 and any perfon who is found fe- " crcting any tool, or any article of the King's ftores, " or committing any robbery whatever, will, on de- " teclion and conviction, receive t'uch punilhment " on the ifland as his M^jefly'ikjuflicrsuf the peace " may judge the offence deliTvcs ; or the offender " will be fcnt to Port Jackfon, to be tried by tlio " criminal court, as the cuuimandant may judge " pioper. VIII, " It is recommended to every one to be " very caieful of their cUiathlng; and every free " perioD, or convit'l, is flriclly forbid buying or fel- " ling any article of flop cluathing : thole who dif- " obey this order will be profecutcd, for buying or " felling the Kiug't. llorcs, whether free people or " convids. IX. " Whenever it may be necefTary to make any " complaint, the perfon making the complaint is '* to inform the corporal of the guard, who will " immediately report it , when the commandant III liis ablciice, Lieut. John Crefl'weli) will tu: complaint, and decide upon it. I 'iiobcdieni < of orders, inloleiicc ri (^lliceis " 01 I'Vcnccrs, m- any other im'jropci li^ aviour, *' tending to >1>i iiflurbance of the peace, or hin- " drance of the ivinj;'s fcrvicc, will meet with fevcre " punilhment I and i?gular, hoi> U good bcha- " viour, V ill meet wilhcncuurag.'menc and tcward.'* I * ' I r C H A r T E R V. ras^ 'V**, D'tV'p.tn fif the Scl.'lement taker f!ace—Sirius and "^ufply ftnt to Norfolk IJI/ind~Numhrr en bMrd cf eath— their feed W'li^r—tuWjf of gre/>t Jiy in the Ifland — Joy ihanrtd to iscrrovj — Lieut, licverncr Re/s np[ nlcdtofupply 'lhe(.'c!nm,ind(ii'i'f fhiee — }ii(ihn—''':'iden (banj^i cf Wind and Wtather — I'onftqtitncts — Th,' u drwt to Iht iiiik of ii Rcef—Rtrikti — In Ditnger — /tttempi le fuve iIp! Piovifien — A \\'r«k—Miv foclaimed — Ux'es of tlit Crew fa^td'-ExtrtitHi frr the prifii vation if the Storts—'Tbe Hhip firtd by hvi . / ) — Firt extin- fnij/'tc' h itnolhfr — Culprits ftontd- ■ Provi/unt fiivtd~VfJ/cl tntirely (juitlnd — Entered ojlenvards — Cofis and fa reels fiivtt — .infidott of the Sirius-^'-^ipply fails for Port Jaikfi)n-~Vmverfal Anxieti — ^ s-^Grttetal Dei \iverfal Anxiety — A Council held— Orden ilJued-^Apprebenfioni'— Three Ctiuviih piiniJM for rebellions Rtfolutiom-^Gftieial Deffondenc) — Debt~ litnte' fliiti' of the People — An Alarm— Con fejntnl Joy—A Difatoiiitmtnt— Arrival ofthejujiinian and Smprifi -"Infoi iiuition —Provifions landed— An Accident — Seven di on>ned—Sotth recovered — Additional niimhcr cf Cn-' Kith fnl— Di-piirtiire of the Vejfils—Guns of the Sinus faved"^At rival of the Supply — Lofs at Batavia—Dt' parlure of the (tjjiters and t^itte if the Sirius in :'•( Supply. It has been already hinted, that the deluv of the !ong.expcdcd arrivals frum Fngland cauicJ a gent- ral alarm at Port Jackfon, .ind pi-ovifions being fo v.ny fcanty, that Governor Philhp was confequently deiermincu tu divide tlie fettletiicnt ; for which * L • ., jiurpolc HAVINCt thin far deviated, to acquaint, tiie fidcr witl< tl-e firft traiil'adioiu at Norfolk iiui ,i,in oulrn' tliAk he in»y be (he beVicr informed ot (lie pHtgrcfs of tliat I'cttlcment ; I fhall now pur- lue (lie tiuiinef» which concluded the third Chapter. No. /^, m 'aum^^mmi.iiiKHii.iiija 42 VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES, purpofe the Sirius and Supply were prepared for fca, under the command of Captain Hunter, the lieutenant-governor : a company of marines, and the officers, with 1 86 convicls, baggage, &c. were on board the Sirius ; alfo a company of marines, with 20 convifts, were on board the Supply, with Lieut. Ball, comniamler thereof.under Capt. Hunter. They were allowed as much provifions, &c. as could be fpared. On the 6th of M.ircli, 1790, they left Port Jack- fon, and as the wind was from the weftward, they made Lord Howe's Ifland in three days. On the 1 3th of March they nude Norfolk lOand. The ap- ptarance of the Sirius and Supply created great joy among Lieut. King's party, who naturally fuppnfcd that the txpefted relief had arrivcil from England. As a great fca was running in the bay, and the wind blowing ftron~ from S. W. their landin" in Sydney Bay was ai pefent impraflicable : ac iJ- '" 'y they bore up for Bail Bay, where Lieut. King mct'them. His hopes concerning the expelled ar- rivals from England were foon cruflsed, as he had the mortification to hear that no relief had as yet been obtained. Governor I'hillip had fent letters to Lieut. King, by Lieut. B.ill, of the Supply, to acquaint him, that Lieut. Governor Rofs was ap- pointed to take the command at Norfolk IHand, as Lieut. Ball's return to Lngland was deemed abfo- luteiv ncccffary, to give fome neceffary 'nformations to his Majcfty's minifters : he however continued his cDDimand of the ifland (by the lirutrnant-go- vcrnor's clefire) till his departure. The vcHcIs went round to Cafcade Bay, and the people were larded on the 15th. As the vcfliils were working up to the ifland, the wind fuddcnly veered t' the caflward, and the weather became remarks v foul : the Sirins and Supply having parted, t'l latter flood in for the ifland on t!ie 19th. Th ' ritis now hove-to, and made f.iil ; but on ac^ .m of the ftrcngth of the current, could not fannount the difRculties attend- in" a reef of funken rocks near Point Rofs : by an unfortunate change of the wind to the S. F. fljc was «lroM" to the bjtk of this reef. Upon this all the boats were employed •, but only two boats of pro- vilions could at prclent be got out : additional afttr-lail wcic applied without effed; Ihe ftruck upon the reef, and, according to the carpenter's re- port, remained in imminent danger: the malts were now cut away, and every poHible means taken to preferve as much of the provifions as could be come at, which were left upon the gun-deck for the purpofe of*throwing them overboard, in hopes they might be floated on (hore. As the wind wit blow- ing ftill ftronger, and the gaic cncreafing, it was recommended by Lieut. Ball for every perfon to i|uit the (hip, in anfwer to a note which he received irom Capt. Hunter by the furgeon's mate, who w;ii hauled upon fliore through a very tremendous furt, by means of a grating Hung to a wood n heart fixed on a bawfer from the Ihip, which was taflcncd to a tree on the fliore : three or four Tailors were faflened to this, and by the afljflance of the people on fhore were landed. The captain and Mr. Watcr- houfe were got on fhore together : the former was ib lauLh exhaufled, that he was near quitting hi* hold, when he got footing on the reef : it being \ .ly daik, the itrll and fccond lieutenant, wir . fe- vcral of the (ailors, were obliged to rcmaiit on board •II night. As foon as the vcfTel flruck, the marines and con- vids were aflembled by drums, and the martial law proclaimed, fetting forth that whoever committed any depredations, Killed any animal or fowl, fhnuld be lievcrely and imtncdiately punilhcd. There were feveral neceflary regulations oixlered by Lieutenant Governor Kofs, by which means the florehoufes and birn were well defended. The next day the lives of every perfon were faved> feveral however were much bruifed in efcaping; the railors, who were landed the laft, faid the fore- part of the Ihip was under water, as Ihe gave way in the lower deck from the fide; but that the chief part of the provifions were on deck, and might be favcd : fome hopes wei c therefore entertained of being able to favc thefe, and feveral other things. The weather becoming more moderate, and thefurf confe(|uently running Icfs heavy, fome of thefailora who fwam well were determined to ufc all their exertions for the prefervation of the ftorcs : alfo two convifts oflered their afliftance to fave the live flock. Some poultry, and a number of pigs, by their means, were put on fliore ; but as thefe men remained no board, fpitc of fignals for their return, a conviA carpenter went fpontaneoufly to oblige thrm to quit the wreck : thefe men had fet fire to the fltip, which deftroyed the gun-deck, but which was put out bf the carpenter. One of them was quite intoxicated, when he was hauled on Ihorc : they were both or- dered into confinement, in order to be tried for the conHagration. The chief part of the provifions %,ctc now laved, and as it became 100 dangerous for any perfon to remaiii longer on board, the veflel was entirelf quitted ; however, by hrr being fo much lighteaed, and her fma'l tower cape cut by the rocks, flic was continually fliifting about, and coming nearer the fliore, was frequently entered, wii.h lefs danger. At this tiiKC the parcels and caflcs were faved, and every thing that could be got prelervrd. She was then very much dafhed to pieces ; nciwithftanding her remains were to be (cen for feveral months after. Tic following anecdote of the Siiius is related by Lieut. King. *' Slie was built in the River, for an Faft Country •« fljTp; and, in loading her, Ihe took fire, and was " burnt down to her wales. The Government " wanting a roomy vtiTel, to carry flores abroad in " 1781, purcha'"'d her bottom, which was rebuilt " with fuch fluff as dtjring thi.- war could be found. " She wcTit (WO voy.igfs as the Barwfck florcfhip; «' and, without any repairs, fl>c was rep^)rtcd, when '" the prclent expedition was thought of, as fit lor '• the voyage to New Holland, when fhc was named « the Slriui." On ihc j^th. the weather being calm ami picaOat, Lieutenants K ng, Waterhoufc, and Powcl, uithto of the crew which belonged to the Sirius, went oc board Ihe Supply, ar ' failed for Port Jackfan i Lient. Kofs being now in poflVflionof thecorijmand of the iliaud. According to the procbmatifjn of the law martial, all dpital offcncTs were puni&iable by death : thi«| no doubt, was the happy means of preventing much plunder. The number of people now left upon this ifl iMil began to be ferioufly alarmed for their futuit: fulHiOcnce • every day they were upon the Uwk out, in .ii.\.i(,u» expey the Gwerntr, &i refleJ by her Hiijban hng J'ttfpelled fir /. Gmne-keeftr vimndt any — Sent cut again- "^Ordert to apprfhe fiiniJkJ- -One of tl. Char/^e—Con/ti/ed— l'\ the difihargeofl). Dutch Veffil ready j Gwnnor birei it—i i liOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 43 " peiTon ; beef one pound and an half per ditto, or " in lieu of beef 1 7 ounces nf porki rice, one pound " per ditto. Children above twelve months old " halfthc above ratio: children under twelve months <■• old one pound and an half of flour, and a pound " of rice, per week. " In future, all crimes which may by any three " members of the council be cimficlcrcd as not of a " capital nature, v^ill be punidicd at their difcretinn, " by a farther rcdudliun of the prefent allowance of " provifions." It was in vain to look for relief from any other quarter then Port Jackfon, this part of the ocean bein^ unfrcijucntcd : diy afier ilay now pafling without any profped of a fail, it was iipprehended that even tlio prefent fcanty allowance of provilions mull in time be reduced. At this time the people chiefly fublilled upon a kind of aijuatic bird, which was now remarkably numerous, and was juflly no- minated the Bird of Providence; though of a fifliy nature, it was very much reliflicd, clpecially the eggs : upwards of three thoufand of thele birds were taken every night. Notvvithftanding their diftrcfling iituation, they did not forget on the fourth of June to celebrate Jiis NLijcfty's bitth-day, which they did with as much litisfai^i^n as their deplorable condition wuuUl admit of. A convift, who had been Cent on ihe 6th of July to catch fome birds, was ih ippcd of his deaths by three others, who had combined toj^ethcr to remain in the woods, and commii depredations. As foon as a report of this was made, two parties of raarinrs were difpatched by the lieutenant-Rovernor, and two parties of fcanien by C^apt. Hunter, to appre- hend them : they were immediately fecurcd by the latter } and, as the court-martial was determined to make fexamples of thefc convids, they received etch three hundred laflies. i owards the latter end of ju'.y a general defpon- denry took place -, the birds now became fcarce, and a very fnull portion of viduals remained: on account of the inlufliciency of food, the people were alfo in a very del)ilitated iUte. On the ^th of Auguft, the appearance of a fail caufcd a general alarm : it was now univerfal joy and hope } but this hope and joy were loon blatled, as the veflcl, which had an I'.nglilh enlign flying, was, notwithflanding all their lignals uf diltrels, making fail from the ifland. Abfolute defpair was the rclult of this difappointoieat. However, three days after, thedifcovciy of two veficls, which proved to be the Juftinian and the Surprifc froui Port Jackfon, removed all their ap- prchenlJons. Information was received from the mafters of thefc veflels, that his Majefty's (hip the Guardian was loll in her paflajic to Port Jackfon with provilions, and that confequently the Gorgon was in preparation to bring farther fupplies. Four fliips, the Lady Juliana, Neptune, Surprife, and Scarborough, had arrived with 980 convicts, and provifions for the fettltrnent in New South Wales, about the beginning of June. Though every care wa3 taken to prevent any accident in landing the provifions, yet, on the 17th of Augufl, one of the boats, on making for (hore, was throftn into a. reef, by the fudden violence of feveral heavy furfs; and, notwithflanding there were feveral people on Ihore, yet feven perfons were drowned : three befidcs, that were brou(»ht to land apparently dead, were recovered by the iurgeon's exertions ; two of whom were women. The perlbns loft con- fifted of two of the boat's crew, three women con- vi^s, a child, and a convicl man, who periflicd in endeavouring to ihve the women. An additional number of convicts, about ?oo, were fent to Norfolk HIand, in thefe vefl'els ; and, as tlie weather was exceedingly favourable, they were cleired in 29 days. On the :;oth of AuguH they proceeded on their voyage to China. About fhe beginning of the year 1791 an attempt VIM, mailPto lave the guns and carriage, which were flill lying in the remains of the Sirius : dangerous as this attempt may feem, yet as the fnrfs had made confiderable alterations on the wreck, it was found, though difliculf, not impradicable. Except two carrouides, which had been c nricd away by the fall of the mafls, every thing was got on (horc by a traveller upon a nine-inch hawfer. Toward* the laiier end of this month the Supply armed tender arriveo } Ihe had been, on her return from Norfolk Ifland, difpatched to Batavia, for the purpofe of hiring a vcflel f(ir the relief of the fettle- mcnt} the particulars of which we fliall have occa- fion to mention in our next Chapter. While at Batavia, the crew were fo ill, that feveral were Init by fevers, among whom were Lieut. I'owcl, and Mr. Rofs, late of the .sirius, much lamented. It being governor Phillip's pieafure, thnt the oflicers and "jrew of the Siims lIiouUl return \n the Supply to Poit Jac' ounde^ accufe,l — l)e>iies the Charge — Confuted— He becomes infclent — Departs in Anger— Steals a Hatchet- The Body f a Native, wounded /'v the difihargeof the Muhfuets, brought to the llofpital — hound to be the Tranfgi effot' s — G.niie keepei's Death — Dutch J/effel ready for Sea—Mafler cff'trs to fell or Ittt her— His esortiitcint Demands — I'rcrmes more modeiatt — • Governor hires iS—Da-m-hng appears at the Hofpital— Endeavours tt vindicate himfelj— Steels the Guenior — ■ ifm 'I m 'i .n " ^ m """ ■""'I " M 44 VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH W A L li S, /f fotgiven, but kept much caufc for appre- Iienfion and terror as the unfortunate fcttlers in Norfolk lil.r.id, were notwitliftanding very much dcprellt'd at the Kmij; delay of the veffcis cxpcdcd frmn Kiitjland : however all their fears were dil- pclled, and their latelbrrowsforgot, upon their arri- val, thouc;h the lofs of the Guardian was very much lamented by his excellency. An excurlion into the country was made by feveral ollicers in Augurt ivyo: they explored the greater pare of Profptct hill, and the head of Nepean river. Several convicls were loft in the wood^; one of whoM w.is never found. On 7th of September, a fpot of rifing grtmnd being cliofen from the fouth head, for the purpofc of erecting a brick column, to (hew the mailers of Uiips (who were unacquainted with the coaft) the b^a pliccfor entrance, as thcflig-ftaff, which was the prtlent direction, was not only liable to be blown down, but could not be difcerned at the finallell dillanco. This plan wab accordingly adopted, and I lie Moik immediately begun. 'liie two native children, who had been prefcrvcd fiom the Ima'.l-pox by Surgeon White, were now vei y tudible, ;iiirl content with their fituation : the hoy lived with Mr. White, and the girl with tiic cluplaiii's wife. Ba-na-lang, the attendant to t'.o-al-by, (who had made liis efcape) became fo free and apparently happy, that he was permitted 1(1 wall: wherever he pleafed ; but he ioon availed iiiiiilelt ot ail opportunity, and one evening, having taken ofi' histUiilies, lefttiiem behind and departed. I Ic was drilled on week days in a coarlc red kerfcy j icket, and a pair ot tiowlcrs; but en Sundays in nankeen : the former habit was intended by the governor to eonviiite him of the comfort and ufe III clothci in cold weather : previous to his elope- ment, he ulcd frequently to walk with the gover- nor, and occafionally wear his fword, which the governor would give him in order to effablifh a mole perm.nunt ac(|uaintance. He could not bear ipiiits, and was exceedingly angry if any one gave him (Mr fo iitile in water: he was fond of wine, .-)[',. i llinitly kanicd tlie ncceflary accomplilhments nt diinkiiig healths, bowing, &c. After his de- paiiure, he li.ul been frequently met with Co-al by: tlioii;;h tiny were lometimcs afraid of being re- taken, yet tliey were always glad to lee their late fiicnil!i. na-na-laiig once Cent a large piece of a wliale, which they had caught, and on which num- l)crs were alUiiibled to leall, to the governor; who being iinvv' very delirous to renew tiie intimacy bc- tsvceii them, went down the harbour to give them a general iiivitaiiiiii,aiid allure them that they might ictiiin to their own triends whenever they liked: f(ii tliii lealon he was only followed by one feauian, will) was loaded with Come meat. When lie faw l)a-nalang, lie (carecly knew him, - being much .iltereil bv leveial wounds which he had received, and whien he was veiy proud of fliowing. Co-al- by alii) exiiihited liis leg in a triumphant manner, lo lit him fee that the iioii which had been rivelird cin It lor liii (i.'curity was taken olT: he alfo cxprefled by li;;iis niutli (atisfaction at Ha-na- lang's eicape, and laughed lieaitily at the trick whicli he had play til upon liiin. J lie governor, however, trufl- ing too much lo tiicir gcnerolity, incautiuully ap< preached, in this unprotefled manner, another na- tive, who had been a ftranger, and confequently alarmed at his excellency's appearance, notwith- Uanding all his endeavours to remove his appre- henfions; this man, therefore, fei/.ing a fpcar, which had been previoufly laid upon the ground by Ba- na-lang, fixed it on a throwing flick, r.nd inflan- taneoully difchargcd it at the governor: it entered the right (houlder, juft above the collar-bone, and came out behind the (houlder blade: it was with the utmofc paii. ■'ni\ diiliculty he reached the boat, as the fpear, which could not at this time be ex- tracted, was remarkably long. After foine flrugglc, Mr. Waterhouie broke it, notwithflandmg the dan- ger of flopping, there being now feveral (pears fly- ing about. Tl'he governor fired a pocket piflol, and the cockfwain (who at this time approached) a raufquct, which fortunately terminTted this fud- dcn hoftility : the point of the fpear was extraclcil by Mr. Bulmain, who afforded very great fatisfatlion to every anxious enquirer, by alluring them that no fatal conlequcnccs need be dreaded. J hough Governor Phillip iffued forth orders to apprehend (if ppflible) the native who wounded him, it was not with a vindictive defign, but on the contrary to keep him, and convince him that there was no harm intended him. It was flridly com- manded by the governor, that no one (hould fire on the natives, except in his own defence, and uii- Icls they were the firll aggrcllors in throwing their (pears. When Ba-na-lang had met with a party of the Englifh, alter this circumllance, he (eemed very muth concerned, and enquired if the governor was deail. When informed of thecontrary, he promilrd to come and fee him j which he did, and likewifa promifed to revenge the injury. Ba-na-lang and C:o-aUby, upon an afTurance that they (hould never be detained, had accepted the governor's invitation, and became conftant gurds. A general intercouric fucceedcd t'leli: confidrniial vifitsi and the two n.atives were at lall fo familiar with the F.nglifh, that they introduced their wives and families to them: this mutual haimony fiirnilhcd (refh inftances of the nativci' dHpolitioO'* and man- ners. It was found th.it the nun uled the women exceedingly cruel: the hulhands (lequeiitly beat their wives, and lometimes killed them, w !iilr their relations would (ecm <|uitc iiulKlerent about the bufmels, nor ever inlcrpole in behalf of the (urieiing females. It feems the begimung of couitlhips is always a good beating, w hich the git Is vei y patiently endure: the women, however, are very obllinate, and though aware of the confequciitts, prone to offend. It was with the greaiclt diiiiculiy the go- vernor and his friends could prevent Ba-na-l.ing fioin challiling his wife, who had in a (it of padion broke a valuable fiz-gig ; he calmly ileclared that lie fhould be under the ncccllity of killing her, and meditated revenge for a long time; he was how- ever prevailed upon to forgive her, which chiilliaii viituc thefe people are totally ignorant of. Indeed there were (eveial natives under Mr. White's tajc in the hofpital ; men, who had (uffeied in fighting with each other, and women through the cluftik- nient of their htiibands. Ba-na-lang and his family became at length fo gracious willi (he linijlifli, that they conlcntcd (o 4 live BOT> live in a hut, whii eatlern point of th< vifited by other n; intercourfr took pi quently vifit the ft breakfaft at the go and meat were alwa Such was the vim that he was determi to beat a woman v nor entreaties could purpofe: hewas th< judge-advocate, a (c to proteft the girl him, ard gave hio remarkably outrage take away even the precaution, hefoui iWord, and ftrike tl lying either aflecp and, before the ferjc repeated the blow: under the protcflioi &c. None of her i lead concerned at were very fulicitous which were taken i turned to him. The governor em of murder upon tfa vain : he even threa any one's life, he fl but this menace had the courfe of time, the girl, which recc perate Ba-na-lang's wasflill in danger of foon correAed his ear, and fent her r< tained by the govei of animofity had ful Notwithuanding i unfeeling manner, tl for each other. In men will be reveng temper ii once fat' are immediately foi Theconvifts Hill honed as ever, five of thefe wretc Kofc hill to come d it for a four-oared Their intention, as coaft to the northw their friendly iflanc attending danger, they periflied in the aSthof OAobcr tv rubbing a hut, owner, who made Hitherto the wea rain was very muc the beginning of N few fliowers, whici the latter end of tl December I but th mod remarkably h Noiwithftanding the governor enter! e governor endeavoured to imprefs the horror of murder upon the mind of Ba-na-lang, but in vain : he even threatened him, that if he took away any one's life, he (hould be put to death fnr it ; but this menace had feemingly very little effeft. In the cnurfe of time, however, he was reconciled to the girl, which reconciliation did not a little exaf- perate Ba-na-lang's wife, by whom the poor girl was flill in danger of lofing her Viii : but the hufband foon corrected his lady with a violent box on her car, and fent her roaring away. The girl was de- tained by the governor's command, till all marks of animofity had fubfided. Notwithflanding the men beat the women in this unfeeling manner, they prolefs a very great afieclion for each other. In every cafe of difobedicnce, the men will be revenged ; but when that vindi^ive temper is once fatiatrd, the injuries on both fides are immediately forgotten. The conviAs flill continued as rebellious and dif- honeft as ever. On the 26th of September, J 790, five of thefe wretches, who had taken a punt from Kofe hill to come down on the look-out, exchanged it for a four-oared boat, and made off undifcovcred. Their intention, as fuppofcd, was to go along the coaft to the northward, in order to reach fome of their friendly iilands ; but not being aware of the attending danger, there is very little doubt but that they perifhed in the prefumptuous attempt. On the iBtnof O^ober two conviAs were executed, for robbing a but, and dangeroufly wounding the owner, who made rcfiftance. Hitherto the weather was fo remarkably dry, thit rain was very much wanting: the new moon in the beginning of November was attended with fome few fhowers, which became very frequent towards the latter end of the month, and the beginning of December \ but the latter end of this month was mofl remarkably hot. Notwithfiandmg the favourable opinion which the governor entertained of the natives, he began laviour was very myflerious. As leveral of the natives ftill perfifted in throwing fpears and wounding the Englim, ef)}ecially fuch as were undefEeadcd, tae coTernor found it expedient, No. A- though contrary to his inclination, to make a few fevere examples, in order to terminate this evil. At this time Lieut. Ball's game-keeper was dangeroufly wounded by a native; therefore, on the 14th of December, a party, confifling of two captains, two lieutenants, {out non-commifTioned officers, and forty privates, were fent out in purfuit of the of- fender, attended with the furgeon and a furgeon's mate, belonging to the Sirius ; with alfo three per- fons who were with the game-keeper at the time of bis being wounded, and the only men that could afcertain the culprit. It was deemed the bed way to fend out a large party, to prevent any rcfiftance of the natives, or attempt to refcue whatever perfons it might be judged proper to fecure. The oflicer of this party had direclions to fcize fix of them, and in cafe they did not furrender themfelves, to put them to death on thefpot : likewife every fpcar that was found they were commanded to break, and leave the remains of them for the natives to fee : none of the party were to hold up their hands, or fhow any other fign of fricndflup ; and they were upon no account to hurt the women or children. They had been out three days, but could apprehend none, for the natives as foon as ever they faw them at a diflance, fled, and eluded all fcarch. Tlicy went out again on the aid, and Raid two days, but were as unfuccefsful as before. On the 28th Come of the natives, who had been frequently entertained at Sydney Cove, were detected in Healing potatoes ; and one of them threw a fiz gig at the owner of them, on his attempting to drive them out cf his garden : this culprit had been long remarked for his intrepi- dity : he and his followers made it a cullom to de- mand bread at every hut, and threaten the owners thereof in cafe of refufal. To prevent therefore a continuance of fuch daring depreilations, a ferjeant and fix privates were fent in purfuit of the offenders, particularly him who threw the fiz-gig : this party was followed by the governor, and two or three offi- cers. Two men were laid hold of, but they efcaped, and one of them throwing a club, wiiich was mif- taken for a fpear, three mufqucts were difcharged. Two women who were there were brou,:;ht away, in order to lead to a dif'covery. Thefe women, upon examining the fiz-gig, confefTcd to whom it belonged, and declared the owner to be a fpirited^ infolent man. Ba-na-lang was now arcufed by two colonifls o£ having robbed them of fome fifh they had caught. He, his wife, and fifter, were returning from the Governor's, where they had dined ; they had fpears along with them, and the colonifls were unarmed. Orders were confequently ifTued, that no boat Ihould leave the Cove unarmed, nor that any of the natives fliould be admitted to that place whence the pota- toes had been Aolen. There were three convicts found, who had been feveral days lofl; and as they had gone into (lie woods without orders, they received a due number of laflies; notwithflanding which one of them com- mitted the fame fault again : whether he could not find his way back, was afraid to return, and fo pe- rifhed with hunger, or was murdered by the natives, cannot be afcertained, but he was never found. The number of thofe perfons loft this year is as follows : la ficknels, - - 14a In the woods - - 4 * ' ' ■ Executed, - - - 4 '''''' "■ '' Drowtied, . - . tf " .7 :i,;. ««« Bana-lahg, not fuppofing the governor had Iieard of his crime, called as ufual on the 3d of January, 1791. When accufed by his excellency, he denied the charge} but, upon being confuted, became in- folent and outrageoui. He then wilhed to oiake •M it !)) ('! U Jnl J* .• K *.• WW, m^mm^aii^A^: miiim 46 VOYAGES TO NEW SOUTH WALES. !] it Dp with the governor ; but finding he would not Ihake hands with him, he grew very favage, and vowed vengeance for the death of a native, who had been wounded by the party who had fir^ the mufquets when fent to apprehend the perfons who had Aolen the potatoes. He departed in great an- ger; and aggravated his crime by ilealing a hatchet, with which he made off. In the evening a party were fent to fee if the wounded native was really dead, ano whether or not to convey him to the hofnital. His body was brought : upon examination it was found to be that ofthetranfgrefTor, therefore his death was not much regretted. The game- keeper, who had been wounded, died on the 20th of this month. The Dutch veflel, which had been hired at Bata- via for the purpofe of biinging provifions to the colony, was ready for fea on the 5th of February. The mafter of this veflei now offered her for fale, or to lett her for freight ; but knowing how much ihe was wanted, be was moil exorbitant in his demands. There being no attention paid to thofe propofals, he became more moderate : at length the Jrovernor confented to give twenty i}iilliogs per ton or his veffel.. Ba-na-Iang, fome little time after he had flolcn the hatchet, contrary to every one's expe^ation, appeared again at the hofpital, where he enquired if the governor was angry, and if he migh: vilit his houle : he artfully inliuuated that another had taken the hatchet, and endeavoured to vindicate himfclf by falfehoods. After this he met the governor, who forgave him, but would not permit him to enter his houfe : indeed it was the governor's in- tention, in order to keep up a friendly intercourfe, to take very little notice of pad offences. On the a 8th of February, a fi(hing-boat, in work- ing up the harbour, having met with a fudden gale of wind, filled, but (being an Eoglilh cutter) the did net fink. There were four natives in the boat at the time, confiding of a youag woman, a girl, and two children. When the accident happened, the woman immediately put the children on her flioulders, and fwam to (hore with them: (he was followed by the girl, and as many of the crew as were capable of (wimming. Some of the natives, who were witneffes of this difafter, affcmbled, and very good-naturedly gave their afiiftancc : among there was Ba-na-laog, who, to do him jufiice, was particularly affiduous. By their means, not only every life was favcd, but likewife the oars and other articles. This ofiice of humanity reftored Ba-na- lang to the governor's good graces ; bis former miP conduft being entirely overlooked, he was enter- tained at his ooufe as ufual, and confequcntly the former acquaintance was renewed between thcEng- liQi and natives : indeed the number of vifitors lo much encreafiMl, and their mutual confidence be- came at lad fo great, that both natives and Englifh were frequently feea walking together. Co-aUby, and another young man, culcd Bal-la-derry, who was a conllant gued, attended the governor. Lieu- tenant! Tench, Dawes, one captain, two ferjeants, eight foldien, three conviAs, &c. on an excurfion into the country : by being accompanied with thefe two natives, they had frequent opportunities of con- verfing with others ; but when they had rambled for about five days, they were very defirous of re- turning ; accordingly the gentlemen, though in- clined to delay loiigei , thought it prudent to ac- quiefce with their wiQies. March 25th. Preparations were now making by Capt. Hunter for his return to England. The go. veroor had commanded the mader of the (hip to call at Norfolk I Hand, provided it would not be attended with much delay, and to take on board the difpatches of lieutenant-governor Kofs. The iccount of this voyage we IhaTl referve for our next Chapter, and proceed in giving the mod recent traniaflions at i'ott Jackfon. The weather becoming fomewhat fair in June, 1 791, Lieutenants Tench and Dawes, and two fol- diers. made a fecond excurfion ; and, after fome neceffary difcoveries, t<;turncd the fixth day. Grants of land were now given to thofe wha became fettlers, ondei proper titles. To James Rufe were allowed thirty acres, called the Experiment Farm. One hundred and forty ditto to VVilliam Scaffcr, who came from England as a fupeiinten- dant ; this was entitled the Vineyard. Sixty ditto to Robert Webb and William Reid, called Webb's and Reid's Farms, &:c. &c. A foldicr, who had been out with others to collcft fome fwcct tea, having left his party, went aftray in the woods. He was met by fcvcral natives, who avoided him, as he had his gun; two, however, who had been vifitors at the fettlrmcnt, recollecled the foldier, and joined him: to court their favour, and induce them to fl>ew him the way to Parf amatta, (a part between Rofe-hil. and the landing-place iu the creek, focaJitd by the natives, and which title, by command 0/ the governor, it retained) he offered them prcfents ; ihele they rcf»%'ed, and would have departed, had he i:o» likcv-lie offered his gun, which one of them took as fccurity, and then conducted him to Sydney, obfeiving by figns that Parramatt» was too far off. On reaching Sydney, the native voluntarily returned the foldier bis gun, nor would they accept any prcfent for their trouble. As the natives were particularly fond of bread and vegetables, a very neccffary traflic took pi.ice between them and the Englilh; by which means the governor was in hopes of ertabliihing an excel- lent fifli-market at Parramatta, for as the natives caught an abundance of fifli, (frequently more thaa they could make ufe of) and which the Englifh often flood in need of, they were very happy in exchanging the furplus for bread, &c. This traflic continued for many days, but by the imprudence of fome conviAs it was nearly put an end to. It feems thefe men, in difobcdiencc to the governor's orders, had deflroyed the canoe of a certain native, who was remarkably a^ive in catching fifli : he had fct a great value on this canoe, and having painted himfelf with red, (according to their cullum when angered) he came and complained to the governor, uttering the mod violent threats. The villains being apprehended, were puniflicd ia his prcfcnce; and as he fuppofed one of them was put to death, his revenge was fatiated. After .this fevcral fpears were thrown at fome of the convicts, when alone or un- armed : one man was wounded by Bal-la-derry, the owner of the canoe, as the natives confeffcd, for they arc always ready to ackaowledge any offender. On the 9th of July the Mary-Ann tranfport ar- rived with 141 women, and fix children} .Iluiiores, &c. Only three perfons were loft on the pafliige. On the 16th a centinel (who was a mariner) was detedled by the fcrjeant dealing wine in a cellar: previous to his trial, he offered himfclf as evidence for the crown, and charged two others with having been frequently guilty of the like practice ; but this man's evidence being infufficient, he thereby only faved his own life, and the others were acquitted. Being tried afterwards by a battalion couit-niartial, he was fentenced to be whipped, and drummed out of the corps. Thofe whom he accufcd, had been accufed before in like manner, and acquitted for the fame reafon. On the 1 8th twenty-feven convifts, who had confented to become fcttlers after the expiration of their timp, took poffcilion of their albtmcoti, and btgan to build their huts. Twelve of them were allowed fituations at the foot of ProfpcA-hill, and fifteen northward of the creek leading to Parra- matta. |n order to guard againd the natives, wh« might be inclined to hurt them, as they had many opportonities here, there were fome murque^a dif- tributvd BOT tributed among ti fettlers at Profpe^ den appearance o mufquet, and ran take to flight, advi had been iull erei fettlers took his mi made them retreat were fent out, for t! The Matilda tr Augnd. with an en convifts, provifions coming from Engl remarkably good, died ; feveral were ciated date. On tranfport, with a convifts, provifion gale of wind, anc very few fick, but day arrived the Sal male convicts, dor weak. On the 281 tranfport, with a, f of their wives and provifions, &c. Se^ and 26 were fick. The conviits W( landed, that numb( to Ihe hofpital. < were 285 under mc< Capl. Hunter's Depar, to make for Nerfelt linquifl.ied'-'I/le of , —A Clufter of dii fmall IJlands difco feveral Can»es—N covered — Ancbtragi Natives help them— difiharged — Nativt Their Song ef frien, fcription $fU'—AS —Fout Weatber-C them and the NatiK covered — Ptotrefs / RefolutioHS—PBiltif -—Coafl of MindauA Anrhora^eShip u Shifs kequeJi—Tb — Proceeds to Vio/en Altercation — Smart left behind— Majler difcovered—ltland ^ fxon greundleft — Ttw the Ship — Brothers j — Doomkins Iflandi- MARCH a7th. i Jackfon, in t The governor, and I cers, accompanied hin leave of him when he had fixteen weeks pi crew confided of la ffunter's wift to ent water at Timor; he touching at Batavia, Much fickncfs, which mod feriouB confequei crouded date and thei deemed it imprudent except it could be don their dock was fo fm; it their mod jodicioui 4 a BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 47 tributed among them. Shortly after, one of the fettlers at Profpecl-hill, being alarmed at the fud- den appearance of feveral natives, difcharged his mufquft, and ran away. The natives, feeing him take to flight, advanced and fet fife to his hut, that had been iurt erefted. Upon this another of the fettlers took liis mufquet, and firing at the natives, made them retreat. After this a party of foldters were fcnt out, for the further fecurity of the fettlers. The Matilda tranfport arrived on the firfl of Augnft, with an cnfign, twenty privates, 205 male convifts, provirions,&c. She was only five months coming from England, and '.hough her paflage was remarkably good, yet a ferjeant and 24 convi^s died -, feveral were Tick, and all the reil in £11 cn>a- ciated (late. On the 20th arrived the Atlantic tranfport, with a ferjeant, 17 privates, 30a male convidls, provifions, &c. A foldier was loft in a gale of wind, and 18 conviAs died: there were very few fick, but all in general weak. The next day arrived the Salamander, with 1 2 privates, 1 54 male convicts, (lores, &c. The jrcw were very weak. On the 28th arrived the William and Ann tranfport, with a. fetjeant, 13 p-->vates, with fome of their wives and children « 180 male convidis, provifions, &c. Seven convic'ts died on the paflage, and 36 were Pick. The convicts were in fuch a weak (late when landed, that numbers of them were ihortly carried til the hofpital. On the i(l of September there were 285 under medical treatment: there were alfo feveral feamen very ill of a dangerous fever, which was imagined to have been coiumunicate.l by the convidls. The natives (lill continued their vifits at the go- vernor's, fometimcs very gracious, and fometimes in difgrace. It was, however, deemed expedient to keep them in awe of the mufquets. In November 42 convidls died ; about 500 were fick at Parramatta, and about 200 at Sydney. At this time the following parcels of land were in or ready for cultivation at Parramatta: 351 acres, 2 roods, 5 perches, in maife. 44 ditto, I ditto, 8 ditto, in wheat. 6 ditto, 1 ditto, 30 ditto, in barley. 1 ditto, in oats. 2 ditto, 3 ditto, in potatoes. 4 ditto, 2 ditto, fit for cultivation. 4 ditto, 2 ditto, 15 ditto, planted chiefly with vines. 91 ditto, 3 ditto, 2 ditto, in cultivation by the fettlers. 28 ditto, in cultivation by ofllcers of the civil and military. 134 ditto, inclofed and prepSred for feeding c.ittle. 6 ditto, the governor's garden, partly fown, maife arul wheat. 80 ditto, gardcn-giound belonging to individuals. 17 ditto, hnd in cultivation by the New South Wales corps. , 150 ditto, intended fur turnips. - CHAPTER VII. Capl. Hunter^ s Departure in the WaakfambeydTranfport-^Numbtr eftheCmv, &f.—Su2geJllons — tljeyenJeax'ur to make for Nor/elk IJknd--Refulfed by an tajierly Wind—^ Confultatkn—I^ff'efls thereof— Norfolk IJland n . linju'tll?id—1fli of Pints made — A Miftate — III Confemunces—A critical Situation— Five fiitall f/latidi difcoverc I A Clufier of ditto, called Ijord Howe's Greiip—8ix Canoes feen — Defcriplion of the People in them — 7hree fmall Iflands difcovered-Sir Charles Hard/s ditto— A vexatious Difappointment— Becalmed — Mcetinfr zvith feveral Canoes— Natives friendly and food-naturtd — A remarkable Proof cf tlieir Honefly — A fmall Cove dif- covered — Anchorage — Affembly of the Natives — Dtfcription of them — Their Weapons, &c. — Water taken in — Natives help them — One of tbem becomes trtubltfmne — Stimulates his Companions to HojUlily — AConflid — Mufquets difcharfed — Natives alarmed, and difptrfed— Peace rejiored — Their Marks of Concern, Submijfton, &c. irr.— « T/jeir Song of Friendpif— Several fliaved — Defcriplion of the l^and— Departure from the Bay— Name and Dt- fcription ofit'-A Sufpicion concerning the Water — Thought to be without Found. C»Pt' Hunter left Port Jackfon, in the Waakfamheyd tranfport. The governor, and feveral civil and military offi- cers, accompanied him down the harbour, and took leave of him when he reached the lower part : they had fixteen weeks provifions with them, and the crew confifted of 193 perfons. It was Captain ffunter's wi(h to enter the Molucca Iflands, and water at Timor; he dlfapproved very much of touching at Batavia, as it was prodadive of fo aiuch fickncfs, which would at prefeat be of the moft ferious confequencc, on accoant both of their crouded (late and their fcarcity of neceflfarics. He deemed it imprudent to call at Norfolk Ifland, except it could be done without much delay, feeing their flock was fo fmall > and therefore concluded it thdr moft judicloui Y/ty to mak« the beli ofo of what time they had, and fail for either Mauritius or the Cape of (5ood Hope. As the wind had changed upon their fetting out, they were obliged to anchor until the next morning, when by a land- wind thcv got clear out of the harbour. In order to gratify the wifhes of the governor, (whofe orders it was however not to lo(e much time in the attempt) the mafter of the (hip endeavoured to make for Norfolk Ifland : he perfevered till the 1 8th of April, and was repulfed by a very ftrong eafteriy wind when only within 25 leagues of it. Captain Hunter now aUenihled the mafter of the veflel and the officers, to take into confidcration the prefcnt fltuation of the fliip, and confult on the beft method of proceeding. The caflcs which contained their water, being haftily made of very wretched fiuff* no ward, they found the nex' morning at day-light that they had gained confiderable ground, for the wind had varied feveral points, which was of the moft effential fcrvice. They carried a prefs of fail, and having weathered the reef, about two or three miles paiTed without it : they then fteercd to the N. W. then N.E. with a view of pafling between Queen Charlotte's Klands and that large piece of land lately difcovered. On the loth of May there was land feen about f'-ven leagues diftance, bearing W. N. W. this r.oved to be, upon a nearer ap- proach, about live fmall iflands, which Teeming only one at a diftance, was fuppofed to be Carteret's Ifland. As there had been no knowledge of tbefe iflands before, Capt. Hunter gave them the name of Stewart's Iflands, after the Hon. Keith Stewart. It was not known whether they were inhabited or not ; but two of them, which were the largeft, were fuppofed to be about three miles in length: they abounded in trees, among which was the cocua-nut. A great ciufter of iflands were difcovered on the i4lh, feme very extenfive; 32 were counted from the niaft-head, but in all probability there were more. Capt. Hunter gave them the name of Lord Howe's Croupe. About half a dozen canoes were alfu feen coming off, with 4arge triangular fails : one of them, containing nine men, approached the veflel, but would not touch or come aiong-fide ot her. Some nails, &c. were thrown into their tmat, which afforded them apparent fatisfaclion : they, in return, threw fome cocoa-nuts on board the veflel; in an hour after they departed. Thefe people were of a dark copper hue, very robuft, and re- markably clean : they wore (which was very extra- ordinary) artificial beards, their own appearing to be fliaved quite clofe ; at the end of which hung a row of fmall bones, which feemed like teeth at a diftance, making apparently two mouths : their hair was tied in a knot, on the back of their head : they had bones through their noftrils, and their ikin was marked, according to the cuftom of the natives. On the 1 8th in the morning, there were three fmall iflands difcovered, and kveral others in the cuurfe of the day. They feemed to lie in the direc- tion of S. £. and N. E. and were fuppofed to be cither the nine iflands mentioned by Captain Car- teret, or thofe which Lieutenant Shortland faw. Sir Charles Hardy's ifland was difcovered on the I9tli. The veflel being a verv heavy failing one, they were very flow in the! r progrefs, efpeciaily as the wcvth"'' was unfavourable. A light breeze rifing " ealW. ard on the 22nd, they wiflied to take advantage ; of it, and make for Wallis's Ifland, but could not ' proceed more than a knot and a half, having no • 4 ground with 130 fathoms line, and therefore unable of forcing the Ihip on, nor could they reach anchor- age in Gower's Harbour, though within three miles of it : they therefore bore away, in hopes of fetch- ing Carteret's Harbour ; which, as laid down in the chart, was four leagues from Wallis's Ifland : but this account, it feems, was erroneous, and they did not difcover their miftake, till it was impofllble to retract. They now ran along the fliure, with a view of an- choring, but could not find bottom, though they were cTofe in ; this difappointment was exceedingly vexatious, as their preicnt allowance of water was very ibfufScient for the re/nainder of their long voyage : it was therefore Captain Hunter's deter- mination to try the coaft of New Bi itain, and on the 22nd they were within three leagues of the Ihnrc ; being becalmed, Mr. Keltic was fent in the boat to try to get bottom near the fliore for anchorage. A light breeze having fucceeded the calm, the vefl'cl met the boat, but the Captain was exceedingly mortified to hear from Mr. Keltic, that there was no pofllbility of anchoring there : they then with- out delay made for the Duke of York's Ifland, and having reached the fouth-caft part thereof, were foon convinced there was no anchoring there. Next day, the sgd, they met with fcvcral canoes, on ac- count of the flender condition of which, the natives avoided the (hip, being aware of the danger of ftrikiog againft her : but they appeared very friendly and good-natured. One of thcfe canoes approached the boat, and underftanding that the Lnglilh wanted water, took a keg from thcni, with which they went to fliore, filled it, and returned with it immediately to the boat. I'he oilicer gave them another keg, which he meant they fliould keep as a compenfation tor their trouble : but this was filled in like manner, and brought back with the greateft expedition. Thefe people feemed to be remarkably honeft, nor would they accept of any trifling preicnts, without making fame return. Having now ran round the weflern fide of the ifland, they difcovered a fmall cove, and upon exami- nation found anchorage here, in twenty-one fathoms foft ground. This bay being fuiTounded with canoes, and a great number of the natives having aflembled on the ihore, it was deemed prudent to make ready the fliip's guns for fear of any hoftility. The people were well made, very flout, robuft, and of a hght copper colour ; their hair appeared woolly and nafty, owing to their manner of diefling it with greafe and powder, both white and red, with which it is fo loaded, that the fight is exceedingly difagrce- able : they were entirely naked, feveral were Icari- fied upon their arms and fiiouldcrs, and hollow reeds thruft through their noftrils. Their chief weapons were lances thrown by the hand, about ten feet lonj; ; they alfo carried ftones with them, about the fize of eggs, which they throw with great cxaclnefs fruiii their flings. They had alfo a kind of mufical in- ftrument, doubtlefs intended for entertainment : their vocal mufic was far more harmonious than their inftrumcntal. They feemed to be perfectly fenfible of honors and diiiin<^ions, for feveral were more refpec'led than others: the women were in general ordinary. There was no appearance of hofiiiity at firft, on the contrary, thofe natives, though exceedingly cla- morous, were difpofed to be very friendly : they aflilted the men in the boat to find water, which was done by digging holes in the fandy beach, and therein finking the calks, which immediately filled; they introduced them to a place where there was a con- fiderable flow of CAt<'llent frefli water. As they were now determined tu lay in a fufliciency, for that purpn'V they delayed four days. On the firft night a very ftri^ watch was kept, and the natives wei e equally vigilant ; they fung their watch-word, and the continual refponiies made very harmonious echoes. The nc^t morning the fame bufincft was repeated^ BOTANY BAY. PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 49 repeated $ twelve men being fcnt armed to defend the waterers, in cafe of danger. This day the na- tives were encreafed in number, and the majority appeared with lances, flones, flings, &c. One who was all over white with powder, and evidently a great chief among them, became very troubldbme, n;»r could he be appeafed with any of the prefents which were oflered them. The men endeavoured all in their power to court his favour, but in vain : this native was fo apparently enraged at their pre- fence, that he ttimulated the reil to hofulity, and they now appeared determined to drive the Engldh away. Several took out their boxes of red powder, which they blew all over ; an emblem, it Items, of theirdiiplcafure, and an inclination to quarrel. Some of the natives retired ; and kveral ftones were now flung. Upon this the armed men difcharged tlicir uuilquets, which was anfwcred by feveral fliots from the (hip, boat, &c. The guns not being known to the natives, but miftaken for clubs, had now luch powerful effea, that they all ran away full of terror, and leveral who were in canoes jumped mftantane- oufly into the water and fwam away. It is luppolcd that fome of them were wounded, as they were af- terwards remarkably conde.'cending, and full of awe. The Englifli continued tilling their calks, with- out any further molettation; and on the fourth day their watering was completed. The men having had dircdions to liie whenever any of the natives were feen in the woods, frequently dilcharged thiir muiquets. and prevented any twrther attacks. (Jn the laft evening ol their flay, when the failots were departing from fljore. the natives aflembled •, as did many canoes at an awful diflance. holding up green boughs, the emblem of peace and Iricndlhip: they appcued extremely anxious tor a Kconciliation.and took evfry means to prove their concern for the pr.)vocation they had given. There was therefore a boat fent from the veflel, with every fignof amity: on their landing, the natives retired, having prc- vioully piled upon the beach their pcacc-ottenng, confiftiBg of fugar-canes, cocoa-nuts, &c. &c. and what wab very remarkable, two Ittdc dogs, male and female, were left on the top of this Ireap, with their mouths and feet ticti : there was alio a pdm- tree ftuck in the middle, with the head forced down. This was fuppoled to be a tokea of fub- miflion. I'eace being re-eftablittcd, all tlic natives 3ilcmbleoa', which w ,is found Ixith clear and fafe. During tlu- remainder of the day, they continued to work betwcrn the fouth point of Mindanao and thcfc iflands. A boat, with twelve men on board, was feiit in the afterntion to meet them, from Hummock llluul. When they approached the vcfTel, they ^ked Icvcral (lueftions ; which were anfwered by the mtilcr of the fhip, and fomeof his own crew, who xveiVJavanele. in the Malay language. It appeared that "f he inhabitants of this place were upon friendly tcrm<- with the Dutch; therefore the ai tides which were rctjuired were accordingly promifcd. Tlic mailer ot thefliip was dcfired to give them a letter, containing every ncceffary information ; w hie'- *hey were rt> deliver to the Kaja, under whofe govern- ment, thefe illands were. A larger boat was fent out rn the evening, to have fonic converfation with tiiem; but as it was dark, they did not choofe to come on board the vcliLl. In the morning of the nth, they flood in for Hummock IQand, and aC noon found anchorage in 22 fathoms water, about a mile's diflance from the ihore. An anfwcr t(i the letter was brought from the Raja, in the fame canoe which had been fent out the preceding day with Dutch colours, lignifying (in the Malay laa- guagc) that their wifhes fhoulcl be complied with. Thcv now proceeded without delay to water the flii;" ; while feveral canoes were lent from the (hore with a great flore of neceflaries : poultry, goats, fruits, &c. were immediately bargained for. I'he natives behaved exceedingly friendly, and were re- markably courteous to thole who were employed on fhore. Notice was fcni. that the Uaja intended to viGt the vefTel ; and lor that purpolc he came in a largo boat, whch was covered with an awning of fphc bamboo : he was very refpcrlably attended ; and, on his arrival, faluted with live guns. During the Raja's vifit, a party of ten men armed were placed on the top of the round-houll* abaft, i he Jlaja aiul his attendants were fhewn to tlie cabin, where every due refpecl was paid them. The Haja now produced his coiimiillion, whereby he proved him- fclf in a great meafurc fupportcd by the Dutch tafl- India Company in his authority over thcfc illmd:*. Seeing therefore that the Dutch Company's intercft was fo well eflablithcd in thele lilatids, the mailer of the vefTel was encouraged to requeft of the K.ii» a proper quantity of rice, which was very mucli waiitcd : this folicitation continued for fomc time. The Uaja promiled to vilit tlicni the next day, a 1 i bring liirh articles as were wanted, 'i'lic mitUi, upon taking Icive, gave him a very rich piere of filk, and a volley was fired upon his return to the boat. On the 14th, uhich was the next day, the Kaja repeated his vilit, according to promili: ; I it the fcanty meafurc he produced of rice and f.igo powder (which would fcarce have been fix days maintenance for two men) fb incenled the mailer of the fliip, who was of a very hally, ungovernable difpolition, that he was refolved to detain the Kaja until hi.« reeared pervcrlc and violent ; and the Raja, feeing the long- boat hoided in, and fome cutlafles brought upon deck, according to the mailer's ortlcrs, became fomewhat alarmed, which his attendants pcrceivin", inftantaneoully aflcmblcd their companions, who approached with drawn daggers. An aged atten- dant upon the Raja, who held him by the flecve, drew hii dagger, and was prevented by the Raja from ftabbing the mafler of the vefTel, who imme. diately fnatched up a hanger in his defence, and vchcmenvly called out for fmall arms. Captain Hunter, though he condemned the mafter's con- duft, drew his fword ; and a number of his failori, who were on the fore-part of the deck, and had been, previous to this, trading with the natives, immediately armed thcmfclves with clubs, liand- fpikes, &c. while fome of the ollicers got up the finilUarms, and commenced a fmart fire. The Raja jumped from the gunwale into his boat, followed by his attendants, who immediately cut the rope which held them, and pulled away from the vertel with the greatcd expedition. Several of the natives made their efcapu bylwimming. The boat, which had been fent to fhorc for the purpofb of water,, 4 rctm lied bot; reliirned at this c natives, and it is fu but not a man on I injury : the mafler' notwithflanding vei was unfortunately Javanefe. and undei poflibfe th^t be mig not fall a facrifice tc Thefe iflands are Hummock Ifland, abounded in rice, be apple, oranges, man Indian corn, tobaccr fine fowls, goats, d tants were much of 1 of the Malay: they ' .1 kind of turban. Tl fcabbards, hung in a xvas very prevalent ai fcurf, like, the fcales ollcnfive to the eye. In the evening, (ei| the road and put to ward they fleered t next morning they di .S. W, in three hour fpace of fix hours ta bearing from S. W. a-head was feen in tl fmall ones; oneof wt called Poolo Sanguy land. On the a 5th they i were within nine lea i/tb. The weather a there wai but little w: There was a very hea obliged them to dew j was perceptible on tl fxpirafed to be one c to the fouthward of t upon the coaft, T\ thunder, lightning, ai iflof Sept. at night, i afuddcnalarm; fomei weathcr-quarter like ; were in czpcaation kept themfeives in rn lion was groundlefit, that it had been a la wrecked veflel, which On the 7th.tJwre wei S. W. at firft they wer joined each otJier, and iuppofcd they were tn their being piratei, tl encnuater tbem all the The wind continue S.S.W. toW.N.W. 1 ly night-time) from S. ground was fuddenly it could not have bi fithonu } but they wei twelve. Thty pafled flood on to the S. W. ablebi^ht. fomiedof t a large ifland called Poa to fland off and on, thi at this (intejfccing that the fhore, they were ap be obliged to anchor ; have been of confiderab got out of this bight, Brotheri, they endeavc inorc. After meeting \ which caufed no little 1 was ground difcovcred tlicy had tep fitthonis BOTANY BAY, I'OKT JACKSPN, NORFOLK ISL.A"N7X Wi.boat': thic people were in czpcAation of « pirate, and'scMtdingly kept themfelves in readinefs; but as' this apprehen- (ion was sroundlels, it was afterwatdl eohctuded that it bad been a large tree, or the reniaitti of a wrecked veffel, which ^ere floating.' ' On the 7th.tliere were two large proas' Teen in the ^" at firft they wer^ divided,^ but they ptefcntly S.W. joined each otlier, and flood in for land. ~ It was fuppolcd thejr were trading vefi'els ; but, for fear of ' their being pirates, the crew were in readinefs to encounter them all the night. The wind continued very variable 1 fofflcthnea S.S. W. to W.N.W. and at tMhcr times (particular- ly night-tine) firamt S.-S. £. to S. On the 1 rth the ground was fuddenly perceptible under the'fhip:' it could not have been more >than five or hx fiihoms) but they were foon afterwarcb in ten or twelve. They pafled the Brothers next day, and ' flood on to the S. W. being drawn into a confider- able bi^ht, fonnedof the (both part of Bor(>«o and a large lOand called Pooio Ld'oot, the/ were obliged to fland off and on, the winds being very trifling: nt this tinted fceing that they dropped in fo faft upon the fliore, they were apprefaenfive that they would be obliged to. anchor ; which lofs of time Wtould have been of confiderable confequcnce. When they got out of this bight, and were eaftward of the Brothers, they endeavoured to fetch the Celebes Ihore. After meeting with many changes of wind, which caufed no little trouble and vexation, there was ground difcovcred under the ihip on the 1 9th : they nad tep fathomi over.a very rocky bottom, which was quite perceptible. They now fleered' W. S. \V. wliidi they continued for about fwurteea leagues. On the 2 {d they made the Caraihin Java Iflands: the next day tlity met with (ome whirl- winds and \vatei-(pouts, which however they {^ot clear of by a Cuddcn (mart Lreezc of wind. From Caraman Java thty fleered ueflward, and made the Boomkin's Illahdsohthe 25th. Having paflcd three miles within them, the (horc of Java was difcovercd ; and on the.jyth they anchored in iiatavia road, being exaflly fix months ontheir palTage. The following is a lift of the latitudes and lon- gitudes of the diflierent places feen in the courfe of this voyage, from Port JacUfon by the northern j route : Reef from the S. E. point of New Caledonii, : called by Capt. Cook Qiiccn Charlotte's Foreland, In latitude 2^ cleg, oo min. fouth. In longitude 167 ile'g. 18 min. eafl. Stewart's Iflands, (center) Id latitude In long. louth. eafl.. fouth.' eafl. fouth fide, foutit. caft. 8 deg. 26 163 18 Bradley's Slioals, In latitude 6 32 In long. 161 6 Lord Howe's Group, In latitude 5 > t;o In long. 159 25 Five Iflands and two larnc rocks, fuppofed to have been Cartcret'sTiire iflands, fouth end. In latitude 4 53 fouth. In long. 15s so eafl. ' t . Appear^^nce of a ftraight through very high land weft ward, fuppofed to have been Shortland's or BougainvilliE^'s pialTagc, In latitude: 5 25 fouth. In loqg. 154 50 caft. Sir Charley Hardy's Ifland, In latitude 4 ^i fouth. • In long. . 154 , 20 caft. T Lord Anfon's Ifland, I -a.-.- i\. ■A % 30 fee, foutli. caft. , . In latitude '5 8 fouth. I^r ;:'•-,; in long. 154 31 eaft. ^ i .• •' ' Cape St. Gcorgc'.s New Ireland, If!. . ,' ' Inlatitudi: 4 52 fouth.":;"' : j ••• In lon^',' •; , 153 13 caft. "''•'•'"' ' J Port Hunter,, on, the Puke of York's Ifland, fitu- I ated in the nairoweft pact of the palTage betw ecn i JJpw BqtaiQ?i>..fHi;,, eaft. : y.jji, .,,3^,. '; 'i/T ibiilv/ norths' ^•otiii-.^'i eaft; "• ,-h''A\\i ., . .... .. ,. .'1 , ■■'"'■•r. ■-! 8 bcjong^g lotheNewCi'ronhes. 9 ii . north. . ,.137., 30 , eaft. ,,/;.,,/,■.„. I North end o^th■ei^Und Sf. JohA, off thi'Hft coaft , "-of Mindinao, In latiltide ' ■ 9 ^o' north.- iv',, :„: In long.' ■" 'f'jiS 3r' aR, 'iii ij iv>'i * ... Ifland !? ■'..; i' ii i\ , .1 , ■ ■ ■ '! f'i ■ ' *l ■ ■■ H *l ** 5 11' m. i] \w\ 53 VOYAGES TO ANu FROM NEW SOUTH WALES, U I Ifland of Palmas, In latitude 5 dcg- 3° "'"• '"'^*''" In long. 127 «»*«• Hummock Ifland, N. E. part, In latitude 5 »7 no['*'' In long. i«5 >» ""• Poolo Sanguy, north end. In latitude 3 44 north, i In long. liS II "ft- Celebes Ifland, N. W, part, [ In latitude i 12 north. In long. 121 "ft- Borneo Ifland, projefting point. In latitude 1 2 north. In long. 119 "ft- Small ifland on the coift of Celebes, In latitude 000 3 fouth. In long. 119 54 "*• The Triangles lat. 2 58 fouth. In long. 117 53 "ft* Two Brothers, off S.E. point uf Borneo, In latitude 3 deg, 41 roin. fouth. In long. 1 17 caft. Borneo, S. part, lat. 4 15 fouth. In long. 115 16 eaft. An iflaud, fuppofed to be Poolo La'oot, In latitude 4 56 fouth. In long. 115 40 eaft. Ditto, fuppofed to be Solembp. ' . In latitude 5 42 fouth. ' In long. 114 24 call. Caranian Java, fouth Ode, In latitude 5 2 1 fouth. ., In long. no 33 cafl. Bomkin's Iflands, dittii, In latitude s 56 Ibutli. In long. 108 ti caft. Keeling'g or Cocas lUands, ditto. In latitude la 6 fouth. In Ion (^ 58 3 caft. :;i 8 ' f /M ' 'ii C H A P T E R VIII. ill 'nfriiri A Ltlter from the Sbebander to Captain Hunter — Purtx»t of the Contents—Cupttiin waits npon the Slubander— Accompanies him to the Governor — His Bu/mefs ana Jttqu^ made knovn—Governcr's Anfwer and Scruples-^ Captain urves the Ntrefity of hi- JpplicatioK~/srffert^d to ''- ''- ' " ^"'■-- - •■ • .... Capti ^ «,,... - Improved iy the Shebander — Leavi given dipt, tiunier to furchafc the Yejjei— Terms agreed upon betrvten him anA the Proprietor— Obfervatans — Sailors taken ill of » I'evtr-'Ntiture of it the Qunoil'^Hn Application uritten in Dutch— Terms agreed upon bctiv*tn him Deaths of four Siamtn-- Indif- '^nchors Vefjel fecure I — Detained — Defeils remedied^ Frovijions laid i>i^-()rders It pri-cetd—Run do\ii to Robins IJland— Becalmed — Obl! Heleita l/lami feen-^Sbip nucrtif^-^Anrhtr. age— An O'^er fent to the Governor — Governor's Politetufs and Atteiitim — k'.aplain lands — Ji fahiled^^hindly r'reived Departure — Arrival at Port/mouth — Exttafl.of a Letter from Luptai/i limUu-^Iht br/i Ltut/t Jtem PJru) South Wiles to Europe defcrilKd-'-Conc'.u/ion. CAPTAIN HUNTER now received a letter from the Shebander, the repotted owner of thw Waakfamheyd Tranfport, rctjuelling be would call uponhiin early the next r.iorning, in order to be introduced to the governor; an'l bang appnfed of the captain's bufinefs and intentions by the ratfter of the fliip, who •'»'* wtiitA upon him irainort, after they had obtained the neceflarv iapplics, for which purpofe the captain folieitqd that the Waak- famheyd Tranfport might he refitud M fow a» poflible, and leave granted for th«m to proqec^. In anfwer to this, it was obferved by the gpver- nor. that iha velTel was Dutch property, and H w»# contrary to their eftablilhed rules to permit any fuch veflcl to proceed from thence tolEoropc, in the capacity of a TranJjport. The c^t^ii* hpwfvcr uraed the ncccflity of the appUcation, and begged he would coufider that it was for th« accoBiojoda- tion of his Britannic Majcfty, «wl not. any one In- I •r 'jicitj ■ I -^-i ■.' l.-.;li «, ' .' 'dividual that he wu miking this requefi. However the captain's appiicaition was obliged to be relcrred to ihQ cuunciU the governor not being cnpthlo of doing anV' (hiait <-*f himiclf. On chiiiacci^unt, it was written in the Dutch language by the alicbaiidcr, who, by the \yay of fucihtating tlin buiinr j out the peroiUUon oil either the propritli ,% or the company. Previous to the coptaiiv'il jivival at Batavia, be umlorftood that it belonged to one iQdivid«i»J, Ml . tlngcihard« and aftcrwantt he wat inM'iued thnt it was the property of tb« company, and tbcntf<>re fubjct^ to tlieir ellablifted rcgula- tions. Thrfr contradidiiHis can only be reconciled by a fuppolitiuD that all thole who have any niite. rial appoinUncpts iwdor the company, Itave lull power and agibority tu ule tlici>- name whti. it an- iwcrs any private intercll. Previous tulhc csptuiu'sikopaiturc, fovcral ofilic failuri wsrt taken vary. ill ok a iovi;r, which wii very ufual ceremony. ^(ith the accidents tl diately wrote to hini great concern lor wl afl'uring him tlut eve piodiiccd, Ihuuld be No. s- BOTANY BAY, PORT JACKSON, NORFOLK ISLAND, &c. 53 very prevalent in this town. The patient was thereby reduced to fuch a weakly condition, as not to be able to ftand or walic ; it likewife occafioned fuch a ficknefa at the ftomach, that every kind^f fond was difagreeable ; add to which, tiiat it was of fuch a fiubborn nature, as rendered it exceedingly difficult to be removed. One Daniel Puddle, fea- man, died on the i9thof Oftober; Terence Burne, ditto, on the 2(5th ; at which time there were twenty- two indifpofed. Robert Hcnderfon, feaman, died on the 14th of November ; and Edward Moore, ditto, on the iilh of December. Mr. Kgenhard having evinced the greateft atten- t^on and liberality in relpcdl to the equipment of thfe vcffel, it was ready for fea October the 20th, where having left the road, they failed to the Ifland of Onruft, where they anchored, and took in their ftore«. They left Onruft on the 22nd, and in fout days cleared the Straits of Sunda: they now (leered S. W. and made Cape Lagullus on the 15th of December, and anchored in Table Bay, at the Cape of (lood Hope, on the 17th. The wind now became fo violent from the fouth- eaft, that they could not poflibly fetch their upper anchorage. Thus it continued for feveral days, par- ticularly on the 20th, when it w»sfo remarkably fu- rious that the vclTel broke loofc from the tyto bower anchors : it was in vain to truft any longer to anchors, which had no eficft, efpccially as there was not the leaft abatement of the wind : the veflcl was toflcd to and fro by every gale that blew: the captain, apprehenfive of being drove upon the reef off Robin's Ifland, in the night, imnu-du atcly had both cables cut, and fortunately ran td fea under the fore-fail before it was daik. The weather now became lair, and the wind cjuite calm; therefore with the view of recovci ing the bay again, lh the general chirr, f;ivcii from the " authuiityof that moll correcl. and able navigator " Captain Cook. When they anive off Dotany- " Bay, Port jackfon, or Uruken-Uay, they will I " hope receive (oine allillance into any of thefe " harbouis, from the furveys done by me, copies " of which I delivered to the governor, as the dif- '• fcrent harbours wtre completed, in order that " fair copies might, as early -a he (hould judge " proper, be tranihiitted home : but that nothing " in my power may be wanting to aflifl thofe who ** may be llrangers on their arrival ofl' that part of >'* the coall, (eparate copies of tliofc ports, with di- *' regions more full than were given with the (irfl, " will be delivered at your lordfliip's board, witli " this, and alfo a copy of the three h.iibours, on " one (heet, connee will carry thi» " trade in the Sumnier-iiinc probably quite home «« tothe Cape; but in the VVinier, north-weft winds ♦' prevail in the neighbourhood of that coaft, which " would exceedingly retard her arrival there. " The paflage (ouihward by Cape Horn, I have " failed, and as a proof of the prevalence of wellerly " wind* in thofe high latitude)., 1 made my voyage « to the Cape of Go(xl Hope, in ninety-one days, " from Port Jackfon, although 1 was fo unlucky " as to be detained beating ofl" Cape Horn for f.ivcn'; ** teen days, with a uonh-cail wind j which 1 be- " licye is not very common there. This is rather " a long voyage to be performed i|i that time, and " yet I think it will be done twice in three times in " left, although a diftance of abooc ;;oo leagues. " The northern pafl^ge, which can only be ati " tempted during the winter ftalon, in thcloutiiero " hcmifphere, on account of the periodical trade " wind!> in the Indian leas, aiul uudei taken in fuch « time as to cniurc their reaching Ihtavia before " the fettin;? in of the ACileily winds there, wnuh " is generally in the mi lille or end of Oclobcr. " Ihc dangers, cuncnlb, i.ilins. and other delays " to wivich wc are liable iu thcfe hitle known fcas, «' and of which v;c had much r\p«riencc in the '» Waak/itmhcyd tranfpoit,is the fubjcft oi the pre- '* ceding nairativc, wiiiih was written particularly •» for tliciofornialiun of your lordHiiiw, and pi in. " cipally with a view of (lowing tb*c very great " uncertainty of aa expeditious voyage to Europe '■ by that pallige. I fad«d from I'ort Jacklim in " March, and f can take upon me, without, I hope, " being tlippofcd to have pteiuined too much on " my owr» juilt^inent and experience, to albrt, that " a »ould hay* reached England ai foon " as 1 have. " If ever government fhould find it neccflary to " lend ihip» to that country, which may be intended •• to reuim immediately fnwn thence to luiglatui, " 1 beg leavo to luggcU to your loidfhips, that the " pjiticular leiloni in tlie fouihern hcmiiphcrc " Ihouhl hf ciinliilercil, in order to prevent thole " delays in the rttuin of the (hips which niuft iiie- " vitibly attend their latliug at an unfavuuiabic " lime. . >'iA ■»;.*•» " If fuch Clips leave England in February, or *' earlier,, if found more convenient, they fhouM *' refrefh at Rio Jb Janeiro, in preference to the " Cape of Good Hope ; as by the tims they could " arrive at the C?pc ibe N. W. winds will be fetting " in tbere, which will oblige them to go into tb^ " Falfc bay ; this will coididerably entrcate their ** expences, and probably occafioii fomc delay : fail " imotedialely from Ilio dc Janeiro for the coaft of " New South Wales, where, if they are joot uncum- " monly unfortunate, they will arrive early in Sepj " tembert this i: giving them good time. " They will than have time to clear, ballafl, and " to refrcflvtheir people for fix weeks or two months, " and return by Cape Horn ; or, if the weilem " paffage be found preferable, the fcafoii will be " equally favourable for it. , If they lliould take " their route by Cape lloi n, as they will no tloubt " require to refrclh fonti >vhtre "iiii their voyage " home, they may cither ftopat Santa Cjth -'• ■1 ^m mmm ■PMi * ^'^jjj^j^JK*^,^ \'.nji)iis i'liAicrs of IML.^NO.H av inthr A'l'i, \ \"i'n' m l*,\riKi<' <>i*v..\x,«c The ?V^-:1V. » •- •v V,. ■■..A' The A'w^ Including »1I Captain WI ..V ■>'■■ - ■^V ,%n.- 9we •^ a y.:A The" Wreck 6f tji' '^itgy^'^lPa^ •{.. UNDER THE 'COMMAND jO(F.J;:::...wJi jn-j"biiioi fir ,'-fr,o9q''' ■'! ■• ..;: X. ;ln the Service of the Honourable EAST-IMDIA CdMPAHVi i«VwaH '■ ■'". - • WITH FULL AND CIRCUMSTANTrAL ACCOUNTS OF :'^ ■ ■"^^Thc PELEW ISLANDS, * The Ki7ig, Raa Kook, Arra Kooker, Lee J3»,- and other Inhabitants, . Including »11 the Adventures, Disoovehies, Information, &c. contaihed in ithe TouRNALS and Communications df vi;!*. -•.•..• _A,.\yj^4\ Captain \yiLSON, GEORGE KEATE, Efq. Surgeon SHARP, and feveijal r ..v^«srfT^V' of the other OrncERS and Gentlemen. -yl Dfing an Entire New History of this Unfortunate Wreck, Immediate Distresses, Wonderful Deliverance, and IntereUing Adventures, more Accurate and Full than any hitherto Publifhed. Which, with theftveralotherVOYAGF.SlindTIlAVBLSrtOiyelncludcahthMCttHeaion, tvtll beErtibeUJfl^ with ^ Variety of Mott Ecgant CO'pi'ER-PL ATES, Drawn and tngrived by Emimdct Artifls. INTRODUCTION. -^' '-' Til E difcovery of the Pelew Iftands hasf been rntircly owing to the wreck of the Ahtdope: there has been fomc ctirfory mention of this pUce, it is trut, in the Kpaniflt and other f4iftMies, but never till now was there a fatiufaAory tccount. All informationg derived from former relaHon§, arc not only trivial, but erroneous, as may a{>petr from the following remarks: Ihefe iilandi, which, ai fupp»fed, wttt firft^ atl obrerved by fume of the Spaniards of the PhilHpiaei, were by them called the Palos Iflands, Palbs li^i- fyin;^ in Spanifh, a iiM/i ; tm account of the tftil palm-trccK, for which tht!i place is remftvll^tbl«^ and which at a tttflance retiimbled the maft» of (hips. All the ffveral Mlands of this Archipeit«o hav« de. lived their names from the Spaniards, tnouf(h now the majority are chiefly known by th« tUle of the New Carolines, wbtch went difcovercd in the yekr i(>v<(, as appears from the writings of the Jefuit niinuinai its ; whereby it feems, that f6mw of the inlubitants of Spain, venturing too far to (ea, had boen driveA by a Durm to one df the PhilKpines: this dilcuvery was theiKxafion (>f a vefliel called the Holy Trinity, being afterwards fitted out at Manilla by order of Philip V. to carry two mlltioitaries there, le« Peres Duberon and Cortel ; when they had pfefl'ed Sonforol, one of the Carolines, an alter- cation arolc between the Captain, Don Padilli atid the mifliohsrirs, wherein the latter contended to go on (hore in the chalonpe, to fix the croft, and flub- kornly ptrfevered in the attempt. The vdftii as no anchorage coiikl be found, iiiiibleany kmj^erit) etlJ counter the force of the wtnds «nd cnrreiils, was obliged nftor a few dayt lt> quit her ftSli^nt and Icjve the reverend fathers behind. There is alfe an account of another ve&c! betrtg fent, which fonn- <)ercd at lea, and all the crew periflicd except one Indkin, wha« by Tome miraculous meiins got back to Manilla, and made known the fata! accident. In th«ft writings there is alio an account of a boat, be- longing td (he Cai'dHnes, which was driveh by a, tcmpttt toGuahatt, 0h« of the Mariannes, in 1721; >#1iMre, being detained, Catova (who was afterwards kilted by the people of the Cttrolines) endeavoured to acquire foine kiiowledge of their language and tioantry ( and from tkefe natives, derivoi an im- perftA account 6f the Pelew Iflands. He records fhkt this Archipehgo was divided into five provin^ CM, and that theft iQands (brmeti the fifth divifton : viien, upon the authority of thefe natives, whb ac« I krtttwledged^ that thev had no communication with thofe people, ke Idas, " They are an inhuman '* (iivkge race I the men and women ^ entirely "■ n«|ced, and feed upon hamatt fleflt ; this is th» " reafon" (as given by the hitlvis) " that the in- " habitants of the Carolines looked u^on them with *' dcteftktion, as tho enemies of mankind ; and with " whom they heki it dangerous to havu any inter- " courft." From thill aceidentti acquaintance, the foUr.fifths of thefe iflands were called' by the Spaniards New Carolines ; but being reported by the miflionaries as unprofitable, they w«re of onurfe negleeled by the Spaniih monaixhy. The account, as given by the natives, of the fifih part, was indeed fuflioient to deter titem frntn all enquiries ( but it is evidetit that) tbtffi) people knew nothing of the Pelew iniiabitantst at lead, if they were then inliurtlin, ftVklfev ani( enemies nf mankirtd, they are nM of a contriry deftsriptlnn. I'eHiapli, thrrtUi^ fomc rolflskc Of ottieK they enttrtained a notion of their being canniinU, and therefoVe avoided them. Be thiirituout Uquors ( to which they chearfully con> Icnted { but as tbey were cxceedinjgjy wet and fa- tigued, each perfon was rcfreflied with a bifcuit and two gbflei of wine. The tedious hours of night now pafled 00 in mutually endeavouring co coniole each other. Each man had taken what quantity of clothes it was convenient to him to fecure i and every individual ftriAly conformed to the captain's command, to abflain from fpirituous liquors, At dawn of da^ tbey difcovered a fmall ifland to the fouthward, diftanre about four leagues ^ and a little after fome other iflands were fecn to the eafl- ward. Upon this the boats were manned, and loaded in the heft nunner t Mr. Beager, and a few others, were dilpatched in theie, to explore the neareft ifland ; they were Hkcwifc enjoined to court the a friendfliip , ^ !%■■.>. ll^fiif^ii mmm i i\ :? 1 i ^ ^' n >.^^.....^,. PORTLOCKS. /.. COLLECTION / A OYAOES,,.,/ TRAVELS. ( A New Zealand ( hiet-,) fricndfllip inil co any; and to :iv proved it iirfTcnt. were iinnu-diatti) board, jrut iii iki U(u.ition <>t tlie < lhc;y exp'-Clcd llie •A liiMi t gair, till ahdiit llic b(>:its, quietude. '1 lulf the .ifitiiiDiin. by rcvivfd, liy Mr. not only a (cciirc furtablc (hckcr \\ ct'llinc lidh uRtt W.1S no .ip( cjranc were letc with tl Mi-re now locncoi tlut tliey renewed and in a (horc ti durinp; the depart aUcr wliicli tlicy bread and wine, loll, having taikn gini; ot tlie niizzc in the n)iz7.rn-ch. favc liim, but in ^ 'I'iic pinniicc an proviiiuns, tiiitll-o the raft which the; provifions and Uu '1 he Iwatlwain wa people y Mr. licnger's affurancc that there was not only a fccure harbour, which aflorded a com- fortable fhclur from the wind, but alfo fomc ex- cellent hrlli «ater: lie further adiled, th.it thtre was no .ipicarance of any inhabitants, hive men were Icic with the flores upon (horc. 'Ihc crew were now Ibencouraf^ed with ihefe agreeable tidings, that they renewed their work with renovated fpirits, and in a (liort time the raft, which they begun tluring the departure of the bjats, were completed : after whcli tlicy rcfrcOied themfelves again with bread and wine. One Ciodfiy Minks was hf.:"cver loll, having fallen overboard while cutting the .ig- ging of the Hiizztn mall, which had been ent.';^igled in the mizrrn-chains: cveiy method was takck> to favc him, but in vuin. 1 he pinnace and jolly-boat were foon filled with proviiiuns, tniall-aiins, and aniinunition; likewifc the raft which thr-y had iiniQied loaded with as much provilions and llorcs as it could carry with fafety. 'I he boatlwain was now dehred to fumoion all the people from the fliij:, who, notwithftanding the captain's repeated entfcaticsto leave her, were ftill anxious to fecure all that could be got, efpecially the carpenter, who was ib bufy in colledfing his tools, &c. that he remained below after the pinnace and lift were gone, and was abfolutely forced into the jolly-boat by the captain, fu intent was be upon the prclervatioii of every necefTary. '1 he raft was taken in tow by the pi^inace, and was awhile aflilled by the jolly-boat, which however was (u heavy laden as to be incapable of giving further aid ; it accordingly proceeded ajone to the fliorc, where they found the five men who had been left with the llores, and who had been employed in preparmg the place for the reception of their fellow Uitli.rtr». 1 hole people who had truHed themfelves to the raft, were for a long time in a deplorable liluation : in clearing the reef, they were frequently out of light of the pinnace, and obliged to tie them- felves, and cling with all their (Irength to the raft, for fear of being waflud off by the tremendous furf and rife of the fea : during this the ^^toot Cbinefe, who were unaccuftomed to fuch fatigue and Cfidj were miking a moll lamentable noife : aftjr clearing the reef, their progrefs was fomcwhat more agree- able, but in approaching the land a flrong current obliged them to ufe their utmolk exertions; tht'r ftrength being however exhaufted, in the unavail- ing attempt of reliflance, it was judged expedient that the pinnace Giould take the people from off the raft, which addition double banked the oars of the pinnace, and relieved the rowers; but they were cnnfequently fo burthened, as to be fcarccly able td keep above water : they were now clofe under a rocky coaff, in i6 fathom water. By this time the Jolly-boat had laid her cargo in fhore, and Captain W'liion, and four others, were returning in her to aflitt the pinnace and raft; it was very dark, and the pinnace having but (lowly advanced, was hailed by the jolly-boat at a dil^ance; but this was returned with fuch a fhrill halloo, owing to their faintnels and languor, that they were fuppofed to be natives, for the people on fhore had now fume reafon to think that the ifland was inhabited : on account of this miiiake. Captain Wilfon and his company re- turned with all poflible expedition to the cove: however, nn the arrival of the pinnace, all thefe apprehenfions ceafed. They fhook hands, kindled a lire, and refrefhed themfelves with cheefe, bifcuits, and water. The boats were hauled on fhore, and a watch let, for fear of being furprifcd by any of the natives ; but, on account of the heavy rain and wind, and more efpecially the diflrefling thoughts of their difmal fituation, this night proved exceed- ingly tedious and uncomfortable. Several of the people, through the feverity of their labour, and the condition of their clothes, which were both wee and fliff, had fuch a violent itching in their fkins, as to occaCon painful fores, Early in the morning the pinnace and jolly-boat were lent to the raft ; but, on account of the vio- lence of the wind, found it impradlicable to bring it up; they, however, got from it the remainder of the provifious and (ads. In the afternoon there was a calm •, during which the boats were fo fortu- nate as to recover fome rice, and other provilions, from the wreck. The weather became heavy again, and it was thought, as the wales had flarted out of their places, that the veffel mull foon fall to pieces. This was very melancholy news, as cxpcdlations had been formed of her floating, and being thereby enabled to repair her. This hope being blafled, the deplorable fituation of the company now aggravated their gloomy reflections: having, however, procured their clothes from the wreck, they felt themfelves niore comfortable than the preceding night< CHAPTER II. Emfkyment of ihe Men— Appearance of two Cames—'Interviev) with 'the Natives— JCaflain's Bthavimr-^Iavitet them to IWeakfaji — Invitation acceptcJ— Fortunate Event-- A Friendpip contra fled — Their Curicftty — Surfrift -Tie Captain's Cauticn — Wijhes ftujlrated — Natives delig^hted'—Thi Captain's Brother chofen to be introduced t$ theKin'j — His Departure in the Natives Canoe — Aaa Kjoi, and the Interpreter, remain behind — Natives ajjijt the F.n'^tijh in their Work— A Propofition of the Captain' s— Approved of by the Officers — The Wreck plundered by the Natives — Raa Kttk's confequent Indiination and Uneafinefj—Tbe laudable Fortitude and Afeilion of the Sailers— -Return of Arrtt Kooker, with one of the Princes— Death of three of the Natives — Prefent to the Captain -^ Kind's Mejfage — Return of Mr. M. Wilfon— Account of his Expedition and Reception-*General Delight and Satiifaflion— Account of the Wreck being plundered — Raa KoOk's IJehaviour thereupon— A Vifit from tiie King —Ceremony — He and the Captain embrace— King's Courtefy, &c. — Captain's Prefent — The Englijh Jlill afpre* henfive — Ihe Men exercifed for the King's Amufement—Univerfal Surppfe — King, &c. highly entertained—* His Majejly bewildered, and penftvc—The Englijh alarmed by a Shriek — Accounted for — King's Departure — A hidioits Noife— Sailors lake up Amis — Their Apprehenfions gnundtefs — Natives and Fnglijh fing — Defer ip- tions of the Kinz— His Brothers— Natives, &C.'— Their Ornaments, Di/lin^ions, Manners, ire, '\ THE men were now employed in improving their tents, and drying their ftores and pro- vifions; the wind being ftill boi(lerou8, the boats were prevented from venturing to fea. Early in the morning, Augult the i:th, the captain and hit linguift, Tho. Rofe, a native of Bengal, and who paued for a Portuguefe. rcccivi;d notice that fome natives were approaching in two canoes. The captain Enjoined the people, who were apparently alarmed, to remain iitiiet and out of fight, but pre- * ]P- -* - pared P 111 ', I 11,1 I ,■ . • ,r m I ' ■3 •*'..• i ■J' 'B h '.1 re-.i A VOYAGE TO THE PELEW ISLANDS, il M !il I '* 'i IX II 1 1 ■' 1 fii 1 (* fl' y 1 i pared for the woiu, in caie that he and his inter- preter were ill ncLivcd. The canoes had advanced with the frreatcit cAution ; and Rofe was deiired by the cjptain to .uUUek them in the Malay language, which he did: they feetned fomewhat fuipiifed, and not to comprehend what he faid ; one ut them, however, who very fortunately underftood the lan- RUajTc, enquired in the Malay tongue whether they were friends or enemies. Roie, according to his injunctions, replied, " that they were friends, un- fortunate EnRliftinien, who had loft their veftcl on the reef, and had lauded here for thcn(rd at the whiuneCsot tli<;ir bodies underneath, and the bUicneis of their veins. Thele people having veiitiiretl themfclves on Chore unmmed, the captain decniul it highly imprudent to let them fee their liie-arms, lot tear ot ti eating any diilidcnce or fulpicion ; he theretoie gave his r ail directions to have them icmoved, but was froi'f^ttd in his hopes of concealing them, for one of .'iem having lound a bullet, and enquiring its ufe, onderftood from his interpreter the meaning of it. and was further infoi nicd of the great beauty and ingenuity of then muiquets: this excited their curiofity h much, that it was found expedient to Ihrw them onr They cxprffTed great Utiilattion at feeing it; aD< were equally dcliglited with the appearance of two dr^i, as ihejr bid never feen anv quadi vipeds before, excrpt l(>«i<« grey rats. it was deemed advifeaM* itnt one of the EngliOi fliould accompany thefc nafiftn to Pclew, in order 10 be introduced to their King, thai he might be able to form fome idea of the P.nglifli, befoit fie was vifited by the whole party, which might h^te too formidable appearance, anil confcquenily make in unfavourable impreffion. Mr. Mathias VV ilfon. the captain's brother, was ihechofcn perfon: this gen tie man chearfully confenied lo accompany t/ie na. tivcii, anj bcini prcvioufly inftrufted by ll»* tap- tain, and pt>{fcacd of fomc proper j^refeati. tut bis majclly. he departed about noon m their canoe, the other canoe and three men remaining behind ; alio the King's elder brother, Raa Kook, and (he interpreter. The Engli(h were ftill employed m rendering (heir temporary dwellings more commodious. They wrre Ircquvntly alUftcd by the natives, who fliewrd them where the heft water was to be prociircd, iiid as llicle people felt no longer any rcftraint. they not only fuftercd (lieinfrlvei to be conduced tuund the cove, but readily ajlillcii (licit Hew visitors in helping them occafinnaliy over every rupgcd p;ith; tor though the I'.nglilh could licaiccly bear to w.dk in thole flinty places, /ct cither through habit or a lei's fenlibility ot pain the natives teemed to think nothing ot it. This evening, in ruminating upon their fcrious lituation, and the danger of uting tlrnm^ liquors, which might not only be the caul'e ot uncalincrs among themfclves, but it it came in the way ot the inhabitants likewife intoxicate them, and be pro- dudlive of univerfal harm, it was prudently pro- pofed by the captain to ftave all the liquor calks which were on board the wreck, and inllead of en- deavouring tofave any, chearfully commit them to the waves. This propofition was univcrfally ap- proveal of by the officers, particularly as Ionic of the men had been already inebriated after the wreck, confequently clamorous and elated. C.ipf. Willon was therefore lelblvrd to make his wilius hr own the ne.vt morning to all i.'ic llup's conipinv. Augull 13th, die boailwain lumnuMicd all pcr- for.stowork. by winding his pipe, the found of which not only lui pi ill (I, but vt ry much delighted the natives. On aicount ot the bulnels of the wea- ther, Capr. Willon',-. biotlier was not t.nly welcome 10 fiay as long as ihey liked in his country, bi;i had full leave and permitlion to huild a vclli I, cither where they w»rc, or were plealcd to remove to, under his doiiiii.ion ; and that during their ftay they (hould always comuiand his protcdion. Upon this J (he general introduced (he Prince to tin; l-ni'lilh, who with the guvleft ragcrncl's and' dcligiu bcyau to notice every tranfidiuu, 4 Mr. ...^1 In the western PART of the PACIFIC OCEAN. 59 Mr. M. Wilfon returned in a (hort time after, toti.e great f,»tisfaftion of all his friends, who beuan to be fomewhiiL jpprchenfive for his fafety. The account of his expedition and reception, wc think proper to lay before the readers in his own words. " When the canoe in which ! went away came «« near the ifl^ind where the King lived, a vail con- " courfc of the natives ran ont of their houfes to «' fee mc come on Ihore ; the King's brother, who «' accompanied me, took me by the hand, and con- " dueled mc from the landing-place up to the town, " whrre tiicre was a mat fpread upon a fquare pave- " mcnt, on which he by figns direfted mc to fit " down. I obeyed, and in a little time the King " appeared; wiiich being notified to me by his •« brotiicr, 1 arofe, ami made my obeifance after '• the mmncr of caftern nations, lifting up my •' h;inds to my he.id, and inclining my budy tor- »■ ward ; to whicli he did not fccm to pay any at- •' tention. .\d deal <■ with him, which 1 conceivci) was to acquaint «' him with our dilall>.i-, and our numbci>; after •• which the King eat lome ng before the King's bro- ther joined me, and went with me to levcral houfes, where I was entertained with yams, cocoa-nuts, and fweetmeats — Heing after this conduced to the King, I hgiiificd tn him by geftures that 1 much wiihed to go back to mjr brother; he perfrclly undciftood me, and ex- plained to mc by ligns that the canoes could not go out, there being too much wind and fea. To " defciibe the firll he poinird up to the trees, and " blew ftrongly with his mouth ; and, to mark the " ton preat force of the fea en the canoes, hejdined " his two hands together with the palms upwards, '* then lifted them up, and turned them tlie leverfe " way, to exprels to me that the canoes would " ovcrfet. — I he remainder of the day I fpent in " walking about the ilhnci, and obferving its pro- " duce. I found it confilled chiefly of yams and " cocoa-nuts ; the former they cultivate with great " care in large plantations, in fwampy watery " ground, like the rice in India. The cocoa-nut " trees grow very near to their houfes, as docs alfo " the beetle-nut, which they chew as tobacco." It is impoflibleto cxprefs the general delight and fatisfadion which this gcntlcman'.i account afl'irclcd. The ciptain immediately prclentcd a filk coat and a pair of blue tvowfirs to the King's Ion, which he pu* on. Though .Arra Kooker, his uncle, could not bear the confinement of trowfcis, he took a liking to a white (hirt, which was immediately given him, and which lie no fooncr drcfTcd liimlelf in, but he began to Ikip about with fo much glee, as to create confiderable diverfion. not only by the contrail of the linen and his Ikin, but alfo by his mimickry and humour, which were abundant. Two boaU were fent ofl" with Mr. Barker to the wreck, but came back with the jolly-boat, on ac- coun' of the unfcttlecl weather. In the evening the pinr' :c returned with fome articles which they had prcl . -"cd, and informed the captain that there were iev/ al caiioei about the vcffel, and fome of the na- tive" had been deteflrd in plundciing her : this being com nunicated to Itaa Knok, Arra Kooker, and the kinf i ion, were immediately difpatchcd in a canoe, to thrcitcn and difperle thcin. For fear of any attack from the inh.ibitants of adjoining iflaiids, it was deemed advifeable to ap- point a regular guard every night t previous to which, fur fear of creating any alarm among the natives, thi" ruftom, with its utility, was commu- nicated to the king's brothcis, and piince, who ac- cordingly went to fee the guard turn out, and V^'cre highly delighted with their manoeuvres. i'he next day the Ivnglilh were a| prifcd of a vifit intended them by the king : while In anxii.,)t expcc - tation, feveral lauues appeared at a dillance, who were all armed; utiieri furroundi'd the harbour, where they tsy>to; at lal\ the king's c ,noc omt, attended .s,,];;i ■i, . m \- I ir 'I vM ■VP^tMl 60 A VOYAGE TO THE PELEW ISLANDS, i Ml ir % attcixled witli two at each fide ; while the rowers were i'plalhing about the water, and (lourilhing their p.V,ddlts \vith';ilKniiihing agility. Upon his aavanc- in were made him. Several of the Lnghfh liill retained their doubts and apprehenfions and as every chief among the retinue had looked Uedfaftly upon Iomc patiicular pcjfun, it was immediately lu;;gefk'd that they were planning their deliiuclion, hut it was afterwards tlifcovered that each was then chooCng an indivi- dual to be his friend. The King was as much delighted with every thing ho faw, as his brothers had been, lor his further amufcmcnt Captain U'ilfon commanded his men to be under arms, and drawn up on the heacli, then to be escicifcd by the chief mate. I'liis was ac- cordingly done: llicy «cnt through ill ti.e politions of their e.xercil'e, and (ircd three vollics. I he cx- plodon of the mufqueta created univerfal iUrprile among them: thi; king \> is afterw.irds Ihc.vn the ellecfl of thelis guns by Mi . Uengcr^ who ihot one of their fowls in his prdentc. 'I'hcy were very much aftonidied at feeing the bird drop, and Cia- mined it with great wonder and .ttention. The King, his brothers, and tb« rcff of the chiefs, were highly entertained with every thmg they faw, paiticutarly a grind-lWnr, the tea keltic, iron pot, bellow.s, fiying-pa'), &.< fhe novJty of thcfc things fo worked upon tik*- mind of his Majetly, tliat he was freciucntly loll in thought ; and being informed of tiie great variety of nations thrw was, begaii for the fiiit time to lie (urpifed at t|j. «ag- nitudc of the world : he • h bcwtkf«red, and f-.r a long time ptnlivel flic (^meral, his brother, 1 . k great pains to Ihew him eveiy thing, and expatutec much upon the l.nglilh C(»ntrivance« 'ij' departing, a fuddcn >itciidantt, which did ' iiglifhincn, uhw«eie 1.1 'I hi* »aB, tiow- nbiiii^ i. ' ' vcrc I fiirprifi! I'.aa ilVCCaiKK ..„ , , ... iind. 'fii^ ■■ ,; '),>i"-j was attended with as^otli (cremony as Ins airmA After the guud wasfit, ^ •■ ^'^"V, the Prince, a*' fiativcn, made fuch a hide* that the faiU ' immediately fii/.iij their arm., m hetap' -' v- informcd by Suigcon ;ihirp and iVlr Ba»i his men weicapprchcniivc that the nativci iiad fc« e When the Kiiip loud ihiick was j, not a little alarm Ion apprchenfivr of a ever, a r accoidii'; . Kook, the Vi Autivcs, reniii' I treacherous delign, and were giving the (ignal for others to affill them. The captain begged them to be calm, and appear undifmayed, till he enquired into the caufe, which he was very happy to hnd was only a prelude to their manner of linging. Each verfe was given out by Raa Kook, which was fung by the next chief, all the natives joining in chorus. At their requeft, the Englifli fung feveral fongs, (particularly lea-ones) with which they were much delighted. Each party now went to reft, but there were many among the Englilh who had not yet overcome their doubts and fears. The King, like the reft of the natives, went en- tirely naked: he carried anViron hatchet on his (houlder, which created much) wonder among the Englifli, as all their other hatchets were made of Ihclls ; but as they feem to have a great notion of refpedt and dillinclion, it was fuppo(i.'d that iron was in the higlieU ellimation. Their fovcreiga appeared gentle and gracious, tiiough pofl'cfled of pioper dignity. Tlie chiefs had bones on their wrilfs, by way of ornament ; and the ring which Capt. VVilfon wore on his finger, was imagined by the>n to be the oinamental mark of his rank anl dignity, Arra Kooker appeared to be about fuity : he was flioit in ihtuie, but remarkably fat, and polleWedof great humour and fpiriis: liis counte- nance was very cxpicflive and lively. Kaa Kook was a chief ot amiable principle.'^, antl evidently pulklled of a nice Itide of honc^ur. His nepheo' was about twenty-one. This young man was ex- tiemely well made, but had lolt his nole. The naiivci are in general of a deep copper colour : tlieir Ikins gloll'y and loft, on account of the cocoa-nut oii. which they frequently uled externally. Tliey were of a middling llature, well made and iiuifcular; very majtllic in their walk : their tecih wcie black with ciiewing the bectlcnut aod chiuani-, their legs very much tattooed. The hair was of a line black, exceedingly long and 1 oiled up behind in a becom- ing iiuiiiicr. None but the King's younger brother had a beaid, it being culUuiiary with them to pluck it ouc by the loots, except when veiy (Irong and I hick. Abba 'fhullc, tlie King, was the full perlou in the government: cvciy niaik of diiUnaion was paid hiir, and even the greatcft chiefs humiliated theinitlvt^ before him. He hail (eveial illands over which fic uled. Kaa Kook was the next in jJOMcr, and wi Li.d have fucceeded the King in cile of l..s death. Arra Kooker was next ; and if thcle bio- thers had died duiing the reign of Abba Thuile, fhii Bcli, and the rell ot the King's fons, would thcj l.^vc icigued in their turns. There was a pauicuLi chief, or llupack, who always attended the King. This oflice did not feem 'icrcditaiy, but dcleg;iu-J ' he was always the liril chief that was conluito!. 'ihcnumbti of chiefs is very conliderable. It 1. an honour .olely conferred by the King; the ceic- mony of which we Ihall h..vc occahon to meniiou hereafter, f veiy man has private property, and every family iccupy a part ot Imd lur their main- tenance. 'J i. women are rather domcilic, but ex- ceedingly coi.i teous and attentive. They are chielly employed in making mats. Ihc (^ucen has a dwelling of her >wn. Uoth Icxcs wcir very expert at fwimming, par- ficularly the mop who weie cxicllcnt diveis. A plurality of wiv. was allowable, but the geneial *ombcr was two. fhey fe*H fome kind of contrai 1, which was as binding as marriage. Ihe King had hvc wives: Kaa Kook had thr«. Women, during then pregnancy, never Ueep with their hufband;:. I iey feem to have no idea of religion, and yet arc inclined to lupcrllition. In their funerals, 'he body is committed to the earth in a very decorou- m^aer, being attended by aduenumberofwumer. whofc Umcniatious on this occafioa are very violent, » CHAP. m I K THE WESTERN PART of the PACIFIC OCEAN. 6i CHAPTER III. Icing's chief Attendant pays the Ed^^/IJJj a Vijit— Accepts a Cutlnfs—MaJe to return it—Much Unenfmefs—An In. ftnuation — Seemingly corroboralid—Ctiptain goes to take Leave of his Majejly— Their Fears and Surprife increafed — the Natives imiiffeient and lefirved—/! vifible /llteration—The Englijh much diJireJed—An Explanation Honour and Delicacy — A Requcji of the King's—Four or Jive F.nglifli wanted by the Natives to join them in battle— Captain's Reply of compliance — All Gloominefs banijfjed — King delight id— Englijh refume their Labour The building of the new Vefjel — Kindncfs of the Englifh to their Captain — Captain's Gratitude—Occupations ap- fointed~Fbe King calls Jor the five Men that were promifed — All the Englijh vie for the Preference— Names live clii/'en — Their Orel's, &c. — Their Departure with the Katives — // Barricade formed — Weather 'fe! — Celebration of her — 'rom battle — Pnfvnls from ..... , ... afion—Name f the Ifhind where the Englijh are— The King gives it to the EngliJIj-The Captain lakes poffv/fion of it — // invited to Pelew '—Apologi^ies for net being able to go— Sends his JJ' other, &c. to longratuiate the King — Jolly. bout fent out Same of the Compai:y benighted— Found — Caftain explores the Ifland—Rctuin of his ^i other, &c. — A Paffau difcovered through the licef for the new Vcjj'cl. ji t > .. of the five chi/'en — Their Drels, f their operations. He fcemed dclirous for a cutlafs, whith Captain Wilfon thought pnidcni to give him ; but Kaa Kook pfvcciving it in his hand, was much dilplealed svith his acceptance thereof, and made him return it. 'ihisciicuniftancc, though trivial, occilioncd mucli uneahncls attcrwanis. Ihc Malay (who was inter- preter to the King) being an artful, jealous man, uiliniiatcd to the Knglilh that thiy had highly ot- Undcd the King and Ills brothers, by ncgltcling to give them pre(ent,s of equal worth, when they prc- Icntcd his chief with fuch a valuable thing as a cut- lals. Capt. Wilton therefore (sized an opportunity of olTcring a remnant of cloth t - the brothers, but their indillenncc antl cool acceptance thereof fcemed to corroborate the account of their dilpleafurc. After this, t!ie captain underlhnding the King was on his return to I'elcvv, (for till now he remained at the back of the illand, abor.t a mile's diitancc frotn the cove), the propriety thereof biing iuggi;llcd to hun, took Hole hi', inteipreter and four i .Old ihc J -'.glifh and natives became as fricrjiy and >urc , as preparations were ahcady nuking fur the battle, which wm U> 'Jkt plate in live days. 1 he captain, up(m commm.. eating what had pafled to Ins friends, was urged to return to the King, and alTure hJm the mvhich was to be called the Rt.licf), on Augufl 2 2d (he was celebrated, and every perfon allowed a double allowance of grog, to drink fucccfs to her. Auguft 25. Four canoes full of men came afhore. At firlT it was fufpcclcd they were forae of the king's enemies : it was evident, however, that curiofity brought them to fee the I'nglifli. Captain Wilfon paid them great attention, condu'('; fhe pleafing imelligcncc that I .: had found fat l?)W watei) near three feet and j lalf ot water, tKrough a iijriow pidage without the reef; and ai It role eic'-! or nine upon a (prliv^ tide, af courfc there nv„d be twelve (eet of watei, which was n 'i« than •fie Relief wnild rccjulre vhrn finifhed (htf had id'o »«nind fcven fafhon; water without the rrrf, tnd three within the fhoalrll part, 'flilii informa- tion ali)riJe<< (b murh .beer and fatiif.«c^i()n, that fvet-y one tirtijmefl h-, hb' ur with atlclltional al.i- iiily 4iid Ipitits. CHAP. Captain Wilfon pa) Bcfrejlmunts fn Their Meeting—. Captain inlrcdtici One of the litipiic Defcripticn of th him to hatl!e—Ot A Supper — UnixH prefi-rvej fom tt Uxng — A Prefent Six piunJer fiej him — The Imprai (Jutnj/c of ]] eath IVilJon and 'John dition~Of tie P. Six Canoes and ni AS the captain > a vifit to the fi>r Pelew on the 30 liinifeK in the com fjft.it being Sunda while Raa Kook ai waiting to attend t con( They were intioduc whkh wa.s luirnun.' Rupackn aflerableil i women an ol 1 ligli of thrji fcv .uir I, WltbtUMjHUt, M\i\ The captain wa (|i|rf|i's (Iwiioiii^i ineflage, that fltc v Queen conveiird wi ilow; and (tut thci accoiiii' v,{ iig (tji,, Sftux uiUmaiion. i^^ In the western PART or the PACIFIC OCEAN. 63 C H A P T E R IV. Captain Wilfon pays a Vljit to Pelew, accompanied by his Son, Meff. Sharp and Davis — Raa Ko:>k's Attenthn—' Befrejliments provided — Their Arrival — Ceremony— Compliment paid them—Kin?^ apprifed of their Arrival—' Their Meeting — Pre/enlt made the King — Women fleck to fee the Englijh — Dcfcription of ihe Chiefs Wives — . Captain introduced to the ^teen's Dwetling — Her Polilenefs — Attends Raa Kouk to bis o-j:n Houfe — Remarks- One of the Ri/fiicks brings the Surgeon to fee a fick Child— The Father's Gratitude — A Council of Stale held — Defer iption of the Manner— Refult thereof— King renews his Requejl — Ten Englifmten are promtfed to attend him to battle— Occitf on of the War — Every thin^ done for the Entertainment of the Engtijh—A Dance, ei^t.— A Supper — Univerjiil fiilarilY— Departure of the Englijl) — Eeiive taken, &c. — Arrival at Orootong — Materials p'eferveJ fom the Wreck — Names of thofe chrfen to attend the King on his feiond Expedition — A Vifit from the King — A Prefent rf Fijh, &c. — Kirig's Surprife — Delighted itjith the Barricade — Admires the Swivel Guns- Six- plunder fiied — Effeih of the Esple Imprai'licalulity of iifing it pointed out — /Iddition.il Prefent of Fijh — King departs with the Men — (Jiang e of U eat her — Return of the Engjijh from battle — Account of one of the Cant.es being overfet — Mr. M. V'ilfon and John Duncan in danger— Relieved by the Natives — Mr. M. Wilfon' s Account of the fecond Expe- dition — Of tie Preparations for the Rattle— Eneni)' diffofed for War — Ihe King's Stratagem— Happy Effects — Six Canoes and nine Pnfoners taken— Prifaners put to Death, &c. d"f. AS the captain was under the neccflity of paying a vifit to the King, he dttermincil to (ct out tor Peicw on the joth ; previous to whitli lie clrctTcd himfelt in (he company's uniform, ami alter break- fjft, it being Sunday, read prayeis in the great tent, wliile RaaKookaod tlie other natives, who were waiting to attend the captain to their illand, flriclly confdinied to liiat lilence and i,>lcmnity which the ceremony recjuircd, kncchng (aeturding to their fafliion) and ilandtng whenever the Enghth did. After prayers the captain fixed upon his Ion, Mill", Sharp and Davis, to attend him, and then taking leave of his people, fet off about eight o'clock in the morning in the jolly-boat, accompmied by Kaa KiM>k in a canoe with his people. When within a few miles of I'ciew, the chief paildlcd away and got a-head of tiicm, tlien llepping a while on more, re- luioed again, ami prefenily ahe» another canoe met them with itficlhrnentn. When in fight of I'clcw, the f.nglifli huifled thei.- colouis, and fired thice guns: they approached the fliorc about one o'clock, where they (aw, in compliment to them, a white flag, »liii.h was fhitk (>n a pole, it being fomeof the cloth that had bun given to the Kntj^. When they landed they hied three guns again, and fixed their colinns in the gmund : they were then tonduiletl t>> a houle by llaa Kook, who Itiit immediaiily a nKiur.ger to ilic King to apprife him of their ai 1 i\ ,il. Ihc beil kind ot lelieihments which tliey ctMild provide were h.id before them, and every thing placed in due ouler preparatory tu the king's arri- val : on his appearance, the captain iiMe and ein- liraceil him. They then fit down, (the kmg by tivc fide of the captain) and partook ot the proMlions: alter which Capt.VVilfon piefented his M.ijcliy wiiji a few pretents he had brought \\n\\ hiiii for thai purpule. '1 here was a great aUeiuhl) uf natives, whom no doubt curiolily had brought together, but who bcha\ed with the gieatctt relpect.elpeciaily in thi- prclcnce of \bba I hullc. The KngliU» at- tkiidcd the King up to the town, their coUiuib being carried before them; for they were anxious to dd- pli) as much ceirinony as pofliblc, for the purpofc ot making a piopur imprclUon upon the natives. They were iiitioduccd to a iaigc icjuarc pavement, whkh was luirnundcd with huts. I'hc wives of the Kupackb afli-tnbleil here, to fee the Ijitflifh. TLefe women arc .>( i lighter colour than ila generality of thru fix ..I ir brcafls and laces are rulibcd over witbturtutuc, and they boaftof a few ornaments. The ciutain was attended 1') K aa Kock to the; <|iierh's tUvwoiii^i it havi'ig been lignificd by a ineflage, that (he wifhcd for the interviuw. 1 Uc f.^c»u conveiird with the F.nulifh out of her win- dow; and <■'] tfieir pro- teii'lidn I ■ the murilricrs f rhat could be thiiuL^ht (in to conmbntr to 'r mtertainmcnt of the I'.nglilh was (Inumtrfly prsi .rd by the King, his chiefs, and theii iiieiulams j nor were the women his an.xious to cmreaft this (eltivity. There was a dance of the warriors 1 and two large tubs of. I fweet li month, he was obliged to poil- ponc his intention till the .)th, during which the natives were dill as 7.ealous in entertaining thtir guefts as before. The King would fain have rtef.iined the Fn^lifh longer, but finding thcin anxious to return, he it Itft J^i i" IP— 64 A VOYAGE TO THE PELEW ISLANDS, II % Vi \% hft alFented. The jolly-boat had been loaded with refrefhments, the beft which the ifland could afford, previous to their embaiking. They departed about two o'clock, having given their kind hofts three cheers, which was returned by the natives, even the King himfelf, who on this occafion joined with the croud, and made himfelf a cunfpicuous actor. They arrived at Oroolong about nine o'clock, where jhey were received with unfeigned gladnefs. Thecaptain was exceedingly happy to find that his people, during his abfence, were not only very in- duftrious, but had enjoyed the utmoft harmony among themfelves. The boats were regularly fent to the wreck, and frequently brought home fomc materials: among other neccflarics which were thus preferved, were a large quantity of coals; alfo planks, nails, &c. The fame eagernefs was expreffed as before by the captain's people to be the chofen perfons tiiat Ihould attend the King on his fecond expedition ; it was at laft agreed upon, and Mcff. M. Wilfon, Benger, Harvey, Steward, Roberts, Duncan, Ty- acke, Blanchard, Wilfon, and Dulton, who were ap. pointed, enjoined to keep themfelves in readinefa. On the 7th the King paid a vifit to Oroolong: his brothers, and fe%'eral other chiefs, attended. They had brought in their canoe fome fiflj, of an unknown kind, but remarkably fine, which they had caught ; it was in high eftimation with the natives, and by the Englifh allowed to be very good. 'J he King was very much furprifcd at the conllruc- tion of the new veffel, having had no idea before ot its intended magnitude : he was alfo delighted with the bairicade which was formed, and likewifc the fi.\-pounder and fwivcl-guns; thcfe he beheld with the grcateil furprife and admiration. The fix- poundcr was fired at the rcqueft of the King; the e.\plofion of which made them keep their fingers on their cars for fcveral minutes together. After this his Majcfly was treated with flierbct ; and he then retired to his canoes, obfcrving that he fliould return with his boats al high water for the men wlio ucre promifcd him. 'I he KinfT fcemed very anxious to have one of the fwivel-guns lent him, imagining that the execution wliich it would do would totally defeat his enemies ; but the inipraclicability of uling it in a canoe was pointed out to him by the captain. vSonic time after this the King returned, and brought an additional prcfent of fifli, and a tine turtle. Tiie nun)ber ot men he defired being now itady, they embarked, and departed for Pclcw. The weather, uhich had been hitherto fine, was now chan;i the raft for aicar two houis were excecdhigly faint and quite fpept. A cartouk .i-box, and two bayonet.*, were loft. The natives who had thus faved thcfe two I'.ngliflimen were inliantly icwardcd by the captain with urcfents agreeable to their lade. This fecond evpeditiuu was attended with as much fucccfs as the firll : for the fatisfadlion of the curious reader we Ihall give Mr. M. Wilfon's account of it in his own words, this gentleman having been prefent during the whole adtion, and the c'lcumilanccs being frequently related by him among his friends. " We reached Pelew the fame night that we left " Oroolong, it being the King's pleafurc to proceed " dire(fl>y on his way to Artingall ; but, as the " weather was very unfavourable, it was repre- " fcnted to him how injurious the rain would be " to the fire-arms, ^pon which he cheerfully de- " clined his intention till the fucceeding day. Wc " were entertained at the fame houfe where the " captain and Surgeon Sharp had been, and treated " with the greatell refpcifl and attention. " The King, Uaa Kook, Arra Kooker, all the " Unpacks and great officers, with the Knglifli, " were affembled the next day in the evening 011 " the c.iufcw.ty. The canoes being now prepared " we proceeded to the Uiorc and embarked, at- " tended by :» number of old men, wonu-n, and " children, w hole cut iolity and intcrell had brought " them together. Our departure from the land " was announced by the loud founding of a conch- " flicll. There were Icveral other canoes fcnt to •• different parts of the iUand to unite various forces " that had been alreaily cotledtcd, and were in rea- *' dinefs in (oiuc remote creeks to attend the King: " as foon, therefore, as the fignal was given, they " joined us. Tlie number of canoes were now " above two hundred. We proceeded to Artinq.ill; " but a few hours before day-light ffoppcd at one " of the King's illands, where wc went afhore, and " having placed tome mats on the ground, fkpc " for near three houis. Wc then returned to our '' canoes, and after piffing through a great number " of narrow intricate channels, reached Artingall a " httle before day-break. As the native* of Pelew " never attack their enemies in the dark, or take " them by lurprile, we (lopped here till the fun " was rilcn j upon which a canoe with four men, " each having a white feather in his hair, was dil- " patched to the enemy's ground calling a parley. " Thefe men are in (he capacity ot heralds, ei- " iher demanding an audience or bringing terms, " and till their return all Igns of hoilility arc " fufpended. •' The king of Artingall had already received *' notice from the king of Pelew that a renewal " of the battle was intended ; he had been, therc- " lore, picvidudy picpaicd (or our coming. When " the fignal of parley had been given a canoe came " fiom the enemy : it was demanded by H.ii Kook " that the king of Artingall (liould fubmit to Iholc " terms which had been .ilicady propofed by his " brother, as an atonement tor the murder which " had been committed by his people. The canoe " departed with this mcllige, and leturnrd imnic- " diaiely after with a flat rcftilal from the king, " v/ho declared himfelf ready tor war ; upon (Ins " Abba 'I'liulle, who had been dreffed in thcfcarlet " coat which the captain had given him, flooil up •• 111 hk canoe, ordered the couth to be founded, " and gave a (ignal tor all his foices to prepare for " the attack by waving hin chinam tlick in the " air. " Dwring this, the king of Artingall affcinbird " his nwn by fignals, and founded their conch " fhells m defiance, bii: were by no means willing " to leave the (hore and commence an attack. Ihr ' ren Englilhmen were in ten canoes, one being *' with tne Kinjf, jnoiher with his brother, ana '* the chiefelt Kupacks having one each. Th' " Engiilh were armed w<:S mufquets, bayontts, " piftols, :ind cutlades. '* There wcie favrrsl light canoes, containini " four men each, who were conflantly employed •* in conveying coinrr.aDds from fquidron to fqu»- " drun. ♦' dron. Their " were called b; " The enemy " and apparent •• the fliore, the " the improprif " defence; and *' /'■'!?'"' canoes, '* ed under a pie « make their a " given. This " were exchang «• pretending an " and counterfei •' example, and *• velocity. " This appeara •• enemy to a pu " great halle, tc " while they wer " fquadron appci " and confufion, " enemy found t " this the King ti " for his canoes " divifions, the ; " warm. The f] " the Englifli kej <* not add a- litt " could not conci " fell, when ther^ " them. Such w •' mufquets, that " whati they wen " than one good " iHring only eir *' if they arc ono •' fufion is general " the guns were fi " to fliout fo mut " enemies fears w« " ing they were n] " betook themfeln « were for fome *' that had been c •' many wounds a " nuinbefii'wet*e n " the people of A <• I'here Were, duri »« and nine prifon " great virtory, it •• captive, as the ' " carry away the v «• th'ifc that arc kil " in triumph by th " amriBg tliofit pt\ " the Pdew peopk " to deprive him t «• heroic chief dtt •' with uncomdion 77/ tVrfei conlinmh Apokty—H'iS 1 u tXvo thtrfs-'Tr Vimplainli trj^tfi htttjin fvi fill ' Qinihtn an4 ' — A Sfvtvrt ^11 n > ImelfOf/ccwi- llii Return-', (^/f Drjuai'uled of hH ivttf i^llmpt n tntrnj—tive ( Barktr's Fa>t—i ._ Kaa Keok fires ti i ^■— >— ■' A NEW VOYAGE to the PELEW ISLANDS. ^'5 «• dron. Their agility was fo (urpriling that they " were caMed by the Englilh the frigttle canoes. •< The enemy having iHli retained their ftation, «• and apparently ' rcfolved upon not quitting «• the fliorc, the King of Pclew was convinced at" " the impropriety Ot attacking them under fuch «« defence; and accordingly difpatched fome of the ** ffigof* cancel, to order a fquatlron to be conceal- << ed under a piece of diiiant high iand, and not to «< make their appearance till a certain fign was •« given. This being fccretfy done, a few fpears " were exchanged ; when fundenly Abba ThuHe, «' pretending an alarm, founded the conch-fliell, •• and counterfeited a flight, his canoe fettjng the •' example, and the rell following with ttjc greatcfl *« velocity. •• This appearance of cowardice encouraged the «« enemy to a purfuit. They quitted the inore in " great halle, to overtake their anta^onifts ; and " while they were warm in the chace, the concealed •< fquadron appeared, to their no little aftonilhmcnt " and confulion, and having cut off all retreat, the " enemy found themfelves lorely entan^^lcd. Upon '« this the King turned round, anil giving thcfignal " for his canoes to form themfelves into proper " divifions, the attack became both general and « warm. The fpears flew about very thick, and >< the Englifli kept up a continual fire, which did « not add a- little to their cmbaraiTment, as they »' could not conceive by what means their people «• fell, when there was no appearance of a fpcar in «' them. Such was theeffea of the firing of the " mufquets, that the enemy's forces did nbt know <* what' they were doing: as thrre is fcldom more «• than one good fpearman in each canoe, the reft »♦ being only employed to paddle and guide it, •' if they arc once put out of their way their con- " fufion is generally attended with a defeat. When «' the guns were fired, the jjeopie of Pelcw began " to (hout fo much, and halloo with jojr, that the «• enemies fears we!*e liatuially encrealed, and fftid- " ing they were no longer able to make refiftance, «« betook themfe<»es to a real flight ; herein they « were for fome time impeded, by the fquadron *« that had been concealed ; this futjcfted them to «• many wounds and difallers ; however, as their « numberii wete not adequate to that of the enemy, « the people of Artingall at lad got to their land. « There Were, during tne conflict, lix canoes taken, •« and nine prifoners, which h accounted a very •» great victory, it being very fcldom iny are made •« captive, as the vanquifhed always endeavour to •« carry away the wounded, and even the botlies of «« tliofe that art killed, that they may not be «xp»ifed " in triumph by their viftors. There was a Rupack •» among thcfe pflfoners : as fijon as he was taken, «' the Pdew peripic endeavoured all in their power •' to deprive him of tlic botie on his #rift ; but the «• heroic chief d;;f«ndod the mark of his dignity •• with uocoutmon coura);e, till at laft he loll his " life in the ftruggle. When his body Was brought " to Pelow, his head wasciit off, and fluckupou.a " bamboo, fixed lip before the King'ii houfe. •• There were two prifoners in the canoe' with me, •' one had his thigh broken with a fpear, and the •• other was wounded In feveral platfest they weife " commanded to fit down in the 1}oltoiti df the " canoe; the one whofe thigh was broken com- " plied, but the other rcfufed ; upon which one of " the natives hafiily Aiatched iny bayotiet) 'and " plunged It into his body: he died without a " groan. " Whenever any one is taptured, he utities Ws « hair, which was collected before ih'agreat'bo»i<
  • ct hwfatif witii «' the greateft fortitude; and could hot help gazltrg " at the Engiifh during the hours of hiSdlTOJutiftli. " The furprifc of feeing' a ^hilc man appaf&tly «• amufed the pains of death. i' '^ " The King flopped at feveral fihJftl iff»^ds<(on " his way to Pelcw) which belrtng<:d 'to' hiiil, ^or the fake of declaring' his vidloryj iWd expollrig the dead bodies of his prilbners.' A*H thefe p(*^e g reaetieii i'ewwi . the concii was " founded, to apprife the people ofMils^itrtValrU " was now dark, and there was Tome deHy -bifrtfe *« all the canoes wcreafl"o6»l)<y " teftilicd on the occaflmu TJiert Iftire fongsaiid " dances for the gieateft part of thfe night. The «* natives attributed tficir faecefs to uift'nien, as " th«y frequently repeated the word Er^ltisiti tlwrfr •• fongs. ill " llie number whicli the '?nc*ny loft cdUl* hin artifftn Men lent him for a Ihhd I vftiMlett'- Naples of the Meii—^AVchtireer-rjfit Accmnt— Tmelj'OYfccvery- H'ngtr frevmteif—Surj^.on ShaM foes to Pr'-Wtfo fee Raa ftaei)') Sat) that it i6e\inded—. Hit Return— Agietat'f Inte/lirenrt— Brings home /»» Ship's Coettrs-^ Account of hij-Vj/St to the Gpterais—ls Arnti^iiiirrt af hit fcn'j Dealh—Anivtl of the I'-iuli/h from the Battle — Mr. M. Withn's Jccotiyit ihirtnfi-. ttciuahted of hii tin'^ Death—Arrival of the i-ittHJk from the Battle — Jlf>-. M. iVi/flin's Acott/if thireo^ I very Altim{>t in vain to /f«w*# the Enemy's ApfeaTance*^ Begin at litft to itefend' thentfeSes-^^xcctttiiiri cf the Swivel-fiin—Fnuufs HtUfti in Hotnes—'Arra Kotker's Bravery — Defended by tk* tniliJ)j—-Cmrage of the Inemy-'Fitt- Ciiii'ii dejifcyed- ti* Stave on which the King of Artingall fits carried cVway, &c. &t. — Mr. Barker's FaU~-l attain Wilfm p»yi a Vift tn t'tjlranie Kufacks—His Retefititn-^Entertninitiei-l, &:,^ f^fl-Kaoi /Ires tf Uun—-Ui>if*vneHit ef tht ^nk—Ciftaiwt return to Orothns', c't, No.i. ' 4* ?H AS ..Hii! I'lm i'4 n '', 1 : If ■''-•riri %::$ ■f. ■ (1 1 66 ri»i«B*i -Pfii NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS* A the Antelope lUU kept together, tbc boats ere coDtinually yiStfng her, and fereral inatet.4ls of effential fervice were occafionally pre- Icrved, particularly phnks and fpike-nails< There were alfo fifteen bag* of rice recovered, which at ttu* time wa« very acceptable, for the men were not only undergoing the mod fatiguing work, but at this time were alfo obliged to put up with Oiort allowance. The King of PeleW fent ail apology tb Captain AVilfoD for not having paid him a vifit fince his lall conqueft, having been detained by the congra- tolationt of feveral iflands. whofe compliments he was obliged to receive. He alfo fent a quantity of yams, and ajar of molofles as a prefent. The progreftcf the new veflel was ftill rapid ; the plankiogof her was in great forwardnefs, and the men, ftimulated with the hope of foon treading on EngliQi ground, purfued their talk every day with freih rigour, and perfevered witli uncommon atH- duity. It is remarkable that whenever the Engtifli haul- ed the feine, they were always unfiiccelstui; yet the natives never failed in catching M\. Either the Englifli were not aware of the places where they were to be found in, or were ignorant of the proper bait. Prefents were contiaually coming from Pclcw. On the 28th of September Uaa Kook arrived at Oroolong with two chiefs of the neighbouring iflands in three canoes : they brought with them three jars tS moloffes, yams, cocoa-nuts, &c. At the time of their arrival the Englifh were jull going to prayers. The inhabitants of Pelew attended di- Irine fervice, and behaved with every due decorum ; Raa Kook baviag enjoined all his people toobfervc th« ftrideft filcnce. As foon as Captain WiWon had done reading, Raa Kook importuned him for iftecn men for the King, and the ufe of one of the fwiveUguas (which was ftill coveted), as Abba Thulle having colleAed all his new allies together^ ^as delirous to make the third expedition, and by avenging himfelf on all his enemies, render his viAory complete. At this time there having been fome things hinted to the captain through the ar- tifice of the Malay, whom the King kept at Pclew, as interpreter to aAft him in his converfation with the Englifl), and who imagining his intercft with the King was fomewhat abated unc; the arrival of the Englifli, artfully endeavoured (as before) to fow difcord between the partiM, and for this pur- pofe, lately intimated to Captain Wilfon fome mat- ters which he was in hopes would difpleafe him, and render both the Enghfli and natives mutually jealous; the captain therrtoreavailii'^ himfelf of this opportunity to bring matters to an ex| laaat ion, began with obferving the cool manner in which the King and his peopie departed on their laft expedition, and complained much of the cartridges, and one of the £ix-ponnders, that were then taken uuknowii to him, efpeclally the former, which was at prefent a fcarce article. He then mentioned the Malay's intimation, which was, that the King expeded the fame homage to he paid him by the Englifli as was by his own fuDJedbk This intelligence, he added, very much diflurocd his people, and he exprcflcd great aftonifhment at the King's feemino; inattention in fending home the Engliflimen who were before lent, witiiout any Kupacks to accompany them t the confcquence of which was, that his brother and another man were very near being drowned, and notwithftanding the exertions of the boat^icn, feveral articles loft. He then animadverted on the cruelty of putting their prifoncrs to death, which was quite cMtrary to Englifli principles, and to which he could never agree. Kaa Kook was exceedingly hurt at thefc com- plaints, his countenance ipokc his feelings, and aifuring the captain that he would Aatc the whole il truth, hoped it would be a fuflicient vindication. In refpeA to the paper and cartouch-boxes, it was apprehended that they had not fufficient ammuni- tion, which induced them to take more: that nH poffible means were taken to recover the paper which had been carried away from the fliip, but it being fo wet it^was thrown away by the natives as entirely ufelels. He added, that the white cloth which had been given to the King, Arra Kooker. and himfelf, was dill untouched, and (hould be returned for the purpofe of making cartridges. In refpedt to the Englifh being fent away without any chiefs, it was owing to Mr. Benger's htlle and anxiety) who, notwithflanding their entreaties, would not wait till other canoes were got ready. As to the fix-pounder, it was not t.iteii, but on>y borrinutd to gratify the curiofity of kveral ftrangcrs who had vilited the King, and whom the King wm unwilling to bring to Uroolong, for fear ol inter- rupting the Englifh in their bulinefs. He alfo de- clared chat it was the King's lalt injiindion, that this great gun fhould be imnicdiaiely re(urned. As to any homage being expected from the ling- lilli, it was quite contrary to the King's expediacions or notions, he never dcfired, he never would per- mit it ! 'iheir priloners they were under the difa- giccable ncceflicy of putting to death for their own periiinal lafeiy, as toinieily having elicapeil, they behaved (o treacherous as to do them great. miU chict: however, it was propofed by Uaa Kook that llicy flioutd II) future be furrendered to the Englifh, to do whatever they picafed with them. 'i'he captain lillened tothe chief with thcgreateft attention, and admiring his candour and fincerity, allured him he was pcrfrdly fatisficd with his de- claration, lie then departed to confult with his ofticcrs refpeding the King's rtqurff. They all deemed it expedient that thcciptaiu thould confcut to lend the fwivclgun and men \ only infiead i^H fifteen, they thought ten a fuflicient number, as the abfence of any pcrli)n at this critical time was of material confcquence. The captain immediately returned, and Uaa Kook was highly delighted with his compliance. They all f4t down to f'uppcr ia the greatell good-humour, and Kaa Kook's tw* friends being verv much fatigued, they retired tu reft in their veflel, it being obicrved by Kaa Ko<>k that the tcot was too fmall. In the morning Kaa Kook acquainted .the fur^ geon that his fun was wounded in the laU battle; part of the fpcar was broken in his foot, and he wanted Mr. Sharp to fee if he could cxtra^ it. A« it was much fwcllcd, the furgeoa advifed it to br conflantly fomented, and promif'ed to take tbc car- liefl opportunity of vifiting him. Mr. Sharp wuuid have accompanied him that evening, but three of his own people (who were tlui. hdl hands) were at this time dangeroufly ill. v Ten Engliflimen were appointed to attend Raa Kook on vhis third ex()edition, which w^i) intended to be of thegrcateft confcquence, as all the Unpacks of the adjoining iflands were to accofnpany "rhi King. Uaa Kook departed about noon, takiug the fwivel-gan and Englilhmcn with him, who Merc Meflrs. M. Wilfon, Cummin, John Blinch (the gunner, whofe prefence was deemed ncccflary in Older to manage the fwivel-gun), John Meal, James Swift, N. Tyackc, M. UUnchard, Thomas Whit- field, f homas Willbn, and Thomas Dulton. Mr. Devis alfo accompanied them as a volunteer. As the veflel hid been already planked up as high as the bends, they now began tu trench underher bottom, wiih a view to plank to the keel ; hpw- ever, tlie tide having in the beginning of the night rofe higher than ufual, broke into the trench, atid the blocks were very near being wafficdaway from under the veflel- This accident, which would cer- ainly have dclhoyed all their labours, was very fortunately difiiovred in time, and the people were all employed the blocks, and accoi was not efi'efted 1 Mt. Sharp's pal he went, agrecah of the captain, ii to Pelew for prtnr render any fervit The jolly-boat w: weather. She reto able intelligence o to the King being ai^ion, reported ti during which the wonderful refiflani was as niiial viAori the men till their h brought home the carried away by tl were reflored by 1 fnrgeon vifited Raa dcjedted cnuntenan flruments he had bi fpear that was in I cxprefTid a defire to fcnfible of bis hum fliake ofl' his grief, i couol'^nance, iotroc of chiefs who were t Mr. Sharp foon unc unneccflary: the yc having had the ip fwelliog fubfided, w this laft battle, whe body, of which he ir The day after Mr. who had joHied in th thegreateft fatisfaai they had met. I'his battle was bei others; bat as there ioterefling in the eot thofe particulars utl M. Wilfon. This lullows, io his own " When we came " canoei: vherewas " arrival; bat every •• to provoke the en( " we landed, aod *• fea-fliore. The K " give his occafional " the command of « to Raa Kook. Th " to land ; but as the " defend thcmrellrci, " aflift their friends. 1 " longing to the en« " with great judgme " the purpofe of^fix " which being direfl " was conflanriy play " were foon diflodge " covered the Pel^sw p " means one of their " iimes. The ^eop " thtir reiiftance, ita " fto^v?^ of IWirl, I " the briflt. firing of •• immediately diljierfi " fdly havedeflroyed " Kooker was the moft " ingfpirit: hcaftend " »nd perceiving one " down, concealed hin " pafTcd, and then purf " give him (bch a vi " Iword, as laid him " .*cn. -He was foith atj A NEW VOYAGE TO THE PE LE W I S LAN DS. 67 all employed the luccccding day to reinftate the blocks, and accomplifh the vefiet's iecnrity, which was not cffe&ed till the 2nd of OAober. Mf. Sharp^a patients having been now recovered, lie went, agreeable to hv. promife, and the deGre of the captain, in the jolly-boat, (which was fent to Pelew for provilions) in order to fee if he could render any icrvice to Raa Kook's wounded fon. The jolly-boat was detained four days by the bad weather. She retamed on the 6tii, with the agree- able intelligence of thofe men who had been lent to the King being fafe and well) after a fuccefsful action, reported to be the fevereft yet fought, and during which the inhabitants of Artingall made a wonderful refiftancct but that the King of Pclew was as Diual vidlorious, and had therefore detained the men till their feafling, &c. was over. Mr. Sharp brought home the fliip't coppers, which had been carried away by the natives from the wreck, and were reflored by the King's orders. When the furgeon vifited Ha»Kaofc, the chief met him with a dcjci^ed countenance. Mr. Sharp produced (he in- ilruments he had brought with him to extra^ the ipear that was in his Ton's foot, and confequently cxpreiTsd a defire to fee him > upon which the chief, fcnfible of his humanity, bowed, endeavoured to ihake oil' his grief, and refuming a more enlivened count'-nance, Introduced the turgenn to a number of chiefs who were there aflembled, and from whom Mr. Sharp foon underftood that his vifit was now unncccflary : the youth, who was about eighteen, having had the tpear at laft extracted, when the fwcUiog fubfided, was determined on being one in this Ian battle, wherein he received a dart in bis body, of wbidi he immediately died. The day after Mr. Sharp's arrival, the 1 1 Englifh who bad jokicd in this battle returned, and telU&cd tbegreateft fatisfadioo with the reception which they had met. This battle was be|[un in the fame manner as the others ; bat as there is fomethiny both novel and iotcreftinfit ifl the eonclufion, 1^ fliall here fubjoin thofe particulars utbejr have been related by Mr. M. Wilfon. This gentleman'i information is as iullows, in his own words; •< When we came to Artingall, we could fee no x canoes: vhcre was notice given repeatedly of nur •' arrival; bat tvery attempt Was at prefknt in vain, •* to provoke the enemy^i appeartiflce. Upon this •• wc landed, and advaoc^ a little way from the •' fea-fliare. The King retaaincd in his canoe, to " give his occafictnal oixlen tp thtfrijrate nncs; and '• the commtod of the troops was now fubmitted ■* to Kaa Kook. The EngKUi were entreated not *• to land ; but as they faw the enemy beginning to ■• defend theniCelVcs, tiieV- tumped npcm fhorc to " affift their friends, and bcueged feveral huts be- " longing to the enemy. The natives had prepared <* with great ju^ NJiW CDULECiTtOftl of VOYAGES Auo TRAVELS. « 1 ill i III 1 IH ii i 1 fo called) y* liich wa« the rc(idei»ce «( thofc Rupacks ; but Qui Bill, fjiu Kiuji'i fan, wm enjoined to Mait lor the- captain, and U? conducl hint to this gfeat ifland. Cipt. .VVilibn.Wng bowcvtr much indif- pofed, brgged ieavciiodecliac the journey till the next day. ,■ Early the next nwimng the/ embarked in Raa Kook'« canoej who on this occulion totiiic with him ivvo of his wives ; and nbctttt i noon they apprOaohed the mouth ot a rivulet, uhtich ran ilp into the iiland of Emutigii' Raa Kook's canoe vjs oow adorned with liielU, ar.d notice given of his arrival by founding his conch. They were frequently in'danger of being aground in gi'tting into tins rivulet, wbich wa« b«ith narrow and Ihallow. I'his the natives fccmcd much to dread, and took all polllble meant of avoiding, having frccjucntly gpt put of the canoe in order to track it. When they had advanced about a n)ilc up the creek, they caipe in fight of fome huts. The conch-lhell vva» again founded, upon which three or four young men appeared ; but upon feeing the Englilh, Were foaUrpted, thfil they immediately re- treated. Tvto of Kaa Kook's attcndafits were con> fequently ordered to go up fo the huts, which they did, and Oiortly after returned with a piece of board, on which Capt. Wilfon was fcatcd, and carried to ihorc. At thi» t^mc the canoe was a-groundi and Raa Kook accordingly ualkec) at his fide, and con- ducted the c>iptain ;p a Urge hut, round which there Uas a great throng of natives, who had alTemblcd for the fake of feeing thcfc white men, who had gained them the battk. In order to gratify their cunolity, they ij^ade a Upy hefc of about half an hour, and thence went the (fidance of a quarter of a mile, where they found the King and the Rupacks in a large public building-. Abba Thulle made flgns to the captain to lit liown : here they rernained for about two hours. From this they went to the habi- tation of th: Rupack of the town, who was a vcnc- rjblc chief, unable to walk. They remained here ibrhalf an hour, and paitookofrcfrefhments, which Uere laid upon a low lablp. After this they returned to the gicat Jioufe, where other rcfreihmcnts were prepared. A nunibcr of men and women then danced j during which the latter made a moft hi- deous noife. Two butlers fervcd the funper. It is worthy obfervation, that none of the Kupacks, or others, otl'ered to cat till the King gave his per- mtdion ; nor did any of them iiedown to flcep, till he was tird covered with h^ mat. The dancing continued the ^vholc night, which prevented the Engliflj from enjoying much reft. Among the entertainments of the. next day, there was alio a mock-fight, and a v»'arlike dance, with fpears in their hands ; in thcwurfe of which the chief of the band brought four iarge fpears, and prcfented them at dilTcrent tiriics to Lantain Willon ; alfo a curious fword, inlaid with lliclls : the delivery of each was preceded by/ome fliort fpccch ; after which the donor refiimcd his |)lacc in the dance. Thi» enter- tainment ladled .tbj" an hour, j r, Th'c«;ap{a>n having now perceived fotnc hunwn Ikulli', which were phced over the outfide of the doois at the ends of the great houfe, wai curioiis to Know bv what nteans they were there; and having dcfired Rofc ttf enquire, of Raa Kook, wa> informed that a little wfiile a^o, during the abfetice of the fiijpcrior Rupacks and chiefs ofEmungs, who had d'cpaited on fome particular occalion to another ifland, and had taken with them a confidcrabic number of the inhabitants, a parly of the enemy had fccretly entered their town, and deftroyed fcvc- ral of the people, (who had not time toclcape into tiK woods) and afterwards fet their dwellings on fire. The King, Abba Thulle, vhen informed of this treachery, without lots of time aflcmbled all his canoes and warriors, and before thefe fpies had time tg effctll thpir cfcapc tlic^^wcre uncxpeiledly fur- rounded by the King's forces, who attacked them with fu«h vehemence, that fcvcral were kilie«l, others having taken to flight, fome into the woods, and fome in their Canoes : very fey^'ltawcver, 'cf- caped. At abopt this critical periodv tl« Rupacks who bad becnabfent with their conpany, returned to Emungs, and affiftutg the attack, it was renewed with frefli vigour, while the Aaingall people loii all their chiefs, whofe head* were thtw expofcd as an cx^mjite tg Hli triacheram enemies. During Captain Wilfon'a ftay, there was conti- nual dancing Mid imerrimcnt. On the lath, the captain having lignified his dcfire of returning to Oroolong, the conth-flieii was.fo»»nded early in tho morning,! and the canoiesi.we^t immediately pre- pared. Prtvjogs 10 tlieift departure tbcy ncFoaii allLmbkd in the great.hpitfe, and Rjtt Kook hcintf dchroui of lirmg a gui»,,v«fs ««cordingl/ indulged in his requeO. biij nofiaware trtthe lliock that; would enfue, he held the mufquctiiifiich a loofe meaner, that upoia being. difshnrgedu^itviiwie with groat vwl lencc agamrt hi» flifiMWeriluppft which, he not only dropt the muiiiu^ ^^-fcjllhrnfitif upon his back. This cieatcd unive/ialaflwiifiMHKiU, nor could Raa Kook imagine how the Englifli cmild fire their guns with fuch calie aod facility, when he was neither able to llatul «ijr. hold oqic y* ben difcharged. Some little, time a/tsr thi» *h»yf-«wJ»rfc«d, .and it beini; alnioft high wmcrj, palledii;h«:,t(i|etk with eaifc i ono ot the Rupavi*M'h«i,v»4rd,'noiiMook leave of hia friends, and <^»j|»ed way aooUt nine canoes in his train. The Jung and his trail (which were about forty canoej^) retuMjctl (q (jbe fouthward There being a vit^lent £qh41 . of ./w;«d.,afr<3ut lea o'clock, attendefj H'jih thtii)dS!«i»nw HiOi.ifMMwK • Doling the thunder, Raa.lyMjij.'* <¥(o wivqsiwhq KCompa- nied the captain. Teemed n»j^j»larn)ed.,»iWI between every Hafli.^f Lghiping hid.^ir laces ^nUtt hn boot-cloak, , «b«Hfe,ihF^ fWfMrc^ lw>«l>i»»,Ap« pofed to havc.bceii,*, W-W}¥:."f.pj*i»*i«iioi>.'a;Kfl.i Kook covered, W^wiyi^is (iiajto >h« tMather ftiU continuing.. Wi,ajip^ 'Jr.M' Ihottt As foon as they were laadeigt.ihe ■y«Mt-menvti>ok,i»o Bicces of wood, and riJj^n^jJxm with mMckvw. knee together It.md^.^ififfljWMh icn^kabl* b-x. peditfon. _yVhcA4hfi.f4W !>»;», gone fcl)cj. wrivcJ- where the K^ng wfi,, ifti}) had ^ dina«r.»f hoikil. fiQi prepared,- <9i.ic^»haf,.l^kc. ipulki. At •n< o'.^'ock they all laftdsd i^t ^n ifland cajjcd Awnw- Iqrgoo, where they had i refrcilunejiu, aiul were en- tertained with another warliiif rii>fl*-c. Having ie- embarked they canfie lq.a|n(«hM,-pl«ce.(C(»llfdIinul-' Icgue : this was a large maIy,,-fltu|^ed ^b9Uf;:«| fiyla from the fea-(horCf. at^4 HPPcawt <«,W » AiAniii government, a» the thi/cP,flf jtbc Uhrjd, wliojuas a. jolly-looking old Rupack, W9« pa|4 cv? ry l^ifKl t'i- refpei.'l a|id attention... /^. (ptvpj^\ invituion, ^jmio. from him M our caqocs, fi>d«if company fo%ig:d. to land :,, WO, King, )i9>vcv(^».,deqliiicd gping on- fl)orc, bu{ wa? w»rung, ):l)at,<;yery on^ eiie fliouAd, Thcv were treated hef^yith mci, .lkpf^\\ty a)ii. kindnefs, iav^tcd to li;j(fr(il houics where tlMjr«' were broiled pigeons jprpflajred, and an fntcrtfiiju mcnt of dancing. It bieing' dark when they hoi. returning to their tanofs, tlicy wcte attended Ij- tlic people with lighted torches in their han^s. wli* aflifted them with fbpjgicMcft civiljity qvcr ill th* uneven paths. ,, „. , .^i.i., ' The captain and hispa^-ty arrived « Pclcw about ten o'cloc'k, but as the K»^'« canoe had not yc» come in, aofie of the, people ,wt«mpt6d Xf» go on. fhorc, or remove ceremony was eve* however, Raa Koo Englifli were exc however the capti of compliment to houfe at the water- A council was heic the fuperior Rup; and the next day, the captain if he v once more with li ftrvcd, that he coi Mi;h propriety till at Oroolong, for bi men were fi( k, and worfe, or others inc would be totally in men permitted, thi The Cod and Iwo C, liuff — He accompa Neivi from j^rling Diiufijfter, and a Ki'ip'i H'kei — Ett^ — Makes a Requeji —King retires — li Motive of the Invit Iirejl;fiill—j1rf im Rtia "kook'i Indii it — A;»^ returns to end Fttmi/e — iicna li'.ok — h'lH'^'s Gralt tf anold liup.itli, ci for the Expedition- much Difquietttde — . fue for Peace— The the King—PrnN)fal ccption —Defcnpticn l'> — Their defperaie Veffel ready to Charaijer of Roje, ON the 15th of Chincfc, «cre nun )cr of ftnjifs u i men' w,'is lallcil a cc majority, according at the captain's rcqii cook had frequently Chinefe and he we printing limie of cac Has boiled to their o had wounded one of with a (lone. As this dcfcrvcd due chaftife ordered to be ftripp( Raa Kook, who was p cerncd at the f rcpara pivenefs ; but i'..i nec< firved, hi. readily af even waitM io ic it inHit'tcd wt , t;;r think it of ft.'^iti hughed hcartilv at Chinefe, when tliey we K la Kook had accot in tilt jolly-boat to the three cinocH arrived of which was a woma at Oroolong : (lie I greatcft attention and t No, 6. ror :on ^r... A NEW VOYAGE to the PELEW ISLANDS. 69 fhorc, or remove any thing from the boats. This ceremony was even obferved by the King's brothers; however, Raa Kook informed the captain that the Englifti were exempt from all their regulations: however the captain ftill retained his place, out of compliment to the King. They repaired to the houfc at the water-lidc, where they fpent the night. A council was held by the King, his brothers, and the fupcrior Rupatks, before they went to flccp -, and the next day, before lueakfaft, the King alked the captain if he were wiling to let the Englilli go once more with him to battle? The captain ob- ferved, that he could not give a pofuivc anfwer vi'.h propriety till he had confulted his own people at Oroolong, for before his departure fcveral of his men were U< k, and if on his return they fliould be worfc, or others indifpofcd, a com()lianccat prefcnt would be totally impodlblc; but if the health of his men permitted, the/ IhouKl attend him with the grcateft plcafurc. The King was perfcdily fitisfied with this reply, and enquired why the jolly-boat was not oftcner fcnt to Pclew for rtfrcnimcnts. In an- fwtr to this, thccaptiin obferved, that they were oblige! to fink their other boat at the head of the Rclici, in making a bank to keep off the tide, and confequently the jcily-boat being their only one at prefeni, llie could not be fo conveniently fpared. This day (the 13th) the weather becoming clear, the Englifli, accompan; d with Kaa Kook, left Pclew at eleven, and arrived about four o'clock in the afternoon at Oroolong. The captain was very happy to find, on his re- turn, the great advancement of the new vefTcl ; alfo the recovery of Mr. Barker alter his fall, who was now able to walk about. Ilaa Knok remained at Oroolong, but fe-nt away the canoes that accompa- nied him, for fear the number ul inhabitants might impede I'nc Enj^Ii.Ti in their work. C H A P T E R VI. The Cook and tvio Chintfe fumjkcA « \lh a Cobbing — Tljtir Crimes— Defcripthn of a Cobbin^^-~-Raa Keek's Con- duff — He accomtianies the Englijh to the Wreck — A female Natii'e li/its Orcohnf^—Uer Curicjity — Departure — Nnvs from ytrtmp^att — Propofals of Peace — Raa K-ck's Satiifadion — /i/wij vifits Oroolong — Brings his yciingejl Daughter, and a Company cf Women— One of them remarkable for her Beauty, ire. — Proves to be cue tf'the Ki"p's li'ives — Englijb attentive to her — T'l' King imputes all his Vidcries to the Englijh — Curfory Obfa\ition.f — Makes a Reijuejl — TheCaptain partly compiler— The King's Satitfaflion — Further Qbjhvaticns of the Captain —Kin^ retires — lieafin — Sends the Captain an Invitation ficm the Watering-place — His Acceptance cf it- Motive of the Invitation — King tljit! the Wreck — Captain Wil/on invites three of the Artlngail Inhabitant! to Bre.ilcfi/l—jl't introduced by Raa Kook — Their /Ijlcnijlme'^l. Behaviour, &c, — Pre/enis of Fifli from the KIr.g ■Ilaa }iook's Indtl'pofiticn — Capt. Wilfon and Surgeon Sharp vijlt him — A Boil on his Arm — The Surgeon drefet it— King returns to Pelexv — Is accompanied with Mr. Devis and the Engli^fli Interpreter — The King's RequeJ?, end Pitmlfe— Sends paint for the Veffel — Proarefs of the Relief — 'burgeon Sh.irp gi:es to Pelew to vifit Raa ji,,ok — King's Gratitude for their Alleniion — Vlftt from ten Canoes — Their Conduct and Familiarity— Behavuur if an old Rt'P'ickf &c.— Arrival of feieral Canoe: — Return of Mr. Devis — Intelligence — Names ' '' •/,• appointed for the Fxpeditioii'— Arrival of the King— Ills ileparture ':gtijh—A trenu lous S'tor„i — Occa/ion of much Difquiitude — Arrivalof the Unpack Arra /.t«k — His Information — Ao Engagement — Inhabitants of Pelelew fue for Peace — The Chiefs warm Reception — Arrival cf John Duncan — The Peace concluded — A MeJ/a^e frcm the King — Pr/ifiofal to the Englljh to vifit Pelelew Ijland — Their Acceptance, and previous Caution — their Re- ception —Defcnptltn of the Ijland — Return to Oroolong, &c. — Names of the I/lands whenc 'be Canoes came from I'uii juined the King — Raa Kotk'i abrupt Departure — Strgeon Sharp, He. go to Pelew — Returns with a Prefent y*' larches, &c- — His Information — Defcriptitn of the King of Pelelew — MeJJ'age to the EngliJIt from Abba Thulle —The En^liJh entertain Siifpieions in ionjequence thereof— The Captain's Arguments to remove tl em — Inefieflual — Their defperale Intent! "t — Fears partly removed — Mr. Sharp, ti'c. dlfpdt(>'cd ivith a Meffage to the^K"t(<— Yejfe! ready to he laumud — An exu aerdlnary Propofal from Rlanchard — PerJIJls therein— His CharaCler— Cbarailer of Roje, &c. ON the 15th of CXko ■ the cook, >nd two Chincfc, wtrcordciOi receive a j "iciilar nun >crof f^ripcs uitli a hattlei -ic, (which ( .inilii- mcir «fis e ailed a coibit)^). Th. was decreed by a nuiority, according tu the manner that punillimrnts, at the eaptain'n rcqucft, <*»if. HiaKook had accompanied a party of the Englifli in the jolly-boat to the wreck : during their abfcnce three canoM arrived at the watering-place, in one of which was a woman, the Rrft that was ever feen at Oroolong : flie beheld cver^ thing with the grcateft attention and furiirifc, particularly the new No. 6. ""■-" vefTel, the cook's kitchen, and the fmith's fliop. The men waited in their canoes til! fliehad fatisficd her cm "lity, which fcemcd to get the better of her timidit) for though the approached every place with the greateft caution, flie (ould not refrain from clofcly examining it. She walked about for fome fhort time, and then returned to her canoe. On account of the abfcnce of Raa Kook, the linr-iifh CO (i never leani who Ihc was. As none ot'^the nie who accompanied her were ever feen at Pelew it was fuppofed they came from tinillcguc. News was Hifpatched to Uaa Kook and the Eng- lifh, that theihict minifterof Artingall had arrived at Pclew with propofals of peace: this intelligence gave Raa Kook great fatisfadion. On the 17th the King paid a viftt to Oroolong: he brought with him his youngeft daughter, Erre Befi J who was attended with eight - r nine women. Prefcnts of yams, cocoa-nuts, fweetn rs, &c. were brought as uAial. The King's daug r appeared to be about nine years of age: her U .er led her by the hand on ftioic, and appeared to he pallion- atcly fond of her. Raa Kook attended ie other females, and introduced them to the Eng 'h : one of thefe was remarkable for the graceful ma- ler of her walking; (he was young, and fupcrior to a ' the reft for elegance nnd beauty: in fliorf, herappc -. ance made fuch an imprelflon on the Englifli, ii_ they could not refrain from enquiring who fhc wTs • S They mi ! ii ill ! MM W' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^O ^ **% f/. 1.0 I.I mm 111 Iti 140 ||L25 III U j^ < 6" ► ^% <^ 7] / Photographic Sciences Corporation li wit* MAIN ^TMIT w;iflt«n«,N.Y. I4SS0 (r«*)l72-4S03 '^%^- V.^' ^7^ X 4i; J NEW COLLECTION op VOYAGES and TRAVELS. J2_ They were informed by Raa Kook that her name was Ludce, and ihe was one of the King's wives. The Englifli were very afliduous in fliowing her every thinj; worthy of her obfervation, and flie tcf- tified the fame degree of furprife and delight as did the reft of the natives on their firft iiurodu(flion. By command of the captain, a canvafs was fpread in the cove for the King, the chief, his brother, and the ladies. A dilh of fiih was laid before them, and fomc boiled rice, which was fweetened with moloffes, and was very much relifhed by the King and his party. The King now informed the captain that he was at peace with inoft of his neighbours, but thai he looked upon bimfclf as entirely indebted to the Englifli guns for that happincfs. He was however apprchenfivc that on the departure of the Englilh, thcfe people knowing his defenders were gone, might be tempted to renew their hoftilitics, and become troublefome. He therefore requellcd the captain would, before he embarked in his new veflel, leave him ten guns and a fmall quantity of powder (it being all that he would alk of him), that he might be able to defend his fubjefts from any future attacks. The captain expatiated much upon their fcarcity of mufquets, obferving that the Englilh were at that time at war with feveral na- tions, and confcqucntly they were in danger of being attacked by fomc of their enemies on their pallhgc home. He was afraid that it would not be in his power to fpare ten mufquets, but that at all events he would leave his majcfty five, upon their taking leave. The King was pcrfcdHy fatisiied with this reply, and the captain further obfervcd, that if any of his ncijjhbours ftiould attempt a re- ncwal of their hoftilities, he was Melcome to fay, " that the Iingli(h, mindful of the generofity of " the King of Pelew and his fubjecls, arc dcter- «' mined if any infult be ottered to them during «' their abfcnce, to return again to this illand with " a greater number of men and mufquets, in a " much larger vcHcl, and totally dcllroy fuch enc- «• niics and their iflands." After this, the King retired with his retinue to the back of the illand, for he was unwilling that the Englilh Ihould be in- commoded by the ni'mber of his attendants, or that through him thq progrefs of their veflel iliould be retarded. However, ne was not long at this water- ing-place before he wiflied for the captain's com- pany : accordingly he fent him .in invitation, which the captain accepted, and took with him MeflVs. Sharp and Devis : the chief rcafon that the captain was fent for, was to give him a ftiare of fomc fine fi(h that had been caught. 1 hey ftaid with the King till fun-fet, uhcii by his own delirc, lor fear of their being bcnighitd, the three gentlemen took leave of him. The next day the King vilited the wreck, and left five or lix canoes with the women at the vvatci ing-placc: fomc tea was fent to the King, from the captain, by the time he returned to lliorc. At this time there "cic three of the Artingall inha- bitants Willi the King ^as they were now on the moll amicable terms)! tlicfc were invited by Cap- lain Wilfon to breakfaft with him. ihcy came accompanied by Raa Kook who introduced them : they appeared alloniflied at every thing they faw, und when (liewn the mulijuets, fix-poundcr, &e. they fccmcd to dcfcribc by very cxpreinve ligns what numbers of their countrymen thcfe weapons had dcdroyed : they did not however betray the icall rcfentmenr, but on the contrary Ihook hands with the Knglilh as if they had always been tricnds. Prefcnts of U(h ucu vuntinually fent to the captain from the King, which were very acceptable, as the ■Lnglilh were not only UDiUccclsful in fiftiing, but pt this time they were upon lliort allowance. 'J'hc next day l^aa Kook was fo ill that he could ;int come to bn akfait. Captain Wilfon and Surueon iiharp went to the watering-place to fee him : there ytu » large buil oa hu arm, which the furgeon fomented and drelTcd : in confequencc of the pain thereof he was very feverifti ; however, in the even- ing he was was much better. The King feemcd greatly concerned for his brother, and was exceed- ingly thankful to Surgeon Sharp for his attention to nim. The next day (Odober 21) the King fixed on his return to Pelew, and requeftcd the company of Thomas Rofe and another Englilhman : this the captain readily granted, and Mr. Devis was ap- pointed to go with the interpreter. The King fur- ther rcqueflcd that the Englifli would give him due notice of their departure, as it was his wifli to fend two of his people with them to England. He like- wife piomifed to fend them colours to paint their new veflel. Raa Kook, on account of his indifpoli- tion, was much prcfled by the captain and fuigton to (lay at Oroolong till he was perfcdiy recovered, but he faid that his prcfcnce w.is abfolutcly neccflary at Pclcw, which led the Englifli to imagine that 4 council of fomc confequencc was to be held. He promifcd however that his return fliould be fpcedy. The paint which the King had promifcd, was fent by the jolly-boat the next day : it confilkd of red and yellow ochre. After enjoining the boat, men to take care of the bafkets for fear they might get wet, he delired them to infi)rm the captain that he would Ihortly return to Oroolong, and bring fome men with him to aifift in painting the vcflll. The caulking of the bottom of the vcilcl was novf completed, and alfo the planking of the topfides ; after this her upper works were immediately caulk- ed, and the Heps fixed for the malls. On the 24th the jolly-boat was lent to Pelew with Surgeon Sharp, in order to vilit Raa Kook and fee how his arm was. It was alfo intended that Mcfl'. Devis and Kofe Ihould return in the boat: however as Mr. Devis wiflied to remain till the King went againft Pelclew, that being the ifland which was at prefcntat variance with AbbaThulIc, Mr. Sharp returned the next day without him. Raa Kook'j arm was much better, though it was roughly handled by one of the Pclcw furgcons. Mr. Sharp, after drefling the wound, left him fomc other dreflinus, with proper directions to be ufid occafionally. 'Ilie King was fo highly pleafcd with the attention that was Ihevvn his brother, that he loaded the boat with yams and fwectmcats: he alfo fent five voung wild ducks that were juft fledged, and which were the only ones that the Englifli ever faw in thefe iflands. The caulking of the outlide of the veflel was now finiflied, and on the 26th her bottom was brean.cd : they purfucd their labour with great fj)irits, and every week their progrefs was conflderable. Ten canoes came into the harbour to-day. It was fup. pofcd at firft that thev were enemies to the Kingt however, they provea the contrary, as they were going to join Abba Thulle on his cx^iedition. They were very courteous to the Englifli, and prefentcd them with yams of a difl'ercnt kind to any yet fern: they were in return trr.tted with flicrbet, and every thing that was imagined might picafe, acke, M. Blanchard, James Swift, T. Whitfield, John Dun- can, Thomas Dultoii, William Steward, and Wil- liam Roberts. Thty accordingly prepared them- ftlvcs (or the King's coming, who arrived .it CJroo- long about four o'clock in the afternoon. The Englidi having embarked in feparatc canoes, now departed with three cheers. 1 he two fuccceding days introduced very heavy weather, there was much thunder, 'ightning, and rain ; and the tremendous ftorm wh. h took place ■ on the 29th occafioned great difquietude among the Englirti, wh6 began now to be alarmed for the fafcty of their abfent countrvmen. On the joih the rain abated \ there was noiwiihftanding a fmart breeze from S. E. and the weather iHll remained cloudy. A canoe or two were fecn to-day ; at midnight, the weather having become very line, a canoe was perceived near the harbour, it was hailed by the guard, and the people therein n:. plied fajj/i-w J periniHion was accordingly granted for its entrance into the cove. The kupack Arra Zook was in this, who informed the Englilh that there was no engagement at Pclekw, as on Abba Thiilk's approach ihc inhabit.mts all laid down their fpears and fued (or peace : this cliid met with a very warm reception from the liiiglilh, buih lor his good newM, and as he was a favourite with the captain and Mr. Sharp. The next day another canoe brought word that the fleet was on their re- turn ; a fliort while after two others arrived with )ohn Duncan, who confirmed the news of the peace, which had been concluded by Arra Kooker, who for that piirpofe went to Pekk-w. A mellagc came to the Kngliih from the King ihat if any of them were dcfiroiis to fee the iflaiid of Felclew Arra Kooker fliould accomjiany them there. It was for fonie time a matter of furprifc why neither the King himfelf or Kaa Kook ottered to cfcort them there 1 but on « future explanation it was made known that the honour and condclcenfion would be too great if either the king or the chief, who was next in rank, were to pay the ifland a vilit. This being underftood, fcvcral of the Englilh were de- lirntis to vilit thii ifland j but they had itgrecd in private to take with them their arms, nor upon any occafion to feparate when they landed, for »i:ar there might be fome deception intended, and that they might be furpriled, notwithflaiiding the lon- firmatioii of the peace, by thefe ftrangcrs. T hey were accompanied by fcvcral of the Pelew inhabi- laiiti, and their reception at Pelclew befpoke the ucople to be more friends than enemies. This illand is defended by a ftonc wall about ten or twelve feet high, with a foot-bonk of (lone behind t the water near the fliorr is lb ihallow that no canoes tan get in except at high-water. It it a very plea- fant ifland 1 the land, which ii fuppofed to be krtile, is more level than hilly. The Englifli pro- t ceded from this to I'elew, where they foiinci the kings of Felew and Pelclew on the irtoft friendly footing. Kiia Kook and a number of canoci came with the Fnglifli to (9r(M)long, Abbe 'Ihulle, with the king oll*elelew, having gone to his own ifland, which was called Cooroora, of which Pclew waa the capital. The fcveral canoci which had prei>arcd to uttend the King in thii lall expedition came iront Emungs, a Aramalorgoo, Emilleguc, Arraguy, Cooroora, Ca- ragaba, Pethoull, and Oroolong, called the Englifli- mcn's ifland. Raa Kook's departure from the Englifli was at this time very abrupt, but he plead- ed urgent bulinefs at Pelew. Surgeon Sharp and tour Engliftimen went in the jolly-boat in the evening to congratulate the King on the good news of the peace, and alfo to bring home fome torches which Kaa Kook had promifcd, and which the Englifli were v< ry defiroiis of, in order to referve their candles fjr their voyage. Their flay was about two days 1 they returned in the evening, while the people were at prayers, with the torches, fweetmeats, &c. &c. Mr. Sharp reported that there were great feaftiiigs and rejoicings at Pelew, and that the Rupack of Pelckw was flill there. The king ofPckkw, he obferved, was ar, elderly man, and rough in his manners ; his hair was grey, and he wore his beard like a Jew; he was alfo tat- tooed up to the navel. Mr. Sharp alfo obferved that he was comniiflloned by Abba Thullc, the King, to fay he would in the courlc of four days pay the Englilh a vi)it, jn order to paint the vcflel, and that he would flay with them till their depar- ture, w hich every one hoped would be foon, as the Relief was in great forwardnefs. It has been generally remarked that whenever the mind is agitated, wiih expectation, it is fulceptiblcof the Icaflalarmi there never wasaflrongerinlhinceof this than at prcfent. Tlie Englilh, who were now elate w ith the hope of foon reaching their native land, were flruck with apprehcnlion at the Icafl thing that flartcd, even the moll dillant idea of impeding their courfe j accordingly this niifl'aj,;*; received from the King was produClive of much uneaiinefs — their fufpicions were immediately awakened, and they began to think that the King and his party enter- tained a notion of preventing their departure (on account of their great utility to them), by violently taking polkiriii;i of their new vcflel, and feizing their arms. Ciptain Wilfon endeavoured all in his power to remove thofc idle apprehenlions, and pointed out tiie improbability that thofc people, who have been hitherto lo noble, fo generous, and lin- cere, fliould be on a fiuldcn fo cruel, fo treacherous, and attl'ul: there never, he remarked, was a real caufe for iniflrufl, and he was very forry to find that his men fliould now give way to any 1 he there- fore urged them, for their own fakes, to Ihake off thole (ears, nor to let thofc who have been all along their friends, and who they are fooliflily afraid will be on a fuddcn their enemies, perceive thofc ful'' piciuns, kit, when acquainted with the caufe, they might entertain notio.is they would not otherwile have thought of, and, perhaps, tempt them to rea-* lizc the danger which he was very furc h as now quite diflant from their ideas : thus by their own iiidif- crction they might occalion what ntherwife would nevir have occurred. The captain alfo expatiated upon the folly of their reliltancc, if any fuch delign was in agitation, for even when the veflcl was launched the natives could hinder their departure, by depriving them of the fpring of frelh water* which nu.fl of courfe put a termination to all their hopes I and if they were to aflemble in the illand' with any fuch hoflilc intention, the Englifli mult know that their nmmunitinn would foon be ex- pended, and that it would be impoflible for them to fupport a conteft of any duration. The cap- tain, though he cxprelFcd himfelf according to the di^latcs ot reafon and prudence, found all his argu- ments at prefcnt inello^tunl ; his men flill retained their fears, and could not be {Krfuaded but thnC the natives really intended to detain them. Thefe fufpicions were very much incrcafcd by the appear- ance of two canoes near the harbour, neitner of which came in : this circumflance was unufual, it fcemed fufficient to corroborate their fears. The fwtvels and fix-pounder were now loaded with grape-fliot, and a ftri(^ watch appointed to prcvcnc an/ r. % % U i.'ii 1 m 'IHW-^WWMI 7a NEW COLLECTION OF VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. any fudden attack. A long confultation was alfo held, when it was refol"ed that every one (hould ftill continue to be vigilant, that ill the fmall arms flioiild be charged with ball, and all the cartouch- boxes tilled with loaded cartridges : it was however further refolvcd that every man lliould difguiTe his fentiments before the natives, nor betray the lead apprthcnlion of any fuch delign, except an uniifual number of canoes Ihould be feen entering the bay, or any of the natives come with fpears : that in fuch cafe every man was then at liberty to ufc whatever means his prudence might fuggell in his own de- fence. Thcfc refolutions were alfo fuccecded with a determination Hill more defpcrate : it was in- tended if there appealed the leaft inclination to de- tain them to facrifice the King, the noble, generous Abba Thulle, and his brave benevolent brothers, with all the reft of the chiefs, in order to occafion general confulion ! Thus were the nice feelings of honour deilroyed by that perturbation which was occafioned by the hope of being fcon delivered, and the dread of being for ever detained ! Happy it is that their fears were not encreafed by fome fccming corroboration that might have tempted ilicm to put their wild refolvc into execution, and bring an cvcrlalling dilgrace upon tneir name ! Previous to this they had conlidercd on the bcft method of launching the Relief, as this indeed was tluir chief'c'ft concern; for fliould any accident have happtnid to the new veflel during this operation, it would have been imjwflibic for them to renew their labour, as their tools were now worn out, and all the materials that could begot were already pro- cured Irom tl t wreck. It was therefore agreed to lay ways; and as the veflll was nearly finiflied, they proceeded to cut down trees for the blocks and launching-ways. Though the captain's arguments to remove the fears of his countrymen had not their due weight at firll, yet when the people began to confider (erioudy, they were loon convinced of their force, and fortu- nately indeed the defperatc refolves of a moment were but momentary! cool reflexions weakened their apprchenlions, and the next day th^^ Englilh and natives met with their ufual gaiety and fricndfliip. Surgeon Sharp, and Mr. M. Wilfon were commif- llonrd by the captain to inform the King, that the Knplifli were in hopes of failing in about a week. There was a letter, which .Mr. Snarp was dcfired to read in the prefcncc of the twp interpreters, who were to explain it to the King { the contents of which fignified, that the Englifl) hoped for the honour of feeing the King and his chiefs before their departure, that they might return them pcr- fonal thanks for all their kind favours, and afiurc them that as foon as they reached their own country they would make a public ackrtowledgmeiit ot their fervices and protedlion : the tools and the mufqucts (which theKmgwiflied to have) were alfo promifed to be delivered to him immediately after the vcflel was launched. While the captain was thus inftruding his brother and the furgcon, one of the fcamcn, M. Blanchard (who had accompanied the natives in every expedi- tion) dcfired the King might alfo be informed, that it was his intention to ftay behind, and remain with his fiihjerts at Pclcw. It fccms this man was fo delighted with the inhabitants, and their manners, that he often declared to his companions his intcn> tion of making the place his refidcnce: it was his wifli, he faid, to partake of all the prefent labour of the Knglilh, and for that pur{)ofe he would chear- fully amfl in the building of the new vellel, but on their departure he would bid them for ever farewcl! ! Blanchard, however, was fuppofed at this time to be jelling, though he never once varied in his lain;uaj;e: however, upon his application to the captain at this critital juncture, he was found to be ferious. The c-ptain ufed every argument in his power todif- fuade him from his purpofe; but his rcfulution was unalterable. Capt. \Vilfon alfo dcfired his ccim);u nirtns to ufc their influence with him, and if poflibic make him change his intentions : but the men, alter work, acquainted the captain that all their entreaties were unavailing, and that he was ferioufly deter- mined to (lay with the natives. iJlanchard was a man of a Angular ch.iraflcr: he was about twenty year's of age, and notwitli- ftaiuling he was inclined to gravity, yet pofTellcd of a confidrrabic (hare of dry humour. It was well known that he had formed no particular attach- ment on the ifland, which rendered the circum- flance of his determined flay the more remarkable. He was univerfally beloved, being good-tempered, inolVenlive, and ever rcidy to oblige. It is to be regretted, that he did not know how to read or write, as he might have been able to have taught the natives. The captain, in hopes that Blanchard would flill be ddFuailcd from his defign, defiied Uofe (w! was to accompany MelT. Wiiion and Sharp) to take no notice of his prop«)fal as yet to the King. 'liie captain wifely intended, if Blanchard pcrlillcd in his determination, to make it appear to the King as a great favour. The gentlemen departed about ten o'clock, with Tho. Rofc, their interpreter. This man » as poiTcircd of a great fund of pUafantry and humour, and as he had the happy means of pleafing the natives, became a general favourite among them. He was very much eftcemed by the captain, fur his remarkable attention, fidelity, and treatabilities. CHAPTER VII. Reliirn of the Pintiaee with the King, Erre B^fs, Ria Kn*k, Wr Ahba TbuUt't Sathfaftitn at the Kind's I^l/rr— The Malay' J artful Remark— Rta Kook't fev:re Reiuke—Tbe Hih^'i hdignaiim-^TeoIs diflrituled by ibe Kitig— A Mf/fengcr to the Xing'- Purport tbereoj — King's Mode y Reply — the Reafin why the King, Ue. came in ihe Pinitiici'—Tbe Boat promifed to the King— The Naliva paint the Veffel-'PrfparaiiOMi fw laMuehiiig ber — Meffhge /» tie Cn pi am from ibe Kmg—Uis Defire — Tbe Natnttflhe newyeffel ehangrd from the Rslief to 0^.ooLO}^a—'7he A(«ji;*j Satisfaf/ioH—Blambard determined to wake knnoa bis Pnpofal t» the King bimfelf'-Hii ft'ifb cetnmiinicaird by lite Captain — Received ih a mojl graciQus Manner*— Raa Koek taints tbt Stfm—An Attempt to launch the Oroolong — heJfeUual—PoJIponed—King'i Prmifes to Blancbard-'Alt affemhUd to ftt tbe Veffel lannebed—V heir Succcfs— Natives and Engh/b mutually deliebled — Mcffage from Ibe King to Captain H-'ilfon—Ofiert to make him . a Rupttck-^Caplain exprej/es much Happinefs in being admitted a CbitJ-^Tbt Ctrtm»tiy—-Univerfal yty—Kinf't AJJrefs to tbe Ciptaiii'-CaptaiH congratulnted — Natives deligbtid-'King's Orders — Hit Pfonofal offending hit S«n, Lee /ho, to England— Expatiates upon bis good ^alitiet^-Tbt CaptaiH'i Reply, tiMcb revet apparent Satis- /aiiioii—'Ra.i Kmk jeeks PermtffioH tt actompany tbt Engl(/b—Jt rrfafed—Rtafms-'Hii Une/f/lne/s—One of I he Natives folicits the Captain tt be taken in bis f^effel—His Applieatian reported to tbe King — Aiba Ibulte's aifnliiit Peaial, wilb tbe Reafons—EHi>lf/b ttaiy to depart — Mntnal Prt/entS'^An hftription nailed to a Board, and affixed . to a Tree— King renews bis Requrftfor tbt Mufqnets— Tikes nolict^tbe Mijlmfi ^tbe hn^lifib—Effells of the Rcbukt -"Lee Bm's Arri^J—'It intrtdMCtd tt tbt Ctptenn—Tbt Fatbtr't Spetfb^Oapt, Wilfm's Ailvtce tt hJambdril, ifK»*»i THS (i A NEW VOYAGE to the PELEW ISLANDS. 7? r^'^HE next day being the 7th of November, the X j>innacc returned with the King, his favourite daughter Errc Bcisj Raa Kook, and fevcral of the chiefs. Mr. Sharp had read the captain's letter according to his diredions'to the King, which was explained to him by the interpreter.^. Abba Thulle cxpreflcd great fatisfadion at the politenefs of the pnglilh, and was highly delighted with the tools which were fent to him as a prclcnt by the captain in the pinnace. It was remarked however by the Malay, that the mufquets were not fent by the Englilh according to jhcir promifc ; for which he was fevcrcly rebuked by Kaa Kook.who (as it was afterwards reprefented to Surgeon Sharp) thus ad- drcfl'cd him : •• Wretch, the Englifli are not, like thee, polTef- « fed of two tongues 1 they have honourably kept «' their word, by fending thefc tools, and notice of " their depar(uie ; while thou, oh thou piece of " deceit ! have brought dilgracc upon us all, by •' advifmg the King to fend boiled yams to the " Lnnliiii, left, in lending them raw, they fliould " thereby ttock thcmfelves, and depart witlmut " giving notice and leaving behind thofe things <• which they had prumifcd." The King and all the Kupacks felt the full force of this rebuke, and Abba Thullc beheld the Malay with fo much ftern indignation, that he imnudiately withdrew from his prefence. After this their wonted good-humour returned ; and every one, even the King's attendants, had abundance of rc- frclhnicnts. 1 he tools were diilrihuteJ by the King among his chiefs. Mr. Sharp aUo reported, that a uiellcnger arrived from one of the neighbouring illamis about two in tlie moining previous to their departure to the King} on whole account Abba ThuUe was awakened by one of his attendants, who brought io a lighted torch and introduced the ineflenger. This was to enquire when the Englilh intended to fail, at foine of the northern chiefs in- tended to make them prefcnta of the beft articles which their land produced, in addition to their ftores. 1 he King delivered this mtflcnger a piece of cord for thofc chiefs, on which were tied as many knots as there were days before tbe Englifli meant to leave Uroolong. 1 he King, his daughter, and attendants, fet out at fiift in canoes « but, on ac- count of a violent gale, were obligid to make to Ihore fur flicltcr. Kaa Kook, who had accompanied Mcff. Wilfon and Sharp, was lo ddighted wiili the cafe and Ueadiucfs oi the pinnice, tii.it he rcqucfttd his friends would prevail upon the King to go on board her. It was by thefe means that Abba 1 liulle, liis daughter, chief minifler, &c. arrived with the EngliOi. Upon their admiring their comfortable fituation, in the pinnace, the Knglilh inturmed the King that it was their captain's intention to make that boat a prefcnt to hiin, upon their depaiture. The King iiecmed very thanktui for the intended gift, and deliied his people to tjike notice how the iails were managed. 'i'he King had brought with him fcveral prcfents; and he and his brother, according to their promifc, let their people about painting \ifli, introduced to his new friends. Ilaa Kook, who was the mod bufy in painting the vcflel, was diicctcd by the King in dccoratini; the ftern, on each fKieof which he made two circles, one within another, in black and white, with lome little zigzig ornaments lianjjing fiom them. An attempt was made in the evening (Nov. 8th) to launch the veffcl, but as they fountl it imp. flible to move her till the tide begin to fill, they pWl- pnncd their intention, v\itli ifie lirpe of being able to difcover and remove every obllruttion by the next tide. Blanchaid appeared as much dcligtited with being allowed to remain nt Pelcw, as rhe King was in having him. Abba Thulle promifed lo make him a Rupack, and give him two wives, with a houfc and plantations; alTuriiig him, at the fame time, that he (huuld always be with himfelf anJ his brothers. The next day, the wcither beinn; very favoiii-. ahle, they began to 11 y tiicir wuik, and were happy to find that their preparations proir.ifed welt. A melT.ige was difpatched to the King who came with all his attendants to lee the velTel l.uiiiched. The tide ebbed remarkably low the preceding; nip,ht : about feven o'clock the next moining. in the liiidil of fears, hopes J"i<^ tremblings, flu- wis j^ot ;iiliar. The Englifli gave three huzzas; whicli were joined by the natives, who appeareil equally intcrelied } and by this tluir anxiety diflipated, in a great inca. furc, all the f fpicions of the Englilh. I'lie Oi oo- long was immediately h uiled into a dock, tliat had been dug for her, and by breaklall-tiiiie Hie was fafely moored. After bicaklall they got up Iheais, and took in the malls, uaier-ciflcs, li.\ pounders, &c. The remainder of what tools could be fparcd was prefented to the Kinp. In the aftcinnon, when the flood-tide came in, flie was luulnl into the bafon in about five fathom water. In the nighc they got on board their provilion^, (lores, ammu- nition, &c. and early the next morning their an- chors, cables, &C. This day (Nov. 10th) Captain AVilfon received a i.-."irage from the King, r«iu(Uing riic picafuie of his company at the wateiingplice. He waited upon him according to invitation, and was intonned that it was the King's intention to iiivcli him \vith the order of the Bone, and make him in hirin a Kupack of the fiiU dillinftion, before he left the ifland. Capt. Wilfon declared himlelf fully fenfible of the honour intended him, and exprtfled much happinelk in being admitted a chief of I'clew. Upmi this the ceremony commenced : the King ami all the Rupacks (at down under fome huge trees. -^nd the captain was placed at a dillunee. lUa Kook, who received the Bone, appioached him, .uid pie- ienting it (roin the King, deliied to know which hand lie moll generally ufed ; which the cipiaiii proving lo be the right lund, by throw iiijr a (l.-me, the bone was applied to his left one, to (Ve it it w is I large enough (or his hand to (lip ilinnig'i ■, but not anlwering, it was made wider. Notice beinj.-, then • 1 t;ivcu HI fiil ■'f mu WmW il lit 11 :f 1 1*. NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. f given that it would now do, he was joined by the chief minifter and the other Rupacks in the per- formance. Kaa Kook made a firing faft to each of the fingcis of the captain's left hand, and then rubbing the hand with oil, the chief minifler fiood behind the captain and held him fad by the (boul- ders : the different firings were paflcd then through the bone by Kaa Kook, who gave them to another Rupack : upon which they both endeavoured to draw his hand through. Every one was now Clent except the King, who was occalionally hinting iome means to expedite this operation. At lafl by llaa Kook's comprefling the captain's hand as much as he could, it was fairly got through, which oc- calioned univerfal joy. The captain was thcu ad- clrefl'cd by the King in the following manner: " You are to rub that bone bright every day, " to prelcrve it as a teftimony of the rank in which " it is held, and on every occaflon you (hall defend " with the utmoft valour this mark of dignity, " which you mull never fuRcr to be torn from " your arm, but with the lofs of lilc." As foon as the ceremony was concluded, the captain was congratulated by the Rupacks as one of thcmfelvcs, while the rcll of the natives who affeniblid around the new chief, Itemed highly del!;;hted, calling him F.ngkei Rupack. Ordcis were now iflucd by the King that none ot liis own people but the chiefs fhould goon board the new vcllel, for fear of incommoding the Kng- lifh : however, the inferior natives were permitted to paddle along-fide of her, and view her from their canoes. Kaa Kotik and Arra Kooker went on board, while flie was carried to the weft (ide of tlic ifhnd, and moored in (ix fathom, adjoining the well of frcfh water. I'here was fome fifh oilered the captiin in the vefTel, but as there was no convenience at prefent for drefTing it on board, he went to (hore and partook of it with the king. The King had fome time ago intimated his in- tention of fisnding two of his people to England with the captain, as foon as the vcflTel was ready to fail. He had now been confiderin^ his promifc, and was at lafl rclblvcd upon committing to the care of Captain Wilfon his fecond fon Lee Boo ; that he might improve himfcif in the Englifli man- ners, and be able on his return home, to benefit his own country ; the father expatiated much upcm the good qualities of this youth, and was likewife joined by his brothers in commendation of him. The captain afTured Abba 'I'hullc, that he looked upon this propofition as a fitigular mark of his great confidence and cdcem, and that the young prince fhould confequently be treated by him with the fame tendernefs and afTc^ion as if lie was his own fon. This reply of the Captain's gave the King apparent fatisfaflion. Kaa Kook, it leems, had before this urged the King his brother to permit him to accompany his new friends to England, but this was refufed by the King on account of his being the next heir, and the confcquent inconvenience that muft arife from his own ticath if he were abfent. Raa Kook, though convinced by his brother of the impro- priety of his requcd, was notwithdandiiig furciv difappointcd : there was a vifible gloom which clouded his countenance, that was before fo gay and chearful. He could not bear the thoughts of bidding his friends farewell ; and faw with the ut- mufl regret the preparations making for their de- parture, for now they were watermg the vcHel, bending the fails, finilhing the fire-place, and in Ihort, getting the vefTel ready for fea. A nephew of the King, Ton of that brother whofe murder at Artingall was the occaGon of the war which was now terminated, made application to Captain Wilfon (Nov. 1 1) for leave to accompany him and his people to England. This young man was fo attached to the Englifh, that he wai conti- nually with them, and had alTimilated himfielf to all their ways and manners. Captain Wilfon, how* evisr, declined giving any pofitivc anfwer, till the King was confulted, ' obftrrving that Abba Thulle had already fpoken to hirti Of his fon, Lee Boo, and another man. When the bufinefii was made known to the King, he feemed exceedingly diCpleafed ac his nephew's application : he rrprefented Idm as having a roving difpofition, and being unworthy of any one|s patronage. The young man, ftill anxious to depart with the Englifh, made perfiinal applica- tion to the King; btit Abba ThAlle abfoUuety re. fufed his permiflion, in words to the following tendency : — " You are a worthlefs man, undutilul, " and negledlful of your mother } you have for " wives good and deferving women, and yet to " thefe, as well as to all your relations', you behave «• ill ; for which you have been juflly expoled *' throughout the whole ifland. You are afhamcd '* of your condu(ft, and that is the rcaU)n you " would fly from your family ; but intlead of " having my confciit, on thecjintrary I requefl the " captain not to countenance you: you fiiall Hay " at home, and may the fenfeot fhame amend your " life!" It was intended by the Englifh to depart from the ifland a day before the time they reported, at it was their wifli to avoid the multitudes ot Ifrangcrs who wcTc cxpirlcd ; the captain fearing that his men might be iiiconimoded by the number of their canoes, and their paflage over the reef be confe- quently attended with tlanger. The King was therefore informed, tJiat the weather and wind being favourable, and the vefTel ready, hr intended to fail the next d.iy, which was the i7Ch. Abba Thulle was exceedingly concerned at this information, »» all the chief nupacks had been informed (by the knots on the cord before mentioned) that if wai to be the 1 3th ; and confequently the En^ldh Would lofe the prcicnts that were intended for them. Capt. Wilfon, however, obferved, that they had already a competency of flores, and as the wind was favour- able, he begged his permifTion to depart the next day. Thougn the King was very much concerned, he endeavoured to overcome it, and infifled, as it was the lafl da^, that the captain and his people would dine with him on (hore ; which invitation they chearfully accepted. After dinner, a New- foundUnd dog, which the Englifh brought with them, was made a prefent to Ana Kooker, as he frequently exprefTed a great defire to have it. Mr. Barker alfo drew a plan for a new vefTel, at the defire of this chief, who was determined with the Englifh tools to build one, if poflible, where the Oroolong was formed. Captain Wilfon was now obliged to go on board, and reprimand two of liii men, who had a quarrel. Upon informing the King the reafon of Ids depaHute, Abba Thulle ob- ferved, " that there were bad men in every '• country." The following Infcription was cut upon a plate of copper, and having been nailed to a thick board, wasafltxed to a tree which was near the place wher« the Oroolong was built : The Honourable Englifh Eafl-Tndia Comj v'tf Ship the Antkiope, IIenrt Wilson, Commander, Was lofl upon the reef north of this ifland, In the night ijctwcen the ^ih and loth of Augud: Who here budt a vefTel, And failed from hence the lath of Nov. 1183. When the King was made acquainted with the meaning of thip infcription, he afTured th* captain that it Ihnutd always abide, ai * meftiorUt df the Englilh having been there j and if by any accident it Ihonid happen to fall, he further promifed that it (hould be taken care of and preferved at Pelew. After this he explained the nature of it to hin Ibbjcai, fubjeds, an paid it. The King guns, rema were gone, their hoflilit to his peopi their promil were not qu to give up t the captain's (hould be gr; ly perceived lyafked the truft him wii " thefe fufp » them? I «' courted yc " Had I beer " done it loi " in my pow " to exercilei " after all yo Such was t that every on accordingly d convince the his requefl m fcngcr was. fei and the King cuthfTes, and proportionnbli captain alfo m piece; the (Hi witncfTed upoi delighted ther Lee Boo, ti evening, brou qui Bill. He father; then t humour and a tenance, that captivated wit loaded with re larly a balket lii tl of the kir and which wj tives: they wd The captain ga fully rcf'crved to treat him 01 Lee Boo fat was coniinuall vo) ape. it wi! him mflruflio Enj^land, with he leized an o and delivered lowing piirporl " 1 Know " England .the " couric will •' admiration •' but I fhall < " derate that " notwithflanc " information " tial to conflt " lifhman ! / " volved that " fidered the fi " Lknow that " unlike his " pof'cd to all " change. H< " us are uiikno " maladies, |)er " all die. whetl " our inevitabh ■'^.iJ., A NEW VOYAGE TO THE PELEW ISLANDS. 75' fubje&s, and commanded every attention to be paid it. The King now renewed his rcqueft refpe^ing the guns, remarking as before, that when the Englifli were gone, his enemies might malevolently renew their hoftilities* The captain haQened immediately to his people, to urge the propriety of fulfilling their promife immediately ; but their fufpicions vere not quite eradicated, and t*- .y were unwilling to give up the arms till the laft moment, fpon the captain's informing the King that his requeft fhould be granted the next day, Abba Tl-ulle plain- ly perceived the reafon of this befitatii.r, .nd calm- ly alked the captain if the Englifh were afraid to truft him with five guns ? " Why (added he) arc «« thefe fufjpirinns ? Have I given any caufe for " them i I was never afraid of you, but eagerly " courted your friendfhip, and why afraid of me? " Had I been inclined to barm you, I would have •■ done it long-ago, for you have been at all times " in my power ; however that power 1 have hither- " to excrciied in your fervice, and is it pollible that " after all you cannot confide in me even now?" Such was the kepnnefs, the juftice of (his rebuke, that fvery one of them felt its force. The Englifh accordingly delired the captain, that, in nrcler to convince the King they could have no fufpicions, his requclt might be ioimcdiately granted. A mef- fcngcr wasfent on board therefore for the articles ; and the King was prefented with five mufqucts, five cutlalTes, and about a barrel of gunpowder, with a proiHircionnble quantity of flints and balls. I'hc captain alfo made him a prefent of his own fowling- piece; the t Heel of which having been frequently witneflcd upon the birds, &c. the King was highly delighted therewith. Lee Boo, the King's fecond fon, arrived in the evening, brought from Pelcw by his elder brother, (^ui Bill. He was introduced in the captain by his father ; then to the oflicers. Such was the good- humour and affability painted in this youth's coun- tenance, that eveiy nuc prefent was inimediately captivated with his appearance. Itis canoe was loaded with rcfrcfhinents for the I'.n^lifli; particu- larly a balkct of a fiui" rpf(;«|ibling an apple, the iiift of the kind whiih the KngIKh nad feen there, and which was in great eflimatiun among the na- tives: they were at this time juft coming in liral'on. The captain gave one to each of his men, and care- fully refer vcd the remainder fur his young friend, to treat him on his pafl'age. l.ee Boo fat for fnme time near his father, who was continually difcourfing with him about his voyage, it was undeillpod that the King was giving him inflru^lions refpr^ing his future conduct in Mngland, with true parental afTedion. After this he leized an opportunity of addrefUng the captain, and delivered his fcntimcnts in words to the fol- lowing tnirport : " 1 know when my fon l.ce Boo arrives in " Kngland there will be fo much to fee, and he of " couric will be fo very eager, that novelty and " admiration miy duubtlefs incline him to ramble; " but I (hall depend upon vour attention to mo- " derate that cagernefs, and rcftrain his pafllons : " notwithdanding I wi(h him to derive all the " information that is neccfTary, nay all that isclTen- " tial to conflitute him one of yourselves, an Eng. " lifhman ! Ah to pur parting, I have ajrrady re- " vnlved that in my niind; l nave frequently con- " hdcred the fuljecl, and am prepared for the worft. " I,know that he inpfl fnte r diflant countries very " unlike his own, and cnnfiquciitly tnuft be rx- " poled to all thofe dangers N^hich refult from " change. He may meet \y,ith difeafttt which to " us are unknown, and being un|ircpaVcd for thofe " maladies, (Kradventurc he may die'i but v/H irtuft " all die, whether in Knghndnr PsIbW.— Death is " our inevitablf doom^ind whit ClgQiGn it whether , W " my fon dies here or there? I he humanity which " you have difplayed upon every uctalion among ■" us, is fuflicient for me to confide in: I know that " when Lee Boo is fick, you will adminifter all the " relief in your power ; and if he fiiould die, for " death is the fate of all, which the moft ikilful " cannot prevent, never let it deter either you, " your brother, your fon, your chiefs, or even the " meaneft of your countrymen, from vifiting ihcfe " iflands upon any future occafion. The return " of any of my friends would give me the grrateft " fatisfadion. I fhall rejoice to fee you or yours " again, or any of your people. You (liould al- " ways meet a hearty reception." The King's fubliinity and eloquence on lliis oc- cafion made no little inipreflion on Capt. Willan's mind, who repeated his former declaration, that as he would henceforth lor k upon. Lee Boo .is his own fon, he fliould be confcquently treated v.itli every parentar attention : he would be a fallier to the youth, having experienced fo much kindncfs and liberality from the youth's own fatiicr! On the approach of night, Capt. Wilfon took an opportunity of converfing awhile with iSl.inchard, advifing him by all means to render himfcif as ufe- ful as pofliblc to the natives, and to condud him- felf with ftrift propriety. He conjured him never to forget in this fituation that he was a chiillian, but to continue thofe acis of devotion which his religion requires: he was alfo conjured never to forget the fabbath, but ftridly to adhere to all the precepts of chriliianify. The captain further re- marked, that as he might be able to iccovcr fonie other articles from the wreck, he fliouKI endeavour to benefit the natives by working iron, &c. and in taking care of the aims and ammunition he left them, which would be of the greatefi confequencc to them. He likewife exhorted him to be always covered, as he would thereby fupport a fuperiority ofcharafler among the natives, who in conlequence thereof could not forget he was an Englifhman. On this account the captain furoiOicd him with us much clothe* as he could conveniently fparc, and recommended to him when they were worn out to make himfelf trowfers of mats, which he miglit eafily get at Pclcw, and be thus enabled to prefervc that decency to which he was accullomed. The captain now enquircil, if he thought of any thing which he would wifh to have: lilanchard, upon this, mentioned one of the fliip's compaflcs, and rrquefled to have the malls, fails, oars, and the rell of the things belonging to the pinnace, as that boat was fo be left. Thele were promifed to be granted, as foon as they had towed the veil'cl over the reef. Blanchard, upon leaving the captain, returned to the natives, who were very indullrious, efpecially the Kupacks that were prefi:nt, in rendering the place as agreeable and commodious to him as pof- fible. Nor were their endeavours loft upon their young countryman, who already appeared perfeAly latisficd with their manners, and reconciled to his new fituation. The Englifh being fu full of their departure, di4 uot enjoy much repofe this night ; every man w;is piAuring in his mind the fond idea of being again united with his dear relations and friends in his own country ; and the natural apprehenfions re- fulting fVom the dread of a difappointment rendered their agitation of mind inexprcflible. The natives were equally refllcfs ; the thoughts of parting fo fuddenly with their friends nccanoned muck unea- flnefs. The King was contemplating on the depar* titte of his fon, and the chiefs who were will' him on the great Infsthey would fuftain in the Englifh. In'fhort, it was a night of mutual perturbation, the F.nglilh Hill doubling the pradicability of their return, and the natives regretting moft fincercly tjitirdepftrtufCt ii'-r ii .-jjii |/,»j| r«n.;i ^iff. » m g^ j^ ;^ ^^ ,i , , CHAP. 5i{r!?!, J s»i, w 'i • "' r^ 76 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVEIS. iW.i ,; ; CHAPTER VIII. . ^^.;^. . :»rb«.;< The Morning cf Departure— The Signal far Sailing— The Gentro/:ty of the King and Natives— TJm VeJ/ir loaded^ The C^ifiain goes on hoard~-7he Englijh return Thanks—Account of the Servant intended for Lee Ji 00— Doubts of getting theOroolong over the Reef— The Vejel eajed — A Canoe given to the Englijh— Lee Boo under Mr. Sharp's Care — Uis /litachmeut to him — Tkey proceed towards the Reef— Natives too iind—Blanchard's Attention to his Countrymen— His Intliference of farting with them— Attention of the Natives in guiding the Vejfel—King blejfes Lee Hoo, &e. — Embraces the Captain — Takes Leave in a cordial Manner— His Departure — Raa Kook's Comern ■ — Oicclo'ig dears the Reef—Affeiling parting of the Englijh and Natives— Weather — Wind— -The Captain's and Surgeon's^ Attention to Lee Bto — His Notions of Delicacy— Is Sea-fick—ConJiderations upon rejloring their Provi~ fun's — Chjn^e rf Weather— Bapee I/lands difcovered—fn the China Sea — Pait of Forinofa feen—Utnd ditto- Soundings got — Anchorage — I.ee Bco's Remarks — Much delighted — Vcjfel conduced between the IJlands of Macao —An Englijk jack hoiJted—Kindnefs of the Officers of the Portugutfe Vcfj'eh — Mr. M'lntyre's Humanity and Attention — Agreeable Infotmation — A Portuguefe Gentleman introduces Lee Boo to his Family — The Prince's Swprife, Benevolence, &c. — His Admiration of a Hcufe—Affiable and good natured among the Ladies — Ajlonifhed at feeing l)imfe!f in a Looking Glafs — His Behaviour in confequence thcieof — 7 he Engif/h accommodated — Anec- dctes of he Bm— Utters to the Captain— Departure ofCapt, Wilfoit, Lee Boo, &c. in the IValpole — The Oroototig dilpofed of— Adventures at Canton — Mr. Sharp departs in the Lafclki— Others in the Tork—Catt. Wilfon and Lee Boo in the Morfe — Adventures at St. Helena — Arrival of the Lafcelles—They reach the Ifle of Wight— A> rival at Porlfmoulb — DomeJlic Occurrences— 'Anecaotes and Death of Lee Boo. UPON the morninfT of departure, Wctincrday, Nov. I jtli, the Enj:;li(li jick was hoilled at the maft-head of the veflcl, and one of the fignals fired as a fignal for fulinq. Abtn Thullc, upon uiidcr- flanding thi«, orJcrtd tlie ranocs to take on board fweetmeats, cocoa-nuts, &(;. while fcveral others lay aliing-fi.le the Orti )lonR, with prefents from the different natives ; fo tli.U had the northern Rupacks added their infer.ilea gifts, the Ihip would never liave contaiiiod thcni. \\ hen the vcliel was loaded, the ciptain went on board; the King having pro- mifed to follow liirn ioon, with Lee Boo, in his canoe. Cjpt. Wilfon took this favourable oppor- tunity of makinc; all his feaoicn kneel down, and return thanks to the Almighty, for having thus granted the means of deliverance, and fupport- ing their fpirits during their aflliftionsi alio im- ploring his further grace tn profpcr their future endeavours. The King, his fon, and chiefs, arrived while the captain and his people were praying ; but till they had fiiiiOied, they remained near the entrance of the houfe, and kept profound (ilcDce, being (cnfiiile of what the Englifli were about.— It is ncceir.ry here to obfervc, that one of the conditions for cdahlifltiiig peace at Pelew, was for the King of that illand to lurrendcr two Malays whom he had to the King of Pelcw : this was no doubt urged by the Malay who was AbbaThullc's interpreter. The condition being granted, one of t^jem («holie name was Boyam) was now appointed to attend Lee Boo on his voyage, and be tc him a fervant. Boyam accordingly accompanied liis young matter to the vcffel. As the Oroolong was remarkably loaded with fea (lores, it was doubted whether in this her fituation (he was capable of getting over the reef. After confidering fomc ihort time upon this, it was deemed expedient to eafe her : accordingly they landed the two fix-poundcrs, and left behind the joHy-boat, which they deemed of little ufe to them, as ihe wanted to be repaired. The King being informed of this, difpatthcd hiscldcftfon, t^ii Bill, on Ihore, to provide the Lnglifli withacanoeof a proper fize, with which he Ihort ly returned. The King put his Ion Lee Boo under Mr. Sharp's care, till the Oroolong had reached China. The young man immediately became attached to the fur- geon, and conllantly kept clofe to Ids (ide. They now proceeded towards the reef, while the multitude of canoes which were alTembled on both (ides was incredible : the natives therein con- tinually imploring the Englifli to take (bmething frotn them in remembrance \ and thefe Cupplicatioos were made in fuch a piteous manner, that though there was a fuperfiuity already, the Eoglifli could not refill their importunities. Blanclinrd, who had got into the pinnace to take thevcilbl in tuw, was remarkably kind and attentive to his countrymen ; he gave them all the afllflancc in his power to the very lafl, and frequently wiflied them a profperous voyage, yet he appeared quite indifferent of parting with them, nor teUificd the lead regret, though he was leaving his friends for ever ! The pinnace was preceded by feveral canoes in order to point out the fafcft track for the vcffel ; while others, according to the diredions of the King, were Rationed at the reef to mark the deeped water. The Kiig accompanied them almod to the reef, then made a /ignal fur a canuc to come along. fide } bleffing Lee Boo, he wilhed him happy atld profperous : the youth received his father's blcfling with grateful tears. Then when Captain VViHi>n had finilhed his diredlions to the feanaen, the King embraced him with the grcatcd tcndernefsi (hook all the officers by the hand, and took his leave ia the follo\lkring noble and cordial manner : " You are happy becaufe you are going home, " I feel myfelf happy becaufe you arc happy, and '* ytf\ feel myCelf unhappy becaufe you arc going " away." .This bring TucccMed with repeated aflurances of his hearty wilhes for a fucccfbful voyage, he de- parted in his canoe attended with his chiefs ; but Raa Kouk with his attendants would fee the Kng- li(h clear of danger to the outlideof the reef. Hap- pily the Oioolong cleared it witliout the leaft ililli. culty : they then took leave of Raa Kook, who, with all the reft of the natives, ajipcatcd extremely affci^ed at their departure. The canoes having now furrounded that of their King's, tlie people therein gazed at the Oroolong as long as tlicy could with aching eyes, while the Englilh were fo over- come with their gencroCty and attention, as to be fcarcely able to give them three cheers. They now hauled up along the back of the reef N. W. by N. Though there were fome liglit fqualls and rain, flill the weather was tolerable both the 13th and 14th ; the wind variable from E. to S. E. with which they fleered to the northward. The fird night Lee Boo ordered Boyam to bring hia mat upon deck, but he was prefently provided by Mr. Sharp with a warmer covering : he was very much furprifed the next morning at feeing no laud. The captain now prefented him with a (hirt, waiil. coat, and a pair of trowfers, which he always made ufe of when he underftuod that nakednels was of- fcnCve to the Englifli, and at Lft he came to have fuch notioiii of delicacy, that he would never dfels or undrcfs in anjr one's prefcnce : he was fo cleanly that he wa(hed himfclf (evcral times in one day. At firft he was very fca-fick : Captain Wilfon gave him one of the applet, which he looked ut)on as a great indulgence, this fruit being Pj rare. His ficknels however fooa abating, he became quite aSiiblc and happy. • On A NEW VOYAGE to the PELEW ISLANDS. 77 On the 1 5th the weather, thoogh dondy, wis fa- vourable : there was a fwcll from the N. £. As t!ie weather flill continued fair, and the wind from tlie N. E. and £. they endeavoured on the 17th to make more room by ro'ilowing their provifion and (lores : while they were doing this they difco- vt red that the leaic was under the end of one of the Honr- timbers. At firft it was deemed bed Co rut it away, in order to come at and ftop it from wi:hin : but upon further confideration they declined the intention, for fear a plank might, ftart, and the veflel coniequentiy fink. At night the fteathcr changed, attended with violent fqualls and rain : tliey kept under an eafy fail. There was no appear- ance oF land. The weather continued very un- fcttledfrom the i8ih to the 34th: fiill rain and fqtulls } the wind varying at times to the eaftward, IdUthward, and S. W. with heavy clouds, lightning, &c. On the 33d the wind ihifted to the N. £. and the next day the weather became fair and mo- ilerate. On the asth they ha'-'ed up to the north- ward, and difcovered BaUiee liland«, bearing W. N. W. about three leagues dillance. 1 he wind having changed to the northward, they iiore away through a pallage between the iflands, and were at nuOQ in the China fea. The next morning part of the ifland Formofa wan feen. On the ayth it was flili fair weather, but there \»u a fwell from the northwnrd, with which ther were much wet : in the afternoon there was a fre(h gale, and having been ib lung accuAoroed to hot weather, they now fdt the cold more feafibly. At eight o'clock the next evening they &w land, bearing N. by W. At one o'clock the next rooming, being the 29th, the wind blowing brifltly, they got fonndiogt at <5 fathom, fuft grouod 1 and about feven o'clock they faw land, bearinc from N. by £. to W. 8. W. They flood in amongtl the iflaadi, Oeering to the weft- ward ; and at us o'ckick in the evening, in com- pany with ibme Cbinefe veffela, they anchored in J o fathom water. Lee Uuo, during this paffage, made feveral re- marks, and was very eager in learning the names (it the illands they had paffed. He was now quite delighted at the fight of land, and the multitude of boats which were on the water. The veflel was conduced the next morning (Nov. 30) between the iflands to Macao, by a pilot whom the captain procured. As foon as they were in fight of it, they hoiflcd an Englifli jack at the mad-head I which when tlic officers of the Portu- giiefe vefl'els (who were at anchorage in the Typa) perceived, they immediately fent out their boats to mcer the Engliib with refrefliments and affiflants, as they conjectured, from the fixe of the veflel, that it uas part of the crew who had been wrecked. One of the cflicers was fo polite, as to wait with his boat to take the captain on fliore to the governor. Thegovernoratthis time was particulaily engaged, and having fent an apology to ihecaptain, acquainted him by the ofScer on duty that he was heartily wel. come to the port of Macao. The captain was now informed, that the honourable COmpan^'n fupra- cargoes were all up at Canton, and no EngllflMaan was at prefest in Macao, except Mr. M No. 7. Mr. M'Intyre and a friend qf his, who was a Portuguefe gentleman, accompanied the captain on board the Oroolong, bringing with them a fuili- ciency of provifions ready drefled. They returned ia the evening, with Lee Boo, apd all the ofllcers except the chief mate, M'hofe flay in the vefli:! was deemed necefliiry. The Portuguefe gpntleman was highly delighted with the Pelew prince, and intro- duced him to bis IF^mily, calling him (he New Man, Lee Boo, fince theif anchorage, feemed aftoniflied at every thing he faw : he was furprifed at the mag- nitude of the Portuguefe veiTels ; he alfo difplayed the natural benevolence of his heart, in beftowing the bed things he had to the poor Tartar women, who furround every veflel upon its arrival to beg. '1 he Prince's aflonifliment was much more encreafed when he entered this gentleman's houfe : he was filent with admiration ; the walls, cieling, decora- tions of the room, &c. furpafled his comprehcnfion. On his introduction to the ladies, he was quite afiar bleand good-natured, and behaved with thegreated cafe and politenefs. The Englifli, as foon as they had landed, congratulated each other upon their happy efcape : the Prince feemed to participate of their joy, by cxprefling the fame delight; in fhoit, his behaviour rendered him agreeable to every one, and Mr. M'Intyre took grest pains in fiiewing him every thing he thought could pleafe him. There was a large looking-glafs, in particular, which caught his attention i this having reflected almod hia whole perfon, the Piince was aftoniflied at fee- ing himfeif: he laughed, retired, then returned, and was in fliort quite loft in wonder: at lad, fup- pofing there was fome one behind the glafs, he flily endeavoured to deted him ; but obferving it was fattened quite clofe to the wail, he ftood confound- ed : upon this a fmall one was brought in ; he faw bis face in this ; but feeing no one behind it, could nut conceive the meaning. Thus the evening was pafled in mutual furprife and entertainment. As Capt. Wilfon was unwilling to encroach upon the hofpitality of Mr. M'Intyre, he was deflrous of providing a temporary relidcncc for hia people elfe- where, which by Mr. M'Intyre's aflldance was at laft accompliflird, and the crew of the Oroolong, except one officer and a few men who remained on board, were accommodated with a houfe (and all tuitable neceflaries) which belonged to an Englifli gentleman then at Canton. The men who were left on hoard were alternately relieved. Lee Uou's curiofity was fully gratified the fuc- ceeding day: he was adoniflied at everything he faw, eipecially the horfes, being unaccudomed (as before obferved) to quadrupeds; but when he faw Ibme gentlemen who were riding, his furprife was inexpreffible. It was no difficult matter to prevail upon him to get on a horfe's back, and having rode a few paces, he was fo delighted with the animal, that he requefled one of them might be fent to bis uncle Haa Kook. Capt. Wilfon in a fliort time received letters from the fupra-cargoes, wherein he was advifed todifpofe of the Oroolong and dores, as it was impoilible for her to come up to Wha'mpoa, according to the rules of the Chincfe government, without duty and port charges being paid, which were confiderable. Mr. MMntyre then undertook to difpofe of the Oroolong, while Captain Churchill, of the Walpole, accom- modated Capt. Wilfon and his people, (except Mr. Bcnger and half a dozen others, whofe day at Macao was thought neeeflary till the veflel was fold) with a poflage up to Whampoa. A fliort time after the captaiirs departure, the Oroolong was put up to auAion, and fold for 700 Spanifli dollars. Captain Wilfon, &c. were about fix days in Canton before Mr. Benger and his party came up. They arrived in one of the country boats, accompanied by Mr. M'Intyre, and were men cordially received by Kcc Boo, who having perceived the boat from a window, • U fprang r- I- '•I. H 78 np:w collection of voyages a»d travels. fprang from liis chaiir without apprifing any oltie of the rcaron, and with uncommon expedition ran to the liver to welcome his friends. Lee Boo's curiofity was highly gratified dtiriag his ftay at Canton. As every day afforded fo«»e novel attraAion, his admiration of the Englifh ftill encreafed. Mr. Sharp, who had been hitherto his guardian, now refigned his charge to Captain Wil- fon, and came home in the Lafcelles under Captain WakefieKi. Captain Wilfon and Lee Boo embarked in the Morfe under Captain Jofeph Elliot, while the reft of the people went on board in different veiFtlii, but the majority of them embarked in the York under Captain Blanchard. Captain Elliot was exceedingly attentive to Lee Boo during the voyage, which the prince returned with much grateful courtefy. In order to engrave upon his memory every thmg that was told him, he would make fome knots upon a cord, which knots he would be continually referring to, when defiious of aiding his recollcaion ; and as he fre- quently recurred to this cord, it ufed to be wittily obferved by the officers of the Morfe, that be was reading his journal. As loun as they arrived at St. Helena, Lee Boo was exceedingly pleafed with the foldiers and can- non on the turtiBcations. He rode on horfeback into the country according to his own requeii, during which he fat well, and though he galloped, betrayed not the leaft fear of falling, but on the contrary fcemed highly delighted with the exercife. During their flay at Morfe, Surgeon Sharp arrived in the Lafcelles, and was receiveid in the moft cor- dial manner by I^e Boo, who jumped firom a win- dow, as before, to welcome him. In approaching the Britifh Channel he was aftoniihed at the num- ber of vefTds he met. Having arrived at the lile of Wight, Captain Wilfon and his party quitted the Morfe, and coming between the Needles in a beat, landed at Portfmoulh July 14, 1784. Though domcllic occurrences are quite foreign to our defign, yet this relation would undoubtedly be impcrfedl were we not to add fome remarks on Lee Boo, while in England. This prince was not only pleafed with erery thing lie faw, but rendered hiinfclf pleafing to every in- dividual he met. He was brought to the captain's houfe in Rotheihithe by Mr. M. Wilfon in a coach. This macJiine and its utility ftruck him very forci- bly : he called it a little houfe drawn with horfes. He was quite delighted with his four-poft bed, and faid the Englifli had houfcs for eviry thing. " All *' fine country — fine fireet— fine coach— and houfe *' upon houfe up to flcy — " The captain's family were particularly partial to him, and he in return was equally amctionate to them. His adopted father he always called captain, but to Mrs. Wilfon lie gave the tender appellation of mother. In com- pany he was both polite and affable: indeed he made it his fludy to render himfelf agreeable every where. 1 ie was generous, mild, and companionate, his charity was however guided by difcretion : the aged he always relieved, but the young beggar he reouked for not working. His fervant Boyam having proved to be a worth- lefs difbondl man, was fent to Sumatra, while Thomas Uofc fupplied his place. Lee Boo was verv happy with this exchange, as he wai dilguftcd with Boyam. Tfate captain's fon and the prince always lived Hke brathers, and one d ^y there being a diffe- rence between the father and fon, Lee Boo was fo extremely affcAed that he could not be reconciled till he had joiacfl their hands. Theprince was very fond of tea, but had an averfion to cofiee: however, he propofed drinkinp; it, if it was Capuin Wilfon's pleafure. Having oncefeen a man intoxicated, he was very much concerned for his ficknefs, but when acquainted with the caulic, was ever after an enemy to liquor. He always appeared oneafy when his friends Ucrc drinking, and if offered any himli^lf, remarked thAt it was not fit fur gtntlemen. Captain Wilfon was afraid to introduce him to any public entertainments till he was inoculated, and this operation was poftponed till th« prince (hould be better acquainted with the l<)(^li(h lan- guage, that he might be the lefs alarmed at this of- fenfive diforder. Unfortunately he was fcizcd with the fmall-pox whilf -unprepared, and notwithftand- ing every attention was paid hnn, his diO'oluiion became inevitable. AVhilc on the bed of death, he expreffed the moft unfeigned regard for Captain Wilfon and his family, and having taken Surgeon Sharp by the hand, thus cordially expreffed him- felf, " Good friend, when you go to Pelew tell '* Abba ThuUe that Lee Boo take much drink to ** make fmall-pox go away, but he die ; that the " captain and mother very kind, all Englilli very " good men, am much concerned i <;ould not fpeak " to the King the number of fine things the Lng- " lilh have got." He died univcrfally lamented I and his death being made known to the india-Houfc, Capuin Wilfon received prders that bis funeral IhduU be as decent and refpcdable as poffible. He was buried at Rotheihithe church-yard, and the following infcripiion was foon after eredcd over his grave by order of the India Company. « To the Memory Of Prince Lee Boo, A native of the 1'ii.ew or Palos Ulands, and Son to Aeba Thilue, Kupack or King of the Ifland CoDKOORAA, Who departed this life on the arth of Dec. 1 7S4, Aged ao Years. This Stone is iniicribed By the Hononrable UNirro East-India Comfanv As a Tcflimony of Lllecm, For the humane and kind treatm^t afforded by His Father to the Crew of their Ship the Antklopi, Captain WatoN, Which wu wrecked off that ifland in the Night of the 9th of Augutt, 1 7 8 ^ Stop reader ftop, let Nature clain. n tear, A Prince oinutu, Leb Boo, lies buried here!" Having new eivtn an accmatt Aucunl tf IVll- ftifi itittrtjiit^ aSvtntwes at PtUvi, which it it fre- fiimtd wilt be faund nmt fatitfa&Qry and (orrtil than all tbt v$lumin$us Rtla/itnt bitbertt fublijlud: the Stadtr Jball ntxt he prtfented with lb$ very valuable VfMgu tfPtrtluk and Difitn, indudiag all the cmft- queitt Mventiirei, Di/coveries, &c. wbili tie Jamt enaBntfs and altenHtn which have ft evidenlfy marked tbt fcrmer Nnmben, fltall be tarefully ctntinued tbrti^ktut tbii mtlMulmirtd Undertaking. AKUW, KflHtta iW. * I) ■ n '.i^' •^■■1; -,»».>«-^S ' '^' :s$':iW. ,,-..*A1t,> m- ■^W^' f ■a;.v. tm * ¥. ^. .. The Including a Capt. POR .'>'f.i'.)( Ennlilliiuen conciliate thcii I'lic fcvcral uiulir the pati laic cncouragtM rill ;_ and evtry i.iiiiiy rejoice u \'.liiih tluy \\*\ iiji|)it)veiiirnt i During Ca( OaMi), bdidcs it vvstH prodiiC material Uifco mcnt tu our iiirs of a very ' Aincriia. Hm in the year i'; then wfiith it obvious that in fuih n fchriiir, a^ well as pati WIS fome iin '.ip.tMcof thci •)l ^jentlcmen n mis with l)cco llllalof Riihat oi rci^icCUbili iit-v-m^ If— III ■'"" I '^(■■^'"■— ■^■^■'' i"^'" ■ : l-.r f,U .■ .. -> ;-^.^ AV.tV -.o y <;> i..: 2M 1' ■7 3 '.< «$=e:sx)> r'i' Bl.',:.r4 snj io"r-. iwo?3B no bf'- ■ ' ■\*jV ' --ft'.' r .:.. ,i,.d r.ri,t>.br. H. I S T O :R Y; . o F •■/^;:i::^(::;; 'i^^L.^^^^.^i-'i .••' initial. -'■■• n<' ■ ■ :-^ ■. ■ , ' K Voyage HOUND the WORLD, .„_JLN. T-H^-- T XJ t »iLL.in ' ;M ' -Ji" ' -V KING GEORGE and QUEEN CHARLOTTE; UNDER THE COMMAND OF -'.-^^ . Captains PORTLOCK and DIXON, Undertaken and Performed in 1785, 1786, 1797, and 1788; WITH FULL AND CIRCUMSTANTIAL ACCOUNTS OF The North Weft COAST of AMERICA; Including all the Adventures, Discoveries, Information, &c. contained in the Journals and Communications of Capt. PORTLOCK, Surgeon HOGGAN, Capt. DIXON, Surgdon LAUDER, and feveral of the other Officers and Gentlemen. Being an Entire New History of all thofe Interefting Occurrences, Emoluments, &c. met with and acquired by the King George's Sound Company, in carrying on a Fur Trade from the Western Coast of America to China, more Accurate and Full than any hitherto Publilhed. ^V Inch, with the Ccveral other VOYAGES and TRAVELS to be included in thit Coll6flion, will beEmbellithed with a Variety of Elegant COPPEil-PLATES. Drawn upon the Spot, and EoBraved by Eminent Artifts. INTRODUCTION* •^^ - > r.a.i. « ,.coi TH E principal motive for the following Voyage Koiind the World wa< the cxtenlion of commerce. Adventurers before were ge- i\cMlly giiuled by a thirft after glory i pr a rapa- cious view of acijuiring wealth: thcfe vicvus, how- I vir, are bcncnth a Britifli nation, .We licfpife the Spam/h mode of exciting the refentnvfnt of natives, ami incurring their dtfpleafurei it being the wifli of En^lithmen to gain the otfcJlion of ftrangcrs, and tiMuiJiatc their ciLciii. ... The fcvcral voyages which have been undertaken uiuU-r the patronage of Govcrnmcat, ha\c (iftta of I.ite encouraged fur the benefit of inankinU injgeot)- rai ;, .ind every wcll-wilhcr to hi? country muff ccr- laiiiiy rejoice when he contemplate* the fuccefa with \,uii h they have bccii attended, aud the confequcnt iiupiDVcnient of navii;»;ion. During Capr. Cook ,< la(| voy«ige to the Pacific Occm, lielides many I ientilic athantagea of which it vvsiH pioducVive, it was attended with one very iiLiteriiil Uifeovcry, tl>ac promifcd no little cmohi- tiient to our kingdom; this wan th« trading |br Una of a very valuable kind on the N. W. coad of America. However, ilic difcovery which wa» mailc in the year i7«odiil not meet with (hat attention then wdith it fo highly merited i for (hough it was* obvious that immcnfc \(calth might be acuuired by fuch a fcheme, yet aa i'. rciiuired fpirit and adlivity, a« well as patience and perfcvcrance, of courfe it was fome ime before any were found who were <.i(Ml)lcof theunikriaking. In May 1785 a focictv 1)1 i;entlcnu'n rcfnivrd upon accoi:>plirt)ing the bull- ikIk with Incoming rcfolution. Thi« focicty con- lilUil of Richard (.'admnn luchcs.and fcvcral traders ol rcfpcCUbilit}', who entered into a commercial partnerflnp, under the title of Ki>i( Gorge's Sound Company, for carrying on a fur>trade from the wellern coalt of America to China. For the execution df this, a licence waa obtained from the South-Sea Company, (who poflefs an cxclufive privilege of trading iathc Northern Pacific Ocean); at the fame time another of a fimilar tendency from the Eaft- India Company; who at the fame time engaged td ^i ve them a freight of teas from Canton. Thus en- joying the fole right of carrying on this trathc to Its utmoft extent, they immediately purchaCed iwd vefleU, one a ihip of 330 tons, and the othera fnow of 200 ditto I thefe being the fize and burtheh which the eufKrienccd Capt. Cook recommended, as the moft proper for diftant employments. They wert immediately put into dock, and fitted out with i\\ pothble expedition, in order to undertake this high- ly necefliiry voyage to the N. W. coaft of Ai.ierica, The proprietiora appointed Nathaniel Portlock captain of tnc,l|||gcr veflcl, and George Dixon of the Imaller : thefe gfcntkmen having attended Captaiti Cook in his laft voyage into the Pacific Ocean, and conlicquently deemed the moft competent (br tht prefent undertaking. There were feveml Other oflTiccrv, of well-known experience and abilities^ that uerc to aflid and facilitate this enterprifct the no- vchy of which had already attracted and procul'cd the patronage of feveral |)erfonst both of refpcdabi- lity and knowledge. The larger veflcl was called by the Secretary of the Trcafury the King Ocorge j and the fmallcr wa* named the i^txn Char|ott6, by the Prefident of ihc Royal Society. The Ibni offeVeral Kntlemcn of eminence were put under the care of ofc rcfpec^ive captrtimi, lor the fake of being ini- tiated in navi|{ntion, and inlknided in a fea-iaring lite» I. n So NEW COLtECTION of VOYAGES AnO TRAVELS. lifei in fliort the uiid«rtaking tnet with Aich uni- verfal approbation, that it received the hearty good vrilhes of fcveral noble perfonages, particularly the Ripht Hon. Lord Mulgrave, Sir Jofeph Banks, Mrf Kofc, &c. ThePe encouragements (o Simulated the proprietors to profecute their laudable under- taking with due fpirit and vigour, that nothing wAs kft untried or unatteqipted, that promifed the leaft forwardnefs to the bufinefs. It was intended that whiitever fur* might be procured ih their traffic on the Amierican cbaft ihould be difpofed of in China, fubjcA to the immediate Controul of the Eafl-India Company's fupni-cargoes ; and on account of thia conlignment, it was further intended that both vcf. fels (hould be fireighted home on the Company's accdunt. Having thus far introduced thereader to the chief objedi of this voyage, we fliall now pro. cerd in our accurate and faithful account of it. BOOK h CHAPTER I. Stores and various Antifcorhulhs hid in— Tbey f rotted dnvn the Rivtr—Ancheragt'— Articles cf Agreement read- Men refuft to ft^n — Reafon — Capt. Portlock's foiver/ul Arguments— Tltey cen/ent— Two of the Crew di/charged— Ancbcragt in Margate Reads— In the Deal — Under Dungenejs — Wonderful Efcope of a young Gettleman—Ar- rival at S fit bead — apare Anchors, iic. purthafed—Ancoor in St. Helens— The tafiets in view — Becalmed, and drifted within a Mile of them — Anchors unavailing — Tidt turned— Danger over— Anchored in Guernfey Road- Spirits, &c. provided — Seven Ifles feen — Something feen on the Water— Brought on board — Lxplanation thereof ^—Abreaji of Funchal Bay — Meet with the Grampus— One of the Crew difcbarged—Two of the Canary Iflands—. Carpenters employed in caulking — Ifland Bonavijia — Anchorage in PortPraya Bay — The Captain Mevr haughty— Becomes civil— Obliging Behaviour of the People— Live Stock, &t. purchafed — Price of Bullocks — Politeiufs of a Merchant — Weigh Anchor and make fail— Wonderful Ptefervalicn of a Boy— A Shark caught — Capt. Dixon comes on board the King George — Captain Portlock's Intentions— Di. ton's Return to the S^een — Ships Companies indulg d—TtmpeJluius Weather — Falkland's Iflands feen — A Roik ditto — MiJIaken for a VeJJ'el—Defcripticn and Name tbertof— Two f mall I/lands difcovered—Defcription thereof— Mate fent in the Whale Boat to found a-head — wf Signal of Danger — Ditto for a Harbour— Mate's Account upon his Return — Anchor at Port Lgmo/it. ON the 29th of Auguft 1785, all the ftores being got on board, and a plentiful flock of various antifcorbutics provided, through the liberality of the Sroprictors, for the prcfcrvation of the people's ealth ; they wei(;hed anchor, and flood down the ri- ver for Gravcfcnd, where they came to anchor again t there were about 60 on board the King GeOi^ge, •:nd 3a on board the Queen (^liarlotte. Their progrefs was now very near being retarded by a difagreemcnt between the commander in chief for the voyage, Captain Portlock, and the men ; for as foon as the articles of agreement were read by the former to both the (hips companies, they rcfufed to fign without a greater advance of wages than it uuially nilowcd ; this the captain would not com- ply with, and having ufcd very powerful aivumenta, they at lafl confented, except two of the King George's crew, who were conlequently difcharged! On the joth, the men received what wages were due, with a month's advance. They then weighed anchor, (\oo<\ for the Downs, with a frefli fouth- wcflcrly wind, and anchored about eight o'clock in the evening in Marj^ate Roads. Kiirly the next morning they proceeded towards the Downs, with the fame wind, and anchored in Deal, where they laid in fomc tVcih beef and other neceflaries. Scptcntbcr the 2nd, they flood towards theChan- ncl I but the wind being then contrary, they an* churcd the next evening under Dungenefs. Charles Gihnore (one of the young gentlemen under Captain Portlock's care) being at the main.top-mafl-nead, and attempting to come down by the top-mad back-flay, unfortunately loft his hdd, when he was almofl at the top, and fell diredly into the main- chains I his efcapc was, however, wonderful, as he was not in the leaft hurt, nor did he difcovcr any alarm when he feli. Having wcij^hcd anchor on the 4th, they arrived at Spithead on the 7th, where they remained a week :n purchafmg f|Mre anchors, and a variety of other articles | alfo m fupplying themfelvei with water, &c. Preparations were making to fail on the 15th; the next day they bore up for St. Helen's, and an- chored there in the evening 1 they proceeded the next day 1 the weather continuing from this time to the 19th thir-k and hazy, with inceffant rain. On the 20th, the Caflceti, wliich arc a heap of rocks £« and being quite becalmed, they were drifted by the tide with, in a niilc of them. Though there wiic foundings about twenty fathoms, yet as the bottom was hard rocks ilicir anchors were unavailing; the tide turned about nine o'clock, and then all fear of danger wu over. About fix o'clock on the evening of the iifl they anchored in Guernfey Rood. Here they flaid till the 24th, in providing a quantity uf fpirits. Port V ine, cyder, &c. alfo m removing fomc of the flores from the King George into the Queen Char- lotte. On the ajth, the wind being S. E. the pilots came on board : they unmoored and gut ready to heave on head, when the wind fuddenly changed to S. S. W. upon which the topgaiiant-mafls were flruck, and got down upon deck. In the evening the wind got round to the northward. They got under fail the next day, and proceeded with a fa- vourable wind. The fevcn ifles were feen on the 27lh: the wea- ther continued heavy till the jcth. This day Capt. Portlock fignified his intention to Capt. Dixon of fleering W. S. W. as long as the wind was favour- able. OA. 2d. There being fomething feen floating on the water at a diftance, every pcrfon was anxious to know what it was 1 but there being very tittle wind, the vefl<:l could nut reach it. The men in the C^een Charlotte were refolved on finding out what it was, and two or three determined (as it was not convex nient to hoifl out the brat) to jump overboard and fwim to it: this Capt. Dixon oppofcd, as he was apprehenflve of fliarks : however, as the fiippofcd prize was drifting away, he confented, and two of the men immediately fwam after it, and brought it on board. It was a large cafk, which when nprncd proved to be a hogfliead of cinrct t it was entirely covered over with barnacles, which had c.it holes almofl through it. On the 16th were feen two of the Canary Iflandi, Palmoand Ferto, bearing S. by K. and about twelve Icaeurs diftance. On the 19th the carpenters were bunly employed in caulking, as the decks Icnktd very mucn. Early on the a^th the ifland Ronavifla w,is feen: they anchored at noon in Port Praya b y, St. Jago, in eight fathom. Here they replenilhed their w,iter, and procured frcfli provilioni, with other necef' farirs. a , At ..«ri;gBk/ »~SS.?"' ''ifl&3 • t"_' tl \' , >.. v.. ■•' ^^ IV ^ > v^ ■ik .■vtf i«t-' i i y.iS' -^uj ill PORT At iirft the < captain Moor, i upon receiving and Dixon, who ingon the gove he became civil they wanted. I done that could people of Praya anxious to obli turkeys, &c. wi chafed at theii dcfirous to pure only dealer for acting as agent the price of thef were ten dollars ing too much, o ever, was the po with the greate him to accept tl On the 27 th were permitted ftlvcs : half th( other half the fi tended by an o tucen them and On the 29th t the Diana, and ■ arrived the prec< out of the bay, t ihcr was variable lith ; during wl natcly ferved wit Ibup, for the pre On the 1 5th, : eld, fell ovcrboa Mvcry means wer ing that he was able to fwim, it water for near u boat, when he \ llriiggling. Ear caught, with the in his maw. II hail not appeared On the -i4th C King G«d, but the acccflcs thereto fo rocky, it was and dangeroui. No, 7, ?X , ' • • - Captain IRHI v^sssBBomsm NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. lit: i Capt. Portlock repeated Iiis fearch the next day, taking the well direction : afterwards, with Captain Dixon, he proceeded to found the bay ; Portlock taking the fouth'rn fliore, and Dixon the northern. Not hein^ able to find any water fo convenient as tliat which lay northward, they proceeded to fecnre their vefTcls, and complete their watering bufincfs, which commenced the next day, Jan. 7th. The company of tiicC^ecn were likewife employed in fetching ilones, to put in her hold by way of ballall, as (he was not fulliciently deep in the water. Though the men exerted their utmofl to expedite thel'c employments, they were notwithftanding de- layed hy tlie continual interruptions of blowing, fcjually weather. I lie people, in order to recreate themfelvcs, were frequently permitted by turns to make cxcurfions on fhore. The country was in a wild ftate, and there was no appearance of cultivation. There were veiy few infects, and no trees to be ieen ; but there was the riH)t vi a long coarfe grafs, which fervcd as excellent fuel. There were the ruins of a town difcovcted ; near which was the appearance of a garden, with .1 few flowers. They found fome vege- tables, pot.itofs, hiiil'e-raclilh, celery, flialots, &c. tut in a very degcncritc ftate. They met a hog, but could not cat-.h him, he was fo wild : after this they f.iw fcveral ; alio a bullock, cow. Sec. TJie watering was completed on the 9th ; and their other bulincfs occupied them till the 14th. 'I'he wind was in general S. W. the weather heavy, and attended with much rain. The cicw of both vefl'cis were alternately per- niitteJ to recreate themfelves on fliore, from the 161I1 to t!ic lyth; which was indeed the chief rc- freflimcnt they enjoyed here, as the country was very b.ineii. Early on the i(;tli they weighed anchor, and made fail with a moderate breeze at fuufh, dire^ing their coutfc for Sw.in lll.ind ; but as the wind afterwards inclined to S. W. they worked through the pafTagc between Siuiiideis's lllind and Low illands. Tlie next d.iy was ipjitecalin, attended with a thick fogj but as it Iddti cleared up, they palled between Ueachy Iflanil and the cjlkrnmofl of the middle rocks; they anchored at noon with the beft bower In well point hsrboiir of Carcafs Ifland, in feven fathom, over a I iniiy bottom. This harbour is cfteemed the bed in the woikl, being not only cafy of accefs, but fhtltercd itc,n\ every wind. \Vhen moored, the noiili point bore W. N. W. one mile diflajit ; :uid the well point of Well Point IQand VV. half N. till ec leagues did.iDt. Tluy remained here till the next day, as the wind and weather were unfavourable. They then pro- ceeded, ami being attcrw.utis direclly oppofitc the S. \V. point of Weft Kland, were obliged fud- ilenly to ilew all up and keep the veffcl large, on account of fi)mc heavy guiis of wind, wbicU c.iinc from the vciy high land: this however, alter rounding the point, they got clear of. They paflTed loop's I IcAii at one o'clock, and flood into State's Uay : there are feveral fine harbours in this bay. At three o'clock they anchored with the bell bowci, in iH fathom water, over a muddy bottom. On ihc 2 2d, the failors of both vefl'cis were per- mitted to recreate thcmlclvcs on fhorc. Early the next morning they weighed anchor, and made fail with a tine fuuthcrly breeze. From the i.\\.h to the 26th the weather was moderate, but lia/.y, and the winds north- wcflerly. On the 26lh Staten's Land was fieen very high, beating foutli, about fix leagues diflant. '1 he wvi- ther becoming tempcfluous and thick, they loft light of land -, but on its clearing up at eight oclock, it appeared ajrain ; and they accuidinjjly made fail to run in fur it : however, liie hazy weather having ictuincd agiin, they Ihortened fail, and took the northward diiitfliou. They tacked atmiUaight, and at two o'clock the next day Staten's Land appeared again ; the extremes bearing from S. S. W. to S. E. by S. about fix leagues diftance. About nine o'clock tley faw a rippling ahead, which obliged them to lltorten fail and bear up : this, as it w^s afterwards difcovered, was occafioned by a current fetting to the northward; upon which they again hauled to the fouthwnrd, and made fail. '1 he wca- thet continued very ftormy and tempeftuous from the i8th to the 30th ; the wind veering from S. E. to \V. During this there were feveral feals feen. From tLs 31ft to the 4th of February the weather was more moderate, and there were light breezes from the fouthward. Capt. Portlock ftiuck a very remarkable fifh ; the hind part and tail of which were exactly like thofe of a (hark, and its nofe had the rcfemblance of a porpoiCe. Having now made a good ofKng from C/^pc Horn, they changed their courle to N. W. it being the captain's wifh to get ftill further to the weftward, that in cale of wcftcrly winds they might keep well clear of the continent. On the 5th the people had one pound and a half of frefh pork each, in addition to llifir allowance of fait provifions ; with an half allow.nnccof brandy extra. Tliis indulgence of (:,iiit;'.in Portlock w.is to tcftify his approbation of their conduct duiiii;^ the time they twd bctn under his command. They continued their voyage, withnut nuking any con- fidcrable progrefs tor a fortnight, as the wind w.is generally in tlie wtftern board, blowing fVelh ;iiul in fqualls ; the weather very ftoimy, and unlcttled. Lvery change of wind \va', [receded by a (udJen fquall.and then fucccedcd by a calm, bbth of fhoit continuance. The failors hammocks and bed-clmhei were brought upon deck (. the : :;1 to be aired, the wea- ther being this day remarkably line. On the 25tli there was a very ftrf ng breeze from the N. W. when they were obliged to carry more fail than the viflels could well bear, in order to prevent their being driven to the caHward. On the 27th C.".i|)t. Dixon having found tliat tlic gammoning of the Clnecn's bowfpnt was gone, im- mediately moitciicd tail, and got it fecurcd with a new one. On the s8th there were fome fcalsfccn about tie King: there wcie alio fome lock-wced, and tho branch of a tree floating in the lea. The King George was well cleaned between decks, and pro- perly aired with good fires on the 5th of March: her rigging, which had been much ilamagcd with the late tempeftuous weather, was rcpjireil on the 37th; alfo the fails and canvas, which were wet, got upon deck and aired. '1 he fame day Captain Dixon put hid men to two quaits allowance of water each per day, bclidcs an extra allowance three tinicj a week for peale, as the time of their next anchor- age was very uncertain. The weather continued very variable, fi.>metiine3 hazy and tempeftuous, and at other times temperate and plcafant. Un tltc 21ft Capt. Portlock frnt a boat for Cap'. Dixon, who returned in it, and came un board tlic King George. They agreed to (land un dire<^ly lor Los Majoi, where they were in hopes of being able to refit their vcfTcls, and refrelh the crew; iiilleul of running down to the Sandwich Ulauds, whicli were entirely out of their way ; befidcs they hil fume reafon to ex{>cdl both a good harbour an 1 water there. The captains now appointed Owhylicc as the place of rendezvous, in cale they were re[).i- rated before their arrival at l.os M;ijos. They were to wait fur each other ten days, and if they did not meet then, ihcy were to proceed to King Gcorgc'i Sound. On the a 5th the weather was very fine, and there wan a comfortable breeze at £. S. E. 1 lie appearance of this trade-wind encouraged the cap- tains to mako for Los Majos agreeable to their rcfblutiun, rORTLOCK A.ND DIXON'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 83 icfolution. This day the King George was well fcrapcd fore and aft, aired and waflicd >*ith vinegar. J'.jich man on board the King and Queen were al- lowed now a pint of cyder every day befides his ufual (juantity of fpirits, which was very acceptable as it was exce> iingly warm. A flrangf lail was Ceen on the 25th in the evening to the N. W. flic appeared to be either a brig or a fnow. Both vefl'els (liowed a light, and the ihange fail hoifted a light too : however Ihe pafled nearly within call of the Queen at ten o'clock, and was piclcntly out of light. She was fuppofed to be a Spanilh vcflel going to Boldivia or Conception, on the coal! of Chili. April qth the (^icen Ch.irlotte got the artnourer'a for<',c oii deck. VVh.n fixed up, fundry things Mcic made for the vcllcl's ule, and alfo for their fu- ture trallic. On the 6th the carpenters of the Qiieen were cnploycil in making ports for guns, and fixtures for lwivc!«. On the iGth the King Georpc paflcd a turtle, and as the crew were vciy anxious for a frclh meal, Vlr. Maclcod was lent in the whale-boat after it. When brought on board, flicy found by its putrefied ftate that it had been dead for fome time ; of courfe it was returned to the fea, and the people were very much dilappointcd. However, in five days after ihcy picked up a very fine one, which weighed lixty-tive pounds ; this came jull in time to cele- brate Ealler-Sunday, which was the fucceeding day. As the cydef was now expended on board the King, the men had a pint of fwcet-wort each day in lieu thereof: on the ioth the King paffed the tqintor. About this time the allowance of water was en- rrealed to three quarts each dJy, on board the Oiiecn. The crew of this veflel caught a great number of fhaikst, with which the lailors made I liouder : they alio got a turtle. However, Captain roitlock's vtlltl b>uig mure fortunate in this re- Iprft, (tvcrJ turtles were occafionally fent by him to Captain Dixon, by which means the fhips' com- panies had a favourable nlpite lron> (alt provifions. The vcdels now kept eaitward, in order to fetch Los Majos. The winds continued variable, and the weather extremely (ultry. Ihtlicrio the people of both vdl'els had enjoyed a jTooil llaie of health. However, the fcuiA'y now bi'ijm to apjicar, in fpite of every prrcautlcm to prcvi nt it. The bo.iilMain (Mr. Hrown) on board ilir King ticorge, was fo bad, that his recovery was (li'Ipaired of. Several on board the Qiicen were very muti» afflufed : Captain Di.Ton was exceed- ingly ill, antl likewife Mr. luriKr the lecond mate. Captain I'ori lock went on boat d the t^ieen, to vifit Captain l.>ixon. On his return to the King, he lent him a calk of fine mould with fallad growing in it I iikewile fome garden-lieeils (which was in a f;Tcat meafurc the relief of the boatlwain), and fe- viial other antifcorbutics. On the 7th they were near the place where the 1(1 ind I'artida isluppolcil to be: there was however no appearance of land, which renders the exillencc vf fuch place tloubtful. On the 12th o( May, Mr. Drown the boatfwain nn board the King was out of danger, anil Captain Dixon Iikewile grew better, though flowly. As there was a fine trade-breeze, they (Peered W. by S. and on the s.jd endeavoured to make Owhyhee, which is the principal of the Sandwich IfltniU. On the a.)lh at feven oMcKk, Owhyhee was in view ; the call point beating N. W. by W. abonl fix leagues ditlant. The E. and S. V.. parts of this iUind are apparently fertile and pleatanr, but the 8. ind the S. \V. partn i'cem the contrary. While the King George was running along (horc within three miles of the land, ihe was futrounded by a number of the natives in their canoes : they had a few hogs of a fmall fize, fOme plantains, and a number of excellent fifhing-lincs, which they chearfully exchanged for beads, and pieces of iront they did not feem then the lead inclined to hodility or theft ; on the contrary, when they had difpofed of all they had got to part with, they took leave with apparent fatisfaction. When the vcflcl approached land, flic was accoft- ed by another number of canoes, who brought hogs and other rcfrelhments, which were Iikewile ex- clianqed (or pieces of iron. On the 25th when it was dark, there was a great number of fires obferved on fhore. Captain Port- lock, an he had lately perceived the natives to be thy and diltant, and knowing it to be their culloin to light (ires by way of olferings to their gods, when dilpoltd to fight, was apprehenfive of (ome medi- tated danger, particularly as the natives feemcd equally fulpicious, and began to think thefe linglifli were come to revenge the uhtimely death of Capt. Cook. It was the captain's wifli to anchor in Karaka- kooa, but was delayed by an imfavourable wind :■ but a light bieeze fpringing up at N. W. they flood in for the bay. About noon an inferior chief came on board, who faid that Tereeoboo the late king was dead, and that the prelent king was Maiha Maiha. He reqiiefted the captain to come on (horc, which he declined. Several canoes tiow came along- fidc, and the natives grew very troublefome. The vefi(!l was very much retarded in her progrefs, by their hanging round her. In the mean time the f^ieen, after ftanding along the (hore two days, was in like manner lurroundcd by the natives of both (exes, with whom they trallicked for various- commodities. Both the King and Queen came to anchor on the 26th in the afternoon. The natives continued to be exceedingly trouble- fome : befitlcs hogs and plantains, they difpofed of a quantity of fait jiotatoes, taro, Sec. Their fires appeared again at night, and there was a coiiftant biifile among them on fiiorc. While Captain Di*on was making preparations for the watering, he was acquainted by Captain I'oiflock of his apprehcnfions relative to the na- tives, who now became (i) troublffome that he was obligfcd fo place centinals with cutlalles to prevent their boarding them ; he was of opinion that it was iinfxifiible to do any thing on (hore without a (Irorg guard, and fuch nicafiirc he as^aiii imagined, would be attemkd with fatal conicqueiiccs. It was alio undcrftood, that the watering place was tabtiord. In fliort, the captains mutually agreed upon leaving Karakakooa as (oon as podible. On the 27th there being ortfcrs to unmoor, in which they were retarded by the concourle of na- tives, there were fix four-pountlers, and fix fwivels fired, with a view of difperfiiig them ; their colours were alio hoided, and the veflel was tabooed ; which tirtcflually alarmed the natives, who inllan- taneoufly fled: many canoes during their piecipi- tation wereoverfct, while thole who were in them, were obliged to fwim for fliore. '] hey now unmoored without any interruption, and began about twelve o'clock to warp out of the bay to the weftward. When diflant about three leagues (rom Karakakooa, they brought to 1 in- tending to fland offanJ on for about a day, in or- der to trafllc with the natives. A brifk trade commenced early the next morn- ing, when a quantity of fine hogs, and vegetables of diflctent kinds wne procured. 1 hey alio begm to purchafc water in calnhalhea, which was an ar- ticle at prcfent of the greatcfl conleqnence, and the refrclhmcnts which they had already procuicd, were of inflniie fcrvice to the fick, who were now reeovtring apace. 1 (jIvtSiHHIMIHIU' 'Hi -;lfflHB 8+ NEW COLLECTION OF VOYAGES amd TRAVELS. '\- \.m III Oa the a9th the natives lUIl continued to traffic, while the veffels ftood to the N. N. W. for. the Dike of cnaUioK the canoe* to keep up with them. At this time Karakakooa bore N. E. by E. about eight leagues diliaot, and tbe high land of Mowee, which they were making for, was now in fight. At fix o'clock in the afternoon a frefii breeze fprune up at N. E. which occafioning a crofs fwell, obuged the canoes to leave the veUels, and make quickly for (hore. It was fuppofed that the unkindnefii of the natives proceeded from a recolleAion of thofe loffin which they fuftained after the melancholy death of Captain Cook : however, the reafon that they urged for their unwillingnefr to admit the Englifli on fliore was, that all their chiefs, being engaged in war with a neighbouring ifland, were abfent, and on that account they could not fufier firangert to land. On the 3otb, the weather being very unfettled, and it flill being doubtful whether they (hould be able to compleat their watering at an)[ of the Sand- wich IQands, which confift of fcven, viz. Owhyhee, Mowee, Morotai, Kanai, Woahoo, Attoui, and Oneehow, the allowance of water was confequently curtailed to two quarts per day. About noon the king was joined by a few canoes from Ranai, but they bad nothing of confequence to difpofe of. Captain Portlock now entertained hopes of anchor- ing in a bay fituated on the weft fide of Morotoi, being within three leagues of the weft end ; but the wind failing, and the day being far advanced, he could pot accumplilh his defign. In the mean time the Queen kept ftanding for Woahoo. About eight o'clock Ihe was nearly up to the King. Early on the 31ft they wore, and ftor>'i in for the land ; but, when it was day-light, :y were exceedingly mortified to find that they nad been driven about nine leagues in the night to the S. W. This baffled Captain Portlock's eXpc^tion of an- choring at Morotoi ; and he was apprehenfive of not being able foon to weather the eaft point of Woahoo. which was at prefent the neareft anchorage : re- folving, however, to make tl. . attempt, he fiood in for the eaft point of that ifland, under all the fail they could carry, with a moderate breeze at E. N. E. Appearances were greatly in favour of the King i but the Queen Charlotte being a confidcrable way on her companion's lee quarter, her poffibilityof weathering the ifland was exceedingly doubtful. Upon this the King George tacked, and flood to- wards her. The Queen, about half paft eleven, drove in fliore -, but Capt. Dixon, finding the at- tempt was ineficdual, tacked ; which likewife in- duced the King to tack immediately afterwards. At noon the S. E. part bore W. S. W. five miles diftant ; and the N. E. part N. W. about four leagues. This ifland appears high and craggy between the S. E. and M. E. points. It is divided into feveral high rocks, where there is fuppofed to be a toler- able (belter. Finding it impraAicable toget round the N.E. point of the ifland, without confiderable delay, they bore away on the ift of June for the S. £. point, where there was every appearance of an excellent anchor- age. I'hey hauled round the point, and flood in for the bay. The whale-boat was now difpatched by Captain Portlock to found. They anchored about half after one in the after- noon, in 1 2 fathom water, over a fandy bottom. Captain Portlock called this bay King George's : the eaft point he called Point Dick, in honour of Sir John Dick, the firft patron of this voyage ; this bore £. by N. one mile and a half. The weft point he called Point Rofe, after George Rofe, Efqiiccre- tary of the treafury, and their fecond patron : this bore W. S. W. half W. about two leagues 1 and the bottom of the bay N. two milct diftaot. They bad prelimtly a number of canoes along-fide, who bar- tered Ibme cocoa-nuts, fugar-cane, plantains, fweet- root, &c. for a few trinkets, and pieces of iron. Hogs and vegetables were much fcarcer here than at Owhyhee. On account of a frefli breeze, which came on in the evening, at E.N.E. thofis canoes departed. Early in the morning (June ad) a number of canoes vifited the vefiisis again j thefe brought fome vegetables, and a few fmall hogs. Several of the natives of both foxes had been induced to this vific through curidfity. The captain went on (hore early in the morning to feek a watering-place, which was now their chief objed ; their next confideration was to pro- cure accommodations for the Gck. They landed on fome rocks juft round Point Dick without being in the leaft interrupted by the inhabitants ; but, on the contrary, received with great politenefs, and fatisfied in all their enquiries. They conducted them to fome frefli water, which was lodged in a kind of bafon, for.ned by the rocks, about fifty yards from the place where they landed ; but there kWas fo little as nut to afford even a temporary fupply. They then informed the Englifli that a larger quantity was to be h.id at fome diftance to the weftward j the captains accordingly proceeded in their fearch, but met with fo many difaflers on account of feveral little fjlt-watcr rivers, which impeded their progrefs, that they almoft defpaired of accomplifliing their wifhes. Every circumftance rendered the wateiingexceedinglyintonvenient here; Captain Portlock, therefore, rciblved upon fending two boats to examine the weftern part of the bay, and difcover, if pofiible, a good landing-place, and convenient watering. Mr. Hill now received orders from Captain Port- lock to purchafe every refrefliment that came in his way, for the ufe of the company ; accordingly this gentleman, during the captain's abfence, procured feveral hogs, fugar-cane, vegetables. &c. of the na- tives. Ai there was no pofiibility of being able to water the fliips with their own boau. Captain Dixon fuggefled to Captain Portlock the probability of being fupplied by the natives, as thofe people had feveral gourds in their canoes and calabafhes full of water. It was, therefore, deemed expedient to induce the Indians to bring off water to the veffels ; at Icaft a fufficiency for the prefent. Thefe people were indeed to fond of traffic that they readily complied, and for the fake of buttons, nails, and fuch like trifles, willingly employed themfelves in bringing water. For a fmall or middling-fized calabafli, containing about two or three gallons, they gave a fmall nail j for larger-fized, larger nails ; and fo on in proportion. In this very fin- gular manner both veflels were completely fup- plied with water, not only at a trivial expencc, but without either wearing or endangering their boats, caflLS, or Cackling i aUb preferviiig their men from wer, and catching cold. During the time they were taking in water, the people of both veffels were bufied in fetting up the ngging fore and aft, fcraping the Oiips' fides, and other neCeffary employments. Their prefent fitua- tion being the moft eligible one that appeared about thefe iflands, they refoTved on not quitting it until, they had completed all their bufiuefs. The fick pieople belonging to the Queen were ta',^ca on fhore by the furgeon, who thought that the land-air would be ef^fervice to them ; they were, however, obliged foon to return, on account of the heat of the weather, and the concourfe of the natives. The next day the fick of the King were taken on fliore for recreation ; thefe were likewife incommoded by the multitudct whicb cu* riofity brought about them. A few ot Cbe iofcrior chieiii came 00 board the l\ i' 1*1 « 'I /(HI* o. Ay. #.'//><'. /! ttL \itf,hf)»tnmM^ fall rirW «h«n|;»-n"*^,ll~li V HHrinicri . ^- "^V Cuiiil l\ uit'-n fii/i'rrtl ftiint <" aIVmiH IJ hi'iui Vtf'tfAf liiir K, /At-/* ./Avvv.V Miunl IViint irnnmi» \ .Milw jg ^miffN^dt if!,int! is f.im(»u (lidant from fi PORTLOCK AND DfXON's VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD, 85 King George without any fcruplie« ; but none of tlic great ones paid tliein a vifit. There was an old priert, who conihntly vifited Captain Portl(Kk, and aKv;iys brought a fmall pi(;, and a branch of the tuc(ia-nut, by way of prefcnt. On ihe 4th the watering bufinefi was completed ; a great plenty having been brought by the inhabi- tiiiis with the greateft facility. It was Capt. Port- lock's opinion, that thi» was the moft fafe and expe- ditions meth chor ; however, the wind blowing very ftrong from the S, E. Captain Portlock deemed it unfafe to ride in the p^ichoring, fo wore and ftood for Oneehow, u.-.dT all the fad they could carrv ; the extreme of which -t four o'clock bore from N. N, W. half W. to S. N/. by W. about four leagues diftant from the ncarcft land. They tucked occafionally during the ni.i;ht ; and on the 8th, about ten o'clock, came to anchor in Yam Bay, Oneehow, fo called from its abundance of yams, 17 fiathom water over a fandy bottom. The north point of the bay bore N. N. v.. and the fouth point S. by E. a mde and a half (linant from fliore. There is a fine fandy beach about the middle of the bay, within a quarter of a mile of which a ihip may moor in feven and eight fathom water, over a fine fandy bottom : boats' may alio land with ^rcat facility and fafety. 1 hey were immediately Vifited by the inhabi- tints, who brought them a plentiful fupply of yams; befides Tome fmall pigs, fweet potatoes, &c, which tliey bartered for beads, nails, &c. The fick were taken on fliore, and there not being fuch a number of inhabitants here as in the other iflands, and thefe few kept under proper order by the chief, they en- joyed the benefit of the land-air without any mo- lelhtion. The captains were defirous to lay in a good Hock of yams, and plenty of hogs for faking. The name of the principal chief at this iDand is AbbeAooe. He vifited the captains, and recoUefled Captain Portlock, whom he had feen before. He fetraed very much attached to the company, and on his account they were better accommodated. Captain Portlock, accompanied by this chief as a guide, went oh Oiore in fearch of frefli water. After examining Ibme wells, he made an excurfion into the country, the chief ftill attending him, with a few of the natives. Previous to this, fix perfons had been appointed to trade with the natives during his abfence ; and, on his return, the captain found that a bride trade had been carried on. As Abbe- nooe had received feveral prefents for his kind at- tention, he was ftill more anxious to render them bis fervice; and on the 10th the captains were very agreeably furprifed, by the appearance of feveral large double canoes, full of fine hogs, fugar-cane, taro, &c. which Abbenooe had fent to Attoui for« where the king of Oneehow was at this time. Prefents were immediately fent to the king, for his generous confideration. There was no time loft in making the beft bar- gains : 30 hogs were procured on the 1 2th, which weighed about 60 lb, each. A fufficient quantity of meat was fatted, and fome excellent bacon made of the pork. There were about 10 tons of fine yams on board the King, and eight ditto on board the Queen. Every thing being thus completed, they prepared to fail with all pofll* ble fpeed. This illand appeared well cultivated. It produces fiigar-cane, fweet potatoes, a fweet root called by the natives Tee, but yams are the chief commodity. There are a few trees, fcattered without any order; fome 1 5 feet high, and proportionably thick ; the bark fmooth, and the branches cxtenfive; the leaves round, and their fruit fomethiog like walnuts. There were others about nine feet high, with fine pink-coloured bloflibms. There were others pro- ducing nuts like horfe-chefnuts, which ferve the natives for candles, as they burn well and give ex- cellent light. Among the refrefliments thefe iflands produce, that of the fweet-root, called the Tee, is the moft remaikaUe : it ferved to make excellent beer. This drink (which was very good) was of great benefit to fuch as were afflitled with the fcurvy. The fngar-cane was brewed in the fame manner, which made very wholefome drink, but it was not fo agree- able to the tafte as the Tee-beer. C H A P T E R IJI. Leave tain of jihhtntot and tbt NttiveS'—Caataln P»r flock nti tn board Ihe ^een—A Rmdaevtut appointed — Colour of the Water cbangid-'Stalt fen— Wbaltt, PorMi/ei, &t> — They make for Coot's River— Edip/e of the Moon— The King George cleaned, Uc. — Soundingt-^Uo Bottoms—Bottom— Galicia Whales feen-— The Barren Iflandt—Ifland Hermogenet feen-mjl great Gun beard-*'Anfvjeted— Another heard— Various Conjeflures—A Beat comet from Shore with Rufians— Prefents from and to the Ruffian Chief and Capt. Portlock — Anchorage —No Inbabitanti—Fine Wood and Water-— Parties difpalcbed to cut Wood, &c — Jhe Captains repair to the Rujjian Fa flory— Watering completed— Fine Salmon procured— Defcription of the Country— Some Bears feen—' YiJlils prepared for Sea— Kennel Coal difcovered— Anchor weighed— Signal for the ^een to anchor — Obeyed— Account ojf Mount Volcano— Anchorage in Trading Bay— Meeting with one Canee—Behaniour of the Indian- Arrival of feveral Indians— Signs rf Peace— 'A Trade Carried on — Natives defirous for the Englifb to land— Capt. Portlock invites a Chief on board— His Hefitatioit—Conditiom— Scruples conquered— Several of the Indians fo on board— Captain grants the Chiefs Requefl— Indians kind and familiar— A very bri/i Trade— Native* inclined to Thievery— InJiancei—^aPt. Portltck's confequent Orders— Determines to quit Cook's River — Reafon Pafage along the Coafi—Aitcboragiig^Sevtral fmall Canoes vijit them — The Indians want thoEneliA to join them in battle againjl the RuJJians — Capiain's Rtfufal—Hit Prefents— Remarks on Cook's River, theJntabitants, &c. ON the 13th, about five o'clock in the morning, they, unmoored, and at ci^ht o'clocic weighed and got under fail, ftanding with ■ frcfli breexeat N. £. out of the bay. Their ooloars were hoifted, and ten sUns fired, by way oftakilia teaveof Abbe- nooe and the reft of the natives o£,tDit ifland. No. 8. On the 15th they were clear of the land, and changed their courfe to N. and N. by E. The wea- ther for feveral davs was clofe and fultry, but on the aoth it became clear and picafant, attended with a fine eaftcrly brenet from the 33d to the s8th there were very ftrong breexes, with rain ; the wind *Y veering J 511 WMi 86 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. %'i vcrring from S. \V. to N. W. the weather was thick and hjzy. Ihis d.iy, in the fc next morning. They accordingly weighed, and were making fail } when Capt. Pt)rt- luck diipaCched his third mate, Mr. Hay ward, vtvith a meil'age, that as the weather was unfavounble, they had better keep their fituation ftill. Upon this they moored fliip again, with Ibcir beft bower. This day (the 8th) they were vifited by feveral Indians; but nothing of any confcquencc occurred. A: 'he weather became more moderate on the 9tb, they prepared for failing with the fit ft fair wind. Accordingly, at three o'clock the next morning they began to unmoor, as there was now a light breeze from the N. N. E. On account of a very rapid tide fetting to the S. W, and the wind inclined to the fouthward, they were obliged anchor in 11 fathom water, over a bottom of daik and rather muddy fand. The Queen cu-c-"" at the lame time, abou' half a mile to th. \vc(lv">r: cf the King. There was a dry flioal, bearing S. vV. right in the diredion of the tide's courfe ; to avoid this was Captain Portlock's chief motive for an- choring: at low-water it was dry for abcut a mile and a half, extending from N. E. to b. W. The whale-boat being dilpatchcd to found all around, the land wcduard of this Ihoal was founi very high, and covered in ieveral places with fuow. There were alfo fome rocks ficen ; fo that, upon the w hole, it is mure danf.erou3 to navigate this liver tiian has been hitherto imagined. Unc of the natives having rendered hinifelf particularly ul'cful during their flay in the bay, by procuring feveral furs, acquired the a|)pellation of t'ador. Ihis man with fome others came oft' in their canoes, from a town near the f'outh point of Trading Bay, and paid Captain Portlock another viiit. At preCent they had nothmg but a few lalmon to dilpole of: but the factoi's chut motive tor Ifcing the cjptain, was to folicit his aliillance againll the Kuflians. He utgcd his requeft in the niidl pcrfuafivc manner, hut the captain expatiating up^n the iiecef- iity of bis immediate departure, did not comply. Ihis dilappointnifiit nas not a liiilc mortifying : howcvei, to divcit the factor from his concern, the Ciptiin gave him feveral prcfeiits, p.irticularly a horfeman's cap, which he put o*n with great exul- tation, and was both envied and extolled by all his gazing countrymen. A few trifles were likewifc given to the other Indians, by Captain Portlock, in order to make amends for his non-compliance. At five o'clock in the morning of the 1 ith, they weighed anchor, and kept Itaiiding down the river. At eight o'cliKk they perceived two Rufliin boats, which at a dittaiicc were f 'ippofcd to be fbmc of the natives* canoes: there wcic eighteen men in each boat, fleering for the ifland to the i. r," ^^^^^. It feems to be their plan to fubju?atethcpo.r luJiins, aiKl then exacl as great a quantity of flcins as cney can get by way of tribute. However, as the na- tives are in fo many parties, and the adjacent iflands fo numerous, this flratagem mufl certainly be dangerous in the end. It was remarkably foggy from the 17th to th,c 19th. On the T7th the extremes of Montague • bore N. 45 deg. E. and N. 9 deg. E. they were then three miles and a half from the nearelf land. On the 19th Montague Ifland was fi;en about nine o'clock, the N, E. point bearing N. 39 deg. E. about four leagues diliant. Being ftft towards fome fmall iflands and rocks, they were obliged to tack, and ftand to the S. 8, E. yet thoHgli they had a three knot breese, and car- ried all the fail they poflibly could for about three hours, it was with the grcateil difficulty they could keep clear of the rocks. The captain would have ancliorcd, but deemed 84 fathoms water, which -they then had, too great a depth. Notwithllanding the boats wen a-head to tow the fhip, they could not poflibly make the entrance, though they had every cxpc^ation before of getting into the pafl'age. The wind was very unfavourable, and they plied conftantty with but little advantage : the weather was continually thick and hazy : thus they kept beating about the coaft till the 23d of September, without being able to get into any harbour. Though the captains experienced much difagree- •fi» '\;, r| mm -i 'm lillil 88 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS* ible and ftormy wrather during their fiay ih Cook's River, yet it was their opinion, that the climate n not in general fo t'evere as it is fuppofed to be, for BOtwithlhnding the fmart breezes they met with, the air was mild and temperate. Cook's Kivet pro- duces native fulphur, gtnfeng, fnake-root, black- le?^ coal, and very iinefalmon ; there were fome berr es of feveral forts, particularly black-berriei, f .ual to thofe in England, which the natives fre- quently brought. The inhabitants feem not to have fixed on any particular fpot for their relidence, but are fcattered about here and there, as bed fuits their convenience or inclination. 'Tis tnoll probable they a>'e divided into clans or tribes, as in every large canoe there was at lealt one perfo.i of fuperior authority to the reft, who not only direAed their traffic, but kept them in a proper degree of fubordination. In their manners they leemed harmlefs and inoffenfive ; but this might probably be occafioncd by the different treatment they met with now, to what the lUiflians had Lied them to. Their weapons arc bows and arrows, and fpears ; thcfe are very iifcful in hunt- ic^, as well as lighting t the flefli of the various bcalls they kill fervinp; them for food, as theirlkins do for cloathing. One would reafonably fuppofc that the (kins of large beads, as bears, wolves, &c. would be held in the greateft ellimation as cloaths by thefe people : this however is not the cafe, the greater part wearing cloaks made of marmut-lkins, very ncaily fewed together, one cloak containing perhaps more than one bundled fkins: it is molt likely that their women's time is principally taken up in ^ployments like thefe. Befidcs the fea- ottcr, here are bears, wolves, foxes, racoons, mar- mots, or 6eld-mice, mufquaih, ermine, &c. &c. but the marmot and fox feem to be in the greatelt plenty. The trade thefe people are fonded of for their fkins, is toes, and light blue beads, fcarccly any other fort (though they had their choice of a very great variety) being taken the leaft notice of. In their perfons, thefe people are of a middle fixe, and well proportioned ; their features ap(;ear regular, but their faces are fo bedaubed with dirt and filth, that it is impoillbic to fay what fort of complexion they have. That perfon fcems to be reckoned the greateft beau amongll them, whofe face is one entire piece of fmut and greafe, and his hair well daubed with the fame conipofttion. It has been already obferved, that their nofcs and ears are ornamented \ ith beids, or teeth, if they can- not procure any thing elfe : th.it they Save likewii'c a long flit cut in the under lip, parallel with tlic mouth, w'-ich is ornamented much in the fame manner wiui the nofc and ears ; this it was difco. vcred was always in proportion to the perfon's wealth. The Queen's company faw only one wo- man, and the people with her behaved with great civility, and attended her with great refped : her fate, contrary to the general cufiom, was tolerably clean, and her complexion and features far from dilagrecable : indeed there are much worfe- looking; women in England. The King's crew faw three. Their Imall canoes are fo conllrufled, as to hold but one, or at moll two perfons i a id both thcle and I the iargr ones are covered with fkins. s» . , CHAPTER IV. Captains dtttrmined to try for the Entrance by Cape Hincbinbrooke — Breezes, Weather, &c.—Capt. Portlock ill— His confequent Intentions— li/tled by Capt. Dixon — Tit ^een Charlotte takes tbe lead-—M(unt Fairweather Jeen — Ibey change their Couife — Make for Croft Sound — Difappcinted—A Mijiakt — Atowance cf lVi;ter ly Captain Porttock—Cape Edgetombe fetn—Exptilation of making the Bay of Iflands-^Fir.din^ a j^eed Port — Attempt fruitlefs — d l^edji^e of Rocks perceived— Tbt Rtef cleared — Refolved to Jker for King George's Sound —An Iffand difcovered — Another— Split Rock—Wkalt-bocst ftnt to feund— Signal for her to return— Off h'i/ii^ George's Sound— A Canoe with two Indians— Pi efentt made them— few Fijb bought — Beating off and en — ./ violent Hurricane— Remarkable Claps of Thund •r—Unummon Ftaflies of Lightning— I'cjels labour exceedingly- ■ The Meteors called Compafants flying abeut—Tht J^etn Charlotte in Danger eftve Breakers— Out of Danger- No Prcbaiility of getting into the Hound — Captain Portlock' s Rtfolution-Commur.icates his Intention to Captain Dixon — They give up George's Sound, and bear away for Sandwich Iflands—King George obliged to ckfe-rttf her Tip-failj—Maintcp.fail fplit — Another bent, <(rt.—Afiery Meteor playing about tbe ^een— Sailors alarmel — Owhyhee's high Mountains feen — Three large Sharks caught— Several Canoes feen— Prevented from reachir^ the Vfjjel— Natives hold up Signals of Peace — Wbatt-bi^t fent out— Meeting with tbt Indiani—Tradc carriid en — De.-terity in Thieving — Friendly Deportee— Birds, &c, feen— Return ef the Boat — Mr. Macleod's Aciour.t — Defriptlcn of the I/land, &c.— Captain Portlock confults Captain Dixcn-^Thtir Determination— A Canoe in Danger— The Indians fa-ixd-— Their Cratiludf-Wbabto ften-^Antborage in Xing Cttrge's Bay. THE Captains finding it imprafiicaUe to get into Prince William's Sound by the S. W. paflage, being at prefent too far to the eadward, were determined to try for the entrance by Cape Hinchmbrooke, as the weather wai now moderate, and there was a favourable breeze. There were frelh north-eallerly breexei, with fquaily w ea'hcr, from the a9th of Auguft to the Jd of Sl,' ember. Un the 4th, Captain Portlock, nding himlcif very ill, dilpatched the whale-boat for Ca|« the 2 2d ficffi breeze fr( the wcftward o fccmed to be j this was called ot land boreN. the co.ift forms Ionic of which I till' lea was low, iiig the (liore, ( IxMf to (ound ; appearance of ( rciiirn. They fliore, in :?4 fat On the 2 jd f They met a cai tmni (hoic, wi ptrluadcd to en them a few prefi They then mad lies between Woi At five o'clock t King George's S krs that lie off t leagues dilUnt : Vjdrg. v.. abou trrnmnli land VV 'I'hey were no botir, and perfd dtiity : the a^th otf «nd on. On morning, the wi was a mod viulci *cre remarkably fo uncommonly fhc people on di liinr, eveiy flafh licliind i this brr Occalioned the v No. 8, »lk^>« i-i- ti4v^ ■ PORTLOCK AND DIXON'S VOVAGES ROUND thi; WORLD. 89 On the 14th there was land feen, bearing from E. by-N. to N. W. about 14 miles diftance. About noon Cape Edgecombe bore S. 60 deg. E. about ten miles diOancc. They kept fleering to the weftward, in cxpefta- tion of finding the Bay of Iflinds, where they had great hopes of making a good port ; but even this attempt vt'as fruitlcfs, lor when they had got within two leagues of the land they could not (ec the lead appearance of an harbour, or even a fafe bay. A ledge of rocks was perceived northwai-d of thevef- fcls, rtretching fome diiiancc from the (hore : as they were filling in with thcle very fall, through the ripidity ot the current, Capt. Dixon found it ne- ccH.try to haul clF fhorc to the weftward, and the wind backing a little to the fouthward, they were enabled to clear the reef. The wcatlier ftill continued exceedingly bad and tcnipelhious, though at intervals fomewhat mode- late: they plicil with vari.ible winds, but finding no likelihood of meeting with a harbour near C.ipe Wgccombe, and as the leafon was now flipping away very fart, they declined making any further attempts for the llay of lilands, and refolved to fleer for King George's Sound: notwithflanding, they intended to keep in with thccoafl, that if any har- bour was accidentally met with, the opportunity might not be loll. On the iSth ihey were well in with the land, when they weie convinced that there was no har- bour, nor was there the Icaft appearance of the plate being iniubited. The wind continued favour- able, and tlie weather became moderate. On the 2 1 ft an lUand was difcovered, bearing N. E. byt. h^ll 1'.. about fix leagues diftant. In lati- tude 50 deg. 47 niin. and in longitude 129 deg. 18 njin. another was feen in the aftei noon, which bore N. aS deg. VV. about five leagues dillantj alio another N. 45 deg. K. about 10 leagues ditto. A large fliark was now along-lide the (^leen. On the 22d they flood to the caltward, with a ficlh breeze from the N. \V. At Come diiiancc to tlie weftward of the Point there is a rock, which fecmed to be joined by a low reef to the coall : this was called Split Rock. The cafternmol point of Unci bove N. N. K. and fronj that to Woody I'oint the coaft forms a kind of bay, covered witli pines, Idineof which looked very beautitul: the land next the lea was low, and tolerably level. On approach- ing the iliore, Capt. I'nrtlock difpatched the whale- IxMt to lound ; but at half part two, as there was no appearance of (heifer, he mailealignal for her to return. They were now about three miles from Ihorc, in ;!4 fathoms, over a toul bottom. On the 5 3d they were off King George's Sound. Tlicy met a canoe about two o'clock, coming oil Iron) fhorc, with two Indians, who coulil not be pcrluadcd to enter the (hip. Capt. l\ntlock made them a few prefcnts, and bought fome filh of them. They then made for that part of the coaft which licsbctwrtrn Woody Point and King (leorge'sSinmd. At five o'clock the north point of the enirancc into King George's Sound bore N. 7 3 dog. I'., the break- ers that lie off that point 1'^ half N. about three leagues diftant : the eafternmoft land in fight, S. 73 dfg. F. «b fathoms water, over a bottom of white fand and beds of coral rock, but there was no (lieltcr for fhips to anchor under ; hor wai. it fafe, on account of a heavy fwell proceeding from folnc llecp black rocks, againft which the furf beats with great vehe- mence. By means of a gentle breeze, they ran along vcrvr near the flinrr, \t\\nc a number or natives of both foxes had afTcmblcd, holding up Uipi) of white cloth, -7 ^ nil 'l\ [ fa t'ii ■ (fllPff: : I t i.; 1^ F'M ii''!l uTmSfty'-rM ' / *»>^""iiwii '•■^*«M'*-i v ' .vb -t ..«^;4«>-4k ' 90 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. I rj ;,f' as a token o£ amity and peace. Captain Portlock expecting to find good flielter in a bay fituated on the wen fide of th^ ifland, fent his firft mate Mr. Macleod in the whale-boat to examine the bay i jmeanwhile the (hips Uy(o, in order to trade with the natives : by this means they had an opportunity «f obtaining the diifcrent produce of the iflandi fuch as hogs, bread-fruit, plantains, cocoa-nuts, taro, wild gcefe, fowls, and a great quantity of ex- cellent fait, for which they gave nails, toes, and other trifles : the trade which they carried on was fo briflc. that within a few hours they had large quantities of every thing.- During the whole day, the natives traded in a very honcft, fair manner; but thofe who attended their merchants could not refrain from thieving : their natural propenflty for picking and ftealing had taught them much art and fagaciry. One of them, with pcculifir dexterity, dole a boat-hook out of a boat along-fide, though at the fame time there was a keeper in her: another fellow alfo crept ujp the rudder-chains, and dole the azimuth compafs out of one of the cabin-windows, and got clear otf, Botwithftanding there was a perfon appointed iq watch them over the ftern. There were feveral other articles likcwifc pilfered s indeed it was im- poflible for the captains' men to prevent it, as there were very near, it not more, than 2(0 canoes about the veflll, which certi.inly contained upwards of a thoufand people. At five ill the afternoon Mr. Macleod returned. He ri-poi ted that ttierc was no fafc anchorage in the bay; and that there was not only a bad bottom of coral and fund, but that the harbour was alfo en- tirely cxpofed to fouth-wcllerly winds. This being the cafe, their intention of anchoring at Owhyhce was laid afide: they determined, however, to keep near this point a day or two, if the wind would per- mit, in order to lay in a good (lore of hogs, which were in great abundance here. This part of the iiland affords but few cocoa-nuts or plantains : thofe vegetables which arc in grcatcll plenty are, fwcct potatoes, bread-fruit, &c. Here and there are littk fpotsof h hite fandy bcaeh, where the natives generally keep their canoes. The adja- cent country is very plealant, and there appeared to be fcvcral villages, which were fituated among fine groves of cocoa-nut trees. Among the various luriofitios brought by the natives to fell, was a kind ofbalkets, about i8 inthes hiuh,and five or fix ditto in diumcter, of a circular form, and very neatly inaiiulkclured : tlic wicker-work of which they were made was frequently variegated with twigs of a red colour, and had a good etled in appearance. Thefe baikets were quite new to the Englilb, as they never met with any of them before. During the i8th they lay-to and plied occaflon- ally, as was mod convenient, during their trading biiliiicfs. The men wcic veiy bufy in killing and falling liog!. for fea (lore. There were light, varia- ble alia, fometinies calm, attended with Arong light- ning to the wcftward. On the 19th, in the forenoon. Captain Portlock went in his whale-lioat on board the Ciucen Char- lotte, in order to conlult Capt. Dixon refpedting the iseH manner of proceeding. This being a very fine eroinifin^ day, Capt. Portlock propofcd making is vifit Tiiiigcr than ufual. As their velTels were very light, 011 account of their water being nearly expended, and their rigging fore and aft very much damaged, iliey thought it neceffury to quit their prefent fituation as foon as polTible, and were deisr- raiiied to proceed lor King Gcotge's Bay, Whoahoo, where they were in hopes of lyiri^ well (heltercd, and having an opportunity of repairing their hulls and rigging. On account of a ftrong breeze fprin^ing up from the S. W. Capt. Portlock returned to his own vcffel much fooner than he intended : they then bore awav to the northward, liuping to ptfi to the e«llwAru, and run down for Whoahoo. Some few canoes, which had been along-fide the vefrel, now paddled for Ihorc, on account of the (inartnefs of the gale. The extremes of Mowee bore N. bv W. half W^ and W. by N. about four leagues dif^ant. , When they were within two leagues of Mowee!, they faw a canoe to the S. W. making after themi She had a fmall mat up for a fail, and was paddlinp very hard. Seeing her diftrefs, the King brought- to, and picked her up. There were four men in this canoe, and a great quantity of potatoes, plan- tains, &ic. They underllood that thefe men were natives of Mowce, who on perceiving the vcliels (landing in for the eafl part of it, in hopes of bring- ing their little cargo to a good market, had accord, ingly put off therewith; but meeting with foul weather, and a (Irong contrary wind, after they bore away from the iiland, they could not poflibly return to Ihorc, and therefor*- fet their little (ail, and ufcd every effort in their power to reach the King. Their canoe, when they came al mg-fide, was almofl full of water, and the men fo exhaulfed with fatigue, that the failors were obliged to help them up the vcfliil's (ide. Their things were got fafe into the (l)ip ; their canoe hauled in upon deck, and every exertion ufcd in order to recover them, which for- tunately had the dcfircd ctieCl. Thclc poor men were exceedingly grateful, for the favours and at- tention which they experienced. In the evening the wind, which blew S, W. en. crcaCed to a lliong gale, which was attended with much thunder, lightning, and rain. Accordingly they lay-to during the night, under a clofe-reefcd maintop-fail, wearing occalionally, and taking every method to guard againft any mifchicf they might receive from fudden ftorms. On the 20th the weather was more moderate ; the wind ftiU the fame. About noon the breeze lef- fened, and there was a calm. They were now joined by fcvcral canoes j but what they brought to fell was very trifling. They had light, baffling winds, wiih alternate calms ; on which account they kept Handing along (liorc, in order to purchafc whatever rcfrcfliments were brought tuthem by the natives: but the weather being very un(i:ttled, no canoes ventured near them till about noon on the aad: they were then vifited by t number of both laruc and fmall ones, from Moweeand Morotoi; of whom various articles were purchafed, for the fliip's u(e. At this time theextremcs of Mowee bore from S. Vv! to S. E. by 1;. four Iciigncs diflanr, and thcex^ tremcsof Mororoi W. half S. and W. S. W. half S. five Icigues. Thefe pioplc, who came from Mowcc and Morotoi, feemed to admire the Engliih veflll* more than any of the other inhalntants. It is pro- bable, therefore, that riiefc people m ere uiucquainted with Englifli Ihips. ^ On the 23d, the Indians who had been favcd by the King now determined on goina to ihorc, as the weather was clear and plcafani : Captain Portlock endeavoured to prevail upon them to remain on board till the next day, as he wiQied tp have an opportunity of (landing clofc in Ihorc, when at the fame tiine they might have departed with greater fafety : However they made light of the difbncc to (horc, though it was five leagues, "and were very anxious on taking the prefent opportunity. The i:nglilh. accordingly, loaded theat with prefenti before their departure, ib that thefe poor fellows had not much occafion to regret their fate misfortune. Nov. a4th. The wind flill kept to tlw fouth. ward, and the weather remained unfettled. They wore, and flbod to the S. 3. W. For the grcateft pwt of the next d»y the winds were light and variable. In the cvcaiojt a frcfh brcc7c (Vrang up, from the foiithwa«l,, wHch con. tinued with^vcry little altention during tH* j6th rand 27th: ihdeed the wind among thde iflandi . fwmed never to blow from one pqint for any dun* tioR; nor could ajtj'depcndaftce be pUcpd ft thii filDf .;,^ . ^ ;.'--/.. i s • 1 f ■ jtf}>Ucat'ion mac Portlock fend. latter— His Tahoo taken o tnation from WittY thing they wanted. For this inlbrma- tinii the captain made him a prefent ; and alfo gave him another for the king, which he requcfted he would del' /tr to his mnjcfty with his own hand. The pritrt departed ab(Hit ten o'clock, and returned I ^^.lin at eleven, accompanied with fcveral large and liiidll canoes M a little alter appeared a very laryc caiMie, winch was paildled by lixteen ftout men, m Hhicli was the king and all (he principal chieft. Though there was much Hate and crrcnumy in hia cmning, yet when he embarked on board the King George he laid allde all hit dignity, and would not |Hrmit any of his attendants to int out the place. Captain Portlock returned his thanks, and readily accepted his polite oft'cr. This day about noon the Queen's company had completed their water, and could have procured a » great deal more, the natives Hill bringing it with the greateft avidity. Indeed this is not to be won- dered at, if we coniider the great value they fet on iron, and that water colh them only the trouble of fetching from (bore, Befidcs nails, the Englilh found buttons very iifcful in their traffic with thcfc people. To the credit of the men be it fpoken, they looked on them as things of no value ; but the females faw : them in a very different point of view, and were ex- ceedingly fond of wearing them round their wrifts and ancles as bracilcts, calling them Booboo, and fomctimcs Poreema, As gallantry is perhaps equally prevalent here, as in more civilized nations, the V men frcijuently preferred buttons to nails (contrary , * - to their better judgment') in their traffic. This is f- * «n inconteftible proof, that the power of beauty is not confined within the narrow limits of our polite European circles, but has equal influence all over the world. In the forenoon of the 4th, Tahccterrc, the king, "paid Captain Dixon a vilit. He came in a large double canoe, attended by two young men, who, as it was undcrflood, were his nephews, and a num- ber of other chiefs. The king is a good-looking man, and appears about foi tyfivc or lifty years old : he is tall, ftraight, and well-made, but his eyes fcem rather weak, and affcded with a kind of rheum ; but whether this is f owing to difcafe, or to a temporary cold, cannot be afccrtaiiied. Though he frequently ate with the Englifli, he never could be pcrfuaded to touch cither wine nor fpirits; nor did he ever make ufeof the yaxn, water being always his drink. None of the chiefs had any thing (Iriking in their appearance, though it was eafy to fee that they were above the common rank. TIk- king's nephews were by far the (incll men that were fccn at any of the idands: they are not brothers. Piapia, the elder, being fon ,4 to the king of Attoui; ani! Myaro, the younger, fon i^,.. «lf „j, to a lifter of Tceretcrrc. I'lapia is about five feet nine inches high, flraight, and well proportioned: his legs and thighs very mufcular, his ftcp firm, and rather graceful) and there is a dignity in his > ', deportment which (hews him to be a pcrfon of the firll confcquence. His countenance is free and open, but rather disfigured by the wamf of three fore- teeth, which, as it was underftood, were broke for . ' ■' thclofsofa relation, it being the cuftom here for ' V the arces, or chiefs, to part with a tooth at the death of a friend ; his legs, thighs, arms, and va- rious parts of his body, are tattooed in a very curi- ous manner. Myaro is nearly as tall as hit coufln, but caft in a more delicate mould : he walks tn£t and ftately, and his ftcp is very graceful arid naajeftic. Captain Dixon prefentcd the king with Icveral •rfents, having received from his majefty the Panic arks of favour which he had bellowed upon Capt. Portlock. The king alfo repeated his vifit to the King George, and in addition to his prerenti, , brought a quantity of very fino mullet. Thii day ^{UXain Portlock'* company had completed their watering. They were alfo fupplicd with fire-wood by the'natives. On the 5th four or five ftiarks were caught, and prefented to the Indians, by whom they are greatly cfteemed. ^, The people were all bufily employed both ^ the 5th and 6th, with taking in wood, overhauling'the rising, killing i~J falting hogs, &c. &c. Trom the 7th to the nth there was no material occurrence, except that the old prielt was ilill a con- flant vifitoh During this time they had frcfh gales from the N. E. and E. N. E. with frequent fqualls and unfettled weather. The furf now ran Co very high on the beach, that a few canoes, who had ven- tured off, were nearly overfet, and of courfe obliged to give up their defign ; two of them who had got along-fide of the King, after they hdd difpofed of their articles, were making for ihore, but not being able to land, were compelled to return to the Ihip^ and ftay on board for the night. The carpenters having finifhed the long-boat on the 12th, Captain Portlock fent'h out according to his former rcfolution, with Mr. Hayward, his third mate, and Mr. White, who was Captain Dixon's third mate, to make an accurate furvey of the bay; Towanooha (according to his promife) accompanied them as pilot. The behaviour of the prieft became now very Itrange and myfterious : he appeared uneafy and rertlcfs, and upon Captain Portlock's enquiring the reafon, intimated that the king Tahccterrc was a bad man, and deiigned to do the Englilh mifchicf ; he pointed to a dilfant building, where he faid the king and chiefs were going to make great offerings to their different gods, and if they were at all en- couraged by their oracles, they would immediately attack the Englith ; he therefore advifcd the captain, in a very friendly manner, to be upon his guard. Captain Portlock, accordingly, ordered a conflant watch to be kept on the cables ; though, at the fame time, he doubted the information, as neither the king nor his chiefs ever betrayed the leaft incliii.i. tion to hoHility. The next day the king, and a number of chief), vifited Captain Portlock, who wns well prepand for an attack, if offered ; but, on the contrary, the natives behaved with their ufual familiarity and good-nature. The king, however, took notice ot ihofe preparations, which were made in cafe of mo. lencc, and difcourfcd w ith his attendants about the fire-arms': after fomc time, he appeared defirous to know the effcds of them; and Captain Portlixk judged it prudent to gratify his curiolity ; accord- ingly he took a loadedpiftol, and killed a pig that was at fome diftance, to the great aftonifhmcnt of the king and chiefs, who were all alarmed at the explofion, and more fo at the fatal wound which the pig received. The king fUid for about two hours on board, and then took his leave. If any attack had been meditated, there ia little doubt hut the imprelTion which this pillol had evidently miJe upon their minds, removed all hoftile intention<. The prieft came on board foon after the kinjj'i departure, and ftill expatiated upon the evil dcfigin of Taheeterre. He then left Captain Portlock, and vifited Captain Dixon, where he repeated his fornicf intimations. .Meffri. Hayward and White returned on the 1 5th, in the long-boat. They reported that there was no convenient anchorage in any part of the bay, and that there was from ftxty-flx to fcventy fathom ui, ter, clofe in ftiore. The country, ke added, w« very pleafant, and the town where (according to Towanooha's information) the king chiefly relldc!, very large : it was called Whytectee. Not a finale native came near the vefTcl now for two davs : it was accordingly fufpedled thit thff were tabooed. The (l)ips' crcwi were bufily citif ployed about their rigging, and gtttlng the vtHeli ready for fca. On LS^ ith fire- wood ! caught, and cy are greatly ;d both 3tt the /erhauling'the .&c. as no material was ilill a con- had frcJh gales rqucnt fqualls ow ran fo very , who had vcn- courfc obliged n who had got idd difpofcd of , but not being rn to the Ihip, le long-boat on lit according to 'ward, his third aptain Dixon's vey of the bay ; e) accompanied :ame now very red uncafy anil s enquiring ttie ahccterrc was a nglilh mifchicf; here he faid the e great oft'erings y were at all en- uld immediately filed the captain, ipon his guard. Jercd a conftant ugh, at the fame I, as neither the he leaft inciini- jmbcr of chicfi, well preparui :he contrary, the familiarity ami took notice Dt ic in cafe of \ 10. ulants about the arcil dcfirous to aptain Portlock riolity ; acconl- kilied a pig that aftonilhmcnt of alarmed at the al wound which for about two leave. If any little doubt but evidently m^^e ftile intention. after the kiny'i n the evil defigm in Porilocit, and pcated his former rncd on the 1 5th, that there was 110 of the bay, and nenty fathom »»• r, ke added, wii re (according to ig chiefly relid«, he velTcl now for ifpefted tl)« thtf were bufiiy cnif Kting tljc vtffdi On I II '"■•„/,„ f',„„/,,.,u„ "'^^S? ''';': ■'//'/I Hfi kS^ ^ v'A 1 m m ^> W''i mi ,rJ::'fli^'' '^ »- ' illilllii I > • *1 ■ ■ »' '. •■ m (ii ni 0| r « 1 f 1" ! ifl 1 I'li , , -t « ito- ■; <»»*i*«>»i»n- •■•' jlB-rr* » ..» .« r4f' ,..;«^-' 'V ^^,<;s^^ wumiiwiuinMiii ppiw«mpippipiiipiiHitp ^ ,^- ,# •«', v iii' I i!ii * ' f|( ^ :*,•&•* /.*> • i, !i»». MIS-; FORI Oa the 171 and appeared king. He hi their offerings but that the zi ihemfelves vUl Captain Por Fiapta and Tov to Attoui. TI to the king, (w gave his cnnfrt hnd, to equip this, Towanooh the prJeft's fcrv; rout as his fori natives were f« houre ; and abo confla^'ration o Captain Portloc realon of thcfe that the chiefs h bad therefore I gether. Several canoe brought a (upply tory account coul laid on, or wher to come near the lately indulged t wards undcrftood dctfded in eating which being deem lirll magnitude, tl lice to appeafe the fious condu^ of for by the foliuwit the caufe of the Ar a houfe, as a irepo his countrymen m courfe of their tra£ be depofited in tl ofwhich wasto be ufe. During the &c. were tabooed. Piapia and Tom thcmielvcs for th« King George. So] his attendants cam] to take care of hisi Atcuiii to put hin «Js the king's bro, leave of the Engli] cordial manner, r| noon every thing \ About midnight lotte's fmall cable on which they let in the cable, they , fome fuppofed had] l»"om ; others th] fume of the native] for their anchor, b| buoy being funk. I pt it on board, ani pcfe, when fuddenlf liawfcr, which thejf "blr, remaining td « «hc bows. Thl tbis vexatious circuj tvcr able to lecovel Mce of tcmpcfluoJ morning being vcl Tlieynowfounditf fituiiion, without I "was determined t] Attoui as foon as p] , On the loth theyf lock made the fignafl *liichlhedid:atni| Ho, 8. PORTLOCK AND DIXON'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 93 On the 17th the old p. >eft vifited both veffelg. and appeared more than rvcr cxarperatcd with the king. He faid that (he king and chiefs had made their offcringa to their godi, and confulted them ; but that the gods were guod for nothing, and they themfelves villains. Captain Portlock was now ftrongly folidted by Fiapia and Towanooha to take them along nodi bim to Actoui. The captain, knowing it was agreeable to the king, (who had lately figniiied the fame wilh) gave his confrnt, and they immediately repaired to land, to equip themfelves for the paflage. After this, Towanooha no longer looked upon himfelf as the prieft's fcrvant, but drank as freely of the yava rout as his former mailer. To^rards evening the natives were feen pulling to pieces their new>built houfe ; and about cigti' o'clock there was a general confla(>ratinn on fliore. The next day (the 18th) Captain Pi>rtlock enquired of the pried what the realon of thefe fires was i The old man told bim, that the chiefs had quaircllcd with their gods, and had therefore burnt them and their houfcs to- gether. Several canoes now came to the veiTels, and brought a (upply of various articles ; but no fatisfac- tory account could then be learned why the taboo was laid on, or wherefore the women were not fullered to come near the vefl'els, with whom the failors had lately indulged themfelves : however, it was after- wards undcrilood that one of their women had been detrded in eating pork on board the King George, which being deemed among the natives a crime of the lirll magnitude, the poor wretch was offered a facri- fice to appeafe the wrath of their gods. 1 be myfte- rious conduA of the prieft was likewifc accounted for by the following infonnation, which waalUcewife the caufe of the Arid taboo. The king had juft built a huufe, as a (epofitory for all thofc articles which bis countrymen might get from the £ngli(h in the courfe of their traffic. Every thing was ordered to be depufited in this new-ere£led edifice > one half of which was to be appropriated to the king's own ufe. Daring the iffuing of thefe orders, the bay, iic. were tabooed. Pijpia and Towanooha having now prepared themielves for their palFage, came on board the King George. Some mort time after the King and his attendants came on board, to requcA the captain to take care of his nephew; and on his arrival at Attuui 10 put him under the care of Taaao, who WIS the king's brother. Tahceterre having taken leave of the Englifh, and of Piapia, in the moft cordial manner, returned to Qiore. In the after- noon every thing was ready for failing. About midnight on the 17th, the Queen Char- lotte's fmall cable parted in a fuddeo gull of wind) on which they let go their beft bower. On heaving iu the cable, they Tovnd it very much hurt, which fome iuppofed had been done by the foulnefs of the bottom ; others that it had beta previoufly cut by fume of the natives. The next day they fearched for their anchor, but did not find it till noon, the buoy being funk. They exerted their utmoft to f^t it on board, and had nearly effeded theif pur- pcfc, when fuddenly a fquall came on and fnapt the bwfcr, which they had bent to that part of the ciblr, remaining to the anchor when it was almoA Jt the bows. They were greatlr difcouraged by this vexatious circumflance, andt' Tpaired of being ever able to recover it, as there was every appear- ance of tempcAuous weather; however the next morning being very fine, they got it on board. They now found it impofiible to keep their prefene lituaiion, without damaging their cables ; fo that ii was determined to leave this ifland, and Acer for Attoui as foon as pofTible. On the loth they began to unmoor i Capt. Port> lock made the fignal to the Oueen to W^gb atichor, tthich Aie dkl : at night the Ugml wai made t6 her No> 8. , ' > to anchor again, as the King's bcA bpwer cable had beet} cut by the Indians, which of courfe retarded their progrcfs. The (^een accordingly (Iretched in the bay, and came- to clofe by the King George. On the 20th the King George being a- weigh, the Queen accordingly weighed, and made fail, Hand- ing out of the bay, with a moderate breeze at N. E. On the 2 1 A they had a flrong breeze from the N. E. and on the azd were in fight of Attoui. About three o'clock the King George: anchored in 35 fathom ; but as the Queen Charlotte was pre- paring to do the fame, by checking the cable too foon, (be dragged it off the bank, and could not get it to catch again Vith a whole cable out ; there- fore got her head off fhore, hove her anchor up, and made fail. About five o'clock (he came-to in a very good fituation, near three miles N. W. of the King George, in 1 8 fathom water, over a fandy and partly muddy bottom. The King George lay eailward of Wymoa, about two miles diAant from fhore. Soon after their anchorage they were vifited by a number of canoes, who were well loaded with taro, potatoes, cocoa-nuts, fugar-cane, hogs, &c. they alfo brought a plentifjl i^jpply of excellent water. This iAand produces no yams, and very little bread- fruit. On the a4th. Captain Portlock, with his two paffengers and a failor, went on fhore to Wymoa, in order to explore the place. He was received by the inhabitants in a very friendly manner, and was alfo joined by a few chiefs, by whofe means the croud were kept at a relpedlful dillance. When they had walked about three miles, they fat down to tome refrcfhments : Captain Portlock was now invited to dine with Tiaana ; but, anxious to find out a good bay, be declined bis polite invitation ; he promifed, however, to fee him on his return. The captain difappointed in his fearch for a harbour, now determined on coming back ; however he and his companions being very much fatigued, they took up their lodging for the night in a very com- fortable dwelling, belonging to Abbcnooe, where they were well entertained. The n"xt day they reached the Ihore, a-brcaA of the Cn'.rrt, Charlotte. The captain's companions walkc! uown to Wymoa, while he, being anxious to get on board, took a canoe, and vifited the Queen Charlotte : thence he proceeded in his whale- boat, which he found there, and got on board the King George about noon. in the mean time the fhips' crews had procured large quantities of provifions, and fcveral fine hogs. There were alfo a variety of curiofities purchafed, viz. caps, cloaks, mats, fifliing-lines, hooks, neck- laces, bags, grafs-ropc, &c. On the 2 5tb Captain Portlock was vifited by Tiaana, who behaved exceedingly friendly : he told him that the king, Abbenooe, and feveral chiefs intended fhortly to pay him a vifit. This day the. failor, whom Captain Portlock left on ibore with his paffengers, returned. Piapia and Towanooha . Aill remained among the natives for a day longer. On the 28th Ab^nooe came on board the King George, and brought two canoes, loaded with different kinds of pravifions, as a prefent for both veffeis. After Aaying fome time with Captain Portlock he went on board the Queen Charlotte to Kay his refpefls to Captain Dixon. In the evening e returned again to the King George, where be remained for the night, and likewife the next day, on account of the fqually weather. On the 30th he went on ihore, and (hortly after returned with Taaao, and feveral of the chiefs. His majeAy brought a very handfome prefent, for which the " captam made an amplercturn. ^ The captain now introduced Piapia and Towa— > nooiia to the kingt who were immediately taken : under his protcdion. ' ;: F Aa Tfce I .4 111: :fa !l, ~l It; .1 m m 94 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. i-*-.! The king was about forty-five years of age } he was (lout and well made ; he feemed pofleiTed of more undetftjnding and good-nature than ;iny of the natives. His behaviour to the EngliOi dif- played much friendlhip and magnanimity. As foon as they left Captain Fortlock, they vifited Captain Dijtcn. His majefty was attended by Abbenooe, who, when he had left Taaao on fhore, returned to the King George, where he flept in a cot that was hung on purpofe for him in a cabin. The ncjct day the king repeated his vifits, ac- companied by his uncle, an elderly man, and a chief of great confeijuencc ; his n:r?"nitie8 of going on (hore with his gun in one of the Indian canoes, attended only by one fervant. The own:r of this canoe (who had occafionally fup> plied the Queen Charlotte with water) was highly ienuble of the hon >ur which the captain had done him, and was not a little proud to think that his canoe fliould have the preference of any of the rell. Nolwithdanding, Capt. Uixon did not find g^me very plenty { he brought home a few docks, and a kind ot watei-hcn. from this to the leth, they were cmploycu in purchafing wood, provifions, &c. They had fonic plcafant weather, and light, variable winds. Capt. Portk>ck nov/ made the lignalfor weighing anchor, as it was intended to make Oneebow the firli op. portunity 1 however, as the wind was baffling, the King Jeorge re- anchored very near the fame fituation. On the nth, about five o'clock in the morning, they weighed and made fail, ftanding diredlly for Oneehow, with a ftrong breeze fpringing up at E. S. E. They were in ttrorg expe^ations of anchor, ing at Oneehow by three o'clock ; but the wind fuddcoly fliifting to the wefiward, they were dif. appointed in their hope. On the 1 6th the King George came to anchor in Yam Bay, with the belt bowcr, in 1 5 fathom water, •yer a bottom of coarfe fand. 1 he Queen Charlotte did not come tn anchor till the ayth, owing to ber being very foul, and confcquently obliged to ply between the iflands, making longer or fiiorter boards, as circumflanees required. Capt. Portk)clt, the next day after he had an- chored, went on (hore in the whale-boat, accom- panied by Abbenooe : on account of the violence of the furt, they were obliged to 1 iw in under the reef, and not findi.ig a place where the bouc wOuid lie at her anchor with fafety, they went intr a c»nue to Door> ffcore, which was fuddenly ovcrfct by die furf, fo that they were obliged to fwim for LnJ. 1 he country appeared now very barren. Towiixls evening they returned on board. Capt. Portlock permitted his crew to go on fliore and recreate themlclves: three of them being in a very poor ilate of health, were allowed to remain on (hore in a comfortable lioul'e, which was provided on purpofe by Abbenooe, and where they were fup- plied with every neceflary refrcfiimcnt. The reit returned at their ap|)ointed time. On the a7th the three invalids returned to tlie King Georgt During their flay on lliorc they were treated ^'xceedingly well by tiie natives. On the i^th Optain Portlock made tlie (i^nal for weighing and or, it being judged p'opi r io make Wyn>oa-Bay, Attoui, which they did on the ;oth, and came to anchor the next day, the Kinf; with ber fmall bower, and the Qiieen with both, m 29 fathom, over a bottom of fine muddy black land. February 1. A melTenger was now (iriit to the king by Abbenooe, to acquaint him of the vcliel)' arrival. For feveral days the men were varioufly em. ployed. Two chiefs who were on board the Kinf; George, at the reqneft of ihe captain, difpliyni their wonderful dexterity in exerciung their fpears. All who were Ipe^ators (liudJercd at the dangrrs to which they expofed themlclves, and were furpiified at their expartncft in parrying ofl'thc blows. On the 6ih it was reported to Captain PoriK!t by /ibbeno^e, that the king had given dircciiont for a houfe to be built on the ifland for him, in wlMtevcr fituation was moft agreeable : the captain for Come time declined accepting the favour; hut, being earnefUy prelfed by his friend, he was obliged not only to comply, but even to go on fliute and chufe the fituation. Ay loon as the foot was lixni upoLi, the workmen were immcdiatsiy empluyd. By defire of the captain a large flat ftone wa brought and placed near the intended cdificr, whereon the rsptaro cut the initials of his nimr, the naipe alfo'of his country, with the day of the month and year: this he requelied the artiflitu place on the center of the hoi^fe. The c Jtain Mo requeued to have windows that would admit h.iili the light and air, fo*- according to iheif' tiiotle ut building thofe conv^icncies are excluded, which renders their dwellings very clofeand unwholefnmr, ofl account ot the hot weather, which it lb prtva- l«nt. The nativee, however, think nothing of iMi; for whenrver they find themftlyei Incommoded by t^it heat, they plunge into the water; be^it ii'g^t "Igmvt-Varms I PORTLOCK AND DIXON'S VOYAGES ROUNtI the WORLD. ■ *_ ... J__ ■.. .-...,.1 t-l.nrti fill tiKu \,IT K aa^ nuw^vmm 1f\^lj> ■«>na ■*«>-1(i#*a^l Vtar Vkta ■•Of^AI f M#4 4V\I !«*« fr>a ^ ■ /^ 95. riy civil, and caineiny reqncfted the cipuin to iiki- liim into tlie vclFcl with him. Captiin Port- ia lik< or iliy, in order to ami tlicmCtlvcs. When every thing was (cttied rcjpedinij the building, the cap- tain proceeilcd up the valley, attended byagre.it concourff of both foxes, who behaved with the grcitell good-nature and decorum. The captain returned to his vcfl'il in the long-boat, accompanied by forrc chiefs '■ 1 Abbenooe, who was now rc- nurkably ait.ichi > both the (hips' companies. The people we». ow employed in taking in pro- vifioiis, which AbN.iooe had prcviouHy r repared f(ir putting into their boats. On the 8i '.e king vifited Ciptain I'l/rtlock, attended by to oral large canoes ; ami from the King George, accompanied by '".iptain Poitlock, he proceeded to the Qiiccn Charlotte, in order to fee Captain Dixon. The MTither was now very dole and fultry. 1 he linglilh and natives were now on fuch good terms, that the fornu-r always appeared on (here un.iiiiied ; confrtiuently the latter were imdcr nf apprthentions of danger, and a mutual confidence accorclingiy took place. (Ill the 9th, there being a frtfli breeze from tht iiuiiliward, as the captains were refolved, on th; fiift opportunity, to get out of the bay, both vcflels now weighed. They were for fomc time retarded by bad weather and crofs winds. On the t6th, in the afternoon, the C^ieen Char- lotte came to anchor in Yam Bay, in 29 fathom witer, ovr a fai.Hy bottom. At five o'clock the next inornin" the King George likcwife anchored. I l.cii intcnti.i. fnr anchoring here was to rccovir, if imflibK-. two anchors which Capt. Portlotk had kit hthind. Accordingly, a« the weather was very fine, and the fea tolerably fmooth, the boats from bdtl'. (hips were fent oui to look for them : fortu- i> itely they found them, and both the King George's jncliors were immediately got on board. Tiicy were fuirouniled by feveral canoes, who fiippHed them upon lafy terms, and in a very ample minner, with yami, water, &c. I'loni this to the 23d they had variable winds, ami levcral calms : during which time they had wci^l'.cd anchor, and llrctchtd towaids the N. VV. intending if portiljlc to nuke Attoui, and recover thet^iecn Chailottc's anchor that was left there. Fkhii the 2;d ti) the 26th they were (landing otf and ml, making longer or (hurter boards, as occi- (ioii riv|nircd. On tlie ifjth they worked through the piflagc between Ouihoora and Attoui. On the j^tli the weather being fine, and the wind favour- able, tliey anchored in Wymoa Bay, with a finall bov»er, in thirtyfeven fathom, over a fandy bottom. The whilc-boat was now fent out to feaich for the anchor, but all their endeavours to recover it were unluccefsftd. The boat was afterwards Uif- pitched to (hore for fome taro. The month of March commenced with very fine and moderate weather. I he people were very bufy in prncurin]^ prnvilions : but the inhabitants were tihooed, It was (bppofed that the king began tu think that (he Engh(n were encr^daching too much, ind was therefore induced by policy to adopt thefe mr^rnres, of fending the intruders away. A man of fome confcquenct among the natives, time on boan the King (icorge, who was particu lock was induced, by his repeated folicitations, to comply ; and intended either to leave him on thele iflands, at their next touching, or to bring him to England. His name was No-ho-rai-ti-i jc-tee. While he was addrelTing the captain, one of the king's mefTengers, whofe name was Poo-a-re-a-ree, overheard him fay that he was pofleflisd of feveral valuables, which he prefented to his aged father. Poo-a>re-a-ree accordingly fcized an oppottunity of feeing the old man alone, and demanded his trea- fure. The veteran denied his pofTedions, having prcviouHy buried them in a fecrct place: upon this, Poo-a-re-a-ree feized him by the throat, and vowed vengeance. The old man, to avoid being murdered, difcovered all, and was accordin^ljr plundered: about this critical time No-ho-mi-ti-hee-tee had returned to (hoie from the captain's, and became acquainted with the whole, yet awed by the great cotiCequence of the king's meiTenger, who is next to the king himi(:lf. and always fwa^s when his majelly is abfent, he did not dare to interfere, but immediately hailened to the captain, and in the mo., melancholy manner reported the robbery. He wanted Captain Portlock to punifli the thief: however the captain did not fee him after the com- miflion of his offence, and could do nothing. The grieved fon having likewife taken a fudden leave of the captain, it was never known how this a.Hfa't terminated. It being the captain's determination to quit thefe friendly iflands for the fecond time, it may be ne* ccflary here to give a defcription of this country. The country of Attoui is tolerably level, and fof the fpace of two miles very dry. The foil is a light red earth, which if properly cultivated it was thought would produce excellent potatoes ; however, in its picfent (ituation, it is entirely cn-'crcd with long^ coarfe grafs. It is fuppoicd that rhe inhabitants (ind plenty of ground near their habitations, which is more conveniently lit uatrd fnr their various purpofes. A tappa is a tolerable large village, which is fitu- ated behind a loug row of cocoa-nut trees, which afford the inhabitants a moft excellent Oiclter from t!ie violent heat of the noon-day fun. Amongfl thefe co..v,a trees there is a good deal of wet, fwampy ground, which is well laid out in plantations of taro and (ugar-cane. It is in this village that the inha- bitants carry on their manufa^nres. The place where ichey bury their dead, ia a high' wooden pile, fremingly of a quadrangular form, on the fide of a hill. This is called a moral, and is entirely appropriated to the purpofb of inferring. The river is not one hundred ^ards over, in the wideft place, in feveral others it is much narrower; it glides along in a fmooth pellucid (Iream, fcarcely perceptible, except in r'lny weather, the ealteiTi Ihore being fteep and rocuy. The rocKs are for the greateft part covered with a thin Arata, of the light r«l earth before-mentioned, and which are doubtiefs waflied into the river be- neath, bv every fmart fhowcr ot rain, fo th«t tha water ot this river ii conftantly muddy, and its dream rapi/J. The fltipi' crews having got ail the provifions they could priKure, both vdTelt weighed >.n tM ^d, and came to fail. They now ftood out of the bay, with an intention of proceeding to the ccaft. C H A P T E R VI. f'lV frittg--ViJiltd by ftvt Canees — ttehnvitvr af tht Nativts-^Tbt tnrlijli furprifid at thtir Notitnt tf tht htj(li/h Lan^uaft mid !A«hh*'$ — Ibty Jieal Fijhint-Hnti — Wttd and Ifatir frecurrd— Barren Statt »/ tht (wHtry — No Apptaranet tf Inhatitants — Tht Laptufnt examine tbt Coafi—VnJUcttfsftil—'tkey examht again— —Prevkut Ordert Ufi luilh Mr. Matlttd'^ObejHl'-^ Anchor in Hanning't Bay^-Gretn l/lands avoided— Anchor liir/iiry IllaiiJ, oH'i feparate—tiH King Mgiavt— Various 0(currtnca, -Rc/oiutioi .The Kin George -arrive* at iffntlnnhrth Ctvt'-~The S^ten Cbarlottt arrivii at Port FROM I Hi IB' 1 II 1 C , m K' 96 NEW COLLECTION OF VOYAGES and TRAVELS. PORT I FRONi the 3d to the 5th they had very foggy weather, which now becoming clear, the Queen Charlotte's people were employed in getting in a new jigger-mad, as the old one had been car- ried away. As there was fome iron-work required, the armourer was likewife put to work ; but a fud- den roll of the (hip threw his anvil overboard. This was a very unfortunate accident, as there were only a few toes at prefent made, which article was fo highly efiential in their trafEc. From this to the 24th of April there was little variety, except the wind and weather, which were continually changing. They now {l(X)d in for the S. W. point of Montague Ifland, with a light breeze at N. W. under all the fail they could make. They kept the fhore of Montague Ifland, where there was foon an appearance of a good bay, for which they made. This harbour is fituated about fix leagues within the S. W. point of Montague Ifland, and nearly a-breaft on the ifland that forms the wed fide of the channel. Captain Purtlock dif- patcbed the whale-boat in order to examine this bay, being defirous to anchor, as he perceived two fingle canoes at f me diflance up the bay, which led him naturally to fuppofc that the place was inhabited, and confequently that there might be fome bufinefs done. The boat returned in about an hour, aud the mate reported that they could ride in with the grcated fecurity ; accordingly they came to anchor in 20 fathoms, over a muddy bottom, about four o'clock : they moored with their beft bower in 2« fathom, over the fume bot torn. The S. point of the bay now bore S. VV. by S. two miles and a half diflant, and the N. point N. N. W. half W. two miles. Their diflance from the nearer fliore was about one mile. In the evening they were vifited by five canoes, fome with one mm, and other ith two, but they brought no traffic of any kinu. They were orna- mented with beads of various colours, and faluted the ^' "^lifli in a very friendly manner. They were very much delighted with *.hc barking ot fome dogs that were in thevefli:!, upon which they began to whittle, and call out, Towxir! Towzer ! here.' b*rt! This Englifli manner of addrifling^ dugs created much wonder in the veflels, as none of the crews could account for their having any idea of the Englifh language and manners. Thcfe vifitors, before their departure, took the liberty of Heal- ing ftveral fifliing-linet that were hanging over- board. On the 95th th: boats were Tent on (hore for wood and water t thefe were eafily procured, but though the feinc was hauled no fiOi could be got. On the 26th there were feveral men fent on (hore to gather fliell-fifli, which was the only refrefli- xnent that could at prefent be procured. The coun- try was entirely covered with fnow. Several wild geefe and ducks were fecn, but there were none within (hot. From fome cuts that were found in the wood it was evkient that the Rufliini had been here. As there was now no appearance of inhabitants. Captain Purtlock was determined on leaving the bay. On the a > h they unmoored \ but meeting with contrary wwids, were obliged to run into the bay again and anchor. The captain; now rcfulved on examining the coad of Montafjue Iflind up towards the (ound, which they did immediately after anchoring } but did not difcover the Iea{t trace of inhabitants. They accordingly returned to their veflTeis. Dur- ing this excurfioQ thcv had feen fome gulls and eagles of the white-headed fpcciet: likewifoi feveral fmall birds. On the I ft of May, is thecaptkins were defirous of viamining every n!:ice where there was any like- lihood of mwtipg lobabiUQUf tkey weatout again o.'if .■r; in the whale-boats ; Captain Portlock having pre. vioufly left orders with Mr. Maclcod to wcigli anchor dunng his abfence, if the wind proved t.i- vourable. A number of the people of both vefliis had perniifiion to recreate tliemfclves on fliorc, bin as there was a fudilen S. \V. breeze, the fignal w.15 immediately made for them to return, when Mr, Macleod, according to the captain's orders, gave aifo the fignal to unmoor: they therefore made ii\\, ftaP'^'ng up the cli.iiincl towards Prince William's Sound. At fix o'clock tlicy were dole in fliore, and came to anchor in a bay to the caflward, in 21 t.u thorns, over a muddy bottom. About four liourn after, the captains returned, being as uiiluccefiitii! as before, in their furvcy. This bay where the fliips were now lying, was called Hanning's li.iy, after the family l\i called, who were chief fupporttri of the prefent undertaking. On the 2d theie being a S. W, breeze, tlicy weighed, and flood up the channel towards Prince William's Sound. About two o'clock tiicy a|- proachcd the Green lilands : this pafl'agc is vnjr dangerous in the niglit, or bad weather, as tie channel is fcarccly a mile in the bruadcft part, free from lunkco rocks. At fix o'clock they pjilid three beds of kelp, near which there was flioal water. It was now dead low water. About nine o'clock they got into a bay in Montague Ifland, where they an. chored in 21 (athoms water, over a muddy bottniu, and moored with the flieatn anchor to the N. i.. in I 4 ditto. On the jd the King George's carpenter was fe-it on fliore to cut down fume trees for fawing imo plank. Captain Portluck alfo went up the b,;/ ta found and examine it i but meeting with no nit , , returned on board not a little dil.ippointe;!. Early on the 41!) they uimmured, and began to warp towards the head of tin: bay. When tlic King George was hcavint; up their flream anchor, the flock broke dole to tiie Uiank, and rendered it gooil fur nothing. In the afternoon they came-tn with the bed bower, in eight fathom water, and moored the vcflcl with a flream cable to a tree un (hore. The next day was employed in various operations. On the 6th a fingic canoe, with one Indian, ap- peared ; but he had nothing to difpofc of. Thit vifitor received a prcfcrt, in order to cneoiirai^e others to come, and as he departed in reeniiiij; good humour, future vifits were every moment ex- pected. It was apprehended by Cipt. Dixon, that pirt of the Queen Charlotte's falfe keel w as knocked off, by a (hock which flie lately received againd a wlulc, as it was fuppofcd : however, upon examination, ill was difcovered fafe : her (heathing was fomcwhu worm-eaten, but every thing elfc was in guoJ order. There were a great number of ducks and ^((1^: flying about : but the captains were unwilling 10 fire at them, for fear of alarming the Indians. On the 8th they were vifited by three canoo, which contained five Indians. They had nntlimi;, however to difpofe of, except two river otter-fliiiii and two feal fltins, which Capt. Portlock purehaled, and gave them ;..Ib a prefent, by way of encourage- ment. The boats having been Tent out a few days before this with Captain Dixon, in order to acquire evcty neccflary information, they returned on (he loih. The following are the particulars of thi| excurliun, according to the captain's journal. The captain intended hid tn make Ilinchinbroice Cove, and tu proceed from thcnte to Snug Cowtcr Cove, where there was the ."•.eateft probability of mfCting with inh.^bitants. He we: -, wkh the two whale-boat* and the King Ucoige's long-'boat ; but bad weather coining on, he was obliged to put imo Cove in Montague Ifland about eight o'clock ; in < abuui uhuiit an hour alt proceeded round l.irgc bay. Here lumiing party, \ belonged to Cape the atttrnoon, he aiiJ innde the wha As the Indi.iiis on, C.ipr. Dixon and the renaiiidc lie might call th Iiiili.ini fciilked al m diHibi for an tiiit linJing the n ihty thin lelt tlici At tour o'clock c:ilil.iin weighed, bn.ke, where he ^ At this ])laccIiei'o 'lc\i fca-otter ikin iiAi art's Snug Co 11 .ikc liiin under! ihiie. 1 hough tl I IS ( uiiolity, and iridv. whether thi J It I he i!ny being 1. c(l to kcrj) his •A ;lie weather was I! Hiding for Snug r :;ci.s, would f)ea {..I :iikI liilliculty. A llrii't anil vjpi this night, if poll! .';|l' I ricfiling ore. Tl »:ih lor furs durir n;hc from that wh ihi N K. end of N \i.ii very daring .111 I'lrn'ily attack the ihc ho.iis till day-l IS 110 ilouht hut til ttif r.ipiiin had bri (Ktaliontd them ti lii'pes ol obtaining fri.i', ; "ell rerrc!! It' :b,r. II If .nj; bvihc n.itivc,' ir, " ljlt voyage, in opt Uiiring the nigh ciar ihcin j but at Hh, two Indians c |>u' the r.iptam to SI fii) treat didanc loconduc't him to fiacirpt this prop "''■•r, and fet off w 'mat at anchor 'II' his progrcf*. ' is w w'-ie.hiT I'.s or wlicthrr il "itlialalle report He had not got I'ld, and his guides |"iuinued the leaic ^y «hich time he ^H"- hay, and tin «itli heavy floims iioll ailvilcabic to he arrived about thi Mo, ^ PORTLOCK AND DIXON'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 97 alioiit an hour alccr ihc weather cleared up; and he proceeded round the N. E. end of the ifland into a l,irgc bay. Here he found fomc inhabitants on a hunting party, who, as he afterwards undcrftood, bilon{;cd to Cape Hinchinbroke. As it was late in ihc afternoon, he came to anchor in the long-boat, aiivl MKidc the whale-boats fall, one at each (idc. As tlic Indians did not depart when night came on, Cipr. Dixon ordered fix hands to keep watch, and the rtnaitidcr to have their arms ready, fo that he might call them at a moment's notice. The liuii.iiib fciilked about till near two o'clock, waiting r,o doubt for an oppoi tunity to cut the boats otl; but ruuling tlic men attentive to all their motions, ihty tl-en left them. At lour o'clock in the niornin}:, of the 6th, the captain weighed, and Hood over for Cape Hinchin- briAe, where he came to anchor at half pad ten. At this place he jound feveral Indians, and purchafed i-tiw fca-oticr Ikins. The Indians frequently pointed tow art's Snug Corner Cove, and endeavoured to rake iiiin uiiderlland that a veffel lay at anchor ihcic. 1 hough this circumftance ftrongly excited lis ( uiiolity, and made him particularly anxious to ini)v. whether this piece of intelligence was true, Kt the I'ay being by this time far fpci.t, he detcr- 1. ed 10 keep his prefent liiuation duriiur the night, ;s ihe vveather was very unpromifing; fo that their llimling for Snug Corner Cove, under fuch circum- li'ites, would be attended with fomc degree of dan- ^;, I and rlilliculty. A llric't and vigilant look-out was more neccflary iliis night, if polHbIc, than they had found it the I rirfding ore. 1 he Indians, whom they had traded »iih lor fuis during the afternoon, were a different tt he from that which wis met with in the bay at the N K. end of Montague Illand : their behaviour Ml. \cry daring and infolcnt, though they did not ilirciJtIy attack the Knglifti, and they did not leave the boats till day-light the next morning. There is no doubt but that a light of the various articles tticraptam had brought to trade with thefe people, (laalioned them to lurk about the whole night, in hopes of obtaining a booty ; but linding themfelves ti.lappninted, ihey paddled away, fcemingly much lulioiitcnied. larly in the morning of the 7th, the captain fit (Hit tor Snug Corner Cove j but the wind during the \iholc (!ay being very light, the long-boat made htile way, fo that the wlule boats were «)bligcd to tnU- her lu tow ; this retarded his palfagc fo much, that h ■ i'M not arrive in the cove till eleven o'clock m ihr , ..ni.'. Contrary to his cxpedlation, he fii.ir . ■!-■: m the tovc, neither did he perceive fnv 0' ' ,t':b)tantsi notwithftanding which, he orui', : . :■ ■i'-. llric't watch to be kept as before, wfll ren^C!! h' inc, that the Difcovery wa» boarded bvthc nativt* ir, is very cove, during Capt. Cook's lj|t voyage, in open day. During the night, none of the inhabitants c-mc Ptar thftn j but at day-light in the morning of the bih, two Indians came along-fide in a canoe, and i;a\e the captain to underHand that there was a fhip SI no ureal dillancc; at the fame time they offered tocnnilue't him to her for a firing of beads. Glad toacirpt thispropofal, he willingly enibraccd their fl' r, and let olf » ith the whale-boats, leaving the Hoat at anchor, as he was afraid (lie would only u* hi> progrrfi, and he was exceedingly anxious ■ k * wScJ'.T there really was a vcllirl in this |j>(. or whether the Indians had been amuftng him «itha lalle report. He had not |',ot far before the weather grew very l^d, and his guides gave him the flip : however, he itmtinuetl the leaich along (horctill twelve o'clock, h»luth time he hud got into the entrance of a ljt(;c bay, and the weather growing very fqually, »ith heavy (loims of fnow and fleet, he thought it iroiUdvilcablc to return to the lung'boat, where he arrived about three o'clock. No, 9. I At half part fix o'clock, fix canoes came into the cove where chey lay, and told the captain there was a (hip not far off, to which they were going, and offered to (hew him the way : the weather was thca very bad, but as they were going up the inlet, and' not out to fca, as his other guides h'd done in the morning, he fct out with them in his own whale- boat, leaving the other whale-boat, and the long* boat, in the cove. At ten o'clock in the evening, they arrived in the creek where the vellcl he fo much wifhed to fee lay. He found her to be a fnow, called the Nootka, from Bengal, commanded by a Capt Meares, under Englilh colours. Capt. Meares had wintered in the creek where Capt. Dixon found him, and his \t:ffd was fall in the ice. The fcurvy had made fad havock amongd his people, he having loll his fecond and third mates, the furgcon, boatfwain, carpenter, cooper, fail- maker, and a great number of the fore-malt men, by that dreadful diforder ; and the remaining pare of his crew were fo enfeebled at one time, that Capt. Meares himfelf was the only perfon on board able to walk the deck. It gave him very great pleafureto find two veffels fonear, whocould allifl him in fome meafure iii his diftrefs ; and Capt. Dixon had no Icfs fatisfadlion in alTuring him, that he (hould be furnifhed with every nccclfary he could polTibly fpare. As Capt. Mcarcs's people were now getting better, he defired Captain Dixon not to take the trouble offending any relrelh- ments to him, as he would vifit them very (iiortly in his own boat. Capt. Dixon left the Nootka at three o'clock in the morning of the 9th, and got to his boats about eight : at ten o'clock he weighed, and (tood down for their fliips, being now convinced that there was no prolpeCl of his meeting w ith any furs of confe- quencc. Towards noon it grew nearly calm, and the whale-boats were obliged to take the long-boat in tow. While they were proceeding in this manner acrofs the found, fomc canoes joined them, and one of the Indians had a few lea-otter (kins, which he offered to fell. Happening to calf his eyes on a frying-pan, which the captain's people in the long-boat had to drefs their victuals with, he requeficiF to have it in barter J accordingly, it was ofttred him, but he ab- folutcly refufed to take it entire.and defired them to break olf the handle, which he fcemcd to regard as a thing of inel\imablc value, and rejected the bottom part with contempt. Towards fix o'clock, the wind frefhening, the whale-boats were calt off, and foon afterwards the weather grew very rough, w ith conftant fnow and fleet, which occafioncd the boats to feparate. The night was very (tormy, and the captain did not get on board his own vefTel till four o'clock in the morn- ing of the loth. Captain Meares, accompanied by his firfV mate, Mr. Kofs, waited upon Captain Portlock, in their ow n boat : he met w ith a very hearty reception, and exchanged fome bags of rice for other articles, which ne and his company were in great want of. Capt. Meares mentioned that feveral (liips had, at ditrcrcnt times, been trading on the coalt, from India and China. This information gave Capt. Portlock much uncafinefs ; for as there had been fo many before-hand, it was natural to fuppofc that the Indians wcreat prefent drained of their fiira, and confequcntly their intended traflic would be much hurt. As Captain Portlock likcwifc underltood that another (liip wascx(>cdcd to arrive at King Gcoige',s Sound early in June next, he deemed it expedient that the King George and Queen Charlotte (nould feparate. A confultation accordingly took place with Captains Portlock and Dixon, and it was at lad agreed upon that the Queen Charlotte fliould pulh on for King George's Sound, in order to get the dart of the ex- pedetj veflel. MelT. Hayward and Hill, with fix of • B b th« .•■ I " mm '.''11 , m 98 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. the beft men, were likewife to make for Cook's River, in the King George's hing-boat, while the King George was to (lay in Prince William's Sound till the boat's return. Mefl". Hayward and Hill were to meet Captain Portlock in Hinchinbrooke cove, before the 20th of July: if they exceeded that time, they were to endeavour to procure for them- ftives and men a paflage to China from this found ; but if they could not find a vcflel that was that way bound, they were then to proceed immediately to Kodiac. and procure a paiFage to Europe by way of Afia. On the iith all hands were bufily employed in wooding, watering, brewing, and working in the hold. Tlie watering was completed in the after- noon. In order to aflift Captain Mearcs in carrying his veffel to Chi.ia, Capt. Portlock lent him two good feamcn, George Willis and Tim. Dixon, whochcar- fully acquiclccd to go on board the Nootka. Thefe men were to be returned at China. Capt. Meares was likewife furniflicd with a large fupply of rcfrclh- ments of every kind, particulaily cocoa-nuts, tor the fake of his lick people. At five o'clock the captain, and his firll mate, Mr. Rofs, took leave of Capt. Portlock. The particulars relative to C^aptain Mearcs's misfortunes, arcieferved for our future ac- count of that voy ige. The nth. Every tiling was no '•;tilng ready for failinc. At fi.\ o'clock in the 1 ■ " ttffrs. I laywaru and Hill let offin the long-br,. lok's llivcr, being furnifhcd with fi.\ weeks pi.; ms. On the 13th Itvcral canoes vifitcd the velirls ; in one of them was achicf of great confcquencc, whole name was Shcenanwa. There was no trade, though every one was bufy ■, the Indians in thieving, and the Englifli in watching: thcle were the moll au- dacious thieves that were yet mtt ; their very chil- dren wcie expert in the art. Captain Portlock perceiving their intention to pillage the boat, was obliged to lend out the wlulcboat ready armed, in order to prevent it. The captain's motive for ad- mitting the chief and his people on board his veflcl, was in hopes that fuch indulgence would encourage them to bring furs : thefe rogues, however, while they fung and danced, in order to amufe the cap. tain's people, were conveying every moveable away: at firft they began to Ileal iron and clothes, and then every thing they could meet with. When- ever detected in a theft, they relinquifhed it with. out any kind of concern, but they could hardly be prcvaileil upon to reftore any thing that they were once in pufTefllon of : the captain was at lafl in- duced, by compulfive means, to make them flop their depredations ; and now having left the velFel, and feeing the C^ieen Charlotte's whale-boat lying at anchor about two miles off, where fome of the crew were fifhing, thefe Indians paddling out of the bay, made direaly up to them, and finding them unarmed, prefently feized their filhing-lines, an/ were about forcing their anchor out of the boat: upon this, Capt. Portlock difpatched his whale boat and yawl, well manned, to prevent their dcfigns. Capt. Dixon likewife fired a Iwivel gun, and the plunderers were immediately difperlcd, but not without carrying off fome ipoils. One of thifo Inlians attempted to run a fpcar through a young man in the boat, bccaufe he rclnfcd to give up ins line: he was, however, prevented by their cliirf, who was fortunately contented with plundctiiig ni quiet. Capt. Dixon having taken leave of Capt. Port- lock, early on the i^tli they wcijjlied ; the Kmi^ George ftieied for 1 linchiiibroke, and the (^khi Chailottc kept Handing tor the pall.igc between Cape ilinchinbioke ami Montague lllaiid. On the 15th the King (Jcorge came to anciior, with the bell bower, in I'evcn lathom water, ovira mudily 'I'tti'm, and moored with the faull bowtr. The (^ccn Cliarlottle having been titlaycd wiih the baflliiig winds, did not reach Pure Mulgrjve till the 2jd. She anchored about eight o'clixk at night, in the northward point, with the linall buucr, in 65 fathom>, over a muddy bottom. '■'i BOOK II. C H A P T E R I. Advtntmci (J the Kin? Cecrf^f (oiilinued-^/lppearance of the Country— F.xcelUnt Sea-Otter Skins purchnfed—dii. Portlock t \amiiies the ILirhour — Sees the I'nfign ftyint — Retw ns on board— Vive C. noes along Jide — d few n^it Skins furch.ifed—V.tiptain I'ortlock determined to apply to Capt. S::ares Jor a Supply of Artii.ies to barter -.^iib— Fixes en the fecond Mate for the Expedition— The Carpenter and ethers build a I'unt fir it — t^iibi and Muflti piQiured Several Cinoei — Vaiious Employments — A Viftt from tuo Cinces— Information — Great Uneajmr/i— Fears removed — Me/J'' Crefileman and Briant ftnt on a trading Expedition — A Party fent to fow fome Vd./j— Jlelurn of MeJ/. Cicfsleman and Briant — Their Account — A plundenng Parly — Prudence cf the Boats' Licmi— Whale-boat and law! fent to ajftjl the Nootka— Mtjf. Hayward and Hill relumed — 'llcir Ji(ounl—ie>it cut attain— The Surgeon and ftck People go on Shore — A ^antity of fine Halibut and Cad—Ay\Jit from a i\\ hang 600 GOi eing conl\antly tly hauled, and ht at each luul ; nbirs along the night be caui^lit )k fcveral of the from fickncis •r watcr-crtfTc*. fully good clKct grals and made ilmon ; and, hy of watcr-crclTfs : |uantity to (iivc ,)lacc where tiicy which there was r from it was \ (I two feet high, rr-crcffcs. '1 liu Ttainly be ni.ul>: turned on buard Indians, came along-fulr, In tliis trip thiy ry bad weathtr, cccfs as they c\. » of tiie Koili.iL he moll tViciidly )[ the river, titeir wood and lore was got mi cs off the liijjhclk t (lall' about ten I vane on it, and lip'i uanie, with ^ ready for f«, ck in the moro< On quitting the of Port EtchH) land out of the broke ; but on ukcd very thick le rcfoluiion of ide of Montague the S. W. but not get through they were well Montague IfliDd jfervatiooi which tlock on Prince be obliged to re- n the voyagiJ of more cpious »t- , of t| e nativw. itU U. t faces and bav'> goodteetb, good .-: - ohin-- >» PORT % •^■?, v^ pnoii eyes, and (which is black tilt it upon the is the only wa '1 licic is very li and tlie men. iiK-lf ot the inl witliftanding th( iillliy in ncglccli becoming iouly inliiiiefs, they li whenever there 'I he men arc j they aretxcecdii any ['relents, bu r.hcities taken make any rcmai the reader lias h that inlU-ad ni lour to fix hioail, or therca the crevices filled fined ilwclh'ngi s the funimer the; llieltcr in fmall ti uiih a little bark A fuller dcfcrip (liilra, (liall be Q 1 laving ^ot cli lijiii's Sound, th biccze from the wirds to tlic fc ihe weather wai On the jd c line weather : th( fleck ; the (hip Iciaped fore atid Their prngrefi tardcii afferwardi ward, that the ( port near the fiti ' CroIMound. No. <;. ■*.4 PORTLOCK AND DIXON's VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. loi good ryes, and a good fcent. They wear their hair, (which u black and llraighf) very long; but they cut it upon the death at a relation or friciul, which is the only way whcithy they denote mourning. 'ilicic is very little difference between the women am! tlie men. They arc fond of ornaments, like iiidl of the inhabitants of other iflands; yet not- withftanding their partiality to (inery, they arc very fihhy in ncglcclinir their pcilbns, and conlcquently becoming louly ; and as a further proof of their iiiliinefs, they irrqucntly make ufe of thofe vermin whenever there is a icarcity of food. 'I he men are particularly attentive to the women ; they aretxcccdingly happy \vhen their ladies receive any [Tclcnts, but highly provoked if there are any Ibcities taken wiili them. It is unncecfl'ary to niakc any rcmaiks un their thieving difpolition, as tlic reader has had proofs of thati but wcmuft add, tli.it inlU-ad oi dexterity in thieving being held in tiiiiMacc among tl;eni, it is on the contrary in high ciiiiMtion, and he chat is the moll notorious is the iiu.lt admired. 1 he profefled thief is curiouily d.uihcj with paint, in order to attract the notice DiiJ .iilmiraticn of Ipcditois, and give his fingers an ( ppo) tntiity of pilfering. 1 hey flip their arms oc- ( iiiiiiially tnim out of the fleeves of thofe frocks of Iki'.s which they always wear, and under thefe frocks iiiiiccal their liolen articles, till they can convey il;iM to tliiir canoes: yet, notwithflanding this I ht( I lug inclination, they are a good kind of people, ii! il Aouid no doubt be toon corrected of this vice, II the iiitcrcourle between liicm and the EngliQi had Ic. II ot any duration. I lie cuuiiiry abounds with large trees of the pine kirnl, a lort ot hazel, and a great quantity of alder : tl. re IS alfo a great deal of fruit-bulbes, bilberry, r.'lbciry, draw berry, alderberry, red and black ciiiLiiit bufliea, &:c. They have alfo plenty of wild ciltiy, water -crefTes, four dock, fhcphcrd's puife, ar,L;clica, hemlock, wild peas, &c. None of the leed wliicli the Englifli had (own produced any thing wliilc they weie there. 1 he alder-buds were once iiicd by the Lnglilh as greens; they boiled exceed- ingly well and tender, and were much reliflied, but U'T a day and a half the partakers thereof were u\ll purged: on fume it a^d as an emetic. The Inuls ut the young black currant-bufhes. lui.xed with the pine tops, made very plcafant tea. I lie inhabitants live upon whatever fiOi and ani- ni lis they can get. They dry their iilh in the fun, hiving no other way of preferving it; their frefh fiih they roaft before a fire. They drefs their ani- II j1 food in bafkets or wooden vcfleis, by putting tltdcto icd-hot ilones. They cat the vegetables ticir country affords, and the inner bark of the pine-tree. Ihcir winter habitations are ill contrived, being fi' 111 four to fix feet high, ten feet long, eigUt feet lioad, or thereabouts, built with thick plank, and the ( revires filled up with dfy mofs. In thefe con. fined dwellings a great number live together. In tlic fiimmer they wander about, and occaltonally fhelicr in fmall flieds ercAed of a few ilicks covered vith a little bark, or their canoes. A fuller dcfcription of their weapons, cuQoms, ind (!i.ili'uecn Charlotte might be fomewhere about the Cape. Asf'oon as the Indians received their prefents, they left the fliip, and went on Ihore; they returned immediately after, with a few good dry fea-otter (kins; but they were not fo particular in dre/Ting and Itrctching them as the natives of Prince Wil- liam's Sound and Cook's River: one of their drefTed (kins being flicwn to a chief among thefe Indians, he knew immediately whence it came, and al(b de- fcribcd what fort of people thole in the Sound were, informing the captain that they had a frequent in- tcrcourlc with them, in the courfe of which fome quanels arole, iuid battles were conCequently the iilue. The daggers which thefe people ufe in battle can ftab at either end, having three, four, or five inches tapered to a Uiarp point above the hand. When evening approached, the Indians were about taking their leave again ; but as they were defirous to fecure the captam's fricnd(hip. they pro- poled leaving one of their party on board for the night, and taking one of his people on (hore. This the captain chearfullv aequicfced with, as thefe men were neither inclined to thievery or mifchicf, and it was alfo a favourable opportunity of making fome ncceffary difcovcries relative to their country and manners. One of the captain's men was accord- ingly fcr with them on fliore, while for his greater fecurity two Indians (who were handfomc, good- looking men, and appeared to be brothers) were retained. During their ftay on board, they behaved remarkably well. Earl. >n the 7th, the Indians returned with the tbka thv/ had taken away the night before, but they ' C « brought . :M, ilt."'" y M 11 .|.:{ln Ii Ini 1 102 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES Ahv TRAVELS. brought vfry little trade. The perfon who went on fliore with theoi reported, that their rcfidence wasat the foot of a hiU, near a river of frefli water, which iflued out of an adjacent valley. Their houfe, for they had but one^ appeared to be only a temporary habitation, and they feemed to have but few articles of trade amoogft them. About this time the long-boat was hoifled out, and having been properly equipped, was fent on a trading expedition towards Cape Edgecombe, and among the iflands tn the S. £. of that cape, with the lame party that went with her to Cook's River. They bad orders to return in 1 7 days ; and in cafe they met with the Queen Charlotte, to defire Capt. Dixon to return with them, and (lay in the ofHng till the King George was ready to join her ; it being now Captain Fortlock's intention to leave the coall about the latter end of the month, and proceed for China, unlefs they met with a better trade. On the 8th the carpenter was fent on (hore, to cut down fome white cedar, with which the couc^try abounded, for the purpofe of fawing into flieathing boards. The remainder of the (hip's company were put to feveral neccflary employments. A fmall canoe, with one man and a woman in her, came along-Hde this day ; but they had nothing to difpofe of: they Aaid for a (hort time, and then re- turned on (hore, to inform their tribe (as it was fnp- pofed) of the (hip's being in the harbour. The Indian boat repeated their vifit towards evening, and the two young men who before Qepx on board were now delirous of fpcnding another night in the ve(rcl. The captain readily complied with their de(ire ; and one of his apprentices, Jofeph Wood cock, Qepi on (hore with the natives. The Indians took up their abode that night in a fmatl bay near the (hip. where there was a hut ere^ed, which was far more miferabie than their other habitation. The whale-boat caught fome falmon to-day, fome of which wi% exceedingly good, and others were very bad, with a difagreeable colour, which were thrown away. The fmall canoe which came in the morning with the man and woman in her, repeated her vifit about eight o'clock ; (he wis accompanied with two large boats, which contained about 25 men, women, and children. Thcfe people behaved exceedingly well, and proinifed to bring fome good furs the next ntorning. They fung for about an hour, and when they took their leave retired to the fmall bay where the Indian boat went. Some had built temporary huts, and others Iheltercd themfelves among the rocks< The next morning they fulfilled their pni- mife, and brought with them fome good (ca-octci and a quantity of fine black (kins. As this tribe did not (hew the leaft thieving difpolition, feveral of them were admitted on board, and they traded very fairly. It being dinner-time, and every thinj; accordingly prepared in the cabin, the captain alkcd his new viGtcrs to partake ; they readily accepted his invitation, and fu well did they reli(h the victuals, that they were obliged in a (hort time to rcplcnilii the di(hes. During the fecond courfe thcle guclU eat as hearty as before. When they had fatisfied themfelves, they then admired the velfel, and in a (hort time after returned to (bore, highly delighted with their entertainment, and fume prcfcnts which they had received. Another Indian boat, from the N. W. appeared in the afternoon, with two men, a boy about twelve years old. and a young child. One of the men ap. peared to be a perfon of confequence, being re- markably majeftic and well-looking. There were fume good fca-ottcr Ikins, and feveral wild gccfe bought of thefe Indians, who were adorned with ornaments quite different fro' ly hitherto feen. When they had iinifhed trading, the good-look. ing fellow, who feemed to be a chief, requefted tlic captain's pertnif1tou.to fiay on board with the younj; lad for that night. Captain Portlock immediately acquiefced, and fent Jofeph Woodcock on Ihore with the other man and child. The next morniog (the loth) this man and boy took their leave of the Englilh ; the formrr adur- ing the captain that he would in ten days time vi!'': him again, and bring with him mere fea-ottcr I (kins. ,_ ^._j ,...i..^,. ...-1^ ,,. ,„ ■t , CHAPTER II. ,...J'. ...... ;,.! n',i<' ' ini i '1 r jiri ifsa ,i ,,ia f»M xu «f i I: SB' Trade Jiill carried on— Indian Tea di/covered — Captain Portlock vifits the Indians* Rejidenu-Seme of the Nalita narked with the Small-Pox— Employments — Return tf the Long-Boat — Their Account— James Blake faved hy John M'Coy — The Captain furveys part of the Sound— 'Defcriftlon of an Edifice'— A Vifit from Ibefuppcfed Chief, who afls different CharaHert — Natives fond of Jrfepb Woodcock— The King George vjeigbs Ancvor, and fiandi cut of the Sound— Chara^er of the North-Weft Natives— They velgb, and comt le fail—Owbyhee feen—ViJiUl h fi'vtf^l Canoes — Pt{lh on for Attoui — Edge away ftr Wymoa Bay-^-Tbt Uagi of that I/land tamed^h'ews tf the Nootia and ^een Charlotte— Captain Dixon's Letter tabooed— A IiUjfenge difpatched to the King-' Capt. Portlock anchors at Ontehvw— Vifit ed by the King, &c.—Obfervations, Rema ksy &(.'T4ncLer welghd —They proteed to China. ON the nth Auguft another ftrangc tribe came into the Sound from the eaftward, in two large boats, conlilling of 25 men, women, and children. They difpofed of a few fmall black Ikins, and fome good fea-otter ditto. When they had fatisfied their curiodty, they retired to a convenient houfc on ihore, in a bay not far from the Ihip, which was well covered with cedar-bark; for tliis tribe did not herd with the other Indians. On the 1 2th fome of the fliip's company were fent on (hore, to recreate themfelves. This party, in their ramble, difcovered a quantity of Indian tea : which, upon trial, proved an excellent fublUtute for their other tea, which by this time was nearly ex- pended. Captain Portlock, in the forenoon, went in the whale-boat with Mr. Whilbye and one of the young Indians, (who were conftant vifiters) in order to vifit their rcfidence. After proceeding a confi- derablc way up the Sound, they arrived at the Indian's habitation about noon, and found one fioail temporary houfe and the ruins of two other** which bad been much larger, and appoared to have been made ufe of as winter bahitations. On the beach was a large boat, capable of holding thirty perfoni, and three others to hold ten people each. i'rom this circumftance, the captain expeded to have feen a numerous tribe, and was quite ftirprifcd to find only three men, three women, the fame number of girU, and two boys about 1 2 years old, and two intaflts. The oldeft of the men was vcrv much marked with the fmaU-pox (, as ifras a girl, who appeared to be about 14 years old. The old man endeavoured to defcribe the cxceffive torments he endured wbilft be was afilifted with the difordcr that had marked his face, and gave Captain Port- lock to undcrftand that it happened fofne years ago: he faid the didemper carried off great numbers ot the iohabitants,and that himfcU had loft tcnchildrea by it. He had ten ftrokes tattooed on one of hit aroM, which were fo many mat)u for the number o( cliildjrca be Mi k4> *S,. ;^ PORTLOCK AND DIXON'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 103 As none of the children under ten or twelve years of age were marked, there is great rcafon to fuppofe llie difnrder raged but little more than that number of years ; and as the Spaniards were on this part of thecoad in 1775, it is very probable that tliefe fooT wretches ciught this fatal infci^ion. They were nmongll them in the height of fummer, and probably they caught thcdiforder about the month of AuguR. To fee their manner of living at that feafun of the year, one would think it a miracle that any of them efcapcd with their lives : nteni women and children were all huddled together in a clofe bdiife near a large fire, and entirely furrounded vvitii (linking fi(h : round the houfe, for at leall one hundred yards, and all along the banks of a little creek that ran down by this miferable dwelling, were ftrcvvcd with {linking filh ; and in feveral places were bed:i of maggots a foot deep, and ten or twelve feet in circunitercnce ; nAy, the place had Inch a dreadfully oift-niive fmell, that even the ynung Indian himfelf, though habituated to fuch wretched fcencs from his earlied infancy, having now been abfcnt a fewdjys, could not bear it, but carncftly entreated the captain to return on board. The fufi'erings of the poor Indians, when the diforder was at its height, mud have been incon- ceiv.tble ( and no doubt the country was nearly de- {lopulated, it being at prcfent very thinly inhabited. A number of the Indians who came into the Sound from the eaflward were marked with thefmall-pox, and one man in paiticular had loll an eye by that dilorder; but none oi the natives from the weft ward had the leall traces of it. Thefc circumftances nidcc it probable that the vefl'cl, from which thefe unfortunate Indians caught the infedion, was ia a harbour fomcwhere about Cape Edgecombe; and none of the natives to the wellward of this found Laving any intercuurfe with her, by that means happily efcaped the diforder. On the 13th another party of the fliip's company vent on (hore to recreate themfelves. They alfo brought home feme Indian tea: fomc very fine fca-(Utcr (kins were alio purchafed of the natives tiiisdiy. On the 14th every perfon was employed, feme in wooding and watering, aiul others in fiihing ; the cirprnters in fawmg cedar, &c. On the 1 5tli, the long-boat returned from her expedition to the eallward of Cape Edgecombe, when they had brought Ibmc pretty good liea-utter Si\i\y. The people with whom they bartered had a number of aiticles, the fame as tholie on board the Kin;; (icorge ; fuch as tiu kettlei, rings, &c. fo that it was pretty cviilcnt the Charlotte had been in :Iiat neighbourhood. Whilft tbey w«rr at anchor, and hufied in putting the boat to rights, ionie of the Indians cut their cable, aod a^crwards made fur the fliore. The people in the loag>boat puri'ued tlicm, and deftroyed their canoes ■, but the Indiaofs iicd into the woods with precipitation. Oo (be Inng-boat's return, James Blake, one of thcp^oplc, fell overboard, but was provideptijilly ;fiived ,t)y another of the crew, John M'Coy, fUrimmimg to him with an oar, by which, he kept himfelf above water till they got him on board. On the 16th and 17th the peopk were, employed asulual, and on the iBth, Captain Portlock went in the whale-boat to futvcy part of ttte found, aod landing in a fmall bay, found a fort of monument, creeled probably to the memory of fome diftin- guinu-d chief. This edifice was coropofcd of four polls, each about twenty feet long, and (luck in the ground, about lix feet diftant from each other. About twelve feet from the ground tliere M!U a rouj^h boarded floor, in tlie middle of which, an Indian chcft was depolited ; and on that part ofthe edifice which pointed up the found, there was r ''ted the refcmblance of a human face. As none >. inhabitants were near, thejr intended to exa- mine the chell ; but on one of the boat's crew at-: tempting to get up fdr that purpofe, the whole fabric had like to have given way, on which he de- fiiled, as Captain Portlock was not willing todeftroy a building that probably was looked on by the In- dians as (acred. The captain returned on board in the afternoon : during his abfence Mr. Hill had purchafed a few excellent ikins. On the 20th, their late vifiter froirt the N. W. made his appearance in a large boat, along with about twenty men and women, and twelve chil- dren. This fuppofed chief came along-fide with great parade, and finging in their ufual way, and by way of addition, their finging was accompanied by in(>.rumental mufic, fuch as a large old cbeft fop a drum, and two rattles. He was dreffed in an old cloth cloak that formerly had !iecn fcarle% with fome old gold fringe about the O.oulders, and or- namented with buttons down each fide : with this coat, and his hair full of white down, (which they always wear when in 'ull drefs) he difplayed great importance. He had befidcs in his boat, another old drelii that was compofcd of diflferent coloured pieces, and worn chiefly by his wife. The chief did not produce any thing for fale, but foon went on fliore, probably to fort his trade, for he foon returned ; but did not cume on board until he had entertained them with finging j during which time, the chief aded difl'crent charaftcrs, and always changed his drefs for each reprcfentation ; at the Cime time, fume of his people held up a large mat by way of (iccnc, to prevent them on board from feeing what was going on behind the curtain. At one tmie he appeared in the characfter of a warrior, with all the ferocity of an Indian about him ; and at another *imc, he reprefented a woman, in which character he wore a very curious ma(k, reprefenting a woman's face. After this entertainment was over, the chief and fome of his people went on board, and trade commenced. During the day. Captain Port- lock bought about twenty-five pieces of good fea- otter Ikins ; but the chief traded in fo very tedious a manner, that he could not ptirchafe the whole of his furs before the evening came on. The chief remained on board with one of his people ; and as he required a hoftage, Jofeph Woodcock was fenC on Qiore with his party. Woodcock having irequeotly been on (hore as an hoftage, was well known to the natives, and they (cemcd very fond of his company. On one of thefe occaflons, he remained amongft the Indians for three days, during which time he had an opportunity of (eeiog their cuftoms and mode of living. Their filth and naftine(i> were beyond conception ; their food, which confided chiefly of fi(h, was mixed up >vith dinking oil, and other ingredients equally dif- agreeable ; and the remains of every meal were thrown into a corner of their hut, upon a heap of the fame kind that was in a date of putrcfadlion, which, together with large quantities of fat and .(^inking oil, caufed a very loathfome and olFenfive fniell i and what rendered it dill worfe, the fame apartment ferved them both to eat and deep in. This uncomfortable fituation, frequently induced Woodcock to take a ramble into the wqods ; but he was always narrowly watched by fome of his new companions, who feemed to apprehend that he .was endeavouring to make his efcape from them. Once in particular, having rambled a confiderable diftance from the Indians place of refidence, he be- gun to amufe himfelf with whidling, not expcAing* if the natives heard him, it could poflibly be a mat> ter of offence I but in this he w^ miftaken, for fe- veul of them iinmediatcly ran up to him and infided upon his giving over : at fird he did not comprehei^d their meaning, and went on with his whidling ; however, one of them foon put a flop to it, by I^- ing his hand on Woodcock s mouth, being appre- hcqdvjt that he meant the whiiUiog m a ^nal for 'I ^l;^ ;!^' 4- il^ ^iiiiA 1 1 ^t! H 'i-X .1 3 ,„'SH,« 'MM 104 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. m fome of his ooinp^tnions to come for him. Except their watching him fo clofely, they always tieated him with great kindncfs, and at meal-times gave him what ihc)' confidered as choice dainties t mix- ing his GQi with plenty of (linking oil, which in their opinion gave it an additionii and mod agree- able reliih ; and he found it no eafy matter to per- fuade them to let him eat his fi(h without fauce. On the aid trade again commenced, and the chief at lad difpofed of all his furs. Captain Port- lock finding the adjacent neighbourhood was ftript of all their furs, determined to go to fea the fim opportunity. Accordingly, in the morning of the 33d, ti.-y weighed anchor, and flood out of the Sound. Thiij party from the N. W. were much more ad- dii^ecf to thieving than any of the Indians in the Sound ; and it was allonilhing to fee with what patience they would wait, when once they had fixed on any thing to fteal, and with what dexterity they would convey their booty away. One fellow took a liking to Cap^alu Poitlock's drinking-mug, and he got It under his fiock i but, unfortunately for the poor fellow, it happened to be half full of beer, a part of which fpilling over, dilcovered the thief. Notwithftanding two people were conflantly in the cabin to watch the Indians, one fellow found an opportunity to get a cutlafs under his frock, and was not dilcovered till he was going down the fide of the fhip ; and another found means to fleal four pair of worfled flockings, with which he got out of the fhip undifcovered. The men are about the fize of Europeans* their afpeA is fierce and favage ; this and their drefs give them an appearance of warriors. They ufc daggers, and long-pointed fpears ; arc eafily provoked, and are very vindiflive when en- raged. On account of fome trifling difagreements in trade, the captain was frequently threatened : however, as he kept his piflols ready charged before him, he was prudently guarded againfl any violent attack. Thcle natives, it is fuppofed, are unac- quainted with polygamy, as not even a chief was fcen with more than one woman, to whom he ap- peared particularly attentive and affectionate. The women at this Sound, (which has obtained the name of Portlock's Harbour) disfigure them- felves in a mofl extraordinary manner, by making an incifion in the under lip, in which they wear a ftiece of wood of an oval JForm : they wear them argc in proportion to their age, and fome old wo- men had them as large as a tca-faucer. The weight of this trencher weighs the lip down, and leaves all the lower teeth entirely expofed ; which gives them a very difagreeable appearance. When eating, they generally take more in the mouth than they can fwallow, ind after mafticating it, they put part on the piece of wood, and take it in occafion- ally u they empty tlicii^ mouths. The children have their lips bored when about two years old, and wear a piece of copper-wire to prevent it from clofing ; this they wear until they are about four- teen years old, when they take out the wire and introduce a piece of wood nearly the fize of a but- ton. Both fexes (as is the general charaderiflic among the Indians) are addidled to indolence and lazinefs, are fond of dirt and filth, and differ but little io their manners and cufloms from tfaofe of Prince William's Sound : were it not for their nafli- nefs, the women are very enga^jing ; their carriage is modcfl, and their features in general pleafing. Their apparel is the fame of that worn by the men. Long hair is deemed a great ornament : the women wear theirs cither clubbed behind, or tied up in a bunch on the crown of their head : the men wear theirs fometimcs tied, but more generally loofe, dreflcd with birds' down. The wives drefs their huIbandV hair, and alfo keep their treafuren. The men and women eat toji;etlicr. On the 22d they weighed, and came to fail t the ndct day they cleared the rocks, and ou the 24th they flood to the S. W. by S. the land in figlit ; the wind 3. E. by S. the weather thick and rainy. Nothing remarkable occurred during their palFage from the coafl to Sandwich Iflands. Sept. 27th thev faw Owlr hee, about eight leagues dillant. On the aStii they were vilited by feveral canoes, who brought in great abundance the different pro. dudionsot their ifland. A quantity of hogs, vege- tables, &c. were purchafed. The King George now left Owhyhec, and pufhed on for Attoui. On the ifl of Oftober, after it was dark, feveral Indians were heard calling after the I-Inglifh, and prefcntly a canoe was fcen paddling towards the vefTel : fhe was from Mowec, but had nothin,i» to difpofe of I after flaying a few minutes along-iidc the fhip, fhe returned towards the fhore. Tiiis canoe was fo very finail, that fhe could hardly contain the two men who were in her. Oclober 3d, they were about two leagues from the fouth point of Attoui ; on which tiicy cHi'cd away for VV'ymoa Bay. In running alnnp-flioie they met with feveral canoes, from whom it was underllood that their king was at Onechow, imj that before he left the illand he hnd tabooed tlic hogs. Capt. Portlock was alfo informed, that the Nootka and Cliiccn Charlotte had been at 'hit illand ; that the former did not anchor, but pr.i. ceeded to Oncehow, where flie lay ; ami that ti:e latter remained but two days in the bay. l{;c captain was likcwifc informed, that taptain Dixon had left a letter for him with Abbenooe, which lay at his houfe in Wymoa. 1 his induced the ca; tun to flretch in tor the bay, and being about a n.ilc from the fhore, brought the maintop-fail to the m nt. Tahiree the king's fon came on board, and in- formed the captain that the letter was tabooed in the houfe, confequently the captain muft wait till Abbenooe arrived, or fcnt clircrtions for its delivery. As this was the cafe. Captain Portl;w:k bore awa- for Ooeehow, where he came to anchor on the .•• with a view of procuring all the yams that he coi until the meffcnger who was lent for the letter rived. The king's fon and a chief of fome conic- quence, named Tabooaraance, accompanied the captain to Oneehow. About two in the afternoon, the king, Abbcnnnr, and feveral chiefs, came on board, and brought witli them a quantity of yams and potatoes, Tabooa- raanee the chief (who belonged to Owhyhec) wis received very cordially by the king and his people. Abbenooe informed Captain Portlock, that the let- ter which was at Wymoa fhould be fent for imme- diately, and infifted upon the captain's flaying at Oneehow, till the meffenger returned, which would be io the courfe of thirty-fix hours. A canoe wis accordingly difpatched for it, and during its (lay a brifk trade wu carried on : they were likewitc fiip- plied with water by the natives. The captain's boats returned in the evening, not having made any ^eat purchafe. One of the crew had iod his fhoe m the fnrf, and Abbenooe being informed ot the place where he had diopt it, would, in fpitc of all intreaties to the contrary, go in fearch thereof, though it was now evening, and the wind blowing veiyfrefh: for this old man observed that one Ih >c wu of no ufe, and accordingly he went to leek it. In left than an hour he returned with the (hoc aad buckle, and exulted not a little upon his fuccefs. The time was now diverted wiih different ac- counts : Tabooaraance the chief, informed Captait Portlock that he was prefent when Captain Cook was killed. A great number of (he people weie wounded from the fire at different times, the ma- jority of whom perifhed. Several of the chiefs upon the return of the Englifh, were afraid that they came to refent their countryman's fall. The chief alfo fhowed the captain a dagger, fimilnr to that with which Captain Cook fuficred. This chief was | a tall, well-made, haudfouic fellow. ». Onl y„ and cfs. ntac- iptait CoolC : weie c mi- they ; chief On .7r,'M 'rlsll 'IMh ffi 11 \ •N. / .M^...^ V««aM>]»«k »»»■ i f A '\ai(i of Karakakooa liay; and as you draw to- •' waiJs K.irikakooa, you will get a plentiful fup- " ply of fine hogs, bread-fruit, and fwect potatoct, " taro, fugar-canc, and cocoa-nuts. " This illand is not famous for the fweet-root ; •< and between Karakakooa and the fouth point you =' iii.iy procure all the refrrOiments the ifland affords, •■ and you may alio get the nalives to bring ofl° " frtdi water enough for prefent ufe. Take care » tlioy do not cheat vou, by filling their callabafltes x with fait water, which they will do, and fell it, " if you are not careful in tailing : fevcral of my " people were cheated this way. And hereabouts " is the fituatinn I would recommend for faking " pork ; you w ill have the open ard unconfined " air, and at the fame time moderate breezes and * fmjoih water, which enable the canoes to come off " with g(ea:er care and fatcty with their hogs and fait. " I'lom Jiis part I would advil'e the navigator to " run for the wefl end of Uanai, (the bearmgs and " JilUuces of thefe iflands front each other will be found by confulting the chart of them in Capt. Cook's lad voyage) and from that point fail di- rectly for the weft point of Morotoi. Should night come on, there is anchorage to the northward of the weft point of Morotoi, (heltered from tho prevailing winds- Af... leaving this ifland, fail diredly for fhe S. E. point of Woahoo, and on rounding thi.f. point anchor in King George's Bay. If found necelJliry to flay there any time, it would be advifeable to buoy the cables. At this ifland I would advife the watering and wood- ing bufincA to be done, not by fending on fliorc for either article, but by encouraging the natives to bring them to the veflt-i. «' To give any further diredlions refpet^ing the navigation asTiong thefe iflands would be luper- fluous, as every particular on that head may be colledled from the detail of occurrences during our fecond vifit to them. I cannot help obferv- ing, that I think their lituation and produce may be produ^ive of material benefit to our new fec- tlement at Botany Bay, and at the fame time be a confiderable faving to government in the articles of provifions, which may be purcliafed here at a trilling cspence." On the 4th of November they pafled the iflands of Saypan and Tinian. The white cattle, which Lord Aofon fays the ifland of Tinian fo much abcunds with, were fecn grazing on the plains. Bo;h thefe iflands appeared remarkably bcautifult on account of their abounding in trees. From this to the 1 8th, nothing material hap. pened. Early this morning they were furrcunded by a number of Chinefe fifliing-boats ; and fooo afterwards a Chinefe veflel was fecn fleering towards them. They fltortened fail, and a boat was feiu on bojrd her for a pilot : (he foon returned with one. who having made his terms with captain Purtlock, conveyed the (hip to Macao-roads. Ol the 30th, at half paft ten, thev came to anchor with the beft bower, in nine fath )m.'. muddy bot- tom. The city of Macao bearing N. W. half N. diftani about lix leagues. On the lift tbey weighed and ilood towards ^7acao, and at half paft four anchored with the beft bower in four fathoms and a half, muddy bottom, in Macao-road. The town bearing E. by S. three leagues diftant. The whale-boat was fcnt on fliore to Macao at five in the morning : flie returned with a letter from Capt. Dixoo, whofe adventures during this feparatiun Ihall be the fubjeft of our two fuc- ■ cceding chapters. C H A P T E R III. tnttedbigs tf the Slut(n Charlottt — /tncbora^e — Dfjlrlfition ami Name cf the Harbour — VlJiteJ by the Natives-m, TImr Charatler—Manntrt, Ornaments, ire. — Dejcriftion of their Huts — Singular Way of Je/>oJ!ttnfr their Dead —The ^itn charlotte wei^js Ancbt, —Arrives at Norfolk Sound Defrlptlcn of the I'/au— Various Rmarks ujUH the Natives, &c.—Tl>e Vejfel Wilghs Anchor — Proceeds al lannns. Ornaments —Ihtlr Lanjiuim— Scarcity of Furs, &c. Ikjirlptlcn of tof riitce— Various Remarks . .. „ the Cca/1—Jnchcraj!^e — Defcription of Port Banks— Various Tranfafllons—Defiarlure — Meet with Niitlves A brijk Trade— Hepfab IJland difcovered— R/marks'^Trade kept uf—De/criptlon ijf one of the Chiefs— 'Tbf huluins iittempt to Jleal Furs— Two Engllfb Vejftls tiut— Brief Account of the American Coafl — Chara£ler c/tbt Natives, iic. WHF.N the Qiiccn Charlotte took leave of the King (ieorfre, (he kept coafting along, in linpeiof nieciing with an hat hour on her pafiagc to King George's Round. Notidng material occurred till ths 2id of May, when there being cvety fign of u inlet, and contequeatly a likelihood of meeting «ith inhabitants and a goou trade, Capt. Dixon WIS determined to try it ( but as the weather was very unfavourable, the examination was poflponed (ill the next morning, when about fix oclock tn" »halc.bn»t was hoiltrl out, and Mr. Turner, ihe I ftionil mate, (cut into the bay, which b^re N. N.£> lot the purpofe cf finding an anchoring- place. No. y, In about two hours Mr. Turner returned, and informed the captain that he hail difcovered an ex- cellent harbour, and fecn a number of inhabitant-. Upon this the yaul was hoiftcd out, and fent a-head with the whale-boat, in order to tow the vcfl'cl into the bay 1 but, after ftruggling for fome time, the/ found all their towing was to no purpofe, as the tide was very ftrong agaioft them. T,bey (hen began to warp up tlic bav i but their prugrefs waa very flow, as it was eight o'clock in the evening when they came to anchor with the fmiji bower, in 6 c fathoms water, over a muddy l^ttoai, about a mile's dillance from ihore, * D d While ^11 W 1 tf '■ '"f'.v t\ 1'^ '% y ll V s| 1 Ll' io6 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. PORTL f a While warping into the bay, they were vifited by fcvcral canoes. Thofc canoes were quite different from ihofe in Prince William's Sound, being con- Uruded altogether ot wood, much in the form of the Englilh whale-boats, and finifticd in a very neat manner. On the 24th thefewcfea great number of natives feen on the beach, nc^r the entrance of a narrow creek, which appeared to lead a great didance into the country, and widened as it advanced in fhorc. Thofc natives made fignals to the Englilh to come on Ihore. There was alfo a finoke feen at a fmall diftance round the point, proceeding from behind fonie pines : the captain imagining this to be the chief refidence of the Indians, went in the whale- boat to furvcy the place, in hopes of finding a more convenient anchorage : he met with fevcral inhabi- tants, and a few temporary huts. They weighed anchor at eight o'clock, and began to ply into the harbour to the northward, having now a frcfli caft- erly breeze. In the forenoon they anchored in eight 'athom water, over a foft muddy bottom, clofe to the fliore, and very near two large huts. In this harbour they were comfortably Ihcltcred from wind and weather, being completely land-locked. The iflands which furrounded, were entirely free from fnow : thofe iflands formed fcvcral creeks and har- bours. There was fome high mountainous land to the northward and wellward covered with fnow, and which appeared to be part of the continent: there were a great many pine-trees of dittcrcnt fpccics, witch-ha/.cl, brufhwood, &c. Their vegetation was at prefcnt in too young a ftatc- to admit of any judgment on its iiu.»lity. There were feveral flirubs ofdilferent kinds fpringing up: alfo a few wild- geefc and ducks, which the captain occafionally mot, to the gren' furprize of the inhabitants. This harbour, which was m latitude 59 ^cg. tj min. N. and in longitude 140 dcg. W. was named by Capt. Dixon Port Mulgrave, in honour of the Right Ho- nourable Lord Mulgrave. During their ftay here, they were conftantly vi- fited by the natives. They were greatly pleated at the arrival of the lliip ; and underllanding that they were come for furs, an old man brought ten excel- lent fea-ottcr Ikms, which he Ibid for towees. This circumlhncc, together with their I'eeing very few ornaments amongll the Indians, gave them reafon to expect a good traffic j but a few days convinced ihcm that their conjedures were built on a fandy foundation, for they procured very few valuable furs, and the Indians were remarkably tedious in their trading: lour or lix of them would come along-fidc in a canoe, and wait an hour before they produced any thing to fell ; they then by fignificant ihrugs, would hint at having fomething to difpoli: of, and wifh to fee what would be given in exchange, even before their coniniodity was cxpofed to view. If this manoeuvre did not fucceed, a few trifling pieces of old fea-otter Ikins were produced, and a confiderable time was takeu up in concluding the bargain. This harbour was calculated to contain about fcventy inhabitants, including women and children; they in general are about the middle-fize ; their limhs Uraight and wclUOiaped 1 but like the other inhabitants on thecoall, are particularly fond of painting their faces with a variety of colours 1 fo that it is no cafy matter to difcover their real com- plexion: however, one woman was prevailed on by perfuafion and a trifling prrfent, to wafti her face and hands, and the alteration it made in her appear- ance was abfohitcly furpnfing; her countenance had all the chearlul glow of an rvnglifti milk-ma'dt tnd the healthy red whiih flufhcd her chcet, was even beautiful' <:ontraftcd with the whitenefs of her neck: her eyes were black and fparklingj her eye- brows the fame colour, and moft beautifully arched ; her forehead fo remarkably clear, that the tranflu- cent veini were fccn meandring even in their minu- tell branches : in fliort, flic was what would be reckoned handfomc, even in England. But this fymmetry of features is entirely dcftroyed by i cuftom extremely Angular, and which lias never been mentioned by any navigators whatever: an aperture is made in the thick part of the under-lip, and incrcafcd by degrees in a line parallel with the mouth, and equally long. In this aperture, a piece of wood is conftantly wore, of an elliptical form, about half an inch thick ; the fuperHcics not tin] but hollowed out on each fide like a fpoon, but not quite fodcep; che edges are likewile hollowed in the form of a pulley, in order to fix this precious ornament more firmly in the lip, which by this means is frequently extended at leafl three inches horizontally, and confequently diflorts every feature in the lower part of the face. This curious piece ol' wood is worn only by the women, and fcenis to he confidered as a mark of dillinvition, it not bciiii/ worn by all indifcriiiiinately, but only by thofc who appeared in a fuperior ftation to the red. Their huts arc the moft wretched that can be con- ceived : they are formed of a few poles fluck in the ground, without order or regularity, enclofcd aiij covered with loofe boards; and fo li"ie care is taken in their conftrutUon, that they arc quite iiifunicieiu to keep out the fnow or rain ; the numerous liuiiks and crannies fervc, however, to let out the finokt- no particular aperture being left for that purjiolc. The inlide of thcfe dwellings exhibits a complete piihire of dirt and filth, indolence and lazinels; in one corner are throw n the bones and rcmaininj^ IVar. ments of viduals left at their n^als ; in another, art- heaps of filli, pieces of flinking Hclh, grcal'c, oil, &c. In fliort, the whole fcrvcd to flievv in how wretched a ftatc it is pofTiblc for human beings to cxifl; and yet thefe people appear contented with their fituation, and probably enjoy a greater portion of tranciuillity than is to be found under the giKlcJ roofs of the moll delpotic monarch. "Tis probable, that the chief reafon why thcfe Indians take no greater pams in the ftnidurc of their habitations u, that their lituatioii is merely tem|>orary ; no fooncr does the mafter of a tribe find game begin to^r.in' fcarce, or fifh not fo plentiful as he expeck-J, than he takes down his hut, puts the boards into his ca- noc, and paddles away to feck out lor a Ipot bLiti-r adapted to his variius purpolls ; which havm > found, he prefently erects his dwelling in the fame carelcfs manner as before. The whale-boat was one clay fcnt out with In, 1 people to catch halibut, which are very pkntitiil it this place, but their fucccfs was greatly infirior 1.1 that of two Indians who were filliing at the Liinc time I which U rather extraordinary, if we coi)(i,)tr the apparent inferiority of their tackle to that of Captain Dixon's people. Their hook is a large jimpic piece of wooil, the fliank at leafl halt jii inch in diameter ; that part w hi< h turns u|i, ,ni which forms an acute angle, is conliderably Imillir, and brought gradually to a jjoint ; a Hat piece ni wood, about fix inches long, and near two iiichu wide, is neatly laflicd to the Ihank, on the luikuf which is rudely carved the rcprcfentation of an hu- man face. 'Tii not likely that this was altofjethcr intended as an ornament to their lionks, but that it is intended as a kind of Deity to inliire their lueciii in filhing, which is condudled in a lingular ininner: they bait their hook with a kind of filh, tailcil by the failors yaui(//, and having funk it to the bottom, thev fix a bladder to the end of the line as a buoy, and fhould that not watch fufficiently, they add ano- ther. One man is fufHcicnt to look after five or lii of thcfe lines : when he perceives a fifh bite he is in no great hurry to haul up hii line, but gives him time to DC well hooked, and when the filh is hauled up to th furfacc of th; water, he knocks him on the head with a Ihortclub provided for that purpofc.aiiil afterwardi flows his prize away at his Icilurc. 1 hii is done to prevent 1 very large) from his canoe in their c They drefs their into a kind of wi filh, feal, porpoif fomctimes they ma fame method, whit iiig ; though Capta pans, and pointed 'I'hc Indians arc | phint which appear content, however, Hate, they gencrallj I'uiiictiines the innei with a refinous fubl a mile and a half fr *ere a number of ground ; at that di liruCted with fuch ( taiM Dixon conduc Indian contrivance «erc crce'icd by fon be latis/led in this | nit) of going to the found it to hie a kii nuy l)e called fo, w filed in the earth. The manner in w is very remarkable ; hoify, and wiappinj into a Iquare box, oliloDg chcll. At ej tiiHi the body, a thi (irnve into the cart!i the iipjier ends meet villi a kind of ro{ About two feet fior pKCc of timber goes III lacii pole ; on uhich contains the cured with rope ; tl Miih two or three n times both, which let into the wood, a Imirs by way of .iilJ liii«c\cr, nrcumtornl JreloiiH'tinics fixed tl liiic the l)ody ; the hi in the manner alref during; their (lay hJ that ceremony was their dead. Tliur language is Fr.ncc V\illiam'sSoi| unciiuih and tliflit iil ire in general very (I iiislbine time Ixf'oit ^mtwn, as they haj ihrir poverty. The here were the fca-ol cloaks, nude from tj boutjlit with towees, f ire hy no means fo 1 one, king formed o^ fviavated, and rcdiid l");e enough tocontJ Ihe captain hnvinj I'lhepuichafed, dcti pi^dhv firft opporj "I June I hey carrici «"|vd out of the I i"\ they fkKKl out of| Ihe wind having beyond the reach of Indian contrivance, and confcqucntly, that they «crc cicdcd by fome rivili/.cd nation: willing to be latisficd in this particular, he took an opportu- nity of going to the foot, and to his great furprizc, found it to be a kino of bnrying-place, if that it nuv be called fo, where dead bodies are not depo- litcilin the earth. The manner in which they difpofe of their dead is very remarkable : they fcparate the head from the Inniy, and wrapping them in furs, the head is put into a f>iuarc box, and the body into a kind of o'jlong chcft. At ».ach end of the chell which con- um the body, a thick pole, about ten feet long, is (irovc into the earth in a (laming polition, fo that till upper ends meet toge;hcr, and arc firmly la(hed Mith a kind of rope prepared for that purpofc. About two feet fron) the top of this arch, a ("mail [iKCi of timber goes acrofs.and is very neatly fitted Ki lath pole : on this piece of timber the box »huh contains the h(..id is fixed, and (Irnngly fe- cund with rope : the box is freouently decorated Mitli two or three rows of fmall Ihclls, and (omc- timcs both, which are very neatly and ingenioudy let into the wood, and is painted with various co- kiiirs by way of mlditional t)rnamcnts ; the poles, hovcscr, are unitormly painted white. Thcfe jwles aaloniitimcs fixed upright in the earth, and on each liile tlic body ; the head, however, is always fccured in the manner already defcribed. The Englilh (juiing their Itay had no o[)portunity of learning what ceremony was made ufc of m thus depolitiiig their ilead. Thur language is tiuite different from that of Priiicc William's SountI, or C(x)k's River. It is very uncouth and dilhnilr to pronounce. Thefe people jrc m (;encral very < lofe and uncommimicativc. It vislbinc time Ixlore their (canty (lock of furs was known, as they had cunning cnoujjh to conceal ihcir poverty. The dillerent forts of furs purchafcd here were the fca-ottcr, land-beaver, and a few cloaks, made from the earlefs marmot. They were bmij^lu NN ith towces, beads, 6tc. Their large canoes ircliy no means fo neatly conlUuded as tne fmall one, king formed of one large tree, which is rudely (Havatcd, and reduced to no particular Ihapc t yet ljri;cenoiij^h to contain twelve or fourteen people. f he captain having got all the liirs thai were here to hi pui chafed, determined on leaving Port Mul- pi\e the (ir(^ opportunity. Accordingly on the 4th III June they carried a fmall onchor n-head, and •arpcd out of the harbour. Having then made till they (tood out of the found. The wind having kept to the eaftward for feveral diysthey plied to the louthward. On the loth the »ind fliilted 10 the S. W. antt now they Hood in fof the road. Tlie next day they law Cape Edge- combe, and they had the prolpetif of an excellent brhoiir I but as night was far advanced they did "•I attempt tv anciiur. On the 1 2th the whale-boat was hoifted out, and fent a-head to found. There was now a large boat full of people feen at a great diflance j fomcthing like a white flag was hoillcd up, and various con- jcdlurcs were made of the peoplcj Ibmc thinking them Ruflians, others Spaniards. Upon a nearer view the boat proved to be an Indian canoe, and the fuppofed Hag was a tuft of white feathers, which was ereited by thcfe Indians on the top of a pole as a fignal of fricndfliip and peace. There were fome furs purchafed of thefe vifiters, who in- formed the captain that the adjacent harbour was very populous, and that there were a quantity of furs there. The whale-boat returned about fix o'clock, when the yaul was hoided out, and both boats fent a-head for the purpofc of towing the veflel into the bay. They now ftood right in for a bay, which they faw to the northward, and which appeared well- iheltered. The whale-boat was fent out again, with Mr. Turner, up the found to look for a harbour, and the yaul was fent into the bay a-hcad, with Mr. White, to examine the foundings. Mr. White re- turned firit, and reported that there was excellent anchorage in eight to twelve fathoms, over a fandy bottom. At twelve o'clock they came to anchor at eight fathoms. The whale-boat returned about four in the afternoon, and Mr. Turner reported that there were feveral good harbours, but that it was in general rocky bottom : the captain deemed it therefore be*l to keep his prcfcnt fituation. Mr. Turner further reported that he f;iw a large cave, formed by nature in the iide of a mountain, about four miles to the northward of the anchoring-birth: curioiity prompted him to go on Ihore, in order to examine it, as there appeared fomcthing, which, at a dillance looked bright and fparkling. On getting into the cave, he found the objedt which attracted his attention, to be a fquare box, with a human head in it, depolited in the manner already defcribed at Port Mulgrave: the box was very beautifully ornamented with fmall fliells, and feem- cd to have been left there recently, being the only one in the place. This harbour, which was called Norfolk Sounds is a very extenlivc pla^ e ; but how far it Hretches to the northward is uneeitam. The (1 me here, in common with 'be rclf of the coaft-, abounds with pines. Thfi alio greater quantities of the witch. ha/.e' heu iii.in had been hitherto met with. There were alfo va,.i.us knids of li >weiing-trccsand fltrubs ; amongd which wcr wild-goofeberries, currents, and lalberriesi w a -parllej is found in great plenty, and they frequently p ku\ great qii m- tities of it, which cat excellently, either as a fallad, or boiled among foup. 'Jhe liiranne, or wild-HUj- root, grows here in great plenty and pcrleitio'p. 1 here were very (ew wild-ducks or grefc Ucn here, and thole Ihy and ditlicult of approach. < aptain Dixon was frequently on fliorc with his lowling- piece, but he (hot any thing that came in his way, indifcnminately ; his motive being ruther to Ihcw the Indians the cHetils of lire-arms, than to purfu gamci and the event (licwcU that his intention u conipletcFy anfwered. The inhabitants Ireq itly caught halibut; and large quantities ol laliuoii were ficquently feen hung un on llioie to drv -, but they were not willing to (ell it, which (hews that filh is a principal and favourite article of (bod acre: a few falinon, indeed, were bought, but thev were of a very iivti'iior kind to thole met with in Look's Uiver. l-'illi, however, being the only frclii provi- fion in their power to obtain, the boat wis frc- tiuenely limt out with fix hands, to cntch fiili for t}>c lhip'» company 1 and they were always tole- rably fucccfslul, catching great numbers t day-light in the morning: and never failed to fprnd more than half an hour in Iinging, before the traffic conu tncnccJ. The chid ul u iiibc has the entire n^- nagement of all the trade belonging to his peop'c and takes infinite pains to difpoic of their furs a.l- vantageoufly. Should a different tribe come aloiifr, fide to trade whilft he is engaged in traftic, tin/ wait with patience till he has done ; and if, in tluir opinion, he has made a good market, they tje. quently employ him to fell their Ikins ; fomctiinti, indeed, they arc jealous of each other, and ufc c\(.iv' precaution to prevent their neighbours from ou. ferving what articles they obtain in exchange for their commodities. About twelve o'clock they conftantly left the fliip and went on fhoie, where they (laid about an hour, which time was taken up in eating. This evidently flicws tiut they have at Icaft one fxed meal in the day, and that it is regu- lated by the fun : they likewife frequently left riie fhip about four in the afkriuwn; but this time Wus "Ot fo exaOlly obferved as at noon. When the tn.ii.c I the day is pretty well over they begin to ling, and ne.cr leave oft till the apjiroaeh of night : lUn beginning and ending the day in the lame maniur. One peculiar cuftom is praclilod hy the trad ■i,', |-,irf, totally ditferent from that of any other par ot ihe coaft : the moment a cliicf has concluded a bar).,a.;i he repeats the woid Coo Coo ihr'uc, with quicknci' and is immediately aniweicd hy all the people i;i h.l canoe, uith the word Whcah, pronoui^eed 111 a tom; of exelatnation, but with greater or lels enet^'v, in proportion as the bargain he has made is ap()io'v_J of. One of the chiefs, who came one d.iy w iili iun,c furs, happening to call his e)cs on a piece ot .'x^d. wieh Ifland cloth, which hung up in the flinjj:^ i) dry, became very importuiuic to have u gi\en h\v,<. The man to whom the clotli belongeil parteil \, m it very willingly, and the Indian was pcilecil) ma- joyed with his prefent. Afier felling what (ui., hi: hid brought with great dilpatch, he imniuii.urV left the fhip and paddled on fhore, uithoui li.:: .ii a parting long, ai is geiu rally the ciiHom. tarly the next morning he appeared nlop;; i;jc drefled in a coat made ot tlie Sandwich lllaiulcloih given him the day before, and i ut exaotl) in the lunu of their fkm-coiits, whuh greatl) rcfembled a wag. f;oiicr'g frotk, except the lollar and wrid hjods. 1 he Indian was \ery proud of his newly-acquiicd drcfs; and the captain greatly picafed with ;ii:j proof of thefe people's ingenuity and ddpateh. Ti.e coat fitted exceedingly well; the feajns were f"c«ui with all the ftrength the cloth would admit ot, anJ with a degree of neatnefs equal to that ol an Knjjluii mantua-makcr. On their endeavouring to get the meaning ol icm\> words in the Indian l.ingua(;e from one ot the rhui., and pointing to the fun, he gave them to underli.nul,' that notwithftatiding their apiwrent fuperioiity, 1,1 poflcffing various uletul articles which the liuliam did not, \et that their origin wan the lame; ilut they both uiie Irom above, and that the fun an:- iiiitcd and kept alivcevery creature in the uiuveilc, Ihis man had, no doubt, Ibme idea of a .Supninf Being ; and if the probability of their morniiif; ami evenmghymn. being intetidedasa kiiidofad(»r,iii.(ii to that Supreme Being, be admitted, it will ler\eij ^ivc no very inadequate idea of thcii leligion. Ik- lides their ordinary dref«, the natives at thin pliv Itftve a peculiar kind of cloaks, made puipoKI) "i dclend ihemlelves from the inclemency of the hu- thcri theyap|)car to be made of recils, IVwed vm rlufclv together, and are cxai'tly the lame with ilmic wore by the inhabitants >> New Zealand. Jhelur* purchafed at this place vvorc about ayo cxicll'it fct-otter Ikins, a good (jiiantity of inferior (ntcib 1,' feaotter, together with » large parcel of indilKriiit pieces and flips 1 about 100 good feals, and a gn.ir number of time beavi 1 uiU. On the aad Capi. Uixon dcttrmined to lea^c the harbour the lirft opp«)rtunity 1 and the mxt day, a li({ht breeze coming on from the wefiuard, iluv weighed and got under fail, It was the captaini intention to keep v)cll in v, ith the l«jiU all aiung the ctbo «)•■» tluy tain* gihe i' . ■' ■' i :• } A nitc aiui I'll Ik-- liU-O PORTL coad, in order to >ws a probabilicy o'clock, a Hnc ent N. li. they Hood in to anchor in a f( locked, and within this appeared a mo lake up their abod Icen ; on this a fou ing, in order to c: tanis, if there (lioul Oil the a4th Caf to look tor inhabit! harbours. A pafla callwardof iheir fti but he returned wi coiiliiicrable diHani liiotot a mountain, I I'lippiy ot' tVelh wai vdlii^cs ot an Indi bicn recently taker the rcfuk-nccof fon of tlotters and How 111 the valley near t bitants were found liarly clij^iblc for a fo as there is a prob moil in due ii-aU)n. Port Hanks, in hon laiul to the northwa \,uioii fullicicnt to ai'.ii though its (id( Inow, yet the mime pop out their bufliy dreary and horrific to the N. W. of C the land is conlidcr: toi^rovv in the molt together with the I furrounding bcachei tothe higher land, a vhole both pleating Oil the 20th they calm the boats «crc of the bay. They Iccuiiig tlofc in wic On the 17th they i jncc of two rocky llcered dirc^rd. About fcvcn o'clo cmicalung-fidc'hc iity of excellent bci ihcy did not fcem i I offered varioi » artic! Tbcy were fj attent thcyL;-,>;lJ not liltc tliurcurionty wasgr md the >.aptain, for fuonin (Miliunori of a ihffc people the cap »« very thicklv in |plcntynt furstu be b Nq. 10. PORTLOCK AND DIXON's VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 109 coalt, in order to examine every place where there was a probability of finding inhabitants. At lix o'clock, a tine entrance prelcnting itfclf to the E. N. K. they Itood in for it, and foon afterwardi came to anchor in a fecure harbour, completely land- locked, and within mulkct-lhot of the Iliore. Though this appeared a moft eligible fpot for the natives to take up their abode in, yet no people were to be ken i on this a four-pounder was tir.id in the even- ing, in oriicr to excite the curiofity of the inhabi- tanis, if there (liould be any within hearing. Oil the 24th Capt. Dixon went in the whale-boat to look for inhabitants in the adjacent creeks and harbours. A paflage up a corner of the bay, to the calhvard of ihcir ftat-on, lirlV engaged his attention; but he returned without fucccfs. The creek run a conlKlcrablc diftancc inland, and terminated at the liiot 1)1 .1 mountain, from whence it received a copious fiippiy of frclh water. Near this place were the vcili!;i:s ot an Indian hut, which lecmcd to have bicn recently taken away, and probably had been the rclitkiicc of fome hunting party. Various kinds of iloweis and Howering flirubs were fpringing up ill the valley near the rivulet, and though no inha- bitants were found here, yet the place leems pecu- liarly eligible for a fummer refidence, and the more fo as there is a probability of meeting with fine fal- moii in due fcalon. The captain called this harbour Port Hank.s, in honour of Sirjofeph Banks. The laiul to ihc northward and fouthward rifes to an cle- \,iiioii fiilVicient to convey every idea of winter; and though its fides are perpetually covered with Inow, yet the numerous pines, which ever and anon pop out their bufliy heads, entirely divert it of that dreary and horrific cart with the barren mountains to the N. W. of Cook's River. To the eartward, the land is conlidcrably lower, and the pines appear 10 L^row in the mort regular and exaiit order; thele, tOL;cther with the bulh-woods and (hrubs on the furrounding beaches, form a mort beautiful contrart to the higher land, and render the appearance of the whole both plealing and romantic. On the lOth they weighed anchor, and as it was calm the boats «ere fcnta-hcad to tow the vcflel out of the bay. They now flood out of the harbour, Lccuing tlofe in with the coaft. On the a7th they faw land, which had the appear- ance of two rocky iflands, bearing N. E. They Itctrcd dircart thereof was (lioal water, ami that there was no convenient place for anchor- age. The weather was now thick and hazy, and iticrc were frequent fqualls. They kept ftanding to ihc fouthward. On the a8th they faw land : from ihis time they plied occafionally, the weather being Ihll hazy. On the 30th they faw an ifland to the northward, which bore from N. E. by E. toE. by N. alwit four leagues dirtanr. On the t1\ of July, about noon, they faw a deep bay, which bore N. E. hy K. the extreme point to the northward N. E. by N. und the eaflernmort land S. E. about feven !(ij,'ues dillant. They made every cttbrt to reach ihij bay, but without effect ; however they ftood in lor Ihc land clufc by the wind, with their rtarboard tadiuii bo.xrd. About fevcii o'clock fevcral canoes full oflndians cimc alung-fide the vcfii^l. Thefe difplayed a quan> Illy of excellent Ibeaver cloaks, but which at lirtt il^cy did not fccm inclined to difpofc of, though oAcred variois articlci in ({xchange by thcEngliin. They were fj attentive in admiring the (hip, that il<(y eOu!d not lifK'n to any propofali 1 but when tluir curiofity was gratiiicd they then began to trade, ind the eaptain, tor the value of a few toweci, was foon in )Miillfnori of all their (kins, cloaks, &c. I'rom ihrfc people the captain underftood that the ifland »u very thicklv inhabited, and that there were I plenty ot furs to be bad on Ihore. I No. 10. The captain accordingly made for Ihore, and when within a mile thereof he perceived the village where thefe peoplb dwelt : it coniifted of about lix huts, which were regularly built, ind plcafantly fituatedj but the ttiore being rocky, aftoided no place for anchorage. They now advanced towards a promifing bay, which opened to the eartward ; but could not poflibly make ir, on account of the wind and tide : accordingly, they hove-to, for the fake of trading with the natives, who by this tirtie were afli:mblcd about the velTel, in ten canoes, to the number of about 120. Several beautiful fca-ottcr and other excellent (kins, were bought ; and as ali the natives were eager in felling their goods, a bri(k trade was carried on. About 300 fea-ottcr flcins were purthafed in one hour. As foon aS bufincfs was over, they made fail, and rtood out for the bay, with the hopes of making the harbour the next morning. On the 3d the fame Indians repeated their vifit, but they had nothing now to difpofc of. On the 5th, a frcfh tribe of Indians came along- fide, of whom were purchafcd a number of excellent cloaks. Thefe people bargained for pewter bafons* brafs pans, tin kettles, &c. but the other tribe pre- ferred towees. Capt. Dixon now judged it mdre advantageous to ply along-rtiore occafionally than come to anchor, elpccially as he had every reafon to conclude that the natives did not live together in one focial com- munity, but were fcattered about in different tribe" and probably at enmity with each other. The Indians did not leave the fliip till evening calne on. and then promiled to return the next moriiing with more furs ; which they did, and which tiie/ difpofed of with the fame facility as before. The furs in each canoe Icemcd to be a diftind property, and the people were particularly careful to prevent their neighbours trom fceinj. what articles they bartered for. Meet- ing now with a frefh tribe of Indians, Capt. Dixon was convinced that coafting along (bore to the eart- ward was attended with better and fpccJier fucccfs than lying at anchor could pofTibly be. On the 7th, being clofe in-fhore, a number of canoes were feen putting off; on which they fliort- cncd fail, and lay-to for them. The place thefe people came from had a very Angular appearance, and on examining it narrowly, it was found that they lived m a very large hut. builtona fmall ifland. and well fortihcd after the manner of an hippah. on which account this place was diflinguiflied by the namcol Hippah Ifland. The tribe who inhabit this liippah feem well defended by nature from any fud- den allault of their enemies; for the afcent to it from the beach is fleep, and difficult of accefs : and the other (idea arc well barricadocd with pines and brufli-wood. Notwithrtanding which, they have been at infinite pains, in railing additional fences of rails and boards ; fo that they muft furely repel any tribe who ftiould dare to attack their fortifica- tion. A number of circumftances had occurred "»« '»>e»f firft trading in Cloak Bay, which ferved tolhew that the inhabitants at this place wcf-c of a more favage difpofition, and had lefs intercourfe with each other, than any Indians met with on the coaft , and there was great reafon to fufpcA that thcv were cannibals in fbme degree. Capt. Dixori "° rr" '"'* '*"^ fortified hut juft mentioned, than this fufpicion was fticngthcned, as it was. he faid« built cxadlly on the plan of the hippah of the favagcs at New Zealand. Ihe people, on coming along- lide, traded very quietly, and ftrongly importuned thole ot the Queen Charlotte to go oii fliore i at the fame tune givniK tiicm to underrtand, fpdintinjr to- wards the cart) tliat if they vifited that part of the coart, the inhabitants there would cUt off their heads. A number of excellent cloaks, and CoMe good (kini, were purchafed from this party, which con- lifted ol not more than 36 people, and as thev were well armed with knives and (pean, jt is probable E e the/ no NEW COLLECTION o> VOYAGES and TRAV-ELS. 11 they cxpcdcd to meet their enemies, being equally prepared for uar or trade. Trade being over, Capt. Dixon proceeded to the CAl^ward, and on the i)ii\ fill in with anotnrr tribe of Indians ; from whom he uurchafcd fonie very good cloaks, and a tlw good (kins. In one of the canoes was an old man, who appeared to have fonw authority over the rclV, though he had nothing to difpofc of: he gave them to underltand, that in another part of thcfe itiands, (pointing to the ca(l- ward) he could procure a plentiful fupply of tiirs : on which Capt. Dixon gave him a lij^ht-horfenian's cap ; this prefent added greatly to his confequcncc, and procured him the envy of his companions in the other canoes, who beheld the cap with a longing eye, and fecmed to wiih it in their polTeflion. There were likcwife a few women amongft them, who all Teemed pretty well advanced in years : their under lips were diilorted in the fame manner as thofc of the women at Port Mulgrave and Norfolk Sound, and the pieces of wood were particularly large. One of thcfe lip-pieces appearing to be peculiarly orna- mented, Captain Dixon wiflicd to purchafe it, and offered the old woman to whom it belonged a hatchet; but this ihe refuted with contempt: towces, bafons, and fevcral other articles, were after- vards Ihewn to her, and conftantly rejedcd. The captain began now to defpair of making his u illied> for purchafe, and had nearly given it up, when one of the people happening to ilicw the old iady a few buttons, which looked remarkably bright, flic ca. gerly embraced the ofl'er ; and was iww altogether as ready to part with her wooden ornament, as be. fore Hie was delirous of keeping it. This curious lip-piece mcafurcd three and 7-8th» inches lonjjj, and two and 5-8ths inches in the wideft part; it was inlaid with a fmall pearly ihcll, round which was a rim of copper. In flar.diug along-lhorc to the eaftward, they met with different triljcs of In- dians, with whom they traded mdch in the fame manner as before. They ik>w kept clofc in with the fliorc, and on the 13th ucre viiited by a frelh party, confilling of about j6; of whom fonu excellent ikinsand cloaks were purchafed : when thefe Irulian* bad difpofcd of their articles, they could not be prevailed on to quit the veflcl, though flte was making fail : however, on account of a thick fog which came on, they paddled away, being about eight ntiles from thccoad. The weather continued thick and foggy from this to the 10th ; during which time they met with feveral canoes, and purchafed tor knives, buckles, brafs pans, &c. fome furs and cloaks, but of an inferior kind to thofc hitherto bought. On the 23d they met eight canoes, containing near a hundred people ; of whom they purchafed a few good cloaks and ikins. On the a4th eleven canoes came along-Hdc, con« taining near 1 80 men, women, and children, w hich was by far the grcatell concourfc of people they had fcen at any one tinu: t but curiofity, it fecms, had chiefly induced the natives to vilic the flitpat that time, for they brought fcarcciy any thing to fell : indeed, till now, they feldom had fccn any women or children in the trading parties; for the men, probably expcifling to meet with their advcr&ries, for the mod part left the women and chiUren be- hind, that they might be out of danger. The land which they had been cruifiog along for fome time was now judged to be a group of iOands ; and as it was pretty evident that im> more trade could be expeaed on that fide, Capt. Dixon pur. pofed Handing round a point to the S. E. in order to tr^ what the cppoiitc lide alforded. Alter proceeding round the point, they fell in. with feveral tribes of Indians, who brought fome very good furs : Teveral ot whom they knew to be their old fricndi. On (landing round the iflands, land was fecn to the caftward^ which the/ fuppofcd to be the conti. 4 iient i and on the 29th, the tide fctting out from that land, it frequently drove l.irgc {.atchcs of fc.i. weed, lorvg grals, and pieces of wood, by the velUI, which made them conclude that there is a larj'c river felting out from that part of the coaft. 1 ik river .called Los Keys, by De Fontc, is near tliij place ; and though what he fays about it is ulinolt incredible, )et, from the above circunillance, u ap. pears very probable that there are deep i;ilcts nno the country. On the 29th no lefs than eighteen canoes came along-lide, containing more than 200 people. I |„j was not only the greattlt concourle of trailers they had fecn, but what rendered the circunillance ;uK!|. tionally pleafmg was the great quantity of txccllcni furs they brought, and the facility with which tluy traded. There was amongft thcfe traders an old thitt', whom they had I'ecn on the other lide thcfe lU.iiuls] and who now appearing to be of the lirll l)ances, atvi luol^ uncommon pains to nuikc Capt. Dixon cumprchrnd his meaning : ht doled his relation with aitvilintr him not to go near that part of the coaft. fur that the inhabitants there woukl certainly dcflroy liim and his people. The captain endeavoured to learn how the Indjins difpofcd of the bodies of their enemies who uiit Hain in battle : and though hecoukl not clearly un- derAand the chief, yet there is fome reafon to think that thcii: poor wretches arc fealicd on by the victor-. 'I'hc heads arc always prefcrved, as itanding iii>. phics of vidory. This chief had the mofl fovage afpcd of any yet fecnt and his whok appearance (utHciently martlet him as a proper perfon to lead on a tribe of cannibals. His Itaturc was above the common (ize ; his txKJv fparc and thin; and tbouoh at firlt tight he ap- peared lank and enuiciatccn yet his (Icp wat hold I and firm, and his limbs apparently llrong and mul- cular ; his eyes were large and goggling, and teemed i ready to (fart out of their lockets ; his forehead deeply wrinkled, not merely by age, bur troni > continual frown ; all this, joined to a long vila^c, hollow checks, high elevated cheek-bones, and a natural ferocity of temper, formed a countcn.mcc not calily beheld without fume degree of emotion: however, he proved very ufcfol, in conducing the j traffic fo as to give general fatistadion t and the in- telligence he gave Captain Dixon, and the mcthndi I he took to make himfelf undcrliood, (liewed himt»l pofl'efs a Arong natural capacity, fielidcs at Inlll J50 fkins, which were procured from this party, they brought feveral racoon cloaks, each cloak con* filling vS lt\mi racoon tkita^ nc«l/ i^wcd together-, I PORTLOCK AND DIXON'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD, iii they had alfo a good quantity of oil, in bladders of various fnes, from a pint to a gallon : this wa) a moft excellent fort for the lamp, was perfeftly fwc«, and chiefly collciSed from the tiir of animals. Tb wards evening, thefc numerous tribes of Indians having difpofcd of every falcable artichf, they left the (hip and paddled for the ftiorc. On the 30th eight canoes came t)fF to the (hip, but they brought very few furs, and thofc of art iti- ferior quality, intimating at the fame tfmc that their ftock Mas nearly exhaufted. Some of ;!-.?m had been out on a fifhing party, and caught a number of hnlibiit, which proved a fcafonabic refrclliment to the Ihip's company. Hitherto all the people that had been met with at thcfe idands, thoui^h evidently of a lavage difpofi- tion, had behaved in a quiet, orderly manner; but tills evening they gave a convincing proof of their niifchievousdifpofition, and that in a manner which llicwcd a confideraliledcgrccof cunning. The peo- ple who had got the halibut to fell artfully prolonged their traffic more than was cuftomary, and cnc'.eft- vnurcd by various means to engage the artentif n of the people on board. In the mean time fcv>.'nil canoes paddled (lily a-(^ern, and feeing fome (kins pilfd againit one of the cabin-windows, one of the lndi;ins thruft his fpear through it, in order to (fcal the furs, but j>crcciving the noife alarmed thofe on deck, they paddled a*ay with precipitation: Capt. Dixon, however, w illing to make them fcnfihle that he was able to piinilh attempts of this fort, even a' a diftance, ordered fcveral mutkets to be fired after them, but did not perceive that they were attended with any fatal etfrOh. .^s no further trade was expc(5tcd from this part, Capt. Dixon deemed it expedient to make for King George's Sound, efpecially as the time was nearly at hand when he expcAed to join Captain Portlockat th.it place. On the I ft of Aiiguft they were vifited by a canoe whirh contained fourteen people: they had nothing to fell, and came merely on purpofc to inform the captain that one of their companions was dead, in conkquence of a wound he received when the muf.* qiicts were fired ; but notwithftanding they cntf r- lainrd no enmity againH the Englilh, and were ftitl willing to be on good termi with them. They did not betray the Icaft apprehenion when they came alongddc, but on the contrary, were very ftrenuous in alluring the Engli(h that they were not at variance with them. On the 2d Cape St. Jamci bore R. S. W. about four leagues di(tant. In the afternoon at five o'clock the tocks off the cape bore S. 36 deg. W. abmit two leagues diftant. On account of a heavy fwell proceeding from the S. £. attended with a calm, they were for fome time in a Critical (ituation, as the weather was drifting dircCUy upon the rock^; and what flill added to their danger, was the extreme ha/inefs of the Weather, which prcvenre* them frdtii ilificrning any objed, even at the fmallcft diftancc In the courfc of four hours the fog very fortunately difnerfeit, and the fwell abated : the rocks bearing S. \V. were then not quite a mile diftant. The boats were now fent a-nead to tow the vefTct : they had foundings now from 75 to too fathoms over a rocky bottom : afterwards finding no bottom with aline of 130 fathoms, they concluded themfeWes fildy over the rocks. They now ftood on for King George's Sound. the 3d the boats were taken in^ and the people permitted to reft. In an hour after the watch being alamied with the noife of the furf beating agalnft the rocks, the people were in(f antly callied up, and the boats hoifted out again^ to tow the ve(rei a>head : the weather was ftill Ilazy. In the evening they were clear of a II danger. Cape St. James bearing W. half S. about five leagues diftant. The weather continued thick and foggy for feveral 4)yi, On tbc 6th Woody Fiaint wai fccn bearing N. W. by W. about four leagues diftant, and a fplit rock off the point N. 28 deg. W. On the 8th they faw a fail, and prefcntly after a a fmaller veflcl in company, which they imagined to be the King George and her long-boat, ffow- evcr, on coming up with them, they proved to be the Prince of Wales and Princcfs Royal, two vellcls from London, which had been fitted out by the pro- prietors of the King George and the Queen Charlotte. Captain Dixon underltanding from thefe vefTels, which had been in King George's Sound, that the King Geofige was not arrived there, deemed it un- ncceflary to make the Sound, and therefore dcter- ipined on proceeding to Sandwich Iflands. Oft the 9th they took leave of the Prince of Wales and Princefs Royal, and (liapcd a courfc for their next deftination. We lliall conclude this chapter with fome gene- ral obfcrvations which were made by the Queen Charlotte, relative to the Coaft of America, and which, in addition to what has been faid, and will be introduced on future occafions, muft give the reader a pcrfed and fatisfadlory idea of the place. This extenfivc country exhibits upon the whole, a pidure of a large continued foreft. It is covered with pines of different fpecies, intermixed with al- der, birch, witch-hazel. Sec. befidcs various kinds of bruHi-wood : and the valleys and low groun(l«, which areexpofcd to the fun, and nidtcredfrom the w ind, afford wild currants, goofeberries, ralbcrries, and various other Howcry llirubs. The foil on the hills is a kind of compolt, confifting of rotten mofs and old decayed trees. This is frequently wafhed down into the vallies by the fuildcn melting of tht fnow, and there incorporating with a light fand, forms a foil in which moft of the Englilh garden produdions might be cultivated with fucccfs. It is impofTtble \3 afccrtain the number of in- habitants the toaft, from Cook's River, to King George's Sound, may contain ; but from a moderate computation, there canm.t be lefs than ten thoufand; indeed, appearances might warrant the conjedurc of there being more, as the women appear very pro- lific, and the people are totally free from that long catalogue of difeafcs, which luxury and intemperance have introduced amongft more civilized nations. But then it muft be remembered, that neighbouring tribes are generally at war with each other ; and thefe commotions, both from the nature of their weapons, and the favage difpofition of the people, mull be attended with fatal confequences ; bcfidcs, there is reafon to fuppofe, that numbers are yearly loft at fea, as they go out to a Vi:Ty confiderabic diftance from the land on fiOiing-parties, and fhduki bad weather fuddenly come on, it is impofTiblc for their canoes to live. Thefe circumdanccs certainly tend to depopdiatt the country, and in fome meafurc account for its being fo thinly inhabited. The hair of both fcxes is long and black, and would be an ornament to them, were it not for the large quantities of greafe and red ochre conlhTiitly rubbed into it, which not only gives it a difguftin'g appearance, but aflbrds a ncvcr-failing harbour for vermin. Sometimes, indeed, the women keep their hair in decent order, parting it from the forehead to the crown, and tying it behind after the manner of a club. The young men have no beards 1 but this does not arife from a natural want of hair on that part, for the old men had beards all over the chin, and fome of them had w hifkers on each fide the upper-lip. As this fuppofed defecft amongft the natives of America has occafioned much fpcculative enquiry amongft the learned and ingenious,: every opportunity was taken of learning how it \v w occa- fioned s and they i^erc given to undcrftand, that the young men got rid of their beards by plucking them out, but as they advance in years the hair is fuf^'ercd to grow. Ic might be imagined, that the children of thcfe favago would enjoy the free and unreftrained m i|i lul; ■ '? Sili''«lv3 ' illi- ' 'It 1 i? alBt 1 H At I • I •> till 1 l|i mi k i"i 113 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES anu TRAVELS. ii>i B IH ■;!> unrcflrained uTe of their limbs tVom their earlicft infancy : this, however, is not altogether the cafe. Three pieces of bark are faftencd together, fo as to form a kind of chair j the infant after being wrap- ped in furs, is put into this chair, and lalhed fo clofe, that it cannot alter its pofture even with ftruggling; and the chair is fo contrived, that when a mother wants to feed her child, or give it the breall, there is no occafion to relcafe the infant from its ihackles. Soft mofs is ufcd by the Indian nurfe to keep her child clean ; but little regard is paid to this article, and the poor infants are often terribly excoriated ; and this negleCl is apparent even in children of fix or fcvm years old. Ornaments feem to ditfcr in particular places, more than drefs. Ihe aperture, or fecond mouth above the chin, feems confined to the men of Cook's River and Prince William's Sound ; whilft the wooden ornament in the under-lip is wore by the women only, in that part of the coaft from Port Mulgrave to Qjjcen Charlotte's IlLinds. Befidcs the ornaments alieady mentioned, the Indians arc very fond of malks or vifors, and various kinds of caps, all which arc painted with dilferent devices; fuch as birds, healls, tiflies, and fomctimes rcprc- fentations of the human face; they have likcwifc many of thcle devices carved in wood, and fomc of them arc far from being ill executed. Thcfecurio- fitics are greatly valued, and are carefully packed in neat fquare boxes, that th' v m.iy the more conveni- ently be carried about. \\ hencvcr any large party came to trade, thcfc treafurcs were firft produced, and the principal perfons drcfled our in all their finery, before the finging commencj. In addition to this, the chief (who always conducts this vocal concert) puts on a large coat made of the elk Ikin, tanned, round the lower part of which is one or fometimes two rows of dried berries, or the beaks of birds, which make a rattling noife whenever he moves. In his hand he has a rattle.'or more com- monly a contrivance to anfwcr the fam; end, which IS of a circular form, about nine inches in diameter, and made of three fnull flicks bent round at ditTe- rent diftanccs from each other; great numbers of biids' beaks and dried bcrrirb are tied to this curious inflrument, which is fliook by the chief with great glee, and in his opinion makes no fmall addition to the concert. Their fongs generally confift of feveral ftanzas } to each of which is added a chorus. The beginning of each flanza is given out by the chief alone ; after which both men and women join, and ling in odaves, beating time regularly with their hands or paddles : mean while tlie chief (hakes his rattle, and makes a tliuufand ridiculous geflicula- tions, iinging at intervals in different notei from the red; and this mirth generally contiaues near half an hour, without intermifllon. It is hard to fay whether or no they make ufe of any hieroglyphics, to perpetuate the memory uf events ; but their numerous drawings of birds and fifhes, and more efpecially their carved reprefenta- tions of animals and human faces, warrant a fuppo. tion of the kind. Many uf thefe carvings are well proportioned, and executed with a confiderable de- gree of ingenuity, which appears rather extraordi- nary amongfi a people fo remote from civilized re- finement. It is unknown when iron was introduced on this coail, but it mud doubtlefs be a confiderable time ago, and their implements certainly are not of Englilb manufa^re ; fo that there is little doubt of their being obtained from the Ruilians. I'hcir knives are fo very thin, that they bend them into a variety of forms, which anfwer their every purpofe nearly as well as if they had recourfe to a carpcn. ter's tool-chefl. Among their manufaif\ures, there is a kind of variegated blanket, or cloak, fomething like the Englifli horfe-cloths ; which do not appear to be wove, but made entirely by hand, and are neatly finifhed. Thefe cloaks are made of wool, collected from the (kins of beafls killed in the chace; they ur« held in great efliination, and only wore on extraor- dinary occaltons. Befides the Ikin-coats, wore ia common, they have large cloaks purpofely for wear, made of the elk (kin, tanned, and wore double, fometimes three-fold. Thefe people, notwithflanding their uncultivitcl date, have a notion of gaming. The giiniiijr im. plements, which were fcen, confided of 51 imall round bits of wood, dilfereotly marked with red paint, and about three inches long: two pcrlutis play with thefe, and the game confilts in putting them in particular places. One nun at Fort Mul- grave lod his fpear, knife, and feveral toweei, ia about an hour : notwithdanding, the unfortunate gamcder wis very patient and quiet. They calculate time by the moons; and remember extraordinary events for a generation. Two or three diderent languages arc fpoken on the coaft ; but from the information gained from the old chief at Queen Charlotte's Idand, it ii fuppofed that they are not generally underdood. Though every tribe at Queen Charlotte's Ifland is governed by its re- fpedtve chief, yet they are divided into families, which feem to have regulations of their ow,). I'he chief ufually trades for the whole tribe ; but upon any difaf^reement, every family claim a right to difpofe of their own furs ; which the chief imme- diately aflentt to. Whether the chief is allowed any thing for his trouble, is unknown. Some of the natives were very jealous of their wives, and would feldom permit tnem to come oa board : other bulbands were fo kind, that they obliged their ladies to accept of the leail invitation. The women are particularly fond of their children. CHAPTER IV. A Number 0/ Canees met— A hnjk Trade— An audacious thief funiPjed— Ship's Company affiiHed with Scurv)— Whahoo feen — Vifited by their old Acquaintance— Their friendjoip— Anecdotes — Remarks— Additional Ofjlr- valiens on the People— Proceed for China~-Pafs three Iflattds—ln fight of tbt Lima l/Iands- Anchor in Mnu Roads— Proceed to Wampoa—Tranfadions—'Dieet the King George. AUGUST 9th Woody Point bore N. by E. feven leagues didant : from this to the izth the weather was tolerablv fine, and they had a fmart breeze at N. W. After this the winds were change- able, and there were frequent calms. Sept. 2d they decred due wed, in order to iriake Owhyhee, which they faw 01. '!ic 5th, bearing from S. S. W. to W. onc-fouith N. about 14 leagues didant. On the 6th they bore away to the weflward, where they met a number of canoes coming from fliore : accordingly they hove-to, and ptircbafed feveral fmall bogs, and a quantity of potatoes. In about three hours the canoes encrcafed, and a briflc trade was carried on. Several of the Indian!, both for the fake of plunder, and to gratify their cu- riofity, climbed up the veflcl's fide : one of them, whole audacity in thieving was remarkable, fcized a poker which belonged to (i.c armourer's forge, and jumped overboard. He fwam away with gicat exultation, bearing off his p^ize, notwithflanding it was repeatedly demanded : the captain iaimedi- ately ordered his men to fire at the offender, con- fcious that if he over-looked fuch an outragc«ui theft, the red of the natives would be encouraged to i&. in the fame manner, and it wotild be iinpof- 3 Hble PORTLGCK AND DIXON'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 113 fible to U'ithttand their depredations. Several muf- quets were dilcharged, and the culprit was feverely wounded. The captain now intrcated his country- men to bring him on board, alluring them that no furtber harm (hould be oiTered him : when he was brought, Surgeon Lauder dreffed his wounds. His under-lip was feverely lacerated by a ball which ftruck his under-jaw : he feemcd very thankful to the furgeon for his attention, and petitioned the captain for a towee, which was given to him. This airrir di<\ not in the lead intimidate the Indians, for they ftill continued their trade as if nothing had bippened. The captain now plied oiF and on occaflonally, in Older to procure a good fupply of hogs, vegeta- bles, &c. for he did not think it worth his while to anchor at this iiland. Several of the (hip's company at this time were very much aiflicfled with the fcurvy : there was icarccly any perlhn without fome touches thereof, and many were laid up with it. Happy it was that the)' had fuch an extraordinary good paflTage from tiie Amsrican C;oaft to Owhyhec, it being reckoned a very good paflagc in five weeks, and this was performed in le(s than a month, for bad they been any longer delayed, there is no doubt but feveral of the indifpofed would have pcriftied. However, the featonable fupply of frefh pork, vegetables, &c. did them conliderable fervicc. It was fuppofcd that this fcorbutic complaint was in a great mcafure ac- celerated by the vaft quantities of halibut, which the people falted while on the coaft, and always eat (it no kind of allowance) in preference to the Ihip's beet and pork. On the 7th thry kept plying occafionally as before, by which means they procured an ample fupply of provificns by the evening. On the 8th they fiood along the (horc for the wcllcrnmofl point of the ifland, which was about Sve leagues ditlant, bearing foath. They were fol- lowed by a number of canoes, which for the fake of a frclh Heady breeae, they left behind. At one o'clock they hove-to, being well in with the S. VV. point : lh« people took this opportunity of trading tor curiofilios : they alio purchafsd a quantity ot line tor the (hip's a(e. In two hours after they made fail, and bore up for W h ihoo, where they intended to take in wood and water. At tix o'clock the imall ifland Tahoura bore N. 60 deg. W. about ci|;l.t leagues dillant. At noon the W. end of lUnai bore N. 10 deg. W. about 10 miles dillant : Itvcrul canoes came from Hanai, of whom they purciialed fome fi(hing-lines. On account of fome heavy (quails in the evening, they were obliged to ciofc-reet the top-fails, and lingle-rccf the main-fail: u nifiUt the weather grew moderate. Un the lotb Whaboo was (ieen right a-head, and it twelve o'clock (hey came-to with the bed bower, in ciirht and a half^ fathom water, over a Candy bottom interfpcrfed with rocks. They did not mean to ftay any longer here than was barely ne- cclliiry to procure wood and water. Several canoes caaic along-fidc, and fome of the natives were fent on (hore for water; but there was very little brought, as every thing was tabooed by the king. They were vifited by additional canoes in the even- ing, but they conlillcd chiefly of females, who be- utnc very fond ot the Engl h, and granted them tavoDrs as before. The people were now employed in|* K ' . ■ 't It' ' 114 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. i^M m ,'. .» }h. ■II m honour, and would rcfleft credit even on a perfon of education and refined fenlibitlty, No-ho-mi-ti- hee-tee had been often on board when they were laU at Attoui, an>t by that means was pertonally ac- quainted with all the people : being naturally cuiious andinquifitivc, he now took an opportunity of going ainongll them, to a(k a number of ijutftions about the voyage. l)n goitig down between decks, he met with the carpenter, who had been troubled with a lingering diloider for a conllderablc time, and at picfent vims very weak and poorly : his pale countenance and emaciated figure att'tcted poor No- ho-mi-ti-hee-tee vei y lenfibly ; a tear of pity dole un- heeded down his cheek, and he begin to enquire about his complaint in atone of tendeincl's and Compa(n<)n ; feeing him very weak and infiiin, he gently chafed and preflird thefincws and miifclts of his letjs and thighs, and gave him all the conf.ilation in his power : prclViiily afterwards he came upon cleck, called his c.inoe. and went on fliore m a hurry, without taking leave of any pciion on the quarter-deck, which was contrary to his ufual cuf- tom ; but he returned very (hortly, biinging a fine fowl along with him, which he immediately carried down to the carpenter ; told him to have it drefled immediately, and he hoped it would make him bet- ter in a day or two. No-ho-mi-ti-hcc-tec's father having been plumtercd by the king's meflenger of the vjluables which his fon gave him, as bcfoic mentioned ; it is necefTaiy here to oblerve that the culpiit was afterwards put to death, by order of the king, upon a complaint being made by the chief. At noon a frefh bree/.e Ipiinging up fioin the northward, Captain Dixon wilhcd to embrace this opportunity of weighing anchor ; but on looking over his ftock of vcgeta!)les, it was judged neceflary to procuie a furlhei fupply. No Inoncr were the king and chiefs informed of this ciiciindlanccf than they all went on (hore, pnnniling to, return (horily with great plenty of taio; accordingly, by three o'clock tliey all returned, eich bringing a "arge double canoe, loaded with i.iro and lugar-cane, lii that now they were completely furnifhed with eveiy neccffiry article the ifland airiided. 1 he expedi- tion and difpatch with which this laft tarn was brought, and their free and generous manner in bringing it ,n board, both furpril'ed and pleafcd Captain Di.xon, and he was not flow in making fuitable letm-ns. To the king he gave a pahou, a large baize cloak edged with ribbon, and a very large towce ; which pleafed him fb much, that he began to think himlelf the greateft monarch in the univerfc. 1 he other chiefs weie rewarded with towees, axes, and faws. entirely to their fatisfaclion. The ladies too (of whom they had no (mall number on board) were liberally ornamented with buttons and beads \ in (hi rt, ail parties were perfectly ple.'fed, and were profufc in their profeflions of kindneis and acknowledgment. Notwithftanding all tint has been faid relative to this ifland andthe inhabitants, we think it neceflary here to infert fome occali.mal remarks w hich were made by Captain Dixon and his company. lie in- forms us, that tlicfe people, in their temper and dil- pofition, are harmlefs, inofTenfive, and friendly ; not fubjeft to paflion, or eafily provoked : in their manners they are lively and chcarful, ever ready to render any little fervice in their power even to flrangers, and purfue every thing they undei take with unremitting diligence and application. When attached to any perfon, :hey aie fteady in their friendfhip; and are not eafily tempted :o neglect the interell of a perlbn for whom they have once pro- fefTed a regard. Their language is foft, fmooth, and abounds with vowels: in t heir con verfation with each other, it appears very copious •, and they fpcak with great volubility, when convcrfing with each other; but when convcrfing with their vifitorsthey only make ufc of thofc words which arc mod cx- preflive and fignificant. The Sandwich Iflanders, in general, are about the middle fize; their limbi llraight, and well proportioned. Some of the chiefs, and particulaily the women, are inclined to corpu-! lency, and their ikin is finoother and Ibfter thao thofe of the common rank ; but this is owing to want of excrciCe, and an unlimited indulgence in the article of food. The- are in general of a nut colour, though fome of '.lie women are fairer, and their hands and fingers are remarkably finall and delicate. Both fcxes go naked, except about the wailf : the men wear a narrow piece of cloth, called a maroiv, baiely fuflicient to cover the adjacent parts. The ahou, or women's drcls, is much larger and generally reaches from the waift lo the middle of the thigh. The beards of the men are fufTcred to grow 1 their hair is cut clofe on each fide of the head, but grows long from the foiehcad to the back of the neck, fome what refcinbling an hel. met. The women cut theiis quite clule behind and on the top of the head : the (r<>nt is turned up in the form of a toupee, and is fiequently daubed w ith cocoa-nut oil, and lime made from fhelU, which often gives it a landy, dilagrceablc colour. Some. times, by way of ornament, they wear a wreath of flowers, fancifully difpoii:d, about the headt inlleid of a bracelet, a Ihcll is tied round the wrifi, and a fondnefs for this ornament has rendered buttons fo much elU-emcd by thefc gay damfels in general- the neck too is decorated with various (brts of Ihells fatlencd on firings after the manner of a necklace. But the molt beautiful ornament wui n by the women is a necklace, or araia, made from the varirgitej feathers of the humming-bird, wliich are fixed .la firings fii regular and even as to liave a furl.ice equally fmooth as velvet ; and the rich colour of tlie Icatheis gives it an appearance equally rich and ele- gant. 1 he ..aps :tiid cloaks worn l>y the men ut liill fupcr'or in bciuty and elegance. The cloaks are, in general, aboui 'he fize of thofe u<'ie by the Spaniaids - the ginund is net-work, and theieathcts are fewed on in alternate Iquares, or tiiaiigiilir funiu of icd and yellow, which have a molf bnilunt ap- pearance. I he ground of the caps it wicker- woric, in the form of a helmet ; the elevated part, fmm the forehead to the hind part of the neck, is about a hand's breadth, and generally covered with yellow feathers ; the fides of the cap with red. This cap, together with the cloak, has an a|fprai ance equally Iplcndid, if not fu()erior, to any (carlet and gnlj whatever. Tliefe truly elegant ornaments are Icaice, and only pofleflcd by chiefs of high rank, who wcir them on extraordinary occafions. There are doaki of an inferior kind, which have only a narrow b of hot llniies aie laid ; thetie bein^ covered with leave, whatever they want to dreh ii laid on them : more leaves are now laid on, and another la)ir ■ f hot (lones being added, the oven is covered. If a hog is hiked, the belly is always (lied wiili ." * '. 'les. Culiom has rendered this modcofilrefTi'.;^ victuals (o very familiar, that they can tell the exad time when any thing is lulHcicntly done; and in baking yams or laro they far excelled (betn on boaul the Charlotte. They alio drcis the young tops (if (aro, fu as to be an excellent fubliitute fur greens, though on board they could never boil tbem f^) as to eat palatably. The canoes ;ire not cnly finilhed with neatnels and ingenuity, but at the fame time are lalling proofs of pcrfeverance and i indutlry. They are made of a (in;'le tree, and are from 1 2 to 40 or 50 feet long. I'he hollowing thcte irtn, and bringing each end to a proper point, with their rude unfalhioned toots, iiiuft be a work of time and uni emitting attention : they arc in gcne- ril about an inch thick, and heightened with addi- jtioDil boards neatly fitted round the fides. The jle canoci arc Readied by an outrigger, and the I doutiie ones arc held together by femicircular poles, I irmly lathed to each part of the canoe ; over thcfr, udpirailcl with the canoe, is a kind of platform, Ithich ferves to carry hogs, vegetables, or any thing Itlxywant to convey from one place to another, I mil at the fame time is a convenient feat for the ptindpai perfons of both fexes, whilft the towtows, Itb paddle, always fit in the body of the canoe. ITIxir paddles are about four or five feet long, and Ipeatly refemblc a b'Slker's pail. They are very dex- Ittrous at catching fifli : and have a number of nooden images reprefcnting human figures, which Itlieydleem as their godtt but it is a matter of iMt whether religion is held in any great cilima- llioii amungU them, for every god among the iQands piKht be purchafed for a few towces. Sometimes lliitir yava dilbet are Supported by three of theic little wooden images ; and this is reckoned a mailer' piece in their carving. Thcfe people appear fubjeft to very fewdtfcafes; and (hough they doubtlefs have been injured by ti.eii loniiectii 11 with Europeans, yet fo fimple is their m.iniu r of li\ifij.% that they piy little regard to this circuiiiftancc, and fecm to tliink it an affair of iio conftcinciice. It is probable that moft of their diCorders proceed from an immoderate ufe of yava; it weakens the eyes, coveis the body with a kind of leprofy, dihiliiaies and emaciates the whole frame, n,akes the body paralytic, hallensold age, and, no di.ubt, hiiiigs on deith iilllf. Their longs, or heevas, rather rcfemble a quick energetic nunncr of ipeaking, than finging; and the pcrformcis feem to pay more attention to the motions of the body, than the modulations of the voice The women are the moil frequent perform- ers 111 this kind ot merriment ; lliey begin their pcrfoimnnce flow and regular, but by degrees iC ,;rows brifkci am) more animated, till it terminates in CjnvuUion; of laughter. It is very eviiient that theic people nave not the leafl idea r)f melody, as the lones and modulation in all tin ir longs are in- variably the fame; however, there fccms to be fbme degree of invention in ihccompolition of the words, which arc often on temporary fubjtcts; and the fiequent peals of laughter arc, no doubt, e.xcitcd by lomc witty allufion contained in them. They have drums, which lometimcs are beat as an addi- tion to their hccvas; tlicle arc abiiit 1 j or 1 6 inches high, leveral holes are cut in the fides, and a hog's (km, and fometimes a fhaik's, is ftrained over one end : tliC luunils however are dull and heavy. On the I S'tli of September every thing was icady for making {.v\ ; and having cleared the bay, their liicii.ls lep.tired to their canoes, and took leave of the Englifhin the moil afleclionatc manner: they n.iw litcicd .S. by K. with a frcfh breeze at L. N. v.. fhc next d ly they fleered S. S. VV. There w.is little variety during this voyage: the weather was very changeable. There were two (evere fipiills on the lith of October; but which proviilentially did no harm. On the ::d they faw two iilands ; one bearing N. 55 dcg. \V, and the other N. 80 deg. W. about four leagues dillant. On approaching the land they faw three iflands, fuppolod to be linian, Aguigan, and Saypan, ac- coi ding to Anfoa's delciiption : the E. end of Tinian bearing N. jo deg. li. about four leagues diflant } the \V. end of Aguigan N. \V. by N. about four miles ditto I and the peak of Saypan N. N.E. ditto. Then appeared a fmall ifland at the W. end of Aguigan. As thefe iflands are entirely free from rocks or flioals, they arc a very '.onjfoitable har- bour for vclfels, and may be entucd in the night- time with much fecurity, provided the weather be moderate. Tinian is by far the largeft, almoft ex- tending from S. K. to N. W. It has a beautiful appearance, and is faid to aflTord variety of refrefh- nieni.s. Saypan is the next in extent. . Aguigan is very narrow, and feems to be only fix miles long. From this to November, the weather continued fqually, and the nights very dark. On the 4th they law the Bntcl Tabago Xinia Iflands. On the 7th thyy faw land, bearing N. W. about five leagues dillant. In the forenoon they pafl'cd fix Chinele filhing-boats : in the afternoon they met a great number, and about five o'clock per* ceived the large rock, Pedro Blanco, bearing W. about ten miles dillant. On the 8th, the laud which they faw the preceding day proved to be the Lema Iflands, bearing from N. E. to W. N. W. about five leagues diftant. Thelie iOands are very numerous ; but dreary aod barren to the view. They faw at a diilance fevcral Chinefe boats ; and having made a fignal for a pilot, an old Chinaman came on board : he procluced fevcral certificates, and after feme time agreed to copvey ■, ;• !r';aii ■iti '3 ^im • li n6 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES ^D TRAVELS. PORT] iii convey the vellVl to Micao for thirty dollars, being twenty !':fs llian his firrt demand. After this fcveral f ilots ciine on hoard ; and it was now underllood that before thfy proci-eiled toC'itoii it was nccef- fary to obtain a permit from the cuftom-houfe; dur- ing which tim«" they were obliged to->nchor at Macao, in fix fathom .vatcr, over a loft muddy bottom. On the 9th Capt. Hixon went in the whale-boat to Macao, in order to piocurc the permit. He re- turned the next day about noon, jcing delayed through the remarkable tardinefs of the Chincfe. The captain brought with him a pilot, ti convey the vffl'el to Canton : upon which the old China- Dian was difcliarged. They weighed anchor at one o'clock, and made fail with a favouiahle wind and tide, pr-iceeding towaids the Uocca Tygris, which tiiey piflcd on tlie 14111, and anciiorcd in five fathoms and a half. They were now vifitcd by an ofliccr 'v X manilariro boat, whofe bufinefs it is to prevent any illegal traile. The next morning they weighed anchor, and made fail : tiie winds being light and vaiiable, the boats were fent out a head to tow the vtfrci. On the lOth, about fix o'clock in themr.tn- ing, they came tu ani-horat the bottom of Whimpoo Roads, in f"ur fitl.nmi and a half : the captain ived. A Captain Tafr-er, from Bombay, whofc velTd lay near the Queen Charlotte, vcty kindly furnilli»;l Captain Dixon with beef for theprefent; forwhcti- ever the ofliccr fupplied a (hi^, he always modeftly demanded a gratuity of joo dollars, bcfidcs a very handfomc profit he derived from his catering. The fhip's company were now allowed two pounds uf beef cacli per day, with greens. The vegetiblcs were procured from the cudoin-houfc boat ; ami a leger of arrack was purrhafcd from a Dutciinim, for 45 dollars. The ofliccr, however, having fou^; I out Captain Taflier's gtncroCty, put a (lop to it, confcijucntly the fliip's company were ab nit to re- turn to their fait rrovilions, as the captain w.is rr- folved not to indulge the ofllcer's wiiAy/ denunj; how ever Mr. Moore, firfl niati. v)f the Royal Adminl. (Capt. Huddart) upon undcrftaiiding the buiinc'^;, undertook to fupply them with beef, on condition that their boat was lent for it every diy : thispolit- ofler was rcatlily accepted, and a quantity of h-ct every morning conveyed from the Royal Aihniral to th'? (^icen Cliarlottc. Or the 23d C'apt. Ilixon went to Canton, where he was iiiurmcd that the King George was arrived at Macao : he returned the fame evening, and the next day went in the whale-boat, with (even men, to meet the King George, and rcnJer her every pofliblc aflillance. On the 23th the King George and C^iccn Charlotte v^crc together. CHAPTER V. Procecdinn of the K'ni^ Oecr^: and S;iifen Charlotte — Death of Mr. MnleoJ — Veffcis meafured—C.tpt, Porikdu Suiprije at nutting an old .lijii.iintance — Mutual Joy — Anes poflible to mcafiirc the veflels, after which their bufin.'fslhould be difpatched with the utmod expedition. The captains returned honi Canton on the 27th. On the 29th Mr. Macleod, firll mate ot the King George, died, in ronfuiuence of an old complaint in the urethra*, he was taken ill on the aSth, with drinking fomc llalc porter after dinner on board the Locuo Indiaman, which occafioned a rclapfe of his diforvler. He was buried on Ircnchman's Ifland, inthc forenoon of the ;oth. On the ad of December the fuperintendant, or John Tuck, cnmc down Irom Canion and mcafvircd tbp ciTcIs J alter which a faclory wai> hired at Can- ton, and on the 5th the cargo of both veflels were fent up there As the (^icen Charlotte'* company were fomc- times difappointcd in receiving beet from the Hoyal Admiral, they were lupplic4| the pilot overboard during his voyage, hciiif^utj fended with his behavimir: nntwithllamlijin ilJ warm difpnfition, he dilplayed levcral inilancHc gcncrofity and humanity. Being once at an nmerJ tainmcnt, which was given by Capt. I alker, ot il« MiHord, lie was after dinner moved with C'tnp'fl fion, at feeing a number of poor Tai tars ^winiwerl in fmall fapans about the vcflel, according to tiilli"'] atking alms \ he foliciteil Capt. Talker's per; .iilil to give them lome food, lemarking that it *"( great (hanic to let poor people want vicluili. I'l that in hiscounti to his iinportun of all the broken to diftrihutc it ai molt equal and ii Tiaana, was fix ingly well made, t apleafing,animat( and other cxprefl admired ; and, prt the gentlemen of 1 cotts, Ihcep, goat oranges, man-jocs, wuh inltructionx f that could be accet to his country, wa The time was nc and repairing the 1788. twoJuirt.f,,, Charlotte, by orders their fending any 1 not judge her pr< Kcordin^ly given u Mpcditing which a loainil them. On jlete, and a cargo velli:!. Their pnnc Eafl-lndia company' and the inferior on Chinele mcrchanc, « Canton u ctticn^t healthy. ] he lower fict, and now and t imtulge ihemfelvts w t«Me« coiililt of earn cabbages, &c, and abundance ot thclc, meet with them. The wrk. geefe, iluckv, fo iuir remarkably long i«Uni«, iheir heads \ \i»uicn drefs their ha cuLir /olds on the top Thoft of the higher c Ai fmall Ji-ct arc cfleei Ifciicj, they arc cramp thereby frequently reii ire both ingemoiiji am; cull to be underllood iocolun.rw froni the _ |inning »t the right 1 K the lift. In rcfp« wry thing by tens, an I funu.ule wooden balls iflikind ol open box, Theinhicf motiey i« .* gwi II idolatry, a« eve goii, uhichitan iinagt IjiKiious place, and t iBcmi; in the night-til wrning near ihu imag • nunibcr of wives, pol "(oreignet i< allowed wm.f/niiainof irrjpri X«\M.hftanding the! w painting, architcjai hi>or.int of mulic. I'^»tiKht. February 4th they - ♦iHnnpio liehelowtki J h ready to go down th jM board, which he did Iwrpcd clown the river, IN. K, and anchored di |«ificKiiig Georgc'i JH'inlon, and Tho. Poti hk\hv (i,ij>, and abfc-ni pra was innicdiotely di plook tl)r thc.-r. : he /c No. IP. nl £ PORTLGCK AND DIXON's VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 117 that in his country they had no beggars. According to his importunities, there was a colledion made ot all the hroken victuals, and Tiaana weiu himlclt to diftribiitL- it among them, which he did in the mod equal and impartial manner. Tiaana was fix feet two inches ia height, exceed- ingly well made, bgt inclined to corpulency : he had apltafing, animated countenance, fine piercing eyes, and other cxprdlive features: he was univcrfally admired 5 and, previous to his departure for Attoui, the gentlemen of Canton furniflicd him with bulls, cows, Ihcep, goats, rabbits^ turkics, n. On (he 3d they had variable foundings from ten to three tiithoms over muddy and fandy bottoms, On the 3d they flood over to the Sumatra fiiore, and were driven very near a Ihoul that lies between tho lltand of Lufpura, and the firfi point of Suma- tra, by a llrong tide fetting to the S. tl Doth the King (Jeorge and C^ieeii Charlotte pafled it over in three fathomi, but tr : Lanfdown Uruck, and fluck lull, upon which Ihe made a fignal of difircfs. The King George and Queen Charlotte now anchored in fix fathomn, ami hoiited out their boats to give atlillanoe, but the Queen Charlotte's whale-boat was fcarcely in the water, before flie filled; Ihe was therefore hnificd in again to be repaired by the carjrentcr. In a Ihort time after this, the Lanf. down made a fignal for further aflillancc. Captain Portlnck accordingly difpatched four of his men with an ntficer in the yaul, and Captain Dixon went himfelf in his own boat. The yaul returned in about an hour's time, and Captain Dixon early the * G g next wmMn M (fi: \i h iiUWi I v\ a.'?:-;!! t^' l'i'»l|i{if|py : If;/ mm ■\ m m4 1 B;l 1 m^-' 1 iiS NEW COLLKCTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. "j»— f ^m i -i .»i!. next morning. The lanfdown had grounded on the I'mall fltoals otV Liilpura, but was foon hove off without any damage. The Queen Charlotte now hove fhort, in order to be ready whenever Captain Portlock fliould make the fignal for weighing: at twelve o'clock they weighed and tiiadc fail : the weather was now cloudy, and they had conftant lightning. On the 7th they faw the Sifters bearing S. W. by W. about four leagues diftant. On the 8th the Lanfdown was almort out of fight. The next day they had very fqually weather, with continual thunder and lightning: at midnight the King George loft fight of the Queen, but recovered her at day-light. Se- veral of the ftiip's company were now very ill with fluxes, and on the iitn the King George luft her armourer's mace, Thomas Paftbrd, who was buried in the evening. The whale-boat was fent out by Captain Portlock to look for fomc turtle about the reef, but returned the next day without (liccels. On the 14th the iiland of Java extended from S. E. by E. to S. about five or (ix leagues diftant. The next day the boats were fent on Jliore tor water, alfo to cut wood: the fick people were likewife fent with them to recreate thcnifelvcs. The next day their wooding and watering were completed. The wood was obtained from North I Hand, where there arc no inhabitants to prevent its being cut; the water from the Sumatra Ihore, ^^ hich was remark- ably good. North I (land is only two miles in circumference: it is entirely covered with trees of various kinds, and confeijuently a refuge for the feathered tribe. Sumatra is inhabited by Malays, who abide here for the purpofc of trading with thofc vellcls which occafionally anchor in the adjacent road.-. ; and like- wife to prey upon the wrecks. Some turtle was purchafcd from one of their boats, for the lliip's ufc. On the 30th Captain Portlock fent for Captain Dixo'i, and they now agreed to part, and make each of them the beft of their way to St. Helena. On the I ft of April they loft light of each otht.- : during this month and the greater part of June, the weather was very bad, attended with thunder, light- ning, and rain. May i6th the Queen Charlotte's pumps were choaked up, which was very unfortunate, as the veflTcl, when on the ftarboard-tack, made a good deal of water: however, the ftarboard-pump was immediately hoifted up, and as it was found choaked with the fand, which had been ufcd as a Hooring for the teas (and which, owing to the tcmpcftuous wea- ther, had worked through the cieling), nine inches were cut from its bottom, and being thus cleared, it was immediately got down again. The Queen's company had been hitherto upon a ftintcd allowance of water, but as the weather was now fo remarkably ftormy, they were permitted to take ai much as they wanted. Captain Dixon, by advice of the officeri, had the forc-nold broke open, in order to examine that part. The tea that had been lodged there, wa* dry and in good order, nor was there the leaft appear- ance of any water being lodged in that part of the vcd'el : the larboard pump was hoifted up, and cleared of fand. May 18th they found a leak under the counter, upon which they got up a number of articles which were ftowed in the run, and of little confcquencc, and hove them overboard. The wea- ther ftill continued very fqually. The King George, in doubling the Cape of Good Hope, kept much hearer the land than the Queen had done, and confequently did not experience a continuance of fo much bad weather. June ijtli the King George faw the ifland of St. Helena, bear- ing W. by N. about feven leagues diftant. On the 13th they ftiortencd fail and broughtto, there being a briflc breeze at S. E. with heavy weather. The whale-boat was now fent on ftiore with an officer, to inform the governor of the veftel's arrival. In about two hours the boat returned, with the gover- nor's diredions to come in : upon this, they made fail for the bay, and at five In thccvenmg anchored with the fmall bower, in 13 fathoms, and moored with the beft bower in 19 ditto, to the N. VV. over a fine black muddy bottom. The carpenters were employed in repairing the ftieathing, cleaning the bottom, &c. &c. while the reft were bufy in receiving frefti provifions on ftiore, &c. The pco. pie were permitted to recreate themfelves on Ihorc. On the 1 8th the King George had completed licr water, and the Queen Charlotte had juft arrived, which prevented Captain Portlock ironi failing that day, as he intended. The next day the King Gcnr^rc, having received the governor's difpatches, madeliiij, having previoufty lalutcd the garrifon with nine guns, which was returned with an eiiual nunibrr. They had now a continuance of moderate brcna from the S. E. On the 25th five of Capt. Portlocki men having cat hearty of boncttos for dinner, uhji h had been caught at St. Helena, falted and hung up, they were fcized in about £n hour's time with violent pains in their head*, tlieir bodies were very much fwelled and inrtamcd, and an eruption ajipcand upon their flcins. Sweet oil was adminiftcrcd, which fpcedily removed thofc alarming lomplainrs. In the evening they were nearly recovered : thr re- mainder of this poilbnous fifti was thrown over. board. Nothing material now occurred to either vedc), while proceeding for Kngland. On the 2 2d d' Auguft the King George arrived ; and on the 17th of &:ptk.iiibcr the Queen Charlotte, both ftiips' com- panies being well and in good fpirit^i. As the grand motive for this voyage was to tnde for furs, with an expectation of acouiring cmolu. mcnt adenuatc to their labour and danger*, it u ill no doubt be enquired whether this dclign w.i$ fully anfwercd. Though the King George's Sound Ccni. pany have not obtained any wonderful gain from this voyage, yet they have been fo tar gainers, thit it it evident this branch of commerce, inlKad of being a lofing one, muft be eiceedingly protitahle and lucrative to every entcrprifing merchant who n willing to engage therein. Proper allowance muil be nuude for the inexperience of tne/ry^adveniurcri: it could not be expend that the King George would immediately anfwer the urmoft extent of the Cnm- Gny'i wifliet. The King George and Qui-en Char- :te brought home upwards of two thou fand lb. j otter fliini, which fold from eighty to ninety ilolliri each, befidci a large quantity of inferior furs. Having tuw/umiJheJ eur riadtrs in the rnojl tmfltli I maHtiir, toith Ctplains Pertlxk and Dixon'i inlernhtu a" agt Rtund tb» W»rld in tbt King Grorge and .'i^in triotte, »nd regHlaufy givtn tU Atvemura e/tfii!> I f which wtrt titver biftrt proptrly uniUd ), we Jhll I prtcted with the Voyages of Cattalnt Mtitrti, If ^finti and Dtugtas, in the Noetia, &c, &(. m th mfl fnptr to fittceed Captain Porfhtff, »nacemtil\ tbrir mtiting, which hat ittn thndj mtntmti. .•/;•(■ »>t/.V!b ')'■ ^.;h^'b•^*of'>l^.• .»:/| I rt'iit* Vl!riil|« bfr- ,rjir' r'-rtnlt ':!"(» I >d"lWp(|l»>i«i)Ui?mifl- vl I mU w <» (\\A\ l.iiuoi '.'(1 iJn-' ' ■ ANEWj B North N ( F i IN The No With all tJ>e Infoi and Com M UN] Being an Entire Sea-Otter, and i\ both to the Imp I and Full than ar Which, with the fever with a Variety of Ui THE following particularly fu diftinftion at ragtnicnt on this occ fully acknowledged. January aoth, 1786 flt«fe.){' . .-.jx—^.. It ^T r. -.1, .r.^i;- -^ '^ ■ •'•■^ ■ \ '.'«. A NEW, COMPLETE, and GENUINE HISTORY OF 'C THE INTERESTING VOYAGES FROM BENGAL and CHINA TO THE North Weft COAST of AMERICA, IN THE NOOTKA and SEA-OTTER; UNDER THE COMMAND OF .'. Captains ME ARES and TIPPING, Undertaken and Performed in 1786 and 1787. AND IN THE FELICE and IPHIGENIA; ,....' UNDER THE COMMAND OP Captains DOUGLAS and MEARES, Made in the Years 1788 and 1789. INCLUDING MANY NEW AND ADDITIONAL ACCOUNTS OP The North Weft COAST of AMERICA; With all the Informations, Discoveries, Adventures, &c. contained in the Journals and Communications of the (ieveral Offickrs and Gentlemen therein concerned. Being an Entire New History of the Distresses and Misfortunes of the Nootha and Sea-Otter, and the feveral Advantages derived from the Felice and Iphigenia, with refpefl both to the Improvement of Navigation and Extent of Commerce, more Accurate and Full than any Accounts hitherto Publilhed. Which, with the feveralother VOYAGES and TRAVELS to be included in this Colleaion, will bcEmbeUUhed with a Variety of Elegant COPPER-PLATES, Drawn upon the Spots, and Engraved by Eminent ArtlOs. INTRODUCTION. THE fbltowing commercial expedition was particularly fupportcd by feveral perfons of diftindlion at Bengal, whofe liberal cncou- tinnient on this o^cafion Capt. Mcarcs has gratc- fully acknowledged. January aoth, 17^, there were two vcflTels pur- thifwl for the fake ot this expedition. They Merc liticil out by the commer<:ial 7.eal of Britifh fubjctfls m the ports of the Eall : the firlt waa caiied the Nnoib, of 300 tons, which was to be commanded tiy Ca|)t. Meares 1 and the other the Sca-Olter, of I ICO ditto, to be commanded by William Tipping, j I lieutenant of the royal navy. A committee waa now appointed by the proprie- I ton to arrange the neccflaiy preparations for this viiyapc, when (on the acth of February) two offera «rc propofcd, vti. to fireight the Sea-Otter with opium to Malacca, and to convey Mr. Durke, Pay* Miftcr General of the King's forces in India, with ki) fuite, to Madras in the Nootka. As the for- mtr of thcfc offers, it was calculated, would be pro- Mivc of about three thoufand rupees, and for the conveyance of Mr. Burke the fame fum was to be tv..\ .v.j';;,.!. ....II •!i.> y!. paid, the committee readily accepted them, and it was now intended as foon as poflibic to make faih At this time all kinds of (lores and proviflons were extremely fcarcc at Bengal : there was barely a fuffi* cicncy laid in for twelve months. They expetfted fome afliftancc from Madras, which was to complete their equipment for eighteen months. The Nootka was ftrongly manned, but the men were fuch as necefllty made choice of. The (hip'a company were about forty, including the purler, furgcon, five olTiccis, boatfwain, and ten Lafcars, who embarked at Madras. Capt. Meares waa very much difappointed in not being able to get a car- penter, cfpccially as he experienced thcdifagrecable confequences of wanting fu ufcful an artizan. Captain Tipping w as to proceed from Malacca to the N. W. coau of America, where it waa in* tended that rhc Nix)tk« and Sea-Otter (huuld meet. It is aecclftry here to obferve, that thcfc were voyiffes of f ommercr, and not of difcovcryi not- witlmanding which, this commercial undertakini; boafta of fu many incidents, that to the reader it may i/^ratvr fomething novel tiid original. • 1.^ > •; '}« CHAP. mm im 1' 1 ,'i iKiiv y m rn 91 ir''i'H^ri?ii.Hij!,T (^,5 % M fr 1^ 120 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. JM CHAPTER f. Tbe Nootka proceeds on her Paffage — Arrives at Madras'— PretMt" fir Mjfhcea— 'Death of the Boat/wain— ArrU val — Proviftons. &c. laid in — Enter the China Seas — Anchor at Grafton Iflt — Departure— Driven among fivt Iftands — In Danger on every fide — Efcape^— /Harmed— Annn-^A thici Fog— In immenfe Danger for four l^ap — Anchor at Ounalajhka — Remarks— Diffitalties-^V^ed Uy the liatives — They become troublefeme— Are di/perfed—A hall of Sn(nv— Several ftck — Dtaths of the Surgeon and Pilot'-Confeqvent Dijirefftt— Horrid Situation of the Nootka and Crew—l^ifited by Caft. Dixon — Affifi'ed fy Captain P'oftlick — Thaw of the Ice- Recovery of the Sick — 'i'otmg Female Native pmchafed — Wtatbtr btcm\ts clear — The i/landofOwhybtt made— Tiaana taken on board— Lyt of the i'eti-Otter, dnd'Crno. MEAf ON the 2d of March, 1786, the Nootka got under faif, and in the evening Mr. Burke and his ftiitec^irte on board. They now proceeded on thdi" voyjj^t^i in .ten ^txfs they loft li^ht of latld, and on the J7th arrived inMadras : notlun}; material occurred during the time, except the exjieditionof their paflagc, which was remarkable. 1 hey now landed their pincngcrs, and procured neceflary ad- ditions of ftores and provifions. On the 7th of .\pril they prepared to put to fea : they now proceeded for Malacca : this j-mUhgc was remarkably tedious, and the crew vcTy much afflidcd with the fcuivyj the boatfwain, who was one of the mort ufcful hands on board, died : they did not ar- rive at Maiacva till the 2jd of Ntayt previous to which Captain Tipping, having comnietcd all his bulincfs here, failed for America. Tncy now pro- cured another fupply of provitions j ami laid in a ci,uantity of wood and water. On the 29111 they put to fca, and entered in a few ci.iys the China feas, proceeding w ith a (Irong S. W. monfoort. On the Bid of June they faw Balhee Iflands; and on the j6th anchored at Gratton Ide, in (ix fathom water, about a mile diltant from fliorc. This bay is fnull, but very 1 ieafant : it is furrounded by high land, handfomely cultivated. A large village it near the water, on a gmtle eminence; which, toge- ther with the trees, mountains, and 3 rivulet, form a fcene romantic and beautiful. Thefe iflcs were taken poUellion of by the Spau:ardi in 1782, who expected to have Ibund fome lich metals in them. The natives fcemed very frte and inortenftve. Captain Mcarcs, during his ftay, which was four days, was treated very civilly by the go- vernor and his garrifon, who did not prevent his trading with the natives. They procured here a quantity of ho^rs, goats, ducks, fowls, yams, {)ota- toes, &c. for pieces of iron. They left thcl- •flanils on the ift of July, and proceeded along the japan Ides. On the ill of Auguft they law the dies of Amlue and Atcha : they made for the lormer, and anchored thtre two days, during which time they were vilitcd by the Kullians and natives. In their pall'agc to Oiinalallika, they were driven among five itlands, called i'at Sopka ; a/id as they now could nut fee their way, on account of a con- tinued fog, they w ere furrounded with dangers on every lide : they had, however, a fortunate cfcapc, Thefe illands arc uninhabited, and fccm to be nothing more than huge nulies of entire rock : two of thcni bear the rcfemblance of a fugar-loaf. On the 5th iii Auguft they nice fome canoes who were tilhing for whales. On the 6th at niuht they ucrc alarmed by hearing the furgc of the lea upon the ftioi'c: they tacked and Aood on for two hours, and were alarmed again with the fainc noifc: they tacked again, and faw fome land at dav-break over the maft-head, which was covered with fnow. A thick fog continued fur four dayst during which time they were endeavouring, but in vain, to obtain a pallagci every way Iccnicd to be blocked againft them, in this diftreftiiig fituation, they were con- tinually alarmed with the huirle daftiinu of the fiirgcs I and as there were no foundiuga, their fenrs were incxprctlilile. On the 6th the tog difperi'cd : their joy could now only be equalled by ihcir awe at feeing the immcnfe danger rhcy efcaped. Ai it \vu inipoftible, on account ol the ftrong current, to go fouthward by the channel through which they came, they bore up and went to the northwan). t Having- got as far to the caftward a Ounalathka ' j they ucre enabled ijyia^or?^ >f'. wind to get through between Uriamah'and Ounalaflika. As loon as the/ got round to theS, fide of the illand, a KuIIian came and piloted their veflel into an harbour. On the 20th of Augiift »h«Jy M Ounalaflika, and proceeded down the continent, with a view of p,iiliii^ the Shumagin Iftknds, which they litw on the 271(1. Several canoe* came to them from the fhore, whicli Wits about iovk K^ucs dlfttint : the drcfj and nun. ners of the people, as well as the conftrudhon o( the canoes, appeared to be (he lame as thofe of the 1 ox ifles. On the a 8th they propofrd to make one port to the welh»ard of Cook's', River. They ftee red for a larjre opening which they faw, and which fcmud to befoTilntfd by an ifland, and appeared wry extm. live on being auproachcd. In expedtation of beinij vilited by tflc iktives, tfiey continued their ccmric for about twenty leagues up the ftrait, and at Lit met with ik canoe which had three people it in, cnj ( of whom proved to he a Ruftlan feaman. This man came on board the Nootka, and gave tlicni ionic ncceftai'v in&itmation, but which wai by no means agrceaWc, .i* it wasf contrary to their expetlations oi a good trade. They Continued their paflige through the ftraitj, which were callcti Pctric's Strait, in honour of William Fetrie, Efqj they are upwards of 10 leajrufs in FckigtH, and 15 in breadth. They anthorcd m Cape Douglas, and wore (hurcly vifiicd by a num. bcr of canoes, of whom they purchafed two or three otter-lkins. They were now detainctf by feveral heavy galci of wind, but were determined the very firft oppof. tunity to quit the river, and th proceed to rnnce William's Sound, inord^r towintcr there if polllblf. On their arrival at Snug Corner Cove, in Printc William's Sound, the weather was very boillerous, iwr did they fee a native for three days, which IcJ them fb itfiaglne that the inhabitants had rctiml from the coaft, and were gone to the fotjihward during the cold weather. Captain Meares Irom (ccing fome wood which had been fielh cut on ftiore, concluded that his partner Captain Tippmu had been here before him, and waa now gone lor Chin« : in this fituation they were opprcfltd uiih difficulties, tiic badnefs of the %eailier difcourngeJ them from proccepf. Dixon, of the Queen Charlotte : his prcfer.ce a'rtbrded univcrfal joy. Capt. Meares feiit a letter to Capt. I'ortlock, requeuing his nlliltance per favour of Capt. Dixon : however, a tew hours after Capt. Dixon's departure, Capt. Meares thinking that his prefence would have greater weight, had the long-boat hoiftcd out, in ouier to proceed to the KingCieorgej and, not- withllanding the boat was in a deplorable and dan- gerous way, yet the captain, with live of his men, and a iirft olhcer, ventured in her, and by the pro- vidential finenefs of the weather got along-lide the King George about three o'clock the following evening, the boat being half full of water: the boat was afterwards caulked by the King Geoigc'a carpenter, and rendcied fit for their return to the Nootka. Captain Meaies brought back with hipi fome brandy, gin. Hour, molallis, ixc. which Capt. I'ortlock delivered to him for the ufeof his men. On the i:th cf May the weather became very pleafant. The main body of ice being thawed, the veliel now fwung to her anchors : the lick were re- covering apace, except two, who were fo far gone as to batUe the utmoll attention : vegetables, as yet, were not attainable, the fnow not being quite gone. On the 17th the ice was entirely thawed. They were conHantly vilited by the natives, and the King and his chiefs. His maJeHy brought a young woman, and ollered her for laic ; the captain purchafed her lor an axe and a fmall quantity of glafs beads. She remainded on board the Nootka near four months, a|iparently content with her litua- tioii. The captain underllanding that Hie belonged to a tiibc who lived to the fouthward, inteniicd, while coaHing along in quell of furs, to have re- Hored her to her country people j but unforcfcen misfortunes prevented this humane delign. The reader has been already prefenteifwith a de- Icription of thofe natives : we Ihall, however, add fome occalional remarks, which were made by Capt. Meares during his long Hay in thofe iHands. " The people are remarkably ferocious, and pof- " lin an uncommondegrccof infenlibility to pain: " of this there was a very lingular proof on the fbl- " lowing occallon; feveral broken glalFes having " been thrown out of the veflcl with other ruhbifli, " one of the natives, in fearching among them for " vvhat he might deem worthy of prcfervation, cut " his foot in a very fevcre manner. The Liiglilh " wanted him to drcfs the wound according to their * 1 1 h " manner. ^m ■\f. 'i I". M !f fi ■\]A^ 122 NEW COLLECTION ok VOYAGES anu TRAVELS. i 'i n k " hut he and his companions inftanily turned the " whole into ridicule, and to Ihcw their difregard " of pain, they took Ibnieof the glais and fcaritied " their legs and arms in a molt extraordinary " manner." < After having buried 23 men in this unfortunate cove, they left it with great pleafure on the sill of June. The crew now conlifted of only 34 people, including the captain, his o(hcci:>, and two failors whom they got from Capt. I'ortlock ; and notwith- rtanding fomc of thcfe people were not quite reco- vered from their late illnels, yet they were fo elate with their departure, that they were all now in high fpiriis. On the 2 2d they got out to fea, and for ten days could get no tarther to the fouthward than 57 dcg. Several of the people were now laid up with fwclleu legs, from being fo frequently wet upon deck. Captain Meares, therefore, judged it prudent to ftand in for land j and accordingly made for a very high peak, of a fingular form, about forty leagues dillant. As foon as they approached the Ihore, thev were vifited by (cveral canoes, which were made quite different to thofe in the Sound, being lonlUucted of a folid tree, from 50 to 70 feet in length, but no broader than the tree itfelf. The inhabit iius were likewife of fmgular manners and appearance : the women were parti- cularly hideous and uncommon ; they were orna- mented, or more firoperly fpcaking disligurcd, in the lame manner as the natives of I'rince William's Sound, though unacquainted with thofe people. This is the lirll time they were ever fcen by any navigator. The weather becoming very clear, they proceeded with a northerly wind to Owhyhee: indeed, had it nut been l() line and favourable, in all probability they never fliould have reached the Sandwich Illands, owing to the miferable condition of the velTel : be- lides, the crew v\erc not quite recovered, fome being llill laid up, one of \vhom was loll; however, as foon as they entered this falubrious clime, every complaint vaniflicd. They remained at thcfc illands about a month, during which they experienced much hofpltality and kindncfs from the natives, fevcral of whom when they were about to depart ftrongly folicitcd to accompany them. Capt. Meares confented to take Tiaana, the king's brother, who embarked with them, to the ^rcat difTatisfadion of the other chiefs, who envied his departure. The character of this na- tive has been already given in the preceding voyage. On the 2d of Sept. they left Sandwich Illands, and on the 20th of Odober arrived in the Typa, atj harbour near Macao, after a very favourable voyage. They had fcarccly come to anchor, when there was every fign of a lh>rm ; which, if it had taken place before their arrival, their vcHcl, on account of its (battered ftate, could never have encountered. The people likev^ife, on account of fo long an ab- fence, being entirely unacquainted with the political flate of the nation, were very much alarmed at fee- ing two French veflcls of war in thofe leas ; and as they faw feveral boats filled w ith troops coming otF from them, they concluded the worll : however their apprehenllons of meeting with enemies wire after (ome time, removed. Now frclh calamities' took place : the rtorm which threatened Ixcanic lo very violent, that the Calypfo, one of the Irenih vcU'els, could fcarccly keep her place with live an. chors; how great, thcrclore, mull be the Nooika's danger, that had only one anchor left : they were obliged to run her alhorc, as the only way of prc- ferving her j and by the generous allillancc of Count dc Kcrgaricu, the ofhcers and feamen of the Calipfu frigate, they were happily enabled to acconipiiih their fafcty. Captain Meares now anxioufly enquired after hit partner; but there being no intelligence wh.itcvir of Captain Tipping, it was concluded that the Sea. Otter and her crew periflicd. CHAPTER/ II. Two VeJJeh fitted cut — '77r/V Namts and Commander — Creu), &c. — T/>ey leave Tyfa— Proceed It Sea — The Ifhl- genia fpnwf^ a Ix'nk—Her Foremajl danterouflyfpruttf^—Affrehenftons—Thetpbigtnia in a eritical Silmitim —The Captain's Determinations-Proceed along the Coajl ojf Lucotiia—Goal ///and feen — /1l/o Luban l/Lindi, &c. &c- — The Veffels put in a State of Defence againji Piratet^Captaia Douglas's Men affliiled with the Hcurvj —The l/tand of Punay pa£'ed—.i Mutiny on hoard tlje Felice— Its happy SuppreJJion—TiM Sandwich IJIanJus taken ill— Death and Character of the Woman— Cattlt dejlroyed — Anchorage at Magindanao — The Ca> fenttrt employed in repairing the Iphigenia—A China-man lofl—An Invitation from the Governor— Accepttd—d LuiJ Reception — Invitation to a Hall— Behaviour and Cbarailer of the People. IN January, 17^8, (\ipt.iin Meares (by the alTift- anccoffome Britilli iinrchaiits rcliileiit in IndiaJ purchafcc' and fittcd-out two vclUls in the belt manner : they «cre rtrongly built, copper-bottomed, &c. in order to endure every kind of feverity ; they were called the Felice and Iphigenia. The Felice was of 2 {O tons burthen, and to be commanded by Captain Meares: the Iphigenia, of 2co ditto, to be conmianded by Captain I)oiigla:j. The crews confifted of Europeans and Chincfc : the latter, being cnecmed indullrious and hardy, were taken by way of experiment. Among thcfc were artificers of every denomination, cfpccially fmiths, carpenters, &c. both Chinefeand F.uropcan, to the number of forty. The Chincfc were, in all, fifty I feveral others (olicited to embark, but the above number was deemed fuflicient. Provifions of the moft falutary kintl were laid in, befldes a fufficient Ihjck of warm c loathing, fcr. A great quantity of ufeful animals were alio taken on board, lor the iervicc of Tiaana's countrymen; every pcrfon being anxious to tcftiiy their regard for this amiable Indian. On board of eath velRI were embarked fix cows and three bull.?, finir bull and tow calves, fevcral goacs, turkics, rabbit.s, pi^.eons, &:c. &:i. alfo fevcral lime and orange-trer.'", whic'i were dcf- tincd for .Attoiii. Bcfidcs Tiaana. there were other natives of Sand- wich Illes, that had been brought to China by dif. ferent veflcls, who were now received on board m order to relterc them to their country : they con- fiflcd of a woman of the illand of Owhyhee, whtfc name was Wince : (he cnjoved but a very poor llaie of health ; alfo a man ahcl a boy of the illand uf Mowcc 1 the man was very robufl and flrong : theic was likewife another of King George's Sound. On the a2d of January both velTels weighed from the Typa, with a view of proceeding to fea; but being difappointed in their dcfign by a fuddcii calm, were obliged to re-anchor. In the evening, about nine o'clock, beinj^ favoured with a S. fc. hmu, the Felice made a (ignal for weighing: accordingly thev put to fea, and continued (landing to the Grand Udronc till midnight, when the Felice was oblifjcd to (Itorten fail, in order to keep up wiiii the Iphigenia, which was now conUderably aftcrn. At this time there was a prcat fog ; on which account they were more careful not to feparate ; notwith- (landing (the fog flill continuing) Captain Marci lofl fight of the Iphigenia the next night : as loon I as the fog cleared away, (lie was perceived about a league to leeward of them. The Iclicc finHj Icveral timet, that the other might judge of her lituation. The)- 1 MEARES AND DOUGLAS'S VOVaGES ROUND the WORLD. 123 The) now kept caftward, in order to make the coafl of LuConia -, the Felice being frequently obliged to lliortcn fail, as the Iphigcnia was not able to keep ficr : this fiiggelU'd to Captain Meares the necefTity o( their parcing company, when they had got clear of the Soloo Sea. The Iphigcnia had now fprung a leak above the C(l[V'^^ which obliged Captain Douglas to keep one pump go'ng. This accident orcafioned much un- talinefs, for fear it inight difcourage the fcamcn, who are too frequently influenced by fupcrftitious ideas: the captain was therefore refolvcd to remedy it tlie fi ft tiivourable opportunity. IhcChinefc were exceedingly fca-fick, and the cittle bc(i»n to droop, by the continual tumbling ol the velii'I : as it was therefore deemed impol- fibic to prefervc them all during fo long avo)agc, jml being at prefent >n want of frclh food, they judged it expedient to kill two of them now, and nrovide V ^mforiaMc nicfTes for the lick crew. They intcndid, if poflible, to prefervc two cows and a bull, and one bull and one cow calf, which they lii'pcd would become inured to the voyage. On the i5th the Iphigcnia fprcad abroad the fig- nal ot diltrefs ; upon which the Felice bore up and fpokc to her. It was undcrfrood that her fbrcmaft was fo dangcroufly fprung, that it was nece(I\ry to lUiife it immediately : it was impofnblc, however, [o.illord her any aflilhnccat prefent, as the fea ran virv high, and the wind was remarkably ftmng. Iiulctd, the prefent fituation of the Fpliigcnia, on a rmint of the tempclluous weather, and the flioals Mhicli furrounded, occalioncd no fmall appre- liiiiliiins. llie weather being equally tempeftuous on the jMh, no aflift.ince could )et be afforded. There wasalt.ige crciiled round her malf-head ; but, on 3 loiint of the great hollow fea, (he was in a very irinral lituation. Iwo tine goats on bo.ird the Felice were cruflied, bv a fi'ddcn roll of the vcflll. Another of the cattle vas tllo killed for the crew. On the 2-;th C^iptain Meares undcrdood from his pattiui, that the head of the Iphigcnia's forcmaft vas entirely rotten, and that it was with the utmoft dtticulty the carpenters could keep it in a date of leciirity : ho»*cvcr, before night, her fore-top was Itnovci-head, and her lower rigging fet up. Thc) now determined, on the firft opportunity, tnvill a I'urvey of thc carpenters, and dccincd it (\} t>lifnt to make for Sambolngan, on the fouthcrn t\;rciimy of Magiiulanao, in order to repair the l,hiL'uiia's maft, or build a new one, if the old was condcnined. Thc ifl.ind of l.uconia was fcen on the 28th ; I prruDiis to this they were apprchenlive of falling n with thc flioals. Towards evening it became I tilm, and at night they had a trcfli breeze from thc S.W. Ihcy now ftood off and on the fliore about I tor fcvcn leagues, and faw feveral fires, which con- I iiniifd hurning during thc greater part of the night. Thc :9th thc land bore from N, N. E. to S. S. F. I ibout fix leagues diftant. It fccmcd very mountrin- pus, ami for thc moft part covered with wood : by llitgrcat quantity of fmoke w hich was fcen, thc place ri! undoubtedly inhabited. Thc weather was now [plcirjnt, and the fea remarkably fmooth. On the 30th they Hood to the S. by E. in order lio make Goat Ifland, guarding againll the ihoals |wliich lay to the northward of that ifland. Goat " nd was fcen thc next day, bearing N. E. by N. Iilxiiit lix league* didant. It appeared of a mode- |nteiiii(Tht, and well covered with wood, but there l«i no fign of any inhabitants. I As the weathjfr was vcrv favourable, they ntrw Itok this opportunity bf dcfCilding tli) the Iphigcnia was four leagues a-head thc Felice, but her partner having made fail, joined her by noon. Mindoro now bore S. E. by E. about fix leagues dillant. At night the wind was ftill fierce, and thc fea rough, which occalioncd fome apprehenfion for the malts and yards. In order to clear the Calamine Iflands, they hauled clofe under tlie fhorc of Mindoro. The fires on thc mountains were now more numerous than they were thc preceding night. On the 2d, about nine o'clock, they faw thc Calamine lllaiuls, which bore S. W. to S. E. about 17 leagues diltant. As thc weather was very fa- vourable, they kept thc fhores of the Philippines, carrying a coiiltant prcfs of fail. The fcurvy had now made its appearance on beard thc Iphigcnia. Several of thc leamen were ill, and particularly the carpenter and two of the quarter-mafters : there w ere feveral alarming fymp- toms, particularly thc fwclling of their legs, and their gums becoming |Hitrid. Every antifcorbutic that they had was applied, and fprucc-beer given in thc room of fpirits. The fait provifions were always carefully foaked before they were made ufc of: rice and peas alrrrnatcly boiled every day, and tea and fugar given t«»r breakfall. There was alfo a plentiful ullowiincc of water, and great paitis taken to prefervc cleanlinel\. On thc ;{d, having loft fight of Mindoro, they faw the idand of Fancy about noon, which bore from N. E. by E. to S. E. about nine Ic.igucs diftant. They had now agreeable weather, and a N. E. wind. On thc 4th they ranged up this iiland, about four leagues diltant from l'..id, and their latitude lodeg. 36 min. N. They had no foundings with eighty fathom line. The country had a very rich appearance, and fe- veral villages were fcen on thc declivity of the hills. The houfes appeared both neatly and regularly built, anti their fine verdure and rivulets fuimed a molt delightful fccnc. No canoe, or fifliing-boat, was however feen. A mutiny was nowdifcpvcred on board the Felice, but (before it was produdivc of any fatal effects) it WIS immediately cruflicd by gentle means. The circumftnnces were inferred in the log-book of the i vrfTrl, PI i-l^^^' # Fi ii' ■; Wfmm ' ' (: ' •'.; «! . . 1.;' > ^fi' 1 -.ll' ., , » !i' ■' k: i ^trli^l ' ,m 184 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. 'i hi ' vcHll, in order to llamp a ikj:;rcc of difgracc upon thcautlinrs, it bcinj; Captain Means opinion tliat iliainc is in many calls luoro ciliuacious than even llvcrc piinilliiiu'iu. 'I'hc natives ot' Owhyhcc, who were on boaril, were excecdiiij;!) ill ; Winte, the woman, had caii^iit a tcvir, and the gtncrous Tiaana, fioin his conllaiu attcndaiKe upon her, was alio confined to Ins bed: indccil the woman was lo bad, that there were no hopes of her recovery. All ihat remained theretorc to be done tor her, was to make her ilillolution as cal'y as polfilile : ibe expired on the 5th ol' I'ebruary. 1'iaana was lo exceedingly moved with her death, that it was greaily apprehended his health would have m.itcrially fuHeied on the occalioii. lie had received from his poor country-woman, the day bc- Jbrc her death, a plate looking-glafs, a china balon and bouk", and a gown, hoop, cap, petticoat, ivc. tor his wife : this wa-. a token ot gratitude for his kiiul atttntion to her. The rcll of her property flie lift to her father and mother, and were accordingly cntrulkd to Tiaana to be lUlivered to them. The Hock of cattle was now conliderabi) reduced, through the bad wtather. All the goats except two had perillud ; and only one bull, one cow, and one cow c.ilt, now rtin.iined. On the 5th the fouthern exircinity of Point dc Nafii) bore F. N'. li. about leven leagues dilfant. During night they lUered to the fouthward and callward; and on the 6th, ai ilay-brcak, they niailc the fo.iiln 111 extremity 01 the illaiid ot Magindanao, \\hi( h l>orc call, about eight leagues dilKiiu. This ill ukI feemcil very high and mountainous. They had no giound with 1 00 falhoni line. 'J hey now lUered for Samboingan. On the 7th, at n(>on, they faw the inaiul of IJali- lau, which had a very rtniark.ible ajipeaiance, on account of a number ot hills of a conical form; one ol them (whith beiiv:; the highell was the iniill con- Ipii uous) rcit inblcvl the cap ot a Cihinefe mandarin. /\t half pall tour thev made Saniboingan; but the tide of ebb being llrongly againll them, the lignal was made tor anchoring, which they did in 11 Ijihonis, over a iiukldy l)otiom, about two milis diliaiu from the fort, and w ithui a ijuartcr of a mile from the lliore. The boats were now hoiflcd out, and the carpen- ters fcnt to I'urvey the wood of the countr)' : on their return they reported, that the timber was not only fit for their purpofe, but they could get as much as they wanted. The next morning they were fent again, with an otlicer and a llrong party of men, to cut down fonie (pars for top. fail yards, and fleer- ing fail-booms, for the I-'cliie. An equal numl)cr were difpatched by the Iphigenia, to cut a fbremalli while the pinnace was employed in founding and furveying the channel : tliey found from five to thirty faihonu, over a rocky bottom. The carpenters returned about noon, w ith a top- fail yard and the booms ; a foremall was alio cut for tile Iphigenia. \ China man, who accom|ianied them, having llrauil into ilie woods, was loll, and fuppofed to ha\e been feized by the Malayans, as the place where the men were at work was intellcd by feveral of thefc lavages, well armed. An oninM, and crimes of •fhfrebybanifliment ""F of the delinaue , '"(peft that there wi dole confinement. J "loconfiderable.hov L T^"' •'•* governor '"dolhin in Ihc three No. II. MEARES AND DOU.GLAS's VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 125 •> may be ruppnfcd) fomewhat of a richneft to an " appearance (hat was already elegant. Many of " tlicm were extremely liandfome; nor did certaih •■ arch looks, which appeared to be habitual, though >' they were heightened by the dance, render them •■ !e(s agreeable. The fandango was performed in " its utmnft perfection : the minuet was not dif- " graced by their morions; and Englifli country " danced, fcverii of which » jrc performed in com- " plinicnt to the EngliQi, have been often exhibited " with far lefs grace and agility in many of our bed •' aflcmblie?, than in this diltantand remote corner <■ of the Piiiliippinc Iflinu't. This amufcment laded " till twelve o'clock, when all the company retired, •' with every appearance of the moll pcrteA fatis- " faftion. " For fuch means of innocent amurement. the '' people are indebted to the venerable padre, who " himfelf joined in the dance. Indeed it would " have been not only to the honour of Spain, but " of the religion it profrlTes, if fuch men had been " employed, who, like this amiable prieft, could " make their millions a fource of comfort and hap- " pinefs, inilead of accompanying them with that " fevcrity of difcipline, and cruelty of compulfion, " which renders convcrfion infincere or milunder- " I)o(h1, and is in fuel) direA oppofition to the mild " and benevolent ipiiit of Chriflianity. " The village or town of Samboingan is fituated <* on the banks of a fmall rivulet, which empties it- " flit' immediately into the fea ; and is agreeably " (hailed by groves of cocoa trees. The number ■■ of its inhabitants are about 1000, among which " ire included the officers, foldiers, and their re- ■' Ipedive families. In its environs there arc feve- " 111 fmall look-out houfes, ereded on polis of " 12 feet high, in all of which a conftant guard is " kept ; fo that it appears as if the Spaniards were " in a continual ftate of enmity with the natives. '■ The houfes are built of thofe fimple materials " which are of very general ufe in the Eallern feas. " They are erected on poQs, and built of bamboo, " covered with mats : the lower apartments fervc ■' fur (heir hogs, cattle, and poultry, and the upper " ones are occupied by the family. Nor did it a " little excite our aftoniOinnent, that the Spaniards, inlkad of creating an emulation and improve- " mcnt among the natives, from their own fuperior " knowledge of the arts and conveniencies of life, " Qiuuld infcnflbly fink into the manners and cuf- tomj of the very people whofe ignorance they iffcd to defpife. But, though their houfes have " but little to boaft, their piety has produced a decent church, which is built of ftone. The fort is a very poor place of defence ; and is, as far as I " they could judge, in an abfolute (late of decay ; for the governor's cautious fpirit took care to I " keep them from any particular examination of it. I " Towards the land, its whole defence conOiled of ' > fimple barrier, with two or three pieces of can- ' nan. To a very moderate force, indeed, (his * plice would become an eafy capture : indeed the ' Felice and Iphigcnia might, without any afllll- * iDce, have rendered the Spanifh power very pre- I " carious in this fettlement. The military force I' confiAed of from 150 to 300 foldiers, natives of ' Macilla ; io which place alfo the governor him- ' fell was born.— — 1 hey appeared to be in a flate I "of difcipline by no weans unworthy of thefortrefs ' which they garrifoocd. " Sanibomgan is the Botauy Bay of the Philip- I" pines, and crimes of a certain nature are puniihed I' there by baniQiment to this place. Wedia not fee I" u>f of th« deliaqucnti, but we had reafoD to I" lufpeA that there were feveral in fome kind of r clule confinement. " loconfiderable, however, as this fettlement may ' >ppear, the governor is fuppofed to clear jo,ooo 'dglUrs in the tbre«^«ws 9f hii relidMct there. ' This advantage he derives from furnifhmg the ' foldiers with cloathing and prpvifion,— from ^olj ' dud, cinnamon, fpices, and other contraband goods. •• The condu£l of the inhaf itants was governed ' by the mod pleafing decorum, for which they are folely indebted to the civilizing fpirit of, the oU padre, as his two fellow-labourers in the fpiritual vineyard were rather calculated to deprave than improve (he poor people committed to their charge : indeed the former was of (ha( amiable, conciliating dilpofition, which is fu well adapted to the cuUivadon of favage manners. We were equally furprifed at hearing a very tolerable band of mufic, which was compofed of natives of the country : it confided of four violins, two bafTuons, with feveral flutes and mandolins. This uncx- pc^ed orchedra were acquainted wi(h fome of the leletl pieces of Handel } they knew many of our F.nglifli country-dances, and feveral of our popu- lar and favourite tunes ; but in performing the i'andango, they had attained a degree of excel- lence that the niced ears of Spain would have heard with pleafure. The Malayans poffefs, in common with other favage nations, a fenfibility to the charms of mufic, and are even capable of attaining no inconfiderable degree of perfeclioa in that delightful fcience. " Magindanao is a very extenfive ifland, about 120 miles in breadth, and 160 in length. It is a fertile, luxuriant foil. There are in fome places very high mountains, and feveral delicious paf- tures. where vad herds of cattle roam at large. There are feveral large lakes in the middle ot the ifland ; the borders of which are inhabitetl by tribes of favage natives, who think themlclvcs as great as the (overeigii of Magindanao, and equally free and independent. They are conftantly at war with the Mahometans, who are the chief inhabitants ot this ifland. They arc called HiU loonas, and profcfs no kind ot religion, but live in a date of barbarifm and ignorance. " Thcfc people are called by the Spaniards, 7V*- groi dti Monte, or Negroes of the Mountain, on account of their releniblance to the race of Africa, both in their perfons and manners. They are fuppofed to be the original lords of Magin- danao, and, indeed, of all the Philippines ; the Hla dc Negros, or IDc of Negroes, is, in parti- cular, entirely peopled by them, where they arc at condant enmity with the Spaniards. I'he Mahometan natives of the ifland are a robud people, of a deep copper colour, and arc edeemed intelligent mercnants. If the Hilloonas are be- lieved to have been the original inhabitants of Magindanao, it is very reafonable to fuppofe that they fled to the mountains to preferve their liberty, when they were invaded by the Maho- metan hods, which fpread like locudj, during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, over the eadern archipelago. Their favage ignorance and barbarous difpolitions feem to have become fo habitual, as to leave them without the lead deUie, or, perhaps, without even the lead idea of any fuperior degree of intelledual nature. The mi(- fionarics whom the zeal for infidel converfion, fo well known in the Roman Catholic Church, em- ployed to preach Chiidianity to theic inhuman people, were inftantly feiaed and murdered by them. " The fovereign of Magindanao is a powerful trince, and has feveral mferior chiefs who ac- :nowledge him as their head. Neverthcleft there are others of them who reftife fubmiffioa to him, and are confequently in a continual date of war ; fo that peace, at lead, docs not appear to be one of the bleifings of this ifland. The Spaniards, indeed, afliert their right to the entire dominion of Magindanao, but it is mere afl'er- * 1 r . •■ (ign^ i: hF' I ai,->(i 126 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES anu TRAVELS. MEA I'i^ i .' I i " tion ; for though they have thefc foi ts, &c. on " the ifland, it is by no mtana in a ilatc of fubjec- " tion to their nation. The city of Magindanao " is fituated on the S. E. fide of the iiland, has a *• river capable of admitting fmall velTcls, and car- *« ries on a confidcrablc trade with Manili i, Sooloo, " Borneo, and the Moluccas. Their exports arc " rice, tobacco, bees-wax and fpices ; in return for « which they receive coarfe cloths of Coromandcl, ♦• China-ware and opium. This city ufcd formerly •« to be vifited by European veflcls of fmall bur- •♦ then ; but it was a confiderablc time fincc any of •« them had been there. The governor faid, that •• the Ipliigenia and the Felice were the only Euro- << pean (hips that had been fcen in thcfc feas during " a courfe of feveral years. " The ifland is well wooded ; many parts of it " towards the fea-coad are coveied with impene- «« trablc forefts : in others, the woods arc fcattercd «• with a pieafing irregularity, contributing not «« only to the beauty of the country, but to its •« comfort and convenience, by (hiding the hills •« and vallies from the fcorching heat of the fun. '« The fpecies of trees that are moft abundant, are «' the teake, the poone, and the larch ; but its moft «< valuable and precious growth, is the cinnamon «• tree, which is to be found in every part of the « ifland, and is of a quality by no means inferior " to that of Ceylon. " The air of Magindanao is cfteemed falubrious, - particularly in the vicinity of the fca. The heat • • there is not, in any degree, fo intenfe as might " be expected, in a country which is iituated on •' the very verge of the torrid zone. I'he preva- « lence of the eafterly winds on that part of the " coaft which is waftied by the Pacific Ocean, ren- <' dcrs the air cool and pleafant, the trade>wind " blowing inceflantly on its fhore's. It acts, indeed, « with fo much power as to fweep the whole •< breadth of the iiland ; and though in its paflTage " it lofes much of its ftrength, it retains a fuflicient «« degree of force to afford refrelhing breezes to the « inhabitants of the weUern (hore. The interior " parts are much colder, from a very cloudy atmof- <* phere, which frequently hangs over the fummits " of the mountains in thick and humid vapours. •' The foil, which is very exuberant, is fuited to " the cultivation of the whole vcgrtable tri'ics. " Rice is produced in the grcatcll abundance. The " yam and fwect potatcm are culiiva'trd in the " higheft perfcclion. Hcic are aK.i to be founj " the cocoa-nut, pumbie-nole, maii^us, ilicjicl., " the plantain, oranges, inncs, ami, in lliorf, every " fruit that is prodnrecl in clinnicsof liu- fa:i,o " parallel. Indeed nattiic has been extremely " bountiful to the inhabitaiiit, in prcdiuing tor " them the great variety of trojiicU pr.xliictions, " without any titmnul upnn tliur toil and labour. " Here arc aid) goldmines, which arc fuppofej " to be of confidcrablc value j and it miy be ni. <• turally imagined that a knowle.ige or fafpicion " of this circumftancc firfl induced the Spaniards *' to fettle on this iiland : but as the natives are " ignorant of the art of forming mines, they re. " main unexplored bythem; and, astheKngliili were •• informed, little, if any gdld has been obtained, " but what has been wafhed down by the autuinnil " torrents trom the mountains wliicii the Hilloon^ *' inhabit, and who are in pofTcllion of thole pirti " which are believed to contain the precious ore. " But thcfe mountaineers are too numerous jnj '• refolute to rcfign a lituation tlu-y have maintaind " fo long, withiiut a feverc and bloody flrug"!,-, •• and the Spanilh power is, at prcCcnt, tar too " feeble to make any attempt to dillodge them. " Every part of the ifland abounds with hufTi- •' Iocs, cows, hogs, goats, Js:c. It airords th «« great variety of fowls, and a fpecies of diici:, " whole hcail is i)f a line fcarlet colour. Here jr.- " alfo a fmall breed of horfcs, rennrkable fur their *« fpirit. The natives, h.)\vevcr, principilly ftnplov " buffaloes in tlie various brandies of huibindrv " and agriculfurc. Tlie people of Magiadj::., " univcrlall) w the betel and arcka, but mik: " a more hkk. .ate ufe of opium liiau any otli.'i " inhabitants of the eaflern feas. " The proas of the Malayans are numerous inj " powerful ; they carry from fifty to two hundrrj " men; and the confrqucntc of their defultorycj. " peditioDt is bloodfhed, carnige, and captiviiy " to the people ot the defencelefs towns and vilhgti " whom they furprife, or the unfortunate crewjof " vcfTcls which they may chance (u capture." CHAPTER III. Proctedings ef the Felice — Meet with perilous Iflands^Proceed along tbt CtaJI ef Rlou—Jeblo Mountain} fcn- Gulph of Chiauw— Clear of all Danter — Ifland »f Wagiev) feen— A favourable ll^nd-^ People ennur^ij- Another Group of IJlanJs — Several Canoet—-Bebaviour ef tvn — Defcription of the Pecplt-^frtewill Ijlrl feen — h\eet five hundred Natives — Their Confidence and Cheer, &c.—7hey come »n htard'^-Deperture /rw/J Jflands — Tempefluous Weather— The Foremajl fprung~Secured—Def}rufiton of Cattle-mA new Vejfel dfjijiti^ — /f Tempejl— Land fan— Jflands difcovered — A huge Rock mijiaken for a Vefjel, which they called Lt'iVr.j — Continual Storms, O'c^—The American Coafi feen— All the Crew employed in relieving the Yeffel—AncknJi in Friendly Cove. TTTE {hall now leave the Iphigcnia, while re- \y pairing, and follow the Felice ; then, for the fatisfadlion of our readers, relate their occurrences ultimately. Captain Meares, having delivered fome neceflary inftructions to Capt. Douglas, proceeded along the coaft. They loft fight of Samboingan on the 1 2 th of February at day-break, and at fun-fet coul(| fcarcely fee the iiland of Magindanao. They loft fight entirely of the S. W. extremity thereof the next evening. The weather was now clofk and hazy, and the winds variable : at night there wai much rain. They continued their courfe to th# fouthward and eaftward. On the 15th they conjeAured themfelves near t body of land, on account of the fmoothnefy of the fea : on which account they made every necellliry preparation to avoid anydanger that mjght threaten. By the light of the moon, they very fortunately perr<;ived themfelves within half • mile of an iflitiij which was covered with white fand, and almofto a level with the water. I'hcy immediatcljr put tlj helm a*weather, and bore upto le<«ard. Thtl were no foundings with loo fathom lines, wbitf confequently renders thofe low Tandy iflands \ perilous, efpecially in a dark night. a« the navigatJ for want of foundings, may ndt have tinidy uotij of the danger. As ibon as they loft fight of ti iOand, Chey proceMed E. S. £. with a freOi gl from the N. £. On the 17th land was fcen a..tMad, about iwdl leaguet diftant. The next day they wereclolH ^itn the Ifland of Morinlay. but wnnted 1 fivoi able wind. They bore up for the channel bccvej the ilhnd« Riou and Jiloio ; then proCecdtd al^ the coafl of Riou, about two miles dilUnt. Tbon the land iip))eared welt covered with w^ood, w was no fign of inhabitants. The lofty mo dous appearanct under their lee connected with Morinlay, in tht They pa fled th (uid to the foun :Jc look-out. ' miles diflant, w( was rulling in a Ttyed many alari from fix to eight ciiannel from 14 The iflands are al S. Being now c the S. end of Mo to the v.. S. E. * variable, as well the S. and S. W. On the 2 2d the] bore from S. E, dillaiit. The weat light. Having th and dangerous na\ ing an ifland whici it iinpioHtablc. ' the (ad 'effe(fts of tl a little difcouragecl pifl'age to America kef|) down the fcui On the 2 ^d a fav ing (pirits of the 1 their courfe to the conliderabiedillanc of illincis were no with wood, and fu of rocks, bearing fr five miles diflant. dling between the men in each, approa Tatee, tatee! but no < tocomealnng-fide. greitefl furprife, ai fffingeft pofitions. and wdolly headed, flout, antl well mai the .African negroes row, and long: fo I nut-iigger ran out fwcen, made with ft woiketl from the ri iiiinds had not bcei Meares called them which the natives i .tjiofii iilaud4 ( the w On the 27th they «nd the largell no m ancer alfo a large vi the ifland, fecniingly X^ty were vifited »« leart 500 natives, canoes were built ii (he Sandwich Iflands pwple. The people a •nd fpoko (he fame We the veflcl in a 1 >nd cheerfully exch «Dd coir-line tor fma ccived with reiterate I'hey continued (I > Rfntlc breeze fromi Uo the 18th the < »f«ther fijually. •, '«d from the maft.l found it to be the fI ftince was not believl JT the return of Ibf biought a very har 3 MEARES AND DOUGLAS'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. The lofty mountains of Jelolo had now a trcnen- dous appearance. The great gulph of Chiauw was under their lee, while feviral low, fandy iflands, connected witli flioals, were about five leagues otl Moriiiiiy, in thechanne! along which they rtecred. They paffed thofe iflands, every attention being niid to the foundings, and the men continually on tlic look-out. The flioalx. which were about four miles diftant, were quite apparent, and as the furf was rulling in a dreadful manner over them, con- teyed many alarming ideas. Their foundings were (rom fix to eight fathoms ; and when out of the channel from 14 to 30, over a hard fandy bottom. The iflands are about five leagues in extent, N. and S. Being now clear of all danger, they made for theS. end of Morinlay, and continued their courfe to the I'.. S. E. with a N. h. wind, which was in- variable, as well as the ftrung currents letting to the S. and S. W. On the 2 2d they fawtlie ifl*nd of Wagiew, which bore from S. E. by W. toW. about lix leagues dillant. The weather was flill fultry, and the wmds light. Having thus for a month endured a tedious and dangerous navigation, they were now approach- ing an iiland which they feared would alio render it nnprofitablc. The people already began to feel the flid cfleifts of the warm weather ; and were not a little difcourai^ed by the appearance of a tedious piflage to America. Every means were applied to keep di)wn the fcurvy. On the J ;d a favourable wind revived the droop- ing Ipirits of the men : they accordingly changed their ccurfe to (he N. L'l. and in a little time got a conliderabic dillance Jrom Wagiew. /\notlier group ot ill.intis were now feen, very cxtenfive, coveicd with wood, and furrounded with flioals and reefs of rocks, bearing from N. W. to N. E. by E. about five miles dillant. Several canoes were feen pad* dling between the reefs, two of which, with five men in each, approached the vcflel, and called out Telle, tatet! but no entreaties could prevail on them (o come along-fide. They beheld the fliip with the greateft furprife, and threw themfelves into the ftringeft politions. Thefe people were jet black, and woolly headed, lite thole at Papua: they were flout, anti well made : their features like thofe of theAdican negroes. Their canoes were very nar- row, and long: 'o keep them on a ballance, a large out-iigger ran out on one fide, with net-work be,- twcen, made with ftrong cord, which wai evidently woiketl Iroin the rind of the cocoa-nut. As thefe iilinds lud nut been placed on the charts, Captain Mcires called them the 'laitt Iflcs, after the word which the natives made ule of. At noon they left tboil) iilaudx the wind being ilill favourable. On the 17th they faw Freewill Ifles, being four, ind (he largell no more than five IcagULt in ap{)car- ance : alfo a large village, fituated on the fliorc of (be iiland, feeroingly an entire .uncultivated forclh They were vifited by fcveral canoes, containing itleail 500 natives, all of whom were men. The tinots were built in the fame manner as thofe 0/ (he Sandwich Iflands, and held half a dozen or feven people. The people alto poircU'ed the fame manners, ind fpoke the fame language. They came along- fide the veflel in a very free and friendly manner, and cheerfully exchanged a quantity of cocoa-nuts sod coir-line tor fmall bits of iron, which they re-t ceivcd with reiterated cxprcffions of joy. They continued their courfe to the N. E. with 1 gentle breeze from the W. N. W. Un the aSth the wind was changeable* and the veither (i)ually. The next day they dilcovcred land from the mafl-head ; and, upon examination, found it to be the Freewill lllands. Thit circum* ftinct WM not believed at firfl, till it was iconfirmed 17 the return of lome of their late friend*, who bioQght a very handfome prsfent of coGoa-nutfl^ and could hardly be pcriuaded to take any thing in return for it. On the ift of March they loft fight of theic iflands, but ftill experienced the fame diiagreeablc weather, and fevtral fi[ualls of rain, ia confequcnce of which, the crew wcic very much dtjcclcd, and feveral of them l.iid up with colds, ^c Their pro- grefs was exceedingly flow, owing to the violent currents. Kvery means were ilill praftifed to iup- prefs the fcurvy, and a plentiful allowance of water continued. On the 3d while the weather was extremely tem- pclluous, they difcovcred the foremaft daugcroufly Iprung below the hounds, while the veflel pitched exceedingly, owing to a heavy fail. The top-maft and top-gallant-mall were now got down on deck, anil the fails unbent : every one, particularly the carpenters, were now employed to remedy this evil. The majority of the cattle were iikewife deflroyed by the rolling of the veffcl; the goats were all killed in one day : luveral plants intended for the Sand- wich iflands, were Iikewife loft. The weather ftill continued ftormy and unfavourable. On the 5th the mall of the vcflTcl was fccured : they kept ftand- ing to the N. \V. As foon as the weather became favourable, they overhauled their fails ; and alfo j^rcpared two new compl'.te fiiits of fails new roped, lined, and mid- dle-ltitciicd : they alio repaired their old ones. All the people on board, coopers, armourers, &.c.' were likcwilc employed. It was now intended immediately on their arrival in King Ocorge's Sound, to build a floop of fifty tons, which would be of the gi catcft ufc, not only in colUcling furs, but cxploiiug the coaft wheu occafion required. The caipcnters were therefore employed in preparing the moulds and model : the plan was immeiJiatcly laid, aud a party from the crew feleclcd, who were to be left on fliore with the ariificen, while employed in building the veflTel. It was thought necefliiry to make the arrangements foon, that there might be no delay when the opera- tions were begun. 1 he month of April commenced with extreme bad weather, rain, thunder, lightning, Sec. On the ad thefea was remarkably rough, and the veflel was pitched fo heavy, that flic fuffered great da- mage, her head-rails were carried away, ficc. As there was every appearance of a violent ftorm ap- proaching, the top-gallant yards and mafts were got down, and the main-fail furled, the top-fails were clofereefcd, and the mizen balanced ; tlic main-top-fail was kept abroad, the reft handed. When the ftorm took place the veflel's head was kegt to the N. E. there were heavy fqualls from the S. E. and S. \V. both very violent, but the lat- ter more prevalent in this fituation, it was expecled every minute that the mafts would be (battered to pieces. I'hcy fet the fore-fail in order to feud before the ftorm : the veflel plowed her way remarkably faft, and they were obliged to heave-to in a htgfh fea. As foon as this awful tempeft was over, theyiibudded to the N. E. with a fmart breeze from the S. W. On the 3d the weather became calm, but the ftorm returned at noon, and the fea was as high as ever. At night it became moderate again : they flood to the N. E. till the 4lh, tlic wind having fluffed to the E. S. E. afterwards it fixed itfclf in the N. £. quarter : the weather became 'fiiie,' knil they flood to the N. W. They now faw land oeu:- ing £. N. £. about eight leagues diftant. ' p^ the 5th they (Tcered tt^ tde N. E. the wind haying ihitted to the S. £. Thev thfiiight tliey (a\Y ibinething like land to the £. S. E. Iblut ot ac- count of the hazinefi of the weather, they weft noC furf; whether it was Und or a fog-bank: however, in, a little time they were convinced' it wal land. It appeared to be a barreo iiland of ao' gnht extent, 'ibout Bl'T. ,; m\ '•i ^i^v i'' ■•; 1 \' l:\-A \ ^^' 1'^ mt k •vrfHi'm .. — -..»,- ■Hm tiS NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. m^ r •bout fix miles diftant : they failed along the (hores of (his illand, and prefently after faw another : the fog Hill continued, and there was a ftrong breeze With much rain. They tould not fee the direft number of thofe ifles, but as they perceived a large grampus fpouting up water clofe to the (hore, they called them Grampus Iflcs. The weather conti- nued tcmpcftuous till the 6th, when it grew clear. It now became as cold, as before it was warm: accorilingly they reducrd the allowance of water without any inconvenience. Having now a fa- vourable wind, they proceeded to tiie north as faft as poflihlc : Icveral Imall iflands were fcen on the 9th. In the moroini; at nine o'clock they thought they faw a large veffel under a great crowd of fail : They concluded it was a galleon bound to China from New Spain, accordingly they began to write fevcral letters, to inform their friends in China of their welfare; but when ihcy were within two leagues of the objeft, this fuppoled galleon was a huge rock, that was (landing alone in the middle of the water. The firll who difcovered the decep- tion, diverted himfelf for a long time with the different obfervations which weie made by the failors, one of whom begin to fancy that he faw her colours. This rock, which is one of the moll • wonderful that was ever feen, was called Lot's Wife, as it rclembled a pillar of fait upon a near view. At noon tlicy were a-brcill of it : it then bore E. N. E. about four miles dillant. This rock difplayecl a very awful fight : it rofe almofl pcrpeni'.icular to the height of about 350 feet. A (mill black rock appeared a little above the water, about 50 yards from its weilern edge. On the S. E. fide there were caverns, into which the waves rolled with moll tremendous fury. As they met with a piece of a canoe floating on the water, they were in hopes of foon meeting land. From this to the 23d, there were contmual Uorms; the wind then became moderate, and the weather fomewhat fair. There were (lill feveral (bowers of fnow and hail. On the 34th they had another fierce florm, attended with heavy rain: the velTel drained exceedingly in her rolling, and her rigging was very much damaged. The next day the wind Ihifted to the W. IM. W. and the weather became moderate : indeed they had now a continual (ucccflion of gales, alfo of clear and ilormy weather, during the re- mainder of this month. The month of May introduced very pleafant weather: they.purfued their courlc to theeaftward. About the 5th they had occafional fquallt, and threatening fog!<. The fqualls of bail and fnow became very frequent about the 8tb. On the loth they kept running during the niglit under a prefs of fail direclly in for the American cnad, which appeared on the nth, beating E. byS. about I 3 leagu(^s diflant. There was a ridge of vail mountains on the continent, the tops of which were buried in the clouds ; and which illuminated the atmofphere, by the reflection of fnow, with which it was covered over. When within four leagues uf the land, the wind (hifted to the S. E. by E. upon which they tacked, and flood for fea. The Princefs Koyal, of London, was now feen under the weather land of the found, beaiing down to them. There were feveral heavy gufts, and continual fqualls, on the nth i which prevented them fmin carrying any fail : thefc fqualls were attended witU hail and (now, and at latl terminated in a (loim. They had now lolt fight of land, and the veffel had fo exceedingly drained, that two pumps were dil- abled, and there were fi.x feet water in the bold. The llorm did not abate till the next day at niKiD; in coufequcnce of nbich (he fliip was in gieat dillrcf^ being very much wore, and bailing the water from the hold, which was flill incieafing. I'bey flood in for land, which they faw again at feven o'clnck in the evening : but finding they had been biowa to leeward by the florm, they were obliged, mortj. fying as it was to re-tack, and fland out again for (ea, with a N. N. W. wind, the found bearing N. E. about feven leagues diflant. The night being very dormy, the crew were employed 111 bailing the water out of the pumps, it being then impofGble to repair the pumps : they alfo lay-to, uodcr t'lc reefed forefail. The next day was equally flormy, and the vefTcl as much didrclTed as before : die wore, and her head pointed in for the land. The weather moderated about eight o'clock} upon which they made fail, and at ten o'clock anchored (to their great fatis-' faclion) in Friendly Cove, in King Geoi^^c's Sound, a-brcall of the village of Nootka, within 100 yards' of the ftiorc, in four fathoms. In this comfortable harbour (hey enjoyed (bemfelves, and the weather flill continuing dormy, felt no little folacc in bcm; thus happily lecurcd. Wcfljall now return to the Iphigenij, and inform our readers in the iuccecding chapter how (he bis been employed during this tedious pafl^ige of the Felice from Chin.i to the N. W. coaft of .\merica. After which we (hall refume the account of bet confort : and tbu* give the proceedings of each veffel in a tegular manner. CHAPTER IV. -ouglas (ient his officer on fliore, to know what demand was made for the articles received, the vefld bring now ready for fea : it was fuppofed that the account would be about 050 dollars: how- ever theoflicer was infornieii that the whole of the demand was cxpcdlcd to be paid in, iron, which fhould! AS foolk as the Felice had departed, all hands on board the Iphigenia were employed in lliaklAg ready for fea ; but the governor now, who bad been fo exceedingly polite before, became all of a fudden ungelieroui and aflbming. Capt. Dou- glas having received (bme cattle, bags of rice, and a quantity Ot vegetables, waited on the governor and invited him to dinner, meaning to prelient him with fome bars of iron, which Capt. Meares left behind on purpofe, underftanding that they were the mod acceptable gifts. TisU invitation was accepted by thtf governor ; and during the entertainment, be meare; (hould be weighed ihc otticer was abou was arreded by a f d.ik prifon. The ordinary delay of h learn the caufc ; the and dtiained, while was dif|)a(ched to f captain was almofl knotting that his j quently ruffcr, he ga vcllcl, and went on i. the rcafun ot thofi: c> governor informed 1 mined Co fccure his p; Ihould not depart till was put on Ihore. monllrated, the govt The captain then re fivcnty-eight bars of half of w hat he had lars in the vcllcl ; i ci'pt of nothing but ir piTcmptorily refbrcd, lillul in fuch a difho be miinediatel} rhrour td the governor, whi and dollars ; hut rcfuf the people whom he I he had received fome w jiiJ tthich was accordi cf this cruel delay the bom^'an till the aind. firing a gun. She had now a vcr oh;ij;cd to proceed with cf ihc nuiiierou* illaiul princhcd. On the 2d of March red" o( roc'ks, which e miles; they were not Thiy proceeded now t Hard. On the 91 h they fa\ h;!lN. ahout ij hagucs «iif km on the fhore. On the loth, they m.^ by Icveral canoes, whitf dillancc, holding up co %na! of peace. 'Ihty ^ onboard, and tcllifie'd injt tliev had never k ilidl- jK-opIc it was undc »a:ir was to be had at ilfcnicd advifable to 11 ftppi)-. liicy were rcvifircd . iwn, v(ho brought with •hi; h they ex( hanged fr This ifland conliftcd WRuein circumference, >iurc .111(1 cocoa-nuts. "I unknown, as there was n Jfiil taroroor. There « "I that It appeared at a Ull, The natives arc flout a "about two hundred Hfcmcd very anxious to h P' iipon the captain's \mny alarmed that he •Jfds, notwithftanding 1 '''/tfpecl for it. The '* at the Sandwich L hwliy as adivc in the wl 'laana was now ciitircl '"Other Sandwich Iflandl '™g his illncfs. was n «arj. On the 9th they faw a fmall ifland, bcarinc: K. hiltN. about is Uagues. A great number of lights »tic I'cen on the (liore. On the loth, they made for land, and were vifited by Icveral canoes, which at firft kept at a rcfpcClful dillance, holding up cocoa-nuts in their hands as a l:gnal of peace. They « ere foon pcrfuadcd to come on board, and tclUfied by their great aftonittimcnt irijt ihcy had never feen a vcflel before. From thdc people it was underllood that plenty of good «a;cr uas to be had at the ifland ; it was therefore I deemed advifablc to ilop here a day and get a fupply. llicy were rcvifitcd by the canoes itJ the after. r.ooii, who brought with them cocoa and taro-root, I »li,(h they exchanged for iron. This ifland conlifted of low land : it is about a I bfiuc in circumference, and well covered with veu-- im and cocoa-nuts. The produce of the ifland is unknown, as there was nothing fccn but cocoa-nuts jrd tare root. There was one tree fo remarkably u i that it appeared at a dittancc like a vefl'el under Uii. The natives arc flout and robuH, there fecmed to I be about two hundred in number. One of them Itemed very anxious to have a piftol wf'ich he faw ; but upon the captain's difcharging it, he was fo \pM\y alarmed that he would not touch it after- |«irds, notwithftanding he kiflcd the barrel to flicw Ibis rcfpcrt for it. Their canoes arc the fame of jthorc at the Sandwich illands, and the men fecm |ftliially as adive in the water. Tiaana was now entirely recovered ; but Tawncc, jinoihcr Sandwich Iflander, who attended Tiaana |4ring his illncfs, was now exceedingly ill himlclf, |udin rpitc of all the care which wa* bellowed on No. II. „ ., . .-. him died the 23d. Several of the crew were like- wife ill. As the winds continued light and variable, they made to the northward on the 28th, being deter- mined to land the lick as foon as pofllble. They had now frequent fqualls of rain and varia- ble weather for fevcral days. On the 4th of April they faw two low iflands, alfo fome land about twelve leagues dittant. As they were at prefent in want of wood and other ne- cefrarics,the captain intended to take the firft oppor- tunity of fupplying the vcflel, accordingly they made for this land, which fecmed likely to aflbrd them a plate of fecurity; however, on nearer approach, it proved to be a clutter of iflands, upon which they altered their courfe, and made for two low iflands. In the evening they were vifited by fevcral canoes, who exchanged fome taro and cocoa-nuts for knives, nails, fiic. Several others after this appeared, and the fame traffic was continued ; fome ot the natives, however, hr.ving got a few nails in their pofl~eirion, refufcd to make any compeiifation, upon which Captain Dcnglas fired a mulket over their heads, and the culpi'ts were fo alarmed that they imme- diately jumped into the water, and hid themfclvcs under the Ice of their canoe ; thofe that were innocent kept their places, nor betrayed the leaft fign of fear. They were now among the Pelew Iflands, a def- cription of which has been already given in Captain Wilfon's voyage. Captain Douglas was, however, una( quaintcd with the misfortunes of the Antelope, nor could he undcrftand w hy fo many canoes fol- lowed the Iphigcnia, upon her departure from the iflands, wherein the pcpple exprelfcd an eager anxiety to difcourlc w ith her ; but as the veflel's fituation was critical, on account of the rocks, there was no at-, tcntion paid to their cries, whereupon one of the natives difcovcred the greateft dittrcfs, which bor- dered upon abfolute frenzy. k was afterwards fuppofed that this was the king Abba Thulle, who, perhaps, was expe<^ting the return of his fon Lee Boo. The largeft of the two iflands was called by Capt. Douglas Moore's Ifland, in honour of his friend Mr. Hugh Moore, bearing S. by E. half E. about fix leagues dittant. Two others were called Good Look-out Illands, bearing W. S. W. half S. about four leagues dittant. I'hcfc were low and fandy. They continued for fome days looking out for a harbour ; but not meeting with a commodious one, the Captain gave up the idea for fear his arrival at the coall of America might be too late. On the 30th they faw rhe Ifland of Amluke, bear- ing N. by E. about 14 leagues dittant. On the 3d of May, as they were approaching land, and expcdling a viflt from the natives, they now cleaned their fire-arms. On the 5th they thought they faw Trinity Ifland ; but on the 9th it appeared to be an ifland forming part of the coaft between Foggy Ifland and Trinity Ifland. The hills were covered with fnow : the low lands fecmed to pofl'cfs good verdure, but there were no trees to be feen. On the loth they faw land, bearing E. N. E. about 10 leagues dittant. This land was called Cape Collings. On the I Ith they faw the Ifland of Kodiack, and the next day Trinity Ifland. They directed their courfe through the patta^e between Trinity Ifland and the main, with a hnc breeze from N. N. W. they had regular foundings from feven to feventecn fathoms, over a fine fandy bottom. They were vifited by a native in a fmall canoe, who complimented them after the Ruflian mimner. A (hort time after another canoe, with one man, came up ; he offered them the flun of a grey fox for a few Deads, which he fecmed very well pleafed with I but as he wai not able to fallen the (kin in ♦ Kk . time 'mm fi^m h ' * >■ •il'l"'' h im ■* 11 Tfr»»»ti'| MaMkHribM*^ »30 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. MEA '«i(!i \m ill titne to the velfelj which at this time was making rapidly, he took it b.ick with him. The jolly-boat was now dilpatched with an officer (Mr. Adamfon) on Ihore, to get fome fi(h. He procured iomc halibut Jrom the natives, who re- quefted fnuft' in return, holding out their boxes to be filled. Thefe people, though they pollelFed much of the RufTian appearance, were Kodiack hunters, or natives ot Cook's river; though about two years ago, the latter feemed highly averfc to fnutf. On the 1 6th they faw Cape Grcvillc, bearing W. about nine leagues dittant. The extremities of the land from the llland of St. Hermogencs bore N. W. by N. ten leagues to the S. W. by W. They paiVed Barren Iflands at midnight. Oit the 17th ill the morning they were vifitcd by two canoes from Point Bede, and a little while att!"r by a Riiftian from f\w fame place, with a few Kodiack. hunters. They brought fome frelTi falmon, for which they had a little brandy and tobacco. When they ran up Cook's River, they were vifited by fcven or eight canoes ; but fuch was the poverty of this place, that not a bit of fur was to be had. On account of a llrong tide, they were obliged to anchoi in five fathoms snd a half, ?bout two miles from horc. Tht boat was now .viilled our, in order to go on Ihore ;o look fur t'li'. watering-place, and obferve the behaviour of the natives. On laniling, they found a fniall river running by the fide of the huts, and the natives very (liy. About fifty or threefcore c'"fhem fat balking in the fun, on the oppoi'tcfide of the river, who took no notice whatever ot the boat's crew. As the Iphigenia was in great want of wood, water, and hih, it was abfolutrly neceflary to rcmam in then prcfent fituation, till a iufficicnt fiipply was obtained of thefe efll-ntial articles. On the i8tli they inovto the ihip higher up, fo as to lie oppofite the rnnuth of this river; but be- fore the tide hccanii- favourable llv: touched the ,,;roui.d ; fhey therrforc run out the ledge, hovc-up immediately, (limped the hawfer, and made fail, V hen they touiui a bank on the outfule with only two f thorns and a half : it being at this time low water, the boat was fent a-head to found ; when they ran up the ri\rr about eighteen miles, and came-to with the l^ v n, over r. laiuly bottom, and ;»bout a mile and an li.i.t ff<^>m ths iiioie, uhich had a fleep beach, lie luut w.'» tlun fiiit to tind out the mop' convcniiiit piac; lor watering. They were no* rcvilitcil liy feveral canoes which they law vdlcrday: and though the natives hsd nothing to fell, they continued neat th^ »1up till .he evening. Somo of them, indeed, caught a f(u falmon, which x\eic purchaicd w/th bc^ds. It ap- peared at if thefe people were on the watch to pre vent ujyof the natives up Cook's rivcr from viliiing the fhip. On the 19th they were employed in l/Mwing, wooding, w^'iTiny;, 6ic. On the 20th ihi-y fighud the anchor and moored fliip, when all hands were employed in wooding and v'ateridg. 'f hr nit was aWo hauled into the mouth t'the ti\<.s for l^liiion, but without futcefs. On the 2if^ five canoes came down (he river, and the peo| i( in them called out Ifttta, Notta, as foon at thiy got along- lidi' rhe fliip. Five otter-fkins were piirchaled ot thefe people, but thcy woulJ take nothing excfpt broad tmr-iron 1 two «« of which were paid lor each fkin. It appeared as it they were at war with the Ruf- fSaniand Kodiack hunters, each of ihrm being armed witn a couple if daggers. They earneftly entreated the captain to go higher up the river 1 and gave him (o (indertianil tlut u was from the report of hi* guns, whi'li he ordered to he fired morning and I ve«iing, ihnr the) knew of his arrival. I'hey a/fo informed him that thcy had got a confiderahle nuantity of NntiinithiKks, or fea-otter (kins, bur were afraid cci bung dicm down, on account of the fCuiFiani. On the 2^A their watering was completed. The long-boat alfo having received fome damage, fhe was hauled up on the beach, and the carpenters and caulkers employed in repairing herj tney were like* wife A to work to prepare a couple of marts and yards for her, as it was intended to difpatch her up the river as high as Point Poflrcffion, on the informa< tion of the natives. On the a4th, the long-boat being finiflied, fhc was launched, and difpatched, with the turn of the tide, well manned and armed, on her intended expedition, under the command of the chief of. hvor. The captain ordered them to proceed up as high as Point Poirellion ; to look into moft ot the fmall bays or low lands in fearch of inhabitants, and to barter his iron or beads for fea-otter Ikins, black foxes Ikins, and falmon. If he met with any Ruf. fians, he was inflrudcd to treat them with civility. but at the fame time to be upon his guard, and not to fuffer eirher them or the natives to enter intohii boat. Ill cafe of bad weather, or if by any unfore. feen accident he Ihould be detained four or five days, Captain Douglas mentioned his dtlign, at the end o^" that lime, to follow him with the Ihip up ihj river to Point Poffelfion ; and that he lliould lire guns to give him notice of his approacn. The orticer, howvcr, was ordered to do his utnicll to return to the hip at the end of tived.iys. The captain likewife fent the carpenter and caulker on Ihore to procure fome fpars lor can, Wiiich were very much wanted ; but for which thcy were under the neceility of tracing the banks ot the river to a confiderable dillamc, bclorc thcy con I J find any that would anfwer their purpofe. VVtitn thefe people returned on board, thcy declared, thjt as the long-boat turned the point, they heard the dilchargc of eleven great guns. Though Laptain Douglas was, in fome degree, alarmed when he f\\\\ received this intelligence ; yet, as he had been in- fornud, by a Rullian who went on boani the Iphi, genia at Point Ikde, that noiK- of his tomitrynwii were fo high up the river ; and as the lonj;-lioat, if (he had been altai kcd, would have returiiol, the wind bein^ fair to come b.-w k 10 the Ihip, it w.ii concluded, as it afterwards turned oiir, that tl.i'fc great guns were nothing more than mulmicts, Ahuh the people had tired at lomedueks, and whole rqi, rt was .onvf.td b\ the wind, which iilew riglu iu the plate where the larpeniori werear work. On ihe 95th they were vifited by two canon, which brought a fea otter cut through the niidJlf, and otherwilc mangled. It appeared as if thcic n>- nves thought that the Heth wai. wanted, and not ih« fkini liut no fat ufactory explanation could iKob. tamed, as they did not omieil'and any words thjt were add rrffird to them; and indeed gave no caul'c for fuppoling that ih'y had ever traded wiihsnr K.iiropcaii pt«ipl<- Ihcy h.id not a (ingle bcail ol any kind in ihr.r aoticiJion ; and the du which »crc now given them termed to art ra>.t ihai kind of ad- mir*'ion which ii awakened by objects that have been nc»er, or at leaff fcldum, fern before On the »*th i\('/tanoes can* l,.«m the fouth.| ward i in one of which was the f '>(4ian who had paid thf IplogcMiaa vilit from Pom' licde. He hr(iiij,'ht a , r > nt of fome falmon, i»tH( h was returned h\ i Imail jxircel of tobacco. In the afternoon t«fl«c| double canoes came ilong-rtde from ihc louthward; the jx-ople in ' em were Kodiack lumtem, bin ihfVi had neither fk.nt nor fith, though :hey pnitniredio bring tinnc of (tie latter in the morniiig. On the 27th the long lioat returned, having nh- taincd nothing hut one very indiffrrrnr lea nitcrlkin, and about two do/en of Ijilii lulinon. The nthur,! Mr. Adainfon, reported, that as high up the rmtl as 6'j ileg. 41 mm. N. he met with Riilliins .mdj Kodiat k hunters, who followed him troin vilja^o 11 village, and had got entire poiUflion of the nvirj At fix o'clock the Ihip was unmoored; nnJ, oiuN turn of the tide down the river. ihcy now (fo with light win feamen were nov difappointmcnt On the 2d 01 ingly, owing to along the coafl w On the 6th the mities of which Proceedingt of tht Ground given ti aft the Europei gium to the Com\ liunijh, end the DURING thi feveral nati'- aiiiniring the vefk inlinuating means endeavours ineffefl a number of canocj Camckala, the na «as exceedingly I; (ountry: the abfcni quill.i, and another duets of confequcni unealinefs. Cameka with brafs button! cixUde, good line all hi.s countrymen : the whole body of terrible noifc on the tied great joy at this *hoalmo(l wept liei As Coon as thefe ( Mthe king's houfe. prepaied; t)ut Caiiu ttic hnglidi c.Hjkery. trymens cntenainni biaicij with fong.< an I'ljs' 'he F.nglid, letu Mj'iiiillaandCalli »f;i' had been on a m >F"ition of Maquilla and Callicum — A Spot of Ground given to the En^lip for a Houfe that is begun — Natives ajftji the Artijls— Maquilla and his Chie/i ape the European Fajhions — The Grind/lone fiolen—A general Commoli»n—Tbe Pinnae* Jiolen — Iiijlruilionr tivn to the Commanding Officer, refpeiling the n'w Vejj'el they put to Sea — Occurrences — Defcription of Waca- nunijh, crrd the I/LnJs — Sudden Confufion, Prefents, &c,— Departure of the Veffel, and her Progrtft, DURING this time the Felice was vifited by fcvcral nati'-s, who aflembled for '.he fake of aiuniring the velkl. Captain Mcares ufed every infinuating means of attracting them ; nor were his iiuicavours inetfcOtual, being conftantly vilited by a number of canoes, who fupplicd them with fifti. Camckala, the native who was on board the Felice, «as exceedingly happy in being rcflored to his country: the abfemc, however, of his brother Ma- quilli, and another relation, Cailicum, (who were ihictiof confcquence. ind on a vitit)gave him fomc uiicalinefs. Cainckal,. bcinj^drclled inafcarlct coat vtith brafs buttons, a cocked hat with a fmart cockade, good linen, &c. attracted the notice of 3II his countr)men : he was welcomed on fliore by the whole body of inhaliitants, who made a molt terrible nuife on the ociafion. His relations tciti- tkd gieat joy-t this meeting, cf(K.cially an old aunt, « ho a I moll wept herfell blind. As loon as thefe falutations were over, thoy went tothc king's houfe, whi-rca magnificent fealt was pnpaied ; but Caimkala being lately accuftomed to the t'.nglilh (.iH)kery, did not inui h reiifli \\h coun- trymen s tntcriainment. The evening was celc- bratrd with fongs and lianfing. f.nrly in the eveii- i:i|{ the Englifli rciurmd on board. Mak]uilla and Calla um, the relations uf Camekala, *hiih.ul been on a vilit of ceremony 'o Wicananilh, iprinre of great confequcn* c of a triui to the fo'uh. Muil, returned on the ihrh of May, attended with tui\e war-( aiioes, (iintaiiiing each about 18 men, i,o,ithid from the neck to the am le with l'>cautiful fca-iittcr (kins I thejr hair powdered with white (I0V11, and their faces l>cdaub< likcwife very expreirive, at fhe^ l»€«f time with (heir paddlct againll the gunwale ot the buar, IVii r ihcy paddled round the vcflel \ then brought ih' ' '^inoes along'lidc ( while Maquilla and Calluuii> cinic on board. On receiving lomr preficnti whii h were made thetn, they threw oft their fea-otter garments, which they laid at the itti uf the donors, ind remained naked : in return, they were prefented With blankets to cover them, which they accepted, iml ildcending into their canoc:< took tncir leave. Mamiilla (ccmcd to be about 30 years old, with a guwl open countenance, and well made. Callicum j Oijboiit 40, and likewifc poflcfTrd of good features I Their attendants were very comely men. A fpot of ground wa« now granted to the ffJigiifli by Matjiiiila, for the purpofe of building a houfe for their accommodation on (hore. This was aartly trtctrd on the 18th, the iMttvci hivuig ainitsU in bitn|{ing timber, of filh, a general com- motion took place in ihc village, and in a fliort time half the hoiiles dii'appcareJ. Thclc houfes are to conllructed that their removal rajuires but little trouble. ,\lw given Maquilla of the I'clii.e'i in- tended dcpartmc ; he was acquainted that her re- turn wduld be in uboiit four months, when it was luppofed the new vcllel voiild be ready. Hii at- tention and friendlhip «trt earnelHy requcllcd to th« ,^i r the Englilh to Wicananifli: upon receiving ionic prefents tlicfe chiifs took their leave. In a little time the weather broke up, and they now llooci along the fliorc. I'rcfently alter they were viiitnl by another number of" canoes, in the forcnioft ot which was Wicananilli, who readily came on board, and in a moll excellent manner piloted the veflcl into his harbour. They anchored between the main and the illands, where they were well flielteicd. They now purchafed otthe natives wild onions, berries, filh, &:c. On i.ie 14th, as the weather was very fine, the captain and a party explored theifland. They were inv .ud bv :hc chief to an cnttrtainm.nt, where they werr recei\cd by a great concourle of women and c.K.,dren. U icananilli, in a »-nv hofpirable manner, met them naif way from dtc entrance, and conducted them to a feat near ins own, where they indulged their ciinofity. The chief's houfe was enclofed with a vaft area. It connamed a large fquarc, boarded inp clofc on all fides tfo the height ot twcnry feet, wjch planks of' an unconamon bn.adth dnd Imgn T^rcsr cnorinows trees, ru«lcJv carved and i.>ninr<*d, mrnwi ihe rafters, wiiich wnie lupporied at the ends and i«i rhc middle by i;igant)f inia.;cs, carved out ot huge Nocks of timber. 1 he faux- i^mfi of broad plank: covered the whole to kee|> out the raiti ; bur they -^erc io placed as :o be remo\ed at plealuir, either -m re- ceive tlu a,r and light, or let out the iniolvr. In the niaklle of this Ipacious room were leveral hres, and bclidf them large wooden velU-ls tilled with filh loup. I.arge ll es of wliale's Helli las in a llate of preparation to b<- | iit in liniilar machines lilled with water, mtowhi. the women, with a kind of tongs, conve\cd hot lloius from very fierce fires, in order to ni.ikc it boil : hi.ijis of lifh were (Ircwcd ahniir, and 111 this central part of the place, which nui'jit very properly be called the kitchen, flood large feal-fKins filled with oil, from whence the gueli-. vrc ferved with th.it delicious beverage. The trees that fupporied the roof wcro of a li/.c which would render the niaf> of a firfl-ratc man ot war diminutive, on a coinparilun with thent ; 11 uas wondcrlul how fuch ihength as mull be iiecef- fary to railc thofe enormous beams, could lie found by a people v holly unaci]uaiiucd with mechanic powers. ihe door by which this extraordinary fabri< was entered, was the mouth of one of tlicfc huge images, which, large as it may be fuppofed, was not difproportioncd to the ether features \\t' thi.s monflrous vil'age. They afcendcd by a lew fleps on the outfidc, and after pafling this extraor- dinary kind . portal, delVendcd down ihr chin into the houfe, uhere they found new matter <<')r allo- nilhnient in the number of men, women, *»kI chil- dren, who couipotVd the latnily of the chief , <« hich ( unfiftcd of at leall . i^dit hundred perfbns. I jjefi- were divided into groupcs, according to cheir rcf- pcijtivc offices, which nad their dinin ed fever d large ' >'i r whuli hung bladders of • ' IIkisoI ' .ill ■• ilefh, and proportionable ; of lijiitibir. i'clt iinifor»iii' / • al .ip.irtrneiif. S-: I'odii .i.s the Ki»>' oil ant lifh loup. a'^d a large mulcle-lhcll, by nay of fpou/i, ronipolid r.'ie uBconomy of the table. Ihc 3 fervants were bulily employed in preparing to ic- plcnifli the feveral diihes as they were emptied, and the women in picking and opening the bark of a tree, which ferved the purpofe ot towels. If the luxmy of this entertainment is to be determined by the voracioulntfs with which it was eaten, and the quantity that was fwallowed, it mull be coniidcrid as the niolf luxurious feart that was ever beheld. Even the children, and fomeof them were not more than three ) eats old, poffeired the fame rapacious appetite for od and blubber as their lathers. 'Ihc women, however, are forbidden from eating at thtle ceremonials. As foon as the fcafl was over, the Englifli were dcfired to flicw the prefents which they intended for the chief: a great variety of articles, brouglu for that purpofe, wefe accordingly difplayed; anions which were leveral blankets, and two copper tc.i- kettles. The eyes of the whole alilnibly were ri- vetted on thtfe unufual objcds, and a guardian was immediately alfigncd to the two tea-kettle's, who, on account of their c:itould preclud<' her from awakening an 111- tcrclt even in minds cultured to retinenient. .\s the Englilh had not, very tonunately, dilpoled of all the trealurc they had brou|^t on fliore, they prc- fented the hulies with a few tKadsand ear-rings thai remained. Jrom this to the 17th a brifk trade was carricJ on with the natives. The chi( f gcnenlly paid the I-elice a vilit every day, and both natives and Lnglidi lived on very friendly terms. The natives brou{;ht I ilieiii abundance of fifli of varnius kinds, falmonaiil falmon. trout of the belf flav.>ir, cod, halibut, lock- 1 lilh, afw-i herrings fielli froni ihefeaj the woinni 1 and chf,H«rn alfo told them crjv-filh, berries, wilJ onions, lai^liids, and other efcui* iit plants. On the I rh the Englifli wer, invited by Win- nanilh on fh«r<, to engage in a barter for furs. \<. loon as fluf Mad landed, they were comlia'Ud, I as bcfor< , to t .^ hmfe, where they lound the numlnj of h'sf^wil;. '• >- rather intiealetf than diminilliahl \' ' nn. or cei»fiw<)ny, however, wm nowtiT>plnyif examining III I orneft^** »f prtc/a to iitty MEARES ANo DOUGLAS'S VOYAGES ROUND t;ik WORLD. 133 ofNcotka, jwiielilii all the cunning nccefrary to the gains ot'mercantile life. The fame rage for prefents prevailed here as in the Sound, and even the ladies ^^ould interfere in making a bargain, and retard the! conclufion of it till they had been gratified with ad- ditional donations. When Ca[)t. Mcarcs was about to ctnbark, there was a luddenand univerfil confufion throughout the villat;ei a confidciablc number of canoes tt'crc in- ftantly tilled with armed nien, and being launched in a moment, were paddled to the (hip. At Rrii ihc cajitain was apprehcniive thai, fomc broil had ' taken pliice between the natives and the crew ; but; it appeared that a matter of political jcaloufy, re-' ipicinig fome of their ncighb:nirs, was the caufc of^ thii liKlden commotion. Some ftrangtrs having \cnturtd 10 vilit the flii[) without the knowledge of' Wicananiili, the chief had ordered hi'> people to fall upon the intruders, one of whom they had now ic;zcil and brought on fnore; and though the Englifli 1 mailc tiie moll earncll inicrceffion in his 'behalf, jnJ even proceeded to threats on the occafion, he ■ was quickly dellroyed. They arc fo remarkably licrci- and cruel td each other, as to be totally un- jcquainted wicli mercy and forgivcnefs. l-'roni this to the 20th they had very bad weather, anJ tonilant rain. As it cleared up in the even- ing, they got under lail, and was piloted agam by : Wicananilli (who came on board on purpofe) into lharlHuir which was named Port Cox, the boats bcmp; ffiit a-hcad to found. They now anchored m » very cimmtotiious harbour. i The uihal>itant,s here were very nurncrmis, and as iticy were of a bold, intrepid nature, the Englilh ihought It highly prudent to be particularly careful jnd ^Hilant. On tlie 2 1 \\, therefore, they difplayed thiirarnut, and fevcral blundcrbudls. Wicananilh, on kciii}; this, departwl from the vellel in a great j tagf, and r»'liifcd not only to trade himfclf, but proiiibiied hfsjH'oplc: peace however was rcitored itie iitx'C tby, l>y lome prefents which were made I jim.a.'ii! which \uiv retumed by the chief ma very I ptcl.]! manner. Oil the 2«th the inhabitants Of the village were I ibmil I mavrnp. Ironi a canoe whivh arrived from King Georgr'is I Sound, with n prelrm from Ma<]uilhi, the captain y the (atislm'tioii lo hear, that his people who Ucaihue we»* in ^ofxl health and fpirits, and t!ie IkuuIIH in great l. curding l<» the feafo.i of the year, " the calls c! n-'CilIIry, or the invitations of plea- " furc. In one Ol ihele places there were al'out " 26 hoults, each of which were capable ot ton- " tainnig 100 inhabitants." ,m >> RXIi-_JU.lJU 1 . »■ «- -Xi ' .-j ! mig ' : the CHAP T E R VI. ^,L. ^^lliirture /rem IVirana'iiJ/^—Pi'ontui to the SctitljuiirJ alont tbt S/jcre-~Vi/ittd by a Number "/ "Natiws—Thtir I ana ck- niiinl I wilJ ! »1C1. Lmbi-r I Jidu'd. 1 1 titer-' Itiittcil ■x>. w piiv.nj if tlit Wm Jivij^ir Apftaranu—The Cbit/ fitrty and difii^rteahle-— Their ruJe nnd violent Behaviaur to th( Icng-boat— Rt-\jlitta — None of them invited on board- ^'ijited hy otbc- (Mmts i Jijli^^i eeablr Situalttn -(,af- Flattery Jttn-'Btiy of i-^teHhitbt—' try tltleafeJ by a Ja^^iablt Wind Remarkable Ljnd ■vijtted by Strdnf[(rs— I hfcriptien tj thm—Cj>n' ntie tint CA.urfe~-'Curfcry Objei . itions — Pi/i/e//ioti taken of J*lm L)e J'lica Straits in the Kiiif^'t htiie—Anchvr in J'it KJfinf!^ham — V\fittd by ti.* Nativei—Octajionat iiemarki-^lAiiij/-boitt difpatched to ex- fviihe Stiaili of l\ luca—,1 violent Cuiifiid wit'- ibcfe People — Captain's Men ret- - wounded — Injury not nrtal—zitcetinl tf the Attack — Departure fiom Poet K^itf^btim — An(b"r in Friendly Cove—-Accounl of the hily that uere lift there — Vritgrefs of the new Veffei—,/ Mutiny happily terminated — //•(• Mutineers nude to vxrl^T/jtj frec/tJ lo Port Cex— Anchor there— Kenarki ^heir Return to Friendly One. ''Hey now left \ViL;iiwni(h, ano proceeded M the fouthward along the coall. The natives jlttt ixiceiling cliAfrincd .i( their dcjuirture. in Brcnurfc they jK-rccnicd Icvrral viliagrn, and were (tifiimally vifited by caMuei, the people lomcwh^t feibliiip tliofeol rorr Cox in their manncru and Bfons. Ihcy arrived at the entrance ot a great iilkd J"!in Dr iuo, after its original dd- »tii,'r, ii'iining to be about 14 lcagur> brond, anboat was dilpatched well armed and manned 10 look loranamhuring-place, but returned 111 thr evening after a fruitlcf* Icarch. Ihe idund was • lolid rock, and bore a deceitful np(xat«ncc. I he Uiat, during her exciKlion, was ircqiientlv m- Mimiiioilctl 1-y [\\e naiives, who coinmiU'-d many ri)(ir.tnd violent Uepredationi. The captain's men * L. I wcr« m: 134 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ;;i 11 W :?l. verc prevented by the prudence ot the oflicer from Tctallating. They continued their courfc to the fouthward, ftanding along the fliorc with line weather. Ihcy then entered John De Tuca (Iraits. On the 30th about ^00 natives, with their chief, came from the illand of Tatootche. Ihey went fcveril times round the velfcl, admiring her j but as the Engliih did not like Tatootche's condu(;t, there were nortc of them invited on board. Thefe people, after fitiging a very melodious fong, returned to their illand, and the Iclice Hill continued her courfe to the fouthward, with a gentle brec'/.e. As they fleered onwards, they were continually fur- rounded by canoes, from villages on the high banks of the fca. Thefe people carnelUy invited thevellel to their refpcctive Ihores : they could not, however, be prevailed upon to tome on board the veflel. ihefe villages were numerous and extenlive, yet there was no bay that promifed the Icaft fecurity : the land appeared exceedingly wild. Cape Mattery was feen at a diftancc in the even- ing : this place feenied likcwil'e deilitutc of any fee 11 re bay. On the id of July, in the morning, they faw the bay of Queenhithc, where the crew of the boat be- longing to the Imperial K.igle were dellrojed. It was now fo \try gloomy, that they could not fee the village; neither did they peiciive any c.iiioes,' or inhabitants. Dellrut'tion Illand, which is low, flat, and without a fingle tree, was fcen about a mile diflant from the illand. The) fleered to the S. W. and were embayed with thick weather and rain ; they could neither anchor, on account of a heavy fwell which rolled into the bay, nor ex- pert to weather the weflcrly land on account of the great weflcrly f« ell : as the better tai k, they therefore flood till noon to the S. S. E, attci wards 10 the N\'. N. VV'. then kept unde/ a (refs of fail, with hopes of weathering Deflru'!!;;-' Illand. The Weather now clearing up, they fa\, 'i.c illand .1 point under their lee-bow, about a mile and a halt liiltant, while a heavy fca was drifting them fait in with the fliore : they immediately call anchor, in a very wild fituation, on a muddy bottom, but wheie it wa^ inpolTilile that the anchor couKI hold long, on ac- count ol the coniimial rolling of the fea. This fiiuatum was rendered ftill more liifagrce- able, by the conflant relk'ttions on the cannibals of (^;ccnhithe, to w hole f.iva^e cruelty they were nearly cxpofed : however the wind fuddenly veering to the S. S. h. they were enahlcil to tack, and lleer oil the lliore with a flowing Iheet. In the evening, thinking they had lutln.ient oiling, they woic and flood in again for land. On the 2d they law land, bearing I", about fevcn 'cagiics diflant : it was called Saddle Mill, on ac- co.'nt of Its flrong relemblanvc tf) a faddlc. They were p'cvcntid trom making this land, owing to the bad weather, which endangered the long boat that they had flowed allern The wind Inilicd to ihc S. W. the next dav, and then they flood m for land. On the 4th the land was feen, bearing from N. to N. I-',. It was remarkably high in the northern <]uaf tcr ; therelbre this mountain was called Olym- jHis. It was covered with fno.v. On the jih they fliil kept (landing in for land. At noon they were within two miles of the fliorc, but the place feemcd dreary, and there was no lign of inhabitants; the land was low and Hat. Ihey were in a fliort time, however, convinced thai the place was inhabited, by the a|)pearan( e ol a canoe with a man and boy i they came along. lule the vrllit, which now hove-to, but coulil not be per- fuaded to I omc on hoard. I liry made thtm lotne prcfcnti, and in muin leceived iwofca-otier Ikinn. Thcfo people relemblcd thofc ol Noofka in their drcis and manner?, hut wct without ortiamcnt.i ; thtir language liiunded (juitc dilfcicni ; xhty had, however, 4n idea of trade. As there was now a likelihood of trade, they he- came anxious to find an harbour : accordingly they coafted it along the fliore, and were in expectation of meeting a good port at Cape St. Koe, which lay on a high blulf promontory, which they doubled on the 6th, though they did not fee the leail appearanrc of an inhabitant. There was now a piolpeOl of a promiling bay, the boundaries of which .were formed of high land at a great diflance. As they fleered in breakers were feen right a-head, which cxtentJal acrofs the bay as feen from the mall he.id ; they therefore hauled out, and directed their tocrfc to the oppolitc fliorc, in order to fee if there was a ly channel. This promontory was called Cape Dif. appointment, and the harbour Dccept.on bay. [[ was now proved that no fuch river as St. Koe cxilU. Not being able to find any place of flieitir lor the vcllcl, they bore up for a diflant head lain! keeping their courfc w ithin two miles of fliore. As they failed along, they perceived many fpacinus lawns, and the land had a very delightful appear, ance : notwithflanding, there was not the leall ap. pearancc of any inhabitants. A large ojjening now appeared, but being cloftd by a low landy W^h nearly level with the lea, they were difappointcj again in linding an harbour. This they callal (jiiickfand bay, and the adjoining hrad-land Ciic Gienvillc. 'Ihe diflant foutheily hcad-lanti wjt called Cape Look-out. This cape, which is virv high, terminates abruptly in tl-.c lia. '] lure .la- threc large ;emarkable rocks about two miles dii. lance therefrom : they were about a quarter ol a ip.lc diflant from each other, and were called the Tl i,j brothers. They now proceeded to the norduMid, as their progrefs to the fouthward was fo unlortu! natc. They did not make land til! the loth ol Jul); then they perceived the high land w hich lornnd tl:e eaflern lliore, in the liraits of IX- I'uca. On the nth they dilpatched the long-bo,it to feck an anchoring-place : flic returned wuh a l.i. voiirablc report, and piloted them into a fine fpaiKiti harbour, lormed by a number «)f illands, mIikii were rather high, and well wooiled : they ai chord in eight fathoms, over a muddy bottom, well (ciir. I from the wind and fea. 'I hey called this plju I I'ort lillingham, in honour of l.oid l.tiingluni. They were now vilited by fcveral cancKs, »hi^h| coinained a large number ot natives . of thefe iki pun hafed an abundance of lilli, ;uul plenty ot wilJ j lierries and onions. They alio took polh ili.xi ol ih? I fliaits of John dc Fuca, in the name of the king ill (ireat-Hritain, agreeable to the general form. On the i jth they were vifited again by then.iti\f<, who biOight them furs Jl (iilferent kinds j alfniii!, \c. '1 he long-bo.-;: was difpatchcd to explore tScI liraits of Oe I'lica. I On the :oth the long-boat returned ; but hcil furprifed was the captain, to find that his nun »a:j fcvercly wounded, in a violent confli.l witli tttl natives of the liraits : this onalioned their luiKlcnl return. The attack was begun by the fava^es: ib boarded the boat, with the dclign ol taking fir, 1. .wo canoes, coofamiMg hctweo ortyand (ilty mciij who were moti i>robably (oin ot their choicell u.: riors. S' rral other vaiioes alfo remained .. al'ni diflance. to nflilt in the attempt ; and the (hoR«« cvii^ "here lined with people, who dil. hi»t(,^ l j| th> II veffeUomunial fliowers of flones and > :o| A chief ■-> one of the c noes, whoencoii! .1 advan the *'.-«.» with a finale ball, while in tlie \ > ■ thu'wi I fpeai v'l a mofV enormous Itiv '■ cinklw. 1. Thi. circumflaiii e canted tlu a to draw >.ack, inddeorived ihc tiaiives wtin alre:idy rnga|{rJ ot tnat fupport whirli mull hivj cti (ill ctl I hrm •hevitftoiy. Indeed, it i> wiimlnlif how the b«*f» compaii), which ov tilled unl) 1 thirteen mm, attd who «irie attacked with tlictiml coiiragcouii fury by ftiprtMV numbiri, elia|i«t '1 numcroiii weapon* which »kt anfliiittly dil>.har,T from the lliore. MEARES AND DOUGLAS'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 135 In this engagement the natives behaved with a fpirit and reiolution that rclUVed the ufual terror of lire-arms among a favage people ; for the contclt Mas clofc, and lo' fomc time the Knglilh fought tor their lives. One of them had been lir.gled out by an individual lavage for his victim, and a fierce eiig:'g^nicnt took place between them. The native was armed with a Itone bludgeon, and the failor v;ith a cutlafs. They both manittftcd, for fome time, equal courage and dexterity ; but if an inter- vening oar had not broke a blow, armed with ail tlic tbVce of his enemy, the Englilhman muft have funk beneath it. It however tailed of its object, and gave him an opportunity, by a fevere ftroke of the cutlafs, to deprive the native of an arm, who, iiotttithltanding fuch a lols, and fcveral othir «ouih1s, contrived to fwim from the boat, indebted for hi< life to the noble mercy of his conqueror, who liifdained to kill him in the water. The fea- nian who was wounded in the leg, continued, during thcndion, with the arrow in his tlefli -, and without aitcnipting to rid himfei, ofthc torturing weapon, iKXanie, by his courageous and active exertions, a very print ipal inftrument in prcferving the bo^r. 'i lie whole attention of the vellel was now trans- fiTrt'il to their wounded people; but though feseral (i| ihcin were much hurt, they were conloled with liniling tliat no mortal injury hail been received by jm. I he otlicer was wounded by a barbed arrow in ilic head, which would have killed him on the (pot, it a thick hat had not deadened the force of the \n'.T|ioii One ot the leamen was pierced in the hrtad, and another in the calf of the leg, into which the arrow had entered fo tar as to render a very large incilion ahfoluttly neccH'ary, in order to dilcharue it. A fourth received a wound very near the heart, but the weapon which gave it very fortunately tell lliiirt ot ihe vital parts. The rert of the people were bruited in a terrible manner, by the Itones and clubs (il the enemy i even the boat iti'cif was pierced ma thoui.uul places by arrnwg, many of which remained in the awning that covered t!ie liack part of it, and whith, by receiving the arrows, ami breaking the IjII ot large (lours thrown trom tlings, ir. a great imaliire laved the captain's jwrty trom inevitable liiliruaion. Willie returning down the Ikaits, they were met In .1 Im.dl cinoe, wherein there were two men who KloMned to the tribe ot Wicanaiulh ; ol tlivfe they liunl-.aleii fome lilh ; but thric vile lavages having iiltcrcd lor fale two human heads, which were appa- rently jiiU (lit oil, am! which they underlliHHl to btthf heads ol two people belonging to Tatootche iihrm they murdered, lodifgiillcd the Knglilh that ;lin hclit thcfe n.itives in the utmoll dctellation dimnn their llay with them. Till' now prepared for joining their party in Kill)! ( KOI ge'b .Sound, as their indeavoiiis to dil- (Q'.cr the extent ot the tU.iits weie at pnlent m- ilicctiial. On the lift, ir 'e mori^ng, they put to lea, ami Will- entirely tie. ■ of the Sound by noon. ' 11 I'llingham i« 4n exceeding commodious har- IViur. There t«xSve!lent innber on the eoall lor I k,k!ii\g V ' TfH. Vh« 1 • «re levcral pl;n es of llielter iboiit th< iouihI, nough the found n nut near lo 1 tiunlive ,is that ol Nooika. I'n I. .. j:d they Hood to the S. W. and the next div If) ihi- W. N. VV. to make land till the :2^th the .either bn nine Ic i>.iJ, tliat they louliinot jiollibly I lole Mith the Ihoic. I'll I'll .,th, the weal, er being dear, the entrance I 'if k tieorge's Sound wan lei n U'.n ng I'l, N. !•'.. 11 K agues dil)ant. ' be ;oih they anchored in Friendly Cove, aftrr liiiai luicc ot one niuiuh and 15 di>)s, where thr> Ifci'ml iheir part) on llinrc fair md well, who were l^uW) lejOKcd at the liifcty .nil w Ifirc of the hlicc. ihe new vcllcl was in grca' Ibrwardnch 1 llkiiicf pait ol her iroti.work being done; tlic was completely in frame, her tides planked, decks laid, &c. 1 he building of this new vefTcl having created much curiolity among the natives, feveral parties of tl rangers came to tec it. 'I'his gave the Knglilh many opportunities of collecting a quantity of turs. Captain Meares was very happy to tind that Ma- quilla hai) llrictly fultilled all his promiles, and that Callicum during his abfence had tellificd great ar* tention and friemlthip towards his people, by whofe immediate orders they were regularly fupplied witti filli, and other proviiions. They were not, how«. ever, a little alarmed, during the Felice's abfence, by a re|)ort which tome of the people of Wicananiih had brought to them, inlinuating that a great part ot ihc Felice's crew was deftroyed by the natives of Tatootche. As this ftory was related previous to the aiition of the long-boat with the peojjie of the Hraits, it proved to be a mere fabrication, but for what purpol'c is unknown. On the 27th the crew were permitted to recreate thcmfelves on Ihorc, the weather being remarkably fine. The ncx: day they returned to their labour, with their ufual fpirits. It was now agreed upon to proceed again to fea, in order to vilit Port Cox, and renew their com- mercial bulincfs there; this intention was, however, IruHraied, by the boatfwain and fome of the boat- men belonging to the vcHll, who had re-commenced a dangerous mutiny. It teems that ever linee the fiTi\ attempt the arms had been removed from the quarter-deck to the cabin : it was the mutineers' intention to fei/.e the arms, and put the tirft officer to death, the rcit of the .leople at this time being employed on Ihore ; but the othcer having lortu- natcl) gained the cabin before them, whereto the arms had been removed, he ilefcnded the door with. a loaded bluiuierbufs, until fomc of the otiicers, who were fitting on the quarter-deck of the new vellel, beingalarmed by his cries for allillance, immediately armed ihemlelves, and haltencd on boarii thcveliel. Thus prepared, they turned the crew on deck, where they looii difcovered tiie ringleaders in the buiiiuls. Menaces being uled of punilhing thofe who per- lilted to be difobedunt, the men who were inclined lo ferve the captain were thrretiKe warned to feparate from thedilobedient ; accordingly, on their prcle'iit- ing their arms, the crew joined the c .ijitain, leaving the ringleaders, who conliltcd of the boaifVain and eight others, that obllinately refuled to return to their duty. Ihc captain (:u now the vcflel was per- tecti) fciure) being unwilling to llicd any blood, gave thciii their choice either to go into irons or he turned on (lure with the lavages ; the latter being pieteircil. they were accordingly landed, with every iliing thai belonged to them, by whii h means {^ood Older w;i/. again rellored. The party on Ihrwewerc prohibited frnm haviim any < onimunication with tlicle relu'llious men, nur were they, on any pretence, to admit thrm, or any ol them, into the houle. A Itnct watch was alio kept on board. Oil the J9th one of the lliilors made a volunrary (onlellion of this bulinels. I'liey had bound ilum. lelves by a paper, which ainioll all the crevi hail ligned, to get poUellion of the lliip as loon as polli- bie, quit tin- coalt of .America, and (leer their I'Oiirle 10 the Saiulwich llland.s, thence to fome port where they mig!"t dilpolcol the i ,irgo. The writing bc- inj; dclUoyed, their intentions with refpeCt to the iilhters were not known ; no doiibt.they werceiiher !■• be murtlercil, or to be left .it Nootka. Thelailor* who had joined in the mutiny declared, that, they were obliged to content, through the menaces of the iingUadcrs. From the lofs of thofe fcamcn who had relellcd, they were prevented Irom making another voyage to Port Cox, as intended j lb that now their chief olt hit trudi with « dcf( ripcioii of tiic wintcr.rdi. Jmcc of Wm unanifli. On the mornmiv of the 13th he arrived «t Cllo- qustt, which fonliltcd, like the other towns, of fuch houlii at iirr ulifKdy dc)< ribcil, but hinrc commo- dioiilly conlllii' ltd, poUclfing a greater lliarc of their luilc magniln ((iTf than any w Inch were yet fecii. It was very litji^t and populous,- and the dwrlling of the chit! much more capacious than that which he (iccupieil in flw Village near the fe«, when they lull uliii'd hli territonci. The mlubitanti \tcrr. at this time, bufily employed in packing up filh in maia, fecuring the rocs of them in bladders, cutting whales into fliccs, and melting down blubber into oil, which they poured into leal-fkinj. All this mighty preparation was the provident fpirit of catering for the winter : and the incredible quan. titles of thefe various provilions which the liiiyhih faw collected, promifcd, at Icafl, that famine would not be an evil of the approaching feafon. 0:i thcfc Ihores the winter is the happy portion of the year, which is appropriated to luxury and cafe ; nor are they then ever aroufed into aillion, but to take fonic of thcfc enormous whales, which, at that feafon frequent their feas, in order to fcalt any of the neighbouring chiefs who nviy come to vifit them. Wicananllh received all the prcfcnts which the captain had lent, with cxprellions of extreme fatis- faction; particularly a copper ica-kettle which nas honoured with his peculiar attention: it was borne away by him with an air of triumph, to be placed among his ticafurcs; and with repeated declarations, that no conlideration whatever lliould again induce him to yield up fuch a valuable dejiolit. Twelve brafs hilted fwords were likcwifc among their pi-, fcnts, which were favoured with the moll gratclul admiration ; and a great variety of articles had Ixcn purpofcly iiiaiuifacturcd to liiit the fancy of the women, who vied with each other in their cordial attentions to the l'"n;;l!lli, A more brifk tragic «,is then carried on with the inhabitants than had hem hitherto cx[H:ricnctd ; a coulidcrablc quiiiiity v\ furs were obtained, and the boat re'.nr'icd Hcii freighted with the produce of the vovave, a:nl Ikt people pcrlcCtly fatisiicd with their reception lioia Wicananilh. On the I Sill the long-boat was again difpatciud to tic town, to take their farcwfll inclliipe, ard, which was of more conlccpiencc, their laicwili pre icjit to Wicananilh. The captain on this occ.aioa intended to prove the dilintercHedncfs of his tikiid. Ihip, by lelccting fuch a v.iriet) of articles as would fuit even the moll varying fancy of tins fickle jvo. pie. To thefe wcic alio :iddcd fcveral coats, pro- lufely trimmed with biiitons, and the head ot a lart-c copper llill. Iliis fuinptuous prefent was ordered to be made without receiving any thing in return. On the 19th in the evening 'the boat returncvl, having punctually executed the cai)tain'« oiders j and having brought a mell'age from the chief, that he jirop.ofcd U) vilit the iliip the next day; an.l therefore be(:,ged the captain 10 liefcr his departure for the purpofe of receiving him. On the zoth Wicananilh, attended by his brother, his two fons, three ot his wives, and a great nuiiitKr of people Iroin the town, who attended their chief, in order to gain aiiotlier opportunity of trading with the Englifb, accordingly paid the ca; .am a vilit; nofinalTquantityof funwerc, at this time, procuicrt from them. The chief prcfented tluiii w ilh Icviul fea-ottcr fkins of the moft valuable kiiuii .WJ, though t^cre was every reafon to believe thai he intended c«i rival the Knglilh in generofity. In re. filling to receive an, rriiirn ( he couM not linn,! hiinlcU to fend back a couple of iiuilquets '>"'' ^ (|U»ntity of ammunition, which wck too ieiii[)tini; to Iv: rciilled b the delicacy of hm fentiments, v.ii ni'ght prove :..o ul ful in dctiending hinifelf agiiii'.l his powrrtui ncighbo-r, Tatootche, not to be ro- tcived w ti the niofl grateh. fiitiBlac'tion. Ilecn- (juircd, ill the moll afiettitrnKe maniKr, how m.ip> moons would pals away bt-i«it>e tHcir return j and folicitcd the captain, in the llrongctl tciitis, » picler his port and i^ Ixiur tii tvrry orhcr Odc of hiu fons, a >ouiig man of about nmetirn years of age, f-xpreHed a very carnell '♦elire to depart with the captain , but this otter he th.»i>,>,ht it ptn- dent to decline, from a iccolledion of the aniietjr he had fufftrrcd on Tiaana's account. Itin youth was the mof) pleating, in his figure AlKi •ppearaiice, of any pcriun that had been I'tcn on the Ameiicin tout. coaft. He not 01 fi^cious, but ev dilpolition. Wicananifli an every token of fin that the captain w On the 20th th J4th anived fafe Proceedings ef the Lofe jPi^ht of her Returns with a C 0/ Vengeance and People employ ed~ Felice at Noelka . fefarate again. AS foon as the < pleated their 14th of July they out of the Cove : I cloudy. On the 1 Kiy's in ind. The clolo ill with the Ca :o fithoins over a c On the 2 id they N. I'', abcut 1 6 lea| (licnilcives to the n being cliangcahle, tl parallel with the coa timi's at a qreat difta On the 31(1 they whcie they (aw finot clear, die long-boat plorc tlie bay and 1 Tiicy had from 10 to hottoni. Tiie Iphig( l"ii;{-h()at ^which wa an.! ran .'own Uiwau jh.lf they tjot ti^hi came along-lide, whe ^f^vy fca. She wa.i 1 iit, On the 3d of Atigi afternoon they perce N. W. by W. about ' fhe jidly-boit wa; to look abiiul the flu She iftnrncd about n thirty natives in a ], Iphijjrma anchored m itii.nis, over a fine but liiy, in honour of il (t^-oittr fkins, &c. wt <'n the 5th they pitty, who bioiigbt (.. ii-;withflj(ullng were 'MalmcM, At nine ( Jfiil piorjcded along 'fly anxious tit return tliniatc did not agree ''I'licli cloathiiig f,ii «'« icjiicly uhle to b« "n thr Vih they w lliiiilviiii! they law Lm M'lyh'i.it wa« frnt out widirlldiKl that tf,ry Hky were imw vifit "itMlandhig the (evrri "'If'^^d. 'i'lie captain gj '"'- Jtiii a jaek-cf, witf "lit he oiTered to ihew *"' iiii inhabltiinr. Ai "tcjptaiii piloted tho l«ln.ill:. About n ai ""loinii, (iver a ro«k y •No. ta. MEARES AND DOUGLAS'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 137 flie anchored in her old fituation. The captain not only found that his men were all well, but they had been remarkably diligent, the vcffel b-^inj; now in great forwardnefs. The mutineers were dill fervants to the natives. We (hall now return to the Iphigenia, whom we left at Snug Corner Bay, in order to bring her agaia in company with her confort. coaft> He not only appeared to be very qnick and fagacious, but even to poficrs an amiable and docile (jilpofition. Wicananifh and his people took their leave with every token of fincere regret, and repeated entreaties that the captain would loon return. On the 20th the Felice put to fea, and on the jijth arrived fafe at King George's Sound, where C H A P T E R VII. Proctedings of the Ipbigenia continued — She leaves Snug Corner Bay — Her flow Progrefs — hong-hoat fent out — jjofe fifht of her — Run do^vn towards her — Take her in — Mount St. Elias perceived — Jolly-bont fent out — Returns with a Canoe — A Viftl from the Natives — IJlands of Ice — Viftts repeated — An extraordimtry Injiance of Vengeance and Intrepidity — Several Skins purchcfed — Anchorage in Sea-Otter Harbour — Boats fent out— People' employed — Anchorage at Port Meares— Three Chiefs invited to Dinner — Pafs Rofe Point — Joins the Felice at Nootka Sound — Arrangements made— Repentance of the Mutineers— Taken again on board — Vejfels feparate again. AS foon as the crew of the Iphigenia had com- pleatcd their wooding, watering, &c. on the 14th ot July they weighed anchor, and turned nut i)f the Cove : the weather was now calm and cloudy. On the 18th they flood for the S. end of Kiy's 111 ind. The futcccding morning they were ciolo in with the Cipc wlieii they had from 10 to ;o (.ith'ims over a clayey bottom. ' On the 2 id they flood in for land, bearing N. N. l{. ibcut 1 6 leagues diilance, in order to fliew tlicfiilelvcs to the natives ; and thus, the weather being clungcahli-, the Iphigenia proceeded to run panilicl with the coaft, (omctimes near and at other timi's 11 a qreat cliltanre from land. On tlie 3!tl tiny nude Uil towards low land, whcic they law fmokt. As the weather was now dear, the luiig-boit was fcni out, in order tt) ex- plore tlie bty and nuke every necefl'ary enquiry. Tiity had fiom 10 to 1 5 fathom water, over a rocky Inittpni. Tlie Iphigenia having loll fight ol the liuir-boat ^which «;is driven out to fea) now wore ' jmi riti ('own inwards her. In about an liour and jh.lf they got light of her, and in an hour after came along-lide, when (he was (Irugglmg with a hcivy fea. She was now hoiflcd in, and they made fat. On the 2d of Auguft land was feen ; and in the afternoon they perceiveto, iu 17 Ifitbomt, over a raill| boiU|iu< .No. ta. " '*r- The next morning they were vifited by five canoes, of whom fome dreiTes and 40 fisa-otter Ikins were puichafcd. Thefe people were fuch arch dealers, that the captain was obliged to give them their own price. I'he following extraordinary account of female vengeance and intrepidity, is related by Captain Douglas. " One of the chiefs having unintentionally intcr- «' ruptcd a canoe, in whicli was a woman, from " coming dole to the drip, flie leized a paddle, and " ftruck him lb violently with it on the head, that " he was almoft difabled from employing a fimilar " inftrument to ward off the blows which followed. " In this manner they continued their cnntell, (he " in ftriking, and he in defending himfelf, for near " half an hour ; when Captain Douglas, in order to " piit an end to this Angular fray, fired a muliiuet " over their heads, with concomitant ligns of his " difpleafure, but without ctFtd : for the woman " now ftepped into the canoe of the man, who ap- " pcarcd to be in a (late of complete humiliation, " and pulling out a knife from fome part of her " diefs, Ihe ipoke for fome time, and then cut him •• acrofs the thigh. Though the blood guihed in " dreams from the wound, fhe was about to repeat: «' her violence, when Capt. Douglas interfered in " fuch a manner as to oblige this vengeful dame to «' return to her own boat, and give the bleeding " objecl of her vengeance an opportuni.y to paddle " away to the fliore. During the whole of this " engagement, if it may delerve that n;ime, not " one of the men dared to interfere; nay It ap- " peared that they were in fuch an entire ilate of " iubmiflion to female controul, that they coidd " not difpofe of a Ikin till the women had granted " them the neccffary permiflioa." On the 8th they were vifited by eight c.inoes, of ' whom a large number of lea-otter Ikins were piir- chal'ed. They now weighed anchor and ni.ide fail, proceeding S. E. along the Ihore. They law a large bay in the afternoon ; but there being no fign of inhabitants, they tacked and flood out. They alio faw another the next day, which likewife proved defertcd : accordingly they made fail, and on the nth ran acrofs the mouth of a large bay, which forms two capes : the louthern one is high, and called Cape Adimfon 1 the other to the N. is low towards the fea, but gradually increafes to a grcac hei(i^ht : this is called v ape Barnett. Cape Adaml'on lies \n latitude 55 dcg. all min. N. in hmg. 836 deg. 21 min. v.. Cape Harnett in lat. 55 dcg. 39 min. N. in long. 126 deg. 4 min. E. They proceeded a great way up the bay, and entering the mouth of a flrait paflagc, (leered to (he N. (n Ihe evtftiing tfimcd, while his party (lill continued their chorus. The Iphigepia anchored' in 23 fathoms, over a bottom of Inells and fand. This bay was calleil Port Mcares. It has Hvo large arms or brandies of the fea : the one turns N. N. E. and the other about N. N. W. From tiiis to the i7tb a brifk trade was carried on: a quantity of fca-ottcr Ikiiis was purclufed. Thefe natives were exceedingly kind, and remark- ably honed. On the I 8th they were vifited by the natives of the northern branch of the lea, who approached the vefliel with a chorus like their neighbours. Of thelie about 60 excellent fl^ins, made into dreffes, were purchafed. On the 20th the captain invited three of the chiefs to dinner : they Icemcd highly plcafed with their entertainment, and communicated as much infor- mation as they were capable of. This afternoon they weighed and made (ail, proceeding to the S. E. At night the weather became thitrk, k) they hove- to, with the vcflel's head to the northward and weflward. Tlic next morning, the weather clearing up, they wore and made fail to the S. E. They now ran along the fliorc, with a frcfh breeze from the weft- ward, making for a bay which the natives had di- reAcd them to : they had from nine to 1 1 fathoms. The fog came on again vciy thick, and as they faw land from the mart head, trending due N. they were refolvcd to know if this land joined the main, or if there weieany paflage; accordingly they fet a prefs of fail, and flecrcU for the bluff high land, that bore N. At this time theie were no canoes to be feen. Towards evening it cleared up, fo that they had a pci led view of both fides. They pafled a fandy point, which was called Point Hole, and difcovercd that tlti land did not join the main, but fnrmcd a large illand, which took a foutherly direrlion. On the i^d, feeing no canoes, they flood to the .S. E. having land on Suth Udcv. The weather was now clclr. On r- . 25th they loll fight of land, and were now determined to fleer at once for Nootka Sound, the entrance of which they were clofe in with the preceding evening ; but it falling calm, and the tide getting out, they anchored with their bed bower in 23 fathoms. On the 27th they flood in for the found, and about 11 o'clock anchored in Fiiendly Cove, where they joined the Felice. ihis meeting was produdive of fo much hilarity, that by the command of the captains, it was made a holiday. At this time the crew of the Iphigenia were quite recovered from that diforder under which they laboured when they parted with the Felice : liaana was likewife in good health and fpirits. On this day it happened that Maquilla and Callicum returned viclors from their war-cxpetlition, which did not add a little to the general joy. As there were feveral balkets in their canoes which they would not open, it was apprehended (as it after- wards proved) to contain the heads of thofe enemif j who were flain : the number of which were about thirty : Maquilla alfo loft fome of his men. Tlie mulqucts which the En';'ifh had lent them, were now returned ; the ammunition ha.l '^een entirely expended, for they had firr d feveral times, by whidi means they gained the \ iclory. The artifiLcrs of the I|.liigenia were likewife cm. ployed, as well as tluifc of the Felice, in completing the new vefld. F.very hand was now bufy in for- warding this fchooiicr, and alfo in preparing the other two velfcls for fca, as it was intended as foun as the new vcflcl was launched, that the Kclicc ftiould proceed to China, and the lplii;:;eiiia with the fchooncr perform the reft of theii coinmertiil concerns. On the 7th of September Maquilla and Callicum vifittd Captains .Mearcs and Dmiqlas, and informed thein, that they with all their people fliould remove to their witter rcfidencc, which was about thirty miles diftant fiom the viffels. The difinal lituation of the mutineers began now to be confidered : thefe unhappy wretches carncfily implored forgivcnefs, and made many proniifcs of future fidelity. Notwithflanding the great danger there was in taking back thofe men, yet the cap. tains thought it too cruel to leave them behind. On conditions therefore of forfeiting the wages which were due for nine months ; and that their future pay (hould be proportioned to their good behaviour, they were admitted to their former fituation : they were however divided among the two crews, in order to lellen the power of commu- nication. The boatfwain who had likewife added theft to his ofl'cnce, was put under confinement in the houfc on Ihorc, this being deemed abfolutely neceffaiy. The chiefs, Maquilla and Callicum, now came ti> take their final leave. They were prcfeuted with a mufquct, fome ammunition, a few blankets, wi other tokens of reward. On the 17th a fail was feen in the ofling: as it was fuppofed to be the Princefs Royal, the long- boat was difpatched to her aflilfonce. llowwer, inftead of the Princefs, it proved to be a floop named the Wafliington, from Uofton in New Eng. land, of about 100 tons burthen, whicli they con- veyed into the found. A little time after tliis the boatfwain broke loofc from his confinement, liaving flolen feveral articles, with which he efcaped into the woods. It was afterwards underftood, that the mafter of the Wafli- ington fupported him in his concealment, and when an opportunity arrived, received him on board bis ve/Tel, in which he did duty before the mart. On the loth the veflcl was complete, and ready to be launched : Maquilla, Callicum, and a nu'me. roui body of his people came from their winter re- fidciice to fee it. This vefTel was named the North Weft America, it being the firft that was ever built auJ LS; MEARES AND DOUGLAS'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD. 139 f land, and ;c for Nootki were clofc ia falling calm, red with their lie found, and y Cove, where much hilarity, 8, it was made f the Iphigenii let under which ith the Felice; nd fpirits. On and Callicum pedition, which joy. As there les which they led (as it after- of thofe enemies hich were about his men. Tlie cnt them, were 1.1 ^ecn entirely times, by which rerc likewife cm- :e, in completing low bufy in for- in preparing Uic intcndcJ as foua that the Kelicc ic Iphi^^cnia with thcii commercial lilla and Callicum ;iis, and intormcd pic fliould remove was about thirty tineers began now wretches carncftly many promilcs of ; the great danger men, yet the cip- lave them behind. Itciting the wigcs lis ; and that tlieir Lctl to their good to their former ivided among the power of coiiimu- [jad likewifc added ^er confinement ia [deemed abfolutely ium, now cirae to Ic prefeutcd wiih a ]fcw blankets, snd |) the oflinR : » it lit Royal, the loiig- llhnce. How«cr. Ived to be a Hiop lofton in New Eng- In, which they con- Itfwain broke loofc filen fevcral articles, lie woods. It wu Inafter of the Wiih- lealmcnt, and wliw J him on board Ins pre the maft. Lmpletc, and ready Icum, and a numc- lom their winter re- Is named the North t that was ever built m ,nd launched in this part of the globe. On the gun being fired, the vefTel flarted from the ways with uncommon velocity, and was nearly making her way out of the harbour, had not the boats towed her to her intended fuuation. It feems they had forgotten to place an anchor and cable on board to brinn her up, as is the general cuitom in launching a vcifel. Tiaana was on board the veffel when launched, and cxpreflcd the greateft alloniftiment and delight. All the natives were ftruck with wonder; nor were the Chinefe carpenters left afto- niflied, being totally unacquainted with this laft operation. A commander, cflicers and crew were appointed for the North Weft America, and Ihe received ftores from both the Felice and Iphigenia. On the 2 4tli the Felice was ready for fea, and the following orders were given to Captain Douglas by Captain Mcavcs. " On your return to Macao feal up your log- •' book, charts, plans, &c. &c. and forward them « toDauicl Bcale, Efliigenii, and North Weft America, having on this occalion come on board the Felice; and on the 24th, after three i hccrs from each veflel, the Felice put to lea, and an jther fepa- ration took place. I'ly CHAPTER VIII. DtKvtiire cf the Felice from the Sound — // Storm — An Alarm— Ccnfrquent U/ierfine/s— Spars and Booms Jaurichtd Ixtrl'ojrd— Ve(f:t eafed— -Proceed "ivith greater Facility— Arrive at he -yah.yah Biiy — Vtftted by Canoes — .^antity fcr Captain Doiifjai—Provijfion' laid in — Departure — The I/li.nd of Botol lobago Xima—'A Storm — Arrive ^ Chiua—Tranfaflicns of the Iphigenia and the Schooner^ during the Ahfence of the Felice'— They quit Nootka gr'niJ A Meeting het'.ceen Tiaana and bis Brother — Anchor in Karakahoca Hay — Vifit from the King and c, ten— Ihe North H'*erc not interrvptcd by a fingle perlon, as all the natives were tabooed on the occafion, and of couife confined to their houfcs. During this cxcurlion nothing was fceh worthy notice. It being extremely hot, they returned and dined with the King, on freHi fifl» and potatoes. The other chiefs fat at fomc dillancc during dinner, and nude their meal on roalled dogs, taro>roots and poiatucs ; as at this feafon of the year even the chitti aic forbidden to eat hogs and fowls, from the king ilown to the lowcft crcc. In the evening the kinjz and queen returned with Captain Douglas on luMid the Iphigenia, as they confidercd it the highcft honoiii to deep in his cot. On the 17th th( men were chiefly employed in kiihiij; and falting down the hogs ; but as the cop- [urs oil board for heating the water were very fmall, tiicy niade but flow progrefs in this necefl'ary occu- pjtion. On the 14th the fchooncr came under the ftcrn of the Iphigenia; when Capt. Funter gave the very (Jira(;aiablc intelligence that (he had parted her (al'it. After having moored her to the Iphigenia, Tiiana «as rcijuelU'd to go on fliore, and entreat the king to fend otf his divers, in order to recover the author ; and at eight o'clock he came off w ith ihcm. I'hc Ichooner having lain in jo fathom water, ami not havmg loll more than three or four fathoms uf cable, a very great depth muft have remained for the Djuvel to have expli'i it, in order to fuccced in the buliucfs about whu i '■y were to be employed. Thi following tcrcn\ony, l^wevcr, was to be per- toriacd before they entered upon their I'earch : when thi;r canoes were arrived at the place uhere tht aiuhiT lay, feveral lalabalhes with 'aro-nHJC were prduiicj by achieftolix men, w ho employed aboir Uil an hour at the rcpalt ; when one of the chic »lioai\uiiipani',d them ga-*" three loud yells, ami viiv(#V^ic(c of \\hitc cloti over his head : at this fignj! the lix men plunged intothc fca, and dilap- l no appearance of the fixth, who wa» con- fiiitrdas loli, wlK-n he was fccn near the lurlacc of ik(\utir, but finking down again i three of the diirrs, however, plurgcd inllantly after him, and or(Hi};ht him up, but in a fenfelefs ftaie, and with I Hain.suf blooti iH'uing from his mouth and noflrils. It v,,is fonie time bclbrc i c was fuflicicntly recovered I to ii.lbrm them that he had not only gs>c hold of the uHt, but had cleared it. This r. an, a'.:cnrdins; to lihuawnt of C'jptain Funter, of the N'-rth Weft I Aiiiirn.i, was beneath the water tht Tpacc jf fcvcn Uiiiuicsaiid an half. It appeared, hov.rvtr^that the hnchur uas in too great a depth of water to aBurd [My profptdt of its Leing recovered. Thcfe people |»crc;im()ly rewar>.icd lor their exertions. Captain Douglas having given orders to right I llic anchor, thought it prudent to move further in tiiuards the village of Kowrowa, and dropped an> Iclior in 20 fathom water, about a quarter of a mile I from the Ihore ; but, finding it to be bad ground, a |>*rp Wis run out, atid the Ihip h»uicd iiito 14 fa- ■'oiii water, «.-■•.,,.,.,. j^;... __ ...,. ,4,,,^ .. Mo. ja. ■ •■ • ' • " ". -' " ■ On the 15th the jolly-boat was fcnt to found, when, on its being difcovcred that the ground was by no means clear of the coral rock, on the Kow- rowa fide, they weighed anchor, and warped the fliip oppofitc Sandy Bay, on the Karakakooa fide, w here they dr6pped the bowt r anchor in 20 fathom water, with a bottom of grey land. As the king had given Tiaana a large traifl of land in Owhyhee, where he might live in a ftate of hr«i\our and f^oirity till the reigning diftradions anit jea- loufies of the government of Attoui had fiibiided, Tiaana was now rcfolvcd to remain in this ifland. On the 19th, as there was every appearance of a florm, the capuin was determined to get under way, and go in fearch of fome place, among the other iflands, where the veflcls might lie in fafety. In the morning, therefore, they unmoored the lliip ; bur, in heaving the fmall bower, they found the cable had parted. On the very inftant this difcovcry was made, the king and his chiefs lecretly quitted the fliipard paddled haftily to the ftiore. As the clinch was cut, to all appearance, by defign, there was lit- tle doubt on whom to fix the mifchief: Tiaana, therefore, was fent to inform the king of the cir- cumllancc, as well as the fufpicions connedcd with it i and that if the anchor was not found, his town fhould be blown about his ears. This threat had the delireil cfFecl, for in a fliort time Tiaana returned withaparty of divers, who, after a repetition of the ceremonies already defcribed, leaped into the water and difappeared. The longell period w hich any of them remained under water was four minutes, but no anchor was to be fcen. They were fent down a fecond time, with the fame fuccefs : at length the buoy-rope was hooked with a fmall grapnel, fo that the divers had now no excufe whatever as to the uncertainty where the anchor lay; accordingly two of them went down with a three and half inch rope, and bent it in :o fathoms as well as if they had beeii on fliore i fo that this important objed was fortu- nately recovered, the lofs of which would have been very dinrcfllng, as they had only one bower left, and an heavy flieet-anchor, but without any cable of fulficicnt ftrength to bring the latter to the bows. On the 20th, as they were heaving up the anchor, in order to get in ofling, an heavy fquall appearing to be brewing from the weftward, the king, accom- panied by Tiaana and feveral chiefs, came on board -, but the former, when he found that we fliot out from the bay, thought it time to depart, and accordingly Icftthcftii, attended by upwards of icxa canoes. Upon getting an ofling they hove-to, and the eathcr becoming clear, Tiaana trcafurcs were or- dered to lie landed. Tiaana, after entreating Capt. Douglas again ar»d again to bring his family from Attoui to Owhyh«c, took a moll affectionate leave of him and the whole crew, who had fo long been his conflant companions an friends, and who were equally concerned at this j irting. As Tiaana left •heftiip, accompanied by a numerous train of his iclations m their refpciltive canoes, (apt. Douglas ordered a laluteof ft\en guns, as a mark ot elleem to that refpeiilable chief, and immediately made fail to the N. W. The grcatefl indignity which can be offered to any of thefe natives, and which is otcafionally prac- tifeo by the great againft the inferior, is to llrikc or kick them. One day the king being on board the Iphigenia while Captain Douglas was fliaving, his majefty was rcquefted by his attendants to undergo the fame operation; but this not being agreeable to the king's difpofition, he took the rcquell in dud- geon, and thought proper to kick them all one after the other, not only without rcmorfe, but even with- out mercy. On the 31ft they made for Mowec, and fleering for the weft point of the ifland, came to anchor in the evening, in five fathoms and a half, over a bot- tom of fand and Qicllt. "No CHAP, m Ht ':i,H ':i t m .. i 11 ,h; .it m i^ i ; i lli'l > ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // <,^.^^5^* 1.0 I.I Litis |2.5 •^ lU 12.2 u liii I — i-!4 IM ^^ <^ * / Photographic Sciences Corporation •i. 4^ -«n\ ^f\\ a:^^l'IMAINSTIIilT tf/'l»*.iTIR,N.Y. MSM tl ! ' "<'^ 142 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. H CHAPTER IX. ?recee(i!n{rs of the tpbt^enia — Natives allempl to cut her Cable — Captain fcnth a Vrefent to the King— A 17,^/ from the Kiiig—Vrcjents — Another Vi/it— Anchors and CabUs flolcn — Rcjlored through Menaces — Joi)ied by tin North Wejl Jmerica^Employmeiits — I/land cf Alt otii fcen — Anchor in Wytnoa Day — Behaviour of the Kim and Natives—Captain informed of their dangerous Defignt — Confequent Threats — They run over to Wo(thoo~. IJJand — Arrival at Nootka Sound — Condufl of the Spanifl) Commander — Iphineni'ifeit.ed, &c. — Her Depattute —Proceeds to the Northward— Viftted by Natives — Anchorage — Various Accounts — A Confpiracy amont the Natives — Difiovered by the IVomen — Cox Channel pa£'ed — Trade carried on— Return to the Sandwich Ijlands-~ A Defgn formed aguinjl the Eiiglijh by the King, &c. ofOwhyhec — Their Efcape — Curfory Remarks— Proctd to China — Arrive off" Macao — C(i::ci!ificn. WHILE at anchor olT the Idand of Mowcc the natives attempted to cut the Iphigcnia's Cable, for which one of them was fevercly corrcLlcd, After having fpent fevcral days in btating about tor a good anchoring-place, ihey worked round the S. E. end of the Kland of Woahoo, and on the 30th in the evening were clofe in with a large bay. The next day, on account of a heavy fea, they were obliged to make fail, and \n\{\\ out from the land. Afterwards they tackci, and rtood in, for the pur- pol'c of finding good anchorage ; the jolly-boat was difpatched to found a dillant bay, and having given the lignal tor ani l.oraL'c, the l|)higenia ran in, and on the ill of January 1789 anchored in eleven fa- thoms. Tlie captain now fent a prefent to Tircrrcr, the king, and an invitation to fee him. The king paid the Iphigenia a vifit in the afternoon. He was faluted on his arrival with five guns, and another prefent given him. The hogs, &c. having been taboutd, his majefly now promife'd that the taboo lliOiild be takeii off, and that they ftiould be imme- diately fupi)Iied with what they wanted. On the 2d the king repeated his vifit, and brought a very handfome pr':fent of lujgs, filli, a turtle, taro-root, potatoes, ixc. he returned on fliore in the afternoon. Some (hort time after his departure Captam Douglas folio ed him in the jolly-boat. The king received him very kindly, and took him round the village to Ihew him every curiofity. On the ra|)tain's taking leave of ilv king he was pro- mifed another royal vilit the next day. Accordingly on the jd the king came again on board the Iphige- nia, and brought another turtle, fome hogs, &c. but notwithHandnig he behaved with the grcatell kind- nefs and good-nature, he connived, even in the midll of a violent gale of uiiul, to heave up, and get on fliore two anihors, with their cables. As this was a lofs of the utmoll confequcnce, and, (ituatcd as they were, would have prevented their future progrcfs, it became abfolutcly nv'elFary to be very feriaus in their eiuleavours to recover them, "I'he king did not attempt to hide the theft ; and the people whom Captain Houglas fent the next day to liim to demand the relloration of the archnrs and cables, faw them lyinj^ in his houfc ; indeed they ("ecm to have been thken with no other view than to compel Captain Douglas to leave Tome of his armourers at Woahoo, n» the contlition of their being reflored. However, the anchors, &c. were regained, on prrfenting the king wilfi. a piltol, a nuifqurt, and a fmall miantity of ammunition j ac- companied alii) with fome very neccllary menaces, that if he did not relive the articles he had taken, he uouM immediately burn his town, and deflroy the inhabitani t. 'J'hc North Weft America, not being able to keep up with the F|>higcnia, had bctn for fevcral days baitini; olf the W. point of the ifland till the loth, when (Tie joined her confort. I'roin this to the ijfh they were employed in l.iyinR in provilion^, alfo wooding, watering, &c. In the .llternoon the two vcHcIs got under way, and Hood out of the bay. " On the 26th they faw the Ifland of Attoui, hear- ing W, by N. half N. They had a ftrong current againft them, with a weflcrly wind during night. On the 29th they anchored in Wyjiioa Miy n twenty-three fathoms, over a muddy bottom. - Upon the appearance of the Iphigenia and North ^Weft America, Tihec, the king, and all the chici; had gone to a confulerablc diflance up in the coim^ try, dreading the eHeiits of Tiaana'-s anger, v,i„i they had been intiirmcd, was on board 0110 ti ;!;' veflcis, and had tabooed every thing on llion;; [ ,,; as it was underllood that the chieli wliofj vcngant- was fo n-.urh dreaded, had been left ar Ow'liyluv nieflengers were immediately fent alter Talieo, \\\\^l in confi'i;ucnce of this information, rctiinicii 1' about three days to \\')mou; aiul on his :irri\i; fevcral canoes were fent olt with hogs, potatuc,' and yarns, (or which a moll exorbitant price m •,' demanded. A couple of hatchets, or e:>'ht,v;I inches of bar iron, was expc^'Uvi even fir an horbt; of a middle (ize. This cxoibitaiit dirpofirioa arol'o principally from the fuggellioni of a boy, whole name was Samuel Hitchcock, who had iuMa\i.iy from Ciptaiii C'olnctt, and was become a great I'.i- vouritc with Tahco himlllf ; indeed, fo great w.u his inHuence with the king, th-tt one of the naiutj having llolen from him a fmall piece of cloth which he wore round his middle. Taheo ordered thecal- Crit to be purfued to the mountains, whithir h: ad fled, and when the wretched creature was takcn^ both his eyes were torn from their fockets, a pahoj was then driven through his heart, and his lidli llrippcd from the bones, as a bait for (harks. Notwithrtanding Taheo returned to Wyinoa, 'o ftill retained apprehenlions as to his falety ; nor would he accept of Captain Dougl.is's invitation to come on l>oard the Iphigenia j but feigned, as an cxcufc, that he had been ill ufed by the crew of 3 fliip fome time before. This iilarm, indeed, in i fliort time fubfidcd, and he paid his ocridnnil vifits to the fliip, and a friendly communication, at lead to all apjKarancc, took place between the Englilh and the inhabitants. However the captain now received fecre*^ iiifoiini. tion that the king, and Abinui his minider, \ific forming dangerous dc(igns againll him a.ul hispo. pic. He was particularly cautioned againll a pm- fonoiis root well known to the inhabitants of il:c Sandwich 1(1) nds, which, when ground to powder, might be eafily fcattcred about the fliip, or thro«a upon their cloaths, without being obfervril, aul whofc power is of iwh a deadly nature, that 'iiihc fmailelt quantity fliould be inhaled by the iii'iiih or nollrils, the con("ei|uencc is immediate ik.i:'. Captain I>»iigla», therefore, though hcdidnotvay much fiifjiei't any inurdcrous intention in 'l'nh<(<, ir the natives, thought it a prudent precaution, a: il events, to make known his intention, if anyattnii|!: was made to poifon^nny of theprovilions fold tol them, that not only his ifland, but every iiihabiiant therein (hould be (Icflroyed. 1 After they had laid in a qtian'ity of ho|M and rooti (but which were by no mcft'is e()iial totkit expe(,'tation«, being infuHiticnt lor their iinniPili«:e| necc(Iitic») DOUGLAS AND FU NTP neced.t.esj and had made proper repair! fails, cordage, &c. &c. they dc^rmined to toOneeheow. and as Nnmitahaw Wth fl relations, and four women, exprelled their accompany fiaana's wife and child to the captain took them all on board in the . tion that they would be of great brv"cc t procuring fuch provKions as he wanted f„ tV w!, :.h he now purpofed to make O.. the tSth of February the Iph,>enia anc Veil America got under way; but as th continued weilerly the captain thoughtTt t dent to run over to Woahoo. . As they bee" o fcanty .n provifions as to require an l"P('l). on the 2,(1 they bore a Jay fo? "v an; andiored in the fame place as before o„t^ 1 lie king now came on board, and fome paflnigers having in(brmed him of theiTric lor j>rov,(,ons at Attoui, he was difno/ld 'to i the cxorbuan, demands of the neighbouring and no incoiKulcrabie quantity of^wder fn lortlole were now become the favourite ar was demanded (or a (in.rlc ho.r "ot. i, and \Cho„ h h"'''-'" i^^^^^. A 'rm, other reafon but becai i hr'hS""^ ''"J '»ma to fix his fettlemcnt at O^h^K '^ ^"-'."1 '"«!> Vc n3"t n tiVr •"'?«'""»-nirion1 f'"'»i for the truth *-."'"" "We%re» and his a] iHcdt tie r •*''?"''' infbrmation, he ! DOUGLAS AND FUNTER^s VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 143 'i/^' A P T E R IX. ; r.hh^CaMam tcwU a Vrefent to the Kh{^—A Vip .Difafpointcd inmabng 2«'» fj;^~f ,&, i-^.-H<^^ Depamn of Mowcc lj)higcnia's ' corrcftcii. ting about 1 rounJ the an the 30th bay. The _ ihcy were m the land, for the pur- lly-boat was living given ran in, ami in eleven fa- ritccrce, the he king p^i»l n. He «as anJ another having bein hat the taboo llld be imnie- ri' and brought ill), a mrtle, n flmrc in the lis departure K jolly-hoat. md took hini Liriotity. On g he was pro- Accordingly d the Iphigc- hogs, &c. but grcatert kind- even in the heave up, and ir cables. As Vqucnce, and, ■evented their ctTary to be recover them. ihctt ! and the ic next day to ai'chnrs and . , indeed they her view than re fomc of his ition of their lors, &c. were ie,. a pillol, a irriunition ; ac- cflary menaces, H he had taken, n, and dcftroy ing able to keep nx fevcral day* ndtill the 10th, re employed in watering, &!-^- indcr way, anJ On the 26th they faw the Ifland of Attoui. hcar- in^W by N. half N. They had a ftrong current Sinft'thcm, with a weftcrly wind dur.ng night. %n the .gth they anchored m Wyiima Bay n tv"nty-thrce fathoms, over a muddy bottom. Uucm the appearance of the Iph.gen.a and North \Weft America. Tahco, the king, and all the chicl, T lonT to a confulerable diftance up m the eoun- „V d eaJin.:; the clVeds ot 'l.aana-s anger, v,!., heV had been informed, was on board one cl ,:: vdlHs and had tabooed every thing on Ihore . I.,: n, was underwood that the ch.el. whol. vengc.inu- wVs fo mvuh dreaded, had been left atO.hylKv, nKfl-e,""rs were i.mnediatelv leiu alter la hc^ «h„, S'':^o^:e"llrof'w.thho,s,poutoo, and an,s tor which a moll exorbitant price .,, . %,U A couplP »'» hatchets, or e!i;!ua;i S ftr^^wi exposed even Wan ho, b. mcncs 11 cxoib tint di([-of::io:t arclc Same waJ Samuel Hitchcock, ssho had .uMa«y from Cuptain Colnctt. and was beco.ne a great I,,- vou^itcwith Taheo himlclf; indeed, lo great .a, Jis lluence with the king, that one of the n,>uu havi « rtolcn fron> hi... a Imall piece o» cloth « huh JeSe round his middle. Taheo ordered he cu- ori^ to be purfued to the mountains, wh.th.r h: Kd Hed. am when the wretched creature was taken, u .u ki. , V. •< were torn from their lockets, a pahoj t:? then 'd;i:e" through his heart, and hi. Ildl, "''.^ " V .• _ .u_ K-,n..« a« .1 bait for lliarks. J ■s Gripped from the bones, as a ba.t for il.arks. llwithttanding 'lahco returned to Wynwa, ftiU rm Tiprehenfions us to his falcty ; no: wo .Id he ccept of Captain Douglas's .nv.tat.o,, to come on l>oar'd the Iphigen.a , but feigned, as :, cSc that he had been ill ufed by the crcjv .1 a r. f^^r time before. This alarm, indeed, in 1 St r:V£ded and he paid his oear.,ul V f. s toihe fl.ip. and a friendly communication at S m all appearance, took place between ih. Knclilb and the inhabitants. So ever the captain now received fecrr mforn-i- .-^n th.r tiic kinK. anil ^l''""' ^"' n'"""''^' ""' formin. dangerois'deligns again« him a,ul hi« p 0. pie Vwa^s particularly cautioned again U 1^1. hmotis root wc^l known to the mhab.ta.us „l U Samvichin.nds, which, when Rround .<> paw c, miXbeealily fcattered about tW (lup, or thro« '^ ,u.ir rmths without bcinc oblcrvctl, and "Cfe twer of Vu ' a deadly nature, th.t ilthc Tmln ati^.ty niould be iiL^^^^ oi no Irils, the confeeiucncc is .mmed.a e -Ic. CaptSn l^uglas. therefore, though he did nn|>;i much r.dpee't any murderous intention in lahv, < he nat K thoJght it a prudent preca.itu.ii, au Ja I ade to poifon any of theprov.hon f M Then" ?it not'^^.nly h\s idand. but every inhab...t.t therein Ihould be tlclkoyed. ,1 After they had laid in a qt.a.r.ty of H' , «.nrrrhiit which were by no mcaMs e.iual tot r^^il^l^nTlKnigmlulLicnt tor their n^;;- neceflities) and had made proper repairs in their fails, cordage. &c. &c. they determined to proceed to Onceheow ; and as Namitahaw, with fix of his relations, and four women. cxprei!"cd their wifhcs to accompany Tiaana's wife and child to Owhyhec, the captain took them all on board, in the expeda- tion that they would be of great fervicc to him in procuring fuch provilions as he wanted, in the ifland wlikh he now purpofed to make. Oil the 1 8th of February the Iphigenia and North Weft America got under way ; but as the wind continued wellerly the captain thought it mod pru- ilcnt to run over to Woahoo. As they became now lo fcanty in provilions as to require a necelFary fiipply, on the 21ft they bore away for Woahoo, ami anchored in the lame place as before on the 23d. Tiie king now came on board, and fomc of the paflengcrs having informed him of the price paid for provilions at Attoui, he was difjiofcd to imitate tlie exorbitant demands of the neighbouring ifland ; ar,d no inlonliderabic quantity of powder and Ihot. lor tluifc were now becoinc the favourite articles, was ilemanded for a lingle hog ; fo that 'cry pe- remptory meiliods were obliged to be em;i' yed in tinier to procure tiie neceilary fupplics. Indeed it was found .that manaces had always the delircd elicct. On the 14th, having a favourable wind, the captain took this opportunity of making Owhyhec. where he hoped noc only to meet with a greater quantity ol'piovilionf, but alio more reafonable prices. On the 2d ot March, when they were about two Icaj^Hcs Irom Ihore, they were vilited by Tiaana, who came on boaid from a part of the ifland called Toi'C-Uve ; when he had embraced his wife and child, he conducted the lliip into a bay called by the nativck Tiroway, where they anchored in lixtccn fathom of water, over a line fand. In the evening, by the provident rare of Tiaana, they received a conliele.able quantity of relrelliments. Oil the 3d the jolly-boat was lent to found the luv, when good ground was found all acrofs ic, liuiii louuctn to twenty-two fathoms of water, over a line blown fand. The king having been on a lilh- \\\^ I ,my did not .irrivc till tour in the afternoon ; i.e v>,,s accompanied by his queen and daughter, in liiutilpatcli boats, having quitted his heavy canoi^ ami autiidants. He appeared to be oveijoycii at i!,tir retiun, exptelled his hopes that Tiaana had p.iidlhoiii all proper attention in his abfence, and ali'uiid limn that his power in the ifland, and all hchinileU politlkd in it, was At their Command. hiltiii, the quaniity of provilion with which he caulul them to be lurnilhed, and his anxious en- deavours 10 forwarei the wilhes of Captain IXx.glas in cury thing, |) the fire-arms, and im- mediately ordered the carpenter on fliorc. to form a ftagc oil one of the largell double canoes, to re- ceive the fwivel : which being linilhed, the next day was brought along-fide the Iphigenia, when the gun was mounted ; but it was with great difii- cu'I.y that the king could prevail on his people to keep their paddl(?S m their hands while he difchargcd the piece. On the 6th early in themorninnigl8«, who fired « pillol over his head, and threatened him with a fccond difcharge if he proceeded another ftep. As it was very evident that fcveral of the ftiip's crew were difpoltd to fupport him, he was ordered either to deliver himfelf un to puniihment, or inflantly to leave the (hip 1 which he did without the ieaft hcliution, 1:' 144 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. i!Bnu]' hefication, and tranquillity was immediately rc- liored. Their watering being now completed, they got under way for Oneehcow, in order to obtain a fup- ply of yaiiis. But as they could not make Yam Bay, on account of contrary winds, they were forced to bear up for the other bay j and on the 15th they anchored in 13 fathoms of water. Captain Douglas being now informed of a defign agitated by fevcral of the Teamen to go off with the jolly-boat, gave orders to the officers to kcepaftriA watch t neverthclcfs, during the night, the quarter- mader and two of the failors had got on uiore in fome of the canoes that were along- lidc. They had formed a plan to get off with the boat/and at the fame time to fet fire to the fhip ; but being prevented in their diabolical enterpri'e, they had talkcn an op- portu>iity to efcape to the ifland : two of them, how- ever, by the a«ilivc zeal of honeft Friday, the before mentioned native of Onecheow, were (hortly brought back to the Ihip; but the quarter-maftcr, w!">o was the ringleader in the mifchief, could not be brought oft" on account of the furf, and was therefore left behind : for fuch was the fituation of both vefleli, being in want of many ncccflary articles (the North Weft America having alfo loft her anchor) that though, according to Captain Mcarcs's inftructions, Capt. Douglas was to have proceeded to the north- ward, he was under the necelfity of proceeding im- mediately to the coaft of America, where he had every rcafon to hope he fliould meet with a fliip from China. They had now procured a fu fficiency of yams for a month ; accordingly, on the 1 8th, the vcirds pro- ceeded together to the N. W. from N. N. E, On the 19th land was fccn, which bore the form of a paddle: it was high at each end, and low in the middle. It is barren on N. F.. and W. fides : on the S. it is covered with verdure ; and nt it only fecmed acccflible to birds, was therefore called Bird illand. As the compafTcs flew about each way four or five points m a moment, it was ini|>i>Hiblc to ftcer the vclFel lor three days together. During this voyage they Wire likewife upon ftiort iilluwancc. On the 20th of April the Iphigenia ftood in for the Sound. 1 he next day one Aching, a fcanun, died, in confequcncc of a fall. On the a^th a fail was fccn in the ofting. Captain Douglas fi-nt out his long-boat, and found her Co be the North Weft America. She anchored about noon in the cove. The next day her fails were unbent, and all hands employed to ftop her leaks. On the 36th ftie was re-firtid out for trade, and difpatched to the northward on the 29th, for the pur|Hife of procuring commodities, and exploring the archipelago of St. La/arus. On the 6th of May a Spunifli fliip of war called the PrMKclTa, commundcd bv Don Stephen Jofeph Martinez, mounting 36 guns, anchored in Nootka Sound ; and on the 1 jth the ua^i joined by aSpaniflt flow of 16 guns, called the St. C^trlos, loaded with cannon, inc. Capt. Douglas had been mvitcd on hoard the Princelia, and brought the conunodorc a prcfcnt. Thcfe gentlemen, witli Capium Kendrick, V ho arrived from Moweena, tonka walk afterdinncr. After this the fame party dined with Captain Ken- driik. Sec. The captain, his oflicers, the Spaniftt cumniodore, &c. dined alio with Capt. Douglas. Capt. Arrow, who commandcil the Spaniia fnow St. Carlos, rcqucfted Captain Douglas's company to dinner on the day of his arrival ; but the captain, being indif^fed, declined the invitation : he was, however, vihfed by the conmwdore, Capuins Ken- drick and Arrow, ^c. in the evening. On the t4th the Spanifti commodore fent for Captain Douglas and Mr. Viana on board the Frin- cefla. As (bon ns the captain was on board, he took nut a paper, and told him, that it was the King of Spain's ordcn to take all the vclFels he met with on a the coaft of America, and that he was now his pri foner. The captain urged the diftrefs they were 1.1 before they reached the harbour; the veflll without cables; no pitch nor tar on board, to ftop her leaks- no bread on board, nor any thing to live on but fait pork ; that if he had fteercd for aiiy port in South America, the Spaniards would not have feizcd his veflel, but fupplicd him with the neceflaries he uas ill want of, agreeable to the laws of nations ; to take him a prifoner in a foreign port, that the King of Spain had never laid claim to, was a piece of in, juftice that no nation had ever attempted belbrci but that, fooncr than be detained as a prifoner, (;iU though the velfel had like to have foundered bdorc they got into the harbour) If he would give hun permifllon, he would inftantly leave the port. This was denied. Forty or fifty men, with fome ollictrs went on board, hoifted the Spanifti colours, and took pofleftion of the Iphigcnia. The keys of the cap. tain's cheft were demanded ; his charts, journals", papers, and in (hort every thing that was in the vcdcj they took poflTeirion of: he was not fo much as a|. lowed to go on board. He was told that his pa^)^:rs were bad j that they mentioned he was to take all Englifti, Ruflian and Spanilh veflcis that were of inferior force to the Iphigcnia, and fend or carry their crews to Macao, there to be tried for their lives as pirates. The captain told him they had not interpreted the papers right; that though he did not underftand Portuguefe, he had feen a copy of them in Engliih at Macao, which mentioned, if he was attacked by any of thofc three nations, to dc fend himfcif, and if he had the fuperiority to fend the captain and crew to Macao, to anfwer lor the infult they ortcred. The padries and the clerk read the papers over, and (aid they had interpreted the papers right. On the 1 5th Captain Kendrick came down from Moweena: Captain Douglas having been informed that Capt. Kendrick was privy to his being taken priloner, and that it was fettled when the Spani.h commodore was laft at Moweena, when he came on board the Iphigcnia he refufed to fee him. Ihu being reported to the Spanifti comimxlore, he «« ordered, at ten o'clock at night, (although urv unwell) to turn out, and carry his bed on board the Spanilh fnow, it both raming and blowinj^ at the time. Here he remained for fome time, wiih. out any body to fpcak to: hit fcrvant, who was a Manilla-man, and fpoke the language very well un not permitted to come near him, tor fear of his dil". covering fome of their proceedings that was carry. ing on. In ftiort, they ftolc a number of thinp, and afterwards laid the blame on hit fervant. ))u people were divided bciwtea the two vcfl.ls, and every nicthod made ufc of to entice them to oiiter. The fails were bent, and fome new running rigt^im' wove. A captain was appointed, and ollictrs, to carry hiin to St. Blot. Hit ofticers were to I c dc- taincd, and one half of hit people on board the two Spanifti Ihips, and he was requeftcd to chuofc the quictcrt ot his men to go along with him. A liil of them he was defircd to give to the commodore, at they were to fail in a few days. This he would not comply with, but told him he might fend hon«: if he thought proper , that the Iphigcnia was not lit to go to fea till liio was caulkc dij Mr. Ingraham. chief officer of the Columbia. They requefted them to have boatt ready to go oil to Captaint Mearct and Funter, and acquaint them not to come into Nootka. They inftantly llniinl iliar DOUGLAS Ai thiir village about four m that Captcin Douglas wa Captains Mcarcsand l-untci nf his being captured. On the Iphigmia, the fcrvant, natives for Ionic (iili they .Spaniards, no: uncicrftaiidin him (Ml hoard the comniod< into liic flocks, where he and threatened fcvcrely, if ho h:ui rtiiucfted the nativ CV.ptaiiis Mearcs and Inmtci ka. When they found he I thiiij;; about the other vclll-ls it the natives had not told h in tlic olFing : he anfvvcTrd after thi.s fit at liberty, but vcifewith the Imiian.s, nor f[ Dptaiii Douj>las aftcrwaids Cai'tain Kendrick ; he dcniv. hciii<: taken; that the Spanift tiontil U> him he would take as loon as he arrived in thi (aid every thing, and made 1 prevent the bulinefs. On the 22(1 the irons ar Mhuh were made by Captaii. They wen.- now to proceed in.\ Captain Douglas was on (hoofe one half of his iiitn, as reni.iin with his oiliccrs. I'inr woiiKI enter, or dcfcrt him, hi pixllrtnrc to any. Iktorc tlic his own private papers might I v.ilea co()y of his lliip papers, (ni. The interpreter, when Mhich mentions his deteiuling .T'aikcd, and, if he had the fiii jL'greliiirs to Macao to he tried tKMied to the commodore, in h thought the [)apers very good. hiin, if that was the only caufi :if;aiiiH him, it would not'bedii; hiin in any court of juftice in F.u pit every thing out of her that I ind wh.it things he had klongin Iv.l hini of III as gentle a manner li httinj; liiin know he iiiuft h ti s liOMiit, lUuT, charts, ^;i-. i\;c M ntiirn tiie veft'el. and fuppi j;.,\:iiiins to carry him to tht ii he would lign a paper that wi and piilenteil him. Thishercfu I ii he had witneftis, and knew IM|HT. Mr. II..W, lupcicaigoof n\;ue(leil to write a litter to (»ip Vlf, Ijyiahain, ta come down »r « iiidiis to tl:.- papeis he was to On uv i.|th they arrived; the rr>t(dio(a-!t, Douglas, which fill nioiliiie arrived on luch a d,i in il,e hav of ,St. Lawrence, NiM)t e'llluis ai;d in wanr of every tl noilloppcii his na\i)^ation, but : evrrv neulHiry he was in want c the ,S.uui with Iftands. This pap fifiiled lignin;.. for two rcnfons ; not only Itdoped him in his na tul^eit pcflefiioii of the IJiip, ami bit'ii),(d to her ; another was, tli l«y no claim ton port they had ihirhad a.iy of the King of' Spair !"i'il. 1 l;e ( (Miimoilore laid, in ».i>ieioiul olliceron Ixwr.l a kinp [indilcovcrv. iluit faw the port. « i^' "I ."^t. {.iuvience. Captain H |">iitK 'he (hart of that voyiifre b •we 10 dilllr in opinion from' hir '•' "(.• to li^;n the papers, the coim lie .'oiihl liccp the velici, and fci ' No. ij. \GES AND TRAVELS. DOUGLAS AND FUNTER's VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 145 laft of America, and that he was now his pri The captain urged the dilUcfs they were 1,1 : they reached the harbour ; the veffcl without ,1 no pitch nor tar on board, to flop her Icaksj :ad on board, nor any thing to live on but lai: j that if he had fteercd for any port in South ica, the Spaniards would not have feizcd his , but fupplicd him with the neceflarics he was nt of, agreeable to the laws of nations ; to take I prifoner in a foreign port, that the King of I had never laid claim to, was a piece ot in, e that no nation had ever attempted belbrc : hat, fooner than be detained as a prifoner, (ul. rh the velfel had liiweena : Captain Douglas having been informed t Capt. Kcndrick was privy to his being taken loner, and that it was fettled when the Spani.h nniodore was lall at Mowecna, when he came on -rd the Iphigcnia he refufed to fee him. fhu fng reported to the Spanilh commcxlorf, lie «ji Itred, at ten o'clock at night, ^ilthough \u» veil) to turn out, and carry his bed on boaij Spanilh fnow, it both raining and blowing at time. Here he rentaincd for fomc time, wiih- any boily to fpeak to: his fcrvant, who was a |nilla-man, and Ipoke the language very «ell un permitted to come near him, tor fear ot his dif- cring fomc »f their proceedings that was carry. on. In flvort, they ftolc a number of things, , afterwards laid the blame on hii fervant. His iple were divided between the two vcflils, and :y method made ufc of to entice them to enter. fails were bent, and fomc new running rigging c. A captain was «p|X)inted, and olliecrs, in y him to St. BI iliJ 1 Ingraham. chief oHiccr of the Columbia, rhcvf Icfted them to have boats ready to go oil m lain* Mcares and t'untcr, and acquaint them [to come into Nwtka. They inlluntly ihM tliur their village about four miles to the northward, fb that Captain Douglas was in great hopes both Captains Mcarcs and l-unterwould have intelligence nf his being captured. One of his people oil board the Iphiamia, the fcrvant, was bargaining with ihc natives for fbme litli they had in their boat; the Spani.irJs, not tindcrlhmding what was faid, onKrcd him cii board the commodore's Ihip, and put him into the (locks, where lie w.is Ifridiy examined, and thicatCHcd fcvcrely, if he did not tell whether he h:ui reijueftcd the natives to go and laution CV.ptains Meares and Ininter not to conic intoNoot- ka. \Vhcn they found he had not mentioned any thiiv^ alioiit the other veU'els, they wanted to know if the natives had not told him tliey had fccn a vcllcl in the olFing : he anfwered they had not. He was after this lit at liberty, but ordered never to con- vcrfewiih the Indians, nor fpeak to them in future. Ciptaiii Doiifilas aftcrwaids had a conference with C.ii't.iin Kendrick; he denied being acecliaiy to his heiii}! taken; that the .Spanifli cominoilorc had men- tiontcl to liim he would take Capt. Meares prifoner as i'ooii as he arrived in the harbour; that he had faid every thing, and made ufc of all his intcnll to prevent the bulincfs. On the 22(1 the irons arrived from Moweena, whieh were made by Captain Kcndrick's armourer. Thev wen.- now to proceed iiiflantly to St. Il'as, and Captain Douglas was once" more reijiiedeit to choofe one half of his men, as th'.- other half was to rcni.iin w itli his olVicers. I'inding mn oi-.c of them v\ou!d enter, or dcfert him, he decliiiid guing the pickrenre to an/. Before they filled, he rcijirelleil his own private papers might be delivercil up, like- v.ircaco()y of his lliip papers, which was prdnifed hill. The interpreter, when he cnmc to that p.irt which mentions liis defending hiinHlf in cafe he vas nr'aekcd, and, if he had the fuperiority, to carry iho nL'picHors to Macao to lie triei! for the infnlt, miii- tioiied to the commodore, in his prcfcnce, that lie thmii;ht the papers very good. Ca()t. Doui'Jas told hiin, if that was the only caufc he had to alle.1}»p .ij»aiiiil him, it would not hedillicult tor him to c.ill ii;miiiaiiv court ofjuflice in F.uropc. He hiui now pit every tiling out of her that he tof)k a liking to; jnd «h,it things he had belonginj; to liiiiilllt he roh- Ivil liini of III as gentle a manner as he poliitij/ could, h\ letting liim know he mull have his ;;(iUI watch, hisftci.iiit, (Uu'c, charts, &;c. ^:c. He lunv propoi'rel I.) return the vcU'el, and fupply the captain w ith );,,\:iiiins to carry him to the Sandwich Iflaniis, ii lie would llgn a paper that was alieady preparcil ami piilented him. This he rcliifcil to comply with, t;ll lie had witnellci, and knew the contents of the pUHr, Mr. I liiw', (upercaigo of the Columbia, was riVjiiede.l to write a letter to C-iptain Kcndrick and Vlr, l:\M,iliam, t(\ come down from Moweena to be » imliif to tI^■ papeis he was to iign. On il r J^th they arrived ; the pa[)crs were intcr- praeil loCaj't. Douglas, which mentioned that the fin mriioic arrived on luch a day, and found him in il.e ha> eil St, Lawrence, NiMitka i that he w as in ilillui'i, ai.il in want of every thing; that he had not lloi>pcii his na\i|^ation, but fupplicd him with tvrrv nfieliliry he was in want of to carry him to iheSuuluidi lllanils. This paper Capt. Douglas ritiilul lignin;,';, lor two renfons ; one was, he hati nut onl>' llop|)ed him in his navigation, but had uUii f.cfleltion of the Ihip, and every thing that iuienj.eel to lur; another was, the Spaniarels could l«y no claim to a port they had never before fccn, iiiirhad a.iy of the King of Spain's vtlfcla ever en- Med. Ji.e lommoilorc faid, in the year 177.^ he \i.isieionil odicei on Ixxird a king's Ifigate that was undileovcry, that law the p)rt, and named it the luyof .^t. Liwicnce. Captain Douglas told him, hiving (he chart of that voyngc by him, he begged Inse 10 ilill'er in opinion from him. If he did not it ufc to li^n the papers, the commotiorc then faid, I k .loiiKl keep the vclici, and fend her along the coalt as a privateer, to trade with the natives. The papers were inftantly laid afidc, and Capt, Kendrick went up to Moweena. The fame evening the com- nodore told him his orders were to take Captain Kendrick, if he fliould fall in with him any where in thofc fens ; and mentioned it as a great fecrer, that he would take both him and the (loop Wafli- ington, as (bon as (he arrived in port. On the 24th, and fucceeding day, there was a violent (lorm ; the commodore requcfled Captain Douglas would go on board the Iphigcnia w ith his odicers and people, and lecurc her : having nothing on board tofecurc her with, he declined having any- thing to do with her ; the commoilorc was therefore under the neccffKy of fending two eight-inch haw- fers, and making her fall to Hog Kland, As he was not pcrmittcei to go on Ihorc, he did not know much of what was carrying forward there ; they were bufy in treif ing (brts on 1 log Kland, and, by what he learned, they were cutting doven large trees to build houfes. The commodore acquainted him, that lali year, when he was at Oonalaflika, Mr. 11^ mylolf told him, lie expccfed ihice vefTcls from Kamtfchatka, with a number of men ; that on their arrival at Oonalaflika, he was to take the command, and coiuluct them to Nootka Sound, where tlicy were to ibrm a lettleinenr ; that he cxpcded to ar- rive at Nootka by the middle of July, or ift of Aug. 1789; that two Ruilian Irig.itcs were to fail from IVterlliurgh by the way of Cape Horn, and join ihcm in Nootka Sound, with (lores and other neccf- faries that they might want. On hii arrival at St. Bias lad year, he fent an e.xprcfs to the viceroy, who or- detcel liim to fail immceiiately (or Nootka, and erect forts to kct|) the KuHims out. Me likewilc ac- quainted him, that in the year 17H6 two Knglifh vellels were call away, one waa ilrove alliorc at her anchnison the illaiul Maidcnoi Oflioff; that all the hands iienflicd, except ilnce men that happened to he on rtioie: they were lent overl.iiul to Peterlburgh. Thcollicers of the other velVel heine; on fliore, they put to lea, anil as there was no peifon on board that could navigaic the vclM, (he was never afterwards fccn or heard of. As they now had got polleliion of Capt. Douglas's charts and journah, theSpaiiilh com* nioi'orc intended to fend the St. Carlos, Capt. Arrow, to the northward, as foon as they could get her bot- tom cleaned and her lides caulkeel. Capt. Kcndrick was likewilc ready for lea, and he was goii'g to pulh to the northward. Captain Douglas's people were after hiin every hour in the day, requclling that he wouKI tign the papers, that they might get on board rhcir own vcHel. Although the commodore had promifed to fupply him w ith what he thought woukl be necellliry to carry him to the Sandwich Illands, and made this promifc before Mr. I low and Mr. Ingraham, Hill there was no dcpendancc to be put on his word ; however, on the 26th this paper was once more produced, and Capt. Douglas was under the neceility of ligning it. On the 26ih Capt. Douglas carried his people on board, and took poUellion of the Iphigenia: he was not above half an hour on board, whe>n a mciragc ( amc that he was wanted on board the Princclla. When he went on board, he was told by Don Jolepli Stephen Martinez (in the prefence of Mr. Ingraham) that, although he had given him b.^ck the Iphigenia, he would not permit him to fail till the arrival of the fchooner North Wed .America, and that he muft fell her to him for the price that Capt. Kcndrick and his orticers ftioiild let on her. The c.qnain told hiin the fchconcr did not belong to him ; that he had no power to fell her, and that he migh, at't as he thought proper on the o>( America. The entrance of it is about hall a mile liom (hore to ihorc j otf which an ifland is titu ired of about a mile in circumfer- ence, fo tllat a vellijl may lay there (ecure from all winds. At the bottom of the Cove, which is about two iiiilf'j from tlie entiain e, tlurc is a very line beach ^^. .dfoa fmall ifl.ind in the middle g^ whii>l) liw liJg tio»'j. It was called vt. (0» Haines's Cove. In latitude 54 deg. 57 min. N. and in long. 228 deg. 3 min. E. From this to the 17th they were employed in purchafing furs, fifli, oil, &c. and making fonie nccclTary repairs to the (liip and rigging. On the 17th an altercation having taken place between the chiefs of the two villages, on different fides of the cove, they made preparations for war; but the bloody conlliiil feemed to have been pre. vented by the women, who having quarrelled amonir thcmfelves Ibr near an hour, reconciled thereby tli° hoftilc parties. One of thcfe chiefs w ith his attend, ing canoes, paddled round the Iphigenia, and falutcd the captain with a pleafing fong: this was undcr- (lood as a compliment to the captain for not having meddled in the bulinefs. The other party hadencil to Ihore, and were congratulated by the women and children, who tcllified no fmall triumph on the oc- calion. On the 19th they weighed anchor, and made fail out of the cove, 'liie weather was now cloudy, but moderate : the wind from the S. W. At noon there was an appearance of an inlet, which bore .S. S. \V. and they Hood acrofs a deep bay : their foundings "crc irregular. They called this M'lnt; e's U.iv, in latitude 53 deg. j8 min. N. in longitude 2:S deg. 6 min. E. On the 20th the long-boat was difpatched to the held of the bay, to explore the place, 'i'he olliecr on his return reported, thut toward the head of the bay a bar run acrofs, on which the long-boat got a-ground, but that there appeared a large found within it. They were vi fired by fcvcral canoes, of whom they purchali-'d a llock of furs. The weather now becanic thick and hazy. 'i'he long-boat was Oifpatched again in the after, noon well armed and manned, in order to feck an anchorage, and examine the place. After this, the captain |>erceiviiig about a dozen caiuK-s, which were followed by fcvcral others, he made fail alter the long-boat, which by this time had given a fig. nal for anchorage. They anchored in 25 fathoms, about two miles dillaiu from fiiore, and the fame from a (hull barren ifiand, which was the retidcnce of Blackow Coneehaw, a chief whom Captain Douglas had feen in his Iaft voyage, and who no v came with his attendants, and welcomed his arrival with a grand chorus of two huiidrctl voices: thij done, he exchanged names with the cajjtain, which is a great compliment among thele chiefs. This ni";ht they were vilited by two canoes, thcfc dropped down with the tide, ai it was imagined, and lay on their paiidlcs, with hopes of finding the Englilh adecp: finding thcmfelves, however, dif. covered, and being threatened with dcftnidion if they did not keep off, they made for iliore with great precipitation. On the a 1 11 they flood up the inlet, and anchored in I S fathoms : this was called Cox's Channel. The long-boat was difpatched to found: there were no foundings with 80 fathoms of line, but about the rocks there were from ao to 30 fathoms. Several female natives having been invited on board, they informed the captain this night, tint there was a dcfign foimed againft him by the fame party whom they drove away the preceding night, and whofc number was very confiderablc, to furprifc them as foon as the lights were cxtinguiflicd, and make an attempt upon the veflel : it was likcu'ife their intention to cut otf all their heads. The ca|>- tain accordingly gave private dircdions to the gun. ner, who, when the lights were put out, perceived a canoe coming out from among the rocks, upon which he gave the alarm, by firing a gun, which was accompanied by feveral mufquets, which obiigcii the canoe to make haftily for Ihorc. On the aid ihoy were vifited by the old chief niackow Coneehaw, who was peculiarly oinamentcJ on (he Qccaljon, having four (kia% of the cnninc i ' ' hanginjl hanging from Caprain I3ougL of lall night, u| his motive for I was for the (iikc that the tribe w the oppofitc (Ik women had app he moreover ac thcfe peo))le if This old chief, v conlajuence, be lire ro the capta On the 2jd th harbour, which Tartanec (idcj f about a cable's h From this to t chaling (kins, a departure. Thn bars and chain-j been taken away On the 26!h th fntli fupply of J next day he returi to unmoor : thcv rcl, while feveral by the rapidity of Several (kins were j.ickets, coats, tro balons, i\'c. i(;c. ,1 chaiii-platc «as nc hritileneCs, which in nianuliuhuinsj great cjuantiry of other necefiaiv artii The- villagoof T tiliil .tiij romantic fgns of frrmer ciili Ouir.erous. They now quittc. tu the Sandwich Iljj curred vu)rthy of rel liavin^' rea.hixl (ign was fornied 1 dtllroy the captain vitli.1. This villain b) the prudent and The treacherous ch tlieirevil purpofe fHfon the rmg-Ieai filves on board. S and one of them a fccrcily anntd, and intciuled ni.,(i;icre a. imp's cider brother fixed iijion todellioy •'■'ctlier to murder omof the chiefs, to "do w,is the princi I'J ' n particular iai ji'iu' nito the (en. in :lic:r canoes, till tl "i,;nal (or the attack '111' vein I had been nniains into the moi Mr (Iraiigeis might ifcnd hereafter, 'I'hij diabolical defi fcy fiaaiia, with tears t": could not prevent ['•'have any liiaie in I"' {^o lofely \,at(h «is with the gieatcft I '""I'V (or the didovei I he captain was foo, ■.'('cirlecrtflyconve IV id: however, he w 'i;n». nor at prefi'i.t I "''J'llrultjkiiOHinijtl '1 DOUGLAS AND FUNTER's VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 147 hanging from each ear, and one from his nofc. Captain Douglas reported to him the proceedings of iail night, upon which the chief alFurcd him, that his motive for living at prefcnt alohg-fidc the vclfcl, was for the fake of giving her uccafional alfillancc : that the tribe which offered this violence inhabited the oppofitc fliore, and it was by his command the women had apprifcd tiie captain of their intentions ; he moreover advifcd C.ipiain Douglas to HcHroy thcfe peoi)lc if they repeated their maicv-icnce. This old chief, who was one of great, dilliniilion and coiilaiuencc, behaved exceedingly friendly and po- lite to the captain. On the 2jd they ran acrofi the channel to a fmall harbour, which is called Beal's Harbour, on the Tartance lidc; here they -.inchorcd in 19 fathoms, about a cable's length from the lliore. From this to the 27th they were employed in pur- chaling Ikins, and making preparations for their departure. They were obliged to cut up the harcii- bars and chain-plates, as their flock of iron h:id been taken away by tiie Spanilh Commodore. On the :6th the chief • cnt on (horc to procure a fnili fupply of provilions for the captain. The next day he returned, and the capiam gave orders to unnionr : they now (leered through L'ox's C'han- rel, while Fevcral canoes kept them in tow : having by the rafxdiiy of the tide got out, they hove-to. Several Ikins were now purchafcd of the natives for jackets, coats, trowlers, kettles, pots, frying-pans, hjCoiis, \'c. ivic. as the iron which belonged to the chain-plate was now ohjectcd to, on account of its hrittk'ncfs, wh.ich rendered it to them of no utility in maiHif.i>huin;j: ir. Indeed, the captain loll a great ijiiantiry of furs, for the want of iron, and other iKceliaiy articles i\t trade. TIk- village of Tartance has an exceeding luau- tik/l aiui romantic appearance: thcie arc evident fgr.s of f(nmer cultivation. The tribe is alio very Buir.cmus. They now quitted Nuotka Sound, and proceeded to the Sandwich lllamls; during which, nothing oc- curred worthy of relation. Having rea heel Owhyhcc, a very dangerous dc- fign was formed by tic cl.iefs of this plice to diitroy the captain and his crew, and plunder the vtlicl. This villainous plan was happily prevented by the prudent and manly behaviour of the captain. The treacherous chiefs intended to have executed their evil purpofe on boaid the vellcl, for which rwfon the ring-leaders had now introduced them- filvcs on board. Si,mc hail daggers in their hand, jnJ (iiic of them a piUol ; in fliort, they were all fciTctly anntd, and each had fomc vile part in this intriiJcd ni.dlacre allotted to him to pcrlbrm. The Imp's elder brother and .^ropcc were the pcrfons lixeJ upon to dellroy the captain, the king's younger hre":ier to muidcr the boatfwain, and Pareeonow, one of the chiefs, to make away with Mr. Adamfon, vlr u.is the principal ol'iccr: the reft were to Hab fj a particular failor, and throw all that remained aliie into the lea. The natives were now to lie flill in thc:r ca'iocs, till the chiefs on board gave them ali,;a.il for the attack. It was alfo intended when the velfel had been pulled to pieces, to carry the nniams into the mountains, and conceal them, for fiir llrangers might be deterred from viliting the ifland hereafter. This diabolical defign was revealed to the captain byTiaana, with tears and lamentations, who, though In could not prevent their intentions, nobly rcfuled lu have any lliaie in the conlpiracy : however, he «as fo lolely wati hed by the confpirators, that it Vis with the gieatell dilhculty he Jound an oppoi- I lunity lt)r the diltovery. Hie captain was foon convinced of their treachery, their lecretly conveying av»ay the {piccn from ilie |u;icl: however, he wifely concealed his apprehcn- lioni, nor at prefent heirayed the leaft appearance ddillrultj kiiowiii{j that ifiic iravcan abrujJt alarm, his people might drive thefe difappointcd affafTina to defpair, and perhaps bring on the evil which he widied to avoid : he was therefore determined to adopt a more quiet method, which would be pio- du(^tive of lefs danger ; accordingly, under fomc pretences, he got the pilU.l from one of the chiefs, and the daggers one by one from the reft, and having thus completely armed himfclf by difarming his enemies, waited patiently the arrival of Tiaana, to conlUk with him how he (hould proceed. As foon as he arrived, the captain took him alniic into his cabin, and bolting the door, inlilled upon a full difcovcry of every thing. Tiaana, in the grcatcll: diftrefs, fell at his feet, and laid the whole blame upon the kint';, recommending at the fame time that the captain Ihould put him inllantly to death: upon this t.he capi.-.i.i jumped on board with a loaded piftol in each hand, and the chiefs finding them- ielves not only dcteclcd, but baffled in their inten- tions, inftantly hurried into their canoe, and left the veflcl with the gre:\te(l expedition. All intercourfe between the Englifli and natives would certainly have terminated now, was it not ablolutely necclFary to procure provilions for the remainder of their voyage. Accordingly, an humble apology was accepted of from the king, who threw all t!iL- blame upon his chicf:i, and an occalioiial communication renewed vvitii the natives, the Eng- lifli llill retaining their utmoH care and prudence. .\ quantity of hogs, fruit, &:c. were ne»w laid in. TliC king humbly requelled thi- captain's forgivc- iicfs before his departure; while Tiaana flill con- tinued to lament the treachery of his countrymen. Tiie captain readily fliook hands with all, in hopes that as atonement for the palt they might give their friendthif) ,iml protection to whatever Britilh vcliels may hereafter reach this illand. On the 28th they anchored in Wittce Bay, in the ifland of Woahoo. The rudder-chains v»erc cut up, in order to purchafe provilions of feveral canoes by whom they were now vilitcd. I'Vom this to the 4th of October nothing material occurred, when they anchored fafe in the roads of Macao. The Nortl]; Weft y\merica, during her voyage .imongft the* Charlotte Ifles, had procured about 215 excellent fca-otter (kins, and about the fame number of inferior ones ■.' ignorant of the tranfac- tions which had taken place between Capt. Douglas and the Spanilh commodore during her abl'ence, (lie returned to King George's Sound on the 9th of June, 1789: immediately on her appearance, Don JolVph Stephen Martinez fent out fevcial boats manned and equipped for war, and conveyed the North Weft America into the found, where they anchoreil her clofe to the Spanilh Ihips of war t they then took poflcflion of the fchooner, her cargo, &c. All the fea-ottcr (kins were taken out of her, and put on board the Princefs Royal, for their own ufc and advantage. Captain Fuiuer and his men were made prifoners, and removed to the Spani(h (hips of war, where they were confined. At lart they were permitted by Don Martinez to return to China, in the American (hip Columbia, where they arrived on the ad of November 1789. Such are tbt intere/Hng Voyages of Captains Means, Tifping, Douglas, &c. which me herein fully and frO' perly united, for the fatisfaClion of our numekous Readers. We are happy, or to ufe a more fignificant expreffion, i'koud to thit.k that the fruits of our labour, already exhibited, have acquired univkrsal approba- tion, '/o retain that Accuracy and Attention whic% have fojlrongly recommended our Colleflion luill be the greatejl mark of Gratitude which we can Jhew As we have, therefore, began, fo we mean to continue. Our Reader t Jhall next be prefented with a hvn tran/lation efSaug- nier andBriJon's voyages to the coafl of America; which we prefume will be found equally interejiing, enttrlain- Ing andcorreii as any of tht prtttdiiig narratives. NliW, (. :/ ill '■:vi'l?,r<'i :: <'l». p' It' ■ fi(l.!,ji.!l :^ ■I-, l',' n: m :.i. .. W 'li »'■ If; M :; NEW, COMPLETE, a\d GENUINE H I S T O R I E S o F Voyages to the COAST of AFRICA, Undertaken and Performed in 1783, 1781, 1785, and 1786, By Mefrs. SAUGNIER and B R J S S ON, IN THE DEUX AMIES, St. FRANCOIS de SALES, GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, FURET, St. CATHERINE, &r. ..«'. ' UNDER THE COMMAND OF ♦■" Captains CARSIN, SENEGAL, MARE, DUBUISON, LETURC, Sec. With Full and Circumftantial Accounts of their SHIPWRECK, Subfcqucrt V-.* ■ SI.AVERY, Various DISTRESSES, &c. Including forae Intcrefting Detaiis of the Manners of the ARABS of the DESERT - :; the EMPIRE of MOROCCO, &c. &c.. . .' Being an Entire New History of the Adventures and Hazards of SAUGNIER, c^c, with an Impartial Account of the SLAVE TRADE as carried on at SENEGAL and GAL AM, Fully and Accurately Tranflated from the French, by W. II. PORTLOCK, Elc, Which, with the feveralother VOYAGES and TRAVELS to be included in this Collection, will bcEmbellifhoJ with a Variety of Elegant COPPER-FLATES, Drawn upon the Spots, and Engraved by Eminent Aitiftj. INTRODUCTION. TH E hero of the Voyage of our firft book (Saujjnier) after completing rt)s ftudies, and having no turn for the ccclcfnlUcal profcf- fion, for which he was dcligned, rcfolved on icizin}r the tirll opportunity that otfercd to indulge hii ju- venile thirlt for fame. He received a tolerable edu- cation ; but from the narrowntfs of his circumilanccs it was a matter of doubt what line of life he thould purfue. His parents were then endeavouring to fettle one of his brothers, who bought a grocer's (lock in trade at a very rcafonabic rate. M. Saug- nicr (laid with him on condition of [uying his board, worked hard, and after a year's .ippi entice- fliij) he wat capable of earning wages at tirher Ihops ill Paris, and in this way he pafled fcven years of hit lite with dirtcrcnt grocers, iieconiing weary at laft of this dull life, and not being anxious to enter the church, he flill retained an ardent inclination of trying his tbrtunc in the colonics. Two of his countrymen having projedlcd a plan of fettling at Senegal, M. Saugnier was very d.lirous to join in their fchcme, but then he wanted money ; and as he well knew his parents would never indul;;c his romantic intentions, he pretended to them that he was about entering into treaty with a grocer's flock in trade. This having met their approba. tion, they advanced wlut m>incy was fuppofcd to be necrffary at firfl, and this was all, indeed, he could obtain. At Nantz the Marquis de Biccaria (of a Swifs family) fccond captain of the African battalion, was waiting for tiic Catherine, a vcfTel bclonf^ini"; to M. Aubry dc la lolfe, tiie head of a commercial houfc in Senegal. The ofliccr made a verbal aj^^rce- mcnt with M. Aubry, for M. Saugnier's and his companions paHugc, at joo livrca each. Accord. inply, when the veflel was ready, thev fct ofT; li- as foon as they arriveil at Nant/, M. Aubry w'mV-'. (landing that it was their intention to kttL .1: Senegal, became confequcntly alarmed at a com r- tition in the colony, which niii;ht be piv|iu!icia; •. the inien lii of his own houic ; he thirdorc ,\. niandcd 1000 livres for the palfarre of each, «ii!.; : cinn allowing them any b.igmj^t but their nu,,' M. Saugnier and his friends obje.'icd ;o thifc nm . peeled conditions, and were rel()Ivcd.to wait a mo .■ favourable opportunity. After delaying,' a ii,rtni,h: at N'a;uz, they heard that there were \c\]\U \.-:. qiicntly fitted out at Uourdeaux (or Stnrgul ; \il, .• they accordingly repaired, travelling on i.Kit'ic'v ,i their baggage. At Rochclle they put their ihin . on Ivjard a Hourdi-aux hoy, and prorcedtii on i! : journey. When they arrived at Uourd.aux, tlicv i' • >;aii to lie very uneafy about their cluthcs, \c-. 11 they had not the precaution to iiilure their ttifi;*; however in three weeks their baggage arri\al !,i!,, which artbrJcJ no little futistaOlioii, iis by this tlm: their tnonry was nearly expended, ami ih'cy had m a charge ot clothes. Count dc Rcpentigny, bri^^adicr of the Kin;'; armies, formerly colonel of the iej;iment, aiul aim- wards governor of the I'icnch polTefnons in Alrici, procured a fiidjf^e iiiimcdiai<|y for M. SaiiHiiia i two friends, on board the Mi onnoi'., while M. Saugnier was on the fioint oi' rcttiriiin;f home n dcfpair; however the Chevalier de I'refnel, a gcr- tlcman of Firardy, having ru rival orders to Kmm in I'lance, M. Sauj.-nier obtained his vacant p|Jic on biurd the D'lix Atniei, a veflM Dutch-built, ol aboiir joo tons burthen, and commanded by Ciifit. Car;in. .- -■•«-, -r ,:,-■ BOOK i?':F5 ifill. 41; rill J ,1. ffia l'l\ 'li n -1 I )■• w HtM/».ytf .VM'/f^f0 -V' ' "*4 " 'k. M. S .. .u- i,"«f M' M. Sauvnier emba nil Tmprudtnce — Account of t overfet—Long-l Captain attempt Mon—Suffirii MSaUgnier ei • the 19th (lays in the river, fiilfd in compan) evening loft ught florms on their n confequently obli| DOW intended to the wind abated t On the 7th of vnthcr were now ceiving no dangei the- liardUiips at tli larc ot his vcffel t( youth, while he re young man, intoxi ins a watch, let ti The veffel foon fell ii:;encf, and the ca he received, indai remedied the inifci mind. Every thing lli;l fine, the capc^ Ibme ioftruclions, j j^'jin. On the 14th th Match, faw land a which they were 1 They tooic the lofty there nre none at all (bit they were tliofe In confcqucnce o the crew began to n clired the veflel wa proved to be the call u'diick in the morn witch had been relic km the land. All the people in t jcdunt of the terri firiking on the fand (IiiiinguKhed ; horril fide, and the failors r iii^' ulut they were bcD-coop, and anotli fea broke entirehr ov sight, the fury of^the of the place where tin and death before thci rccoile^ioit , being £ niter at arft : about beat by (he breakers, incclTantly, flie made appeared more urgent that flie continued u] bcr in that pofition, boured to tighten the I nearer and nearer to tl The captain now pu tbcy might come to Ion ! cmbarrafled circumftac I ihcy were. Some affer I one of the Canary IQai of Africa. Being reco firil fright, their whole lilcft means of reachinj I it wai. No. 13. M. SAUGNIER's VOYAGES to the COAST of AFRICA. 149 BOOK I. H A P T E R JIf. Saugnier embarks en hard the Deux Atnles—Vielent Storms— Care of the Vcjfel fubmitled to the Lieutenant— » His fmpiudince— Captain alarmed — Evil remedied — A terrible Shock — Boatjwain's Agility — Mate's Intrepidity .^Account of the People where they are wrecked — Their Cruelty to the Mate — The Captain's Refolves — Barge ^^,^^fft-- Long-boat Icjl — Intrepidity of the Cooper— Captain becomes defperate — M. Bardon's Refolution—The Captain attempts his o-on Lfe — Barden drowned — Af. Saugnier, and others, fwlm to Shore — Behaviour of the Mors— Sufferings of M. Saugnien . - =r «; t... . . A . ' * . M Saugnier embarked on board the Deux Amies They we^e about a quarter of 1 league from it, • the 19th of December, 1 783 : they were ten nor could they dillinguifh any thing on the (hore, Saugnier embarked on board the Deux Atnles • the 19th of December, 1 783 : they were ten J '.7in the river, detained by contrary winds. They fiiled in company with the Bayonnoife, but towards evening loft fight of her. They met with violent ftorms on their reaching Cape Finifterre, and were confequently obliged to lay-to for five days. They now intended to put into the neareft port, but as the wind abated they proceeded again to fea. Oil the 7th of January, 1784, as the wind and weather were now very favourable, the captain per- ceiving no danger, and exceedingly fatigued with the liardlhips nt the preceding days, fubmitted the lire ot his veffel to his iieutenant, an inexperienced youth, while he retired to his cabin to repofe. This vuung man, intoxicated with the idea of command- iiij. a watch, let the helmfman fleer as he pleaUd. The velfel foon felt the ill confequence of this neg- ligence, and the captain, aroufed by a Ihock which h? received, inftantancoufly ran upon deck, and remedied the niifchief with wonderful prcfence of mind. Every thing being now fate, and the weather lUl fine, the captain, after giving his lieutenant loine inftructlons, fubmitted the vcffci to his caie jjiin. . . , ,. On the 14th the mate, taking the lieutenant s vitch, faw land about three leagues diftant, for which' they were running with the wind abaft. They took the lofty mountains for Mogadore, where there nre none at all : however, they foon difcovered thit ihey were thofc of Wei de Non. In coiiiequence of the lieutenant's imprudence, the crew began to murmur, and Icveral failurs de- clined the velTel was in imminent danger, which proved to be the cafe on the 1 7th ot January, at four o\WV. in the morning, jutt after the lieutenant's wjtch had been relieved, without any one's having (:en the land. . . . - All the people in the cabins hallenedon deck, on ICC d his waift, and throwing bim into" the fea, left the Moors fhould afcribe his wounds to them. This cruel refolv; was however over-ruled. The next muining at break of day, the mate a(remblf(i all hands w ficck> find they were nosr employed in making a raft, iatendt^g |o, Wait for the ttbb-tidc. The Moors perceiving all quiet upon deck, about II o'ckMrk fwam to the veffcl with an intention ot boarding her. The crew upon hearing their noifc threw out ropes to them and took them on board •' they now paid no attention to anfwcrs or m^^ii tions, but proceeded immediately to plunder. 11,^ crew finding themfeives difappoiqtcd in obtainitvY afliftancc, and anxious to reach land, got the reU into the water about two o'clock : ten only could find room therein, four of whom were wafted oil by the violence of the furf, and M. Bardon in con. fequence thereof drowned. The Moors who leaptH inftantaneoully overboard, preferved two of the others, and the mate who was the fourth, returned to the veflel. The others, among whom was the captain, landed fafe, and were conduced by the Moors to a hill, where they had kindled a fire and there flripped and left them. Thofe that re' mained on board were now employed about another raft, which could only contain five pcrfnns, four nf whom reached the fhore without any accident the other was affifted by a Moor. ' Only fix now remained in the wreck, among whom was M. Saugnier : there was no pofHlfility of makin? another raft, fo that it was fuggefled to get aOioa- by the help of bundles, which were thrown into the fea. Saugnier was the firft who made the attempt and his good fucccli encouraged the remainder to follow his example, which tliey did with equal fifety They were all afTemblcd on the hill round a great fire, where they were left by the Moors fpr half an hour. On their return, which was about half an hour after, they examined them according to cuftom, and conduced them half a a league up the country. Here they divided, one party luving re- turned towards the beach, while M. Saugnier and the reft of his fellow-fufferers were left with the other, who began to difputc among thcmfclvcs who fliould be maiiers of thole intended Oaves. ' They now rufhed upon them with drawn -Ij.mcr. while the helplefii wretches, thinking they Tvtrc about to deftroy them, and anxiuus to procraflinate their lives a little longer, took to flight. They were purfued by the Moots, who were flruggling one with the other to feize them. A bloojfy confli^ enfqed : feveral of the French were dcrperatclf wounded. Two Moors, who had ftopped M. SiJ. nier, furioufly contended with each other, while one infifted that he was his Have ; this provokin? the other, be endeavoured to fettle the dilmue by ftabbing M. Saugnier, who parrying off the WiiI that was made at him, had two fingers bun by th: fobre. His atjverfary, feiziog this opportuciiy proved his chim by murdering this aflTailin. M. Saugnier was now led by his new mafler lo the place where his relations, wives, flaves, kc. were They applied fire to his wound, which flopped the progrefs of the poifon, and flanched the blopd; alfo plants dippey contented aitd chcariully ^ M. SAUGNIER's VOYAGES to the COAST of AFRICA. ~ ■-.^.Miif^s-- ■ CHAPTER il. ;^., ,^;.. :.:■•, ^' ■- •; ill. Saugnler firms the Pnjefl of efcaping — Effeils It — Meets another Party of Moors — Their Behaviour io him— li carried away by a Moor— Taken from that Moor by others — Their Intentions of felling him — Tedious tra- velling'— Difappointed in their Purpofe— Obliged to return — Their Kindnefs and Humanity to M. Saugnler-^ Defcrtption of the Country, Cujioms, (sfc. — M. Saugnler fold — His Occupations — So/d again — His Sufferings^ Anxiety, &c.—Sold again — Sets off for Cape Non— Termination of his Sufferings — No longer a Slave, but at- tended like a Mafltr — // allowed to fee bis Countrymen — Propofals fir his Liberty by the Engllfh and French Merchants — Hf.. Saugnler, and jive of bis Countrymeri redeemed— Hoiv bis Couptrj/mtn were previouffy treated-^ Their mutual Ctngratulations— Further Adventures. ' '\t . • ■■!. '■-ji&''"'''' '^'' -■' . :->ivt..,..i (.r.j ,4v- •■ THE unfortunate flaves were the day after their captivity pertnittcd by their m^iQera to aflemble upon the beacb. Thofe who b^onged to the Arabs of Zaara were treated with the greated kindnefs, and allowed either (kins or fonie of the clothes which their mafters had plundered from the wreck cover them* M. Saugnier, and the reft who belonged to the Monfelemines, were all naked this naturally led M. Saugnier to fuppofe that thofe who belonged to the former tiibc poflefled a more comfortable fituation ; and underftandin^ that thefe people were accudomcd to fee Europeans in the river of Senegal and at Portandic, he conceived hopes that if he belonged to (hem he might meet with an opportunity of being carried to Senegal. Impreflcd with this idea, ne began to form the Eroje^ of efcaping from the place where his mafter ept his wives and fervants. At he was very little watched, about nine o'clock in ihp morning he made for the interior part of the country, though ignorant where he was going. Scarce had he (ra- velled half a league, when he was met by a party of Moors : thcfc men conduced him to their tepts, which were full of camels and goats. They covered liim with goat-fkins fcwed together, and gave him milk to druik. Though exceedingly fatigued, he paffed two nights without fleep. All day he was obliged to walk; at night they flopped to red themfdves. One day, as foon as the fun appeared, the camels wire prepared. A Moor now obliged M. Saugnier to get up behind him, and having left 4II the reft of the party behind by the fea-ude, he continued to travel in this va^, without knowing wba( for or where he was going. 1 Ic airivcd about the middle of the day at other tcnt^, where he W41 permitted to reft liimfelf after the fatigue of the preceding days. Here be re- niaincJ only two da^s, for three weU-artDcd Arabs (who were nikedj) took him away by violence, and piocecdcd towards the foutb. They crQJTed iievtral rivers, and after a tedious marCh of 16 days tbey flopped. On the firft day the blood which iflued from M. Saugoicr's icet had piarkcd the ground. I'pon feeing this the Arrbs drew «a\ the thoriii which weic in then;, »iiU having fcrapcd the foles of hit feet with tbcir dag^rs, plaiftercd thcna over with fand and tar, by which means he wa« enabled (0 walk without any pain. TlulV people intended to fell M. Saugnfer to tlic vrdeis that come lu Senegal to huy gum ; but the w.irAv>iich then raged between the princes of thofe cantons prcvenlea the esecut'On oi their dcfign. Three days th(y Ipent in a «.)od of gum trees. MndiniT it impolCble to fell h%v at Senegal, they Hiuriied by the (kme way they came, anu af^er > journey of )0 da^a they arrived at their tent. Duiing this laborious march, M. SaugQier's food \v,ii niilk, mixed with camel's urine, and a little barliyuical or millet ftirrcd up in brackiih water. There is very excellent land in the forefl, which, if cultivated, would no doubt produce all the ne- cclljiirs of life. 1 h^y found an abundance of truf- flu, witich Mt Siugpier rcliflied very much ; the Moom, ill whofe company he was, often procuring them tor him. Bcinu accuftomcd to live on milk, tliey contented themfelves with that of their camels, «iid chcartully denied tbeiufelvei thpfc roota on hi* accotirit. Indeed M. Sau;:;nter wai ufed exceed- ingly well by his conductors ; they treated him with humanity, and procured him whatever feemed to pleafe him the raotti whenever it was in their power. M. Saugnier was fo fincerely attached to them; that it was not without regret he faw them fet off the day after their arrival; nor did he ever fee them again. During the journey, when they flopped in the evening, they went tlicmfelves in queft of wood for the night, and left him to take care of the ca- mels and baggage : very often too, when they per- ceived he was much fatigued, they would ftop two or three hours till he refted. The horde to which he belonged confiftcd of 52 tepts, fometimes united, fumetimes divided, accord- ing as the convenience of pa(\urage required. Thcfe tents are made of a black and flout fluff, woven of goat's and camel's hair, and about 18 inches wide; they are fewed together, and two crofs flicks fup- poit the tent. All their furniture confifts of fome l^raw ropes for their cattle, an earthen pot to warm their milk or boil their meat, a ladle, a mat, a knife, a pike, snd a great flone, which ferves them as a hammer to drive in the pins of the tent. Thus happy, though poor, they live in pcrfeft tranquillity. The men keep their ilocks, &c. the women fpin, drefs their vifhiah, &c. Both fcxes wear goat-lkins alike. . 1 he finery of the men confifls in the beauty of their arms, fuch as fabrcs, daggeis, and mufkets, and in a firing of large white cniyflal 1 that of the women in necklaces of amber, coral, or glafs beads of every kind, in gold or filver ear-rings, according to their wealth, &c. M. Saugnier paffed two days without being de- fired to do any work ; on the third he was fent t6 fetch woo(l for the (ent. For this pprpofe an cXA cord was given him, and a child accompanied him, to ihew him which was the beft for the purpofe. Notwithftapding the whole country be covered vith buOics, they are fo careful in pretcrving them, that they never touch n green flick. M. Saugnier was frcqucntljr ( wo whole hours feeking dead wood t and when his faggot w<|s fuijicient for t tie day's con- fumptiQB be carried it to the tent, while his naked (boulders^ lacerated by the burihenj ufed to be bloody alt over. PIcafed with his punfluality and afliduity in fur~ nHhing the neceflary quantity of woikI, he was next CQipJoyed in making butter. For this porpqfs they Sut tlicir milk in a goat's Ikin, fufpend it on three icks, and (hake it for about two hours. Such was hit bufinefs during his flay with thcfe people. An opportunity at lau arrived of dlfpofing of M. $9.ugnier, when his mafter received a barr« of meal, and an iron bar aboi^t nine feet long, in tx- cbmnge for his perfon. Early the next day they fet off, and walked for nine fuccefltve days. It is the cuftom of all the people of Africa to begin their journey at fun-rife, and not to flop till it is about ' .) fet. In the day- time they eat nothing but a fniall wild fruit rcfcm- bling the jujube-tree, which is in great pknty. As foon an each d,iy'R journey was over, M. Saug- nier was obliged, like the negro flayes, to go and fetch wood, to keep them warm during the night, and to protect them from the fcrpents atui wild . bcalU m I i II K' ,■ 1^ * M M li (" ! ' ■■•■"'• "fn,^ '5* NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. beafts that over-run the country. A little barley- meal, mixed up, as before, with brackifli water, was now his only food. Thefc people are all exceedingly kind and hofpi. table. When a ftrangcr arrives, they greet him with the faluCation of friendfliip, and often deny them- feives food, for the fake of fupplying him with re- frefhments. As foon as M. Saugnier had arrived among the Moors in rebellion againd the Emperor of Morocco, he was fold again. His new mailer gave him no reft, fending him the very next day to keep his camels, the care of the goats being generally en- trufled to children. Thus abandoned to his own reflexions, and totally ignorant of the fate of his fellow-fuiferers, he pafTed every day in the midft of the mountains. His long tedious journies left him without an idea of the country he was in, and the hope of his dcli> verance began to vanifli. > Je faw no period to his misfortunes ; they grew more and more intolerable i his (Irength perceptibly diminiihed, and every time he changed his mailer he found it ftill a change for the vorfe. Each evening, on his return to the tent, plenty of camel's milk was given him, but the unfrequency of his meals, and the poornefs of this fare, would certainly never have fufliced to keep up his (Irength, if he had not, during the day, provided fome truf- fles, and other wild roots, which neceflity had made him acquainted with wlnle on the road with his firft maftcrs. M. Saugnier was fold again, his health being al- ready impaired, and was c()ndu(flcd by his new mafter to his tent, where he did not remain long. Being very poor, he carried him to a neighbouiing market, to endeavour to make fome profit by his DTfon. He there met with an Arab, jwho bought nim for two young camels, and fold him at the market the day after. He received money ir ex- change. In /aara trade is only carried on by barter. It was in this place that M. Saugnier faw money for the iirfl lime : the fight of which revived his hopes, as he begau to think he was not far from a civilized llaie. Every new mafter now treated him worfe than the laft ; while, by being thus handed over, he was approaching the Morocco dominions, where he would have had Hill more to fuffer, if he had been unfortunate enough to belong to any one but the Emperor. When it was dark they fet off, and took their way towards Cape Non. Four Arabs, who were at the market while the Moor was buying him, lay in wail for them when the night was coming on. They were only armed with ilieir dagger*, and as M. Saugnier's prcfent mafter knew them, he had no diftruft of their intentions. Seeing one of them in the aft of dabbing him, M. Saugnier cried out ; his mafter avoided tlie blow, and that ilic Moors, after fighting; to know who fliould be ihtir mailers, had at length fet fire to the wreck ; that fevcral Arabs had been killed byfplinteis from the ilnp, from \» hence they had not taken out t.'ie (inwdcr ; that many of their people had been wouikI- d; and that the captain, after having lived twelve (1,i)s with no fuflcnancebut a little brandy, had been kiioeked on the head upon the beach. K-rhaps the nport of his fate w;is as ill-founded as that of M. Sautinier's, tor M. Follic was the only one of all tlic crctt Vvho ccrtil'ied his death. The city of Cllinu was the tirft phicc where they met with Jevs : they were very numerous thtrc, as veil as in all the towns Ix'twccn that place and St, ( roix.aliiioft all the trade that is carried on palling through their hands. 1 he Mahometans of ihclc cantons treat them like flaves. Cruel as was the Arab, M. FoUie's mafter, and however determined in his enmity to the Cliriftians, hctold that gentle- man to fuffer nothing from the Jews, who had gone his halves in the purehafe. When M. Follie lived with the Jew, M. Saugnier ufed to go and fee him without any referve, accom- panied, it is true, by Moors attached to the intcrefts of his matter J nor did the Jew ever dare to refufe M. Follie leave to go out and walk with him. The Moors that accompanied him were furprifed they fliould a(k it, and gave him to underftand that he might go out when he picafed, and that they would beat the Jew, if he dared to offer him the fmalleft affront. The Jew of Glimi, whofe name was Good Jacob, had received orders from Meff. Cabaner and Depra to aflill thefe unfortunjite people ; the letter imported that he inight fpend 200 ounces of filver to lupply their wants. They did not know that by the word ounce is imderOood in Barbary a little piece of money of about the value of ten futi ; anil as the let- ter was written in French and Arabic, M. Saugnier perfuaded his matter that 200 dollars were the fum the Jew was ordered to fpend on their account. He put a mullvct-ball in one iLale, and in the other fmall pieces of money till they amoinited to the fame weight. Induced b; this rcprefentation, the Arabs obliged the Jew to dreCs thtm in the nioil elegant manner. Their miflakc was of the grcatctt ufe to them, and guarded thtm againtt the exeellivc told on the fuiniiiit of Mount Atlas, wliicli they were obliged to crofs, and which is at a'l times covered with fnow. M. Saugnier's fliare of the cxpencc ainoiintcd to about 15 dollars and a half. M. loUie, M. Lanaf- pe/e, and himfell, were the only three who had Moorilh cloaks. It being out of the power of M. Lanafpcrc to accompany M. Saugnier and his party ; at the time of parting l.anafpc/e gave Saugnier nine Louis d'ors in gold, his watch-chain, and a feal, which he had fortunately concealed from his matter's knowledge, by holding the little parcel in his hands when he was llripped, and then concealing it in the fatid. .'\ftefwards, when permitted to put on an old pair ol breeches, he put the parcel into his pocket, where he Ihll kept it. CHAPTER III. l\. Zmiimr ap/1 five tf hii Ctrnpanhnt at liberty — TLe^f fit «ff for hla^adort— Dread d/ f>e!ng furfrifid—Go to the ilcufe of feme Jewi — Koaas very had—Journey Jeveie — They meet with an uninhabited llouje — Ruins of a Twon— Arrival at St. CVwVr — Meet a gocd Reception — Conduittd to the Houfe of MeJ^. Cabanes end Depras— Defiription of the City of Moc^adore, St. Croix, crc.—Of the Governor of Mo^adore — /I remarkable Inflame of 'Jtaloufy—The Emperor in a Rage — Btntahar takes to flight — His Anger appeafed — Af. Saugnier, &c, reduced to Sliivery agnin, but more tranquil than before — Orders to fit off for Morotco— Arrival— Prior's contumely — '//'f/r Apfie'irunce before the Emperor— Hit Kindnefs — Gives thetit their IJherty — Remarks thereupon — Further KinJiu/i of the Emperor— They fit off, and pafs through Cities of Barbary — A flrange Punijhment — Pafs the River of Lions — See feveral Places — Set off for Cadiz— Embark on board the St, Francois de Sales — Arrive at Ojlend—Set eff for Dunkirk— Delay at Uj.e^Arrivt at St. ^intin. MSAUGNIF.H, and five of hii companlonj, • having been now redeemed, by the great care of Benialiar the Arab, they Itrt off for Mogadorc, with no little fatisfadlion. They proceeded as far as St. Croix, (which the Arabs call Agader) having trtvelled by 'light for fear of being furprifed by the Arahs,an(i hecoming their flaves again. When about half a league from Glimi they crofftd a i'mall rivulet ol dear water, and now leaving the mad which was the greatrtt thoroughfare, thry re- piiircd to a large hoiile on the plain, from whence tliey proeeedctl (IHII by night) to a very thick wood. I'hcv were five days on the road between Glimi and St. Croix. The following day they went to the houfe of fome No, 13, Jews, which was fituated on an eminence ; here they palled the night, and from thence entered defiles, running parallel to thefea. As the roads were very bad, obttru(!ted by mountains and thick woods, this day's journey was exceedingly fevcrc. They forded a fmall ri^cr about eight leagues from St. Croi.";, near .^hich thry found an houfe built in the French manner, which was then iinitihabitcd. Half a league from this arc the ruins of a town, which feems by its lituittion and extent to have been once a place of confciiuence. They could not learn the name thereof. I'hcy now defccndcd to well cultivated plains, which brought rhcm to the fea- lide. They then crofl'^d the river which waters the walls of St, Croix on their camels. •(^4 As iiTWii rr ■ »i4 NEW COLLECTION op VOYAGES and TRAVELS. m As foon as they had reached St. Croix, each Chriftian was obliged to pay about five fous. That to\yn contains nothing remaricable. It was for- merly one of the moft commercial of all Barbary; but it is now almoll in ruins, and only defended by a miferable fort, with twelve pieces of cannon, and even thefe arc of no fervice. They flcpt near a fountain, the work of the Por- tuguefe, who was once in pofleflion of the country. From thence they continued their journey without accident, notwithftanding the difficulty of roads cut through the rocks, and the precipices and forefts of the Atlas mountains, the chain of which begins at St. Croix de Barbarie. They met with a very good reception from the Englifli merchants to whom they were addrelTed, and who conduded them to the French houfe of Meflrs, Cabanes and Depras. They found on their arrival there the mod fatisfadory letters from M. Mure, the French vice-conful, redding at Salle, who, having nothing fo much at heart as their deli- verance, had employed every means to redeem them from flavcry without making known his intentions. The city of Mogadore, fo called by the Chriflians, from the name of a fmall idand, which is fituated to the fouth of it, and in which confifts the good- ncfs of the harbour, is only known to the Arabs by that of Souera. It is a new town, a. '1 the only place where the Chriftians have full liberty of trade. ]t runs out into the fca on a rock, and is furrounded by land on every fide j towards the harbour it has three llrong batteries for its defence, the principal one of twenty-four pounders of the fame number. There are about two hundred and fifty French rcncgadots, all in the pay of the Emperor, who have the care of thefe batteries. The town is in- habited by Chriftians of every nation, hy Jews, to whom the Emperor advances a capital, and by Moors, engaged in trade. It is the bcli fortified and mort commercial of the whole empire of Mo- rocco. The Chriftians have two pricfts there of the Spanifti milTion, and enjoy their religion without any moleftation. A great trade w.is formerly carried on at St. Croix dc Barbaric, but the reigning Emperor, the founder of Mogadore, ordered the inerchants to remove to the latter town, and St. Croix is now a wildcrnefs. M. Saugnier cannot conceive the motive that prevents the French from giving their real names to the towns of this country. Every thing in that regard is totally changed. St. Croix is only known to the Arabs by the name of Agader, Mogadore by that of Souera, and fo on. The name given M thofc cities in France not being known in tne coun- try, the French travellers who vifit Barbary are fre- quently perplexed. When the governor of Mogadore was informed of their arrival, he fcnt for thtm to his houfe. The > governor is a man of a mild and afi'able difpofition, can neither write nor read, and owes his elevation to the jmft he holds to the fignal marks of bravery he llii wed in the prcfence of the Emperor. He had their tunics taken down by the Mahometan pricfts, and lent oil a courier immediately, to inform the Kmptror o* their arrival. The linipcior, on receiving the news, fell into a dreadful fit of rage. Two months before he had pivcii the moft pofitivr orders to the governors of the pioviiKcs in the vicinity of the dcfert, to ufe tlu'ir utmoft endeavours to extricate them from the haiiils of the wandering Arabs. Iking remarkably jealous of his authority, he looked upon this afTiir as an attack upon it; nor coold he bear the idea of Chriftians being more readily obeyed, in his own dominions, than himfelf. He broke out into threats, condemned to death the Arab, whom the Hnglifli had fent to their aftiftancc, wrote to the merchants in the fcvervft terms, threat, ciiing to burn alive the firft pcrfon who, from that time, flioulU dare to interfere in the redemption of a captive of any nation whatever. In confequcncc of this the captains of all the fliips in the road were forbid to receive M. Saugnier and his companions • a ftridl watch was kept over them, nor were they fuffcred to go to any diftance from the city. The Arab, Bentahar, having received timely in. formation of the Emperor's deligns, and of the kn. tcnce of death pronounced againft him, faved his life and his fortune by a hafty retreat to the people who had kept M. Saugnier and the reft in flavcry. However, a few prefents, ingenioufly adminiftcred to the favourite fultanas, foon difpelled the anicr of the prince. He was made to underftand that the French had not becn'bought by the merchants but that their relations, informed of their misfor! tunes, had fent them the neceflary fiims of money" and that, ignorant of his laws and will, they mi 'h; themfelves, without meaning to oftend him, iia\c entered into treaty for their ranfom: Thefe arguments had due weight, but he was determined to have them in his power; tlienfon- on the 15th of May, the governor ot Mogadore lent for them to the public fquarc. There, by order of his maftcr, he repaid the French merchants the money they advanced for their deliverance. Uj told them that the Emperor pardoned them, as \kI! as the Arab, whom they had employed to put an cnj to their diftrefs ; he then delivered them into thur hands, after having made known to the people that they belonged to the Emperor. Though a while ago they were free, they w-re now again reduced to flavery ; they wcr'- ..ot, however required to work. The manner in which they were received by the governor, the refpeCt ftiew n liicm by the Moors, the liberty they were left at to ra where they plcafed, the accounts they heard of the reft of the crew, every thing in ihort contributed to rcftore tranquillity to their minds, and make them cafy. This was the firft time they received French drcftcs. A coat, waiftcoat, and breeches of blue cloth, three fiiirts, two handkerchiefs, a filk travr, a hat, a night-cap, and two pair of ftiocs, \ur' given to each of them ; an exjience that mi: h: amount to thirty-fix dollars a-picce. " They had been told that the Emperor's fon, the governor of Teroudan, had advanced towards cine Non, at the head of an army of eight thoufandnim Hii orders were to get the I'rench, cither by mony or by force. They conceived hopes that this cntcrpmc would be attended with fucccfsj but the French merchants were of a difterent opinion. They told them that the delay in the execution of the trnjic. ror's orders is folely occalioned by the avarice of that prince. He generally employs the Jewis w advance the necelFary money, and does not rciniburfe them. He thinks them but too happy to have a:i opportunity of obeying him at the expcnccofthcr fortune, and from thence arifcs the tardinels wi;h which the individual! of that nation arc fure to pro- ceed. On the 15th of June they received orders to fit off for Morocco. A numerous caravan ferving a an efcort to the royal trcafure, ariling from the cuftoms paid by foreign fliips that put in at Moga- dorc, infured the fafety of their arrival. The Englifti and French merchants were theonK perfons that came to take leave of them ; tlity Id: them with tears in their eyes, and promifed them all the alliftance in their |)ower, in cafe they (lioulil not be able to obtain their freedom from the EmiK- ror. This journey from Mogndore to Morocco, was neither tedious nor laborious j in quality of the tin- pcror's flaves, a mule was given to each ol then., not without great difpleafurc on the part ol do Moors to whom they belonged. The fovcrrn'ii never pays I and ihele people inftead of felling the r commoditiei at Mogadore, were obliged to lullow them to Morocco. Tlie ■*■ }n rii' %Mm I- ' ;«,« .V4i: W^ m h^ Tlie M. S The Jew, the E dcrs to fupply the arrival this wretch [he camels, fetch commanded the c: Moors to take Ci Jews, and forbad which they availcc merchandize) at 1 On the aoth o much fatigued by jcMS, and four c their arrival, to cc that prince had ft pt an army of 1 2CX hai beat his Jicute Atlas. The Emp Saugiiier and his ot the pricltsof th vent in the quartet Tiic prior, acco his nation, treated tinefs. He highlj experiencing the I them rather like fl them t\cn the thin M. Nhirc, their vic( I'liiii to tielray thcii llii>iiily indeed Inn;;. His prcfcn fcnleof thcirdiityj vdliicii to fee then ot Jiinc they had tl prdcncc. lie I'^mperor w his trooj's. He in iiitiiiiis ordered the f|)OKC to thcin with quJiinied them CO in hIi.i li they had ! in iiiislortune, ant vluim they belongt in a ll.ort time to manner in which t) ami, on hearing thei theeare ot the Kaih fj)(inlil)lc for any c Ihcy remained aboi rocco, nil the inhabi marks ol kindncfs. This to^n is lar] the hnults are very I There aie a number arc niailc. M.ijaugnicr and p.'r(ir's Haves, their MiKirsj andaccordi cvciy uiriolity in tl they rcinirkcd was a mIih li a man can afc MorocLO IS lituatcd the ilillaiu e of ten 1 . On the 5th of Ju orders to prepare \ bctarc i!ic Kmperor, which lieing unexpci At this time there the commercial houf the white Hag. It ' determined to havef to .VI. Lhcnicr, con ft had (liivrn from his Meir. L'abaiics and L mitiuif,' all the nioi M. Koycr, of Marf« houfe, had jiift takei 'f he very rcafons their fcrviiudc were, thtir liberty. Th( weiids idr hig fault M. SAUGNIER's VOYAGES To ThU COAST of AFRICA. 155 The Jew, the Emperor's principal fcribe, had or- ders to fupply their wants. In the evening of their arrival this wretch wanted to oblige them to unload the camels, fetch wood, &c. but the Alcaide, who commanded the caravan, perceiving it, ordered the Moors to take care of the French, ill tl-eated the Jews, and forbad them o follow the caravan (of which they availed the nlelves for the fafety of their merchandize) at lefs than half a league diftance. On the 20th of June they arrived at Morocco, much fatigued by the heat, that had killed three jcHs, and four camels. The Alcaide wifhcd, on ihcir arrival, to conduA them to the Hmperor; but that prince had fct off in the morning, at the head pt an army of 1 2000 men, to punifli the rebels, who haii beat his lieutenant, and taken refuge on Mount Atlas. The Emperor not being at Morocco, M. Saugnicr and his party were entruded to the care ot the priclts of the Spanifli milFion, who had a cbn- vcnt in the c]uartcr of the Jews. The prior, according to that pride fo peculiar to his nation, treated them with infupportabic haugh- timfs. He highly extolled their good fortune, in cxperiincing the kindnefs of his ««mHn//y; treated them rather like flavcs than Chriilians, and rcfufed thnii t\cn the things of the firft nccelfity, although M. Mure, their vicL-conful, had fcnt him a fufficicnt funi ;» ilelray their cxpcnces. Ilippily indeed the Emperor's abfehcc was not lon;^. His prcfence had reduced the rebels to a fcnlc of their duty ; he heard of the people's arrival, »il!.(i.i to fee them immediately, and on the 28th ol Jiini- they had the h.ippincfs of appearing in his prikncc. 1 1 e linperor was now employed in cxercifing his troojs. He immediately put a (lop to thccvo- lutll)n^, ordered the French to approach his pcrfon, fpKC to tiKin with a kindnefs they little cxpcdcd, quJii liucl them concerning the names of the places inwh 1 h ihcyhad !)ccn fcparated from their fellows in nu:>lortunc, and about tltofe of the makers to wh(ini they belonged, and promifed to fend them ia a Hurt time to France. He enquired into the manmr in \vhich they were treated at the convent; and, on hearing their complaints, entrufted them to the Via- oi tiic Kailebes Daflia, making his head re- fpoiilil)lo lor any complaint that might be made. Iha remained about eight days in the city of Mo- rocco, all the inhabitants (licwing them thcgreateft iii.irks c)| kindnefs. 1 hi!> town is large and populous, but ill-built t the heulVs arc ycry low, and the ftrccts very narrow. There ai e a number of fquares, in which all bargains arc niaiie. M.^aiignier and his companions being the Em- ponir's iiaves, their perfons were held facred by the Miiori 1 anil accordingly they faw, without dilHculty, cvriy ei:ri()lity in the capital. Among the things they rcniirked was a very lofty tower, to the top of vhii li a man can afccnd on iiorfeback ; and though Morocu) t» lituatcd in a plain, it is to be fcen at theili:tanre of ten leagues. . On the fjih of July, the Daflia having received orders to prepare his troops, they appeared again bch)rc the Kmperor, who gave them their liberty, which Wm^ unexpeded alforded them no little joy. At this time there was a talk of war with France : the coiiuiicrcial houfe at Mogadore no longer hoif^cd the white Hajr. It uas faid that the French were dctcrniincd to have fatisfadion for the infult oifcrcd to M. Lhcnier, conl'ul at Sallee, whom the Emperor had (liivrn troni his prcfence in the rudeft manner. Meir. Cibmcs and bcpras, of Mogadore, were rc- niittin),' all the money they could to France j and M. k()}cr, of Marfcillcs, having abandoned his hoiil'e, had jiift taken lliipping for Europe. The very reafons that feenicd likely to prolons their lerviiudc were, no doubt, thofc that nadened their liberty. The Emperor, wifliing to make wucndii ior hii fault, was therefore induced to fct this people free : perhaps they might owe their deli- verance to gratitude, for news had juft been broughc to Morocco that 300 Moors had been aflilled by a vefTel from Marfcilles, after having tried all the Italian and Mahometan ports in vain; that theafli(l« ancc of which they flood in need had been every- where refufed them 1 that they would have died o£ want but for the aififlancc of the Marfeilles fliip, and that they were then performing quarantine in that port, from whence they would fet oif to return to their own country when an opportunity arrived. Be this as it may, the Emperor having ordered them a gratification of three dollars each, they fee off on the jth, well mounted, and with an efcort of 800 foot and 200 horfe. The Moorifh foldiers took care to pitch their tent every day near that of the general. With this efcort t^ey paifed throu(^h the greatcft part of the cities of liarbary, their little army being every where aug- mented by frefli reinforcementii, and received with honour in every town. In the town they found a Marfeilles captain, who had turned renegado, to avoid, according to the Emperor's law, a punifliment of 500 ftripes, for being thipwrecked near this place, as the Emperor pretends it mull be done on purpofc, it being im- pofliblc, he thinks, that veffels can run afliore on his coafl. Thofc captains who are on their way to Barbary are exempt from this punifhmcnt. They cncampecl before Azemor, where they made fomc flay. The Bafha hired 300 men, and having given them 10 ounces each, they joined their line of march. They now palled the river of Lions, and encamped on the oppolition bank : then pro- ceeding along the coall', they faw Darzbadda, Mow- foria, Fadal, and fevcral other towns, which were in ruins, and only known for the trade they carry on in corn. As foon as they had reached Rabatc, they were delivered up to the governor of that place, by the Balha. Account of their arrival was now fcnt to M. Mure, the French vice-conful, who came im- mediately to fee them. He was very much furpritld when he was told all the honours they had received in the towns of Barbary. For fear any difagrceabic change might take place, in the Emperor's fenti- ments, cMcry due arrangement was made to expedite their journey, and they were difpatched for Tangier without delay. The two towns Rabate and Sallee, which arc ge- nerally confufed with each other, are divided by the river. The former, which is the refidencc of the French conful and the governor, is the moft ex- tend ve and confiderablc : both ihefc towns arc paved. There is a tower in Rabate, limilar to that of Mo- rocco, whereby the inhabitants may fee the veflcls in the olTing. There is alfo a fupply of frefli water, by means of an aqueducfl, ereded by an Englifli en- gineer, which conveys it two leagues from the town. Sallee is a King's port. Fjefti troops having been now levied, on the ajth of July they let off with a new efcort. Three of the mules (which were provided by M. Mure} were left behind in a fmall town in ruins about 30 leagues from Sallee, as they were rendered ufelefs through iitigue. In confcquence thereof they were frequently obliged to travel on foot to Tangier, where they arrived on thejifl, and received a much better re- ception from thcSpanifli conful ^to whom they were addrefled) than from the monKs of the miflion. The conful immediately reported the Emperor's wifhes to the governor of that place ; who there- upon ifllied orders that every expedition fliould be made for their letting off for Cadiz. The captain of the Spanifli velfel, who came to Tangier to procure corn and poultry, daparted in the evening, and the next morning they arrived at Cadiz, where they hollaed their flag. They were now vifitcd by the phyiicians, who fent them to perform quarantine on ouard the Laza- ■ 3 > «"o. I urn 156 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ii;;i retto, about two leagues diftant from the town. They were three days in this hulk, without beinc able to fct a foot on (hore. At laft iJicy were landed, and placed in a kind of barn, where they were but barely flieltcrcd from the rain. They were revifited bv the phyficians on the nth of AuRuft. Thrir health being now afcertained, they departed from the barn. M. Boircl, the French vice-conful of Cadiz, re- ceived them verv kindly, and having fupplicd them with every ncceffary, facilitated their return to their native places. M. Suignier embarked the aSth of Auguft o„ board the St. Francois de Sales, a ve (Tel of 200 tons burthen, commanded byCapt. Sinical, of Dunkirk After a tedious, difajrrceable palliige, and having been beating live days olf the harbour, they arrived at Oftcnd on the 1 1 th of Oc'tobcr. The next dav the captain condiniU'd M. Saugnier to Dunkirk His paHport being now cxamineil, he left Dunkir!* on the i-jth; and having delayed at Lillejonacimiiit of his indifpofition, he ilid not arrive at St. (^limjl, till the 2ift of October, 1784. CHAPTER IV. Af. Sau^nifr's ill R/tceptien at Home — His Refolution — An unexpr^feJ Letter — V.ncoura9_td to pwfue his forni/<- Projefls — Mcofures taken — Repairs to Paris — "it ays tvjo Mnntbi to no Pur pi;/} — l.nhiirks on h'HirJtbfQufi.i-jj, Jdolplius — An igiceable Jhort yoyajre — Mikes Cape B/.i'no — // dangerous ii.ir cr-[led — Proceed to Senerrji'_^ Defcription of the I/ltnd — M. Saugnier refilies to undertake a Yoyai^e to Galam — He embarks on hcir'il ti; M. Saugnier' M SAUGNIER now rertorcd to his family, was • in hopes of enjoying domeftic cafe and hap- pincfs ; but the ftory r f his futterings being liilbc- lieved, his rclnrions treated him witli coolncfs and indifference. Having received 300 livrcs from one of his uncles, and a few artak-s from his mother, who was rather in humble circi;nillanccs, he was refolved upon returning to Paris, ;ind eliough con- trary to his inclination, engage himfclt in his ori- ginal line of bulincfs. I le remained at his mother's houfe till he had recovered his health, havintr, in the interim, made applications in writinj; to d ral fliop-keepers in the capital. lincouragrj, however, by an unexpected letter from the clcicr of his two former companions, who had at firll fuggellai a fettlemcnt in Senegal, and hud been now apprifcJ of M Saugnier's arrival in Irance, he became re- folved on reluming his former proicds. He made every cfibrt therefore ofohtaininj.' Iditional f ippliis from his family, and on his mother's becoming llcu- rity, obtained 300 livres more. With this he repaired to Paris, where he ftaid two months with his partner, to no pur;)ofe, in hopes of being made head of a comjiany « lu> were fcekmg an cxclulivc privilege for the gum-trade in Senegal. After being amufcd with t.iir pronufes, which ended in nothing, they fet olf lorliourdeaux', where they experted to meet with velfels taking in freight, which happened according; to their expectations. After remaining in ilourdeaux about a fortnight M. Saugnier embarked on board the Ciuliavus Adolphus, which bclonj^ed to M. Lamalathie, mer- chant of Uourdiaux, and was under the coniiiuindof Ca|)t. Mare of hJavrc. 'IhisvcHcl was to trade along the coaft, and ihcnce to fet fail for India, when the provifions for the garrifon of Senegal were delivered. M. Saugnier was allowed by M. Lamalathie a com- mitfion upon fuch negroes as he might purchafe in union with the captain. This offer, though by no means profitable, was however accepted by M. Saugnier, and matters accordingly adjuftcd. M. Saugnier's partner remained at Uourdeaux to fit out the brig I'uret, of about 70 tons burthen, which fct fail about fix weeks after M. Saugnier's departure. The (iuflavus Ailolphus being an excellent failcr they had a very agreeable fliort voyage. They had fdmc violent gales on leaving the Canary IHands, ■which having fjirung their main-maft, deterred the captain from profecuting his voyage to India, as it was totally im|)ofliblL' to repair it in a proper manner. He Haiti at Gorcc for about a twelve- month, where having finiflied his bulinefs he pro- ceeded to America. Warned by the late misibr- I tunes of M. Sau^^nicr, the captain wifely rcfiln,] upon keeping well out tn fe.i. Having the next day maiic (lajic IJIanro, thev ^■^. two wrecks; one fcenied a Irig.ue, and the o;;i(::i vetfcl of about 1 50 tons. On the nth ot June 1781;. they were in lifriu of Senegal. Tiicy now crolied a b.ir, which bcmij the cliectoffevi-r.il lucccliive liirls titit continually |o|. low, and break upon cadi other with uiu oinrtm.i violence, is reckoned by the Ceiimcn exccedin-lv dangerous : this furf is occafioncd by the currtni of tile river, whirh is thrown back upon iticll bv the fe:t, into « Inch it Hows. There is alio a Hjt foriiitd pv the land, which is carried down by the llreaiii, and cail back by the fea, which ren iers jhc padagc inatcelliblc to large veifels. M. Saiim,,fr went t)vcr it in the pilot's boat-: at this tinirthrrc was only i:{ feet water. Having now crollcd tin- bar, they went on ffiore, and iiotwithflandin); the extreme heat of the fun, pre. ended to Senei;al aloni; the Barbary Point, which is a piece of fandy ground that feparates the Niger from the fea. TIfc idand of Senegal is a bunk of find in tli; middle of the river. It is a thoufand gcunietncil paces long, and about fivty in its greatelt width; u almoft on a level with the river, and with the i;,i being defended from the latter by H.irb.irv I'lmr, which is of greater elevation than the cuionv'. TtiC eaffern branch of the river is the more conlidrrablc of the two, being about four hundred toilcs aeros; the wellern branch is only lron\ fifty to two liundrej toifcs wiile. i'he ille conlilU tntirriy of bur.iini; lands, on the barren furface ot uliuh are Icattcnd flints, throvvn out among their ballaft by vcfeij coming from (ioree, or with the ruins ofbtiildm;; formerly erected by Europeans. There is f-irc; fuch a tfiing as a garden upoii the illaiul ; fur t;,' European feeds do not thrive here. It is not fur. priling that the foil is fo un()rodurtive; lor ti:e air is ilrongly impregnated with lea fait, wliich \-i\- vadcs every thing, anil confuines even iron ina vcrv (bort f|)acc of time. Tiie heats are cxccllivr, an.i rendered ftiil more infupportable by the lellcaiin of the fiind, lb that from ten in the _mornin'»un;il four ill the afternoon it is almoll impodlhlc to :» any work. During the months of January, Febn:. ary, March, and April, the heats are inoJeratid; but in Auguff, and in the li)l!owing ones, they bi-- come fo opprcinvc as tr) alfefl even the native* themfelves. Ihe nights are a little lefs fultry; no: always, however, but only when the fea-brec/c Icii in. It is then, that rhe inhabitants of the colon)' breath a frcfiier air; yet this . r in our clinut; would fecni a burning vapour. The n\/,\\\'i arc ncvcrthcldi .dKaiX. M. SAUGNIER's VOYAGES to the COAST of AFRICA. 157 neverthclcfs troublefomc, notwirhftanding the com- (ortl of the tea-brcezc. The inllant the fun is fet, {he inhabiunt* are aflailcd by an infinity of gnats, - «hich arc calkd mufquiros ; their flings arc very painful, nnd their multitude incredible. The inha- bitants find but a poor defence in their gauze cur- tains- 1 hey generally bcfmcar themfclves with but- ,fr, which defends them from their flings. There is no gooti water in the country ; the inofl jirreeablc J» brought tbity leagues down the river, aiid through the moll infectious fwamps. Wells ait du^ in the fand to the depth of five or fix feet, , bv ihis means they obtain water ; but notwithfland- in2 all the trouble they are at to freftien it, it ftill ntains a brackifli lafte. There is a fpring of good water four leagues above Gcndiolc, upon the w;iy (rom Scncp;al to Gorce ; but which is rot large fnou(;h to be of general utility. The meat is in tfiicral vcr) bail, and the hlli has a peculiar ill taflc: il not dri fled the day it is caught, it mufl be thrown away. I" refpccl to the negroes lood, the females poll nil millet in wooden mortars upim the fand, but then it is fo ill prepared, that it grates between the iccth. liu- trade at this time was chiefly monopolized bv tliiec I'.uiopean houies. The firil was thecom- .,ji5. s houlV, whiLh, btfides the cxclulivc |>rivilcge ol the j;um-;radf, dealt alio in flavcs. This houfc vas ciuainly the inofl conilderable, but withal- the vorll re!;ulated ; the perfons who had been fent by the company having no knowledge whatever of this conmurcc. tt «.is therefore the leaft formidable. The Ic^oiid of M. Auhry dc la Fofl'c, of Nantz, was littler lon.lucied. With a finalkr flock they ear- ned on a more conflderablc trade; rhc fupcrintend- antc of till- houfc was -Mnmitted to M. Vigneux, lomioriv captain of a wiip from Nantz. He was ; the perlbn, who taking the advantage of M. Saug. . nier's unhappy fliipwreck, which happened in the year r;^-), had madcone of thofefurprilingly lucni- tivr barijains, which allure to many of his country- iTicn to their ruin. He made alio, in the years 1785 and \-}^<^, Icveral highly advantageofed of hurdles laid upon "rofs-btn, liipportcd by forked flakes at the height of about a foot from the ground. Here the flaves fleep pro- milaiouily, men, women, girls, and boys. A fire IS made in the muldlo of the hut, which is filjed «uh linokc, and very uflentive. 1 he men arc tall, and the women *re accounted No. i<|, the handfomed negrefles of ail Africa. The Sene- galians may be confidered as the mofl courageous people of that part of the world, without even" ex- cepting the Moors. Their courage, however, is more nearly allied to temerity tha 1 bravery. In the courfcof the voyage to Galam, thi y meet the grcatefl: dangers with g.iiety and fong; iSey dread neither mufquct nor cannon, and are equa.'v fcarlefsof the cayman or crocodile. Should any of their com- panions be killed, and devoured by thefe animals before their face, they are not deterred from plung- ing into the water, if the working of the ftiip re- quire it. Thefe excellent qualifications, which dif- ttnguifli them, and on which they value themfclves fo much, do not however prcfcrve them from the common contagion of the country, which inclines them all to rapine. They arc emulous to furpafs one another in iill the ans of over-reaching and fraud. Thecondud of the Europeans has, no doubt, encouraged thefe vices, as much as the lellbns of the marabous, who inculcate ihc duty of plundering the chriflians whenever they can. The Yolof negroes of Senegal arc a compound of chnflianity and mahometanifm. Thofe on the con- tinent are of the fame way of thinking, and their religious practices are kept up only for the fake of form. A bar of iron, or a few beads, will make them change their opinion at will. By fuch means are they acted upon ; a lufficicnt proof of their want of all religious principle. The marabous, or priefls, and the mtn of their law. arc no better thaa the reft. The colony of Senegal is furroundcd with iflands, which, on account of the proximity of the fi. i, arc all more unhealthy than that on which the town is built. They are full of flanding pools, that, whea dried up by the lun, exhale a putrid vapour that carries mortality with it, and defolates thefe iflands. It is doubtlefs the fame caufc that takes off fo many of the b rench at Senegal, during the dangerous fea- fon of the year. This alfo may be in part occafloned by the bad quality of the water which flows from the ponds in the neighbourhood of the colony, and though incorporated with that of the river, comes down little agirated by the current, and is ealily diflinguilhed by a vapidnefs of tafle. None of the Ircncli at Senegal, belonging to the feveral houfes of commerce, being inclined to make the voyage to Galam, (a place of conliderablc trade) becaulc none of them had ever been in that part of the country, M. Saugnicr rcfolved to undertake it himfelf. He law how muCh fupcrior the other houfes were in point of funds and refources, and fought therefore to obuin, Tome how, an advan- tageous foundation for his. This point could be gained only by acquiring an accurate knowledge of the country. He hoped, by that means, that though unable to fland a competition in the colony, he fliould at Icafl in the trade on the river have a de- cided advantage over every other houfe. He detcr> mined then to fet ofl' for Galam. While they were waiting the arrival of the Furet, they were employed incolledling fait for themfclves, and for the k>i%'* fhip which was bound up the river. This traffic of fait is carried on at the bar of Senegal; the articles of exchange are, fwords, gunpowder, balls, flints, and glafs w are. On the i6th of July the fleet got under way, and failed up the river. It coniifted of 37 veflels. freighted by the inhabitants j together with a vcffel of 50 tons, called the Moor, belonging to Paul Benis ; the great bark of Nt Vigneux,fuperintendant of the houfe of Aubry, of Nantz, burthen 180 tons, and a king's (hip, called the Bienfaifant, Capi. Thevenor, an inhabitant of Senegal, carrying the cufloms or dues for the feveral princes of the country. The company, ever flow in their operations, had not yet any velTels ready, when the Furet brig ap- ipaared in view. The fame day that fhe came before the fort Ihc entered the ri*er. They proceeded im- * R r mediately M fc^''',i 15: ;; mf \^: /f •! H i ' !■ 'I*!!!! V:T^\ 158 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. !i mediately to unload her. She was then repaired, and loaded for the flavc trade. On the 1 6th ot Augufl M. Saugnier embarked on board the veflcl. and failed from Fort Louis. This vcflcl was of 70 tons burthen, light and an excellent failer ; (he had a crew compofcd of 34 laptots, (that itf negro failors) four gourmets, (i. c. omcers) a lin- guift, a carpenter, a mate, fix pileufes, (i. e. women cooks) and a dozen of rcpafl'es, (i. e. negro children uho (erve aboard iliip like cabin boys). The governor of Senegal, Count de Repintigny, had engaged M. Saugnier to «olle tiz(*d according to the cuftom of the negroes, and all thofc who had not before paflcd that place were obliged to fubmit to the fame ceremony. At the fame time they made M. Saugnier fire a falute with his fmall train of artillery, confiding of fix fwivels, with fix French and fome £ngli(h wall-pieces. In order to perform this ceremony with due pomp, the linguift, accompanied by two gourmets, cad anchor and aflemblcd the crew. He caufed all the artillery to be charged, filled a vafe with water from the river, and threw it at three feveral times upon different parts of the (hip. At each operation, in order to render the ceremony as augud as poflible, a falute was fired ; 2nd after the bapiifmal rites were per- formed upon the vefTcL, the fame linguid proceeded to baptize thofc who had not yet made the voyage: thefc are commonly the whites and the repafTcs. He fprinkled water of the river on my chin and fore* head : a ccremon,, which was announced by a general difcharge of the artillery. In ihort, to clofe this fe(\ivity with becoming cheer, M. Saugnirr gave the crew a pref'ent of good liquor. Their Hoop now joined them, and the evening was fpcnt in good cheat and hilarity. They had fcarcely got down to the cabin, in order to take a little refl, when the laptots of the watch gave them notice, that they heard a noife of oars on the river. They inAantly were on the look-out, and foon faw that it was a canoe rowed by negroes, who ufcd every effort to come up with them. As foon as they got on board, they informed them that he boat U Malcine, belonging to Scipio, the maffcr of his vcfTel, had runasround and funk, ten leagues beyond Fodors that Admet Modar, kino; of the TrnfTarts, a Moorifli tribe, claimed half tne goods favcd from the wreck, giving no better reafon than that fuch was the will of God, (ince he had fuifered the vcfTcl to be wrecked on the coaft. M. Saugnier immediately wrote to the Count dc Repintigny, governor ot Senegal, requeuing he would Hive him his inflrudlions how to act on the occalion i and having given the negroes fomcthing ro eat, inflantly ordered them away tor the colony. As M. Saugnier was dcfirous to wait at Fodor for the governor's an- fwer, before he fhouid come to any uecilive agree- ment with Admct Modtar, he declined proceeding, but anchored oppofitc the village of Reims. During the evening they had good game. At five in the morning, the wind frenicning confidcrably, the vefTel drove at her anchors, and f^randcd on the Moorifli coafl. In confcquencc thereof chey lod an anchor, and notwithftanding all the pains they took thev could never lay hold of it with the drag. This river is full of fandbanks, and it is only off Doumoni that there is caufe for real apprehenfions. Thtfc I fmall trading velTels arc hauled afhore every night and when it is ncceffary to proceed, the negmtiioon fct them afloat, by plunging into the water and pufhing them off. It often happens that in thii operation fome are drowned j but this is the otil. method they know, and they conlider it as the readied and lead laborious. They proceeded on their way, and faw on an exttn five plain a Moorifli camp, confiding of 80 or 100* tents: thefe people feemed dcfirous to difpofe of fome cattle and captives, but there was no tinie to treat with them. On the 19th they faw the village of Berne, fituatcd on the Moorifli coaft, near thedefart of Zaara, which extends to this part of the river. On leaving the defart, on the oppofite ftiore they faw the village of Brae, belonging to ihe king of the Walon lu-grocs The prefent prince had been minifler to the formtr king, whom he caufed to be afTafTinated by the Moor, of Halicory, king of the Bracnars. It was under the fpecious pretence of public good that he fcized upon the throne : but his treachery coft him hii life J for having fome difputcs with Halicory, the latter caufed him to be drangled a few months aftc, the departure of M. Saugnier. On the 20th they arrived at Podor, and found the IherifT's boat there, which put to lea as foon a^ they were in fight. M. Saugnier went in the evening on fliore to the fort, where he was received by Adinet Moiltr, king of the Trafliirts. I his haughty prince. departing from hit original demand, infidcd tha the whole of fliipwrecks belonged to him: not con- tent with a fbare. he would have all, and even al. ledged that the very laptots were his captives, and wanted to compel M. Saugnier to pay their ranfom whom bethought to intimidate with menaces, hop' ing to become nuder of all the merchandize which Scipio's laptots had faved Irom the wreck, and which the commandant at Fodor had been weak cnoui-h to deliver to him. He was deaf to all reafon, and threatened to attack M. Saugnier, if his wilhcs wirc not complied with : but M. Saugnier, before he had left the vcflel to go to the fort, had put her in a ftate of defence, the fire-arms having been all pre. pared for an engagement. M. Sauynier now fccretly commanded the mate to allure as many Moon on board the veflel as he could, then to difarm and fccure them. In the mean time Admet Moctar, en- raged at the inflexibility of M. Saugnier, fcnt one ot his olBcers to his brother, with orders to fcizcthe veflcl ; which orders he fuppofcd M. Saugnier «ai ignorant of, fuDpoling him unacquainted with his language J but M. Saugnier, framing fome pretence withdrew from the alfcmbly, and difpatched a trull,' negro to apprifc the mate of the prince's villainv; and dill to allure as many more of rhc Moors as he could, and when he had difarmed to fecure than, Scipio well undcrdanding the Arabic language, mu mediately comprehended the prince's dciigni and having not only reproached, but even threatened him, made an abrupt departure : but as foon as he had reached the veflcl, he perceived the princes brother both difarmed and in chains j and tindm that the crew were in perfed fafcty by thcfc pre! cautions, he returned to the fort. Mean time M, Duchozcl, commandant of Podor, being informed of this prince's manoeuvres by M. Saugnier, put a detachment under arms, and rejwiring to the prince, affiired him, tf it if he did not immediately maiie up matters with M. Saugnier, feral confcqucncfi mud enfue. as he would never permit a vcfTcl ofhu nation to be attacked under the cannon of the fort he commanded. This alarmed .Admet Modlar, par- ticularly as he undcrdood that all the negroes of the village had taken up arms in defence of the ere*, and that all his foldicn were dil^riiicd. M. Sau^mcr, ■, - ; ■ furrouiiJctl M. SAUGNIER's VOYAGES to the COAST op AFRICA. 159 furrounded by the bravcA of his men, with his pillois primed and loaded, now upbraided him in hit own language, for his villainous deftgns. This confounded him more, and he began to cringe ind make pramifi-s. M. Saugnier infilled upon a rcftitution of the eft'eds which he had fcized, which the prince having made ufc of, faid that he could not comply with this demand, but that he would willingly return Scipio the full value of whatever vu fcized t to do which, an engagement was now figncd by himfrif and minifters ; alfo by his bro- ther, who was in confequcnce thereof liberated. M. Saugnier then invited the prince on board ; but ap- prehcniivc ef being detained as his brother was, he never ventured to pay him a vifit. His brother, however, Sydy Heli went en board, to whom M. Saugnier flicwed the force of his lirc-arms. In the evening, after pruking of fomc rcfrclhmcnts, he departed. The next day as they were making fail, they per- ceived Scipio's boat, which was jull returned with the governor's orders from Senegal. M. Saugnier now landed and went to admit Modlar, who ligned a fecond engagement fimilar to the fird : the prince, as atonement for the pall, made M- Saugnier a pre- fcnt of (WO oxen, ten iheep, and fomc odrich fea- iheri. Mc alfo hoped to fee him again, when he returned from Galam, which M. Saugnier promif- ing, they took leave of tzz'n other with mutual good- humour. On the 24th, Scipio (with M. Saugnier's per- milTioiO diredcd lis courfc towards the wreck of hii veilcl, in hopes offaving fomeihing: the crew Hcre employed for the chief part of the day in weighing her, but finding it inipoflibic to get her ailoac, they were content with taking out the main- mid, bo^iprit, rudder, and anchor. The next day the)r loft an excellent diver, of the name of Bacary, who having plunged into the water on fome trifling cccafion, was never feen more. It was fuppofcd he was carried olfby one of the alligators, or croco- diles, of which the river is full. In the evening they anchored off the village of I>)ngueilc, where three elephants teeth were pur- ihafcd for a fmall uuantity of gunpowder. They then cleared the Devil's Mouth, a rock about a league diflsnt from the village. On the 3 1 It of AuguA they arrived at Saldce. The next day M. Saugnier while efcaping a violent fquall, Humbled over thechefts, and (truck his head sKiinii a table, which occafioocd a fever : the next tjjy, after being blooded, he became delirious, nor recovered his reafon till he arrived at Galam, oa the 4th of Odobcr. Some prcfcnts having been made to Sirman, king ol Galam, M. Saugnier went on ihore to his houfc. li is built of clay, thatched with reeds in fomc parts, terraced in others, and upon the whole commodioudy ronllructed. Here he was treated with fuch atten- tion, that he quickly began to recover his health. He took an airing every day on the banks of the rivtr: two negroes carried him s and when the heat became too troublefome, he returned to his abode, and wat put under a kind of Ihcd, which Ibeltcred him from the rays of the fun. Thr price of flaves being now fixed at 70 bars, pin of which coniiiled of four pieces of guinea-blues, they failed immediately to Tamboucanec, a principal mart for the traffic of negroes and ivory. This vil- b'^( is fituated 1 5 leagues from Galam. The lords nlthcncighbourmg villages, cxafpcratcd againll the Scnegalians, for making Galam the place of their I );cncral rendezvous, united their forces to make an st:ack upon the convoy, which was detained at Sal. I dec on account of the (hnllownefs of the river. The ling's ihip, and that belonging to M. Vigneux had no- yet reached Galam. 'fhe one had Sopped at liaqiicllc, and the other at Cottcr^it. The Furet Ui nc, which drew but fix feet water, was fuificietv;!/ vdl armed to command rcfped. She immediately hoiAed fail and advanced to the alTidance of the convoy. The courage of Scipio, M. Saugnier's captain, was well known among the negro princes, they were afraid of contending with him, nis prefcnce put an end to the fadion and impofed peace upon the negroes. The delay occafioncd by the payment of curtoms at Saldt'e, had proved very prejudicial to them. M. Saugnier was under the neceflity of embarking the 2Sth of Odobeir to go down to Senegal. He had made but little progrefs in the flave-trade 1 howcvcri he procured fix negroes with fome damaged guinea- blues, all of which he fiiould have got rid of, had he been able to protrad his departure : but being unwilling to rilk his fliip, he left Scipio with the long-boat to trade in thecufiomary manner at Tam- boucanec. The king of Galam, v, ho had fliewn him every kind of attention, accompanied him on board. As he had been a Have in Morocco, he looked on him with admiration. The refped in w hich all thefc people hold the Emperor, extended even to his per- fon : this petty mouarch had given up his chamber and a good bed to M. Saugnier, while the whites employed in the convoy on the king's account, were only lodged under llieds. M. Molinard, who was one of them, was an engineer, and was fent out to take a plan of the river, and to explore the gold mines. He fiell ill at Saldec, and died on his recurn irom Galam to Senegal. The king of Galam was very fond of wine, and M. Saugnier regaled him with that liquor every day during his rcfidence in his houfc. He took care, however, not to give him any but at night ; and in order to obtain it, he laid him under the ncccfllty of returning the bottles, on which account he or- dered his people to take the grcatefi care of them. Having attended him on board, he was obliged to be carried back to his village, for he had drank to cxcefs, to prove how much he regretted his depar- ture. This prince had purchafcd of M. Saugnier thirteen beads of coral, half a firing of amber, twenty-eight filver bells, and three pair of bracelets for his women. He was to have paid him in gold or ivory, but having neither of thofo articles, he gave him a fine negro, although the things M. Saug- nier had fold him amounted to no more than fixty- three bars. In acknowledgment of his liberality, M. Saugnier made him a prefent of a fabre, with a piftol in the hilt, of a little wool for his wives, and to his favourite, who alone had borne him fons, alfo fome rows of glafs beads, and about four ounces of fcarlet wool. This favourite pretended to be a chrif- tian. She had formerly been mifirefs to one Labruc, an agent for the fadory of Senegal. 1 he village of Galam is fmall, and known only as the place of meeting of the inhabitants of Senegal, for the purpofe of fettling their mercantile con- cerns, and on account of a wretched fort built by the French in the time of the former African com- pany, the late king of Galam was a freeman among the Saracolets, and formerly a laptot nt Senegal. Confidered by the negroes as a man of bravery, and fpeaking good French, he was placed in the ibrt by tne com^ny in quality of broker. The grand fou- quct of Tuago, chieftain of the country, gave him the abfolutc property of the village of Galam, on condition of his charging himfclf with the receipt of the cufloms paid by European veitciv-. His fun, the prefent king of Galam, was brought up at Sene- gal, and undcrltood French and Englifli perfedly. When the company abandoned the fort, he took poflcflion of the cannon, put himfclf at the head ot a party in the country, became formidable to his fovereign, and laftly, entirely independent. He has fcveral villages fubjcd to his authority. The iaptots of Senegal arc received by him in the nioft cordial manner, and every voyage he detains fome of them by his kindiwfs, particularly thofe belonging to the Saracolet nation, bcin^ willing to give fcveral flaves in cxcliange for one ol thcfe. - < i6o NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. li 5 The tribes, which in thii part of Africa occupy the lands fituatcd between the rivers of Senega! and Gambia, are all of the Saracolet nation. The Sara- colecs acknowledge as fovcreign the grand foiiquet of Tuago. They are a laborioua people, cultivate their lands with care, arc plentifully fupplicd with all the neccflaries of life, and inhabit handfomeand Mcll.built villages; their houfes, of a circular form, arc for the mod part terraced ; the oi|lers arc covered with rccds, as at Senegal ; they are cnclofcd w ith a mud wall a foot thick, and the villages are fur- rounded with one of Hone and earth of double that folidity. There are feveral gates, which are guarded at night for fear of a furpnfe. This nation is re> markably brave, and it is very unctnnmon to find a Saracolet (lave. They always defend themfelvcs with advantage againft their aifaibnts. Such Sara> cnlets as arc expofcd to falc may be fafcly purchafed, for none arc to be met with but fuch as nave been condemned by tlic laws for fomc mifdcmeanor ; in fuch cafe thcfc wretches could not cfcapc flavery, even by taking refuge in their own country ; for they would be reftorcd to their matters, or would be put to death, if the convoy fliould have failed. The relicious principles of this people is netrW •Hied to Mahomctanifm, i»nd (till more to natural religion. They acknowledge one God j and believe that thofe who ftcal, or arc guilty of any crimp, are eternally puniflied. They admit a plurality of wives and believe their fouls to be immortal, like their own. They think lightly of adultery ; for as the» allow themfelvcs feveral wives, they arc not fo up. juft nt to puni(h wonnen *hadiftribute their favouij among feveral gallants ; a mutual exchange is then permitted, one woman may be barrered for another unlcfs (he be free, or a native of the cotmtry. ' On the a4th of Odlobcr M.Saugnier received a mcflTage from Scipio, who perceiveS the water low, ering-it Tamboucanee, advifing htm to quit Galam' The next mornii\g M. Saugnier embarked : however the mateand boatfwain infilled upon Oayinglonm as the laptots had not as yet fold their fait : this obliged M. Saugnier toalTume his authority, parti. cularly as the laptots, who adhered to him, were in- dined to murder thcfc men for difobedience : ho\r. ever the mate and boatfwain, for fear of being put into irons, bccaoK quiet, and having now weighed anchor they fct fail. CHAPTER V. .v^: Tity Jlrike upon a Sand-Bank — EnAaveur to lighten tkt Vtfil in vain — Information ftnt to Scipio — 11^ cmn i, their Aj/i/iante--His furfrifin^ Skill—VefftI got in tfeepWater-^Seifiio takes his Leave— 'Pafs the Villaft tf Baquetlt—Vejfil lofes her Head-way — Founders upon Ibt Rock i —-Captain Memhao fends to their AfftJlame'ljlL Goods thrown overboard — Natives, Laptots, ^c. fhtnder — Af. Saugnier embarks «» board Mamhae's Velfd^jj', Lord of Baquelle's Charalier — Ht vijits M. Saugider—~Behavicur of the grand Pounurt cfTuago—Ijofs tf p^mt Lapltts—M. Saugnier looks to bis ferfinal Safity-^Ht aboard Mambao—drrival of Mafft^^His Miiec, ■uiii:, is followed — Embarks en board the Bienfaifant—M. iatwnitr recovers apace — Their flow Progrefs imftdcd 'h different Ohftticles — /Inxiety for the reft ef the Ceni>eym~fbey get clear of many Sand-Banks — Strile m that If Hdliburum — Veffel lightened— Scipitfs 4rnval at Doamoiu—'fhe Manner b< faved the Veffel that was vjrtikti — Deceives and defies the grand rouquet-^'f7>e Poults ^tacked'-Seipie's Saccefs and good Management— Afprt. henftons abcul the Convoy — Their fafe Arrival-^M. Sauznitr fails for France — Defer iption of Goree — A Saib feized—-M. Saugnier fets off by Land, and arrivtt at Dacar — His RelafJe-—Re:overy'— Arrival at LOritnt. ON the 2 5thof Odobcr, the water having low- ered a foot, they (\ruck upon a fund bank. They now threw their fait overboard, in order to lighten the vcfTel, but it had no effect. M. Saucier therefore difpatchcd a faracolct to inform Stipio of the accident, who arrived the following dav m the afternoon to his afliftance. Previous to this thcv had worked hard for 24 hours to liberate the veflcl. but in vain. Scipio, however, being well acquainted with the river, and having examined all the pafles, confolcd them with hopes of foondifengaging them from their diftre(Iing (ituation. In order to rcfrefh the men, he gave orders that they (liould reft for two hours and repofc themfelvcs, which he likcwifc did himfelf : he then gave the nccelTary diredions, and in Icfs than half an hour the velTcl was got into deep water. He remained on board a whole day, in order to fleer tlicm clear of other dangerous (hoals, which they pafTed without any trouble. He then pointed to the mate and boatfwain fome other parts of the river which were equally dangerous, and hav- ing traced the courfe which they ftiould make, took his leave, in order to continue his traffic at Tam- boucanec. They found the Furet about lO leagues from Galam : flic lay at anchor off Cotterat, no', being able to make her way to Galam for want of water. On the id of November they pafTed the village of Baqii' lie, and entered into the canal of that ifland. The boaifwiiin being incapable of (lemming the current, the vefTel through his imprudence loft her head-way, and about nine in the morning they founilcred upon tlic rocks. At this time there was a Senegal captain, unc Peter Mambao, w*o arrived at liaquelle witli a cargo of fait. Upon feeing their diflrcfs, be immcJiately font out his boat to their allilUncc, on board of which M. Saugnier put the 3 moft valuable of his articles ; one of his chcfts, hou. ever, was loll. The k\\ of the goods were no;, throwing overboard, as the hold of tlic vclie! «u full of water ; while the natives had alTeniblcd ui the bank, in order to plunder whatever they cuulj find. The very laptots began to pillage the peopit, being anxious to indemnify themfelvcs fur the tuil,' they endured, and their wages, which would conft- quently be loft with fhc vefel. M. Saugnier went on board Mambao't veflcl, which was about half a league diftant from his own. Amadi Tkioncoli, lord of Baquelle, of inCimous charadlcr, now dertrtrtined to take advantage oi their unfortunate fituation. He came to M. S.iugnur on board Mambao's (hip, and made him a tcn()crfli his houfe, »nd a good warehoufc to ftorc the goods he had iiivcd. All the Senegal lans alfurcd him he- might rely upon his vord ; to which he was indecl compelled by nccclliiy. Every thing prefervcd from the wreck was carried to the Houlc of this prince. The next day M. Saugnier went on (here, and re- paired to the vHUjIte of BaquClle, being prefTcd hy Amadi's folicitationi, and perceiving that Mambao was unwilling to cxpofe himfcif any longer on his j account. He was accommodated with a kind of j j tent, that while it fcrccncd him from the heat ol' fhc fun, admitted the (refh air ; and on the lirlt day he was treated with the greateft rcfpei.1 and at- tention. The grand fouquet of Tuago, being informed by his fon, who had owrtj fomc days on board the vtlTJ, j of M. Saugnier'* miatortune, came to Baquelle uitli a numerous efcort of cavalry to fharc the plundtr. This king pretended, according to thecuftomof thi: Moors, that the veiTcl, freight, crew, with M. Sau^'- nicr himfblf, were all become his property. 11^ would have taken immediate poirelTion of the prin- cipil nearly n«Nral believe ^f, are 'f wives, !c their as they 'oun. favouij '» then mother. I' J a V' j ii fi^nM'f 3^'-™ ,S i f .11 : •< A*. :> ':^^Sk:' ^V »- ■!S I' . l^ ■H m^ -% /Jfflra . ». •i(^-.fr > M. Si lipal articles, hat [he return of Sci| M. Saugnier li Galam, todeliver (hele princes ti\al Morocco, and th; upon them the ventured* to offer On account of proper to defid : hislaptots; Ihcy (purt-yard, and^ prildpcrs. M. £ being very ill wa negroes. 'rhfre were but pier's crew, four the vfflel was wr toi'avfthe powde blew up upon dci hands was lo def[ iifxt dsy, and tl wcif near hin) wt one of ilieni reco t,i c:>rry on the piilial to Scipii mn, and the corr il,{ liicntaiCanr, b ihcmnf his fiiuati tttie able to worl 10 wpifili his vif bad cut the ri^Ri woulJ not liavc ( tempt. M. 'S.nigi for a reinforcenu'i fmliaiijflm'-nt. ^ in Uilca's loii(r-b Willi tiitir c()uriijj( attempt every thii jt rieven o'clock i (licwiiolc flight. ^.1d miftrably fcutched that only pi-f of iliem recovered. Ihe rell were with Scipio, t,i cnry on the fljvc-trade. A courier was dif- rjidicil to Scipio; likcwife to M. Vigneux's cap- mn, and the commandant of the King's fljip called lie l)icnt,ii(anf, by M. Saugnicr's orders, to apphfe ihem (it his fiiuation, for having but 1 3 laptots that ucie able to work, he could not make any attempt to wrigh his vifl'i:! j bilides, the Saracolets, who had cut the ri^^ginR and t.iken away the cordage, woulJ not have lullcicd them to make fuch an at' tempt. M- Satignicr was therefore obliged to wail f.r » lei"*'" cement, to extricate himfelf from his fml)aiijflm''nt. bix or (evin lefolutc laptots ariived in lUici's long-buat ; who, being well acquainted vitli tlicir couriige, had fent them, with orders to attempt every thmg for their afliftance: they came itrltvrn o'cl.'ck in the moining, having travelled the wliolc night. 'I hey told M, Saugnier that they hA Iftn his vilTcl ; that the Saracolets having en- tirily plundered her anil taken away all her rigging, theic WAS now no temcdy for his misfortune; that it miw bihoved him to look to his pcrfonal fafcty, tince lie was.4^ilt left at liberty; their iloop, they dclirecl him to obferve, was well armed \ they were roiiii;, they at'ded, to take the merchandize which M.Snii;nicr had left on hoard Mambao, and they advifeti him to endeavour by all means to embark «iili tliiiii. Having ac'qut>:(ced, ii about two hours hetciclicil Mambao's vedtl. 'I he guard, who faw liim Riling out, did not ijppofe his i^affagc, either throu(;h a luppofition that he was iK-o weak to at- tcnifi an elcapc, or owing perhaps toihi- confidera- tion and relpcd which they piy the f^iiipcror of Morocco, ami which might deter them hom otter- mt; violeticc to a man who had belonged to him. iJeihe ri-tlon as it may, \1. Saugnier rracih'd the biiiks of the river withoui meeting any nuiltftation, andlrom thence got aboard Mambio. In the even- inij he cinb liked with his merchandize. They kept rndnuh}; the whole night t and on the 7th, about nine o\ lock in the mnrnmg, reached the veflel which u)i under the comm.md of Balca. Tiievill.igeof Haquel^ is exceedingly flrnng and beautiful. 1 he Areett are wide ind llraight ; the huts lire all of earth, liirrounded with great co"...9, I and are almun all terraced. The (tardens are de- lightful, and well lituated : they offer to the view I along the river the nuift agreeable of profpe^s. Thm vill.ige contains about jooo inhabitants ; and if one may give the name of town to (he habitations of tlicfc countries, Daquelle will ceitainly ilaiid in I tlic (oicniofl rank, it is the beft fortified of all that are lituated along the banks of (he Niger. Whin M. Saugnier had taken a little reft, he was linfornird of the arrival of Maffe, a mulatto of Scne- Igal, wlu) was one of his gourmets. He had run |i»ayfiom Uaqueile with nis boat, carrying with No. 1^. him at the fame time about 800 pounds of ivory, forty pieces of guiney-blueS, a few mufquets, and a barrel, containing about 100 pound weight of gun- powder. Three refolute laptots (among whom was Sagot) had been the companions of his flight. Two of thefe laptots were Saracolets. They had con- cealed the cloth in their knapfacks, and Mafle, who was a dextrous fellow, had obtained from the lord of Baquelle permifllon to follow M. Saugnier, by infinuating to that prince, that fince M. Saugnier was no longer in his power, he would do well to permit him to join him ; that this afUon on the part of the prince would appeafe his refentment, and that as he was ignorant of the negro language, and that as he (Maffe) ferved him as interpreter, the prince could not adopt a better viftrument to make him forgive and forget the part. Maffe did not lofe his pains ; and fcarcely liad he obtained this per' miffion, than without mentioning to any perCun his intended departuie, he repaired to M. Saugnier's boat, which the people of the country imagined be- longed to Mambao, and with all poflible diligence embarked with the merchandize above mentioned. Scarcely had he fet fail, when he was pUrfued from the village of Baquclle by a body of men, who fired upon him, but were too Late to prevent his cfcape. He reached the middle of the river, and failed the whole night without meeting any accident. Maffe, on his arrival on board the vcffel of Bafca, made enquiry after the King's fliip-, and having learnt that it was at no great dillancc, he propofcd to M. Saugnier to embark on board the boat, in order to overtake her. This M. Saugnier imme- diately did, as hisprclcnt fltuation was exceedingly difagreeable. He cnibaiked with him in the night, having no more than the three laptots above mentioned. His Iwivtls were in order, mounted upon the gunwale of the bo.it, and charged, in cafe of an attack. His people were all armed, each with a double barrelled mulquet, and he proceeded, confiding eniiicly in their care. They were 37 hours under fail. They arrive'.! on the i4fh, at Icven in the morning, and went >)n board tfie Bicnfaifant, commanded by l hc- venot, a wealthy inhabitant of Senegal. C.ipt. Thevenot endeavoured, by his kind atten- tions to M. Saugnirr, to mitigate his dillrcfs. His veffel, fitted out folcly for the purpofe of paying the duties, was well armed and commodious. M. Saugnier was well lodged ; had a good table, and being longer expofed to theilew, nor to the ardour of the fun, his fever, which was folely the confe- qut.ice of a weaknel'', anting from the continual fatigue he had fu long undergone, vifibly abated. After having been eight days on board, it left him entirely. 1 he river gradually loweiing, and the vdltl drawing nine feet water, Thevenot deter- mined to ufc 'lie greatcrt fpccd to return and avoid the (hoals, which are frequent in the river. Not- withdanding his inccffaiit c.«re, together with the experience of the hoatlwain, who was then on his 45th voyage, and the luiinteriupted labour of the laptots, they made but little way : different obliacles impeded their progrefs. To complete their misfor- tunes, when they ariived at Saldce they were in* formed that a party of the I'oules were determined to (lop the convoy. This intelligence induceil the captain to depart immedi.Ucly, w ithoiit flaying to t»'n.\- any millet on board. They touched the ground at the paffageof the giand canal, ten leagues bclov/ Saldee. The I'uulcs, who had fcen them, came to wait for them near the Devil's- mouth : they hoped to furprife them here; but when they founded the two channels which run through this rock, every one fet to woik, and they fuun dilirngaged thcr.- felves. The captain had taken care to put thccrrgo and trunks on a point of the rock which 1 ifcs in the middle of the river, nor could the Poulei get at it to plunder. They loft, however, the fmall qiuntiry o| millet, which, according to culluni, is gincrally * S I left Mi rl-U 1 Mi mk^'' k 'ill i ;■ Si a' ^. ' ' • f ', fHfl Hf^v| i If l62 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS; left on the Moorilh coaft, to lighten the veflel when near this dangerous paffage. The liicnfaifant was the firll veffcl which returned; but they were not witliout fears tor the rcll : they difpatched an ex- preib by land, to inform the remainder of the convoy ot the meai'ures which had been taken to attack and Juipi ife tliem J but this meffcnger, who was one of tiic tnhc of the Ponies, was better pleafed <.o ttop near the rock, and fliare in the plunder of the con- voy, than to warn tlie vcffeis of the danger. They itceivtd no news from their companions, nor did they iec any of the convoy, which made them fear that the whole had been flopped. Aftir having got clc.u of many fanj-banks, they ftruck again on that of Haliburum. It then became nctcflaiy to lighteu the velR-l, and they employed half the day in that bulineis. At night they law the b«>at of the Paul, Captain Sc. Jean. He had been attacked at the rock, bu: as his velTel drew buf little water, and his trew was numerous, he pafled without lols. He informed M. Saugnler that his partner Scipio, the day alter his departure, liaJ ariivcd at Daquelle ; that he had weighed liis vcfTcl, i'aved tlic cargo, and would be with them foon. On the i ith of December he arrived at Doumons, the gcneial rendezvoub of the convoy on their return from Galam. On the ai rival ot M. Saugnier's courier at Tani- boucance, Scipio dcpofitcd his mcrcliandize on bo.ird the dilicrent bcncgalian velU-ls, and putting a (top to his traflic, came oil witli his lapiots in the bolt. Scipio lafliad ot Lnding at IJ.Kjueile. wfiit with his UK-n to c.xauime the villcl which was ktt lijicin thi- rc.tks i iiom thence he lepaiied to 1 uago, and pitlcittCLt liuulcU b"»orc the graiui fouqiut, niacic him a tender ot Ins fcrviccs, and piomiled to fpcnd his who', lite with him. Thepiuice, glad to engage a man of luch couiagc ami leputacion, leciivi.i hull with the greaielt pohtetiels. Scipio, tinding him ililpolul as he could willi, icpndciiteil that lie could not tlo him any efTeiuial Iti \ ICC, uiilds M. Saugnier's fhip wasiirlUiearctI liom the lotks; that, by means of repairing the vilLI, lie might espeditioiiily traniport his tioops whtic the war ri ipiircd tiiem ; that his iieiglibours, and the goveini'is < f the dilicrcnt pio\intes, would by this imans be taught to hold iiim in gicatcr feai, and leain to rcipect hisauthoiity ; that Siinun him fclf would loon iciuin to his ('uiy, particularly vhcii he fhouid peiceive that the Seneg.ilian lapuiis W(ie united agaiiiii lum to bring hiiii tu luhmillion. Tl.cfc iiiialures were approved of by the prince j and Scipio, in order to bring about his dcligns, le- coveicd the cordage w hich Ijie iiaracolets l.j aken away; ai.d with tli'iir aflilhnce luieceded, atur much labour, in heaving down the vcllcl upon the land.' lie then rtiiutlletl the gland fiuKjuet to ic- llore Itim his laptits, who being moie expert in jiaval matters than the Saracoli-ts, wnuKt facilitate the rep.iiis of the vtflel while theconvny lemained; a thing impi iTiIjIc io illtc't after their depaituie for Senegal. The K'ld ot lianuillc icieived an order, aiid let the l.ipiots go. \N Ith their aliillance, bcipiii turned the flup keel upwaids; and ievcral Scncga- lian vetleis, among the rcil the Moor, coming by, he bo. I owed a UdlieKnt number ol laptots, got her up igiip, alter liaviiig repaired tiie ila.'iuge her krcl had iiill'eied, dilmillid the Saiacolcis, vtliu had been very iikful to him, and made towards Hatjutlle. Heing called upon to tullil his enagriiirnts by the guiul totupiet, he rrplieJ, that if the touipici was kiug on laiul, i.>.' w.is iiiuiuicli on the river, aiK I now ready lor battle: he dildaiiied, he laiil, to be a Have to a negii king! The vi-fiel no longer leaKul i Seipio, with iKiic but his own lapiolj c,n board, mouud licracioMthe principal paflagcs of tlic livei, and waited for iheiciuinod vcfkK. I Ir- felt liimlVIt too luudi obliged to St. jean to iletaiii ills lapiuis, and as luou ai the vcfld had uudcigone her repairs fent them back to him. He then forced the laptots belonging to il-.c convoy to come on board him, and fummoned the lord of Raqmlje to reftore him all the merchandize that he haj ny^ loined by trick, or taken by force. Amadi, at lirft' hefitated ; but conlented the moment hefawScipi' was about to make a delccnt in order to (et his vi^ lage on fire, and to carry olT whatever fliould cnme in 'lis way. He gave b.tck the goods, of which M Saugnler had taken an account in writing; and re ftorcd bclides two barrel:, ot gunpinvdcr, of loolb* weight each, which was forgot in the catalogue. " The Senegal captains were not inclined to cxpofc their failors in M. S lugaicr's behalf; but thofc biavt fellows, aceullomcd to li_;;!t uiid.r the command of Scipio, and acknowledging no other le.idcr but him could not reconcile to tliciufelves the idea ot abm' domiig him. lieiides I hey hid hopes of plunder I " •attacking the village ot llu)uel!e, and they bclicvel theiiileives to bo iliviiuible under his orders. V ■■ thing being in readiaeu tor the (mCet, Scipio w' to proceed do»n the river. Ijio army ot Tiii't'' was already drawn otu upon the bank. Ihe pi,") fouquet wanted to t ike vo;igcante on Scipio aU I hoped that wiih Imall arms alone he fhou!;l be i'll to pievfiit iii'^ p^iliage; li;:t ilie balls only j-ra/,,'^,!'',:!; fhip.thobariicido kept Seipio's men in latuy' ,r,'| his I'wivels, from which Ievcral di(chaig mm intormcil him, that tC ■laiiiplii!i. ildLitisiicil witii ihc dillnbution vi Hi iluties made t;y the al.nimy, wcie aUcmljicd lu--' tl.ci ; that forming a Uiirneiotis body, tJicy wuj'j at the ruik for the utiirn of the vcllelsi. Scipio Jc ici mined anew tiil.er to contjuer or die. Ilcil,! patched Uveial cxpiellVs to the other (hips of tl.i ci'iuoy. to prevail .n them not to fail but in "j bojy. Ill oilier to lepj the attacks of the I'onlc, As his veflel drew too much wat(r to wait for lie convoy, he detirmiiicd toliil piepared for c\cry event Ilia dthgn was to make himfelf nulkr of the paflage; to ic(i(l at that poll every attempt,)'' the enemy, and to wait iheie the anival r]t i]l convoy. He hoped, with theallihaucc of thcl,»iia"i Iroin ."Senegal, li. itpel the combiiicd foicc ot ti;c Poules, and to indemnity himfclf for tlielolFcsii the vo)age by the tapuites nude on this pcoric but ciitum(lancesclun,;ed hiii lelolutioii. Hisac.v wcie coiilideiahly liin.mil.'ied, having lolt live dk ■ and M. Saiignier taken wiili hini thiee, tD'cili-r with a gourmet : there now lemained only's:'!),, board, the greater patt of whom were (o rtiljccd by the fatigue attendant on (ueli a dangeroui vov. age, that little dej.eiidente couM bo placed oil tlitr aliillance. In this dilemma he armed the nc>;ruit i he had retaken on boaid of Mjuibao; and aul.c« were his touiiM J men. being fiom Baabini. hchiunj no dilliciilty in determining ihciii to light, inci- of an att.iek on the part of the Poules. 'lljvu.i thu> retidved, he advanced with confidence to tlir. ! pait ot the river wheic he knew the ncgii.csw.ij waiting lo plunder the fhip. J-our leagues bdrtJ he anived at the rock he call anchor, ami tn,k poll in a wood with twelve lelolutc laptots inoiJa tM rcconiiuitic the motions of the enemy, lie: he luipiiled two princes, who wcic going to j, the forces of the Poulcs j tairied them on \>i,i, his vellel, and put them in irons. He then wcigiid anchor, and appeared at l.ven in the morPtfl,,! m I that pjitof the tliannel tthcie the water ttiiiiijit deep. I As (don as lie iiad reached the rock, he fjw bita (ides of the river lined vwtli an innumerable miilii.l tilde of Poulcs, lliouting with joy, and prcpjii.vl to opptife his paliage. Tic remained, accoidiii^; [A hi» lu(t intention, the whole day inactive on boarJif M. SAUGNIER's VOYAGES to the COAST of AFRICA. 163 at night he founded the channel, found there was a foot Itfs water than the velTel drew. At day-light he retired into the ward-room, from whence he heard the exultations and threats of the Poules. He was now undetermined what part to aCt. His courage yrjred him to the battle, but he had not men enough to enable him to go on ftioreand repel his numerous enemies. He had recourfc then to (Iratagcm. and lucccedcd. At fun-fet, after having obfcrvcd the I'pot where the tanipfirs that commanded the Poules were ftatioiicd, he fwam on fliore with a fabrc ftuck in his girdle, and his mufquet on his head, accom- uanied by twelve of his crew. He attacked the Poules, who iiirtantly tied, and took prifoners fix princes, who were not able to make their cfcape. He t'l'-'" o^l'g*"^ them to fwim to the veffel, where tdcj were put in irons. The next morning the Poules, perceiving that fcvtral of their chiefs were wanting, fent a man aboard : Scipio (hewed the princes to iheir meftlnger, and itefired him to inform the tampfirs, that if they continued to attack and moleft hin» in his bufincfs, i.; was determined tocut oH the heads of the captives; jl^'it as for him. he did not fiar them ; that he would ,ji[ tor the convoy, and that thi.-n, fettiii;; (ire to |)js \clUI, he would open the pafs, and, aideid by the Senegal I ■»"*, inalFacrc all the Poules that oppol'ed hini.' N^'hen this refolution was reported to the chiefs. I hey thought projxr to fend a fecond mef- Icni'cr "' Scipio, in order to tell him, that if hi- »oiiM reiK)rc the princes, he (hould meet .uth no liirilKr iiiolcftation. Uut Scipio, not tiartiiif; to nurc proinifcs, retufed to hearken to thi ir reqiielt. Ilfalliircd them, that if he was not moU-(k-d, he soiikl liberate the nril'oners as foon as he padld the pitki which fatislied the Pi)ules, who now did not d.irc to interrupt his progri'('s. During the courfe „i iHo days the water lowttv >l more and more every hour, and the padage became Ufs and Icfs practica- ble. In order tii fiicteed, it was nc eflary to luhten the veti'el ; but as there was no place to dcpodt the n\trcliahJi/v, the banki o( the nvcr being covered mtli enemies, Scipio, in order to fave the (hip, jrtcd ii> give the lamplirs j j pieces of guiney blues, liiloublL-harrellctl mufquets, I4 barrels of gun- powJir, and 10 tulils of the better kind. As a furety lor the perlormant c of the capitulation, he rciiuired that the Ion of the tamplir who commanded the troops (liould he nut into his hands: this was inltaiulv coni|>litd with j and the I'oulcs themfelves allil^cd hiin to get through this dangerous palfage. fhey remained lix days at Doumons, waiting for the convoy ; while fcveral couriers were difpatchcd to obtain intelligence, but 10 no purpofe. Having concluded that tnc convoy was loH, they continued ihcir courfe to Senegal, being fix vefllls in company. Srarcely had they arrived at Podor, when they re- ceived intelligence that the whole convoy had en. icrcd into a capitulation at the rock, and that they would ((wn api>car in (ight -, which three days alter ihfir aTival at Podor they found to be true. In addition, however, to M. Saugnicr's misfor- luiKs, the vellel aboard of which Scipio had left his mcrchatuti/.c at I'amboucanee was loll, and that vihich contained his ivory pillaged at the rock. Ihr >;uveriM}r had appointed the marcpiis ot Ike- una commandant of the fort Podor, in the rw)m of M. Diichoiel. He arrived the day on which M. tiau^^nicr appeared before that place. M. Duchoxcl cmbarktd with M. Saugnicr j and alfo the company's ijjcntat Podor. The latter would not proceed in till.' company's vclFels; and M. Saugnicr received hmi on account of hii lituation, notwithlhnding the iniuries he had received from the direc'lors of Senegal. They fct fail from Podor with a (air and a Itiong current, which foon brought them to the colony, where they arrived the 24tn of December, ;ili6, alter a tcdiuui and difai^rccabie voyage. •■■( Jt is thought that Podor, on account of the air, is the moft dangerous (pot in all this part of /Xfrica. Tlic village, and the fort, arc fituatcd on the banks of the river, in the territory belonging to the Poules, The fort, which forms a circle, with four touer.s, was conllruded by the linglilli; It has no ditch, and being at the dilhince of 200 toifcs from the river, may, in cafe of hodilities with the Poules, eafily be cut off Irom the water. It is confequently of no utility, lincc it can neither protect the velfels that pafs the river, nor be relieved by them. 'I he unwholefomencfs of the air is occalioncd by the fiirrounding fwamps, which arc fcarcely ever dried up. M. Saugnier finding a return of his cotnplainr, determined to return to l-'raiice for the recovery of his health: accordingly he waited an opportunity, and Capt. Cloui^t Uubuifon, of Havre, commander of the I'uret, which had been repaired, (and which, after remaining; a month at Cioiee, and the Cape de- Verd Kliuuls, was to proceed diii( tly (or ll.ivre) having o lie red hiin a pull'a<;e, he ac eptcd it. About eleven o'clock they got out to lea, and the next d.iy at ei;;ht in the morning anchored in the harbour of Goree. This illand is only adefert rock, and totally unproductive. There arc, however, a few i^arvlens, whu h liirnilh a litile fallad. It is delliiute of water, alth.jugh indfed there are thiee fmall lprin|.',s on the mountain, which are (guarded with great care, referved for the conunandant, and furnilli water only for his ufe. The commandants arc often lb inhumm as to refufe water to their countr/men, even when they have more than they have occalion for themfelves. Scarcely had the Furct fct fail before M. Saug- nier oblervcd on (horc a failor of a very fufpicious appearance. Having him feizcd by the negroes, and brought btlbre the commandant, he acknow- ledged that he had concealed himfcK", in order to avoid being an aci omplice in the depredations com- mitted by a Bermudian vclfel, that, under pretext of taking in provilions, had put in for a lew days to Gorce. The depofuion o( this man ala:med M. Saugnier exceedingly; he apprelieniled that this Hup (which in (act was a pirate, but which could not be detected, as all her credentials were in due (orm.) intended to attack the Furet. This was reallv the cafe J but that velfel being an excellent failer, would not let the pirate come up with her ; Ihe ran under the cannon of the tort, and they perceived the Uermudian llieer otf. M. .Saugnier fet off by land from Gorec the 9th of .\pril in the evening, and arrived at Dacar, where he put up (or the night at the houfe of the marabou of the village : next morning he fet out upon his journey, efcorted by his fon, and a negro of Senegal named Wally. He had an Arabian horfe, that he (eldom rode, being accompanied by the elder Flo- quet, who had been to Goiec in the Bayonnaifc. riiey arrived on the 14th about nine o'cliKk in the evening, after a journey of live days, conllantly deeping in the open air, walking along the fea diore, and broiling under a burciing fun. It was too late to enter the colony ; neverthelefa Sacrguy, one of their gourmets in the Galam voyage, carried him thither in his canoe, unperceived by the cen'incls. At this time M. Saugnicr's health was vifibly mending, and this journey, (arfrom weakening, had re-c(lablidicd his (Irength, Ueing, however, per- plexed w ith erodes, another relaiile was the confc- qucnce, and when the (hip fet fail on the 30th o( Juno, 178*., he was carried on board in a iVate of infenfibility. Two hours after they weighed an- chor. The voyage, though long, was prolbcrous t and M. Saucn cr entirely recovcnil his itcaltn on the pairagc, and on the i\ii of Au^ull, i7lt6, they ar« rivctTfufe at L'Oricnt. BOOK ■ ml'' M ttr^-miff;' 164 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES akd TRAVELS. B O O K II. H A P T £ R t. tfarrattve of M. de Brtjhn — He embarks for Senegal, on board the St. Catherine— T/je Captain and his Mate p^y no Attention to his Cautions — They Jlrike — Nlajls cut away — Water comes into the Cabin — Captain difmaytd— Brijfon Jirives to raife his Spirits^-Long-Boat bo'i/ied out — Overfet — Thrown upon the Beach— Bri£on fwims to the Captain, 'ire— -Get the Boat afloat — All landed— Their Adventures — Meet Inhabitants— Some of BriJIin's Companions wounded — Stripped, &c.^BriJ/on'i Behaviour to a Priefi — "Jealoufy and Difcord of the Savages^ Briffon, &c ajfajftnated — S«z^lr^ \'\ ' m\ u m I I ;!l ■' •r . 'I H i '■» ,' * ■ ' K. t$% ■' if If h m l.'SI'i «■:) .1 1 '■', Li :; If' ' N ■^Jl ::if fU J r^ ■-^^ ^. ^••<:^'^ H^ ■«K.* i^. ^' V ^. M^ :* #^ ■F; y ». i < li» t'- " '" t' * ^ . f ?■■ »:1f :4- •*,*- '^^^. ?♦%• .A *^ ■> ./ #; J .''-3 *"-J^. i (>*• lis '•»?• .< .*■ V*' ■ i* "^ M -.•^': t% M. he h:if! juH fp;i! ■handliinie w^d-cIi ,them, a gold I ■ bucklfs, a rin;r •fork. aiK^ )p)On, • With great care, ■his trcafure in hi; to abandon him. As (b>ifi ;is tl- onwiutpart rtf Briflon pointtd it called fevfral of h Jiim. From the tiin, Bridon perci lofconfe.juence; \ Cik,' as ha was, th As loon as thcj gjn fo Utter loiic vifiblf in iheir faci of difcnrd. Thcj and his compapJoi the fliip eveiy tir .they alldwKncd i minjr, and they w: ftlvcs: while thoft the mod jealous ap ticularly the wf mt In the iliean tiir ■teady fpread n they weie 1 one annthcr, was ni virh wof*. Their nudcr's /ird , jwioiiH), fur fear th I wncfaltd. 1 te tool handkerchiefs, givin I if did not, liinic ot Brflim'., dc(larin,i» tl I almdy, he dcfilud f; The name of thcii (iti/oiii-.a ; his tribe t thcOiiadilirrn bccaitl 1 on friendly terms, f 1 tofintt that they hr>d moll ferocious anion }^ i)IArjbi-.\. He fnrdi thinj; hilt hni'dfiiips I hippdy iklivfii'd. Woni nialkr hi j tiuiioD and care the i j turned!.) the bcacli to I to hiih iKiin the plo J wan lime a band of ( I'kciriiut: \vh»n they nery f.'iiiij;, thtJy.Uid I ud his ci>ti»panioos. r»h«took him by the jonMvay and then am [Wliic'i iciii. lined was n No. lii. M. BRISSON's VOYAGtC TO THECbAST top AFRICA: '^5. jie hud jail ('pi>kcn. hriffon gave him two vcipy .J)aiidr»n»e watches, with the chains bclont^itig to (hem, a RoW IPock-hucklc, t«o pair of lilver •buckles, a rin;r I'ft with brilliants, a filvcrcup, . .fork, at"' Ipion, and two huiidret) livres in fpecie, , • With great care, and llill greater inyftcry, he- hid his trtafii.re in his blue Ihirt, pr-oraifing Brilloh not to abandon him. , . As lb n its tl' Arab's booty was fecure, he aflced on whAt part ■< the coall they had been fhipwrecked. Briffon pointed it out to him ; and he immed4atcly called fcveral of his people, and told them to follow Jiim. From the manner in which they addrefTcd biin. Briilbn perceived that his protector was a man lof tonfe luence; which afterwards proved to be the cjfc ' as hd was. their tull't or prielt. As loon as they arrived at the fea-fule, they he- Mr. to Utter loud cries of joy ; but the jcaloufy, vifiblc in their facesi frton prompted thcrn to a Ipii it of difcord. They detrrmined on making Hi iflon and h's companions l\vim on board, and got but ot the fli'P eveiy tiiinj; it was poflible to lave; but they alldecl.ncd it, on the pretence vf not Iwiin- Biinir, and they were obliged to ro aboard tlicni- fflves: while thole who remained alhnre expielled them"" jealous appiehenfions of their lucccls, par- ticularly the womtn. In tlii: rtiean time the nct»s of the wreck was a!- . ^jdy fpread ecii made, he wthdrew frortj the crowd by way of lecuring Hiilr fon and his party againlt any Infult. The hut ihcriHi they were h'liged, *r rather heaped upon one anniher, was mifcrably otcfletl, and covered vifh isiof". ThiT HI ifier's firfl care was to fearch them fcru- wiloufl), for fear they (houUi Ihll have any thing 1 pmcfalcd. i!e took away e\ii\ their fhirts and 1 hjiidkti chiefs, givinij tlicni to tinderftancl that it h did not, limic other wouUI. UoWevcr, upon Brflon'.. declarini^ that he had {;ivct} him et\ough I jitTjdy, he »hat retcnibVing the r< faries which the catholics ufc, and t!i?n took out a little bn(\k which hung to his giidlc, while tho women allided in recovering BHllbn from the hinds Af Noufgem, and dohveritig him V.^^ to the priell, fi^ii- fear lie flioulil pronounce an anathema againU Noue- gem» df whkh the common people aic in' gre.it awe of. • Some little di{Van(e BrifTon' perceived his conipn'. nions whom he dclpairci' of ever fctiiig agaiit. 1 hey had ftft nhthing for two days ; nov w-as Miil- fon lefs exhaulled than they 1 but the critical cii*- cumfhnces in which he had found himfclf, had fo agitated hit fpirits, that he had in a iivJnner loft the faculty of fecliiig the want by which he \w flaves. It ii impofliblc to conceive how naulcous it was to the laile. The water with which it was made had bets procured upon the (ca-fide, and then intiofed in i raw goal'»-(kin : to prevent it from corrupiiog, a kind of tar had been put into it, and had given ic \ a mofl horrid fmell. The fame water was given them for their drink, and bad as it was, in vcrjr j fmall quantities. The Arab whom Driilon firuck hearing thit he j complained, gave him the remains of his paHe, ind told him that the next day they (hould eat the goii, I which had been killetl on purpofe for them, i^ he had given him to underiland by his figns. Brillnn teftified to him, half bywords and half by geliura, his great furprifeat the finding of thefe pruvifions; and he employed the fame language to tell him thit the guide, who had gone on before them, hid pro- cured them in a neighbouring hamlet, and h.idhiJ them under ground, to conceal them from ihe.lgit of the Moois, in cafe any fliould pais that u^y. I When their repad was over, each of them retired j behind a bufli, and lay down to repofe. <«■ CHAPTER II. Furthtr Misfortunes ef Brifen during bit Captivity— Cujfmt ^ibt Arabs--W*men "wnrft than the Min—TbiyH'- ment two «f Brijfon'i Cmpanient^ Account of th* extraordinary Plaint they traverfed over tcnvards the M-l JGndne/s of Sidy Salem to the Slaves— Brijin sni/iaket it— Renew their March — Di/cover a Hom/et-'Bripn'il Hope of oita'ning hit Liberty — 7iw tf bis Comfaaions crweify beaten — TAc Rea/hn — Brijon'i Ccuraft en tbti Occafion-^Si^arrels with his Mafter—His Majter endeavours to affeaje Fm—Bnffr.rt's retched Sinieliii' Cruel Ufare7&c-'-'Atl the Work 'faUs upon him— Delivers a Letter 'for the Cr.nful nt Hcira to n Jrtvijb hlerihitl '~ tmtt—BriJftn'j Hofe vaniJbet—Unbaffy late cf the Setond Ca/^t,)tn-~Drlp'a n ~~RtalCharafler efSidy Mabmiatf Heallb impaired. M. BRISSON's VO'\GE TO the COAST of AFRICA. 167 r^AKLY (he next (!ay Uriflbo, and the reft of Pj the unhappy flaves, were commanded by their niailers to aflemble and load their camel*. This being done, they continued their journey, having but a fcanty ftock of piovifionL with them. About gonn they halted in a plain, where they did not find 2 (iogle tree to (bade them from the rays of the fun, which came down perpendicularly upon their heads. They were now employed in unloading the citncls, and in tearing up roots to make a fire ; a piece of buljnefs the more difagreeabic, as in this country nil the trees, roots, and (hrubs are covered ui(h thorns. As foon as the fire had heated the iiivi, tlie goat was entirely covered with it, and they continued to feed the fl.imes, while their maf- teis rc)i;aled thcmfclvcs with the raw greafe, which thcv conliJcred as a great dainty. As foon as the p,(}t wjs drcfled, it was uken up; and the Aiabs, without giving thenifelves the time to take off the find (hat was flicking to it, devoured it with iii- iTcdible voracity. After having well gnawed the bjncs, they made ufe of their nails, the better to tcif away the little remaining flefli ; they then threw ihcm tothcii (laves, enjoining them to eat with dif- patch, and reload the camels, that they might le- oew thrir march without lofs of time. Wlieii (he fun was near fetting, by the light of its ficiy rays (for in this country the lun almoft al- ffiys lets in a red horizon) they difcovered tents (altered here and there upon a rifing ground, and Hocks and herds returning from pailure. The in- lihitants of the camp they were approaching came cut in crowds to meet them ; but, far from praclifing i.c kind laws of hofpitality in their regard, they Laded them with abufe, and made them I'utier the uiofl inhuman ttcatment; two of BiilFon's compa- cions were reduced to a mod dreadful (late : the vomcn cfpecially, far more ferocious than the men, took a plcalure in tormenting them. BdiTon, having removed to a little diftance from Lii camel, perceived all on a fudden a man level idruble-barrelled gun at him; upon which he pre- fcnted Ills breaft to him, and bad him (ire. This ]a of Ormnefs, to which he wai no doubt little iccullomed, allonilhed him, and his furprife con- tnbuted to (Irengthen BriiToo'i idea, that an ap< prance of not fearing thefc people keeps them in i«(. He now approached the man, when a (lone, thrown by an unknown hand, but which be fuf- pccicd to be that of a woman, (Iruck him on the held : he was (lunned for m moment ; as foon as be recnvcred his fcnfes, he fell into a violent rage, and caUi'd out liir vengeance. This was enough to fprud >ti;;lit and terror among the children; and even the lavages, who were come out to meet them, rot knowing what might be the matter, took flight. Cdc of thtni, however, before be retired, (Iruck ErilTon (in t lie bi eaft with the butt-end of a muf- ' If I 1': i y-m I'i'' ill -.r-^*r>»*'-*^:^ i68 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. The iiuders now divided their flavc*. When Sidy M:ihanii ijt had received the carelFes of all his family, Biillbn alkcd him which of the women that furrouiulcd liim was his favourite: he Ihcwed her to him i and HriU'on approached to give her two handfiils of cloves, that his' malk-r had carefully pre- fervcil, on purj>oic that by oHcring them to her BrifTon might attract a more favourable notice. Briffon knew that the Moori(h women were paffion- atcly fond of odours, particularly of that of cloves. Mowever, fhc received his prefent with itifulting haughrincfs, and drove him from her tent with contempt. A fhort time after this woman came to order .Meff. Devoife, Baudre, and BrifTon, who had fallen to her hulband's lot, to unload the camels, to clean a kind of kettle, and to go and tear up roots to make a fire. While fhc was come to make known her will to them, her hiifband had placed himlilf on the knees of one of his concubines, where he h.id fallen fad alleep. BrifTon having returned fram makinp f^iggots faw two of his companions cruelly beaten, and Ihetcheil rut upon the fand. They had been treated thus, beraiite, their fhength bcinj* entirely exhaufk-d, thty had not been able to fulfil the talk all\-^ned them. BrifTon awaked his mailer with redoubled cries, reminded him of the promifc he made him, and beiTged him to conduct him without del.i)' to Senegal or to Morocco j othcrw ill- he declared that, though it coll him his life, he would have him robbed of all the valuable elTcOls he delivered to him. His mafler now became very uncafy on account of the approach of feveral of his neighbours, who wjre wititefTts to the vehemence of his anger, for fear BrilTon fhould recount the number of the cfiecls he delivered to him. His mafler therefore came to him, took him by the arm, and puflipd him hailily into his tent, dcliring him not to make fo much noife, and promiling him a porringer of milk ; upon BnfTon's dcfiring him to carry it to his com- panions, he anfwered he was goir.;^ to- give them fome, and therefore begged him to be cjuict. Sidy now, in the prcfencc of BnlTon, forbad hii wife to require him to do the Icafl hard work, and alfb forbad Briflbn to obey her. He likewili: ordcrcti lome barley to be boiled for the flaves. It was now the end of Augull and there was no fijrn of any travelling preparations. BrifTon had already afketl Sidy Mahainmet what lie was waiting for to conduct him to .Sehegal. He anfwcreli that he was looking out for- two flout and vigorous ca- mels, that might be able to bear the fatigue of the journey, and that they fliould frt olF as foon as he tould procure thtm. Brillon was the moretkTiiVius of expedition, as the nights began to be very cool ; anil the abundant dew wtttitl them even behind the buitics, which fervtd for a retreat. - Brillirti applied again to his mailer, who anfwer- ed in filth a way, as to perfuade him of every thing thought projKr. - The tloiks, which were now famiflicd, could no lotver lind pallurc ; and in the evening on their return, the cvvcs and goat! brought back their udders alinoll empty. It was their milk, however, and that of the camels, that was to fervc as the fupport of a numerous f.imily. ' Of courfc the portion of the lUvcs was diminifhed, and they received their fcanty allowances after the (Jogs were ferved, and in their very difl'' . • While B-^.iion one evening was coming back with his Hock, oneof his cwcs brought forth a lamb ujion tho declivity of a hill. He took it in his arms, and carried it with equal haftc and care to his mailer's favourite. He prefented it to her, 3» foon a« he perceived her, thinking fhc would receive it with the fame pleafure fbe had always tcflificd on fimilar nccafiuiis. He afkcd her at the fame time if fhq would give him the firfl of the trwjthcr's milk, ac. curding to their cuflom of giving it to him who 3 has the care of the flock. By way of anfvvcr (h, threw a knife at his legs, drove him Out of her icnt with contempt, and loaded him with abufe. yi„ hulband, witncfs to this brutality, came and tolj him, that he would make him amends, by givii,,, him a larger quantity of milk. He abvays bclicvtj his mailer ; bat how great was his aflonilhmcnt, \n pafling behind the tent, to hear the villain laijghi,w with his wife at the blow (he had jufl given hiin The month of Odlober had now nearly cxpirpj and not a drop of water as yet fallen. Brilfon's fituation became more wretched every day : he hal notliing but a forry bit of packing cloth round h^- waill. The plains, vallies, every thing was parchul up, and nothing remained for the nourilhnicnrof the cattle : the Icalon was far advanced. I'or thrct years, the hcaM.ns had refufed its rain to the inha. bitants of the deferts. A univerfal defolatiou prci vailed ; when i-.n Arab from a dillant country cair" to tell them, that abundant rains had fallen in fovc^ ral cantons. Joy immciliatcly fucceeded to fear a-] grief; evi-ry one rolled up his ttnr, and all tc: of together for the newlv-watcrcd country. ''fh\^ mj the thirtieth time that they chan};cd their abndt- Brillon was always tiTi))!oycd to fct up and fpraj the tents, and load the baggage : often he was nbli^cj to carry heavy burthens, to rclievi^thc camrk; a'.,j he thought himltlf happy, if the llo^ks folUn-.^d jq good order, and did not give him the tro-'olc ^f collecting them. His companions were foexhnurtcd, that tlic, rrLfd do nothing ; all the work conlojuently ft 1| u ^;, him, and he «as obliged to »lividc with tium'the furplus of food that lie procured l)y endeavour;-:' :o make himlelf uleliil ; (or as they were ul'ekf-, the .Arabs gave them little or nothing to eat. At length they arrived at the pl.i cnjov his liberty; but his mailer, who ttil then hi combined the niofl perfiiafi've langunge with the blackflt deceit, now ceafcd his dilliihulation, a"j openly ai^ted the tyrant. They were encamped on find fo wet, that rh* mere prclfure of their lx)dies made the water f-mi up ill confidcrable quantities. The hour of niilki'T the canftls Iwing come, Biilibn was called to rt^ ; ceivc his portion, and that of hi» companions : the latter feemed to be larger than iiftial ; but on talh-r it, they perceived that the augmcmtation w« n„! thing l)ut ram water, of which the dof • was cwn i day lo much intreafed, that they had foon norhi t but water a little whitened with milk, which vcnC ' cned them toan incrcdiblcdcgrcc, and reduced thcin! to the h.ird ncceflity of feeking thrlr f wd wah ;h; cattle. The wild plants that they troil under h«r and raw Ihails, were from that tim',- almolltiicr| only aim, "K till the moment of th. ir ilelivcr.i.r They wcic low put to new fatigues : Bnflbii\iji| chargi'-l t , yoke the camels to the plouirh, to till the groi vid, and to low the feed j and his mift-r not content with employing him in his ou-nlervir-' hired him out to other Arabs for a portion of milk,' I Sidy, being ofi en upbraided by •Brillon, and like! wilir by other Arab* more conipnUionarc thsn hf, and ever jealous of his policlling linlTon'j jcwh, which they conlidered as inelltmabl.-, now> fcnt k\ Brilfbn, and artkcd if at Mogadorca good ranllra would be given ibr each of them : Htillbn told imn ( he lliould be IJuisfreil : upon this he was told i Icj. ifh merchant was to call to-morro*v to give hiral fome paper, and he iiouW be permitted to writfDJ thofc from whom he txptfetcd affifh\nL-e. The lit.) brew merchant caJkd, and BrifTon wfotc a letter,] which hcaddrellcd tathcconfu} at Soira,b;'iftiicrJ Ihould not be one tb«re to the pcjrfon who nii';MJ reprcfent him, beggihg him to commileratc their j ills, and to aflbrtl them tlic fpecdicll relief. I There was a Moorish girl, who conllantly feil h:fj flocka in company with lirillbn's, who pcrccnin;;! him a dupe to his mailer, foon convinced him oil h:i| M. BRISSON's VOYAGE to the COAST ot AFRICA. 169 his error, and the real charatStcr of Sicly Mahammcd. <\\e afiurcd hint, that had it not litcn for his two urothcrs, who h;id taken fuch a drong liking to him he would not care how l:r ufcd him. She alio added, that his promire of giving him his liberty was only to .nmufc him, as he never entertained any Itrioiis intention of fo doing, for tear it UriUbn was removed he might be taken, feized, robbed, and perhaps murdered, by Moulein Adaram. Moukm Adaram was fon to the Emperor. Hav. ■ „ heard a v.igue account of the effetts which BrilFon hul brought with him, he infiagincd that he was a very nth Chrilhan, and came in confequcncc more than 100 leagues to purchafc him. He was fortu- nate enough however nevtr to belong to ih is cruel nrincc, who had revolted agaiaftjfcu lather. This lonvtrfation with (ha|Noori(1i girl made IJriilbi) dtfpair of ever fccmg his country agani. He kll into the dccpcft defj.iondency ; and from ibat day experienced nothing but new fubjcds of \cxaiion. ■ • . He now no longer met his companions in the t"clJ». t^f"" cvcnmg, when the coolnefs of the wea- ther had invited his c.imels to rtray further than uiual, he was obliged to follow them to a ncigh- 5,11111*1" h.imlct. He now perceived the wretched upt.iii)', fcirtcly to be known but by the colour of tiii body, (^'etched out upon the fand. He had in l,ij niouih one of his hands, which his extreme iicilviicfs had douhtlcis prevented him from gnaw- jn2. Hunger had fo disfigured him, that his corpfe ^j, triglitlul to behold ; all his features were ablb- ittiflv obliterated. Some lliort tifne after the fccond captain, unable -nv ion'cr to fupport his cxceflivc weaknefs, fell fiiikltts under a gum-tree, where he lay expofed to the attacks of an enormous fcrpent. The lainilhcd wen.-, hovering over their prey, frightened away [hi; \cnoinous animal with the noife of their cries, anJ darting on the body of the defcncelels vickim, jmiiiidiatdy began their voracious repalV. Four of ihili. lavages, lUU more cruel than thefc ferocious b.rilsoi prey, witnclfed this horrid fcenc with in- ditKrence, and without making the leall cHhrt to aiiorJ .iliiflancc to the unhappy futfercr. brilfon rtiurned to his tent imprelfed, and reproached his niaHi-r lor inhumanly refuting his unhappy allociate iklmall quantity of milk nccellary for fubfiftencc, bccaulc his emaciated condition and ill Ibtc of health riniiirai him incapable of working any longer. BrilTon's health, which had hitherto miraculoufly fuliained him under the feverctl prclUircs of difficulty i;ij JifuilV, now yielded to their painful inflidions, and every day announced frelh fymptomsof its rapid (kcline. Already, like the poifonous reptiles of this inholpjtabie climate, he had twice call his Ikin ; but ihc pungency of his grief was increafed by the third chanj;f, finding his body covered with a kind of fcurf otfcalc, rcftmbling the natural coating of the Arabs. Hisltct, niiftrably woundctl by thorns, afforded but Ifoi h'i| peivin;; him i'l a rotrering fupport to his cxhauftcd body 1 and the wanton cruelty of their favage diverlion, in fre- quently fetting dogs to purfuc him, from whofc jaws he could never extricate himfelf before he had lelt the feverity of their fangs, all contributed to his incapacity of longer tending the camels. But, to compieat his misfortune, towards the end of Fe- bruary and beginning of March, the exccUive heats had dried up the water they found in the canton, and not a drop of rain had lallf.n to nourilh the ground which he had tilled and fown. As paflur- age (or their cattle couUl no longer be found, they were on the point of perilhing, when the two tribes of the Labdc(lti>a and Ouadelims, after having held feparate deliberations, lelblvcd to go in fearch of more promiling lands. The tribe of the Ouadelims carried their ravages as far a^ Gouadnuni, ^00 leagues dillant from the tlace of our encampment. Several hordes of the abdeffeba, of a lefs roving difpofition, ftaid behind i and as their numbers were inconliderablc, they found fublillence for their Hocks in the neighbouring can- tons. They killed and cat fevcral Ihcep, and conti- nued living in this manner till the end of the fol- lowing month, the period dellined for their depar- ture from the dcferts, where the moll frightful mifcry menaced the diftrcHed inhabitants. . Happily for Brillbn, an Arab, who had a Chriftian flave in his fuite, who belonged to their vellll, of- fered to fell him to UrilTons mailer at a very low price ; and the latter, w ho cunrerncd himfelf very little as to the means of their fupport, readily ol-t fered a camel for this new flave. The bargain being concluded, he was charged with the work of Brillbn's ufual employment. The irtcrval of leifure derived from this relief, contributed in fomc mcafurc to rellore Brilfon to his ufual flrength. When they had eaten up all the fnails which were found in their circuit, they came to the refolution of fmothering fevcral young kids in the night-time, knowing that their maikis would reject their car- cafes, as their law docs not permit them Co cat the Helli of any animal that has not cxpirei! under the knife. They were at length difcovcrcd in the corn- million of the fact : however, they efcaped punilh- ment, thoOgh not without great abufe, and the in- timidating nK!MC"s of death, fliould they be again lound guilty m' i.milar oHences. It was therefore necellary for them to concert new means for their fupport. Brillbn loon recovered llrength enough to make faggot;), which he had not the lealt dilli- culty in diipoling of, it being the cuftom of this country not to extinguilh the lire during the night, and the women, to whom the care of the family is conligned, being too idle to cut wood for them- fclves. By this little traffic, he was not only enabled to alleviate his own mifcry, but likcwife that of M. Ucvoife, whole fulfcrings at length terminated with his death. CHAPTER III. irlifiiiimtd! a Sailor— llis lamentable Account — Brifon's Defpondency — hliffts the Keeper of the Camels — Enquires tkut him — Notfalisjied — Is informed the next Day of bis hate—BriJfon's Behaviour on the Occafton — His Majier reproached— Bene%'olence ef Hidy Sellem—His Predi^ion verified— Brijon's Refoluti*n—Good Lffefls thereof-^ fb( Arabs driven to great Dijlrefs — Their Manner of fretting tVater — BriJ/on becomes defperate— Fights with the Arabs — His Succejs— Forms a Projeil to efcape — Robs his MajUr — Sidy Mnhammed's Uneafuiefs — His Pro- mfti-'lirijjin rejtores the Treafure, en certain Gondii ioni — BriJJon agreeably furprifed with News of bit Delivery -lits llipcs atmojt extinguifbed. ., ^, .. »kv« igivcH t^K-ji, TIIEIV now quitted their prcfcnt ficuation, in •larch of one that w-is more fertile. They |tnu.npcd in the neighbourhood of dillcrent tribes, I ilicrc Brillbn met w iih Dcnoux, one of their Tailors, I uho was a Dave as w ell as himfelf. He told Brilfon itliit tix ot his companions were carried away foon lilicrther Ihipwreck, by the Ion of the Emperor, lihowas gone back to ffancc; that M. Taifaro, No. I j. their head furgcon, died in confequence of fome blows he received on the head ; alto their fecond lieutenant, Stcur Rcboin, and that the rcfl, in order to prcferve themfelves from pcrifliing through want, had chanjrcd their religion. This iaiior'a account added much to BrilTon's defpciidency. While lolt in thought and contem- plation, he perceived behind a buHi his mailer's • U u camels 8^ i Is ; i, ,1)1,..,' ■ w»: I TO NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. m camels returning without their keeper. BriflTon in- quireti what was become of him ; but receiving no fatisfidory anfwer, he was rcfolvcJ the next morn- ing to iiitorm himfclf. On the foliowmgday BriiTon learned from a young herdfman that Sidy Mahammed having for fome time part fufpcc^cd the balver to be guilty of fucking milk trom the camels, had watched, and detecting him in the fart, immediately feized him by the throat and llrangled him. It feems, if a Chrillian only touch the paps of their cattle, they arc deemed impure, and the proprietor, or any other Arab, is at liberty to punifh tiie oHtnder with death. Brilfon fcarce believing the cxiftence of fuch cru- city, even among thefc monlkrs, ran to the tent, and aiked for an explanation of what the youth had jurt imparted to him. A general lilencc confirmed the truth, and filled him with rage and indignation. The brother-in-law of his maftcr, (the only pcrfon who on this occalion exprellcd even a fcntiment of companion) reproached Sidy Mahammed for not having fold thefe Haves to him, when he prcpofcd to purchafc them from him, inttead of treating them fo cruelly, cfpecially Brillbn, as the riches he ob- tained from W\m Hiould have induced him to treat him with more grntlenefs and rei'ped. This Utter reproach awakened the jealoufy of all prcfcnt, who unanimoufly undertook Brill'on's de- fence. Sidy Scllcin was the fole perfon who fpoke through benevolence, the reft not chuling to deliver their fentimcnts after him, in compliment to hi* ^^ge and his riches. This was the fame ^idy Selle.n, of the tribe of La RoufTy, who had beh.ived fo kindly to them after their fliipwreck, and prcdidled thr.t Briffon Hiould one day repent the rejedion of a pro- pofal iie had made to purcliafe him. BrifToii was now the only flave in the hamlet, nor Sad he any pcifon to whom he coul(J difclofe his griefs ; hs fituation daily became more deplorable, notwithtbnding he rclblvcd to bear it w ith fortitude. Tliis rcfolution and the behr.viour he adopted to- wards thofc who would have hi^iliated him, gained him a fort of confideration among the favages, fo that they permitted him at times to remain in the back part of their tents, and often to drink out of rheit veffcls. His mailer no longer employed him to keep his camels : it is true he cccied to f'|)eak of liberty ; but if he had, his perfidy was fo well known to Briflbn, that be could not have believed him. Brillbn Hill found it neccfliiry to continue making up faggot?, in order to procure himfclf a luhlilUncc, but thirft frequently threw him into the mod in- conceivable agonies. The Arabs themfclvcs were driven to rhc grcatcfl diflrcfs, fcveral dying from hunger arJ thirll ; nor did the prefent li:afon pro- mitc a' f fuccour, being the fourth in which the diou^ht had dcllroyed tne harvelh This calamity fo f mbittcrrd the minds of the different tribes, that they were at perpetual variance. Healing each other's cattK', in order to dry the Hclh i milk was very fearfe, and water mote fo, as it is rarely to be found in the dcfert, except in the vicinity of the fca, where it is black, fait, corrupt and noifome ; which difagrce- ablc drink, and the want of pal^urage, caule the Arab ever to keep at a diftance from the coaft. Though in want of every kind of provifion, yet no one dared lo feck it at a dillance. In this calami- tous fituation, BrifTon was a melancholy witnels of the flraitii to which necclfity can reduce the human nee: rhic camels that were killed fupplied water to thofc A'.Jiba who had not ihc means of procuring milk, they r^rcferving with the utmolt care the liquid they found m the floniach of the Haughtered animal, prclfijig it from the dung. The water they thus prefrrved v.as of a grcenilh colour, and in which Chey frequently dreflnl i heir meat t that drawn from the Aomach of the go«tt had the talle of fennel and a fweet fmdl, nor did the broth made therewith taftc difavreeabh i but that procured from the camel wai much kffi pleating to tilw appetite. Wbtt ap. pearcd,really aHonifliing was, that thofe beal^s, par- ticularly ihe tamel, u ho ilrank but two or three tutics" in the year, and lived on very dry food, contained a pri'digious quantity of water in their ftomachs. Brilfon now becoming il racie, as he railed his arm to ftrikc the blow li j weapon entangled in his turban, which floated icni- on hit llioulders : linllon profited by this accicii firiking him with the huti end of his pidol, („ ,|,j.' he fell fenfclcft before him. This was theonh i c he could make of his weapon, haviiijr noammuni; in but what it contained, and already twite niidi,.,; » il Thefe accident.i are very common, as the .irnis ini powder arr equally ' nd ; a cireumdante which < a', fcs the Arib» battle, i be loon decided, the f;rtauii injury they do b. ,ng the tearing each others la\) with their naiis, and fome wounds given with ibvi poignards. 1 i.e camels, accullomed to theft i, ni bats, mingle in the CO 'lulion, lowing, bitm.' a J dif|)crling the -ncmics withgreatLr effcd thancvcn the men can with their arm>. As foon as the battle was over, fcveral i, I I'^c Arabs came to liriflisn, and ccminemled his njIo r having thought that Hiiffon had killed three tin ^' whm in reality he had only wounded one; ho«cui he left them in their error, and unluaded his mM to favour the deceit. Brillbn having thus far fuccrcded, now forirrd the project tocleape, Hrd taking from hu mailer all the jewels he had before given him. VN nh thcfc f- purpofed Co go over to another tribe, us h^ th»UL+.t i any Arab whom he might chance to meet would tc glad to accompany hun to Morocco for the rc»,uj he could then offer. 1 his project appwrtvl to h tn excellently dev.lcd, thoujjhl.c ntiiher kiic» ihe„aJ nor the dangers he might have tocncounur; ^c therefore haflcncd to put it in execution, lotKcjIni' the whole of the property in a hole till the ntxi di;' when he intended to endeavour to proiirc himliil fome covering to defifnd him lom the cold. It was not long belorc Sidy Mahammed dilo. vercd the lots ot his irtalurc j he ran imtnediard) ;o| the thicket ^here Briltbn was, employing prairJ threats, and curcfica, to obtain rcditutioi, ol l.i wealth, and yet .1 ore particularly to cmreai tiiml not to divulge his poflefTing it to any perlon. ilJ entreaties, however, would have been of little e'Vc;,! had Brillbn not reHeded, that during the night, iif.cj attempted 10 efcapc, It was very poflible that h' might All into the hands of fome wretch ttxi poa to undertake lo long a jcurney, and who willing to| poffels hit property might dilpole of him with hiil dagger. 1 hefe ideas determined him m rciinquillij »',, and he pretended to be allccled by hi» tntrraiio,! thuu^iil i: -li |i hi llll •^^: ¥i: h '^ t'' I '( ! , \ >| I K II m f 1 1 111 1 i^'lJ iJ 1 il m m iUmmi/A i^:-\\\^ "^illl ^^/ **^i 'm&- ^¥^^» 'A M. though he r-IoIm rave him over I tbrmai him, iha would a Ictond t now returned. S promiliiif? to givi ing, a portion of carclul of quiitii bours, or panic BnlFon fiequcntl) he had atchicvcd, bedcpfivcdof his cover it again. Sid> Mouhamii (living one day at was, and was Igor had polU'fled nt S flicritf inllantly cs tion he filled at rh bciiiB anfwcrcd, I prdljc' great alloi fitiiation. This nn give orders for t Kin",'s magazine, The brother-in-la thi» information, fivint; iive camels vismad nknovv it, was (truck wict turning with his n hi J nil ft re f« comm< bourinj; ti-nt a Icat her, bidy Scllciii \ rrow lor M icrcd with iit'.iiiiitly difappoi hiiiilcif he fpokc t prdcnt, ^ffUrcd hi oltl man prutcning himklf at his feet, ' liuj^hinj;, unmindfi p\ hi lilt at the in bid) Mahammed no lunger appirtait kijt Ins |irir any d fightofalmall iilliii ihiir near land, redo luilily lowardi the (1 m|{a^',r the captain t biii lie lud h.irilly ad roiks which lurrouiu cdatioii fo ju'ucntly difappointcd, that hi' could not pcrfuade hiiiilclf he fpoke truth. Several Arabs, who were prdcnt, silTured him it was really intended, and the oi,l man protefling it flill more firmly, Brillbn threw hmililU' his feet, weeping, fobbing, and alternanly Uughing, unmindful of every coiilidcration but the jut he lilt at the information he had received. bid) Mahammcd now informed Urilion that he no longer appirtaincd to him, obfirving that he had Uj t Ills priniili , and that Brilfon Ihould again fee his native lountry. At this moment BrilFon torgot all hit furnier rclciumcnr, in the rapture of the pre- Irnt cxpedaiion « a pleafure which was doubled, «hcnthcy informed hmi he fliould have a travelling coti>|vinion, whom they added was but a fliort dif- una- from litem. I'hit companion, to Brifl'on's Shit furprifc, " '■'■i V( unfortunate baker. He alked im, b) what r.-ii^uW he v\ai rifen from the dead ? The baker 1 ■ '< ! -im, that one day Sidy Ma- kimmcd ta'tn :? \ Jt* '^iing ibc ftie camel j he ran iaiUmly u\.',\. ', png him to h»rd by the throw, and giving J » fw-h fcvcrc blows, that he (eII fenfeleft at his icci. He was much aftonilhed, OB hit rccoN cry, to find himfclf alone, with his throat btthcii in blood : he dragged himfelf u well as he could into the aperture ot a ruck, from whence he imrdechofcvcrul times repeat the voice of hit bar- hiittui nmiltr, who had returned to feck him, and w* called him loudly 1 duubtlcft curiofity of what kail bicoiiic of him wa« a flrong motive, at he mull ncccllaiily imagine lie left hipi expiring. The baker dctcnsinr' uttoani'wer, beirg rcfolved either to die of |- < . , or gain the fet-coafl, hoping there todirco\ 'V X tiolU-l. IncA'cCt he reached it in imdayt, !..'.» g dt'ing that time no nourithment but IiwiIk, nor any drink but hit own urine. The lightofa liiull fitliing velPcl, which lay at an an- ihor near land, redoOblcd his flrcngth, and he ran hiliily towards the fltorc, hoping by hit lignals to n^igt tlic taputiii to fend liit boat to hit relief ; bui lie lud h.irdly advanced a few flrpt between the tikkt which lurround the coafl, wb.;n he wat fud- dtnl) fci/.ed by two young Arabs, who dragunj him lo lunic dillancc from the Ihore. The dilTrefs he felt at finding himfelf in their power, the grief he fuHaincd from failing in his enterprife, added to the exircme hunger he experienced, had doubtlefs over- come him, had they not immediately afforded him fome fuccour. From that day they became his maflers,and employed him to keep their goats, they having no other Hocks, nor any other means of ex- iftence, except fithingj yet are much more gentle and laborious than the Arabs who live in the interior parts. About fifteen days ago, they informed him they were going to condudf him to the Sultan, and as they had brought him hither, he fuppofcd this was the rendezvous agreed on with Briflon's mafler^ when they informed him they had taken him. BrifTon having heard the information of the baker, informed him that they were really going to depart for Morocco, and that they had a long journey to undeitake. The next day the inhabitants of the tribe of Trargea afTcmbled round Sidy Scllem, mak- ing a long prayer s after which they brought a large potof brothj compofcd of the farinous part of fome wild ^rain ; they joined to this provilion a large qiuntity of milk, and numbcrlefs wiflics for a prof* perous journey. Sidy Mabammed bid Briflbn a mod aifedlionate adieu. He flncerely wilhed he might arrive in fafety, and th|t bis next voyage might be happier tl^n^the laft. He requeflcd he would aot forget to fend his wife fome fcr.rlet cloth; which he was to give to Sidy Sellen^. Briflbn promii'cd to fend what he afked for. Sidy Mahammcd now aflltkd him to get on a large camel, which the baker and Briflbn were allowed to travel on, but which they were nc- cefiitatcd to quit fome few days after 1 nor were they alone in this misfortune, for from want of paflurage thefe animals were unable to proceed with any lug> gage. In this country they arc not equal to much fatigue { bcfides, the want of faddles would have prevented their making ufe of thofc beafls for any icDgih of time. They were therefore obliged to walk during the remainder of their journey. One day, having reached a valley, which the rain lately fallen had covered with verdure, Sidy Sellcm was determined to f^op, that his almoll familhed beaflt might grazes himfelf afccnding a high moun- tain w tiiclj bounded the valley, and from whence he could fee the beafls feed that he wat taking to the city for falc. BriflToa followed, and at length palled him, firmly believing it was the road they were to purlue. What confirined him in this opinion wa^, that the old nuut let him continue his walk without oppofltion, and that he alfo difcovcrcd a beaten path before him. When he arrived at the fummit, he went a little afldc from the path to dean his long beard, which, notwithflanding his utmoll care, was full of vumio. He had pallid near an hour in the thicket, when finding none of their travellers ap- uroach, he returned to the top of the mountain : but how great was his furprifc, when he difcov cred no one, nor knew what road they had taken, or w hat path to purfue ; for at a number of hordes had en- camped on this fpot, fur the purpofe of feeding their cattle, an infinity of paths led to it. Thus iituatcd he could dcvifc no means but calling loudly on Sidy ikllcin : at length he difi;ovcrcd at a ditlum-e four at five Arabs, who advanced towards him. Brillun hAllened to ni^ect them, firmly believing them to be hia own pci>plc, but loon recognized his error, fur one of the mofl powerful of thefe baroarians, ac- companied by a great dug, kized him, the Arab inllantly knocking him duwn by a blow which he flruck him on the head with the Hat of his fabre, and the ot|)era immediately joining him, dragged him into » defile of the rock, which led to their afylum. Thus hit hopes of liberty were again extinEuiflted by the profpciit pf a more cruel flavcry than ne had yet experienced t He was loll in thcfc melancholy reflections, , when (he barliarians gained a Hope whicn led to A cavity, where duubtlcl't ihey iiucadcd con- fi WMm ■■■' kiii j itf -r 172 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. cealing himi but coming to a fudden opening, BrilFon difcovcrcd in a valley below the mountain their Hock and little caravan, which contained about twenty perfoiis ; ddpair gave him Ihength, and making a fudden cHori, he cfcaped from thele wretches, running pKcipitatcly towards his old man, Sidy Scllcni, for rcluge, while the vagabonds, alarmed at their fupcrior number, ran away. Bnfl'on was fevercly reprimanded by his maftcr, who defircd that in future he would be careful not to qur them : BrilTon, in return, complained that he had i\ot informed him that the path which he faw hini take was not that hinifclf intended to pur- fiie; and tl^at alio he had continued his journey with- out calling or caufing hiiii to be fought after. He replied, that he inteiided to have taken the fame path, but had been obliged to defcend into the val- ley to collect the camels, who having been fo long deprived of herbage had ftrayed front each other in grazing. During the fpace of the fix following hours tlicy redoubled their I'pccd, taking alfo a contrary road that they might deceive their enemies fliould they purfue tluni j neither had they any food until the evening of the fecond day, being 48 hours withon- any nourilhmcnt but funic handfuls of wild endive' which Urifibn gathered in the valley. ' At day-break they continued their journey, crop fing fome mountains, which led them to a plain co' vercd with calcined ftones, greatly rcfenibling the coal that had been burnt in their forges j thcfellonp. in fome places were overfpread with a whitifli earth on which lay the trunks of large trees, apparently torn up by the roots, and entirely ftripped ofihcir bark, the branches being brittle as glafs, and twjilcj like cord.H;c. The wood was of a yellow colour rcfenibling the liquorice, and the interior part oj'- the trunks full of a coarfe powder. The wood ftoncs and dull, which latter was cnclofeil in t|,J trunks of the trees, poU'ellal neither ta!>c nor AnjH - C K APT E R IV. >■>... Tiey proceed en their Journey— -Pafs ftieral high Motmtains-~Meet two Springs ef Wiiter—BriJJmi feiztd—Ri, leajeJ hy his M.i/fer's means — fhey approach the City tf Geuadmm — Defciiptim t hereof -^'their Hahiijij^^' Iraffii, iSc. — Brijon's Departure — His Strength exhaujied, &c. — His l/iexprejUHe Joy — Occcifianal Ir.iuietuj, — Meets two Europeans — Kindnefs of Dupras and Qibnves — Vijiled h feveral Fiiropeani — .-htivnl at Ahc;-, — /Iccciint of the king of Morocco's Troops— The rough M, inner in wiAch he is itttroduced Ic the King — Thefum's Orange Behaviour— ■Brijj'cn and the Baker fent to the l\i>yal Kitchen — I'riJ/on returns to his new Dweliiiti^ Defcription of the Palace, Tncn, Inhab' v'r, &c, — Drijlon rcleajcd font Slavery— Ctrfory Remarks, '^ Defcription of AS they [— occeded, th»y renched foii;; " . tains, which were lo pnidipioully nigl t they appeared piled on eacliother, ami which foii..cd fcvcral tremendous precipices, on .nccount of their liivilions. There were liktwilc fome lurroumlnig \allies, environed by rocks, which were dreadlul to behold. 'I'hey met with two fpringi, one of which Avas bl.ick, muddy, and of afulphureous fmell j the other was exceedingly clear, being fepara;ed froiii the full by a fand-bank about 15 Ket broad. Hotli waters were eXteediDgly pkaf.uu to the talk". Alter two d.-iys journey, they were on the fea-fliorr ; and a few d.iys alter they advanceil towards Mniocco, ha\ing crofled lomc high mountain^ covered with pebbles of ditlercnt colours. '1 hcv were ihrer days ami finir nights palling tliefe fortlls, during whiihtime they met no alarm liom the wild bealls who rcfort in the iklertsot Africa. The faither they advanced the more their mirerici detiealed, as they Irtiiutntly met w ith (lelils ol barley lit to be cut, among which lirilfon could (it and cat with a picaliiie dilhcult to c.xpief'*. Water was no lon|;( r Icarce, and they often met w iih hamlets w here they were well received; even in fome of thole Mhich might have been ilangcrous toother traNcllcrs, Sidy Sellem was refpeeted, bccaulc he had been to Mecca. Nothwiihllandmg, the Arabs of the tribe of lelkocnnes are held in the grcatefl conlideration lor holpitality. Alter having received him with the cullomary honours due to a llranger, at their ufiial hour they brought him barley, flour, and milk. What he left appeitaiiKd to lirillbn ; and which, retiring to u dillanec, he lliared with his new companion, the baker I lor, in travelling, a Chriflian (more jwrti- culai ly than nt another tunc) mull neither eat, drink, nor lleep near hi^ mailer. One evening, after (up- ]K-r, Hrillbn dii;; a hollow in the land, to lay him down in Ihelter from 'he cold, wrapping the cloth he worealuiut his body on his head, to defend his ryes from the liiiul, iJe liad hardly attempted to fall alKep, when he heard the rejwrt of two guns very near him, and toiiiut himlilt inflaiitly ler/.ed. He tore the lovering off his iicad 1 it was on lire, doubtlel's from the w.idding of the gun. One of thole who held him afked if he was woiiiuletl, and upon his anl\\euiig 111 the iieguiive ordered hiiii to follow thrm. Sidy Sellem, who had aw()l:e .it ii,. report of the guns, ran lo the place where he hrini IJnIi'on'i viiice, com|)laining ot' their bch.iviour m his Have, and their w.intot holpitality to a pcrfoT like himfelt'. 'Ihc Arab monnt.iinccr rcpljcil v.-s great arrog.inco, lie wa< i^jnoiant that he belo:; • | to him ! that as he w itihed his flocks, fecinjr.T liu,, concealed in the faiid, he look him for one ol thofj nightly thieves who (le.il their )oungroat!i. SiJv Selkm (eigiK-il to beluve him, praifed nis zeal :nd relcued Jkilli)n from his hands. As lijon ,is he thoui'ht all Ihll in the h.imlet, he haflcned toilc. part from a Ipot which mijjht i>rove dangerous to iiimfell as to his Have. I h.fe Arabs of the tribe of Telkocnnrs arc the worll liiuaied of any in the dcferts, living in the miilll of mountains of' fand which have been Ibrnir t by the wiml. They ntay be truly faiif to will; ^ deprive thcmfelv.s even of tlic li;;ht of liav, fodi;. ficult is It to peiietiate info their retreats, or to ex. plorc the way from them. The neighbouring n|.i:;;j arc infelled Witli enoriiunis ferpcnts. They now approached the famous city of (louad. num, which was difcovcred through the |H)intsof rock built on an elevation, and whole rnvirniis,in. nounced a tormidai>!c tbriilicatioiii bur, onancanr view, thcwaIN wercfound made of earth, and hrokfi in fevcral places -, fome inhabitants fhewcd them. felves at the little w iiulows on the houlc-tops, anj were doubtlefs meditating whether they could i!o them any in|ury. Ihe chief of the town, informal that Sidy Sr]lcm wa^ at the head of their little can- van, came to meet them, followed by four ncpm (laves, who earned an umbrella made of palm lcavi.5, which he prelented to him. I his city IS the relugc- of all the rcbcllioiii Aralu of the different tribes, and is divided into twopir , the lower being governcil by Sidy Adella, ami the higher, which is not unlike fort fabat, byamiihcr commander. The hoiiles arc all conllrtioled alikr, being (our large walls (urroundiiig a prodigious f|%(; of ground, thole of the lame party living togcihiri thefe walls are very high, have but one ciittancc, nor any light but what comcn from the root, whuh is left uncovered. The door, which fcrvcs for the whole ( ircun.'e cnce, is guarded by huge lioijs; every inhabitant aUo of the dwelling keeps one fof * -ft hii] M. BRISSON's VOYAGE to the COAST of AFRICA. '73 Ills own Iccurity ; tor without that caution, thouf>h fiiclolVti in their own habitation, they would be pil- I gj iiy all their inmates, who might be bolder or „,oic licxtrous than thtmlelves. It.cy have two markctii ; aiui though they circii- htc fpccic, the exchange of merchandize is their principal objcd. They have very good woollen loths, iif"! particularly fomc Ota mixture of crim- I'on and white, which they ufc as cloathing. The dalers, who purchafc to fell again in the interior parts, give camels in exchange, their ordinary pro- lit being about four hundred for one, and yet ihcir caiiis on this article is much lefs than on wheat, litts, horfcs, flieep, oxen, afles, gunpowder, tobacco, combs, Icoking-glaflcs, and many other fmall ar- ticKs, which arc difficult to procure in the interior piTi', the confumption being in the little towns, where tlicrc are days iixed (or the faleof them. What is niofi ilirpnling is, that fcarcc any but [j«s trade; they arc, notwithftanding, cxpofed to -.• iTiO!* outrageous affronts. .An Arab will fnatch liii bread trom the hand of a Jew, enter his hut, iiiii i'l'i'^ *^'^ '''* ti'V'"8 l^'"* ^ handful of tobacco, frtqutiuly accompanying the demand with a blow, j^() j|«avs with lufoiciice, which the poor Jew luf- ttn «iih jwticnce : it is ttuc he rccompenfes him- Ijjl^ liy his (kill in difpoting of his merchandr/.c, ind the art with which he deceives the Arabs, who „(. in general very ignorant. I'hc two chici's who command at Gouadnum hue no fuiicriority, except they exceed each other II, point ol projH-rty. linlli'n lett Gouadnum, after a (lay of eight days ; i uuion his way to Kcgadcn was perpetually meeting ■ iih hamlets and catties, for the moll part built on tcrvhigh mountains, and which at aditlancc might Kjvc I'ci" t''^'^" 'o"^ very cicgaiii dwellings, but on jncircr view bore a vcr) dilterent appearance. 1 hey vi-rrno longer fo well led, and the nearer they ap- prcichcd the city they met the lefs hofpitality. I ll.cy had now been 6(> days on thi-ir journey j ! Brilfon's ilrcngth was cxluultcd ; his Icet fwcllcd jiinoll to fiippuration, and he mull infallibly have lunk undir his calamines, had not his matter iKcn nrixtuilly re-animating his courage with comlurt- jhlc .ilTuranccs. With joy incxprcliible he now bchclii the French Hag unlurled, as will as thofc o'inlicr nations appertaining :o the vcfl'cis lying at wchor in the bay of Mogadore, which ho yet only tnt» by the name of Soira. At kiigth they arrival at the city ; but flill UrifTon I «ii n»: Irce from inquietude, as he had heard before buinitcd France that the Iim|Kror had very ill mjtul M. tie Chcnicr on his emhady, and that he hiJlHCii ncccllitatcd to complain to his own court. I Ik knew not whether he had lu-cn rodrelled, and iiifrclli conful fupplied his place ; at all events he IbJuiilc lot fear. His fufpicions foon vanilhed loncMtcring the city, and meeting two Europeans, liiio, alter confidcring him attentively, went and linkmicd Melf. Dupras and Cabanesofhit fitiiation. iTl'.tk'f^nilcmen, who made it their lludy to relieve lihofculiom misfortune had thrown into this country, Itinciiiiniediately tufrck him, and, without feeming llucUd at his revolting appearance, embraced him, |lh(iUiiig tears uf joy to nave it in their i>ower to "tan unfortunate fuH'crcr. They took him with liban immediately, engaging his madcr to follow It^r^i, defiring him to be perfectly cafy on account |cl]ny3|;rce!ncnt Urillun might have contracted with Ibni, Urillim likcwife entreated them to permit Ibmiocondiid .Sidy Scjiem and his fun with them: libcy cunfentcd, deliring him to ufc their dwelling III hi( imn, treating him with the grcated care, lincnuon, and fricndfliip, and cloathing him entirely linthcirowii habiliments, until they had fomcmadc Ihliiin. BrilTun was Toon after vificct] by all the Europeans "■ '5* ;t V !, \ ■& '!M»"- '"''llW ■,'.I K-.H' I at Mogadore, congratulating him on the change in his lituat'on, and alfo on his arrival in the city on the mofl foitiMiate time it could have happened, bein;,' tl,e entrance of the new conful. who brought conliderablc prefents from France tor the Emperor. Hrillbn was prelciucd the fame day to the governor, ' who infonr.rd rhctnof the order to repair to Morocco, the Emperor having declared that henceforward he would fee all the Haves, and that they ,'hould receive from Inmfclf the tidings of liberty, Hriflun, Sidy SellLiii, and the baker, in eight days departed. They were furnifhed with mule's, a tent, provilions, and proper attendants, and after fout da)s journey arrived at Morocco. The guard who h.id rhc c.ire of HrifTon pre- ■fctitrd him to the conful and vicc-counltil ; they oifi^rcd him a table and habitation, until he coidd return to Frame. A fccond guard came to inform him, that the limprror knew of his arrival, and had commanded him to be brought inftnntly before him. Hrillbii immediately obeyed, lollov. ing the guard, who took him through feviral fpacious courts, with high walls and fand floors, almolf in- futferable from the tun lying on them the whole day, 'I'hey arrived at laft into one where the King's guard were allemblcd : thofe triiployed about his ptrfon arc armed with guns; their cloathing con- lids of different coloured tunics, and cloaks with hoods not unlike a friar's. On their heads they wear a fmall red cap, ornamented on the top with a blue taflcl. Their feet are almoft naked, going but half into their flippers, which obliges them to trail as they walk. They fling their guns acrofs them, and wear a girdle, to which they attach their pouches. 1 hole who appeared out of fervicc had no vuapon lut a white Itirk. 1 he horli men arc drclTed the fame, except that they wear halt-boots without tcet, and (purs of the enormous length of nine or ten inches, which have much the ap|Karaiicc of large iron fpikcs. Their horfcs have aliiuifl always their flanks cut to the quick, as they take particular plealurc in fpurring them. While Briflbn uaitcd for an audience, he Cwv % captain review his company, who was leated on the ground with his elbows on his knees, which were l)c'nt upwards, and his chin fupportcd with his hands. The foldicis advanced two by two, and received his orders, proflrating thtmfelves before him ; alter which they retired. live or fix of thole who were only armed vith white flicks feizcd UrifFon by the collar, as though he had been a thief, and opening a large ti)lding- door, relembling thofe of barns, they piilhcd him rudely lorward into an inner court, where he in vaiti iuught iur lomeihing that might announce the grandeur of Majelly, After advancing fifteen or twenty paces t«)warils a kind uf wheelbarrow, they conuuandcd him (pulhing him roughly at the fame time) toprollrate himfelt before this whccl-barrow, which contained ilie Kmperor, who, fupjwrting one fout on his knee, was amuting himfelf in playing with liis toes. He looked at him during fomc mi- nutes; then aikcd him, whether he was not one of thofe ChriHiaii flavcs whole vtllel had been wrecked on his coall about a year before, and what bufinent called him to Senegal, I ic then remarked that he was wrecked through his mifconduct ; alkcd why he dill not keep feariwm, mquircd if he was rich and married, giving him fcarce time to anfuer his qucllions. tic then called tor ink and paper, and taking a rinail reed, which he ufcd as a pen, he traced the four winds, Ihcwing briflbn that Paris was in the north. nrifl()n's mndcr was immediately introduced with the fume ceremonies as he had been himfelf, Tiic tmperur aikcd him, it he had paid a large purchafe • X X ,, , ^,. ., ,„ ,., ,, for mm:- Ur !, T, ^"' ;t4i ■'^•i'iiiliH PTOlli »'■ fM mm mMimml i ■\*l1|i I'M ''III V I Si'L WW I ^mi: if I m m '74 NEW COLLECTION 6e VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ir\h\ 'wmj^ for Briflbn, and what were his intentions in coming -tb Morocco. He immediately replied, that his firlt incentive in travelling through immenfe countries was to prodrate at the teet ot his fovcieign the moll humble of his fljves. After fonjc ihort converfa- tion, the Emperor oi-dered the guards 'o take charge of liiiffonand the baker until further orders, and to give them food from the royal kitchen. The guard exprcffcd great furprife to UriiTon, that his Majefty had deigned to convcrfe fo long with a Have. J The next day the conful alked the guard to per- mit Briffon to be with him, faying, that flinuld the Emperor afk for him, they could fetch him imme- diately. Briffon now went to his new dwelling, which was a kind of cave that had before been in- habited by the SpaniOi ambaffador, the Emperor, willing to ufe equal attention to the French conful, having ordered him the fime lodging. This palace, which is one of the finelt the King, has at his dif- pofal, is nothing more than a long cave built in the earth, the roof being fupported by two rows of pillars, and the entrance to it a grailu.il Hope ; nor is there any air but what enters through the little openings in the roof. The Emperor keeps his tents and warlike llores in it, nor is there any thing clfe to be feen there, except bats, rats, and (pidcrs. This dv.elling is in one of the King's mod delight- ful gardens, being decorated with olive, quince, pomegranate, and apple-trees ; yet the high walls which furround it might eafily fuinilh the idea to thofe that walk in it that they were ftate prifoners. Though the Emperor provides the Ambaffadors with a dwelling, hcfupplie* them with no turniture what- ever, but gives orders for them to be daily fcrvcd with a certain quantity ot mutton, beef, poultry, water, bread, Ike. The King's palace confiflt of fix v«ft courts, fur- rounded with walls. The exterior of the feraglio lefcmblesa bain, and the molque is built in the fame tafte. The town is fcparated from the palace by heaps of mud, offal, and bones of ilaughtcred hearts, piled on each other, ami which may be faid to form the circumference of the city. Thele pyra- mids of filth reach even into the interior parts of the town, in many places being fo much higher than the houfos, that they exclude the light of day: the fun fliining on thcfc mountains of naltinefs, increafes the putrefacftion, and rcndeis the fight doubly luath- jbme. The houfcs are fo ill conftruftcd, that they bear more reftmblance to pig-fties than human dwellings } neither are rhe ftreels airy, being very narrow, and in many places covered with Uraw. One day that the ambaffador from New-England, the conful, and Unffon, were on horfeback, wilhing to take an airing, they were obliged to relinf.nifK their intention, and return home as fpccdily as poi fiblc ; the people (urroundcd them, and prevented their advancing, although they were protefted by the Emperor's guard, and without which they had doubtleis fallen a facrifice to their brutality j nor did even their prcfcme rcilrain them fufliciently, fur Unffon received a violent blow on the head with a (lone. The difpofitions of the people in the city are but little difitrent from thofe in the defert ; they arc rather more poli(hcd,and much fairer ; atcurtomed to meet with Europeans, they exprefs lefs artonilh- incnt at their manners, though they treat them with the utmoft infolcnce. The wilhcd-lor time now came when Briffon's fla- very was to ceafc. One day the King on quitting the mofque ordered the conful to attend, with the t.hrif- ftian (laves, in the place of public audience. Briffon, the baker, and five others who belonged to a vrffcl called the Two Friends, which was wrecked previdus to theirs, received their liberty, and had permiflion to embark from which nf the King's ports was moft convenient; while piopcrofliccrs were ordered to ac- company them to the refidencc appointed the conful. The Emperor was mounted on a beautiful horic caparifoncd in fcarlct and blue cloth, with his crun! per ornamented with nobs of gold : by the Uje of the Sovereign walked an cquciry, who carried jn umbrella to defend his Majelly (lom tJic iuii. n,. guard follow on foot in the greatell filcnce, all an. nouncing fear, a glance from the King IprcaOini univerfal conrternation ; for giving comnund, jw fees fall without the lead emotion the head of one or more of his fubje condemnation hardly articulated before the unhip. py viclim is lifetcU on the grouad. Yet the rich it they chufe to buy his favour, may live in fafety' and commit every crime with impunity. Before Briffon's departure Sidy Sellem retirnj having becu very well faiisfied with the coniui'j generofity. It is now ncceffary to add fome curfory obfon„ i tions, in order to furnifh the reader wiihajultuj., of the manners and cufioms of the people alu] . (p(>ktii of. ' The Moors occupy the three h'.iigdnms of Suj Fez, and Morocco. Tliat pjit vt Uuidiilj^cnil i,,;t I is VKadied by the Atlantic Ocean is iiiii.il)i(cd In ii, native Arabs, and by the fugitive Moors trom i^^ empire of Morocco, tootnlii^hlcned to remain iM,,i;t the dominion of a maffcr wl o rules over hib puipie with abfolute fway, and *\\o makes his latctpixl happincl's confift in the mifery of his iu'jcas. This mixture forms one rod the tunc n, j^ known iodiicrimiaatciy by tftc appellation ot Mua. felemines. Zaara, as far s? the Niger, contains a varicvofl wandering nations, ail proceeding tiom Antn Moors, and fugitive Portugucfe, who tonkrtt';.- there when the iamily nt itic Shcrifs made ilicm. | lelvcs mailers of the three kingdoms of llJI^^|v. Ail thcie people bear indilcriminately the n.irr.rs .t I Nars, Moors, or Arabs. Thsy are luhdiviilcu ■,r.a\ various nations, of which the moil conlioinblc jicj the Mongcarts, 'I'lafais, and llracnars. The firll ot theie ihtee dcnoiniiinti.in* isit(tD| of contempt among the people who lurround ih-m no doubt bccaiile thoic who bear it, leU vriicJiiiig| their neighbours ill the ufe of arms, arc id jjrn.Nl occupied by the care and tlie feeding ot their run.- 1 while the iMoAfcleinines, on Ihecontiaiy, tin i hi flicplicids altb, are uariiors to a man. The Tiafars and the Hracnars arc no mote i', othern.ulons I'cattcrcJ about on thenortliciu biii,,)| of (he Niger. Religion, according to ihefe pc«>plc, is mahonr. tanilm in all its purity. They oHcr up prjin three times a day, lomctintM ofteiicr ; but iIktI arc never pronounced in public, unlels whni il mahometan pricU is with the horde, wlioldilml comes but on account of the children's cducjiin.f Then all the Aiabs affemble at the hour of priyr.J place themfelves in a line, turn to the nit, jtiij wanting water in the delni, ruH the'r faie and aimil with fand, while the piicft iccites aloud the pcmTill prayer, which is the fame as that rehe^ifcd hy (htl public crier on the mofiiues in the civiliJttI c"iiiitrin.| The pricfis are employed in travelling ahoi:! ilitj country to in(lru nialirr, m bfir the diltindi' hith. War is not tin jiTlicls this nation r{:lt in their bati niiHe by their f tfiirvrs ; for theft l^e lj«'.. Ail tho impunity, is to av not 10 be caught i is (fvrrrly punifhct own hnide ; but tc Iicirti a' the viry i WhfP an Aiab rttiiin finni tlunce cire to kri-p his j tjcked. Ncichboii Harp by his mdiill in ilicc'iintry appi hi'pc of bt'Oty (piM thry may have nol »ht'n (iic night ih c li) pi'lai^c. Tlicir intention i Ajvmir to liirprile, niilicis of every tl Hut It lometinics ha I" plunder, being ; bis country, keeps fuard, flits upon h; Le oblerves, and t)i dj.srgcr. Ihe lepo bnngs out the ncigf of the laws of holp Weaker lidc. They fslly kill the aggrcfli Iclvcs by a fpeedy fli In thefe tales it lit tnds there; the dead I nor do the family cv content thcmlclves \ iliey were killed, tin «iid heaping up all i I lonib. The chiefs of liwd I finiili,s. i he difien «!; the chief often .M. BRlSSON's VOYAGE to the COAST of AFR IC A. ■«75 Thofc who prrfcverc in the ftticly of the Koran I arc nude pticlls, after having p.ill an examination before thi- learned eklcrs, anil cnji>y the giealcft public confideiation. They have no need iti cattle, thofe of the nation being their'a, they find tlicir lublilU-nce every where. li is generally at firvtn or eight years of age that ; (hililren undergo the painful operation of ctrciim- cifii'ii. Their head is alio (liaved, nothing being lelt hut four loeks of hair, one of which is cut olF in a meeting of the family, at each remarkable adi'in pertornicd by the chikl. If, at the age of twelve or thirteen, he Icill a wild b.inr, or other bead of prey, th»t fhonid fall upon his 11 'ck, he lofes one of his locks. If, in the paf- fiftc of a river, a camel be carried away by the fiream, and he fave it by fwimming to its aflift- aiAi-, another is cut olF. If he kill a lion, a tiger, jr a warrior of an hoftile nation, in a furprife or an fltMck, he is conlidered as a man, and his head is tMMily (hivril. Silouni docs an Arab reach the age of twenty, »itl,oiit having tieltrvcd this honour, for as they are alhanicd of being treated like children, they ex p,ifc tiicnifclvcs ro the greateft dangers to obtain it. Inliiiitf relptCl is paid to all i)ld men, whatever be their family. They enjoy the fame prerogatives IS the pritits, and equal confideration with them and the .Vrabs who have had the good fortune to tifit the tomb of Mahomet at Mecca. The latter ,iediUingui(hed by the appellation of Sidi, which f:.'niru> mailer, while the rcll of the nation only bur the diftind ive names they received at their b.idi. War is not the moft formidable fcourgc that aiTlicls ihis nation ; tor thcic is always little blood f|lt in their battles. Much greater nivages are riKJe by their private quarrels. They are all thifvr'. ; for theft is in a manner authorized by the ijw''. All that is neceflary to pradilc it with impiiniy. is to avoid profecution, t^y taking care not to be caught in the fad. It is tiue that theft isfcviTcIy punilhed, if an Arab rob another of his own lioidej but to be puniflied, he mull be dc- ucm! y the vtry moment. When .in .\iab is going to market, or on his rttiiin fi >ni thence, if he do not take the greateft care to keep his j urney a fecret, he is often al- lAckfil. Ncighbouiiiig Arabs arc dtlirous of pro- f.;ir.p by his tnduUiy,' and as there are no perfons ill iliec'uiniry appiiuited to apprehend robbers, the hire of biioty Ipurs them on to the attack. That thry may have nothing to fear, they lay in wait, vhiii il.c night is coming on, for him tlicy mean to i'ina,2;c. TIair intention is never to kill ; they only en- tkavoiir to furprife, (lilarm, and make thcmfclvcs niallcis of every thing that comes in their way. Hut It lometimes happens that the man they intend to plunder, being acquainted with the cuftoms of bis country, keeps an attentive ear, ftands on his guird, fius upon his aflailants at the firft motion he oblcrves, and then fights dcfpcratcly with his (Ijjgcr. Ihe report of the mufquct frequently bniigs out the neighbouring Arabs, who, in virtue ol the laws of hulpitality, take the defence of the weaker lide. They run up well armed, and gene- rally kill the aggreflbri, if they do not fave thcm< fdvcs by a fpeedy flight. In tlicfe cales it little matters who falls ; the aifaii' ends there ; the dead man paffes for the aggreflbr ; I nor do the family ever feck (or vengeance. They cnntciit thcmfelves with burying the dead where t!icy were killed, turning their heads to the eatt, iiid heaping up all the Hones at hand upon their I (ofl)b. The chiefs of luudcs are always thceldcftof their fimiiit!!. I he diti'crence of wealth is not confider- (d; the chief often having fcvcral individusls at 1 his hmtfe richer than'htmfclf, who neverthclefs obey him in every particular ; he is, properly ipcakiog, their king ; examines their difference with the old men, and judges without appeal. As to himfelf, he tfannot be tried, but by the chiefs of feverat hordes afTembled. Whatever lofles an Arab may meet with, he is never heard to cotilplain ; tie rifes fuperior to po- verty, fupports hunger, thlrft, and fatigue, with patience, and his courage is proof againft every event. He employs, however, every means in his power to avert misfortune j and often expofes him- fclf to the greateft daogers to procure matters of no real ntiMty. When the father of a family dies, all the cfTecf s in liis tent are fcized upon by the eldeft fon prefent at his dcccafe. Gold, filvcr, trinkets, every thing difappears, and the abfent children have only au equal fliarc in the divilion of the cattle and the Haves. The girls are entirely excluded from all paiticipa- tion, and take up their refidencc with their eldeft brother. If the deceafed leave children in helplefs infancy, the mother takes them with her to her filler's, if flie have a filler married j if not, to her own maternal roof. The women arc much more refpecled among the Mongearts than among the neighbouring nations ; they arc neverthclefs in a Rate of fubjeclion that nearly approaches flavery. All the freemen and Haves of the fame religion eat together, the remains ferving for the women. Although polygamy be authorifed by their religion, few Arabs however take more than one wife. They repudiate her, it is true, at will, when {he does not bear them boys, but then (he is free to live with another man ; but if, on the contrary, (he have the good fortune to have one or more male children, her hulband's re- gartl for her is inconceivable. When a woman is not agreeable to her hufband, or when he is difagrecable to her, they have it in their power to part. The formality in this cafe conGlls in the wife's retiring to her parents, If the hulband be attached to her he goes thither in queft of her ; but if (he perfift in refuling to return (he is free, and at liberty to marry another. If however (he have had a child, efpecially a boy, (he has not the fame privilege; in that cafe, if her retreat (hould laft mure than eight days, it might be pu- nifhcd with death. When a man beats his wife, it is a fure Cgn that he is finccrely attached to her, and that he does not mean to part with her; if he content himfclfwitli reproaches, the wife thinks herfilf dcfpilcd, and infallibly retires to her parents. Hence it is that in the moft trifling difputes the women arc cruelly beaten : they prefer it to the complaints that the hufband might make to their parents ; this proof being the moft certain one of a man's fondnels for his wife. When a girl marries, (he makes up her mind to fuch treatment, deeming it nuich mure fupportablc than the humiliations (he would other- wife experience from her family, in confequcnce of her hulband's complaints. The wife brings no portion to her huiband : the fidelity of the women is incorruptible. Suth have been the Adienturts^ Ctipth'ity, Misfor- tunet-, *w^f« ANEW, COMPLETE, and GENUINE HISTORYoF A VOYAGE to MADAGASCAR ■ A N D T H E ' EAST.INDIES; i UNDERTAKEN AND PERFORMKD '. '. ,. By the Celebrated ABBE ROC HON, "' Member of the Academics of Sciences of Paris and Pettrjburgh ; Aftronomer of the Marine; Kccptr of the King's Philofophical Cabinet ; InfpcClor of Machines, Moneys &:c. With Full and Circumftantial Accounts of the different ISLANDS, &c. and their Positions according to his Astronomical Observations. Including M. BRUNEI'S Remarks on the CIIINESF. TRADE, Fully and Accurately Tranflated from the French bv W. H. PORl LOCK, Esy. Which, with the fcveral other VOYAGES and TRAVELS to be included in this Colleclion, will beEmbdliflied with a Variety of Elegant COPPEll-PLATES. Drawn upon the Spots, and Engraved by Kminent Artitts. L- » INTRODUCTION. THE Moori(h vcflcls were the firft which na- vigated the Gulphs of Perfia' and Bengal ; they fct out from the ports of the Red Sea, and for the chief p^rt diredled their courfe to the Gulph of Pcrha. They frequently piocccd«d along the coafls of AbyfTinia, and without lofiiig fight of land entered the Channel of Mozambique, where they traded with the natives both of the coaft of Africa and Madagafcar. The ports which they generally vifited on the African coail were Querimbc and Mozambique: in Madagafcar, Vingara and Bombetoe. Notwithftanding the ignorance of pilots and im- perfection of charts the Afiatics frequently engaged in ha7.ardou$ attempts. They have often ventured into the open ocean ; and when they had traverfcd the Gulph of Bengal proceeded to the Moluccas and the Philippines, through the Straits of Sunda and Molucca, for the fake of a lucrative commerce, as a reciprocal exchange of Pcrlian and Indian mer- chandifc, w ith the merchandife of China and Japan, was produdlivc of a trade mutually advantageous. The Portugucfc next, having found a paflagc to the feas of Mn, by the Cape of Good Hope, en- deavoured to exclude every other nation, and enrich thcttifelvcs by the great commerce of that vaft con- tinent. Vafco de (Jama having opened to the Eu- roj-cans a paflagc to the feas of Africa, the Europeans and Portugucfc confc>|uently became rivals. The trade which the Moors carried on in the Aiiatu; fcas, though not to be compared with the cxtcnfivo commerce fincc carried on by the £\iro- jKan nations, was by no means defpicable. The defign nf Abbe Rochon in this undertaking is not to give a hirtory of ihc progrefs and decline of the European cftablift\mcnts in India, which would be both tedious and unncce(rary,feeingfomany celebrat- ed hiflorians have already expatiated upon the fubjeift; but to fet forth, in a faithful account of the llland of Madagafcar, the fcveral advantages which might be (terivcd from fcttlements there, were they formed on fui h an eligible plan as would promote both the happinefs and inllruc'tion of the .i^lives. In order to render this work in every rcfj)<:>:lad. vantagtous to the navigator, who is intliiicd to go to India, the lalt chapter is dc-voted entirely to fonw nccelTiry rcmaiks on the Chinefe Trade, extrailcj from the works of M. Brunei. There arc other ex- tradts likcwifc borrowed from the fame rlc),ant writer, in order to lUuftratc the following hiftory of Rochon. The principal fettlerncnts which the French had in the Indian feas were the Ides of France and Bourbon ; thcfc were difcovercd by the Portiijnicff, who called the former Cimi, and the latter Mslcoi- hcnas. The port of the former is the arfcnal of the French forces and the center of their commcrcf. The Ifle of Bourbon has no port capble of rccciv. ing veflcis of magnitude. The principal place in this illc is called St. Dennis, ft is in this town that the governors of the colony vciidc. Since the Iflc of Bourbon was inhabited, :he volcano there hai never occafioncd any dcvafVition, though its crup. tions are very common. T leaccefs to the volcano is difficult ; the country i^ burnt up and a dc. fert for more thin (ix mil; - round, while preci- pices, heaps of aflics, &c. render its afcent very dangerous and troublefomc. For the faiisfat'lionof our readers we (h.ill extraJf from M. Brunei's Me- moirs an account of this volcano: " It is lituated almoft at the fummit of a hollow truncated mountain, the bafc of which, gently in- clining, reds on a bed of calcined earth, at the diftancc of a full league from the fca. Though the matter it contains in its bowels boils up continiiallv, it does not always fwell fo much ai to rife through the crater. When an eruption takes place, the melted lava may be feen flowing down the (ides oi the mountain in undulations, which tbllow each other in fucceffion, and exhibit the appearance of i flaming cafcadc. The light which it ditfulcstoa great diftance, whether at land or at fca, is equilto that of the moon when ftie (hincs with full fplen- dour. It is even a tradition, believed in the coun- try, that this natural pharos flrA drew hither thofe Europeans who vilited theftjcoaftj. "Thj rcf. uhat : Illc c hii rup. olcano vcrv Me. hollow fly in- at the U the fiiiilly, kroug'i the tdcs ol ! each :of » I ks to i I ,)1 to I Ifplen- Icoun- • thoft I I i I tt' ■ !i ■J' 'i m m iv: i Bi'.K;*, rTkt ■nv frnf'^n ^ 'if. " The environs covered with fal-; pumice-ftone, anr" which diftingu' the frequency attended with earti of the inhabitants i a phenomenon, wl dangerous. It m; remark, that water from this vulcano, arc found in the ifl, " In the month ( cblerved in one c fiimniit of the mo dfiilcJ vapours, of ti'jin the ancient c 34th lava ran into 1 Utn thruvvu up, i brcadtli in fomc pi month after, the i abundance, formed Cxty fatbnrns in brc teet in depth. Tht ot more than thirty the lava fell into the grcenifh yellow, and of the fame colour This c'jrrcnt, parallc in the like manner oi firmed .1 projeflion, find mixed with a days after the arrival truft was formed at i podibic to afccnd ti place from which it i became infupportabU I tk tragical fate of I'li ' One however may v walk on a tnrrer ■n to rxuiiiine its i It the luperficic! Ik thick ice, whilft I through the crevices, feci hecdom btlow ; I obilacles, it flows b covers it with frefli Ikreforc, and finaofii (iurable degree of fol I ought to obferve with 'OiitheBrftof Ai but It flili emitted fine ttd at the bottom. S I or mouth was thought tbcdiliaiiceof aleaguc loftbcifland. Clouds I proceeded from a nvi I to approach during th I Ibccnd of that time it ludrmokeifluedfrom lobe the retreat of cer ■'4^^^ . mnations en the IJU tj l^'Panger of Hurriu '^•m's and Poivre't "<><'< and the Crew mi -Oinftquent Ruins— t'>ncifalObjtaiofRec Y"hl" Iflandi—Fi niinarks. When the ifleofi ' ' tnc ground was : Hiil^ which hang ov( fom the rage of wind very tops.. Torrent In, "0. I J. M. ROCHON's VOYAGE to the EAST INDIES. '77 <> The environs of the volcano are parched and covered with fal-ammoniac, native fulphur, alum, pumice-ftone, air' "coria. A remarkable peculiarity which didingu' his from all other volcanoes is, the frequency .i eruptions, which are never attended with earthquakes : the fecurity, therefore, of the inhabitants is not difturbcd by the vicinity of J phenomenon, which every where clfc is highly dangerous. It may nut, perhaps, be improper to renurk, that water has never been fcen to fpout up from this volcano, and that no hot miaeral fpriogs arc found in the ifland. ><■ In (he month of June, 1787, this volcano was oblerved in one of iti greateft eruptions. The fumniit of the mountain was covered with con- itndd vapours, of a blackifh colour, which rofe h jm the ancient crater in f^irai clouds. On the j^ih lava ran into the fea. Nine days after it had IxcQ thruwu up, it extended eighty fathoms in breadth in fomc places, and in others forty. A nicnth after, the matter, which flowed then in abundance, formed a current to the Tea of about hty fathoms in breadth, and from fifteen to lixteen tett in depth. The wave* fmoked at the diliance lit more than thirty fathoms from the place where iheiava fell into the water, appearing around of a grceoilh yellow, and forming a band to the leeward of the fame colour, nearly a league in length. This current, parallel to one older, and confilting in the like manner of fevcral (Irata of mrlted matter, fjrnK'J.! proje^ioQ, the bafis of which was volcanic fiiid mi.xed with a kind of iron drofs. Eleven diys >tter the arrival of the lava at the fea, a folid criill was formed at its furface, upon which it was polTibli: to afcend to within fifteen paces of the place from which it iflued ; but, as the hrit then Ixcamc infupportable, the obferver called to mind ihc tragical fate of Pliny, and reprcfftd his curioiity. OtK however may venture, without any danger, walk on a torrent of flowing lava, if care be Q to rxiiminc its efTc^ls. in uc places it fnon It tlie luperficies, which tbea becotnes hard Ike thick ice, whilll the liquid matter mav be feen tlirough the crevices, continuing iti conrie in per- fi:'t freedom btlow ; but, fometimet, meeting with obitKJes, it flows back, breaka the cnift, and coven it with frefli boiling lava. la declivities, tbcreforc, and finaofities, it u long in acquiring a (iuribie degree of folidity ; and this the curious I ought to obferve with attention. Un the firft of Auguft the hva ceafed to flow ; but it flill emitted fmoke, and appeared extremely ltd at the bottom. Some time after aaother crater or mouth was thought to have been diicovcrcd at the dilhnce of a league from St. Denois, the capital cftbciQand. Cloiuis of fmoke and a flrong neat proceeded from a ravine, which it ....j impoifible to approach during theipace of a month; but at theend of that time it was perceived that the heat ud fmoke iflued from a cavern, which was found 1 10 be the retreat of certaia Maroon negroes. Firt having been kindled in this place, either by accident, or on purpofe, it had been nourifhed by a quantity of leaves, flalks of maize, and other combdftible fubftances, lodged in it for a long time, which burned very flowly, becaufe the cavern received little air. The remains of birds neds foutid here plainly fliewed that this cavern had not alwayibeea cxpoled to the like degree of heat ; and this, added to other obfervations, quieted thofe alarms which had been excited by this new appearance. The ifle of France, in the neighbourhood, is conlidered as a country which has been expofed to violent con- vulfions of nature. It abounds with caverns, oaf- cades, precipices, fubterranean arches, iron mines, calcined flones, vitrifications, toirefied fand, and pyrites, which are ilriking vefliges of ancient vol- canoes ; but, on account of their antiquity, their fituation cannot no\7 be afcertained, nor their craters diflinguiOicd. The mod elevated mountain^ in this ifland are not above five hundred fathoms high, whereas in the ifle of Bourbon there are ?:aks which rife more than fifteen hundred fathoms, helc two iflands, which are diflant from each other only thirty leagues, were, doubtlefs, formerly united, and have been detached by fome prodigious efli)rt of nature. We have every rcafon to believe that they are flill cnnnedtcd at the bottom of the fea, and that there arc fubterranean paflages which form a communication between them. " The earthquake, which happened at the ifle of France, on the 4th of Augufi 1786, fcems to fupport this conjecture. That morning, at thirty- five minutes after fix, a calm fucceeded a ftrong breeze from the E. and E. S. E. which had pre- vailed for four days. A hollow noife, which terniinated in a fudden expInGon, like the report of a cannon, was heard in the S. W. quarter; and at thcr.iine inftint two ,iart (hocks were felt, one vertical and the other horizontal. At that time the barometer did not indicate the fmnllell change in the atmofphcrc ; and the E. S. E. breeze com- menced a quarter of an hour after, and continued till eleven the night following. This flrange phe- nomenon wait not attended with any accident fatal to the ifle of France -, and, by accounts from the ifle of Bourbon, it appeared, that the volcano there bad thrown up mucli larger quantities of lava thati for fomc days preceding. " We have realbn therefore to fuppofc that the combuftible fubllanccs in the caverns of the ifle of France, after fermenting, caught fire, and that having then endeavoured to force a paflage, they experienced a refiflance proportional to their force, which mufl have produced thofe fliocks above mentioned ; and that making an cSbrt afterwards in every dire^ion, they found a P'^age through fubterranean galleries to the ifle of Bourbon, where, meeting with Icfs refiflance, they iflued through the crater of the volcano, which prevented that ifland from experiencing any fliocks, though there might be the fame commotion in both places." CHAPTER I. |OJ/frv«/;Mj OH the IJU ef Fratut'^Tbt httmtty and Labour efM.De Trmelin in clearint the Harbtur, &e.— ^ Danger ef Hurricanes'— Their Evil and irrefijlible Ctnfequemes— Account of the Hurricane in 1771— Ri'.hn's and Poivre's Warninrs, which were di/ref,arded—The Le Verd Celand loft— The /tmbulante Ftule to/Jed aW, and the Crew miracutoim faved—A ficond Hurrieant — M. Brunei' t /tenunt of anotber'-Variou Difadert -Ctiifequent Ruins— Want o/Previ/hns, &c. &c.—The Fivneh Colonies indebted to M. Poivre—One 9/ the fniuifal Objeili of Rechon's Voyage — Pofilion of the Shoals, &c. with which the Archipelago abounds — Acmmtt njjtcbeylei Iflands— Flat ofCargadot — Salba de Maha— Ifland of Dien Garciut and the Adu Iflet-«! ground was all cleared by means of fire. IThcliiilj whicii hang over the harbour, and defend |i'rom the rage of winds, have been cultivated to :wy lops. Torrenu having been fonncd in No, I J. confeqaeBce of the trees being either burnt, or cut down, the harbour was choked up by the gravel i of courfe the anchoring ground is expoftd.to the violence of the fea and vnnd. M. de Tromelioi a very eminent captain in the • Y y nsvy. 178 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. navy, became an\iou8 to remedy this evil. M. Poivic was now Intendant of Irance and Bourbon. M. ilcTromclin h.iving obtaimd pcrmiflion, in the name of the colony, of the Duke dc IVafli:-.,, then niinilltr of tlie marine, proceeded now to change the comie of the torifnts, by dykes and channels ; this cleaied t.ie harbour, and prevented it from being choked up in future : by means of gunpowder he likewile broke to pieces under the water that part of the b.ink which oppolcd the paffage of Ihips. The hurricanes here arc irrefiliible: they are al- ways accompanied witli rain, Miunder, and an earth- quake. The atmnlphire fcems to be all fire, and th: wind rages equally tremendous fiom every quarter of the horizon. If the celerity of the wind exceed 50 feet per fectind, it it impoilible to refill its force : the Urongeft built houlcs are thereby thrown down, an'! the largeft trees torn up by the roots. There is no dependence on the weight of anchors or the llrength of cables, nor can even a good hctrom avail a vcird in her mooring. At tlic time of the hurricane both Abbe Rochon and M. ^.-ivre were exceedingly uneafy at the fudden falling of the mercury. It was then four in the afternoon, and .M I'oivrc invited the port captain to his houle : but that oflicer, who had been an cyc-witncls of the hurricane in the year J76J; was not ftruck, as they were, with the va- riation of the barometer. 14c faid, that there were moic certain means of foietelling hurricanes. Twenty-tour hours, faid he, before the huriicane commences, the blacks come down from the moun- tain, and announce its approach. Befides, the fcttmg of the lun will determine what niealures fhouitl be taken, in r,id«r to prevent, as much as pofliblc, thofc accidents which arc infi-panblc from tJu'e dreadful phx lomcna. M. I'oivics entreaties and Rochon's obfcrvations not bcing.capabic of pcr- fuadiiig the captain, they were obliged to wait till fun-fct. The Iky was then pure a.nd fcrenc; but the mercury liill continued to tall in the tube of the bariimi-t T. The tun fet very beautifully, and the port captai I, who had been a 1 ng time in the tier- vice of £ hall liiilia comp.ny, lett them in higu fpirits, and perfectly (tcurc nlpccling tiic misfor- tunes with which tiic ifland wis threatened. He fcrmrd to pity them, tor conlidering the vaiiaiion f,f the barometer as a matter ot fo much im- purtance. 'I he hurricane, however, con menccd at feven in the evening, that is to fay an hour after tun-fct. Eetorc nine .ll the vcdcis were driven on (liorc, except the Ambul.inle flute, and a tmall corvette, cilU'd le Veid (laland. Uy a fudden gulf the flute wasfoiced out to fc:, and the corvette being made fall to her by a cable, was entirely loU. . 1 lie Am- bulante, N^ithout tails, without rudder, and wiih- (ii't piiivilions for the tai ors, and a detachment of the Iiilh icgimcnt "f Ciarc, who did duty on board, was tolled about by the winds for more than twelve liouts. By their frequent fliifting flic was diiven (jviite round the illand, and at length call, in a moll (uiraculout manner, upon the only part of the coall where n n in luch a violent ftorm could fave their lives. What renders thcle ililallcrs more dit- trclling is, the impollibility ot their mutually alliil- ini,' each other. They mull remain motionlclii amidit the ruins by which they arc furroundcd ; they mull patiently wait for their fate, without being able to forelcc or avoid it. The violence and fury ot the wind prevent them from quitti.ig what- ever plac-* they have clinicn for flielter. This hurricane continued eighteen hours without intermiflion, nd with cijual violence. Neither the large quantitici of rain which fed, nor the thunder and lightning, were able to allay the fury ot the windi : but at three o'clock the next day the mer- cury,, which had fallen 25 lines, remained for fome minatcs (lationary. A little time after it again rnfci the fudden guiU then ccaicd, the wind became niuic Heady, and at Cis. in the evening it was polUbic to give fomc aflillanre to the unfortunate ;?c-jple who i ad been fhipwreckcd. During this hurricane, the communications in difTerent parts of the ifland were interrupted by the falling of tree , and the over, flowing of waters. They were three xfceks without any news of the Ambulantc, which had been call on flliorc at a place diftant only lix leagues Iruin Port Louis in the Ifle of France. All the crops which thev had brought for the ufe of the ifland were dcflroycd On that account it was reqiiilitc that every effort thould be made to repair thole vc.'^cls which hid fulTcrcd leaft by the ftorm : accordingly M. dclro- melin fet about this importaf fcrvice to the colony and to commerce. It was neceflaty to dilpatch in. ftantly lY : greater part of thefe vefllls to iVIadjgjf! c.ii , in feai cfi of (lores and provifions of every kind' M. Poivre had taken the lalutary precaution to nuke fevcral velT' Is winter at the Cape of Gnod Hope Thefc vellels, when informed of the (lilaiicr which had befallen the Klcot I'laitce, biouj;h: it (uppljc, in abundance, and thefc fiipplics faved the colony for they arrived loin after the fecond hurricane which happened the futceeding month, the new' ravages of which had dcprclUd the courage and hopes of the unfortunate inhabitants. The damwe which the fliips tutlained in the harbour hytL violence of the waves and the impetuoii'y of d,, wind, in the ffcofid hunicanc. was much interior to what they had futhined by the firll. The vjrii. tion ot the barometer itifoi nird t hem of their din»er and they each uled the utmotl expedition topruvidj for their fatety. V\'e Ihall here deviate awhile, in order to tike notice of a hurricine which happened at the |Q( of 1 ranee on the night between the ytli and M\^ of April, 177J, and which according to M. Hiund', account was attended with the moll dilnul cllich. The llorm began about nine in the cveiiitig, wliej the mo|)ly of corn and rice 'was altcr- wards procuicvi Ironi Bcn^al, the coall of Coroman- jjl tlic Cape of Ciood \-lo,<, the illand of Mada- Mlt:ir, and the Perfi.ii> Gulph." ^ ihc I icnch colonics arc much indebted to M. i'oivrc for fonic vahiabic plants, as he was very at- tentive in eniii-hmg tae colony cntrulled to his caro with every ncccffary production that could be pur- ch.iliJ from the old tali India Company. One I'f the principal objects of Abbe Rochon's vovauc was to dcttrnune the fuuation of the Ihoals j„;,\|uii.ktands, w ith which the arclnpelago abounds, uTicli div.iks the mountains of Bourbon Iroin the liJiat) Ov-taii. In order 10 avoid this ari. hipelago ot fmall illands ,nJ ll'.oals, liiuatcd to the north, the vellcls which fcKHit fri-m tlie Ilk ol l-raiKC tor India were oblig- fj lUiriiig the two inoiUooiia, to porluc a tedious aiili indiivct loutc ; tor as navii;ators were ignorant ol ihe true polition ot thole dangerous llioals, it was uiilalc tor any fmsadron to attempt a niore direct CDiirre. M'l"-' Roi^lion uas the tirit, who, by allro nomical oH'uvation, diarmined the poliiioii of the nuil dai\;erous of thele linail tUands. Tfofe to Mhicli Kochon particularly attended were the Sc. ch'alcs lllan.U, the flat of Cargados, Salha dc Maha, the liiand of Diigo-Garcia, antl the Adu illcs. Tiic Illand ol' .Scchiylcs is tituatcd in the latitude jf, dcg. jS mm. S. and in the longitude of 53 deg. , mm. i. trom I'aris. It is an exceeding good harbour, and covered with wood to the very top ^1 ihc mountains. It aboundi with land and lea tiifioilts, lomc ol which weigh three hundred iKjunds. 1.1 1769 Rochon Ipent a month here in order to ,. ternunc its politioii with the utmolt exaCtnefs : SaiicylcN and the adjacent illes were inhabiteil then onlv b) monltrous croeodilcs ; Init a fmall cllablilh- mcni hJ'. hem lince tormed in it for thecultivation of n [m-:^" ■«nd cloves. In one ot thcfc illands, called tne Ilk of Palm.'., there is found a tree which bears thu celcbraied fruit, known by the name of the couiaot the Maldives, or fra cocoa. Among the iiumher of ihc nioft remarkable ob- ifrt» li the port ot Diego (Jarcia. That illand, wliuh Rochon judged to be twelve leagues in cir- cumlcrcnce, has ■ very plcaling al|)ccl. Its lorm IS like that of a horfcftioe. Its greatcft breadth is not above a ijuartcr of a league: yet the land is hif;henouj;h to indole and Ibelter a valt bafon, ca- pable of containing the largelt lUct. 1 his bafon II about four leagues in length, «nd its mean hnjath IS al>o;it one. It lorms an excellent harbour, aiiJ has two entrances on the northern lido. I hefc lalLijics are exceedingly beautiful. It is lituated in litmide 7 dvg. 14 mm. S. and in longitude (>8 deg, v.. iriim Pans. With regard to the llioals which jhmiiul m this archijH-lago, they arc as yet not all liiiown. Cayados and St. Brandon have been confounded hy M. d'Aprts : the former has the form of a cref- (riit, and the latter that of an equilateral triangle. The Adu IlliniU, which are twelve in number, arc (oniKited by a reef of rocks, which at low water atlord a palVage from the one to the other. They form a bay about fix miles in circumftrencc. The iulia(;c which atlordi an entrance to it lies on the (j|»irn liiie 1 the water is about 30 fathoms deep. Thu hay, which is of a circular form, has in its middle aliiul hink nearly fquarc, and nlmoft a quarter of J liaj;ue in circumference. 1 Here is a great quan- tity of llicll-tilh in it and other dirtcrent kinds of lilh. The illcn aic flit and covered with cocoa- Ircci. The IPc of Sable (wh'.ch wu difcovcred in i7»a) ii ilat a'lJ about a quarter of a mile in circumfc- tcnc^;. At its northern and fouthern 'xtremitica frefli water fit for drinking may be found at 15 feet depth. The molt elevateil part of this Hit is only fifteen feet above the level of the fca ; it is fix hun- dred fathoms long and three hundred broad. The illand is very barren and dcftitute of Ihclter. The Illand of Madagafcar was difcovered by Lau- rence Almyda in 1506 ; but it was long before known to the Pcrfi^.ns and Arab. The Portugucfc when thty difcovered this ifland gave it ihe name of St. Lawrence. The French called it He Dauphine in the reign of Henry IV. Its real name is Madccafle, which has been fince corrupted into Madagafcar. This illand is divided into twenty-eight provinces, which are, AnofTy, Manapani. the valley of Am- boule, Vohitzan, Wattc-Manahore, Ycondre, t".to- mampf), Adchimcufv, Krcngdranes, Voliicz-Ang- hombes, Manacarongha, Mantatane, Aniavcrcb, (jlialemboulc, Tamatave, Sihavah, Voulou-Vo ilou, Andafoiitchy, Manghabey, Adcimoutth), Man- drarey, Ampatre, Carcmboule, Mahafallcy, Hou- louvey, Sivah, Yvandrhou, and M.k hicores. This large ifland extends iiitnoll: N. N. E. and S. S. VV. and lies between the twelfth and twenty- ■ lixth degrees of fouthern latitude. We may reckon tint the fupcrfices of this iflmd, fo celebrated fur tiic feriility of its foil, and the va- rirty of its production-, contains two hundred mil- lions of acres of excellent land. It is waterid on all tide, by Itreams and large r vers ; .^tid above all by a g.eat number of fmall rivulets, which have their fources at the bottom of that long chain of moun- tains which I'eparates the callcrn from the _«cllern I coaft. The t«o highcft mountains in thcillmd arc Vipagora in the north, and Botiftmcne in thefouth, Thcfc mountains contain in their bowels, abundance of fofTils and valuable minerals. This wild and romantic country, intcrfeitcd by ridges and valleys, arc full of precipices which mult ftrike the traveller with awe and furprifcj the fum- mits thereof are covered with old vener»ble trees. The noife of the cafcades, which ire inaccelTiblr, is likewifc awful and immenfc i ihe eye, however, is dei I'htcd with licautiful hills, which arc covered with vegetation thioughoir the year. Here hcrd.s of cattle and Hocks of ftncp find ample nourifh- mcnt J for Inch is the flourilliing Hate of agriculture, that the fields always abound in rice, potatoes, tec. notwithftanding the fcverity and vicillitudcs of the fcalons. The fortunate inhabitants of Madagafcar never moiltcn the earth with their fwcat ; they turn it up llightly with a pick-axe 1 and this labour alone \a furticicnt. They make fmiil holes in the ground at a little diltincc from each other, and throw Into them a few grains of rice, over which they fpread a ittle mould with their feet. What proves the great fertility of the foil is, that a fuld fown m this manner produces an hundred fold. The forclts contain a prodigious variety of beau- tiful trees, p.dms of very kind, ebony, wood for dying, bamboos of an enormous li/.e, oran ^e and lemon trees, itc. 61. :. excellent timber fit for ma!h, and for building hnufes or lliips, may alio be had. Thcfc numerous trees and Ihrubs are furrounded by a multitude of paralice plants and vines, an thefe forells may be found agaric and mulhrooms, the colours of which are lively and agreeable, and which have an exquifite favour. All the foielis ^t Madagafcar abound with plants unknow n to bota. nilh, fome of which are aromatic an.l medicinal, and others fit for dying : alio tlax, a •kind of hemp, which, in length and flicngih, fur^>al^.s that of Furopc, the fugar cane, wax, dillcrent kinds of honey, tobacco, indigo, black pepper, gum Uc, amlKi, ambergrcafe, fcveral filky and cotiuixy Tub- ftancci, &c. «c. We Hull in our next chapter give a fu'l account of the natives, their manners, &c. CHAP. m i8o NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES amd TRAVELS. L m C H A P T E R II. Account cf the Iflandtrs—lheir Ptrfons, StKiimenli, &c. — Tbfir InJuJlry, Ingenuity^ and Tajle fur hUchankni Arts— DexUrity ef the Women — J remarkable Injlance of the Happinefs they enjoy in their ouin Mannf;, cr^.^ The Natives divtded into a Number of Trilfts~Oi/)oms of each — Manner of Living—Their reod—.Woys of drejfmg it — Account of the Southern Part of hladagaftar—ReJuience and Manners of the Chie/s-^Lauiuupe-L Religion-'Different Provinces, &c. THE inhabitants of Madagafcar are called Ma- /egatbes, or Madecajfes. They are portly in their perfons, and rife above the middle (tature. The colour of their (kin is dift'crent : among one tribe it is of a deep black, and among another tawny : fome have a copper-coloured tint ; but the colour of the greater part is olive. All thofe who are black have woolly iiair, like the negroes on the coall of Africa. Thofe who are ot a complexion fimilar to that of the Indians and Mulattoes. have at lank hair as the Europeans. Their nofe is not flat ; they have a broad open forehead } their lips arc thin ; and their features are regular and agree- able. Thefe people generally difplay in their coun- tenance a peculiar character of frankncfs and goo<^ nature. They never flicw any delire of learning but things which relate to the iimpled wants of mankind ; and this dcfire is always extremely mo- derate : they are very indifferent refpccting know- ledge which cannot be obtained without refledion, A natural want of care, and a general apathy render every thing infupportabie tu them thuc requires at- tention. Sober, light, and adivc, they fpcnd the greater part of their lives in flecping, and amuling themfeives in innocent recreations. The Malegache, like the favagc. is deflitute both of virtue and vice. To him the prcfent is every thing; he is fufceptjblc of no kind of forclight; and he does not even conceive that there are men on the earth wiio give themfeives uneaflncfs ref- peding futu/ity. He is a free being who enjoys peace of mind, and health of body ; being abfolutc mailer of himfcif, hi^ freedom is confuied by no check or reftrairtt ; he goes wherever he thinks proper, ads as hcchoofes, and dors what he pleafcs, cXtcpt wiwt may hurt a fellow-crcatuic. It never entered the mind of a Malegache to attempt to do- mineer over the thoughts or adions of any one: each individual has his own peculiar manner of liv- ing; and his neighbour never dillurbs him, nor even thinks of attempting it. The induflry of thefe people, in forging iron and other metals, is very remarkable. They are alfo very clever in iwifling fmall cables, which arc em- ployed in fifliing for whales, and mooring their piraguas. Indeed their natural ingenuity and talle for mechanical arts, would render tt a very eafy talk to introduce into Madagafcar feveral branches of commerce. The women are very dexterous and notable, in weaving beautiful pieces of fluff, which ferve them for clothing: fome of them are made of the filaments of the leaves of a plant called rttveni others, which are in greater ellimation with the natives, are manufadured of filk and cotton. The population of Madagafcar is very extenfive, and labour and raw materials exceedingly cheap. The following is a renmrkabic inflance of the happinefs which thefe jKople enjoy, in followmg their own manners; and how devoted they are to their own laws and cudoms. " Vander Stel, governor of the Cape of Good •• Hope, having procured a Hottentot child, caufed •• him to be educated according to the manners •' and cultoms of Europe. Fine clothes were given " to him I he was taught feveral languages, and his •• progrcfs fully corrclponded with the care taken " of his educatl. . Vander Stcl, entertaining great " hopes of hii talents, fcnt him to India under the " prote^lion of a commifTarygeneral, who employed '* him with advantage in the company's atfairs. •' After the death of the coinmilTary, this Hottentot " returned to the Cape. A few days after, while « on a vifit to fome Hottentots, his relations he " formed a rcfolution of pulling off his European " drtfs, in order to clothe himfcif with a fheep's. •• (kin. He then lepaircd to Vander Stcl, in chjs " new attire, carrying a bundle containing hij old " clothes, and, preft-nting them to the governor " addrelkd him as lollows ' Be fo kind, Sir, as to " obfcrvc, that 1 for ever renounce thefe d'othts " 1 am determined to live and to die in the religion " manners, and cuftoms of my anceftors. The " only favour i have to beg of )ou is, i;,.it you «ij| •' fuller me to keep the necklace ami cutlaii which " 1 now wear.' Having delivered this fpeech, |,c " immediately betook himfcif to Might, without " waiting for the governor's anfwer, and was never " afterwards Icen at the "LAipe." The natives of Madagallar arc divided into \ great number of tribes, it is fuppofed that the population of this illind may amount to four nil. lions. This calculation ii by far toogrcnt; how. ever, it is iiiipollihic to allcrtain ilie trutii, as ihe illand, which is divideil inin a gieat number ui" locietics, arc all diliinct: one from the other: oaih fjH.iery inhabit* ihat canton which it finds mod cun. venient, and governs itli:lf actordins; to us cm ulayes. A tube is compofed cf feveral villagt,, who have all a particular chief: this chief is Ibmc! times eleiitci), but for the moll part luccectls by hereditary right. 'I he lands arc not divided : ilic/ belong to thole who take the trouble to cultivate them. Thefe people ate not acquainted either wuh locks or bolts, and live in a very frugal manner. Hunger reguUies their hours of repall. it i», how^ ever, common to fee them dine at ten in the morn- ing, and lup at four in the afternoon. Their food coniills of very white rice, exceedingly light, ami well boiled, which they befprinkle with a (ucculent kind of foup, made from lifh or Hefh, and feafoned with ginger, pimento, faffron, and a f<-w aromaiic herbs. This limple difli is ferved up in the k»\e« of the raven, which aic ufed for plates, diflics.and fpooi.s. Thefe veflcis arc always clean, and arc t-hangcd at every meal. '1 hey have only two wan of drelling their food : they cither broil it upi.n coals, or boil it in earthen veffcls, w hich are curioully made. It is the eaflern coall of Madagafcar which the French have freiiuentcd. The province of Carnaiii, in which Fort Dauphine Hands, is very populouj. •Almolt all the villages arc built upon eimiicnmi they are furrounded by two rows of flrongpaiifadc;; and within thefe thcic is a parapet of eaim tour fivt in height. Large bamboos, placed at the diftanu of five lect from each other, and funk to a confiiK-- table depth in the ground, ferve to llrengthcn the palifades : but fome of thefe villages arc fortified alfo by & ditch fix feet deep and ten broad. The refufence of the chief is called Ponac : it contains two or three buildings, furrounded by.i peculiar kind of cnclofure, where the chief livi; with his uoiiicn and his children. The chiefa always go armed with a fiiftc, and a flick hcacjied with iron, to the other extrcmiiv of which is affixed a fmall bunch of cow's hair: tluy cover their heads with a cap made of red woollen cloth. It is by rhcir caps, above all, that thry can be diflinguilhed by tiieir fubjevifs. The authority of thefe I liiefs is very much limited ; yet in the pro- vince of Ciircanofli ihey are fuppofed to be flic pro- prietors of all (l)« land, which they didributc among tiicir TiiK ^Ki'hicat'J Sf^m/fJ^- PoRTLOCK'Sf^ y\^it/ COLLBCTlOy ^"OYAGES 3s TRAVELS. The HoTTEnroT The Laplander f^y riiK^\FHu:A^ -^ The li/ tl Amehica:n TiieCuinese A (iREENLANDER o^'t' 4 II \v\ •■:,'m^m'^m*n t^**'' , ■ %%'•■'' "0f" *. ■*■ 1 ■*#' 5' •f. • F7 H't** •I-Tftlfflffitlffl^ il^^;^:' llfKIKI g i il ? BIS BniffitK! ni ffii mm K ^".*:- '0[i ?»« ^,, '%• ^ '•^^ >, <►/ „» ' c JttJtf •-.;^' > thi-ir fubjccts, in The people of entirely ignorant even Ionic hi (lor characters. The pHilieine, gcoman aiiLhors are both f( celcliMtcd come ti »hich country ma The Matatanes jrt ilkilUnd, becaufe The art of writir this illanil by the . about joo years ag valley ot Ambouli fiip)rui ni^otica, w \ IMj^ii. 1 hey pull bark of this tree ; uhich they moilU them 4tr()ls each ut thtm well down. Ijc ul allies, and uooden mortar til This pallc IS uallicC J iraiTiC made ot ba \Vlicii this opcratior out to dry in the I'u tiuii of rite water. lour; but when it is itic ink. Their p( incir ink from a tie bark ol' a tree, whi Diorc iliining than b The Arabic lani^u, ihcN. VV. p«rt ot ill vui known that th (liabliihments along coiJiiig to gcograpli domsof Monomotaj took polFclUon alio i ihiie princes, when lU adjacent ille«, «J uuntry. They Hill i iblo trade uitli Adei AbjlFinia. They hav Bonitx-toc in Madag «hich ci)?bles them i iiland, fur the purpo luaiu they have jntic time traces of Mah^ gjchfs. I-ormerly, itii uid the Fort uguet'e ol thich uerc founded Dillons entertained f'o olGmiuia and Mad: upon the Poriugutf'e Airiu, which ilid th ikitro)id lomeof the. bcume gradually cxti ilitPortuguefc power |o(JMloufy. An attci :o)cars ago, to take lolhollilities, in order iKut at Cape St. Scb inicmion of this etlabl TkcPoriugut;e thougl ibn a factory ; but ti JuthfucctCs, M. Uoi lot Uourbon, faw ihc Idlibliihincnt. Nutwithltandi »g thi lAnbn, Mahomrtanil'ii: Els m It I indeed, if itncc from pork, r.r lihich hive very little jllKfc people, the dcfc mn havg iofl fijrht pir religious opinior..' |brc cxiflcnce ; like i No. i6. M. ROC HON's VOYAGE to the EAST INDIES. »»-!. ;|,eir fubjcds, in order to be tilled and cultivated. The people of the province ot'CarcaiiolIi are not entirely ignorant ol" the art of writinii;. They have eviii loiiie hiltorical books in the MadccaUc lan- „i,j .c; but their learned men life only the Arabic characters. They have among theni treatil'es on pialitinc, gcomancy, and judicial allrology. Their aiiiliors are both foicerersand phylicians. The nioft celclirated come from the province ot Matacane, in which country magic is prelerved in its lull glory. The Matataiies are dreaded by the other natives of ihcilUad, becaufe they excel in this art of deception. The art of writif ^ has, doubtlels, been brought into this iiland by the Arabs, who made a conqueU of it about joo years ago. Their paper is nude in the valley of Amboule : it is manuta>;turcd from the ptpyrui iii'otica, which the MadccaHls name yJw^a- /jn(j. 1 hey pull olf with great dexterity the inner bark of this tree ; divide it into very thin lilameiits, which they nioiflen with water j and having laid them i^crofs each other, in various direc'tions, prcfs them well down, 'i hey are then boiled in a llrong he ot allies, and afterwards pounded in a large uooden mortar till they aie reduced to a paite. This parte is w allied and drenched with water, upon J iraiTiC made of bamooos, in the form of a grate. Vheii this operation is linillud, the leaves are fpread out to dry in the fun, and are glaicd with a decoc- liuii of rice water. Tl.is paper is of a yellowith co- lourj but when it is well glazed, it docs not imbibe the ink. Their pens arc made oJ the bamboo. T.uir ink from a decoOtion in boiling water of the bark of a tree, which they call araniiraio. It is more iliining than black. fhc Arabic l.inju,ii;c has made feme progiefs in thcN. VV. p^rt ot the illand of Madagaltar. It is veil k:iuun that the Arab princes lorincd large {i;ablillinients along the African Ci.al!, which, ac- coiiliiig to geographers, correfpond with the king- (ionuof Monomotapa and Mono-Linugi. They took poirellion alfo of the ilUnd of Comora ; and ihiiL- princes, when they emigrated to Atiica and the adjacent dies, did pot Jorgct their ancient uuatry. '1 hey Hill indeed carry on an inconiider- ibic trade with Aden, Mafcatc, and the co.tlls of Ab)irmia. They have alto, on the fniali river of Biimbeioc in Madagaf^ar, a kind of fetilciiieiit, «hich cui>bles them to vilit diH'erent parts ot liuc illiivl, for the purpofes of comu'irce. liy thcfc mails they have introduced their language, and left (umc traces of Mahomctanithi among the Male- gjchcs. lormerly, there fublilled between the Arabs ts\i the I'onuguele of India a hatred and aniinofity, vhiciiMcre founded folcly on the zeal theic two niiioiiii enter;.iined for their leligion. The Arabo oiConioia and Madagallar made Irequeiit attacks upan the I'ortugutle ellablilhnientii on the coal! of Alrici, which ilid them great injury : they even ikllro)cd lomeof the.r fcttlements: but tl.is hatred became gradually cxtinguilhed, when the decline ot tli(Portuguefc power rendered them Ufs the objects o^jcaloufy. An attempt was made at Goa, aliout :ov(ars ago, to take advantage of this tufpenlion olliallilicies, in order to form a Portuguelc fettle- mcnt at Cape St. i^eballian, in Madagafcar. The inmiioii of this el\ablil1iment was men Iv religious. The Punugutfe thought of turmiiig u million, rather thin a factory ; but this project was not attended nth fuccels. M. Dotje, an inhabitant of ihc iflc ol Uourbon, faw the melancholy remains of this dlablilhincnt. Nutwithltandi ig this illand is frequented by the inbs, Mahomrtanifiii tias not made any great pro- Lis mill indeed, if we except circumcilion, ab. Kiicc from pork, 7.nd fome few trilling prndlices, ihich hive very little influence over the conduct of thcfc people, the dcfcciidants of the Arabs them- icitcs havu loft fight of the fundamental parts of dKir religious opiniom. They do not believe in a fature exirtence i like the Manichees, they admit of Nq. i6. two principles, one fupremely good, and the other extfcmely wicked. They never addrefs their pray- ers, to the former; but they entertain a great dread of the latter, to whom their facrifices arc continually offered. The whites, who inhabit the province of Anodi and CarcanoITi, pretend to be defcended from Imina, the mother of Mahomet, They have aflumed the name of Zart'erahimini. The whites, who inhabit Foulcpointc, Nofli Hibrahim, and the bay of An- tongil, are fprung fome from the pirates, and others trom the Jews : tor this reafon, they call themfelves Zatte-Hibrahim, that is to fay, the defcendants of Abraham, fiefides thefc, there is a third kind of whites, who fay they were fent to Madagafcar by the caliph of Mecca, to iriftruifl ihe Malegaches in the fecrets of nature, and the religion ot Mahomet. Thcic impollurs feized upon the province of Ma- ti'.tane, after they had expelled and maflacred the 7:latierahiniini, who governed that dillrid. They are called ZaiV.-Calinumbou. Their complexion is duriver than that of the other whites, and their pro- Icllion is to tcuch to read and write the .'Viubic language. ihe Zafterahimini, in the province of Anofli and Carcanotli, believe that they came originally from the fandy plains on the borders of Mecca. On this account they arc called Oniampaflemaca, and are divided into three claflcs, the Rhoandrians, the Anacandrians, and the Ontzatfi. The firft, and mod honourable clafs, is that of the Rhoandrians. I'eople of this cl.ifs have atPumed to themfelves the privilege of killing animals. .l.Tionir favages, and people who fublift by hunting, the trade of a butcher is almoll always held in great dillinifUon. The Rhoandriiiiw arc the nobility of the country ; and It is always from this clafs that the fovereign is chofen. The Anacandrians arc defcended from the Rhoandrians, and a woman of an inferior clafs : Tor this reafon, they Iharc with the Rhoandrians the honour and advantage of killiiig, for the other illanders, fuch animals as are nccelfiry to their fub- lillcnce. The Ontzatii are the lall clafs of the Ontampaireinaca ; but they enjoy no particular niarks of dillinction. They arc generally bnuc foidiers, Iktllcd in the art of war, who can throw a Hone with great dexterity, and fpcnd their time in dancing, Hteping, and aiiiuling thcmlelves. The biaqks arc divided iiii^ tour dalles: the Voad« ziri, the Lohavohits, the Oiuzoa, and the Endevcs, I he Voadziri arc the defcendants of the ancient fovereigns of the irtanJ. They are generally pretty rich in (laves and flocks ; and they are allowed to polfcli fevcral villages. Thefc people niuf> be held in great conlidcration among the illanders of Mada- gakar, for they have prefcrved, notwithltanding the defpotilm'of the Arabs, who conquered the province of Anolli, the rijjht of killing, when they are not in the prefenccol a Rhoandrianoran Anacandrian, fuch animals ns belong to their fubjcds. The Lohavohits itre much lefs powerful than the Voad-. ziri. They can never potTefs more than one villages and, however rich they may be in Hocks, they muft always fetid for a Khoandrian, or an Anacandrian, to kill whatever animals they want to eat. The people of Ontzoa have no power whatever; and the Endevcs are looked upon as Haves i.om their birth. It is the belief of thofc iflandeis who pofTefs any kind of erudition, that God created from the body of the firft man feycn womcti j thefc are fuppofcd to be the niothcu of rhc dillcrent caftcs. That of the Rhoandrians is believed to be the offspring of the firll nun and woman, formed from the brain. The Anacandrians from the n'>iinnv:;;:i vi ., I CHAP. •wir-rrwi UMv^WfaMii I 81 NEW COLLECTION or VOYAGES ai the (jeninfiila of Tho. langar, remarkable lor its falubrity and (rfimt.nij of defence. Here there in cxceiiuii ainhorw ground; and the (ort, which is called Port Dso! phin, is lurrounilcd with lubftamial walls, cm! Uructcd of lime and fand. Vcfl'ds, howcirr, in this port are much e.xpofed to N. K. wjjj-v. The lake of Amboul is fupplicd with wlitiT bt tht river of Fanihere. This lake u lo.ooo fathoim i^i circunifcrcnce, and 40 Icct in dcjrth. The nvct I-anlhcre is navigable {or boats to the di (lance of 1 5 to JO leagiifs from its momh. T he j:rcat bar of Loucan ciiclolcs on the fouthern Irdctht ixiint of lta(>era, which lies to the north of Fort Daiiphirr and which is likcwife ilieltercd from the fta wttids by the idand of St. Clair, w hich prevtnts the finatl river thereof from beinp choaked np with fanrf. Pronit lound this place more favourable to the efla^ blilhmcnt than the vHlagcof Manjghefia ; but being 1 dcftitute of abilities to condutil it properly, it»j people under his command revolted, and piit himj in chains. He waj rtlcafed from his iniprifortniffltl byavelTcl which arrived from France; and he not I fold to the governor of the Klc of France aii if;;' wretched Malegaches who belonged to thecftaWifcl ment. This created much indignation from rtKl illanders, particularly as there were fixtctn womrtl among thefe (laves. His fucccflbr, Flacmirr, likt.f wife violated the hofpitalitv wWch had been (tn;«ii| him. 'ITie illanders were aifo ill treated by others, f M. Poivre having cone to Madagafcar in M year 1 769, when M. dc Modavc was governor of Fort Dauphin, miade it his ftudytncxaniiheall th^ plants, &c. The Irtfs of this eminent iiaturalill \i very much regretted by Rochon. who had bcci* l^jerflator of his indefatigabli* indtiftr>'. The following rxrraordinary account of a raccc pigmies is rccbrdetl by M. de Mbdavc: " The dwarfs in the interior parrs of the largi ifldnd of Madagafcar fbrnj a cohftderablc nsiionj calletl in the Madccafib Ishgnagc, ^imot or AfflnJ The diftinguiftiing charadfirillics of theff fins! people «re, th« they arc whiter or at lead paler ifl colour than ail the negtoes Hitherto known; tiii{ their arrhJ arc (b long that rhcy can fl'rctch tiiel hands btlow thtir krttes WitHoiir (tbofJing; atiJ thf the women hare fcarcrijr any brtilh, except *m thcjr fbekle, and eveli then tticgrtater pirt d t^o' M. ROCHON's VOYAGE to the EAST iNblES. I a? nvtt I nmfflt ic not lil ii'Cj hkc. Jihets. hi rii( teci Iracc i Ic lar{ TuAUOII, 1 iCffflcd finl lalcr the arc oWigt** to make ufe of cow's rtiilk in order to nouTith their young. With regard to inttlfedual fftulrics, thcfc K\rt\di tire not inferior to the other inhabitants of Madngafcar, «hO are known to be very lively and ingeniotis, though thty abandon ihernlllves to the utmoft indoltfrtee j b\it ihd Klitlos, jj they art ittiich nnorc' atflive, .irt affo much more ♦sHike: th*y have M\tt yet bctfn overcome by their neighbours, who have ofren ifladc attempts for that purpofc. Tliongh attacked *ith fuperior !\rength jnd weapons, for they art not acquaittfed with the „lcojjriinpowderand firt-arins, hkc their crteniics, jhfv-hive always fought with courage, and retained jjbfrty anvidft their rocks, Which, as they arc cx- irtiiiciv diiitcnit of aCceft, certainly conti-ibutc very imith io thcif f-tfety. TVity live there lipdri rice, various kinds of fruits, roOts and vegetables, iiid rcir a great niirttbcr of oxen and lliccp with large ujis, which form alfo a part of their rubfiftchce. Ihcy hold no communication with the dittcrcnt {jltcs by whom liicy are furroundcd, either for th.- (jke of commerce or on any account whatever, is they procure all their ncccffKries from the lanJj which they pollefs. As the object of ail the petty uti between thtmi and tht other inhabitants of tbc ilUnd is to carry away an either fide a few cattle or flives, the diminutive fvit: rif »hc kinlos faves them ^(im'ihe latter injury. Vf'^^*- regard to the former, thcv are fo Uind of pctcc, that they rtfolve to endure it 10 a certain degree t tha' is to iay, till they fee from the tops of their intnirtir.ins a formidable body jdyahcint;,- with every htyl^ilt picparaiion, in the pl,m» tn'loh . They theiv cafry the fupcrfluitv of {J(jr floiky trt the cntrartt'e Of the dclilcs. where (Hfvli-avt ihcm, ami maKc a voluntary lacrifkc of ihtm to the indiKencc of thdr elder bicthreh ; but It the fame time Jenouncihg «-itl' the fcvcreft threats njmck thcnv without hiitcy, (bft'uld they endea- vour to penetrate farther into ncir territorit* : a pjsof that it t» ncfther frbttt \*ea1ciie(s nor cowardice riut they piirthafc traftiiuillity by prefcnts. Their tfjpnM are aflhgays and darts, which they ufe with ihf utmeft dexterity. '■ Some flvoft dhfjnee' from Fort Dauphin, the intahitunts of that part Of the countr/ ITiew a num- kr rflmall barrOttS ot eirthen hillocks, in the form (H graves, which, as is filid. Owe their origin to a ftnt iiwffaere Of the Kimos, who were defeated in ft( field bv their anccftofs. "M. do Nfotluve, inbM Voydgcto Tort Dauphin, ibost ttteend of the year 1770, had the latisfaction tffcfinga Kimos wOmatt, aged about thirty, and rtnte feet ftvcn niches itt hlfij^ht. I Icr complexion ♦utile farrert .iittong the inhabitants of the ifldnd ; i^m wtH fimtotd though lb low of ftaturc, and ^rffiwnbehig ill proportioned ; her arms were cx- CKiiingly long, and could reach without bending (kbodvas far as Hie kHees her hair was fliort ii«|w(»p|!v ; heV Iciturea, which were agreeable, ap- Sichrd ncttet tbthoft of art Kuropcan thaii to an *itnm 0/ MidaWifchr { llie had naturally a plca- ! l(i«k, ant! w^S gtxidl-humourcd, fenfibic, and iging, as fat aS coUld l>* judged frOih her bc- lotir. ' A iWnrt tirte bcfott thMr departure from Mada- ftir, (he ninAd her cftajJC irtto tl\c v*oods, for fear kingrhrried-aW-aV iMn hbrnative country. •DimiiUitton ol' ftfltufe, irt rcfpeiil to that of the ihdkri, iS a1mol> gfadiiatfcd as fVomtKc Lup- rtothekiirtOi. Uttth inlYaWt the coldcrtrcgions ihehipheft nioun'talhi ih the World. TlioTcof •piftaf, wiheit the Kihiar live, are 1 16 or 1 806 i«« high nb<»vid the Ifc vet of ttic' fc». The veglc- prndifrtfens iiWVtm gt&vt 6tt tKefi elevated I appeal- to be fttthtMj futih as ttifc pind, the i,md a glTcMt- rtahV'othetsi WhltK ll-om t^e clafs tttts (If fi'diwJ tb'trot of Hilmlile nirubs", merely iMheyhsvt betWrtJJ a!|ii riods, when othtr women arc fubjcv^t to this evacua- tion, the {kiii of their body becomes of a blood-red colour. Remouzai declared this opinion was well fdiinidcdii but ttic chief of the Mantfikllcs contra- ditVcdrtV '• ' ' 3 The -%V^'*nifi-,^ 184 NEW COLLECTION oi VOYAGES and TRAVELS. W .'''I if: The moft frequented parts of the N. E. part of the ifland of Madagafcar arc Foulepointc, St. Mary, and.the Bay of Ancongil. It is in thefe three plates that the French have attempted to form all their cnabliihmcnts. The inhabitants of this coaH aic Hill better, and more humane, than thofe of the province of Carcanolli. They arc ignorant of the ufc of locks or bolts, and (hut the doors of their houfes with nothing elfe than thorns, or the branches of trees. Ihcy expofe all their treal'ures, as they entertain no fufpicions of their neighbours. Their houfes might ealily be thrown down, as they arc built of nothing clfc but mats and leaves. The pirates, who carried on their depredations in the Indian feas, alarmed at the great preparations which were making to put an end to their robbery, took refuge on the N. t. coaft of Madagafcar. It appears that they formed their ellabliihmcnt at the lile of NolTy-Hibiahim, named by the French St. Mary. One of the extremities of this iflaiui reaches within eleven leagues of Foulepointc, and the other extends to the Bay of Antongil. By contracting alliances with the itlanders, the pirates gained their tontidencc and fiiendftiip. This foreign land be- came to them and their children a new country : they imitatid its manncr$,:uid adopted its cunoms. In iertilcand rich regions, abounding in everything neceliary lor fubfiltence, it is alinolt impolTible to find any advantage by attacking the property of an- other ; fince the only n^hcs of the inhabitants are thofe of the foil, and the foil belongs in common to all. It is not to be wondered at th'-.i that pirates, returning continually to this plate of lliclter to re- pair and rc-vicUial their Ihips, (hould be favourably received by the Malcgachcs, lince they ftiared in their opulence, w ithout knowing how they acquired it- In 1723, fcveral nations, alarmed by the enormous lofl'es which their commerce fuftaincd, by the con- tinual depredations of thefe pirates, united together to deliver the Indian fcas from the oppredion of thefe formidable tyrants, who had fciv-cd a large Portugucfc veflcl, in which were Count dc Receira and the archbilhop of Goa ; and the fame day an- other veflel, which carried 32 guns. The pirates, elate with fucccfs, made a long and defjuiratc re fillancc. Belorc they were extirpated, it was nc- celFary to bring a conliderablc force againft them ; to terrify them by the feverell puniflimtnt, and to purfuc them through the moll imminent dangers, even to the plate of their retreat, where they were obliged to let lire to their vcll'cls. Such were the fevcre means employed to tkar the Indian feas of thefe plunderers, who had infcfted them from the time tn»t Vafco dc Gama opened a pafl'agc to India by the Cape of Good Hope. When thefe banditti hrd cilablifhcd thcmfclvcs in the ifland, cattle and (hcep were of no value. Rice, and various kinds of provifions, had no other price than that which was atKxcd on ibcm by luvi- gators ; and it even appears, that during the time of their piracy they fpent the fruits of their long voyages in drunkcnnefs and debauchery, on thcir rcturn from every expedition. It was thefe profligates who firfl introduced the (lave- trade into the N. E. part of Madagafcar. It was not, however, without caufing much trouble and difordcr that they were able to overcome the avcrfion which the Mnlegachcs had for that horrid traffic. Before this epoch fevcral European (hips had made vain efforts to induce them to fell their prifoncrs and malefadlors. Their negotiations for thi' pur- pofe, indead of being attended with fucccfs, were rcjeded with indignaticii, and fometimcs punilhcd in an exemplary manner, when they ventured to employ (Iratagem or force. The pirates were too well acciuainted with the intrepid fpirtt of the Malcgachcs to ufc thefe means ; and they were fen- Able that they were too few in number to fubdue fliem, or todi bu in the winter feafon, th^e entrance is (but by a Ihifl ing fand-bank, which is diiOpated when the foutj ealt fuccecd the north winds or calm weather, Tl fea never rifes or falls more (ban four or five feet the time of fpring or neap-tides. During the lata the reef of rocks appears above the water ; *\ abundance of natural prjadu^iona . m*/ be th :• >. .#•• M. ROCHON's VOYAGE to the EAST INDIES. •«5 fnund on them, fuch as marine plants, mofles, blirkcoial, inreds, valuable madrepores, fea Aars« and Ihclls, which by the variety of their form, and the brilliancy of their colours, ferve to ornament the cabinets of the curious. The mouths of the rivers here are bordered with mangles which are loided with oyftcrs of an excellent taftc. Thefc ovfters adhere to the branches, and form clufiers ol the moil lingular and remarkable figures. At a Ijttje diftance from thofe parts which the fea Chvers, there are found veins of a kind of fand different from that of the fhorc, and which appears to have cxpeiienccd a femivitrification. This fand is inter- mixed with ftones of a foft friable nature, inter- iperfed with an infinite number of fmall fragments (f natural glafs. Foulepointe lies iA latitude 17 litg. 40 min. 20 fee. and longitude 47 deg. 30 min. Veflels can procure at Foulepointe provifions of every kind in abundartce, and at a low price. The nijrkcts are well fupplied when commerce experi- ences no check or reflraint on the part of the Eu- ropeans. Some years ago the people of Foulepointe rcfufed to fell hogs r-id pigs, becaufc an old man «ho lived at the diftance uf four leagues from the port, and who was accounted a forcerer, had for- bidden them. This OmbiafTe pretended that they would be threatened with great misfortunes if they did not endeavour to dettroy the race of thcfe filthy inlinals : but this prohibition does not prevent the Kuropeans from procuring them in the mountains, vhere they may be found in Urge herds. The Tillages in the neighbourhood of Foulepointe are tot aumcrous ; they are difpci fed here and there on the declivities of little hills, and are defended cnlv by palifatles. They are agreeably Ihaded by a multitude of ufeful trees, fuch as the rocoa nut trtc, bamboos, orange and lemon trees, wild vines, ind bananas, the fruit of which are fu much riietnial by the Europeans : but the moll remark- able is the raven, a kind of palm-tree known in Madagafcar only, and which is prepared and eaten in the fame manner as that of the cabbage-palm. This tree rifes to a great height : it is covered with a hard bark, ind its Wood, which is fibrous and hard, is employed for conllrucling houfes. The walls and partitions of thefe houfes ate formed of the ribs of its leaves, which have the folidity of wood and the pliability of leathet-, and which are fattened together in a very ingenious manner. Thi leaves ferve to roof them, and makes an excellent covering : alfo of thefe leaves the MadecaiTes makti their plates, diOies, clips, &c. The lands belonging to Foulepointe abound with rich padures and cattle. The river Ongleby, which is deep in fomc places and in others broad and fliallow, produces plenty of filh, and is Covered with water-fuwl. Piraguas fail up it for more than twenty leagues : however, this river, like all thtf reft in Madagafcar, is filled with monftroUs croco> diles. Rochon one day faw an ox drnggcd away and devoured by one of thefe monilers, which are a terror even to the iflanders. About a few leagues from Foulepointe, towards the high mountains of Ambol'ifmene, the land begins to rife, and the plains and the valleys are fheltered irom the winds by little hii!; The heat here is not incommodious, becaufe the country is high and cuvered with wood : the low lands, which are lcf» cultivated, are more wild and rural. The iflanders in this. p:irt do not keep their cattle, but fuffcr them tf> wander about without a guide, and witliinit (hackles. The meadows, which are fituatcd at the bottom of the v.tllcys, are watered by a niiil- titiidc of fticams and rivulets, the windings of which are exceedingly romantic and agreeable. There arc yams and rice of different kinds, various lorts of roots, peculiar to this place, with turnips, beans, &:c. &c. Towards the clofe of the year 176H, Hochon brought home a variety of ticcs, plants, fiu ubs, &c. Irom this place. !^ , ... CHAPTER IV. Mnpi'ion of Cochinchina— Divided into eleven Provinces — Hue the viojl beautiful »f all— Government of the ?kie—I\ings Houjhold — Hii Wealth — Mode of acnuirin^ it — A Jlranve "lax — The vmnner of imfofmg it— RijiiiinZ' in confequence thereof— The AHivity, Indujlry, &c. of the Cochinchinefe — Their Poverty and Ignorance —Ihfpitality— Partiality for the Cbinefe — For Women— Polyj^amy allowable — Manners of the Women — Punijh- iitnt for Infidelity — Their Religion, &c. — Mountains tf Cochinchina inhabited by ff^ild Beajls — Value of their Timber — Various Produdions 0} Mountains and Land — Their Trade — Traffic with the C/jinefe — Faifo the place ^ f^TiattJi Trade — Principal Articles in exchange— Remarks on the Chinefe Trade by M. Brunei— ^he Chinefe Kt allowed to open their Mines — Pretended Motive of the Prohibition. ler ; »1 Ibe th fuU THE kingdom of Cochinchina is bounded by Tonquin ; on the fouth by Ciampa and Cam- llo|a; on the eaft by the Indian ocean ; and on the |«cft by the kingdom of Laos, and a favage people lumnl the Kemouys. It is about 150 leagues in |l»i|;tb, and extends from the eleventh to the jtitnty.fcventh drgree of northern latitude. Its Iratdl breadth does not exceed 1 3 or 15 leagues, lit b divided into eleven provinces, four of which, iDinhtit, Quambing, Dinhgnoe, and Hut, lie to- |»uds the north. The fevcn fr-ithern provinces |« Cham, C^angzhia, Quinhin, Fouycn, Fanri- Ijianran);, Nanlang, and oounay. Hue, which loiitains the royal city, where the kings of Cochin- t^ina relide, ii the moft beautiful of all thefe pro- K«. This capital is fituatcd near a large and autiful river, which was formerly fo deep as to Itcapable of bearing fliips of great burthen ; but kte a dreadful inundation which lately happened, 'xl-banks have been formed at its mouth, fo that ull veflels only can enter it. This city is interfered by canals after the Chi- e manner, in order to facilitate the tranfporta- jion nf merchandife, and for ti)C convenience of No. 16. the inhabitants, who are pretty numerous, and who could not endure the great heats offummef without bathing two or three times a day. The kin^ maintains about twelve or fifteen thoufand foldiers around his palace, to proteft his perfon as ucll as to defend his ftaies; and near three hun* drcd neat galleys, which, in time of war, ferve to convey troops from one place to another, and in the time of peace to carry the monarch when he travels : for he never quits his palace but in that manner. Th'jfe which he ufes are extremely beau- tiful, and even richly gilt : efpecially thofe of his women, part of whom always accompany him wherever he goes. This prince alio keeps four hundred elephants trained to war; indeed the ftrength of his kingdom confifts in the number of thele animals. In refpcA to the government of Cochinchina, it is monarchical. The fove^ign is abfolute mailer of the whole kingdom, which he governs with the aflTiftance of his four principal miniftcrs, two of whotn are called his right hand, and two his left hand. Thele nDitiiflcrs have the power of appointing to all employments, both civil and military, iiach pro- * 3 A vjnce ■ (Ml 1 86 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES ano TRAVELS. vincf is under the management of a governor, who both commands the militu and adminifters juilice. The whole militia arc divided into two diftincl bo- dies, fea and land foldicrs, and both of thefe arc divided into regiments. In the province of Phan- riphanrang the governor has the title of viceroy. The fineft men that can be found in the kingdom compofe the king's houQioId. The mod beautiful company of thcic is that which is.dillinguiOied by the title of golden fabres. The men of this company are picked from all the other companies. They arc the Itrongcft, as well as the braveli, and their autho- rity, confcquently, greater than the others. The king of Cochinchina is rich in gold and money, of which he has always fcveral edifices full. His great wealth arifes from a tax paid by all his fubjccis, from the age of 19 to that of 60. This ta.\ is greater or lefs, according to the ftrength and fituation of each individual. Kvcry three years the governor of each province caufes a new lid to be made out of all thofe who, according to law, have attained to the proper age of taxation. I'o enable him to do this, the chief of every village forms a lift with gre.it care, and cames a copy of it to the governor, who orders all thole whole names are iii- ierled in it to appear before him on the day ap- pointed. They all flrip thcmfelves from head to foot : the ni.nidaiin then cauRs his oflicers to exa- mine them ; and thofe who arc robull and well- proportioned, and who fcem to liave moft ftrength to labour, are taxed at a higher rate than thole who, being feeble and weak, or in a bud italc of health, can with Jifliculty gain a livelihooil. This tax, which giics into the king's trealuty, is paid accord- ing to the ftrcngth or fituation of e.icli individual, either in gold, money, or rice. Every year, in the fcvcnth month, the t.ixes of all tl)t provinces arc tranfported to ccutt with great poinp ami niaj^iiifi- ccnce. On this occafion there ai e ■.\\k*\. irjoicinjis in the capital for a month, during vihi 'i iliepc(-ple are employed in fcafling, (eeiiig plays, artilitial hic- works, and various other entiitaiiinients. The Covhiniliiiiefe, compuml with the Indians, are brave, adivc, and imlultrimis. Thej .11 e toiul of truth, aiul clolely adheie to it when they know it. T'ley aie, however, poor and i:^norani ; but c.\trcniely polite to each otlier, and to flrangers. They have a great efteem lor the Chinele, on ac- count of their learning. The king, above all, is very f> nd of them ; and encourages them to fre- quent his ports, for the fake of carrying on com- merce with them. The CochiDchincfe arc much ad- dicted to women ; and polygamy is allowed amongft them. A man generally has as many wives as he can maintain; and the law gives him great authority over them, a^ well as over bis children. WumcD conviAcd of inlidelity to their buibands, are cod- demacd to be cxpofed to the fury of elcpbanti;. The women, who arc not remarkable for their modefiy, go quite naked to the roiddk; and tbey publicly bathe, without any ceremony, in the view of.cvery body. In their pcrfons, the Cochiochinerc i^ave a great refemblance to (he Cbincle, except that they are more tawny : their women arc beautiful, and very fair. Their drefs is the fame as that which was ufed in China before the irruption of the Tartars. The mandarins of letters in Cochinchina have adopted the japancfe drels. They preferve their hair, particularly the women, fome of whom have it lo long that it reaches 10 the ground : this they efteem a great beauty. The religion of this country is fimilar to that of China. 1'hc Chriftiaa religion has been lately tole- rated, and pakes no little, progrclk. Some princes ;ind mandarins of the firft rank are Chriftians. Their learning confiils in being able to read Chinclic books, and acquiring a knowledge of the morality which they contain. This knowledge qualifies them for becoming inaudirins. Cuchiuchiua is chicUy compofcd of mountains; i the valleys and plains between arc well coltivated The hills are inhabited only by lygrrs, elephants, anti virious other animals. Ihe mountains, thouni, uncultivated, are covered with woods and foicit the timber oTwhich is of great utility, an.i bv wl.i,',' means the Cochinchinefe procure rote --.^oofljcbDny irnn-wodd, faf; , the cinnamon tree, calcinhiv/r' fandal wood, .im' in geii'.ral all thofe kinds of wo(,iij whicli are ufed in India for conftrufting h')uit< barks, and furniture ■, or from which gum, balm' and perfumes, are extracted. ' The m()'.int»ins alfo proJiicc honey, wax, ritfint and gamboge : likcwile ivnry, and even ;;old, j^ pretty large quantities. .Mines of this metal 'ij. very abunili'ii. The land, when cultivated, isiv! tiemcly feit.le, anil the |)cople reap every yeart«\ crops ot rifC, which is fold almoll tor notliin They abounil with all the fruits of India, luih'ji ananas, mangoes, citions, oranges, and with nui,v others peculiar to itlclf. They have likc«ile plcn.y of prpi^cr; together with arcc and betel. They have alio abundance of cotton ; but they are nrt actpiainted with tlie art of making it into lincclotli They cultivntc mulberry-irecs, upon whicli thiy i feed (ilU-wiiiiiis, ,ind niaiiufaclure a kind of cnnfj filk flufl'^. IJelidfs llicl'e, they have excellent fuftif. but are very ill fiippKi J with vegetable proilucrioci' They have a (jiiaiitity of cxen, but no fheep; ho«-. ever, ihey are liih in poultiy. 1 hey hive alio vcrvi good fidi, but tliiy never e It it. The COetiinchinefe being ratlier poor, arc Iv;; little acn. China ink is a compofition of fifh-glue, ox-gall, and lamp-black. When in a liquid ftatc, it is poured into Imall wooden moulds, where it is iuiU-.ed to harden. The Chinefe confider it as an excellent remedy for (pitting of blood. There are two kinds of Galega. One 5s a thick plant, that is covered with a hard reddiOi bark : it is whitifli i'l the infide, and has a bitter tafte. The other, which is imaller, is rcddifh both within and without, and has a ftronger and more aromatic tafte. They have two kinds of gum, gumbage and gum- lac. Gumbage is a refinous, gummy juice, of a yellow colour, and is ufed in medicine ; the othci-, gumlac, is employed in the compofitionof Spanilh wax. There is a plant called cufcuma, very like ginger. This bears a purple flower ; the fruit is like an Indian chelnut, and the feeds, which refemble peas, are fit for eating. 'J'hey are boiled with meat, and mixed alio with rice, &c. This is likewife ufed in medicine. r^iicklilver is tbe natural produclinn of fe\-erat paits of China and the Kaft-lndics. It is found in mountains, white as chalk, and covered with flex- ible ft('nrs. There are two kinds of cinnabar, one natural and the other' artificial. China likewife produces rhubarb : alfo borax, which is a kind of fait proper for accelerating the eflufinn of metals. There is a China roor, called Smilax China, as large as a child's hand. It is fre- quently ulcd by the natives inftead of rice, and contributes not a little to make them lufty. In the province of Onanfi it is ufed with great fucccls as a medicine. There is a kind of bilious, fermented, and nearly corrupted blood, which is t.iken from 2 bag under the belly of a fpecies of roe-buck, and which is diftinguiflied by the appellation of mufk. T'ouianag is a white metallic alloy, made of tin and bifmuth, hard, compad, and heavy. The mother of peail comes from Cochinchina and Campaja : they are at firft large t!»ick oyfter-fliells, fmooth and filvery within, and of a grey colour on the outfide. The Chinefe varnifh is a compoQtion of a vifcous liquor, extraded fiom diiFercnt Ihrubs and fmall reddifh worms. 1 «0'' "f , t ! " *"»^*flf?-/rw» 11 i.11 A NEW, COMPLETZ, and AUTHENTIC H I S T O R Y OF ' A VOYAGE to the SOUTH-SEAS, Undertaken by Commind of his Majefly, and Performed in 1787, 1788, 5nd 1789, In His Majcfty's Ship the BOUNTY, UNDER THE COMMAND OF Lieutenant WILLIAM B L I G II, For the Purporc of conveying the BREAD-FRUIT-TREE from the Sol'th-Sea-Islands to the West-Indies. Including the fubfequcnt Voyag:- of Part of the Crew in the Sin.'s Boat, (romTo/oa, one of the I'ricndly IJlands, \o I'mor, a Dutch Settlement in the Eajl-Indus, With a Full and CircumflaPt'^' Narrative of the Mitiny on Board the faid Ship, and fcver.1l other IniLTcHiiig I'ariicuiais contained in »he Journ.ms and Communications of Captain Bligii, Surgeon LtnwARD, Meflrs. JfRYtK, Ni.lson, &c. &c. more Accurate ■^nd Full than any hitherto publilhed. Wliich, with the livcralothcr VOYAGES and TRAVELS to be included in this Colleclion, will bcEiMbeIlifli(j with a Viiiety ot F.lcgint CHARTS, MAI'S, and other COFi'EU-rLATKS, Engraved by Eminent Artifts. INTRODUCTION. A CR el: AH 1.1: to the rec]ucft of fcvcral men ham ■ .iiul planters ot' his majtfly'i Will-India pcTciruins uho were ddiroiis ofintnnlu; ini" the briaii-tVuil-trce into thofe illaiuls, hii manlty ssas j;r.n.ioully pliafid to^ivchis con- fent, :ind ac. («riiini.'lv a vcHcl (which «as calkd the Bouniv) the moll ti; l«r the undciraki";'. was purLhalccI and taKcn into dock at Diptford, to- the pinp, ". of being properly (.quipped /or the uiteiidcd \ ()) age. Aut^uft 16, 1787, the con.inand of the Uonnty was j,'.vcn 10 Lieutenant William Bli^h. Hit burthen was aboii* 315 tons: her length 0:1 deck 90 U: I 10 ineliei, ^nd hir hre^dtii 24 !ect j inches. '1 he preparations and liMuies were tormcd in a manner very commoili'ius, aecoiding to a plan pro polid by Sir |o(iph iianks , however, her malls, beiijg actordiiij^ >o the proportion of the navy, they Mircafterwails iliortenid at the drfirc of the captain, who, confiderin,: the nature of the voya^;c, thought them too nvuch tor her. Among other alterations the qiiantii^y of ballal! was kiRnedi inlUad ol the ulliil weight (which is 45 tons of ironj the capiain ordered only ly tons to br taken on board; being of opinion that in violent Oormi of wind vcdels are more lubject lO misfortune* -hen heavy in their bot- tom. The ( apiain v.at alfo willing to allow for the w eight of the Rores and provifioni. The ihip did nor come out of dock till the 3d of S'.piemher. After this it was found necelfary ro employ the carpenters and jcincri for the ample tomnietioii of their bufincfs. The men and olTiccrs confirtctt of one lieutenant, to command, one maltcr, one furKCon, one boat- fwaiii and mate, one gunner and mate, one car()en> tcr, mate and crew, two mader't mates, two mid- riipiiicn, two quartcr-maftcr'i mates, one fail, maker, one armourer, one corporal, one clerk and Acward, and twenty-three jeameni the whole am<4indng to the number of forty-four. Bcfides thele there were two (kilful men appointed ro have the management of the pltiiti which were intended (o be brought home. We may l.M>k upon this voyape as tl*v 'irft whirl; was deiigned to rcip advantage Irom the dilaivcrii, nijieh tiad been rtceiiiiy made. 1 he introJuJi! a of Uread-trnit iruo the Welt-Lulies, it was luturji;^ cxpcit.-d, would be of illential bcncbt to the inha- bitants in conlliiuting m\ article of looj ; i; m. therefore intended th.it the two g.irdener.v, u;.j ac.inipanied tluni, one of wh»)in, DaviJ Nil!;,, hid been employeil in a fimilar manner by LaiKj.., Cook in his laft voy.ige, Oiould I'elcd as mam ir«> and plants ai appeared to them of a proper iptcifs and li/.e, to be taken o.i board the liouiuy. Though there have l>een feveral accounts of tht IJread-lruit, and we rtiall have oecalion to mcmion it in other fucceeding voyages, partitulaiiy Cook'i and AnfunVi, yet for the immediite f»tislad,nniiij n>nvenienie ot our readers we rtijil give an cxiria (mm Dampicr's aetount thereof in his Voyj's Round the World, performed in 1688. " The Bread-truit (as we tall 11) grows on i " large tree as bijj and high as our largelt apple- " trees. It has a ipreading head, full 01 bianchfj, " and ilark leaves. The fruit grows on thcbou^'hi " like appU-s: it is ui big as a penny-loaf when " wheat IS at live (hillin,;s the bufliel: it iw)i i J " round Ibape, and hatha thief- tough riiul: when " the fruit ii ripe it is yellow and folt, ani ihc " tartc is fwect and pleafant. The lativcs ofUucm " ufc it for bread. They gather it when full gnmn, " while it is green and hard -, then they t)akc itm '• an oven, which fcofehci the rind andniakaitl " black; but they fcrapcolJ' the outward hlaekcrul!,! " and there remains a tender thin crulf, anJil:t| " inlide ii foft, tender, and white, lik<; the crunibl " of a penny-loaf. There ii neither feed nor llnncj " in the intide; but all it of a pure fiiblhiKclikcl " bread. It mu(l be eaten new, for if it is kcpil " above twenty-four hours it grows harlli indj " choaky I but it is very pleafant befor' it isiwl " ftale. This fruit laits in fcafon eighi monrhual ** the year, during which the natives eat nooihcrl " fort of food of bread kind. There is plenty of thiil ** fruit growing on the rell of the Ladroiic lllanili.'f Uttntlon to procee Ujke for Spithi ftquentljtffcs—T folitt /injiver — Anchor — Proceic r astern tnt ^iven- Warm Clothes on Harbour— Cape fumfied every Ht Gtiriner laid up rijkiti!^ for the C '-Anchor in Siiiw THEY intendei round Cape . advanced, every < liinding which, tJ fnifli till ir work bi jbly pnrtponed. On the 4tli of (X buni, and conduc lie 9th they piocee lock in tliiir tiorco ci^htrrn months, « ot trjiiic witli ine n; u:ili.uil)utics were Un tlie ijth the Oil', jirivc there til duiit lit the bad ue Uai obl';»ed to anci Out (it 11 on the sStl i;.c ;;d of Dcceinbe )uii(;Jtliiou'>li the N i;iji»n tlie t h.iniicl. iiijiiitoj>-i:)llant-(ail yiid, hut '.atchiiig wy piovidontially 1 hey li.id now a ' Ut, wliich coiitinu Ciiiillinas-day, whc tl.jii levere liorm t( tlitlpire yjids and t cliiins : the boats \ witligrrjt dilliculty filled with water, a vj5diniage(i, and re On tfie 5th of J; Ttntrifle, bearing V bj^iies (iil}.int. Tr Jjtathnms of water wirds the W. to the| An odlcer wis ir on the governor, to] I pulling in to repair (iimfd by the late ftor itfrefliments. The 1 l»er, that every thi tiicy fhould have. The captain was . »d Icvcral officen,] welcome him on hi»| ninored, Captain Blii pfrlonsi iTlpeih ro h This being an ur wnts, the captain co 'Nfoflible price. E^ *M brought off by 'put furf on thci I wu given for water. (Siihg their Oay: tf, huent caJtni and Onall Every {.hing being r Jachor on the lotb, Itieoptain's opinion I No. ic. i^iETiT. W. BLIGH's VOYAGE to the SOUTH SEAS. if^9 BOOK I. CHAPTER L Ultnt'ion to proceed to the Society Iflands — Unavoidably poJipoued—Take in their Stores, &c. at Lon? -Reach— jliji/ for Spit head — Departure from thence — A Seaman providentially faves his Life — A fevere Storm — Con- ((quentljoJIes— The I/land of Tenerijje feen — Anchorage near Santa Cru~i—Meffage fent to the Governor— His polite Anjioer — Capl. Bligb pays his perfonal Refpefls to him — Seafon unfavowahte for Refrejhments — IVtii^h jiichor — Proceed to Otaheile — Allowance curtailed — The People informed of the Intent of the Voyage — Encuu- rafement given — Very heavy Rain — Vejfel aired, cleaned, &c. — Dolphins, &c. caught — Chrijiiaa promoted— ]\'arm Clothes ordered — A Seaman punifhed for In/olence, &c. — A Pcrpoife cat/ght^Convenieme of New Tear's HarLour — Cape St. John perceived-— U nfavourable Winds — Bad Weather — A violent Storm — Another— Veffel pmptd every Hour — They lofe Ground— The Cook breaks one of his Ribs — Another diflocates his Shoulder '///* Gunner laid up — Birds caught — Wonderfully improved — Uve Stock decreafcd — The Captain determines on Kjkii'Z fo'' ''■'' ^"P' ofGo§d Hope — Searches for Trijtren da Cunhu — Gives it over— Sees the Table Mountain ^Anchor in Simn 's Bay — Curfory Remarks. THEY intended to proceed to tlic Society Iflands round Cape Horn, and the feafon being far jjvjnccd, every expedition was uled ; notwith- lundinj; which, the lliipwrights being unable to £ni{h tixir work before, their failing was unavoid- ibly portponcd. On tlif 4th of (Wober, 1 787, the pilots came on (,oi(il, and conducted tbem down the river. On (lie (^thtlicy pioccedcd to I/)ng-Rcac'h, where they wkintiiiir Uorui, arms, &c. alfo provifions tor (jjrhiffn months, with feveral articles for the fake ot trillic with lae natives of the South-Seas. Several ui: ill. 01 1)11 ties were likewile provided. Un tlic lith ihcy made for Spithcad, but did Dii! airivf there till the 4;h of November, on ac- cnuutot (111-' bad weather and crofs winds. Maving Uai obhRod to anchor at St. Helen's, they worked out 111 It uti the sSih : they lailed trom Spithead on tr.1- rd of December, and with a treiheallerly wind lullctitliiouf'.h the Needles, and directed their courfc i;iiwn tli^ ( htniicl. A (eaman, while furling the iuiinlo|)-K)llaiit-iail in the aiteinoon, tell otF the wij, hut '.aithing hold of the maintop-mafl-nay, wy providentially faved his life. 1 hey li.id now a very violent wind, and a heavy |«j, which continurtl till the 99th, excqU on e^iillinab-day. when it was moderate. During tus leverc liorm they loll feveral cafles of beer ; thcipire yjids and Iprs out of the flarboard main- (lums : the boats were likewife ftaved, and were vitli Rfcat dilliculty Itcured. The cabin b«ng alio aicd wuh water, a great quantity of their bread MixUniigeii, and rendered ufeleiit. On tlie 5th of January they faw the llland of TcneriHe, bearing W. i>. W. half W. about twelve ImjJucs liilhnt. The next dt" they anchored in ]5titli<)ms nt water, on a coall which inclines to- «irds the W. to the road of Santa-Cruz. An otllcer wis immediately difpatched to wait nn (he governor, to inform him of the ncccflity of putting in to repair the damages which were occa- liimrd by the late Aorm, and likewife to obtain fome rtfrtOiments. The governor returned s^jl-'ean- Itcr, that every thing which the ifland afforded thty (hould have. The captain was now vifited by the port-mafter lad leveral offlcen, whom the governor fent to I welcome him on hit arrival. When the veflcl was mnorcd, Captain BItgh went on Ihore aud paid his I prrlnnal iTrpceh fo hia excellency. This being an unfavourable feafon for refrefli* I DKQti, the captiin could only procure wine at any (lafonable price. Every thing that was purchafcd Vis brought oif by the fliorc-boats, (there being 1 gnat furf an the Ihbrc) and five fh'Mings a ton «u given for wattr. They had moderate weather M^iihg their (hy : the winds were N. E. with fre- I qucnt calmi and fmall rain. Every thing being now completed, they weighed jjtchor on the lotli, with a S. E. wind. It being I ibe captain's opiniott thai unlralnen reft coDtributca No. 16. . '■ ■ ^^ n "■ ■" » much towards the health and fpirits of the crew, he divided his people into three watches, and as it was his intention to proceed to Otihcite without further delay, every body was put upon two-thirds allovvance, and the water was ordered to be filtered through drip>l)ones. All night they proceeded towards the S. S. W. having the wind at S. I£. In the morning they loft fight ot land. Ihe captain now informed his people of the in- tent of his voyage, and, by way of encouraging thcin in their duty, proi?ufed to promote every one immedultly that delcrved it. They li.id mollly a foutherly wind, till tlie 17th, when K cuue to the N. \L and continued fo till the JSlh. The ueathcr now became very wet, and having prcpau-d awnings with hofes, they Caved liimc w.>ter. '1 he winds were light and variable, with fiiqdcnt calms, and the air dofe and fuitry. '1 he beginning of February brought very heavy rain, by v» hicli mcms all the empty water calks were nearly tilled. The veflcl was now aired with fires, and (prinklicl with vinegar, and every opiiort jnity taken of walhing and drying the people's wtt things, and cleaning the (hip. On the 7th the weather became fine, and conti- nued fo for fome time. They had alfo a fine S. tl. trade-wind. On the 23d the rain ntinneJ; by which means they favetl about a ton ot good water. On the j.^th they caught five dolphins, and a fliark. The 2d of March being Sunday, divine fcrvice was performed as ulual, in the afternoon. Mr. lletcher Chriftian, who had the charge of the third watch, was likewife promoted as lieutenant. Nothing material happened fur the remainder of the wc.k. On the 8th they tried for foundings, but could find no bottom with 2^0 fathoms ot line. 1 he boat was fent after a turtle, that was feen floating: when examined, it was found in a putrid flatc, and feveral crabs feeding on it. The people were now ordered to put on warm clothes, iu order to eo« counter the cold climate. On the 10th they had bottom at 23 fathoms ir afterwards they could find none with 160 fathoms of line. They flood toward the W. S. W. at night, with a foutherly wind, and got into foundings again. On the 1 1 th a number of large whales were feen, w ith two fpout-holcs on the back of the head. One Matthew ^uintel, a fcamaii, received 24 lallies this day, in confequence of a complaint luadc againft him by tlie mailer, for mutinous aud iufulent behaviour. Oit the iCth they caught a porpoife; on which they made a hearty dinner. On the 15th their latitude was 43 deg. 6 min. S. and their longitude 58 deg. 41 min. W. They had foundings at 73 fathoms, over a fine greeniflt land/ bottom. Ti\^y continued running to the louth- wardi and nn the lytli were within 30 leagues of 3 Port ■■»"»>*^f- ■«»?«•, r^o NEW COLLECTION ok VOYAGES and TRAVELS. Pori Dclif ; howivcr thcydid not attempt tnmake lor land, as the wind was blowing Irelh from the N. W. and the weather thick and foggy. On the 20tli the wind fuddenly changed to VV, S. VV. and blew very hard. They now ftcered to the S. S. j;. and difeovcrcd the coall of Terra del i-ucgo, bcarihg S. K. on the 23d in the morning early. In the forenoon they were off Cape St. Diego, 'I'hc captain now deemed it prudent, on account of the « ind being unfavourable, to go round to the caflward of Staten Land rather than attempt pairing through the Straits le Maire. In order to have the wind more regular, and avoid being expofcd to the heavy fqualls that come oH" from the land, they did not fail within lefs thanlix leagues of the coalh I he captain was almoft tempted to put in at New Year's Harbour, whirh is a very convenient port, as the accefs thereto is bothcafy and fate ; however the feafon being far advanced, and the people all in good health, the captain retained his former refolu- tion of proceeding to Otaheite without llopping. Towards fimlet they perceived Cape St. John bearing S. S. V.. about lix leagues diltant : they Uoo the vcird every hour,and the decks l>eing leaky the captain thought it ncctlfary to allot the great cabin (of which little ufe had l)ecn made befou) to thofe people who had uncomfortable births ; by fuch removal the l)ctwccn- decks were Icfs croudtd. The hammocks were taken every morning and put in the cabin when the weather was too wet to keep them on deck. I he betwcen-decks were continually aired with tires and cleaned. In addition to thclie misfor- tunes they found, notwithllanding they exerted their utmod, and kept the moll advantageous tacks, they were loling ground. The next day (i jth) the motion of the vefTei was fo violent that the cook broke one of his ribs by a fall, and another man diflocated his lliouldcr. The runner, who had the charge of the watch, was alio laid up with the rheuinatifm t this being the lirlt upon their lick-lill fincc they commenced their voyage. Hirds were exceedingly plenty about the fliip, feveral of which they caught 1 but as they were all lean, and had a fifhy tnlle, they kept thcni cooped up, and crammed them with ground corn, which improved them in fuch a wonderful manner as to render them exceedingly agreeable. This unexpected iupply wai very feafonabic, at the liieep and poultry were all dcflroycd by the laic florins, and none of the live flock remained except the hogi. On the aoth they were A.-^ttcred again with • tem- porary change in the weather. In the evening the weflctly wind returned, and it became as floriny as before. • The captain being now thirty days atcctnpting a pallagc to the Society Iflands, perceived how v,in and impracticable it was to obtain it this wav. ir was in vain to expccl any favourable winds or mim. ther now, ad the feafon was fo far advanced ; bciiiir determined, therefore, to bear aw ay for the Capr of GchhI Hojxr, in order to pr«)cecd from theni c to the callward round New i-lolland, on the 22d hcortkrij the helm to be put a-wc.ither, there being now > flrong wcfterly wind, .Seven, hclides thr "unnir were now confinci), chieHy with the rhcnnutirn,.' the rcfl of the crew, though much fatigued, were Itl good health. 'fhe llormy weather flill continued, with wcftcrl/ winds, which convinced the captain of the propricir of his determination. ^ On the asth the ncarcft of the Falkland lllanifj was about twenty-three leagues, bearing N. i) cjfu. W. It was deemed unneccfiary and but \uU „( time to flop at thefe ifland«, as their flock ot water was furticient to ferve thcni till they rcuhed the Caiie of Good Hope. On the 9th of May they approached the litintinn of Iriltcn da C.'unha, their latitude being j^ ,)f, 7 niin. S. and longitude 15 dig. 26 min \V. As .J was the captain's wilh to make this illnd, thr kept their wind on different tacks during n',^]^, that thry might be nearly in the lame place at iliyl light in the morning. No land being (een holic\rr in the mornintr, they continiictf to fleer to the n'.\. ward, and ran all day, but could not difcovcrthc lead appearance of land, though the weather uji rrmaikably clear. The captain now chaii(;(d hi courfe to the northw-nrd, and fleered N. >;, \t night the weather became very bad, and Cii. tain Bligh determined to give over his (i'jrch i r Triften ila Ciinha (being at this time eallwanici the fituation afcribed ihf reto), and relume his coure towards the Cai)c of Ciood Hope. Ihc wcithfr flill continued foul and cloudy. On the 2 id, in the afternoon, they faw Tal)!f MouMxin, of fhe Cape of (jood Hope. 'Ihev now llccrcd for lalfe Bay, as at this tiire of the \cjnt is not deemed fafe to ride in Tabic Bay, On the ajd they anchored in the oiiter part, and the next day the vcllirl was fecured in Simon'» lin which it the inner part of lalfe Bay. WhirJ mooreil, Noah's Ark bore S, J5 deg. F. ahmt three quarters of a mile diflant, and the M.iipiMl S. 7« ,lcg. U , They now lalutnl the fort, which waj rctumfii with an eipial complement of guns, Capt.iin Himh having fent a ineflagc to the governor, to appri« him of their arrival, went on fliore, and viliiaU Dutch vcliiil that was now lying in Tahlc Idy liound for Euro|)c, by whom he lent letters to tk Admiralty. 'I'he captain iffued immediate dirc«:lion« inmia to have their wants fupplied. As the vdlcl was lo leaky that they were obliged to pumpcverv hourm their pallage from Cape Horn, they pridmini in. llantly to taulk her 1 likewife to repair brr tail, and "KK'"B' 'i hey examined alfo the ll.itc of thnr florcsand provilions; the latter, particularly thcit bread, was very much damaged. As long as they tarried here, the fliip's companr were treated with frcfli meat, new bread, and vc getablei. Captain Bligh, a ftiort time after his arrival,! went over to Cape Town, to wait upon hh excel- lency, M. Vandcr Oraal, who wai fb exceedingly polite as to make matters ai comfortable an«i com. modiouR as polTiblc. Cape Town u very refpertablc, and well fortifitJ: the greatcfl attention 11 paid to military order and difciplinc. The captain however found proviriuni much dearer than when he wai here before, whid> was eight year-, ago. The captain during hit flay, carefully procurrd what feeds and planti would b«ol valucatOtshcitc,] and the adjoiouig itiandi. Oai Oa p. 1;; r If' ill ll- ':*)rr''Mf-" On account of formed, they wer 19th. They wen days, iliirinj^ wfn all the advantage r^riM^ Wlndi-^t —6t. I'aul'j III. V.n Dieman's La 'They atttmpt to j in Adventure B from N. to *i) a very remarkable I CKCtdingly hitfh : it is I ckoragc, 1023 fathoms, Ikf S. W. byS. It i jpidtrctti water on thi I II k hot as to be capa lif thtre was a fire uhi jMf? ?9 min. S. Iilout thefliore. During the forenoor |nir, but afterwards they The center of St. ?. Iflmin. S. In longitu When about three Jtktj proceeded toward l*]filaw a great deal of I nif month of Auguft ■♦other, attended with \ p«y M'pio»ched Van D |«l«'giic«dmancc, thcr 1 111 indicate the near ' 'lie «i>th, in th( .,.^1-'.:,;.,i Lieut. VV. BLIGH's VOYAGE fo the SOUTH SEAS. 191 On account of the nccefTiry bufiiicfs to be per- formed, they were not ready for fea till June the loth. They were obliged to delay here thirty-eight Jays, during w'lii h, the (hi[)',s company received ill the advantage that could be derived from the different refrcfhments of the place. On the ift of July they took their leave, and as they ran out of the bay, faluted the platform with tliirtecn guns, which were returned. They now ftcered towards the E. S. E. CHAPTER II. Ftfrw'"''' Windj-^fudiferent Weather — // Nunher of Oceanic Blrds-^A Storm — A Seaman thrown over the Wheel iV. Paul's 1/l.wd feen — De/iription thereof — A remarkable Su^ar-loaf llock-^A hot Spring — They approach I'.rt Dieman's Land— See the Rock of Me^vjlone — Defcription thereof— Another hiji^h Rock — A hi^h ALiuntain— They attempt to jt^et into Adventure Ray—Dijappointed by baff/inji Winds — Anchor — Weigh, and anchor aj^ain in Adventure B,iy— Remarks— Capt. lili^h examines the Place for Wood and Water — Haul the Seine without Succefs—0/>/h vatitns by Mr. Neljon — A Party fent to dig a Saw-pit, and faw Trees — Several taken ill with eating Mdlles—Some Fruit Trees, Roots, &c. planted — Signs of the Place being inhabited — Interview -with the Natives — Defcription of them — Difcover fame Scorpions, Centipedes, ire — Weigh Anchor — Remarks— Difcover fome reeky Iflands—Oeatb ef a Seaman— See the Ifl.tnd Maitea — See Olaheite^-Vijittd by Canoes— They anchor. Dl'RINCJ the fiifl werk after thry left Falfe Bay the winds were viriabie, atien«icd with much r4iii, thiindrr, and lightning. F(»r the moU part, the winds Were between the S. ami VV, blowing my flronR- truing the ((>ufheily winil, they law 1 great number of oceanic birds, which immediately difippearcd when the wind came from the noi th- vird- On the «otli of July thry had a ftrong weflerly «intl, and were therefore fcudding under the fore- fiil and clofe-recfed maintop-lail. A little after noon the wind blew with (ii much violence, that Wore they could get the fails cicweii up the vcll'i.-l uasalmoft driven fiirecattle under. Wlun they h.«d ukfn il>e );iils in, they got the vcflel to the wind, jnil M'fd her very inuih by lowering the lower yard'!, am' getting the tnpg illant-malis upon deck. ihcy now l^y to till eight the next moining, and ihtn uniicr a reefed forc-fai! they bore away ; but tilt lea ran fo veiy high in the afternoon, that it «u vrry unfafe to Hand on : accordingly, they br ught to the wiml again, and remained lying-to ill nighf. A ieaman at the llceragc was thrown ovir. but afterwards they had an unfavourable fqiiali. Tht center of St. Paul was in latitude lU deg. I^mio. S. In longitude 77 deg. 39 min. r. When about three leaguet beyond the ifland, htj proceeded towards E. S. K. tnd for feveral pytliw a grctt deal of nxk-weed. The month of Augud coinmcnccd with very bad atbcr, attended withfnow and hail. On the ijth Itkv ippruachcd Van Dieman's land : when about lioKigiiei diilance, there was nothing except a fcal 1 1» indicate the nearnefs of the coad. On the 19th, in the afternoon, they faw the rock of Mewflone. This lies near the S. W. Cape of Van Dieman's Land, hearing N E. about lix leagues dillant. They had now a (Irong wind froirj the N. W. After they had padcd this rocU, they were (hcltered from a very heavy fea, which ran from the weftward. '1 hey wire abreall the S. cape at night, and faw feveral fires. Tliey had now a light variable wind. The rock of Mcwftonc is very high and (lately. It lies five leagues to the S. E. or the S. W. cape; and in Captain HIigh's opinion all vefl'e!s oound this way (hould endeavour to make this rock. In lati- tude it is 43 deg. 47 min. To the noithward, be- tween this and the main, arc feveral idtuds; among thcl'c is another high rock, refembliiig the Mcw- llone, bearing N. by W. from the latter: there is alio a high mountain on the main land, N. N. E. from the Mcwftone; which, in this direct ion, ap- peared notched like a cock's comb, but when feen troni the callward, is then quite round, to alt ap- pearance. On the 20th they attempted to put into Adven- ture Hay, but four.a ,; impra^icable, owing to the baffling winds. On the 2ift, early in the morning, they anchoied in the outer port, and weighed anchor at fun-life: at noon they anchored again, in a more comfortable lituation in the Ixiy, and moored the vellVI. Penguin Ifland bore N. 57 deg. and half K. about two miles dillant. Cape Frederick Henry N. 33 deg. E. and the mouth of the Lagoon S. 1 6 deg. h. They had for the mod part weftefly winds, at- tended with very heavy weather, in their palTage from the Cape of Good Hope. They were nt)t, however, molefled with fogs, which are Very com- mon here in the fummer months, as may be lecn in our former voyages. It was Lapt. Bligh's opinion, after he had paflcd St. Paul's Ifland, that there was a wcatherly current, the vcflel being every day tu the wellward of the lecknning. .As fonn as the fliip wis moored, the captain went in a boat to examine the place, and feck the molt convenient fpot to wood and water at : this he found to be at the well end of the beach, the lurf being lels there than at any other part of the bay, though it was very contidcrable every where. I'hc water, which was a colledlion from the rains, ahd in a gully about 60 yards Irom the beach, was very good. They hauietl the leine with very little fuc- cefs, having only taken a few fmalt flounders and fome flat-headed fifli, which are called foxcs. There was no appearance uf the place being lately inha- bited. The captain returned on board in the evening, and the next morning dilpatched a party on (hore to procure wood antl water. On account of thd lurf thry were obliged to raft oiV the wood in bun- dles to the boat. On the 33d their wooding ind waterin(( buflnefs Wif i ! ^' ■ i ■; I litii''l'i 'V hH 'ffl \^f' ■ w, 1 m \ ) PB I ':< i: mi 'm ■' ' li,.l li' '.' '.'"U:| ;■= I: V II ' i,pr(v* 192 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES akd TRAVELS. w m I if! I was very much impeded by the increafe of the furf. Mr. Nclfon, the botanift, went to explore the place; he faw a tree, in a very good condition, which was thirty three feet and a half broad and proportiona- bly high. He alfo picked up a male opoiTum, which had died, or been recently killed, though there was no appearance of a wound. The tail was fourteen inches, and from that to the ears fourteen inches more. The foreft trees were now fhedding their bark ; feveral of them were one hundred and fitly feet high. Thofe which were cut down were quite decayed. There are feveral other kinds of firm good wood, but neither thefe nor the foreft trees fit for marts. They had greater fuccefs with their hooks and lines than by hauling the feine, having caught feve- ral good rock cod on board the veflel. A quantity of eagles were feen, and fame herons with beautiful plumages; alfo a number of parrcquets. I'here were feme wild ducks in the lake, and a few oy ftcr- catchers, gulls, &c. about the beach. The captain now lent a party to dig a faw-pif, and to fiw trees into planks, which they were in great want of. During this week the winds were very moderate, but the weather unfettled. On the 29th there was a ftrong biceze from the S. W. witli thunder, lightning and rain. They had now very great fuccefs in filhing. Several of the crew were taken ill by eating muf- cles ; it was the captain's opinion that they had eat too many. They found fome fpider-crabs, the males of which were good, but the fcnuks, wliich abounded, very bad. Tlicy difcovercd on the trunk of a tree, which was decayed, the figna- tures of *' A. D. I77:}-" Some of the fruit-trees wbich the captain brought from the Cape of Good Hope were plantcil on tlie eaft-fidebf the biy, as Ml. Nelfon deemed that the more eligible fpot, being freer from wood than any other fpot, clear of underwood, and lefs liable to be confumcd by the fires which are made by the natives. They pLinted three line young apple-frees, nine vines, hx pUn- tiin trees, a number of orange and lemon feed, chcrry-llones, plumb, peath, pumpkins, apricot- ftones, apple and pear kernels, with two kinds of Indian com. They likewife planted on a flat near the watering-place, which feemed a pioniiling (itiiation, foine potatoes, cabbage- roots, onions, &c. On the I ft of September they difcovercd, for the fii ll time, (igns of the place being inhabited. On the low land near Cape Frederick Henry they iiw ibme Grcs. and by the afllftance of glafles they dif- covcrcd the natives at day-light. Captain Bligh now remained with thofe parties who w'-t employed in preparing the wood and water, in expectation of a vifit froai the natives ; but, difappointed in his hopes, he was detcrmincil on vifiting them. They accordingly fet out in a boat towards Cape Freilcrick Henry, where they arrived about eleven o'clock. At it was impoflible to land, the boat came to a grapnel, where they waited near an hour in hopes of feeing the natives, as they had paffcd feveral fires. To the captain's great aftonifhment, Mr. Nelfon'i afliftant (Hrown) came out of the wood. This man had been wan- dering in fearch of plants, and told the captain that he had feen fome of the natives. lie had met, he faid, an old man, a young wo. man, and about three children. On their firft in- terview, the old man was very much alarmed -, but upon Brown's giving him a pen-knife, he became quite eafy and familiar. The young woman, how- ever, he fent away, though apparently againft her inclination. Brown alfo faw fome wretched wig- wams, in which were nothing but a few kanguroo fkins fprcad on the ground, and a baiket compofed of ruOies. A fhort time after this they heard the natives voices, and about twenty peribai appt*red from 3 the wood. The men went round to fome rocks where the boat could get never to the Oiore: the women remained behind. The captain endeavoured to approach thefc rocks, but could not come nearer to them than about twenty yards ; he was confc. quently obliged to make a bundle of what pielents be iutendec^ fur them, and throw ic to ihore. In the mean time thefe people made a great noife holding their arms over their heads: they fpokc in fuch a quick manner, that not a word they utrtrcd could be difliDguiUied. The captain {wd the things, not feeming to take any notice of what was given them. Some more beads and nails '.vcre thrown on fliore in the f^me maiiiuT : the captain made figns to them to come to his vilhl, while they were makinf; iigns to lilm to land : but as tlu» was impracticable, the cjptijn left them, cniertaining hopes of feeing them aguo at the watering-place. The colour ot thefe natives v>'as a dull black and the Ikiii ol their ihoulders and brcaft wns ial rificd. They were rather fhoi t, am! painted black fo that they appeared all alike footy. One ainona them was painted with ml okcr : they had a very- quick fight, and their aj^ility was furpriling. \Vlua the prefents were throw n to them, they caught them with wonderful dexterity : tl.ey ran with^Kut facility over the rocks. Tlicy were quite mknJ anl while they were diicouiliug lat on ihcjr licei/ with their knees dole into their aim-pits. The captain, in his retuin fo tht vtllel, landed at the point ot the harbour, near Penguin lUaniJ. ^ Several fcorpions, ccntiptdcs, and a numlKr »( black ants, (about an inch lung) were found ainuiii/ the wood that they had Cktt. On the ad they were loakiug preparitioos fur failing the next day ; but were preveueil on ti>e jd by a calm. I'he captain was in ^ixn hiifo.rf (ccing fome of the natives again, as they tx avcii lo tiicndly and familiar on their hift in'civicM: biit they never repeated their vifit, though ihey full continued to keep fires upon the low laud tu tlie nortbw ard during night. On the 4th they weighed anchor, and failed out of Adventure IJ.iy wiili a pleafani breeze at N. W. ! At 12 o'cliKk the IbuthernmoU parts oi Maiits KIcs bore N. 52 dcg. L. about five le.igues dillant. IVnguin Iftaud S. U6 deg. W. and Cape Frcdtiick Henry N. 65 deg. W. They had now louiKlnigi at 57 fathoms, over a Hue fandy bottom, Adventure B.ay is a very tafe and coavroitu place lor any number of veffcis to take in wuod awl I water during the lummcr months; but as tlieLi>.| therly wiiuU arc very ftrong in winter, it isexcced.l ingly troublefomc to land, p vrticulaily on accouMj ofthcfuif which is in all parts of the (horc ibfi foundings are very regular : there are lumc puckcti- of weed near the W. Ihure ; but tlxrc bciog deptb| from five to nine tathoms, there is not toe k danger. As foon as they were clear of the laad tbey im^ ed towards £. S. E. ia order to pafs to the loutbj ward of New Zealand, where the cwtain wu iii hopes of meeting with conftant weftcrly winds ^ contrary, however, to his expectations tlic wioil were variable, in general blowing ftrongly iriu the«aAwat^. The weather was iikewiiit ioul lodl mifty. On the 14th they altered their cnurfa and fleer« to the northward of talk. They frequently fiti rockweed, which, it was fuppofed, was drifted front Ncttr ZuUnd. ikiof cxfKMed to a k>ng l»^l wbiclf which came fro rougher. On the iptli duller of fmal about four leag indication of t was at N. £. th idands nearer to the fouthwan wifefo foul, that extent appeared from E. to W. j S. Their numb there were fome but no verdure thefe is the large! covered at feven tain was ten mile; and th eafternm 7j fathoms, over run fix leagues ft boffom 104 fathni fand. Thefe iflan S. In longitude fome penguins, ai forked tail, when On the 21ft the irolTcs, and fome r bottom with 2 30 f On the ad of 0(f ber of fmall blubt fome of them were mined, but no dil dicfe and the conin In the night the fe vcred over with lu qaaolitirs of thefe C)n the 3d they i Deing now well t( Iflands, thev faw foi ol oceanic birds, i which the crew fati done before. On the 9fh James of 1 ferming good of an afthmatic con in on his arrival at bled and thought wbich he was bled bellow cough enfuet On the 13 th they diy feme fifb. Fn light variable winds, day they had a goo< From this to the 3 tarly in the niorniii btaiing S. W. by W dillant, in latitude in deg. 94 mJn. E. iigh, and its greatel The natives chiefly ii but little fiipport in Hffplrorn the top do^ dole in to the northv tated a few habitat! mirkahly ocat, on a ' iiuatcd in a grove of i Till') were followc % wetf/b /fnefjer, am tt"A a Prtjtnt—Ttt Hiuffand Famtly—/ Capiam—yin /ffttrcai Sntral Particulars r ^flain vifyt linab, Jmi late Tranfailitnt I'jktd hrfert the Nali ~/( Wrtftling Match No. 17, Lieut. W. B LIGH's VOYAGE to the SOUTH SEAS. '93. which came from the N. E. they found the fea much rougher. On the 19th, about break of day, they faw a dufter of fmall rocky iflartrls. beaiing E. by N. about four leagues dillant. There was not the Icaft indication of the nearnefs of land. As the wind was at N. E. they could not poflibly approach thefe iflinds nearer than three leagues, while paflin^ tQ the fouthward of them. The weather was like- vifefo foul, that they had not a didindl view. Their extent appeared to be about three miles and a half, from E. to W. and about half a league from N. to S Their number, great and fmall, were thirteen : there were fome white fpots like patches of fnow, but no verdure to be fecn. The weQernmotI of thefe is the largeft : they arc high enough to be dif- covered at feven leagues diHance. When the cap- tain was ten miles diftartt from the neareft of them, and th eafternmoft bore N. he found bottom at 7' fathoms, over a fine white fand. When they had run fix leagues further to the E. S. E. they found tiottom 104 fathoms, over a fine brimftone>colourcd find. Thefe iflands are in latitude .17 des. 44 min. S. in longitude 179 deg, 7 mia. E. They faw fome penguins, and a white kind of gull with a forked tail, when in fight of thefe iflands. On the lift they faw a feal, a quantity of alba- troflcs, and fome rock- weed. They could find no bottom with 230 fathoms of line. On the ad of Oftober it was quite calm. A num. \ict of fmall blubbers were feen about the veflel ; fome of them were taken up in a bucket and exa- mined, but no difference could be feen between thefe and the commoti blubbers in the Weft- Indies. In the night the fea frequently appeared to be co- vered over with luminous fpots, occaftoncd by the qainlitirs of ihefe blubbers. On the 3d they ftcered more to the northward. Being now well to the eaftward of the Society illanJsi they faw fome whales, a feal, and a nuntbcr of oceanic Dirds. Several albatrofles were caught, which the crew fattened in the manner they had (lone bffore. On the 9th Jamea Valentine, a very able feaman, ofaferming good conftitution, died in the night of an afthmatic complaint. He was taken flightly in on his arrival at Adventure Bay, where he was bled and thought out of all danger : the arm in which he was bled afterwardt became inflamed, a hollow cough enfucd, '-id continued till his death. On the 1 3th they (aw feveral birds, and the next day fome fifli. Vrota thia to the 19th they had hght variable winds, with intervening calms. This ity they had a good trade wind. Fmm this to the 25th nothing material occurred. £irly in the morning they faw the ifland Mairea, bcjiing S. W. by W. quarter W. about fix miles diftani, in latitude 17 deg- 50 min. S. longitude :i]deg. 94 min. E. This ifland is round and high, and its greateft extent is about three miles. The natives chiefly inhabit the S. fide, as they find hut little fiipport in the north fide, which is quite \m from the top Uown to the fea. While fleering dole in to the northward of the E. end, they per- ceived a few habitations, particularly a houle re- mVMy neat, on a fmall eminence, delightfully iiuitcd in a grove of cocoa-nut trees. They were followed by about a doxen natives along fhore, who wete holding up to view large pieces of cloth ; but the furf on the fhore being very high, it was impoffible to have any communi- cation with them. There are two very remarkable rocks near the E. eiid, and a reef which runs about half a le;igue off to the eaiiwurd. They how proceeded to the urftward, and about fix in the evening they faW Otaheifc, bearing W. quarter S. The captain delired the furgeon to exa- mine all the men previous to their arrival at Ota- beite, where, as they intended to ftay lome time, it was natuially expctled that the failors would at intervals be connetled with the female n itives. The furgeon repnited them to be all unblemifhed, and free from any venereal complaint. Having run about 25 leagues from Maitea, thejr brought-to till day-light on the 26th ; when they difcovercd Point Venus, bearing S. W. by W. about four leagues diftant. On their approach they were vifited by a great number of canoes. As Ibon as they were fatisfied in fome enquiries which ihcy thought proper to make, they affembled in vail numbers, notwithftanding every effort was ufed to prevent it, for they not only incommoded the men, but were working the veflcl in, and the deck was fo full in about a quarter of an hour that the captain could Icaicely find his own people. As they were prevented, by light variable winds, from finding a commiKlious bir(h for the veflel, they were obliged in the forenoon to anchor in the outer part of Matavai Bay, in 13 fathoms. As loon as they were anchored the number of vifiters incrcafed, but no perfon of any confequence as yet appeared. There were feveral inferior chiefs, who made the captain a prefent of fome hogs, and received fome prefents in return. Ureid-fruit was now very fcarce, but they were fupplied with great abundance of cocoa-nuts. Among the feveral enquiries which thefe natives made relative to their former acquaintance, they were particularly curious about the death of Capt. Cook. They likcwife afked after Sir Jofeph Banks. They underftood that Capt. Cuok was dead, but were ignorant by what means ; and the (hip's com- pany were particularly commanded by Capr. Bligh not to mention, nor even hint at the circumflances. It feems they were informed of Capt. Cook's death by a veffel which had been there, fome faid about four months ago, and others three months ; and which remained at Otaheite for about one month. Thry faid that Lieut. Watts, who had been there brfore in the Refolution with Capt. Cuok, was in this vcfliel. Capt. Dligh was informed by ihefe people, that Omai, and both the New Zealand boys that had been left with him, were dead. They all agreed they had a natural death. Otoo, the chief of Ma- tavai, was abfient at another part of the ifland. A mcfl!°age was difpatched to him, to inform him o^ the bounty's arrival. The natives appeared exceed- ingly good-humoured and friendly, nor did the/ betray the leafl inclination to diflionefly. The captain was fo exceedingly crouded, that he was obliged to poftpone the removal of the Quo till the next day, b'ing unwilling to afi'ront his vifiters by compelling them to retire before they were in- clined. They continued all day with the captain on board. CHAPTER III. I fitj vitlj^b /Inebar, and mfr in a tmrt tenvenitnt Piatt — Vijlttd by fivtral Chief j — Two Mtffin£ert frm Otat tti/i a Prtjint—Tbt Vefftli amply fufflitd^fht Caftain ttti »n ibtrt viilb tht Chiif tf Matavai— Vifin the Htuft and Family-^A folitt Retntltn—Kiiidne/s 0/ tht Wonun, iyc.—Tbty take an affeflionate Leave tf tht Ciftain — An A!ttrcatim on heard-^Oreefyab in a Rafie at finding tne of bis Ctuntrymtn attempting tt thieve— innal Particulars relative tt the Natives. Otit, &c.—Prefints, &c.—Prtvifi»m brnight to the Vefftl~Thi Ciftain vifils Jinab, who was Otto— Remarks — The Buoy of the beji Bower Ancbtr tMen awtty^-ztcctunt of jm late Tranfaitions — A Concert— Chnjlian fetit to treh a Tent — Peculiar Ctremonits — fbe titat-ketper tu- nijhed before the Natives— Petty Tbefit— Plants telle^td- -/f Wrejiling Match, &c. &c. No. 17. , . keeper tiu- -A fainttd Htad txbibittd—A Cimfetif of Strotien , ,. 1 \ ' '' 'f ' '■'U IW li ''Hii WxW :-li ill ii 'i r -T)'. i', Hi' will 3C £ARLY x„ , • '»»r"»^f5>r<»fl '94 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. m , EARLY 111 ihc morning, onihcayth, before the natives hid time to repeat their vilit, they Wtif^iU'O aiiLhor and worked tlinher into the bay, huvinj; foun.l a more commodious birth within a mile's dirtance tn)m the Ihore : they icanchorcd in feven fathrni-i \v;ucr J Point Venus bearing N. i6 deg. K. the VV. point ol Onctrec Hill, S. W. by S. and the point of" the leit', N. j7 deg. W. I hey wtie this day vilited by feveral chiefs of conftqiicnce, who cxprclfed j^reat happinels on ll-e- ing Cap.ain Uiigh, particulaily Otow, the fathcrof UiiKi, ami Ills brottui Orcipyah j likewilc oJiothcr chut oi Matavai, whole name was Poeeno. The captain gave prcfents to ail thcfc chiels. Two mtlTcngers now arrived from Otoo to ac- quaint the captain that this chief was making the utniotl cxpc.luion to pa) him a vilit. He alio lent the cjpraiii, by thtfe niclfen 'crs, a prtlent of a filial! pig and a young plantain tree. By meins of all tnele prcfents, and what was othcrwife procured, the vclFcl was fo veil Hocked tha: every ptrlbn had as nuich as ho could pofTibU ni.ikc ufc ol. When il'.e vellll was moorcil the ^aptain went on lliore with Poeeno, the chief of \laiavai, lollowcd by feversl ot the natives. The chief conducted Caprain Bligh to the place where they had hxed their tents in 1777, rcquefting he would now make the fame ufe of the ground. The) now cr .Ifed over the beach and entered a moll delightful walk Ihadcd \k:ilibr;.a(l fruit-trees, which led tothcchiel's lioiife Here was Poeeno'swifc and his liiler-in- 1,1 .1 , who were at work ftaining a piece ol doth red. 1 hey behaved very polite to the captain, rcqueding he would lit down on a mat (which was iinnic- iliatel/ fpriad tor that purpole) and partake of fame lefr.lhmeiits, which were accordiiij^ly prcpai- cd. Sc\ cral llrangcrs alfo attended, ^o congratulate the captain on hij arrival ; they behav^ed with the greatell poliienefs and good-nature. The multi- tude of natives which afl'embled round the houfe was fo great that the captain ilior;ly became ex- ceedingly incommoded hy the conlequent heat: this being perceived they accordingly dicw back and prelied as little as pouiblc. Among the throng the captain perceived a man who hao loft his arm, jull above the elbow ; this amputation appeared to have been performed with great (kill, as the flump fecmed admirably covered, and the cure quite pcr- fed. The captain during his flay in the chief* houfe made feveral enquiries, but received very unfatisfac- tiiry anfwcrs to all his qiicflioiK. Afier Haying about an hour the captain rofe in order to take hi:i leave, but was detained by the women, who very politely came to him vtith a mat and a fine piece of cloth, in which thpy drclTcd him after their own flifluon. Thus attired, the millrefs of the houfe and her fifter took him each by ihe hand, and ac- companied him a^s far as the water-fidc j here they took an affcdionatc leave of him, promiling they would rtiortty return his vjfit. This ifland U-as very much improved fincc the captain was here before. It wa« now enriched with rtiaddocks, which fruit he introduced in it: they had alfo young goats, capficoms. pumpkins, &c. which, with other articles, they offered for fale. On the captain's return to the veffel there was an altercation on board, occafioncd by one of the na- tives attempting to Ileal a tin pot. Orcepyah, when informed of the caufe, was exceedingly enraged, and fo provoked with the thief, that doubtlefg he would have killed him had he not fortunately made his cfcape. He obliged all the natives to leave the vcfTtl, and begged the captain, when another thief wua deteded, that he would inflantly order him to be tied up and give him a due quantity of laOies. The pidurc of Captain Cook had been brought on board by a man in the forenoon to have jt re- paired, the frame thereof being broken, and the pidurc damaged in the back ground. This pidlure had been left with Otoo in 1777, who was defufd whenever any Englilh came, to fliew it to the caul tain, and ii would be acknowledged is a token of great Iricndiliip and rcfpect. In the afternoon the captain was vifited by Why. dooah, who was Otoo's youngell brother. Thj. man, notwithflanding his youth, feemed qunc ftupilicd by his immoderate ufe of the yava. All the male viiiters left the vclFel about lun.fet. Early on the 28th the captain received word that Otoo was arrived ; upon this he immediately d,f. piitched a boat, with Mr. Chriftian, to conduct lum to the velFcl. He came, attended by great num. bcrs, and was very happy at fccing the capMn," Otoo no!*' introduced his wile to the captain, and' as their kifling confiHs of joining note* i.illeaii „[• lips. Captain Bligh falutcd her alter the Ocahcitc tafliion. Otoo had changed his nime to Tinah, m the name of Otoo, with the title of Earee Ra'hie, had, according to the cuflom of their country, ^{^. volvcd to his elded fon, who as yet wai nut oi ivi. At the requell of Tmah, the cautain and he Titi changed names ; thw being a token of l.iendii.ip among the chiefs. ' '^ Tinah's wife was called IdJeah ; flu had a con. panion, who was drcHcd with a I c quanti y of cloth in the foim of a hoop. Upon ..Kir introUuc tion to the captain, this was taken oil and jjuletitcd to him, with lomc bread fruit, a l-ir^e hog, i^c. Captain Bligh now took his viliters u^ . the cabin, and in return for their kindntf* gavi them fome hatchets, files, (mail adiis, gimblns, (jii, looking glaftes, two lliiits, red feathirs, &i:. 6^; 1 le gave Iddcah fome car.f injs. necklaces, h-j \i &iQ. and as Hie exprcfied an inclination for ;r n tvto quantities thereof were nud. out for htr .ij her hulband. They fecmed cxtrc»:>ely will la.uii^j *ith their prcfcnt, and much convcrfat,on pjlTal with one another concerning them. In order 10 prove their high fatisf^otion with the reception ihiy met, they were determined on fpenduig the uli,.|e day with the captain, rcqucfling he would Dicv them the vefTcl, and the cabin wherein he llcpt. The captain immediately indulged them m th.ir willies, though contraiy to his own inchiuii i;- for, according to his apprchenfions, they took ij fancy to fo many things that the) got near!* double the prcfents that were intei^dcd theui. Some ol le great guns were alfu fired at the rtqucfl of li.uli; the natives were very much furpriftd at ihi ^-rcit diftancc which the lliot feirat, and expielFed ihcir admintion wi(h loud fliouts, Bcfidcs Tiftah and Iddeah his wife, feveral othfr chiefs dined with the captain, particulail) Oto», Tinah's father, and two of his brothers, Orcepyah and Whydooah, &c. &c. Tinah is about th.rt.. five years of awr, near if not more than lix feet (oiir inches in hcignt, and praporiionably lluut. I In wife, Iddeah, is likewife taller than the gencraliiy of women at Otaheitc : flie was exceedingly ^\n. fant, and polFeired of a fine animated couiitcnancc. Tmah, during dinner, had one of his attendanis with him in order to feed him ; this being c ultomiry among fuperior chiefs. The women are not allowci to eat in the prefence ot the men ; Iddeah therefore dined with lomc of her companions in privitc. They all cat \xty hearty, and fcemcd to rcliifi their Knglifli emeruinmcnt. in order to jvcvcnt any kind of dirturbance while procuring the prtMfions ncceffary for the veffcl, Mr. Peckover, the gunner, was appoinicJ by the captain to make whatever bargains fecmcJ the belt with the natives. Matters being thus ar. ranged, proviiiont were procured in great plenty. Some hogs were bought which weighed looib. le- vcral were purcbafed tor falling. They like«i!c j purchafed iMtfal goals at a very cafy rate. As the Knglifl) and natives were very intim:t', { there was fcaree a man on btard rhc vefU-l that t> not chofen by fome one or other as a friend, ibcvcr "-' -/"''• t '"■/;F/,.rn. /»»/', . V/.//.// iiiftpfHitt ^9f/'» I fif!i m ilf" li'^i;. a ." i:!!; ^j!. ^'^ 1^, WfWIfl- l.T ut the tliitl!> **i.'r( ilurt was no po; crew, j>articularly the liktncfs oi foni with the captain a he cat tour times ot a very hearty iliiine leciire the prilents » and on w hich he h; (jucllcci Captain lil hiiiii I'ut tiie capia III hisiabin, which uit, Iinali was perl 'I'he captain had ft;k ;or planis ; | r Pivcil to all the torn »o).igc a ("iLTet tron be tempted to cnha pUiws, und occalioa hi', jlfilianf, on thei i:;i i,ruitell hopes ot Itiii nut with two pliUicd by Nclfoii I », ich wire not ab ji The next day, hei 111 liiiah'ii viiit, wi lini with Ills wife, a b'.cd ti) him, 111 a I [■„ Ic to iht caftvv.nd tijd a miiTicrous trait |-,in: liiefe peoj>le, I liWi ; t(ir ihojjih an fi.il ihi) carcliilly a' ccalmniy go. He likewili (h.ldrcn who were lione>i much droll an tlncir 12 yiin ot ag inarms, in order torci n idi (iiveiliLin, and 1. r things he briHjghi The captain iikcwil tii'n ol his, Muannal I c-m.q; -ncc in tjie (ipti M thought It his 'Ikcapuin mate ihcr ikummy, iheiicuaiion |ia,\vi lomc cucuifi! Ihcii iliiels wcrf inio (hii,.l I k low n there, »h;(;i ihcy fctmed vei I liifi Mire made to und I grua into trct-«, and p Thcca|iiain nrurnc I coM.pnud l)y Mnann «Wt Daili to I'OCCJIO'8, j V>Vi( ihcLApitain «us oini Iroin 1 inth to h him M his brother O Mif thtlieath. Thee *i;h his rtqucft, and j pwp.c hi re, w ho, on |hiinii) lit down by Tii ]m\ puffing forward, |liiic|>icccoUloth, «b<* I OHIO inn)', was fprcad i Ipuh brought out anotl Ipui over the captain's 1] nccording to the noani I ilKiiid. 'llicrc were n |i)l:wlb. each, and a q Iwdtoioa-niits, plat-cd jfi'ii:: alter this he wus jwd to the other of the j'lirgiound; during wb l»iili I.Mid'llioiits of joy lo^u, lin^l, rcqucrttd i |ihii)j;s that were given V' ■ '* I.tETtT. W. BLIGH's VOYAGE to the SOUTH SEAS. ■9S ut the (.liicts were very much dilappointed that there w:i« no portriiii-paiiitcr among the fliip's crew, particularly 1 "mah, uho was very anxious tor the liktncfs ot fomcot his tamily. Tmah continued with the captain all the altcrnoon ; during which he tar tour time* ot roall pork, though he hail made J very hearty dinner. Being at a great lofs how to Icciire the prilents which the caj.tain had given him, anJ on which he had placed no little value, he re- (luclleii Captain Blibh would put tt.em up faJc tor |.'iiiij hut tiie tapia.n giving him a key ol a locker in hisiahin, which he rcligned to him for his own ulc, linali was periectly ealy. Thecaptam had lent Mell'. Nclfon and Brown to ftik lor pianis j ) rcvious to this find orders were Pivcii toall the company to keep the ol)jeCt ot this Voyage a (Vtrct from the natives, tor Irar they might be tempted to enhance the value ot the bread-tnitt njiii's, jrid occalion oiher dithciiliics. Nellbn and |„j alFiMant, on their return, r(]virted tliat they had |iK.rcatelt hopes ot heiiig luin i>t(il in their niiirion. Thn iii-'t ^'t^* t*o ''"'■' maililock trees, whi(h were plinicii liy Ncll'on in 1777: they were lull of Iruit, »nich were not as yet ripe. The next day, being the a9th, the captain return (li liiiiih's viht, which Mas expected. He found hini *ith Ills vMfe, and thrtx- duldren who were rc- l:icd ti) him, in a linall thed ahout a quarter ot a i,,;|t ti) the e.i(\«.ird of Matavai Point. 'I'hc captain lud a lUiiiierous train, fi einplo\ed, un iDVitaiion (ink Iroiii 1 inth to him, rrtfutiltiiig he would meet |kim,u his brother Oixepyah's lioufc, which was I Mir the Ix-ach. The captain imnwidiatcly complied tith his recjueA, and luimd a great concourlcor people hire, who, on his cnuaucc, made way for kim to lit down by 'I'inah. The croud, which waa now |ii( iTiiig forward, was detirrd 10 retire, and ■ line piece of cloth, about two )ards wide, and forty I ditto Innj', uas f'prcad upon rhc ground, while Orec- Ipuh brought out ■natker ^ecc of cloth, Which he I put over the captain's Ihouldcas and round his waift, iccording to the manner in which the chiefs are liiKlFed. liicrc were now two large hogs, upwards |ot:ix)lb. each, and a quantity «t liaked bread-fruit I ind cocoa-nuts, plated beibie the captain as a pre> Ibt: alter this he wus trqueltcd to walk from one Itndtuihe other uf the cloth, which was fprcM) on Itlirgiound; during which they hailed htinifriemi |«iik loiid'liiouts of joy. iWbonthkt cuony was lo^a, Tmah requcfitd the ca{)tain would itnd the |ilun£s that were given him on board, and which 3 completely filled the boat. Capt. Bligb, therefore, waited till flic came back from the vdlcl, in order to bring the chiefs on board with him, and make them a return for their politencfs. As foon, there- fore, as thoy entered the Ihip, the captain prcfented I'ioili with gifts luperior foany that wci'-yet mad«, and which Tmah dilfribuicd among liie other chiefs, not being himlcif fbic proprietor of what had been given to the captain, fevcral having joined in fur- nilhing thofe articles which compofed their prefcnt, particul.irly Oreepyah, Moannah, and Poceno. Tinah, who uiiiiertook the divifioo of the things, took good care of himfelf ; notwithftanding, every one v,i>i fo well plealcd with his diffribution, that there was not the lealt murmur heard. On the jotli Tinih, and his lady Iddcah, vifitctj the captain a^ain on hoard. The captain knowing that they prcterre 1 pork to tea, ordered large difhcs of roall and boiled pork lor their breakfall ; and lar^e (lilhcs were indeed necelFary, as their atten- dants were very numerous. The arrival of the IiWj however, in oppoliticn to thefc orders, attarked the centinel : upon which the captain preiendcd to be very angry, that they might fee the dangerous con- ia]ucnce of opjxjfing a man on his duty. The otiendcr made his el'cajx-, while the reft apf)earcd Very forry k>r thocaufc, and alarmed at the captain's atiumed ra^'C. The captain was vifited to-day bv two chiefs o€ great eonlcipicnce, forces of the dilhicts of Itceah and Atialihooroo, and whole names were Marre- marre and Pc«)haiiai.»h Otcc his foil. Tinah ap- peared very jealous during the captain's attention to thefc liarecs. They took theii leave about fun- fct, and Were conveyed to fhore by one of the fhip's boats, which is looked u[>on as a |)eculiar favour, *nd always preferred to any of their o*n canoes. There was a race rowed between tlieir fivc-oared cutter and one ot chcir double canoes with four paddles, at the rcqucll of thefe chiefs. The exer- tions on both tides were very great, but the cutter was the wmncr. White ihc was returning to the vellcl.Oreepyuh flopped and detained her till a large piece of cloth which he tent for was brought, and which he himlcif fkflencd tothe boat-hook, to be borne as a trophy of oheir vi^^ory. On the 31 rt Tinah l«nt Moannah on board the Bounty , to inform the captain that he was afraid to fee hiin, as he knew there were tome things llolcn from the vcikl, which he had fent his people in frarch of, in hopes to recover rtiem. The captain, however, fent n boat wirh a kind invitation to Tiimh and his friends to cvmt on board, being unwilLing that any mifdcmeanor of others Ihould caule a ctMilnefs between them. Before this the captain ap- (iirchcnded that there was fomt^^thing w rong, for they wcfe not viiitcd as bcfoit; by any canoes ; dnd on diligently examining the vctFel, theydilLOvered that the Buoy of the bttt bower anchor was llulcn. Tinah accepted the captain's invitation, and rcturiKd in the boat with feveral of his friends. Thc>' were as free as ever with the captain, and under no kind of apprehenfions. Oreepyah had gone in fearch of the buoy, whieh prevented him from going with the capriitn to OpaiTC this morning, aa they had pre- vioully agreed irpon. At noon, however, the cap- tain rcfolvcd upon repairing to Oparre, under pre- tence of viftting Otoo, Um of Tinah, who was the liaree'Rahle^ and lived with the reft of Tinah's children at Oparrej ^htt, in fatt, the captain was induced to this cxcurfion for the lake of exploring the ■ #p:fl '96 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. Li \A- '« « the place, and feeing if Nelfon could poflibl^ procure any plants there. The captain took with hinia very handfome prcfcnt for young Otoo, as he undcrdood him to be a perfon of the higheft rank in the idand. Moannah was to have been of the party, but he thought it advifcable to day behind and prevent his countrymen from doing any more mifchief. The captain was only accompanied by Tinah, Iddcah, and Poecno. When they had failed about half an hour they ar- rived at Oparre, which is a diftrict next to the wed- ward of Matavai. During this time Tinah entertain- ed the captain with an account of the different cir- cumflances fince he was with them before. He told him that about five years after Captain Cook's de. pirture, the inhabitants of the illand Eimes, joined with thofe of Attahooras (a diftridt of Otahcitc), nudeadefcent on Oparre : that he and fcveral of his people, having made a fruitlefs refinance, were obliged to take refuge in the mountains, while the enemy fccured their property, dcftroying that which they could not take away. At this time fome of the cattle and (hcep which had been left them by Captain Cook were killed and eaten, and the rclVre- moved to Eimes. The cows, he added, had by this time produced eight calves, and the cwcs ten young ones. The ducks and gcefc had likewifc incrcafed, but the turkeys and peacocks did not breed at all. The enemy had likewife deftroycd fome very line habitations, and flight (beds which were in this part of Otahcite, in 1777,* and plundered them of fcvcral large canoes. In the courfe of this converfation, Tinah undcr- flanding that the captain intended ro vifit fome of the neighbouring illands, endeavoured to dilfuadc him from his purpofc, aifuringhim, that if he went further, every thing would be ftolen from him, but if he remained in Matavai, he Ihould be fupplicd plentifully with every thing that he wanted, declar- ing that they were alt his friends, and friends to King George. Captain Bligh then told him that the valuable prefents which he had delivered to him were from the King ; upon which Tinah declared that he would fend fumething in return, and while enumerating the different articles which he intended to colled for his Majcfly, he happened to mention the bread-fruit : the captain took this favourable op- portunity of flightly hintingthat bread-fruit, he knew, would be the mod acceptable. Tinah cxprefTcd great Joy in being able to fend what would be ac- ceptable, and promifcd that a quantity of bread-fruit trees fhould be put on board for King George. When they arrived at Oparre they u ere furrounded by a great throng of natives. The captain expect- ing to have met Oreepyah there, enquired for him, but was informed that he had not as yet returned from fecking the things which were (lolen. The party, however, went under a (hcd belonging to Oreepyah, to wail for him, and in a fhort time he arrived, having brought with him one of the hoops of the bouy, and an iron fcraper. The captain re- turned him his fincere thanks for the great trouble he had taken, afTuring him he was perfcdiy fatisfied, tur it was dill underftood that Capuin Bligh was offended at the theft. Some Ihort time after, they took leave of Oreepyah, and proceeded on their vi- fit to young Otoo. After they had walked a few minutes, the captain was abruptly flopped by Tinah, who informed him * As this fubjed will be repeated more fully in Captain Cook's voyage, we have therefore only (lightly touched upon the confidcrable changes which have happened fince that time. Our readers will have a more copious and entertaining account of the fcvcral dirtrids of Otaheite in the interef>ing narra- tion of Captain Cook'.s% which, as it mufl be occa- Ttonally rci<:rred to, will be found ver/ nccefTary to compare with this, j .' v.; 3 that no perfon could be admitted into the prefcnce of his fon who was covered gbove the fliouldcrs ■ as an example, he took off his own upper garments re. qucfling the captain to acquiefce with the ccrefn'onr' Captain Bligh readily complied, alluring him heh/j no objedion to pay him as much homage as h- would his own king ; taking therefore off hu hat Tinah threw a piece of cloth round his fliouldcrs and they proceeded. Having now gone a mile fur ther towards the hills, through an agreeable fliadcot bread-fruit trees, they flopped at the fide of a fmaii ferpentine river, where ihey were within view of a houfc, on the op(X)lite fide, about fifty yards dif. tance. The captain was now defired by Tinah to addrcfs his fon by the title of Too Earee Rahic Notice being given of their arrival, the young kuiJ was broughi out on a man's ihoulders from the lR>ufc,cloathed in a fine piece of cloth, and twoofTi nah's children were brought in the fame manner. in[. captain, according to his inflrudions, adilrellcd him by his title, declaring that he was his frien I, that he hated thieves, and (hat he was from bntaiinia The prefents which had been brought by the ao. tain was divided into three parts, one of which «« delivered to a melTenger who attended for that pur. pofe, for the Earee Rahie, with the cercnionioul declaration mentioned above. 1 he tuooihir u^ru were in the fame manner prelented to the two chil. dren. Captain Uligh wanted to go over the river to the young king, (us in his prcfcnt ftatioii he could no? fee him dillindly), but this was contrary to li.cjrnil. torn. He returned therefore with Tinah to Of«* pyah's houfc. The Too Earee Rahie that thus maintained fj mgch Ifate, was only fix years old. Tinah hid four children by his wife. 'I'hc two others which were brought out with the Earee Kahie, were a girl and a boy, their names Terranee Oroah and Terreeiap. pjnooia. The fourth, which was an infant girl, called Tahamydooah, the captain did not fee. As foon as they had reached the place where Ti- nah had firlV flopped the captain to apprize himut the manner in which it was neceflary he (houlj ap. pear before his fon, he now ff*pped him again and taking off the cloth which he had thrown over his fboulders, requellcd he would put on his hat ami be covered as before. The captain having cxprefTcd a defirc to fee more of the country, Tinah conducted him back bv another way. Having entered the boundary of the kina j land, which was lignified by the trunk of a tree, carved in a very rude manner, Tinah defired tl-e captain again to uke off his hat, while the red ,it | the company uncovered their (boulders, thit bcin» a mark of refpe the mteni lud i>een ififiiiilled, to this iiuiulgeiuc, vi Iccdiiig himlclf. Ii'iiiitiiius fulijcct t< ihild, but when ihej (ailed Oaiiinio, they limited time. The captain was accompany him wit party of the Arrcoyi nude the principal made by the tide of a the captain had freq pafcnt occaiion, ho\ h'.m, which was draj as they arrived at the (juantity of bread- fri trady drelled, and a J man who fat at Ibi principal Arreoy : h< »ho attended Tinah, oration compofed ol (ontinucd lor the fp luic being prtvioufly Um was now deli red »hile five men. one JfiJ the reft a baJk( * The ceremony of "1'l.uned in our futu: iNo. r- Lieu.. W. BLIGH's VOYAGE to the SOUT H • S E AS. UJ^ with him on purpofc of making what difcoveries he could. He had not however much opportunity to feck after plants, on account of the multitude of natives who were continually prtlling forwards, but flill he was convinced by the little lie had feen, that this place abounded equally as much in plants as at Matavai. They returned to the (hip in about an hour, dur- ing which time much converiaiion paired between Tinah and the captain rcfpectin.. the magnitude of tnglilh vefl'cls, and the various articles which Ti- mh wiihed might be fcnt to Otaheite in one of thefe iarf,'e Ihips. Having fixed a tent on Point Venus, they moored thcvillcl nearer thereto on the ifl of November, and incorcd again in lix fathoms, the point bearing N. N. E. This day Captain Bligh had Tinah and fevcral chicti to dinner: alter vvliich he went on fhorc with his company, and made a vilit to Tinah's father and foil. The capiain likewifc vilitcd the garden which he had maJc near Foceno's houl'e, and found every thin({ had been taken care of according to his di- rections. A grand entertainment was now prepared for the captain by 'liiiah, which confiflcd of tinging and dancing by three men and a young girl : it was called Heiva. When the performance was over, Capt. Bligh returned to his velltl. On the 2d of November, as loon as it w;,s day- light, the captain difpatclied Mr. Chriflian with a party to erect a lent. Afterwards, attended by Ti nah, Moannah, and I'oeeno, he went himfelt and fixed a boundary, within whn.h none of the native's tcrc tu enter Miihout perittilViun, due notice thereof having been given to them by the chiefs. Thefe tcnis were entirely devoted for the reception of the plants which were to be lodged therein. The cap- tain had acted with lo much prudence and caution throughout, that thechiels, inifead of thinking they were conferring a lavoiir, by carrying the plants to ihcfwrty herein appointed to receive them, (which were nine pcrfons, including Mcllrs. Nelfon and 11io«m) thought, on the contrary, that they were under an obligation by hav.iig them acieptcd. This day the captain had no vilitcrs, except Ti- .-wh, who dined with him, and whom he was occa- '■iunallv obliged to leed, and lift the wine to his iiiouib, as the attendants whole occupation it was luii bt«n ilifmilled, and the chief was lo accuftomi d to this iiululgeiue, that he was abfolutcly incapable ill kxiliiig himlelf. The wives of the l-.arees arc loiiKtiints fubjccl to this duty after the birth of a chill), but when they |Hrform a ceremony which is tallcii Oainmo, they are then exempt from it ftra limited time. !hc captain was invited by Tinah after dinner to accompany him with a prefcnt of provilions to a party of the Arrcoys, in which ceremony he was made the principal pcrfon. This • offering was made by the (idc of a river, near the banks of which the capiain had frec]uently walked before : on the prtfciit occation, however, a canoe was provided (or him, «lnch was dragged by eight men. As foon as iluy arrived at the landing-place, they faw a large (juantity of breadfruit, likewife a number of hogs irady drciRd, and a quantity of cloth. There was a man who fat at Ibmc diOancc, that was called a principal Arreoy : he was addrcflcd by one of thofc «ho attended Tinah, (landing on his canoe, in an oration compofcd of feme Inort fcntences, which continued tor the fpace of a quarter of an hour, a lane being pre vioviRy made by the croud. The cap- tain uas now dcOrcd to hold one end of the cloth, • hile live men. one of whom had a fuckine pig, ind the rell z balkct of bread-fruit, were deiircd ' The ceremony of this offering will be more fully txi.lained in our future voyages. ,jj i :^ to follow hini. Thus they prcKeedid.to.thc Arreoy, before whom they laid down their otVering. 1 inah dictated to the captain fcveral words, which he re- peated ; the meaning of which he did not undcr- lland. The imporfccl. manner in which the capt.aa repeated thofc woiJi was the occali'on of lui little mirrh. This ceremony being over, the capain was introduced to another Ancoy, who had conic tnnn Ulictca; upon which the (iimc bulincfs CDitimcnccd again; and Tinah undcrlianJing that the capt.nin had children in his own country, dirct'^ted him to make another otFcring on their account. Accord- ingly the captain prcfcntrd three balkets of bicaj- (ruit, afmall pi;^, and annthcr piicceof doih, which were remaining, to the Ainoy ; whom he liiH ad- drcflcd, .Tnd who atttiidtd to all his oranoii;, as dictated by Tinah, with prDfound attcn-.ion ani the utmoff gravity, receiving the articles prtfcntcd more as his right than as a gilt. 'J'he Arrecy s, it Hems, arc highly refpcdcd, being, as the captain judges, a Ibcicty of men who have been d i (I inc, uncled for thiir merit. They arc per- mitted to car'v on their amours to a great length, but all their • hilJren are dcflroyed. They arc ge- nerally warriors, and therefore in times of danger they arc reftricUd in thiir amours, for (ear of debi- litating thcmfelvcs. 'I he natives declare that the focicty of Arrcoys is abfolutcly nc( diary, in order to prevent too ^rcat a miiltiplicaticn of people: iiotwithlljni.l.n4 wl.ich, none of the lower cial's of the inhabitants aiv atiiiiittvii into tiiis fociety. As an iiillance of the.'iion to thcrnfelves, by the alTillance of the natives, who im- dcrftooJ better how to prune and take them up. Tlie weather was now variable, there were frequent Ihow- ersof rain, attcr.dcd with lightning. .■\sthc curiofity of the natives was now in a great meafur f.icisliej, the captain and his people were not fo much incomniodfd by nimibcri as before ; befidt ,, the bailni fs of the weather obliged them for the moft part to be at home. I'hc cliefs of Mata- vai, Oparre, anJ forrc other illands, were the cap. tain's prefcnt viliteis. The native»^roppcd follow- ing them whenever they went out to v.alk, (b that they now cnjoyej -.heir excnrfions, and whatever h'^jfe they vilited. met tiierein a warm reception, without any kind of olficioufncfs which their curi- ofity at fir if occaliuned. 'Ihc j-coplc of Otaheite are the mofl cafy in their manners, they areexieed- ingly hofpitahle and well behaved, devoid of both formality and forwardnefs. Th;y have no notion of that ceremonious [wlitcnefs of preliingil.cir guclh to partake of more ictrcllimc!. v»h-,ii thi.y fa) they are latisficd, or prolong tluir vilits whet they have an inclination tode[)art ; thry expect th.t their viiitcrs will eat as miuh, and (lay as long as they like, therc- lorc 'hey dcfpife that feazing kin(iof lercmony whieh ii too tomtiion in ourclvili/ed countries. The mod polite arc chicHy the moll rude, Who contradict their tomi-any intrude, Whofc bojiulUl.s li()(picality is fuch, I'hcy make their Iriendi tovjt and drink too much. And then lo over-good, fo very kind, Will force '.lur (lay, when to d<-j).'/t iii' ' .'J : Hut here a dilleient picture let ui view, The tell of fricndlbip !— (rirndlhipilie moll true j ' Vii fr'.m the ht,vt iliat they their Iriends invite, Without tormality they are pof '/■ , ■Jhcir native fricndlliip, which thi y cannot feijjn, Is r'vays open, unotlicio'j.i, plain, And hew much hctttr than ^ood mannin Um, When every guell, whatc'cx he wills, nifiy tkt. As the rhicfn were any uttcn. tion t(i this idvi( c. On the nth thty Iwd collei'letl about jj* pUmi in their tents, wher^', fi>r their turthcr fecuritv, ih« j(ii»fd was increafi'd, thmigh without any iiiiitwili- ate caufe, as the natives fhll bciiaved t»iili the gicit- ell .■K-rorum. llw captain, diirinj; hi< meals, w.is always oUipfJ to ketp a rrminel at tlw Iwtrhuay, m order to pri. vent tin ficiMg iiHommodei) with too much cuir.- pnny, nor wai this by any nK-nnN difagreeable to the (liiel<, wlio, oil »«ie iMMrary, fcemwl plealcd -.tiih the rcftri'*tioii, •»..) rrtieemed it a high >iiinplimcm whf never »ny one of their oc(|ii,»)nt«nce «as a«rceived a great niiniiier of peopL-n a circle. A« iuuu a« the cniiipaay had ukeii then fcati, a dancing lieiva began, which was ncrlotnuJ by two girls and four men : thh laftcd half m hour, and confifted of thofe wanton gefturrs aiiJ nmtii'nt Wliitil Lieut. W. BLIGH's VOYAGE to the SOUTH SEAS. '99. which we have dd'cribed in our former voyages. W lien the dance ended, Tinah ordered a lonj? piece ot cl»th to be brought ; his wife Iddeai., and the cjptai"i were delired to hold the two tirft corners, inJ ilie remaining part being lupported by many iidicrs, they carried it to the performers, and gave ,t (hem. Several other chiefs made a lilce pay- 1 his being done, tlie wreftling began, and the clacc loon became a fcene ot contufion and noile. \ paiiy ot tlie Ancoys alfo began to exercilc a privilege, which it fecms they are allowed, of taking Iron) the women fuch ot their clothes as rhty thought worth it ; fo that fome of them were left little better th.m naked. One young w^'man, who wa» attacked, oppofcd them with all her ilrength, and held fall her cloth, though they almoft dragged bcr along the ground. Oblcrving that the captain ,„,!; notice of her, ihe held out her liand, and bcg- ^ his aflillancc: upon this thecaptaut mternol<;d, Jml the young woman kept poflcflion of her pro- Soori after a ring was again made, but ths wreft- Ijfiwere fo numerous within it, that it was impol- ite to reftore order. " In thele challeng-'s, dey „ |,yone hand upon their breall, and on the bcnd- „ ing of the arm at the elbow, with the other hand, ,1 [jity flnke a very (mart blow, which, as the hand I „ is kept hollow, creates a found that may be heard „ ,t J coniideriblc liilUnce ; and this they do lo " htqucntly, and with luch force, that the flcfh .. brcdiiics exccediiigl; bruifed, and, the ikin « bicakiiii;, bifcds c(«.u * fall. Only one couple per- ' finnKcl any thing like the ptit of good wrctilcis; ' iik), js they w«ie an fijiial miich, tiii> conflict li'liiieJ liiiii;tr than any of the others j but they ■> i,K) *ti* parted. " iddeah was the general umpire, and flic ma- " naged with ' much adJrcfs as to prevent any " quarrelling, and there was no murmuring at her " decifions. As her pei fon was large, Ihe was very " confpicuous in the circle. Tinah took no part " :n the management. Upon the whole, this per- " formance exhibited greater ilrength than Ikill or " dexterity." Tinah had been for ftmie time talking of vifiting the ifland of Tethuroa, which lies eight or ten leagues N. from Otaheite, to fetch Ins mother; and on the I ith propoftd totiic captain to (ail there in his vcfliel : however he leinied to reel no great dif- appointment at the capiat I's not complying with his dcfire. Tethuioa, he laid, was the property of his family. He likewilc mentioned an iUind called Roo-opow, the liiuation of which he diicnbtd to be to the ealtward r)f Dtahcite fmir or five days fail, and that tiiere were large anitii.ils upim it with eight legs. The truth ot this account he very ftrc- nuoufly infilled upon, and wilhed the captain to go thither uith him. C.iptain liligh was at a lufs to know whether or not Tinah liiinlcif gave credit to this whinlical and fabulous account ; for they are to frequently inclined to be merry, th.it fometimcs it is h.trd to tell whether they arc in jdl or earnelf. Ihcir i.i'cis of geography are vei y fimple: they believe th' ...irld to be a fixed plane ot great ex- tent; and li.it the lun, r..uun, and itars, arc all in motion round it. As (hey think the lingliUi great iiavcllcis, and caj j()le ot doing any thing, the ciptain has fr<'* tla(t-'Diea>i-l'tuit Plants iinrrJje — A JuinJuii-Ui Rtport — Ihe tiei/er that was at Ulaha turii'iift for failiHfi — Death oj the Surgeon — Mr. Uii-ward jutteeiis him— 'Two lUtkun explored — An hxciirhtm — Htmurks — VeJiei remoxed le 'haitub Harbour — Three Men heknging to th* Qfiain dejerl Httrvtftd—V0rtMn j^cdotes. OS the i^ih the captain had a \Mfif company to dinner. It being always cuAomary to Idtmkhi^ Majelly'n health a- (.)on M the cloth was Itin.nfil. the captain's guells tj««ame ('/ »ond both ctilir wine and the tojft, that they would fir<)»)riii Kiniii) upon in being drank in the middle ol th*ii diiinrr, in in ovcrti'iwmg bumper. This day they |«trt leniJi^ahly chcetful, and entrriaincd the cap Itjin with vaiioiis anecdotes; among which iluy hivt ill account of the vines which were pluitcd In the illin.l Uniheitie, and ctfewherc, by Ciptain IC'ok. They likewifr remarked, that there was a ■ bull and a cow alive at Olaheitc. but that the v were |i(f3fol1iMy could. He found hirilelf u .^uiic-juny xmJ with UttaJi» come on bii^d, and l>tf a hcg *»■ a piclent fi>rr*c c*ptain. Their colledton ut bicad truic j>iant^s llitt coniiuued encrcafing. I'nali itill c.-Miiicucd tl'.e captain's conlUnt vifiter, and this day iiiviii.;; kit tlu" table tooner tliiii ufual. Iiisbiotlic! Oitepyaii and Dc-didce in!iirnic>; tlic captain ^hat I nali's wit'c iddcah was j^iaiious' with her hi;* Jnd's iVrvanf, being the veiy pi.-ifon who always i<:.i Tinal. at dinner. Tiiey alio hinted, that inllca.i ol its bein^ without I'lnah's knowledge it was by his clc.lri.'. 'Ilieiiptain was unwilling l<< bilicve this Icandilous report, but not on'y tlietc, but the reft of the compauv .i^iccii in ti.e Uory. The captain had lately lemarkrd &,.kf the place ip his cabni »i.ich li-.: had itfigncd ti f inali in order to loep his pfcltiimblct, file, knife, »ve. The chief fccmcil highly l>i>ried with his baigain ; and the captain lent the h<'if.-r to I'oceno'i rclidcncc where there was plenty of graft. The captain was invited in the afternoon to another entertaintncnt, whicli he dclicribcs in the following manner. •« Twelve men were divided into four ranks v.itli •' two women in (he front, behind them all Hood a *' pticd, who delivered a (pccch which laftcd about «' ten minutes, and which was liftcned to with the " utmi'ft attention. During this, the pirlure of •• Captain < < ok (which had been brought for that «« purpolc) was placed by 'aptain Bligh's (idc. As « Hmn as the pri< it had linifhed his oration, a piete «« of while cloth v as wtapt round the pii^^ure, and " anothei pieci round the captain. The prielf then '< began another fpeech but of a fluMter duiation, »• «nd an old man placc^l a piece of plaited ccoa- «' ntit leaf at Captain HIigh's feet, another piece at " Tinah's, aod another under the picluie. .^Itcr <' this the dancing begin, wltich v/m caniuU uu lu •• cbe (auie Ailc ai bcfutc." In order to pleafe the natives, the captain ordered the head of thefhip which bore the ligMrc of * woman, well carved, to be painted in (prielitjir colours. The natives admired the figme proJiiji, ouUy, which did not a little cncrcafe ilicir curioliiy to fee linglilh ladies. ^ Elder brothers, it appeared, arc allowed to be connefted with the wives of their younger brothers- however, if any perfon, who does not belong to thi: family, aims at fuch intimacy, it is immediately relented. ' ' Tinah, at the rcqueft of the captain, had a lit|,t fhed, which was (upported by polls erected this day on fliore at Point Venus, where the captain dcficn- ed to make his obfervations. On tlie24ih Tinah bciugaboul to leave the captain for a few days, he treated him with a turtle for his dinner, wliich he caught upon the reefs. Tinih lequelled the captain would lend lor his mother m the morning, wlio was jull ariived from the Ifhnd if I cthuioa, and take care of her till he returned. This tlic cap'ain readily promilcil to do, anj the next day the boat was dilpatchcd to Opirrc, wlijdi leturn.'d in the afternoon with Oberrte-roah (the naii*e of Tinah's luotliei) and two female attend. ants. This wonun being vet y old and Corpulent, ir was with the «reatcit nilliculty they could ajijil iiei into the vciii.l. As (oon as (lie was on hturl Ihe lat tlown, and ciaiping tin- captain's kiicis in her arms, c.xpicliid gn.it (atisl.ulion at tin-, iuteivicw by a iaij;e ilnid of fr us. Utr atttniliiui noA pidOiiici tiiice plete^ f^ cloth, a lir;;ch,>i; (omc cocoa r.uts, plant nii', oread-lruit, ^Vc. as i picleni. I his pour w« woman hid witli lier a tavourite cat, il.jt was the kKtcn of one which «as given to her by Cjpuiii L'lik. -She entertained the captain with all il.j diiieicnt otcuiienccs, wliich happened t:i her luue i Captain Cook's dep*rtiiie lioni Oialuite. On the ."ith tins Old \n\y being dclirotis to )j,i i on (bote, the captain iiiadi'litra prcient of Icvtul aiticUs, whitli ihe dvclincd accepting at puleiir, as it was not then convenient to lake li.eiii »iui | her. Only .VfoiiHiah and Poccno dined with the cip. tain tc-day. Ihey hinted, that Fiiuh and liii brother Oiccpy.di were a' vaiiance, and it win hilpcffed that when the vellei was gone they writ] lu\ -• a battle. 1 he captain for loine time |Hiecn I | that they were cool to each other. 1 hey lud n :- agreed, ir (ecms, about their wives, and tliiii:^al Captain Uli;;h frequently endeavoured to Kniicilsl theiii, Hill ihry letaincd thtir anger and aniini'. The chief of I'lietca, nephew of the ok! I , arrived this aftciiiooii in a canoe, and lirou^.tl with him an ewv, but which was jn a vny l)4d cu;. dilion. The captain having puri haled it at a vi'iyl ealy rate, lent it to l'oecno'» rttidence to be Lptl with the heifer. On the 2nth Tinah and his wife returned al Matavai. and were very glad to lee tli,: t,iptiiii,| I'hcy br»uj{ht a prefent of a lug, and Ionic bicjd.r fruit. I the captain was very linry tc find he niehin.s, /lurumbcri, \l. mi M On the yy' that inuU of gardens, nej this (oil, bei. / unfavourable i ihe u vVM-e deOroyed fry inloflii 'tfll pan (andy, ^u»\limi< of either joy or lnHliWf. checked Ifemtd to fuf'dde witl ^twni declared that piii'''ny thing happe *Hjid hourly employ » to enable himto b Ihe captain per^civ "ififr in Matavai Bay Wionj to be made for , Onthe8ththewcath f 1 went on (here, an Ppiwnfrc-. Oberrcf.r rllic rjptain was very With had been toverei fwfd not the lc»n . fomc were (Irikin ttciiut at yet buddin |«iin iduined fome I "" board, thl, b No Liuirr. W. BLIGH's VOYAGE to the SOUTH SEAS. 201 (■omiiitted the theft. Accordingly, the chief with (everal others c^ime to the captain's tents, and pro- niifcd to ufe their utmoft exertions, in order to dilcDver the thief, and get the rudder reftored. Indeed, as the natives had behaved hitherto re- niirkibly honeft, the captain fulpeded that fome of thnle who had arrived Irom the neighbouring ilUnds were guilty of tiie prefent crime. The youngeft brother ot Tinah, Whydooah, who WIS ellecmcd a very great wariior, was conrtantly a vfittT of the captain's. Tinah was now about building fnr himfelf a houfe, and the captain had prnmiied that his carpenters (hould aflili him. On the 5th about the afternoon they had a fierce breeze from the N. W. which occalioned the lea 10 break very iiigh acrofsthe Dolphin Bank. The stitiier had been very unfcttled for fome time, but It night it turned out remarkably bad. Such a liMvy broken (ea now came into the bay, that they ft tre rum polled to batten all the hatchways down, ind every man was obhged to (lay upon deck, itidU^h he was wet to the fkiii with the violent tiin; thcveflcl rolled in a terrible manner. On the 6th, the wind encrealcd in fuch a manner, lint It was impi'llible to put to fea ; accordmgly ibtv llruck yards and top-malls, and depended 1 f.iiirfly on their anchors. The toirents of rain I («fllid the river to (uch a degree, that the ground en which their tents Hood became an illand; they »(ie forced to rut a pafljgc for the river through a pirtot the beech, at a diliance from the tents, for I Hiolike of prcicrving their bread-fruit plants. N'ntwithlUnding the lea broke very high on the |b«ch, Tinah, his wife, and Moannah, sentured cut in 1 canoe to fee the captain, and very foitu- utfl) nude their way good through the furf. TUy lud each a paddle, which they minaged with jwii fii'i tizing (kill. As foon as they got on board iky embraced the captain, and fecmedvery apprc- hfulive for the falety of the veflel. At noon the (m became more moderate, though the wind ftill Unlinued the fame. Iddeali departed at fun-fet, [bill her liulbandreinainetain was no loii^^er alarmed at their (i(ua- Ilion. This d.iy, *t>ou' iioin, Iddeah leturncd to Ithfvilicl, and broii^tif with her a very fine hog, .1 (jiiantity (it bread-trill', and cocoa-nutii. Uinc Hi It time (he anint Venus. On the 14th, it being Sunday, fcveral of the prin- cipal natives attended divine fervice : they all be. havcd exceedingly well except one, when the wrt- men began to laugh at their gi neral refponfcs } how- ever, upon the captain's looking ferioufly, (tiey •'ere aihamed, and did it no more. They (eemed (ti.prifed after the (((rvice, that there wm £// /ff<.r- ing to be made. As the weather, which h»d bren for feme days fair, appeared now quite fettled, the captain dill continued in Mavvm 0jy, there being no apprc- henfioii ot dangttf. On the 17th, the ca|^ via, accompanied by Nel- (on. and his old friend Moannah, to(»k an excurfion into the country. This journey, which was on the low land, was exceedingly pleafant -, the land was covered with bread-fruit and cocoa-nuts, and there were fcveral row* «f neat houfes, where there was a multitude of children They procecdei' along the valley, where they alio found a number of houfe», 4iid (evcial brcad-fiuit trees, which were much finalirr lluu Ihufe tbry had (ccn Utfore. They * J £ likcwifc irii ■■' *5i I' t L ni 'iK ^:f'. I m •wniriff,,, %%r coa NEW COLLECTION'iOF VOYAGES and TRAVELS. I -.1 Iftif ''■ j;! J ' i I w i;i:r p< 111 I >■ likcwilo met with otiier pi intations of ysms, tarti, cloch plant, yavi, Sec. They wero frfquently in- ttniiptcil in tluii \v,\llc by a river, which hacliivc- ral ciofs windings, and over which they''*Verc obliged f^iiiiifiitly to be cirri, d on men's (hmilders. When ihry iirived ata Morai.they perceived a great ani-mbly of" natives. The priells, it fcems, were ptrformin;; their devotions. During the ceremony li.\teen nun were fitting on tlieir heels, and there was a pdle in the tront, covered with a plaited cocoa-nut branch. .\ number of rmsll pieces of the Time lc.it pliited, .mil which they call hahyree, were placed before each of thefe men, who had likewilc a piece tl-criof round their wriils. The chief priell repeated a prayer with a loud voice, while all the reft joined in the rcfponfes. This being done, they arofe, and carried each aha- livrte, wiiich they pi iced at the foot of the pole, and then returned to prayer, which continued till all the hahyree were dilpored of in the Came man- ner ; upon « hith the ceremony concludetl. There was likewil'e an otl'eiing of plantains and breadfiuit plac.d near the pole, wliich was left for the I-stua. While t!uis en. ployed in prayer a roafted hog had been prtptred tor them, of which the captain and his CO npany were invited to partake; but Captain li i,i;'i, willing to make the moll of Ins time befoie the Inn heiame loo warm, declined this invitation, in I Moinnah gave ditecTions to have fonio refitftiiiunts ready for thcni when they re- turned. They procceiled up the valley, which became grachuHy nainnv, and had advanced a confiderable M ayl eyoii.l all the lioufes and platJtations,whenthcy Mere ludiltnly Hopped by a tafcade, that fell into the river fnmi a h'ight of above two humlrcd feet: at this tiir.e ilic (all was not gieit,'but during the heavy rails it niuft be coididerable. The natives look upon this as one of their curiofitics. The fill of water is the leail wondeiful part ; the cliff, over V hich it comes, is perpendicular, forming an ap- pearance as if fiippnittd by fijuare pillars of Hone, and with a regidaiity that is (urprifing. Under- neath is a pool eight or nine feet deep, into which the water fails ; ar.tl in this place all the natives, from foine teli,:',iuus idea, make it a lulc to bithc once in their lives. 1 here is a dole connection between the hilts here, which are exceedingly well covered with wood. I'lom the craggy apjiearaiicc of the road, the Cap- tain avoijied the mountain, which is ca'lcd Pccah Koah, and about feven miles from the ruad by which they went. Tliey dined in the lioufe of an old acquaintance of Nelfon's, where a young pig was provided for them, on which they nude a very hearty meal. !t was for this man that t',iey had, in 1777, planted the two fhaildock plants, which they had brought from the i'licndly Iflands, and which were now very fine trees, an I f j11 of f^uit. '1 hey do not take much pains in thrir plantations, except with the yava and the cloth plant, both of V Inch they are careful to keep clear of weeds. Many of the plantations of the cloth-plant were fenced with (lone, and fui rounded with a ditch. The yams and plantains are niullly on the higher grounds. When dlnnrr was over they returned to the (hip. The captain was much delighted, in this ualk, with the number of childtcn that he law in every part of the country : they aie very handfome, fprightly, and full of antic tricks. They have many diver- fions that arc common with the boys in England , fuch as fl>iiig kiiif, fwingiiiff, cat* cradle, dancing (ir juin^'iDg in a lope, wullUng, and walking upon (lilts. On tlie /9th they had much rain, and » long fwell fel into the biy. They had a liercc bree re from the i.. and 1-.. S. E. The captain had nut yet determined, whether, on leaving Matavai Ray 1,5 would go to the Ifland Kimco, or to the harbour of Toahroah near Opane : this uncertainty ma,|j Tinah, and the reft of his friends, very uncafy. and they appeared much difticfled on his dcfirin! them, this afternoon, to fend on board all the thiiip^ which they wilhed to have repaired by tliefnrge r (bon as polTible, that what they wanted mii-ht be done before the veffel left Matavai, which he toil them would be in a few days. Ihey very carneltil intreated him to ftay one month longer. '1 his n,. capt.iin faid was impoflible, and afked Tiuah if h- would not go with him to liliineo ; but he faid, fh\[ notwithttanding his protcftion, he was certain th himeo people would watch for an opportunity k kill him. Tinah remained on board with the cap' tain all night, but Iildcah his wife went on (hj.' and returned early in the morning, brtnj^ing uifh' her Ibmc axes, and other things, which by luTd-. (ire were immediately repaired by the forge. (^n the 2o'.h the captain went on fliore, and found Otow, Oberrce-roih, Momnah, and I'cvtnl others, in great tribulation at the ihouphts ihi-i they were (o foon to leave them. .All the pfnplcotl Matavai were much conreined at his intention of going 10 Kimeo, and took every opportunity tol piejiidice him againft the people of that iflind I'bjt' as their motive was obvious, the captain dul not ,•' tend to their diflualions ; however, their anpirfr a(recfion for him, and regret for his deputuir made fo great an impreflion, that the next it,iv li lent the mafter in the launch to rc-exaniinr ;i depth of water between this bay and Tcalir-Mli n,, boiir. The mailer returned in the evening n- acquainted the captain, that he found a go*)' but. torn, with not lefs than li.\teen fiilioms^'dcpiiul' the way. 1 he harbour of Toahroah apprjfjp, every way Cafe, Captain HIigh deterniineii m ,' the veflel there as fpeedily as pnflihic, and havi! publiUied his intention, the natives were full of ji and happincls on the occafton. The plants, which were- ?;.( pots, all "n ahcjM ftale, were taken on boaiit. Whenever .my pin, hid an unfavourable appcirance, it w-is rcphctilb another. The number of thote rejeifed \ws ;;!| of which not one in ten but was found to be urj ing at the root. " The natives," acrordin:!; to Ciprain H!i'; information, " reckon eight kinds of the brei.Mi " tree, each of which they diftingiiifh l>v a tlifl'at, " natne: I'attcah, Kroro!., Awanna, Mi-rr, ()« " Powerro, Appeeic, Utuvdeeah. Tlielcifnft " r..tteah. Ml. re, and llowdreah, differs from t *' rift ; the Mi ie is more (inuatcd ; the Knwdpf " has a large broad leaf, not at all (inuited, T. •• difference of the fruit is principally in iIk I'i| " teahand llowdceah. In the (iift, thcfriiiii( dirK Wr that after landing tiiem, the launch (houW '.. the vrffel m the cnti* ice of Toalimaii hii^'ni, (how the ttfrft part ,>f t^he c'lannri, lh«y (^rt fhp oiM«T.- fail »I)out half paft ten, and tJii d^ under tnp'faiU whrn »hfy wftf nnr the liiu ii f. II c^lm. aiMi the Atp (hit* f«lt li*r. Theyimi diately In iheancliof j;,, hut, to th^i gtcit ' prifc, fuund the flwp m^- and furwarJt She run '^n fo ciiy, ti.e rime. I his as thi-y were obi pet ihc (hip aHo, c.il'les (Wept a im uiilioiit miK.li (li l)n the i6tli tli Cingraiulated the Tinah coiidiitti was, thu tht j'lve ifteivett their 1 vcir ijood jKople .1,) l.'itcil iliem to conn biiii; tlieir pig«, co III) would receive liiy look notliing tujily, that every m li^Mile they occiipieil ifiy lilit in the daik, tills nation the ceien llifir prelent litwu and convenient. Tli bytheieefs in finoot K'.idi without the It 1 »(iy :,'(i(iil water, run ot ilic harbour. I |n t!;: plants 10 be lan.le »i!': ilicm as at M ii| jrcoridnij to his ihii, On the jyih, the l] f :i.i-of the natives (eiJ h > ^iwjvrr. Till-, l;ei] 111 the natives, fhc e.i| ihiciioraiion ; ho«fv< ..1)0 were then on bo.L t'lir utmoft cndeavoul imic after linah, (oiitr tions, binught the cIcj iipwith«rea{ reludan] »Of'l it to AttahooroJ "prcfcnt for his troull itujuby w.iyof a coii| ilravcr, he could .,. I'll' upiain w.i ..)p| " ' . iiid relation , ('iWirn on btwvi, o,l Ibii^jli (o n«,\,i hc;i .j '.' ■! "cr, and the caj)( in t'ucc or alarm tf «i (end iinclmrs out adeni to oct ilic ihip aHo.it : in doing which, one oi the c.iMcs twi-pt a ruck, ant! was not got clear again ^viilhint nnif,!' (Iiliicillty. On (lie i6tli tlic ducts. ~',i.\ indeed all the natives, cr,iii;raiulateil the capt.iiii on the (atcty of his vefl'cl. liiuh coiiduftfd liim to a hou(e near the watcr-lide, ji,,fa(l the (liip, winch he dcliird the captain to iii.iU ulc ot, and whuh was larne cnounh for ail i,js piirpoles. Tinah and his brotlm Orc-cpyah then jfliud the captain wouhl lliy and receive a lormal jjilrels anl prtl«rf»t, wliiih they called Otee. Hav- iii;r readily allented, a llool was brought for him to III On. 'I hey then left him with Moannah, and in } Ihort time linah returned with about twenty tncn, who all mide a Hop at lome diftance, and a wiilt did a (hoit prayer to the i'.atu.i, to which the Kltiii.«ilc reply. A man was then lent to the cap- 1,11 ihicc (cveial times, bringing him each time a liiiill pii;. »"'* '''e 'Jem of a plantain leit. The iirfl il,(V lolil hini was tor the Ciod of Brittannec, the r.ei had the r>y.il |(liilili;n on bo '^^ or cvm in tight if the vetlcl, fthoiigli to nv- « tee;i . 1 he (hip'n company, who [wrc(\<-up«>d «« fhoic, were divided from them Lty ) ...cr, and thr captain, unwilUng to give them IKiy r;,ce or alarm them, ttnctly prohibited the IiiKnlrom approaching the place wlmc thcyweie. I The vcflel wa- Hill fupplird wnl. proviOons bv Illc natives, who biought ihciii C'coa-nuts in Inch Wtntv. that h:arccly a Mnt of water was drank dur- V on board tlic vflUl. Thmigh theie was - , ut bicad-ii'uil, they dill p«ic|ia(ed with- n'uch trouble a fuflirirnry k)i their ptefcnt Mniumption. 1 hctc wan, howcvt < , another harvell jprnacnrng, which they expideii would be lit for llli: in five ir fix weeks. Tli' !>ette< kind of plan- lliini illii were become Icartei btn a kind whuh llUy till Vayhep *eie in great plenty. This Iruit does not hang on the trees like the other kinds, but grows upon an upright ftalk of conliderable ftrengthand (ubftance. Though this plantain is in- ferior in quality to molf of the others, it affords great lubfiftencc to the natives. They likewife received continually on board pre- fentsof fifti, chiefly dolphin and albacore, and a lew fmall rock fith. Their lilhing is moftly in the night, when they make tlrong lights on the reefs, which attiaft the lilh to them. Sometimes, in fine wea- ' thcr, the canoes are out in fuch numbers, that the whole fea appears illuminated. In the canoes they fifh With ho ik and line, and on the reefs they llrikc thr filh with a Ipear. Some likewife carry out fmall nets, which are managed by two men. In the day- time their fifhing canoes go without the reefs, fome- times to a conliderable ditlance, where they fi(h with rods and lines, and catch boneias, and other fifh, Whcfiever there is a Qiow of fifh, a fleet of canoes immediately proceed to fea. Their hooks being bright, are ufed without bait, in the manner of artificial flics. Their rods are made of bamboo; but when there arc any very large filh, they make ufe of an out-riggrr over the fore part of the canoe, about 25 feet in length, which has two prongs at the extremity, to each of which is fattened a hook and line; and when a fifh takes the hook, there are two men in the flcrn of the tauoe who raifc it up immediately with ropes. On the 5th, when the watch was relieved at four o'clock in the morning, they miffed the finall cutter. Capt. Hiigh, upon thts information, immediately mutleied hi.i crew, and foi'nd upon an examination ihat three of his men v/cre wanting, viz. Charles Cluiuliill, who was the fhip's corporal; William Muipiat, a teaman, and John Millward, ditto, who liad been ceniincl from twelve to two in the morning. Upon a further fcrutiny, it was dif'covcred that thefc men had taken away eight Hand of arms and ammunition ; hut nobody on board appeared the Icall acquainted with their defign, or had the fmall- ift knowledge (»f the place of their rendezvous. C'.apt. Bhgh went on ftioic, to inform the chiefs of his lofs, and lolicit their al-illance in recovering tliofe delerttrs. I le undeifiood that the boat which they had t.ikeii was at Matavai, and that they had made for the ifland let hut oa in a failing canuc. Cap.'. Bligh now dilpatched the mailer to Matavai for the boat, while one of the chiefs voluntarily accompanied hiin : howcvci, they ruet the boat about fialf way. with h'vc ot the natives, who ot their own accord were bringing her back to the vetlrl. linah and fomc others chiefs, who were folicitcti to feck the deferters, alTured the captain that ihay woukl exert their utmoft endeavours in recovering; them. Ureepiah and Moannah agrecu ro jfo to Ttthuroa the next morning, in fearcli of them. Oreeprah, however, enquired of the captain it he ihought that thry had pocket piflols, tor lie w»* ipprelunfivethat they might do mifi:hief with thefr. iven when they were lurpriled and firizcd The captain removed all thofffcring of a plantain leaf at the Morai, and a pray.r made to the Katua. This ceremony being ovrr, the natives be- came as familiar in the houle as ever. The captain had Irequcntlv hinted to Tinah his wifh ot obta nmi^ the bull Irom Itteati, in hope* o( kccjimg up this ulcful brctd, liut finding this thief indifferent about the matter, he commilfioned Poeeno to bargain for it, who readily undertook the bufiiicls, and after dinner departed about it. On the ijth the weather bcir.g finer than ufual, Oreepyah fa'Icd with two canoes lor Tethuroa. Some bulinefi prevented Moannah from accompanying him, but he followed the next day with two other canoes. On the 14th, the wood on hoard the voffel being expended, they received a fiipply from Tinah. On the 161I1, the captain accompanied T'nah near a Tupapnw, w here he was furprifed by a fudden out- cry of grief. Having exprelled a defire to (ee the dihreffcd pcrfon, Tinah took him to the place, where they found a number of women, one of whom was the mother of a young female child that lay dead. On feeing their uncxpeded vifitcri their mourning not only reafcd immediately, but to the captain's adumniriKnt, they all buili into an immoderate fit ot laughter, and, while they remained, appeared much diverted with their vifit. This ftrange i)ehaviourcan only be a;tributcd to then extreme levity of difpofi. lion, and not the want ot maternal affechon, which has been fo remarkably confpicious upon other ocrafions. () > the iHth a melTage came from Poeeno, to ac- quaint the rapi.1111 that he had been fuccclslul in his ncgotiaiiun for the bull, whu h he had driven part ot the way hy land, but could i«iH ger tarther on account ol the riven, and thcrelerc eing tened :i Drau|(ht oack. \t the tiMe they delivered ikruilci. up It wa« nor n ttrir power to have mide refilUml ihetrammunitHia being 'poiird by the vc. Tiie captain now ton« leave of Ti pahoo, presented rhem with a pientilul lu >ply '>* ix^ and they pimreedcd wicn the d KmaiJ) H MMt . but tR thr wind n«d incicafrii, nxlitn .4rd, Ciptain Bligh delermiicd 10 nniaiiion '! tttr nmrning ; and ltavii>g found ihelter tui tj pcvpk Oiey palicvl the reinaindei of the n^ht iiii| tmt • nfciit. The next day he tciit foi liK if wife: he had I iiiii had nuilc Oparre Ikncfn of the furgcoii lihijmiK- he loniplaiiu itiioat. Mr. Led ware \(,'ui there had been i Ibvh h, which, though loftuiing been large:! fftnd, yet theCurgeon oiRiTOus, and would I kion. Onthejifl, agrceab Ht :nlide ul the vtlFe liikr, in order todcltrr jk:i.r doing of which jitef. Tlicy were mo |(«i;-roirhes, a.i tliefc \ntyjlh(tSWf in Stt Iti Oaafm—Cafiain i'jil lo an old Widn Hilih, by Women— A OMtitt-~/n view tf Mitr Situttitit—ViA ^iJ^ ONthejdof Fcbru «t unoiher w/cflj P* « ife : he had for fome time paft been ill, jivihjd iiudcOparrc hit place of rcfidcncc, tor the bcDtfir of the furgcon's advice and alTiftance. At thi»iiiiK he complained of a hoarfencli and fore- liiiojt. Mr. Ledward, on examining him, difco- \vm\ tliif»^ ^*^ ^'*^*-" '*" holes in the roof of his jvVh, which, though healed, had the appearance rf having been large: the adjacent parts appeared (oir.d, yit the furgcon was ol opiiuon that they were aiKtrous, and would no doubt bring on his ditfo- iiiiion. On the 3ifl, agreeable to the captain's diredions, th,c inlidc of the vclTcl was walh':d with boiling iiur,in order to deftroy the cock-roaches j lor the kc.i.r doing of which ihc chcfls were removed on te. They were more particulir in killing the oxuruichcs, as thefe vermin arc very dcllructive to plants. At this time there were no rats at Ota- heite, though, when Capt. Cook was there, they were lb plenty, that every houfe abounded with them : they were likewife fo tame, that they never rr.i av. a/ from any one, but wouli) fiock round the people while at meals, and eat whatever was given to them. It is fuppofcd that thefe rats were entirely dcftroyed by the breed of cats which were at that time left in Otaheitc. This day the captain, Tinah and his wife, after brcakfalt, went to Matavai. Tinah having made too free with the yava, wis quite unfociable ; but Iddeah, who was exceedingly cheerful, made ample amends for him. When they arrived at Poeeno's houfe, the captain was very well pleafed to find the bull and cow together, in a very fine pafturc, and likely to incrcafe. Some of the things which were Ibwii in the garden had failed ; others were in a very thriving (late, particularly the Indian corn, tsvo vines, a pine-apple plant, lig-tree, and fome (lij)s of a ftiadd(x;k tree. From this they proceeded to the garden at Point Venus. Here the hogs had almoft deftroyed every thin;^. Some Indian corn under gruiind, peafe, and the Jamaica callico, green and ocra, had elcapcd. T hey now returned to the vclTel, where there was a comfortable dinner prepared ; by which Tinah was fomewhat recovered from his intoxication. As loon as the cloth was removed, Tinah very ferioully j)ropofed to the captain to take him, his wife, and two attendants, to lingland. He faid he was very dcliious to fee King Ckorge, who he was ftirc would be very glad to fee him. The captain was not a little furprifedat Tinah's propofal; but not wi' ;ijg .iiKiiutcly to rcfufc his requell, amulcd him with a (iromife that he would previouflyaflc King Cicorge's 1 ermiirion to carry them to England, which when lie obtained he would come in a larger veflcl, and have iuch accommmtations provided as would be necelliiry lor their voyage. It lecms Tinah was very much in drrad that his enemies wouKi attack him, as foon as the vcffcl de- parted from Otaheitc ; anil as his particular friend lejpahoowa.s indifpuled, he naturally apprehended that his adverfaries would be too (.Hjwcrful for him. I he captain, however, to remove thofe fears, and prevent any luturc altercation, declared, that if any injury v»as olicrcd to tlu- people of M.itavai and Opaiic during hisabfciue, he would revenge it on his return, and fliew the tranfgrellbrs no mercy. i.'_l_U XL-1~. U. -li-.-l- ri ; , C H A PT E R V. l^^Sjl'itt' Skilt in SuTf^iry frovtd—An unfartunale /Iccutnt—Confequtnt XJntnfinifi — Tinah's Bekavieiir en {U Oicafion — Captain's /inner — Suj^tjiions — Rticmiliuion — yf Jhorl lUivu ferfarmtd far the Captain — A (iM to an old Widtw Lath— An Entertainment in (mipliment «/ the Captain — A Dijiurba4ce—A Wrefiling iiuh, b) Women— A Theft— the Culprit taken and punifljed-'Varicus Ouurrtn(es—-Jhey unmotr^Ua^t Ctjiiiilt—ln view of the IJjand Huabcine — Vifited Ay Caiwes— Remarks — Antber in Annamooka — Remove It mlbir SiluMtiiH — Vijilt — Thefts — They get under Satt-^littwetn the Iflands of Tofoa and Kolce. OH thf jd of February the captain wa« prcfcnt jt snolhrr wrcftling nuitcn j when a young iNit jMii hU aim out uf joini at the elbow, by an piiunitr fall. The capuin ifiuncdiatcly fent lor llitgton l^d\».i/d J but, before he arrived, three llwimcntook hold of the youth, and two of tlicm bgihcit feci agiiinn hit ribi, n.i «rm wk iinmc- Ktlv nplat nl when Mr. 1 4(|w«nl 1 iint, he ex- Ifd much rutprifeal their ciiiillon«; had I broken. The young man'* arm was quite re ■ d, there bein|{ only a (inall fwcjling of (he tfclfs, *^lch priKced«I Iroiii the Urain. h\Mk before fun-fet the inhabitants met at the jtn ol the beach neairft the vcffcl, whrrr they «f«l themfcivs with datulng, rxrrciling ilie No. i«. lance, and other entertainments, till it was dark. This kind of merriment was quite common, every fine evening, and afforded no fmill diverfion to the Diijp'scompany, whowercconllant fpcdaton thereof. The wind having now bt wn frefh in the night, they difcovcrcd on the 6ih, at day-fight, that the cable by which the thip lode xvmi cut in fuch a manner neat thv water's edge, that only one .^rand remained whole. This gave the captain much con- cern, as the vcflel v«as not only thereby endangered, hut it might likewife occafinn a coolnefi between the Kngliln and natives, who had been hitheito on fuch good terms. 1 inah came on bourd while they were frcuring the vcfl'el, and though the captain had nu reafon to fufpct^f hit fidelity, yet he thought it proper to infill upon a difcovcrr, and that the of- tender ihould he immediately brought to him. Tho captain's tngiet on this occaiion created unniverftl .j„vi * 3 ^ ..■.». \»- »/,>. ... alarm. '• v^ m iM mi r:.U''i .^v iV. ! m [■U ,1,1 nP"''W!ii kiftik't ^ Hi ,. ..^«_.'t....* ao6 NEW COLLECTION of VOY'GES and TRAVELS. alarm, and Teppaho id his family, with Tinah's father jiid mother, ..e I'o difmayed, that, not- V iiiiltandma; there was violent rain, they immedi- ately left Oparre, and retired to the mountains. However, Tinah and his wife remained, declarii>g their innocence, and upbraiding the captain for his unjurt anger with them. Tinah promifcd lO ufe his utmoft endeavours in bringing the culprit to juf- tice, but then he was apprehenlive, as he, (and in- deed the captain himfelf) iufpeOtcd that it was one or more of the Itrangers who had come from other parts of the idand, that if the offender was of the iflands Eimeo, Ticrraboo, or Attahooroo, he could not get him delivered up. The captain likewifc imaf^ined that this outrage might have been commit- ted by fome of the jealous Itrangers, more out of en- mity to the people of Matavai and Oparre, than to him, in order perhaps to diminifh that confidence and regard which were fo long maintained on both fides, particularly too, as the ciptain had declared he would revenge any injury that was offered to them during his abfence. However, the captain ftill retained his anger, in order to rtimuiate Tinah to a difcovery. Aftervvards indeed, the captain had very good reafoii to fufpcct that fonic of his own people were the offenders. A llage was now erc(fted, by order of the captain, on the forecaflle, that theccntincl might haveabettcr view ol the cables; the watch was like«ifeencrcafed. Oricpyah returned in the afternoon from Tethu- roa. He and Moannah were very near being loll in the bad weather ; Moannah took llielterat Kimeo. Several of the canoes at this time were oveifet. On the 8th, Tinah and Iddeah, after being ab- feiil the whole preceding day, vilitcd the captain, who affurcd him, that notwithftanding they had Hiide a mod diligent fcatch, they were not able as yet to difcover the offender; the captain not being fatisfied, cxprelfcd great coolnefs, which hurt the fei-lings of Iddeah lo much, that fhe hurlV into a flooj of tears ; upon this, the cajitain, melted with pity, refumed his former good humour, but llrong- ly recommended to them, if ever they wifhed to fee King George, or had any regard for him, to renew their leareh, and difcover, it pollible, the orteniler ; this being proraiiled, a reconciliation took place, of which word was lent to Otow and Teppahoo, wliofe return wai now importuned. In tiie afternoon the captain received an invita- tion from the l-laree of Tiarrabou, the S. K. divi- lioii ot Dtahcite, which, however, he declined, but fent him a handlome prefent by the melfenger. This prcl'eiu indeed was fent at the inlligation of Tinah, and it was obferved, by Captain liligh, with plea- fuie, that Tinah had given away the major part of the things he had given him, fomc he hid boflowed through political views, and others out of friendlhip. There being a grand heiva to be performed at Teitaha, where the prefencc of I'eppahoo and his family were, confequently they took their leave of the captain on the tenth, and the next day fome of the performers, (lopping on their way, fent the cap- tain a polite mcflage, that if he picafed, they would Hay a while and perform a Ihort heiva lor his enter- tainment. Captain Bligh havin^r acquicfccd, this heiva commcnccti with a dance by two young girls, while the drums and tlutcs were playing. After this they fuddcnly dropped all their drcfs, which w:\s in- tended at a prefent for the captain, and made an ab- rubt departure. The men now began to dance, while the natives apprared more delighted than ufual with thi« entertainment, it being in fad more in- decent than the red. The captain now accompanied Tinah and hii wife on a vilit to an old widow lady, whofc name was Wanow-oora. There was great ceremony ufed upon their mcctiiig : having jufl landed flic was fitting on tlic beach by the head of her canoe. There was a pricfland three men with Tinah, wrho had for an of- fering a young dog, a fowl, and two young plantain bought. The old lady addrclFcd hcrfelf in lumc 3 fhort fentences to Tinah, and his party, who were feated at a refpeiJtfiil diffance, upon which tlu y a. changed their offerings, her's being exadly the Vanic of his. This curious ceremony being over, Tinah no longer rellrained, ran and embraced her in I moll alfectionate manner: (lie was conducted to a (bed, where they (laid lor fbinc time, Tinah havini- delivcred orders that llie and her attendants (liould be fupplied with every thing they wanted. When the captain was preparing for his departure, he in. yired Wanow-oora on board, but (lie declined his invitation on account of her age and weaknefs. On the 1 {th a ijrand heiva was prepared, in com- pliment to the captain, by Tinah, and feverainran- gers were arrived from all parts to be prtfeni at it The captain went on lliore, and a great multiiudc ot people had already collected together, to bcholj the (ight. 'Tinah and fevcral other chiefs came to meet the capiain, while a ring was made at a little Mmk( from their poll. As foon as they were (eared, the heiva began by a dance of women, and the fc'vaal other ceremonies which are curtomary on this ocu. (ion : alter this, the men proceeded to wrcftic, anj there being no longer any order, the captain was en- treated by Otow to put a (lop to the entertainment as he fufpecled that I'ome (Irangers, who wire pre- fent, dedgned to do them harm. The luinult and conlulion became general, every one took to r.s arms, and the captain finding that hisownpowi.: was inCulVicicnt to quell the riot, repaired to r.a pod, and ordered all his men underarms. I,;,,, and lildcah were exceedingly concerned aboii; ;, ; captain for fear he (lioutd meet with fonie hjrii" Iddeah came to fee him fale at his poll, bin dci..i.i. ed Itaying under his protection ; (lie promiled, hoi. ever, to return as loon as peace was reltoii.d ; lit | had a double covering ot cloth round lur ua.it which was girded with a large rope. 'Two guns were (ired from the vefCel without any lliot, by orJer ot the captain. 'This had the d^ud ellecl, and tlie tumult in a (hort time cealed. h. iiah and Iddeah now returned to the capiain ula] him know that ail was quiet : thcfe, and fcviraiof the thiets went on board with the captain, anddmcd with hii'i. The captain went on fhore again with Tinah and j his friends. Tiuuh had ordereil three large ho.- be drellcd, and a quantity of bread-fruit prouJ.jj before he went on board with the captain; thffc hcj now requeded might be prefented to the diUmMtl parties, who h.id tome to (ee the cnicrt.iiniiitR:.I Agreeable to Tinah's indruCfions, the captain (ut.j fented one part thereof to the chief people ot Aita-l hooro, another to the Arreoys, and another to ihcl jjcrformcrs of the heiva. 'They were rctrivcd b) ir.el different parties with great thankfulncfs. [ The hofpitality of 'Tinah was alwayj reniarkallJ he never let an opportunity flip of difplayinghislJ Ijcrality when any of the principal people camcciihcd to vilit him or fee the vefTel. He was more rcj.l) iiJ giving tiun receiving prcfents, nor was there ihd lead appearance of ollentation in his good naiurcl in (hort this amiable difpolition made amends (or hii failings, J On the 1 6th the captain was invited to a wrtftlinJ match by women. Their mode of challenging, and method of attack, were jud the fame aspradifclbj the men ; the only dilfetcnce was, that the «oimi appeared rather more violent. Though there wJ no inftancc at prelirnt, ."or during the laptainl flay at Otahcite, y H i' wa» allcdgcd that the womtj fomctimej would ■ vrcrtle with the men, and Iddcjf was reported to be very famous in this exercife. On the 1 7th the captain took a walk with Tinil to fee hi8countr;yr rcfidencc, which lay towardsiti hills. The houlie was exceedingly neat, iti a \M fant fituation, furroundcd by plantations. ' On the 1 8th, the captain went to Matavai to iw after the Indian corn, which he cxpci!1ed to bennj fuJl ripe for gathering. However on his arrival, fuu:i i .■ Lieut. W. BLIGH's VOYAGE to the SOUTH SEAS. 207 found that the whole was taken away by fome of the natives. Nothing material occurred till the 23d, when the rapuiin received a prcfcnt of a very fine tare pud- jinij from Iildcah for their dinner to-day. Tinah aifo hroughr a bunch of bananas, that weighed Si lb. on which were about 286 fine fruit. Some were loll in the carriage. On the 25th Iddcah's youngcft child was taken ill, which gave her great uncalincfs. The caj)tain of- fcrcd to fend his furgcon to look at him, but Hie declined his afliftance, as (he e.Npe(ited a man from Xcttaha to come and inform her what to do. On the 2d of March, the inhabitants who had li\cti near the tents, had now quitted their houfes, ami rccircd towards the mountains. The captain, when lie litndcd, was informed that a water calk, kdch'i}-'. and part of an azimuth compafs, were Hoicn in the night from the poft on ftiorc. A com- plaint was immediately fent to Tinah, who in con- Ljciiix thereof was afraid to vifit the captain. \ ircncral alarm took place among the natives, iflmc fliort time after, the captain having returned frini the vilfcl, where he bftakfafted, he perceived Tinah, Orecpyah, and a number of people, at a dif- tant houfe, w hence they all marched, proceeding 10 the cad ward. .At this time Oedidee was with Cjinain Biigh, who faid that they had jull gained infotniation of the thief, and were now gone in purluit of him. In about an hour after word was brought that the criminal was feizcd. The whole pirtv loon after appeared, with the articles which Ul lutn ftolcn, except the bedding ; while Tin.ih had hold of the thief, whom he deliverd up to the optain. The captain, after thanking Tinah and hisiJityfor the trouble they had taken, expatiated on the injuftice of Healing from thofe who were fo pariKular in dealing fair with them : for the captain affurfd thiin, that if any of his people oftered them the Icall offence, they (hould be immediately pu- rillid. Tinah embraced the captain after his fpeech, ind went immediately in fcarch for the bedding, ihik Captain Bligh, thinking it prudent to make ancxarn()le of the ottender, who belonged to a dif- unt illand, ordered him a feverc flogging. They were now making preparations for failing, ind were fupplicd with a quantity of wood, by order of Tinah, who had direded trees to be brought down from the country on purpofc. Tinah, appreheiilive clbfinf,' attacked alter the vcflel failed, rcquelted thf captain to leave him fome lire- arnis and ammu- niiion, which were accordingly promifed : they pre- ftrrrf pillols to mufkets, and as the captain faid he «ouU leave them a pair, Tinah remarked that Id- dtali could fight with one, and Otdidcc with the Offer. Ocdidec was an excellent markfman, and Iildcah a bold rcfolutc woman, who was already capable of loading and firing a mufket as well as tkcmuft experienced fowler. On the 6th the mafter, Mr. Fryer, was fent to fciind Taownc harbour. The news of the captain's inicndcd departure having been fprcad, feveral na- lucicame from all parts of the iflands, to have fome iron tools repaired at the forge. .Several pieces ofSpanilli iron were likcwife fent by Waheatua, the Lrtc of Tcarraboo, in order to be made into (mall )ii», which was accordingly done. They had now a long continuance of wcflerly winds, with a great deal of rain. On the 13th icvc- nl canoes arrived from Tcthuroa, with a large tribe cfilic Arreoys, and the wife of Oreepyah, who is m Arrcoy woman, named Huheinc Moycrc, She ilaynl at Tcthuroa after Oreepyah departed from ilui place. On the arrival of Huheine Moyere, a ceremony ailed Hooepinpcc was performed, which chiefly nofillcd of viiiting feveral friends in a public man- «■. A prcfent was made by Iddeah to the Arreoy *oniani and Tinah being abfent, Iddeah received a fitftnt, which was matte up by all the principal people for young Otoo, the Earec Kahic. It was carried by 24 men on their (lioulders, in balkets decorated with (lips of cloth, which they had on each end of a pole. On the 14th the captain was vifitcd by an old man upwards of 70 years of age, who was held in great rcfpecl by all the natives. His n(phcw, Tupia, de- parted from thefc ifiands in 1769, in the Endeavour, and died at Hatavia. He requcfted the captain, if ever he came again to Otaheite, to bring him a lock of his hair. Teppahoo, the Earee of Tettaha, now publifhcd a prohibition againft killing or felling hogs, there being very few in that diftriit, fo that it was deemed necelfary they (hould have time to brcid. As the captain was ])romifcd to be ftill fupplied by his triends at Matavai and Oparrc, notwithllanding the great confumption he had already occafioncd, he did not think it prudent to folicit the (avour at Tettaha, when contrary to the will ot the Earce. The fame prohibition was to take place at Matavai and Oparre, when the captain was gone ; but, in compliment to him, it was gcncrouily poflponed. On the 19th, in the evening, the captain's clerk, Mr. Samuel, w ho had been two days abfent on an excurfion to the mountains, returned, and reported the tops of the high mountains were barren, but the reft were well covered with wood. He met witfi nothing remarkable. On the 27th two parais, (or mourning dr( ots, and wou'd doubtkl's h.ive made their way into the ground, had it not been timely pre- vented. They were all in very good order, being in -74 pots, J9 tubs, and 24 boxes. The number uf bread-fruit plants alone were 1015. The w eather became very fine, and there appeared a fettled trade-wind. Hitherto they were conllantly vifitcd by feveral Hrangers, who came to take their leave. Some petty thefts were committed, chieHy ow ing to the negligence of the watch. L'apt. Bligh now made his laft prcfents to Teppahoo and other friends, feveral of whom, particularly Oedidee, ear» neflly reijuefted to accompany him to England. As the captain intended to fail early on the 4rh of April, Tiiwh, Iddcah,jind all their relations, came ihc preceding day and dined with him. The vcffel was exceedingly crouded with natives, who brought great quantities of plantains, cocoa nuts, bread-fruit, hogs, goats, &c. This evening there was no entertain- ment, as before. Tinah. and his party, remained on board all night. Early on the 4th they unmoored : the (lock of the be(t bower anchor broken in (lowing the anchor, it having been eaten very much by worms. Having weighed, they were obliged to tow the (hip out of harbour with their boatsand two fweeps, there being no wind. As this harbour was very narrow , only a few of the natives were permitted to (lay on board : (cveral, however, attended in their canoes, till the wind became (Irong, when they were obliged to take their leave. They (lood oli' and im for the re- mainder of the day. The capcain gave Tinah two muflcets, a pair of piftols. ana a good Hock of am- munition : thcfr, and the other prcfents, were, by the captain's orders, put into one of the (hip's boats 1 upon which they took an atfedionate leave of each other. Having got light of the Ifland Huaheinc on the (th, they brought-to near the entrance of Owharre Harbour, where they had a full view of the har- bour. The natives imaginsd the vcflel was coming intu iiJi j.'iS- h^ rm sr t >A} ,.^ ir ■•li t "V' iillMi B' H ^•^i 'X \- f • .-••imr ^ ]i m 20» NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES akd TRAVELS. into the harbour, but the capuin did nor choofe to anchor i it wai therefore fome time before they were vifited by any. At laft three men ap{)roached them in a canoe, who brought with them fome cocoa- nuts : one of thcle diverted the captain exceedingly, by pretending, with great folemnity, that he was the Earcc Rahie. The captain gave him fome nails. Afterwar-ii they were viiiced by a double canoe, wb>ch had teamen, one of whom, being a youth, .ecoileded the capuin, and called him by hio iiame. A number of cunocs fuccecdcd, of whom various articles were purchafed. While they were making fail, they perceived an Indian fwimming towards the (hore, which would have been a miracle li he had reached. They took, him up and put him in a canoe which was very for- tunately along-lide. The captain undcrftood that this nan was iniane, but could not learn by what means he came fo far from land. On the 6th they llcered more to the wedward, in hopes of reachmg the Friendly Ulands. On the 9th they had very fqually weather, and thick bbck clouds in the E. They faw a wacer- fpout at a ihort diftance, which derived no fmall .-idvuuagc from the darkncfs of the clouds. On the nth they faw land to the S. S. W. about five leagues diilanti it fccmcd an ifland of fome height. They now flood to the N. W. In the evening they tacked to the i'<,'uthward, and per- ceived about nine keys, which were covered with trees. All this day they endeavoured to get near land, but could not, the wind being li^ht and un- favourable. They had a heavy iqu.ill at night, which (ompelled them to clew up all their laiis. A cairn futceedcd this. They had variable winds with intervening calms on the i2tti. About the afternoon tliey were with> m three miles -of the fouthernmofl key, where they were able to difcern fome inhabitants : thiy were I'uun vifited by a canoe with four men, who did not betray any furprife on their meeting. The captain gave them fome beads, and they came into the vcilei : the leader, who was a man of greater con- fcqucncc than any of the reft, and an Earee, exa- mined the velUl with fome curiofity, none of them however would venture into the cabin. Seeing one of the fi';iincn with fome broiled frcih pork in a boul, they all partook thereof, with (bmc boiled plantains. When the leader undcrilood the captain was the chief of the velTel, he approached him and joined nofcs. After this he prefcntcd to him a large mother oi pearl Hicll which hung round his neck : he was highly delighted at feeing the captain faAen it round his in the fame manner. The language was almoU the fame as at Otahcite. The name of the large ifland was Wytoouckcc, and the Earee was callcaLumakkayah. They faid that there were no bogs, dogs, or goats upon the ifland, nor had they yams or taroi but that plantains, cocoa-nuts, tuwis, bread-fruit, and avces were there m great abundance. Notwithftanding they faid that no nogs were on th« ifland, it was evident they had fccn Kich animals I for they called them by the fame name as is given to thetti at Otahcite, which made the captain fufpcdl that they were deceiving him. However, he ordered a youiw boar and fuw to be put into their canoe, with fome yams and taro, which articles being plenty, they could well fpare. Hcaifo gave each of them a fmall adze, a knife, fome bsadsi nailst a iooking-glafs, &c. The latter they cxaii|ined with great curiolity 1 but with the iron, work thqr appeared to be well acquainted. When preparing for their departure, the chief of the canoe took peireflion of cvcnr thing the captain hadgiven to the others. One of chcm Ihcwcd lumo flgns of diflatisfadlion ; but, after a little altercation, tiwy joined nofes, and were ivcoaciied. It was thought they were all going to leave the fliip ; but only two of them, went into the canoet the other two purpofing to ftay on board all night, and to have the canoe return for them in the mnrninB. However it being explained to them that the Ihip might be driven from the ifland in the night, they rclu(ftantly confentcd to leave them. They were very felicitous that fomcbody from the fliip fliould go on Ihore v ith them ; and juft before they went they gave the captain a wooden fpear, which was 1 common long ftalf, pointed with the toa wood, and the onl/ thing, except the paddles, that they Juj with them. Thefe people were tattowed acrofs the arms and legs, but not on the loins or poftcriors, like ihe people of Otaheite. From their knowledge of iron they have doubtlefs communication with Hcrvcy's Iflands, which are not more than eighteen kagiic, didant from them. They fcxmed very friendly and inoficnfive. They proceeded to the weftward with a brfc« from the S. and on the i&th f;uv Savaj^c lllind. Alfo, on the 31ft the Ifland Caow, beaiiiiKlium the mart head N. W. by W. j.+thd W. At noon it was about 19 leagues diftant. This ifland. which is high, has a fliarp-pointed top, and is the norih- weflernmoft of the Friendly Iflands. They were not able to reach Annamooka till the B3d, where they anchored in 23 tsithoms. They were foon vifited by fcveral canoes, who brought yams and cocoa-nuts, but none of the natives would come on board witliout tirrt aflcing the captain's permiilion. They were alfo vifited by a canoe from the ifland Mango, wherein was a chief, called Li. toomy lange, who dined with the captain. This Itation not being convenient for watciini' they moved more to the tartward on the a9th, and' anchored in ai fathoms. They were about hall » league diliant from fliore. ihey were now vifited by fcveral large failing. canuc;i, which arrived from different iflands in the neighbourhood of Annamooka ; in thefe «cretwo chiefs, whofc names were Kunacappo and Noici. boo: there was an old lame man with them, callfd Tepa, whom the catuain had been acquainted with '■ in 1777, and with whom the captain was capable of I converling. From his information Captain Bligh [ underrtood that fome of his old friends were at Tongataboo, and that all the cattle he had left there wrc ftill alive, and had bred. Tepa and the chicfi | now examined the veflel, and exprcfled much prife at feeing the bread-fruit and other plants, captain made them each a piefcnt, and afterward* I invited them u, go on ftiore with him in his boat,! which they readily complied with, and the captaial took with him Nelfon, m order to make his obfcr- vation, and procure, if poflible, fome more bread- fruit plants. As foon as they wtre landed, they were furround.) ed by two hundred |joople on the beach, thegreatcrl part of whom were women and children. Tcp^ fuppofing the captain Would have a party on flioitJ as he had when he war, there betorc, gave him ihq ufe of a large boat-houfe. Paring this excuiifio the captain was very happy to find that titc ^ and feeds, which had beun formerly fown'^bercl were not thrown away. On the captain's retuni to the landing-place, an humble prcfent of cocwl nuts was brought him, with which he appeared per-j fciflly fatisfied, and gave the wonwn and chiidro beads and trinkets. The captain invited the chiefs to dinner, and ( his return to the velfol, he was hnppy to find thai a hrilk trade had been carried on. Several plan! tains and fume bnad- fruit were brought on boar(( but no hogs. Afterwards they purchafed with dogs, fowls, (haddocks, &c. of other wno which contained about a hundred people. The| had very Anc large yams in great abundance, forr of which weighed about forty-five pounds.' I» 1 afternoon they were vifited by two of the lume ( Tubow, a liimily of gieat rank in the Fncmlj Iflands, one of whom was a chief of the ifliml I fuoiil y^t mafter, one of t Weflcd permiflion to c *"ifd leave, yet he wai w in a ycry fliort tim I'M captain endeavoi ■•». to dilluodc thcfc i No. m. MUTINY ON Board Lieut. W. BLIGH> VESSEL. inq fooga. The captain cook a walk on fhore with this chief and Tcpa, in order to explore a wooding-place. They found a number of very good trees ; and the captain having obtained Tepa's permillion to fend his people to cut wood, took his leave and returned to the veflel. The natives here were disfigured by numerous marks of mourning, fuch as bloody temples, the lofs of hair, and iikcuife the lofii of Angers, which w;is common to levcral. Some men wanted the middle- finger of their ri«ht hand, and a number of boys ibouc fix years old had lull herb their little fingers. On the 2jth parties wcrcdifp.(tched on iliore, to get wood and water. They had fcarcc been an hour (mplo)cd, when one of tin in loll an axe, another an tdie. Thi» was made known to Tepa, who im- mediately enquired into the bufincfs : however, they could only recover the axe. On the s6th Nelibn went on Ihore to get fome plants, but he was infulted by tite natives, who took his fpadc from him. Tepa recovered this. A boat's grapnel was alfo llolen from the watering party: in Ihort, the natives were To numerous, that the aptain's people could do nothing, except they had iLriiicipal chief amrng them, who could keep the Inhabitants in awe. The captain, therefore, ordered I til hit men on board, and prepared to fail. At noon t*icy unm'^ored, and were under fail at one o'clock. I jit this time all the chiefs were on board, and the cftptain infi»r*ned them that uniefs the grapnel was reftorcd, he wis determined to detain tnem in the veflll : at this they were greatly furprifed and alarmed. Canoes were difpa> -hed in order to re- cover it J but as the thief was gone off to another idand, there was no poflibility of getting it till the next »iay. Thecaptaiii, however, detained the chiefs till fun-fct, when they began to be fo very uncafy, thtt they cried bitterly, and beat their 4ces in a terrible manner. Capt. Bligh feeing their diftrefs^ and being now afturctl that they Were innocent of the theft, gave them not only their Uberty* but feveral prclcnts of no finall value to them. Their joy was now as great as their forrow had been be- fore, and they departed in their csuioes with no little fatisfai^ion, having uken leave of Capt. Bligti in a moH cordial and atfedionate manner. They had now light and vmrable winds, with which they flood to the northward all night. On the 37th they were between the iflands of Tofoaand Kotoot Hitherto they had a profperous and pleafant voy« age, and the captain was folocing himfelf with the pleating hopes of having completed an undertaking adequate to the wilhes fall the proprietors. But an uncxpcw osuertd the xnter, boiitfwain, and Mr. Samuei, (Hiecvptain'i ) on deck. The boatfwain was t: iimsi ied by liian, who was at the head of thw-fc rel lels, to Ithe launch out, and threatened to hi. inftantly Irojcd if he did not immediately obey. This ., done, Mr. Samuel and two midfliipmen, i Htyward and Hallet, were ordered into the ich. I Tin maAer, one of thofe confined below, now i^ttflcd permiiTion to come on deck; though he 'iincd lca\:. yet he was ordered bock again to hia hn in a very Ihort time. |Thc captain endeavoured, bf the tnoft* gentle to dilluadc thefc infiuuatol^ men fiotn thofe No. iH. bafc a^s of violence : but all his follcltatlonft i^s inefTctflual. Chriftian, having changed his cuthKs for a bayonet, took a ttrohg hdM of tne cOrd which tied the captain's hands, and threatened moft vio- lently to kill hirti on the fpot. if he did not be quiet. The reft of the villains who guarded the captain had their pieces cocked and bayonets Axed. Several were now htjrried into the boar, while the boatfwain nd fome of 'He fcamcn who were to join them weir , miitted to i»ay on board awhifr, in order to col- It lines, canvas, twine, fails, &c. Thefe men got a Q k gallon cnfk of water, about 1 50 lb. of bread, a little wine and ru^n, a quadrant and coinpafs. The captain'* map, epnemeris, book of obfcrvatioin, fextant, time-keeper, with all his drawings, furvcys, ice. they vrauld not let out ot the (hip. Mr. Samuel exerted his utmoft to set them, but in vam ; hap- (' ly. however, he had ncured the captain's joumafv, cummilTion, and fome material (hip paoers, which he did with furprifing refolution, though flrit^ljr watched tnd guarded^ The carpenter, after much difpuiation, was permitted to take his tool cheft. Chrillian was for a long time determining within himfelf, whither be ftxHild detain the carpenter ot his mates : howcTcr, upon giving the preference to the latter, the carpenter was ordered to join the ttSc in the boat. During the whole bufinefs, there waa a great al<. tcrcation among the mutineers. After tney had forced thofc of the feamen into the boat whom thejr did not choofe to keep, Chriftian ordeiM a dram to be fcrvcd to every one of hii own people. After this the officers were called upon deck, and forced over the fide into the boat, while the captain wu kept apart from every one abaft the miun-maftv ftill held by Chriftian. who was armed with a bay- onet: the aaard round him had uncocked their pieces, on the captatn's daring them to fire. The captain waa exceedingly thiifty, and one of ♦ 3 G thf nMil '» I X ' •■• ■^'■ ' i, ill m i I rti ■■■ ■■ ' 'ti#M T. -Xi ft 'i i 1 i 1 '■ '4wn m. 11 m '^m IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^ ti^. Z 1.0 I.I UitM |2.5 |5o ^^~ MHB lit m ■; S Hi ■« ^ un 112.0 12.2 !.25 IIIM IJ4 Photographic Sciences Corporation 93 ViHT MiAiN STMiT V«r.t>STIR,N.Y 14Sld (716) •73-4SC} ^ -yT 7/'-' If- 210 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. the guard, Ifaac Merlin, who was inclined to ferve him, fed him with (haddock. This man's partiality being obferved, he was immediately removed from the captain. Afterwards he attempted to leave the veffeli and get into the boat ; he was, however, by compulfion, obliged to join the mutineers : likewii'e Jofeph Coleman, the armourer, and M'lntofli and Norman, two carpenters, were detained againft their Will. This they declared to the captain, upon their reparation. One Michael Byrne, alfo, wanted to get into the boat. Neither perfuafions nor remondrances had any effeft. The captain was not only thus abufed, but they made a laughing-ftock of his helplefs fituation. He alked for arms, but they told him he was fo well acquainted uith the people to whom he was going, that he could not want for any. Chriftian, being informed by the mafter at ai ms that the ofli- cers and men were in the boat, informed Captain Bligh that he muft go with him, declaring that if he Jhewed the leaft reluftancc, he (hcuild be put to death. Accordingly, he was forced by a trilw of armed ruflians over the fide, where they untied his hands. Upon this the boat was veered attern by a rope. The mutineers threw them fome pieces of Rork, clothes, &c. likewife four cutUfles, noiwith- anding their previous denial of arms. Thus, after being infulted and ridiculed, the captain and eigh- teen of his people were caft adiift in the wide ocean, while Chriftian and 24 others, the moll able men of the (hip's company, kept pofloffion of the vcirel, and fleered in fight of the boat to the W. N. W. This the captain believed to be done in difguife, for after they were all put into the boat he heard fome of the mutineers cry " huzza for Otaheitc." Notwithflanding the villainy and* ingratitude of Chriftian, yet the recollection of the many kind- nclies which the captain had (hewn him produced fome (igns of rcmorfe. When the captain remon- ftrated with him, and reminded him of the many inftances of fricnd(bip which he had received (rom him, he appeared greatly difturbed, flopped him from proceeding, and frequently exclaimed that he W4S in hell ! After fome little --flexion, the captain endea- .vourcd to recover his Ipirits, from a confideiation that one day or other lie (h<'ukl be able to ac- count to his king and country for the prcfcnt iln- cxpeclcd misfortune. Having very little wind, they rowed pretty faft towards Tofoa, bearing N. E. about 10 leagues diflant. It is wonderful how fccrctly the mutineers had planned their intentions. About thirteen of thole who were with the captain in the boat had lived forward among the leaiuen, and never obferved the fmallefl circuniftance that could lead to any fufpicioo; even the captain himfelf was on the mofl friendly terms with Chriftian. On t^c very day he put his villainy into execution, he was engaged to dine with the captain : he was likewife invited tiie preceding night to lup witlvhim, but evaded the invitation by pretending he was verv ill, which being believed, for his honour and integrity were uever fufpccted, gave (he captain much uncafinefs. The captain's motive for going to Tofoa was to get a (iipply of bread-fruit and water, and after- V ards to proceed to 1 oiigataboo, and (biicit the King Poulaho for leave to equip a hok„, and furnifli themfelves with a nectfTary fluek of provitions, in order to enable them to make for the Eaftlndies : what they bad at pr..rent in the boat was very in. fuflkicnt for their (ub(iftencc, there being only 1 jolb. of bread, 16 pieces of poik, each piece weighing uptm an average twit pounds, fix quarts of rum, (ix bottles of wine, lU gallons of water, and four empty barricocs. There being a mmlerate eafterly breese, they were able Co fail, but did not reach Tofoa till it was dark. After ibme fruiticfs cii'orU, tbe^ wert obliged to give up all thoughts of landing, the ftore exceedingly fteep and rocky, artd there bei anchorage, they were forced to keep the boat the lee with two oars. Thus determined f, night, they took their repole as well as fhe fortunate circumflanccs would permit, ead having been allowed half a pint of grog for tli port of his fpirits. On the 29th, as foon as day appeared, the ceeded along fliore, to find, if poiHble, a hi place. They difcovered a cove with a ftony at the N. W. part of the ifl^nd, after fbnie toil: here, within twenty yards of the rocks dropped the grapnel. A great furf ran on the however, as their unhappy fituation could n( mit of much delay, they were refolved on expeditious, let the attempt be ever (b hazii Accordingly, Mr. Samuel, and fome others landed, who climbed the cliflPs, and by thcic ' got into the country, where they began tc at>out tor fupplies. Tfic reft, who were in the (till kept their fituation, there being no < itu as yet difcovered into the country. Mr. S and his party returned about noon : tiiry hii no natives, but there were figns that the niai inhabited. They likewile oelpaired of ..ct fuflicient fiipply of water, tlure being noli however they brought with thi'in a little, they had found in holes. Seeing that there w certainty of obtaining a fpeedy lupply, thee deemed it expedient to be very Ipaiini; of there was: thui allowance, theielore, fm ttjjs dinner, was, a Imall bit of bread, and a j^lals ot Notwithflanding this calamitous condition, th pie kept up their fpirits, and behaved with ur mon relohition, which afforded nolmall cuufo to the captain. 'I hough the weather was very fair, yet as was a Iniait breize from the K. S. li. ihty not vcntuie to fiea. The captain being dcttrJ to keep their (iift (lock entire as long a pJ th fi« no no was likcwite refolved to take advanta^^c of tcntioD, and make further eiidcavuuis to relief from this illand : accordingly, they and rowed ahmg (hore. . After a long' they difcovered at lafl fume cocoa-nut trees, were on the top of high precipices; and, flanding it was very dangerous landing, on of thefuif, yet their neceliitie? enabled tiicin counter thele difticultics, and having chml> cliffs, fome of them got about 20 cocoa-nuts others flung them to rojws, by which tht hauled into the boat thtough the furf. returned to thrir former fituation, a« thcv find none more commodious than this covr. now partook of a cocoa-nut each lor their and went to reft. On the 30th both wind and weather were that having made • fruiticfs attempt to la were obliged to retina and ixmain in th Thev were now deictinineil to get into tt.cc by climbing the clifTi, as Mr. Samuel and h had done before ; previous to which e^ch was allowed a fpoonful of rum, and a bit m The natives, for the purpofe of afccniiin precipices, had thereto fixed long vines, b] of which the captain, MefT. Samuel, Ncllun, landed. 'I hey found fome dcferted huts, uk plantain walk, but in 'och an uncultivated ill three ftnall bunches of plantains could on! ledted from it. In advancing further, they a deep gully, that led towards a mountiin volcano. In hopes of finding I'onie wn they made diligent fearchi but could only about nine gallons from the place. After ing further on without any fuccefs, thi>r~ being exceedingly barren and dreary, they f much fatigued to the boat. Thecjptiiil faiflti that had it nut been for t! e alTiilaj J 'f?ajF??piy^'»,5*' MUTINY ON Board Lieut. W. BLIGU's VESSEL.- 211 were fi) biii,| to (ill, tlicfl in the cover lUcouniryJ nd hit |iiny| cich jKrloiil bit (it brcjir ;cruling (held iM, by mM .•lion, &.t. ^cJ Id, ,\nd i fin»* iteci ll\tr, tbil d only be cnlJ they tcKliei^ intiin, nrttl c wjlcr litrti only procurJ \»tcr (iriKtcdJ , thiscountr|| they rewm .jptiiii w"f| ifliiliiite of hi people, he would never have been able to liave Sefcended the precipice. Being now all -ucmbied about noon, each man pirtook of ah ounce of pork, two plantains, and half a glafs of wine, 'fhofe who remained in the boat during the cap- tain's excurfioh, had been employed in looking lor tilh, but without any fuccefs. It being determined that another party fliould tjke a different lOUte in the afternoon, in hopes of '.n' .'ting with fome natives who ixight afllii thcri, ihcy accordingly fct out, but returned in (I i: evening, as anfuccefsful as thofe who had gone betorc, and equally fatigued. There waS a cave about 150 yards from the water-fide, at the head of the cove: the diflancc acrols the ftony beach was about an hundred yards. As there was no danger of being furpiifed in this fituation, the captain was determined to remain on Ihore this night with a part of his people, that the reft miglit have more room in the boat, and confc- (luently enjoy a more comf 'itable night's repofe. Iht matter, in the boat, was dincled to lie at a cnpnel, and be very vigilant in cafe of any attack. Aticr lome other nccoflary direfti 'ns, the c, ptain ind his party repaired to thiB cave j and h' zing londled a good fire, which they kept up all night, (liey boiled a few plantain!!, and after a fcanty lup- pur upon one pUutain And a pint of grog each, Ihry tixed the watches, and feulcd themfclves for the night. lijtly the next day (May ift) they took a dine- tcnt road ;igain, in hopes of making fome difcovery : during this journey they fufrcrcJ greatly for want lit witcr : however, they met with four natives, twD „,tn, a woman, and a child. The ciptain ufcd every inun» of procuring the fricndChip of thcfc two nicn, who acconrpanied him and Ins people to the fivf, having bn ught with them two cocoa-nut fitwl ot water. AJttr this they went, by the cap- oiii'i ilifire, for mote water ; alfo fome bread-truit, pUntiin*. &e. They were vifited flvrtly after this byiithcr nativM, and about' noon there were no Icb than thirty afftmbled, frim whom they ob- uuKil fonie Imall relief. The captain, being ftill dctrrtiiiiied not to ufe any Of the bread or water II, ihc hoat, iffucd about one nunct of pork, and a (j^arttr ot a bread-fruit, with half a pint of water to each man for dinner. Ihe natives whom they h.id feen, were very kir.ilan^l honcH. They did the pnivifions which ihcy brouglit, for a few buttons and beads : theic «)) no particular chief among them. It having bttn planned among the captain and his people, thit they ihuuld coutral the unfortunate ciicum> ttince ot the mutiny, for fear of creating evil de- li(;ii8 among the natives } accordingly when thcfe pciple tniiuircd about the veffel, they pretended ilut Qic had overlet and funk, and that the reft of j the crew had perilhcd. The natives believed this liory, thouf^h they neither ex;iTi(l'cd joy or fotrow oil ilic (iccalion, only fome little furprilc. It was thciiptain's intention to Day here as long as there coulil be any thing got, and then put to Tea as fuim n ever the wind and weather wcie favourable. Utvcialut the natives ucre coming and going the kiidlo alicrnotm i ihiy brought « very fmall quan- Itiiy ot water, but a lullicieiicy of coc(«-nui«, plan- |uii.s, aiulbread-tiuit lor another day. They en- |i|uircd 'very much after nails, but as this aiticic Ivutoovalialilc at prcf>:nt to be parted with, the Icipiiia pretended that they had none. Some IcKua-nuts and bie.id-fruit %ere likewifc purchafcd lula canoe which came in with four men. I 1 lie natives having evidently very little to fpire, ■ by the (mill quantities they brought, the captain lcnl>iii|;er lUttcrcd himi' If with hopes of procuring I) liilKoency here to (lock thcni fur their voyage : |liui»iihilanding, he ^as very happy to find that llkii Hock of provifiufis wai fonicwhat cncrcafcd. i At funfet the natives lefl^bem Jn qujet ppfTeffion of the cove, which led th^m to expect apotfier viCt the next day, and a furtheri fupply of water and food, with which they were deteranined to fail as loon as pufllble. ,. , . . ,,• At night they kindli;d a fire as before, a.id fixed the watth, then, after their ftanty allowance, weiit to repufe. - The captain's people now became, more chearfvil than before, and being unanimoufly determined to exert their utmcjft, in hopes o.f furmountiiig their prefent dilUculties, they boie all their iliftrcfles with I emarkable fortitude and Tcfignation. , On the 2d, early in the mormng, the captain difpatched a party of his people with empty 4^^119, to fee if they could poflibly get fome watei; jiofing the gullies in the mountairis, louring x\i. A^t. this time thiy were very nunncrous, and attempteU to haul the boat on fliore; upon which the captain brandiflied his cutlafs, and ^efiicd Kcfow,, the chief, to command tbeni to be quiet. Thi» be did, and ininiedi,itely they defilled. A party of the captain's people had now procured about three i^iUons of water in the mouutains* While they were abfcnt, the captain bought up alt the bread-fruit that was brought to them, and like- wife liimte fpears to arm his men with, as he was unwilling to truft to the four cutlaffet, twd of which wcie in the boat. They now employed their time in getting otf to the boat the articles which they had pui chafed, while they heard a continual knocking ot ftunes among the natives, vhich is the certain fign of an inteade.l attack. However, the captain Itiil appeared on the moll friendly terms with the chiefs, with whom he fliarcd his fcanty allowance. They were very anxious for th^ cap- tain to lit down, but this he declined, bcii^g awiire nf their evil intentions, fur both N'elfon mU the captain himfelf fufpe^cd that their deiign was to ca'ch hold of liiiu whenever they TiaJ an oppoitunitv; to avoid which, he cat his dinner Handing, keeping a vigilant eye over all their motions: after dinner they got their tbifigs into the boat by degrees, the natives llill continuing to cncreafe, and making preparations for their ftay in the cove all night. They kindled fires and held confultations among thcmfelves, which rendered their intentions more apparent. The captain im- mediately difpatched orders to the niaftcr to keep the boat ss near the fhore as pufllble, that they might the more cafily embark, when they wcr« ready for their departure. "While the captain was fending his journal down to the boat, which he had on (hore, in order to write down the occur-* rences, one of the natives attempted tn I'natch it, but was prevented by the gunner. Their hoQila intentions were now palpable, and every one on (hnre with the captain, as ibon is he gave the woit), whiiiiwM about fvnlet, iinmediately fecured what< •vtr 111 ■bfi 1! I I ki |ve^:: 'im n Lieut. W. BLIGH's RETURN in the LAUNCH. ai3 :ovcred twn i Hands, one| leagues diflant, and t!>: ght ditto. They flcacJ nmoft. andhavinrpiS the night tothcM.W.1 water, without the lead indication thereof, to give jr.y warning. It feemed to extend aboat a mile on ciich firic of them. This night they proceeded W. t)y N. aiid each perfon had for fupper an ounce of diinaged bread and a quarter of a pint of water. They were now put on watch and watch, in order to afford more room to thote whoiie turn it was to lie down, which they did on the boats bottom or the cheft, without any covering ; by which means they were fo conftantly wet and cold tbit they could fcarcely move when they got up. On the 7th, it being a very raw difagreeable morning, they had a fpoonfui of rum and a bit of bread for breakfaft. On apprna(!hmg thc land, which lay in the W. ttity perceived fome cwious rocks, which had a variety of forms. The land, being high and low in dincrent places, and a great deal covered witb wood, was exceedingly plealant to the view. Tliere being fime fmall rocky iflands off the N. E. part, they proceeded between thefe aod an ifland about four leagues to the N. £. They were fuddenly fet very near to the rocky iflands, by an unrxpeAcd lee current, which, by the dint oi good rowing, tbey eot clear of, having paflcd dole to the reef that lurrnuHdcd tbero. Being now followed by t*o lar}(e lailing canoes, which appeared very eager in tbeir purfuit, tbey rowed with the utmoft cxpcdu tion, *i they were apprebenfive of fome bad dcugns. Thry had now a great deal of rain, thander, and iubtoing, with light winds at N. N. E. Oaiy one of (he canors gained upon them, but (he gave over (luce in the afternoon, when within two miles dif- uuce uf them. It could not be tfcertained whether the inten- tiooi ot lltefe people were friendly or hollile { how- ever, though they might have benefited by their iotercuurlc, yet, as tney were in a defencelcfs itintion. it would not have been at all prudent to Uve run a riik of their enmiiv. By oicami ot the rain, which became very heavy It four o'cluck, thty encrealed their Aock of water (OD(iui of ruin. The wind incrcaftng, and Ihc weather ftill continning had, they got no fleep ■hit night ; however, at midnight, (liey ciught ibout twenty gallons of water. Ihe fuccecdieg diy «r,ii eauaHy difagiveahte. Thev weri£ pow tUigcd to RecT where they could, apa to keep bc- I inc the waves, for fear the boat fliovtd fiU : they I nre Itlicwife obliged to keep t vo men cooftantly btling the water, the fca broke fo ^aj high. This Uiy each perlbn bad half a« ounce of nork for im(\. 1'he aNowante regalai ly ftrvetl to tach I (crfon was t-sjth of a Bound «i hrcwl mni a fttv-' No. lit. . . .. . ter of a pint of water, three times, far breakfaft, - dinner, and fupper.' The rain abated fomewhat at noon ; the wind, however, ftill continued ftrong from S. S. E. to S. E. The weathei^ was very (qually, and the fea broke very high. On the nth, having fuffered greatly from the cold and rain of the preceding night, each perfon had a tca-rooonful of rum. They were now obliged to bale with all their ftrength, as the fea freqiiently ran over their ftern. The fun having appeared about nooB gave them much confolation, and they partook of their fcanty allowance with as much fatisfa^ion as poflible ; this night, however, was equally dreadful as the preceding, and they ex- peiicnced the fame toil, danger, and uneafinefs, which rendered them full of complaints the next day. They (had their ufual quantity of rum with their daily allowance. About noon it was calm, aod no fun to be feen. Tbey now fteered for the ^ northward of the New Hebrides. The rain flill _' continued, and they had heavy fqualls in the after* noon, the wind blowing from the fouthward. They werefoexceedingly wctandcoldthat they were all obliged to firip, and wring their clothes through the fait water, which ai(>rded them fome little warmth. They were obliged conftantly to bale, and the rum being nearly expended, their allow- ance thereof was denied. 1'he fucceeding day being equally difagreeable, added ftill more to their tioubles. On the 14th the rain ftill continued, with gloomy weather. They had Ibme fmart breezes at S. E. Early this morning they difeovered four iflands from S. W. by S. about eight leagues diftant, to N. W. by Wk tbrce-quartera W. fix ditto. All thefe iflands were high, but one remarkably lb. They faw another imsll iiLnd, and fome rocks, abonC noon, bearing N. W, by N. about four leagues ; alfo another W. eight ditto. They paffed the wefiernmoA ifland about (our in the afternoon. On the 1 5th before day.break, they difcovered another ifland bearing N. N. W. about five leagues diftant. They aifo faw a number of oceanic birds. Thefe iflands were at firft imagined to be a part of the New Hebndes, but the captain afterwards believed them to be a new difcovery. They were inlubitrd, as fmoke was feen in fcvcral places, and appeared exceedingly ffrtile. . The rainy weather Aill continued, the wind at S. E. 1 be night was fo very dark that they could . Icarcely fee to fteer, while the fea broke exceedingly high. On the 16th, in addition to their fcanty allowance for dinner, each perfon was indulged with an ounce of fislt pork. There being fome Kttle funfhine, tbey were in hopes of being able to dry their wet ckMtha, but the rain foon returned, with ftrong breesct at S. fi. by 9. The night was very dread-, ful, fo dark that they did not know where they were Aecring, while they had repeated ftorms of thunder aod lightning. Every one complained the next day, having fuf- fered greatly from the exercife and fatigue of the preceding night. The captain was frequently foli- cited for an extra-allowance, but ^knowing the great ncceflity of being oeconomical in this their unhappy fituation, he peremptorily refuAd. How- eytr when thfy fuffered more than ufiial fi& with the greateft patkoce* and having got tbe boa^ which wai fioall i I and deep laden, into fome order, the people wtre divided into watches. Early the next day (May ,) there was a ftrong indication of a florm, by the Scry rednefsof thefun, which began in a (hort time after while the fea ran very high. Their diftrefs and danger were at prefenc very great, particulirly « their bread (which was in bags) was very near beinc fpoilcd. The captain, therefore, ordered all the clothes which could be fpared to be thrown over- board, with fome rope and fpire fails, by utiich means the boat was conliderably lightened, and they were thereby better enabled to bale the water out. As foon as they had an opportunity, they put the bre^d into a cheft which the carpenter very fortunately had on board ; his tool-clicft uas like. wife appropriated to the fame purpofc. The people were now exceedingly wet and cnlj fo that the captain gave each perfon a fpoonful of rum, with a quarter of a brcaiifruit, (which at oihcr times they would not have deemed eatable) for dinner: the captain was refolved to make the pro. vifions lad for eight weeks, and therefore ierinuHr exhorted his men to continue to their agreement. The wind was now from N. E. to E, S. E. and the weather tempefiuous. Tliey were ftiil obliged to keep baling the water, for fear the boat Mould fill; which was very fatiguing: the night wis la very cold, that they could fcarcely make ufe of their limbs the next day : however, they derived grejt benefit from a tea-fpoonful of rum, which thccip. tain at this time allowed each perfon. On the 4th they difcovered a fmall flat ifland of a tolerable height, bearing W. S. W. about Sve leagues difiant. This day each perfon had his (hare of five fmall cocoa-nuts, which was the allowance for all their dinners. About two o'clock they faw other iflandi, and between three and four reckoned about eight, bear- ing from S. round by the W. to N. W. by N. the nearefl being about four leagues difiant. At this time the wind was moderate, and they proceeded to the N. W. by W. between the iflandi. In the evening they difcovered three more ; to the foutb. ward of which, under a rcefed-fail. they llrered. They had this night for fupper a few broktn piccei of bread-fruit ; after which they had a comfuitabie repofe, this night being very fiiir. On the 5th they had a few pieces of yams, whic!i vrere found in the boat, for breakfafl. After this they examined their bread, a great part of which, being damaged, they found loiten, but uliich not' withflanding they were very glad to keep for ulf,j having dined that day on fome of it, and a quitter of a pint of water. In the evening they difcovered two iiUnds, 01:1 bearing W. by S. about fix leagues diflant, and t!>:| other N. W. by N. about eight ditto. They flectei to windward of the northei nmoil, and haviurpiflj it, refumed their courfe for the night to the N. U'] and W. N. W. ' On the tfth tbe wind was very moderate frot the E. N. E. and the weather remarkably fine. Thi faw a number of iflands early in the morning frut 8. S. E. to the W. and round to N. E. by K. The] were refolved to pafs thofe in the N. W. Attwdvi they faw a flnali fandy ifland, about two mileidi tant, bearing from E. to S. a-^thi W. This day each perfon had for his dinner a qoirtej of a pint of cocoa.nut milk, and tbe meat, whici was about two ounces. They were very hippy A having hooked a fifli ) but terribly difsppoioter afterwards in lofing it, while endeavouriog co tikj it into the boat. In the evening the iOands, between which 1 fleered to the NT W. appeared very extcnfivc in fruitful, and of a good height : towards nichttb were very near mtd-wav between them, about I league! dMant from eatpn Aiore. They now fell i wito a coral twalit wbtra tbere wai eoly four fej water, without the any warning. It f< each fide of them, by N. and each pei diinaged bread and They were now order to afibrd mo was to lie down, bottom or the chei which means they w tbit they could fan On the 7th, it h niorning. they had 1 bread for breakfafl. On approacfhing t th«y perceived fome variety of forms. ' in dinl-rent places, 1 wood, was exceeding! being fi me fmall ro< they proceeded betw four leagues to the M very near to the roc lee current, which, t they jpot clear of, hi thit iurrnuBdcd then two large failing cano« in their purfuit, they n tion, as they were appn Thry had now a gre lifbtoing, with light « ofihe canoes gained uj thace in the afternoon, unce of then. it could not be aft liosi o> tiiefe people w< «tr, diuugb they mji iflttrcHurfe, yet, as t (iintiou. It would not kave rim a riik of their By means of the rain, it four o'cluck, they en toDfclerably, having, fc thirft for the fiilf time However they fuffercd iied, being fo ca»reme on Icvcrr fits of cold ibe weal tier became fiJ tkirdtHhes. [ On the Hth they had iilf of pork, a tea-fpocf (ocna-nut milk, and al sere never able to catcf gtfit numbers of theml Ikey cleaned the boal nwy thing as dry as 1 Iter ufual allowance U_ On ihc 9(h, ia the afJ wftrouds for each ml WNiher-cIoih round thJ l«s about nine inches,! thfftern.flimj, which Ihry had very fine ■ ""Hind in the S £. ^ 'kf weather fiiddenly cli, '"vyriin, with thnnd] *we exceedingly wet ai J>-fp"i>nlul of ram. , Jf«eifhcrftiHconti«oa ™» night; however, 1 Jbout t«enty g,||ons 0I Jr *« couajiy difag,? *l'««i to ftecr where tr' *»« thi: waves, for feari •we Iikewife obliged td 7''S 'h« water, the feal <'r Mth perihn bad hJ ,™"". the aMowanfel Kftonwast-jjOiof a No. lit. ^■■•1 : i! \\ 214 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. during which time they were occafionally allowed two tea>fpoonfuls of rum. The rain was at times io very heavy, that they were apprehenfive it would fill the boat, and were conftantly obliged to keep baling, and by the frequent breaking of the fea, they were frequently prevtnted from taking advantage of the rain, by adding fomewhat to their liock offi-eOi water. They were fre- quently filled with horror and difmay, and the captain became apprehenfive that fomc of his peo- ple would perifii. Though the weather became fair about noon on the a 3d, ftill it blew very hard, and the fea was very high : however the wind moderated towards evening, and they eat their icanty fupper with loore cheer than ufual. Tliis night was very fair. On the 34th, for the firft time this fortnight, they enjoyed the comfortable warmth of the fun. They l^npped, and hung their cloches up to dry. They took this opportunity of examining the ilate of their bread, and, according to the confumption that was made, found a futficiency for one month longer, by which time the capuin hoped to reach Timor : notwichftanding which, he thought it neceflary to leflen the allowance, for fear atcrr all they might be obliged CO go to Java, which would occaiion a delay. Having, therefore, rcprcfenccd to his people the propriety of guarding againlt difappointment, and promiilng to increafc the allowance if they made any rapid advances, they all cheerfully acquiefced with the propofal. On the 35th a noddy, which is about the fize of a fmall pigeon, was caught wich chc hand, and being divided into 1 8 (lorcions, was diftributed with the ufual allowance of brcaci and water for dinner. The bones and all were eaten, with fait water for fauce. They caught in the fame manner a bdoby in the evening, which is as large as a duck. This bird ^«aa killed for fupper, and the blood thereof given to three of the men who were the moiV indifpofed. This was divided in the fame manner that the noddy was, and entrails, beak, &c. all devoured. The weather dill continued fine, and they had frefli breezes from the S. E. This day another booby was caught ; the blood of which was given in the fame manner to thofc who were moft in need of nourifhmcnt, and the red dilbibutcd as before for dinner. They now began to.f(fcl a different inconvenience from the change of w eather, fcveral being exceed- ingly languid and faint on account of the powcrfiil heat of tne fun. This evening they were doubFy fortunate, having caught two boobies, the floinachj of which contained feveral fmall cuttle-fifji and flying.fifh. Thefc were all faved for dinner the next day. On the 37th, having pafTcd much drift wood, they deemed themfelves near the reefs of New Hol'land The weather was ftill fair, and they had a freih breeze at E. S. E. This day every perfon thought he had feafled, having a better dinner than they had for fome time, by the diflribution of the two boo. bies and the entrails. From the clouds being now fixed in the W, they were pofitive pi being near land. On the aSth, at one in the morning, the perfon at the helm heard the found of breakers : the captain faw them clofe under their Ice, being fcarc.lya quarter of a mile diftant from them. They immc. diately veered on a wind to the N. N. E. and in a fhort time were clear of them. On the 29th, about nine o'clock, they faw the Ttch of New Holland. On approaching them the wind came at E. while the fea broke furioufly over every part. They were obliged to lie along the line of the breakers. They preftntly found themfelves embayed, and in a critical fituation : for want of (Irength they could do nothing with their oars, fo that they began to think they ^ould be under the necefTiry of attempting to pufh over the reef: how. ever, they happily difcovered a break therein, about a mile's diftance, withjn which was an idand of a moderate height, about the fame diredlion, bearimr W. half N. By means of a flrong (treani running to the weflward, they entered this pafihge, which »a$ about a quarter of a mile broad, with deep water. Being now in fmooch water, within the reefj, they endeavoured to keep near them, to try for fi(h; but the tide fet them totheN.W. therefore they bore away in that dircdion, being determined to land whenever an opportunity ollercd. The ifland which was firft feen Capt. Bligh called Dirciflion Ifland, bearing W. S. W. five leagues, in latitude isdeg. 51 min. .S. Being now within the reefs, and in view of the coalt ofNcw Holland, they returned thanks to God for having enabled them to furmount fo many difh. culties, and began to comfort themfelves with the hope* of being loon able to accpmpliOi their wilhcj. CHAPTER II. ,.;f^^, . '^Temporary Relie/t Ji/ievereJ — Dtfiriptien of the IJland called Rejloratitn—Some Natives feen—Vhe Captain end I Jjit People put to Sea — Embayed — Atutber Party of Natives feen— Their Token of Friendjhip— Captain landt— \ Parties receive Orders—Some of the People diffatisfied—'One becomes difobedient— Captain's Behaviour— Ptatt\ teJlored—Curfory Remarks — Several I/lands paffed-^They proceed from the Ceafi of New Holland to the l/knJ\ of Timer— The People taken ill— Their Joy at feting Timor'—Arrive at Coupang— Attention of the Covtrm^ KTC. &C. SEVERAL parts of the land which they faw were covered with wood. In proceeding towards the fliorc, having fallen in with a point of a reef connedled with that towards the fea, they came to a grapnel, in order to look for fi(h j but were unfuc- cifnful. Having feen two illaitds about four miles to the W. by N. they made for the nearefli but finding it only a heap of (lonei, proceeded to the next, which lay clofe to the other, and towards the main. They found a bay on the N. W. fide, and a tine fandy point to land at. They locked if there were any figns of natives : they faw feme old fire* placet, but nothing to create any apprehenfioni during their flay. One half of the coroptny were now ordered to lleep on (hore, and the tKher half in the boat. They looked for fome oyfleri in the rocks, but it being dark could gather only a few. The night was calm, and thofc on fhore had a very com- forcable reft, though without Are, having no meani tojcindlc one. During the night, one of the gudgeons of thij rudder came our, and was loft. The captain dreaded! this misfortune when at fea, and for fear of the worlU had grummets fixed on each quarter of the boat furl oars : this, however, would have been a dangcrmiil experiment j it was lucky, therefore, that chc acci-l dent happened when they were able to remedy the defed, which happily they did, having found a largcj ftaple in the boat which anfwered the purpofe comM pletely. They made a fire the next day, by the help of l magnifying-glafs, and fortunately found a piece ol brimftoneand a tinder-box, which had been thrown into the boar, and were now of cflential lerviceJ Parties having been out in fearch of oyftcri, rrl turned with a large quantity, and fome frefh watcrj with thefr. fome bread, ahtl a little pork, they madj a ftew in a copper-pot, which they had fortunatelj brought from the veflel. Each perfon had a full piir of thii, and it was highly accepti^ble. Thwi Lieut. W. BLIGH's RETURN in the LAUNCH. «ii Though all the company had fome complaint, vet cnnfidering the difficulties they had undergone, thty were very frivolous. The captain had a levcrc piin in bis ilomach, the reft were afflifled with a weaknefs in their joints, a violent teneimus, dizzi> Dch in the head, &c. &c. Fortunately in the place where they found the ovfters, they difcovered a well, which produced a fufficiency of water during their ftay : there was likewife a fmall run of excellent water on the S. fide of the ifland. During their excurfions they found two huts which were miferably built : alfo a pointed (lick, jbout three feet long, with a flit in the end of it, which the natives ufe to fling flones with. Thefe were fare indications of the place being lately in- hibited. They likewife perceived the track of the bngurno. This ifland is about a league in circumference. It coofiils chiefly of high rocics and flones covered »ith wood : the foil iti very bad, confequently the trees few and fmall. There were feveral parrots, wild pigeons, &c. which made the captain regret the wint of fire-arms. Except the place where they landed, the fliore or this ifland is very rocky. Xhe captain called this ifland Reftoration Ifland, bgth on account of being here the day of the anni- Terfary of King Charles II. and becaufe the title tis fo applicable to their prefent fituation, being rtliored to frefli life and vigour. A quantity of oyflcrs were brought in for fup- ptr, which were dreft as before, and each perfon lad a full pint and a half of ttew. After (upper they divided again, ^r.d the mrty who were to I Iccpon fltore had a gonJ fire ail night. Ihcpork, which had not been Iccured like the bread, having been made away with by fome un- known perfon, the remainder, which wa^ about (to pounds, was divided at once. On the 30th they hiJ this and fome oyflers for dinner, and fbilc fome of the people were out gathering gillen, and filling their wkter veflels, the captain ]iid io the boat, to get it in readinefs for Tea. Having procured about fixty gallons of water I ud fome oyllers, they prepared to embark, when tkcy faw about twenty natives on the oppofite fliore. Lined with fpcars, entirely naked, and apparently blxlc, who began to halloo, and make iigns for tlietn to come to them i they faw the beads of fcve- nl Diore on the top of the hills. I'he captain now I iMDcd it prudent to be off as foon u poflible, for I lor they might be purfued by their canoes. Ac- Igrdioj^ly they dirofted their courfe within two lyi iil^nds. that lie to the N. of Keftoratiun lUisd, paiTing between them and the main land, flotwdi Fair Cape, whici} they were abreaft of by likht o'clock, having a ftroog tide in their favour. lAi light having fleered more towards the W. they littwith low land towards the N. H. I On the 31 ft, before day-break, they found Itafrives embayed, they were therefore obliged Itflaiid back for a flunt time to the fouthward. llWy bad now a low Tandy coaft in view, which Iwapparently barren and deftitute of inhabitants. Ilky faw feveral fmall iflands towards the N. £. Iiknit fix miles diftant : the E. part of the main ring N. four miles, and Fair Cape S. S. £. «it fix leagues. They made for the channel teen the nearefl ifland and the main land, ichwere about one mile afunder : they faw large I of fifh, but could not catch any. Vhile they were pafling thisftrait, they perceived ttbcr party of natives, who were armed with t, and appsrently of the fame form anii colour life thty had feen before. The capuin beck- to them to approach, having laid the boat e to the rocks, but none of them would venture itio two hundred yards of them. Notwith- iiing, they fliouted, and made figns for the and his people to land, waving green 3 . ., Klin branches of the biiflies which were near them, as a tokfen of friendfliiii ; a little furthier off they per> ceived a target- party, whd joined the reft, and be- haved in the fame manner; hdwever, as they were exceedingly numerous, the captain was tefolved not to Und. Perceiving atl iflahd of a gobd hiright, belring N. half W. about four milles diftant, they were re- folved to land there, and fi-om thencie take a furvey of the coaft : they arrived about eight 6'clock in the morning, at this ifland ; the fhore was rncky, but as the water was fmooth, they landed without any difliculty. The captain now ordered two par- ties to go out, one to the Northward, and the other to the Southward, in fearCh of fupplies, while fome were likewife appointed to take carb of the boats; The men being oppreft with weaknefs and fatigue, began to apnear diffatisfied ; fome who were deured to feck fupplies, declared they would rather go without any dinner than be obliged to feek it, ima- gining their employment was more fatiguing than that allotted to their companions : one of thefe was prefuniptuous enough to infult the captain, declar« in^ that he was every bit as good a man. Captaia Bligh perceiving the danger of tolerating fuch info- lence, was determined to check it in time, and ei- ther preli:rve bis authority or die in the attempt ; feizing therefore a cutlafs, he ordered the offender to take hold of another, and defend hlmfelf » find- ing the captain thus defperate, he called out that he was going to kill him, and beginning to recolleA himfelf, immediately madecunceflions : the captain, in order to retain their former peace smd harmony, was fatisfied to overlook it. Thofe who had been in fearch of fupplies, return* ed with fome clams and oyflers, and a few fnfiall dog- fifli that they found in the holes of the rocks ; they were likewife fo fortunate as to obtain a full fupply of water in the hollow of the rocks, on the North part of the ifland. During their examination of the ifland, they found in a fandy bay, an old canoe, about 33 feet long, turned topfyturvy, and half buried in the beach ; it was capable of carrying about twenty men. Not deeming this place fufficiently frcure from the Indians, they were determined to make for a fmall key, which was N. W. by N. and which they deemed the laftft refling-place for the night. This day being Sunday, when they came to this ifland, the captain accordingly named it Sunday Ifland. It lies N. by W. s-^ths W. from Keftora- tion Ifland, in latitude 11 deg. 58 min. 8. Each perfon had this day a full pint and half of flewed oyflers and clams, thickened with fmall beans. After dinner they completed their water | the wea- titer was now very fair,{with a frefli breeze at S. £. by 8. They fleered, according to their determina- tion, for the fmall key, N. W. by N. which they did not reach until it was dark, but finding it im- poflible to land, without running the hazard of flav* ing the boat, on account of a reef of rocks which furrounded, they camcto a grapnel for the night. On the ift of June, at day-break, tb^y got on fliore, and tracked the boat into fliclter : they were now about four leagues diflant from the main. The captain difpatched fome of his men to feeic fupplies, but they could only get a few clams and fume dolichos i they made a n^efii of thefe and fome oyflers, which they brought from Sunday Ifland for dmncr. Another party who had been fent to the eaftem- moft key, returned about noon ; one of them, Nel* fon, the botanift, was taken fo ill, that he was car- ried by two men to the boat. He was affliAed with a violent heat in his bowels, the lofs of his feet and fight, and a great tbirfti this was occtfioned with over exercife during the exceflive heat of the fun. The captain ^ve him fome wine, with pieces of bread foaked in it, by which means he began to re« cover. The boatfwain and carpenter were likewife very I f-iii ^ W '-, m i^'ur l'! !«i m. '■m 'H'-) ii 1 lAte i! 1 'I ,t • nr % h m h^h 2l6 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. Ui 1 1; mm i|9 m mM§l mm wm \'* 1 very ill witji fickncfs of the ftomach and a head-ach. occafioned in a great meafure by eating fomc of the dolicot raw. Several others were exceedingly dif- trcfied with the icncfmus ; in ihort, there was no one free from complaint. This idand was for the mofl part fandy, and con- fequently l»rren, notwithftanding it produced fomc fmall toa trees and others. The captain, in his walk round the ifland, found feveral cocoa-nut (hells, the remains of an old wigwam, and the backs of two turtle. Some of his people alfo found three fea- fowls' ^gs; but there was not the lead fign of any quadruped. There were fifli in the lagoon, but they could not catch any. The captain direded the fire to be made in the thicket, for fear if there were any natives near hand they might be difcovered by its light: however, they did not entertain much apprehenfion, as they intended to make but a Ihort (lay. Several took a comfortable deep, while thofc who were not difpofcd to reft employed thcmfclves in drefling clams for to-morrow's dinner, and likewifc in cutting up fome in flices to bring with them. Particular orders were given that they (hould not make a large fire, or fuffcr it to blaze up after it was dark. The captain now took a walk about the beach, in order to obfervc if the (ire could be feen at 9 diftance ; and while he was confoling himfelf with the idea that it could not, fuddenly the whole ifland appeared in a blaze. The captain immediately returned to learn the caufe, and under(tood that one of his men obftinately determined, in fpiteof MelT. Samuel and Peckover, whom the captain had ap> pointed fupcrintendants, to have a fire to himfelf, in kindling which the flames rapidly fpread among the neighbouring grafs. The captain cxpreffcd imich difplcafure at fuch mifcondudt, fpr had there been any natives near hand, it miglit have been attended with fiital confequences. About eight o'clock Mefl*. Samuel and Peckover went out to watch for turtle, while three others went to the E. key to endeavour to catch birds. The refl being indifpofed took their rcfl, except Mefl!*. Hayward and Etphinflone, who were appointed to keep watch. Thofe Mho had been feeking birds returned at midnight, having jpJt only la noddies : one of them (Robert Lamb) having (rparated from his companions, diilurbed the birds, otherwife they might have caught a arnt number. The captain was exceedingly provoked with this man for fuch imprudence : afterwards, when they came to Java, he acknowledged that while he was by himfelf he bad eaten nine birds raw. MrfT. Samuel and Peck> overbad watched for turtle till three o'clock, with, out any fuccefs. Tbev half drcfTcd the noddies, that they might keep the better; thcfe and a few clams being all the fupply that they could procure here. The captain fattened fonK pieces of iron, and a few brafs buttons, to a tree, fer the natives ; and, having enjoyed a comfortable night's reft, prepared tor their departure at dawn of day. On the ad they proceeded to the N. by W. with a S. E. wind : the fea became exceedingly rough, after they had proceeded two leagues to the north- ward. In the morning they met with a large ftioal, on which were two fandy keys : they pafled on to the northward, between thercaiid two others which were four milca to the W. the roughncfs of the (ea ftill continuing. At twelve o'clock they fell in with lix other keys, which produced fome brufli.wood and fmall trees. The counci7 •ppurcd exceedingly hilly, while the northemmoft land wu Hoping to- wards the Tea. There was a flat-toppcd hill nearly abrcaft them, which the capiaia called Pudding Pan Hill, on account of its llnguhur fliape : two others, which lay a little t* the northward, he nancd the Paps. It was impoflible for the captain to maltc minute obfcrvAiions, or ifceriain the qepih of wMcr, being ■gc an deprived of tht necelTary medns : indeed^ if they had been in polibpion of their fathom linesj &c. it could not have been ekpciftcd that they would have made any delay in fuch a critical (ituatibn. This day each perfon had Ibr dinnei* his fair divjk fion of fix birds, with the allotted allowance of breaj and water: Nelfon, who was recovering apacci uj. albwcd half a glafs' of wine. At firft their allow ance was ifTued by guefs j but the captain^ wiiii„ " to be both cxtii andimpartial. had lately contrive^ a pair of fcales with two Cocda-nut (helb, and having accidentally fome piflol balls in the boat, oncc^ which weighed aya grains, this was adopted as thj proportion of weight which each perfon was to re ccive of bread, &c. Hitherto they had regulated their time by the gunner's watch, which this day unfortunately ftop. ped, fo that they could only juclge of time by noon" fun-rife and fun.fi;t. ' The weather was now very fair, and they had frefti breezes from the S. S. E. and S E. while thci flood to the N. by W. they had more fea, being Jcfs (heltered by the reefs which lay to the.cakcd one. To the WM diftinguilhed byi northward and weftward of the Bart Iflands the coafl is high and woody, with a broiiei appearance. There were apparently frveral co modious places lor fliipping, and fVne Imvi. Thi captain called the northernmoft ol the/e ifland, Wedncfday Ifland, (this day being Wedncfda»)| They (iell in with a large reef to the N. W. of tM ifland : this the captain fuppofes joined a numb ol keys, which thty had in view from the N. V to the E. N. E, They flood to the S. W. hailj league; their iMitudc lotteg. 31 min. S. Wtdne day Ifland bearing E. by S. Ave milea; the weftcn, mofl land in fight, about three leagues diOant: ^\^ iflands to the northward from N. W. by W. to 1 E. and the reef from W. co N. E. about one mil diftant. This day each perfon had flx oyfters, in addicioi to his (hare ofbmd and water for dinner. Whiie fleering to the U. W. r>wards the weften moft part of the ifland, in fight, in the sfterno they fcM in with ibme large (and banks, that 1 oft" fron the coa*. The captain railed thi« Shoj Cape, in order to get round thefe flioala, the) we| obli^ loiteer to the noNhwtard again; afier wh thqr proceeded to the W. (*(tjj Befi LiEur. W. B LiGH's RETURN to ENGLAND. 217 Bcl'irc it was dark they arrived to a rock, which I vv iia I inillakcn tor a fmall ifland that appeared I '•,;„;, W. It abounded, wiih boobies, and was r', lore called Boohy Ifland, both by Capt. Bligh. I 1,0 at this time was iguorunt that it had been fccn Ihlore and alio by Capt. Cook, who took the fame I tU'of i" ^•^'"t' ''^"^ rtlorted to by thd'c birds. iTot Bligh altcruards iin.i-incd that the opening, I ich he cilleil the Hay ot lllands, was Kn.tcavour I Traits •""' '^"' ^'"■■''' "^^"^ ^*'^ ^"■'^" '" '^*'" "''"''" 1 aril .h lemaiiicd, they hadoccafionally tbnie tea fj oonfuli, tVoni which they derived much beiiclit. Having met with a quantity of bads and rot k-weeJ, they knc.v they were not far from land : the caj tain, however, was aware that there Wtre ievcral illanus between the K. part of 1 inior and New CJiiiiiey. 1 hey expc- rii'iiced more cafe and coinforc this night than be- fore, the wind having abated conliderably. On the I ith ap extra allowanceofwaier was given to thole who molt required it. The people were exceedinj;ly cheerful il.is day, having palled the eallcrn part of Timor. 1 iiey faw feveral birds, and being upon the watch caught a boobv in the evening, which they kcjU for dinner the next dav. . On the nth they faw Timor, tlic light of which created univcrfal joy. it then boie from W. S, VV. to W. N. W. Having hauled on a wind to the N. N. E. till day-light, the land bore from S. W. by S. toN. E. by N. about two leagues diftant from ftiore. Tnry now began to-confuk-r the great goodnefs of Providence, in being able with luch poor allow- ance to reach this coall in 41 d.iys in an open boat, a dilh-incc of 3618 miles tVoin Tofoa, and that not one of them during luch difticfs and danger had perilhetl. They could hardly believe their luccefs, and with grateful hearts attributed this miraculous deliverance to divine grace. Not being able to proceed N. E. with the wind, they bote away alter day-light along ihore to the S. S. W. The country, which exhibited feveral beautiful fituations, was exceedingly delightful : as there were only a tew fmall huts to be leen, it was therefore fuppoled that no European inhabited this part of the idand. It was impofTible to land, as there was much (ca running on the (Lore. 'Jhe booby which had been caught the preceding day was now divided for dinner. The weather became very ha/y, and the wind blew frelh at E. and E. S. E. They proceeded during the afternoon along a low fliow, where there were no figns of cultivation, though covered with a quantity of palm trees. The country, however, improved by fun-fct, anU they perceived feveral great fmokes. Captain Bligh deemed it moft prudent to keep this lituation till the next morning, for fear they might run pafl any fcttlement during the niL;ht : they therefore brought-to under a clole-reefcd foic- fuil. They were about half a league diftant from fliore, in (noal water. Alter their ufual allowance for fupper, they enjoyed a little fltep, as the boat lay-to very well. On the 13th, very early in the morning, they wore and flood in Ihore till day.li^;hi, having drifted during night about three leagues to the VV'. S. W. They now examined the coa(>, but there being no appearance of a fettlcmcnt, they bore away to the weftward, with a flrong Ufccze againll a weather current, which occationcd much fea. The weather was now foul and hazy. Awhile the llicre was high, and covered with wood j but afterwards they had low land. In the forenoon they perceived the • 3 1 coaf^. M. r^ ^'i' 2l8 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVKJ.S. Li coaft, inclining towards the S. part thereof bcarin;; W. S. W. half W. high iind appeared at the l.imc time in the S. VV. 1 hey flood towards rhc outer land, which they difcovercd to be the Ifland Roti. Havin^T returned to the ftiorc they had left, they brought to a grapnel in a fandy bay, for the fake of making more minute obiervations on their [irertnt iituation. During their Hay here, ihcy pcrtcivid leveral great fmokes, anc* 'he carpenter and malUr being very felicitous to go in fearch of fiipplies, the captain at laft gave his permilfion : however they loon altered their mind, as they found no other in the boat inclined to join them. Having made as cxacl a calculation as they could, they continued fleering along fliorc. The country now appeared exceedingly beautiful, covered with wood and a quantity of fan palm trees, which ap- peared like cocoa-nut walks. During the afternoon the weather was dark and hazy, and they had a flrong breeze at E. S. Iv They now ran through a very dangerous breaking IIm, occafioncd by a flrong tide ferting to w indward, and fhoal water; after which, they faw a tine luy, with a good entrance, about three miles wide. As this pioniifed well, they came to a grapnel near the E. lide of the entrance, inafmall fandy bay, where tlicy perceived a hut, fomc cattle, and a dog. In order todifcovcr the inhabitants, the boat- fwain and gunner were iiimndiately flnt to the hut. They returned in a fliort time with five of the na- tives, and reported that they had found two lamiliis, and were received by the women with Kuiopean politenefs. The natives informed the captain that the governor n lided at a place called Coupang, fome dillance to the N. E. Thefc people brought them a few pieces of dried turtle, and fomc ears of Indian corn, which was the more valuable gift, as the turtle was fo hard that it requrrAl to he well foakcd in hot water before it could be eaten. They oflercd to bring other refrefliments, but the captain was unwilling to make any delay, and having figni- ficd to one of thefe men, that if he would cntrr the boat and fhcw them the way to Coupang, he fhould be amply rewarded for the trouble, the native to whom the propolal was made with thegreatefl gfxid- nature complied, and about half p-fl four they laittd, keeping dole to the E. fhorc, under all their fa.l, by the direi'tion of their pilot. On the approach of night, the wind dying away, they had recourfc to their oars, which, notwith- (landing their weaknefs, they were able to make fomc ufeof: however, as their progrcfs was flow-, they came to a grapnel about ten o'clock, ahd, fftr the firfl time, each pcrfon had a double allowance of bread, with a little wine, for fuppcr. The natives whom ihcy had iccn were of a dark fawny colour, with long black hair. Their ditli confifled of a fquare piece of cloth round the hips, in the folds of which a large knife was fluck, and another hanging by the four corners from ihtf fhouldcrs, which ferved as a pocket for their beetle equipage, which they were continually chewing. On the 14th, after a comfortable repofc, they weighed early in the morning, and continued to keep the E. ftiorc on board, in very fmooth water. I laving pafTcd an ifland to the wcflward, which the pilot called Fulo Samon, they wefe again to fca. The northern entrance of this channel it near two miles wide, with apparently deep water. It is impoflible todclcribethe pleafurc which was felt in hearing two cannon which were fired. Some fliort time alter they perceived two fquare-rij^ijcd vefTcls ami a cutter at anchor to theeallward. They endeavoured to work to w indward, but lofing groiuul on each tack, they were obliged to take to their o.irs again. Keeping clofc to the r:ore, they ro«ed till about four o'clock, when they brought to a grjprKl, and had another allowance of bread and wine When they had refled, they weighed, and rowed till it was day-light, when they catne to a grapnel off a fmuU fort and town, which their pilot informed then was Coupang. made ,1 rci, In the courfe of their palFage they had fmall jack of fome fignal flags ufed by boJtsV^ fhcw the depth of water in founding, which -K* boatfwain had fccured out of the Bounty, 'j ^J were hoiflcd in the main-fhrouds, as a fignal of dif trcfs, the captain being unwilling to land without previous permifHon. They were hailed to land a little after day-brcat byafoldier. Accordingly they did; when they lounrf themfelvcs furrnunded by a number of Indians Captain Bligh was exceedingly happy to find an l-.nglifh failor, who Ix-longed to one of the vtfi;.| in the road, and whofe captain was the fccond per* fon in the town; to whom he requtfled to be cor" dueled, being informed that rhi* governor was fo iir that 110 one could Ipeak to him. This captain's name was Spikerman, who, ijp^„ hearing Capt. Bligh's misfortunes, behaved with d' greatefl humanity, and gave immediate orders th,,- the people in the boat fliould be taken to hisimn houle, where, for they were fcarcely able to w,,| they were afTifled, and a comfortable bicakluii t' bread, butter, and tc}, provided. ' Capt. Spikerman went himfclf to the governor Mr. William Adrian Van Ette, to know what nnc would be the mofl convenient for Cipr. i,]^,,^ ,^ fee him. The governor appointed eleven o'(l\,^. but, notwithflanding his extreme ill ht.nlrn, he wjj fo anxious about Capt. Bligh, that i.e Uw h.i'i that time, and received him in a manf.tr iiui and affec'tionate, declaring, that thoi ^h h;i Ji of health would not permit hun tv arl ihr 1 himfelf, yet he would iiUie luch directions tlui thcr Capt. Bligh nor his people ihould \\y.,x ,,, alUflancc. For the captain, ho ordered a hoult be immediately prepared, and laid that his ^0 fhould be either ai-commodatcd at the hofpuj) „, on board Capt. Spikerman's vefTel, whichever »i| more agreeable. He likewifc gave djrciiions th; vic'luals Ihould be (ireffcd for them at hisown hnujo and regretted that Coupang could not aflbrd thti better accommodations. The captain, on his renirn to Capt. Spikerman' houfe, found that every attention had been (nid i his-people, particularly in ref|)edt toapiwrd. Ilfni then coiiduc'ted to the houfe intended lor him, ^^'.■J fervants were in readincfs to attend hiin,.fin(!;r. ■ fpacious and convenient, he deflred his own y<.v] to be lodged with him, appropriating oncapm ::ii to his own ufc, another to. the mailer, fur'-ni Nelfon, and the gunner ; the left to tre »'(■ officers, and the outer apartment to the mr hall was free for the officers, and a piazza, by »hii the houfe was furrounded, to the men. When t governor was apprized of the captain's inton-i, he immediately rent furniture, and every neidli which was required, having defircd the Vapiam let him know whatever he wanted, hv conimnn ting his wifhes to his fon-in law, Mr. 'Yimuh. Wanjon, who was equally alliduoui m rendfri. every thing as comfortable and agreeable as poflibj Capt. Bligh dined with Mr. \\ an|on, having feen his own people enjoy a hearty meal on a , dinner which was fent to them by the pover The captain retired very foon tohischambcr,(Hhi was furnilhed with every convenience) in order fianake of that refl and quirtnefs which wcrcfo ential towards the re-eflablifhment of his hcaiiK As foon as an opportunity offered, C»pt. Bli f)refented to the governor a forrtial account of ofs of the Bounty, with a c^omplete dcfcriptivc of the mutin(^er.4„ rcqucfliiTg that inflruCliona mil be fent to all the butch fettlemenis to flop thev in his Majefly's name if fhc made her appearanci Nelfon obtained leave of the governor tocupi the plants of the country, as the place wa« L abound with many curious and medicinal pi however he was prevented by fevcre indifpifi from avaiHng himfelf ef this inJulgcncc. lie, I all the reft who were ill, were confl.intly attr by Mr. Max, the town fitrgeon, whofe kinJnof. aacntion were rcnurkabie. Cil I Dt fir! f lion afCoupa) c/Mr. Wanjon— 1 ^They embark— i jl polite Reception TJir. fettlemcnt the Dutch hav I formeil in the year jiticrenf parts of the Ijilcincnt on the N pioiluce of the placi I jbr latter is in greal I -iigis fituatcd Ilia Uid for fliipp'i'g. lodcg. 1 2 mm. S. lubii the neighbour! ,„jolcnt difpolition, L,|iitle advantage o| j„ HI fmall Chmeli l,3,ihcn. There is .1 (iniiitry (xople, but ' I T!k' in'^"'^ |»cople a ,.„,cly dirty, which I p-jnj difcales. Thej I £uroi>canj. The king of the if I ^b, the Dutch called Iflif iilace of his.ref Jiki.h is about four [Hfdifs not bear an o»mg. « '•'* TiMch ptrtuguefc on the N ,(,fil war broke out Irt nephews, which ( J ibcn It ^3* fettled r; [Tlitfc diflurbances v Jk*s'o the ifland, hs LfOMlions, which, th x■■^'> '' ""' likely ti ' lj-:- Bligh. during ;rJui«f to the king .V^T.atell civility. , , J Indi.tn corn i5;;;.ii'Jered to be |,r -Mly man ; I round hu watfl, with |„xn jacket, and a J ttcl:"li;s dwelling w tirtf apartments, and \iR\vm was more ag .t!.h, together with Hf«Js attended by a rticftments with the IfKi, '"'I having mu Ji;;h,i I rcfcnt of a rou [BKlitiiiiatnctcr, where |l!jiti[.«l, which he p III mum made him a | m% acreptable, was Ipcmitcr into thfii* liq Jimcd, ar' ■ 'pah.c > . (axtimi, without bein^ ChtiHunily has bee |t!» have taken much | Itwit has not gained litiglibourhood of Cou Inichridcncd by the mi \kx is I5:icchce Bnim ICiiopjnjj Uit the nativ lippomtcd to perform d liyn being tranllated I Fruit i< in great plen Ikjii-lrmt tree, which JofOiaheitc; but i loMuiih fiigar and m da! that at Otaheite, Ihitof Timor wcij'jis I H ,d lai he \ 1 C( P Lieut. VV. B L I G H's RETURN to E N G L A N D. 2ig TJJF. fcttlcmcnt at Coupang, being thq only one the Dutch have on the ifland of Timor, was f fiiieil in t*'*^ y*^'"' '^3°- '^^^V ^^^'^ relidcnts in Clicreiit parts otthe country. There is a Portuguefc I'ltlcinciit on the N. lidc of the illand. The chief i^c of the place is fandal wood and bees. wax : Cr latter is in greater plenty. The town of Coii- ' in; is (ituatcd 111 a great b:iy, which is an excellent r V (,,r (liinDinir. The town lies in latitude ives, or thofe who in- j;|for fl.ippmg. The t ,]£,r. u mm. J). Incnui lOll'b' Uit the neighbourhood of Coupang, arc of a very liitlo advantage of. Their trade is chiefly carried idol' cnt ilifpolition, which the Chinefc have taken , , :., ,. • ; CHAPTER III. nffflptlon af Coupang— 'The Settlement — King of the I/tand—C,3pt. Bllgh int reduced to him — Wis Reception, &c. '^Cuflo""' ^'' "f^^" Pl^c' — The Captains Intention of hiring a Vejfel—Purchafes a Schooner by the AJfijiance tfhir. Wanjon—Tbis Gentleman^ s Attention — Death and Burial of David Nelfon — The Schooner ready for Sea i-They embark— Leave Coupang — An affectionate Jjeave — Several I [lands feen, &c. — /InchorofPaJfourzuang— A polite Reception from Van Rie — Defcription of the Place — Conducted to Sourabya — Arrival at Uatavia. the fame (izc at the other place. There is alfo an- other kind ot bread-fruit tree, which produces feeds like the windfor beans, and which arc equally the fame to the talle. 'J here is a rcfcmblancc of language between the natives of this place and thofe of the South-Sea idands. The captain alfo law fonie ollcrings of baikcts of beetle and tobapco placed on their graves. When .1 kiiijT dies, there is a large feafb prepared, to which .ill the people are invited : then, after a few days, the corpfe is put into a coflin, wherein it is cloliii up, and kept three year., before it is buried. (;.ipr. IJIigli, in order to fecurc his arrival ,\t Bica- via b' lore the Oclobcr fleet failed for Euro|>e, ;^avc publii- notice of his intention to hirea velfel to ton- vey them there. Several propofals were therefore m.ulc, but the dcniands were exorbitant ; the cap- tain therefore deemed it better to purchafe a fmall fchooncr in the roSd, which was 34 feet long, for which he ^ave 1000 rix-dolJars. Mr. VVanjp/i cheerfully took upon himfelf to \nl'vver this demand, th<; captain finding it fome. nat dilTicult to raif(p money. This gentleman alio provided him with piopcr means of defence, the coafl of Java being frequently infellcd with fmall piratical velTels. The captain, tlurelore, received of Mr. W'anjon, as a loan, to be returned at Batavia, four brals IwivcJ guns, and 14 Hand of fmall arms, with I'ufFicient ammunition. This Ithooncr, which received the name of his Majcdy's fchooner Refource, was immediately litied for fra. In the mean time the governor fcnt the captain a prcfent of fome fi{ie plants, which, for want of furticient room in the packet by which lie returned to Kurnpt, the captain was unfortunately obliged to leave at Batavia. Mr. Wanjon likewifc delivered him fome feeds, for his Majclfy's g^rJl;n at Kew ; wluth were accordingly delivered : alfo fome of the mountain rice, cultivated at Timor MO the dry land, uhich was forwarded to his MajcUy's botanic garden at St, Vincent, and tithcr parts in the Well Indus. On the aoth of July Mr. David NcIfon, the bo- tanill, died of an inflammatory fLVcr. Ihc captain fmcerely regretted the lols of this valuifbie and good man. He was interred the next tlay, behind the chapel, in the hurying-grouiid appiopriatcd to the Europeans of the town. The body was carried Uy twelve foldiers drefled in black, preceded by tfjc n»ini(lcr ; Capt. Bligh followed next, and Mr. Wap- jon, the fecund governor j then ten gentlemen of tt\c town, aiwl «b« officers of the harbour; alter whojp Capt. HIigh's officers and people. On the 19th of Auguif, the fchooner beipg re- vii'^tuallcd and ready for fca, notice thereof was jiitloaiiva jn fmall Chmcfc vclTcIs, from 10 to 30 tons i tarihen. There is a fmall market at Coupang for iintry iJtople, but very little bufincfs is done in it. ' T|^. inland |)cople are ftrong and aiffivc, but ex- i cmtly '''f^y> which confcquently fubjeds them to r^„.. jifcales. They live at a diftancc from the fiifoiicai"- ' The king of the ifland, or chief of the natives, I ; b, (he Dutch called Keyfer, fignify ing an emperor. 1^ place of his.rcfidcnce is called BackcnnofTy, k h ii about four miles dilUnce from Coupang. Ufd.Tes not bear an entire fway over the natives, finL', a* ^^^ Dutch report, to the intrigues of the Ljuguefc on the N. fide of the ifland. In 1786 f„il war broke out between the king and one of L^tphews, which did not terminate till 1788, ilun It was fettled rather in favour of the king. fl^fc difturbances were exceedingly difadvanta- Kots to the ifland, having occafioned a fcarcity of Lilions, which, through the indolence of the t:'M, '' ""' likely to be foon remedied. ^;j-'. Bligh, during his flay at Coupang, was in- -l^ifi to the king of the ifland, and received with I !i|,,T>3ttll civility. Kcfreflimenrs of tea, rice cakes, L,"j Imliin corn, dried buffalo Hcfli, arrack, &c. t;:, or-Jered to be laid before him. The king was L!'.;cily man; he had a cheque wrapper girded Lind his waift, with a filk and gold belt, a loofe lOT atket, and a coaric handkerchief about his Jtirii.s dwelling was a large houfc, divided into ,l,^3j,irtincnts, and furroundcd by a piazza. The \^:ivM\ ^*^* more agreeable than the houfc itfelf, •hJi, together with the furniture, was very dirty. Ht « Js attended by a few chiefs, who partook of the rtiel^mcntj with them ; after which the king re- \vA »"'' having made but a fhort Hay, returned |,;;h 1 ircfcnt of a round pUte of metal about four jiKlitit!i3i"ctcr, whereon the figure of a fiar was [ (roped, which he prefcnied to the captain, who Lrfiuiii made him a prcfent of fome arrack, which king airrptabic, was well received. They never iHitsjtcrintothrii- liquor, and being thereto accuf- liciiKil, ar' ' q>al)lc ( ! drinking a large quantity at Iwlinii, ithout being overcome. Chriftunity has been introduced by the Dutch, libohivc taken much pains in eflablifhing it: how- |(wit has not gained much ground, except i;i the iKigtibourhood of Coupang. The king of the ifland Inichrillened by the name of Barnardust his Indian iBiKis Baichec Bannock. There is a church at ICoupni; for the natives, and a Malay clergyman |j|ipointcd to perform divine lerviee there, thefcrip> |lgrn being tranllatcd into the Malay language. Fruit i< in great plenty at Timor, particularly the Ikjii-lrmt tree, which is as common here as in the [iJindofOtalicite; but it is not ufcd as bread, being loim«iih lugar and milk. It is exaflly the fame liiiKlas that at Otaheiic, but not fo good. A brcad- IkuQl Tinior wri^'jis half as much more a* one of fpvcn. Capt. Bligh took aji aiiec^iionatc leave of the lofpitat, and friendly inhabitams of Coupang; and havihg * i If Ifland, which bore N. W. by N. about lour leagues dinanc. This illanil is about four leagues in cir- cumference, and appears very irregular and crtgG;y. The land near the (liorc is low and woody, and on the S. W. part of the illand there is a curious high peak. On the 27th they were neat- the Straits of Mcn- garyn : they then fteercd for the ftr.iitsof Sapi, in- tending to pafschroogh^ but there being ftrong cur- rents fettingto the S. E. for .it of fuHicicnt wind to enable them to Item, they were obliged to decline their intention. Accordingly, they ftcercd again for the Straits of Mengaryn, and on the 29th, being favoured with a frclh breeze from the S. S. E. they ran through them in the afternoon. After which they kept to the weftward, and ran along the N. lide of the illand Sunibawa, near the coalV of which is a very high mountain, and at the foot many runs of good water, by which vcllcls may be readily fupplied. On the night of the jifl they kept diligently under arms, as feveral proas were fecn rowing about them. On the 3d, 4th, and 5th, they continued failing along the N. lldc of the Illand Lombock, on which there is a very high mountain : indeed the ill.iiids hereabouts are generally dilHnguilhed by high mountains. This ifland appears to be exceedingly well covered with wood. During the nights of ihcfc three days they pcrv:cived fires upon the high lands, at a didancc from the coalf. The high land of Cape Sandana was fecn in the afternoon of the 6th, which istheN. E. part of Java. This is . low cape, projecting from the high land already noticed : it appeared in latitude 7 deg. 46 min. S. in longitude from Coupang 1 1 drg. 3.$ min. W. They ^crc olf this cape the next day, a -l fleered to the wcllward a'ong the creifl of Java. On the loth, at noon, they anchored off PaiFour- wang, which is a Dutch (ettlement on the coall of Java, in two fathoms, about half a league dittaii: from Ihorc; the entrance of ^hc river bearing S. W. This coafl is fo exceedingly Ihoal, that large vrlFeh are obliged to anchor about four miles diUant from land. As foon as the vciTel was fccurcd, the captain went in his boat on fhore. A few mangrove bufhes were growing on the banks of the river, near the entrance, which were muddy. They faw foinc hogs running among thcfe, and others which were dead, and in fuch a putrilied flate as to render the place '.xcccJ. ingly ottcniive, and make the captain hcartiiy forry of having approached it. When they had gone about a mile up the river, (the courfc of which was ferpcntmc) they difcovereda very pleafant country. Having landed at a fmall but well-conflruded fort, they met with a very cordial reception from the commandant, M. Adrian Van Rye. The captain now took a pilot to condud them to Sourabya, having fcnt on board a fmall bullock, and other provilions, by the return of the boat. The country of Paflburwang is very well, culti- vated, and the houfes neatly built. Rice is the chief produce of this fcttlemcnt, of which large quantities arc exported. It appears to be a well- regulated bufy fcttlemcnt. They have good roads, and ports arc cflablilhed along the coafl. There arc but few Dutch here, but a great number of the Javanefc: thrir chief mdntaini great fplendor and magniliccncc. Paflburwang lies in latitude 7 deg. 36 min. S. in longitude i deg. 44 min. W. of Cape Sandana. On the nth, about noon, they failed, and in the evening of the next day anchored in about fc\cn fathoms in Sourabya road, wh< - they found fcven fquarc-rigged and feveral fmali veflcU riding: the flag-daff bore S. i-4th W. about one mile dillant from fliorc. It was now too late to fend a boat on fiiorc. 4 On the 13th, before it wasday-light,thrce .ni, 1 boats, agreeable to the general orders whirh '" ifl'ued here concerning the firll arrival of .il| ii *'*^ velUls, ftationed then;fclvcs near the Relourcc""'' informed the captain that he muft neither lan'i "'"^ fend a boat on Iborc till j)crmil?lon was fmr ui""' was not till nine in the evening , whertunnn ,1'' guard-boats immediately left them. '""'he I he governor, M. Ant. Ij.ukay, and M iV H r coniiiiandant of the troops, received the ' with great civility. Theic gentlemen behu,!}"'''" ceedingly kind and holpitablv, and aiK,r Vf' captain to rem.iin till the 16th; when he vu.Mn" 111 Ids danger of pirates, as fome armed veil,! ' to lail at that time, with whom he nii.rh *"' company. ° '"'p Ihis place being fituated on the banks of a ,;. about a mile and a half dillant from the fliorr 17' the flag-llall can be feen from the road Vofi Tf- 100 tons burthen can luvi^alc the rixer w, k / up to the town. On one lide the bank is v,,v ' ' modious for tracking. There is a LonliJcral,', ?"]' carried on here by the Chinefe. who have a uul ' the fide ol the river oppolite to Sourah^ " The country is exceedingly pleafant" n„r ,■ town: It IS Hat, and the lo,l l.jrht, („ th., ,1 "■■ plow with a lingle bullock. Thev have a (,ne I ' o» hdrfes, which are very handfome. and ren,.r k llrong, chough fmall. A number of lk-rj[ ink« the interior parts ol the country ne:ir'^T mountains, on which account travcllim' inUi very dangerous. ^ ''""' '» Capt., lilif-h was introduced by M. Barku M.de Uolc to two of the principal Javaneir ri were attended withirvera! men, whow,rc,;''! with p.kes. and arranged in gre..t n.iliurv J 1 here wa» a concert of niufic here for ihoir Z tainn.ent, which confined of (ongs. drun... ,,^ liddlc with two nr.ngs. C:apt. Uligh hired 'a Im here to conduct them to Batavia. '^ ' 1 lev lelt Sourabya on the 17th, in company « IK three pioas. About noon they anchoitd at ( L a town belonging to the Dutch, with a fnull ,,,7' Ilavii.g llaid about two hours here, ihtyucjr 1' 1 his place was in latitude 7 deg. 9 „„„. s. m L , tude .rom Cape .Sandana i deg. 55 mm W On the 1 8th they palled the Straitsof Mr,',r, along the coall of Java Their foundin.s «,rf r' gular all the way to bamarang, off which i.laee thri anchored in the aftcrmion of the ;«d. 'Ihc flioalnifs of the coalt renders the roail Sairarang exrwdingly inconvenient, Inuh 01, nrJ louiit of the landing, which is in a river that .n not be entered before half flood, and on accour, the great dillance that large veflcl. .whereof the fliorc'' *'''"' """'bcO >« obliged to lie Iron, ij Capt. llligh was met at the landing.plare bv iJ equipage mailer, who provided him wiihacaif J to the governor's houfc, which was about tuo mj from the town of Samarang. The captain r.oudlJ leave to recruit their provilions, and get a lu-;, ni.n] mall, having Ibrung theirs in the pallige Irom Su rabya: pcrniiflion was accordingly granted '1 he town of Samnrang is welllortilicd • it is id rounded by a wall and a ditch, and ncu t>i jjjtJ is the molJ conliderabic Icttlement that the DutJ enjoy in Java. Proulions are cxctfcdim.lv di here. 1 heir building, arc grjd. Theyhav. excellent hofpital; and a public fchool, miend chiefly for mathematical inftrudion. 'Ihcy hd alfo a good theatre. Saniarang lies in lati'tude 6 deg. c-j min. S longitude from Cape Sandana 40 deg. 7 imn U'J The governor having dircded a galley mounti fix fwivcls to accompany the Rehiurce, they | Saiiiarang together on the 26th, and on the illl (October anchored in Uatavia road. Lieut. W. B Li GH's RETURN to ENGLAND. 231 CHAPTER IV. >M)fl Blilff'j Introdutlion to the Sabander and Gjiiemor-Central of Batavia — Meets with a folite Reception l^fji, Requejis granted^The Captain taken ill — Removed to a Country-Houfe — Somewhat better — Obliged ta Titaratefrtm hit PeopU^Death of Thomas Hall — Examination &c. of the Officers and People— Captain Bligh, bti CUrk, and a Seaman embark on Board the Vlydte Packet— Paffage to England— Conclufu n. TH E Captain having landed at a houfe near the river, where it is cudnmary for Grangers .0 mA give ao account of themreives, went on (hore in '^* afternoon. He was introduced to ur Englehard, the fabander, by a Malay gentlc- ,1, whufe refidence was in the environs of the "„' on the fide neaieft the (hipping. ^'[,£ fabander conducted the captain to the go- jjQf.general, from whom he met with a v^ry Llite reception. The captain informed l.iin of ^Ithe circumftances relating to the mutiny, &c. td r.qufftfd his excellency's permiflion to embark ^li^gril vrlTel that failed for England : previous I which he alfo requeued that his people might IL liken care nf, and that he fhould have leave to dilpofe 0^ '''* fchooner and launch. The governor- l«ctr'' chearfully complied with thefc rccjuefts. Ir^2in Bligh then took his leave, and having Rturnccl with the fabander, all the articles he \tiA<& were committed to paper in due form, in lodcrtu belaid before the council the fuccecdiog CiiXiin Bligh had brought from the governor . Ciiupang, addrefl'ed to the governor-general at jjtivia, a full account of his voyage and dillrclTes, fLi.-h hid ''cen tranQated into Dutch, according igj,( captain's information. The captain, during his flay at Batavia, lodged Igilarge hotel, which is entirely appropriated to ^ulc of flrangers: flrangcrs not being allowed pitlidcat any other place. Notwilhftanding it L((g]tcd near the great river, in the moft whole- |,[(jnd airy part of the city, yet owing to its g„(fl)C heat, the captain was taken very ill in the ij(|)t, with a violent pain in his heatl. Od'ihe 2d the fabander and Captain Bligh at- Miicd the council, who fat at nine o'clock in the y^ge, and complied with every thing the cap- Tl; ciptain's iodifpofition cncreafed very much ghii return to the hotel, and a violent fever en- y. Thr fabander, apprifed of his fituation, im- „o,i>(|y brought Mr. Aanforp, the head-fur^enn bibctown-hofpital, to fee him: in the courle of L iiay the fever abated, but the head ach Rill lnucd. The captain was invited this day to .»iih the governor-general, but was prevented kisindifpoution. Ilccipt^in folicited permiflion to hire a houfe tht country, as he ftill retained a fevere head- owiog to the clofcnefis and heat of his lodging ibc hotel. His exc«ltency not onhr complied bis rrqueft, but immcdiktely iflued orders Jtlbould be accommodated at the houfe of ■ Spirliug, the ph^fician or for^on-general, ih »» about four miles from the city. Uomis Hall, one of the captain's men, being uf a flux, was likewife fent with permiiTion tht couDtry-hofpital, which building is very ind convenient. Oi the 6th the captain was conveyed at fun-rife Mr. Sparling's houfe, where every accommoda- lis prepared. He was fo benefitted by the igtof air, that in the evening he was able to ivifit to the governor-general, with Mr. Spar- , It oQc (i| his tountry-icats, where he found rout) company ^ all the ladies being attired iIk Malay f'aihton, and richly ornamented. Se> o< the company Invited the captain to their [ty-houles, and fume very kindly pi effed him ukc their rclidcnce his abode till his health rc- [Otiia Bligh dill continued very ill, and Mr. : . (binkii)g it ncccffary, towarai the re-clU- blifhment of his health, that he (hould leave Batavia as foon as polTible, reprefented his fituation to the governor-general, who was of opinion that the homeward-bound veflels were fo much crowded, that it would be impofilble for all the captain's Eeople to be accommodated in one fliip, therefore e deemed it the moft commodious and bed way, to fend them home in different veiTels. A fepara- tion being thus unavoidable, the captain refolved upon following the advice of Mr. Sparling, and accordingly notified to his excellency, a with to embark in a packet that was to fail for England in a week's time, and to take with him, by his per- miiTion, as many of his people as was convenient. He was informed that according to his defire, he (hould be accommodated with a paflage for him- felf and two of his people (the veflel being too fmall to admit of more) and that the reft of his men ftiould be conveyed to England as foon as poflible. On the lOth the Refource was fold by audlion for 295 rix-dollars: ihe was purchafcd by a Captain John Eddie, an Engliihman, who commanded an CngliOi vciTel from Beofl;al. The launch was likewife fold by auclion, which the captain would not have parted with, but found it inconvenient to take her to Europe. Thomas Hall died at the hofpital this day. On the 16th Captain Bligh, hir clsrk John Sa- muel, and John Smith a Teaman, embarked on board the Vlydte packet, comm inded by Captain Peter Couvret, bound for Middletprgh. They weighed anchor and failed out of the road about feven o'clock. On the 1 8th they pafled the ftraights of Sunda, and fteercd to the N. of the Coco's IQcs. No material occurrence took place during their paflage to the Cape of Good Hope. On the 1 6th of December they anchored in Table Bay. Karly on the I7ih the captain went on fliore and paid his refpc^s to his excellency, M. Vander Oraaf, who received him very cordially, and having fettled all necefl^.ry bufinefs, they departed from the cape the ad of January 1 790, and loft fight of land the next day. On the 15th the ifhr.d St. Helena was in fight, and on the 21ft the ifland Afcenfion. On the loth of February they had a N. E. wind, which blowing freOi, covered their fails with a fine orange-coloured duft. On the I 3th of March thev difcovered the hill of Portland, and on the 14th m the evening Capt. Bligh left the packet, and was landed at Pcrtfmouth by an Iflc of Wight boat. About a fortnight after Captain Bligh's depar- ture, Mr. Elphinflone, the mafter's mate, and Peter Linkletter, a fcaman, died. The remainder of his people were provided with paflages in the earlicft Orips. One Kobcrt Lamb died on hii paf- fage } alfo Surgeon Ledward : the reft arrived nfe. Having now laid before the Public a full and circum- JlftHtial account of Captain Bligb's voyage, lofs of the Bounty, and cenjequent dijirejes ; curiejity, no doubt, biiy^ excittd to kmnv what became of CbriJIian, the mutineer, and bis vile accomplices, we Jhail, for the futtbtr faiisfaQion of our numerous Readers, proceed next with Captain Edwards'/ Voyage in his Majejlf's Frigate PANDORA, vibicb for its Jeveral Difcovettes, and tht varitus Misfortunes that befel the Crew during their narrow efcape from Shipwreck and Famine, wiU be found as intirejiin^ and entertaining as this alreadf related \ and, fieing I be fame tnailntft and accuracy Jhall ftill be frefervtd, equally worthy of the Public t fatrtnage. Ipf- m J* ' hfe :m ) f , \i I ;]»■ illli'r t ;■/; >i'. 1 m i }■- :.!^ i 3K A NEW, i-vl.Vk ^i*' ri \^ ilir* m faH ||! Mm miim ji' m 1 '5i ANEW, COMPLETE, and GENUINE H I S T O R Y OF A VOYAGE ROUND the WORLdJ His Majelly's Frigate PANDORA, Capt UNDER THE COMMAND OF laptain EDWARD EDWARDS, Undertaken and Performed in 1790, 1791, and 1792. WITH SEVERAL INTERESTING ANECDOTES OF THE MUTINEERS, Christian, Churchill, &c. &c. who piratically carried off the BOUNTY. Including all the Discovf.ries, Adventures, Information, &c. contained in thJ Journals and Communications of .. ,,, Captain Edwards, Sursreon Hamilton, Lieutenants Hayward, Corvekj Meff. Cunningham, Innes, and fever: ' of the other Officers and Gentlemen. Being an Entire New History of all thofc InteFcfting Occurrences, Discoveries, Sid made in the SOUTH SEA ; with a Full and Circumdantial Account of the levera Distrissls which were endured through Shipwreck and Famine, in a Voyage bcveo ENDEAVOUR STRAITS and the ISLANDS of TIMOR, in four open Boats-i Pinnace, Red Yaul, Launch, onA Blue Yaul; being the Didance of eleven Hundred Miles.| Which, w ith the feveralother VOYAGESand TRAVELS to be included in this Colleftion, will bcEmbtlllflieJ witha Variety of Elegant CHARTS, MAPS, and other COPPEIl-PLATES, Engraved by Eminent ArtiaJ INTRODUCTION. J (!» ■'(■ >!. TWO very urgent reifons were the occaCon of the foIlowMig voyaec : firft, it was thought necclliry that the ftraits of Endeavour (hould be minutely furvcyed, in order that the paflagc to iiotany Bay might be accompliQicd with greater cafe and facility ; aud fccor.dly, it being judged highly cireniial, that every polfibie means thuuld be immediately taken, of bringing to exemplary pu. ninuncnt the audacious mutmeers of his Majelly's late ihip the Bounty, it being of the moil (crious confequence to government, for if fuch villainy was not checked and expofcd in time, every future projed of navigation might not onlv be frudrated, but great cxpences incurred for nothing. Captain Bligh, during his (hnrt Hay at the Cape of (iood fiope, Batavia, &c. let no opportunity flip of giving every ncccfl'ary information relative to this unfortunate bufinefs. for the fake of fpeedily detcding and bringing to judgment the authois of liis diftrcfs. i lo left a letter at the Cape of Good Hope, to be forwarded to Governor Phillips at Port Jackfon, by the firft opportunity. Me alio wrote to Lord Cornwallis front Batavia, and every letter contained a flinrt account of hia voyage, with a defcriptivc lift of the pirates, fo that all India was apprieed of the mutiny, and confcquently prepared for icizing the ofl'enders. On the loth of Auguft 1790, Captain Edwards . was appointed by government to put in commiflion at Chatham, and take command of the Pandora frigate, of twenty-four guns, and a hundred and fixty men. Their progrefs was however retarded by a great naval armament, which was then equipping. This |>revented that neceflary care imd attention which were abfolutely efl<:ntial, in refpedl to the men chofen for thii voyage: coofequently from Ibmc infected clothes, a contagious dlftemper took p!aQ which from its fevcrity and malignant niturc o caftoned much dilirels during the bcgiooing their voyage ; particularly as the vcffel affonlirdi proper accommodations for lick people, owiup | Its confined Rate. A great quantity of provifions and ftorcs wj prepared; every omcer's cabin, and even thcd tain's, were filled therewith, it being deen] proper to take an additional complement of nji (lores, for the purpofc of refitting the Bounty,] they fhould have the good fortune „u recover li( I'.very article that promifcd to be of the la utiUty was now carefully provided and put l board ; antifcorbutici cfpecially to guard agj the fcurvy : alio a time-keeper, and a quantity T iron, to be made into knives, &c. for the purpi of trading with the natives. It was alfo ih:irl tention to bring home fume plants of the bre fruit-tree, that the laudable intentions of gove ment (bould not be entii«ly fruftrated by the : ratical fcizure of his Majcfty's fhip the Boun Though it was impofTible to provide all the acca modations neceflary, as the vcfli:l could noti tain thein, yet the oflicers moft gencroufly aji among themlclves to give up their cabins, indJ (hort, ta facrifice every comfort and coavcDJca for the purpofe uf making room for whatever I of plants fortune might put into their way. manly and philanthropic refolutions were certii worthy the liigheft commendation. Having dropped duwn to Sheemefs, they fild .Admiral Dalrympic and Sir Richard King, i palling the Downs, arrived at Portfmouth, wl the officers and men received fix months piy io v^ncc, and their fiat) dirc^ni. CH mmi Captain EDWARDS's VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 223 CHAPTER I. , j^iulignant Fever takes flnce — An Alarm— Of no confequence — Anchorage in Santa Cruz — Tlie Fever raj^ei — ' Complete their Watering, &c. and leave the I/land — Anchor at Rio Janeiro — The Captain keeps up the Dignity if the Britijh Flag—Vifits the Vice-Roy— Politely received— De/cription of the Public Gardens — 'I he Colonics of gio Janeiro inclined to Rebellion — Departure — Prcgrefs— Surgeon Hamilton's Remarks on the falutary Articles iJml) relieved the Seamen— Anchor in Matavy Bay — t^ur/ue the Mutineers — Take their Boat, &c. — Iran/. r.WlNG HAViiNU paflcd the white clifts of Albion, tlicy procecilcd with a favourable breeze. It jsilbmit this time that ievtral of the crew were V.J, ill : Mr. Inncs, the furgeon's only mate, I ppencd to be the firll, and in a few days after "Avert confined to their beds. The croudcd (late ■j^ the vcH'cl rendered iherr fituation ftill more dii- trdlin!?> however, every rehef that could be fug- .jlleJ^iis humanely offered by Crpt. Edwards.. While approaching the latitude of Madeira, a fail ,as rert-cived bearirig down upon them. Having M.m; tiifir departure from hntland heard foinc i|.i,t aSpanifh war, ti'ey immediately conjedured 1,,, iicr mtllaken appearance that tliis was a Ihip of Var, and accordingly prepared for action : however, ul'ion as their guns were run out, and all hands at floiicrs got along- fide, they difcovcred their mil- \i(, and found her to be his Majcfty's fliip the Starl-1 wiiich had been difpatchcd with orders of j^jll'to Admiral Cornifh, who a little before their lifPiriure from Spithcad had failed for the Well- Wics. ,.1.1 1 . Ihe weather was now exceedingly bad, and they jjjicvcral Iqualls with thunder, lightning, rain, &c. Hiving paffcd the peak of I cnei iffc, they came tojnchor two days after in the road of Santa Ciui, „jwfie immediately boaided by the port maticr, ,hof»id that a difference with the Englifh was cx- KC\ei, but matters were now happily fettled be- jitcnthc Courts of St. James's and Madrid. The malignant fever which had taken place on ihcir loiviiig England began now to ra^e very vio- jBiilv: almofl every man was laid up in his turn, mj icvcril of the convalefcents had a relapfe upon mroiching the line : happily they had on board ^ jrtide which wan eflcntial towards the pre- inition of health, and wliicli had been conliderately mTided by the Lords of the AdmiValty previous Jitifii Tilling : in confequence of which timely re- irfihcrc is little doubt but fcvcral lives were pie- White's ventilstor was made ufe of for the pur- |oic of evacuating the foul air from below, the air |iiiii;)t this time intoleiably hot ; but, on account efiix confined flate of the veffel, the machine had ^thf ilofitcd cflcft. Duiing their Hay at Santa Cruz, they met with loch civility from the inhabitants, who notwith- fcndini; were fomcwhat i-clervcd, it being their dif- Miimi. Having completed their water from an ijuciliict, which IS conltrU(ffed with great (kill, and aittJingiy commodious for watering veflels, they BKiicii a plentiful <|uantity of lemons, oranges, |Mn(.;i mates bananas, &c. &c. and immediately ipiritJ front the illaud. Iteif were feveral watcr-fpouts ."(bout the vefTel, ||thich ihcy 6red feveral guns. Nothing material irrfd till the sSih of December, when they faw lind of the Brazils i and on the 30th they fa- (d the fort at Kio Janicro with 15 gUDS, which returned with in equal number. As loon as they anchored, ah officer acquainted captiin, that according to their cui'iom they mufl 1 ptriy of foidiers on board ; but this Captain •itils would not agree to, and therefore retufcd p on fliore to vifit tht, viceroy till this ceremony counicrmanded. Cipt. td wards having thui fupported the dignity ihcliiitifh Hag, now paid his refpeAs to the vice> They met with a very kind reception. Ihe 3 viceroy's fuit of carriages were ordered to attend the Britifli officers j and M. le Font, the furgeon- general, who (poke Englifh with eafe and fluency, mewed them every mark of politenefs and attention on the occafion : he carried them through the prift- (ipal ftreets, and introduced them to the public gardens, built by the late viceroy, and which were laid out with great tafie and expence. " All the extremity of the garden is a fine terrace, *' which commands a view of the water, and is fre- " quented by people of fafliion as their grand mall : " at each end of the terrace there is an octagonal " built room, fuperbly furnifhcd, where afternoon *■ entertainments are fumctimes given. On the " pannels are painted the various produftions and " commerce of South America, reprefenting the *' diamond fifhcry, and the prodefs of the indigo " trade; the rice grounds and harveft, fugar plan- " tation, South-Sea whale fiflrery, &c. thefe were " interlperfed with views of the country, and the " quadrupeds that inhabit thofe parts. Ihe ceiling's '• contained all the variety, the one of the fifh, the " other of the fowl of that continent. Tiie copart- " mentsof the ceiling of the one room was enriched " in fhvll-woik with all the variegated (hells of thkt " country, and in the copartracnts are delineated " all the variety of fifh thac the coaft of South- " America produces. The other copartment is " enriched with feathers; and fo inimitably blended " as to prtulucc the happiclt eftcrt. In ihk cdling " are painted all the birds and fowls of thccouhtry, " in all their fplendid elegince of plumage. The *• fofas and furniture are rich in the extreme; and " in this elegant rccefs an idle tratveller may have *• an agreeable lounge, and at one view coiiiprc- " hend the whole natural hiftory of this vaft coh- " tinent. In the centre of the terrace there i« a " jet d'eau, in form of a large palm-tree, made of •• copper, which at pleafure may \x made to fpoUt " water from the extremity of all the leaves. This " tree ftands on a well-difpofed grotto, which rifes •' from the gnvcUwalk beloW to the level of the " terrace, and terminates the view of the principal " walk. Near the foot «f the grotto two lai^e •• alligators, made of copper, are" continually dif- •' charging water into a handfbnne bafon of white *' marble," filled wiUl g(»'d and filver fifljcs. *' There are fine orangeries, and lofty covered '* arbours, in diftcfent parts of the garden^ capable •• of containing a thoufand people. Here the ey- " prian nyttiphs h6ld their noduriltil revels $ but ** intrigue is attended with great danger, as the " (tillctto is in general ufe, and all'afrination ftt- " quent, the men being of a jealous fanguin.yry ttim, " and the women fond of gallantry, who never ap- " pear in public unveiled. When Bouganville, ^he " French circumnavigator, called here, his chaplain '• was afl'aflinated 4n an afA'ay of that kind; but, <• flnce that accident, ordcni were given' vhut a " commiflioncd oflicer (hould attend all fijveitfa ofHccrs, and a ibidier the privates : and all ftraft- gen, on landing, are conduced to tht! niain- g^ard fhr thtir efcort. This afifwcrs a tfooMe purpofe, sa they aie much afraid of ftrangeis frtitiggting, Ot carrying xnoney oitl, of lh« coun> try, under tht Walk <:if perfonal proteAion, evtsry mtition it watehetl and fcrutlnited, nor btti any thing be piirchtftd of a merchant till hehtfi fettled witn the oflic'^r of (he police how nauoh he ihall end lor hii goodi." •; They i.tfflS'W It'" 324 NEW COLLECTION OF VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. They likewife met with great civility from the officers of the army, who gave them Tome prefents of red bird Ikins, in order to procure the friendfliip of thofe natives whom they expeClcd to meet. Lieutenants Hayward and Corner were particu- larly aflidunus in procuring thofe plants, &c. which they thought might be of ufe to cultivate at Ota- heitc, and which they nurfcd with peculiar care for that purpofe. During their (lay here a confpiracy was detected, as the fpirit of revolt is very prevalent among the people, to the great injury of their trade. In con- fequcnce of this, feveral people of diiiiodlion were thrown into dungeons, while a ftrong guard were placed over them, to prevent all intercourfe : fince, in order to check this rebellious difpofition, a regi- ment of black flaves, willing enough to bear arms againft their oppreffive mallei s, is embodied. Their flaves, whom they keep in chains, execute all their public works, during which they perform a kind of melancholy dirge in recitative, which be- ing accompanied v/itix '■ be clanking of their chains, renders the mufic exceedingly mournful. Having in our preceding voyages given a defcrip- tion of the town, buildings, &c. weihall withCapt. Edwards take leave of the place, who on the Uth of January, early in the morning, proceeded on his voyage. While running down the coall of the Brazils, they perceived feveral fpermaccti whales. Having JtafTed by the Straits of Magellan, on the 31ft they aw. Cape St. Juan, Staten and New Year's Iflands. * > The weather now became exceedingly colcj, while thofe who bad been fo dangcroufly indifpoied ex- perienced a fpeedy recovery. As they advanced, having fortunately encountered the tempeftuons regions of Cape Horn, the weather became exceed- ingly pleafant, and the health of thfc people quite cftablilhed. We (hall here, for the benefit of navigators in grneral, make mention of thofe things to which Sur- geon Hamilton imputes the recovery of the men. The four crout kept during the voyage in the higheft perfr cruQ forms outfide, which proteAi the reft. It likewife ii preferable in point of Oowage. \i • The dividinp; the people into thr^e watches hid"" double good elTeft, as it gave them longer time t* flecp, and dry thrmfelvcs before they turned i and as the majority of the crew confillcd of ImHr men, the fewer there Were on deck the more ncc f fary they found their excrliuni in acquiring jh knowledge of the fervice. "' They unfortuoately fprung a leak in the afit part of the veffcl, which leached the bread. mo '1 and dam^iged a great quantity thereof : un-i?' they wrrt obliged to throw overboard, b^L which there remained a great quantity ftiH injurJ' which Was kept for the ule of the cattle. ' On the 4th of March they faw Eafter Jflj^j They now fet the forge to work, and the armoutcri were employed in making knives, and other (qi |1 articles, for the fake of trading with the natives On the i6th they difcovered a lagocm iflmd , about four miles extent, which they called DucJe'' Ifland, in honour of Lord Ducie. It feemed toh! well covered with wood, but there was no appear ance of inhabitants. ^ ' On the 17th they difcovered another, which thev called Lord Hood's Ifland. This was about t miles long. 1 bey faw a great many trees, but no fign of inhabitants. On the 19th they difcovered another, which they called Carysfort Iflind, in honour of Loid CiryZ fort. This was much the fame of Ducie':i Ifland On the^id they palTcd Maitea, and on the ,5,1 anchored in Matuvy bay in the ifland of OtaUitc Early in the moiniiig they were viGtcd byacino* with one native, who, by embiaces and falutcs » foon as he came on board. exprefli:d great joy oq feeing them. When Lieut. Hay ward was imr^ duced to him, who had been purpofely conceaW from him on his firft coming, it is impoffible 1 defcribe his aftonifliment. From this man it was underllnod that the muti, neers had been on the ifland, and had deceived ik natives, by informing them that Capt. Bliih hx gone to fettle at Whyteetakee, and that Capt Coo was li'-.ng there: however, the truth of Ihisbcin (ufpeded, and Chriflian apprebenfive of fome* deligns, left Otahcite with nine of his party ia 1 Bounty. ' Lieutenants Corner and Hay ward were now t, patched in the launch and pinnace, with 26 mti to the N. W. part of the ifland, to mike whi| further dilcoveries they could refpef.ing the muti neers. Jofeph Coleman, who was armourer of thi Bounty, came on board the Pandora j and, in J fljort time after, two of the Bounty's midfliipinq and afterwards Richard Skinner. On the 2 5th the launch and pinnace rcturna haviiig chaced the mutineers on fljore, and iikt poflclTion of their boat. The lieutenaatt rcjxiita that the mutineers had taken refuge in thehcighi and claimed the protection of Tamatrah, achicll Fapara, wlio was the legal kinf^ of Otaheitc, aiti family of Otoo were deemed ulurpcr^. 1 On the a7th the captain fciit his bo.« with] prelcnt of fonie fura to the king Oto", with m i vitation, which he accepted, and the next day I majefty, with hi* family and attendmis, miui whom was Oedidec. a chief, vilitcd the ramlun. King Otoo ha* two queens at Tiariboo. Ilk all three fleep together, and live in the moli pcrfd harmony, (hough of different ages, for hiiptinci| queen, who i* a robuft coarle-looking wumiD,! about thirty, and the o'her, a baoJioine ddiar creature, whofe name i* Alredy, fcsrcely Citeeo^ Lieut. Corner was now appointed to march Kr| the (XMiotry with a detachment of men, and iff Able get between the mountain* and mutine This gentleman was deemed exceedingly capable the talk, having during hi* youth bore a cunnnif in f he land fervice. i.iei)t. Hay ward wu likewife appuintcd to( m 11 1''! 'S ' • (-^ lit!' ("I;!;" •mm i-'V II' I mmt il ' ;•! 'i V H^i 9t|i •^11 iK' i:-4 ^i i: i' m ■|i! Uirl nil ttl If »,' y^r y Uiii'-kJt *»• •Mf [K^'f 'jf.i«Vi «l-"f«»«l*»o*«»«*»-*«»»~«" a ■ * ' w - '* « < < tf > H • Z -' « ■ V M < ^ ■M^V»'"' 1**^., tj «*r^ X!-- *-«i.»^*' '/^- - ■.• f» ■♦■ *■ • «» I bilk by water, with (he chiefs, particulai The lieutenant likcw man. who had been vclTd that had vifitec L{jng unruly and i pun was, however, I live, and of great u ^ H )|](| now been amon)^ ^nwnths, during whi all their manners, anc led^e nf their langua On the 28th Lieut I Venus with his part; Lied him, acled as ( I the common people a ditinnover tiie heigh Uij ibfolutely nccell cjtaracl, or river, \ Loilntains, and fornn I \iA to ford it fixtcei putney, which gave itreDgtli of the nati^ Ibc former went ove could not Hem the ra (heir help. They w^ to the fliip for ropei bciglitSi which ochcrv Having halted awl I a with to one of the 1 I vho told him he mi^ ricluals ready drrffed rin 10 a temple, wh( fcrved to their god, nailed pig, that ha( Thisfiriking inflance < Knint; but the natii I lad more than he cnul Danng this cxpcdii I Srain the natives from tlieCava grounds of «(re on the eve of a v I hereditary right of the Having now arrive I dicf, thry met with a ctption ; after being r lod drink, the ofiiccr to vilit the morai of hlir. Corner judging it aiKDtioii, to gain th< inin, ordered his part] I voilies over tlic deceal lis bell new cloaths nn ing cjrtrid);e from one Id lire to the paper clu Unlucky difafter threv [«rplexity; fur, agree lid eliate would be fo (orpfc of his father I injured. lo the mean time IpirtjT were bufy. 1" tppcr dilirict, and of I M* a very fincere friei of Ills liberal prefents, I tonlidcrably afllfted in The mutineers havi J kpe of refource, the n •hile Lieutenant Hay« I in front ; under covei liitltcrin a hut in the bjiBruwn, who creep! ttey were aflccp, diftio I Min); their toes t ai p llonireeaGly difcovei too. Next day Lieul jbutihey grounded thei lud were fent down |{iurd, with their handi No. >9. ^-' Captain EDV/ARDS's VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. aai I bilk by water, with another party, and fcveral of the chiefs, particularly Oedidee, accompanied bim. The lieutenant likcwife took one Brown, an Englilh- inan who had been left on fliore by an American „([fe'| (hat had vifited the place, on account of his Lfjnjr unruly and troublefomc on board. This Dim was, however, exceedingly cunning and ac- tive, and of great utility on thofc occauons. He had now been among the natives upwards of twelve nwntiis, during which •*- became accuftomed to all their manners, and 'lad acquired fuflicient know- ledue of their language. On the sStI) Lieutenant Comer landed on Point Yunus with his party. The chiefs who accompa- Lied him, acled as condudors, and a number of ,!,£ common people aflifted in carrying the ammu- nition over the heights : and indeed their aflllUnce ,]s abfolurely necetTary, having to crofs a rapid taracl, or river, which came down from the Loiintains, and formed fo many curves. They lad to ford it fixteen times in the courfe of their iiurney, which gave evident proofs of the fuperior liircDg'h of the natives over the Englifli fe^inen. Xbc former went over with eafe, where the failors could not Hem the rapidity of the torrent without I tlitir help. They were, howeverj, forced to fend to the c fecure, and apart from the ihip's compmy; and that it might have every advantage of a tree circulation of air, which rendered it the muft dcfirablc place in the (hip. Orders were likewife given that they fhould be viftualled, in every rerpccf, the fame as the (hip's company, both in meat, liquor, and all the extra indulgencies, notwithftanding the eftabliflied laws of the lervice, which reAricls prifoners to two- thirds allowance; but Capt. Edwards, confidering how long they muft needs be confined, behaved with the greatell humanity. A confpiracy was formed among the natives on (hore, to cut their cables, fhouki there happen to be a fierce gale from the fea, which would admit of an opportunity. This however was timely dif- covered by Oripai, the king's bi other, who was a chief of much fenic and penetration. The captain was not a little alarmed at this difcovcry, as feveral of the prifoners had been married to the daughters of the mod refpeclable chiefs in the diftriA, oppo- fite to where they lay at anchor. The captain experienced the greated civility from the king, his two brothers, and all the prin- cipal chiefs. Thcfe expreOed the greated anxiety fr both his and his people's fafety. While the prifoners were on board they kept watch during the night, and were remarkably vigilant for fear of the cables being injured, continually reminding the ccntinals of their duty, and fpurring them oir to keep a careful Iook>out. The prifoners were daily viGted by their wives, who were permitted to bring their children ; and the poor captive fathers lamenting over their ten- dcr offspring, rendered the fcene truly diftrcfTmg. Tbcfc unhappy men were fupplied with all the delicacies that the country afforded, by their faith, ful wives, M ho on this occafion dcmondrated the greatell affeAion and tcndemefs. On the 30th they received a formal vifit from the king, his two queens, and the chiefs, who on this occaiGon had a band of mu(ic. The ladies had fo much cloth wrapt round them, by which they were rendered fo unwieldy and bulky, that it was with the grcateil difiiculty they were got on board. The Ling Drought a prefent of fome hogs, bananas, cocoa-nuts, &c. Alfo a quantity of rcady-drcffed puddings. The next day a grand heiva was ordered, for the entenainmcnt of the captain and his officers, on Point Venus. A band of mufic was ordered to at- tend them as foon as they had landed, and they were conduced Co the place where the king and h» retinue were waiting to receive them. A ring was immediately made, and the entertainment began, which was fimilar to thofe already defcribed. The following circumftance relpedting Churchill, the principal ringleader of the mutineers, was re- lated to the captain, which is a ftriking inflance of that real friendihip m hich prevails among the nat:ves. Churchill having become the friend of a great chief in the upper diftrifh, became on his death (as he died without iffue) heir to his eftate and title, agree- able to the law of^ Tyolhip. Thompfun, however, of the Bounty, having fallen out with Churchill, (hot him, which enraged the natives fo much that to revenge the death of Churchill, their chief, they * 3 L immediately I ■5, !'i ■,: 4 m l.ii .twH m t } h\ , . li I ^ aa6 NEW COLLECTION or VOYAGES and TRAVELS, immediately dcftroycd Thompfon, and kept his Ikull to (how. During the captain's (lay here very few thefts were detefted : they puni(hed the offenders by cut- ting o(F their hair, which occa(ioncd no little morti- fication and grief. Coleman, the armourer of the Bounty, while here made a ftili, and attempted to extradl rum and fugar from the (ugar-canes, in which he fucceeded ; but afterwards, dreading the dire effeftu of intoxication among his own people as well as the natives, he broke the (lill and put an end to his intentions. The captain ftill continued to receive large pre- fents from the different chiefs towards his fea ftore. All the people had good allowance j each man hav- ing four pounds of frefli pork per day, befides a due quantity of other things. Capt. Edwards now notified his intention of de- parting, which was the occafion of much confterna- tion among the natives. Some cows were promifed to be fent to the captain from a neighbouring iiland, if he could make it convenient to (lay another week. The natives, it feems, had taken a diflike to beef, having once killed a hoife inftead of a cow, and finding the meat thereof i;:"'i;' '*"'* Iwimmins through fo many ^;li, and having no victuals the whole day, in i^x evening they began to forage for ibmcthing to tjt. 1'*'^ R'J>"*"''C cockle wa» ihc only thing that micnud. Of the Ihcll of one they made a kettle, {jbiiil fi'me junks of it in. Some of thefe cockles :rc U'-i^' '*>*" three men can carry. Ot this coarfc tire and lomc cocoa-nuts, by the alfiltance of a pm! appetite, they made a tolerable hearty fupperj (Vfv thru fet the watch, and went to llcep. 'I hey |ii thrown a largr nut on the fire before they lay (^mn.ind forgot it j but in the middle of the night Ike miis of tne cocoa-nut bfcamc fo expanded ,iih the heat, that it burft with a great explolion. Thfir minds had been fo much engaged in the (cuife of the day with the entcrprile they were employed in, expefling muikets to be fired at them f;,>m every bulh, that they all jumped up, feized itcir arms, and were fotnc time before chey were (cavinctd ol their error. Onihcsijd the boats returned; but there was (oioteligeme of the jolly-boat. The tender rc- ttiud a lr«fl> fupply of prnvilions and ammuni- tion ( at the fame time they had orders to cruife ii 1 certain direc1iej of finding the km but after a whole day's run to leeward, and iinriiinj; up again by traverfcs to the ifles, law no- tt^yi her. The tender hove in fight in the jmni,;,', aiul ihcy again fcarched the iUc« without \kt!'f. All further hopes of feeing her were given jif, ind ilicy proceeded on their voyage. lie fate of the unfortunate men who were in the 1 b'it could never be alcertained. On leaving there was a piece of (alt beef thrown to w, iiid no doubt they were able the next day uiutc their lUiift, as there were heavy Ihowcrs m. Od the 6th of June an ifland wai difcovered : taptiin called it the Duke of York's Ifi fld. laptain L-.duards now diijpatchcd the two yauls, Tfd by the tender, with l.iuuenants Hayward Urncr, to examine this iilund. A Iho; t time lit ihiir departute there were fome huts fccn from the vcfTcl ; a llgnat w.is accordingly made to apprize the lieutenants of the danger, that they, might proceed on fhore with the utmofl caution. On their return Lieutenants Hayward and Cor- ner reported, that they had feen a fliip's wooden buoy t they had alfo found nets of ditTerent li/.es hanging up in the huts, with a v. rieiy of fifhing uteniils. I'hcy had alfo difcoveree in feveral parts of the creek (f'agcs and wharfs, \vh -h led them to believe that this was an ifl.ind only ii.'abitcd in the fifliing fcafon by fomc of the nei{;hbouring nations. They found near the beach the (kcleton of a very large (ilh, which they imagined to be a whale. They were likewife (fruck with the venerable appearance of a place which rcfembled a druidi- cal temple, and was exceedingly curious. The falling of a very large old tree, formed an arch, through which the interior part of the tcniplc was fceii, which heightened the pcrfpcdivc, ami f;ave a romantic folcmn dignity to the fcene. Ac the ex- treme end of the temple, three altars were pl.tccd, the center one higher thnn the other two, on vihich fomc white Ihells weir regularly piled. When they had thus ex.imincd the ifland, they rc-vifited the huts, and hung up a few knives, looking-glalfes, aiul fomc other trifles, that the na- tives, on their return, might know the place had been frequented during thcir ahfcncc. On the lath we diicovcred ar.nther ifland, which the Captain called the Duke ot Clarence's Ifland. In running atonj; ihe land they perceived feveral canoes crolling the la^^oons. Tlie tend, r's li.',nal was made to cover the boats in landing, and L.cu- tenants Hayward and Corrtf r lint to reconnoitre the beach, to difcover a landmg-j 'ace. In perform- ing this they approached the natives in thcir canoes, v*ho made ligns of peace to them; however, on account of fome diflidence on thcir fide, they had no intercourfe with them. They found feveral hu- rying-places here, which indicated it to be a prin- cipal rcful^ncc i alfo fomc old cotoa trees, ike. On the 1 8th, we difcovered an ifland ot greater extent than any hitlimo fecn in tiie fouth. This was called, in honour cf the firll lord of the admi- ralty, Chatham's Ifland. It is beautifully d.verli- lied with hills and dales, of twice rhc extent of Otaheitc, and a hardy warlike rate of people: the natives defcribcd a large river. The natives with whom they traded feemed very f.iir and honourable. Some were in mourning for thcir king Fenow. I laving made an unfuccefsful fearch for the muti- neers, they continued their voyage. On the a I II another ifland, of about forty miles long, was difcovered, the natives called it Otutuc- lah. It is well wooded with immcnfe large trees, whofe foliage fpreads like the oak ; and there is a deal of Ihrubbcry on it. bearing a yellow flower. The natives here arc remarkably handfome: fome of ihem had their fkins tinged with yellow, as a mark of dininflion, but which at firf^ led the Eng- lifh to imagine they were difeafed. Neither fex wear any cloathing, but a girdle of leaves round their middle, ftaincd with different colours. The women adorn thcir hair with chaplcts of fwect- fmelling Howcrs, and bracelets, and necklaces of flowers round their wrifls and neck. They were exccedinulv timid on thcir firfl coming on board ; alfo perfectly ignorant of fire-arms, never having fccn a European fliip before. They made many gedurcsof fuDinilTton, and were flruck with wonder and furprife at cverv thing they faw. Amongtt other things, they brought fomc moll remarkable flnc puddings, which abounded with aromatic fpi- cerics, that excelled in tafte and flavour (he moft delicate feed-cafie. The captain and his people traded with them the whole day, and got many curiofitics. Birds and fowls, of the molt fplendid plumage, fomc re- fcmhling the peacock, and a great variety of the ' parrot kind, were brought on board. Before I'kH i ^■■5 V,A llPr-te rwl - H-m ■^11*! #111 V i! :, lit'.. ,J;i« V .;i S28 NEW COLLECTION or VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ■i Before evening the women went all on Ihore, and the men began to be troublefome and pilfcriiiK. The third lieutenant had a new coat ftole out of hU cabin ; and they were making otf with every bit of iron, &c. which lay in their way. A fierce breeze coming on, they were obliged to make otf from the land.. Thofc who were engaged in trade on board were fo anxious, that the captain had got almoft out of flght of their canoes, biefore they perceived the Ihip's motion, whereupon they all jumped into the water inftaiuaneoufly ; but one of them, more earneft than the reft, hung by the rudder-chains for a mile or two, thinking to detain the vefTel. In the evening they unfortunately parted com- pany, and the captain loft fight of^ the tender, raife fires were burnt, and great guns and fmall arms were fired without fuccefs : the weather be- came very thick and difagrceablc. On the 33d and 24th they continued to cruifc for her, near where thi y parted company, which was off a piece of remarkable high land. What was moft unfortunate, water and provifions were then on deck for her, which were intended to have been pur on board of her in the morning. She had the day before received orders, in cafe of reparation, to rendezvous at Annamonka, and to wait there for the veflcl. A fmall cag of fait, and another of nails and iron- ware, were likcwifc put on board of her, to traffic with the Indians, and the latitudes and longitudes of the places the captain would touch at, in his intended rout. She had a boardins netting fixed, to prevent her being boarded, and fevcral feven-lMrrclled pieces and blunderbuflcs like- wife aboard. The Pandora proceeded to the eaftMtard, and they faw that iftand which was difcoverd by Monf. Bou. ganvillc. , On the 28th they faw the Happai Iflands, difco> vcred by Capt. Cook, and before noon the group of iflands to the caftward of Annamooka, and failed down between Little Annamooka and the Falafagee Ifland. The next day they anchord in the road of Annamooka. A large failing canoe was now hired, and Lieut. Hayward and one private fcnt to the Happai and Fcegce Iflands, to make enquiry after the Bounty and the tender : but no intelligence was received. Here they found an axe, which had been left by Capt. Cook. Several hogs, yams, &c. were likewile purchafed ol the natives. The inhabitants of Annamookaare the moft auda. cious robbers in the South Seas : while two or three of the officers were uking a walk on fliore one even- ing, who had the precaution to take their piftoU with them, they were furroundcd by feveral of the natives, with apparent intentiotu to pilfer t however on their prefcnting the piftols to theih, they (hcered off. The captain havmg joined the ofRcers, and brought his fervant with him, carrying a bag of nails, and foqne triflifls prcfenu, which he meant to diftributeamonsft thefcnativa, tcwlc the bag from him, and difpatcned him with a meffiige to the boat j on which the inhabitants followed him. As foon as he got out of fight of his mafter, they ftrippcd him naked, and robbed him of his cloaths, and every article he had, but one (hoc, which he ufed for con- cealing his nakedncfs. At this junAure Lieutenant Hayward arrived from his expedition, and called the afliftancc of the guard in fcarching for the robbers. They faw the natives all running, and lurking be- hind the trees, which led them to fufpeA there was fome mifchief brewing ; but they Toon difcovercd the poor fervant, with a bayonet in his hand, naked and vowing vengeance againft the natives, for the treatment he had received. Night coming on, they went on board, but the poor ^llow's cloaths were never recovered. On the 30th the king of AnnamookliWhofeoame is Tatjifee, paid the captain a vilit. : . 3 The people here feem to be fomewhat civiliitj and have notions of private property, as every 01,..' land is afccruined by a fence, agreeable to the dI>' of the Chinefe railing. They likewife ftiew an Jn clination ti^ induftry, having all their high«ay, and roads Uadiiig to public places in great order. Nq are they lefa inclmcd to cultivation, as ftirubbery ■" planted with great tafte on each fide of the gravel' walk leading to their houfes : feveral have rowi Z pine-ap( Ics on each fide of their avenue. Lieut nants Corner and Hayward took great pains in i'' ftruding them how to tranfplant their pinc-appit" and they paid no little attention to his advice. '' The women are more mafculine than thofc Otaheite, but they have very animated countenance which render them exceedingly agreeable. 7kJ' have a toy, with which they amufe themfelvcs.fin,^ lar to a cup and ball. They arc very fond of dji' playing their charms, which they do in a very fur cefsful manner. Several very handfnme girls were brought bvthc V own mothers on board to be difpofcd of. Atfim their demands were exorbitant, as no Itfs than broad axes would content them : from this, ho-^cvcr the fell to old razors, and at laft to fciffars and'nai!'^ This trade became at laft fo common, that man- of the poor girls were purchafed j and in fuch cj/j j it is cuftomary to hold a council of matrons, \vho diftinguifh the unfortunate girl by making a gal; in her fore-fingcr. In this manner the razors wtr 1 ufed, and had there been more aboard, there is n doubt but all the girls would have fuffcred in ihe fame mannsr. A brifli trade was carried on : they had purchafed an abundance of hogs, and found the pork much fupcrior to that at Otaheite. They had aifo pro. cured feveral ton weight of excellent yams. The captain fcnt a party on Ihore to cut wood' for fuel, and grafs for the flieep. The natives, how. ever, would not fuffcr any of the grafs to be touched" They became exceedingly troublefome j and ihoucV this party was attended with a guard of armed men ' the inhabitants ftill intruded, and committed wlut," ever thefts they could. One of them made a blor at Lieut. Corner with his club, which fortunatelyi miflcd his head, and only ftunnod him in the back! of his neck. Mean time the offender dole hij handkerchief, and was making off; but the iieutc. nant having recovered himfclt in time, levelled hii mufliet at him, and ftiot him dead. Another part was difpatched to get water, and thefc were cquaill haralTcd and interrupted. King Taufec was now about colloaiftg tributi from the iflands under his jurifdidion -, and accord. ingly went in the Piindora to Tofoa, The cajnain previous to his failing, left a letter with a princii ' chief of the ifland for Mr. Oliver, the commam of the tender, in cafe be (hould arrive before tl captain's return. During the night thcv admired the bumi mounting on Tofea ; and early the next day tw canoes were difpatched on ftiorc, to announce tl arrival of Tatafeeand Tabou, who intended to hi gone on fliore in the Pandora's barge, which thi thought would add to their confequcncc. U were, however, met on the way by the tributm princes in their canoes. Thefc princes, in doing homage, came aiong-ll the barge; bowed their heads over the fide of tl canoe ; while Tatafee, agreeable to cuftom, put h{ foot upon their heads. Ihis king diftributcd the prefcnts he received from the Englifh, when lantfed, amongft his fubje^. They met here with lx)me of the people who ii fuited Capt. Bligh's men in the boat at Murdcra Cave. I'pon feeing Lieut. Hayward, (whom th( recollected; they feemed fomewhat apprchcnlive hi? aiiger. Capt. Edwards endeavoured to convii the king, Taufee, of his difapprobation of that linefs i but fearful the tender might likewife be tacki fitidtra jtrlkii en a R ^1 tf Infanity'- Four i Captain EDWAKDS's VOYAGE ROUND thp WORLD. 229 l(cd on her arrival, he wu careful noc to carry his It was ihc captain'i intention to vifit Tongata- * but herein he was prevented by the continu- ,'of an unfavourable wind. He therefore pro- r^lled '" Catooa and Navigator's Iflo, which he [kewifc intended to have done before, but delayed ■ hopes of finding the tender. They now endea- ""uffJ ''^ '^*" '" y"** ''^^ eafternmoll of ihefc Oil 'he latli of July they difcovcred a cluftcr of ,.„js in the N. W.tjuarterj however they poft- n(il their examination of thefe till their return •^il^j Friendly Ifles, as they were unwilling to lofe 'lj (jvourable wind whiih they now had. ' On the 14th fhey faw three ifles, fuppofcd to be , j^^vigator's Ifles ; the largell of which the na- . V u»"c^ Tumaluah. 1 he inhabitants, whom they r« at a little diftancc, made fcvcral figns for them oUnd: however, they thought proper to proceed . (heir voyage. On the 15 th they reached Oteetuelah, where they I to|nJ fome of Bousainville's cioaihs, fiic, from rijich circumftanc^ tnere is little doubt but what K.w»5 murdered by the natives. On the I Sth they difcovcred a cluftcr of iflands, d the next day ran down the N. fide till thry came to an opening, where they perceived the fea on the other (ide. They were informed by the na- tives, that there were excellent watering-places in diflxrcnc parts within a found,' which is formed by fome of the iflands to the S. E. and N. W. They were vifiied by feveral of the inferior chiefs, and the natives feemed very kind and honeft. Their religion, cullnms, language, &c. arc liinilar to thofe at Anna- mooka, but their behaviour is far better. The country is well covered with wood : there are fevcr.il beautiful paroquets, a number of which were brought to the frigate by the natives. The captain dillinguiflied thefe iflands by the names of Harrintnon's, Sawyer's, Hotham's, and Jarvif's. The found was called Curtis's ; and the whole group of iflands had the general denomination of Howe's iflands. On thea;{d they pulfed another ifland, fuppofed to be Pyleflanrt ifland. On the 26ih they perceived Middlcburgh Ifland, between which and £uah they ran down. They examined this ifland, but met with no fuccefs : after this they pafled Ton^ataboo, where they procured rcfreflin.enu, and on the 29th they anchored again in Annamooka, and lamented very much that during their ablcnce the tender had nci4 been heard of. CHAPTER III. I tj.„ flitted on ibeir Vtyafe—Several //lands difcovtred— tmi tf/ov*-'^ Tjender/ul t/cape — Lieut. Corntrjtnt in JindoTH jtrikci on a R*ef—Hir Wreck— Great Dijlref>- ^fi, fhfanity— Four Boats fitted out—Tbty tmkark in EVLRY thing being now ready for failing, they proceeded on their voyage the 5thof Auguft. l^jiCtovered an cxtenfive ifland, which the captain IIjJ Proby's Ifland, in honour of Commiflioner Probv. fhe land was hilly, and the houfes much jljrge and commodious than any they had yet Lju The natives call the ifland Onooafow. A bfilli trade w as carried on with thefe people, of ,hom they purchafed fcvcral articles. Ihty no* '"*'**^ *°'' ^allis's Ifland, which they itjchol on the 7th. They were vilited by a canoe, »»i.ointhey gave fome prefents; but the natives I h«ingcommilied a theft, nwde an abrupt departure, Ljdid not appear again. Tlfdc pfojjlc *'>*! '^'f'' ''"'c fingers cut off, and licirclicek Ixjncs much bruifed and flattened. I Th(v now fleered between Santa C'.ruz and Spcrito Suio, ami on the 8ih difcovercil land to the well- ItirJ. Ihcy founded, but could find no bottom. Il^v ran down the ifland, which waa remarkably lkiilv,»"d well covered with wood. The mountains lifit'cultivated to the very top, which indicated a Inimbcr of inhabitants. There appeared a great I limber of houfes. It feemed to b< about fieven Inilti in length. The captain called this Grenville's llHind, in honour of Lord Grenvilie. It ia called hy the natives Rotumah. I They were met by fcvcral canoei 1 the men who line in thtin rrfled on their paddles, and gave the liir-hoop at Haled periods. They were all armed Ititii clubs, and meant to atuck the Englilht but Ilk magnitude and novelty of fuch an objedl as a Innol uar, fliuck them with a mixture of wonder lad tear : bclides, being pertedly ignorant of lire- InM, ihey were fo Itaricd at the report of a muflcet, Itliaithcy made ofl'with the utmoll expedition. As |th(y had come with hofiiie intentions, they brought liotoinen with them. Thtfe natives wore bracelets, necklaces, and gir- |&) of white Ihelli. Their bodies were every where Itunoully marked with the figures of men, dogs, liics, birds, &c. They were exceedingly expert |iiihicving, and uncommonl]^ athletic and ftrong. ' [fellow was making off with fome booty, but No. 10. Ue/criptian of the diffirer^t lnba>ittants — Ho^ile Intent the B>'it lo iookjor ,1 1'alJuge — Anxiety jor her return — -Crnv leap iverboiird— Several drowned — Une Cenneil then for fimor. was detected ; and although fi\t of the flouteft men in the fliip were hanging upon him, and had fall hold of his lonj; flowing black hair, he overpowered them all, and jumped overboard with his prize. There is a hiph promontory on this ifland, which was called Mount Temple by the captain. On the nth they run over a reef of coral, ia II fathom water, which was called Pandora's reefs they were exceedingly alarmed, but pafTed it in five minutes, and on founding immediately afterwards, found no bottom. tarly on the 1 ath they difcovcred an ifland, well wooded, but not inhabited. It had two remarkable promontories on it, one refcmbling a mi?re, and the other a flceple j lor whirh reafon they called it Mitrc Ifland. They jwlTed it, and flood to the weft- ward I and at ten the fame morning difcovcred an- other ifland to the N. W . which they called Cherry's Ifland, in honour <»f Cherry, Efq; commiflioner of the viciualling-oegan to dawn, a council of i was held among the officers ; and as the wa$ th' 1 fettling fiift down in the water, it was their un ■ mous opinion, that nothing ftjrther could be d"' for the prefervation of his Majelty's fhip. jj ^ therefore recommended to the crew to look toih*" felves, and take as much care as poflibie of th"' lives. '^' The prifoners were now reftored to liberty Eermitted to (hift for themfelves. The booms fn!l en-coops, and everv thing buoyant, were cut iSof'l in hopes when the fliip funk fomething might r 'I main for them to catch hold of. The men w ■ (till renurkably obedient, and exercifed thcmfclv^ hard at the pumps; but the water came in foviolcntbl at the gun-pt.rts, that the labour was incttectuif The (hip taking a very heavy heel, lay down qu ^ on one fide : w hereupon one of the officers inform the captain that the anchor on their bow was und^il water, and that ftie was inevitably gone ■ hcth jumped over the quarter into the water, biddinc hui™ to iollow, which he did. All the crew did thefw while (he took her la(t heel, and inftantly wtni down. The boats, on account of the tide, icre tt fome diftance, but they did their befl to' take fome of the drowning men, whofe cries were excttu inuly piercing. When the fun rofc, they difcovnS a Tandy key, which feemcd about 30 paces Ion? in about four miles diftance. Here, as foon as boats had arrived, they mu(tercd their remai having lo(t 35 men and four prifoners. Very fortunately a fmall barrel of water, aciec. wine, fome bifcuit, and a few mufkcu and' cirttwci boxes, had been preferved. They now reded m I order to recover themfelves, as they fuffered ck«c ingly from the heat of the fun, and the quantity ( falt-water which, while they were fwimming fijlci their ftomachs, and caufcd a moft intolerable thirlll which was ftill more painful, as no water wu allown to be ferved out the firfl day. A guard wu plactv over the prifoners, and the boats were hauled up, in one of which having found a faw and a hammcn they were the better enabled to make prepantio for their voyage : accordingly they proceeded tot up the floor boards of all the boats into upriirhia round which they ftrctched canvas, in order t4 keep the water from breaking into the boats at real likewife to repair another, which was in a very bail condition. Having made tents of the boau faij^ and fct the watch, they went to flcep as foon u i was dark. One of the crew, (Ck)nncll) having in. cautioully drank a quantity of fait water to ealc ht| third, went mad in the night, and behaved fo ouq rageoufly. that they thought the poor creature I dolen the wine and got drunk : in a very (hort tin after he died. Early the next morning the capuin difpttcheu Mr. George Paflmore in one of the boats to vif^ the wreck, in hopes that he might find fomethin that might turn out of fome u& to them. In t\m. two hours he returned with about 15 feet of th lightning chain, which they cut up, being coppti in order to make nails thereof (n refitung thtl boau : he Ukcwifi: brought a piece of the to ' iiufl in his tent. ^ Captain EDWARDS's VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. aj' I ,Q which had b^a brought away, and a cat that ^clingtDg to it. Xbey had boiled fome of (he gigantic cockle. I„cli was cut into iunks ; but the men were fo •" dingly thirfty, that they could not eat. Each oM bid a wine glafs of water in the evening. A OCT parcel of tc4 having been preferved, the offi- ^ joined their allowance, and had tea with the otaiD in his tent. When it was nnade, a fait-cellar feoonful thereof was pafled from one to another, ''^ which they moifiened their mouths by degrees, "Jj derived great benefit from it. Having now madean examination of their fmall «ock it w-*' 'ount' 'I**' ''''''' ^" °^^Y '" allowance (two fmall wine glaffes for i6 days, for each man Btr d»y' T^^^y therefore made ready the little r,jfon without lofs of time, while the captain I ippointed the following order of failing : ' In the Pinnace, Capt. Edwards, Lieut. Hayward. Mr. Richards, mafler's mate. Mr. Packer, gunner. , - i Mr. Edmonds, captain's clerk. Sixteen privates, and three prifoners. In the Launch, Lieut. Corirer. Mr. Gregory Bentham, purfert Mr. Montgomery, carpenter. Mr. Bov ing. mafter's mate. Mr. M'Kendrick, midOiipman. Twenty-four privates, and two prifonera. In the Red Yaul, Lieut. Larkan. Mr. George Hamilton, furgeon. Mr. Reynolds, matter's mate. Mr. Matfon. midfliipman. Eighteen privates, and two prifoners. In the Blue Yaul. Mr. George Paffmore, matter. Mr. Cunningham, boatfwain. Mr. James Innes, furgcon's mate. Meff. Fenwick and Pycroft, midfliipmen. Fifteen privates, and three prifoners. C H A P T E R IV. flfl prt'f^ '" *^'"^ Toyage in the Boati — Curjhry Remarks — Followed by two Canoes— ^ey avoid the Natives, on I tuwint tflbeir favage Affearanct, &c. — Approach an inhabited I/land — Receive fome Water from the Natives ^ire attacked by fome of them— Arrows Ut/ty — Mufauets di/c barged ~- None of either Jide tilled — Refre^ them' Ikti with Sle^ at Laforefs Iftand— Search forlyater—Succefsful—Difcoveries — Fill the Carpenter's Boots 9i7i Water, for want ofUtenfils — Proceed on their Voyage — Difcover fever at Iflands — Difcover Land— Get on Stwt—Vifted by a Chinefe Chief, and fome of the Natives— His Humanity — They are fuppHed by the Natives mth Rtfrejhments— Occurrences— Embark for Caupang— Arrival— Tranfailions— Proceed to Batavia—Land aEHiland. with danger all round. Having run along, they came to an inhabited ifland, from which they pro* mifeJ themfelves a fupply of water. As foon aS they approached the place, the natives flocked down to the beach in crowds. They were jrt black, and neither fex had either covering or girdle. They made fignals of diftrefs to them for fomething to drink, which they underttood, and, on receiving (ome trifling prefents of knivrs, and fome buttons cut off their coats, they biuucht them a cag of good water, which they emptied m a minute, and thea fent it back to be filled again : however, they would not bring it the fecond time, hut put it down on the beach, and made figns to them to come on (bore for it. This they declined, as they obferved the women and children running and fupplying the men with bows and arrows. In a few minutes they let fly a (hower of arrows amongft the boats, but luckily not a man was wounded : an arrow fell between the captain and third lieutenant, and wenC through the boat's thwart and fluck in it. It was an oak plank, inch thick. They immediately dif- charged a volley of mufkets at them, which put them all to flight : there were, however, none of them killed. They now made for other iflands in light, and fent fome armed men on fliore, with orders to keep near them, and run clofe along>fliore in the boats : but they returned without fuccefs. They called this Plumb Ifland, from its bearing a kind of fruit re- fcmbling plumbs, but not fit for ufe. They fleered in the evening for the Prince of Wales's Iflands i and about two o'clock ia the mommg came to an anchor, with a grapnel, along- fide of an ifland, which they called Laforey's Ifland. As this wras the laft place from which they cobid cxpcd any relief, every man had permiflion to re- frefli himfelf with fleep. Early in the morning they were rouMd by the howling of wolves, who retired I as foon as they faw them. Lieut. Comer was dif- patched with a party on Otore to look for fome water. I As IboB as thty landed, they difcovered a foot-path I which led down into « hollow, where they were i led to futp«wc that water might be found } and, oa digging IpACH boat being fupplied with the latitude and I r longitude of the ifland of Timor, the diftance lr',50 miles from this place, about la o'clock on Ilk 10th of Augutt they embarked in their little Ifaidron, having formed a platform by laying the l2o upon the thwarts, whereby they flowed two lyrofmtn. 1 Previous to this there waa made for each boat a I wT of wooden fcales, thac a mufliet-ball weight of l^miRht be ferved to each man. For the lake hiictr better fubfiftence, they kept together, the l^ptrtot their provifions being in the launch, liKicf Lieut. Comer's care. I During night they towed each other, and caft ofi* |tkk)« line about day-break. I Alter this the red and blue yauls proceeded a-head, Loimine and lound the coaft of New South Wales, Isii Jtck a watering-place. Having entered a fine Iw they providentially found a fpring of fine ex- IcdltDt water at the edge of the beach. After they l^faSciently quenched their thirft, they filled two lior. bottles and a tea-kettle. They now made fail ISnibt pinnace and launch, who by this time were Ijgtirdiftant as not to be able to ubferve any fignai lihck the yauls made to them of their fucceis. I Tbccoalt appeared very barren and dreary, and liltr II they could judge of the foil and land the liRitry I'eemed to abound in minerals. When tliey had pafled round the bay, they were itfieJ by two canoes, with three black men in ck,who&rugglcd very hard to come up to them. ielt men lt»od up in the canoes, waved, and lie many iigns to invite them over, but they !d it moil prudent to avoid them, at they wae Jily naked, and had very fierce looks, befidct I had beard an indifiiercot account of theft flwo hours after this they joined the pinnace and [k, who were lying-t» tor them. At ten at t they were alarmed with the dreadful cry of itn a-head. They bad got amongfl a reef of u; and in their prefint condition, being aU Jy worn out and fatigued, it is difficolt to fay I they got out of them, as the place was fraught irKT my an m ma (■ K. \i\i mi ;i'^.'; mm f j|'|lf.'t)^ I- m\ 332 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. i^^iUfTlf It'll' i digging four or five feet, they had the great happi- nefs to fee a fpring rufh out. A fignal of this fuc- cefs wan immediately made to the boats. On traverfing the (hore, tlicv difcovered a morai, or rather a heap of bones. There were amongft them two human fkulls, the bones of f<»me lai^e animal.s and fometurtle-bones, whicli were collected in fuch a manner as to reprefent a grave. Adjoin: ,g this, there were marks of a fire, which had bf'. recently made. Tlie ground about, was nnlc^ trodden and wore ; wlience it was prcfumcd fealts or facrifices had been frequently held, as there were feveral toot-paths which led to this fpot. When they had now drank heartily, they be_:^an to be hunjjry. Some of tlie party fortunately f>nind a few fmall oyftcrs on the (hoie. A harfh, aullcre, •aftringent kind of fiuit, rctembling a plumb, was found in other places. Tlie furgeon having dilco- vcrcd fome to be pi'tked at by the birds, permitted the men to fill their bellies with them. There was a fmall berry, of a fm.ilar tafte to the plumb, which was found by lomc of the party, and wliich they ventured to eat, knowing it hail been made ufc of by the wild hearts. They carefully avoided (hoot- ing ::t any bird, led tlie report of the mufliets (houid alarm tlit natives, wlioin they had every rcafon to fufptifl were at no great didaiice, from the number of foot-pal lis that led over the hill, and the noife fheylieaulai intervals. Ccntincis were placed, to prevent any of their paity from exceeding tlieir proper b>niiuls 3"d when every vtfltl ihcy had was filled with watir, they likewife filled the carpenter's boots, which, (111 account of the leakage of the boots, was fiitl made u(c of. There is a large found formed herr, to which they gave tin- name of Saiuhvich's Sound, and com- modious andioiage for (hipping in the bay, which tlicy called WolfV Biy : there is from five to fcven fathom water all round. This found is loriiuil by Hammond's, Parker's, and A cliilUr ot fmall ill.mds on the rtai board hand, at it:i eaftern cntian^e. Tlity alfu called a back land behind (lammond's llhnd, and the other illands to the foutliwaid ot it, Cornwallis's Lanit. On llie ill lit September they proceeded on their voyage , and in the evening faw a high peaked idand l)ing N.W. uliith they called Hawkelbury's Illand 1 he pafljge through the N. entrance is about two niilfs wide. After jidlling through it, they faw a reef, and had but thiee fathom water: on hauling up more to the S. \V. they had fix fathoms. When they had cleared the leef they lliKul wellwaril, hav- ing fceii fome very large turtle, nunc of which fl ey could catch. As loon as they hjd entered the gicat Indian ocean, arid cleared the land, they found a very heavy fwcll 1 unning, which threatened dellrudion to thru boats. I i.r their mutual piclcrvation, they took each other i:i tow ; but the fea was fo rough, and the fwell running fo high, they towed very haul, and broke a new tow-line. This put them i:i the utmoU confufion, being afraid of dafhing to pieces upon each uilier, as it was a very dark night. 1 hey again made fall to each other; but the tow-line bieakiiig a iecond liir.e, they were obliged to truli iheiiilelves to the mercy of the waves. At five in the morning the (.uiiiace lay-to, as the other boats had palled her under a daik cloud ; but on the iig- iial being made for the boats to join, they again met at day-light. They faw (cvcral black and ycl low (Iripcd fea (nakcs, which were very remarkable. On the 5th and 6ih the (ca ran very crufs and higfc, and the tow«linc broke fevei a! times ; tlic boat.s ftntined, and made much water, and they were tbligcd to leave off towing the red of the v jyage, or it would have dragged the boats afunJer. On the 7th the captain's boat caught a booby. They fucked his blood, and having cut liiai ioio :4 fliarct, C4ch had a divifiun. As they were mote thirfly then hungry, they dM not weigh ihrir (lender allowance of bread a what was not claimed was thrown into the eenp 1 dock. '■ "^' On the o'h they pafTed a great ma Nautilus fi(h, the (hell of wliiclHervcd thcin to " their g'afs of water into; by which means the' had more time qi anted to dip their finger In J and wet their mouths by fl.iw degrees, wliich'''i dulgenc' was a great fatisfaclicm. '"' ' Kaily on the 13th they faw the land, and thedif coverer was immediately rewarded with io\(.\ of water; howeVd-, to their mortification, it M[\ deid calm. The b^afs now all feparated, everv * pufhing t(i make the lind. Next day they g ,t „"" it! but there was a prodigious furf running, r'.' of their men Hung a bottle ab-iut their' ncc"* ' jumped ovtt hoard, and fwanj through tin; i ' fhcy traverfed over a good many mile", till a crcc!- interceptcd them ; .vhen they came down to tl^ beach, and made lignsto the reft in theooats of n t having (ucceeded. They then brought the boat near the fi f as they durft venture, and pickti them up. In running along the coaft, about twcj • o'clock, they had the pleafurc to fee the icd.H get into a cieek. 6lie had hoifted an Eii;.|iih JI: at her inaft-head, that the other might olii'avcli ^' in running down the coart. There was a picj;,- fuif, and many dangerous (h(r'- • ^ ous luir, an>i many oangerous Jlioals, Lctu • them and the mouth (d the creek j ' howc" havinj; drank up the remainder of i\ tiny recovered their fpiiit;., and by the aiii;jj of Mr. Reynolds, the martei':-injte, wtu flioie. T!ic rc.i yaul was alTifted in landing by tlic bluej which had reached Ihoie fume lime befoie lurcoiJ krt. 1 hey difcovered fome excellent water ntii tiiecieek, of which having drank plcntifjjiv tic placed a guard over the prifoners, and laydmlnud the grals. in order to reficlh iheiiiielvis. They weie vifitcd by a canoe in the aftcrnoonl wherein was a Lhinefcchief, who was an old vcncl rable looking man, and feveial attendants, n crew of the boats immediately approached, to iai foiiii him of their misfortunes, and implore |J aflllUncc. As he underllood neither l-'rtnch nu LngliQi, they could not make him under lUnd . language, but they liion made huii lenfiblc ot thd diUiels by figns. This chief was lo llrongly aiicaa with their giief, that th^fympathizing leu's f;u (ha, town his cheeks: he informed ihem by lij>n,s, tlid they (hould be itinnediately lupplied with iiui'icitj con.iuct them to lAiupang for nothing •, but th geneious cdlVr they wcie obliged to decline, on at Cduni ot the pnloneis; he likewilc promifcd thcj the bed rcfrcihmentii that could be provided, jq piclenily after they leceivetl a ijuantiiy of lowlj pigs, bread and milk, fiom the natives, who na lainedown in laige bodies to fee them, and trj| hcktrd Willi them tor anchor buttons. I'liey no* began to boil pork, and road Uv\ and this evening enjoyed themfclvci over a hci luppcr: they then lay down to repofc ihcnilci* bell lie the fire. The lird lieutenant and niillj went on btiaid the boais, which weie at anchor i ;lie middle of the river, for the better (ccurityi the pi doners. 1 he natives not being able in l,ibJ here in the day-lime, on account jf the inimcj lieat of the fun, perform all their hard work id i nighi, during which they fing, and all the vil ia w.ir-honp: indeed became (0 general, that every nolle crea^ apprehcntiuns ; fume thought they heard a bead roaring ; otheri, being fuddenly awoke] I lawn of day by the huntfman's halloo, concluf the Indian* were coming to attack them. Captain EDWARDS's VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. ^32 "j^ I The next day. being the i6th of Sept. they went tilt cf^^'* '" ""'^ "* '''^ boats about tour miles onler to piirchaic lome (Jiovifions tor tlieir Op • in oiuLi vw (....^..^.^ , |( lioics at one ot [heir towns. 1 hey met the y'tff wlio was both well mounted and attended as I'on'as they entcicd the town-, but his majelly arcely vcuchi'aftd them a look. They left this 'bee at noon, having procured feme pigs, &c. and r it was daik whil'- tiiey were tailing along the I" U tiiey put into a bay, tor tear they might t)ver- Lyt tiicir port ; and having hallooed and made a li-ilcupi'n kcing a light on lliore, the natives came them Willi toVthcs, and aflilled them on land. Ti.jy then Uindled fires, and drttlcd their viftuais, LietJtd on ihcir voyage, and landed at (Joupang J ilie aftc.iioon. ll,ey were vLfy kindly received, and hofpitably . I, j both by the governor and lieutenant go- "I'l.i.i'ot this place. Ihey remained here live I '. i;s; duiiiig which time the governor cndca- '^kJ '" render the place as agreeable as pollible: lUwcrcluniptuouUy entertained at histaWcevery 'j,^', while caids or oncerts were prepared for the ,v(iiiim'^ amulement. j,ii,c "'"" ''""■■ l^eforc '1"^ captain's arrival, a v.^iuim' on flioic here with eight men, a woman, J i,Mi children. Thele people pretended they "if 1)1" (^^ '^"^ '-^^^ •■'* ^" Lnglilh brig wrecked '',i,olc leas, and that the rell with their captain lijuuiraicd troni them at lea in an< thcr boat: «thn' ' I'^v on the Uritilh government, they weie ' ini Willi every thing they required, while the Uff' behaved to them with untommon atten- ■ J A whiniiical adventure, however, led to a Llicovfivot thele people : as loon asCapt. Edwards ' ,,j ilic captain ot a Dutch Lall-lndiaman (who LiuliiiK'' "• "•'"■ tip'-"" having arrived. Ihcir '° ' ami contuhtin nowdcmonrtratcd that they |f(iciiiil'<'"""'J "1'"" which they weie oidered to Lri'Hhindcd, and conlined in the callle. Hie L,nl.i,i, iiid «">c «t «'>«•• ">c". ^^^ '"t" •'"= woods, ^ i,(ic loon taken. I'hcy conteffcd they were K'inhcoiivicki.whohadelcapcd troni Hotany bay k,(,i .illiltancc ot the governoi's tilhcrman, who I'jiigoiid leamin and navigator, and whole time «i,»iil|!i)rtation was expired. The performance ot 1^^ voyage dilpUyed uncommon Ikiil, and their jociDali allordcd both intcielting and curious IJtcJoHS. UKcmhang Indiaman, under the command of [if'M Dullctierg, was now fitting oiu for lea. lj!lii> vdUl the captain and his people inUnilcd to (jbiituii Uatavia. ^ B{iih.r/.ai's burial took place during ih;, c.iptain s liv liiir. l his was the laic king of Coupang ; ttdtl.i: ;;iiviinor, lieutenant governor, »«d ill the ii;iopiJr,>, were invited upon the Iblemn ocealion; aun IS the body was inte:red, ilie compan/s l,c,|'^li^al three volleys, and about 4O00 people lilt lived with rehelhiiicuts. A fuinptuous din- Ki yiij likcwile prepaied lor the Dutch and Lnglilh (jeer, while the liilt toall thai was drank was the ;;.j kmn's btitllh. i here w ere Itveial other curious li,;.. I lie young king was now inverted with I'le it,i.U!i^niiy ; the ceremony of which confiftcd in liiJiiiikiiig a bumper «)t brandy and gunpowder, ikh \u» lliried lound with tlic point of a Iword. »h{ii iiillallcd he went to pay his rclpcfts to the jovtiniii, picceded by mulic and colourt. Tlicaiiiiiiurer was now employed in forging bolts idlettcis liir the priloncrs and convicls. The Kcnibang Dutch Indiaman being now ready, lit) cnihaiketl on board ot her the 6tl» of Odobcr, ftltouk with them the prifoners and convids. km this til the 1 2th they had frcquqfit calms, and duiciiciiher. In palling the Straits of Alice thcjr Uuccl much flckncU. No. 10, , ' A very dreadful florm arofe while they were palling the Ifland of Flores. The fails of the velTel were in a fhort time broke to pieces : the made a quantity of water, while the pumps were fo choaked that they were quite ufelefs. During this there was dreadful thunder and lightning ; and they were driving down with great impetuofity on a favage fhore, about fevcn miles under their lee. In this dilemma, the Dutch Teamen were fo terri< fied that they retired from deck, while the Englilh iailors, with extraordinary exertions, combated with the tempeft, and prcferved the Ihip. There is no doubt but the Dutch are very refolute, and willing to labour, but they are always difmayed at thunder and lightning. On the 21 ft they got through Alice, and per- ceived three pi oas; whereupon they made prepa- ratious to defend themfelves, but met with no occalion. On the 2 2d they difcovercd the iQands of Kanga- junk and Ulk, and ran through the channel which lies between them. On the 2jd they faw the lUand of Madeira. On the 26th the liland of Java ; and anchored at Sama- lang on the joth. As loon as they came to anchor they difcovercd their tender here, which they imagined had been loll. Their furpiile on this occafion could only be cqualletl by their pleafure. It is impollible to paint that excels of joy which naturally took place, or deli;ribe thole noble emotions, the praife-worthy I'ympathy which marked every countenance, while imparting to each other their mu^'jal I'ufferings. I he lollowing is Mr. Oliver's account of the lutTerings which his men endured during their leparatiun ; " The night vve parted company, the favage* " attacked us in a regular and powerful body, in " their canoes ; and as they never faw a European '* vellcl before, nor were able to conceive any idea *• of hre-arms, the conflift, of courfe, lallcd lunger " than it olherwile would ; tor, feeing no millive ■* weapon made ufc ot, when their companions were " killed, they did not fufped any thing to be the " mattet .vith them, as they tumbled into the water. " Our leveii-barrelled pieces made great havock " ainongU them. One tellow had agility enough •• to fpiing over their boarding-netting, and was " levelling a blow with his war-club at me, but " luckily i ihot him dead before he cfieded his " purpulc. >■ On nut finding the fiiip next day, we gave up " all further hopes of her, and ftcere alone } but tluy were foon overpowered with th« " fire-arms. We were, howercr, obliged to be " much on our guard afterwards, at thofe iilauds •' which were inhabited. ' \het much divcrfity of dtArefs, and fimilar '* encounters, we at tail made the reef that runs " between New Ouiney and New Holland, where " the Pandora met her unhappy fate ; and after " travcrfing iruui (hoic to fliore, without finding '* an opening, we boldly gave it the ftem, and beat •* over the reef. The ^tcrnative was dreadful* " as famine prefented itfelf on the one hand, and *' (hipwreck on the other. « Wc were foon landed at a fmall Dutch fettle. " mcnt s but the guvcroor having a dcfcription of *< 3 N , « the ] ( -lie- itf?* , ' ' irpii!!§i»i .'-iiij p/v-iia '■K,- it " iliilWr* »: )\\r «34 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. " the Bounty's pirates from our court) and our " veffel being built of foreign timbet-, ferved to " conbrm them in their fufpicions { and as no offi- " cer in the Britifli navy bears a commiffion or «' warrant under the rank of lieutenant, where, by «• feal of office, their perfon or quality may be iden- " tified, they had only their bare word to depend " on. They, however, bchayed to us with great « precaution and humanity : although they kept a " ftriA guard over us, nothing was withheld to " render our fituation agreeable i and wc were fent, " under a proper efcort. to this place." The town of Samarang is remarkable for its beauty and regularity ; the houfes (which arc very hand- fonie) built all in a very fanciful manner. Every ftrcet terminates with a public building, which gives it much confequence. This fettlement being exceedingly lucrative, the governor is changed every five years. It is reckoned next to Datavia. Notwithftanding the beauty of the town, it is fuf- fering much from the introduction of canals, which will no doubt render the place in time exceedmgly unwholefome, by the putrid exhalations which muft confcquently arife from the ftagnant water. While Captain Edwards was here, a regiment of the Duke of Wurtemberg were doing duty : leveral perfons of rank and fafliion were among them, who behaved exceedingly polite to the captain and his people. The Dutch here are continually at civil war, as many difagrccments arife from their fnpplying the petty princes with ammunition and warhke uores. fly means of thefc diflientions, the number of pri- Ibners :re confiderable, and the flave trade, which is compr/cd rf thefe, amply fupplied thereby. Not long ago, however, thefe people rebelled, and forced the Dutch to retire within their trenches. The people of this place make it a rule to bathe every morning and evening, in a fine river appro- priate to that purpofc, which runs in the centre of the town, and »s exceedingly convenient. Captain Edwards and his men, during their ftay, availed themfelves occafionally of this cuftom, whuh proved a confiderable benefit, by recovering their lirength. Though this place abound* with many advantages, it it ttill attended with feveral evils : even in the enjoyment of the refreihing ftream. the people arc fubjeft to the venomous bites of fnaket, alligators, andf other reptiles, with which this land overflows. There is one particular fnake, which is exceedingly frightful, and which creeps upon the ground : it is called the Cowk Cowk, and makes a noif ' parti- cular times like a cuckoo clock. It is fomething between the toad and lizard, about a foot and a halt long : its bite is reckoned mortal, and it is dreaded very much even by the inhabitants. The alligators, which are very numerous here, are equally daring and dangerous. It is faid that feveral who have been bathing about the (halluw parts of the river above the town have been devoured by thefe. The governor informed both Captain Edwards and Sur- geon Hamilton, that one day while he was hunting, his black boy being obliged to crofs a ihallow part of the river, wai inihntly feiced by an alligator; upon which be difmounted, and having flew the alligator, happily rdcued the youth out of his mouth. There is a diforder, fomething like the fmall-pox, which is very prevalent here. A perfon only expc- riencet it once in his life, during hi* infancy, and feldom or ever dies of it i induration, however, is much longer than that of the fmalUpox. Having left Samarang they arrived in a few diyi at BatBvu, while feveral of the crew were confined with ficknefi. Immediately on their arrival the fick people were fent to the hofpiial. While proceeding down the Qiaai, ftvtni detd bodiet which were floating. (Iruck the boat, and aftbrdcu no agreeable fpeftade I efpecially to tick people. ' | Having left Batavia in order to make for th cape, one of the convifts, before they had left Javi I jumped overboard in the night, and fwam tu tli I Dutch arfenal at Honroolt. I They faw the relics of Lord Cathcart, while pafllng Banton. They pafled the ifland of Sumatri .vithout meeting any thing material. I During their paflage through the (lraii»hts of Sunda they fuFcred great ficknels, in conlaiuence of which fevei-al of the crew died. Their paflage to the Cape of Good Hope was I ejcceeditigly tedious and difagreeable. As foon jj they arrived they met witli many civilities, parti I cularly from a Colonel Cordon, a gentlenun of I well known literary and military abilities. During their lUy they were very much (Icligl.tci v.'?»h the gaiety of the town, as the inhabitants pn. I take much of the manners of Bath. They n femiiij the Englilh more than the Dutch in their dicis and cuftoms. An uncommon rage has lately taken place here for building. Their houfes, however, are not (i, neat as thofe of Samarang, though ihey m\y hA more pleafing to the generality of Ipciftators, icfm, that their flyle is gaudy, and confcquently Idikin^ at firft fight, whereas that of Samarang is thaftc and will bear fcrutiny. ' There are feveral gardens here, but they fiiffcrfx. ceedingly from the quantity of monkeys with whch the place is infefted. The curious mode priiti ,| by thefe antic creatures in making depredations on gardens, is thus defcribed by Surgeon Hamilton: •• They place a proper piquet, or advanced " guard, as centinels, when a party is drawn u) " in a line, who hand the fruit from one to ano. " ther, and when the alarm is given by the pi.iuct " guard, they all take flight, making "(ure ijui by '• tliat time the booty is conveyed to a conlidfnbic " difiance. But fliould the piquet be ncgllgei.t in " their duty, and fuffer the main body to be liir. " prifed, the dehnquents are fcverely pupifhed. " The town here is likewife interffded and cnnft. quently fpoiled by canals, which are carried to th': top of a mountain. Indeed the Dutch never think of fludying wholefomenefs ; the very fiolpital i$ an example of their indifference towards health, tnr the windows are fo very Imall, that the patients therein are deprived of the falutary effetli of jir. They remained fome fliort time at the cape for the purpofe of recovering their fick, who wen- treated in a very kind manner, and rrrrived all the afliflanre which the place could aftord. I he captain and the reft ot his people ftill cx()erienccil a continuance of favours and politenels, and tharrd much in the diverfions of the place. After they had fufiiciently rcfrefhed themlelves here, tliry tciok leave of their friends, and prepared tor their de- parture. Having left the cape they paffed St. Helena, the ifland of Afcenfion, and arrived at Holland. In a (hort time after they had the incxpreillble felicitjr of being landed again on their native fliore. §rf- Havinj^ thus laid before the Public a full mi accurate account of Cabtain Edwards's Voya^t, in the Pandora Frigate, the Launch, Pinnace, Red and tii:ie Vauls, we Jhall new proceed with the intcrej/itij^ Vcyiijir of CJaf>tain Ctek, which, for the fake of pvinf^ in the moft copint and J'atisfaitory manner, feveral dtfcriP' tiont and difcoveries have been tmitted in our precidinfi Voyages, for the fake of introducing them in txft, ii order to give the credit, where it is due, lo their oni^ind difceverer. Hit firft Voyage in bis MajeJIy's Shp the Endeavour, Jhall be our firft cart, the rejl Jhall ht in- troduced in dumerder, while the third and laji Viyaii^i Jhall contain the unfortunate death of thii much iamtrtrJ navigator, with curfiry anecdotes of his life. * '' A NEW, A NEW, COMPLETE, and GENUINE HISTORY OF A VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD, I N His MAJESTY'S SHIP the ENDEAVOUR, UNDER THE COMMAND OF Captain JAMES COOK, Undertaken and Performed in 1768, 1769, 1770, and 1771 BEING The FIRST Voyage of that Celebrated Navigator, Including all the Adventures, Discoveries, Information, &c. contained in the Journals and Communications of Captain COOK, Sir JOSEPH BANKS, Dr. SOLANDER, &c. B(in* an Entire New History bf all thore Interefting Occurrences and Important Discoveries which were made in the SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE, &c. during a Period of nearly Three Years, in which Time the Circumnavigation of the Globe was completed. I Which, btfidcs the fevcral othei- VOYAGES as well as TRAVELS with which this valuable Collection is to abound, will be Embdlilhed with a Variety of Elegant COl'PER-PLATES, Drawn upon the Spot, »nd Engraved by Eminent Artifis. INTRODUCTION. THE following Voyage, being the FirJt per- formed by the celebrated Captain Cook, was underlakcn by order of hit prefent Majciiy, pnndpjlly for the pnrpofe of making difcoverics in the Southern Hemifphere, which might tend to the idvjntage of future navigatori. Accordingly tlw EnilfavDur, a bark of 310 tons, which bad beai oriRinally built for the coal trade, was by toyjl amhoiity devoted to the fcnrice of Captain Cook, having on board ten carriage and twelve fwivd guns. Captain Cook wan appointed com- mindcr of this veflel, and while (he wa» equippinB for the voyage fevcral bold adventurcn procured the Captain's (wrmiflion to accompany him : among I tiiemoft celebrated of the party wai Mr. (""w Sir Jofcph) Banks; this gentleman wai poffeffed of I (oolidrablc landed property in Lincolnflure, and upon his leaving the Univerfity of Oxford in 1763 !)( miJe a voyage to the coaft of Newfoundland ud bbradore. Far from being difcouraged with ill the (lifliculties and dangers which attended his firii expedition, he deterniined on accompanying the Icipiiinin this voyage. I here W3I alfo Dr. Solander, a native of Sweden. lid 1 gentleman of acknowledged abilities, who I bid fiudied under the famous Linnaeus, and was I juilly celebrated for his natura! philofophy. Mr. I Binks engaged the do^or to accompany him, who 's, but .IS foon as they were put into the water the> fepaiatcd, and fwam about, fhining with a brightiK fs that relVmbled the vivid colour of a gem. J lure was alio another of thefe animals, which exceeded any that wc had yet difcovered in brightnels and variety : it was equal in colour and fplendor to thole of an opal. We alfo caught feveral birds among the rigging uf the fhip, wlien about ten leagues ilillancc from Cape 1 inilUrre, which Linna-us had not notic- ed. On the 12th we difcovered Puerto .Santo and Madeira J and on the ijth moored with the llrcam anihor in the road of I unchiale. Mr. Weir, the jiialUr's mate, was iinfortunately carried overboard and drowned, while heaving up the anchor. The illand of Maileira, upon i)cing approached from the lea, appears exceeding beautiful, the fides of the hills being covered with plantations of vines, which are i;recn when all kinds of herbage, except here and there, are burnt up, which at this time happened to be fo. As no one is lu tiered here to land from on boanl afliip, without previouj periniilion, u b«)at came to us from the officers of health in the forenoon of the day wc had anchored, and leave being granted, we landed accordingly at I'unchialc, which is ihc chief town in the illand, and proceeded dircdlv to the I houfc of a Mr. Che,i[), a confiderable merchant an,! at that time the f'nglifh ronful, who gate m a'vorvi warm reception, and treated us with unconim, politends and civility. We continued on the illand only five davs, d^r - which time the fe.ilon ii.ippt.ncd to be the iorVim the jear tor fearcning after natural curiolitirs. No; I withltandmg this unUvourabIc opportiiimv Ml Bank* and Dr. Solander were determined onljii' fying their curiofity as much as pollihle: t'lcfel gentlemen, acccordingly, by the kind allidimcotl Dr. Hcberden, who i^ the chief phyficun ol I'lel ifland, and brother to I.V. Heberifen, of London | after an exuirfion about three miles from theto«n| col!ecte en- quired alter and found the tree called Laura liidichs he fuppoles the wiK)d of this to be what is called Madcir.» maliogany, there being no r^al mshogmy in Madeir.1. The people of M.ideira are very deficient intratiJ having no other article to export than wine. TIk Madeira wine is made by prelling out the juice mi fquare wooden vclfel. The fi/.c of this is prop(iri tioned to the quantity of winc; and the fcrvantsj having taken off their llockings and jackets, get inid it. and with their elbows and feet prcfs out asinikli ot the juice as they can. In like manner the lialsi, being tied together, are prclfcd under a Iquare pirci of wood, by a lever with allone fallcncd tothcciiif of it. While wc remained upon this ifland there McrJ no whcel-earriagcs to be Iccn, nor have the pfnpJ any thing that rcfemblcsthem, except a hollow Iwiii or fledge, upon which thofc wine veflcls arc draws that are too big to be carried by hand. They hivl alfo horlcs and mules, verv proper for their roadij but their win« is, notwichftanding, brought totouf from the vinc)ards where it is made in vdUIsi goat-lkins, which are carried by men on ihcij heads. rile inhabitants of Madeira are ingenious, but II from indullrious. The country is indebted to mm for many gifts. The foil is U> very rich, ami ilici is fuch a variety in the climate, that there is fcarccJ at! article, either of the ncccHliries or luxuries of litif uhid COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the Smth Seas 6c Round the fVor/d. ^hich cannot probably be cultivated here. On the hills walnuts, chcfnuts, and apples flourifh, almolt without culture. Pine-apples, mangoes, guanas, and bananas, yrow almoft fpontancoully in the town. They have corn which is large grained and fine, and it might be produced in plenty; but for want of being attended to, all they confume is imported from other coun- tries. Beef, mutton, and pork are remarkably good, and the captain took fome of the fornjcr on board for his own ufe. thifbiale (which took its name from Ii>iicb0, figni- fving fennel in the Portuguefc language) is fimatc at the bottom of a bay, and though it is extenlive in pro- portion to the rell of the ifland, it is but poorly built, and the ftrcets arc narrow and badly paved. The churches are full of ornaments, with pidurcs and images of faints; the firft arc, for the moft part, wretchedly executed, and the latter are dreflcd in laced cloaths. The tafte of the convents, efpecially of the Francifcans. is better ; ncatnefs and fimplicity being united in moft of the deligns of the latter. The inRr- inary alio is a piece of good architedure, and one of the moft confuL-rablc in this place. In this convent is I fmall chapel, the whule lining of which, both fides .ind ceiling, is coinpoftd of human fculls and thigh hemes the thigh bones arc laid acrofseach other, and a (cull is placed in each ot the four angles. When we vifitcJ the good fathers, jiift before fupper-timc. thev received us with great civility. " We will not a(k you," fjid they, " to fuppcr with us, becaufe wc are not pre- pared, but if you will come to-morrow, though it is a lilt-day, we will have a turkey roaftcd for you." This noliie invitation it was not in our power to accept. There are many high hills in this iftand ; Pico Ruivo in particular is near 5100 feet high. To a certain height thelchills are covered w ith vines, alwve which are num- hfrs of chefnuts and pine-trees ; and above thefe again whole torefts of various forts of trees. The Mirmu- lanoand Paobranco which arc found among them, arc unknown in Europe. The latter of thefe is very beau- ntul, and would be a great ornament to our gardens. The number of inhabitants in Madeira are computed to amount lo alxmt eighty thoufand ; and the cuftom- hoiilc duties produce to the king of Portugal a revenue 01:9,3031. a year, clear of all expences. But the balance of trade is agamft the ixxiple ; for all their mo- ney go»n;' to l,ilb)n, the ciincncy of the ifland is in Sjiamlh. This coin confdUth of piftcrccns, worth about a (hilling; bitts about (ixpcnce, and half bitts worth about ilucc-pcncc. On the 1 9th ot September the Endeavour failed from M.ulcira, and on the 21ft we faw the iftaiuls called the Salvaj;is, northward of the Canaries. The principal oftheic was about five leagues to the fouth half weft. On t!ie :jd the Peak of 'lenctilTc bore weft by fouth h.ilf r»iih. Its .ippearance at fun-fet was very ftriking ; for when moft part of the iftand appeared of a deep hlick, the mountain ftill nftcdled rays, and glowed »iih a warmth of colour which no painting can cx- pnfj. There is no eruption of vilible fire, but a heat iirucs from the chinks near the top, too ftrong to be hnrne by the hand when held mar thciu. The height of this mountain is 1 5.1'/) feet, which is but one hun- difil and forty-eight y.irds lefs than three miles. On the loth we faw Buna Vifta, one of the Cape de Vcril I (lands, in latitude 16 deg. north, and longitude jideg. 51 inin. weft In our courfc to Tcncritfc, «c ohiervcd numbers of Hying fiftj, which appeared very beiutiful, their fides refcmbling burniflicd filver. On the 7th of Oclober Mr. Banks went out in a boat, and caught what-our failors call a PortugUefe man of war 1 together with feveral ftiell fifties, or tef- taicous animals, whicTi are always found floating upon ilic«atcr; and on the ijth thisgemlcman ftiot a black- iiKil gull, not defcribcd by Linnwus, and whole dung IS of a red colour. We had now variable winds, with luinc Ihovvcrs ol rain, and the air was fo damp as to Jjinige our utcnfils conliderably. 0.1 the 25th wc crolTod the line with the ufual cere- mnnics; and on the i8th when the Ih'p was in the la- titude of Ferdinand Noronha, longitude 33 dcg. 5 min. wc(f, we began to look out for the ifland, and for the llioals which are laid down as lying between it and the main; but neither the iftand nor ftioals could be difcovcrcd. On the 29th wc perceived that luminous appearance of the fc.i mentioned by navigators, which emitted rays like thofo of lightening. As Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander were not thoroughly fatisfied with any of the caufcs hitherto afTigncd for this phaenomenon, and fufrpoling it was occafioned by fome luminous ani- mals, they threw out a cafting net, in order to try by experiment whethet they were right in their conjec^t tures. A fpecies of the MediiCa was taken, which bore fome rcfemblance to metalline fiibftance greatly heated, and emitted a whitiih light ; they caught alfo fome crabs which glittered very much; animals which had not before been taken notice of by the curious re» fcarchers into the fccrets of nature. As provifions by this time began to grow ftiort, wc rcfolved fo put into the harbour of Hio de Janeiro; and on the 8th of November wc faw the coaft of Bralil. Upon fpcaking with the crew of a Portu- guefe fifhiii^ boat, we were informed by them, that the land which wc faw was to the fouth of Santo F.fpirito, Mr. Banks, having bought of thefe pecplc fome fitli, was furprizcd, that they required F.nglilh (hillings: he gave them two which he happened to have about him ; for he imagined Spanifti filver to have been the only currency, and it was not without fome difputc that they took the reft of the money in piftcrccns The fredi fifti which was bought for about nineteen fhillings, fervcd the whole fhip's company. We ftood off ana on ailing fliore till the i;th, having in view fuccedively C"a|)e Thomas and an iftand jurt without Cape Frio, and then made fail for Uio de Janeiro on the 1 3th in the morning Capt, Cook fcnt his firft lieutenant in the pinnace before to the city, to inform the governor, that wc had put into that port in order to procure refrefhments, and a pilot to bring us into proper anchoring ground. The pinnace re» turned, but the lieikenant had been detained by the viceroy, till the captain ftiould come on (hore, Wher» the ftiip had come to 40 anchor, a ten oared boat filled with foldiers approached, and rowed round her, but no converfation took place. Afterwards another boat appeared, which had feveral of the viceroy's officers or, board. They enquired from whence the Endea* vour came ? what was her cargo? what number of mea and guns fhe carried.' and to what port the was bound? which queftions having been pundually and truly an- fwered, the Portuguefc officers apologized for having detained the lieutenant, and pleaded the cuftom of the place in excufc for their behaviour. On the 14th Captain Cook went on (hore, and ob.. tained leave to furnifh the ftiip with provifions ; but this pcrniidion was clogged with the conditions of em- ploying an inhabitant as a fadlor, and of fending a foldier in the lindeavour's boat every time ftie came from fhnre to the vefTcl. To thefe uncivil terms tho Ciptain made many objedions ; but the viceroy was determined to infift on tht n, neither would he permit Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander to lemain on ftiore, nor furter the former to go up the country to colled plants. Captain Cook conceiving from thefe and other marks of jealoufy, that the viceroy thought they were come to trade, ufcd all his endeavours to convince hitn of the contrary ; and acquainted him, that they were bound to the South Seas, to obferve the tranfit of Venus over the difk of the fun, an objetit of great confcf quence to the improvement of navigation; but the vice- roy by his anfwer feemed to be entirely ignorant of this phconomenon. An officer was now aopointed to attend the captain, which order he wasdeiired to un* dcrftand as an intended compliment : however, whea he would have declined fuch a ceremony, the vkciojr very politely forced it upon him. Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were not a little ch«« Igrined on hearing that they would not be perniitted to refide on fliore, and ftill more fu when they underftood, that they were not evrn allowed to ^uit th; fl)ip 1 for . , rtw. till ■"I It I.' t I ill m Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. the viceroy had ordered, that the captain only, wiih I'uch Tailors as were requived by their duty, Ihould conie on flioie. Whether this arofe from his jealoufy in regard to trade, or from the apprchcnfions he en- tertained of the extraordinary abihties of the two gen- tlemen in fcarch of new difcoverics, it is certain that they were highly difagrcrnble to Mr. Banks and the Doilor, who weic rcfolved, if pofllble, to evade the order. With this view they attempted to go on fliore, but were ftopped by the guard-boat { yet fevc- ral of the crew, without the knowledge of the centi- Qel, let them'''lves down by a rope from the cabin window into t.ic boat about midnight, and drove away with the tid' till they were out of hearing. They af- terwards lai. led on an unfrequented part of the coun- try, and WL-re treated by the inhabitants with great civility. Capt. Cook, uneafy under the reftridions of the viceroy, remonftrated with him, but the latter would return no other anlwcr, than that the king his matter's orders mud be obeyed. The Captain, thus tcpulfed, and much difplcaftd, refolvcd to go no more on fliore, rather than, whenever he did fo, to be treated as a prifoner in his own boat ; for theofHcer viho was fo polite as to accompany him, conftantly attended him, both to and from the fhorc. Two memorials •were now drawn up and prcfcnicd to the viceroy, rtne written by the captain, and the other by Mr. Banks; but the anfwcrs returned were by no means liitisfaOlory. Several papers paflTed between them and the viceroy to no good purpofe, the prohibition flill remaining as before ; from whence the captain thought it ncccifary, in order tc vindicate his own compliance, to urge the viceroy to an »i\ of force in the execu- tion of his orders. For this purpofe he fent lieute. nant Hicks with a packet, giving him his order not to admit of a guard in his boat. As this gentleman was refolvcd tc obey his captain^ commands, the oiTicerufthe guani- boat did not oppofc him by force, but acqua nted the viceroy with what had happened, on which the lieutenant was fent away with the packet unopened. When rcturntd, he found a guard of ful- dicrs placed intlic boat, and infifted on their quitting it. Whereupon the olficer ftized the boat's crew and conducted thtm under an cfcort to prifon, and the lieutenant was fent back to the (hip guarded: When the captain was infortncd of this tranfadion, he wrote to the viceroy to demand his boat and hercrew, inclof- ingthc memorial which Mr. Hicks his lieutenanihad brought back. Thefe papers he fent by a petty officer to a^ oid continuing the difpuie concerning the guard, which muft have been kept up by a commiflioned officer. An anfwcr was nowpromifed by the viceroy ; but before this could arrive, the long-boat, which had four pipes of rum on board, was driven to windward, (the rope breaking that was thrown from the (hip,) together with a fmall (kiff that was fattened to the boar. Immediate orders wercgiven for manning the yawl, which, being difpatched accordingly with pro- per dircdions, returnea, and brought the people on board the next morning ; from whom Captain Cook learned, that the long-boat having filled with water, they had brought her to a grappling and quirted her, and falling in with i reef ot^ rocks on their return, thev were forced to cut the fattening of Mr. Banks's little boat, and fend her adrift. Ine captain now difpatchcd another letter to his excellency, wherein he informed him of the accident, dcfired he would aSitt hi with a boat to recover his own, and, at the fame .: I'C, renewed his demand of the delivery of the pin- i "\* and hercrew. The victroy granted the rcquett, : I his anfwer to the captain's rcmonttrancc, fug- gciii.vJ fomc doubts that he entertained, whether the EIndcavour \/as really a king's (hip, and alfo accufcd the crew of fmuggling. Capt. Cook, in his reply, (aid, that he was willing to flicw his commifTion, ad- ding, if any attempt (liould be made to carry on a contraband trade, ne rcquctted his excellency would order the offender to be taken into cuttody . The dif- piitc being thus terminated, Mr. Banks attempted to 1^ elude the vigilance of the guard, which he foui,j means to do, and got fafe on fliore on the 26th in the morning. He took care to avoid the town, and paflcd the day in the fields, where he could belt era tify his curiofity. Mr. Banks found the country pto pic inclined to treat him with civility, and was invucj to their habitations. But it was afterwards heard, that fearch had been making for this gentleman when ab fent. He and Dr. Solander, therefore, refolvcd to run no more rifques in going on fliore, while they remained at this place. On the I ft of December, having taken in water and provifions, we got, with leave from i , viceroy a pilot on board, but the wind prevented us from put- ting to fea. A Spanifli packet from Buenos Ayres" bound for Spain, arriving the next day, the captain of her with great politencfs oflTercd to take our letters to Europe. The favour was accepted, and Captain Cook delivered into his hands a packet for the fecretary of the Admiralty, containing coj^ies of all the papers that had patted between him and the viceroy, leaving the duplicates with his cxcllcncy. On the 5th wc weighed anchor, and towed down the bay, but were flopped at Santa Cruz, the principal fortification, the order from the viceroy to let us pafs, hy an ijn.iccountable ncgli. gence, not having; been lent ; fu that it was not tilllhc 7th that we got under fail. When wc had paffed the fort theguard-boat left us.and our pilot was difchargcd It wasobferved, during our fluy in this harbour, that the air was filled with butterflies, chiefly of one kind and thegreatert part above our matt-head, tif the town and neighbouring country wc (hall give the fol, lowing defcription. Rio de Janeiro was probably fo called bccaufcdifco- vered on the feftival of St. Januarius, from whence wc may fuppofc the river Januarius took its name, and alfo the town, which is the capital of the Portugucfe in America. This town is fituated on the weft fide of the river, from which it is extended about three quar. tersof a mile. The ground whereon it ftands is a level plain. It is defended on the north fldeby a hill, that extends from, the river, having a fmall plain which contains the fuburbs and king's dock. On the fouth isanotherhill runningtowardsthc mountains which are behind the town. This is neither ill defigncd nor ill built J the hoiifes in general arc of ftone, and two (lo- ries high i every lioufe having, after the manner of the Portuguefe, a fmall balcony before its windows, and a lattice of wood before the balcony { its circuit is' about three miles ( and it appears to be equal in fizeto the largert country towns in tngland. The ftreets are ttraight, and ofa convenient breadth, interftding each other at right angles ; the greater part, however, lie in a line with the citadel, called St. Sebattian, whicli (lands on the top of a hjll that commands the town. The principal flrcet is ne.ir lOo feet in width, andex^ tends from St. Iknediet to the foot of Cattle-hill. The other ftieets arc commonly twenty or thirty feet wide. The houfes adjoining to the principal (ireet arc three ttortes high, but in other places they arc very irregulir, though built after the fame manner as at Lifbon. VVa-' ter is conveyed to a fountain in the great fquarc. from an aqueduif, raifcd upon twoftories of arches. The water at this fountain, however, is fo bad, that we could not drink it with plcafuic. The churches are richly ornamented, and there is more religious parade in this place than in any of the popifli countries in Ku- rope. Not a day paflcs without a proccffion of fnnie parifli, with various infignia, fplendid and cottly in the highett degree. But the inhabitants may p.iy their devotions at the flirine of any faint, wi>hout waitiOL' for a proceflion i for a fmall cupboard, having a glaii window, and in which is one of thefe tutelary gods, is placed before almoft every houfc, and a lampis kept conttantly burning, lett the old proverb fliould be ve- rified, " Out of fight, out of mind." Before thefe faints the people pray and fing with fuch vehemence, that in the night they were diftinftly heard by our failorj on board the (hip. In this town are four convents, the ftrft is that of the Dene- l.ti- it cook's first voyage— for making Dijcoveries in tine Sautb Seas & Round xh.t World. 9 lkncdiiS'""» fituatcd near its northern extremity : he ftruclurc affords an agreeable profpe.ft, and con- ins an elegant chapel, ornamented with feveral va- luable paintings. The Tccond is that of the Carmc- i,[fs which forms the centre angle of the royal fquare, ,„(i fronts the harbour 1 its church was rebuilding in a very elegant manner, with fine free ftone, brought thi- thtrfrom Lilbon. The third is that of St. Anthony, I luated on the top of a hill, on the fouth fide of the ' „ . before this convent ftands a large bafon of brown granite, in the form of a parallelogram, which iitmployed in walhing. The fourth is iituated at the tjftcrn extremity of the town, and was formerly the icfuits convent, but is now converted into a military In the right angle of the royal fquare ftands the vice- py's palace 5 this, with the mint, Hables, goal, &c. coinpofe one large building, which has two ftories, and i,no feet from the water. In pafling through the pa- [jte^the firfl. entrance is to a large hall or guard-room, to which there is an afcent of three or four fteps. In ,l,jgu.ird.roomarcftationcd the viceroy's body-guards, fho are relieved every morning between eight and jinti and adjoining to the hall arc the ftables, the orifon being in the back part of the building. Within [hciruarii-room is a Hight of flairs for afcendingto the upijcr i^ory, which divides at a landing-place about |uit»ay, and forms two branches, one leading to the rirht and :''e oihcr to the left. The former leads to a (aiiion, where there arc twoofticers in conltant attend- jiici'i the viceroy's aid-de>camp at the fame time wait- P^ li) the anti-chamber to receive mciragcs and deliver The left wing of the royal fquare is an irregular I builJiiV, which confifts chiefly of (hops, occupied by inJini; people. In the centre of this fquare is the fcunuin, of which we have made mention, as being I fupplicd with water from a fpring at the diftance of itic miles, from which it is brought by an aqucduift. The place is continual'/ crowded with negroes of both ftKb waiting to fill their jars. At the corner of every Hwt i< an altar. The market-place extends from the Dottii- all end of the fquare along the fliore, and this fitu- 1 iDonu \cry convenient for the iiiliing-boats, and thofe »hobrin« vegetables from the other fide of the river to tu kci. Negroes are almoll the only people who fell the (jicniit commodities cxpoicd in the market, and they jtiplcn ihcir leifuretime in fpinning cotton. The lonn of government is in its conUitution mixed, I but in tad vcr>' dcfixitic » the viceroy and civil magif- I mic of the town frequently committing perfons to ori- fon, or trail f(X)rting them to Lifbon, at their own plca- furc. In order to prevenr the people from making cxcur- lioni iiiiu the country, in fearch after gold and diamonds, tmiui boil. ids arc picfcribed them, fomctimes at a few, iixilomctiuies at many miles diftancc from the town 5 Hid it a man is taken up by the guard without the boimis where they coiiHantly patrole, he is immcdi- I tii'\ Itnt to prifon. Thi inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro arc exceeding rjscious, and conlill of I'ortuguefe, Negroes, and In- im, which laQ were the original natives of the coun- m. The townlhip of Rio is but a fmali part of the CJ|n;aiica or province j yet is faid to contain 37,000 thitc jKoplc, and 629,000 blacks, many of whom are Irtf, making together 666,000, in the proportion of 17 1 10 1. The military is compofed of twelve rraimrnts of re- Ulir troops, fix being I'ortuguefe, and m. Creoles, and Kclvc regiments r' provincial militia. The inhabitants ircferviiely fubmillive to the regulars, and it has been y, thatif anyof them thould omit the compliment of nkini; oil his hat, when he meets an otHcer, he would It immediately knocked dow n. But the fubordination ofiheonucrs to the viceroy is equally mortifying, for tb are obliged to wait three times every day to know, loticccivc his commands: the anfwer frequently is, I'lhctc is nothing new." in llio de Janeiro the gentry keep their chaifet, which [iKJuunby mules 1 the ladies however ufc a fcdan Nu, I , chair, boardc I '».*' )re and behind, with curtains on each fide, v^hich is carried by two negroes on a pole conncdted with the top of the chair by two rods, coming from under its bottom, one on each fide, and refting to the top. The apothecaries fliops commonly fcrve the purpofcs of cotlee-houfcs, as the people meet in them to drjnk capillairc, and play at back-gammon. When the gentry are fcen abroad, they are well drcHbd, though at home but loolely covered. The fliopkeepcra have generally (horthair, and wear linen jackets with fleevcs. The women in general, as in moll of the Por- tuguefe and Spanifli fctdemcnts in South America, are more ready to grant amorous favours than thofe of any other civilized parts of the world. As foon as the even- ing began, females appeared at the windows on every fide, who diftinguiftied fuch of the men as beft pleafed their fancies, by throwing down nofegays : and Dr. So- lander and two other gentlemen received fo many of thefe love tokens, that.they threw them away by hat- fulls. Without the Jefuits college on the fliore, is a village called Neuftra Seignora del Gloria, which is joined to the town by a very few intervening houfes. Three or four hundred yards within the Jefuits college, ftands a very high caftle.but it is falling to decay. The bidioi 'j palace is about three hundred yards behind the Bene- dicline convent, and contiguous to it is a magazine ot arms, furroundcd by a rampart. The inhabitants of Kio de Janeiro maintain a whale- filhery, which fupplies them with lamp oil. They im- port bran-'; from the Azores, and their flaves and Eall India goods from their fettlcments in Africa, their wine from Madeira, and their European goods from Lilbnn. The current coin is Portueuefe, which is ftruck here ; the filver pieces arc called petacks, of different value j and the copper are five and ten ree pieces: This place is very ufeful for (hips that are in want of refremment. They water, as we have before obferved, at the fountain in the great fquare, but the water is not good. We landed our cades on a fmooth fandy beach, which is not more than a hundred yards diflant from the fountain, and, upon application to the viceroy, a centinel is appointed to look after them. The harbour is fafe and commodious, and diftinguiflieu by a remarkable hill, in the fliape of a cone, at the welt point of the bay. The entrance is not wide, but it is eafy, from the fea-breczc which prevails from noon to fun-fct, for any ftiip to enter before the wind. The entrance ot the narrow part is de- fended by two forts. La Cruz, and Ix>zia ; they are about three quarters of a mile from each other. The bottom being rocky, renders it dangerous to an- chor there, but, to avoid it Ihips mull keep in the mid-channel. The coad abounds with a variety I of fifh, among which arc dolphins and mackarel. Provilions, except wheaten bread and flour, arc ealily procured. Yams and caffada are in plenty. Beef, both frelli and jerked, may be bought at two-pence farthing a pound, hut it is very lean. The people jerk their beef, by taking out the bones, and cutting it into large but thin flices. They then cure it with fait, and dry it in the ihade. It eats very well, and, if kept dry, will remain good a long time at fca. Mut- ton is fcarccly to be procured. Hogs and poultry arc dear. Garden- Itutf and fruit are in abundance, but the pumkin only can be piefervcd at lea. Tobacco alfo is cheap, though not good. Rum, fugar, and mo- laffcs are all excellent, and to be had at reafonabic prices. The climate of Rio de Janeiro is healthy, and free from mod of thofe inconveniencies incident to tropical countries. The air is feldom immoderately hot, as the fea breeze is generally fuccceded by a land wind. The feafons are divided into dry and rainy, though their commencement of late has been irregular and uncertain, for the latter had failed for near four years preceding our arrival ; but at this time the rain had jull began, and fell in heavy (howers during our (lay : formerlv the llrects have been overflowed by the rain, and rendered impafl'able with canoes. . c ^ : The m i. I: : , ■ ■•■■ lO Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. The adjacent country is mountainous, and chicily covered with wood, a fmall part of it only being culti- vated. Near the town the foil i< loofe and fandy, but farther from the river it is a fine black mould. It produces all the tropical fruits in great plenty, and without much cultivation ; a circumftance exceeding agreeable to the inhabitants, who arc very indolent. The mines, which lie far up in the country, are \cTy rich. Their fituation is carefully concealed, and no one can view them, except thofe concerned in working and guarding them. About twelve months before our arrival, the government had dctedcd fcvcral icwflij^^,. in carrying on an illicit trade for diamonds, with r„i' '. in the mines ; and immediately afterwards a law p!\ff^' making it felony to work iit the trade, or to have an' tools Ik for it in pofFcirion, the civil oiriccis liavii ! indifcriminatcly feizcd on ail that could be fo,.i,| Near 40,(300 negroes arc aniuially importid todi'ii- the mines, fo pernicious to the human li.iinc aic thof. works. In 1776, 20,000 more were draughted fiopJ the town to fupply the delkiency of the former nuni bcr. . . CHAP. II. 3^^ Jeparturr of the EnJeavour from Rio de Janc\n>~'U(r paffage lo the entrance of the Streight of Lc A^aire—Tht inhd'. 1 tants of Terra del Fiiijn defiribed — Mr. Bitnks and Dr. Solander afcend a mountain in fcarcb of plants— An accouni '(\ zd'iit happened lo thrm in ibis excurfion — The Enddrvour paffes through the Streight LeMaire — An account (fherpaL^i I and a fnrlber defcriplion of ibe inbahiUvits of Terra del Fuego, and its proditflions— Remarks refpe fling the foulh caji tJi \ of Terra del I'lic^o, and lie Streight of Le Maire— Dirdlions for the paffage urjlzvard round this part of /Imericj ,>.., I tbe South Seas — Tiv pa/fage of the Endeaz'our from Cape Horn to the nezv/y difcwered ijlands — An accouni f ikeir §"■•■ and appearance — Tbe mbabitants defcribed, ZL'ilb a narrative of the various incidents during the courfc, andm the Eiila •uou r's arrival among them. ON the 8th of December, having procured all ne- cclfary I'lipplics, we took our departure from Rio de Janeiro ; and 011 the 9th an amazing number of atoms were taken out of the fea. Thcfc were of a yel- lowifli colour, and few of them were more than the fifth part of an inch long ; nor could the bell microfcope on board the Endeavour difcover whether they belonged to the vegetable or animal creation. The Tea was tinged in fuch a manner with thefe equivocal fubftances, as to exhibit broad breaks of a fimilar colour, for near the fpacc of a mile in length, and for fcvcral hundred yards in breadth. Whence they came, or lor what de- figncd, neither Mr. Banks nor Dr. Solander could de- termine. Perhaps they might be the fpawii of fomc ma- rine animal, unknown to cither anticnt or modern phi- lofophcrs. On the I ith we hooked a (hark. It proved to be a female. When opened we took fix young ones out of it, five of which were alive, and fvt am brifkly in a tub of water, but the lixth appeared to have been dead fomc time. Irom this time we met with no material occurrence till the lid, when we difcovered numerous birds of the profiUaria kind, in latitude 39 deg. 37 min. fouth, and longitude 49 deg. 16 min. weft ; wc alfo difcovered great numbers of porpoifes of a fingular fpecics, about 15 feet in length, and of an a(h colour. On the 23d weobfcrvcd an cclipfcof the moon; and about fevcn o'clock in the morning, a fmall white cloud appeared in the weft, from which a train of fire idued, extending itfclfwcfterly: about two minutes after we heard two dillind loud cxplofions, immediately fuc- ceeding each other, like thofe of cannon, after which the cloud difappeared. On the 24th wc caught a large loggerhead tortoife, weighing one hundred and fifty pounds. Wc likewifc fhot fc< al birds, one an albe- irofs, which mcafured between the tips of its wings nine feet and an inch, and from its beak to the tail two feet one inch and an half. On the 30th wc ran upwards of fifty leagues, through vafl numbers of land infcds, lome in the air, and others upon the water t thc»' appeared to refemble exadly the flies that are fctn in ' ^land, though they were thirty leagues from land, and fume of thcfc infciits are known not to quit it bc- yor^ three yards. At this time we judged ourlelvcs to be nearly oppofiie to the bay called Sans Fond (without bottoiiv) where it is fuppofed by fome writers, that the continent of America is divicled by a paffage: but it was the opinion of our circumnavigators, that there might be a large river, which probably had occalioned an inundation. On the 3irt we had much thunder, lightning and rain. This (li>y and the three following, wc law Several whales: likewifc a number of birds about the fize of a pigeon, with white bellies and gr»l beaks. ^ 'I On the 3d of January we faw the appcanncc ofl land, in latitude 47 deg. 17 min. fouth, I and longitude 61 deg. 29 min. 45 fee. "^''^- ^~M\ wel>, which we miftook for I'cpy'silland. In appear. ancc it fo much refemblcd land, that we bore .iway tbrf it; and it was near two hours and an half before vj were convinced, that it was one of thole deccptionil which failors call a Fog-bank. At thi« time our Icamtn beginning to complain of cold, they were fiu-ninici \n;!J a pair of trowfers, and a Magellanic jacket, nude of] thick woollen ftulf called Kcarnoughr. On the 1 itlij after having pafled Fauikland's Illand, «f law thctoitl of Terra del Fuego, at thedillance of about lourlcjqj fromthe weft to louth-eaft by fouth. As we raiigcdafo; the flwrctothc fouth-eafl, fmokewas pcrrcivcd, nua5 probably, by the natives as a lignal, for it was not tot fccn after we had palTed by. On the 14th we entered the ftrcight of I,e M.iirc, bui were afterwards driven out again with fuch vioknrfj (the tide being againft us) that the fliip's bow-lpritwi frequently under water. At length, however, wc^ anchorage in a fmall cove, on thccaft of Cape St.v" cent, the entrance to which our captain n.iincii SrJ Vincent's Bay. The weeds which grow here upon rnkf ?;round are very remarkable, they appear above the furj ace in eight and nine fathoms w ater. The leave? art four feet in length, and many of the llalk.i, thouj^h na more than an inch and a half in circumference, ahovd one hundred. 1 Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks went on fliorr, whfr< having continued four hours, they returned about mi in the evening, with upwards of an hundred dililrcn plants and flowers, of which none of the Ftirnpcanix tanills had taken any notice near this bay. Thicoumrj in general was flat, and the bottom, in particular, wis j gralTy plain. Here was plenty of wood, water, fowl, and winter bark was found in great plenty. Ih trees appeared to be a fpccies of the biri h, biii nciih large nor lofty. The woo(i was white, and ihcy horn fmall leaf. White and red cranberries were found \ thcfc pans. On the I flih we came to an anchor in tttclve fatl-oii water, upon coral rocks, before a fmall cove, at ihcciii tanccof abouta milefrom the lliore. At this tiinotwoq the natives came down upon the beach, ai if tlicyoJ peeled that the flrangeri would laml ■, but as there wii no (hclter here, the fhip was got under fail agiin, :inl the Indians retired difappointed. The finic al'ttrnn(i about two o'clock, we came into the bay of Good SuJ cell, and the vcfl'cl coming to an anchor, the capti'i] (ijfm was intelligible COOIC's FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difioviries in tlic South Seas 5c Round the IP'irld. i i ^jnt on fliore, accompanied by Mr. Banks and Dr. SfiLimii-'f. in order to fcirch for a watering place, and jifcouil'c with the Indians. Thcfe gentlemen had not -rncceilcd above one hiindnd yards before the captain, Jjicn two of the Indians that had feated themfclvcs, rofc un ajid threw away the fmall fticks which they held in their hands, as a token of amity. They afterwards rcturncJ to their companions, who had remained at fjinc dillancc behind them and nude figns to their j ,,(.|t3 to .ndvancc, whom they received in a friendly [i^„i"h uncou-'- manner. In return for their civility, l(in°ribl)tn.lo and beads were dillributcd among them. llvjs .1 1'jrt of mutual confidence was cllabliflicd, and ,1,; rcll of the Englifli joined the party, the Indians convcrling with them in their way, in an amicable man- „r C'pt. Cook and his friends took three of them I .■„ the lliip. drelTtd them in jackets, and gave them belli a"d other provifions, part of which they carried oillvne with them ; but they rcfufcd to drink rum or I hini'', making figns that it burned their throats, as Ijj.jf proper drink was water. One of thefe people 1 miJc Icvcral long and loud fpecches, but no part of j,j,t[ii was intelligible to any of us. Another Hole the I covering ft a globe, which he concealed under his IprnKiu that was made of Ikin. After having re- Ijuincii on board about two hours, they returned on I fcrf, N'f' U'"ks accompanying them. He conduced L;n,'to their companions, who fecmed no way curious I B know what their friends had fecn, and the latter Iter: as little difpofcd to relate as the former were to Ipqjirc. None of thefe people exceeded five feet ten lirchrtin height, but their bodies appeared large and litiwll though their limbs were fmall. They had broad lit; faces, high checks, nofes inclining to flatnefs, wide Ijollnls, fmall black eyes, large mouths, fmall, but in- Itfocnt teeth, and ftraight black hair, falling down l^their ears and foreheads, the latter being generally Ifoorcdwith brown and red paints, and like all the loiiinil natives of America, they were bcardlels. Their IprnKiit? were the (kins of feals and guanicoes, which liiKV wrippcd round their llioulders. The men like- |r,;i «ore on their heads, a bunch of yarn which fell |-«(f ilicir foreheads, and was tied behind w.th the lin(»:or tendons ot fome animals. Many of l)Oth |fe(.i«c": painted on ditlerciu parts of their btidies IrihrLvi, white, and brown colours, and had alfo three liilojr perpendicular lines pricked acrofs their checks iBdiolcs. The women had a fmall Ihing tied round laisanclc, and each woic a rtap of Ikin fallened round Ikmiddlc. They carried their children upon their Ikiis, r,n>l "Ore generally employed in domcllick la- Ifcr ami drudgery. I M.UAiik'i and Dr. Solander, attended by their fer- loii), let out from the fliip on the ifcth, with a dclign Irfgoing into the country as far as they could that 1^, and ic turning io the evening. Having entered liiotxi, tlicy afccndcd a hill, through a pathlclk wilder- licii nil the afternoon. After they had reached what Iwi took for a plain,, they were greatly difappointed Itiind it a fwamp, covered with birch, the bulhes in- lB»o\i.n, and fo inHexible that they could not be di- liwJ; however, as they were not above three feet |ki;h, ihcy (lepped over them, but were up to the an- Idnm twggy ground. The morning had been very Ibc, but now the weather becanic cold and difagree- Mi; the blalh of wind were very piercing, and the Ifciidlth.Lki ncverthclefs they purfucd their route hhopc of finding a better road. Before they had got Tutrihu fwnmp, an accident happened that greatly miicitrd thtin •■ Mr. Buclian, one of the draiighlU «t3, whom Mr. Hanks had taken with him, fell into a It Hiis nbfokitely iiecilKiiy to ftop and kindle a t,aiKlli:.h as were iiioll f.uijrued remained to allill K< Mr. Banks, Dr. Solandcr, and Mr. Monk- : I .edcd. and art linud the fpot they had in ,w lie they found a gitat variety ot plants that a;icJ ihiir curiofity and repaid their toil. t)n re- ran^ t(i the company aiuidll the fnow which now J in ;;riJt abundance, they found Mr. Buchan much kiiij. They had prcvioully l'ci>t Mr. Monkhoufc and Mr. Green back to him and thofc that remained with him, in order to bring them to a hill which was conjectured to lie in a better track for returning to the wood, and which was accordingly fixed on as a place of rendezvous. They rcfolved from this hill to pafs through the fwamp, which this way did not appear to be more than half a mile in extent, into the covert of the wood, in which they prnpofed huiiding a hiit, .•ind kindling a (ire, to defend thcmfelves (rom the fcverity of the weather. Accordingly, the whole party met at the place appointed, about eight in the evening, whilft it was Hill day-light, and proceeded towards thd next valley. Dr. Solandcr, having often pafTed over mountains in cold countries, was fcnlible, that extreme cold when joined with fatigue, occafions a drowlinefs that is not calily refidcd ; he therefore intreatcd his friends to keep in motion, however difagrecable it might be to them. His words wcre-^Whoe vcr fits down will flecp, and whoever llceps will wake no more.— Every one feemed accordingly armed with refolution ; but, on a fudden, the cold became fo very intenfe as to threaten the mod dreadful effects. It was now very remarkable, that the Doctor himfelf, who had fo forcibly admo- nifhed and alarmed his party, was the firlt that inliftcd to be fuffcrcd to repofe. In fpite of the mo(t earned intrcatics of his friends, he lay down amidft the fnow, and it was with dilliculty that they kept him awake. One of the black fervants alfo became weak and faint, and was on the point of following this bad examjilc. Mr. Buchan was therctore detached with a party to make a lire at the firll commodious fpot they could find. Mr. Banks and four more remained with the Dodor and Richmond the black, who with the utmoft didiculty were perfuaded to come on; and, when they had travel fed the greatclt part of the fwamp, thoy ex- prclfed their inability of going any farther. When the black was told il-.at if he remained there he would foon be frozen to death; his reply was, That he was H> much exhaulted with fatigue, that death would be a relief to him. Dvictor Solandcr laid he was not un- willing to go, but that he mull firlt take fome llcci', (till perlilling in ading contrary to the opinion which he himfelf had delivered to the company. Tluis rc- folved, they both fat down, fupportcd by foine bu(hes, and in a (liort time fell aileep. Intelligence now came Ironi the advanced party, that a fire was kindled about a quarter of a mile farther on the way. Mr. Banks then awakened the Doctor who had already almoft loll the ufeof his limbs, though it was but a few minutes lince he fat down ; neverthelefs, he confentcd to go on, but every mcafure taken to relieve the black proved inctfectual. lie remained motionlefs, and they were obliged to leave him to the care of a faiUir, and the other black fervant, who appeared to be the lealt hurt by the cold, and they were to be relieved as foon as two others were fulFicienily warmed to fill their places. The Doclor, with much dilliculty, was got to tiie fire; and as to thofe who were fent to relieve the companions of Richmond, they returned without having been able to find them. What rendered the mortification (till greater was, that a bottle of nun (the whole (lock of the party) could not be found, and was judged tohavcbecn left with one of the three that were iiiilhng. A fall of fnow continuing for near two hours, there now remained no hopes of feeing the three abl'eiit per- fons again. At twelve o'clock, however, a great Ihout- ing was heard at a diltance, which gave inexprcllible fatisfaClion to every one prcfcnt. Mr. Banks and four others went forward and met the faitor, who had jiilt (Ircngth enough left to walk. He was immediately lent to the (ire, and they proceeded to feck for the other two. They tound Richmond upon his legs, but in- capable of moving them ; the other black was lying fenfelcfs upon the ground. All endeavours to bring them to the fire were fruitlcfsj nor was it polTiblc to kindle one upon the fpot, on account of the (now that had fallen, and was falling, fo that there lemained no alternative, and they were compelled to leave the two unfortunate negroct to theit fate, alter they had made them ■ A «. y vr:l f* »i V !> i ^ ''^'-. yr. lir- ■'^■ jliiiilil i| ' ^^ ^, *!wi H ill llfi fs> i,ii «.;■,, '■ ■ M'I-\ i'liii a 12 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. them a bed of the boughs of fome trees, and covered them over thick with the fame. As all hands had been employed in endeavouring to move thcFc poor blacks to the tire, and had been cxpofed to the cold for near an hour and a half in the attempt, fome of them began to be affli^ed in the fame manner as thufc whom they were to relieve. Brifcoe, another fervant of Mr. Banks, in particular, began to lofe his fcnlibility. At laft they reached the fire, and pafTed the night in a very difagree- able manner. The party that fct out from the (hip had confifled of twelve; two of thcfc were already judged to be dead, it was doubtful whether the third would be able to re- turn on board, and Mr. Buchan, a fourth, feemed to be threatened with a return of his fits. The fliip they reckoned tc be at the dif^anceof a long day's journey, through an unfrequented wood, in which they might probably be bewildered till night, and, having been equipped only for a journey of a few hours, they had not a fufficiency of provifions left to atlord the company a tingle meal. At day-break on the 17th nothing prcfentcd itfelf to the view all around but fnow, which covered alike the trees and the ground ^ and the blallsof wind were fo frequent and violent, that their journey feemed to be rendered impradicable, and they had reafon to dread perilhing with cold and famine. However, about fix m the morning, they were flattered with a dawn of hope of being delivered, by difcovcring the fun through the clouds, which gradually diminilhcd. Before their fetting out, mcllengers were difpatched to thr un- happy negroes : but thcfc returned with the melan- choly news of their death. Though the fky had flat- tered the hopes of the furvivors, the fnow continued falling very tatt, a circumRance which impeded their journey, but a breeze fpringing up about eight o'clock, added to the influence of the fun, bcgan^ to clear the air, and the fnow falling in large flakes, from the trees, gave tokens of a thaw. Hunger prevailing over every other confideration, induced our travellers to divide the fmall remainder of their provifions, and to fet forward on their journey about ten in the morning. To their great .lOonifliment and fatisfadion, in about three hours they found themfelves on the (horc, and much near- er to the fliip than their mofl fangume expedations could have fuggeftcd. When they looked back upon their former route from the fea, they found that inltead of afccnding the hill in a dirccl line, they had made a circle almoU round the country. On their return, thefe wanderers received fuch congratulations from thofe on board, as can more calily be imagined than cx- prciVed. \fr. Itnnks and Dr. Solander went on fliore again on the sothof this month, landing in the bottom of the bay, where they collcdcd a number of ihclls and plants, hitherto unknown. After having returned to dinner, they went to vilit an Indian town, about two miles up the country, the accefs to which, on account of the mud, was (iiHicult. When they approached the town, two of the natives came out to meet them, who began tu lliout in their ufual manner. They afterwards con- duced Mr. Banks and the Dodlor to their town. It wasfituatcon a fmall hill, over-fhaded with wood, and conliltcd ot about a dozen huts, conlhucled without art or regularity. They were compofed of a few poles, inclining to each other in the liiape of a fugar-loaf, which were covered on the weather tide with grafs and boughs, and on the other fiJe a fpace was left open, which fervcd at once tor a fire-place and a duor. '1 hey were of the fame nature of the huts that had been feen at St. Vincent's Bay. A little grafs fervcd for beds and chairs, and their utenlils were a ba(ket for the hand, a farchel to hang upon the back, and a bJadder for water, out of which they drank through a hole near the lop. This town was inhabited by a tribe of about fifty men, women and children. Their bows and arrows were conftrudted with ncatnefs and ingenuity, being made of wood highly poliihed, and the point, which was either glafa or flint, very fkilfully fitted. Thefe lat- ter fubflanccs were obfcrved among thcni unwrought, as alfo cloth, rings, buttons, &c. fivMn whence it «at concluded that they fometimes travclied to the north* ward, as no (hip, for years pall« had touched at thii part of Terra del Fuego. The natives here did not Ihew any furprife at the light of fire-arms, but appeared to be well acquainted with their ufe. It is likely that the fpot on which the Doctor and Mr. Banks met them was not a fixed habitation, as their houfes did not fccnl as if they were erected to (land for any long time, and they had no boats or canoet among thenn. They did not 1 appear to have any form of government, or any ideas of i fubord ination. They feemed to be the very outcalli of f men ; and a people that paffed iheir lives in wandering in a forlorn manner over dreary waftesi their dwelling being a thatched hovel, and their cloathing fcarccly fut. ficient to keep them from pcrifliing with cold, even in thofe climates. Their only food was (hell-filh, which on any one fpot mud foon be cxhauftcd { nor had the? the nide(t implement of art, not even fo much as wu ncccflrary to dret's their food, yet ainidd all this, we are told, that they appear to enjoy that content which it 1 fcldom found in great and populous cities ; a fpccinof I content, which, if they really enjoyed it, mull have f arifcn from ftupidity, a fatisfadion the oflspring of the 1 grcatell ignorance. Such is the ftatc of uncultivated! nature : tuch the rude form which uncivilifcd manpuul on. The wants of thefe people feemed to be few ; txn ( (bmc wants all mankind mult have, and even the molt limplcofthcin, thefe poor favages appeared fcarccly in a condition to gratify. The calls of hunger and third muil be obeyed, or man mu(l pcri(h, yet the pco. pie in queftion feemed to depend on chance for the means of anfwering them. Ihofc who can be happr in fuch a lituation, can only be fo, bnraufe they have not a due feeling of their mUery. Wc know ihatthtit have been admirers of fimple nature amongft the phi* lofophersofall ages and nations; and certainly funple nature has her ocauties. In regard to the vegetative and brute creation, (he operates with refiftlefs energy ; her power is prevalent as her pencil is inimitable; but| when wc afcend in the fcalc of beings, and come to] examine the human race, what (hall wc find ibtn, with- out cultivation ? It is here that inflind ends and reafon begins ; and without entering into the quetlion, \Vh^ ther a ftatc of nature is a (tare of war? whcnwcob* fervc the innumerable iiKonvcniences to which thofcj are fubjed on whom the light of fcience never dswnedJ wc may catily determine m the favour of thofe ant which have civilized mankind, formed them into fo. c.ctics, refined their manners, and taught the nati where they have prevailed, to protcd thofe rig.« which the untutored (avages have ever been obliged ta yield to the (Ulterior abilities of their better inttnkUd invaders, and have thus fallen a prey to turopcantj. ranny. Wtobfervcd in this place fcals, fca-lions, andd^, and no other quadrupeds; ncvcithelcls it isprobsU there arc other kinds of animals in the count7i foi Mr. Banks remarked from a hill, • an imprelTion ofth (oot-fteps of a large animal on the furface of s but of what kind it was he could not determine. N™ any land-birds were feen larger than an Englifli biaclH bird, hawks and vultures excepted. Ducks and ot ' water-fowls we faw in abundance ; alfo (hell-fitli, clai.. and limpets. The country, though uncleared, hadnti ther gnat, mufquito, nor any other noxious or trouble fome animals. A great variety of plants wcrcfoun by the Dodor and Mr. Banks. The wild celery ain fcurvy-grafs arefuppofed to contain antifcorbuticqm lities, which will therefore be of fervicc tothccrc* of fuch (hips as hereafter may touch at this place, aftt a long voyage. The latter is found in abundance nea, fprings and in damp places, particularly at the water ing place in the bay of Good Succefs, and it rcftmbie the Knglilh cuckow flower, or lady's-fmoclt. Th wild celery is like what grows in our gardens in E land, but the leaves are of a deeper green. Thi»pl»i may be found in plenty near the beach, and upont land above the (pring tides. In taftc it is between i' of cderf and parflcy. The grateful fcanian, long ci fioc T E. COOK'J FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoverui in the South Sen and ROUND the WORLD. 13 18, &c. from whence it «ai ncs travelled to the north- i pall« had touched atthii The native* here did not I c of fire-arms, but appeared their ufe. It is likely chat r and Mr. Banks met them, IS their houfes did not fecm and for any long time, and imongthem. They did not rovernment, or any ideas of I :d to be the very outcafti of I ed iheir lives in wandering I eary wades s their dwelling their cloathing fcarccly fui. terifliing with cold, even in 1 food was Ihell-filh, which c cxhaufted t nor had they :, not even lb much as wu , yet amidflall this, we arc joy that content which ii I opulous cities ; a fpeciesofl ally enjoyed it, mud have I ifadion the offspring of the I s the Hate of uiicultivitcdl which uncivilifcd manpuul 3plc fceined to be few ; but i lit have, and even the moll I fayagcs appeared fcarccly I The calls of hunger and I in muft pcrilh, yet thepto-j depend on chance for thel Ihofc who can be happy | y be fo, bicaufe they hjvel tfery. We know that thtitl }|c nature amongfl the phi<| :10ns ; and certainly funplel In regard to the vrgctativel rates with refifllcfs cneigyi| ;r pencil is inimitable; but! e of beings, and come tol lat Ihall wc find ibtm, with-j hat inllindl ends and rtafonl ng into the qucQion, wiu.1 ;atc of war.' whenwcob-I iveniences to which thofel u of Icicncc never dawid,! the favour of thofe anJ nd, funned them into fol n, and taught the nitio to protect thofe righ have ever been obliged ta of their better inllnKledl lena prey to European tj^ fcals, fea-lions, and do^, nevathelcfs it is probable| nimals in the country; fori hill, ■ an imprcHion ofthq I on the furface ofsbogJ :ould not determine. Nod get than an Knglifli bbck-j ccpted. Ducks and oth mcc ; alfo (hclUfilh, clanu,! hough uncleared, had nciT y other noxious or trouble^ iety of plants were found iks. The wild celery and contain antifcorbuticqinH be of fervicc tothccrcHd c it is between th; ratcful (canian, longca fined iSncd to fait provifions, enjoy this healing vegetable liiici as a fpcrial bicffing of an all-gracious evidence, I f/icularly vifiblc in providing in different climates l^^lfprent food and nourifhmciit, fuitablc to his nature, hints a'"! nectfTitics. On Sunday, (an. 2a, having got in our wood and I j(cr, we failed out of the ba) and continued . our I tourlV through the Streight; and in paffini; this, not- liithlUnding the dcfcriptionwhich foine voyagers have I tivi-n of Terra del Fiicgo, wc did not find tiiat it had, laea'i'ab''^ to their rcprercntations, fuch a forbidding jlpccl. On the contrary, we I'oiiiid the Tea coafts and the fides of the hills cloathcd with verdure. Indeed Ajfjmmits of the hills were barren, but the valleys -p^.jred rich, and a bro«>k was generally found at the f,„i[()f almoll every hill; and thougli the water had a tcildilli tinge, yet it was far from being ill tailed. Upon il,,- whole, it wa.s the bed we took on board during our Lini;TC. Nine miles wellward of cape St. Diego, the ij» point that forms the north entrance of the Streight ,i,f l.r Maire, arc three hills, called the Three Bro- ikrs; and o" Terra del Fucgo is another hill, in the fiiniiof a fugar-loaf, which Hands on the well fide, not farlroin the lea. Wc had not that difficulty mentioned inihchilloryof Lord Anfon's voyage, in finding where ijoltreight of Lc Maire lies. No lliip can well mils ,3. Ilrcight that keeps Terra del Fuego in fight, for it 4 llihcii be calily difcovered; and Staten iflaiid, which |,f,on the call fide, will be Hill more plainly perceived, I for 'here is no land on Terra del Fuego like it. And Iti It be furihcr particularly obfervcd, that the entrance of the flreight fhould be attempted only with a fair iind, when the weather too is moderate, and likewife, moil the beginning of the tide of flood, which here [is out upon the full and change of the moon, about one or two o'clock ; let it alfo he remembered, to keep «iicar the fhore of Terra del Fuego as the winds will nennii. The ftreight of Lc Maire is bounded on the weft by Terra del Fuego, and on the caft by the well end of Suicnilland, and is nearly five leagues in length, nor I itfsin breadth. The bay of Good Succefs is feated I about the middle of it, on the fide of Terra del Fuego, »kiili prcfents itfelf at the entrance of the flreight bra the northward ; and the fouth end of it may be (iidingiiilhcd by a land-mark, refembling a road from ;ln featothe country. It affords good anchorage, and piciiiy of wood and water. Staten land did not ap- peirio Captain Cook in the fame manner as it did to Ctimmodorc Anfon. That horror and wildnefs, men- iKincd bv the Commodore, were not obfervcd byoiir Knilcmcii; on the contri»ry, the land appeared to be Bciihcr deftitute of wood nor verdure, nor was it cu- lercdwith fnow ; and on the north fide we faw the ap- pearances of bays and harbours. It is probable, that ilieftafon of the year and other circiimllanrcs might concur to occafion fuc'.i different reprelentations of a land, which all our circumnavigators muft own to be iinfricndly and agreeably fitiiated. On the wefl fide of the cape of Good Succefs, whereby is formed the fjuih-wcll entrance of the (Ireight, we faw the mouth of Valentine's bay 1 from whence the land lies in a di- rection wcft-foutn-weft for more than twenty leagues, jppearing high and mountainous, with feveral inlets and bays. Fourteen leagues from the bay of Good Succefs, fouth-wefl half well, and nearly three leagues from the fliore, is New Ifland; icnninating to the nunh-cafl, in a remarkable hillock 1 and fevcn leagues from hence, fouth-wcft, lies Evout's ifle ; a little to the veil of the fouth of which arc two fmall low iflands, near to each other, called Barncvclt's. Thofe are partly furrnunded with rocks, which rife to different heights above the water, and are twenty-four leagues from the ftreJRht of Le Maire. Three leagues fouth-wcft by fouth, from Barncvclt*.': iflands, is the fbuth-eaft point of Hermit's iflands, which lie fouth-eaft and north- veil. Thcy appeared to us in difTercnt points of view, fometimes as one ifland, and at others as part of the niiin. From the fouth-eaft point of ihcfe iflands to Cape Horn, the cuurfe is fouth-weft by fuuth, diftant ■No. a. three leagues, flermit, who commanded the Dutch fquadron in 1624, certainly put into fomc of them, and Chapeiiham, vice admiral of this fquadron, firfl dif- covered that Cape Horn was formed by a duller of iflands. Between the llreight Le Maire and Cape Horn we found, when near the fliore, the current fetting ge- nerally ftrong to the north-eafl ; but we loft it at the diftancc of fifteen or twenty leagues from land. January the 26th, we took cmr departure froui Cape Horn, and the farthell foutliern latitude wc made was 60 (leg. 10 uiin. and our longitude was then 74 cleg. 30 mill. wed. Cape Horn is fituated in 55 deg. 53 min. fouth latitude, and 68 deg. 13 inin. weft longi- tude. The weather being very calm, Mr. Banks failed in a fmall boat to fhoot birds, when he killed I'ome Iheer-waters, and albatroft'es. The latter were larger than thofe which had been taken to the northward of the flreight, and proved to be very good food. At this time we found ourfelves to be 12 deg. to the weft- ward, and three and a half tu the northward of the ftrcight of Maghellan, having, from the call entrance of the ftrcight, been three and thirty days in failing round Cape Horn. Notwithftanding the doubling of Cape Horn is reprcfented as a very dangerous courfe, and that it is generally thought pafTing through the ftrcight of Magellan is lefs perilous, yet the Endea- vour doubled i( with as little danger as fhe would the north FcUeland on thcKcntifh coall; the heavens were ferenely fair, the wind temperate, the weatiier plca- fant, and, being near fhore, we had a very diilintt view of the coaft. The Dolphin, in her lall voyage, which was performed at the fame feafon with ours, was not lefs than three months in pafTing through the flreight of Magellan, not including the time that flie lay ill Port Famine ; and it was the opinion of Captain Cook, that if wc had come through the ftrcight, we fliould not at this time have been in thefe feas ; and fhould have fufl'cred many inconveniencies which wc have not experienced. It is a f almoft every bill; and thougli ihe water bad a (iilciilli liiige, yet it was far from being ill taftcd. Upon iliiwhole, it was the bell we took on board diirir»)»our vova'C. Nmc miles welhvard of cape St. Diego, the |o» ix'i"' 'li*' forms the north entrance of the Streight of l.i- Maire, arc three hills, called the Three Bro- ijicrs; and on Terra del Fuego is another hill, in the f„nn(il a fugar-loaf, which Itaiuls on the weft lide, not I (jf from the lea. Wc had not that difficulty mentioned inihehillory of Lord Anfon's voyage, in finding where ufOreight of Le Maire lies. No fliip can well mil's ,;. llrcight that keeps Terra del Fuego in fight, for it ,11 (hen be cafily difcovered; and Staten illand, which lifion the call fide, will be Itill more plainly perceived, Ifjr'.hcrc is no land on Terra del Fuego like it. And 1(1 II be further particularly obfervcd, that the entrance I of the llreight (hould be attempted only with a fair iiiul, when the weather too is moderate, and likewife, moil ilie beginning of the tide of flood, which here f,il> out upon the full and change of the moon, about one or two o'clock ; let it alfo be remembered, to keep jincar the Ihorc of Terra del Fuego as the winds will ptnnii. 1 The ftrcight of Lc Maire is bounded on the weft by Ttrra del Fuego, and on the call by the weft end of Sutcn ifland, and is nearly five leagues in length, nor Itfs in breadth. The bay of Good Succefs is featcd about the middle of it, on the fide of Terra del Fuego, thiili prefeiiU itfclf at the entrance of the llreight from till' northward ; and the foutb end of it may be iillinniiilhcd by a land-mark, refembling a road from ihi fcatothe country. It affords good anchorage, and p'.cniy of wood and water. Staten land did not ap- pear to Captain Cook in the fame manner as it did to Commodore Anfon. That horror and wildnefs, men- lioncd bv the Commodore, were not obfervcd by our icnilcmeii; on the contri»ry, the land appeared to be ntiihcr deftitute of wtmd nor verdure, nor was it co- leri'dwith fnow ; and on the north (idc we faw the ap- Karanccs of bays and harbours. It is probable, that ihc feilun of the year and other circuinllanrcs might (oocur to occafion fucli different reprelentations of a land, which all our circumnavigators uuift own to be unfriendly and agreeablv fltuated. On the weft fide of ihe cape of Good Succefs, whereby is formed the Ijuih-wcll entrance of the (freight, we faw the mouth of Valentine's bay t from whence the land lies in a di- rection wcll-foutn-wetl for more than twenty leagues, appearing high and mountainous, with feveral inlets and bays. Fourteen leagues from the bay of (iuod Succefs, fouth-weft half well, and nearly three leagues from the fliore, is New Htand; terminating to the north-call, in a remarkable hillock t and fevcn leagues from hence, fouth-weft, lies Evout's ifle j a little to the veil of the fouth of which arc two fmall low iflands, near to each other, called Barncvclt's. Thcfe are partly furrnunded with rocks, which rife to difl'ercnt heights a!x)\c the water, and arc twenty-four leagues from the llreight of Le Maire. Three leagues fouth-weft by foath, from Barnevch's iflands, is the fouth-eaft point of Hermit's iflands, which lie Ibuth-caft and north- veil. They appeared to us in different points of view, fomdimes as one ifland, and at others as part of the ffljin. From the fouth-eaft point of thcic iflands to Cipc Horn, the cuurfe Ss fouth-weft by fuuth, diftant .N'0.8. three leagues. Hermit, who commanded the Dutch fquadron in 1624, certainly put into fomc of them, and Chapenham, vice admiral of this fquadron, firft dif- covered that Cape Horn was formed by a duller of iflands. Between the llreight Lc Maire and Cape Horn we found, when near the fliorc, the current fetting ge- nerally ftrong to the north-eall; but we loft it at the diftance of fifteen or twenty leagues from land. January the 26th, we took our departure from Cape Horn, and the farthell fouthcrn latitude we mades\'Zi 60 deg. 10 mill, and our longitude was then 74 (leg. 30 min. weft. Cape Horn is fituated in 55 deg. 53 min. fouth latitude, and 68 deg. 13 min. weft longi- tude. The weather being very calm, Mr. Banks failed in a fmall boat to Ihoot birds, when he killed fomc Iheer-watcrs, and albatrofles. The latter were larger than thofe which had been taken to the northward of the ftreight, and proved to be very good food. At this time we found ourfelves to be 1 2 deg. to the weft- ward, and three and a half to the northward of the ftreight of Maghellan, having, fnmi the call entrance of the ftreight, been three and thirty days in failing round Cape Horn. Notwithftanding the doubling of Cape Horn is reprcfented as a very dangerous courfe, and that it is generally thought palTing through the ftreight of Magellan is lefs perilous, yet the Endea- vour doubled it with as little danger as flie would the north Frireland on the Kentifli coaft ; the heavens were fercnely fair, the wind temperate, the weather |)lea- fant, and, being near fhore, we had a very diilintt view of the coail. The Dolphin, in her lall voyage, which was performed at the fame feafon with ours, was not lefs than three months in paffing through the ftreight of Magellan, not including the time that fhc lay in Port Famine j and it was the opinion of Captain Cook, that if we had come througfi the ftreight, we fhould not at this time have been in thele feas ; and fhould have fullered manv inconvcniencies which wc have not experienced. It is a queftion, \\'hether it is better to go through the llrcight of Le Maire, or to ftand to the eaftward, and go round Staten land ? This can only be determined according to particular circiimltanccs, which may make one or the other more eligible. The ftreight may be paffed with fafety by attending to the diretlions already given j but if the land is fallen in with to the eaftward of the ftreight, and the wind fhould prove tempeftuous, it would be bcft, in our opinion, to go round Staten land. In any cafe, however, we cannot approve of running into the latitude of 61 or 62, before any attempt is made to ftand to the weftward, March the ift, we found ourfelves both by obferva- tiun and the log, in latitude 38 deg. 44 min, fouth, and 1 to deg. 33 min. weft longitude, a concurrence very fingular in a run of 660 leagues ; and which proved, that no current had cfreiled the (hip in her courfe, and it was likewife concluded, that we had not come near land of any confiderable extent; for currents arc always found at no great diftance from the fliore. Mr. Banks killed above fixty birds in one day ! alfo two foreft flies, fueh as had never yet been defcribcd ; he alio found a cutile-fifh, of a fpecies dif- ferent from thofe generally known in Europe. This filh had a double row tif talons, refembling thofe of a cat, which it could put forth or withdraw at pleafure. When drefled it made excellent foiip. On the a4th, our latitude was 2« deg. 11 min. fouth, and 127 deg. 55 min. weft longitude. On the 25th, a young marine about twenty, threw himfelf overboard, on aCv<>uj)t of a quarrel about a piece of feal Ikin, which he took by way of frolic ; but being charged with it as a theft, he took the acciifuiion fomuch to heart, that in the dufli of the evening he threw htmfclf into the fea, and wa« drowned. On the 4th of April, about 10 o'clock, A. M. Peter Brifcoe, fervantto Mr. Banks, difcovered land to the fouth, at the diftance of about three or four leagues. Captain Cook immediately gave orders to haul for it, when we found an ifland of an oval form, having a lagoon v lake in 4he center, that extended over the D . greater ilil M Captain COOK's VOYA(iES C () M P L E T E. greater part of it. The furrniiiuliii'^ border of land vas low and narrow in many |)laccs, clpccially towards the louih, where the beach confided of a reef of rocks. Thrcenlaccs on the north lioehad tiic fame appearance, f.i that on the whole the land li-emedtorofenible I'everal wo. idv ifland . To the wed was a large clump of trecH, and in the center two cocoa-nut trees. When within a milcof ihc north fide, though wc cad out a line, no bottom could be found at 130 fathom, nor any ^''od aiictiora(;e. This idand was covered with trees, but v/C could difccrn no other fpccies than the palm and the cocoa-nut. Several of the natives were difcovered on ftiorej they appeared to be tall, with heads remark- ably large, which probably fome bandage miglit have incrcafed. Their complexion was of the copper colour, and their hair was black. Some of thefe people were fcen abread of the fhip, holding poles or pikes of twice their own height. They appeared alfo naked, but when they retired, on the fliip's pading by the idands, they put on a light-coloured covering. Some clumps of palm-trees ferved them for habitations, which at a didance appeared like hilly ground, and the view of the groves was a very agreeable one. Our captain called this place I.agoon Idand. It lay in 18 degrees fouth latitude, and 139 welt longitude. In theal'ter- noon we ac;ain faw land to the north-weft, bv fun-fci wc reached it, when it appeared to be a low ifland of a circular form, and about a mile in circumference. The land was covered with verdure of various kinds, but no Inhabitants wtM'e vifible, nor any cocoa-nut trees. 'I'his idand is didant from that of Lagoon about feven leagues north, and 62 weft, which our gentlemen on board named Thumb Cap. On the 5ih, we contniued our courfe with a fayour- able wind, and about three o'clock difcrtvered land to the wedward. It waflow, in form refcmhiing a bow, and in circumference feemedto beienoriw>-lvelcagues. Its length is about three or four leagues, and its width about two hundred yards. The beach was Hat, and reemed tohave iioothcrhcrbageuponitthanfea-weeds. The rcfemblancc of a bow was prcferved in the arch and cord forming the land, while the intermediate fpacc was taken up by w?ter. The arch, in general, was coveretl with trees of various verdure and diHerent heights. This idaihi, from the Imokc that was difco- vered, appeared to be inhabited, and we gave it the name of Bow Idand. On the6th,about noon, we again faw land to the weft, and at three o'clock wc came up with it. This land fcef\»ed to be divided into two parts, or rather a col- IcHion of idands, (to which wc gave the name of the Groups) to the extent of about nine leagues. The tv.o larged were divided from the others by a ftrcight, the bicadth of which was about lulf a mile, theli- idands wore ten miles or more in length, 1)^. ,. pearcd like long narrow ftrings of land, not ah,,,. ''"' ((uartcrof a mile in breadth; but they produced ire. however, of diderent kinds, among which was i!*' cocoa-nut tree. Several of the inhabitants came im,' ■ their canoes, and two of them diewcd an iiitintii.n If coining on board; but tliel'e, like the red, ddpn.-d i the reef. From the obfervatioiis nndc, i\w\\^ .„., J 1 appc.ired to be about our fi/.e, and well ,ii,\de. n I complexion was brown, and they were naked. In!,, f neral, they bad two weapons, one was a Ion-, p, fpear-pointed, and the other rcfemblcd a padJiV s. veralof their canoes were conftructed in fuch aiiiann.'L as not to carry more than three perfons ; others w t I liiteil up for fix or i'cvcn ; and one of ihefc boats hi,iii ed a fail, which was converted into an awning wlid, I Ihowerofrain fell. Captain Cook would not (layf I any of them, n'lflthcr could we determine, whether th I lignals made were meant for defiance, or for iiiviiHn,,, .1 one parly waving their hats, and another aiifwcrinokJl dioiiting: III this rcfped it was not judged prndcnit I try the experiment, in order to be convinced, auh I idand appeared of no importance, and the crew mil being in want of any thing it could produce. Thiuu I riolity was therefore laid afide, in c'xpertaiionof fiK,.! difcovering the ifland, where we had been directed tul make our adronomiral obfervations, the natives i which, it was reafonable to coiijedure, would make lui rcCidance, having already experienced the dannrofl oppoling an European force. I On the 7th, we difcovered another idand, judged iJ be ill compafs about five miles, being very l(>\,"' j|,|i| having a piece of water in the center. It appeared lal ab(jund in wood, and to be covered with verdure hutT we faw no inhabitants upon it. It was named Bird Idand, from the number of birds, that were feen flvmi about. This lies in latitude 17 dcg. 48 min. fomU and 143 deg. 35 min. weft longitude; didant i,il| leagues, io the direction weft, half nortli from the kcft| end of the Groups. On the 8ih, in the afternoon, we faw land lo the northward, and came abrcaft of it in the evcniii;, aj about five miles diftance. This land feemed in be chain of low idands, of an oval figure, and confiftcdi., coral and fand, with a few clumps of fmall trees, mdl in the middle of it was a lagoon. On account of ml appearance, it was called ( liain Idand, On the lOth, after a tempeftiioiis night, we camel in fight of Ofnabuigh Idand, called by the naii\rj| Maitea. This ifland is circular, about four miles mi circumference, partly rocky, and partly covered wnhl trees. CHAP. III. -Ruin f[fahl!Jhrd by Captain COOK '•< The ENDEAVOUR arrive at OTAIJEITE, or George the ThiidU Jjri.^ csnduifing a TRADE with the A'-itives — An Account offeveral Inciife*Js lur:nghii Slay in this IfliinJ — An OltSIR VATORY and FORT ertf}ed—Excurfi,w into the WOODS—VifiH fymfevtral of the Chiefi—The MUSIC 0/ Hrl Nativei, and their Stunner of BURYING thnr Dead defirihil — Oth r Excurjions and Incidents both on RonrA ,:r.\ en Shore— Firjt Inierviexu with OBEREA, thefupprfrd dUEEN of 'he ISLAND— The Fort de/cnhJ—Th Q-nl drantpkn, and the Confeqiittice'. — 1 Vifitto TOOTAUAII, an Indian Chief— A WRESTLING MATCH drj,ri!i\ — European Seedi ai e Jown — The INDIANS give our Peopje Namet. ' I ON' the 11th we made Otahcitc, or as Captain Wallis had named it. King George the Third's Idand. Thecalms prevented our approaching it till the morning of the 12th, when a breeze fprung up, and feveral canoes w.-re feen making towards the Jhip, Few of them, he- ver, would come near, and thole who did could not be perfuaded to come on board. They had brought with them youni; plantains anti branches of trees, which were haiided up the fliips fide, and, by their defire, were ftuck in confpicuout parts of the rigging, as tokens of peace and fricndftiip. We then purchaled their commodities, confifting of cucoa-nuu, bananas, bread-fruit, apples and figs, which were vcrv acceptable to the crew. On the evening ofl the fame day we opened the norlh-wcd point of ihel idc, to which the Dolphin's people had given the Baincl of York Iflaitd. Wc lay off and on all night, andiaj the morning of the 13th we entered Port Royal Har-i bour. in the ifland of Otahcitc, and anchored withinj half a mile of the fhorr . Many of the natives came u9 immediately in their canoes, and brougiit with (licml bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, apples, and fomc bogs, which| they bartered for beads and other trinkets with the (Iiip's company. The tree which bears the brcad-fniii,| is about the (izc of a horfe*chefnut : its leaves arc neai ^ foot.and a half in lengtbt io fluyie ubiong, and vcnfl COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE I jiiich refemble thofe of the fig-tree I nlikc the cantaloupe melon : it i lilin »"<' ''■' ^°'^^ '■"' *' '■"'S^ •" " '" |/[,({anccof this fruit is fomewhi loteadi and as white as the uianchc Ljroafted, and when eaten it has Ifjediicf'- \mong thofe who came on boa l,aian elderly man, named Owha I Gore and others who had vifited th L|„ Wallis. Owhaw being condde -(nas a very iifeful man, they di nd I" Rf*''')' *" '^'■' **'fJi^''- As o Ciiirce's liland was not likely to be ' -Icswcre drawn up to be obfervcd b j^rdhis majedy's bark the Endeav (lljljlifhing a regular trade with the 1 Itiiicc of thefe rules were, " That ir l-uirrclsand confulion, every one I v,uld endeavour to treat the inliab l,:ih humanity, and by all fair nie. |(f(iid(hip wi'h them. That no ol .ifrperl""". belonging to the diiji, Ijjiv who were appointed to barter lijuld rade, or offer to trade, for ai |(,„ Iruit, or other produce of the id.i ixprcfs leave fo to do. That no p llc/Ji", trade, or offer to trade with Ijiip', Itoics: and, that no fort of ir Ijid? of iron, nor any fort of cloth, 01 Lj.jin the Ihip, (hould be given in t lifiijbut piovidon." Thtfeneceffary Ik) tap'. Cook, and, being his orders Ifcnince of them were annexed certa lldfiihc punifhmcnt according to the Xit nivy. When the bark was properly feciirt Lf. Banks, and Dr. Solander, went < under arms, and their friend ItIicv were received by fomc hundrec lutli 3^'e and reverence, who cxchang litacr, and offered to conduB tticm to 3 likich would be more convenient for t lihiti ihai where they had landed. Oi llmlilh made the Indians fome pref lliitfr very thankfully received. They Iniiiofahout four mites through grovi Ifeiind cocoa-trees. Intermingled Lcdvcllings of the natives, which ei jwlioui walls. In the courfe of thei Ibundhut few fowls or hogs, and undci Mihcir conductors, nor any of the p ItahCTin feen, were perfons of rank IWc of our crew, who had before bee litDnlphin, were likewife of opinion, IttMtncc had been removed, as notract lube difcovered. .Sett dav, in the morning, before tl litlip, fcveral canoes came about her |fl<, whole drcfs denoted thflm to be Idafi. Two of thefe came o»i hoard, ai Ihfd upiin a friend : one of thrin ch dike other Capiai n ( '00k. The reren Irfnliini; off their cloaths in great pa Iteupon their adopted friends. T l«! relumed by our gentlemen prefri Ifcnt trinkets. They then made figni widiiojtowith them to thts place oft litiiiter being defirous of being acqii pie, and finding cl.,,,„pJ d well in.idi-. fi.j.J were naked. l„jp^ lie was a jon-i p,"i„'l nibled a paddL-.' .v'l tledinfuchama,,,,,'! jerfons j others were] -•of ihefe boats hoill. to an awning wild, 4 ;)k would ni.inayfiirl tennine, whether tjicl nee.orlorinviuiion.l another anUcrini;bv| lot judged prudent iJ be convinced, as thel ce, and the crew not| d produce. Thiscu., nexpertatioi»ofr„„a| had been directed tu| itions, the natives 1 dure, would make Ml ienced the danger off )thcrinand,jud!;c(lto| being very Im., ,„J nter. It apptarciltj red with verdure, buiT It was named Birdl .. that were fcen llyinji dcg. 48 mill. fouthJ igitudc ; diftant toiJ If nortJi from the wclll [J, we faw land (11 il.. I it in the evenin;;^ at Ian ■ " id Teemed to be ire, and coiififtcdt. i)f fmall trees, andl On account of iti| and. » night, we camel ■d by the naiuisj about four milej inl partly covered wiibf SU u in 101 alle Captain COOK f'ri '/land— An OBSl.R. The MUSIC oj '.h'\ both en Bonra ,r.j| drfcrtl'fd — Thf ()•«. On the evening olj i-we(1 point ol' thel had ifiven theiiainci on all iiiglit, and ia| d Port Royal Har- nd anchored wiihinl he natives came u9 brought with {hcml il foinc bo){s, whichl trinkets with the :ars the bread-fruit, its lea vet arc net "^c oblong, and vcrvi mucn] I ich refcmble thofe of the fig-tree. The fruit is not I like the cantaloupe melon: it u inclofed in u thin I In and its core is as large as a man's thumb. The |?L|j,ncc of this fruit i* fomewha' like that of new ^ad and as white as the uianci^c' almond. It mull k'ruallcd, and when eaten it has ti.c talte of a (light f,((incfj. \mong thofe who came on board the Kndeavour, ' jp elderly man, named Owhaw, known to Mr. fore *"*' "'hers who had vifited this illaiid with cap- .nWallis. Owhaw being conlidered by our gentle- tnas a very ufeful man, they lliidied to pleafe him, J to gratify all his wifhes. As our continuance in f -orce's llland was not likely to be very Ihort, certain Uwcre drawn up to be obfcrved by every perfon on Lurd hi* majelly's bark the Kndeavour, for the better ilablilhing a regular trade with the natives. The fub- jince of thefe rules were, " That in order to prevent . ■ujrrels and confulion, every one of the fliip's crew Luld endeavour to treat the inhabitants of Otaheiit ,,1, humanity, and by all fair means to cultivate a (rfiidfliip with them. That no i>lho«T, feaman, or ^|,f[ perfon, belonging to the fhin, excepting fuch livwho were appointed to barter with th^'nativei, ijuld -ade, or offer to trade, for any kinrji'of provi- (•n iriiit, or other produce of ihe ifland, Without hav- ij; Ixprcfs leave fo to do. That no perfon fhould cin- L.jif, trade, or offer to trade with any part of the imsltores: and, that no fort of iron, or any thing -^;, of iron, nor any fort of cloth, or other ufeful ar- ij^;,, in the Ihip, (hould be given in exchange for any (ujbui piovilion." Thtfencceffary rules were figned ktl'api. Cook, and, being his orders, to the non-ob- Itnince of them were annexed certain penalties, be- u., the punilhmcnt according to the ufual cii.'lom of When the bark waj properly fcciircd, Capt. Cook, Ijlf Banks, and Dr. Solander, went on fhore, with a Lrtv under arms, and their friend the old Indian. l^(V»erc received by foine hundreds of the natives L,|, JVC and reverence, who exchanged the tokens of Iwcfi ""* offered to condiid rticm to a fpot of ground, Itliich would be more convenient for thtm to occupy, likjn that where they had landed. On their way, the Umliih made the Indians fonie prefenti, which the Litrvorv thankfully received. They now took a cir- loiiiofahout four miles through groves of the bread- Ihiiind cocoa-trees. Intermingled with thefe were lit dwellings of the natives, which eonfiiled of huts Ifflliout walls. In the courfe of their journey they IfcundMii few fowls or hog», and underftood that none Miheir conductors, nor any of the people they had linkTi" feen, were pcrfons of rank in the ifland. rWiof our crew, who had before been atOiaheite in jikt Dolphin, were likcwife of opinion, that the queen's IttUence had been removed, as notraces of it were now |l)i)cdifcovercd. Ntxtdav, in the morning, before thev cotild leave Ifelhip, feveral canoes came about her tilled with pe7ih, had the misfortutie to lofe Mr. Uuchan The (a;ne dav they re. -ived a vilit from Tubourai Tamaiiic, and Tootahah. They brought with ihcm fome plantain branches, and till- thele were re- ceived, they woidd not venture on board. They bar- tered fome bread-fruit and a hog which was ready drfd'ed, for nails, with the Fnglilh. The fort bega.i to be creeled on the 1 8th. And now fome of the company were cn-.ployed in throwing up intrcnchments, whilft othcr< were bulied in cutiinj; fafcinesand pickets, in which work the Indians alliflcd ihem. They fortified three fides of tlu" place, with in- Irenchments, and palifadoes, and upon the othcrwhicb was Hanked by a river, where a brcall-work was formed by the water-calks. The natives brought down f.ch quantities of bread-fruit and cocoa nuts this day, that it was nccellary to reftile them, and to let th';m know that none would be wanting tor two days. Mr. Banks flept for the hrft time on fliorv.- this night. None of the Indians »acmpted to approach his tent, he ha I gentleman to accompany him to the woods. On their trrival at a pl.ice where he foinetinies rcfided, he prcfented hisgutlls with two'garmenis, one of which was of red cloth, and the other was made of fine mat- ting; having thus clothed Mr. Banks, he conduced him to the fhip, and flaid to dinner with his wife and fon. 'I'hcy had a difli lervrd up that f frame of which was of wood, fupported I'y ])olls a'ho, ,! five feet high, and was covered with a mat, ovcrwhii I lay a white cloth : by the fide of it lay a wooden niar • \ uid towards the 4iea(l two cocoa Ihells ; towards tl ' feet was a bunch of green leaves, and finail driciil boughs tied together, and ftuck in the ground, nr,i I * which was a flone about the fize of a cocoa imi ; i,^' I were alio placed a young plantain tree, and a (Ion/ axe. A great many palm nuts were hung in llrini.,jl the open end of the fhed ; and the flcin of a p, Im-tiJ was Ihick up on the outfide of it, upon winch v J placed a cocoa-fhcll filled with water. At the lidcl one of the polls there hung a little bag with {,mi roafted pieces of bread-fruit." The natives were iini pleafid at his approaching the body, their jtaloufv an pearing plainly in their countenances and mlluris On the iud wc were entertained by fome of ihcniuJ ficians of the country, who performed on an jnHf J ment fomewhat refembling a german flute, hut ihcnerj former blew thrsugh his ncjflril inllead of his nioiulf and others accompatiied this inflniment, (iiiuini),)!,! one tune. Stmie of the Indians brought tlu-ir aidsi grind and i-pair, moll of which they had ohijin from Captain VValli: and his people in ilic Dolpliiiii but a French one occafioned a little fpeculatio.i an at length upon emjuiry it appearcu to have been jJ here by M. ue Bougainvilie. On the 24th Mr. Banks and Dr. Solaivler madcj. excurfion into the country, and found it level andfei tile along the fliore, for about two miles to tho cal ward; after v.hic!i the hills reached quite tu the vj ter's edge ; and farther on they ran out into the fcl Having palled thcfe hills, which continued nbuutihrl miles, we came to an extcnfive plain, aboutidins vi] good habitations, and the people Teemed to eiijuvl confiderable fltare of property. The place wj, rciidq cd fliil itiure agreeable by ■ wide river iffiiini; rroral valley, and v lieh watered it. We eroded thisriv/ when percei.ing the country to be barren, wercrulvij to return, j uft as \\'e were about fo to do, wc were i fcred fome refrefhi.'cnl by a man, which fcnc wriiel have cxpreffcd to be a mixture of many nations different from all, his Ikin being of a dead hIiIJ though fome parts of his body were not fowhiicl others ; and his hair, eye-brows and beard were white as his (kin. His eyes appeared like thnlc iM are blnod-fhoi, and he feemed as if he was nea. fighied. Upon our return, the e.xccflive jov of T| bourai Tamaidc and hi* women is nut tu be prelled. ()u the ajth, in the evening, feveral of the «,mi men's knives being miffing, Mr. Banks, who had !f hiii among the reft, accufed Tubourai Tamaide of hi| ing taken it, which as he was innocent, occafioned I a great deal of unmerited anxiety. He made (\x while the tears ftarred from his eyes, that if he ever been guilty of fuch a theft as was imputed in hil he Would fiiffer his throat to be ;ui. But ihoii;;li| was innocent, it was plain from many inllances, il the natives of this illand were very much addiciedi ihievi'ig: though Mr. Banks'* fcrvan' hadmiilaidl knife in (lueflion, yci the red were produced inai by one ol the natives. When the guns on the sGlh; which were fix fwivd had been mounted on the fori, the Indians feemed be in great trouble, and fevcralof the filherineii remd ed, fearing, notwiihllanding all the marks of fnro (hip that iud been (hewn to them by our people, m (hould, within a few days, be (ircd at from 'ie (oi yet the next day, being the a7ih, Tubourai Tamtl came with three women, and a friend of his, wlu *i^ remarkable glutton, in'o the fort to dine with us, 1 after dinner returned to his own houfe iN the wu In a (hort time after became back to complain tot Hanki, of a butcher, who had threatened (u cut i wife'* throat, becaufc (he would not barter a It^ hat':he( fur a mil. It appearing clearly that the off ■ COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveria in the South :<(n, and ROUND the WORLD. j; j-rhad infringed one of the rules enjoined by the Cap- o"'V. j;'_...:.u .!._ : i._ n I .._ IJllI for trading with the natives, he was Hogged on hoard 111 their light. When the fird (Iroive had been ivfii, tiiey were humane enougii to interfere, and iii- Ircaii-'d earnclUy that the culprit migiii he untied ; hut ,1 ,i, (liis favour was denied them, liiey (Iiewed ilrong [jiisof concern, and burll into tears. Oil thciiSth, Terapo, one of Tubourai Tanniide's f/iti^le mteiidants, came d to the fori in the greatcft Ijji^tioM, tl'.e tears gulhin, )m her eyes. Mr. 15..nUs Iriiii: her full of lamentat ii and forrow, i iidlK-d upon ■ umijngthe caufe, but inlhad of aiifwering, flie It- k bcrlt'lf leveral times with a Ihark's tooih upo jr ifjj, (ill an cffuficn of blood followed, while her Lirifswasdifregarded by fevcral otiier Indians, who mniiiiued laughing and talking with the utmoll un- (oiicern. Afivr this, fhe gathered up fome pieces of tloih, which file had thrown down to catch the blood, aidihrcw them into the fea, as if (he wilhed to prevent .If lead trace and mark of her abfurd behaviour. ttc iIkii bathed in the river, and with remarkable (licfrfiiliiefs returned to the tent, as if nothing extra- ^iiiaryhad happened. During the forenoon of this in ihelndian canoes were continually coming in, and .flplcof both fexes tilled the tents of the fort. Mr. Uilineux, mailer of the Kndeavour, feeing a woman ,|i,ilc name was Oberea, he declared flie was the fame itfliin, whom he judged to be the (lueen of the ifland, Jlicnhf was there with Captain Wallis. The eyes of p-xs <"'^" were now fixed on her, of whom fo much ybi-eii faid by the crew of the Dolphin, and in the Ki null given of her by the captain. With regard to Jtrpirfiin, (he was tall, and rather large made; (he was itouifi'rty years of age, her (kin white, and her eyes bircatcxprelTion in them: (he had been haiidfome, hi her beauty was now upon the decline. It was not Ui bif<>,c an offer wa.s made to condud her on board titdiip. ^^hich (he ai.cepted. Manv prefents were lidc her, particularly a child's doll, which fhe viewed TjiitKiitively. Captain Cook iccompanied her on |i.[i', iiitl when we landed, (ii. prefentcd him with itj)^ .iiid fome plantains, in r. -turn for bis prefents, ,>i,h«cre carried to the fort in procelTion, Oberea and ll)it'i[ii.iin bringing up the rcai . In the way they met T,»iiilijli, who, iliough not king, feenied to be at this Bt; invclled with fovcreign authority. Knvy is found i»i,; thole who are fuppofed to be the children of fcriiH hiiure. Her influence was plainly vifible in a ijiirr winch to us was rather a fubjed of laughter tiniiffcrioiisconrideratuui. Toolahah no foonerfaw faiioll, ihan he dilcovercd ftvong (ymptoms of jea- \si\, iiir could any method be fnuiid of conciliating blnoiidlhip, but that of omplMneniing him with a liSalli). A doll was now prefer.ible to a hatchet ; kiivcrv (hort time taught the Indians the fiiperior [ni'jciil iron, which, on account of its ufefulnefs, pre- Hilcd over every other conlidcration. To fuch of the Kinhocame fiotn time to ii;'ie on board, the (hips pilicins Iceined to be very acceptable, but the wo- KBiliil not chule to talle them ; and though they were (i)(i!!ul ID (tine with our grntleinen, yet, for reafoni i»ii iinly to themlelves, they preferred the eatihg iniains with the fervanti. (*n(he 'i()ih, near noon, Mr. Hank.i paid a vifit to K.ci, hui was info, wai that (he was uflccp under fientiiiiig of her canoes and, going to call her up, ufurprilcd at linding her in bed with a young fellow hbdut twenty-five years of age, a difcovcrv which wfed hill) to retire rather difconcertrd; but no foon blliHici that a commerce of thin kind was by no Kimconlidered as fcandalous, the ladies frptpiently wiiii^ (lie men to amorous dalliance, of which they idt no tecrct ; ancl as to younR Obadrc, found in i»iih the t|ueen, he was well K..v.«n by everyone ibt ihc ohjeil of her lafciviniis hours. The quern I got up, and drclTed herfclf to wait upon Mr. nks, and after having, at a token of her particular prd, put on him a fuit of line cloth, they pro. led togciher to the tent*. In the evening Mr. Bks viCicd Tubuurai Tam.ti(lc. He wai aftonifhcd I No> I. to find iliis chief and hi.s f.i' Iv in ttrars, and not being able to ditcover the caufe, lu toon took leave of them. Upon his return the (jificers told him, that Owliaw had foretold, that the gun.s fhould be lircd within four days, and as this was the eve of the third day, they were al.inned at the (itiiation they judi", 'd thcmCel.es to be in. As we were a|)preheii(ive of ill confeqiience.s (lom this prepod'ellion, the ccntincls were doubled at ine fort, and we thought it neccdary to keep uinh'r anus ; hut Mr. IJanks walking round the jioint, at two in the morning, and lindiiig nothing that niigli". tend to encourage his Culpicions, be dropjicd them, and reded fecure in the fort. This our little fortification was now complete. A bank of earth four feet and an half high on the infide, and a ditch without ten feet broad and (ix dec]), formed tiie north and fouth fides. On the wed, oppofite ilie 'oay, was another bank (with ])alliladoes upon it) four feet high ; but a ditcli was un- neceifary, the works being at high-water mark. Upon the river's hank, on the ealt tide, was a range of water- ca(ks,filledw ith water. This being thought the weakeft fi'je, we planted two four pounders, and mounted fix f\,ivel guns, which rommandi'd the only two avenuei f'oni the • oods. \\ c had about forty-five men in this fort, iiicliiding the officci-i, and other gentlemen who redded (;n (hore. On the 30th, Tomio came in grent hade to our tents, and taking Mr. IJanks by the arm, told him, that Tu- bourai Tamaide was d\ iiig, owing to fomewhit that had bei'ii given him by our people, and intrcated him inflantly to-go to him. .\ccordingly Mr. Uanks went, and (bund the rndian very fick. lie had been vomit- ing, and had thrown up a leaf, which they faid con- tained tome of the poifon. Mr. Hanks having exa- mined the leaf, found it was nothing but tobacco, which the Indian had begged of (bine of the (hip's eonipaii)'. The matter, however, appeared in a very i'crious light toTuhourai Tamaide, who really concluded from tlic violent licktiefs he fuffercd, that he had fwallowcd fome deadly drui", the terror of which no doubt contri- buted to make him yet more (ick. While Mr. Hanks was exa'nining the leaf, he looked up to him, as if he had been jult on tlic jioint of death. Hut when the na- ture of thi.< deadly poifon was found out, he only or- dered him tc I., ink of cocoa-nut milk, which foon re- dored him to health, and he was as cheerful as before the accident happened. Thefe people fcemed in par- ticular indances to be fomctimes ftrangely afiliiflcd from dight caufes. On the id of May, Captain Cook having produced an iron adze, which was made in imitation of the done ones ul'ed by the natives, (hewed it to Tootah.ih, is a ruriofitv. The latter (iialched it up and inlided on having it; and ilumgh he was odered the choice of any of the articles in the chedr which were opened before him, yet lu- woiilil not ac eptof any thing in its dead A chief dined with us that day, who had been on hoara fome time before, accompanied by fome of his women that ufed to feed him. He now came alone ; and when all things were let rendy for dinner, the Captain helped him to (bme vifttiafs, fiippo(ing that he would have difpenfed with the ceremony of" being fed ; but lu was deceived ; for the chief never attempted to cat, and would have gone without his dinner, if onr of the fervants had not fed him. 'Tak t.exi morning, Mavi, we took the adronomical qua-* tirant and fome of the indnimcnts on (horc that aftcr- .loon ; and to our great (iirprifc, when we wanted to make ufc of the quadrant, the next day, it was not to be found ; a matter which was looked upon as the more extraordinary, as a centinol had been placed for the whole night within a few yards of the place where it was depofitcd. Our own people, at nrft, were fuf. peMcd of being concerned in tnis theft, and, as th«> in(lr|imrnt had never been taken outof (he tale, it was (u(pertcd thtu fon-.e perfon might hart carried it offj under the fiipporKion that its contents were niticle* ufed in traffic. A ftrlA Inarch was made in and about the fort, ai>d » cotiltderabic reward oAlrrtd in order to £ obtain I ■'■Asm 'ii v^ 'M. M " »f! 1^, h m^ ^ ■!' IV % M \l l> i8 Captain C00K'» VOYAGES COMPLEX obtain it agai.i. ^ut all this proving fruitlcfs, Mr. Banks, accompanied by Mr. Green and fomc other gentlemen, fot out for the woods, where they thought they niigl'i pr.ibably get fomc tidings of what was Rolen. In their way, they met with Tubourai Ta- riiaide and fomc of the natives. This chief was made til undcrftand by fisns, that they had loft the quadrant, and that as fome of his countrymen muft have taken it, they inlillcd upon being (hewn the place were it was concealed. Having proceeded a few miles to- gether, after fome enquiry, Tubourai Taniaidc was in- formed who the thief was, and it was found that lie was then at a place about four miles diiiant. As they had no arms but a brace of piltt)ls, not caring to truft them- I'clves Co far from the fort, a melfagc was difpatched to Capt. Cook, re(]ucfting him to lend out a party to fup- port them. Tlic ca|)tain accordingly fet out with a party properly armed, after having laid an embargo upon all the canoes in the bav. In the mean time, Mr. Banks and Mr. Green pro- ceeded on their way, and at the place which had been mentioned, were met by one of Tubourai Tamaide's own people, bringing with him part of the quadrant; the caf'- and the otlier parts of the inftrunient were recovered fi-on afterward"!, when it was found that it had received no real injury, thougii it had been taken to pieces. When ihey returned in the evcninj;, thry were much furpriled to find Tocitahah under confinement in ihc fort, while a croud of the natives furrounded ilif gate, difcovering marks of the greated anxivty for the fate of ihcir chief. The occafion of his detention originated from the condutl of the Indians: alarmed at Capt. Cook'.s having gone up the country with an armed par- ty, moft of the natives left the fort that csening, and one of the canoes attempted to quit the ba) . The lieutenant who commanded on board the. fhip, having it in charge not to fuR'cr any canoe to depart, fent a boat to detain her, but (be no fooner approached than die Indians jumped into the fca. 'ootahah being of the number, was taken up, and fi by the lieutenant to the officer that commanded at the fort, who conclud- ed he Ihould do right to detain him prifoncr, while the poor ch. ,. thought of nothing but being put to death, till Capt. Cook caufed him to be returned, to the great joy of his countrymen. But the natives were ftill in- clined to bear this affair in their minds, and as a proof of it, they negletted to fupply the market with urovi- fions. Mr. Banks walking into the woods, bcaru great murmurings concerning the treatment of Tootahah, who, as ihcy faid, bad been ill tifed and boaten, though Mr. Banks declared he wa.s quite ignorant of hit having received fuch treatment. The cliicf now fent for fuch hogs to be redored a« he hud left behind him, at firfl intending them as a prefcnt, which by thi> time, perhaps, he did not think the EngtiHi had weritedi but they rcfufcd to fend them i.tilels he would come himlcif, thinking by an interview to promote a reconciliati'tn ; and this they were the more defiruiisof, as they were told it would be a fort, nig'it before he would pay tbeni a viflu On liie 3d provifiont were extremely fcarce, as the narketi continued to be ill fiipplied on the account ulready mentioned ; and it was not withuiit fomc dif- bciilty, that Mr. Banks not a Lw bafkctt of bread-fruit from Tubourai Tamaide. Tootahah on the 41!) fent fur an axe and a (hirr .n return for the hugt, which were ai cordingly pr niied to be brought him the iicst day. He feitt again early in the morning of the 5(h, aiirl Mr. Banks nnd the Doctor fet out in the pin- nuc, taking with them one of Tootahah'* people and foon reached Eparre , where he rciided, which was a ftw n)ik-s 10 the weftward. When they arrived there, they found n treal number of the natives waiting for ilHMn oil ihc flinrc, and were ronUtided dirrUlvio the cluef, the petqrlc, nutwiihllanding the oH'enoc ihcy had n)l.iiely takcB,Oiuutinf{out inihcir langiMHe, '< Too- lahflh IS your friend." lie wai fitting under a rroe, and li»nic old nwn were flandirw ab^ut Ihih. llaviitg made (igiit Ciir (hem 4u b« fit«ied, he •fksi for tba axe, } which was then given him by Capt, Cook, as alfo th ftiirt that he had dcmanded,and a broad-cloth garm ^ which latter he put on, and was well pleafcd witliT' prefent. They ate a mouthful together in the bo'* and were afterwards conduced to a large court-v a\ on one fide of the chief's houfe, where ihcy were lu h.l entertained with wreftling after the manner of rl'f country. He hi'mfelf fat at the upper end of the at' I having feveral of his principal men on each (idi; him, who appeared as judges of the ("port, wliidnj,| as follows : ■ Ten or twelve combatants entered the area an* after ir.any fimplc ceremonies of challenging, thc'vcnJ gaged, and each endeavoured to throw his^antanoniM by mere flrength : thus they fcizcd each oihcr byilJ hand, or other parts of the body, grapling, wit'hoJ the leaft art, till one, by having a greater hold {» llronger mufcular force, threw his antagonill on U back. The conqueft was applauded by the old i with a few words repeated in a kind of tune, andxiiL three huzzas. After one engagement another fuJ cecdeil ; but if the combatants could not throw cacj other in the fpace of a minute, they parted, either 1 confent, or the intervention of their friends. Several women of rank in the country were prelent, but iiwii thought they only attended this amufemcnt in comp|J meni to the Englifh gentlemen. A man with aliict who made wa\' for us when we landed, officiated ; matter of the ceremonies, keeping order aiiioiw ih people, and thole of tliein who prciled forward ilrui k with his flick very fniartly. During thcic athle tic Iports, ant)ther party of men prrforined a diiiua for the fpace of a minute, but neither of ihcfc iiariij took the leafl notice nf each other, tlieir attcii;;, being wholly fixed on their owu endeavotirii n ,'<- audconquer. At i!ie condufiouof tliiseiueruii m not unlike the wrefUing matches of rcnioic an'ic.. 2 we were told, that fome hogs, and a large qu.iiniivil bread-fruit were preparing for our dinnei, ver\ ajirca able intelligence to thofewhofe appetiteswerclharu<( ed by their journey ; but our hoft, infleadof fctimijl' two hogs before us, ordered one of iheni to be carnd, into our boat. Here we thought to have enjoyed oiJ good cheer, and yet we neither dined on fhore, nor? the boat, but at the delire of Tubourai Tamaii proceeded as far as the (hip: no fmall nmrtilicaiiJ thii, at we had to row four miles, while our dinn wa« growing cold : however we were at lall gratitiJ with our proinifed repaff, of which our chief and I friends had a liberal (hare. This friendly recnncili lion between ihctn and lis, operated on ihc naiiv like a charm : for it was no (()oner known that Tidii) rai lamaide wa.s on board, than provifioMsorallkiiij were brought to the fort in great plenty. On the 8th, early in the morning, Mr. Molimu the Mailer, and Mr. Green let out in the pinnace the cattward, iu order to procure foine poultry 01 hoJ They faw many i»f the latter, and one turtle, yti cim not purchafe either becaulc they belonged to Todi hah, and without his nermiirion the people could noil prevailed upon to fell them. Hence we concluded lU Tu«)tahah was indeed a prince ; and wc aftcrwai learnt, that, in this part of the idand. he aUed at rcgJ for a minor, whom wc never faw all the time uf 1 Itay here. However, fomc time afterwards, hivij produced fome naiU to barter for provifions, we tamed near twenty vocoa-uuls, and fome brcad-tii for one of the fnulleft fizc, fu that we foon had pic^ uf thefe ariiclcf, though ik) hogs. In this exCuM Mr. Ctrcen imnginod he had difcovered a tree (if vurds in circumference ; but, on his retnni, lie wail iiirmed by our two gentlcinen, that it was a fpccicM the fig, wbofc braiKhca bending down to the c^ %»\if trefh root, and thus form a mals ^^f trunks, %h being all nniiLHi by acinini'in vegriAtion, n'ighteJ be nuftaken for one trunk or boiJv. On the qU) ill the forenoon, Obdea p.tid u< a < accumpaiiicd by her favourite Obadee, prcleiititid with a hug and fomc bread-fruit. This was the viflt wc bad received from this lady, iincc the lufJ COOK'S FIR' 1^ quadrant, and tl Lis time our forge \ ||i,idcdai)ew fubjca IpCapt- ^'""'' "" ■>f^< Lbligaiions on them, lltifurc hours, to am\ Ijipporod to have proi Ifercii' kinds of tools, liion as would have m lltquellcd to have doi Irtlilic'l in this parti IJ^kcnaxe, de(iriii;i 1,0 mended, and to Ifli, their return home loiioe whicli had lain I Onthcioth we fow llrtds of melons and lomc up except inn jjj-dswcrcfpoilcd by; Iji striordtnarv Vifii- UMAlDf'/ciind iiiraoTdinery Amiifeii fiiliing '" rifeive the QikripUoH of an Im ^lnJi/in iiooh.ry — /. ixfidutm — A Biiryi Jfrrfitratien^ madr Ikftniire 0/ the £N .' the 12th of th retnonvwaspc jU A- Mr. Bank* > ItiI:!^'^'" "'^ iifiial, for jirinccd in procelfion lltiuinfm each fide g; ltcif;t(irstopafs, who Jsnfplanfi. Tiipia, |(bii mafler of the c llnKhrs »bich were i Iji^iliein down in the |iwdlf> of cloth wert liKt'S which being div l^xonun, called Oorj ||Wci[mIi ttepping npo IdNths as high as iier ^ |«if'th-il (iinpkiiiv. III Idfinony flu; re ;^\ at ■.■•.), Ittcihcr two '■■.vtefi. <: Itin prefeiiicn. A-' ;- .'. , tkti liini ; : ' ■ •>, '•',!>! |)tiMfi''ve the TRANSIT of VENUS — The Uhfervattons made with great Succefi — A parlkular Account and Dikription of an Indian Funeral — An unnfual Charade r among the INDIANS — A Robbery at the Fort — Specimen Jj inimn (J>oke.ry — A Narrative of varinih Incidents — A Circumnavigation of the Ifland, and Occurrences during this [itiduton — A Burying-place, and a Morai or Place of Worjhip defcnbed — An Inland Expedition of Mr. BANKS ^frrfirations made iv the Crew of the KNDEdVOUR to leave the Ifland of OTAHEITE — An Account of the /ifM'M'f '/ 'A' ENDEAVOUR, and the Behaviour of the Natives, particularly of TUPIA, on this Uccafton. the 12th of this month (May) an uncommon iemonywaiperformcd by fwieof the natives. |W A'> Mr. Bank* was fittinf; in his boat, trading IfikiheTn as ufual, fome ladies, who were ftrangers, ItiiKcd in proccffion towards him. The rell of the ll^jin, on each fio», who «pp<«red to be the 1 |im;irKil, (tepping upon one of them, pulled up her liJMths as high as iier waill, and then, with an air of lpf;th(l iimphv itv. turned round three times. Tliis jjtfBKinvfhc re . at. I, vith hmilar f>rcHndl*nce», on |ttoiheri*o ii-v. < •■ clotht and the whole being llmprefenic* ■• ■. !i«tnkii, the ladies went and fa- IjKdhim; i' ■■ '>i "Inch eKtrnordinary favonrs, Ikwdethem Ijcn ; c' .it' a« he thought would bed tifftheui. In thk .er isig the gentlemen of the I were vilited by Oberea, and Othcorea, her fa- ~ uiir female attendant, who wfti a tery agreeable , and whom we were ihe more pleafed t<» fee, be- iatni hmi been reported that (he was cither fick or Oiiihei3th Tubourai Tam.iide on'cnded Mr. Banks Itlimichini; hit gun otitof his hand, and firing it in U»\ tn attion which alio much lurprifed that gcn> min, ashc imagined him totally ignorant of the ufe (11. i\v< • the ignorance ot the people of thofe unitidr , u'v'l to this particular, mull always caufe i(i> ff.K M. M g< 'M'is, Mr. Hanks therefore made \\iww m.iti. r (if wluit, piohably, the other meatit vncijoke, and, not without threats, gave him to lidftatid, that for him but to toui h the piece wai a kinluh, The odcndir ni,jde no reply, but fet out diairly, with his family, for Epai re. Great incon> nii'iKi' bcmg apprehended IVom tliiji man, and as in in liiltanccs he had been particul.'ily ufeful, Mr. iilMli'ti-rniined to follow linn. lie li:t out the fame hiMnrronithe fort, afcom]);mied by Mr. Molincux, idluuiidhim ill the middle of a larj^e circle of people, the pifture of extreme grief, which was alfo vifiblc in the countenances of his attendants. One of thewomen exprclfed her trouble in the fame manner as Terapo had (lone, upon another occafion. Mr. Banks lo(l no time in eitdeavouring to put an end to all anir.iofiiy. The chief was I'oothed into confidence, and, a double canoe being got ready, they all returned together to the fort before fuppcr : and as a pledge of fincere re- conciliation, both he and his wife parted the night it« the tent of Mr. Banks. Thst very night, notwithiland- ing their prefence.one of the natives attempted to fcale the barricadocsof the fort ; but, being di ("covered by one of our centinels, he ran away much fader than any of our people conld follow him. The temptationwhich canfed him to attempt what might have coft him hi* life wn<, doubtlefs, the iron and iron tools which were ill u(e nt the armourer's forge ; incitements to theft which none of the Indians could relift. On Sunday the 14th, in the morning divine fcrvice was performed at the fort. We hoped to have had the prefence of Come of the Indians, hut before the time fixed on for beginning the fervice, moll of them were gone home. Tubourai Tamaide and his wile were prefent, but though they behii veil with much decency, they tnade no enquiries with refpetl to the ceremonies, and their brethren were as little inquifitive upon their return. The day thus begun with arts of devotion, was concluded with thofe ol lewdnefs exhibited among the natives by way of entertainment. Among the reft a young fellow lay publicly with a girl about twelve years of age, in the prefence of many of our people, and a great number of the Indians, without the leaft fenfe ol" impropriety or indecency. Oberea, and fome women of the ftrfi rank in the country were Ipcttators, who even gave inflrudions to the girl how to perform her part, which, young as (he was. Teemed unnecefTary. On Monday the 15th, Tubourai Tamaide was Je- teOed in having committed a theft. Mr. Hanks had a Hood opinion o\ this chief, but, when his honefty was put to the left, A bafket of nails, left in the corner of the tent, proved irrcliftible. He cnnfcflcd the ("aft of having llolen four nails, but Vfhen rellitution was de- manded, Tamaide faid (he nails were at Eparre. High words paffed on the occafion, and, in the end, the Indian produced one of the nails, and was to be for- giveiton refloring the rell 1 but hii virtue was hot equal to :f|; f t ']m ..If; pf ' J-iiE-.i '1- m m rf if !l Ih , li^ if i r ri si»n i^ 20 Captain COOK's VOYAGES COMPLETE. COOK'S FIR to the talk, and he withdrew himfcir, as ufiial, when he had coininittod any offence. At this time our loiij;- boat was fo inucii eaten with worms, that it was found neccffary to give her u new bottom. On examining the pinnace, thinking (lie migiit be in the lame Hate, we iiad the fatisfailion to perceive, that not a worm had touched her. This diH'erence in the condition of the two boats we attributed to tiie dilferent ingredients with wliith their b(Utoms were jiaid ; the long-boat had been paid witii variiilh of pine, and the pinnace painted with white lead and oil ; which lall coating wc think to be the inoft eligibli' for the bottoms of all boats intended for this part of the world t)n the 24th, Mr. Hicks was fent to 'i'ooiahah, who had removed from Eparre to a place called Tettahah. The chief having fent feveral times to requed a vilit from the captain, promiling at the fame time, that he would acknowledge the favour bv a prel'ent of fome hogs, the bulincl'; of Mr. Hicks was, to obciin, if polfibic, the hogs, upon ealier terms than the re(|uired vifit. He was received in a friendly maniRT by Too- tahah, who, upon his arrival, produced one hog only but promiled tiiree more th.it were at a diftance the next morning. Mr. Hicks waited patiently till the appointed time; but when the morning came, he was obliged to depart with the fingle hog that had been pielentcd to him. On the 25th, .\lr. Banks feeing Tubourai Tamaide and his wile Tomio at the tent for the lirft time lincc the former had been detected in Healing the nails, he endeavoured to perfuade him to rellore them, but in vain. As our gentlemen treated him w i r^-'erve and coolnels which he could not but perceiv , .. was fhort, and lie departed in a very abrupt lu., iu)r could our furgeon the next morning perfuade t .Heel a reconciliation by brii-.ging down the nails. On the a/th, .Mr. Uanks, Dr. .Solan'dcr, Captain Cook, and fome oliiers, let out in the pinnace to vilit Tootahah, who had again removed to a place called Atahourou, fix miles from his laO abode ; and not be- ing able to go half way thither in a boat, it w.i< almoft evening before we arrived. Wc found the chief, as ufual, fitting under a tree with a great crowd aiioul him. Having made our prefents in due form, con- fining of a yeHow Itulf petticoat, and other trilling ar- ticles, we were invited to fupper, and to pafs the night there. Our party coiifilled of fix only ; but the place was crouded with a greater number than the houfes and canoes could contain. Among other giiefts were Obc- rea with her train iil attendants. .Mr. Hanks having ac- cepted of a lodging in Oberea's canoe, left bis roinpa- nions in order to retire to rill. Oberea had the charge of hit cloalhs : but notwiililtaiiding her care, thev were llolen, as were atfo hit piftols, his powder-horn, and feveral other things out of his waiftcuai pockets. An alarm was given to Tootahah, in the next canoe, who went with Oberea in fearch of the thief, leaving Mr. Banks with only his breeches and waiitcnat on, and his mulket uncharged. They foon returned, but with- out fiiccefs. Mr. H.inks thought proper to put up with the lofs at prefent, and retired a fecond time to red ; jiift as he had compofed himfelf to deep, he was roufed by fome mufic, and obfervcd lights at a lit.le dillance from the fhore. He then role to go and find his companions. \s fonn as he approached the lights, be found the hut where ('aptain Cook aiul three otiiers of the gentlemen lay, when he began to relate hismif- adveniiire to them ; tin y told him in return, that they had loll their llockings and jackets. Inelfet:l Dr. So- iander, who joined them the next morning, was the only one that efcaped being robbed, and he had llcpt at a ht.ufe that was a mile diftant. This accident, how- ever, did not prevent Captain Couk, Mr. Ranks, and the rell that were at ilie hut, from attending to the mufic which was a lort of concert called lleiva, and confifled of drums, flutes, and levcral voices. They retired again tu their repole, alter this cnlcrtuiimient wai over. Their cloathv, and the other things which had been ftolcn, wcic never heard of afterwards, but Mr. Uanki got fome cloaths from Oberea, in which he inadc whinifical appearance. On the 28th, we fct out for the boat, havinffokl tained only one hog which had been intended foro "■ fupper the preceding night j fo that, all things conf | dered, we had little reaf'on to be fatistied with our c T curlion. On our return to the boat, we had a fpctiinerj, of tiie agility of (he Indian fwiminers, fome of whoml merely for diverfion, fwam in a furf where no turn pean boat could have lived, and where our bcft l\\.' mers mull have perilhed, had they accidentally faiL in with it. At this time the preparations were made for vicwin the tranlil of Venus, and two parties were lent on to make obfervatioiio front diH'erent fpot.s, ihatiiicaf of failing on one place, they might fucceed in aiiotlicr They employed themfclves for fome tinie iiiproparin' their inltruinents, and inflruding thofe gentlemen whl were to go out, in the ufe of them j and on Tiiiirf da)-, the fii ff of June, they fent the long-boat with ^'r" (iore, .Mr. Monkhoufe (the two obfervers) and .M|' Sporing, the latter of whom was a friciul of \\r\ Uanks, with proper inflruments to Emayo. ()|],^, were fent to fiiiil out a fpot that might aniwer the pur. pole, at a convenient diflance from their princio' llation. The party that went towards Emayo, after rowini the greater part of the night, having hailed a cam, were informed of a place by the Indians on baan which was judged jiroper for their obf'crvatory, uhi they accordinglv fixed their tents. It w,ij » fod that rofe out of tiie water about i.jo yards from ih Ihotc. Saturday the 3(1 (the day oftlic tranfit) Mr. Banki as loon as it was Ii'.;lit, left them, in order to en an get frefh prcjvifioiis on the illand. This gentlcit),inh the f.itisfidion to fee the fun rife without a cloiii The king, whole name w.isTarrao, came to pay him vilit, as he was trading with the natives, aiiti broujl with him Niina his filler. As it was ciillomarv fc the people in thefc parts to be fcaied at their confci eiKc.s, Nil. Uanks fpread his turban of Indian cloii which he wore a\ a hat, upon the ground, nn vthi they all fit (low 11. Tlitn a hog and a dog, fome coc nuts, and bre.id-fruit were brought, being tlic kir prefent ; and .Mr. Hanks lent for an adze, a (hirt, ai fome beads, which were prefeiited tohi» majcllv, wl received them with apparent fatisfaflion. Tuboui Tamaide, and Tomio, who had gone with Mr. Ban came from the obfervatory, when Tomio, who was fa] to be related to Tarrao, gave him a long nail, audi a (hirt as a prefent tu Niina. Afterwards the lii his fiflcr, and three beautiful young women their teiidants, leturned with Mr. Uanks to the obfervaioi where he fhewed them the tranfit of Venus, when i planet was upon the fun, and acquainted thcin, that view it in that fiitiation was the caufe of hit iindi taking a voyage to thofe remoter parts. Acfuniii to this gentleman's account, the produce of thi) illii is nearly the fame with that of Otahrite; the pioi alfo refembled thofe of that illand : he had recii m. of them upon it who were ac(]uaiiiied with the nai of trading articles. The parties that were fent iiiU| make their obfervations on the tranfit, had gooii eels in the undertaking ; though they differed rail more than might have been expcfled in their iccoi of the contad. » Mr. GREEN'S account was as follows: Houn. Min. See] The firll external eoniafl The fir(l internal contad, or total emcrlion The fecond internal confaO, or beginning of the cnier- (iun The fecond external contaA, or total cnicrfion • 9 «5 4 9 44 4. 3 «4 8 t 8« >^ LiU U ' « .'\.4v -rnri-r i COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for raakkig D/fcowr/esin die &,uii Seiu & Rotfrtd the Worid^ a-i rjJuUe ot tiic oDlervatory 17 deg- 29 mm. 15 fee. fouth 1— longitude, 149 deg. J2 miiu 38 fee. weft icoxa Greenwich. ^hilc the gentlemen and officcri were bulled in ticwing the tranfjt, fomc of the lliip's company having Ln))(C into the iiore-room, tooic the liberty of dealing -yjijljtyoffpike-naiU. After a ftricl fearch the thief J| found out I he had, however, but tew of the nails ■ bis poffeflion ; but he was ordered to receive two ^cn oi lalhcs, by way of example. On the ^th, ihc two parties fent out to obferve the (lanlit were abfent J 011 «hith account we deferred Ljfuing his Majelly's birth-day to the next day, the ,[h when we celebrated the fame, fcvcrsi of the Indian L.ffs partook ot our entertainment, and in turn drank Jj Maidly's health, by the name ot Kihiargo, the .fjrcH mmaiion they c.juld produce of K.ng George Jbout this time ;m old tcnwiu ot I'ome niflinotion ^jiPjr^ jjave the l!nnlilh an opportuwty of obferving i^tcreiu'iiiitri iifcd by thtfe itlaiKiers in difpoting of jj,jji...J boilies of tlicir people; which', a^ we ha've »'(birvcd, th y do not directly bury. The reader has lljiudy le'i' the ilcfcripuon of t c bier, the placing L J tiid-lr.iit, Cv:c >»hich. aciording to Tubourai I1 iiiaiac'saccount, wata kind ot otienag no their gods. lu \K lr<)nt of the fqiiare Ipacc, a forP of ttile was lliljau, where the relationsof thcdcceafed ftood togivc lUcn of their grief. There were under the awning Ijmn: pieces of cloth, wherttjn were ttic tears und l)ltM)d |ji;tif mourners, who ufed to wound thcmlVIvcD with lalhark's tooth upon thefc occafioiis. Four temporary ltoi.l thouj^h llic furmounted her lear< -..ith great Jortitude, and wasdefirousof fleeping with r.tratten ..its inMr. Bantis's tent; but this being rel'ufed, Ihe was obliged to pafs the niglu in her canoe. A whole tribe of In- dians would have flept in the ball tent, but were not permitted. The next morning Oberea returned, put- ting herlelf wholly in our power, when we accepted of her prefents, which flie doubtlefs ;r,ji:ght, and jullly too, the rnoli effectual means to brmg about a recon- ciliation. Two ol' her attendants were very alTiduous in gettmg thcmfelves huibands, in which they fuc- ceedeJ, by means df the furgcon and one of the lieute- nants : thev leinud very agreeable till bed-time, and dctcrmincci to lie in Mr. baiiks's tent, which they .ic- cordingly did, till the furgeon having fome words with one of them, Mr Banks thruft her out, and flic was followed by the reft, except Otea-Tea, who cried fome time, and then he turned her out alio. This had like to have beconiea ferious aiuir, a duel being talked ot between Mr. Banks and Mr. Monkhoufe, but it was hap[>ily avoided. We had been informed, that in this illand dogs were erteemcd more delicate food than pork, as thofe bred by the natives to be eaten fed cn- tirijly upon vcv;ctablcs. The experiment was tried. T»ipi» undertook to kill and drels the dog, which he did, by making a hole in the ground, and baking it. Weali ?j;reed it wjs a very good difli. Oil I'e i I ft wc w ere viiited by m.iny of the natives, who brought with tncm various prefents. Among the reft was a chief, named Oamo, whomwc had not yet feen. He had a boy and a )<>ung woman with him. The former was carried on a man's b:ick, which we conliderrd as a piece of ft ite, for he was well able to walk. Oberea and fome of the Indians went from the fort to meet them, being bareheaded, and uncovered as low as the waift ; cireumftances we had noticed before, and judged them marks of refped which was ufualiy rtiewn to perlons of high rank. When Oamo entered the tent, the souii'; woman, though feemiiigly very curious, could not be prevailed upon to accom- pany him. The )outh was introduced by Dr. Solan- der; but as foon as the Indians within faw him, they took care to have him very foon fcnt out. Our cu- rioiity being raifcd by theic cireumftances, wc made enquiry concerning the ftrangcrs, and were informed t!at Oamo was the hulband of Oberea, but that by inuti.al tonfent they had been for a confiderabletime feparated, and the boy and girl were their children. The former was called Terndiri : he was heir apparent to the foverrignty of the iflands, and when he had .at- tained the proper age, was to marry his fifter. The prefent fovereign, Outou, was a minor, and the fon ct a prince, called Whappai. Whappai, Oamo. and 'Jootahah, weie all brothers; Whappai was thccloe ' and Oamo the fecond ; wherefore, Whappai having no child but Outou, Terridiri was heir to the fove- rcignty. To us it appeared fingular, that a boy fliould n ign durin;^ the life of hk father ; but in the ifland of OMheite a l)oy fucceeds to his father's authority and tiih- as foon as he is born ; but a regent being ncccf- firy, iliat ollice, though elcdive, generally falls upon the father, who holds the reins of government till the child is of age. The rcalbn that the elec^lion had fallen upon Tooiahah, was on account of his warlike exploits among his brethren. Oamo was very inqui- IJtue, afking a number of tjucftions concerning the Englilli, by which he appeared to be a man of under- Handing and penetration. At this time, a woman, named Tectee, who tame from the weft of the iflitihl, fjrefcnted to the captain an elegant parmcnt. The jiround was a bright yellow, it was bordered with red, and there were feveral crofles in the middle of it, wliich they had probably learned from the Frcncli. On the 33d, in the morning, one of our hoivd* bci«^ milling, wc enquired for him among the natives jnH were told he was at liparre.Tootahah's refidcncei'nti-. wood, and one of the Indians oftcred to fetch himbatk which he did that evening. On his return he informJ us, that he had been taken from the fort, and carrietlt the top of the bay by three men, who forced him intAJ a canoe, after having ftripped him, and condiiftctihimi to Eparre, where he received fome cloatlis from Too tahah, who endeavoured to [)revail on him to continue there. We had rcafon to conclude this account true. t()r the natives were no fooner acquainted with hii return, than they left the f<)rt with precipitation. On June the 26tli, early in thc'morning, Ciiptjjj,! Cook fetting out in the pinnace with Mr. Ijaj,!;' I failed totheeaftward withadefign of circiimnaviJ gating the ifland. They went on fliore in the fort | noon, inadillrii^t: in the government of Ahio.ayoufijl chief, who at the tents had fre(|iicntly been their vilj.l tant. And here alfo they faw feveral other nativejl whom they knew. Afterwards they procecdcii tothtl harbour where M Bougainville's velfel lay, uhcnhel came to Otahfite, and were fliewn the watering; p|j(. I and tiie fpot where he pitched his tent. ' *| Coming to a large bay, w hen the Eiiglifli gentlcnicijl mentioned their delign of go ng to the other iiilc, thciJ Indian guide, whofe ivime was I'ltubaola, faid hcMouljl not acceimpany them, and alfo endeavoured todiiruailel the captain and his people from going ; obtervinij " that cou nry was inhabited by people whowctcnod fubjcct toTootahah, and who would deft roy them, i|| ■ Notwithflanding, they refohed to put their diH.i into execution, loading their pieces with ballj and^aa laft Titubaola ventured to go with them. Haw.T> rowed till it was dark, they reached a narrow irthmui which fevered tin- illand n two parts, and theletomicij diftinot governnieiits. I lowever, as they had not \ J got into the hoftile part of the country, it v^asthoiiuhj proper to goon fliore to fpend the night where Oorii tova, the lady who had paid her complimeni;. in fJ extraordinary a manner at the fort, piovided then with a fuppcr, and they proceeded for the other eo vernment in the morning. I'hey afterwards landed i* the diftriCt of a chief called Maraitata, and his fathci was called I'ahairede. The former of thefc name! fignihes the burying p!tcf 0/ irtfn, and the other th jUiiier of I'oais. Tt.efe people gave the captain a scri good rece|)tion, fold them a hog lor a hatchet,andt'iiri milled them with provilions, A crowd ot the n,iiiv^ came round the F.nglilh gentlemen, amongl) whon however they met only two with whom they were ad quaintcdi but they lat^' feveral European commodme yet they (Krceived none that came out of the tnJn vour. Ileie they faw two twelve pound Ihot, omt which had the king's broad arro* upon it, tet tl^ natives faid they had tlvtn from M. Iknigamviil They afterwards ail vanced till they reached that diiluj w hie h was under the government ot Waheatua, \*hi)hd a fon : it was not knomi in whole hands the liivcrn! power was depolited. I here they found a fpaciouipl with a river, which they were obliged to pafs ovi in a canoe, though the Indians that followed ilici fwam over without any difficulty. They pioceedtdc their journey for a confiderable way along the lliug till at laft they were met by the chief, wtio had wil him an agreeable woman, o\ about 21 years of a/ who was called Toudidde. Mer name was nut u| known to the Englifli, who had olieii heard ul il and flic was fuppofed to bear the fame rank hcicf Oberea bore in the oih< r pari of the ifland. 'rhc|/,id through which they now palled appeared to he Uii cultivated than any ol the reft, anil the burial plaol w ere more in number : they weic neat, and urnanuiitl with carvings i and in one ac0i.k was feen, which v4 painted with the various colours of the bird. Thuul the country was apparently fertile, very little ImJ fruit was to Ik found here, a nut culled Ahee lurnilhij the principal fulliftence ol the inh ibitants. Iking fatigued with their journey, they wentonl their boat, and landed in the evening on an ifUndNthI wu oiled Uiooaretie. to feck (yr (elrelhincnt. M . . . _ ...„.,, ^^ nwl ilie invitation. "^ ■'"cook's first VOYAGE— for making Difcyociics ifi the South Seat & Round the World. 23 links going, inio the woods for this porpole, when it ^jrk doiild difcovcr only one houfe, wherein lie found fomeof the nuts before mentioned, and a little , ,jj. fruit. There was a good harbour in the fouthtrn -rtol tl'is >fl->'Hl. and the furrounding country ap- P'lrtJ to be extremely fruitful. Landing at about t^rte miles dilfance, they found feme of the natives, I l,g„, they well knew, yet it was not without difficulty Ijt they obt^'ined a few cocoa-nuts before they de- r,r;eil When they came a little farther to the eall- \lih1, tliey landed a^^ain, and here they were met by viiili'm'") thccliief with whom they were not at all ' imit-d. He fupplied them with bread-fruit and l|,',,jnuib-,and they pi:rchafeda hog of him foraglafs IkkiIc, which hechofc in prcfcrrnce to ail the other I [kIcs prefcntcd before him. A turkey-cock and a ilcwcic ftcn here, which were much admired by I y J;irivf.s, and v\erc fuppofed to have been left there Iti iJpt- Walli.s's people They obferved in a houlc l.jttiie r.iuie pl.ue fevcra! human ja*-bones, which L „Kil trcih, and had not loR any of the teeth, and Lrelaliencd to a board ot a femicircular figure; but Ircv could not <;ct any information of the caufcof this l,i;tJordinary appearance. Whni tiicy left the place, the chief piloted them ipir ihc Ihoals In the evening they opened the bay L the north- wclHide of the illand, uhich anfwered lotnitonthe louth-cart in fuch a manner as to inter- L..it at the illhmus. Several canoes came off here, IinJ liiinc beautiful women giving tokens that they koJil I"*' r'"' '" It'cthem on (liore, they rcaddy ac- Imicil the invitation. They met with a very friendly jitccption from the chief, whole name was Wi-croii, |,j,,,j»,vcdircClions to fonieof his pcop e to allift th>.:n LaKliing their provifjons, v. hich were now very plen- ItkUna they fupiwd at Wiverou'b houfe in company |,i:r Mithiabo. Part of the houfe wa» allotted for Lniiollfp in, and fmm after fupper they retired to Ik.i. Mathi.ibohavingbormwcdacloakof Mr. Banks, ^:J{r!hc notion of uling it as a coverlet when he hiy Ifcin, iiuilcotf with it without being perceived either Khiim: .tknianor his companions : however, news Lihctoi-hirv Iving prcfcntly brought them by one |in:,i.iuiives, they fet out m purfuit of Mathiabo, but lui rocccdei* on') a very little way before they were lut: hj ,1 pulon bringing back the cloak, which th;s k; iu(i nivcn up rather through fear than from any imi| ic ot honelly. On their return, they found the IkclciiKircly dclcrtcd 1 and, about tour in the morn- |h, li.c ccntinel gave the alarm that the boat was k'injr. (jptain CtH>k and Mr. Iliinks were greatly livniioi at ihii. atttmnt, and ran to the watcr-fidc; ||»,iii.Ki^li It was a clear (lar-light morning, no boat liiL i'ctn. Their (iiuation was now extremely dif- TihW. The party lonfified of no more than four, fciinMMth them only one nuifquet and two pocket c-l., without a Iparc ball or a charge of [wwiler. ^nir.g remained lomc time in a (late of anxiety, iiin,;lrom tlxl'e circundlances, of which they kared tln>,u:i8 might t«ke advantage, the boat, which iittn driven away by the tide, returned ; and Mr. eUflnJ his companions had nofiaoner brcakfartcd I ihcy departed. This place it lituatcd on the ithMcot Tiarrabou, the fouth-eaft pcninfula of iiiimil, al)out five miles caft from the ifthmus, with L'bui.r iqual to any in thofc parts. It was fertile ,»i|mlous, and the inhabitants every where bc- ti luih great civility. \V'; \i\\ (lilli lot in Tiarrabou, in which they land- ih governed by a chief named Omoc, He was iHi IJing a houfo, and was very earncft to pur- I'htt, but the gentlemen had not one left. ■ouiil not tr.ule for nails, and they embarked, the itl,:o',vi:vir, following them in his canoe with his li ly Wire afterwaids taken on board, but when kUl tilled about a league, dcfired to be put on Huir rciiuell wwi complied with ; when the fm imt wit h lonie of Onnoc'n jjcople, who brought imcin a very large hog. The chief agreed to ex- ta the hog for tn axe and • naU» and to bring the bcaft to the fort. As the hog was a very fine one, Mr. IJanks iuccjited the ort'cr. They law at this place one of the Indian I'latuas, a fort of iin;ige, made of wicker- work, which rvfcinblcil a man in tigurc ; it was near fcvcn feet in height and was covered with black and white fcathcr-s ; on the head were four protuberances, called by the natives Tita ete, that ii, little men. Having taken their leave of Onioe, the gentlemen fee out on their return. They went on (hoie again after they had rowed a (cw mile? but law nothing, except a fcpulchral building, which was ornamented in an extraordinary m.inncr. The pavement, on which was erected a pyramid, was very neat ; at afmall diUancc there was a (lone image, very uncouthly carved, but which the n;itives feenicd to hold in high elliination. I'hcy pafTed through tiic harbour, which was the only one rtt for (hipping, on the fouth of Opoureonou, li- tuate about five miles to the wedward of the illhmus, bet" een two fmall illands, not far from the (hore, and within a mile of each other. They were now near the dillri(fl called Paparra, which was that where Oamu and Oberea governed, and where the travellers in- tended to fpend the night. But when Mr. Banks and his comi^aiiy landed, about an hour before it was dark, It appeared they weie both fet out to j):\y them a vilit at the fort. However, they llcpt at Oberca's houfe, whiih was neat, though not large, and of which there was no inhabitant but her father, who flicwcd them much civility. They took this opportuniry of walking out upon a point, iipt>n which they had obferved at a dillance fomc trees called Ktoa, which ufually grow upon the burial places of thefc idanders. They call thofc burying grounds Mor\i. And here Mr. Banks fawa vaft build- :n,r. xvhuh he found to be the Moral of Oamo and Olierca, which was the moll coiilidtiable piece of ar-> chitcCtiire in the illand. It conlilled of an enormous pile of Hone work, raifed in the form of a pyramid, with a tlight of (Icps on each fide. It was near 270 leet long, about one third as wide, and between 40 and I 50 feet high. The tijundation conliHed of rock ilones; the (lc;is were of coral, and the upper part was of roi:nd pebbles, all of the fame fliape and Cue. The rock and coral (lones were ftjuared with the utmoll ncatnefs and regularity, and the whole building ap- pealed ascompaOiaiid (irmas if it had been erected by the bill workmen in Europe. What rendered this laft circumdancc the more extraordinary was theconfidc- ratio!i,that when this pile was raifed, the Indians mult have been totally dellitiite of iron tools either to fhape their Hones or for any other necefTary purpofe, nor had they mortar to cement them when made lit for life j lb that a (IriiCture of fuch height and magnitude nuift have been a work of infinite labour and latigue. In the centre of the fuminit was the rcprcfcntation of a bird carved in wood i clofe to this was the .Igiire of a (ifh in ftone. The pyramid coiillituted par: of one Jidc of a lourt Or fquare, the (ivies of which were nearly equal 1 and the whole was walled in, and paved with fiat (lones ; notw ithd.inding w hich pavement fcvcial plan- tains, and trees which the n.uives call fuoa.grew with- in the indofure. At a fmall dillance to the wellward of this edifuc was another paved fquare, that contained fcvcral fmall (lages, called F.wattas by the natives; which apj>eared to be altars, whereon they placed the offerings to their gwis. Mr. ISanks afterwardsobfcrvcd whole hogs placed upon thefc (lages or altars. On Friilay the 30th they arrived at Otahorou, where they found their old acquaintance Tootahah, who re- ceived them with great civility, and provided them a good (upper and convenient lodging; and though they had been fo (hame(iilly plundered the laft tinie they llept with thischiel, they ("pent the night in thegrcated fecurity. none of their cloaths nor any other article be- ing miirmg the next morning. They returned to the fort at Port Royal harbour on the ift of July, having difcovcrcd the illand, including both peninfuUs, to bu about 100 miles in circumference. After their return fronri this tour, they were very much in want of bread-fruit, none of «hich they had * been *"P^|lli A hi ■mm 24 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. been able to provide thcmfelves with, as they had fccn but little in the courfe of their journey ; but their In- dian friends coming round them, foon fupplicc' their Want of provifions. On the 3d, Mr. Banks made an excurfion, in order to trace the river up the valley to its fourcc, and to remark how far the country was inhabited along the banks of it. He took fome Indian guides with nim, and after having feen houfcs for about fix miles, they came to one which was faid to be the laft that could be met with. The mailer prtfcnted them with cocoa- nuts and other fruits, and they proceeded on their walk, after a Ihort ftay. They often palled through vaults tbrmed by rocky fragments in the courfe of their journey, in which, as they were told^ benighted tra- vellers fomctimes took llielter. Purfuing thecourfcof the river about fix miles farther, they found it banked on both lidcs by rocks almoft icx)fi:ct in height, and nearly perpendicular j a way, however, might be traced Op thcfe precipices, along which their (ndian guides would have conduced them, but they declined the Offer, as there did not appear to be any thing at the fummit which could repay them for the toil and dan- jVcrs of afcending it. Mr. Banks fought in vain for minerals among the rocks, which were naked almolf on all lidcs, but no mineral fuhflances were found The lloncs every w here exhibited (i^ns of having been burnt, which was the cafe of all the rtones that were found while they ftaid at Otaheiie, and both there and in the neighbouring idands the traces of (ire were evi- dent in the clay upon the hills. On thc^4th, a great quantity of the feeds Of water-melons, oranges, limes and other plaints, brought from Rio lie Janeiro, were planted on c.ich lide of the fort, by Mr. Banks, who alfo plentifully fupplied the liulians with them, and planted many of them in the woodr. Some melons, thi: feeds o» which had been fowii on the firft arrival oi the Englifh at the illand, grew u^jand Houriflicd before they left it. B) this time ihey began to think of making pre- parations til depart ; but Oamo, Oberea, and their fon and daughter vifitcd them before they were ready to fail. As to tne young woman, (w nofc name was Toi- niat.i) the was curious to fee the tort, but Oamo would not permit her to enter. The fon of U'aheatua, chief of the S, E. peninfula, was alfo here at the fame time; and (hey w eie las ourcd with theconipaii) ot the liulian who had been To dextrous as to Ileal the i|uadrant, as above related. The carpenters being ordered to take down the gates and pallifadocsof the fort, to be con- verted into fire-wood for the Kndeavour, one of the natives Hole the llaple and hook of the gate; he was purfued in vain, but the property was atterwarJs re- covered, and returned to the owners by Tubourai Tamaide. Before their departure, twocircumftances happened which gave Capt. Cook fome unealincfs. The firll was, that two foreign failors having been aboard, one of them was robbed of his knifi, which as he was en- deavouring to recover, he was dangeroufly hurt with a Hone by the natives, and his companion alfo received a llight wound in the head. The otfenders efcapcd, and the captain was not anxious to have them taken, as he did not w.->.nt to have any difputes with the Indians. Between the 8th and 9th, two young marines one night withdrew thcmfelvcs from the tort, and in the morning were not to be met with. Notice having been given the next day that the fhip would fail that or the cnfuing day ; as they did not return, Capt. Cook began to be apprchenfive that they dcfigned to remain on Ihorcj but as he was apprifed in fuch a cafe no cf- fciihial nuaiis could be taken to rmiver them wiihout running a 1 iliiue ot lieftroying the Iiariiiony lublilting bctweenthe Knglilh ami the natives, he refoivcd to wait a day, in hopes of their returning of their own accord. But as they were IHII milling on the tenth in the morn- ing, an inquiry wns made after ihcm, w hen the Indiani declared, that they did not propofc to return, having taken refuge among the mountaiiis, where ii was ini' poflible loi them to be difcovcred ; 9od added Thu carh of them had taken « wife. In confcqucntcol" this, it was intimated to feveral of the chiefs tint «;» in the fort with the women, among whom were Tu bourai Tamaide, Tomio, apd Oberea, that they would not be fuft'ered to q ut it till the dcferter^ were pr(ul duced. f hf y *^''l ""t Ihew any figns of fear or difcon I tent, but aflurecl the captain that the rpafines lliouM f be fent back- Jn the mean time Mr. Hiclis wasdjl I patched in the pinnace to bring Tootabah on bojM the fliip, and he executed his conimiflioti withooti giving any alarm. Night coming on, Capt. Cookl thought it not prudent to let the people, w horn hehadl detained as ho&ages, remain at the tort j he thctcfarel gave orders to remove them on board, which greati?| alarmed them all^efptcially the fetriales, whotcliitieJI the mol,l gloomy apprehenlions by Hoods of tears I Capt. Cook elcorted Oberea and others to the fl.in but Mr. Banks remn'icd on Ihore w ith fome ImJuiij I whom he thought it 'j Ids im(x>rtance to detain lol the evening one of the marines was brought back hT fome of the natives, who leported that the other ani two of our men who went to recover them, would detained while Tootahah was confined, Upon thlJ I Mr. llick» was immediately fent off in the long boaJ ] with allrong body of men, to refcue the pnlomril at the fame time the captain told Tootahaii, t^u J was incumbent on hjin toalfiU them with fomcotiiij people, and to give orders, in his name, that the mcij Ihould be fct at liberty ; tor that he would be cjipixici toanfwer for the event. Tootahah inunediattlvtonii plied, and this party releafed the men without ani oppolition. On the nth, about feven in the morning, thcvrei turned, but w ithout the arms that had been taken irod them when they were made prifonersj thtfc, houcvti being reftored foon after, th<; chiefji on board wtut lowed to return, and thofe who had been detained ( Ihore were alfo fet at liberty. On examining the il lerteis, it appeared that the Indians had told thetrutj they having choftn two girls, with whom they wouU have rimained in the illand. 4t this time the pov] of Oberea was not fo great a* it was when the Uoiphy lirtt difcovcrcd the illand. Tupia, whofcnanicl been ot'ten mentioned in this voyage, had been prime minilkr. He was alfo the chief piictt, coi fequently «ell acciuainted with the religion of i3 country. He had a knowledge of navigation, aj was thoroughly acquainted with the number, litu tion, and inli.ibitants of the adjacent illands. Tji chief hud ottcn exprcfTed a delire to go with u$ vih we continued our voyage. On the 1 2th in the morning he came on Iward, wi A boy about twelve years of age, his fervant, ni laiyota, and requellcd the gentlemen on l)oafd tnl him go wiih b'm. A» we thought he would be ufJ to us in many particulars, we unanimouilyagrcidl comply w ith his requell. Tupia then went on ilia for the lall time to bid farewell to his friend*, townj he gave feveial baubles as parting tokens ot rcmci brance. j Mr. Banks, after dinner, bcinjr willing to ohtaii drawing of the Moral, which 'Igotahali M in pollellion at Lparrc, Capt. Cook accoiniwniid thither in the pinnace, together with Dr. St)land They immediately ujjon landing repaired to luoi hall's houle, where they were met by Oberea liveral others. A general good underllaudniff vailed. Tupia came back with them, and ttuv [ niilcd 10 vilit the gentlemen early thentx: dayj they were told the fliip would then fail. On the i.jih thefe friendly people came very ( on board, and the Ibip was liirrounded uiihat number of canoes, filUii with IndUnsof tlic ; fort. Between eleven anU tvvelvc wc weighed ancU iand notwithlUixling all the tittle niirunderftandij {between the Englifh and the natives, the latter, \ \ao^ei}kii »i great fund of gopfi nature and much I ^libility, took their leave, weeping in an aAe<:tio^ ,iiiannc<-.: At to i'iji|P4a< i'C'.'^uEl^Kd. ivpifclf thro rcOOKVFIRi liiisfcene with a be I from'*'* ^y"' "'*' Lgncal them did hii lir i/yfcr/Vi*/ and dejn Ihufllmp — Miittter .^ gffvernmeut. P- ORT Royal ba fettled by capiaii Ijjjfidegree of its rea Ijorthcrn extremity of Ijlthcbay, lies in 1. L-tofcoral rock fur iiral excellent bays, I'ntll.ifilicni, is Port lyiivcsM tavii, may I Ijklch.fjliniouiitain in Ijjcl'ourh from f)oint ' Itttpihc wclf point o; Itnus, dofc on ooard liriilc, in order to avo Lhcrcon there is but Yn, The moft proper lafc'niiJi-'of the buy. |fc;i.ii *iiic'i runs a ri luaifora Heet of Ihip |,po.itlie whole illand is lj,j),:ri.hafcd of the nat (irunilly terms with ,ijViry uneven. It jnuJdicof the illand tjich may be feen at th lnRfl thefe ridges and t i(ili,ferc!U breadths m d liny where a mile an jb) a number of ex flil(, and covered witi krh lorm almolf one jMthe ridges arc n( otpifts The only p jtiftl.are the low land tr.Ji,fsand the fia. b;;, but are ranged alor fctiinis diftant from c {groups of the plants r'jdmh. According tu uliirnidv above fix th la!. en bread-fruit, Co .latns, jambu, a del J mulberry, feveral fi j and trees, all whicl; [y, or with little cul n fruit, garden-Hurt", ( [line animals arc hoj JilJuiks, pigeons, pariii :wly quadrupeds are 1 liiijonti. In the lla is ag hionllitutes their ch ichicfeniplo}ment. 1 1>< people in general ai |:«jx,ins. The males t i!l)lliaptdj the women iii.e of our Englilh I.1 u; below our Handa I'lVhcre beg leave tii rem; lAipiibiivatmnof ihckini klfM Ctmflrle, written in T^ty.ih Malltr m hs'i been till an umuc,nh>y tenj^ih, pjfU^. Li-sf antl.rtlicr / 1 ruLIK EniTlllN (if ^ iclme,iJ'yR,itn»H\\<:\\i yi'Kx all ilie si'i.K.'^utu I litiuiuul) kursKct cK ■** I ''cook's FlkST VOYAGE— for making Dijlnenes id the Soulh Seat fit Round the h'or/d. a 5 with Mr. Baiiion their llioiildci's, SL other times tied 111 a knot on the crown ot thv.- head m which they Ihck the feathers of bird* of \arinus colours A piece of cloth of the manu- facture of the country, i:> trcijuently tied round the he.ad of both fcxcs in the maimer of a turban, and the wo- men plait very curioully human hair into long ftrings, which being foldc-d into branches, are tied on their foreheads by way of ornament. They have a cuftom practifed in many hot countries, of anointing their hair with cocoa nut oil, the fmcll of which is not very agreeable. Having, an[K)ng their various inventioni no forts of combs, they were infefted with vermin, which they quickly got rid of when furnifhed with thole convenient inllrumenis. They llain their boeiies by indenting or pricking the tlefli with a finall inftrument made of bone, cut into lliort teeth, which indentures tiiey fill with a dark blue or blaekiih mi.xture, prepared from the fmoke of ail oily luit (burnt by them intlead of candles) and water. 1 his operation, called by the natives Tattaotving, is ex- ceedingly painful, and leaves an indelible mark on the Ikin. It IS ufually performed when they are about ten or twelve years of age, and on ditlcrent parts of the botly J but thofe which fuffer moll fevcrely are the breech and the loins, which are marked w ith arches, carried one above another a conliderablc way up the back. Mr. Banks was prefcnt at an operation of tat< taowing, performed upon thcpolleriorsof a girl about twelve years oKI. It was executed with an inllrumenc that hail twenty teeth, and at e.ach llrokc, w hich was re- (K-atetl every moment, ferum mixed w ith blood ifliied. She bore the pain with great rcfolution for feveral mi- nutes : but at length it became fo intolerable, that flic murmured and burll into moll violent lamentations 1 but her operator was inexorable, whilll fome females prefeat both chiil and heat her. Mr. Banks was a ipectator for near an hour, during which time one fide only was tattaoucd, the other having undergone the ItllUI UUl) klXPSNCIi C cercmot\y if •» . .!■ I: ! 1^ li !i •■'.■>'■•■ I- M i\ 26 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Hf ceremony fomc time before, and the arches upon the loin», which are the moft painful, but which they moft value, were yet to be made. They cloath themfelvcs in cloth and matting of va- riou» kinds : the firft they wear in fine, the latter in .. et weather. Thefe arc in dirtereiu forms, no ftiape being preferved in the pieces, nor are they fcwed to- gether. The women of a fuperior clafs wear three or four pieces. One, which is of confidcrable length, they wrap feveral times round their waill, and it falU down to the middle of the leg. Two or three other Ihort pieces, with a hole cut in the middle of each, are placed on one another, and their heads coming through the holes, the long ends hang before and be- hind, boih fides being open, by which means they have the free ufe of their arms. The mens drefs is very iimilar, differing only in this inftance, that one part of the garment inlkad of falling below the knees is brought between the legs. This ■ drefs is w orn by all ranks of people, the only dillint^tton being quantity in the fuperior clafs. At noon both fexes appear almoft naked, wearing only a piece of cloth that is tied round the wailh I'heir faces are Ihaded from the fun with fmall bonnets, inadeofcoco.v nut leaves or matting, which are conftructcd in a few- minutes. The men fometimes wear a lort of wig o( human or dog's hair, or of cocoa-nut llrings, woven on a fingle thread, faflened under the hair, and hanging down behind. Both men and women wore ear-rings on one fide, confining of Ihells, ftones, berries, or fmall pearls ; but they ioon gave the prelerente to the beads brought by the Endeavour's company. The boys and girls go quite naked ; the firft till they are fe\ en oi eight years old, the latter till they are about five. The natives of Otaheite feldoin ufe their houfes but to fleep in, or to avoid the rain, as they cat in the open air, under the Ihade of a tree. In thole there are no divifions or apartments. Their cloaths.fervc them for covering in the night. The matter and his wife repoiii in the middle; then the married people; next the un- married females; then the unmarried men, and in fair weather the Icrvants deep in the open air. The houfes of the chiefs, however, differ in fonie particulars. There are thofe that are very fmall, and fo conll rutted nk to be carried in canoes ; all fides of them arc inclofed with the leaves of the cocoa-nut : the air ncverthelefs penetrates. In thefe the chief and his wife only fleep. \\e likewife faw houses that arc general receptacles for the inhai itants of adillrid, many of them being more than 2CX3 feet in length, 40 in breadth, and 70 or 80 feet high. They areconflructed at the common ex- pence, and hav'e an area on one fide, furrounded with low pallifadoes; but like the others, without walls. Their cookery conlills chiefly in baking, the manner of doing w hich has been before noticed. When a chief kills a hog, which is but feldom, he divides it equally among his vafTals. Dogs and fow Is arc more common t()od. When the bread-fruit is not in feafon, cocoa- nuts, bananas, plantains, vice. arc fubi^iiutcd in its ftead. They bake their bread-fruit in a manner whic|y renders it fbmewhat like a mealy potatoe. Of ijws three diflies are made, by beating them up witfr bananas, plantains, or four paflc, which is called by them Mahic. .Sour pal^e is made by taking bread-fruit not thoroughly ripe, and laying it in heaps covered with leaves, by which meant it ferments. The core is then taken out, and the fruit put intoa hole lined withgrafs: It is then again covered with leaves, upon which large fiones arc placed ; this prtxluccs a fcrond fermentation; afar which it grows four, without any other change for a long time. Thef take it from tint hole as they have occafion for it, and make it into ball». It is then rolled up in plantain leaves and baked. As it will keep for fome weeks, they eat it both hot and (fold. Such is the food of this people, their faucc to which is only fait water. As to their drink, it 13 generally cohfintd to water, or the milk of the cocoa-nut, though fome of them would drink fo freely of our Englifli liquors as to become quiie intoxicated, fuch inflanccs, however, were occafloned more by ignoratice than defign, ai they were never know n to praiftice a debauth of th? kind a fctond time. We were told, it is true, that their chiefs fometimes became inebriated bydrinkin the juice of a plant called Ava, but of this wcfiwi not a fingle inlbnce during the time we rcmainril «„ the ifland. " The thiff eats generally alone, unlefs when viliitil by a llranger, wTio is pcrniitied fometimes to be hul mefs-mate. Net having known the ufcofatahlc thcv I fit on the ground, and leaves of trees fprcad before I them fervt-asa tablecloth. Their attendants, whojtd numerous, having placed a balket by the chicis, con I taining their provilions, and cocoa-nut Ihclls offrcM and fait water, fet themfches down around thcni I 1 hey then begin their nicals with the ceremony ufl wafliing their inuuths and hands; after which thcyf eat a handlul of hrtad-fruit and filh, dipt in fait Hatcrl alternately, till the w hole is confunied, taking a fin ^fl fait water betwirn ainiort every morfel. The bnail.l fruit and fifh is fuccccdeil bj' a fecond courfc, conlilU ing of either plantains or apples, which they never utl wi'.liout being pared. During this time a loft fluiill of pafle is prepared frcm the I. read-fruit, viiich thc/l dnnk out of cocoa-nut Ihells: this conclude;, the mcai J and their hands and mouths are again ualheJ asai ihel beginning. Thefe people e.it an allonilliing iiu.intitJ of food nt a meal. Mr. Hanks and others fan oncoti them devour three filh of the fizeof a fmall urpj four bread- fruits as large as a common melon, thirticM or fourteen plantains i'c\cn inches long, and ihovel half as big rounil ; to all which was added a quau oi the palle by way of drink, to digert the whole. The inhabitants of this ifland, though apparentl/ fond of the picafures of fociety, have yet an averlioij to holding any intercourfe w ith cadi otiur at thiii meals; and they arc fo rigid i-- ' Tobfervationot tuid cuflom, that even brothers and fillers have th(irfei>;.rjtd bafkcts of proviiions, and };enerally fit :u the d.ilanca of fome yards w hen they cat, with their hack, to eacB other, and not exchanging a word duri.v; the wholi time of their repaid 1 he middle a^^ed of lupcr ji raak go ufually to fleep after dinner; bur, • ' i,. lumevkhat remarkable, older penpleare ot ('uin;loleiiD Mufic, dancing, wrelllmg and llnxxing ttithtnd bow, oonlhtute the greatelt part ol their elivertio.J Flutes and drums are the only mufical inflrunicnd among them. Their drums are formed of arircuu piece of wood, hollow at one end o ly. Thileart covered with the Ikm of a fliark, and bitten with th hand inflead of a flick. Their fongs .ire extcmixird and frequently in rhime, but they confitt only of t»i lines; thefe couplets arc often fung by way of evenini amufements, between fun-fe: aiul bed-iiiiic; ilurin which interval they burn candles made of an oil) iiu| fixing them one above another upon a fmall Hick t: IS run through the middle: fome of thefe caiulleswil burn a long time, and aflord a pretty <;ix)J \i<^nt Among other amufements, '.hey have a dance awi Timorodec, w hich is generally jx:rfbrmed by ten orl do/en young females, whc put themfelvcs intotlf moft wanton attitudes, kee 'ing time during the | formance with the ^rcate.' nicety and cxactncfl Pregnant women arc excluded from thefe dancci. Oneoftheworll culloinsof the people of OtahciJ is that which feveral of the principal people ot' ifland haveadoptcd of uniting in an alTociation, whei in no woman confines herfclf to any particular mji by which means they obtain a perpetual fociety. Thd focictics arc called Arreoy. The members have ma ings, where the men amufe themfelvcs with wrclUiij and the women dance the Timorodec in fuch a mi ner as is inofl likely to excite the dcfires of theotlj fcx, and which were frequently gratified in thcaire( bly. A much worfc pradice is the confequenccj this. If any of the women prove with child, the 1 fant is dcllroyed, unlefs the mother's natural alfcdlj lliould prevail with her to prcfcrvc its life, whi| however, is forfeited, unlefs (he can procure a to adopt it. And where (he fucceeds in this, I is expelled from the fociety, being called Wh titi COOK'S FIR I jowno*, which fi, 1 of reproach. Perfonal cicanli I Indians. Both fc limes a day, viz. noon, and before th clanly in their clo I via are found to ari Cloth is the chic I this there are three fi bark ofdifferent tree fruit, and a tree whi ^^■(ft.Indian w ild fi I iiie linelt cloth, wh 1 01 the firft rank. Tl ] frjit tree, and the la jfj.trce. But this I Ci'^cr than the oth I only .ii fmall qtiant' Inanufaiffuringall the |,K)n w.ll fulficc for The bark of the t |jn*atcr for two or th Ipjlcparate the inne |hfi^^ra(""B it with a ' Lipla:;tain leaves, pi lox another, care be lii^k.uls in every par l(i>alnioll dry, when IJciakcn from the gro sproccfs, it is laid lii;h an iiiltrument ma Ib;i heavy wood calk Icout fourteen inches |(imlerencc ; is of aqu t^ioar fides is mart filtcd of twenty-nine days, one day in which the moon was invifible being included. They, however, knew the prevailing weather that was to be expcdted, as well as the fruits which would be in fcafon. As to the day, they divide it into twelve equal parts, fix of which be- long or ■ '■'v\ lliv il t,- (• . ■■ • ni -.ill u^i. 28 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. » 'M long to the day, and the other lix to the night. Wlien they numerate, tiny reckon from one to ten, making ufe of their fingers, and chanjring hands, till they come to the niimhir which they intended tocxprefs; and joining exprcllive ligns to their words, in the courfe of their convcrfation. But they arc not fo expert in nicafuring diftances, for w hen they attempt difcribing the lp.ice between one place and another, they are obliged to exprcfs it by the time that would be taken in pafTing ii. NS ith regard to their language, it is foft, as it a- bounds with vowels, and ealy to be pronounced ; but very few of their nouns or verbs being declinable, it iiuirt confeqiiently be rather impcrlcLl. However, v\e found means to be mutually undertlood without much difficulty. The following fpecimen will polfibly enable the reader to form fomc notion of the language of thofc iflandei's. Aheine, a Zicmaii Aihoo, a ^arivenl Ainao, take care Arec, a cbirf Aouna, ir,.iiay Aoy, uiiler tahoo, ibe nofe Eawo« , 10 fcoid Eei, to cat Kcyo toik you Kmoto, 10 bix i'ipanoo, a drum I'.pcniei, un echo Fpehe, a fong I.rowroo, the head Huaheine, a viife Ito(/a, to tiill Kipoo a meemhee, a chan he r- pet Mahana, a •/<;» Marroowhai . ry Matau, ihe eyet Matte roah, 10 die Maynecnee, to tickle Midcc, a child Mutce, a kifi Myty, ^ood Ncehcco, good rtigbt Oboboa, to-montnv Oowhau, ibe thighs Ore' dthaiya, a large nail Ore' eeteea, a fuaU ii.iil Otaowa, \rjtcrJay I'ahie, a /lip I'arawei, ■: Jhiti I'oa, a iii;;bt I'oc, ear-rings Tanc, a bujfjnd Tatta te hommannc maitai, a gooj-t:.itured per/on Tea, ivbiie^ Teine, .: Irotber looaheinc, ajijler To.' \ 1 1 1 ^\\w^ 1 \ ijifli- hMil i m 40 Capt. C O O K'3 VOYAGES COMPLETE. Capt. Cook picfpnted to Orce a I'mall pewtd plate, ftaraped with tliis inlciiption, " His Britannic Ma- jefty's ihip Endeavour, Captain Cook coir.niandcr, 1 6 J"lv, I 769." Wc give liini alfo fome mtJals, or counters, rettniblinp; our Engiidi coin, and other trifles, which he promiled to keep in order to re- member us. We now made fail for the iQind of Ulietea, diftant fevcn or eight leagues from Hua- heine. On the Joth, by the dircd^ion of Tupia, we an- chored in a bay, fi)rmcd by i reef, on the N. fide of the ifland. Two c inocs fooa came ufl" from the Ihore, aid the natives brought wilh them two Ihiall hoj^s, which they cxclian^td for fome nails and beads. The csptain, Mr. Bank'^j and other gentlemen, now went on flioir, accompanied by Tupia, who introduced them with the iz:„c kind of ceremonies that had taken place on their landing at Huaheinc; atter which Capt. Cook fook pofliiTion of this and the three i-.ighbounng iflands, Huaheinc, Ot.iha, and Bolabola. in the name of his Britannic MajcUy. Theifiaiidof Ulieiea abounds with hogs and green plantains, which latter is an excellent fubllitiite for bread, as it will keep good for a fortnight, and very often three weeks, (jootl water may alfo be had here, and h fupply of other provifions. The inha- bitants feem in general hnaller and blacker than thofc of the other iflands: they alio appear Icfsordcily, which pvi haps may be confidered as the confequencc of their hivini; brcome lubjcct to the natives of Bo- labola. Ulietea, thoiigii now reduced to a (Ute of depcndtncf, was once the moi) eminent of this clufttr of illands, and no doubt the tirll (cat of go- vernment, feeing th .c the royal family of Otahcite is dclcei'dcil Irom i.iat which reigned htre before the lite levohition. The illand o» ( lu->heinc lies in 16 dig. 43 min. S. latitude, and 150 deg. 52 min. \V. longitude, about ;o leagues dillant from Oiaheite, and is 20 miles in circumf'-rcncc. Its producUons are a month for- warder than thofc of Otahcitc, as wc found by fcveral o the fiuits, &;c. ^lr. Banks colltcV j only a f.w new plants, but. found a (pccics of uic fcorpion which he had not before iecu. '1 he in- habitants -"^c very lazy, but are lloutcr and larger rasJe than th.ile of Otahcitc; the women very faii, and we thought them very hanJfome. Both icxts liiemcd to be lels timid, and lels curiouj. 'I hey made no enijuirics vihen on board the Ihip ; ami, when wo filed a gun, though apparently fii,.;lueiied, yet they did not fall dt)wn, as our fiicnds at Otahette con- ftjntly did w hen we came among them ; but it is to beconfidercd, that the former had never cxpeiicnced its power nt difpen.ing death. Tlie ifland of Otaha is adjoining Ulietea: the na- tives of both tliefe placzs had lung lived in Iricnd- .'.lip, and weie likcwile in good terms with ihoic of the iflaud oi Hi—licine. Howevei, the people of Otaha foui joined thofeuf Bolabola, which of courle occasioned an altercation, while the Uiietcan'i made application to their friends of Huahcine for nfliliance to opoofc tiicfe two powers. I'or fume time the con- tcR was doubtful ; but at hll Huaheinc was invaded by the men of Bolabola, who cunfcquently took pof- feftion of the illand. The Ulietcans were very much hurt at this, and renewing the attack, though very inferior in lorcc, yet being fupcrior in (kill, they furprilieil the people of B.ilabola, killing feveral and obliging others to fly. By this means the iiland of f huahcine was recovcicd. Previous to t!.is, the tSo- labolans having refulcd to admit the alliei of Otaha to an equal (hare of the conquefts, the alliance was broke, aial .ill the iflands being now io oppoGtinn, a tediuus war enlued, the rcfult of which was that Ota- ha as well a walii, cm Til 1 111 ire. iutti, I r li»o I I or- ceded I «'£ fiw I »Mch| icUid(d| (I thcyl iiUrd.r Binkil c IhoreJ c of thef .ir.cs i alrcidjrl 1; % ■K ^. ^ I '5'. T! N Hl'^*' i iVtll •''i lip! *K '* i )K^'. 1 WUdi tl! ;. • !f tf >; IkA lit ■^ ^M ^ i K ^ %-- .:>^%^ ■ ■'■■'00^^ , ;/^l^ -■' -; 5i> - - ■■ %v<^ r •;■■.. Vfd COOK's FIRST VOYAGE— for making DiJ'covcrics in the Sioutb Seas & Round the World. 41 the eafternmr.ft point of the jd^d, and may be found by a fmall woody ifland, ihich lies to the S. li. of it, called Oaiara j N. W. km which are tv\o other iflem, called 0})uniru and T;n'.ou. Between thcfc is thcchannel through whii,h KMint out of the harbour, upwards of aqu.irter of iiiiilc wide. \Vc vcre within .-. league or two of the ifland of Otaha the next day , but could not get near enough H)l»r.ii, the wind hdving proved contrary. In the nwniii'g, Mr. banks and Dr. Solandcr went in the |oni;lx)at w ith tlic mafter, in order to found a harbour cnihccall fide of the ifland, which they found fafe uidconveniint. Wctlxn went on flioreand purchafed ihfgdjiiantity of plantains, fome hogs, fowls, &:c. The I rod III c of ihis ifland was much the fame with ihi of tlittcM, but it feemed to be more barren. Wc iMiMil tilt f.iuic compliment from the Indians here liiusulual for them to p>y their own kings, which «isb) uncovering ilieir (boulders, and wrapping their tbil." round ilieir boilics. We made fail to the nortli- iiidi'^ndat eight o'clock on the 29ih wc were under ikhigh peaks of Bolabola. We found the ifland iiui - oliit'viiuhis part, and likcwifirthat it wasimpofliblc ii It iIht the S. end of it till late at night. On the joth we difcovcrcd an ifland which Tupia oliftl MaiJrua, but laid it was fmall, furrounded by ir((l,jnd without any commodious harbour, but in- bbmd, and yielded nearly the fame produce as the ijiaccni itiandii. . In the middle is a high round hill, tiiich may be fcen ut eleven or twelve leagues diftance. h the iftcrnoon, finding ourfelves to windward of (mik haibour that lay on the W. fide of Ulietca, we atcndai !o put into one of them, in order to ftop a »hich had fprung in the powder-room, and 10 kktin fome additional ballafl. The w ind being right inO us, we plied on and off till the afternoon ot the of Aut^ul), and having made the entrance of the [ilinncl, which led into one oi the harbottrs, came to Qithc id, in the morning, when the tide turned, RunK into a proper place for mooring in 18 tii- liwi. Many of the natives came oflP, and brought ins, liogs, fowls, &c. which were purchafcd very eaf) terms. Mr. Banks and Dr. Soiander on ilmre, and fpcnt (he day very agreeably 1 the iin flicwed them great refoed, and conduded ta the houfes of the chief |Koplc : they found whdhad ranhallily before them flandingoncuch 0(1 long mat fpread upon the ground, and the liylittitiKitt the farther end ofit. inpnehouliethey Tvrd funic very young girli dreflcd in the neatcfl incr,\vhukcptthetrplaccawaiting for thcflrangers toaccoftthem; thefegirls were the moft beautiful the gentlemen had ever fcen. One of themi about fevcn or eight years old, was drellcd in a red goVvn, and her head was decorated with a great quantity of plaited hair ; this ornament is called 1 amou, and is held in great ciiimation among them. She was fitting at the upper end ofone of their long mats, on which none of the people prefent prcfumed to fct a foot ; and her head was reclined on the arm of a decent-looking woman, who appeared to be hcrnurfe: Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, upon their a])proach, prefented her with fome beads, which flic Itretchcd her hand out and accepted w ith as much dij^nity and eafc as if flic had been accuftomed all her life to European pplitcnefs. Wc were tnterraincd with a dance in one of the houfes different from any we had feen before. The performer put upon-his.head a large piece ol wicker- work, about four feet long, of a cylindrical form, covered with feathers, and edged round with fliark's teeth. With this head-ditfs, which is called a Whou, he began to dance with a flow motion, frequently moving his head fo as to defcribc a circle with the top of his wicker cap, and lomctimcs throwing it (b near the faces of the by-flanders a« to make them jump back : this they conlidered as an excellent piece of humour, and when practifcd upon any of the Eng- lirti gentlemen was producUxeof the gre;acH mirth. On the 3d, while Mr. Banks and the doiitor were going nlon<; thcflioie to the northwaid, withadc- lign 10 putchafe flock, they met with a company ot cianiets, who letardcd the (-.rogrefs of their cxLiirlion. 1 liccomj any was eompofed of fix men and two wo- trien daiiceis, w ith thiee drums. 'I'hey were informed that ihife dancers were fome of the principal people ol tie illand, and ihougli they were an itinerant troop, the) did not, like the iTrolling parties of Otahcitc, re- icive any gratuity from the hy-ftanders. The women woteaconliiieiablequantity of tamou, or plaited hair, ornamented w ith flowers of the caj e jeflaminc, w hich Mere lluck in with great talle, and made an elegant hcaddrels. The women's neeks, lircalts, and arms, were naked ; the other parts of their bodies were co- vered with black cloth, w hich was fallened clofc round them, and by the iideof each breafl, next the arm», was a fmall plume of black feathers, worn like a nofc- gay. 1 bus apparelled, tKcv advanced ful< ways, k;:ep- iiig time with vr.-xx ix.uinefs lothetliums, which bear quick and I. m alter they began to fliake . themielves in .1 'unifual manner, and put their bodies into a vaiK 1 ili.mjjc imilu'res, fuinctimc* fitting down, and at others t.ilTi ;;; with their faces tu the ground, and rcfling on u knees and elbow 1, . moving their fingers at the lame ii'ne with a qui k- ncfs Icarcely to be credited. Iht ehicf dexterity, however, of the dancers, as well as the amufcmcnt of the fpectators, conllflcd in tne lafcivioufnefs of their attitudes and gcrtures. Between the danrt of the women a kind of dramatic interlude was p' 1 formed by the men, conlilling lX dialiTgue as well as uancing; but the fubjcd of this interliidc was entirely unknow.i for want ol a fullicienr knowledge of their language. The next day Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and fonv other gentlemen, were prefent at a more rcj.uUi' .' i. matic entertainment. The performers, whi) w all men, were divided into two parties, one drelied in hrowii, and the other in white, by way of diflindtion. i upia being prefent, intbimed them that the part/ in brown acted the parts of a mafleraiid his fervants, and the paity in white a gang of thieves 1 the matter having produced abiilket of meat, which he gave in charge to his fervants : which party exhibited 1 va- riety of expedients in endeavouring to fteal this bafltet, and the brown as many in preventing the accomplifli* ment of their dcfign. After fome time had been fpent m this manner, ihofe tu whom the bafket was en- irtifled, laying thcmfclvei down on the ground round it, pretrnaed to fall afleepi the other party, availing ^ thcmfclvei of thii opportunity, flole gently upott them, and Carried oif their booty : the fervants awak« ing foon after, difcovcrcd their lofs. but thci'r concern ■.*.:!}' »; u '-■': '•■'* 'I, • Ik'' Jin ■ ' . 1* 'w Bi: w'i„ 4?. Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. COOK'S FIRST It '\ ii J was only temporary, as they began to dance with as imich alacrity as bct'ore, having entirely lorgot the bailcet. On the 5th fomc hogs, fowls, and fcvcral large pieces of cloth, many ol thcin being 50 or 60 )ards in length, together with a quantity of plantains, cocoa- nuts, 6:c. were fcnt to Capt. Cook, as a prefent from the Eaicc Kahie of the ifland of Uolabola, accompa- nied with a nieflagc, which fignificd that he intended Malting on the ca()tain, as he was then in the illanil. The king of Bolabola did not viiit us on Sunday the 6th agncablc to promife ; his abfcncc, however, was not in the Icalt regretted, as he fent ihree young women todcmand loniething in return for his prefent. After dinner, we fet out to pay the king a vilit on fliore, fincc he did not think proper to come on board. As this mail was the liarec Rahie of the Bolabola man, who had conquered this, and was the dread of all the neighbouring- iflandi^ we were greatly difappointc^, iiifteadof findinga vigorouscnteipriling )oungch , to lee a poor fteble old dotard, h.ilf blind, and (ink- ing under the wiight of age and infirmities. Our reception here was not attciuled with that llatc and ceremony wliich the other chiefs had paid us. Having flopped a leak, and t.ikcn on boanl a frefli ftorJc of provilions, on the 9th we lailcd out ol the hail our. Though we were levcral leagues diliant from the iflaiulot Bol.ibola, Tupia tarneltly requellcd that a Ihot might be lived towards it ; which, to gra- tify hini, the captain complied with. This was lup- pofcd to have been intended by Tupia as a mark of hii refeninient againd (he inhabitants of -.hat place, as they had formerly t.iken from him large polleliions \* hich he held in the illand of Ulietea, ol which illand Tupia \tas a native, and a fubordinaie chief, but uas driven out by thefc warriors. Wc haj great [ilcnty of provilions, both of hogs and vegetaWes, during the time we continued in the neighbourhood of ihefe ■Hands, i\. that wewerc not obliged to uli: aiiy conli- derablr quantity of the Ihip's pruvifions, and we had flattered ourfelvcs that thctowlsand hogs would have fupplicd lis « ith ficlh provilions during the coiirfc of our voy.igc to the fouthuard ; but in this wc wei-, unhappily difappointed, lor as (he hogs could not Iw brought to cat any European grain, or any provendi r vhaiever that the lliip afforded, we «cre reduced (o thedifagrecabic ncceflity of killing them immediately on leaving thole iflands ; and the fowls all died of a difeafe in their heads, with which they were ler/.cd loon after they hail been carried on board. Heing detained longirat Ulietea in repairing the (hip than Wc expected, we did not go on (bore at Bol.ibola ; but after giving the general name of the. Society lllands to the iflands of Huaheine, Ulietea, Bolabola, Otaha, and Maurua, « hich lie between the latitude of 16 deg. 10 min. and 1 8 deg. 55 nun. S. wcpurfucdourcourle, (landing (buiherly lor an ifland, to which wc were directfed by 'rupia,at aliovc 100 leagues diflant. This wc difcovered on Sunday the 13th j it was called Obiterca, according to T upia's information. We flood in for land on the 1 4th, and (aw fcvei \1 of the inhabitants coming along the (horc. One ot the lieutenants was difpatchcd in the pinnace to found for anchorage, and to obtain what intelligence could be got from the natives concerning any land that might be farther to the S, Mr. Bankn, Dr. Solsnder, and 1 upia, went with the lieutenant in the boat. When they approached the lliore, they obferved that the Int* uns were armed with long lances. A numb- . •f them were foon draw n together on the beach, snd two jumped into the water, endeavouring to gam the boat i but (lie foon left them, and fome others that had made the fame attempt, far enough behind her. Having doubled the |)oint where ihcy intended to hind, thry opened a large bay, and faw another party of the natives flanding at the end of it, armed like thofe whom they had feen before. Preparations were then made lor landing; on which a canoe full of In- dians came off towards them. Obferving thii, Tupia received ordcri to acquaint them that the Englifh did not intend tooffer them violence, but meanttutru^ with them for nails, which were produced. Thus "" formed, they came along-tidc the boat, and took fo^" nails that «ere given them, being fceming|y^J pleafed with the prefent. Yet, a lew minutes aft feveral of theli;, people boarded the boat, deligninir?' drag her on lliOie; but fomc mufqucts being d" charged over their heads, they leaped into the fu JZ having reached the canoe, put back with ail poliihi cxprilition.joinin}; their countrymen, who Hood read' to receive them. The boat immediately purfucd iji'l fugitives-, but the crew, finding the furf extrcmcl!! violent, did not venture to land there, butcoanil along lliore, to try if they could find a morcconvt nient place. Soon after the canoe got on (hore,aminl oppofitc the boat flourifticd his weapon, calling ouJ at the fame time withalhrill voice, which hu I mark of defiance, as T upia explained it to the EngJiJi J Not being able 10 find a proper landing place, ihnl returned, with an intention to attempt it where tul canoe went on lliore; w hereupon another warrior r^| peaied the defiance: his appearance was more formi.f dable than that of the other; he had i highcapon| made of thotail feathers of a bird, ana his body »y| painted with various colours. When he thought fid to retire, a grave man came forward, whoalkcd TupJ feveral queftions, relating to the place from whence the velfel came, as, Who were the perfons on bonif whither they are bound ? &c. After this it wai pfj poled that the people in the boat fliould go on Ihoi and trade with them, if they would l.iy alide tlici weaj ons ; but the latter would not agree to this ui, kl. the Lnglilh would do the like. As this propofj w as by no means an equal one, when it was conliJcn that (he hazard mull for many reafons be grcatrr ti the Ixiat's crew than the Indians, and as pcrtidvw dreaded, it was not comj lied with. According!) the det lint d landing, and failed from hence to the fouth! ward, fince neither the bay which the Kndcivourcn. tered nor any other part of the ifland furnilhtdg. haibour or anchorage. T he nat.vcs here arc very tall, well made, and havJ long hair, which, like the inhabitants of ihcothci itUiids, ihey tie in a hunch on the top of their heads] they are likcwife laiaowel in ditterent parts of thtj bodies, but not on their jwlleriors. The illand dort not Ihoot up into high peaks like the others that thcj vilited, but is more level and uniform, ami dividcl into finall hillocks, fome of which are covered «it] gioves of trees : however, none of thofe bcarin" thi bread-fruit were feen, and not many cocoa-tras° bu| a great 1 umber of thofe called Ettw, v. ere feen on ihL f.a co.irt of this ifland. Both the nature of their cloil and the manner of wearing it differed in many refpcin from what had been obferved in the progrcfi of (jJ voyage. All the garments that thefc people wort wefl dyed sellow, and painted with a variety of colouri ( the tpiiii(; them with our boats. One of thciii gol clear off, but the Indians in the other, finding it im- pcilliblc to efcape, began to attack our people in the" boats with their paddles. This compelled the Endea- vour's people to (ire upon them, when tour of the Indians were killed, and the other three, who were young men, jumped into the water, and endeavoured to fwim to lliorc; they were, however, taken up, and convc)ed on board. At firtt they difcovercd all the (ignsof fear and terror, thinking they Ihould be killed; but Tupia, by repeated afTurances of friendlhip, re- moved their apprehenfions, and they afterwards eat be.irtily of the lliip's provifions. Having retired to rc(t in the evening, they (Icpt very quietly for fome hours, but about midnight, their fears returning, they appeared in great agitation, frequently making loud and difmal groans. Again the kind carellis and friendly promifcs of I'upia operated fo ctfedually, that they became calm, and fung a fong, which at the dead of night had a plAfhag eftcd. The next morning, after they were drelltd according to the mode of their own country, and were ornamented with neckl.iccsand bracelets, preparations were made for fending them to their countrymen, at \. hicli the/ cxpreU'ed great farislatftion ; but finding the boat ap« proaching i^ajr. Cook's firlt ianding-piate, they in- timated that the inhabitants were Iocs, and that after killinu; their ener.'.ies tlicyalwajs eat them. The capiair., nevcrtheki's, JMd^;ed it expedient to land near the fime fpot, which he accordingly did, with Mr. Banks, Dr. Sounder, and 1 upia, rcfohing at the r.ime time to protect the youths fiom any injury that might be ofl'eud to them. 1 hcfc had fcarccly dcp.iMeii on their return to their friends, when two l.iige p.irtiesof Indians advanced haft'lytowards them, upon wlu'h they again Hew to us for protection. \V hen ttie Indians drew near, one ot the boys difco- \cred his uncle among them, and a converfation en- futel acrofs the river, in which the boy gave a jult account of our hol'pitality, and took great pains to difjlay his finery. A lliort time alter this converfa- tion, the uncle (warn acrofs the riwr, bringing w iih him a green bough, a token of friend(hi[), which we received as fuch, and feveral prefents were made him. Notwithftanding the pretence of this relation, all three of the bo)s, by their own dclire, returned to the (hip ! but as the captain intended to (ail next morning, he lent tlicin alhore in the evening. At fix o'clock in the morning of the nth we weighed and fct fail, in hopes of finding a better an- choring place, Capt* Cook h.iving given the bay (called by the natives loaneor.i) the name of I'ovcrty Hay ; and the S. W. point he called Young Nick's Head, on account of its liift having been perceived by a lad named Nicholas Young. In the alternoon we were becalmed ; and feveral c.inoes lull of Indians c.ime oil from the (hore, who received many prefents, and aficrwaids barteied even their cloihes, and fomc of their paddies, lb eager were they to be poirefled of European commodities. The Indians were armed with bludgeons, luadc of wood, and of the bone of a large animal : they \ecre well contrived fqrclofe fight- ing, and bore the name of Fatou-Patoo. Having finilh- ed their trafhc, they let off in fuch a hurry that they forgot three of thvit companions, who remained on board all night. ThiTe lellificd great fears and ap- prehenfions, notwithlbnding Tupia took much pains to convince them they were in no danger; and about (even o'clock the next morning a canoe came off, with four Indians on board. It was at fir(t with difhculty the Indians in the (hip could prevail on thofe in the canoe to come near them, and not till after the former had a(rured them that the Englifli did not eat men. The chief came on board, whofc face was tattaowed, with a remarkable patoo in his hand: and with this canoe the thiec Indians left the Ibip. Caut. Cook gave the name of Cape Table to a p jint of land about fcven leagues to the S. of Poverty Bay ; its liKUrc greatly rcfembling a table s and the ifland, callea by rhc natives Teahowry, he named Portland Ifland, It being very iimilar tothat of the fame name in 1 1 UIt£* *h I lU mr , I ' I . mm 44 Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES COMPLETE. i t in the Bntifli Channel. It is joined to the m*iii by a chain of rocks, nearly a mile in length, partly above water. There are iVfcral Ihoals, called iliamblcs, about three miles to the N. E. of Portland, one of which the Endeavour narro« ly eftaptd ; there is, hov^ - ever, a paflTage between them with lo tathom water. Some parts of Portland Ifland, as well as the main, were cultivated ; and pumice (lone, in j^rtat ijuan- tities, lyinjn along the lliore, within the bay, indiciitcd that there was a volcano in the ifland. High palings upon the ridges of hills werealfo vifible in two places, the purpoRs of which feenied to be for religion. On the 1 2th a number of Indians came oft" in a canoe, who were disfigured ma ilrange manner; thclc danced and fung, and at times appeared to be peace- ably inclmed, hut at others to menace hoftilitus. Notwithftaiiding Tupia ft rongiy invited than to come on board, noncofilicm would quit thciaiiof. Whilii the Endeavour was getting cle.ir ot the lliamblt.s, five canoes full of Indians came off, and fecund to thie.itcn the people on board, by brandiftiing tlieir lances, and other hoftile gefturcs. A lour-poundcr, loaded with grape-ftiot, was thereiort ordend to he Hred, but not pointed at them. Thii had the dclireJ cUect, and made them drop aftern. 7 «o more canoes came olf whilft the Endeavour lay at aiv Imr ; the Indians in thcfc behaved very peaciably and quiet ; thty received ^.-vtral 'vrefents, hut woulu not come on bi ard. In the morning ot tr.e ijth we m.ule for an inlet, but finding it not (In lured itood out again, and «cic chaccd by a ranoe tilled with Indians, but the Kn- dcavour out-failed ilitm. She purliu-d her cou'lc round the bay, but did nor (ind an opening. 1 he next morning we had a view ot ihc inland touniry It was moudtainuus, and covered wiih fnow m the interior parts, bi.t the land lowanis the fta was Hat and uncultnattd, and in many places there were groves of high trcs. Nine canoes lull ot Indians came trom the ft-oie, and five ot them, alter haMtig confulted togeil.er, \ urfued the Ln^lcavour, apparent- ly with a hoftile dclign. Tupia was delired to accpjaint thim, that inm.rdiaie dell ruction would mluc, if they pcrfevered in their attempts ; but words had no in. Hucncc.anda lour-poundcr, with grape tl.ot. was fired, to give them fomc notion ol the aims ol their oppo- nents. '1 hey weie tcrrilied at ilii'. kind of riafi.ning, and p.iddlcd away (after than ihiy came. Tu,.ia then hailed the fi!giti\c>, and aciiuainied them that if they came in a peaceable manner, and Icit their arms be- hind, no annoyaiKc would be ollcrcd tlicm: one of the I iiiocs lubiKittihg to the terms, came along liJe the llip,i'nJ receiscd many prefcnts ; but this friend- ly iiuercourfe was foon interrupted by the return of the other canoes, who pcrlifted in their mcnaci'iig behaviour. <.)i\ the 15th fome fifliing-boais paid us a vilit ; thefe people conduced themfelves in an amicable manner. 1 hoiigli the fifti which they had on board had fccn caught to long that they were not eatable, Capt. Cook piirchafed them, merely for the fake of promoting a traftic w ith tl.c natives. In the afternoon a canoe with a nupiber ot armed Indians caMe up, and one of them, who was remarkably cloathcd with a black Hcin, found means to defraud the captain of a piece of red baize, under pretence of bartering the (kin he had on for it. A» foon as he got the bai/.c in to his poflcftion, infteid of giving thclkin in return, agreeable to his bargain, he rolled them up together, and ordered the canoe to put otl' from the Ihip, turn- ing a deaf ear to the rciJcated remonftrances of the captain againl) his unjuil l'«ehaviour. After a Hicrt time this canoe, together with the fifhing-boats which had put oft' at the fame time, tame back to the Ihip, and trade was again renewed. During thii fecond traffic with tl>e Indians, one of them unexpededly feizrd Tupia's little boy, Taiyota, and pulling him into his canoe, inflaiuly put off, and paddled away with the utmoft fpccd t fcvcral mufkets were imme- diately difcfar}.cd ^t the people in the canoe, and one of ihcm riccivinj; a woynd, ihcjr ail Id go the 3 boy, w ho before was held down in the botioiD of t anoc. Tai)ota, taking advantage of their confi nation, immediately jumped into the fca, and T ' back towards the Undeavour: he was taken onb*'" without receiving any harm ; but his ftrength vT'i much cxhauftcd « ith the weight of his cloaths h it was with gseat difficulty he reached the flijn 1 confequence of this attempt to carry off Tai' Capt Cook called the cape oft" which it hapri'"' C.tpe Kidnappers, lying in latitude 39 deg. ai mj!"!! and longitude 182 deg. 24 min. W. and it v dillingujlhable by the high cliffsand white rocks th2 furround it. It totms the S. point of a bay vvh^ was denominated 1 Jaw kc's Bay, in honour oi Adn Hawke, and is diftant from Portland llUnj ah"* 1 3 leagues. *"" As foon as Taiyota had recovered from his fric-h he produceti a fifti, and inlormed Tupia that ht unded to oiler it to his Eatua, or God, in mm ^ tor his hnpjiy cfcapc; this being approved of bvts other Indian, the lifti was call into the fea. (^L, Cook now palled by a linall ifland, which wasfupi,?' to be inhabited only by filhermcn, as it fectrjcd toE bairen, and Hare Ifland was the name given to • and to a head-laiKl in latitude 40 deg. 34 min S '' longitude 182 dig. 55 min. \V. Ixicaufc thc'l-L^jj" vour turned, lie gave the name of Cape Tunupa' It was never ceriamly known whether New zdi " was an illand bclbrc ihisveftll touched there- on I'l! account the Lords of the Admiralty had inlb ,ct Capt. Cook to lail alon^: the coaft.i as tar as 40 ,j S. and il ti.e l.iiid e/tcndod f.iriher to return toa noithwaid again.lt «as for this rcafon that ih lain aireied Ins courfc, when he arrived at thecal above mentioned : the wind having likewiicvctt ibout to ihe S. he returned, fading alonu ihc coj nearly in his former track. Between this and G Kidnappers Bay the laiwl is unequal, and fonit»i ri fembles our do« nj and fmall villages, and mii inliabitanis were obfervcd. The ftiip came abrn of a ocninlula, 111 Portland Ifland, named Tcrakik on Wcdnefday the 19th. At ihii time a canoe wi five Indians came up to the vcflel : there were ti t hieis among them, who came on board, and (ludi night. One of idiefc was a very comely perlon, ai had an open and agreeable countenance. Thty w« extremely gratclut for the prelentJ which thq i ccivcd, and difpla)ed no fmall degree of tutiuiii They would not tat nor drink, but their attcndii devoured the viotuala fct before them m a nw\\ raciuus manner. On the ivth we paflld a remarkable hcad-lia which we calkd Gable End Foreland. Throe aiw appeared here, an I one Indian came on board : duiii hi.s llay we g..niackarel, larger than tofcup'on the Englifti coafts. The low lands were llnicd with cocoas, the hollows with gourds ; but I 10 the woods, they were almoft impauable, on ac- j" ntolthe number of fupple-jacks which grew there. ucMcnt into ftvcral of the houfes belongmg to the mcs.who received us in a very polite manner, and "iilwju't the lead redrvc fhcwed us whatever wc de- ItitJ to '^''* ^' other times we found them at their liKiis which our prefcncc never interrupted. At this ■y^' filh conllitiited their ch ;f food ; with which ificir, inftoad rf bread, roocs of a kind of fern ; xif when roalted u(ion a fire, are fweet and clammy; ' yjltnot diliigreeable, though rather unpkafant Ljiihc number of then libres. They have doubt- \j, ,n jbundai'ce of excellent vegetables in other Ifafonsoftheyear. ... Tlitficcsof the men were not in general painted; i^[r,(\ were daubed w ith dry red ochre from head to L their apparel not excepted. Though in perfonal (ioslmifs ihey were not equal to our friends at Ota- kiit, *ct '" """* particulars they furpaifed them ; faiiicir dwellings were furniUied with privies, and lltr had dunghills, upon which their nt}als and iilth jjj(ij(iK)litcd. The women of this place paint their ^^J»llh a mixture of red ochre and oil, which, as Uoircvtrv plain, renders them in appearance more V, This kind of daubing being generally wet ^ihiir cheeks and foreheads, was eafijy transfer- [kJio thole who faluted them, as was frequently vi- m^^n the nofes of our people. The young ones, iilicv»trf complete c(Hiuets, wore a petticoat, under iliih »a« a girdle, made of the blades of grals, Imfrf;!; ptrliinied, n» w hich was |H.ndant a fniall bunch ihciraviuif Ionic fragrant plant. ChaUity is held jiiq liitic cllimation. '1 hey retorted frequently to wttring-placc, where they freely bellowed every |iioi,rihjt was reiiueUed. An officer meeting with (iderly woman, he accompanied her to her houfe, lijvin;! prelented her with lome cloth and beads, louni'girl was tingled nut, with whom he wasgiven nioctltand he might retire. Soon after an elderly i,»i[h two women, came in as vilitcrs, who with hioniiality faluted the whole company, after the iCom of the plate, which is by gently joining the i|iiol their miles together. On his return, which 111 on Saturday the ailt, he was furniihcd with a A, »ho, whenever they came to a brouk or rivu- tick him in his k>ack, to prevent hia being wet. i»ul the natives were curioufly tattaowed 1 an old in particular, was marked on the breaft with 11 tigurcs. One of them had an axe made of |rctn Itonr, whic): wc could not purchalir, though things were offered in exchange. Theft In- it night di.ncc in a very uncoutn nunner, with gcdurci, blling out their tongues, and making ^riTTives. In their dances, old men arc as pcrtbrmcrs a> t'.ie young. AiMr. banks v/as rather apprehenfive that wc jtbclctit on fliorc after it was dark, he applied dKc\cniiig to the liuJuni tor one of their canon to convey us ou board the fliip. This they granted with an obliging manner. Wc were eight in nuinber, and not being ufed to a vvlTel that required a nice balance, we overfct her in the furf: no one, however, was drowned ; but it was concluded, to prevent a fimilar accident, that half our number fhould go ac one time. Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, Tupia, and Tai> yota, were the firl\ party who embarked again, and arrived fafe at the fhip, as did the remainder of our company, all not a little pleafed w ith the good- nature ofourlndian friends, who chearfully contributed their afliliancc upon our fecond trip. During our (lay on fliore, feveral of them went out in their canoes, and trafKcked with the fhip's corn^any. At firfl they pre* ferred the cloth of Otaheite to that of Europe, but in the courfe of a day it decreal'ed in its value 500 per cent. Thefe people exprefTed ftrong marks of auo- nifhment, when fliewn the bark and her apparatus. This bay is called by the natives Tegadoo, and is iitu- ated in 38 deg. 10 min. b. latitude. Wc were now determined to quit it. On Sunday the aad, in the evening, wc weighed anchor and put to fea, but the wind being contrary wc flood for another bay a little to the S. called by the natives Tolaga, in order to complete our wood and water, and to extend our correfpondence with the natives. We found a water! nj;-place in a fmall cove a little within the S. point of the bay, which bore S. by E. diftant about a mile. .Several canoes with Indians trafhcked with us for glafs bottles in a very fair, honcft manner. On Monday the 2 2d, in the afternoon, we went on lliorc, accompanied by the captain, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander. We examined and found the water ex- tremely good ; alio plenty of wood, and the natives (ficwed us as much civility a» thole from whom wc had lately departed. At this watering-place we fet up an aOronomical quadrant, and took feveral folar and lunary obfervations. In the morning of the 24th, Mr. Gore, and the marines, were fent on fliore to guard the people em- ployed in cutting wocd and tilling the caiks with water. Capt. Cook, Mr. Banks, and the doctor, alfo went on ftiore : the latter were employed in colletff- ing plants. In our walks through the vales, we faw many houfes uninhabited, the natives refiding chiefly in flieds, on the rit^ges of the hills, which are very lUep. In a valley between two very high hills, wc faw a curious rock that formed a large archoppofite the fea. This cavern was in length about 70 feet, in breadth 30, and neor 50 in hc:f-ht, commandini a view of the bay, and hills on tl.e otlui tiuc, wlucb had a very pleating cHcd. Indved, the whole country about the bay is agiceable t)cyond dcfcription, and, if properly cultivated, would be a moft fertile fpot. The hills are cloathed with beautiful flowering f1i rubs, intermixed with a number of tall, (lately palms, which perfume the air, making it perfedly odorife- rous, Mr. Banks and the doctor, among other trees that yielded a tine tranfparent gum, dilcovcr(d the cabbage-tree, the produce whereof, when boiled, was very good. We met with various kinds of edible herbage in great abundance, and many trees that pro- duced fruit fit to eat. The plant from which the cloth is made is a kind of Hemerocallis ; its leaves afford a (Irong glofl'y tiax, equally adapted to cluath- ing and making of ropes. Near their houfes fweet potatoes and plantains arc cultivated. Wc met an old man on our return, who entertained us with the military exercifcs of the natives, which Mt performed » ith the patoo-patoo and the lance. The former hat been already mentioned, and is ufed a* a battle-axe : the latter is iB or ao feet in length, made of extreme liiird wood, and (harpened at each end. A (lake wai fubflitutcd for a fuppofed enemy. The old warrior (irfl attacked him with his lance, advancing with a mod furious afpedl. Having pierced him, the uatoo>patoo was ufed to demolifh nis head, at which he (Iruck with a force which would at one blow have fplit any man's ilcull : from whence we M concluded 46 Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES C () M P I- K T K. COOK'S FIRST 1 1 i ! ! concluded no quarter ^m given by thcfc people in time ofadion to their foes. The number of natives here arc by no means con- fiderablc. They arc tolerably well fhapcd, but lean and tall : their faces refemblc thofe of the kuropeansi : their nofcs are aquiline, their eyes dark coloured, their hair black, which is tied upon the top of their heads, and the men's beards arc of a moderate length. Their tattaowing is done very curioufly, in varous figures, which makes their (kins refemblc carving; it is con- fined to the principal men, the females and fervants ufingonly red paint, with which they daub their faces, that othcrwife would not bedifagrccablc. Their cloth is w hite, glofl'y, and very even ; it is worn principally by the men, though it is w rought by the vomen, who indeed are condemned to labour and drudgery. On ihc sftli we let up the armourers torge un fliorc for necedary lifts, and got our wood and watir w ithout the Icaft molellation Irom the natives, wirh whom ue exchanged glafs bottles and beads for diflerent forts of lifli. Mr. Banks .ind Dr. Solandci went again in fcarch of plants ; Tupia, who was with them, engaged in a converfation with one of the priells, and they fcemcd to agree in their opinions upon the fiibject of religion. Tupia, in the courle of this conference, enquired whether the report of their c;itin;; men was founded in truth; to which the priell aniwered, it was, but that they eat none but ileclared fines, after they were killed in uar. Ihat they earned their re- fcniment even beyond death was apparent from this favage idea. On the ivth Capf. C(X)k and Dr. Solander went to infpert the bay, whin the doctor was not a little fur- prifcd to find the natives in the poirellion of a boy's top, which they knew how to fpin by whijiping it, and he purchafed it out of curiofity. Mr. lianks was during this time employed in attaihing the fun\mit of a fteep hill, that tiad previoully engaged their at- tention, and near it he found many inhabited houfes. There were two rowiof jhjIcs, about i4or 15 feet high, covered over with (licks, whiih mai'c an avenue of about five feet in width, extending near 100 yards dow 11 the hill, in an irregular line : (he intent of tliis credtion was not difcovered. When the gentlemen met at the watering-place, the Indians fang their war fbng, which was a (1 range medley of fhouiing, figh- ing, and grimace, at which the women allilled. The next day Capt. Cook, and other gentlemen, went upon the illand at the entrance of the bay, and met with a canoe that was 67 feet in length, fix in breadth, and lour in height; her bottom, which was fharp, conlilled of three trunks of tribes, and the fides and head were curioudy carved. We alio c ame to a large unfinidied houfe. The ports which fuppoi ted it were ornamented with carvings, that did not ap- pear to be done ii()on the fpot, anil as the inhabitants leem to fet gnat value upon works of this kind, future navigators might find their advantage in carrying fuch articles to trade with. Though the polls of this houfe were judged to be brought here, the people fcemcd to have a ta(tc for carving, as their boats, paddles, and tops of walking-rticks evince. '1 heir favourite figure is a volute, or fpiral, which is fonie- times (ingle, double, and triple, and is done w ith great cxactnefs, though the only inllruments we faw were, an a.xe made ol (lone, and a chiffel. Their ta(U-, how . ever, is extremely whimfical. Their huts are built under trees, their form isan oblong fquarc; the door low on the fide, and (he windows arc at the ends; reeds covered with thatch compofc the walls j the beams of the caves, which come to the ground, arc covered with thatch: moft of the houfes had been de- ferted, through fear of the tnelifli, upon their land- ing. There arc many beautiful parrots, and great numbers of birds of diflerent kinds, particularly one wfujfc note refemblcs the European black-bird ; but here is no ground-fowl, or poultry, nor any qiiadru- peds, except rats and dugs, and thefe were not nunic- lous. The dogs arc cunlidered as delicate food, and their Ikin* fcrve forurnamcnts to (heir apparel. There roog is a great variety of lilh in the hay; (lull and (illi (Ibme of which weigh near i; pounds^ np. 'J plentiful. ^ '•"^rp Sunday, Oi'lober sgth, we fet fail from thi, (, ,1 It isliiuate in latitude jSdeg. 22 min. S. lour ka, j tothe N. of CJable Knii loicland: thcrearci\,oP J rocks at the ehtrancc of the bay, which form a '^J very good for procuring wood and water. Thcr ". high rocky illund off the N. point of the hav \^<'\ afi<-rds good anchorage, having a fine fnuly |,o,i' and from 7 to i\ fathom wattr, and is likt wjf^. (i".' tcrcd from all "hut the N. K. w ind. WV ohui nothing here i.i trade but foinc fweet pot:i[oi's 3 a litile filb. This is a very hilly country, thnupi, prcfents the eye with an agreeable vi-rdnrc, var^ woods, anit man) fniall plantations. Mr. Ii,ii,|(sf a great number of trees in the wockIs, quite unkn "' to Luro(ieans ; the fire- wood rcfcniblid thciriv' tree, and produced a gum of whitilh colour- n ' trees \ leliltd a gum of a deep yellow grcpn. ,v ' withll.uiding the foil appears viry proper tor r duung every fpccies of veg'.-tables, thur o:ilv re ' were yan>s anil (weet potatoes. On Monday the ;oth, failing tn the nortlni.irii fell in with a fmall ill.ind about .1 mjlc dilljnr i-, the N. K. point of the main, and this bciiiir ;|,(. |j earterii part of it, the captain named it halt Ctic ir the ifland J'.afl Illand ; it was but fmall, ;ind apVar barren. '1 he cape is in latitude J7 itc;^. .1 „,',;, fee. S. There are many fir.all h.iys from 'lobi-i I to Kail Cape. Havingiloiibled the( ape, niaiivvilii. prelented themlrlves to view, aiul the aili.iiftit liS appeared cultivated. 'I'liis evening Lieut! llnL, covered a bay, to which his name was oivcn. On the 3 1 II, about nine, leveial canoisiamc^ from fhoiewitha numberof armed nien.whojpiifan to have hoflilc intentions. Ikfore thefe h.nj nacl the Ihip, another canoe, larger than anv ihathwj been feen, full of armed Indians, camcol), and ni;, towards the Kndeavour with great cxpiiJit,,),, f captain now judging it expedient to prevent, if (it)le, their attacking him, ordered a gun to bch; over their htvids: this not protluringthedcfiredtliu another gun was fired with ball, which threw t into fuch conflernation. that they iiniiuHlutdv turned much faflrr than they came. This ritTir retreat induced the captain to give the cape, ort »,-ii it happened, the name of Cape Kuna«a\ ; it h^ latitude 37 deg. 32 min. S. and longitude i,Si di 48 min. W. Wealfo found that the find, nh during this day's run appeared like an illand, one, and we nametl the f.ime White Ifland. On the eft of Novemlnr, atd.iy-break, notlcfv between 40 and 50 canf>cs were feen, fcvcral ot whi came off as before, threatening to attack the i;:v;!i One of their chiefs flourilhcd his pike, and mlvc veral harangues, feeming to bid ilcli^'.^L 'o thole board the veflel. At laif, after repeated invMtn they came dole atong-fidc; but inllead of IIicm; difpofition to trade, the haranguing^chicf uttcn fentence, and took up a (lone, which he threw agi^ the (hip, and immediately after they fcized tlicir ji They were informed by lupia, of the dreadful k qucntcs of commencing hoflilities; butthisaJmi tion they fecmed little to regard. A piece of cli however, happening to attract their eyes, tlicy to be more mild ami realbnable. A quantity — for making Difcoverics in the Soutb Seas & Round the jyorU. 47 fst uhil holcl ■>tia liiTnot «nfweritig the end, he was flioc in the back I limall 'hot, yet he ftill perfcvered in hi» dcfign. liTi s being perceived by his counrrymen, they dropc I il'rn a"<* ''^^ "P '*"^ '""S of 'I'^hance. In conlc- I ncc 0* 'heir behaviour, though they made no pre- r'atjons to attack the vcfTei, the captain gave orders "'j-^j J fourpoundcr, which palFed over them ; but its i,ton the water terrified them fo much, that they catid to the Ihore with the utmoft precipitation. "In the afternoon, about two o'clock, wedifcovcrcd tftty high idand to the wcllward. Some time after ' . •^g other rocks and iflands ' being able to weather ther „e bore up between then: and the main land. f' jyjng other rocks and iflands in the fame quarter, ' -t being able to weather them before nighr came .ke evening a double canoe, built after the fame |Vp„ as thofe ot Otaheite, came up, when Tupia ,(,cil into a friendly convcrfation with the Indians, il»jstoId that the iflind, clofc to which we lay, called Mowtohora. It was but a few miles from ^niain land, pretty high, but of no great extent. j.j^jMincd tlr-'difpolitionof the Indians, from their hiuith f"P''''' '" '*'■' '" ""'' f^vur, but when it was fcktiicy hc^^an their ufual falute, by pouring a voU r^jmoncs mtothc fiiip, and then reircnted. S. VV. W.otthis illand, upon the main land, and in t^ e '.,f ol a '■"'g'-' pliJiOi is a high circular mountain, «hich we gave the nan^c of Mount l\dgeruml)c. [livcrvconipicuous,and is feated in latitude J7 dcg. ,iiiii.'l"ng>f"^^«: 193 '^fg- 7'"'"- finihf 2d, in the morning, a number of canoes mttl. and one, which proved to be the fame that jiiclu'il ii> the night before, tnmc up. After con- *„. « iih Tupia, and l)ehaving- peaceably about an if'ihcv loinplimentcd us with another volley of J,. \Vc rtturiud the falute by tiring a nuilket, feh nuilc them inftantly take to their paddies. ,t(n ten anil eleven wc failed between a low Hat ^((jnil the main land. The lad appeared to he KJIl',^!^Mt^ height, but level, full of plantations cll.vc'i. The villages were UjX)n the high land fit the 111, more extenlive than any we -had fteii, jfurroiiiHlid by a ditch, and a bank with rails on VM)( It. There were fome inclofurts that re- JikJ tort-, and the whole had the appcannce of jniijtHrrilitv well defended. fftlthc ;d wc pallid the night near a fmall idand, L:ch (apt. took named the Mayor ; and at (even VhcnuTiung, diftant from hence about fix leagues, JkoKtcd a clulkr of fmall ill .uuls, which wc called itCouttiif Aldermen. Thefewere twelve miles from (njin, b(i«een which were other fmall illands, (Kirren, hut very high. The z{\)cii of the main juaimnv muih changed, the foil appearing to fSimn.and the country very thinly inhabited. The {ilio governs the dillrict from Cape Turnagain ttkii'oaii \\:is named Teratu. In the afternoon taiocs, built dirtcrently from thofc already men- ^i,canlt along-lide the Kndeavour. They were acdi)filie trunks of whole trees, rendered hollow bbunimn; but they were not carved, nor in any (wr ornamented. Wc now failed towards an in- \ti\ tijil been difcovered.and having anchored in n fathom water, the ihip was foon furrounded by liiinbir of canoes, and the people on board them inNlcfm difpofed for fomc time to commit any bc( hortility. A bird being Ihot by one of our , fomc Indians, without Ihcwing any furprife, jflit It on board ; and, for their civility, the nil gave them a piece of cloth. But this favour ltd upon them in a diHcrent manner than was pttttd; for, when it was dark, they begun a fong Itlann, and endeavoured to carry oft" the buoy of lijnclior; and notwithlVinding fomc mufkets w a greater force. From the remains, it neverthe lefs fccmcd to have been taken, and partly dellroyed. The Indians fup before fun-fct, when ihey eat Hfti \ and birds baked or roafted ; they road them upon a [ flick fluck in the ground near the fire, and bake them - in the manner the dog was baked which the gentle- men cat at George's liland. A female mourner was < prcfcnt at one of their fuppcrs 5 fl>c was fcatcd upon the ground, and wept inceflantly, at the iame time repeating fome fcntcnce* in a doleful mann(r, but which Tupia could not explain : at the teripination of each period fhe cut herfcif with a (luii upon her breaft, her hands, or b-r f. :e. Notwithftanding this bloody fpcdacle greatly affedled the gentlemen prc- fcnt, yet all the Indians who fat by her, except one, were quite unmoved. The gentlemen law fomc, who -V . .( . .-- ■ ^ 3 '.if from the depth of their fears muft, upon thclc oc fions, have wounded themfclves in a moft vM ] manner. "" A great number of oyders were procured from bed which had been difcovered, and they proved 1 ceedingly good. Next day the fhip was vifitjH^J two canoes, with unknown Indians j after fomc J viiation they came on board, and they all trafiick without any fraud. Two fortified villages bcinffd' ferted, the captain, with Mr. Banks, and Dr. SoliL ' went to examine them. The fmallelt was ronup- cally fituated upon a rock, which was arched- ih village did not confilt of above five or fix huui ! fenced round. There was but one path, which very narrow, that condudted to it. Thcj>emlcn' were invited by the inhabitants to pay chcmavn but not having time to fparc, took another ruj after having made prefents to the females. A bt of men, women, and children, now approached h gentlemen ^ theic proved to be the inhabiunts another town, which they propofed viijting, n gave many tellimoiiies ol their friendly difpoilti,,, among others they uttered the word Hcromai.uhi according to Tupia's interpretation implied' pc and appeared much latii>ficd when inrornitd thci'd ticmcn intended viiiting their hahitation.^.. u town «as tailed \V harreiouwa. It is fea[ido;i» 1 of land over ihc fea, on the north fide ol the and was palled rounti, and defended by a doubled.^ Wiihin ihc ditch a (tagc is erected, for dclcridini;i| place in cafe of an attack : near this Ihge qu^nlij of darts and Hones are depofitcd, that thev ttm ? ways be in readinefs to repel the aflailaius.' "IhiJ another rtage, locomniand the path that Icadjioj town ; and there w ere fome out-works. '1 he p|. feemed calculated to hold out a conliderablc tij agamft an enemy armed with no other t^ciponuh thotc of the Indians. It appeared, however, dcticij in water for holding out a ficge. Inftcad ot brt. they had fern root, which was here in great pLJ withdricd fifh. Very littleof the land wascultivjJ and fweet potatoes and yams were the only \egaM to be found. There are two rocks near the ton of J fortification, both fcparated from the mam U they are very fmall, neverthelefs they are not with dwelling>houfcs and little fortificatiuns. In ttj engagements, thefe Indians throw. (tones with l, hands, being deliitutc of a tling, and thui'c and Ua arc tlicir only miinie weaf.'ons: they have, bij the patoo-patoo, already defcribcd.a Uatlatuu; 1 feet in length, and another iliortcr. On the ijth we failed from this bay, after hii taken pofTcliion of 11 in the name of the king of (J Britain, 'i'ojava, who vifned us in his canuc {uli fore our departure, f.ud, he (liould prcprctoi to his fort as foon as the Knuliih were gone, m relations of Otirreconooe had threatened to lak lifir, as a fisrfcit tor that of the deceafed, Tojawt Judged partial in this affair to the Engiiih. A number of illands of diJl'erent (iics apjienra wards the N. W, which v*ere named Mercury Ilk Mercury Bay lies in latitude 36 dcg. 47 mm. S, gitudc 1 84 deg. 4 mil). W. and has a fnuil cnii at its mouth. On account of the number oioJ found in the river, the captain gave it thcnaj Oyltcr River : Mangrove Kiver (which the fo called from the great number uf thole int grew near it) is the mod fecurc plice for tl)i{] being at the head of the bay. The N. VV. lida bay and river appeared much more fertile tha E. fide. The inhabitants, though numcroui, hi plantations : their canoes are very indilfcrentlji; ftiuCted, and are not ornamciiicd at ail. Tlf under continual apprehentions ot Irrratu, belli fidcrcd by him as rebels. There isaquantityoi iron fand on this coall. .'hich is brought down the country by a rivulet, and which fuSicieni monftrates that there are mines of metal thcrcf In the morniug of the 1 8th we fleered bctw« main and an illand. which Icemcd very fertile, j COOK'a FIRST VOYAGE— for making Dijcoveries in the Houth Seas &c Round the World. 49 xteiifiViJ as Ulietea. Several canoes filled with In- dians, came along- fide here, and the Iniiiatis fang their ^ar fong, hut the Endeavour's people paying them no attention, they threw a volley of ftoiies, and then nad- Jjcd awayv however they prefently returned their inlults. Tupia fpoke to them, making ufe of his old arguments, that inevitable dellruction would cnfue if they perfifted j thev anfwercd by brandi.'hing their weapons, intinia- (m, that if the English durlt come on fhore they aould deftroy them alL Tupia ftill continued in cx- nolklating with them, but to no purpofe ; and they \xn "ave anotlicr volley of ftones ; but upon a mus- quct being fired at one of their boats, they made a per- ^iiitate retreat. We caft anchor in 27, fathom water in the evening, and early the next morning failed up an inlet. Soon after two canoes came off, and fome of the Indian" came on board : they knew Tajava very well, jfld called Tupia by his name. Having received from us fome prefents, tbey retired, peaceably and perfectly (itisiii-.l to all appearance. We came to an ar.chor in the bay callcil by the na- tives Ooahaouragec. On Monday the 20th, after hav- injT run five len^'iu's from the place where wc h:id an- c\ircd the night before. Capt. Cook, Mr. B.itiks, llr. Sjlanilcr, an3 others ic' otF in the pinnace to examine tiie bottom of the b*y, and found the inlet end of a fivcr, about nine miles above the (hip. \N'e entered into the fame with the tirll of the flcKxl, and before wc ),;1 proccr led three miles, the water was pcrieiftly frcfh Ilea' wc law an Indinn town, builr upon a fmall dry iin.ibiink, and entirely furrounded by a deep mud, the iiiliabitants of which with much cordiality invited (stij land and gave us a moll friendly recepti')ii. Wc were now fourteen miles up the river, and finding little itcrKion in the face of the country, we landed on the weft liilc to examine the lofty trees which adorned its ijulcsand were of a kind that we had not fecn before. At the entrance of a wood we met with one ninety- ejht feet high from the ground, quite ftrait, and nine- Kcn tret in circumference; and as we adv.iiRcd we fcinJ others flill larger. The wooil of theic trees is ttrv heavy, not fit for mafls but would make exceeding fe;« planks. Ouf carpenter, who was with us, ohferv- el, that the timber refembled that of the pitch pine which is lightened by tapping. There were alfb trees cfothe^ kinds, all unknown to us, fpecimens of which r.' hrou^'ht away. We rcimbarked about three o'clock ui'ji the firll of the ebb, and Cant. Cook gave to the r.vcr the name of the Thames, it hsving a relcmb!*nce tot"'.' river of that name in England. It is not fo deep, \fi\ i: is as broad as the Thames is at Greenwich, and tiict.dL- of flood is as (Irone. On the evening of the ;iil we a-ached the ft»ip, nappy at being on board, ba! ill rxtrcmciv tired. Wcdncfd.iy the sid, early in the morning, we made (uj, and kept plying till the flood obliged us once more to come to an anchor. The Captain and Dr. Sdander w.r.t on fhore to the wefl, but made no obfervations lorth relating. After thefc gentlemen departed, the frju was furrounded with canoes, which kept Mr. Bitib on board, that he might trade with the Indians, «ho bartered their arms and cloaths for paper, taking tountair advantages. But though they were in gc- Ktil honeft in their dealings, one of them took a ^x^' to a half minute glafs, and being dcteded in fc- trtt'ti^ the fame, it was rclblved to give him a fmatch of the cat-o*nine tails. The Indians interfered to l\op liic current of jufticc \ but being oppofetl they got r.;!r arms from their canoes, nd fome of the people nihem attempted to get on board. Mr. B.mks and Tjpia now coming upon deck, the Indians applied to Tupia, who informed them of the nature of the of- j Ifiidtr's intended punilhment, and that he had no in- fecnceover Mr. Hicks, the commanding officer. They I ippnred pacified, and the criminal received not only I idoun, out afterwards a good drubbing from an oM iM, who was thought to be his father. The cmoes BincJiiitcly went oft, the Indians faying, they fhould beilraid to return again on Iwird. Tupia, however I liou^ht them back, but they fccmcd to have loft that t. confidence which they before rcpoltd m us. Their flay was fhort, and after their departure we faw them not attain, though they had promifed to return with fome filh to us. Thurfday the 23d, the weather ftill continuing unfa- vourable, and the wind contrary, we kept plying down the river, anchoring between the tides •, and at the north- weft extremity of the Thames, wc pafTed a point of land which the captain called Point Rodney ; and ano- ther, at the north-calt extremity, when we entered the bay, he named Cape Colville, in honour of Lord Col- ville. Not being able to approach land, we had but a diftant view of the main for a courfe of near thirty miles. Under the name of the river Thames, the captain com- prehended the whole bay. Cape Colville is to be dif- tinguifhed by a high rock, and lies in 36 deg. 26 min. of fouth latitude, and 194 deg. 27 min. weft longitude. The Thames runs fouth by eaft from the fouthcrn point of the cape. In fome parts it is three leagues ovi-r, for about fourteen leagues, after which it becomes narrow- er, in fome parts of the bay the water is 26 fathoms deep 1 the depth diminifhes gradually, and in general the anchorage Is good. 1 o fome iflaiids that fhelter it from the fea Captain Cook gave the name of Barrier Iflands 1 they ftretch north-wcltand fouth eaft ten leagues 'I'hc country fcemed to be thinly inhabited -, the natives are will made, ftrong, and adlive ; their bodies are paint- ed with red ocre, and their canoes ornamented with c.irved work, and very inijCnioufly conftruded. Frid.iy the 24th, we conrmucd fteering along the fhore, between the iflands and the main 1 and in the evening anchored in an open bay, in about fourteen fa- thom water. Here we taught a large number of fifti of the fcienne, or bream kind, enough to fupply the whole fhip's company with provifion for two days. From our fuccefs Capt. Cook nanicti this place Bream Bay, and the extreme points at the north end of the bay he called Bream 1 lead. .Scvrral pointed rocks ftand in a range upon the top of it, and fome fma^l iflands which lie before it were called the Hen and Chickens. It is fituated in latitude 35 dtjr. -\.(> niin. fevcntcen lea;i\ies north-weft of Cape Colville. There is an ex- tent of land about thirty' miles, between Point liodney and Htvam Head, woo.ly aiul low. No inhabitants I were viable 1 but wc concluded it was inhabited from I the fires perceived at nipht. I We left the hay on the 25th, early in the mornine-, I and continued our courfe ilowly to the northward, at j noon our latitude was 36 Jea. 36 min. fouth, and we i faw fume iflands which wt. nanud the Poor Ks ights, ; at north-eaft by north, (lift uit three Ic-gues; the i-orth- ermoft land in fight bore N. N. W, wc were now at the diftance of two miles from the fhore, atid had f.ventv- fix fathom water. Upon the iflands v/ere a few towns that appe.ircd fortified, and the land leemed W: inha- bited round them. 'I'owards night on the i6th, fevcn large c.inocs came off to us, with about two hundred men. Some of the Indians came on Iward, and let us know, that they had an account of our arrival. Thefe were followed by two larger can(Ks, adorned with car%'iiic. 'I'lie In- dians, after having held a eontcrence, came a-Iong fide ot the vclRl. They were r.rmcd with various weapons, and llemal to he of the higher orj.er. Tiieir patoo- patoos were made of ftone and whale-bone, ornamented with dog's hair, and were held in high eftiination. Their complexion was darker than that of thofe to the fouth, and their faces were ftained with amcKO. Thev were given to pilfering, of which one of them gave an inftance pretending to barter a piece of talc, wrought into the fhapc of an axe, for a piece of cloth \ nor wjis he dit'ixjfed to fulfill his agreement, till we coni{Klted him to do it, by firing a niuf(|uet over his head, which brought liim back to the ftiip, and he returned the cloth. At three in the afternoon we pafled a remark- able high point of land, bearing well, and it was called Caps Brett, in honour of Sir I'icrcy Brett. At the jwint of this cape is a round high hillock, and iu\rth- eaft by north, diftant about a nide, is a curious .irched rock like that whkhjias been already defcribcd. This N * cape 5° C O O K's VOYAGES COMPLETE. cape or at leaft part of it, is called by the natives Motu- gogo, and lies in 3 5 deg. 1 o min. 50 fee. fouth latitude, and in 185 i^eg. 23 min. weft longitude. To the fouth- weft by we!t is a bay, in which is many fmall iflands, and the point at tho north-wert entrance the captain named Point Pococke. There are many villages on the main as ••,■11 as on the iflands, which appeared veil inhabited, a>id fi^veral canoes filled with Indians made to the ftiip, and in the courfe of bartering fhewed the fame inclination to defraud as their neighbours. Thefc Indians were ftrong and well proprtioned •, their hair black, and tied up in a bunch rtuck with feathers : thfir chiefs hid garments maJe of fine cloth, decorated with dog's ikin; and they were tataowed like thofe whom we had feen before. In the morning of Monday the 27th, we found our- felvcs within a mile of many fmall illands, laying clofe under the main, at the diftancc ot twenty-two miles from Cape IJrctt. I Icre we lay alx)ut two hours, du- ring which time fcvcnil canoes came otV from the iflands, which we called Cavailes, the name of fome fifti which we purchafe of the Indians. Thcfe peo- ple were very infolent, ufirg many fnintic gertures, and pelting us with ftones. Nor did they give over their jnfults, till fome fmall (hot hit one who had a Itone tti his hand. A general terror was now fpre.id among them, and thcyall made a very prccipit.ite retreat. Por feveral days the wind was fo very unfavourable, that the vclVcl rather lolt ground than gained .iny. Having, on the i^th, weathered Cape Brett, we bcrre awiy to letw.ird, and got into a larye Kiy, where we anchore.l on the fouth-weft fide of kveral iflands, and fuddcrlv came into four fathoms and a half water. L'pon foundirg, we found we had got upon a bank, and accordingly weighed and dropjKd over it, and anchored a^ain in ten fathoms and a half, after which we were furrounded by thirty-three large canoes, con- taining near three hundreti Indians all armed. Some of them were admitted on board, and captain Cook nave a piece ot broad cloth to one of the chiefs, and iome fmall prefents to the other. They traded peace- ably for fome time, being terrified at the fire-arms, with the effes of which they were not unacqu. .itedj but whilft the captain was at dinner, on a figiial given by one of the chiefs, all the Indians quitted the fhip, and attempted to tow away the buoy ; a mufqiiet was now fired over them, but it produced no etfeCk; fmall ftiot was then fired at them, but it did not reach them. A rnifquet loaded with ball, was therefore ordered to bi- fired, a!id Otegoowgoow (fon of one of the chiefs) was wounded in the thigh by it, which induced them im- mediately to throw the buoy overboard. To complete their confufion, a round fliut was fired, which reached the fliore, and as foon as they landed they ran in fcarch of it. If thcfe Indians had been under any kind of military difcipline, they might have proved a much more formidable enemy •, but ading thus, without any plan or regulation, they only expofed thcmfelves to the annoyance of the fire-arms, whilil they could not jxjf- fibly fucceed in any of their dcfigns. The Captain, Mr. Banks, and Ur. Solander, landed upon t.hc ifland, and the Indians in the caniK-s foon after came on fhore. 'I'he gentlemen were in a fmall cove, and were prefently furrounded by near 400 armed Indians ; but the cap- tain not fufpce'ling any hoftile defign on the part of the natives, remained peaceably difpofed. The gentle- men, marching tow.irds them, drew a li^e, intimating that they were not to pafs it : they did not infringe upon this boundary for fome time-, but at length, they f!iiig the fong of defiance, and began to dance, whillt a party attempt-^d to draw the Endeavour's boat on ihore, thefc fignals for lan attack being immediately followed by the Indians breaking in upon the line-, the gentlemen judged it time to defend themfclvcs, and ac- cordingly the capt.iin fired his mufquet, loaded with fmall fhot, which was feconded by Mr. B.'Uiks's dif- charging his piece, and two of the men followed his ex- ample. This threw the Indians into confufion, and they retreated, but were rallied again by one of the chiefs, who fhoutcd and waved his patoo-patoo. The Doftor now pointed his mufquet at this hero, and hit him • this flopped his career, and he took to flight with the other Indians. They retired to an eminence in a col- Icdcd body, and fcemed dubious whether they ftiouji return to the charge. They were now at too great a diftance for a ball to reach them, but thefe operations being obfervcd from' the flv,> fhc brought her broad^ fide to bear and by firiiTg over il.-m, foon difperftd them. The Indians had in their fltirmifti two of their people wounded, but none killed: peace being thus re- ftored, the gentlemen began to gather celery and other herbs, but fufpcifling that fome of the natires wtre lurking about with evil defigns, they repaired to a cave which was at a fnull diftance. Here they f,^w\ the chief, who liad that day received a prcfent from the Captain : he came forth with his wife and brother, and foliciteil their clemency. It appeared that one of the wounded Indians was a brother of this chief, who was under great anxiety left the wound fliould prove mortal but his crief was in a great degree alleviated, when he was made acquainted with the different cU'eits of fma| fljot and balli he w-is at chc (iime. time aflured, that upon any farther hofttlities being committed, ball would be ufed. This interview termin.ita.! very cordially, af. ter fome trifling prefcnt were made to the chief 'and his companions. The prudence {M~ the gentlemen can- not be much commended : fi-r had thcfe 400 ]niiu)s boldly rufhcd in upon them at once with their weapons the muKiuetry could have done very little execution' but fuppofing twenty or tliirty of the Indians had been wounded, as it does not appear their pieces werclo,i.<.j with bill, but only fmall Ihot, there would have re- mained a fuflicient number to iiavc maflacred rhcm, as it appears they do not give any quarter, and none could have been expe(;Vfd upon tliis occaiion. It is true, '.vl-.cn the fhip brought her broadfide to bear, fl;e mirht hive made great havock amongft the Indians ; but this would have Ix'en too late to lave the party on fliorc — Being in their boats, the Pnglifh rowed to another part of the fime ifl-uid, when landing and gaining an -mi- ncnce, they had a very agreeable a^d romantx view of a great number of fmall iflands, well inhabited and cul- tivated. 'I'he inhabitants of an a,ijacent town jp. proached unarmed, and teltificd grc.it humility and t'ubmillion. S mie of the prty on Ihore wiio haii been very violent lor having the Indians puriitlied tor their fraudulent co: idui^, were now guilty of trefpalTcs equaily rcprehenfiblc, having forced into fome of the pLmta- tioiis and dug up potatoes. The captain, upon this occafion (hewed ttri>:^ jullice in punifhing each iif the offenders with twelve lafiies: one of them being very refr.'.:'tory up^m th.is occafion, atid complaining of the hardfhip, thinking an Eiiglilhman had a right to plunder an Ituliaii with in.punity, received, for his reward, fix additional laflies. It being a dead calm on the 30th, two boats were fent to found the harlxjur; when many canoes came up and traded with great probity, the gentlemen wen: again oil fliore and met with a very civil reception from the natives i and this friendly intcrcourli: continued all the time they remained in tKc bay, which was icveral days. Being upon a vifit to the old chief, he (hewed them the iiiitruments ufed in tataowing, which were very like thofe employed at Otaheite upon the like oc- cafion. They faw the man who had been wounded by the ball, when the attempt was made to carry off the fliip's buoy i and though it had gone through the flefliy part t>f his arm, it did not fccm to give him the Icail uneafiiiefs or pain. We weighed anchor on Tuefday the 5th of Decem- ber, in the morning, but were foon becalmed, ami a ftrong current fetting towards the fhore, we were driven in with fuch rapidity, that we expefted every moment to be run upon the breakers, which appeared abc . , water not more than a cable's length diftance, and we were fo near the land, that Tupia, who was to- tally ignorant of the danger, held a converfation with the Indians, who were ftanding on the beach. We were liappily relieved however, from this alarming fitiu- tioti by a trcfh brcese fuddenly fpringing up from the fhore COOK'^ FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcovtriej in the Soitth Seas Sc Round the ircrld. S» Ciore. The bay which wc had left was called the Bay of iflsmis, on account of tho numerous iflands it con- tiins; we caught but few lifti while we lay there, but procured great plenty from the natives, who were ex- tremely expert in filhin^, ahd difpiayed great ingenuity jn tlif torni of their nets, which were riiade of a kind of i-rafs; they were two or three hundred fathoms in icngthi and remarkably ftrong, and they have them in fuch p!cnty that it is itarcely poflible to go a hundred y,,ri! T . i II \. ■ lit %M ,:\)-'r' mmM %m 't iiiU Si uii iiii: iiui ui juiy, iiiicciiKiuns viiiceu i upia s tent, and after rfinaiiiing foinc tiinc^ went for two others, whom they irtroduccd by name. Some filh •was offtred them, but they feemed not much to regard it; after eating a little, they gave the remainder to Mr. Bankb's dog. Some ribbands which had been given them, to whuh medals were fufpended round their ncck.s, wci fo changed by fiiioke, that it was difficult to judge wliat colour they had been, and the fmokc had made their fkins look darker than their na- tural colour, from whence it was thought that they had flept clofc to their tires, .is a preventative againil the Iling o*" rlie muluuitos. Both the ftrangrrs had bones througli ihcir no(< s, and a piece of bark tied over their foreheads ; and one of thi m had an ornament of firings round his arm i and m elegant necklace made nf fhclls. On the i9ih, we faw fcvcral of the women, svho, as well as the men, were quite naked. Wc were this day vifitcd by ten Indians, who feemed refol/cd ro have ciTfj of tlic turtles that was on l»i«ru, which they re f)-attiily made fjgns for, and being as repear^Hly re- ined, they expielfird the utinoft ragr twi rrf(/.(iii*"r, i.ne of ihcm in particular, li.iving rciiyrd a denial from Mr. Banks, fit ftampcd, and pufhcd /ii,.i away in a moll • iolf-nr manner. At length they laid hands on t vo of die turtles, and drc^ tlicni to the fide of the fhip where the canor lay, but the failors took thrin away, the/ made fi vcral fiinilar attempts, bin being emially unluKcUlul, they IcAped fuddenly into their L.inoc, and rowed ofi. 1 h*- Indian? flill continuing in figlit, a mufquet charg'.d with b.dl was fired, the report only of wliirf, f<;nr ihcrn out of fight ; but thejr voices being hi'.ird in the Woods, the Captain with 3 few people went totnnt <*icm. Both narfics (lopped when in fight of each other* at which time an old Indian advanced before tlic rr/i a little way, but fuon halted, and after having fpok' (ojiie wotiis, >thich we could not underftanti, he «''lrc3trd to his cympanions, and they all retired ilowly ;n a body. Having found means to feizc fomc of their daftj, 've confifuicd following them alniut a mile, and (htti fit djwn upon fomc rf)rks, the Indians fittinu; down ilfo about an hundred yards fn ,ii us. The oKI man -igain caitx* forward, having a lance without k toint in his hand j he flopped fcveral times t dif- fifii liiilancc?, and fj'oke, whereupon the Captiin ounoay, tnc 29tn, 'vc got iiic ancnor up, and maiii all ready to put to fea, but the weather being unUJ vourable, pollponed it till Saturday the 4th. Wei off' E. by N. with the pinnace a-head to kc-ufounJingl About noon we came to an anchor, when the hirtu from whence we had failed bore S. 70 W. diftantaboutl five leagues. The Ciptain here named the northernraoftf point of land in light, Cape Bedford, and the hvbcuJ wc had quitted, tndeavour River. Our latitude by obJ Irrv.uion was now 15 deg. ji min. S. On Saturday, the 4tli, Captain Cook went uptottl mafb-licad ro look at Ibme dangerous l^ioals, fevcrjlofl which he law above the water. 1 his day fuchaaiun. tity o^" lilh was caught, as allowed a dividend uf uol jviundi to each man. IJurinj; the fix following dj)'!,j wc attcmprcd to fail between the flioals and brcaktrsbjf j which we were every way furrounded. On the icth,| wc were between a head-land and three illands, wliic,i| had been difcoverfd the preceding day. We new c;. icrtaincd hopes of being out of danger; but thii not I proving to be the cafr, wc ca'led the head-land lj|)c I- lattery, ;3ome land was now difcovcrcd, andwjsgr. | nerally (aken for tfie main: but in the Captain's opi- nion, acluftrr of iflands. Upon this divcrfity uficn- timi-nts, H w** refolvcd to bring the tliipto anancW. I This d'.ne, the Captain landed, an I from ahighpouit ijok a furvry of tne fea-'oaft, by which he wutoi: finned in his conjrAurc. On Saturday, the nth, rarly in the morning, Mt. Banks and Capt. Cook werti u> vifh the iargefl of the I three iliands, and having gained the fumniit uf tb( li /'■ tide of Hood again lirovc the vefftl very near the roc vs, fo that our urofpedV of ddlruftion was rt newed, wh.m we ■iifcoveredanotlier ppniiii(];, and a light breeze Ipruigmg up, w< rntrred It, am! were driven through it, with a rapidity rha! jjrc ^ciiud the fhjp from ftriking *^-^>M\ cither lide of the liuniid. 'I'hc fiiip now came to an anchor, .tud our mw were ytateful for having regained a ('*'■'»', which thty had been very lately nu^fl anxious to uui Tite ran'ip of Providence Channel was ^iven to th. -j^ening 'hrough which the (hip had Uiu« elcapedthc inott iin- niinent dangers. A high promo, lory on tlic main hind m light, was denominated Cape WeymouUi, and a bay near it Weymouth Bay. On the j8th, we dircovcred fcveral fmall iilands, which *crc ( ailed Forbes '.s Iflands, and lia»'. a light of a hi^h point of land on the main, which was named the Holt Mcid, On the 19th, wc difcovered fevcral other fmall ifl'inds, the land of which was low, l'«rren, and fuiidy. •\ (loint was fecn, and called Cape Grcrville, and a bay which took the name of Tcinplc Bay. iii the afternoon ni'ir/ other iflands were ftcn, which w,.re denominated Bin! Ides, from their being frequented by ituriieroiis floikj of birds. On the jotli many ircrc I'liial) id.imls wfrr feen, on one of which were a few trees, and frvtial ladiiui huts, fuppofed to luvc been crcflcd by 8. oreat jsritain : ana tnrec vimcys ui iniaii arms ucing fired, and ani'weted by an equal number from the Kii- deavour, the place received the name of i'oircirion Ifland. The next morning we f.iw tiirce naked women collecting thdl-fifh on the beach ; and weighing anciior, gave the name of Cape Cornwall to the cxtrtme point of the largell ifland on the nonh-weft fide of the paf- fage : Ibiuc low iflaixis near the middle of the channel receiving the name of Wallis's llle ; foon after whicli the lliip came :o ananclior, and the long-boat was fcnt out to found. Towards evening wc f.uled J(?;iin, and the capuin landed with Mr. Banks, on a fmall illand which was frequented by imt^unfc numbers of bird^, the majority of which being boubics, tlic place re- ceived the name of Booby Uhmd. We were now ad- vanced to the northern extremity of New Holla.'ul, and had the fati»f«ftion of viewing the open fca to the welt ward. To the paflagc wc had (billed through, Capt. Cook gave tlie name of t.ndcavour Streights. . New South Wales is a much lart^et country tlu.n any iiitliirto known, and not deemed a continent, bring larger tlian all !■ urope, which is proved by the I'.ndeavogr's iiaving coalltd iiivrt than iuoonukrs, even if hertratt were re- duced to a llrait line. Northward of the latitude of ijj deg. the country is h'. y, yet not mountainous i but to thefoutliwaidoftha' .tiludc, it iMinolUy low and even ground. t he hills "1 gct^ral arc diverliU d by lawns andwood>, and ma.iy oe» not appfai to be inhabited by numbers any way }!r'»f,^)iti(mrd toif, giewcxtenti not above thirty bciiiK '"' liern together b»it once, which was when tholt of boUi fexes and allat^es got together on a rock off I5cjtany Bay, to view the Ihip. None of ihtir viU lajjrs confjftcU of more huts than woukl iittord Ihelicr for fourteen or lifiern men, 4i»t the fe were the largell numbers that w«rc alleui^Wl with a view to ntt.ick us. No part yi the countiy..in)pearcd to be cultivated, whence there mud neccflanly be fewer inhabitiints on the inland jarts than on the fca-coall. The men nie well U'ade of the middle fize, and aiSlive, in a hii^h degree; but their voices are foft, < vcu to .rft'citiinacy. Their colour U chocolate , but ihty were lo covered with dirt, as to look aliiU'll >s Jijack as bcgroes. Their hair i- naturally lonjj and "bl.uk, but ihcy comnronly S cropped M 'J'^^;: .i'>jur. i he fuccceding day the (hip's comi^ay were liowrJ to go on Ihore for their amufcment, and the m'.cjitn employed themfelves in fifhing, in which they were very fucccfsful. Some of the company in rtificatio.-,s that had not the i;»antagc ot an eifvatrd fituation, but were furround- (J by two or three wide ditches, with a draw-bridge. liidi as, though (imple in its ftrufture, wt c.T'-.ble of r,i*cfitig every purpofc againll the arms of 'the fi- ::vf;. Within tiicfc ditches is a fence, mad' with ihkts, fixed in the earth. A decifivc conqueft or vic- tory uviT the btlleged, occaftons i'l entire depopula- ron ot that diftrirt, as the vanquiihcd. net only thofe sh a%- killed, but the prifoners likewifc arc devoured by their inhuman conquerors. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, employed themfelves oitheiju m colleding of plants, whilft Capt. Cook tr,tic lomc obfervations on the main land on the fouth- eait fide of the inlet, which eonfifted of a chain of fcgh hills, and formed part of the fouth-wetl fide of i!|;- Hrcight; the oppofitc fide extended far to the ea(t He alfo difcovered a village, and many houfes that had been deferred, and another village that appeared to be tnliabitc' There were many fmall ifiancfs round the mil, that feemed entirely barren, and what few inha- bitanij were upon them lived principally upon fifh. On the 24th, wc vifitcd a hippah, which was fituated on a very high rock, holkjw underneath, forming a tff natural arch, one fide of which joined to the I.tfi.|, and the other rofe out of the fea. The inhabitants re- ctimi us with great civility, and very readily (hewed We were vifircd by ourolJ friend Topoa, on Mon- ilay the 29th, in company with oth-.r Ir.iims, from whom we heard, that the man who had received a wound near the hippah, was deal; but this report proved aftcrwjirds groundless ; andwc found that To- poa's difcourlcs were not always to he rakcri Hterallv. HurinE; the time the bark w.is pripa.iog for fca, Mr.' Banks and Dr. Solander often went on (bore; but their walks were circumfcribed by the luxuriant climbers whiCi. filled up the (pace between the trcvs, and ren- dered t::c woals impafliiblc. Capf. Cook alfo made fevcral obfervations on the eoaft to the north-wc(t, and perceived many itiands, tormin^ hays, in which thcrj appeared to he good anchorage tor (hipping. He alCa ercfted another pyramid of ftonts, in wl.ich he put fome bullets, &c. as before, with the addition of .-i piece of our filver coin, and placed j art - '" :m old pendant on the top, to diltinguini it. Returning to the fhip he met with many of the natives, and niir- chafed a fmall quantity of (i(h of them. Some of our people, who .verc tent out early in the morning, on luefday the 30th, to gather celery, met With about twenty Indians, r.mong whom were five or fix women, whofe hulbands had 'lately been made captives. They (at down upon the ground together, and cut many parts of their bodies in a molt (hocking manner, with (hells, and (harp pieces of talc or jafpcr, in teltimony of their excefTive grief. But what made the horrid fpcftacle more terrible, was, that the male Indians who were with them, paid not the lead af^en- tion to it, but with the greatcll ujjconccrn imaginable, ^ employed pts were made to briri;^ her i ore • it was thercfcrc dncr- iif boats, wh-le the fliip kfut j inl'equence of this rrfol'itioii, 3d, dyt. Cofjk, Mr. Bjnk'i, ■d by the boat's crew, and Mr. from the (hip ir 'he pinnace, s. well armed. W<- rovd rfj. | hrn tome within i^u hundrd ] f water fo fliallow, that we J boat, in the care of two of the We had no fo«r,er reached fever.il prints of him an ftet wjicr inati^, fiom wlirccf it] Jtives had been therr. Wc at no great diftjmr, ,nid .is a ! *ithin a hiindtcd yard>of the 1 h i.aofion, thiit o\ir retrtai to | off. Wc wjlked by the (vlt 9 a grovr of co<.ot-nut ticc, a ineil, or hvif, which hiH ' , aiid nr ir It l.iy .1 minilxmf I At a fntall diilaiice t'lonithiii < i ar.J having nnvi/ ativanceJ ■ )r(>ni tiir honr, thirc Indians rifh a hideous fhont, a' .^bout rd yards j und as thev i.in r threw foniething "ui of lit r fule of him, ami burnt «• iut made no reporC; andtl* ire> at us. No tunc was to In- pieres, loaded with ftnall (hot t.'iry did n'sc'ial jilaccs, from whence it was coii- r>ailut the plaic was well juoplcd. The land aiul kc«-tKiir.;n(iw very llii^hl, ssc coiiiimicd in (i>;hl I'laml lor two day.s, when it wasoblcrvcd that kfcjflK'd ill inanv plai cs miitc to the Ica-coall, and mIji wji not tdc cal'c, ilicrc were Iarc;e and noble 5t)fthecoi.ria nut tree, which ran-'' ••ut a niileni) |ti«i.iiry. at whuli dillaiicc ^reai numbers oriioiil'es IptouiiiMiiweie I'ceii ; yet neither nativis nor cattle liftmscd, which wa.s iliought a very cxiiaoidi- itJH' 16th, we h«d f'lj^hl of the little inanil lalKd , ami the lame day law the liland Sciiiau, at .1 icr 10 the loiiihward oC rir:or. The illaiul ot IS chiefly ctiveied with bnlhy woikI without hui thcic are a niimbei of fan palm trees on it, irini; near tin faiidy beaches, and die whole conlill.s litrmatc hilb and valhys. The illand of Semaii i> y as Timor, bm rcrcinUles it greatly in other tis. As the (bip wa.s now dear ol all ilie illaiuls I had !«■ cii laid down in (ucb \\u<\>* as were on I «c made (ail Uuring the iiinl'.i, and were fur- I ihcncxt morning at the (iijbt olaii illaiid to the i.W. whi^ii we llaitcted oiirlelves was a new dit tiy Ik-fore niHin wc had lit',ht of hoid'es, proves o( imil trci s, and bujie lloils ot .'beep. 'Ibis wa.s Ifimif fight to pcojile whole bcaltb was lUclininn orrrficdimtnt, and it wa.s inllantly relolvcdlo |>|K die pin chafe ol what we Ihiod fo much in need Ik la (Mill lieutenant wa.s immediately dilpatclud |th( pinnace, in feaicb of a landinv^-place ; ami lic • iih him fuch things as it wa.s ihonj;lu mi>;lii be pialilc to the natives. — nminj; Mr. (loie'.s ab- If. ihr ijcoplc on board law two men on borleback Tiilii hill.s who frc(|iicntly (lopped to take a view 'vtlTfl. Tht lieutenant loon reiuiiied with an ac iliat he had entered a little rove, near whiib lafiw '• .iifes; that k\:,i\ men ddvanc.-d and in- lli'm to land; and that iluy tonvcrlid I0({fiber an Jatiliry coidi! byTmns. lb' leponc) d.at iluli- p«o Iwc very like die Malay 1, botn in pci itm and drcfs -, j6. (dllll. Kl Uil tmi.llVM ilL l>, \ \_ll III III* \ * - iti..-,. - ..- - louts beinn (ecu hoided on the beai li the iie.xlmoiiiiii;;, the capt.iiii coiicliided, tiiat the Dutch had a reuk-uu-iit on the illau.l, he therefore dil'patihed the fecoiul lieu- tenant to aciiuaiiit the governor, or other priiiciind re- (idciit, who they were, and that the fliil) bad put in lor neccdary lefreihmeiit.s. The lieutcnanl has iiij; hiiidvd, he wa.s reieived by a kinil of^uard ol Ibuielhiii;^ more than tweiuv Indii'iis, armed witli tniilijucis who alur thev had taken dowiiiluir colours from the l.tai h, jmo (ceded A-ithout the Icalt milll.iiy order; and iIiun ef corted him ui die town, wlieie the colouis had been hoillcd the prccediiis; evening. The licuttiiaut was now condudcd to the Raja, or kin;.; of ilx ilbuul, 10 whom, by means of a PoituRueCe interiirei r, he made known bis Inil'iicrs. The Raja faid. k s re.uly to lupplythe (bij) wiili the nett (laiy icCielhmei.is, but il;. t li:- could not trade with any other people than the Dutih, wiili whom III was in alliance, wiilunit luivi^i^ firit oblaiued their conieiU; he added, however, ihu he would make applu.iiion to the Dtileli a\;ciil. ssho was the only wliitc m.iii amon' them. 'I'o thi.^ a;eii!, whole name was l.an«e, and who proved to be die pci- (on that was (ecn from die Miip in the i:iii(>ps.in dvcis, a lelier was dirpalclied. aiieing a black, thev woubl jh rmii him to (it down *iih ihem. The poliien'el's of the nHicers fom. moved I C. ruples, and the grealell nond humour mA • i'i\iiy pievailed among llicm. Our dinner conb(b«< cbielly of mutton, which when the Raja had laHed. btu'iueded of us an I'n^liffi llieep, and Oic only one \sc had leli was pieliniedii. >a». hit \ ilitors now iur.>inied us, dial the illandalK>u«4c<* »*«i buffaloes, (beep.bog^. aid fowls, plemv of wbiih ^rnjiM be driven down to the (bote the ucNtdas. This p<»< us all in high Ipiiils, and the iKjuor tiieula'isd rath. 1 (ader dian uilur the Indian or ibc Sa.\on could Uai , bin ihcy had, liowivei,iho ieloluli<»n 10 c^plT('s a ddiie to dciwil, before ll ey were iiuiic imo)iKt.ied. When thev came upon dcik. r ll ev "^ .irc poor, and their cuiocs itiic we hail with them was «d lomc knowledge ot:n;n, (urts had not. On our ar- ifcd with our paper •, bu: c fpoilcd by the ssct, th;v broid-clotn, and ted Kcr- ftood over to the cafl ward, apidity of the current vcrv nds thnt lie off Lape Koi- (j|ieeti Charlotti:'* Sound, y municnt in danger ot" h- the rocks, but alter hivn ^ cable, the fliip was brought not more than two cables cmaincd, beinc; obligtii ut wliich did not till after mid- morjiing, on the "th, wf 1 breeze with a tide of e'au rcighc with great fwiftiid>. Itreight lies betsvcen Cjpc •maroo, the diftance bctwan vc leagues. The length ut cteriTime. In paifing it, wc north-eUl (horc, lor on this . Cape Tierrawittc lies in 41 dci]. 1 i iit^. 4 1 Im'm.. 'i".'.xri, \o ■jsiiitn tSpr. s.ook gavc the nmc ot Ciipc Saunders, in Iwiiour of Admiral Saun- ilfTS. We kept off from the (bore, which ajspcared to !* in:trfiserfed with trees, and covered with green hills, kt '10 inhabitants were feen. >lcvertl whales and feals were feen on the 4th of .Mi-chi and on the 29th wc faw a Icilge of rocks, and kfl after another ledge at three league* dirt.mce from v.c (hore, which wc palTed in the night to the north- mrd, and at day-bn-ak obfcrved the others under our Iws, svhich was a fortunate efcape-, and in confidera- ;■ .1 of their having bcxri fo nearly caught among thefe, r--\ were denominated the Traps. We ..died the ij.:hfrn-mort point of land, tlie South Cape, and found ;r ;o be the fouthem extremity of the whole coaft. Frcceedinp northward, the next day we fell in with a barren rock about fifteen miles from the main land, «huh was very high, and appeared about a mile in ucamfcrencci Solander's Ifland was the name gave it. We difcovercd, on the I jth, a bay containing fevcral iflands, where we concluded if there was depth of water, (hipping might find fhelter from all winds. Dufky Bay wa.s the appellation given to it by the captain, and live hij;h peaked rocks, for which it was remarkable, nufed the point to be called Five Fingers. The wef- icrmoft point of the land 115-011 the whole craft, to the Kiuthwardof Dufky Bay, wc called Weft Cape. The ncit day we paflixl n fmall narrow opening, where thoui;ht to Ik a part of the piuthern contiiK'ir, w. ;.:t many have fo eagerly fuu:?ht. They :».re (ituat;; be- tween the J4th ar:d .;!j ilci.'. of fomii l.itituJ.-, ?.nd between 181 deg. and H)a dei:. weft lon-jititdc. Tht; northren ifland is cilled Kahienomauwce, ami t"i2 fouthern is named Tovy I'oenanivK) by the nariven. The former thout'h nioiint:u.nous in foiiK" place', is ftored with woo-/ kaving Booby Ifland, we had 'aqf-t airs ti I five o'clock, when ir fell calm, ..nd we can<» to an anchor in eitjitt fathom "atrr, with a ft)ft fandr iitfofri. On Friday the -41*1, foon after thr anrhor was wrijrhed, we gor under I."!, fleering N. VV. an.t in a few hoiiis one of tie boats a-head mad'- thr fig:ul for fhoal- water We inft .ntly brought t)ie fhip to, with all lier fails (landing, and a fiirvey bein^ taken of the r< i around her, it was found that (lie had met with an- other narrow efcape, as (he was almofi eiuc mpafTeJ witli (hoals, and was liKiwift lb fitu.tcd between them, that Ihe mufl have ftruck belorc the boat's irew h 1 made the ficnal, if Ihc had been half rne lrn)ffh of' a cable on eir'icr fide. In the afternoon we made {m\ with the ebb tide, an 1 s', had i;nd no Jncrcafe in its conrhidrd they could b' at no great diftanie, und js t th;(k wo'A came down within a hundkcTyardiof the! water, we profeeded with ^atirion, rh-jt our retreat to the b'laf migh' n»)t f« cut off. We w.ilked by the fijf 1 of tiir wood, and rame w a grove of cocoi-nut trcc<, not far (tDin which was a (ncd, t,r hut, which had ' hern covered with leaves, and neirit l.iy a ntmiberof I frelli fliclls of rhr fruit. At a fmall diHance fiomthu] 1-1 ue We found ptaintains; ir.J having now advanced ;.l'out a qii.rter of a 11 ilc irom tlie boat, three Indians uirtied out of rhc wood with a hideous IhoOt, ai .,bowder, but made no reporf; and the orli(,r two threw their lances at us. No lime was to Iv loft J we difch.irged our pieces, loaded with fmall (hot only . which we miagine they did not (tcl 1 for, with- out retreating, th«7 caft a third d^ift : *t therefore no* h-a.ied with ball, .irtd firfd a fccond tlrnc. It is prt>- hable fome of thtm svcre'tlrounded, as they all took to t!eir hefis wirh great .iffiHify. We im|Toved this in- n.val, in wM'' '''<■ dellru«ion of the natives WIS no I' ngir nerefrity ' / our owti .lefcnre, and whh all ex pei'itK n Returned to o'"- t>oat. In tlie It/f wf ptr- cr I v^ I (iynal? on hoard, ore Indlani wtrt totr'ng down n a body; and fi I <• gor into the water, we perceived fryeti\ of tin m coming round a point tt the di(tanre of ahf^uf fve hundred y«r.< When rhejr Taw 1-* they halted, and ftemed to Wait - ir fm:n Mf (honld jointhcni. They continued in "..■fftatior, *iil' out givipg us any iinefriiptioii, while we enieretl thf water, and waded toward the b'Mf Wr now fi' k a vir w of thcni at our kifuie. They jii»4« H.uuh tJ;e Amc ap fcoOK-'s FIRST VOYAG uncc as the New Hollander.'!, . llature, and having their , vere alfo like ilitin Hark 1 .'ihcywere Ihouting at a diil (tires, which Ic'i uud to he di htofllick) pronahly a hollow c; Tiav>, produced fire and finokt f,„',iil'qiict. The crew on boa gL appearance, ami tliought Tliolc who went out 111 the llofthcin, fired (imie mulqui. jIj of which being heard h) .1 1'lic trees, they retired very ,|t In ti'.e boat returned to the L'li-c lances that had been thro> orrc made of a reed, or hanr I'tkiih were of hard wood, ai They were lii»ht, ill made, Tlii.i place is in latiuide 6 d ccoallof this country is low J luxuriance of woiKland her! itnautiliil. The cocoa-nut, hi jiici', all lloiiridicd hcie in tlu ij!t, moll of the trees fliriili.s, jfiiiu" the South Sia illaiids. ilic 3d, we iiiadi- fail to the lio Ipeiul noinoie lime iipoii l(h Saturday die 8fh, we palli biifwhith Capt. Cook would ha konlyii'i falhoin water, the >;roir yilx»iii>iribk' i for it having become high- »it(r ill ilie interim, the ebb tiJe rulhcd through it «ith amazing impctuufuy, canyuig the (hip about a quarter of a mile from thr reef, and Ihc foon reached the dil'arte of near two itnles, ' , the help of the boats. When i;.< rbb tnk was fpfM, ■>'■ tide of Hood again ry on the iiiain land '"light, was denominated Cape Weymouth, and a bay ""r it Weymouth Bay. Oiuhe 1 8th, wc tiifcoverrdfcveral fmall iilands, /-lii:!! were called Forbcs'.s Iflauids, and h,u' a l)j/;ht of a lii^li point uf Uod on the main, which was named the liult Head, On the 19111, wc difcovcred fevcr.d other fi'iall 'lands, the land of whicii was low, l'«rrcn, and fandy. •\ (Joint was feen, and called Cape GrcrviUc, and a bay Hhich took the name of Temple Bay. in the afternoon ^"11; other iduids were feen, which w^rc denominated Bird IHes, from their being frequented by nuriierous norkj of birds. On the Jt^ch many irore I'mall ill.inds ^'rr feen, on one of which were a few trees, and itverai III Jivi huts, fuppofed to iuvc been crciHcd by the natives of the main land, as temporary habitations during their vifit to thefc iflands. On the 21ft wc failed through a channel, in which was a number of flioalsi and gave rhe name of York Cape to a point of the main land which forms the fide of the channel. A large bay is formed to the fouth of the cape, which was called Ncwcaftic Bay, and in which are fevcral little iflands ; on the north-fide of the cape the land is rather mountainous, but the low parts of the country abound with trees j the iflands difcovcred in the morning of this day, were called York Ifles. In the afternoon we an- cliored between fome iflands, and obferved, that the channel now began >o grow wider 1 we perceived two diftant points, bccwt?n which no land could be feen, fo that the hope of ha' ing at length explored a palfage into the Indian Sea, began to animate every bread ; but, to bring the matter to a certainty, the captain took a party, and being accompanied by MefTrs. Solander and Banks, they landed on an ifland, on which they had feen a number of Indians, ten of whom were on a hill, one of them carrying a bow and a bundle of .irrows, the red .irmcd with lances ; aud round the necks of two of thcin hung ftrings of mother of pearl. Three of thefc Indians Hood on flio. .-, as if to oppofc the landing of the boar, but they retired before it reached the beach. The captain and his company now alcended a hill, from whence they had a view of near forty miles, in which fpar- 'here wa.s nothing that threatened to oppofe their pal; .:; , fo that the certainty of a channel (icemed to be almoU indubitable. Previous to ihcu leaving the ifland, Capt. Cook dil'playcd the Eiiglifli colours, and took pol- lirflion of all the eallern coall of the country, from tlic J 8th deg. of S. latitude to the prefent fpot.^by the name of New Scutli Wales, for his foveieign the King of Great Britain : and three volleys of fmall arms being fired, and anfwcred by an equal number from the En- deavour, the place received the name of PuHclTion Ifland. The next morning we law three naked women collcdling fhtll-fiih on the beach ; .uid weighing anchor, gave the name of Cape Cornwall to the extreme point of the largell ifland on the north -wefl; fide of the paf- fage : fome low iflands near the middle of the channel receiving the name of Wallis's Ifle -, foon after which the fliip came to an anchor, .md the long-boat was fcnt out to found. Towards evening wc (ailed ;igain, and the capum landed with Mr. Banks, on a (mall ifland which was frequented by imnenlc numbers of birds, the majority of which being boobies, the place re- ceived the name ol Booby Iflund. \\ c were now ad- vanced to the northern extremity of New Holland, and had the fau*Lctiun of viewing the open fea to the wc/lward. To the padage we had l^iiled through, Capt. Cook gave the name of t'.ndeavwiir Streights. . New .South Wales is a much larget country than any hitherto known, and not deemed a continent, being larger tlian all I'urcpc, which is proved by the I'.rideavoqr's having coallcd iiivrt than :uoo Atikes, even if her tract were re- duced to a firait line. Northward of the latitude of ;jj deg. the country is h . y, yet not mountainous j but to the fouthwaid of tha, ..tiiudc, it ismollly low and even ground. flic hills 'i gci^rval are diverfiH d by lawns and wood ^, and maty utihcivalUys abound with her t>age, though, on tic y«hulek it cannot b« deemed a lertik country, It does not apMai to be inhabited by ntimbers any way propoitKHtrd toils gicM extent i not above thirty bcin^ ' K ' ueii togcihcr btit once, which was when tliol' of boili lexts anil all ages got together on :i rock off I'uiany Bay, to view the lliip. None of their viU la(//s confiUcd of more huts thun would «fl"ord Ihelier for fourteen or Uftern i^cii, ^nd theic were the largcfl numbers rhat were aflt'iii|jl«»I with a view to nttack us. No part «4 the country, appeared to be Cultivated, whence thnc mud neccllarily be (ewer inhabitants or» the inland parts than on the fea-coull. The men .tie well made of the middle fize, and aiilive, in a high degree; but their voices arc loft, < vuji to »:(l'cmlnaty. Their colour is chocolate » but day were in Covered with dirt, as (o look almolV ^s tilack as ttcgroes. Their liair i" naturally Ipni^ tind black, but they comnionly S - . cropped f roi i ^ , , I, ,- p-^^— ^^— — — ^^— ^^^^— ^— ^^— . ■ — [cook's first VOYAGE— for making Difcovcries in t':e South Seas ts. Round the World. 73 fc as the New Hollanders, being nearly of the , ilaiure, ami having ilirir liair Ihort (Topped. , vere alfo like vhein Hark naked. Duri;ij> this !'il)cy were flioiiting at a diilanco, ami letting off (liivs, which leiini'.l to !)e dilcliarged by a lliort Li)l llick, prooably ;i hollow cane, this being fwung iiJV'i prodiiecd fire and finokc like that oeealioned iiiuiiijiiet. The crew on board the (liip faw this ml appearance, and tliought the natives had (ire- ' Tliole who went out in the boat, and had rowed Jofthein, fired fonie inufquefs above their heads, rjglls of which being heard by the natives rattling jiMiic trees, they retired very dclibe/ately, aiid our jric in (lie boat returned to the (hip. Upon exainin- L'i!-c lances that had been thrown at us, we foinid ,»crc made of a reed, or bamboo cane, the points lihih were of bard wood, and barbed in many They were light, ill made, and aiwut four feet Tins place is in latitude 6 deg. 15 min. S. The ccwfl of diis country is low land, but covered •a luxuriance of wood and herliiigc beyond deferip- (kautiiiil. The eoeoa-nul, bre;id-fruit, and plan- jiicf, all llourilhcd hcie in the higli( II perleClion, t.h molt of the trees flniibs, and pl.ints, that aie (jfiiiuo the South Sia illaiids. This day, Monday, bi. iIk" S'li we made fall to the wellward, being re- liolpcnd i\oinore time upon this < oaft. f(b Saturday ihe 8th, wc palli-d two finyll illands, on M?\ihlih Capt. C'uok would have landed, but hav- foiilvii'" fjihoni water, the ground being ^lii) rocky, ijiix »iiul blowing frelh, we might have endangered kaifi) 1)1 the (hip. We now failed at a niodcraie ji'liiext nioriung at ihivi- o'clock; after which we ;i(i;;roiind with 120 (athoins. Before noon we il!{lii iif laml, which was conjeclun'd to Ik- either \h<.\w Kkinds, or Tnnor I.arKl. We were now in iHlcgdrg. 37 min. S. and in longitude a'jj deg. Lm. \V. We (lood ort" and on iluiing the night, ii,;n Wcdnef lay the ijdi, wl- (aw a number ol (ires ;:»i|.',iii f>'\eral places, (Vom whence it wa< con- tjn.utut the plate was well peopled. The land and kkT7i.. hcni'^now very (light, wc continued in light ( T ;'!aii(l lor two daysi when it w.isobllrved that t i.aclkd in many places oiiite to the lea-coal), and \c\ ihji wJi no! tiie cafe, iliere were large and noble tiTittfthc cocoa nut tree, which ran;'' out a mile up ".my. at which ililtance great numbers of boule^ t-'ifflUtiiMiswere Ic-en ; yet neither naiivis nor cattle |ifrnned, which was thought a very extruordi- Miviiinn mic. [('iiIk' 16th, wi VjiA (igbt of the little ifland called i , ami the fumi' day law the illand Seiiiau, at a |*'iili him fiich things as it wa.s iboiight might be (;|X4li|( ii, the natives.— Dining Mr. (Joie'i ab- i . ill! people (II) boaril faw two men on borfeback «ilii liilh, who frecpiently (lopped 10 take a view [WvtlTi'l. Tht li< ufenant (iion relumed with an ac H iliai Ik- had entered a little covr, near which t'laim !• iiifesi that fcv..il men advanc ul and in- "'"' i'> land; and that iltey conveilid togcilier a.* couU! by fijjn^. lleiinorte'i fl,gr tmfe pco y like the M.!l.iy s, butn in peil'jn and drefs; if). and lijid that they had no other arms but a knife which each of them wore in his girdle. The lieutenant not being able to find any place in which the (hip might co'.ie to an anchor, he was dil'- patched again with in' u^y aiul goods t>) buy liich ne- ceHJiries as were immediately wanted for the lick. f)r. .Solander attended the lieutenant, and during their ab- fence, the ihip (food on and olF the fbore. Soon alter the boat had put off, two other horlemen were feen from the fhip, one of whom had a laced hat on, and was dred'ed in a coat and waillcoat, of the falliion of Europe. Tlufe men rode about on Ihore taking litdc notice of the boat, but regarding the (I'.ip with the \ii- mofl attention. As (ijon as the boat reaehed the (iioie, fome other perfons on horfebai k, aiul many on focjt hadened to the (pot, and it was obler\ed iliat dmie co- coa-nnt.s were put into the boat, Imm whence it was concluded, that a trallic had conmienced with the na- tives. A (igiial benig made Iroin the boat that tiie (hip might anchor in a bay at fome dillante, ihe imme- diately jiore away (or it. When tlio lieutenant c;.iiic on board, be k ported, that he could not pmeliafe any co- coa-nuts, as the owner of them wasableut, and thai wlvit he bad brouglil were given him. in riluni for which he had prelled the n.ilives with (();ne liiKn. When t!ie (hip had entered the bay, in the evening, according to the directions reciived, an l!idi;ni town was feen at a diltaiui'; and upon which a jack w;is hoilled 01) the fore-top-inalt head, preleiiil) aiieiwarils three gnus were fiied, atid Dutch colours were hoifUd in the town; the (iiij), however, held on her way, and (ame to an anchor at liveii in tlie ev.niiig. The c( - lour.s Ixing Ken hoilied on the beadi the next innrning, tiie captain concluded, tiiat the Dutch had a liitletneiit on the illand, he therefore dilpatihed die fceoiui lieu- tenant to actniaiiit tlie governor, or other principal re- (ident, who tliey were, aiid that the flii[) had put in for necellary refrelhments. 1 he lieulenani ha\ ing l.iniied, he was received by a kind of guard ol fomeihing more than tweniv Indii'ns, armed with mulipui:, who aiier they had taken down lliv n colours fiom the l'e;i( h, pro- ((iik'i.! Aithout the lealt military order; and thus el' coited him to the town, where the colours had been hoilled the preceding evening. 'I'he lieutenant was now coiuhuied to the Raja, or king of th.c illand, to whom, by means of a Portngnefe intertirei r, be made known his biil'iiefs. The R.ija faid. tv. s ready to fupplythe (hip witli the neccdaiy refri Ihmens, but il;. t \\: could not trade with any other people than the Dull h, with whom 111 was in alli.mce. wiihcnit having fiilt olitaineti their conlent ; he added, bowi-ver, that be Would make applit.iiion to the Duich agent, who was the only wliiie man amon' t!uin. T'o \\\\> agent, whole name was I.ange, and who proved to be die pel • ItMi that was III 11 from die Ihip in the l'.nr(>i><.an ilii I's, a leti<'r was difpaiched. and in a lew hours he came in die town, behaved politely lo the lieuleiuint, and told him he might buy wh;u he thouuht piopei of the inha- bitants of the illand. 'ibis oiler In ing (reely* made. ..nd readily ac epted, the Raja and Mr. f.ange intimau d their widies to go omIxkikI thi Ihip, and that twoof the Ik-tat's crew niiglii b^ left as hollages for their (ii(e retni n, liie lieiitrnaiUgiaiibed them in both tlufe ri(juells, iiiid took thein on lK)ard jnll before ilinner was (ei\(d. li was thoU), and the only on'' we had lelt was pielinied vt mm. f>Vhca lliev came upon deik. r ' il ev r \ '. } ': Mi ', ■ft' : t t *- i '«'.■■■ :l ii' '-\ ■',■ 'f 1 f] i:. t.'h %d.i i If' ?f! m *' ill W I % ■an 76 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 'If- I ' 'I fu, tV.i'v \vcrc irccivod in the fame manner as when tiny cume a!)oai(l, l)v ilie marines under arms ; and the Ra- ja expiellini- a delire to lee them exereile, hiscuriofity w.is ^raiilied. \\'ednelday the 19th, in the mornini^, Capt. Cook, nitinfied In' le\ eral gentlemen, went on (liore to letinn il;r Rcijas vilit; but ilie |)rineipal inicntion was to pur- ehale llie cattle and lo\vl>, which they had heenailnied the piecediiij; day Ihould i)c driven iloun to the beach. W'e were meiillv elnii'rined at (indin;^ no flips had been taken to fnliil this ])roinile : however, we proceeded to the luiiire ot ailend)ly, whicit, with a few odier iioiil'e.s I)iiili In the Dutch Kail-India Company, ate diflimnilli- (d IVoiii the rell, bv havin>^ two pieces ol wood, releni- Min^ a pair oi cows horns, iixcd at each end oi the tool. /\l the houl'e ol allembly we law .\ir. l.aMi;e and the R.ija, whole n.nne was A Mailocha I.oiiii Hjara, Inr- loimded by in.Mn of the principal people; Capt. Cook li.i\ iM'.; nilonncd them, that he had loaded his boat with Sor, near which llond a man with water in a \e(l(.l, made ol the lea\es ol the lan'|i.ihii, whoi'.Hilhd us in walhing our hands. I his done we ritiiiiied 10 our places and expetled the king. 1 hiv- ing wailed fonie time, we cnqiiiicd the realon ol his ahlence, and were inlormed that the pi'iloii whoga\e ii;e enlcitaiiinunl ne\er partook of 11 with his giiells. When dinner was elided, the wine palled biilkly, and we iuNJled die Raja to drink willi i|s, hill he .ig.iin ex- t tiled hiiiilill, la\ing, the man who er.tii tamed his piiells flioiild never gvt ilriiiik wiih tlieui. We (ImI not drink our wme ai the place where we bad (lined; aixl the remains ol die dininrwe left to the Icameii and Icr- \.inis, who in.incdiali Iv look our places. Mr. I.ange, the Saxon nuuhniaii. now Ix gan to communicate to u> (he coiilenis ol die Idler, whkli he pretended to ha\e rcci n ed lioin die go\i riior of Concoidia, and wheicin he laid, inllii.f lions weie given, th.tt il the llnp llioiild (ouch at ilii> illand, anil be in want of provilionv, (he flionld he fiipiiicd; but lie wa.s not to permi; iiet lo iini.iin longer ihan was necelfdrj' ; nor wire any large ]ireleni> 10 b,- iiiadi tothe natives ol low rank, nor lobe ( v ( II li it w i;li till u liiperiors to lie di\ idi d ;,inoiig them alKr the fhip I'.ad laded; hut he added, any iiilliii); < iMliliei reiei\ed In mi the Indians might be acknow Jedgid hv a pull lit III Iliads, or other artiiles of \eiy fmall vafiie. Il is probable thai the whole ol this flois was a liition ; and that by prei hiding our hbi raliiy m the natives, the Saxon Dutchman hoped moie ealilv to fh.iw al! the pri lints ol any value inio hi- own pocket. On Tlmrfiiay the '.icih, Dr. Soiander wiiit again on flioie with Capi. ( onk, and while the lormer went up til (he town to (peak ioI.ain,e, the taptuin n maiiied in the luach with a view of pun hiiliiig piovilions. Ilerc he iiiel with (he old Indian, who, as he ap|>ear<'dti) have foinr aiitIiorit\, we had amon;{ out (elves ddliii",iiilliC(l F)y the name of the I'lime Miniiler. In ordi 1 to en- j^iige this man in our iiiiereft, the capiain prefeiucd hi-n with a fpsiiig glafs but oiilva liiiull bulliilo was dlf iiii lobe iiiltl. Ihepiice wa.s live '.'uiiic.i . 1 iilyiwi.' lis Kal lalue. iiircCi Ix^'vcvcr, wtrt oil u .1. wluihtlie di aler thought a good price ; but faid he umf[ jr J the king widi what had been bid helore he cci'l 11 the bargain. A iiicili ugcr was innnediately dilh.J to the Raja, and on his icluiii brought woid ir I lei's than live guineas would be taken fur th'cb' fl The captain abfolutely leiufed to give tin; j | manded, wiiich occalioiied the lending awaval f mellenger, ^nid during his aljfeiice. Dr. Solan; r I lien coining from the town, followed by above = I died men, fome of whom were armed with in'ii ] and oiheis with lances. Upon enquiring iii«, d,^. iiig of this hollilc appearance, the doctor iii(i,nut the |)uiport of a mellage luiiu the king was, acciJ to .\lr. I.ange's iiiteipielalion, that die peoil;. ,, not tiade wuh us bccaule we h;; 1 rehifed toon,. more than hull the vahr- for their cimimoduit ., that we were not 10 i xjiei t permillion to trade u^A terms longer than this day. f A naiive of '1 niior, whofe parents were Ponu J came down with iliisparlv, and delivered to tlic caj wliul wa< picleiidid 10 lie the order ol the Ka , which was 111 Uibllaiice the lame ihal Laiige lujiij'i Soiander; but it was afterwards dilmveu J ihii ||,.l was a conlident of Laiige', in the fchciue iif imoJ The Kn..,lilii giniKiiKii had at tiie I'aiiu; tunc 110, but that the luppoled order of the Raja wjvj^,, anee of thefe lui 11, and while lliey weie dt'lmimii |.^ ad III this ciiiaal coiijuuUuie, anxious to liniiuiii to a Ijicedy illiie, the I'oitugucfe beg.ni to (l^^ Inch ol Ilie natives as had bioU'.;hl palii; (i; ■ lowN III Icll, and oll.ers who were now hiin .", ' and bullaliK's to die niaiket. At this |uii(ij/, ( Cook hdiipeiiing til look .it the old in in ul,o \\- I dillingiiiflied bv the name of prime iiuiiillir, \i„ ,. that he law in his features a diiajipio'iiutinii of n, 1 lent proceedings; and, willing to im|irove ilic tage, he gialped the Indian's hand, and gave him ^J liroadlwoid. This well limed prefciit priiiliiccil i| gooililktts tl'.at could he wilhed: the jiriaic w.:s enr.ipiuied at l«) hoiMiiiahle a maik ol da and biaiidilhing f.is Iwoid over the l:c.:d ul ,i,c| IKitincnt I'ortuguele, l.e m;:de bodi him iimiaiiail comiiKinded the paiiy, lit do\»u l;rliiiid hiin nnl ground. The whole buliiiels was iinvi acioiiiiii.i ihe natives, lyer to hipply whaiiver vioa u., brought their cattle i-' lor lale, and .he nuA 1 I'oon Hocked. For ihe liift two bufTaliiCi, ('ip;. (j gave ten guineas: bin he afurwards putihifuiiin way of (xihanue, giving a inufquet lor cjih, „ij this late he might have bought any niiniU'r !';■ il;.„ pio|ier. '1 lu le remained no ditnlii hui dui Lih c| a piolit Dili ol'tlie two that weie lold; aiidihull;^ Ion liir having (aid the natives would lake iidi' ,• gi'hl liir iheir caiile, was, dial lie iiu^hi the iivi\ Oiare in the produce. C;;pt. Cook puicli.ile'i i natives of t!,!. diand iiiine hiindied ;;4lliiii.M)l , I) nip. a fiiiull qu miiiv of g.iilick, a larm; umx. eggs, lomi' limes and lotoa nuts, thiriv dozi'ii u! iiJ till ee hogs, fix Iheep, and nine bunal.ies. \\c obtaincii ihele neceli'ary articles, now prc'|ia(cdl ing Iroin this place. The illaiiil of Savii is riiiated in lodeg, 3,5 iImI latitude, and ;; jj deg. j? mill, W. Iiiiiuiiiiui.- length is between (wei;iy and thirty inilis. i. Iinadih C.ipt. Cook loiild not .iicitidn, as he iv' ihe uoilh lidi- of it. 'I'lie ha'!i.iur ill wllidl li. lay, vvj lalleil Seljd, fioiH i diilrie) of the cvu ('•iiotniiiNit'.'i '. and ihcu ate two oih.-i \t»y <■■ Cii laris ol ihi illund. The rains in uas u i'l .Maiih or Aiiiil, nnd fall iuaei in * November. »o m»a renaikalilc and ulefal tree tlwt c ill. illund «* the iuii pdm, hi ufi s an fi il n iitiij* pcrtioiUi lUtiitc .A; • aiiii luvK lu'.. nil I'tr *^l oUwr iuvd both to u.«ii -^r . A I rnkmi COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Sau-Sx. Round the World. 77 /^Icind of wine, called toddy, is cxtraifled from this .j^_ by cutting the buds, and tvinj.'; under them fmall ba(k«Si made of the leaves. The juice which trickles into thefe vclFels is collcded morning and evening, and isthccommon drink of all the inhabitants. The na- tives call this liquor dua or duac, and both the fyrup ami fugai", gula. The fyrup is not unlike treacle, but is fonu-what ttuckcr, and has a more ap;rceablc tafte. Tiic flip*'' '**'* * rcdilh brown, probably the fame with Aj, jugata fugata fugar upon the continent of India, jnd toourtafte it was more agreeable than any cane fil- ler unrcfmcd. We at full: apprehended that the fy- L,'^ of which fonic of our people cat great quantities, ,j,JlJ have oicafioncd Huxcs, but what cffict it pro- duced w'as rather filutary than hurtful. 'This fyrup is uffd to fatten hogs, dogs, and fowls; and the inhalii- tants thcmftlvcs have fublifted upon this atoni- liir fc- vcralnwnths, when other crons have failed, and ani- Pil food has been fcarce. With the leaves of this [-fcthc natives thatch their houG.s, and nnike balkots, cjps, umbrellas and tobacco-pipes. They make Icall jcoounr ul the fruit, and as the buds are woundeil for ihcuuic or todily, rlv-c is very little produced. It is rMrlv iif the (i/.c of a full grown turnip ; and the (iaiK-lsuuilV he eaten before it is ripe, otherwife they jrilbhanl, th it the teeth will nor penetrate them. \s fire-uood is very fcarce, the natives, by the fol- Irtiii)'' method, make a very little anf«er the ends ol (oiikcn anddilHllarion. A hollow is ikig underground, like a rablMt burrow, in a hori/.ontal direction about tnoviiulsloii;.^, with a hole at each end, one of \\\w\\ h Urge, and tlie other fmall. 'I'hc fire is put in at the lar"eliii!e, and the fmall one fervcs for a draught. C'lr- (,il",rhoU.i arc made through the earth w hu h covers ths rnitv, on .vliich are fct earthen pot--, larije in tlie i,,;jjle, and funller towards the bottom, ll) that the lite acls ufKin a large part of the furface. 'I'hey con- uin generally about eight or ten gallon-, each, ami it ib fjrpniing to fee with what a fmall quantity of fuel they la- kept boiling. In this maimer they boil all iheir Tiduals, and make all their U nip and fugar. The IV- n:M,\n Indians have a contrivance of the fame kuul ; siil ixrhaps by thr jKior in other countries it might be iJnHtid with advantage. ill this idand lioth fcxcs arc cnflavcd by the pcrni- c:iwi rultoMi of chewing beetle andar( uliuh is advlcd freiiucntly a fmall quantity of to- bu,'.>, wluicby their mouths are rendered difguflhil Uii'i to the fight and the fmell ; for the tobacco in- Jo,4 ilieir hreath, and the beetle and lime make the tatli N'lh black ini\ rotten. We law many of txtth ',.\c; whofe lore teeth were confumed, irregularly, al- ii, ill ili)«nto the guiivs, and corroiled like iron by rull. T'i;< lol's of teeth has generally bcenattributcil to the l,Ki|;li llringy coat of the arcca nut; but our gentlemen nnniied u wholly to the lime; for the ttcth are not UiVncd 01 broken, as might he the cafe by chewing o| \.\u\ and rough fubllaii.is but the\ are gra»lually »aleJ, as even metals arc h\ [lowerful acids ; and thcv I'.iv not bv m'lhkcn who fupt^ifc that fugar has a Iwd t1>\t upon tf \'th of Uumpeans, feting refined fii- p i voniains a ^' nftikrnble ouaniity of lime, and it is V 'I known, \^M lii'.iC will dellroy Iwne of" any kind. When th. . .ec at any time not chewing hieile \\ „v - icn are fmokni,-,. 'I he manner of 1 L;t^> •"l>) n>liing up a fiv ill iiuantity of tnhacto, srl'iutting it intoofte eiul oi a tube, about lix inches ionu, as thiik as a goofe quill, and made of a jwliii- li.it. 'I'hc w< ncn In paniculai «erc obforved to I'waU le.wthefniol- . . Til • ifland is divided into uvc diftrirts or nigrecs, '4,h of which is [ warned by a Raja. Thefe arec.ilf .1 i. Scha, Rcgeciia, Timo, ami Mnifara. We ivent it at Scha, and found a Raia that giiverncd with ' lokitc authof'T' . He "«u about live and thirty, and ihe inoll rorpulint if\an we h.id fccn upon the whole iilimt. But thoii;ih he ^crned with an unlimited juilioriiy, he took vcr> iUllc '.gal iK'jnp uiion him. No. ^. He was direi5t"d almoft implicitly by Mannu Djarmc, the old man, his prime minifter, already men- tioned ; yet notwithftanding the power with which he was inverted, he was imivcrfally beloved, a fure proof that he did not abiife it. Mr. L;mgc informed Capt. Cook, that the chiefs w h.i had fucccdivrly prefided over the five principalities of this ifland, had lived for time immemorial in the moft cordial friendfliip with each other; yet, he faid, the people were of a warlike dif- polition, and iiad always couiagcoully defended thcm- fclves againft foreign inviders. We «erc told alfo, that the inhabitants of the ifland could raife, on a (liort no- tice, 7, joo fighting men armed with mufqucts ; of which number Laai -.vas faid to furnifh 2,600, Scba 70OO, Regccua r,coo, Timo 800, and MafTara 400. H;"lides the arms already mentioned, each man is fur- nillied u ith a large mafiy pole-ax, which, in the hands of people who have courage, mufl he a formidable weapon. In the ufe of their lances thefe people are faid to be fo expert, that they can pierce a man through the heart at liAty or feventy yards diftancc : yet the Raja had always lived at peace with his neighbour:;. This account of the maitial prowtfs of the inhabi- tants of Savu may be true ; but during our fiay we faw no appearance of it. of a hill, and fome of them wcrc of fu. h an enofiiious fizc that it was amazing by what means thcM could have been ^^^ught tliiihcr ; nor could any iufcv- maiion on this hiad be obiaiuvd fioiu the natives: U thefe it : , ) '■ ;i*)i;'' •i!' . .' 1 'n 78 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. m ' ( I'i' tlicfe luoiiunicnt.s, however, indicated that for a feries ofgenerations, the ifland had been regularly eovemed. — When a Raja dies, proclatnation is made that all thofc who have been his luhjecls lliall hold a folenm fcflival. On this they proceed to the hill where thcfe ftoncs arc erected, anil foall for feveral weeks, killing all the ani- inals that fuit their pur^xjft-, wherever they can be found, in order to furnilh the treat, which is daily ferved up on the monumental ftoiics. When they have thus cxhaulTed their whole ftock, they are conn- pelled to keep a faft ; and when the f'eaft happens to end in the dry fcafon, when they cannot get vegetables to cat, they have no other fubliflance than the palm fy rup and water, till the few animals which have efcajK-d the general maflacre have bred a fullicient number for . a freih fupply, except the adjacent dillrict happens to be in a condition to relieve them. The natives of Savu have an inftrumcnt with which they clear the cotton of its feeds ; it is about feven inches in height and fourteen in length. They have alio a machine with which they fpin by hand, as was the cuHom before the invention of fpinning wheels in Europe. The inhabitants of this ifland were in general robuft and healthy, and had every mark of longevity. The fmall fxjx, however, is a diftempcr with which they arc acquainted, and which they dread as much as a peflilcnce. When any perfon is attacked by it, he is carried to a fpot at a dillancc from the houfcs, where his 1(kh1 is conveyed to him by means of a long Hick, as no one dares to venture near him, .Abandoned by all his friends, he is there left to live or die as it may happen, without being admitted to any comforts of the community. The Fortuguefe vcn,- early vifitcd this ifland, on which they ellablilhed a feitlemcnt, but foon after they were fucceeded by the Dutch, v ho without for- niaily taking pollclTion of the place, fcnt a number of tradin-;; vefl'cls in order to eHablilh a commerce with the natives. Mofl of the Dutch purchafcs, it is fup- poffil, are confined to a fupply of provifions for the Spin-lflaiuis, the inhabitants of which breed but a liiiall numbti of cattle. The Dutch I£all India Com- jiany made an agreement w ith the feveral Rajas of the iilaiuis, diar a quantity of rice, maize, and callavancos ihould be annually fiirnifhed to their people, who, in return, were to fupply the Rajas with lilk, linen, cut- Irry wares, and arrack. Ccrtam fmall ved'els, each having on board ten Indians, are lent from Timor to brmg away the mai/.e and callavances, and a fhipthat biings the aitiilrs furniflied by the Dutch, receives the ri^e on Iniard once a year ; and as there are three bays on ihis foaf\, this velFel anchois in each of them in tiiin. The Dutch articles of commerce are accepted bv the Rajas as a prefcnt j and they and their chief' at- tendants dunk of the arrack without intcmullion till It IS cxhautled. It was in the agreement above-mentioned that the Rii;a>i lh|)ul>tevl, that a Dutch rcfident Ihould be con- ftantly on the illand. Accordingly this l.angc, whom «i have mentioned, was feiu thither in that cap;ti ity, Aiul a loit of adiltant with him, whole father was a Portuguele, and his mother a lutivc of Timor, with one Iritlciic Craij-, whoft father was a Dutchman, and hit mother an Indian. Mr. I^ngc vifits the Raja in Hate, attended by lilty flavcs on horfe-batk, and if ihe ( rops art ripe, j.u-Jcrs velfcl to convey them immcvli- atilv to Tinun. (i) that they arc not even hoiifrd ujwn the ill;uj»f. tt IS likewife part of his bulineft tupcrfuade flu- landholdf ri to plant, if he ixrrceivi'i (hat they arc baikward in that paitmilar. i"his rclidiiu had been ten years on the illaiul, whri\ the Endeavour touched I here, during all whu h time he had not fccn any white pertotu, cKcept thofe who came annually in the Dutch videl, to cany off the rice, as above mentioned. He was married to a native of Timor, and lived in the fame iiutnncr a* the natives of S«\u, uhofe language he ljx)ke better than any (uhn. He fat on the ground III c the Inviiann, and < luwed betlc, and feemcd in esxry tiling to refcmblc them, except in his complexion aitd the drefs of his country. As to Mr. Craig, his af- fillant, he was employed in teaching the natives to write and read, and inUrucling them m the principle of Chriftianity. Though there was neither clcrgynuii nor church to be fcen upon the ifland, yet this Mr Craig averred, that in the townlliip of Scba only, there were 600 Chriflians: as to the religion of thofe who have not embraced'Chrirtianity, it is a peculiar fpccics of Paganifin, every one having a god of hisown, fomc! what after the manner of the Cciiiies heretofore men- tioned. Their morality, however, is much purer than could be expected from fuch a people. Robberies are fcarcely ever committed. Murder is unknown anions them ; and though no man is allowed more thjn ono w ife, they arc Grangers to adultery, and almoft fo to the crime of limple fornication. When any difputcs arifc between the natives, the determination of the Raja ^ decilivc and fatisfaiitory. Somcobfcrvations were made u|ion the language of the natives, by the gentlemen while the vcfk-l lay here; and a kind of vocabulary formed, a iketch of w hich wc have here inferted ; Momonne, A wan. Mobunne, A zvoman. Catoo, Tbc IvaJ. Row catoo. Tic bair. Matta, Tlv (yes. Rowna matta, Tkv (ye-lajhcs. Swanga, T}>t iiofe. Cavaranga, Ibf c'heks. Wodcele. Ibc cart. Vaio, Tlf toiif^ue. 1 .11 oco. Thf iif'ck. Soofoo, The IrCiifts. Caboo foofov; The nipples. DuUoo, - " The telly. AfToo, The nazrl. Tooga, The ihighs. Rootoo, Ibe kiiefs. ' bailw. The legs. Dunceala, Tbtjeet. KifTovei )illa. The lofs. Camacoo, The .WIS. Wulaba. Tin kmJ. Cabaou, A buffalo. Djara, A borfe. Vavt :, A bog. Doomlia, Ajbe-p. Kefavoo, A goat. . Guaca, A dog. Maio, A cat. Mannu, A/kvL Carow, Tbetatl. Fangoutoo, The teak. lea. Alijb. Unjoo, •• A turtle. Nieu, A cocta-mU, Boaceree, Fiiii palm. CalcUa. Areca. *• C anana. Beetle. Aoii, Urn. Maanadoo, Ajf/L-booi. " Tata. Talon, or marks n Ibejlm. l.t\lo. ThejHO. VN'urroo, The nwOH. Aidaflce, The/ea. Ailea, U/'at,r. Aoe, In,: Maate. To d(t. Tabudge, « tojUtU ^ Tatce too. To r(/e. Ulfc, OMt. IJ^ua, Tuk. lullu. Three. Uppah, Fbur. LunuTic, Five. Unna, Six. Pedu, Stvn. Arru, • tUgki. Saou, S,He. S>ngooroci, I.Ui I ' "o rn !c fuch havock among them, that not .ibovc half their number remained to return to their native coun- ts, whii h th^ did as foon as a vefl'cl could be fitted ou! for them. On Friday, the a ill of September, in the morning, »e got under fail, and bent our courfe wcftward, along the north fide of the ifland of S;ivu, and of another l)ing to the wcftwaiil of it, which at noon borcS. S. li. dit'iant two leagues. At fi^Hir in the afternoon, in la- titude lodeg. ^8 min. S. and longitude 2jH dcg. iS nun. W. wt difcovered a fmall low ifland. In the tvcning M the 13J, we got clear of the iflands, and on the ihth, our latitude ny obfervation was 10 dcg. 51 min. .S. and o»ir longitude 252 deir. 11 inin. W. On the 2Sth, we ilceicd all day N. W. with a view of making the land ot Java, and on the ]oth, Capt. Cook took into his pofleflion the log>book and journals, K liid all he coulu find of the oflu ers, petty officers, and (camcn, whom he Itridly enjoineif feciccy with refpcct to where they had l)ecn. At fevcn in the even- ing wc had thunder and lightning, and about twelve by thclightof the flaflics we law the weft end of Java. On Monday, tX^bbcr the ill, at lU o'clock m ihc I morning, Java Head bore 8. E. by E, dillant five leagues. Soon after we law Prince's Ifland, and at ten Cracatoa, a remarkable high peaked illandi At noon it bore N, 40 E. diftant fcven leagtiet. On the and, we were ciofe '..i with the coaft of Java, in fifteen fathom water, along which we ftoodi In the forenoon a boat was fent afliore, in order to procure fome fruit for Tupia, who was at this time extremely ill. Our people returned with four cqcoa-nuts, and a fmall bunch of plantains, for which they had paid a fliillingi but fomc herbage for the cattle the Indians gave our feamcn, and afllftedthcm tocutit. The coun- try had a delightful appearance, being every where co- vered with trees, which looked like one continued wood. About eleven o'clock we faw two Dutch Eaft Indiamen, from whom we heard with great pleafure, that the Swallow had reached the Englifh channel in fafety, having been at Batavia about two years before. We alfo learnt, that there was ftationcd here a fly boat or packet, to carry letters, as was faid, from the Dutch fliip.s, that came hither from Batavia, but the Captain thought it was appointed to examine all fhips, that Ibould have palfed the (Ireight. We had now bcer» fome hours .it anchor, but in the evening a light breeze fpringing up, we got under fail, yet having little wind, and a ftrong current againft us, we reached no further by eight in the morning, of the 3d, than Bantam Point. W e now perceived the Dutch packet ftandi.^g after us, but the wind fliifting to the N. E. (he bore away. We were now obliged to aiichor ; which we did in twenty- two fathom water, at about two miles from the fhorc. At fix o'clock in the evening, the country boats came along fide of us, on board one of which was the maf- ter of the packet. They brought in them fow Is, ducks, parrots, turtle, rice, birds, monkeys, and other arti- cles, with an intention to fell them, but having fixed ver)' high prices on their commodities, and our Savu flock being not yet expended, very few articles were purchafed. The Captain indeed gave two dollars for twenty-five fowls, arid a Spanith dollar for a turtle, which weighed about fix and thirty pounds. Wc might alio for a dollar have bought two monkeys, or a whole cage of rice-birds. The mafter of the packet brought with him twobooks, in one of which lie de- fired of our ofticers, that one of them would write dow n the name of our fliip and commander ; the place from whence wc came; to what port bound ; with fuch other particulars relating to ourfelves, as we might think proficr, for the information of any of our countrymen who might come after ut. In the other book the maf- ter himlelf entered the names of our fliip and its Cap- tain, in order to tranlinit them to the governor and council of the Indies. We perceived, that in the firlt book many fhips, particularly Portugucfe, had made ci.ti.ries of the lame kind with that for which it was prcfcnted to us. Mr. Hicks, our lieutenant, however, having written the name of the fliip, only added " from Europe," The mafter of the packet took notice of this, but faid, that he was faiished w ith any thing we thought tit to w rite, it being intended Iblely for the in- formation of our friends. Friday the fifth, we made fc .eral attempts to fail with a wind that would not ftcm the current, and as often came to an anchor. In the morning a proa, w ith a Dutch officer, came alung-iidcof us, antl fent to Cap- tain Cook a printed paper in exceeding bad Englifh, duplicates of which he had in other languages, all r&- gutarly figned, in the name of the governor and council of the Indies, by their fecretary ; the contents whereof were the following enquiries, conuincd in nine quef- tions. I. The fliip's name, and to what n&tton flic be- longed? 3. If flic came from Europe, or any other place ? 3. From what place fhe had laft dcpartetjl 4. Whcreunto deftgncd to go? 5. What and how many fnipi of the Dutch com- pany by departure from the UQ fliorc there layed, and their names t I. If f iir ! ' ■Ii- }"i-il\ ;'. ] J H mWb ■i h njMH 8o Cipt. COO K's V O VACES COMPLETE. XOO j COOK'S FIRST vi\ \.aM t :* 6. If one or more of thcfe ftiips. in company with the Endeavour, is departed for this or any other place ? 7. If durinpj the " -jgc any partiGBlarilics is hap- pened, or fcen ? 8. If not any fliips .a fea, or the ftreights of Sunda, havefecn, or'hailcd int and which? 9. If any other news MT>rth of attention, at the place from whence the Ihip lattly departed, or during the voyage, is happeficd? Batavia inthcCaftle. By order of the Crovcrnor (Jcneml, and the Counfrllors of India, ' J. Brandbr Bungi.. Sec. The otnccr"'"''^-' 'ig, that the Captain did not chufe to anfwer any of the above • queltions, except the firfl and fourth, he faid that the rell were not niiitcrial, thouj;h it was reniarketl that jiift afterwards he aftinncd Tic niLift difpatcii the paper to Batavia, at which place it would arrive bv the next day. This examination was rather extraordiiian,-, and the more fo, as it dots not fccm to have been of any long landing. As foon as the Dutch olViccr departed, the anchor was weighed, but in four hours the Ihip was forced to come to an anchor ag;iin, till a breeze fprang up ; Hie then held on her courfc till the next morning, when on account of the rapidity of the current, the anchor was dropped again. At Ia(l we weighed on the 8th, and flood ck-ar of a large IfJgeof rocks, which we had al- moft ran upon the preceding day. But in the fore- noon we were once more obliged to anchor near a little ifland that vas not laiil down in any chart on boarti. It was found to be one of thofe called the Milles I lie. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander having landed upon it, rolieclcd a few plants, and fliot a bat which was a yard long, being meafured from the extreme poiiirs of the wings ; they alfo killed a few plovers on this ifland, the bre.idth of which iWks not exceed one hundred yards, and the length live hundred ; they lound a houfe and a little t\tr>t of cultivated ground, and on it grew the Palma ChrilVi, from whKh the Weft Indians make their caftor oil. In a little time after the gentlemen returned to the fliip, fome Malays came along-fide in a boat, bring- ing with them pompions, dried fifh, and turtle, for faie ; OIK- of the turtles, which weighed near fine hun- dred and lifty pf tunds, they fold for a dollar, and feemed to espcet the lame piece of money for their fruit ; but it being hinted to them that a dollar was too much, thry defiled that one might be cut, and a piece of it given to them, but this not bciag comptietl with, they at length liild twenty-fix pompions for a Portuguefe pe- racka. When they departed, they intimated their witi.ei. tJiat this tranfaOtion might not be mentioned at Batavia. We nmv made but little way till night, when the laii Mr. Siephens, fecrelary lo the admnult), lal cur arrival .it this |)lace. lleie the captain found an \|K!icd dilliculiy in procurini> money for the ex- |l<3Cts that would be incurred by rehtiinn the Kndea- \\r:; piivate pirlons bad neither the ability nor iiuli- Iwiiin lo advance the lum reipiiicd ; he ilicreloie lent 1 1 miticii application to the j;< vt rnor himlcll, who or- LfoJiiic Slicb.ii'ider to fnpply the captain with what lpw:v hf mi;;hi want out of the comjwny's trealiir)'. Tliiriilay the i8th, early in the illuming, ahir a liU (if Ionic days, we ran down to Oiirull, and l.iid i, iiiij) alcim-lide of the whaif, on t'oo]Kr's I Hand, in I orir to lake out her IK)res. .\ficr little more than i; lUys, we benaii to experience the fatal efktts of iti'ilmute and liiuaiion. 'lupia funk on a fuilden, yii;riw every day worf<' and worle. Tayeio, his boy, Iti/ed with an inflaimnaiion on Ins hint's. Mr. I Binb and Dr. Solander wire attacked by levers, and i;H>o Icrvaiits of the loriner became very ill; in t! It. almofl every pcrlbii both on board and alhoie ! Ilik 111 a Icw^ days, owiim, as we imaj^incd, to the i.lwamny b(tiaiioni>f the place, and the nuiiiberlefs I c;':v (.anals, that inierlcci the town in all direi lions. ();i the 'i6ih, when few of the crew were able to do I i; V. we crerled a lent for their reception. 'I'lipia, of litlilc we ben.m to di Ipair, delircd to lie removed I III the (liip, in hojies of bteaihins a freer air ; however AiMiiiild not lie done, as Ihe was unrig;;ed and prep- niii; to be laid down at the careeniti^-place ; but on iViSti), Mr. Banks cunveyed him to Cooper's Illand, lit a* it i.s culled here, Kuyjior, and, as he leemeil , pkifiilwith the f|>ot near which the lliip lay, a teiuwas fiicW for him. When the lea and land breezes blew Iwrhini, he exprelied meat fatisf.iMion ai bis litna- iHi. On die 30tli Mr. Banks leiurncii to town, bav- in:;, lioni humanely alone, lnvn twd days with Tupia, »hofc fits of an intermittin'.' fever, now became a rcBU- iiriiriian, and were lb violent as to deprive him of nis fiilis while ihey hilled, and left hiin fo weak, ihat be c.iikl I'carccly crawl from his bed. At the fame time Dr. Si)laiulcr's ftver iiiereafed, and Mr. Monkhoule, itif liiri^eon, was conlined to his bed. On Monday the 5ih of November, after many un- i sviiidable delays, the Ihip was laid down, and the fame '< lily Mr. Moiikhou(i.Y our fuigeon, Igll a latrilice to this 16. faul country ; whrtfc lof* was more fevercly felt, by hi< beina a feniible, Ikilfulman, and dyiiii^ at a time when his abilities were moll wanted. Dr. Solander was jull able to attend his funeral, but Mr. Banks, in his turiij was coiifi;'cd to bis bed. Friday the gib, our Indian bov Taycto paid the debt of nature, and poor Tupia was lo allecled at the lofs, that it was doubted whether he would lurvive it till the next day. In the mean time the fliip's bottcmi haviii({ been carefully examined, it was (bund to' e in aworfu conditoii then we a|)prehi tided. The falle keel was confiderably gone lo wiihin twenty liet of the ttern pod ; the main keel was injured in many places ; much of the (bealhin^ was torn oil'; and leveral planks were greatly damaged: two of them, and hall oi' a third, particulailv, l()r the liiinih ol lix feet, were lb worn, that they were not above an eij^hthpart of an inch thick, and the worms had made their way ipiitc iiuo the lim- bers: yel. 111 this condition, the luiJeavour had failed many hundred leagues, wlieie navigaton is as danger- ous as in any pait of the j>lohe. How much milery did we elcape, by Ik iir.; it;norant thai lb eoiilitkrable a part of the boiloin ol the villel was thinner tlicii the lule of a IIkk", and that every life cm board ilepeudcd on lb lliglil a barrier between us and the uiifil'ionialde oteun! Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were now Ii) worn down by dieir difonier, il:ai the phyfician declared they had no chance for lecoveiy but by rcniovini^ into tliii country. In eoiikijiieiiee of dus advice a hoiife was hired tor them, at the diltaiue of about two miles from the town, which In Imi^cd to the mailer of the hotel, who eni;a,u,ed to lup|ily dieiii with provilioiis, and the ufe of Haves. While thele gentlemen were taking riea- fures lor the recovery of their health, we received an account of the death of our faithful Tupia, who funk at once after the hds of his boy, Tayeto, whom he loved with the tendernefs of a parent. On the ijlli, the bottom of the Ihip was dioroiighly repaired, and much to C'api. Cook's latisfaflion, who bellowed great encomiums on the ollicers and the workmen at the Ma- rine-yard ; in his opinion tla-re is not one in the world, where a Ihip can lie laid down widi more convenient fJK-ed and lafeiy, nor repaired with more diligence and Ikill. At this time Captain Cook was taken ill. Mr. Sporing alii), and a lailor who attended Mr. I'aiiks, were lei/.ed with the diudly inlermillents, and only t( n of the (hip's company were capable of doing duty. -As 10 Ml. Banks and Dr. .'-olander, ihey recovered llowly at their countrv houl'e, which was open to the lea- breeze, and lilualed upon a running lln am ; eircuin- llanecsthal contributed not a liiile to a free circiilatioii of air. The fliip being repaired, the fick people received on board her. and the greater pan of her water and flores taken in, Ihe failed from Ourull on the 81I1 of Decem- ber, and anchoicd in llu- roiid of Baiavia: twelve days were employeil in receiving the reinainder of her provi- (ions, water, and other neeellaries. though the Imliiicfs would have been done in much Ids time, but ihatloine of the ciew died, and the major ly of the fiirvivois were fo ill, as to be unable to j'ive their anillatice. On the 24lh, Capt. Cook took leave of the governor, and attended by Mr. Banks and die odier gentlemen who bad hilherlo lived in die town, rei)aiied on board the Ihip, which got under fail the next morning. The iMideavonr was lidund by the fori, and by the Elgin Kail Indiaman, which llieii lay in d.e roaJ ; but loon after ihefe coinplinicnts were returned, the lea-breeze felting in, they were obbged to come 10 anchor. Since the arrival of ihelliip in Baiavia Road every perCon be- longing to her had been ill, except the fail-maker, wiio was more than fcveiity years old, yet this man got drunk every day while we remained ihere. '1 he Kii- deavour buiicd leveii of her people ai Bai.ivia, vi/.. Tupia ami his boy, three of die failors, the feivaut of McUreen the allroiiomer, a'ld the fiirgeon; and at dif lime of die vellel's lailing, lorty of ihe crew were (ick,and the lell lb ( idirbled by ihcif late illiiel'.', as to be ftatccly able 10 do iheir duty, X ■ . -C H A P. * •,= l\' ;i mmm ■tT^f.-fl," 84 Capt. COOK» VOYAGES COMPLETE. CHAP. XII. COOK'S FIRS' thfiriplivr account of the tcircn cf Batcivia, (3c.— The Endeavour faih to the Cape of Good Hope — An accnntX of the iiiluihtants flf Pinicc's IJIund — The arrival of the Endeavour at the Cape 0/ G>>od Hope — The Ccipt anil 'St. llrlrnu drfcriljed — Remarks on the Holtentoti — The Endeavour retuYm to England, June 12, i;yi. B \iavin, (imatid in 6 dci;. 10 mill. S. latitude, and I of) ili;*. 50 iiiin. F,. lonnitiuio from the meridian iifGii-eiiuiiii, is4niilii)n the hank of alar^e bay, fotne- iliiii^ mo'-' ilian twenty niili-s from the Sini^ht of SuikI.4. on thi- north fide of the idand of Java, on a low b'l.'.nv uromui. Several finall rivers, wiiich rile Ibrty niiks \i|) ilie toiiniry, in the mountains of Blaciiwen IV'Vt;, (liliiiar'^e thimlelves into the lea at this place, Iiaviiii; iiril imerCecled the town in dittercnt direfclions. There are wide canals of nearly Itai^iated water in alinod everv llreei, and as the banks of the canals arc planted with trees, they appear at firli very agreeable; but thefc trees and canals combine to render the air peltilential. Some of liie rivers are naviirable, more than thirty miles np the country; the Dutch appear to have choleii this fpot to build the town on, lor the lake of water carria);e, in wluch conveiucnce Ualavia exceeds every place Ml the world, except the towns tif Holland. The new church in ISatavia, is a hne piece of build- ini», and the dome of it may lie feen far off at fea. This church is illuminated by chandeliers of the moft fiiperl) woikmaiilliip, and has a fine oruan : mud of the otiier public buikinms are ancient, e«mlliue)ed in an ill talle, and t;a\e a very conipleai idea of Diiieh cluinli- nels." Their method of building their houles leems to have been taiii;hi them by the climate. On the ground- floor there is no room biita lar);eliall, a corner of which is parted oH' dn the iranlactiou of bulinefs ; the hall has tv.o doors, vhicli are commmonh left open, and are oppodte each other, (o that the air palUs freely ihiouRh the room, in I'lc middle of which there is a eouit, which at oiue iiuri'.iles the draft of air, and affords li^hi to liie luill ; the (lairs which are at one corner, lead to larie and loliy apanmeiits above. The female Haves are not |K'rniiited to lit in any place but the alcove liinncd bv the court, and this is the ulual dining place of il'.e lainilv. iJatavia is encompafTed bv a river of fl-.allow water, the If ream of vhiih is very rapid; witl'.iii this ii\tr, which is of diHerent widths in various places, is an old (lone wall, nuu h decayed in many places, and with- in the wall is a canal, wider in lome places than in others, lo that there is no interin;; the jjatesofthe town but by crolling two draw-bridges ; there are but lew mins on the ramjiarts, aiirl no perloiis are permitted to walk there. There is a kind of citadel, or callle, in the N. K. coiner of the town, the walls of which are both broader rmi\ higher then they are in other parts ; it is fiirnillied w ith a number of large guns, which cuinmand the lauding place. Ill the hat hour of Ratavia, anv niimlK-r of fhips may anchor, the ground is lii excellent that the anchor will nfver quit its hold. This harbour is linnetimes dangerous for boats, when the fca-bree/es blow frelli ; but, upon the whole, it is deemed the bed and moll comniodiou, plentiful, and luld at liulc more ihu cycr, theic are two kinds, i!,c I w hili- and the red : they have no kind of talle, but ihat of a watery acid. The jambue^er mauwar, limlis like a role, and its talle is not uidike that of coiilcrvc of rotes. The inangollan is of a dark led mlour, .mj not larger than a fu'.all apple : to the bottom ol il-u fruit adhere leveral little leaves of the blolloiiis, vihilc oti its tops are a number of triangles combined in a or- 1 cle ; it contains leveral kernels rangi-d in a cirrular form, within which is the pulp, a fruit of tnod e\i;iii. lite talle; it is equally nulritious and agreeahl-.', and ij j coiillaiuly given to jKilons who arc troubled vti'h in- j liamiiialory or putrid fevers. The fweet orange (if j this country is likewife given in the fame dilordm. The pomegianate of the U- pans differs in noihiii; IVdm that generally known in Kngland. The duridi Ati its name from the word Dure, which, in the Un^, .,.« | of tliai country, means prickles, and the name is v.dl adapted to the fruit, the Ihell of which is covered vmh j Ibarp points, Ihaped like a fugar-loaf : its comciiis are ! nuts not much fmaller than ehefnuts, which arc fur. lounded with a kind of juice refembling cream; and of this the inhabitants eat with great avidiiy : the Imill of this fruit "; more Ike that of tmions, than any other Kuropeai) vegetable, atid its talle is like that of oiiioiis, | fugar, and ereain intcnnixed : the inlidc of the diition, j when ripe, is parted lengthways, into fcveial divilmns, I'he nauca is a fruit that fiiulls like garlick and ap|t lo large. I'lic urn- butan coiUains a fruit .viihin which is a Hone, th.i( i< ]K-rhaps the biiell acid in the world ; this fruit u iiol unlike a chefnui with its hulk on; and it is ciiver -o ^.V^ 86 Capt. C O O K'8 V O Y AG E S C O MP L E T E. VKj • always a force ready to arm and join their troops in this country upon any emergency; all places of power and profit are held by the I^tch, and no foreigner has any marc in the management of public affairs. Notwithftanding all the men of other countries arc boiind toob.'^rve the rules above-mentioned, yet wo- men from all parts may remain here unmolcftca. It ap- peared that the whole place could not furhifh fifty ic- malcs who were natives of Europe; yet the town abounded with white women, who were dcfccnded from iMiropeans, that had fettled there at different times, all the men having paid the debt of nature; for fo it is, that the climate of Batavia deftroys the men much farter than the women. Thcfe women follow the deli- cate cuftom of chewing beetle, after the example of^ the native Javancfc, whofc drefs they imitate, and whofc manners they copy, in all rcfpeiSj. Mercantile hv.Cx- ncfs is conducted at Batavia with the flightefl trouble imaginable. When a merchant receives an order for poods of any kind, he communicates the contents of it to the Chincfe, who are the univerfal manufaflurers. The Chincfe agent delivers the effcAson board the (liip for which they are befpoke, and taking a receipt for thcni from the mafter of the veffel, he delivers it to the merchant, who pays the Chincfe for the goods, and refcrvcs a conliderable profit, without the leaft trouble, rifijue, or anxiety. But when a merchant imports goods of any kind, he receives them himfclf, and lodges them in his own w.irehoufes. It may be wondered that the Chinefe do not (hip the goods on their account, but from this they are reftrided, and compellcil to fell them to the merchants only. The inhabitants of Java dirtinguifh the Portuguefe by the name of Oranfcranc, thai is, Nazarcnc-men; but thefeufe the general term of Caper, or Cafir, rcfprding all who do not profefs the reiij^ion of Mahomet, and in this they include the Portuguefe. But the Portuguefe of Batavia are fo only in name ; for they have neither any connexion with, or knou iv\lgc of the kingdom of Portugal, and they have changed the religion of the church of Rome, for that of Luther; with the manners of the natives, they arc wholly fin'iiliarifcd, and they commonly fpeak their language, though they are able to converfc in a cor- rupt kind of Portuguefe. They drefs in the habit of the country, w ith a difference only in the manner of wearing their hair; their nofcs arc mn; peaked and their iKin of a deeper cart than that of the natives. Some of them i.re mechanics and artificers, others fub- lilt by wallung of linen, and the reft procure a mainte- nance bv hunting. The Indians of Batavia, and the country in its neigh- bourhood, arc not native Javanefe, but are either born on the feveral illands from whence the Dutch bring their flaves, or the offspring of fuch as have been born on ihofe illandi ; and tin (e having been made free either in tliL'irown pirfons or in the pcrfbns of their anccfiors, I n|Oy all the i)rivileges of frcetnen. They receive the gciK-ral appellation of believers of the true faith. The vjiious other Indian inhabitants of this country attach tlu'infelvcs each to the original cuftoms of that in which tlicmlelves or thciranceflors were born ; keeping thcm- filvcs apart frotnthofeof other nations, ana pradlifing both the virtues and vices peculiar to their own coun- tries. The cultivation of gardens, and the confc- (]uent f.ilr of flowers and fruit afford fubfiftencc to great nuiulicrs of them : thefc arc the people who raife the bee- tle and areca, which being mixed with lime, and a lubllance that is called Gambir, the produce of the Intlian continent, is chewed by perfons of all ranks, women as well as tnen : indeed fume of the politer la. dies make an addition of cardamiim, and other arnma- tics, to take ofithe difagrccable fmcll with «hich the breath would be othcrwiK tainted. Some of the Indi- an; arc very rich, keep a orcat numlx-r of flaves, and live, in all rcfpeilU, according to the tuftom of their rt^fpedivc countries, while others are employed to (arry gocds by water; and others again fublirt by lilhing. i'hc Oranflams, or believers of the faith, feed principally on boiled rice, mixed with a fmall quantity of dried fliriiiips and other filli, which arc unput ted from China, 4 and a little of the flefh of buffaloes and chickens; thcv are fond of fruit, of which they cat lai^e quaiitiiie3 and with the flour of the rice they make feveral Ibrrj qI paftry. They fometimcs make very fuperb cntcrtaia. mtnts, after the liilhion of their reipedlive countjics • but, in general, they are a very temperate people; of wine they drink very little, if any, as the religion of Mahomet, which they profefs, forbids the ufe of It. When a marriage is to be foiemnized among them all the gold and filver ornaments that can be prucurej,'are borrowed to deck out the young couple, who, on tlicfc occafions, never fail to make the moil fplendid appcai. ancc; TutTiptuous entertainments are given by tlmfe who can aflord them, which continue twelve or tounwn days, and frequently more, during all which time ti\c women take care that the bridegroom fliallnot vifit hij wife privately, though the wedding takes place previ, ous to the fcrtival. All thefe Indians, though they conii: from different countries, fpeak the Malay language if it defcrves that name. On the ifland of Java there are two or three different dialrifls, and there is a lan- guage peculiar to every ftnall ifland j it is conjectured that the Malay tongue is a corruption of the langu.iBc of Malacca. The nairof thcfe people, which is black without a finglc exception, grows in great abundance • yet the women make ufe of oils, and other ingrcdi' ents, toincreafe the quantity of it: they fallen it to the crown of the head with a bodkin, having full twifl. cd it into a circle, round which they place an elegant wreathe of flowers, fo that the whole head -drefs has a mod beautiful appearance. It is the univerfal cuftom both with the n)en and women, to bathe in a river once every day, and fometimcs oftner, which not only pro. motes health, but prevents that contradion of filth that would fjc oiherwife unavoidable info hot a diinstc. The teeth of the Oranflams have fonie particulars in them well worthy of lurticc. With a kind of whciftone they rub the ends of them till they arc quite flat and even; they then make a deep groove in the teeth of the upper jaw, in the centre between the bottom of each tooth and the gum, and horizontally with the latter; this groove is equal in depth to a quarter of the thick, ncis of the teeth; yet none of thefe people have a rot- ten tooth, though according to the dentirts of England and France, fuch a thing ntufl be unavoidable, as the tooth is placed much deeper than what wc call the enamel. The teeth of thcfe people became very black by the chewing of beetle, yet a flight watliing will t*kc off this blackncfs, and they will then become pcrfeeily white; but they are very fcldom waflicd.as the depth of the colour is very far from being thought difagree. able. Moll ot our readers mufi have heard of the Mo- hawks ; and thefc are the people whoarefo denominatnl, from a corruption of the word ainock, which will tie explained by the following flory andobfervations. fo run amock is to get drunk w ith opium, ami then fciziiig foinc otfenfive weapon, to fally forth friHn the hoiile, kill the pcrfon or perfons fuppofcd to have injured the />mock, and any other perfon that attempts to impede his |)allage, till he himfelf is token pri loner or killed on the fpot. While Captain Cook was at Batavia, a i>erfon whofe circumftances in life were independent, bei^ig jealous of his brother, intoxicated himlcif with opium, and then murdered his brother, ami two other men who endeavoured to feize him. This man, con- trary to the ufual curtom, did not leave his own houfe, but made his refinance from within it; yet he had ta- ken fuch a quantity of the opium, that he was dcliriotii, which appeared from hit attempting to firr three muf- qucts, neither of which had been loaded, nor even primed. Jealoufy of the women >• the ufual reafon of thefe poor creatures running amock [or a-muck] and the tirll object of their vengeance is the perfon whom they fuppofe to have injured them. The officer, whofc bulincis It is to apprehend thefc unhappy wietchrt, is lurnidicd with a long pair of tongs, in order to take hold of them without coming within the reach of the |H)int of their we.'.,x»n. Thole who may be taken alive, which it not often the cafe, are generally wounded i but they arc always broken upon the wheel ; and if the phy- COOK-'s FIRST VOY AC „hvfician, who is appointed toe Fhinks them likely to be mortal. £Uediateiy..ndtheplo< vthc fpot where theifirftm Jnumbcrofabfurdcuflomsp ioplc, and opinions no lefs rid ffthc devil, whom they calls 5n,f,andadvcrfity; therefore S,eyoiferrocat.r.r:ney '.ndoth. J^lfacrificcs. ?.r.oaldon*am. SLahedrean^fortwoorthrc tinesthcDcAlhasktidhi!. Sux,nneglfca.o fulfil, he Commands may not be reveal cv !icuity. To interpret his drea Stotheuttermoft.and.I rtplanation that fatisfics him, h ILiciV, who unravels the myft« nPht bv a comment, in whic StS."anwantividualsormoi Jnal.ttlc plate of cocoa-nut lea ;„,h of a tree near the river, J*„eopinionof thefepeopl. ar,h the devil •• walketh throi BUs">Kea^«^d, whether th< "lie money, or eat the vidualsi ';„eyitwasco.if.dered«thcr JmUr.thanag.Utohimwhoh ^lorcif it wasdevc)tcdby frm.tV into whofe hands It cam »;s.;<-iKrally the prize of fome ;V,;ay, but refpcding them J „„: that, although the Dc^ wrts, yet by bringing his mout U its favour without changii ,„„«ardsitwa8asinfipida8> Another fupcrftrtious notion «orr unaccountable. They ^Hfn delivered of childrcii.ar ,,vc,al of a young crocodile , being received carefully by the u.lv carried down to the river, Thttaniily in which fuch a bi hjpmiKd, conflantly puts vi< thciraiiiphibioua relation, efpi l„na»she live*, goea down to tolullilhis fraternal duty s to Kcording to the general opim fKki.:f» or death. We are at opioionlo extravagant and aW robeunconntdedwithaiiyre k Humid be pretended to hapi he deceived into belief of It ,nv .>PP»"="' '""?" ' V2!f moreditViculttofolve. The iurJitv, however, is certain, U current tcllimony of every li aboiit it; and as to its origin, nff in the illands of Ccleb< places, many of the inhabitar UiliMr but however that b mer all the eal>ern idands, e amUortwardaafarasJfava i itilc twins arc called Sudarai, one iif the innumerable and M their exirtence, as waa c „ ,lar demonftrations t yet ri Lition wc «vill not vouch. At B( ncoolch was brtrft it a young I'cmale flave, who bf « 1 igc This girl told Mr. I oil his death bed, inft)rmed I liir his Siidarn, and in a fole Hive him meat when he (\\ in what part of the river hi what iviine he waa td b< ii Hucncf of her father's imuntJl pan ot the livcv ho had del ■twap— p^ i i-ii ' iiu 1] COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for nUking Dyitytnn'it iri tKe South Seat & Round the Worfd. 87 I frwn the hoiile, have injured the xmmt to impede pri(i>ner or killed fas at Batavia, 4 »re imicpcndent. teil hiinlelf with r, «tul tuo other This man, con- ic his own houfe, I yet he had tj. he wu delirioui, firr three muf- iMded, nor even e ufual reafon of or a-nuRkJ and icpcrfon whom he officer, uhofb py wii'tthes, IS 1 order to take ^c reach ol the I be taken ahve, rally wotindcdj cri j and if the phy. I,yf,cian, who is appointed to examine therr wounds, ihiniis tiicHi likdy to be mortal, the punilhmcnt is in- gidled immediately, and the place of executian is gene- rally the fpot where the ifirft murder waicbmmittcd. A number of abfurd cufloms prevailed ap^ng chefe people, and opinion* no lefs ridiculoui, iThcy believe ihat the devil, whom they call Satan, is the author of (itkntfsandadverfity ; therefore, when rick,or in diftrefs, j),fy orter racat, rvif.ncy, r.nd other things, as propitia- j,ry facrificts. Rr.oaid ontf among them be rclUcfs, or Ihnuld he drean; for two or three nijrhts fuccclTively, he ijnnmiics the Ul /il has hid his commands upon him, f hen, uixin ncglfcft to fulfil, he concludes his punifh^ pent will certaittly be fickncfs or death, though fuch commands may not be revealed with fufiicient per- fpicuity. To interpret his dream, therefrtrc, he (trains lijs wits to the uttermoft, and if, by taking it literally or figuratively, dircdlhr or by contraries, he can put no explanation that faiisncs him, he applies to the Cawin or (iricit who unravels the myftcrious fuggedions of the nicht, by a comment, in which it generally appears, that Satan wants viduals or money. Thcfe are placed ona little plate of cocoa-nut leaves, and hung upon the branch of a tree near the river, fo that it fceins not to y the opinion of thefe people, that in prowling the earth the devil " walketh through dry places." Mr. jj,,i,ks once alkcd. whether they thought Satan fpent ihc money, or eat the viduals : they faia, that ns to the money it was confidercd rather as a muld upon an of- ftncUr, than a gift to him who had enjoined it; and that thorctoreif it was devoted by the dreamer, it did not lijjnilV into whofc hands it came, and they fuppoftd it «^s ijeiicrally the prize of fomc llrangcr who wandered that wayt but rcfpcdling the meat, they were clearly o\' opinion, that, although the Devil did not tat the grofs parts, y« by bringing his mouth near ir, he fucked out all its favour without changing its (wlition, fo that jitcrwards it was as infipld as water. Another fupcrAitious notion of this people is f^ill more unaccountable. They imagine that women, *hcn delivered of children, arc at the fame time dc- Itvciat of a young crocodile i and that thofe animals being received carefully by the midwifes, are immcdi- udv carried down to the river, and ^t into the water. Thelaniily in which fuch a birth .s (bppofcd to have hippincd, conftaiuly puts vidua'.* into the river for their amphibious relation, cfpccially the twin, who as bngns he lives, goes down to the river at ftatcd times, to fulfil his fraternal duty J for an omilTion of which, iccoiJing to the general opinion, he will be vifitcd with fKki. :fs or death. We are at a lofs to account for an opinion (b extravagant and abfurd, efpccially as it feems H) be unconneded with any religious myf^cry.and how it lliould be pretended to happen by thofe who cat\not be deceived into a belief of it by appearances, nor have jRv iipparcnt intercft iti the fraud, is a problem IHll more ditlicult 10 folvc. The ftrange belief of this ab- lurdity, however, is certain, for which we hud ihe con- current tcllimony of every Indian who was quenioncd ahoiit it i and as to its origin, it Teems to have taken its nfein the iflands of Celebes and Boutou, at which places, many of the inhabitants keep crocodiles in their liimiliesr but howv^vcr that be, thi& opinion has fprcad wer all the eaftern idands, even 10 Timor and Cream, and wollward as far as Java and Sunnatra. 1 he croco- dile twins arc called Sudaras, and we (hall here relate one iif the innumerable and incredible- ftorics, in proof nt their exigence, as was confidently aflirmcti, from H d.ir dcnmnltratioiM I vet fur the credibility of this rriition we 'vill nOt vouch. At Bcncoolch was borti and bred atnongthe Enuti(h J young leinale (lave, who had leilrnta little of thelan- g lage. This girl told Mr. Banks that her father, when oil his death bed, inft)rmed her that he had a crocodile lor his Sudarn, and in a folemn manner charged her to nive him mcar when he (liould be dead, telling her in what part of the river he was to be found, and by what name he was to b< tUlled up. That iti cortfc- quencc of her father's iimindions, (nc irpaircd to that part uf the river he hail dcfcribeid, and Itanding upon the bank, called out Radja Pouti, " white kingi" where- upon the crocodile cam« to her out of the water, and eat from her hand theprovifions flic had brought him. Bein^ dcfired to dcfcribc this paternal uncle, flic faid, that he was not, Hke other crocodiles, but much hand- fomcr, that his body was fpotted and his nofe red ; that he had bracelets of gold upon his feet, and ear- rings of the fame metal in his cars. This ridiculous tale was heard by Mr. Banks patiently to t\\t ctid, and he then difmiircd the girl, without reminding her, that a crocodile with ears was as (Grange a monflcr as a dog with a cloven foot. Not long aftci this a fervaht whom Mr. Banks had hired at Batavia, a (on of a Dutchman by a Javanefe woman, told his matter, thiat he had fecn a crocodile of the fame kind, and it had been feen by feveral others both Dutchmen and Malays. This crocodile the fervant faid was very young, two feet long, and its f(ii.i were ornamented with bracelets of gold. I cannot credit thefe idle (Tories, faid Mr. Banks. The other day a pcrfon a(rcrted that crocodiles hud ear- rings, and you know that cannot be true, becaufe cro. codiles have not ears. Ah, Sir, replied the man, thefe Sudara Gran are unlike other crocodiles; for thry have .'ve tors upon each foot, a large tongue that fills their ..louth, and ears likcwile, though indeed they are very fmall. Who can fct bounds to the ignorance of cre- dulity and folly! However, in the girl's relation were fomc things in which (he could not he deceived ; and therefore muft be guilty of wilful falf' hood. Her fa- ther might command her to feed a crocodile, in con- fequenceof his believing it to be his Sudara; but its coming out of the river at her cajl.and eating the food from her hand, muft have been .1 fajjlc of her own in- vention, and being fuch, it was impoflible that (he could believe it to be true. However, the girl's ftory, and that of the man's, evinces, that they both believed the cxiftt-nccof cpocodiles that were Sudaras to men ; and the fidion invented by the girl may be eafily accounted for, if we do but conflder, how earncftly every one de- flres to make others believe what he believes hiinfelf. The Bougis, MacalTars, and Boctons, are fo firmly per- fuaded that thev have relations of tne crocodile fpecics, that they perlorm a periodical ceremony in remem- brance of them. Large parties go out in a boat, fur- nilhed with great plenty of proviftons, and all kinds of mufic. They then row backwards and forwards, in places of the river where crocodiles and alligators are mofl common, fmgingand weeping by turns, each in- voking his kitidred, till a crocodile appears, when the mufic inl^antly (tops, and provifions, beetle, and tobacco, arc thrown into tne water. This civility is intended to recommend ihemlclves to their relations at home; not *ithcjt hopes, perhaps, that it will be accepted inltead of more expcnfive offerings which may not be tfi their jwwer to nny, ■■ The Chinefo (rand in the next rank to the Indians, ^nd arc verv numerous, but po(rcfs very lirtlc property. Many of them live within the walls, and are (hop-' keepers. We have already mentioned rhc fruit-fellcfsf of Padivr PifTang ; but othera have a rich flock of l-'.u- ropean and Chincfe goodii. However, the far greater Eart of thcfe people live without the walls in a quarter y them(trlvc», which ts called Canipang China. Molt pan of therm are carjjenters, joiners, fmiths, t.lylors, ni|)pet\'makers, dyers of cotton, afid embroidci'rrs. They niiintain thecharaiitcrof induftry.univerfally beftowed upon them ; and many arc fcattered about the country, whert thcycultivate gardens, fow rice and fugar, or keep cattle and bufliiloes, whofc milk they bring every day to town. Yet notwithflanding their conmiendahic fpirit of induftry, we mufl* obferve, there is nothing honcft or di(t)onefl', provided there is no darlgcr of a halter, that the Chincfe will not readily do for money ; and though they work with much diligence, nor ate fparing of rhcif labour, yet no fooner have they laid down their tools, than they begin to game either at cardi or dice, ot at other diverlions alttjgeiher unknown among Euro^ns. To thefe they apply with fuclj' caKcrnefk, ai fcarcely to allow time for ncreirary re- imhmcnts of food and flecp. In manners they are al- ways !; '< Hl^lS ■ • Sii. M'A !i'' ^ M !-Hli!!i:;':?';|!f' i^i ■i'i '•/*'• i n:S l'>l If*''!' li i I ' ■m ■ iM 'S ■ •'! 88 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPL m'i 1 ii'li ways rather obfequiousi and in drcfs the/ arc remark- ably neat and clean, in whatever rank of life they arc placed. A defcription of tlieir perfons or drefs ii un- neceflary, feeing the better kind of China paper com- mon in England, exhibits an exaifl rcprefcnution of both, though perhaps with fome flight cxaggeraticns. With refpect to their eating, they are eafily fatisfied ; but the few that are rich have many favory diflics. The food of the poor is rice, with a fmall proportion of flcfh or fifli; and they have the advantage of the Mahomedan Indians, on account of their religion; for the Chinefc, being under no renrnint, cat, befides pork, dogs, cats, frogs, lizards, ferpents, and a great variety of fea animals, which the other inhabitants do not con- fidcr as food. They alfo eat many vegetables, which an European, except he was pcrifliing with hunger, would not tafte. They have a (ingular cuflom refpedt- ing the burying their dead ; for they cantiOt be prevailed upon to open the ground a fecond lime, where the body has been depofited. On this account, in the neighbour- hood of Batavia, their burying-grounds contain many hundred acres; and the Dutch, pretending this to be a wafte of land, will not fell any for this purpofe, un> lefs at an exorbitant price. The Chinefc, however, contrive toraifc the purchafe money, and afford another inftance of the folly and weakncfs of human nature, in transferring a regard for the living to the dead, and making that an objcd of folicitudc and expence. which cannot receive the lead benefit from either. Under the influence of this univcrfal prejudice, they take an uncommon method to prcfervc the body entire, and to prevent the remain* of it from mixing with the earth that furrounds it. To this end they enclofe it in a large thick wooden coflin, hollowed out of folid timber like a canoe. This when covered and let down into the grave, is furrounded wjrh « toat of mortar, called Chinam, about ci^^lc or ten inches thick, which in a fliort time cements, and becomes as hard as ftonc. The relatives of the deceafed attend the funeral ceremony, with a confiderable number of female moumcrs, hired to weep. In liatavia, the law requires, that every man fltould be interred according to his rank, which is in no cafe to be difpenfcd with; to that if the deceafed has not left fuflicient to pay his debts, an oiTiccr takes an inventory of what was in his poflcfllon when he died, and out of the produce buries him in the manner prc- fcribed, leaving only the overplus to his creditors. The lowcft clafs of people in thi« country arc the flaves, by whom the Dutch, Portugufe, and Indians, whatever their rank or fituation,arcconflantly attended. They are bought in Sumatra, Malacca, and ainu>fl all the i'jflern Illands; but the natives of Java, very few of whom live in Batavia, arc exempted from flavcry, under the fanClion of very fcvere penal laws, fcldom we believe violated. Thefe flavea are fold from ten to twenty pounds flcrling each; but girls, if tMndfomc, will fetch fometimes a hundred. Beins of an indolent difpofition, they will not do much worK, and arc there- fore content with a little victuals, fubfifting altogether upon boiled rice, and a fmall quantity of the cheapen fifh. They are natives of diflvrent countries, on which account they difl^cr from each other extremely both in perfon and temper. The Papua, as they are here called, or the African negroes are the word, mod of them thieves and all incorrigible ( confequently they may be pur( hafed for the leafl money. The next clals to thcfe arc the Bougis and Macafliirs, both from the ifland of Celebes; Mho in the highefl degree arc lazy, though not fo much additfted to theft as the negroes t yet they are of a cruel and vindiifhve fpirit. whereby they are rendered ex>.'ccJing dangerous, efpecially u to gratify their rcfeninicnc, they make no kruplc of any means, nor of i'acrificing life itfelf. Befides thcfc there arc Malays and Haves of other denominationa: but the befl, and of courfc the dearefl, are thofe brought from the illandof Bali ; and thcmofl beautiful women from Nias, a fmall ifland on the coall of Sumatra ; but being of a tender and delicate conllitution, they quickly fall a facrifice to the unwholefunie air of Batavia. All thefc flaves are wholly in the power of their mailers, who may inflidl upon them any punifliment that does not tak away life ; and flrould one die in confequenceof punift ment, though his death may be proved not to hav' been intended, yet the mafler is called to a fcvere ac count, and generally fentenced to fufltr capitally p this reafon a tnafter feldom correfis a flave with his nT hands, but b^an officer called a Marincu, one of whom is Rationed in every diflri flag upon the top of a houic in the middle of the town, and the Chinele find that it is their intercft to repair thither when a pay- ment is due without delay. At COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoverit* in the Swtb Seat k. Round the IVorld. 89 y°f" itat doe. noTIS: daManncu.oncofwhom offenders into cuftody,bu hend runaway flavj.and luthcmafterhaifup '^ >uni(hincnt however.Tnot «ribn.butbyflave,who;* IhepuniflimcntisftriDc; ncd to the nature of the of' s arc rods made of rattan ' w'8»forthc purpofe. and ^coinnranpuninimcntcoft, la feverconeaducatoon pence. The matter i,7o I an encouragement, three feven-pence half.pcnny , prevent his indulging h^ It of this place we can fa. rcmarkabfe fubordinatioj .oufe keeper ha,,, naia the length of time he has Rerent ranks thus aciuired ments of the coaches, and romc ride in plain coaches tm uith different dcvKc/ coachmen alfo are obliwd ain, or ornamented in va. ?Iace has the title of ro- to whom the Dutch bo. •nts arc fubordinatc; and ^'"'•'n order to hav. • ,?hould they appear to legligent, he detain, them hrccycarsj for they can. lit the place. Themem- thc natives EdeleHeeren. are tjexi in rank to the ume to much rtate, that lage, are expe«ae(i to rile Dinpliment, they drive to till the mrmbcn of the and children expcdt alfo nmonly paid them by the Capairn have thought derogatory to their diir. MC majetty. and for th>i I ncvcrthelers, when in a nace of immediate death rom honouring the Dutch »r mortification, ion of juftice. it i« aj. iwyen. who have pecu. [themfclves. Theirdeci. JC fcverc with refpe, Mr. Banks advifed his maje(>y to breed cat- tle, buft'aloes, and Iheept but he did not fcem difpofed to adopt this prudent meafure. On Monday, the 1 4th, we had got on board a good flock of frclh provilions, confifting of turtle, fowl, lifti, two fpecicsof deer, one about the fize of a (beep, the other not bigger than a rabbit ; alfo cocoa-nuts, plant.iins, limes, and other vegetables. The deer, however, fcrvcd only for prefent ufc, for wc could fel- dom keep one of them alive more than iwenty-four hours. The trade on our parts, was carried on chiefly with Spani(h dollars, the natives feeming not to fet value upon any thing elfc ; fo that our people who h;id a ge- neral permiffion to trade, parted with old fliirts and other articles, which they were obliged to fubflitutc for money to great difadvantsge. On Fucfday, the ijth, ill the morning, we weighed, with a light breeze at N. E. and flood out to fea. We took our departure from Java Head, which is in latitude 6deg. 49 min. S. and in longitude ajj deg. 12 min. Weft. Prince's Ifland, where we were (Rationed about ten days, in the Malay language, called PuloSelan, and in that of the inhabitants, Pulo Paneitan, it a fmall idand, fHuated in thtweftern mouth of the (\reightof Sunda. It is woody, a very fmall part of U havinit been cleared. Wc could perceive no remarkable hiU upoa it| but • fmall eminence, ju(t over the landing 7. plMf. /i; ;; I ' . !' % % li^'llii' ■^1 n i»''#iiij ^i:^ !^' tl'' r V.11 'tij'i 90 Capt. COOK'S Y O Y A G E S COMPLETE. place, has been najiied, by the EngliOi, the Pike. formerly thU place was mucKirequented by India Ifaipt belonging to variouc nations, efpecialiy from England j but of lace they have forfaken it, becauie the water is bad, and touch cither at North llland, or at New Bayi a few leagues dilUnt from Prince's Ifland, at neither of which places any confiderablc quantity of other pro- vifions can be procured; and, upon the whole, we mud give it as our opinion, that Prince's Ifland is more eligible than either of them; for though, as we have already obfcrved, the water is brackifh, if filled at the lower part of the brook, yet higher up we found it excellent. The fird, fecond, and perhaps the third fliip, that arrives here in the feafon, may be well fupplied, with turtle ; but fuch as come afterwards mud be content with fmall ones. What we purchafed were of the green kind, and coft us, at an average, about three far- things a pound. They were neither fat nor well fla- voured, which circumflancc we imputed to their being long kept in pens of brackifli water, without foooT The fowls are large, and we bought a dozen of them for a Spanifli dollar, which is about five-pence a piece. The (niall deer cod us two-pence a piece, and the larger, two only of which were brought to market, a rupee. The natives fell many kinds of fi(h by hand, and we found thrm tolciably cheap. Cocoa-nuts, if they were picked, we bought at the rate of a hundred for a dollar: and if taken promifcuoufly, one hundred and thirty. Plantains we found in abundance; alfo pine apples, water-melons, jaccas, and pompions, be- sides rice, yams, and frveral other vegetables, all which ue purchafed at rcafunablc rates. In this illand the inhabitants are Javanefc, and their Raja is fubjcA to the Sultan of Bantam. In their man- ncrs and culloms they rcfemble the Indians about Bata- via; but they arc more jealous of their women, for all the time we were there, we faw not any of them, except one by chance in the woods, as flic was running away to hide hcrfelf. They profefs the Mahomedan religion ; but not a mofque did we drfcover in the whole ifland. VVhile wc were among them, they kept the fad called by the Turks Ramadan, with extreme rigour, not one of them touching a morfcfof viduah, nor would they chew their beetle till fun-fet. Their food is likewife the fame with that of the Batavian Indians, except the ad- dition of the nuts of the palm, by eating of which, upon the coafl of New Holland, fome of our people were made fick, and fome of our hogs poifoned. We enquired by what means thefe nutt were deprived of their noxious deleterious quality, and were mformed, that they fii d cut them into thin fliccs, and dried them io the fun, then flecped them in frefli water for three months, and afterwards, prefling out the water, dried them a fecond time in the fun; out after all, we found they are eaten only in times of fcarcicy, when they mix them with their rice to make it go farther. The houfes of theft people are built upon piles, or pillars, and elevated about four or five feet above the ground. Upon thefe is laid a floor of bamboo canes, at Aich a diftance from each other, as to leave a free naf- fagc for the air from below. The walls alfo areof blm- boo, interwoven hurdlewife, with fmall flicks, and h{. tencd perpendicularly to the beams which form the frame of the building; it has a floping roof, To well thatched with palm^eaves» that neither the fun, nor rain can find entrance. The ground-plot, upon which the building is creded, is an oblong fquare. On one iide is the aoor, and in the fpace between that and the other end of the houfe, in the center, towards the left hand, is a window. A partition runs out fruni each end of the houfe, which continues fo far as to leave an opening oppoflte the door. Each end of the houfe therefore, to the right and left of the door, is divided into two apartments, all open towards the palTage from rhe door to the wall on the oppoflte flde. In that on the left hand, next to the door, the children fleep- that oppoflte to it is for the ufe of ftrangers; in the inner room, on the left hand, the mafler and his wife drep- and that oppoflte to it is the kitchen. The only dif^l rence between the poor and the rich, with refpciil to thefe houfes, confifts in their flze: but we muft except the royal palace, and the houfe of one Gundang, the next man m riches and influence to the king; forthofe inflead of being wattled with flicks and bamboos, are enclofedwith boards. Thefe people have occalion ! houfes in the rice flclds,at the leafon when they are in. fefled with the birds and monkeys. They differ onlr from their town houfes, by bcuig taifed ten fcctinfte^d of four from the grouml. The inhabitants of this ifland arc of a good difpo. fltion; and dealt with us \ery honeflly ; only like other Indians, and the retailers of fifli in London, they would aflc twice, and foinetimes thrice as much for their coin, modifies as they would take. As what they brought to market belonged m dilforent proportions, to aeon- fiderable number of the lutivcs, they put all that wai bought of one kind, as cocoas or plantains together and when we had purchafed a lot, they divided the mo! ney that was [Hiii lot it among the proprietors, in » proportion correfponding with their contributions. Sometimes, indeed, they would change our money giving us 240 doits, amounting to five (hillings, for a Spanifli dollar, and ninety-flx, amounting to two ihil. lings, for a Bengal rupee. The natives of Prince's Ifland have a language of their own, yet they all fpcak the Malay language. Their own tongue they call Catta Gunung, the language of the mountains. They fay that their tribe originally migrated from the mountains of Java to New Hay, and then to their prefent flation, being driven from their flrfl fettlemenc by tygers, which they found too oumc. rous to fubdue. Several languages arc ipokcn by the native Javanefe, indiflcrcnt parts of their ifland; but the language of thefe people is diflcrent from that fpoken at Samarang, though diflant only one day's journey from the rcfldence of the Emperor of Java. The following lifl conuins feveral correfponding wordt in the languages of Princc'a Ditai, J)|va, and Ma. lacca. Prince's Island. English. Javanese. t.,.,- r. Talma, Bccang, Oroculatacke, A man, . Oong Lanang, « A ivotHOH. - CXing Wadong, A cbitd. - Lari, •* Holo, TbebtaJ. - - Undafi, Erung, Tbem/f. - - Erung, « ;;«.j,» • Mau, Tbffyf!. m Moto, - - , Chole, « the ears. . - Cuping, Cutock, Tbeleflb. - - Uhtu, >i>Jili^ Beatung, Tbeieiiy. - - Wuttong, Scrit, . • Vhe batk/ide. • Ctlit, - - Pimping, rr • ' Tbi Ibig^ • Poopoo, - »V!T[* ' (■•710..^. Hul odtoor. rbe kikUki .'-y- .'^ DuncvJ, *<7t^t'\^J>^. r, i:i Metis, The Up. » • Sitkil, m u,tu b-f^- :■ • A Mil. . - Cttcu, ••i,»,l !»»<<-}. AbMd. - - Tingau, ,,rtit, * , •. lUiil t Cucu, ■|o;-'> J Langan, - ^i Kanw Langan, * H finger. • -^ J«t'» "^--x^^iR ' If IM'M : .. ^.'i ■_.. . .-.^, - j^^rir^f .n%u tiiuof^u 1 V) ii,.i\ r.. It* >.<" MaLAKI. 4»t i U Gran LadU LakL >., ., Pararopuaa. r; v, Anack. Capalla. , Edung. . ,1 ,' Mau. .•;'> Cuping. Ghigi. Prot. Pantat. Paha. {.Amour. Kauki. Cucu. Tangan. Jaring, -ir ' ij- • In .CI ••.; , COOK'S FIRS' In this fpccimen tli cliofen.becaufetheya ,^guage is unknown '^i the Malay, the SoOTH-5 Mata Maa - Einu Matte Outou Euwa - Qwhe Eu - Mannu - Eyca Tapao - Tooiira - Eufwhc Etannou Enammou Hearu Tare - Uu - Butthefimilitude ,l,lt in words expr n,vc that they have UhthealTlftanceof ,^ «ho was on boar< jp the following CO! fill appeafi '''"* ^^' jouth-Sea Islands Tihie ■ Rui • Torou • Haa • Rfiiu • Whtney Htm - W»m Iva • Ahoura S D T A I, A T D S< & From the fimilitud* that of the South Sea, concfming the peo| annoteahly be refer of Java and Madagaf the Jivancfe has lonj in olive caft; whereas uxi hi» hair woolly ; ihf opinion of their ha ptrfTiblv, the learning e tourlcs, one through Alia, (iilTcminating tli ifnw of number, whi Imguagf of people wl »ith fich other. In the month of F uA mule the bell o Hope; but now the fal imbibed at Batavia, ilarming fyinptoms, Our lituation in a flioi ih« (hip was •'"'« b ihofc who did duty, y »crc confined to their inihclaftflageoftht c\try night we com Binits was among the linKwciW-fpairedof I K buried Mr. Sjwri fftmif, Mr. Paikinf(» Grttn the aflronomer hii iiutc, Mr. MonkI fiil-m)kcr, and his all ihcmarines, twoof th ind nine Tailors 1 in all COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE—for miking Di/coveriet in the Saufi Seas (c Round the fTor/d. 91 .Inthis fpecimen the different parts of the body ire Lgfen bccaufe they are eafily obtained from thofe whofe I neuagc is unknown, and it i« worthy of obfcrvation, ^I the Malay, the Javanefe, and the language in Prince's Ifland, have words, which ifnotexadUyflmiWr to thofe ufed in the South Sea Iflands. are nuinifcftl)r derived from the fame fource, as will appear from the following lift. SoOTH-SSA. Mata Ma* - Einu Matte Outou Euwa - Owhe Eu - . Mannu - Eyca Tapao - Tooiira - Eufwhe Etannou Enammou Hearu - Taro - Uu - Malay. Mata - Macan - Menum - Matte - Coutou - Udian - Soufou lean - Udanp • Ubi - Tannam - Gnammuck Garru Tallas - Uun - Javanese. - Moto - Mangan - - Gnumbe - - Matte - - Udan -' Soufou - Manny - - Iwa ■ Tapaan - Urang - - Urve - - Tandour • Prince's Island. - Mata - - Awe - - Mannuck ENOLtSit. An eye. The ear. to drink. To kill. Alonft. Rain. hambtx cane, Abeaft. A bird, AHJb. The foot. A lobfler. Tarns. To bury. A mu/cbite. Tofcratcb. Cocoa-ro»ts. Jn-land. But the fimilitude in thefe languages is more remark- ,blt in words cxprefling number, which fecms to .„vc that they have one common root. Mr. Banks, Lh the adlftance of a negro flavc, born at Madagafcar, ,nd who was on board an&iglilh ftiip at Bauvia,drcw the following comparative table, from whence it ,nll appear, that the names of numbera, in particular, South-Sea Islands. Malay. • Satou • . Dua - - Tiga • Ampat - Lima - Annam - Tudju - • Delapau Sembilan Sapoulou are in a manner common to all thefe countries: but w(i mud obferve, that in the ifland of Mad.-igafcar, the names of numbers, in fomc inftances, are fimilar to all thefe, which is a difficulty not eafy to be folvcd; yet the fa(fl will appear unqucftionable from the following lid of words, drawn up, as we have obfervcd, by Mr. Banks. Tahie - Rui • Tnrou • llaa • Rfiiu - Whcney Hctu - Wau Iva • Ahoura Javanese. Prince's Isle. Madagascar. Enc . Sigi - Hegie - IITc - One. - Lorou - -Dua . Rua Tziv. - Tullu Tollu Tcllou Three. • Pappat • - Opat . Efiats - Four. - Limo - - Limah Li mi Five. Nunnam Gunnap - Ene Six. - Petu - - Tudju - Titou - • Srvrn Wolo - - Dclapan Walon Eight - Songo , • Salapan - Sivi - Nine. - Sapoulou - Sapoulou ■ Tourou • Ten. From the fimilitude between the Eadem Tongue and ihit of the South Sea, many conjedures may be formed concerning the pe«ipling of thofe countries, which cjnnot ealily be referred to Madagafcar. The people of Java ami Madagafcar appear to be a different race: [he Javanefe has long hair, and his complexion is of jn olive cart; whereas a native of Madagafcar is black, imi his hair woolly j yet this will not conclude againft ihc opinion of their having had common anccHors : and, poffiblv, the learning of ancient Emrpt might run in two imki, one through Africa, and the other through Alia, liifTcminating the fame word* in each, efpecialiy ttrms ol number, which might thus become part of the Imguagr of people who never had any communications »iih cith other. In the month of February we held on our courfe, jmi inaiie the belt of our way for the Cape of Good Hope i but now the fatal feeds of difcafc, our people had imhibeil at Batavia, began to appear, with Ifie mofl ilarminR fyinptoms, in dyfenteries and flow fevers. Our lituation in a fhort time wu truly deplorable, and ihc (hip was little better than an hofpital, in which thofe v»ho did duty, were too few to attend thofe who were confined to their hamnKxks. Many of thefe were inihc Lift llage of the del>rudlive diforderi and almoll ocry night we committed a body to the fea. Mr. Banks was among the number of the fick, and for fome tinK we ikTpaired of his life. In the courfe of fix weeks »c biiticd Mr. S|)oring, a gentleman of Mr. I!anks's tti niie, Mr. Paikinfon, his natural hidory painter, Mr. Green the allronomcr, the boatfwain, the carpenter, and b mate, Mr. Monkhoufe the midfliipman, our jolly fiil-makcr, and his alTiftant, the cook, the corporal of the imrincs, two of the carpenters crew, a midfhipman, ind nine Tailors 1 in all three and t wmty pcrfonit bdides' the fcven that we had buried at Batavia. Such was the havock difcafc made among our fhip's company, though we omitted no means, which we conceived might be t remedy ; and to prevent the infection fron#(preading, we purified the water taken in at Prince's Ifland with lime, and walhed all parts of the bark between decks with vinegar. Friday the 15 th of March, about ten o'clock P. M. we brought the Ihip to an anchor off the Cape of Good Hope. Capt. Cook repaired immediately to the governor, who chearfully promifed him every refrefh- ment the country afforded; on which a houfe was hired for the fick, and it was agreed they fhould be lodged and boarded for two fhillings each man per day. Our run from Java Head to the Cape aftbrded few obfervations that can be of ufe to future navigators, but fome occurrences we mud not pafs over in filence. We had left Java Head eleven days before we got the general S. E. trade-wind, during which time, we did not advance above 5 deg. to the fouthward, and 3^ deg. to the W. having an unwholcfome air, occafioned probably by the load of vapours, which the eaflcrn wind, and wederly monfoons, bring into thefe latitudes, both of which blew in thefe feas, at the time we happened to be ■ there. Our difeafcs were certainly aggravated by thofe poifonous vapours, and unwholefome air, particularly the Hux, which was nut in the lead degree checked by any medicine, fo that whoever was fcized with it, con- fidcred himfclfasa dead man ; but we no fooner got into the trade Mind, than we felt its falutary effects. It is true, we buried feveral of our crew afterwards, buC they were fuch as had been taken on hoard in a fhite fo low and feeble, that there was fcarcely • pofTibility of their recovery. We fufpedted at firft, that this dVeadful diforder might have been generated by the water that we ■.i* mvi (I vidcd them with wives from the Orphan* hnufcs. and other charitable foundations. In procefs bI time they greatly increafed, and fpread themfelves brther up the country, and along the coaft, till they nrcupicd all the lands from Saldanna Bay, round the fouthfrn point of Africa, to Noflei Bay, on the E. ,nd afterwards purchafcd Terra de Natal, in order to (([(IkI their limits flill fanher. Ic »ppean, however, that on the firft fettlement of the Dutch at the Cape, all the Hottentot tribes did not Kfluiefce in the faie of the country to foreignen ; for the Gunyeniains dilTcntcd from the agreement of the rthers, and, in 1659, difputed the poflcflion of the purchafcd territories with the Dutch. They always inadc ilieir attack in boifterous weather, as thinking the fire-arms then of icfs ufe and efficacy t and upon thcfe occalions they would murder indifcriminatcly all the Europeans they rould meet, bum down their houfcs, lod drive away their cattle. At length a Hottentot, called by the Dutch Doman, who had rcfided feme time ,t Batavia, and afterwards lived at Cape Town, retired to hi» countrymen, and perfuadeti them, that it was the intent of the Europeans to enflave them, and flirrcd ihdn up to war. Accordingly they took up arms, and, ^ing headed by Doman, attended by another chief Mined (iarabinga. they committed great depredations. But the Hottentots themfelves at length growing tired of the war, one hundred of them, bekmging to one mtion, came unarmed to the Dutch fort, with a prefcnt of thirteen head of fine excellent cattle, in order to fue in peace. This, it may be imagined, was readily panted by the Dutch, who were heartily fick of a con- ui), in which themfelves were fuch great lofers, without leaping any advanuges from it. Noiwithflanding all that has been faid to the con* tnry, no country we fcw during the voyage, makes a moie forlorn appearance, or is in reality a more (letile defirt. The land over the cape, which conftitutes the pcflinfula formed by Table bay on the N. and Falfe Bay on the S. confills of high mounuins, altogether uked ami (lefolate : the land behind thefe to the E. ihich inay be cnnfidered as the Ifthmus, is a plain of nil extent, conflfting almoft wholly of a light kind oi fea (and, which produces nothing but heath, and li utterly incapable of cultivation. All the fpots that liU admit of improvement, which together bear about the bmc proportion to the whole as one to one thoufand, are laid out in vinef.trds, orchards, and iiiichen grounds; and mod of thet'e little fbott lie at a conlidersble diftance from each other. There is alfo tbegttateft icafon to believe, th*: in the interior parts ot the country, that which is capable of cultivation, ef* pKially what is fituated at no great diftaiKC from the iMit, docs not bear a greater proportion to that which ii barren i for the Dutch told us, that they had fettle- mems eight and twenty days up the countn'i « diftance qoai at leafl to nine hundred miles, from which they bnni; provifions to the Cape by land 1 fo that it feema ttiionahlc to conclude, that provifwns are not to be haivithin a Icfscompafs. Wnilewewere at the Cape, a larmer came thither from the country, at the dif* ancc of fifteen days journey, and brought hiy children tiih him. We were fur>uifed at this, and atkcd him, if It would not have been better to have left them with hiinext neighbour. Nrighbourl faid the man, I have no neighbour within lefs than live days journey of me. Surety (he country mult be deplorably barren in which ih«le who fettle only to raife provifions for a market, are difiKrfed at fuch diftances from each other. That the county is every where deflitute of wood is a certain fact; for timber and plnnks are imported from Batavia, and fuel is atmoil as dear u food. We faw not a tree, No. 1 1 . except in plantations near the town, that was fix foot high I and the flems, that were not thicker than a man's thumb, and roots as thick as an arm or leg, fuch is the influence of the winds here to the difadvantagc of vegc- Ution, without confidering the flerility of the foil. Cape Town is the only one the Dutch have built here, and It conlifts of about a thoufand houfes neatly built of brick, whited in general on the outfide. They are covered only with thatch, for the violence of the S. E. winds would render any other roof inconvenient and dangerous. The flrects are broad and commodious, crofltng each other at right angles. In the main one is a canal, on each fidewwhich is planted a row of oaks, that have grown tolerable well, and yield an agreeable fliadc. In another part of the town is alfo a canal, but the flope of the ground in the courfe of both is fo great, that they arc furniflied with locks at intervals of little more than fifty yards. The houfes in general have plcafant gardens behind, and neat court yards before them. Building, as well as tillage, is greatly encou- raged here, and land given for either purpofe to thofe who chufe to accept of it ; but then the government claims an annual tenth of the value of the former, and produce of the latter, and a tithe of all purchafe money when cftatcs are fold. The town extends from ihc; fea (hnre to the Company's garden, fpreading along Tabic Bay. The tbrt is in a valley at a fmall diflance, its form pentagonal, it commands the landing-place, and is garrifoncd by two hundred foldiers. The gover- nor's flcirehoufes arc within it, other officers bcfides himfelf have apartments here, as well as fix hundred fervants: the fame number of flavcs are lodged in a commodious building in the town, which is divided into two wards, the one for the men, the other for the women; and there ir a houfe of corre<5lion for the re- ception of diflblute perfons of either fex. The hof- pital for fick feamen is of clfential ufe to the Dutch ikeu in going to or returning from India. The church is a large edifice, elegantly plain; but the roof and fleeple are thatched, for the reafon already mentioned. Thatching indeed, from the nature of the hurricanes, feems ablotutely neccfliiry; but from the method in which it was formerly done, it appears that it was fre- (luently attended with danger, and we were informed, there ufed to be flielving pent houfes eredled on both fides the flreets, to flKlter paflengers in rainy weather ; but thefe brought the inhabitants under fuch dangers and inconveniencies, that they were all pulled down by order of government. Sailors and Hottentots were continually aflembling, and fmoaking their pipes under them, and fometimcs, through carelefsncfs let them on fire. The government laid hold of that occalion to rid the ftreets of thofe fellows that were continually pefler- ing them, by pubiifliing an order, which is nill in force, and from time to time republiflied, that no Hot- tentot, or common failor, fltall fmoke in the flreet, and that upiin prefuming fo to do they fliould be tied to the whipping poft aiM be fevcrely laflied. This has kept the flreets clear of all who have no bufinefs there; for it it with great diflkulty that either the feamen or Hottentoa can fiDrbear fmoaking while they are awake, if they have tobacco, which they are feldom without. What is mail to be admired at the Cape is the Com- pany's prden, where they have introduced almoft all the fruits and flowers that are found in the other three auancrs of the gkibe t inofl of which are improved, and nourifti more than they did in their refpe^iive dinutea aiMl countries from whence they were brought t and the Sitden is watered with fprings that fall down from Ta« e Mountain jult above them. Applet and pears are planted here, with the grapes of Alia, as well at thofe of Europe, all of a delicious flavour. Here are alfo excellent lemons, oranges, citrons, fln, Japan apples, an>^ a great variety of other fruits. In tnis place a much EL j(er proportion of the inhabitants are Dutch than in itaviai and as the town is fupported priocipally by eiueruitiing (Irangers, and fuppiytng-them with nece^ farict, every man to a certain degree, imitates the man*' ners and cuftoms of the nations with wtu£h he is chiefl/ cimccmcd. The ladies, however, are fo faithfiil totM 3 A mode Ilk.! »'— .1- 94 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. i 1*1 K f ' mcdc of their country, that not one of them will ftir *■ without a chaudpied, or chauflfet. which is carried by a fervant that it may be ready to place under her feet, uhencver the fits down : though few of thefe chauifcti have fire in them, which indeed the climate renders unnecelTar)'. Notwithlhnding the natural Ifcrilii/ of the climatCi induftry has fupplicd this place with all the ncccfTa- rics, and even luxuries of life in the greatcfl profulion. The beef and mutton are excellent, though the oxen and Iheep arc natives of the country : the cattle are lighter than ours,' more neatly made, and have horns that fpread to a much wider extent. The Hieep arc clothed with a fubftancc between wool and hair, and have tails of an enormous lizc: we faw feme that .'4 weighed twelve pounds, and we heard there were many much larger. Good butter is made from the milk of cows, but the chcefe is very much inferior to our own. Here are hogs and a variety of poultry t aifo goats, but thefe lad arc never eaten. Hares are to be found ex. aiflly like thofe in Europe; likcwifc many kinds nfan- telopes; quails of two forts, and bulbrds all well fla. voured but not juicy. The fields produce European wheat and barley; the gardens Huropcan vegetables; fruit of all kinds; bclides plantains, guavas, jambu, and other Indian fruits, but thefe arc not in perlcction ; (he plantains, in p.irticular, are very bad, and the guavas no larger than goofeherrics. The vineyards alfo produce wines o{ various forts, but not equal to thofcot KuMpe, except the ConOantia, which is made genuine only at one vineyard, about ten miles diftant Itoin the tovMi. 'J'heit is another vineyard near it, where wine is made, and called by the fame name, but it is greatly iiilcrior. With refpecfl to the animals of this country, the wild diilcr in nothing from thofe found in other |)arts. l>icrc are great numbers of domcllic animals in the various colonies and fettlements at the Capo, and the woods and mountains abound with wild bcafts. The hoifcs, which were brought originally from Ferfia, arc of a bay or cheinui colour, and rather fmail. The dogs have a very unfightiy appt ;ance, and are of litile ulc. Among the wild bcalis, tiie elephant claims the lirlt place. The rhinoceros is of a dark alh colour, and has a fnout like a hog. .\ horn projivts alm.i two tect (roni the nofe, refembling in lha|)e a plougli-lhare, and of a grey'diPj^y cuk>ur. With this he tears up the ground, pulls up trees by their roots, throws large (tones ovr his head, and rips up the elephant, to whom he is u mortal enemy. Another horn of about fix inches long, turns up from his forehead. Hia legs are (hort, his cars fmall, and his fenfe of finelling furprizingly acute. When he fcenis: any thing he purfues in a right linci^and tears up every thing in his way ; but his eyes being exceeding ftnall and fixed, he can only fee Itrait forward, fo that it is eafy to avoid him by llep- ping afidc, as he is a long time in turning himfelf about, and lunger lUll in gening light again ol the objeti. He will not attack a nvm without being provoked, or unlefs he iidrclRil in-ftarlct. When he hiis killod'any crea- ture, he licks the tk-di from the botKs with his rough itMigAic, which is likea rafp. 1 1 e feed* much on herbs, thilUcs, aiht a plant^refrinbling jumper, and which, ttuni Its Ibndncisof it, is called r hi noccro»>bbih. The hl»od, Ikin, and horn of this animal, art! medicinally ilVed, and faid to be very ctlicacious in many difbrders. Wine, poured into cups nude of the horn, bubbles up In a llrange kind nt termcniation, appearing as if beil- •utg. Should a thull portion of poifon be put inco the wine, the cup l4>iitsi but if poifon only is poured into the cup, K llie^ into a thoufand pieces; hetKc cups maile-olithw horn arc deemed excellent fafcguards, and, Ufa (hat account, independeni.of (heir falubrious qua> JjtKS, arc highly valued. At the Cape, wolves- arc of tH'o-kiods: the one rcfemblcs-'a (lieepdog, and is fpotted like a tyger; the other ii^ like anrEaropean vvolf: they both prowl about, anddogreatmtfchief in ^he. night-time, but lie concealed ih the day. ' Lions, tyger^ icopards,.^c.. alio abound here, and an- fo rroubkfoiMe, that the pcrfon who kills one of cithcr fbi-t, is rewarded with twenty-fivc florins, or fifty (ia| lings. The flefh of the lion is efteemcd equal to vtnill fon, and the fat ismuchVaiued. " HeVeafc much lirctJ bufjaloes than_ in Europ'e. -Thej^aTC of a'bm«n ie draws it with a great number glued thereto. Many jsckalls, fomc cr- mines, baboons, monkeys, ice. are found about the Capet and frequently do great mifchicf in the gardens, orchards, and vineyards. The porcupine is very rom- nion, and its flefh eftecmed delicious. There are t«o fort's of wild al&s in this country, one of which is a beautiful creature, called the zebra, and bears a greater affinity in make and fhapc to the horfe than the aFi. Indccil the ears are fomewhat like thofe of the Litter aninul, but in all other refpe(ts it has a much more noble appt^rance. It is admirably well made, exceed- ing lively, and fo extremely fwift, that it throws al- mott every purfiicr at a diffanre. Its legs arc fine ; it has a twilled tail, round tlefby haunches, and a fmooth fkin. The females are white and black, and the males w hite and brown. Thefe colours are placed alternately in the mott bcautiftil ftripes, and are pai^llel, diOin^t, and narrow. The whole animal is f^rcal^ed in this ad> mirable manner. To as to appear to a diflaht beholder as if covered with ribbons. Molt naturalifts affirm, that the ubra never can be tancd. That which was pre- . ... 'cnteJ ^■iPWWi '*n (0. neck. 'Wtht if, and 'l>irt»l». otiong I ■ under, wyrua jhovgh « «ch. I fi from otlt tht file, c»ll«i (pwird , broil II, r- The than J COOK'S FIRST VPYAQE—fbr m^ipg J)iftovtrits ia the Soutb Seas 6e round the mrld. 9 5 IhiKd to her prefent imjefty queen Charlotte, and kept ImiI y"-'"" ** ^''^ ftables near Buckingham-gate, con- l*Lj vicioua till iu death, though it was brought over Idu^ *^ '^"y poflible means ufed to render it trac> l^'ic fed upon hay. and the noire it made rathe:- ISnibltJ the barking of a nuftifTdog. than the bray- I ai an afs. The cainclopardalit. we were informed^ li^bKn found in the countrici round the Cape, Cap- I .Cjrierct having, by order of his prefent majefty, l^rmcd a voyage round the world in the Swallow Jf^of war, mentions this animal in a letter to the 1%,. Matty, fccretary to the Royal Society. " From Intfcirciiy of this creature (fays, he) as I believe. none I L,: been found in Europe, fince Julius Cacfar's time lijj^n 1 think there were two of them at Rome) 1 ima- I lie 1 more certain knowledge of its reality will not be I Jfcrtcable to you, as the exigence of this fine animal I L ban doubted by many. The prefent governor of I StUp* °^ ^^^ *^°P^ ^" ''"' "*" parties of men on IJjjixi difcoveries, fomc of which have been abfcnt I r,, jightccn months to two years, in which traverfe litahivc ililcovcrcd many curiofities. One of thcfc (US croircd many mountain! and plains, in one o! Li, they lound two of thofc creatures, but they only I ousrhi the vojng one. This they endeavoured to bring Srt [0 Cape Town, but unfortunately it died. They I mkolf his il^in. a"d 't has. as a confirmation of this ^h been Unt to Holland. " The (kin here alluded 10 ii'now in the cabinet of natural hiftory at L«yden. Li(in«u5 ranks this animal among the deer kind. Its toj IS like that ot a ftaj; ; the hums are blunt, about c, inches loni;, covered with hair, but not branched. UK neck rcfcinbles a camel's, only longer, being near liven feet. It has a inane like that oi a horfc ; feet, on and a toniruc like iholc of a cow ; (lender legs, iJK fore ones being conlidcrably longer than the hinder; I he body is but finall, covered with white hair, and fiwited with reds the tail is long, and budiy at the H^- the upper jaw contains no fore teeth t he moves both [he fore feet together when he runs, and not one jiitr the other like other animals: he ia eighteen feet lonfrfrom the uil to the top of the head, and is futccn Ifrt from the ground when he holds up his head. \ great variety of birds and fowls arc found at the Cipe, both wild and tame. Here are three forts of flXi, ijmcly, I. The bone breaker, who feeds on Mrtoifcsi to obtain the fleOi of which it ufes this fin- mUr nuthod. Having carried the tortoife aloft in ihc iir It diops :t upon fomc hard rock, by which iiKans tht Ibtll IS broken, and the eagle can ealily come at its prcv. 1. The dung-caglc. which tears out the entrails ilininuli to fubfifl on, and, though no bigger than a common Roofc. is exceeding Ihon^ and voracious. 1 The duck-eaglc, fo called becaule it fccds princi- ilij on ducks. Here arc alfo wild gcefc of three forts. [The water Roofe, which refembles ours. a. The iiwuntjin (iimlr, which ia the largeft of all, having a Rtecn head, and green wings. 3. The crop ^oofe, fo Bimed from i^ remarkable laige craw, of which bags, («»kcM, and lobaccu-pouchcs are made. All thcfc .ndjofgcefcare luch good eating, fo plentiful, and lo ealily taken, that the people of the Cape do not ihink the tamo n" 'ir wonli the trouble o» breedingt Bat of all the nuiiu rous birds that are to be found bete, lilt Hamingo is one of the moft Angular. .It has a long rctk, and ii larger thaf» » fwans the legs are remark. ubly lonj;, and of an orange tawny, and the feel are likciholeofagoofei the bill conuiiM blue teeth with black poiiui; the head and neck are entirely white j the upper (wrt of the wings arc of a bright fUnw co- lour, and the lower black. keptilcsare very numerous at the Ca|)e, particularly the following fcrpenu, 1. TIk: tree ferpcm. fo called lioni afcmbling the branch of a tree, and from being fund of winding iifelf about trees. 2. The a(h co- kwrid alp, fpeckled with white and ted, which it fe- viral yards k)ng, 3. The (boot (crpcnc. fo named from the amaing velocity with which it dans itCclf at an enemy. Some call it the eye fcrpcnt, on acco«nt of the numerous j»hitc fpots wfcinWiog cyci, with wT»i<;h its fkin is marked. 4. The blind (low worm, a black fcalv ferpent, fpottcd with brown, white, and red. J. The thirft ferpent, or inflamer, a moll venomoun and dangerous ferpent, abnut three quarters of a yard long; it has a broad neck, black back, and is very aAive. 6. The hair ferpent, which is about three feet in length, as thick as a man's thumb, and received it.s name from its yellow hair. Its poifon is-fo malignant, that nothin): but the ferpent ftonc can pi-e\«nt.its being mortal. This flone is faid to be an anificial coinpo- iition, prepared by the Brimins in India, who keep the fecret to.themfelves. It is Ihaped like a bean, in the middle whitilh, .the rell of a (ky-bluc. Whenever this is applied, it Hicks clofc without b.-indage.or.fup- port, and imbibes the poifontill it can receive no more, and then drops off. being laid in milk, it purges itfelf of the venom, turning the milk yellow, and fa.isa|> plied again, till bv its not flickinj;, it proves that the poifon is cxha^iiled. The neighbouring fea affords a plentiful fupply of fidi to the inhabitants of ,thc Cape. . The meat of the fca cows is much admired. The Hying filh, which haa wings like a bat, is reckoned a great delicacy. The brown RQi is as big as an ox, and is deemed good food either frcfh or falted. The bennet ia near three feet long, and weighs about feven pounds: the, eyes and tails are red ; the fins yellow, and the fcales purple, with gold ftrcaki. The meat is of a crimfcn colour, and fo remains after it is dreflld ; nevet>..clef^ it is de- licious eating. The gold fi(h has a ftrcak from head to tail, circles round his eyes of a gold colour, it is eigh- teen inches long, weighs about a pound, and its He(h of an cxquiiite talle. The brelFem is found only about the Cape. Of this tifli there arc two forts : the one has a black back, and purple head : the other is of a dark blue colour, and the former is rounder than the latter. Thev are both cheap and wholefome food. The (tone bralfcm is good either frelli or falted, refembles a carp in make, but is more delicious-in taflc. One fpcctc»of this filh IS called Hat nofe, from the lliapc of the head, and is much more valued than the other fort. The red flone (iih is exceeding beautiful to the eye. and exqui- iite to the talle : the back is fcarlet fpottcd with bluei and befpangled with gold ; the eyes^ite of a bright red, and furroundcd with a lilvcr circle, and the belly is of a pule piik cotour, hasa (hining (ilver tail, refembles 9 carp both in fkape and talle, and weighs about a pound. Of (hell-lilh, which arc innumerable, there is a lingular fpccies called Klin-koufcn, which has an up- per and under (hell, thick, rough, twilled, and incruded. in vinegar the crull will drop off, and the (licll exhi- bits an admirable pearl colour. Sea-futis and fea-dars, are finall round fhcll-fidi, and receive their denomina- tions from the great variety of prickles, which dioot from them like rays of light. The fidi called paggcr has a prickly (hell, and is much dreaded by the people of the Cape, as a wound from one of its protuberances turns to a mortification, unlcfs great care is taken to prevent it. The fca.fpout refembles a piece of mofs flicking fad to the rocks. It is of a green colour, emits water, aitd within is like a tough piece of fledi. The torpedo, or cramp-ray is a very curious ftfh. The body is circular, the fkin foft, fmooth and yellow, marked with large annular fpots ; the eyes fmall, and the tail tapering. It is of diHerent fi^^es, and weighs from Ave to fifteen pounds. The narcotic or benumbing quality of this A(h was known to the ancients, and hath lurnifhed matter of fpeculation to the philofophers of all age:. If a perfon touches it when alive, it indantly deprives him of the ufc of his arm, and has the fame efie& if he touches it with a dick. Even if one treads upon it with a dice on, it affe£ls not only the leg, but the thigh upwards. They who touch it with the feet arc fciccd wirh a drongcr palpitation, than even thole who touch it with the hand : this numbncfs boars no rcfcmblance to that which we feel when a nerve is a lotig time prciTed, and the foot ia faid to be adccp : it ratMr appoirs to be like a fuddcn vapour, which palTtng through the pores in an indant, penetrates to the very fpripgs of life, fiom whence it diffpfcs itfelf all over the i body *tat.^HllFrHl ' -r ' ' ii:M?y k ■ : « !;i I i:lJ ii Mrli tev illii i'gflBiiitjj m,] *'* i. 96 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ' ;, M b3 inifiit-i ^ III ■11 Wi n\ body, and gives real pain. The nerves are (o affeAid, that the pcrfon ftruck imagines all the bones of his body, and particularly thofe of thcKmb that received the blow, arc driven out of joint. All this is accoin- panied with an univerlal tremor, a fickncfs of the do. macH, a funeral convulfion, and a ic I'ufpcniion of the fiKultics of the mind. In (horr, (vch is the pain, that all the force of our promifes and authority could not prevail upon a fcaman to undergo the ilwck a fe- conatiroe. It has been obferved, that the powers of this fifli decline with its (Ircngth, and entirely ceafes when it expires. This benumbing faculty is of double ufe to the torpedo: firft it enables it to get its prey with great facility ; and fecondly it is an admirable defence againfl its enemies, as by numbing a fi(h of fu()crior force with its touch, it can eafily efcape. The narcotic power of the torpedo is greater in the female than the male. According to Appian. it will benumb the iiflicr. man through the whole extent of hook, line and rod. The fle ter fcldom frcraes, and when it does, the ice is but thin, and diflblves upon the lead appearance of the fun. In th.; hot weather, the people are happy when the wind blows from the S. K. becaufe it keeps off the fea- weeds which othcrwifc would float to the there, and corrupt there. The appearance of two remarkable c.juds, which frequently hang over the fummits of the two mountains of Table-hill and I>evil-hill, com> monly enable the inhabitanu of this country to prog- nofticate what weather will happen. The ckiuds are at fird fmall, but gradually increafing, they at length unite into one cloud, which invelops both mountams, when a terrible hurricane foon enfues. A gentleman, who redded many years at the Cape, fays, '* The Ikirts of this cloud are white, but feem much compaifter than the matter of common clouds. The upper parts are of a lead colour, owing to the refracted rays of light. No rain falls from it, but at times it difcovcrs great humidity, when it is of a darker hue ; and the wind ilfuing from it is broken, raging by guds of Ihort continuance. In its ufual Hate, the wind keeps up its hid fiiry, unabated for one, two, or ihne, or eight days, and fometinKS a whok: month. The cloud feems all the time undiminifbed. though little fleeces are fcen torn from the ikirts from time to tinK. and hurried down the fides of the hills, vaniihing when they reach the bottom ; fo that during the (lorm the cloud feems to be fupplied with new water. When the cloud be- gins to brighten up, thofe fupplies fail, and the wind proportionably abates. At length the cloud growing tranfparent, the wind ceafes." During the continue %nce of the S. E. witv ., the Table>vaUey is torn by furious whirlwinds. If they blow warns, they arc ge- nerally of (hort duration, and in this cafe the cloud foon difappears i but when the wiad bk>ws cold, it is a fure fign it willlaft long, except an hour or two at noon, or midnight, when it feems to recover new flr'-ngth, and afterwards renews its boifterous rage. Near the Cape the water of the ocean is of a green colour, owing principally to the coral Ihrubs, and the weed called tromba. The fidl, while in the water, are green and foft ; but when expoicd to the air, they grow hard, and change their colour to white, black, or red. The latter arc ten or tvirclvc feet in length, hotlow Within, and wlKn dry, become firm and flrong. They are often framed into trumpets, and tht fouiuj the v pro duce is very agreeable to the ear. The fources ofthe rivers in this ( oiintry arc in tlr mounttins : they elide over a gravelly bottom, itt clear, pleafant, and falubrioiis ; b«ir other llrcam's ars dark, muddy, and unwholefome. Here arc a lew brackilh fprings, whofe waters niedicinallv ufed, grfativ purify the blooc^ t and feveral hot bath* art very cHici. cioua in various difordcrs. Upon the whole, the repu- tation ofthe Cajie waters is fo great, that every Danifl, (liip returning frnn India, is obliged to fill a larwcaik with the clear fwcet water that abounds here lor the uic of his Danilh majefty. The foil in general about the Cape confifls of a cUuv earth, and isfofat, that it requires but little manuring White and red chalk are found in abundance; the former is ufed by the Dutch, to whitewalh their hcut like an arih, and covered with mats or Ikins, and Come- times both: they arc of an oval ligurc, the middle ol the tent being .nboiit tiu- height of a man, and de- crealing gradu..ilv /'the [V)les being (hortcr) towards each end, the li>well an h, which is the door or en- trance, being about three ti'ct high, as is the oppofue arch at the other end; the longell ciianietcr of the tent being about twelve or (ourfecn feet, and the ihorielt ten; and m the imddle of the tent is a fltallow hole about a vard diameter, in which they make thctr fire, and round which the whole laiiiily, coiililling of nine or ten people of all ages and Icxcs, lit or lie night and day in i'u- h a (moak (when it is r«ld, or they arc dief- ling of vichials) that it is im(X)irible tor an European to bear it, there being ufually no vent tior the imoak hut the door, though Unwe h.iVe fecn a hole in the top of Ibnu- of their huts, to let out the fmoak, and give them light. Such a cirilc of tents or huts as has been ilcJcribcd, is called by the Hottentots a kraal, and (omc- tunes bv the iMiropeans a town or village; l»ut livms to be imre priijietU a c.Ttnp : for a town conlilis of more fublV.intial lunidingi, and is Icldoni capable of being removed from one place to atuMhcfi whercae thefe dwellings coniil( of nothing more than Imall tont-iKiles, covi rid with ikins or mats, which arc move- able, and cirried u^vay upon thoir baggage oxen when- ever they rrmuve with tlu-ir heiiU to a dilfant pallure. .\> to the turiuiure of their tents; they confill of little more th;iii their mantles whi-h they lie on, lonK other iXins ill uild beallk thev have killed or piirchalcd, an e.inhen |xit thcv bin! their iiie.it in, their arms, and perhaps foinc other trivial utenlils. The only domelhck aniiiuls ihey keep, arc dou^, .u ii^ly in their kind as thru maimers, but exceeding uiirlul to them in driving and ilefending their catile. I'he Hottentots are agreed bv all to be the la/.iert gc- ncr.ition under the fun: thcv uill rather Uarve, or eat dried iki'is, or Ihoe fules at home, than hnnr for their food ; and yet, when ih;y apply theml'elves lo the chacc, or any other cxcrtire, no people are more aciive and dexterous thill the Hiiiiiiitius; and they ferve the Kuropians ottcn with the grcatcit fidelity and applira- turn when they contract to lerve them for wages: (lirv arc alio exceeding genvrous and hoipitabic i they will fcarcc cat a piei c o! veiiiluii, or a dilh oi lilh they have ratihed, or dunk their beloved diams alone, hut rnll in their lu ighlwutt to pirtake with thrin as far lu it IV ill go. ("uaccrning their govirnincnf, pcciple agree, that every nation has its king oi chu I, called k(>tu|uer, whoie auiliuriry devoiscs upon bun by hereditary f'uccellion ; a'lj tbif ilier do n'H prcicml lo cli-d their rrfpedtivc fowcreigns. That this chief l«f ihc pnwfi- f,r ,^ > ■ peace and war, and prefides lA tril thf,r conn ''^ courts of j off ice: but thru his mnihonry is fai!)""""' limired; "and that he can dftfrminc ninhiniM '? ''' the confent of the c.iptains of the fi'\erjl krail" '" fecm to be the Hottentot fenaw. The captjjn J' ^^ kraal, whofe ollice is hereditsry Blfn, i^ th^'j^ If's f''''' time of war. and chief msgiUme ot' h.s kraal it! "^ of peace, and, with the head of ev' tering tr;l1cs. In their councils their king "j,,"f''- heels in the centre, anel the c.iptoins of t.Hc krr " ill like manner round about him. .^t his arccli" '" is ("aid, he prftniifes to ohtirvc their nirionsl ^(1'"' " and gives them an cntertainm. nt, killim. an ot""^\' two or three fliecj). u[V)n the ..cialifm; on whi'h'il fealls his captains, but their wives areonh- entcit'i .! with the brorh -, but then the next d.iv, «r are toM h Hottentot maiftty treats the ladies, ami their hub i are put off' in like manner » iih the (imp. ' Ihe oiprain of each kraal alio, at h-s afccflion gages to of)ferve the ciilloins of his krid. undm?" an entertainment for the mm, as his l.idj ,|],,„; ,|^, " day for the women, and, ih(»ugh thefc pcoulc'th"' tlieir chiels great rel^nVf, they allow neithrr thcr I or infci i>r magillrates any nvenue; iI-(t fnhijri"''' other familhs do. upon their ffoc-k of cattle and 'h" they take in hunting. ' *^' Having no notion of writing e«- letters they ran h no written laws, btr th^rt .iVe fonie anrient cu'llnmf Inim which they (oa>ce ever deviate. .Munjpr -tu' tery and robbery, they ccnffnntly pimifh with dath .md. If a perfon is lufiiecfcil of any of thefc crimes' the whole kraal jom in feiring and fh iiring him • hm the guilty pcrltMi foinrt itrws makes his efcape to ih mountains, where robbers aitd criminals Idee himfolf fecurc themtelvei from juflice. ami treqtiniilv nluni|,r' the neighbouring country , for no other kraal'or iiatioi, ot Hottentots will entertain n flrangrr, imlcfs he" known to thero, and can give a good reafnn fbr Uitm hii own kraal. It the ofhrmfer i« .^pprhnitfetl ihecii^ tain affcmWes the people of his kr.ial in a d.iy or two viho, making a rwig, and tkting down nivn ihcir heels, tlu; criminal is pfaced m the center nfthem • Ihc witnrires on both tides are heard, and the ,)»rt) lijflard to make his defence : athrr which, the cale being ,,m lidered. the c.-piain collcfts the fuffragi , of thruidirn' and. It a niajoriry condemn him, the prif.mrr h . v,' cuted on the fpot. The c.ipMin fiif^ fJrikes him uiih * tnintheon he carries in hi» li.ind. ;ind then flic nd nf the judges tall upon him and drub him to ilcith (hm wrapping up the cnrpfc in his krofJe or m.intli" 11 1, carried to fomc place diftant from the kraal, where ihr» bury It. In civil cabs alfi., the raiife is ditotmimd by a majority of voices, and fatiifa^'lion immcdi.uil. or dercd to ihc injured perfon, out of thi- gomls of the [>erfbn that ap^xrars to be m the wiong. | here is ,10 appeal to any other coiirii the king and his coiiinil confining of the captains ol the kraals, never imnpi.lc unlets in nutters that concern the public, 01 whrrt ihr kraals arc at vnriince. To which v«-c ma) .idd. th.it the Hottentot's caitlc and wriima! .flaie dcflrnd to his eldell f'on: he cannot difmherit him, or give hii eff'ei'ts to his other childnn, but, as lur pmpeity in lands, or any certain rt«l e they have no land marks or writ- iCTmricstoadiufl the exaft bounds of every nation, I hfv licqiiently difagrce about the limits of their rc- I (rctvt lountries j and, when any ncighbourin;^ nation 0KS thtirratilc upon a fpot of ground anotln-n laims, liMh (mn IS immectiatelv demanded ; and, il it be not I'mn, thev make reprifals, and have rccouric ;o armv llti'his 15 not the only occafinn 01 wari amongH the iHommois; they are not always that challe and vir- ItMsiTnplf Mr. Kolben has repreCenteil ttieiv! t Come Iitrnptmi,' Helen (tor Hottentots poinbly ma> anpnr limuhlc In one another's eyes, with all the grralc and lurtion ihcy i;ie floathcd with) has fmitten a neigh- |»iniii!chiel, iK'ihaps, who prevails on his pcoblc to liiilfliim ill the rape of the delired lenialei «iui this litniacxl) fe'v their tribes together by the ears. The iMm' mh ofhen Oaltlc is anot! -r taule of deadly Ivfrjiir thiiiigh each kraal pliniflirt theft 'among litanlilvcs with death, yet it is loqkctl U(xin as an hc- iMicj.'ltoKili thofe ot another niwiont at Icaft khc II* ot the [>w\)k art fo Iwckward in giving up the ittmlr, thiii ihc) lr«iuchily eoine to Wows upon it. When they march into the field, every man follows his particular captain, the chief of his kraal: they obferve little order; neither do they take the precau- tion of throwing up trenches to defend thcrtlfelves : and what is dill more (brpridng, have no (hiclds to defend thcmfclvea againlt miiTivc weapons, thoilgh foine lay they will ward off a lance or dart, and even a rtonc, with a little trunthcon about a tisot long, which they carry in their hand. The fcvcral companies ad- vance to the t^harge at the command of their chief j and, when thofc in the front have (hot one flight of arrows, they retreat and make room for thofe in the rear ; and, when they have difcharged, the former ad-* vance again, and thus alternately they continue till they have (pent all their miflive weapons, and then they have rccourfc to ((ones, unlefs they are (irft broken and difpcrfcd by a troop of bulls ; for the wife chiefs and ge- nerals of cichlide, according to the European pradice, remaining on an eminence in the rear, to obferve the fortune ot the day, when they obferve their people arc hard prclfed, give the word of command to their corps de refetvc of nulls, who break inro the body of the enemy, and generally bring all into confufion; and that (ide that picfcrves their order beff, on this furious attack of theic bulls of Bafan, are fure to be vido- rioui. The (kill of the general fecnis to be chiefly in managing his bulls ; who never engage each other, but Ipcnd their whole rage upon the men, who have, it Items, no doj's of linglilh biced to play againft them, or this (\ratagcm would be of little fervicc: but w« I'lould have obfcivcd, that as the battle always begins « ith horrid cries and rtoife, w hich perhaps fupplica the place of drutiis and trumpets; lb the vidors inlult with no lefs nolle over the conijucrcd enemy, killing all that tail into their hands: but they feldom fight more than one battle, fume neighbouring power ufually interpofing to make up the quarrel, and of late the Dutch per- form this good oftice, between fuch nations as lie near their fetttcinents. From their wars with each other, we naturally proceed to their wars with wild bcalfi, with which their country abounds more than any other jthefe people, it fecms, eftecm it a much greater honour 10 have killed one of thcfe foes to mankind, than an ene- my of their own fpecies. Iiilhnces are not wanting of a Hottentot's engaging (higly with the fierceft wild beafts, and killing them; but ufually the whole kraal or village alTcmble, when a wild heart is difcovered in their neighbourhood, and, dividing themfelves ih ("mall parties, endeavour to fur- round him. Having Coo nd their enemy, they ufually fct up a great cry, at which the frighted animal endea- vours to break through and cfcapc them : if it prove to be a rhinoceros, an elk, or elephant, they throw their latircs at him, darts and arrows being too weak to pierce through their thick hides: if the bead be not killed at the (irrt diicharge, they repeat the ittatk, and k)ad him with their fpears ; and, as he runs with all his rage at the peifons who wound him, thofe in his rear Wlow him clofe, and ply him with their fpean, on whom he turns again, but is overpowered by his enemies, who conrtantly return to the ehaige, when his baek is to- wards them, and fearcc ever fail of bringing ^hc crea- ture down, before he has taken his revenge on any of thqn. How ha?.ardous foevcr fuch an engagement may appear to an European, thefc people make it their (port I and have this advantage, that they arc cxcecd- ing fwift of ll)ot, and (larcc ever iiiif^ die mark they aim at with their fpears: if one of them is hard preffed l>y the brute, he is fure to be relieved by his compa- nions, who never quit the field till the bcaft is killed, or makes his cfcape: tholiuh they fometimes dcxtc- roully avoid the adverfary, they immediately return to the ('harge, fubduinu the (lerccrt either by Hraugemor forc>:. When attacKirig a lion, a leopard, or a tygcr, ihetr darts and arrows arc Of fervicc to themt and ihcfefbre they begin the engagement at a greater dif* tance, than '^m they charge an elephant or rhino* cerosi and the creature has a wood of darts and ar- rows upon hi) badt, bi^fbre he can approach his ene* niies, which maltc him'fr and as many (hcep, upon his marriage, ^' i with thefc he mull make his way in the world ; '!|iMcdo not firtd they give more with their daughters hin a i^ow, or a couple of flieep ; but the latter are to r returned to the father, if the bride dies without taina h*'' ^"y children : on the contrary, if fhe ever rjjjjny children to her huiband, the portion becomes y. cNcii thiHigh the children are defundl. They do ■ lovcihcir daughters, or younger font, anything "tfn they die i but all the childrbn depend upon the \a brother, and are his fervante, or rather Haves, 'hill tlic lather is dead, unlefi the elder brother iniran- Vc them; nor has the mother any thing tofubfift on, but «hai the cideft fon allows he. There being no fit fortunes among them, they match purely for Lc an a(!;rccablc companion is all their grcatell men iiii'at: their chiefs intermarry frequently with the ^[cll man's daughter) and a brave fellow, who has ^fortune, docs not defpair of matching with the ilijghtcrof a prince. A widow, who marries a fecond time, is obliged to cut off a joint of one of her fingers ; inJ fo for every huiband Ihc marries after the firft. Ei- ther nun or uoman may be divorced, on Ihcwing fuf* ficient caufc before the captain and the reft of the kraal ; ilif »onun, however, muft not mairy again, though the nun is allowed to nurry, and have as many wives „ he pleafcs at the fame time. A young HvtteiKot ^ta u mifter of a hut or tent till he marric.^, unlcfs hii lather dies and leaves him one: therefore the firft bo.incfi the bride and bridegroom apply themfelves to, ,i;([ their marriage feaft, is to ereii a tent or hut of all Kt m.u.'i lals, in which work the woman has as great a dure as I'lc man < and this taking them up about a «ak's time, (he new married couple are entertained in th.' mean tunc in the tents of fome of their relations. \\,^cn tiny rcfurc to their new apartment, and come to klip houle together, the wife fccms to have much the Brtatill ili.trc of the trouble of it : Ihe fodders the cat- ilf, milks them, t iiti out the firing, fearches every DKiin IV.; lor roots lor iheir tboit, brings them home, inJiniil. nrhroiU them, while the drone of a huiband liciiiviiileMilv .It home, and will fearce give himfelf the trouble ul getting iiu to cat when the ttxid is provided for him Hy the Jruiige hu wife. The man wives he Kn, ilill the more indolent life he leads, the care of iTjIiing provition fur the family being thrown upon them. It in faid he will, in hit turn, attend his cattle in the field i but expctits every one of his wives (hould do, at loll) as much towards taking care of them as hf Jof<. lie will alio, fometimrs, but very rarely, go ihuiiin^ with the men of his kraal, and bring home a piocut vcnifun, or a diih of filh i but this is not of- tci; and if he is of any handicraft trade, he may work at it;iu) or three hours in a week, and mftru(ft his chil- didi in tlic art. He alfo takes upon him to fell hii citile, and uiirchafe tobacco, andilrnng liquors of the I)ii: h, vMtli neccifary tools, beads and other orna. t\'w.\ lor which the Hotteniois barter away their cat- i : iheir wives are not (Krniitied to intermeddle in the Ihjiiiii1> ul buying ana licllmg, this being the foic .No. li. r<,» prerogative of the man. When a woman brings a liv- ing fon into the world, thtre is great rtjoiciiigi but the firft thing they do with the child, is to daub it i\\ ovef with cow-dungi then thev lay it before the fire, or in the f{:in, till the dung is dried ; after which they rub it off, and wafh the child with the juice of certain herbs, laying it in the fun, or before the fire again, till the li- quor is dried in, after which they anoint the child froih head to foot with butter, or fliceps fat melted, which is dried in as the juice was : and this cuftom of anoint'* ing their bodies with fat, they retain afterwards as long as they live. After the child has been thus fmearec) and greafed, the mother gives it what name fhe thinks proper, which is ufually the nartie of fome wild beaft^ or domeftic animal. When the woman is well again, and able to leave her hut, (he rubs herfeU all over with cow-dung; and this filthy daubing is by thefe delicate people termed a purification. Being thus delightfully perfumed, and elegantly decorated with fticeps guts, (he is permitted to go abroad, or to fee company at home. If the woman has twins, and they are girls, the m.in propofes it to the kraal, that he may cxpofe one of them, cither upon pretence of poverty, or that his wif'e has not milk for them both ; and this they ufually in- dulge one another in ; they do the fame when they have a boy or girl ; but always preferve t'le boys, though they happen to have two at a birth. The expolcd child is carried to a diftance from the kraal t and if they can find a cave or hole in the earth, that fome wild bcaft has made, they put the child alive into it i and then having ftopped up the mouth of the den with ftones or earth, leave it there to ftarve: if they cannot meet fuch a cavity, they tie the infant to the lower bougb of a tree, or leave it in fome thicket of bulhes, where it is fretjucntly deftroyed by wild beafts. They do not deal thus, however, as has been obicrved, by their male children : on the birth of a boy, they kiil a bullock ; and if they have tw ins, two bullocks ; and make an entertainment for all the neighbourhood, who congratulate the parents on their good fortune ; and, at with us, the grcateft rejoicings arc on the birth of the firft fon. The malc^, at about ten years of age, are always deprived of their left tcfticlc; the operation is j>er- formed with a dexterity that would furprize an Luro-> pcan furgeon, ami bad confequences are feldom or ne- ver known to enfue. A fheep is killed, and great re- loicings are made upon thcoccationi but it is lobeob- lerveo, that the men tievour all the meat, and allow the wonien nothing hut the broth. The reafon of this abfurd cuftom of mutilating thtir male youth is un. known t fome of the Hottentots fay, it is to make them ninfwift; but the grcateft part of thefc people give their general reafon, which they ufe upon all occalicms, when they are unable to account for any of their abfurd praiflicest namely. That it is the Hottentot cuftom i and has been pra(:fifed by their anceftort time imme- morial. At the age of eighteen, the male Hotuntots, being deemed men, are admitted into male focicty : the men of the village (if it may Ik fo called) fquat down, and form a circle, as is ufual upon moft public ncca- lions, the youth fquats down without the circle, at fome diftance. The oldcft man of the kraal then iifes from the rircle, and, having obuincd the general confent for theadmiHion of a new member, he goes to the youth, acquaints him with the detcrtnination of the men of the kraal, and concludes his harangue with fume vcrfcs, which admonilh him m behave like a man for the fu- ture. The youth lieing then daulxd with foot and fat, and well fprinklcd with urine, is congratulated by the company in general in a kind of chorus, which contains the following wifticg: that good fortune may attend him, that he may live long, and thrive daily ; that he may fnon have a beard, and many children ; till it it univcrfally allowed he is a ufeful man to the nation. A feart concludes the ceremony ; but the youth himfelf is not permitted to participate of any part thereof till all the reft are ferved. Having been thus admitted into taale fnrjety, it is expeiHed that he ftiould behave ill to a V. ' women m^ mm I' k\ Ik 11:11 w'' '! :' ^1 -. ; :; -J. , iw ■^:: ym 't'' 1111 ir I hjJ'^'.'' m. v ; 1 \i •; :m I02 ^\^ft' Capt. C O O K's V O Y A G E S C O M P L E T E. women in general, and to his mother in particular, in order to evince his contempt of every thing fcminme. Indeed it is ufual for a youth as foon as admitted, to go to his mother's hut, and cudgel her heartily, for which he is highly applauded by the whole kraal j and even the furtering parent herfelf admires him for his fpirit, and protefts that the blows do not give her fo much pain, as the thoughts of having brought fuch a mcttle- fome fon into the world aft'ord her pleafure. The more ill treatment he gives his mother, the more eftecm he obtains ; and every time he (Irikcs her flic is in the higheil raptures, and thanks providence for having blefll-d her with fuch a fpiritcd child. So cgregioufly will cullom counteract the very didates of nature, and impofc upon the underftanding of the ignorant. It may be proper now to fay fomethmg of thofc officers amongft them, which the Europeans generally deno- minate their prieHs. Thefc perfons are called furri or mal>er, and are elected by every kraal : they are the men who perform the ceremony of making water at tlii'ir weddings, and other fcftivals; the furri alfo is the pcrfon who extrads the left tetlicle from the young males at eight years of age; for all which he has no ftated revenue, but a prefent now and then of a calf or a lamb, and makes one at all their entertainments. Kvery kraal alfo has its phyfician, as well as its prielt, who are perfons that have foinc Ikill in phylic and fur- gcry, aud particularly in tlie virtues of falutary herbs: thefc alfo arc chofcn by a majority of voices, and make it their bulincfs to look after the people's health: bi c have no other reward neither for their pains, than voluntary prefents. And fuch is the opinion of the Hottentots of thefenhylicians, that, if they cannot effeift a cure, they conclude they arc certainly bewitched ; as tht doifbor himfclf alfo never fails to give out: where- upon application is made to fome pretended con|urcr for relief: and if the patient happens torecovcr, it gives the cunning man, as we call him, a mighty reputation. I'he phyfician and furgeon, as has been hinted, it the fame perfon; and though thefc gentlemen fcarce ever faw a body ditrecled, it is faid, they have pretty good notions of anatomy : they cup, bleed, make amputa- tions, and rcftorc dilliKatcd limbs with great dexteri- ty : cholicks and pins in the Uomach tney relieve by cupping. Their cup is an horn of an ox, the edges cut very fninoth ; the liodor, having fucked the part where the pain lies, claps on the cup; and, after it has le- maincd fome time, till he thinks tht part is infcnfible, he pulls oti the horn-cup, and makes two or three in- ciiions, halt an inch in length, with a common knife, having noother inftrumcnt: after which, he applies the cup again, which falls ort' when it is full of blood, but the patient, it is laid, fulFcrs great pain in the operation. If the pain removes to another part, they rub it with hot fat; and, if that docs not eafc the pain, they ufe the cup again on the part lall aticcicd ; and, it the fccond i upping does not relieve the patient, they give him in- ward medicines, being infutions or powders of certain dried roots and herbs. They let blood in plethories and indilJMlitions ot that kind, having no other inOru- inent than a common knife; and if bleeding will not effect the cure, they give the patient phylic. For head- achs, which they arc pretty much fubjcft to in calm weather, they fhave their heads in furrows, as they do when they are in mourning; but a brilk gale of wind ufually carries olV the head at h, without any other ap- plication ; and this they do not often want at the cape. They feldoin make any other amputations, than of the fingers ol luch women as marry a fecond time, or ofccncr: and, in this cafe, they bind the joint below that which is to be cut o'l very tight, with a dried linew, and then cut o(T the joint at once with a knife, Itop- ()ing the blomi with the juice of myrrh-leaves i alter ivhi'h, they wrap up the linger in fome healing herbs, and never any part of the linger receivei any hurt ln- yond the aiuputatinn. I'hey iuvc little or no (kill in letiiii)'; fractured limbs; but arc pretty dexterous ac rc- lloring of dillocations. The 1 lottcntot phylician, in cafe he meets with a foul i^Mii ich, gives the luicc of aloe leaves; and, if one dofc anvl will not do, repeats if two or three days • and f inward ail, they give chieHy the powders.'or inf„c ■ wild fagc, wild figs and fig leaves, buchu !>'' tcnnel : but, whatever the difeafe be; it fcems ,l " * tient never tails to facrilice a buHock. or a (hZ P'". his recovery. '"'^^P.uponl f 'j;'^* "°."*^""«'' «7= exceedingly fuperftitious ,„, fond of divination. In order to know the fate of ? I perfon. they flay a fheep alive: after havine it.il- '•'^''1 tircly taken otf, if the poor animal is able to <;„ , '"-I run away, it is deemed a propitious omen • but I contrary, if the excruciating pain kills it thcv im • that the patient will certainly die, and accordinaY*"' him up intirely to nature, without takinjT anv fn^fJM care of him. b ""/'urthcrl Whatever they believe of departed fouls thpvt, no notion cither of heaven or hell, or of a ilateot d wards or puniflimcnts; this is evident from the i!" haviour of a dying Hottentot, and thofe alx.„thi„ neither he nor his friends offer up anv prayer, JT''\ gods for the falvatinn of his foul for even ment on ,k" Itate of departed fouls, or their apprchenlions of i, being happy or miferable after death : however th fet up terrible bowlings and fhriekings. whcnthcS' man is in his lart agonies ; and yet thrtl very »» j are frequently guilty of murdering their ant.ent DiZ as well as their innocent children ; for when the Lhtr ( a family is become perfct'tly ufelefsand fuperannuaVfH he IS obliged to allign over his flock of cattle, and evr^ thing elfc he has in the world, to his eldeft fon • anH' default of fons, to his next heir male: after which th" ' heirereih a tent or hut in fome unfrequented nlacf i good diftance from the kraal or camp he belA- , ' i and, having alTcmblcd the men of the kraal acawin? them with the condition of his fuperannuat'cd rclatim and defirea their confent to cxpofe him in the dillant hut ; to which the kraal fcarce ever refufc their confent Whereuiwn a day being appointed to carry the old nun I to the foJitary tent, the heir kills an ox. and twoorthml 1 Iheep, and invites the whole village to feall and he merry with him; and at the end of the entenainmcnt all the neighbourhood come and take a formal leave of the old wretch, thus condemned to be Itarved or dc voured by wild hearts : then the unfortunate creature is I laid upon one of their carriage oxen, and carried tohii lall home, attended to the place, where he is to be buried ahvc bv moft of his neighbours. The old man beinir taken down, and fet in the middle of the hut providd for him, the company return to their kraal, and he never fees the face of a human creature afterwards- thcv never lb much as enquire whether he was ftarvcd to death, or devoured by wild beafis : he is no more thought of, than if he had never been. In the fame manner they deal with a fupcrannuatcd mother; only as the ha< , noihing lliecan call her own, fhe has not the trouble of : alligning her effcas to her fon. Whenever the Hotten- tots are upbraided with this unparallelled piece of bar- barity, they reply, it would be a much greater cnieity to furter an old creature to languifh out a miferable life, and to be many years a dying, than to iii.ike this quick difpatch with them; and that it is out of their extreme tendernefs they put an end to the lives of thcfe old wretches ; all the arguments in the world againil the inhumanity of the cuftom, can make no impreflion on them: and, indeed, as long as the Dutch have re- tided at the cape, they have not been able to break them of one tingle cullom, or prevail with them to alter any prt of their condurt, how barbarous or abfurd foevcrt and, it feemt, the captain of a kraal is not exempted from feeing his funeral folemnizt 1 in this manner, while he is alive, if he happens to Income ufelefs. And this leads us to treat of fuch fiuicrals as arc folemnized after the perfiin is really dead. The fick man, having rcfigned his breath, is im« meiliately bundled up, neck and heels together, in his threp-lkm mantle, exccedmg clofe, lb that no part of the corpfe appears: then the captain of the kraal, with fome of the fcniors, fearch the neighbouring couniry for fome cavity in a rwk, or the den of a wild bearf, to bury it in, never digging a grave, if they can find one! cook's first VOYAGE— for making Di/covenes iii the Sout6 Seas Si round the ff^orlJ. \ o3 Is im linhis Ixrt ot' 1 with lumry Ibeait, find one of thcfc within a mwleratc diftancc. After which ?hc whole kraal, men and women, prepare to attend.thc nrofe ftldoni permitting it to remain above ground ore than lix hours. When all things arc ready, all "he neighbourhood aflemble before the door of the dc- calcd the men fitting down on their heels in one *^rcle,'a"J refting their elbows on their knees (their *^Li'pofture) as the women do in another: here they ",,, their hands, and howl, crying, Bo, bo, bo! (i.e. father) lamenting their lofs. The corpfe bemg then brnucnt o\it on that fide the tent, where the perfon Lj and not at the door, the bearers carry him in ilicir arms to the grave, the men and women follow it . jjiferent parties, but without any manner of order, minK all the way. Bo, bo, bo! and wringing their hinds and performing a thoufand ridiculous gcftures and grimaces, which is frequently the fubjedl of the Dutchmen's mirth; it being impoflible, it is faid, to forbear laughing at the antic tricks thejr fliew on fuch occafion. Having put the corpfe into the cavity prepared for it, they ftop up the mouth of it with ant [ill* Hones, and pieces of wood, believing the ants will l«d'on the corple, and foon confume it. The grave being Hopped up, the men and women rendezvous J in before the tent of the deceafed, where they repeat ,j„.ir howling, and frequently call upon the name of their departed friend: after which two of the oldcft mtn eet up j and one of them going into the circle ^,f the men, and the other into the circle ot the wnicn, urine upon every one of the company ; and, where the kraals are fo very large, that two cannot find «ter enough for this ceremony, ihcy double or treble ■he number. Then the old men go into the tent of Ihtdcccafcd; and. having taken up fome afhrs from ,i^ lire-place, they fprinkle them upon the bodies of iV people. blcHing them as they go: and if the dc- cciicd was a perfon of diftindion. this is adcd over jciin fcvcral days. But we (Iwuld have remembered, ihiithc ceremony always concludes with anentertain- „„t It the deceafed had any cattle, a flicep is killed oil the oicafion; and the caul being jwwdercd with l^^hu, i« tied about the heir's neck, who is forced tp rat it while it rots of»', which is no great penance, all links being perfumes to a Hottentot. All the relations ^fo wear the cauls of (hecp about their necks; which (frcms i» their mourning, unlefs the children of the dtcflifed arc fo poor, that they cannot kill a (heep ; iiktthen ihcy fliave their heads in furrows of about an inch broad, leaving the hair on of the fame breadth drtwicn every furrow. It ij not an eafy matter to come at a Hottentot s rc- lipous notions , he is fparing of his words, and laconic jrhij anfwcrs upon ali ot'calions; but when religious mts are introduced, he generally conceals his Icnti- Btnis m filence. Some on this account have doubted iVthcr the Hottentots have any religion at all : but the Bcft intelligent among the Dutch at the cape oofitivcly im, that they believe in a Supreme Being, whom thi y WtCiounya Taquoa, or (lod of gotls, and fancy thai k place of rcfidencc is beyond the moon. They allow ilwdounya Tauuoa is a huma.i v.nevolent being, yet inhaveno modeof worihippinghim; for which they Mihis reafon, "That he curfed their firl^ parents far iLing greatly offended him, on which accoimt their i(ii(|{niyTcl them to it: but, whcnihi do, no people work harder, or more indetatigihlj for they never leave a piece of work, till they hJ finiflied it. The ivory-turner makes the ivory rings that are wfl, nrnamentaliv alxHit the armti and conlidcring tn his only tool is a common clafp knife, which he pi cures from the Dutch, the worknianfliip has (;n merit. The potter or maker of earthen vellcls is anoil art ; but this, it feems, they are all dexteroui at, cvl family making the pott and pant they want. For th| tl '^^ cook's first VOYAGE— for making Difcoverks in the South Sias&n Round the U^orld. 105 ihev ufe only the earth of ant-hills, clearing them of lUfandand gravel 1 after which, thef work it together tfith the bruifed ant-eggs, that are faid to conftitute an rttraordinary cement. When they have moulded thefe miicrials into a kind of paQe, they take as much of Ihciu as will make one of their pots, and falhion it by hand upon a flat ftone, making ir • the form of a Ro- min urn ; then they fmooth it vv ithin and without very circfully, not leaving the leaft roughncfs upon the fur- (,«. and having dried it in the fun two or three days, thcv put the pot into a hole in the ground, and burn it, bv nuking a fire over itj and, when they tatc it our, .Lpcars perfoflly black: every family alfo make their Ji mats, with which they cover their tents or huts ; Ijjit this is chiefly the bufinofs of the women : they ga- ther the flags and rulhes by the river iiiic, or weave or pUt ihcin into mats fo clofely, it is laid, that neither the weather or light can penetrate them. Thclart artificer we fhall mention is the rope- maker, ,ho has no better materials, than fuch flags and ruflics ,i the mats arc made of; and yet they appear alsnofl as llrong as thofe made of hemp : the Dutch, at the cape, buvandufe them in ploughing, and in draught-car. As to the way of travelling here, the natives all thive' n foot, except the aged and infirm ; and thefe are fiirjicd on their baggage oxen. As there arc no inns or pliccs lor rcfrcflunent, the travelling Hottentot calls at liir kraals in his way, where he meets with a hearty Kkomc from his countrymen, who endeavour to fliew their hofpitality to llrangcrs, whether of their own country or of Europe. Such indeed is the general ur- (aniiy of thefe people, and their Arid intc<.;rity when 1-1 coifiJtnce is placed in them, that when the Hol- bnicrs travel cither on foot or horfcback, if they can- not nach iin liuro|)can fettlemcnc, they alfo call at the jtuli of the Hottentots, where they arc complimented „;h a hut, and fuch proviliort as they have, or they luv lie in the area of the kraal, in the open air^ if th«y pifilt, and the weather be good ; and here they are ^urc both from robbers and wild healts ; lor the ^ihs hamtitci on the mountains are dangerous, as they (jvenu qjirter ; but the Hottentot nations in general I WJ tlicm in abhorrence, and unanimoufly concur in t iters' and punilhing them upon all occationit. Thiir language is very inarticulate and defeJlive ; I on:»ordlif;iiilics fcvcral things, the definitive meaning bciHtldotcninedby the manner of pronouncing j and ikc pronum lation is fo harfti and confufcd, thiit thty bnito Hammer in all they fpcak. I knee, though ilo arc c.ilily taught to underll.ind other langusges, tkncan fcldoin be brought to fptak them with any de- pot mtdligibilify. Wclhall here fubjoina fmall Hottentot voc.ibulary, Ikilii: l°atisfa(f)ion of the curious { khauna, lignifies a Unb; kgiiu, a gooCe ; buiiqvaa, trees; knonim, to bf; nuaiiua, a phcafmt 1 tkaka, a whale; horri, halts 111 HI ncral J knabou, a fowling piece; qua-ara- lb,a*ildiix; ouncqua, the arms ; quienkha, to fall; Lhinft-, a dng ; koukequa, a captain ; quas, the neck ; \^\ the ht-art ; kgoyes, a buck or doe ; tikquoa, a lioij; koinma, a houic; khoaa, a cat 1 kowkuri, iron ; Itailiikcrcy, a hi-n i thoukou, a dark night; tkoumc, lure; Hhoudic, a ilieep; toya, the wind ; ttkaa, a val- Ifciikaoiuiklau, gunpowder; kamkamina, the earth ; l(iiw«, thuiultr; duckatcre, a duck; kainma, water; Ifvha, an als ; nacw, the ears ; kirri, a flick 1 |wil)ha, the beard ; ka-a, to drink ; duricfa, an ox ; lltiUa, an ox of burden; oiinvie, butter; houteo, a IbJog: biki;ua, the head ; kamma, a flag : kouquil, 1 pigeon 1 anthuri, to-morrow ; kou, a tooih ; kha- Iwini, the devil ; hakqua, a horfe ; koo, a fon ; |lifflnm, a Urcam ; tika, grafs ; totjua, a wolf; koan- Y^M inouth ; khou, a pe.icock 1 gona, a hoy; gois, a Ipli khoakamiiia, a baboon ; kerhanehou, a liar ; l»,incyc: tquaifouw, a tyger. I the Hottentots have only ten numerical terms, likli ihcy repeat twice to exprcfs the multiplication of Ifclirltterm, and three times to cxprefs the ir-nuilti- Ifkation ot the latter. Their tcimi are : q'kui« one : No. 11. ■• k'kam. two; kouna, three; kakka, four; koo, five; nanni, fix; kounko, feven; khifli, eight; khaHi, ninej ghifli, ten. Thus have we given a circumflantial and full ac- count of the cape, its inhabitants, produdions and adja- cent country ; from whence the Trench, at Mauritius, are fupplied by the Dutch with falted beef, bifcuir, floar, and wine: the proviiions for which the IVencii contradcd this year were five hundred thoufand lb. weight of fait beef, four hundred thoufand lb. of flour ; lour hundred thoufand lb. of bifcuit, and one thoufand two hundred leagers of wine. We have only to add to this account a few obfervations on the bay, and gar- rifon. The former is large, fafe, and exceeding con- venient. It is indeed open to the N. W. winds, but they feldom blow hard ; yet as they fometimes occa- fion a great fea, the (hips moor N. E. and S. W. The S. E. winds blow frequently with great fury, but their direilion being right out of the bay prevents them from being dangerous. For the convenience of landing and {hipping goods, a wliarf of wood is rurt out near the town, to a proper diftance. Water is conveyed in pipes to this wharf, and many large boats and hoys arc kept by the Company to carry ftores and proviiions to and from the ihipping in the harbour. This bay is co- vered by a fmall fort on the E. fide of the town, and clofc to the beach ; and Is alfo defended by fcveral out- works and batteries extending along the Ihore, as well on this fide of the town as the other; neverthclefs they are by their fituation expofed to the fhipping, and in a manner defencelefs againft an enemy of any force by land. .Vs to the garrifon, this confifts of eight hun- dred regular troops, bcfides militia of the coiintr}-, in which lafl is comprehended every man able to bear arms. By lignals they can alarm the country in a very fliort time, and when thefe are made, the militia \i to repair iminedutely to their place of rendezvous in the town. 0,\ Sunday, the 14th of April in the morning, wc weighed, flood out of the bay, and anchored at five in the evening under Penguin, or Robin Ifland. Here we lay all night, and being prevented from failing by the wind, the Captain dilpatchcd a boat to the ifland for a few trifling articles, which wc had omitted to take in at the Ca()e: when our people drew near the fliorc, they were warned by the Dutch not to land at their peril. At the fame time fix men, armed with muf- (Hiets, paraded upon the beach. The commanding ollicer in the boat did not think it jnudcv to rilk the lives ol his men, on account of a few cabbages, and therefore returned without them to the fliip. To this illand the Dutch at the Cape banifli fuch criminals as ate not thought worthy of death, for a certain number of years, according to the nature of their crimes. They are employed as flavcs in digging limc-flonc, which though fcarce upon the continent is here in great abun- dance. A Daniih fliip touched at this ifland, having been refiifed affillancc at the Cape, and fending her boat on fliore, overpowered the guard, and then took as many of the criminals as were necelFary to navigate her home ; for flie had lofl great part of her crew by ficknefs. To this incident we attributed our rcpulfe; concluding, that the Dutch to prevent a fimilariefrue of their prifoners, had ordered their garrifon at thia place, not to fulfcr any boat of foreign nations to land the crew, and come afliore. On Thurfday the a 5th, wc put to fea, and about four o'clock in the afternoon died our mafler, Mr. Ro- bert Mollincux, a youth of gmid parts, but imhnp- pily for his own felf prelcrvation too much .iddicled to intemperance, a habit we would caution all thole who undertake long voyages to avoid, if they have any ic- gard to their perfonal fafety. Wc now continued our voyage without any other remarkable incident ; and on Monday the a9th, wc crofl'ed our firrt meridian, hav. ingtiicumnavigated the globe from E. to W. and con- fequently lofl adity, for which upon correcting our rec- koning at Datavia, we made an allowance. On Monday the I It of May, wc came to anchor at break of day, be- fore James's fgrt in the lUand of St. Helena; and as wc 2 D ■ " J. propofcd fiii' '' i: I Hi V If u . .. ' ^ il Wm ■B' m If r'li io6 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. propofed torefrefli here, Mr. Banks employed his time in vililing the moll remarkable places, and in furvcying every objeCl worthy of notice. St. Helena is lituaccd in the Atlantic ocean, in llx degrees W. longitude, and lixteen S. latitude, alinoll in the midway between Africa and America, being twelve hundred miles diftant from the former, and eighteen hundred from the latter. It was fo named by the Portuguefc, who difcovered it on St. Helen 's-day. This idand is 36 miles long, 1 8 broad, and about 61 in circumference. It is the fummit of an immenfc moun- tain riling out of the fca, and of a depth unfethomablc at a finall didance round it. It may be difcerned at fea, at above twenty leagues dittance, and icwks like a caftlc in the middle of the ocean, whofc natural walls arc of that height, that there is no fcaling them. The fniall valley called Chapel-valiey, in a bay on the eaft lidc of it, is defended by a battery of forty or fifty great guns, planted even with the water; and the waves dalh- ing perpetually on the ftiore, make it diflicult landing even here. There is alio one little creek belidcs, where two or three men may land at a un\c; but this is now defended by a battery of five or fix guns, and rendered inacccilible. No anchorage is to be found any where about the ifland, but at Chapcl-vallcy bay, and as the wind always fets from the S. E. if a fliip ovcrlhoois the ifland ever fo little, rtie cannot recover it again. The feat of volcanoes has been found to be the higheft part of the countries in which they are found. Hecia is the highcll hill in Iceland ; and the pike ofTencrirte is known to be the covering of fubterraneous fire. Thefc are rtill burning: but there are other mountains which bear evident marks of fire that is now cxtinCi : among thefe is St. Helena, where the inequalities of the ground, and its external furfacc, are evidently the ctfects of the linking of the earth ; and that this was cauftd by fubterraneous fire, is equally manifeft from the ftoncs, for fome of them, efpccially thofe in the bottom of the valleys, arc burnt almort to cinders. This il1and,as the Endeavour approached it on the ivindward fide, appeared like a rude heap of rocks, bounded by pre- cipices of an amazing height, and confiding of a kind of rtone, which Ihews not the leaft fign of vegetation: nor is it more promiling upon a nearer view, sailing along Ihorc, we came near the huge cliHs, that fccnied to over- hang the Ihip. At length we opened Chajjcl-vailcy, which rcfeiiibles a trench, and in this valley we difcovered the town. The (ides of it arc as naked as the dirt's next the fca ; but the bottom is flightly cloathed with her- bage. In its prefent cultivated Hate, fuch appeared the ifland to us ; and the firft hills mufl be palFcd, before the country difplays its verdure, or any other marks of fertility. In Chapcl-vailey, a little beyond the landing place, is • fort where the governor rclides with the garrifon j ond the town ftands juft by the fca-fidc. The greater part cf the houfcs arc ill built. The church, which wa» originally a mean flrudure, is in ruins; and the market-place nearly in the fame condition. The town conlilh of about forty or fifty buildings, conftnided after the Englilh fafliion, whither the pc3ple of the ifland rcfort when any (hipping appears, us well to anifl in the defence of the ifland, as to entertain the li^'ameii if they arc friends : for the governor has always kiitincls, on the higheft part of the ifland, to the wind- ward, vv ho give notice of the approach of all ftiipping, and guns arc thereupon fired, that every man may re- foit to his puft. It is impoiribic for an enemy to ap- proach by fca in the night tunc, and if difcovered the day before, preparations arc fpecdiiy made for his rc> i.cption. No^withflanding the ifland appears a barren rock on every fide, yet on the top it is covered with a fine layer of earth, producing grain, fruits, and herbs of various kinds; and the country alter we afcended the rock, is diverfificd with riling hills and |)lains, plantations of fruit trees and kitchen gardens, among which the houfes of the natives are mterfpcrfed, and in the open fields arc herds of cattle grazing, Ibme of which are fatted tu fupply the Ihipping, and the rclt furnifli the dairies 4 with milk, butter, and checfc. 1 logs, goats turlt and all manner of poultry alfo abound, and the fr well flored with filli. But ainidfl all this affluence X' people have neither bread nor wine of their own crow k for though the foil 'u proper for wheat, yet the that haibour in the rocks, and cannot 'bt; dcftro."i' cat up all the feed, before the grain is well out o/h?' ground; and though their vines flourifh and prod them grapes enough, yet the latitude is too hot "f" making wine. This they have therefore from 7 Canaries, the Madeiras, or the Cape, as wcl! as th flour and malt. Their very houfes arc fome of th brought from Europe ready framed, there being? tunberon the ifland, trees not taking deep root t, on account of the rock that lies fo near thefurfi" I however, they have underwood enough for ncccfTi^ ules. Btfides grapes, they have plantains, bananas f; '' lemons, and fuch other fruits as hot countries ufi.if' produce. They alfo raife kidney beans, ami fom' other kinds of pulfc in their gardens ; and the « ant of bread they fupply with potatoes and yams. In the year 1701, there were upon the ifljnj ibnnr 1 two hundred families, moft of them Enf;lii|, „, | Iccndcd from Enj^lifti parents. Kvery faimlv haj*^ 1 houfe and plantation on the higher part of the iflan/ where they look alter their cattle, fruits, ami kirchc garden. They fcarce ever come down to the tow " unlefs it be to church, or when the fliippinir arrjv^' when mofl of the houfes in the valley arcconvmtd i-'^' punch-houfei, or lodgings for their guefts, ,„ who they fell their poultry, and other commodities, i li they arc not fulfercd to purchafe any mrri;liatid7-ofl the ftiips that touch here. Whatever they want ntf foreign growth or manufafture, they arc obliged to b'A at the company's warchoufc, where twice every iniinth they may furnilh themfelvcs with brandy, Eurn-^ai or Cape wines, Batavia arrack, malt, beer, fu'ar'tca cortcc. china, and japan-ware, linen, callicocsl'ctin'/ muflins, ribbands, woollen-cloth and llulls.'and all manner of cloathing, for which they are allowed ih \ months credit. Among the very few native pr^iuc-i tions of this ifland muft be reckoned ebony, though the trees are now nearly cxtinft. Pieces of this wtwd arc frequently found in the vallies of a fine black colour and a hardncfs almoll ajual to iron ; thefe pieces how.' ever, arc fo (hoit and crooked, that no ufe can be'madf of them. There are few infers here, but upon the tun, of the highcll ridges a fpecics of fnail is found, which I has probably been there fin^c the original creation of! their kind. It is indeed very difficult to conceive Hot j any thing not formed here, or brought hither b) the j diligence of man, could find its way to a plicc foj fevered from the reft of the world, by fcas of immcnfc extent. The Portuguefc, who difcovered this ifland in ip2,| ftored it with hogs, goats, and poultry, and ufaltoj touch at it for water and frcfh provifions in thiirrf-j turn from India ; but we do not find they ever planiijj a colony here ; or. if they did. having delcrted it atia-l wards, the Englilh blaft-India Company tookpoflcliionj of the ifland A. D. 1600, and held it till 167], withoutj interruption, vhcn the Dutch took it by furprize. Ho*. ever, the Englilh, commanded by Capt. Munden, re- covered it again within the fpace of a year, and took three Dutch Eaft India (hips that lay in the road at the fame time. The Hollanders had fortified the land- ing place, and planted batteries of great guns to pre- vent a defcent ; but the Englifli being acquainted with a fmatl creek where only two men could go abreaft, climbed up to the top of the rocks in the night time, and appearing next morning at the backs of the Dutc|i,, they threw down their arms, and furreiidcrcd thcillandi without flriking a flroke : but, as we have before ob- ferved, this creeK has been fince fortified : fo th.v there is now no place where an enemy can make a dcfccni with any probability of fuccels. 1 The affairs of the Eafl-India Company arr nanaged here by a governor, deputy-governor, and ftorehouft- keeper, who have certain wtlcd fiilaries allowed, bt' fides a public tabic, well furnilhcd, to which all com. man^cti, cook's first voyage — for making Difcoveriei in the South Seas & round the World. 1 07 ndcrs mafters of (hips, and eminent pafTcngers are ""vomc- The natives fometimes call the relult of I *h' r deliberations fevere impofitions ; and though re- I I f micht perhaps he had from the company in Eng- d vet the unavoidahle delays in returning anfwcrs addrelTcs at that diftance puts the aggrieved under •V, hjrdftiips ; and on the other hand, was not the L»tion of this idand very ferviccablc to our home- fj.bound Eaft-India (hips, the conlUnt trouble and **ncnce would induce the company to abandon the 'fl ml' for though it is furni(hed with the conyenicncics f life the merchants find bo other profitable com- "Idiii'rt there. The matters of the plantations keep a It maw blacks, who, upon fcvcre trcataitfnt. ;hide temrelve's for two or three months together, keeping mone the rocks by day, and roving at night (or nvilions: but they arc generally difcovcred and "the children and dcfccndants of white people have ^thelcaiV red in their cheeks, in all other pUcca irthc tropics; but the natives of St. Helena are re- latkablc for their ruddy complexions and robuft c6%- fltutions. Their heathfulnefi may, in general, be iictibcd to the followmg caufcs. They live on the top fa mountain always open to the fca breezes that con- Ltlf blow here: they are ufually employed in the mpft healthful exercifes of gardening and hulbandry ; ,lit iilind is frequently refre(hed with moderate cooling jliowcrs; and no noxious fens, nor fait mar(hcs annoy j,,n,. They are ufcd alfo to climb the (Icep hill be- inKn the tow n in Chapel-valley and their plantation ; ,1,1 h hill is f« l^cep, that, having a ladder in the midJicof It, they call it Ladder-hill ; and this cannot t(HoidcJ without going three or four miles about j fo thJt they fcldom want air or excrcife, the great pre- (,rYm of health. As to the genius and temper of thffc iieopic they fecmcd to us the mo(^ honcfl, the n>oft mott'enfive, and the mo(\ hofpitable people we <,cf met with rf Englifh extradion, having fcarcc any tin.lurc of avarice or ambition. We afkcd fomc of tkm, if they had no curiofity to fee the reft of the wrld, and how they could confine themfelvea to fo (ml! a fpot of earth, fcfwrated at fuch a diftance from the reft of mankind.' They replied, that they enjoyed the nccelTaries of life in great plenty : they were nei- thtr nirthcd w ith excclTive heat, or pinched with cold : ihf) lived in perfed fccurity ; in no danger of enemies, cf robbers, wild beifts or rigorous feafons •, and were bppy m the enjoyment of a continued ftatc of health : thii as there were no rich men among them (fcarcc amr niamcr being worth more than a thoufand dollars) (o ihcrc «cre no poor in the ifland, no man being worth lifithan four hundred dollars, and confcqucntly not obliged to uiulergo more labour than was nccclTary to kcrp him in health. t>jr thoughts were now employed on returning to our native Inorc; and having lufliciently recruited our !'orc>, on Saturday the 4th of May, we weighed, and filled out of the roa*l in company with the Portland mnofwar, and his convoy, confifting of twelve fail of I'jil Indianicn. With this fleet wc continued our loiitrc tor I'.ngland until Friday the loth, when per- ctivinp; they out-luilcd us, and coi»ftqucntly might nuke their port helort us, Cspt. Ctwk, for this realon, iiudc the ligiul to fpeak with the Portland, upon which (apt. I'.llioti.aincon board the Endeavour; to whom a Itdtr for the Admiralty was delivered, with a box, con- tuning the common log books of the (hip, and the journals of fome of the ofliccrs. Wc did not lofc fight of the fleet till Thurfday the 23d, when they parted tminusj and about one oVlock in the afternoon, wc loll our lirft lieutenant, Mr. Hicks, an aclive, fkilful, judicious, and uleful officer. He died of a confuiiip- iion, of which lingering difordcr he difcovcred 1 mic fympioms when he left England; fo that it may be truly M«5 i^\ ^ri^atti'f'AiMs, iii"M(>»>fi8fi «*t'; »>fc'*>%^'>) ia InwJtti ■ faid, that he was dying the whole voyage; and his de- cline Wis very gradual till we arrived at Batavia, from whence to the time of his diifolution, the flow con- fuming difcafe gained ftrcngth daily. The whole fliip's company attended the funeral rites, and in t'e evening wc committed his body to the fca with the ifual cere. monies. The next day the Captain appoi ted Mr. Charles Clerk, a young man, to adt in the ^om of Mr. Hicks. We now every day drew nearer our defired haven ; but what muft be the condition of our once good Ihip, the Endeavour, may callly be itnagincd, from a flight recolleiition of the hardlhips flic- had fiirmounted, and the dangers (he had providentially efcapcd. At this time our rigging and fails were fo weather-beaten, that every day fomething was giving way. However, we held on our courfe, without any material occur- rence that might endanger our fafety, till Monday the , loth of June, when, to our great joy, Nicholas Young, the boy who firft difcovcred New Zealand, called out land from the maft head, which proved to be the Li- zard. The next day, being Tuefday, the eleventh, we proceeded up the channel. On Wcdncfday the izth, with the plcafing hopes of feeing our relatives and friends, ckeiMng ("cnfations not to be dcfcribed by the pen of the moft able writer, we pafTed Beach y Head. At noon, to our inexprcfTiblc joy wc were a-breaft of Dover; and about three o'clock, P. M. wc came to an anchor in the Downs. When we. landed at Deal, our (hip's company indulged freely thlt mirth, and fociablc jollity, common to all Englifli fuiiors upon their return from a long voyage, who as readily forget hardfhips and dangers, as with alacrity and bravery they en- counter them. Wc cannot clofc this book without joining in that fcneral cenfure, which has been julUy bellowed on Dr. lawkefworth, the late compiler of a former account of this voyage of the Endeavour. An infidel may imbibe what deiftical chimeras may be beft adapted to the gloomy temper of his mind; but wc cannot but think him highly culpable in forcing them into a work of this kind; for though it may be faid, that, with refpcd to efficient and final caufcs, the opinion of a general and particular Providence will form one and the fame conclufion, yet wc think it is of great comfort to all men, particularly to thofc who can trace the wonders of an almighty hand in the deep, to be fenliblc of a merciful interpofition, concerned, and ever attentive to their fupport, prcfervation, and deliverance in timci of danger. Belidet, this fentiment of a divine Agent fupcrintendmg, and correcting the difordcrs introduced by natural and moral evil, is, undoubtedly, afcripturc- doctrinc; and from the deductions of the mere light of nature, it muft appear unrcafonable to fuppofc, that the firil Great Caufc who planned the whole grand fchemc of creation, fliould not be allowed to interfere with rcfpecl to particular parts, or individuals, as oc- cafion, circumftanccs, or times may require. And whoever has duly confidcred the wonderlul protei^ion of the Endeavour in cafes of danger the moft imminent, particularly when encircled, in the wide ocean, with rocks of coral, her flicathing beaten off, and her falfc- kccl floating by her (idc, a hole in her liottom, and the men by turns fainting at the pumps, cannot but ac- knowledge the exiftencc of a Particular Providence. The hiftory of Joleph can only afford a more ftriking inftanceof the interpofition of a divine invifiblc hand. This our countrymen experienced; and we have good authority to alfcrt, that our company in the Endea- vour do acknowledge, notwithftandin^ the private opinion of the alxivc mentioned compiler, that the hand of Superior Power was particularly concerned in their protcifiion and deliverance. This omnifciem and omnijpotCDt power it is the incumbent duty of every chriftian to believe, confide in, and adore. ■n-^.ixUa '{tt ,'ivorij; bj, . j.^^ ,!rji(.v,:!;.!...i •) CAPT. • jlH, (Sti^Hl l£ Capt. c o o k; nvfL/Vi . ; SECOND VOYAGE, TOWARDS THE fi. M South Pole and Round the World, UNDERTAKEN AND PERFORMED *, .,, By Order of his Prclbnt MAJESTY, , ; ^,; ; In his Majcfty'sShips the Refoliition and Adventure With a View principally of Difcovering the fuppofed Souther*i Continent, &c. Begun the 9th of April 1772J and concluded on the 31ft of July 1775. Including a Narrative of Capt. Forneaux's Proceedings in the AHvcnturc after the Separation of tl-,j two Ships, during which Period fcveral of his People were deftroycd by the Natives of QuKtj) Char LOT it's Sound. INTRODUCTION. '"■"^UF. king's cxprftations were not wholly anfwcrtd I by formcrdifcovf rics, which were lb highly blazon- ed both at home and abroad, and therefore his m.ycfly projcdal this Second Vojage of Capt. Cook, and the Navy-board was ordered to equip two fuch iliip? as v.erc' moft fuitable to the fcrvn'c. Accordingly two vellils were purchafedof C.apt. VVdiiam Hammond, ot Hull, being about fourteen or fixtccn months old. They were both built .it Whithy, by the fainv jK-rfon who built the llndcavour. The larj;cft of the two, named the Rcfolution. burthen four hundred and litty- two tons, w .IS lent to Dcptfoni to ly fitted out ; and the Adventure, three hundred ami thirty-fix tons, was equipped at Wo.)Kvich. On the iSih of November, [771, C^npt. C(K)k was appointed to the command of the Kefolution; and Tnbias I'urneaux, wholud been fecond lieutenant with Capt. Wallis, was promoted to thec(mmand of the Adventure. 'I'hc Refohition had one himiired and twelve hands on board, officers in- cluded : and the Adventure eighty-one. In the former. Times Cook was captain, Robert P. Coojwr, Charles Clerk, and Richard PicUrlgill, were appointed lieu- tinants. Jofeph (iillxit was mafter ; J.ames Grey, boaifvjaini James Willis, carpenter; Robert Anderfon, gunner; and jaii'cs Pattm, furgeon. John EtJgcumbe was lieutenant ot the m.irines, under whom were one ferieanr, t.u) corporals, one drummer and fifteen pri. vates. The rel! of the crew conlifted of three mailer's mates, lix nudlhipnun, two fiirgeon's mates, one cap- tain"'! cleik, one mailer at arms, one corporal, one annnuur, his mate, one fail-maker, his mate, three boailwain's mates, carpenter's tftrce, gunner's two, tour carpenter K crew, one cook, his mate, lix quarter matters, and 1 jrty. five able (eainen. In the Adventure, Tobias I-urneaux aascaptain, Jofeph Shank, and.ArthurKempe, itcuitoants; Peter lannin was appointed mailer, P.d- \kard |ohns boat (wain, WilliamOll'ard carpenter, Amircw (lioa/^ K'unnei, Thomas Andrews furgeon: of mallet's tiKin-, miiilhipmen, &c. as above, the number was t^^enty-eighr, and thirty-three able bodied feamcn. James Scott was lieutenant of the marines, under whof? command were one Icrjeant, one corporal, one diuiu- mcr, and eight privates. Ihe two fliips were ordered to be got in rraJincfj with the utmoll expedition, and both the Naw mj \ uhialling boards paid an uncommon attention to ihcir equipment -, even the firll lord of the Adiniraliv Milicj tiuin from time to time; in confequcn^c of whkh tluy were not reftrained by ordinary cftablillimtmi every extra article thoujjht nccelTary being allowd, m Older that they might be littcd completely, and intury rcfpeOl to the fatisfaiflion of thofe who were to embark in them. Indeed Capt. Cook failed with greater ail. v.in!3gc» in this expedition, than any of hisprcdcccirnri who had gone out before on difcovericsi and »c iiuv \ enture to fay, no future commander will ever have a coinmiilion of a more liberal kind, nor be furnillicJ with a greater profufionof the very befl florcs and pro- vilions. He had the fraiiK of a vellel of twenty tons one Jbr c.uh fliip, to fcrve occafionally, or upon an' emergency, as tenders : he had on board fifliinfj-ncK, lines and hooks of every kind; he was fupplicd »iih innumerable articles ot (inall value, adapted to the commerce of the tropical iflands: he had on bojr.l additional cloathing for the feamcn, particularly fuitnl j to a cold climate, to all which were adiied the heft in- llnnnents for agronomical and nautical obfcrvations; in which were included four time-pieces on Mr H.ii- 1 rifon's principles, conllructed by MelT. Arnold ami j Kendal. And that nothing might be wanting ,0 pro- cure information, and that could tend to the 'urcefsof ' the voyage, a lamifcapc painter, Mr. William Hodge was engaged for tb's important undertaking, accum-i pnnied by Mr. (now Lr.) John Reinhold FoftcrandSt^n.j who were thought the mod projx:r perlons for the line j of Natural HiiWy, to which they were appointed with 1 parliamentary encouragement. Mr. William Walcsj and Mr. William liailey, werelikev^ifccng.ngcdtoiiiakcj altronomical ubfervations ; the former being placed byj the board of longitude, in the Rcfulutiun, and Mr.l IJailt? COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE — for making Difceverits in the South Seas & round the fVorU. 1 09 Ifctlev in '*" Adventure. Nor mull we omit to men- hL the number of medals ftruck by order of the Lords lithe Admiralty, and intended to be left both as l!rtfcnts and teftimonies in new difcovered coun- The <^° ^'P' ^^^ viflualted and provided with all Iminna of necclTaries for a three years voyage; among I'L.chwcrc the following extra articles: 1. Malt, for Ij-t wort, defigned for thofe whofe habit of body I iht engender the fcurvy, and as a remedy for fuch I ho might be afflided with that difordcr. The quan- I', , pfcfcribcd for each patient, from one to fu pints a \ \ at the difcretion of the furgeoni t. Sour Krout, l!(»h'fh Mch feaman was to be allowed two pounds a Irttk' ^ '^'^ '^ cabbage faltcd down, and dole packed calk*. *^^^^ having been properly fcrmentedi It is llfjnicd by our naviaators an excellent artiifcorbutic. Q,l,b.ige cut fmall and faked down, to which is Wijunil'"' berries, and anni feeds, which are like- Tii put to the four krout. 4. Portable foup, very «jriihing, and of great utility both for invalids, and il^c ihat are in good health. 5. Oranges, rob of le- ^ns, anil faloup, for the ufe of the furgeons, to be i^iniftcnd to the fick and fcorbutic only. 6. Mar- ^lidc ot Carrots, recommended by Baron Siorch of r 0/ (toed Hope — Aicount of tranfailions tlxre, and incidents ibat happened in her piiffage — Her de- Mfttirt Jhm the Cape—Conlimut her ivyage in fearch of a Southern Qmlment — Scijuel of ibis fatch, tefxeen the wrJiM nflbe Cape ^ Good Hof< ami that of New Zealand — Separattm oflbe t-wojbips, and the arrival of the Re/olu- m,tnDujky Bay. ,'i,';>*i.^mi' .'_'.■■■ s. ^•• !- ^ .*,;,,;■':, I ..:.•.;,. were to proceed to the ifland of Madeira, from thence to the Cape of Good Hope : that having at this place refrefhed the (hips companies, and fuppCed them with Erovifions and other necelTaries, they were to make the ed of their way to the fouthward, in fearch of Cape Circumcilion, which, by M. Bouvet, is faid to be in latitude 54 dcg. S. and m about 1 1 dcg. 20 min. E. longitude, from the Royal Obfervatory in the Park ac Greenwich; that if they fell in with this Cape, Capt. Cook was to endeavour, by all means in his power, to difcover whether the fame was part of the fuppofed continent, which had fo much employed the national attention of different European powers, or only the pro- montory of an ifland: that, in either cafe, the gentle- men on board the two (hips were diligently to explore the (amc, to the utmod extent poflible; and to make fuch obfcrvations of various kinds, as mi^ht correfpond with the grand objeA in view, and be m any refpeft ufeful to either navigation or commerce; not omitting at the fame time iproper rmnarks on the genius and temper of the inhabitants; whofe friendfhip and alliance tbey were dircQed to conciliate, by alt probable mo- tives, and prudential means in their power: that they were to proceed on new difcoverlcs to the eadward or wedward, at the captains tyight judge mod eligible, endeavouring onlv to run into as high a latitude, and as near the fouui pole as poflible : that whatever inight be tE f ' the »T»HE Refolution and Adventure be- I AD. 177 J. ^ j„ equipped in the mod complete umt, as already related, the former on the 9th of ilpril, dropped down the river as far as Woolwich, at iliifh [jUtc (he was detained by contrary winds ; but M [he ::(! failed from thence to Long Reach, where k tt«i joined by her companion the Adventure, and liofhiliips took in their manncs, guns, and ammunition. Ma> the io;h we failed for Plymouth, but before we pit out of the river, the Refolution was found to be Kr)fMiik, on which account we put into Sheemefs. WWrfomc alterations were making in her upper works, UJ ^anJv« ith and Sir Hugh Pallifer paid us a vifit, in ifJcr to fic tlicy were executed in a proper manner. Tbt Kffolution being again ready for fea, wc departed Iram Shfcrnifs. On the ad of July we met Lord 5ind<:( 1, \n the Augufta Yacht, whom we faluted with ticna-i n (>iins, and his lorddiip, accompanied with Jit Hugh I'allifcr, honoured us with their prefencc on hurj, which was the lad inftance of that very great iiKniion ihi-v had paid to • variety of partkuUirs that Diiaht tcnil to promote the fiicceia of our undenak- I i'S' About this time Capt. Cook received frona the board •fAdiniraity his indrudliont, dated the a5th of lune, k tenor and fubttancc of which were, that the Adven- ture WIS to be under his command: tnat the two fliips No, 13. ' If • ' ■..*.'■ N'- ' ii..: ! ' y.' ,. i- no Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. COOK'S SEC( I L the refult of their inveftigations with refpcdl to C«pe Circumcilion, they were to continue their furvcys to the foiuhward, and then to the enltward, either in fcarch of the laid continent, Ihould it not have been afcertaincd, or to make difcovcries of fuch Klandi as miirht be le.ited in the hitherto unexplored and un- known parts of the fouthern latitudes : that, having circumnavijritfd the globe, they were to return to Spit- head by the way of tht Cape of Good Hope : and that to anfwer the intentions ot government in thit voyage as uilly as poilible, when the feafon of the year ren- dered it unfafe to continue in high latitudes, they were to repair to fome known fwrt to the northward ; and after having refitted, &c. they were to return again, at the proper feafon, to the fouthward, in profccution of new difcovenes there. It may not be amifs here to ob- ferve, that thefe orders were not intended in any rc- I'peA to cramp Capt. Cook, who was allowed, in cafe rhe Refolution (hould be loft, to continue his voyage in the Adventure: hchadtoth .end adiftants out of num- ber: his (by was not even hinted ar : he was not obliged to return at any limited time; in (hort he h;id ample power, full authority, and, in all unforefeen cafes, he w»as to proceed according to Ms own difcretion, and ad entirely as he pleafcd. V^e beg leave further to ob- fcrve, that in the hiftory of this voyage, Greenwich is made our fii ft meridian, and from hence the longi- tude is reckoned K. and W. to 1 80 deg. each way. And our readers will alfo take notice, that whenever the initial letters, A. M. and P. M. of ante-mcridianum, and poft-meridianum, are ufcd, the former lignifies the forenoon, and the latter the afternoon of the fame day. A copy of the above inftruc^ions we tranfmitted to Captain l-urneaux, inclofed with Capt. Cook's orders, in which he appointetl, fhould the two ftiips be fepa- ratcd, the ifland of Madeira for the firft place of ren- dezvous ; Port Praya for the fccond ; the Cape of Good Hope for the third ; and New Zealand for the fourth. While we remained at Plymouth, our aftrononvrrs, Mr. Wales, and Mr. Baylcy, made obfervations on Drake's IllanJ ; when the latitude was found to be 50 dcg. 21 i"in. 30 fee. N. and the Ion>;itude 4 deg. ao min. \V. of (Jicenwich ; whereby the true time for put- ting the tiiiie-picccs and watches in motion was af- certaincd. This was done on the the I jth of July, and they were fet a-going, in the prefcnce of the two aftro- nomcrs, Capt. Kurncaux, Capt. Cook, and the two firft lieutenants of the ftiips. Thefe had each of thrm keys of the boxes which contained the watches, and were always to be prcfcnt at the winding them up, and comparing the one with the other, unlefs prevented by indii|[X)(ition. This day, the ftiips crews, according to the cullom of the navy, received two months wages in advance. As a further encouragement, and that they might provide neccftaries for the voyage, they were likewife paid the wages due to them to the 28th of the preceding May. On Sunday the I :th of July, the Refolution broke from her moorings in the Sound, and was adrift together with the tranfport buoy to which ftic was faftened. All hands were on deck inftantly, the cables were cleared, and the fails fpread. We parted the Adventure, and came to an anchor, after having cfcaped the very ap- parent danger of bcin^ dafticd againft the rocks which are under the fort. 1 his favourable event was looked upon by our feainen as an omen to the fuccefs of the voyage. It was undoubtedly an inftance of the care of i3ivinc Providence, exerted for our protection in fo critical a moment. Indeed the whole of our voyage, equally with this circumftance, demonftrates, that a divine power was abfolutely nccefTary to prote^ us in times of danger, and to give us a fafc return. On MonMy the 13th at fix o'clock, A. M. the two (hips failed from Plymouth Sound, in company, and paflfed the Eddiftohe, which is a lofty, well contrived tower, of the utmoft advantage to navigation and com- merce. As we flood off Hiore, the wind incrcafcd, and the billows rolled higher and higher. Moft of the fca- ■ men both old and young were affcded with (icknefs. On the 26th, we fell in with Cape Ortegal o^ thecoaft 1 two Spanifti men of war, one of which fired a (> the Adventure to bring her to ; but on hailing her"*" j being told we were king's ftiips. made a prniw' ""'' of Galicia. The country appears hilly, and th. r ■ of the hills are covered with wood. The fca now ''j perfectly calm, and the profpcft which rurroiinHrH'*T was very delightful. When in light of Cape Fin.ft. "l bearing W. S. W. feven or eight leagurs.Vc «"!'•[ by a Imall French Tartan from Marfeilles fr,., k""^'! with Hour from Ferrol and Corunna. We obtain, I f '^1 themafmall fupply of frelh water, which wc n ul wanted, having been obliged to fubfift on brca.l '" 4I our wine. Ontheaad, in the afternoon, uc paff,, logy7 and very politely took leave. wiftiini"u"''?7 voyage. On Wednefday, the 29th, »Wm nmr night, we anchored in Funchiale road, in the illanH 1 Madeira. After having faluted the garrifon with cl guns, and they had returned the compliment, wc w " on ftiorc, accompanied by the two Forfters, and '" conduced by Mr. Sills, a gentleman from the v cc *"' ful, to the houfe of Mr. l/)ughnan«, a confKv"r?hi' Engl ifti merchant, who aftifted us with every acr modation the ifland and his hcufc afTonicd j "' our ftay. Here the officers and privatr men furnir themfelves with fuch ftocks of wine as ihcy could veniently purchafe. ™ The Madeira, or Madera iftands are only thrw number; namely, Madeira, properly fo callc). iftand of Puerto, or Porto Santo ; and Ilia DciVrrJ the Defolate Iftc, They are fitiiarcj ro the \' "l the Salvages, and in the Atlantic ocean. betHrcn'-hir- two and thirty-three dcg. and fcvcn-em and cichtn deg. W. longitude, two hundred and CiCty miles N f, E. from Tenerift', three hundred and (ixty (rntn cvi Cantin on the coaft of .Africa, and three hiimlrrd V of the ifland of Farro. They were thus njtiud iVo the principal of them, which was callrd In the )■, i., gucze Muieir.), (ignifying a wooil or forill, from ' being overgrown with trees. They were firll difcyvfrc, by an Engliih gentleman, and many years alter bv ihi Pprtuguezc j and as there is fomething cxtrcrt.dv tin gular in both thefe ^currences, but more particulai the firft, we fhall, for the entertainment of our re ders, relate the circumftances attending it. In the reign of Edward III. king of EngUnd young gentleman, named Robert Machin. con^elvc^ a vioTent paftion for Ann D'Arfet, a heauiirjj and ac compliftied lady of a nobk family. M.ichiii, uithrc. fpea to birth and fortune, was inferior to the hdi but his pcrfonal qualifications overcame every fciu)!, on that account, and (lie rewardetl his attachment w!t a reciprocal afltdion. Her friends, however, bchi the young gentleman in a different light ; tl.ev'fjiu, their blood would be contaminated by an Miinze »iti one of a lower rank, and therefore determined to fxri, fice the happinefi of the young lady, to the hcredita pride of blood, and thcirown nKrccnary and interedi motives. In confcqucnce of thefe ideas, a warrani was procured from the king, under the fanotion which Machin was apprehended, and kept in do confinement, till the objed of his affe('tions was nm ricd to a hobleman, whofc chief merit lay in his hon rary title and large poffeftions ; and immediately aft the nuptial ceremony was over, the peer took hisbcai. tiful bride with him to a ftrong caftlc which he had ii the neighbourhood of Briftol, and. then the uiifon nate lover was fet at liberty. After being releafed from his cruel confinrmenf, Mi chin was acquainted that his miftrcfs has hern coi felled to give her hand to another. This renders im almoft frantic, and he vowed to revenge the v lence done to the lady, and the injury which he himfcl hadfuftained; and with this vicwt imparted his delii to fome of his friends and companions, who cnpgi to accompany hhnto Bi'iftol, and afTift him in whai ever cntcrprize he undertook. VVccordingly one of hi comrades contrived to get himfelf hired by ihennbl man as a fcrvartt, and'by that means being introduc into the family, he foon foond an opponunity to let t lady know the fentiments and intentions of her lov w jitf devoid of ho COOK'S SECOND VOVAGE— for inakitiR Di/coveries in thcSout/j Seas&c Round the JVorlJ. I I I L,i, (lie fully entered into all his projeds, and promifed to comply with whatever he (huuld propofe. To fari- litatc their defigns, the lady appeared more chcarful .,n ufual. which lulled aflcep every fufpirion that her brJ itiiRlit otherwife have entertained; fhe alfo cn- itcatccl fKrmiflion to ride out daily to take the air for the vnclit of her health, which rcqueft her confort eafily grained- This point being gained, flic dia not '"lil to uke advantage of it, by riding out every inorning ■»'• ^^pjnicd by one fcrvant only, which was her lover's p,g,panion, he having been previoufly pitched upon jl»avs to attend her by her own contrivance. Matters being thus prepared, flic one day rode out as ufuali wh*^" f"^'' attendant conduced her to his friend, ,1,0 waited at the fca fide to receive her. They all ,(„(i; immediately entered a boat, and foon reached a ,)„p that lay at foinc dillance ready to receive them on i^„[j : and Machin, having the object of his wiflics un board, immediately, with the afliftance of his aflb- j;,s, fct fill, intending to proceed to Franoi-; but jllon board being ignorant of maritime aflairs, and the viiiiJ blowing a hard gale, they miircd their port, and ,l,{ncxt morning, to their aflonilhment, found them- ll\cidii^'f" iiuo the main ocean. In this mitcrablc ^',,1 [:on, they abandoned themfclvcs to defpair, and (..i.;;ii tied thiir fates to the mercy of the waves. Wiihout a pilot, ainwfl dcflitucc of provilions, and njiif devoid of hope, they were tofled about for the Ipiaiit thirteen days. At length, when the morning oithc tourteenth day began to dawn, they fancied they coulJ dflcry fomcthing very near them, that had the iptyarancc of land i and when the fun rofe, to their jrtai |oy they could diftinilly perceive it was fuch. Il^firpliifure, however, was in fome mcafureleflcned hvthc rctU-otwn, that it was a ftrangecountry ; for they flimlv perceived it was covered with a variety of trees, thofc nature and appearance they had not the leaft kiio*!r''};c of. Soon after this, fome of them landed ftomihf lloop, in order to make their obfcrvations on iht country j when, returning foon after to the fliip, ihcy hiK^^'y commended the plac, but at the fame 1,111: believed there were no inhibitanti in it. The lover and his miftrefs, with fome of his friends, [Vn landed, leaving the rcfl to take care of the fliip. Iht country appeared beautifully divcrlifird with hills indiiilcSi ihadcd with various trees, and watered by inany clear mcandring Orcams. The nrolt beautiful ^i,ji of difl'ercnt fpccies perched upon their heads, inn,, jnd hands, unapprenenfive of danger j and fc- Kial kind-Tof wild bcafls approached, without offer- j-any violence to them. After having penetrated thfwinh icveral woody recefles, they entered a fine ^Jo* adinirably incircled with a border of laurels, IkIv fnaineilcd with various flowers, and happily wa- Kcj with a mcandring cryftal rivulet. Upon an cmi- itncc in the midfl of this meadow, they f.v* a lofty trciJing tree, the beauty of which invited them to ttpile uii.lcr its rtiade, and partake of the fliclter it toulJ artbid them from the piercing rays of the fun. Tlitv at length attempted to make a temporary rcfi- Jeiuc beneath this tree ; and, providingthemfclvcs with bjhs (rum the neighbouring woods, they built Ifveral tM ' hutj, or arbours. They pafll-d their time very wrrfibiv ui tliis place, from whence they made fre- Kitt. Villi lions into the neighbouring country, ad- 11,1, HIT us flrnnge produ«ftions and various beauties. Tnrif luppincls, however, was of no very long conti- Bswcc i lor one night a terrible florm arofe ffom the N. K. wluch tore the fliip from her anchor, and drove h to Uii. The crew were obliged to fubmit to the Kfcv lit the elcmciui, when they were driven to the toiiUl Morocco, where the fliip bcing-ftranded, the iWoircw was miJc captives by the Moors. Ml' Inn ind his companions, having mjfled the fliip ik next morning, they roncUidcd fljc hfcd foundcrea, inJ \w i^onc to the bottom. This new caLimity piunitui ihcm into the dccjKft melancholy, and fo greatly iifcctc.l tlie lady, that the could not fupport hcrfelf mdcf it. .She had indeed bclbrc continudlly fed her jtxi, by fad prcfagcs ot the cntvprizc's ending in fome fatal cataflrophc to all concerned ; but thcfliock ol the late difafler ftruck her dumb ; To that ftie expired in three days afterwards, I" the moft bitter agonies. The death ot the lady aflcrttu Machin to fuch a degree, that he furvived her but four days, notwithflanding the ut- moft endeavours of his companions to afford him con- folation. Previous to his death, he begged thcni to place his body in the fame grave with hcr's, which thev had madear the foot of an altar, creded under the "ucautiful lofty tree before-mentioned. They .after- wards placed upon it a large wooden crofs ; and near that an infcription, drawn up by Machin himfclf, con- raining a fuccinft account of the whole adventure ; and concluded with a requeft. that if any Chriftians fliould come thither to fettle, that they would build and dedi- cate a church to Jefus Chrift upon that fpot. The re- maining companions of Machin, after his death, dc- termincd to attempt returning to England inthefloop, which had been fo well fecurcd near the fliorc, as not to be in the leaft damaged by the ftorm which had driven away the fliip. But, happening to take the fame courfc the others had been forced upon, they unfortunately arrived in like manner upon fome p.irt of the coaft of Morocco, where they met with cxaiHy the fame fate, being fcizcd in a flniilar manner, and carried to the famcprifon. Here they met with fevcral other Chrif- tian flavcs, befidcs their own companions ; particularly one John de Morales, a Spaniard of Seville. This man was an excellent failor, and took a peculiar delight in hearing the Englifli captives rchcarfc their adventures, by which means he learnt the lituation and particular marks of this new difcovercd country, which he took care to retain in his memory. In procrfsoftinic, John I. king of Portugal, hav- ing entered into a war with the Moors, paired over into Africa with a formidable army; and in the year 1415 laid fiegc to and took Ceuta. In this expedition, he was accompanied bv his fons, one of whom, prince Henry, took great delight in the ftudy of the mathe- maiics, particularly geography and navigation. Upon this occafion, they had a great opportunity of convcr- ling with the Moors and African Jews ; and informing himfelf, by their means, of the fituation of fcverai foreign countries, the feas about them, their coafls, &c. Hence grew an infatiable thirft for making new conquefts ; and from this time he was determined to devote his attention to thedifcovery of unknown coun- tries. In confequence of which rcfolution, he retired, after the redutftion of Ceuta, to the Algarvcs, where he found a new town within a league of Cape St. Vincent, creded a fort to defend it, and determined to fend out fliips from thence upon difcoveries. The pcrfon he in- tended to employ as chief commander, upon thefe oc- cafions, was a gentleman of extraordinary abilities, named Juan Gonfalvo Zarco, who became famous not only for his maritime difcoveries, but for being the firft pcrfon who introduced the ufc of anillery on board fliips. In I ^1 8 he difcovercd Puerto Santo, one of the Ma- deiras; and in 1420 he paffcd the ftreights, and fur- vcyed a confidcrable extent of the coaft of Africa. In the mean time, a Spanilh prince dying, left by his will a large fum of money for the purpofe of redeeming Spanifli Chriflians, who were kept as flavcs in Morocco. Terms being agreed upon between the emperor of Mo- rocco and the commiflioncrs, for the redemption of thofc captives, a Spanifli fliip was fcnt to Morocco to fetch home the redeemed Chriflians, among whom was John de Morales before-mentioned. On the return of this fliip to Spain, it happened to fall in with the fqua- dron commanded by Juan Gonfalvo Zarco, who was, as wchavfjuft noticed, then pafling the ftraits to make obfcrvations on the coaft of Africa. Spain and Portu- gal being at this time at war, Juan Gonfalvo Zarca made prize of the Spanifli fliip j but finding it con- tained only redeemed captives, he was touched with companion at the mifcrics they had already fuficrcd du- ring their flavjn., a.^.d gcneroufly difmiffcd them, ta- king out only John dc Morales, whom. he found to be l[ I very inlcUfgent pcrfon, an able failor, and an expert n pi'"*' Whci» f. 'in I . iA \/ V- T-i. [i'( .' I ,' ■ J. ' im w m m i*t;.'ii;'Uityi^,,4j^,^j I 12 Capt. COO K'g VOyAOtS COMPLETE, When Morales was informed of the rcafon of his detention, and the difcovcries that the Portugucfc were upon, he was mightily rejoiced, and offered voluntarily to enter into the fervice of prince Henry. He then told the Portuguefc commander of the illand which had been lately difcovered t,, thcEnglidi, related the ftory of the two unfortunite I , vers, and every other circum- ftance, which, durir^ his Captivity, he had heard from Machin's compan^ns. Gonfalvo was fo delighted with his relation, that he tacked about, and returned to the new town which prince Henry had built, called Terra Nabal. On his arrival, he introduced Morales to the prince, when the Spaniard again repeated all, that he had before told to Juan Gonfalvo. The prince thought this worthy of becoming a national iifair ; and there- fore, communicating the whole to the king his father, and the Portuguefe miniftry, they dctcrmmcd to pur- fuc the difcovery; and for that purpofe fitted out a good fliip, well manned and provided, and a floop to go with oars, when occafion required: and Juan Gon- falvo was appointed to the whole command. Some Portiiguelc, on the difcovery of Puerto Santo a fliort time before, had ocen left by Gonfalvo on that ifland ; and judging by the account of Morales, concerning the iituation of the ifland ihcy were in qucft of, that it could not be far fiom Puerto Santo, he determined to fail thither J where when he arrived, the Portuguefe whom he had left behind, informed him, that they had obfervcd to the north-eall a thick impenetrable dark- nefs, which conftantly hung upon the fea, and ex- tended itfclf upward to the heavens. That they never knew it to be diminifhed; but a Grange noifc, which they could not account for, was often heard from thence. John de Morales appeared to Ix: convinced that this w.is the illand they were in fearch of; and Juan Gon- falvo was inclined to coincide with him; but all the reft were terrified at the accounts they had heard. It was therefore concluded to remain at Puerto Santo till the change of the moon, to fee what etfcd that would have upon the fliadc, or w hcthcr the noifc would ccafe. But perceiving no alteration of any kind, the panic in- crcafcd among the generality of the adventurers. Morales, however, Hood firm to his opinion of that being the ifland they were looking for; and very Icn- libly obfervcd, that, according to the accounts he had received from the Englilli, the ground was coveicd over with lofty rtiady trees; it was no wonder, therefore, that it fltould be exceeding damp, and that the humid va- pours might exhale Irom it by the ()0\ter of the fun, which, f[)reading themfe'vcs to the )ky, occafioned the dark clouds they faw ; and with refpcCt to the noifc, that might be occafioned by certain currents djlliing againfl the rocks on the coall of ti.c ifland. Notwithllanding thefe obftacics, Juan Gonfalvo de- termined to proceed j and, fetting fail the next day, he m length made land ; and (he (ear of thofe who had been all along terrified, now vanifhed. The firit point they faw, they named S'. .'^wrence's Point: doubling this, they lound to the fouthward, rifing land, whither Morales and others wire fent in a Hoop to reconnoitre the coafl; and came to a bay which fecmed to anfwcr the defcription given by the Englifli, Here thiy land- ed; and finding the crofj and infcription over the grave of the two lovers, they returned to JuanCionfalvo with an account of their fuccefs ; whereupon he im- mediately landed, and took polleilion of the place, in the nanjc of John 1. king of Portugal, and prince I Irnry Ins fon. Having built an altar near the grave, they fearched about the illand, in order todifcovcrif it con- tained any cattle; but not finding any, they coafled we fl ward, till they came to a place where four fine rivers ran into inc fea, of the waters of which Juan (ionfalvo fillet^ fome bottles, to carry as a prcfent to prince I Icnry. PriKecding farther, they came to a (inc valley, which was interfeCted by a beautiful nver, and alter rh:it :o a picafant fpot covered w ith trees, fome of which being fallen down, Juan Gonfalvo ordered a crols to be ercdcd of the timber, and caUcJ the place San;a t'l u'/., or Holy Crofs. After this, (ticy began to look out for a place proper to fix their rcfidcnce in while they ftayed : and ^t length found a tine tract of land, not fo woody as the reft of the country, bm q^, vcred over with fennel, which, in the Portugucfc Ian guage, is called Funcho ; from thence the town of Fon chal, or Funchiale, took its name, which was afterwards built on the fame fpot. Juan Gonfalvo, after having viewed other partsofthe ifland, and finding daily caule for new admiration ol the beauties continuallv difcovered, returned to Portu gal, and arrived at l.ifbon in the end of Augult i+^q without having lofl a fingic man in the whole enter' prize: aud a day of audience being apjwintcd for hjin to make his report of his voyage, the king gave the name of Madeira to the new difcovered ifland, onar count of the great quantity of excellent wood found upon it. Soon after an order w > made for Juan Con falvo to return to Madeira in the cnfuing fpring, wjth the title of captain-governor of Madeira, to which title the heir of his family at "^refent adds that of count. ',{ accordingly fct fail on hi> fecond voyage in May iVj,* takingwithhimthegreateftpart of his family, andjr-' riving at Madeira he call anchor in the road, till then calledthe Knglifti Port; but (Jonfalvo, in honour of the firft difcovcicr, then called it Puerto de Machino, from which name it was corrupted to Machico, which it now bears. He then ordered the large fprcading beautiful tree before-mentioned (under which Machin and his companions had taken up their refidencc) to be cut down, and a finall church to be ercded with the tim- ber; which, agreeable to Machin's rcqucff, he dedi- cated to Jefus Chnfl, and interfered the pavement of the choir with the bones of the two unfortunate lovcm He foon after laid the foundation of the to«n of Punchal, which afterwards became famous; and the altar of the new wooden church was dedicated to St. Catharine, by his wife C'onflantia, who wai uith him. John I. king of Portugal, dying, his eldeQ fon and fuccefTor Duarte, in conlideration of the great funis of money expended in |Kopling this ifland, by prince Henry his brother, gave him the revenues of u for life. He likewife gave the fpiritualities of it to the order of Chrifl, which endowment Aloiua XV. afterwards con- firmed. The ifland of Madeira, properly fo called, is com- pofeti of one continued hill of a wonderful height, ex. tending fromcafl to well; the declivity of which, en the fouth fide, isciltivated and interfjMtrfcd with vim. yards; and in the midfl of this Hope, the incrchami have »"xed their country feats, which help to render the profpetlt very agreeable. The air is more moderate than that in the Canary lllands, and the foil more Itrtile in com. wine, fugar and fruits. Imiic fprings abound alnmlt in every part, belides which there are eight gooil nver*. ITie great plenty of water firfl fuggelfcd the hint in jirince Henry of lending (ugar caiui to Madeira Irom Italy, which greatly improved through the iiurcale of luat, and produced more than in their native foil. This iflandatlbrds plenty of citrons, bananas, [leachci, apricots, plumbs, therrirs, figs and walnuts; with oranges of all forts, and lemons of n protligious li/c. Iruit-trces from I 'urope thrive here in pcrfcaion ; nvl the natives are faid to make the bell fweatiiuatioi any in the woild, and prticularly greatly excd innic- fcrving citrons rnd oranges, anil in making nurivalidc and perfumed paflu, which greatly excel thole of Cc- noa. The fugar made here is very fine, and has tl« fmcll of violets; this, indeed, is laid to be the liill place in th; Well where this manufavllure was let on foot, and from thence was carried to America; but afterwjrili the fugar-plantations at Brazil prolbering cx'reincly, the grcathft ptn of the fugar-cnnes in this illand »tic pulled up, and vineyards planted in their Iliad, that produce excellent wines, which, the author of Lcrd Anion's voyage obfcrvci, fctms to be defigned by Pro. vidcncc tocKhilcratc and comfort the inhabitants of the torrid zone. The ccdar-trec here ii very llrait, till, and thick, and has a rich (cent. The wood of the nail9 tree is ot • red role colour; here are alio the inillic nni WT^ COOK'S SECOND VOYAGB — fer making Dijcmkriis m the ISouth Seas & round the tVorld. 1 1 '^ • order of ardi con> ii com* ight, ex. hich, en uh vini. iiicrchanti re mlcr the r.itc ihan Itrtilc in Jiiil aliiiolt iKid ri\«r<. him 10 k'lr.i Itoni mrcalo ni Toil. I, [icachci, lUtS; with gious \\t(. ion ; IHil ttiuatioi tl 111 IlK- uarivaladc ol'c of(ic- 1.1 has [lit the lint let on font, t'tcruai'ili rx'rctncly, Hand uric lU-ad, that of Lord !d by Pro. ints of (he [trait, tall, od nf (he thcinillic and jgiim-dragon trees ; and bcfides fruit-trees tlierc arc varic(y of oiher trees, which are common both to Furopc and Africa. The cvcrlafting-flowcr is a great urioli(y ; for when it is plucked it cannot be perceived 'o fades it grows like fage, flowers hkc camomile, and '|*ays 'af»pc='f* frefli and blooming. Vines arc in 'bundancc i and from tlic grapes which thejr produce 'rtft quantity of ttie moft delicious wines are made. Indicd the foil is fo well adapted for the cultivation of jlifs, that the prapcs exceed the leaves in number, and foiTie'of (he biinctics arc fixtren or eighteen inches in Lnh. Here are feveral forts of thefe wines; one is 1 liic colour of champagne, but is not mueh vnlucd : to^tncr, (Kcr fort is a white wine, much llronger than the A third lort is excellent, and refemblcs malm- fy it being of the fame nature with that which grows and another refrmblcs Alicant wine, but jnniLli inferior to it in talte, and is ^cve^ drank alone, .J, niiM'>l "ith the other forts, to which it gives a (olouraiid llrcngth to keep. It is obfervablc of the Muleiia wiiics, that they arc greatly improved by the heat ill the tun, when expofcd :o it in the barrel, after (he bung i* taken out. In tlic v. hole ifland they an- mully >i>>'''-' about twenty-eight thoufiind pipes, eight ihoalaiid of whiih arc drank there, and (he nrteXport- j ii^o (Tivatcft part lieing fen( (o the Well-Indies. fht wines that are biought directly to l'".ni',l:ind, are rottciuil 'O goodnel* to fuch as .irt liitt carried (o the Welti I'd I i^s; .mil their flavour i.s oxeeedingly heiglit- «ncd, il '^"^y 'cniniii fome time in Barliadots. The ttoducl ol each \incynrtt is ufually divided equally ctwecn tl"' I'ropnetor, and the perfon -who gathers „ 1 priires the gi.ipes; it eoniinonly happens, how- ,,fT, that while t hi- ni'.rch.int IS r ith, the gat hcrcri^ poor. Thf people beie tr.ide .iinotii^ theinfclvrs, or l)arter. The principal town in the whole iflmd is Fonchal, or f.jiirhiile, aiivi i.< ('rated in the fouth part of (he ilbn.l 't the hottoiii of .i large bay, in Utitudr p dep. nniin H '*■■'"• i^' aoti in 17 dcg. 1 ti niin. W. longi- iuiic. \Vtf deduct d the longitude from lunar obferva- ,ii,ns and Mr. VV;iles reduced the fame for the town by Mr. Ke.. 'al's w r»-h, which makes the longitude of Funrhia'e, 7 dcg. 10 iiiin. 14 fee W. Towanlj t'lc ^jtisl.iirilied by a high wall, with a battery of can- ^n, biiiis a caflle on the Ixw, whuh 11 a riv k llsndmK "^ ''^<^ water at a finsll difKince from the jdofc, I'his town is thconlv placeof trade, and indeed ttif only pl.ii<* wh«iv It IS (wllible for a Imat to land : jmlevfu here the beach is covered *ith large Hones, amh violeii' furl com inualK beats upon it. 'I'he only jmod nine (or landing is Ivfore t c 'ca-bre<'zo comes on fhe ti>wn is very |)(ipiiloas, but the majority of tlicmh.it)'i.iiit''arc not naiur.d-tiorn Foriuguef,' ; for a frfjt miiiher of IvngUfh and I'Ven-'h R> number of Df^rofj :iudinulattoe<, both fnemrn and llavc:*, The ttr.-fH are lir.iiglit, and drawn hv ^ line, and thiii h«i fit are pretty well Iviilt ; their (hurchcs ate ''uU- lultb.-uitiUil itriiCturef, enricluil with gildini;;, fine piihirt', and plate, snd people are f.iidtomett in (htm Bik'n hidinel'« (bat has little relafinn U^ dcvution. Fhole ivduion who have 110 (k>inellic chapils, never pitoehur. b but on Snnd.iys and holiday* ; when, if there be feveral daughteis', they walk two and two bflore the mother, each biving a lari^e thin vail over lift face i hut their brealts and (houldersare ignite bare. Bv their Ii Ic walks a vrneiable old man, with a ttring oilie.ids in liii hand, and armed with a fword and dag- l!cr. I'hit town is the Ice of a billmp, whohasihc »ho!c ifland umlcr his fpintual Jurifdiition, and is fuf- fn^;in (0 (he aichbilliop of Liibon. The governor of thrillmidalfo relides here. In (he illand arc two other towns ; one called Man- (hico, which has a church named Santa Crur, or the HolyCrofi, and a convent of Bcrnirdinc-friurst the other town i^ named Moncerito. In fhort, the illand htcly contained rhirty-ftx panflies, a college, and a mo- tialtery ot jefuits, five other monafterics, eighty.two No, 13. hetmitagcs, and five hofpitals. There arc feveral fin- feats and caftlcs about the counti-y, in which the mere chants chiefly relidc. The ordinary lood of the poorer (^"oplc, iti the time of vintage, is little elfe than bread ;n,d nth {^rnpcs ; and were it not for their abflciiiiournefs, levers in the tint feafons would be frequent ; therefore even the rich, in the hot months; are very modcriite in tlnir diitand drinking. The generality of tbe ptc^ple alVec't great gravity in thcii'diiwrtment, and uliially drel's in black ; but they cannot difpcnfcMuth the Ipido and (ln;.';gcr, which even fervnnts wear: fo t'lt ymi tuav \'cq a Icor- man waiting at table with a f'.miil ar b-alt a yaid long, and a gieat ban; »if ^ , 3|f , ;, ^ ¥ KHUt fouthward, with a gentle gale at N. E. On Tucfday the 4th, we faw the picafant illand of Palma, bearing S. S. W. diflant about three or four leagues. This is one of the Canary ifles. It may be feen, on account of its height, twelve or fourteen leagues at fca, and lies in latitude 28 deg. 38 min. N. and in 17 dcg. 58 niin. VV. longitude. On Wednefday, the 5th, we palled the illc of Ferro, at the diftance of fourteen leagues. The ifi.md ofPahiia lies about Rfiy miles to the W. of Tcnerirte, and two hundred W. of the continent of Africa. It h about thirty miles long, twenty broad, and fcvcnty in circuit. On the N. E. part of the illand, within land, is a high and fpaciuus mountain, deep on all (ides. This is called La Caldera, or the cauldron, from a hollow like that on the pike of TeneritlV. The funimit is about two leagues in circumference, and on the inlide the cauldron defccnds gradually from tlicncc to the bottom, which is a fpace of alwut thirty acics. On the declivity of the inlide fpring fcveral ri\ulct3, which joiniiifT togctherat the bottom, illuc in one llream through a pallage to the outfidc of the mountain from which this brook defccnds ; and having run fume dif- tance from thence, turns two fogar-mills. Ihe water of this flream is unwholcfomc, on account ot its being mixiil with fome water of a pernicious quality in the Cuuldrnn ; all the inlide of which abounds with her- bage, and is covered with palms, pitch-pine, laurel, lignum rhodium, and reiamas ; which Lift have in thu iliainl a vrlKuv hark, and grow to the lizc of large trees ; but in the others they arc only flirubs. The pt-ople here take great care not to let the he-goats feed on the leaves of thf retam.i, on account of their breeding a llone in the bladder, which is ir.ortal. Two rivulets fpring on the outude of the caul Iron ; one of thele runs north- ward to the village of S:. Ap '.rew, and turns two'fu- gar-mills, and the other runs 10 the town of Palmas, which lies to the eallwanl. Thefe are the only rivu- lets or dreams of any conreii-iencc m the u'land : on which account the natives build taiiks, or fijuarc reftr- voirs with planks of pitch-piiw, which they iiiaketiglit witlnaulking. Ihele they till with the torrents of rain-water that in the winter ftalbn riilh down from the mountain;, and prefcrve it for thi'infelves und cattle: but the Ihecp, goat77, a little after fun-(er, the earth Hiouk for thiiK-en leagues with a dreadful noife, that loiui- nued live days, during which itopened in feveral pl.n es ; hut the greatcH gap was uixjii the mountain of La l^al- dera, a mile and a half from the fca, (rom whence pro. ceedcd a great lire, which cafl up Hones and pieces of ro. k. The like h;i()pcncd in fcvcral places thticabouU, and in lefs than a quarter of an hour were cweniy- cight gipi about the foot ofthe mountain, whiilicall foiih abundance of tlamcs and burning (loacs. 'i he fame perfon adds, that on the 20th of November fol lowing, there was a fccond eruption of the fame mount' from whence came forth flones and lire, with crcat earthquaku and thunders for feveral days, fo that biatk cinders were taken up at fevcn leagues dilhnce- tl, adjacent ground was entirely waHed, and the inhabi' tants forced ro quit their dwellings. The laft volcano that happeneo in this ifland was in 1750, when one of thefe rivers of Pre ran, with great rapidity, from the mountains towards the town of Palmas, and difcharecd itfelf about a mile to the northward of the town, but we have not learnt that any confidcrablc erupt ioa'haih happened fincc that time. If we take a view of Palma at the diflancc of three leagues off at fea, the mountains feem full ofguturj I or beds formed by torrents of rain water ; but thcfe I only appear little from their height and diflancc- fnr welind them tobclargevallies, abounding with woods on a nearer approach. In many places on the fhorcof this and the other iHands, is found the black Diining fand ufcd tothrow upon writing, to prevent its bloitma It appears to have Ixen call out of volcano.i, for th- load-ftonc, when held near it, will draw up every uram of it. ° The air, weather, and winds arc nearly the fame ai at Tencriffe and Canaria, except that the wcflcrly windj and ram are more freqiicnt at Palma, on account nf its lying more to (he weltwaid and northward, and on that account is not fo far within the verge of the N E. trade winds as thnfe illands; whence it 13 particu- larly txpofed to the .S. wind, which moftly prevails m the latitudes .adjadnt tothofeofthe N. E. trade-winds as well as to variable winds from other quarters. ' 1 he climate here, and in Tencritfe, Canaria, and Gomcra. differs greatly, according as a perfon liJrs in the mountains, or near the fea fliore. During a calir the heat feems almoH intoleiable near the Ihoic, in ihe months of July, Auguft and Vptcmber j but the air is at the (.niie time quite frelh and picafant on the mountains. In the middle of winter the houfcs ipon thefe, (bine of which are neai the clouds, muH be cx- trcnuly cold, and the natives keep hres buriiing m their habitations nil day Iwii^ j but this is far from bf- ing the cale near the fca, where they ufe fires only m their kitchens. The fiimmiis of all the Clanary illrs except l.anccrota and iHicrteveniura, are generally w. vcrcd with fnow for eight months in the year. The fummit of Palma formerly abounded with trees, but a great drought in 1545 dcHroyed them all ; and thnuj^h others began to fpring up Ibme time after, they were dcHroyed by the rabbits and other animals, whichfind. ing no paflurc below, went up there, and dcHroyed all .le young flirubi and trees, fo that the upper part of the illand u at prefent quite bare and dcfolate. Before the trees and flirubs were deftroyed, a great deal of manna fell there, which the natives gathered and fcnt to Spain, The rabbits were lirfl brought to Palma by Don I'edro Fernandez dc l-igo, the learned lieutenant- general of Tcnci ill'e, and have fince encrcafed in a ki- prifing manner. Palma affords nearly the fame producl ions ajCi- ; nana, but a great quantity of fugar is made here, par- ticularly on the S. VV. fide of the illand. The princi- pal jKirt is called by the fame name, and it lituitcdoii the fouth fide of tiie ifland. The road is alxjut a quar. ter of a mile from the fliore, where vefltls generally iide in fifteen or twenty fathoms water 1 and with good j anchors and cables, notwithllanding the eallcrly windi, I they may ride with great fafety in all the windi that blow in this part of the world. 1 he town is large, | containing two parifli churches, ftvcral convents with many piivate buildings, though they are neither (o\ gorKl nor fo large as thole in the city of Palniai in Ca. naria. or of the towns in Tenciille. Near the mole i« a caHle or battery, mounted with fbmc pieces of can- non, forthcdcfenceof the Hups in iliebay, and to pre- vent the landing of an enemy. Theie are no other towns of note in Palma j but many villagcj, the chid of which is called St. Andrew, where there are lour engine! tor ilic making of fugar; but the land here- abouti COOK'8 SECON D VOYAGE— for making Difxverks in the South Seas & Round the World. 1 1 5 houts is very poor, fo that the inhabitants are fupplicd from the ifland of TcncriHc with grain and other nc- ciffary articles. Korthe aniufcmcnt of uninformed readers, we fiiall ,jj(,jjj an account of the idand of P'erro, and alfo a ojrn^ulardclcriptionof the prcfeiit natives ofthc illands 7Can.ini', TcncrilVe, P.ilma, Goinera, and Fcrro ; their ncrfons, habit, diet, buildings, manners, culloms, &c. The Spaniards call the ilfand of Ferro, Hicrro, and ttie French the illcde Fer, or the ifland of lion : it is t,t moil wefterly of all the Canaries, and is about !],ijty miles lontf, fifteen broad, and feventy-fivc in circumference. The French navigators formerly placed the center of this ifland their firft meridian for cckoning the longitude, as the Durch did theirs at the oilce of Tcncriffe ; but at prefent moft geographers reckon their firft meridian from the capital of their o*n country, as the Englifli from London, the French from ViW, &c. It bcmg more convenient, and con- y(yin.» a more diftindt idea to fay, that fuch a place yfomany leagues diftant E. or W. from the capital of his own country, than to reckon the longitude from iJilhntland. Ihisilland of Fcrro rifes on all fides ftccpand craggy ((omthclca-fhorcabovc a league, foasto render the jf cnt extremely diHicult and latiguing ; but after tra- velling thus far, the reft of the ifland will be found to be tolerably level and fruitful, abounding with many (,iniis of trees and (hrubs, and producing better grafs, hcibJ, and flowers, than any of the other illands, whence lpic, only it is foftcr, and more aromatic 1 and the Lcavei refen^ble rhofc of the Ijurtl, but arc Uig«.., wider, and more tyr-ed. Thcfe come forth in a perpetual fuccenion, whence the tree il»jy8 reinains green. Near it growi a thorn, which tailens on many of itt bnuichei, with which it is in- itrwovcn, ai>d lomc beech treei, brefot, and thorns, irc at a ''mall didance from it. On the north lide of ihetnink arc two large tanktorcifternt of rough (lone, or rather one ciftern divided J each half bting twenty (crt fqiute, and flxteen fpant deep. One of thefe con» iiiDs water for the drinking of the inhabitants, and ihcoilier that which they ulc for their cattle, walhing, ikI the like purpofet. A lioud or mif\ rifet frotn the fea every morning, »kh the fouih and caftcrly wmdi force againll the ibovcnicntioncd iteep cliif t when the cloud having no vent but by the gutter, gradually afccnds it, and ad- vances flowly from thence to the extremity of the val- ley, and then reds upon the wide-fpreading branches of the tree, from whence it diftils in drops during the re- mainder of the day, in the fame maimer as water drips from the leaves of trees after a heavy fhower of rain. This diftillation is not peculiar to the tree, for the brcfos which grow near it alfo drop water ; but their leaves being only few and narrow, the quantity is fo trifling, that though the natives fave fome of it, yet they make little account of any but what difbls from the tree ; which, together with the water of fome fprings, is lulhcient to ferve the natives and their cat- tle. It has been remarked, that this tree yields moll water in thofc years when theealfcrly winds have moll prevailed ; for by them alone the clouds or mills arc drawn hither from the fea. A pcrfon lives near the fpot on which the tree grows, who is appointed by the council to take care of it and its water, and is al- lowed a certain falary, with a houfc to live in. He daily diftributes to each family of the difiriiit fcvcn vcfTels filled with water, bciides what he gives to the principal perfons of the ifland. Mr. Glafsfays, he is unable to determine whether the tree which yields water at prefent be the f.imc here dcfcribed, but judly obfervcs, that it is probable there have been a fucceffion of them. He himfclf did not fee this tree, for this is the only illand of all the Ca- naries which he did not vifit ; but he obferves, that he has failed with the natives of Hicrro, who, when qiief- tioned .ibout the cxillencc of this tree, anlwcicd in the aflfirniative ; and takes notice, that trees yielding wa- ter arc not peculiar to this illand, lincc one ofthc fame kind in the ifland of St. I'homas, in the gi:lf of (Juincy, is mrntioncd by fome travellers. By reaibn of a fcarcity of water, the foil, in fome parts ot this ifl.ind, is very barren ; but in others it is fertile, and produces all the neccllary articles for the fupport ot the inhabitants. The (hccp, goats, and hogs, that are brought up in thofc parts diltaiit from the rivulets, feed almofl all the year round on the roots of fern and afphodil, and thcretorc have little occalion for water, as the want of that element is fupplicd by the gnat nioiflurc that if naturally in thofe roots. There is only one fmall town in this illand, and the moll dillinguiflied building in it is a parilh church. Many fmall vill.iges are dilperfcd about the town, but there arc not any of them that defcrve a particular dc- Ic.iption. Small cattle, brandy, honey, and orchilla weed, arc the chief articles of the tr.idc carried on by the inhabi- tants of this illand. As to the original natives ofthc ifland of IVrro, wc arc told by travellers, that before it was rendered fub- jed toSpain they wereof a middle llaturc, and doathed with the Ikins of bcalh. The men wore a cloak of three lhcep-(l child, they gave it fern roots roalled, bruifcd, and mixed with but- ter ; and at prcfem they give them Hour and barlcy-mcal .roai>t\i, ami mixed with bruifed cheefc. 1 he native'! iifually bake the flelli of fliecp, goats, and hogs; an I ,is thev had no kind of grain, their bread was m.idc ot tern roots, of which, with milk and but- ter, the priiuip.il p.irt of their tlict was compofcd. One king gnvcrmd them all ; and havin;; never any occ'.ilion to i;(> to war, had no warlike weapons : thev iiiditil c.irncil long Haves; but thefe were only toallil} thtin intravellin" ; for the country being fo rocky, as to make it nccclfiry treqiiently to leap from, one Hone to another, this they pcrlormed by means of tliel'e poles. I'olygiiny «as not allowed ; Init tl;ey bad no rcllric- tions With lefpect to their marna;:cs, excepi a man's not being allowed to marry his mother im' Inlcr; for every man miglir take the woman he liked IkU, ami whole confeiit he coiiM obtain, withoi:t thcleaf^ ii|;ani to rank or nohihiv. Indeed all, except the long, were in this refped upon an ciiuatity: the only diliinction among them conlilled in the number of their Him ks. It was uiiial tor the man, whrn hechofe a wile, to make a prefeiu of cattle to her lather, according to i.is ability, in return fdi the la\oar of letting him have bis duif'b- tcr. Ihe king recei\ed no paitu ular tribute from his fubjecls ; and ev.rv one maile him a piefent ot ciuile ; for thev were imt oblii;cil togive him any tiling, but ac- cording to their |)lealiiie or circumllances. At a leiil, they killed one or two fat lambs, according to the num- ber o! their gueiJs: thefe they plated in a vcird on the gii'unil, fitting round It in a ciicle, and never njini; till liiey had e.ittn the whole. 'Ihclc lealta are Itnl coniiniie.l among ihcir iie(cendant». If a perfon Ml li< k, they nibbed his body all over with iiuitcr ami lliecp's uiariow, covering him well uptokeephim warm, but i.\lien a nun happentd to be wounded, they burned th.- pait afle't'.d, and afierwards anointed it with but- ter. They buried their dead in caves; ami il the dc- ceafrd was a man ol wealth, they iiiteried him in his clo.iths, and put a board at his leet, and the pole he uled to li.ivel with at h:s liiie; and, in o'der to pre- vent his being devoured by ravens, they doled the mouth of ihctave with Hones. Muidi r and theft were the only crimes for which they inlLcteil cor|K)i.l |)tmil1iment. The mutdenr was put to deuh in the l.iiue inaiimr .i'. he had killid ihe deceafed; ind the thicl, lor the lirlt otlencc, w;is j ii- milled with the lofs ot one ol his e>cs, and '..r the (e- f'yiid, 1)1 iheoilui. 1 his was doiie that he might not lee to Ucal any moie. '1 he otlice ot excci'tioner on thc.'e occaiions, was partormed by a paiticular pcrion fet apart tor that purpole. .As to their religion, they wnrlhippcd two de itie«, one ot whotn was male, the other female; the male was named Kraoran/.an, and was the obiect of the men's adoiation; the other, worll.ipi ed by the women, was called .\lone)ba. I hey had no images, or viliblc re- prefeniations of thele deities; nor did they evi r faeri- licc to them, but only prayed to tlum in their neecf- lities, as when they wanted rain to brmg up the grals for the fublillence of their cattle, iv.c, ihe native* pretended, that when the goiis were imlmtd to do thtm good, they came to the illaiul, aiul alighted on two great roiks, which arc in a pl.icc to which they ga\e the name of Veniayca, wheie they received the petitions ol tlie people, and alierwaids returmd to their celellial abode; thefe rocks are now called by the Spaniards l.os Antillos ile los .\nt(quo«, or the hills of the ancients. We lliill now give a particular dcfcription of the prrf'ent iiiiives ol Caiiaria, Teneiilfc, Palma, Goincra, iiiul lent), with an account ol their perliiins, drcli, 6:c., previous to which it will be neccllary to obJervc, that the defcendants of thismived nation arc at prcfcnt dc- luiinmated Spamaids, whole language is that of the Caltiban, which the gentry fpeak in pcrfedtion, but the piaiaiiis, iu the remote paru ui the Ulamis, in an almoft unintelligible manner, fo that they arc fcarc 1 undernood by fl rangers. ^1 The greatcft part of the natives arc fmall of ftatnf. well made, and have gooil features; but they arcm fwarthy than the inhabit ints of the fouthcrn p\it"'^'i Spain; their eyes, however, are lino, large, and liMrt ling, and their countenances exceedingly cxprcili' ~ but the old people have a very dilagrecable afpivt. P> ' pie of dillinction won- in coinnion a cainblet cloak i' a dark red :t black colour, a linen nip;ht-cap, bordcrM with lacc; and a broad llouchcd hat. When tlv pay vifits, a coat, fwoid, and white peruke arc addc!/ the latter of which forms .i very odd contrail to th ' dulky complexions, and what is ftill morcliiifrnijr th'' keep their large floiiched hat upon their heads a'lin« in the hoiife ; hut when they arc out of doori, the* cairy them under their arm. Neither do they put on their perukes upper coats, or fwords, but when thev walk in piocellioi, pay tjrm:-! vifi, , or go to church on high felliv.i; s. The lo.vor cafs of people wear their own bla:k. biilliy hair, and tuck foiiv.-of it behind th right car; and their principal gannent is a white loof coat with a friar's cape, and girlcl nund the iniddll, with a latb. 'Ihis girmcnt ii long and narrow, an'j made of the vor.l ot their own Ihcep. Women of inferior rink woi a piece of irsme on their heads, which falls down the IhoultUis, js pinned umler the chin, and C( vers the neck and brcilf. A part of their drefs is a broad-brimmed llouihed hat but they ule this with mnre propriety than tlie men- for abroad they wear it up.m their bends, whereby thdr laces are IVteened from :'ie fcorching beams ol the fim ■|"hev throw a minile over their llioulderit, thcpoodncfi of whi> h is III propoition tothc condition of the wearer They wear jakkits i;illead of t>a)R, iind are all vtr» fond ol a f^rear number of pctticerit«. The principal ladies of (Jrand (Jan;'ria and 'reiieiitfo drcf"« attor tin- t illron of 1-iancc and binfdand, and p.nv viijts in cha. riots; bur none walk the tticets without bring vaikd though fome are fo can-lcfs in tt^eufr ot their vails liut they lake care to la their tares nnd ntcksl>e (iron. Snnc ladies have their hair cunnuflv |)laned, niul (aliened ij the (Town of their hca«l with a goKI cciiib. 'Ihcir mantles are very luh, and they wear a pmfiifion of I jewels; but they render cheir appearance rid;rnl(iu« :o drangers, from that clumlinefsof iire(«, and aukwanU nels ot gilt, whirh is oblervahit in both IcxcJ. The [Toorer fort ol [Kople .in- ulilicitd with many j loathliime dilordtri, and are nariiially very filthy • the gentry, however, alject griut delicney. limh kxesgo every morning to hear mats; and moll ol thcin gn be. fore they take any refu Ihrncar. Their hreakuil is oliially chocolate : they dine iit ivhhk and ihut up the ilooid till three o'clue k. People in good circiiiiirtancci have four cnurfes broojjht to table. I'he lirll dilh con. (ilii ot lou() made of beet, ii*itt»m, pork, bacon, po. tatoes, tuintpw, carrots, onion*, antt fatJron, lie wed j togetner, with thin llices ot bread put into the dilh, Ihe Iccond courleconlilli of roified meat, Io'aIj, dc. The third is the olio, or imjrcdieiHs ol whkh the foBj) i was nvuic. Alter which, conica the ik'lert, cimtilhnu ol fruit and fwect-nic«ts. Th* cniupimy dnnk Ircfly ol witij, Or wine ami water, while at dinner i but havo 1 no wine after the cloth la removed. While drinkin|r, their toalh arc iniicli like outs. Whr.i dinner is o\cr, a large liiver dilh, blUd with water, is fet upon tlieta^ blc; w hen the whole compahy, allatim.T, walhinui and then a ferv.uu, who Hands at the lower end of the] table, criea, " BlcHed andpraitcd be the moll holyfa- cranicnt of the altar, and the clear anWLT| f^iit ir'niuft be cpniidcred, that ' the miflc'ri There Sfc'giliicrairy eftccnwd great thjeves; and as the ma'fter ol every family fends hii^ own corn ni be grcjunfl, unlcfs 'It' be ny/rovily watthed, the miller will tdke rtto'muc'h'Voll. If'U laid \^hen any crimi- nal is to fu'fftr dtrath, and' tttt ci^iifutlpttcrHiippens to ; be out of^th(f Way, 'the offiWr^'btjtiftlce.have the powcrof feizingtbc flrft butcHfcr, \nilter, or porter they can find, and of obliging him to difchirgc that office; fuch is theif diflikc to pcrjbns ,of thito occupations. Mr. Glafs, once tOuchl^ig' it the iflattd of tlomcrattf procure fr<;lh waref,'ldrfecTT6tVie poor ragged filhcTmcrt I to fill the water t^aft^j' a'nd'hrlng thefi^ oil board ; but fomc time after, gbfng to the watering place to fee what progrcls they had' made, he found the calks full, and all ready fok* rolling down to the beach, with the filhermen ftanding by, tal|iing' together, a«, if they had nothing farther to do. He reprin^linacd them for their laiincfs in nocdifpatchfng thchiifincfs in which he had employed themj when otic of them, with a dif- dainful air, replied, " What do you take us to be. Sir? " Do you imagine we are porters ? No Sir, wearcfea- " men." Notwithftanding all his intrcatics and pro- mifes of reward, he was unable to prevail upon any of them to roll the calk to the water fide s but was at laft obliged to hire porters, to do the bulincfs. But the gentry of thefc iflands, though for the moft part poor, yet are extremely polite and well bred, the very pca- fiints and labouring people have a Conl\dcrable fliate of good manners, with little of that furly ruUicity which IS too common among tht lower clafs of people in Kngland j yet they do not fcem to be abaflicd in the pretenre of their fuperiors. A beggar alks charity of a gentleman, by fiiying, " l"or the love of CkhI, Sir, " pleafc to give me half a rial j" and if the other gives him nothing, he returns, " For the love of God, Ibeg your worftiip'i pwdon," and then departs. The common p^jple and fervants here arc much ad- didted to private pilfering, for which they arc ufually punllbed by being difchargcd the fervlce, beaten, or imprifaned for a Inort time. Highway robberies are fel- dom or never known j but nuirder is rporc common 3 G than Ii m ' *»' . i.i I'^i '< :|! V 1^1 m mm riit-tr It I Ai^' IK 1' '■' ,. ! if, iiiiii-'tlli ui 1 1 t, whp«g«i» to the houfc whcft;,fhc mrt lives, ahd endeavours to pcrfuadc them to agree to ncr mar- riage; f>iit if they refufe to confcnt to their union, he tikes her aw;^y before thei* faces, without their being aole to hinder him, and cither places her in a convent, or with fomc. of her relations, where flie muft remain tjll they foofcnt to her marri^c. Wc have been in- formed that a lady wiU.fometimcs fcpd a nan an oircr of her pcrfon^in an hpnofinblc way; if he declines ir, he keeps the matter fecrct tiir death, (hould he do ochcrwilc, he would be kwkcd upon by all people in the moft dcfpicablc light. Young men are hot allowed io court the youth of the othplt fcx without an intention to marry them : for if a woman can prove that a man has, in any inftance, endeavoured to engage her affec- tions, Ihc can oblige him to nUrry her. This, like many other good laws, is ail;)ufcdi for loofe women taking advantage of it, froauentl^ lay fiurcs to entrap the timplc and unwary; ana ibmetinies worthlefs young men, form dcim for foiiK time, in order to divert his grief, a * not leave him till another relation comes to relieve i . iirft, the fecond is relieved by a third, and thus they fuccrcd each other for the fpace of a year. Each nf the Canary iflands, as well as every town and family, hath a peculiar tutelary faint for its jpatron, whofe day is celebrated as a feflival, by a icrmon preached in honour ol the faint, and a fervicc fuited to the occafion. On thcfc days, the (trcet iKar the church is llrewcd with Howcrs and leaves, a multitude of wax candles are lighted, and ^connderabit number pf firf| Worksylaycd off. , i.j , '; .ii • ^'"^ i'; A kind affair is ge^wrally held on the eve of rh fcOivals, to which the people of the adjacent co, I rtfort, a|]d (peo^ the^rcateft part of the night inT"*' I and^dancmg to the found of Aeguittar, afcomS with fhe voices npt only of thofe whp play on tC ' ftrumcnt, but by thofe of the dancers. The d» "" praclifed, here are farahands and fqlias, which are n danaj^; thofe which are quick are the canario fi H ufcd bv the Canarians; the fandango, which isc'h h praaikd by the vulgar; and the rapetes, which ne» • refei/Alcs our hornpipe. Some ot thefe danceri m i be tcrnm^ dramatic,. as the men fing verfes to th"''' partners, whoanfwcr them in the fame manner M H of the nfttiTcs of thefe iflands can play on the in. ml and they have in general excellent voices. •■ For the entertainment of the populace nljvs aded in the ftreets, at the feaftg ofthc tutelar f,intirf| TencrifTc, Canaria, and Palma; but the perform I cannot be fuppofed to rife to any degree of pcrfc^"*! as they are not prolcffcd adors, and only fomc of'Ii!''! inhabitaius of ihc place Scan to.hjivc.a natural turn foil ^filing. "*| The gentry frequently take the air on horfeback • huJ when the ladies arc obliged to travel, they ride on iff and inftcad of . ,«Jdlc, they ufe » kind of chair ?* which they fit very commodioufly. The principal * arc paved with pcbble-ftpnei, like thofe ufcd in .h, ftreets of London. There are a few chariou in Com I ria, the town of Santa Cruz, and the city of LamT in Tencriffc; thcfc arc ail drawn by mules, but they j^ kept rather for (licw than ulc; for the roads arc not mrS per for wheel carriages, being IXfpp ,and rocky tiJ lower clafs of people divert thcmlclvo with dancinJi finging, and pUying on the guittar; hkcwife wuh throwing a ball through a ring placed at a great difJ unce.cards, wrcai«g,andquoiia. ThcpeaCintl particu larlv thofe of Gomera, have the art of kapina f,, rock to rock when they uavel, which is thus xth cd : the long ftaff or pole ufcd on thcfc occalioiu an iron fpikc at the c^d of it. and when a man wa„b to defcend Irom one rock to another, he aims the Domi of the pok at the place where he intends loalight i then throws himfclf towards it, pitching the end of pole Io as to bring it to a f«rpendicular, and thentlid down it to the rock on which he fixed it. In the convents, children arc uught rcadine wri ing. Latin, arithmetic, logic, and other branches philofophy. The fcholars read the dallies ; but tl Greek is newer taught here, and u entirely' unknov even to the (ludcnis in divinity. They are panici larly fond of civil bw and logk, but the latter ischfc preferred. The people belonging to thefe iflands have a ceni for poetry, and compose verfes of ditfcrciu meafm which they fet to mufic. Some of their fongj u other poetical pieces, would be greatly eftecmed' in country were uile for poetry prevails. Few of thi book) called profane (to diftinguilh them from ihi of a religious kind) are read here, fince they cam, be imported into the ifland without being firft exjinin( by the inquiOtion; a court which nobody cares to ha any concern with. The hiftory of the wars in Grann. is in every body's hands, and ii read by people of i| ranks I they half alfo fome plays, molt of which ii very good. Thomas a Kempis, and the Devout i'l grim, are in every libnry, and much admircil. Bi the books moft read by the laity are the Livci t the Saints and Martyrs, which may be conlidcrcd as kind of religious romancei. Huffed with legends, a the mofl ablurd and improbable Aorici. With refpect to the civil government of the iOa of Canaria, Tencriffe, and Pairoa, which are called t king's iflands, it will be proper to obfcrve, in the fi place, that the natives, on their fubmitting to the cro of Spain, were fo far from being deprived of their bcrty, that they were put on an equality with thtiro querors, in which the Spaniards fbewed great wifdi and policy » but how they came afterwards to ad ii quit* contrary manner in America, is hard to iki mint : perhaps they might be apprehcnfive, that if t cOOK's SECOND VOYAGE— for anking Difcoveries in the South Se-s Si round the ff^orU. 1 1 9 i-d with too much rigour againft them at firft, P mitrhtintimebe induced to ftake off the yoke, '*"/ ^fooflefs their tyrannical mailers, which we arc >7 "' S by hte events, has proved to be the cafe m I nth America, as the foll(»wmg piece of intelligence, ^kiil^d in September 1782, announces: " You have fr 'aiv heard it reported, that there was a rebellion ""chili and Peril, in South America ; and though the c' "niirds do all they can to keep it a fecret, 1 can af- ^ lou from undoubted authority, that all the mmes I l!l,„ ind the city ofPcz, which is fituated in the ' nor part of the country, where they lodged their f nl cold and filver, and other valuables, arc taken , ,hcm and there were one hundred and fifty mil- K of oiaftrcs taken out of the ftrong chefts. The na- will very foon have the whole country in their pof- fun for they dcftroy every white man, woman, and i!m 'and even kill every one begot between a Spa- M md a native." But to return. After the con- !S of tlie Canary Iflands. the Spaniards incorpo- ')% ^^iti, the natives in fuch a manner as to become People with them, and in (ronfequence of this po- r bunion, the king of Spain is able to raifc in thcfe ^X more foldiers and fcamcn than in any other part "f his dominions of three times their extent. The al- If who is a juftice of peace, is the loweft officer fot the alguaiils ; there is one of them in every n or village of r.ote. Thefe magid rates are ap- ""ntcd by the royal audience of the city of Palmas, ^Canaria ; they hold their places only for a certain L and. in cafes of property, can take cognizance of difputcs where thevalucof what is contended for ex - UlslTvcntcen rials, or feven (hillings llcrling. Over SimaR'rtratcs it the alcade major, who is appointed Tthc fainc manner as the other, and cannot decide any fertlatinp to property, that exceeds the fum of two ^ndrcd dollars. From the decifion of thofe magif- * , appeals lie to the liniente and corrcgidor: the Lftof whom is a lawyer, and nrmu^ated by the royal ■jjcnce i but the latter, who is appointed by the [1 is not obliged to be a lawyer, yet mull have a fe- iTjfy clerk, or afllftant bred to the law. The corre- Ijor u'ciwrally holds his place five years, and fome- Smo longer. Few of the natives enjoy this honour- iij office, which is commonly filled by Spaniards. •nic prvx ccdings of the corrcgidor's court, and in that rfthc tinicntc, arc the fames thefe courts fceming to L( been origiiully intended as a check upon each aKcr Api>cals are made from the corrcgidor and ti- •cntc so the royal audience of Grand Canaria 1 a tri- bunal comp"fcd of three oidores. or judges, a regent, andhful. who are ufually natives of Spam, and are j.ay! jpiwiiued by the king. The governor-general Hprciiilciuofthis Ciurt, though he rcfides in Tene- Ji In criminal caufes there is no appeal from their ijrtcimination : but appeals are carried to the council «iuilicmc of Seville in Spain, in nutters rcfpccling ''h the Canary IflanJs, the {landing forces amount o-Jv to alx>«t an hundred and fifty men ; but there is a itiil.tii ol which the govcrnor-Kcneial of the ifland is j.i)j commander in chief, and the officers, as colo- Kl!. captains, and fubalterns, are appointed by the I,,,', There are alfo governors of forts and caftlcs, fonK of which are appointed by the king, and ethers h ihe twelve icgidors of thciflands, called the cavildo; lone of the forts belong to the king, and the reft are Uiiit the dircdion of the rrgidors, or fiib-govcrnora, „h)alfo take care of the r- pair of the highways, prc- vot nuifances, and the plague from being brought into ihcillimi liy Ihippingi for no man ii allowed to land inthcrc idands from any Ihip, till the mafter produces I bill of health from the lall port, or till the crew have limitxatmned by the proper officers. The royal re- wnucariles from the following articlei t a third of the tiiht), which fcarccly amounts to a tenth part of them, ihetlcrgy appropriatii^ almofl: the >vholc to them- ftlvfs. riiis third part was piven by the pope to the king of Spain, in confidcration of hia maintaining a [Kipciust war againft the infidclt. The fecond branch confids in the monopoly c< 'r. jacco and fnuff, which the king's officers fell on his account, no other perfona being atlowed to deal in thofe articles. Another branch of the revenue arifes from the orchilla-weed, all of which in the iflands of Tcneriffe, Canaria, and Palma, belong to the king, and is part of his revenue; but the orchilla of the other iilands belongs to their refpec« tive proprietors. The fourth branch confifts of the ac- knowledgment annually paid by the nobility to the king for their titles, which amounts to a mere trifle. The fifth branch is a duty of feven per cent, on imports and exports : and the fixih duty on the Canary Weft India commerce. All thefe branches, the fixth ex- cepted, are faid not to bring into the king's treafury above fifty thoufand pounds per annum, clear of the expences of government, and all charges relating thereto. Having departed fi om Madeira on the 1 (I of Augull, on the 9th we crolTed the Tropic of Cancer, and at nine in the morning came in fight of Donavifta, bear- ing S. W, by W. about two leagues. This day Capt. Cook made from the infpiiTatcd juice of malt three puncheons of beer. The proportion of water to juice was ten of the former to one of the latter. We had on board nineteen half barrals of in fp ilia ted juice, fifteen of which were made from wort that had been hopped before it was infpiirited. This you may mix with cold water, in a proportion of one part of juice to eight of water, or one part to twelve ; then ftop it down, and in a few days it will be brilk and fit to drink ; but the fird fort, after having been mixed as above diredlcd, will require to be fermented with yeaft, in the manner as is done in making beeri however, we found this not always ncccffary, as we at firft imagined. This juice would be a mod valuable article at fea, could it be kept from fermenting, which it did at this time by the heat of the weather, and the agitation of the ftiip, that all our endeavours to flop it were in vain. On Monday the 1 oih we paflcd the ifland of Mayo, on our ftarboard fide, and at two P. M. came to an anchor, eighteen fathom water, in Port Praya, in the ifle of St. Jago, one of the Cape de Verds. An of- ficer was fent on fliore for leave to procure what refrefli- ments we wanted, which was readily granted ; and on his return we faluted the fort with eleven guns. Here both (hips were fupplicd with plenty of good water. We alfo recruited our live dock, fuch as hogs, goats and poultry, fome of which continued alive during the re- mainder of the voyage. The Cape de Vcrd iflands arc fituated in 14 degt, 10 min. N. latitude, and i6deg. 30 min. W. lon- gitude. They were fo called from a cape of the fame name oppofite to them, and weredifcoveredby Anthony Noel, aGcnocfe, in the fcrvice of Portugal, in the year 1640, and are about twenty in number; but fome of them are only barren uninhabited rocks. The cape took its name from the perpetual verdure with which it is covered. The Portuguese give them the name of Lcs Uhas de Vcrdes, either from the verdure of the cape, or clic from an herb called fargaflb, which is green, and floats on the water all round them. His Portuguefc majcfty appoints a viceroy to govern them, who cunflantly rcfides in the ifland of St. Jago. The Dutch call them the Salt Iflands, from the great quan- tities of that commodity produced in feveral of them. The principal of thefe are, i. May, or Mayo ; 3. San lago, or Saint James's ; 3. Sal or Salt ; 4. Buena, or Bono Vifla, or Good Sight; <. St. Philip's, otherwife called Fuego, or the ifland of Fire ; 6. St. John, or San Juan; 7. St. Nicholas; 8. St. Vincent; 9. St. Anthony t 10. St. Lucia ; 1 1. Drava. Their foil is very ftony and barren; the climate exceeding hot, and in fome of them very unwholefome { howeve.-, the principal part of them are fcrtilci and produce various forts of grain and fruits, particularly rice, maiz, or Indian wheat, ba- nanas, lemons, citrons, oranges, pomegranates, cocoa- nuts, and figi. They have alfo calavances, a fort oC pulfe like French beans, and great tjuantitict of pump- kini, on which the inhabitants chiefly fubfift. The/ produce alio two other fruits of a remarkably nature, vit. i :. 1:1 . tM ;« ,1 1 III M ito Capt. COOKs VOYAGES C O M P L E f E. \l viz. the cuftard apple, and the papah. The former of thefc is as large as a pomegranate, and nearly of the fame colour. The outlidc hulk, flicll, or rind, is in fubllance and thickncfs between the ftiell of a pAmcgra- natc and the peel of a Seville orange, fofter than the former, yet more brittle than the latter. The coat or rind is alfo remarkable for being covered with fmall regular knobs or rifings ; and the mlide of tfic fruit is full ofawhitcfoft pulp, which in its form, colour and tafte, greatly refemblcs a cuftard, from whence it re- ceived its name, which was probably firil given it by the Huropeans. It has in the middle a few finall black iKines, but no core, for the whole of it is entire pulp. The tree that bears this fruit is about the file of a quincc-trcc, ami has long (lender brancbcs that fpread a confiderable way from the trunk. Only fome of the branches bear fruit, for though thefc trees are large, yet in general fuch trees do not produce ai)ove twemy or thirty apples. The fruit grows at the extremity of iliefc branches, upon a ftalk about nine or ten inches long. The other fruit, called the papah; is about the fi/.eofa mulk melon, and refcmbles it in (hape and colour both within and without ; only in the middle, inftcad of fl;it kernels, which the melons have, thcfe have a (juantity of fmall blackifli feeds, about the fize of pcp[)er-corns, the tafte of which is much the fame as that fpicc. The tree on which this fruit^rows, is about ten or twelve feet high ; the trunk is thickcll at the bottom, from whence it gradually decrcalcs to the top, where it is very thin and taper. It has' not any fmall branches, but only large leaves, that grow immediately on the ftalks from the body. The leaves are of a roundifh form, and jagged about the edges, having their ftalks or (lumps longer or fmaHct, as they grow nearer or farther from the top: they begin to Ipring out of the botly of the tree at about fix or fcven lect high from the ground, the trunk being below that entirely bare, and the leaves grow thick allthaway from thence tothctop, whcretheyarevcryclofeandbroad. The fruit grow only among the leaves, and mort plentiful where the leaves are thickcO ; fo that towards the top of the tree the papahs fpring forth from it in clufters. It is, however, to be obferv'ed, that where they grow fo thick, they are but fmall, being no bigger thaa ordinary turneps ; whereas thofe nearer the imddle of the trunk, where the leaves are not fo thick, grow to the firll- iiientioned lir.e. Various forts of poultry abound in thefe iflands, particularly curlews, Guineyhens, and Hamingocs, the latter of which arc very numerous. The llammgo is a large bird, much like a heron in (ba()e, but bigger, and of a reddifli colour i they go in flocks, but are fo Oiy, that it is very dillicultto catch them: they build iheir nefts in (hallow ponds, where there is much mud, which they fcrapc together, making little hillocks, like fmall iHands, that appear about a foot and a halfabove the furfacc of the water. They makt the foundations of thefc hillocks broad, bringing them up taper to the top, where they leave a fmall hollow pit to lay their eggs in : they never lay more than two eggs, and fe' .nn Icls. The young ones cannot Hy till they are amort full grown, but they run with furpriling fwiftiiefs: their tongues arc broad and long, having a large liimp of fat at the root, which is delicious in its tallc, and fo greatly admired, that a dilhof them will produce a vciy con- fiderable lum of mor v. Their flerti is lean, and of a dingy colour, but it .«.iiher talles lifliy, nor any ways unpleafant. Here arc alfo feveral other forts of fowls, as pigeons and turtle doves -, miniotas, a fort of land fowl, as big as crows, of a grey colour, and the Helh well tailed; crulias, another ibrt of grey-coloured fowl, almoll as large as the lormcr; thefe arc only feen in the night, and rheir Helh is iaid to be exceeding falutary to |Ki)ple in a decline, by w hom they are ufed. They have likcwilc great plenty of partridges, quails, and other fmall birds, and rabbets in prodigious numbers. M.my wild animals aliound here, particularly lions, tigers and camels, the latter of whicn arc remarkably large. There arc alio great numbers of monkics, ba- boons, and civet-cats, and various kinds of reptiles, The tame animals arc horfes, afles, fhecp, mulcj co goats and hogs ; and here the European lliips bound r'' the Faft Indies, ufually (lop to take in frelh water i ' provilions,with which they arc alwaysplentifullyfupDii J Fi(h of various forts abound in the fea, particul, i' dolphins, bonettas, mullets, fnappers,. filvcr Cffi «, ancl here is fuch plenty of turtle, that feveral fo'rei ' (liips come yearly tp catch them. In the wet felr the turtles go afliore to lay their eggs in the fand \vhi l they leave to be hatched by the heat of the fun Th I Hefh of the turtles, well cured, is as great a fupplvtolk ' Amtrican plantations, as cod-fifh is to Europe n inhabitants go out by night and catch the turtles K turning them on their backs with poles ; for thcv arV / large that they cannot do it with their hands. In thefc iflands arc many European families all f whom profefs the Roman Catholic religion. The n tivcs arc alliicgrbes, and much like their African neiah" hours, Irom vVftom they are fuppofed to be dcfccnJcH though, as they are fubjcd to the Portugueze. their o« ' religion and language prevail among them. Both nvl! and women are llout, and well limbed, and they art general of a civil and quiet dirpofition. Their drr" (particularly in the ifland of St. John) is Very triflin confining only of a piece of cotton cloth wound roun^ the waift. Tht women fomctimcs throw it over h head, and the men acrofs the fliouldcrs. Neither f wear Ihocs or ftockings, except on certain fcftiyl'^ I he men are particularly fond of wearing breeches, f they can get thetn, and arc very happy if they havebu a waittband and flap before, be they ever fo ramred The illand of Mavo, or May, obtained its nam? from Its being difcovered on the Hrfl of that month Ir ;, lituated in 15 deg. 5 min. N. latitude, near 100 miU from Cape Vcrd. and is about 17 miles in circum ferencc. The foil is in general very barren, and vul'r Icarce: however, here are plenty of cows, goats. a„J afles ; and alfo fome corn, yams, potatoes ancTpJantaim I he trees arc fituatcd on the fides of the hills, and the natives have fome water-melons and figs. Theffi likewifc^bounds with wild fowl, fifti and turtle Thf« grows on this ifland, as well as on moft of the others 1 kind of vegetable flonc, extremely porous, ofa crev'ifh colour, which rtioots up in ftems, and forms fomctliins like the head ofa cauliflower. » On the well fide of the illand is a rand-bankthatnini two or three miles along the fhorc, within which ii a large falina, or faltpond, encoiiTpaflcd by the fand bank, and the hills beyond it. TTic whole falt-pond ii about two miles in length, and half a mile wide, but the greater part of it is generally dry. The north end which IS always fupplied with water, produces fait from November till May, thofe months being the dry feafon of the year. The waters yield this fait out of the fca through a hole in the fand-bank, and the quantity that flows mto It IS in proportion to the height of the tidcj- in the common courfc it is very gentle, but « hen the fpring tides arifc, it is fupplied in abundance. If there IS any fait in the pond, when the flufti of water comes m, it foon diflblvcs j but in two or three da\s after it bltlK-re. prcfent. I c fpe ,1 in the falt.ng 1 .burytj.pcwitl BOtanyvcflelsot (liipjcpme hither, .hom they depend ,tch of Portugal, l\ Clilh nation. A luJc here, and arc ,!,,„, froin Barbado „i,,iily to Irciuht wn Tlic ifland of S {luitfd nhoiit four IxiMCcn the iSth at ■'W. long. This inhabited of all the C in^ it H very mou lurrcn l.im1 in it. (•■tnanicot the ilia laiiuiiic. it flamls tkinncn which ther( ,i,(t, that runs wii [jutpirt of tiu- vail( ,iih houfci on each bvom, which emp l^y, where the fea (dip rule there will (Of the landing pla (onllinily k.'pt, anc , few fmall cannon. The town of St. J ^fcs, ail built oi r (hurch and a convci irtingcncralvcryp. thief manufacture i poftuguefe fliips p jniij, and fupply Bodities in return. A tolerable U^ge t oiled Praya, where Jom without fliips, e ofiht Furopean (hij it this port to take ((lilom llop here on 1 ci I'raya ilocs not ti.cpt a f"i t, fituate ru.iJs tht hai hour. ihc country people 1(11 to the fcanien ai riily coiuill of bul pliniains, and coco ihirn, drawers, hundl imilmcii of any kin The port of I'raya Diddle of the lout! the Imtuilc of 14 ilc JO mm. W. loii^itu coming ill Irom the illind, ami which lie of the bay is foi ncil W.S. W. ancll-.. N Near the wtfl point continually breaks. i Icajjuc. \Vc watei the head of the bay difficult to get it abc ih( beach. The lel No. 14. COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoverits iji the South Seas & Round the World. 121 The inhabitant* of this ifland live in three fmall ' ,he principal of which is called Pimont, and i '"'' jj'n, two churches, with ai many priefts ; the other '""'lied St. John, and has one church j and the third, ''h*h has achurch alfo, is called Lagos. The houfcs «rv mean, fniall, and low , they are built with the *•*■ of the liB tree (that beine the only one fit for the ""'nofe that grows on the ifland) and the rafters are P"X(,f a fort of wild cane which grows here. ""The Portugucfe govcr'"-r of St. Jago grants the pa- to the negro goverii n of this illand, whofc fitua- "" is tolerably advantageous, as every commander "h"! \iAii fait here is obliged to compliment him with rcfent. I Ic fpcnds nioft of his time with the Eng- ' P j„ the falling feafon, which is his harveft, and a bufy time with all the natives. Thefc people have Int^iny vtflcis of their own, nor do any Portugucfc rnjcome hither, fo that the Englilh arc the chief on hon) they depend for trjdc i and though-thcy are fub- *,,j„f Portugal, they have a particular cftcem for the ^olilli nation. Alfcs arc alfo a great commodity of jt here ; and arc fo plentiful, that fevcral European 'i^ froni Barbadoes and other plantations, come an- luHy to 'fc«Kht with them to carry thither. " The ifland of St. Jago, or St. James's ifland, is (Ituiifd shout four leagues to the weOward of Mayo, Lvncn the isth and iftth drg. N. lat. and in the 23d t^S lu"^- ^'^" ''land is the mofl fruitful and biH rihjbitcd of all the Cape de Verd iflands, notwithftand- '. . it ii very mountainous, and has a great deal of Jfcn l.tiid ui it. The principal town is called after At name oi the illand, and is fituatcd in 15 dcg. N. ij'imdc. It llaiKls againrt the Cdcs of two mountains, bj[»icn which there is a deep valley two hundred yards I fiik, that runs within a fmall fpacc of the fea. In ijm '.wrt ol the valley next the fca is a draggling llreet, ,iih houlci on each tide, and a rivulet of water in the biitoiii, which empties itfcif into a tine cove or fandy k,y where the fea is generally very fmooth, fo that (dips rule there with great fafety. A fmall fort flands ^ the landing place from this bay, where a guard is (onllantly k.-pt, and near it is a battery mounted with jfcw fmall cannon. • The town of St. John contains about three hundred koufcs, all built ol rough flonc, and it has one fmall thurch'and a convent. The inhabitants of the town ,„,n general very poor, having but little trade. Their chief nianufadtufc is ftriped cotton cloth, which the Portuguefc fljips purchafc of them, in their way to Jtaiil, and fupply them with fevcral European com- Bodities in return. A tolerable la''ge town is on the eafl ftde of the ifland, olW Praysi where there is a good port, which is fel- Joni without Chips, efpecially in peaceable times. Mofl gfihr Furopcan (hips bound to the Eafl Indies touch jt th;s piirt to take in water and provifions, but they liiiioin llop here on their return to Europe. The town ol I'raya iliiisi not contain any remarkable building, n.cpt afoit, fituatcd on the top of a hill, which com- Buadi the haibour. When the European fliipsarc here, the couiitrv people bring down their commodities to l^ll to the fcainen and palFcngcrs j thefe articles gcnc- nily coiilill of bullocks, hog?, goats, fowls, cggj, pljntiins, and cocoa-nuts, which they exchange for ihins drawers, handkerchiefs, hats, waiflcoats, breeches, iniiline:i of any kind. The i)i>rt of I'raya, a fmall bay, is fltiiated about the Diddle of the luuth fide of the ifland of St. Jago, in ihclitituileof 14 deg 53 mm. 30 fee. N. and 2} dcg. ]o mm. W. longitude. It is difcovered, efpecially in coming m Iroiii the chII, by the iouthcrmofl hill on the ilJind, and which lies weft from the port. The entrance ofthc bay is foi ned by two pointi, rather low, being W, S. W. anil I-.. N. E. half a league from each other. Near the well point arc funkcn rocks, whereon the fea continually breaks. The bay lies in N. W. about half ilnt;ue. We watered at a well, behind the beach, at the head of the bay. The water ii fcarce, but it it diicult to get it aboard, on account pf a great furf on ihc beach. The lefrclbmenu to be procured here will No. i ' t t ■ mm ■'%%u mM^ n'" iVk m> tw\ ^ ^m .J*'^ 1»!ii^ ;tr^u 122 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. i fll II il 1 i IpI 1 ll[l [■inij;-' -. The people of this ifland prefer the Englifli dref* to their own; for moft of them have fuits of cloaths bought of the Englifli, and have learned to make cot- ton cloth to imitate the European fafliion. The women hive one, two, or three cotton cloths wrapped about them like petticoats, tied on with a girdle abojt the hips, and fometimes without a girdle. Their fliifcs are made like a man's Ibirt, but To (hort, as fcarcely to reach to the girdle ; the collar, neck, and waiflbands. of the young people of Ibme rank, are wrought in figures with fllk in various colours in needlework ; but thoold and the poor have theirs worked with blue cot- Ion thread. Over theif Ihifts they wear a waiftcoat, with llceves to button at the arms, not above fourinchcs deep in the back part, but long enough before to tie with flrings under their brcafts. Over all they have a cotton cloth in the manner of a mantk; thofe of the married women are generally blue, and the darker the colour the richer it is reckoned j but the maidens, and gay young wives, and widows, wear blue and white, fome fpotted and fome figured. They, however, ra- ther choofc, if they can get them, linen handkerchiefs wrought on the edges, and fometimes only on the cor- ners, with red, green, and blue filk ; the hrft being the colour they moO admire. They wear neither flwes nor flockings, except in holidays ; and, indeed, at other times the women have generally only a fmall cotton cloth wrapped round their waift, and the men a ragged pair of biccchcs ; to which, if there be but a wairt- band, and a piece hanging to it before to hide what mo- derty teaches them to conceal, they think it fufficient. The pcopfc of Bona Vifta are fond of the Englilh, and tnoi\ of them can fpeak a little of their language. St. Philip, called alfo Fuego, or the Iflc of Fire, re- ceived this latter name from a very large mountain, which frequently emits great quantities of iire and ful- phur. It is (ituated in fifteen deg. twenty min. N. Ut. and fix deg. fifty-four min. W. from the Cape ; is the highelt ofall the Cape de Verd iflands, and appears at a dillance like one continued mountain. On the wed fide of it there is a road for (hipping, near a fmall caftlc iitunted at the foot of a mountain, but the har- bour is not fafc leafes. fending what he thinks projier to his own houlir, with all the Ikim; and after he comes hornc, he fendi pieces to thofe who are old, or were not out a hunting) and the fltins he diflributcs amongfl them as he thinks their n'ccflities require, referving the remainder of them for the lord of the foil. This is one of the principal privileges en- joyed by the governor i who is alfo the only maBiftratr, and decides the little differrncea that fometimes tiappen among the people. Upon their not fubmitting to this deciiion. he confines them till they do, in an open place walled round like a pound : but, inflead of a gate, they (^ncrally lay only a flick acrofs the entrance, and thoie innocent people will (lay there without attempt- ing to cfcapc, except when overcome by pafTion, and then thejr rufli out in a ragci but thefe are foon caught again, tied hand and foot, and a centinel fct to watch , them, till they agree with thctrantagonift, afk thegovcr- j nor's pardon for breaking out of his prifon, and have re* i mained there as long as he thinks they have defcrved. ! Nay, if one kills another, which hardly happens in an with which the Vl. 'U..''.J. cook's second VOYAGE— for making Di/coveries in the Sout6 Seas & Round the IVorld. 1 23 the governor can only confine him till he has paci- ccd the relations of the deceafed, by the mediation of hi] friends, who arc bound for the criminal's appcar- ^f{ in Cafe a judge Ihoutd be ever fent from Portugal McKClite-juftice j but imprifonment is h> tc reckoned ufi a fcandal, that it is as much dreaded as Tyburn -sby criminals here. j^bout forty-five miles from the ifland of Salt is St. Nichola* \^^> •''« N. W. point of which is in 17 dcg. lomin. N- latitude, and 6 deg. 5 a min. W. longitude uga Cape dc Verd. It is the largeft of all the Cape ij Verd iflsnds, except St. Jago. The land is high, ^ rifcs like a fugar-luaf, but the fummit of the moft ekvsicd part is flat. The coaft of this idand is entire- hclesr fromrocksand flioals. The bay of Paraghifi is ' /Lr. U>i» rK^ t\t\\mr rr\tAo •%r*^ trsV^r-wrt* rill t\\t* trt^Ast infccure till the trade ,i^$ are fettled. Here is a valley which has a 6ne ^ fafe, but the other roads are X Sting of water in it, and many perfons employ thcm- Ivcsin fupplying different parts with that ufeful arti- cle with which tncy load affes, and carry it a confide* itbic way at a cheap rate. Water may likewifc be g|)(iincd in almod any part of the ifland, by digging a The town of St. Nicholas is the chief place in the jIUnd : it is clofe built and populous, but all the houfes, (<)c*cn the church, are covered with thatch. Capt. Avery, the celebrated pirate, having once received fome i)tf(ftce from the inhabitants, burnt this town; but it ns afterwards rebuilt, much in the fame manner, and j5thc fame extent as before. The people arc nearly black, with frizzled hair. ■fhfv fpcak the Portugucfc language tolerably well, but at ihicvilh and blood thirfty. The women here are iwrc ingenious, and better houfewives than in any gilKtof the Cape de Verd iflands. Mofl families have kotf«. hogs, and poultry ; and many of the people of S. Nicholas undcrftanJ the art of boat-building, in ihkhthc inhabitants of the other idands are deficient. 7h(y likcwife make good cloths, and even deaths, tting tolerable taylors, nunufadurc cotton quilu, knit n(un (lockings, make good fhoes, and tan leather. Xhey arc tirong Roman Catholics, but their difpofi> (oot arc fo obftinatc, that their priefls find it very iScult tu rule them. This ifland abounds in oranges, tmoiu, plantains, bananas, pompions, mu(k, water- KJons, fugar-canes, vines, gum-dragon, fcflrtwns. mil, ice. ThciilanJof St. Vincent is under i8deg. of N. lati- tidr, two leagues to the well of St. Lucia, and about ixt\.ihrce leagues didant from the Iflc of Salt, W. js; by N- It is five leagues in length. On the N. W. (fit there is a bay a league and a half broad at the gtnncr, furrounded with high mountains, and (Irctch- if in the middle of the ifland. This bay is iheU itcil from the weflerly and north-weflerly winds, by tehigh mountains of the iflc of 3t. Vincent; fothat duiithc fafcll harbour of any in all thefe iflands ; ai yet it is difficult of accefs, bccaufc of the furious rndi that blow with the utmoft impctuofity from the BHintiiru along the coafl. There ar: fcveral other yi bays on the fouth-fide of the ifland, where fhipa Hv anchor, and thither the Portuguefe generally go BJoad hides. The S. E. fldc of this ifland is a fandy jm, but there is not a drop of water on the hills, nor dtn in any of the deep valleys, except one, in which itihttater is fcen to fpout out of the ground on digging iliitlc. £1. Anthony is the mod northward of all the Cape ItVerdillands. and lies in 18 dcg. N. latitude, fcvcn Bid from St. ViiKent, with a channel between them, liicb nins from S. W. to N. E. Here arc two high ■uuainsonthti ifland, one of which ismcarly as high sthepike of Tencriffr, and feenu always invclopcd in duds. The inhabitants arc about five hundred in •mbcr; and on the N. W. fide of the ifland there is a Inlcviiligc, conliflii^ of about twenty houfes or cot- Ifn, and inhabited by near fifty fiimiliea of negroes |H white ocople, who are all wrMchedly poor, and lak the rurtugiiefe language. On the north-fide of the ifland there is a road for fhipping, and a collection of water in a plain lying between high mountains, the water running from all ndes in the rainy feafon ; but in the dry fcalon the people are greatly diflrelFcd for water. The principal people here arc a governor, a captain, a priefl, and a fchoolmafle.', all of whom take much upon themfelves, fo that the people have fomc jingling verfcs concerning them, which imjjly, that the governor's ftaff, the beads of the priefV, thefchoolmaf- ter's rod, and the captain's fword, give them a licence to feafl on the natives, who ferve as flavcs to fupport their luxury and grandeur. St. Lucia lies in latitude 17 deg. 18 min. N. It is high land, full of hills, and is about eight or nine leagues long. On the S. E. end of it are two fmalt ifles, very near each other. On the E. S. E. tide is the hartxiur, where the fliorc is of white fand : here lies a fmall ifland, round which there is a very good bottom, and fliips may ride at anchor in twenty fathom water, over againfl the ifland of St. Vincent. Brava or the Savage, or the Dcfart Ifland, is about four leagues to the S. W. of Fuego. There are two or three fmall iflands to the north of it. The beft harbour lies on the S. E. fide of the ifland, where fhips may anchor next to the fliore in fifteen fathom water. There is an hermitage and an hamlet jufl above the harbour. On the wefl-iide of the ifland there is a very commodious road for fuch fhips as want to get water. On Friday the 14th of Augufl, both fliips having got on bo.ird a fupply of refrethments and provifions, we weighed anchor, put to fea, and continued our voyage to the cape of Good Hope. On Sunday the i6th, in the evening, a luminous fiery meteor made its appear- ance ; it was of a bluilh colour, an oblong Ihape, and had a quick defccndmg motion. After a momentary duration, it difappeared in the horizon ; its courfe was N. W. We oblerved a fwallow following our vcfTcl, and making numberlefs circles round it, notwithfland- ing our diftance from St. Jago was between fifty and fifty leagues. This harmlcfs bird continued to attend the fhip m her courfe the two following days. We obferved many conitos in the fea, which Ihot pafl us with great velocity ; but we could not take a Angle one, though wc endeavoured to catch them with hooks, and flrikc them with harpoons. We were more fuccefs- full in hooking a fhark, about five feet long. On this fifh we dined the next day. We found it rather dif- ficult of digeflion. but, when fried, it was tolerably good eating. Nothing very remarkable happened on board our fhip the Rclolution, except that on the 19th, one of our carpenter's mates fell overboard, and was drowned. He was fitting on one of the fcuttles, from whence it was fuppofed he fell. All our endeavours to fave him were in vain, for he was not fcen till the in- flant he funk under the Ihip's flcrn. We felt his lofs very fenfibly, he being a fobcr man, as well as a good workman ; and he was much regretted even by his fhipmates. On Thurfday the soth, the rain defccnded not in drops, butinflreams, and, at the fame time, the wind was fqually and variable, fo that, the people were ob< liged to keep deck, and of courfe had all wet jackets, an inconvenience very common, and often experienced by feamcn. However, this difagreeabic circumflance was attended with good, as it gave us an opportunity of fpreading our awnings, and filling fcvcn empty puncheons with frefli water. This heavy rain was fue- cccded by a dead calm, which continued twenty-four hours, and was followed by a breeze from S. W. Be- tween this and the fouth point it held for fcveral da}f , at times blowing in fqualls, attended with rain and hot fultry weather. On the 27th inflant, one of capuin Fumeaux's petty officers died on board the Adventure { but on board the Refolution, we had not one man fick, although a deal of rain fell, which, in fuch hot climates, is a ffreat promoter of fickncfs. Capt. Cook took ever/ ncceflary precaution for the prefcrvation of our health, ||>y airing and drying 'St fliip with §rei made betwceii • decks. II' I'if 1 I'^is Mill m K .,» .'iil ta4 Capt. cook's VOYAGES COMPLETE. decks, and by making (he crew air their bedding, and wa(h their cloaths, at every opportunity. Two inch Wire puniflicd on board the Adventure; one a private nuirinc for quarrelling •,. ith the tjuartcr-mafter ; thC other a common Tailor fdr theft. F.ach of them re- ceived one dozen. This we menrion to flic* What ftrifl ^ifciplinc it Mas nccelFary to prcferve on board, in order to eftablifli a rci»ular and peaceable behaviour in fuch hazardous voyages, when men, uiulccuftomed to con- troul, are apt to prove mutinous. On Tucfday, September the 8th, wc crortcd the line in longitude 8 dcg. W. Some of the crew, who had never palFcd the Ime before, were obliged to undcrgd the ufual ceremony of duckmg, but fomc bought them- fclvcs off, by paying ihe required forfeit of brandy. Thofc who fubmittcd to an emerlion, found it very falutary, as it cannot well he done too often in w.irm weather, and a frequent change of linen and cloaths is exceeding refrcfliing. On the 14th, a flying fiflj ffll on our dock; we caught feveral dolphins ; faw fome aquatic biriis ; and, at various intervals, obfcrved the fea covered with numberlefs animals. On Sundnv the 27th, a fail was difcovcred to the W. Handing after us ; (he ap()carcd to be a fnow, and fhcwed cither I'orfugucfe colours, or St. George's enfign. We did not chufc to wait till ihe approached nearer, or to fjKak to her. The winds began now to be variable, fo that wc made but little way, and not any thing remarkable happened till Odober the i itli, «hen wc obfcrved an rrlipfc of the moon. At twciuy-lour minutes, twelve fcconds, after fix o'clock, by Mr. Kendal's watch, the moon rofc about fourdigits cciipkJ i alter which the following olifcrva- tions were made with dililrcnt inllruments and time- pieces, by our alUoiionurs and others. f By Capt, Cook iBy Mr. FoilUr By Mr. W.iU.s By Mr. Fickcrfjiill By Mr. r.ilbeu By Mr. I Icrvy h. m. f. *5..S.j, with , ^a common rcl'raclor. 6 SS 6 54 57 * quadrant tclcfi ope. 6 53 ;iO a three feet refraftor. 6 5.1 34 the naked eye. 6 j: n a quadrant telcfcopc. Mean 6 54 4b; by the walch. ; Watch n.nv of? apparent time J » " Apparent time 6 58 45 1 Knd of the cclipfc. Ditto 7 15 00 At Cireenwich. Difference of long, o zf> 14; =-6" 33' 30" Longitude from Mr. Wales's ObfervatiotU. BythcmoonandftarAquil.T S' 5' '? vf^jn ^o ,,'o" By thedittoic do. Aldebaran 6 35 3 By Mr Kendal's Watch 6 53 ] On Monday the i :th, the weather being calm, we amufcd ourfelvcs with (hooting fca fowl. Wc were now accompanied by flicerwaters, pintadoes, &c. and by a fmall prey pctcrcl. This laft is lefs than a pigeon, has a gray back, whitifli belly, and a black ftroke acrofs from tiic tip of one wing to that of the other. Thefe .nrc fmithern birds, and, «e believe, never feen within the tropics, or north ot the line. They vilitcd us in great ilights ; and about the fame time wc faw fcver.d animals of the molufca kind, within our reach, to- gether with a violct-colourtd fliull, of a remarkable thin texture, and therefore leems caltulated to keep the open fca ; and not to come ■• .ir rocky places, it being eafily broken. .Sanirda; .nc 17th, we difco»crcd a fail to the N. W. which hoifted Dutch colours. She kept us company two days, but on the third wc out-failed Her. From the 12th to this day, wc had the wind between the N. and E. a gentle gale. On Wcdnefiay the 2 . fl, our latitude was 35 dcg. 20 min. S. and our longitude 8 deg. 4 min. 30 lee. E. From this time to the ajd the wind continued callcrl/, when it veered to the N. and N. W. After fomc houri calm, wc faw a fni as fotnc thought, a fea lion. The wind now fi/J * N. W. which carried Us to our intended port a *' drew near to land, the fea fowl, which ha j .. ' panied us hitherto, began to leave us : at leafl thf!!?; not appear in fuch numbers ; nor did wc (^ „,? or the black bird, commonly called the Cape Hen ^; we were nearly within light of the Cape. Qn yi! 'L day, the ayth, at two o'clock V. M. we made the T l!,' of the Cape of Good Hope, for a particular difrri tion of which, and of the adjacent country r«. **" 9^. &c of this work. The Table Mountain. oZff Cape Town, bore t. S. F. dMlant twelve or rZ,. leagues : had it not have been obfcurcd by clouj might, from hs height, have been feen at a much t.r«," dillance. Friday the 30th, we flood into Tabic fc" I with the Adventure in company, and anchored in fil* ' fathom water. We were now vilitcd by the maO attendant of the fort, fomc other ollicers belon.-in the company, and Mr. Brandt. This lafl ccntlo '** brought oil to us many articles that were very ,„ table i and the mailer attendant, as is CLillomarv' /'t an account of the two Ihips, eiuiiiiring p.iriicuia'rlv d the linall-pox was on board, a diloixier dreaded tL all others by the inhaMt.intsof the Cajx:! for «hitlir *' j (on a fiir(;eoii always attcmla on tlufe vidis. This I*" Capt. C(K)k lent an oHicrr to wait upon Baron l',L ^^ ' b.rg the governor, to inform him of our arn\al.7'| which he icturneda polircanfuer ; and on ihereiinn f our ofiicer, wc faluud the foit with eleven gun; win'il compliment was acknowledged l.y the lame mnba I The governor, w hen the captain at coinpanicd hv lun-j o( our^ gentlemen waited upon him, told ihcm iwo French fliips from the Mauiuius aU m 'f |^.|,. 1 months bifoie, had tlileoxcied land, in 48 deg. S la|i tilde, and in the meridian of that iH-ind, along whieji they failed forty miles, till they came to a bay, in[oJ which when they wore ab.-nployed hinifclf in taking virw of the town, aiid plits adjacent, in oiTcoioun; all l^\\ were left with Mr, Brandt, to be forwarded by I to the admiralty, by the firft (hip bound for Eng- oii the 1 8th of November we had got every thing on 1. lint it was the 2 id before we could put to fca, r hisin'ef^'*' the crews of both (hips were fcrvcd every I 'with trcfli iKcf, or mutton, new baked bread, and P'' qiiintity of greens they thought fuflicicnt j and l«»* ^ n.:... :« -.,-ru r-r.«..>> Mere put in as good At this time The firft in every refpcit, |l,(l»ofl>'P» lliiio" as *hen they left England. It crcmovis took place in the Adventure ftcn"". ^^''- ^hank, dcfired leave to refign, in or !\^ (,iurn to England for the recovery of his health, firft v'h »•>'' [granted. Mr. Kemp was appointed " lenint, and Mr Burney, one of our »^id(hipmcn, ^lty, and aifo flops to fuch who wanted linn. Ubfrrving a great number of albatrolles about l^^put out hooks and lines, with which we caught |l«nl, >''■' fhc ftiip's company, though ferved with IsBnon, rclilhed them very much. On the 2^th a Jan ilorin came from the W. N. W. with few inter- jli'of moderate weather, for nearly a week : the fca jBrtryhit^h, and frequently broke over the (hips. OnSjmiiy, December the 6th, we wer€ in Iat. 48 ^«,^l mix. S. and in 18 deg. 34 min. E. longitude. Thtllorm continued, and the roaring of the waves, Sithcr with hail, rain, and a great agitation of the t!, «cre circumftances that rendered our fituation Bimtly dilagrecable. A boy in the fore part of our (iihiMring a noifc of water running among the chcfts, j/r^rJout, and tound himfelf half way up the leg in m;: u[x>n which all hands worked at the pumps, but dt: titer mcreafcd upon us. This was at laft difco- rdiot line in through a fcuttic in the boatfwain's (i(.rouiii. This gale, attended with hail and rain, [jminutil till the 8th, with fuch fury, that we could Lrvno fails ; and being driven by this means far to kfilhirJ of our intended courfe, not the leaft hope Lui.wd of oi)r reaching Cape Circumcifion. Our K!rcfs«as augmented by the lof$ of a great part of our tiKltock «e h.id brought from the Cape. Every man tiihcclVccls of the fudden tranfition from warm to cx- ttmccoli weather;, for which rcafon ah addition was iiJt to [he men's allowance of brandy in both (hips. Onthc morning of the 7th, the rifing fun gave us a tawing profpccl of ferene weather 1 out our expefta- ooAifoon v.iniihcd ; the barometer was unufually low ; adbyonco'clock P. M. the wind, which was at N.W. kicf itiih fuch violence as obliged us to ftrikc our top. pUini-inalh. On the Sth the gale was fomewhat todi ; but the fear ran too high for ui to carry mor^ ithe forc'top-maft llay-liuC On Wcdnefday, the 9th, at thiK.c A. M. wc word ftiip to the fouthward, ftiowcrs ot fno ^ fell, with fqually weather. At eight made (ignal fnr the Adventure to make fail. On the loth nude another fignal for her to lead, and faw an ice-illand to the v.c(Kvard of us, m 50 deg, 40 min. S. latitude, and 2 deg. E. longitude of the Cape of (Jood Hope. The weather being hazy, Capt. Cook by (ignal called the Adventure under our ftcrn ; a fortunate circumftance this; for the fog in- crealed fo much, that wc could not difcern an liland of ice, for which we were fteering, till wc were Icls thana mile from it. The fea broke very high againft this ifland of ice, which Captain Inirncaux took for land, and therefore hauled off from it, till he was called back by (ignal. We cannot determine with precilion on the height or circumference of 'his icc-ifland ; but, in our opinion fuch large bodie.i muft drift very (lowly, for, as the greatcft part of them are under water, they can be little afftdcd by either the winds or waves. It being necelTary to proceed with great circumfpcdion, we reefed ourtop-(ails, and upon ((lunding found no ground with one hundred and (ilty fathoms. Friday, the iith, in 51 deg. 50 min. R. Iat. and : I deg. 3 min. E. longitude, faw fome white birds, and palFed another large ifland of ice. The birds were about the (ize of pigeons, with blackifli bills and feet. Capt. Cook thought them of the petrel kind, and na- tives of thefe frozen feas. The difmal fcene in.view, to which we were unaccuftomcd, was varied as well by thefe birds, as feveral whales, which made their ap- pearance among the ice, and afforded us (ome idea of a fouthern Greenland. But though the appearance of the ice, with the waves breaking over it, might afford a few moments picafure to the eye, yet it could not fail filling us with horror, when we reHcfted on our dan- ger ; for the (hip would be dallied to pieces in a mo- ment, Were (he to get a^ainft the weather (Idc of one ofthife iflands, when the fca runs high. On the thirteenth, a great variety of ice iflands pre- fented themfelves to our view, and the number of our attendant birds decreafed. As we were now in the lati- tude of Cajie Circumcilion, according to Mr. Bou- vet's difcoveries, in the year 1739, yet wc were ten deg. to the longitude of it; but fome people on board were very eager to be firft in fpying land. In this field of low Kc were feveral iflands, or hills, and fome on board thought they faw land over the ice ; but this was only owing to the various appearances which the ice hills make, when feen in ha/v weather. Wc had fmooth water, and brought tc :•- ler a point of ice : here wc confultcd on places of rendezvous, in cafe of fepara- tion, and made feveral regulations for the better keep- ing company. We then made fail along the ice. On Monday the fourteenth a boat was hoifted out for two gentlemen to make fome obfervations and experi- ments. While they were thus engaged, the log in- crcafed fo much, that they entirely loll fight of both of the fliips. Their fituation was truly terrific and alarming, as they were only in a fmal! lour oared boat, in an immenfe txrean, furround«d with ice, utterly defti- tufe of provilions, and far from any habitable fliore. They nude various efforts to be heard, and rowed about for fome time, without efted ; they could not fee the length of their boats, nor hear any found. Thry had neither mart nor fail, only two oars. They determined toliellill, as the weather was calm, and hoped th^it the fliips would not fwim out of fight. A bell founded atadiflance, which was heavenly mufic to their ears. They were at laft taken up by the Adventure, and thus narrowly efcaped thofe extreme dangers. So great was the thicknefs of the fog fomctimcs, that wc had the ut- moft difliculty to avoid running againft the iflands of ice, with which we were furrounded. We ftood to the fouih on the fevcnteenth, when the weather was clear and ferene, and faw feveral forts of birds, which we were unacquainted with. The Ikirts of the ice feemed to be moic broken than ufual. and wc failed among it mbft part of the day ; wc were obliged to ftand to the northward, in order to avoid it. On the eighteenth we got clear of the field of ice, but was carried among a I the A\ * '11 km ..^p,r.»»..^f» 126 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. the ice iflands, which it was difficult to keep clear of. The danger to which were now cxpofcd, was pre- ferable to being entangled among immenfc fields of ice. There were two men on board the Kefolution, who had bc^n in the Greenland tradj ; the one had lain nine weeks, and the other fix, (luck fad in a field of ice. That which is called a field of ice is very thick, and confifts but of one piece, be it ever fo large. There arc other pieces of great extent packed together, and in fonte places heaped upon each other. How long fuch ice may have lain here, is not eafily determined. In the Greenland fcas, fuch ice is found all the ftimmer long, and it cannot be colder there in fummer time than it is here. Upon the fuppofition that this ice ^vhich we have been fpcaking of is generally formed in bays and rivers, we imagined that land was not far from us, and that the ice alone hindered our approaching it. We therefore determined to fail to the eailward, and afterwards to the fouth, and, if we met with no land or impediment, there to get beh'nd the ice, that this matter might be put out of doubt. We found the weather much colder, and all the crew complained of it. Thofe jackets which were too Ihort were lengthen- ed with baize, and each of them had a cap made of the fame ftuff, which kept them as warm as the cli- mate would admit. Scorbutic fympcons appealing on fomc of the people, the furgeons gave them frefli wort every day, made from the malt we took with us for that purpoi'c. We ftood once more to the four.hward on the t :nty- fecond intlant. On the twenty-third, we hoillcd out a boat to make fuch experiments as were thought ne- cefTary. We examined fcveral fpecies of birds, which w e had Oiot as they hovered round gs with fcetning curiolity. On the twenty-fifth, being Chriftmas-day, we were VTiy chcarful, anu notwiihllanding the (urrounding rucks of ice, the failors fpent it in favage noife and drunkennefs. On the twenty-fixtli, we failed through large quantities of broken ice. Wc were ftill furround- ed with idands, which in the evening appeared vny beautiful, the edges being tinged by the fetting fun. Wc were now in latitude j8 dcg. 3 1 min. S. On the twcnty-fevcnth we had a dead calm, ind wc devoted the opportunity to (hooting petrels and pen- guins. This alforded great fport, thoi.v;h wc were un- (uccefsful in our chace of j^enguins. Wc were obliged to give over the purfuit, as the birds dived fo ficqucnt- ly, and continued 10 long under water. Wc at laft wounded one repcitcdiy, but was forced finally to kill it with a ball j its hard jjl"ni"g plumage having con- flantly turned the liot afide. The plumage of this bird is very thick the feathers long and narrow, and lie as clofe :>3 fc^i s. Thefe amphibious birds are thus fecuredagainl^ the wet, in which they almoft continual- ly live. Na.urc has likcwife given them a thick Ikin, in order to ' elift the perpetual winter of thefe inhofpi- tabk- climates. The pc.nguin wc (hot weighed eleven poundb and a half. The petrels are likewife well pro- vided ag:iinll the fevcrity of the weather. Thefe latter have an alloniOiing tiuantity of feathers, two feathers inlUad of one proceeding out of every root. Glad were we to be thus employed, or indeed to make any mo- mentary rclledions on any fubjed, that we might in fome lueafure change that gloomy uniformity in which we (o llowly palled our time in thefe dcfolztc and un- frequented Um). We had conllant difagrccabic wea- ther, conCilling of thick fogs, rain, ficet, hail, and fnow; we were (i.rroundcd with innumerable quantities of ice, and were in ' intlant danger of being fplit by them i add to which, wc were turccd to live upon fait provilions, which concurred with the weather to inkH uur mafs of Mood. Our feamen coming frefli from England did not yet mind thefe .everities and fatigue, their fpiiits kept thcin above repining at them > but among Ibme of us a wifh prevailed to exchange our fitu.cion for a happier and mure icmpciatc one. I'he crew were well fupplicd with portable broth and four krrut, which had tnc delircd clFei^ in keeping them from the (curvy. The habit of body in one man wai | 3 not to be relieved by thofe expedients, but he was cured by the conflant ufe of frcfti wort. This ufcful remedy ought never to be forgotten in fliips bound on Ion? voyages, or the encomiums on the efficacy of malt can. not be exaggerated ; great care muft alio be taken to prevent its becoming damp and mouldy, for if it j, fuffered to do fo, its falutary qualities will become impaired in a long voyage. On the 29th, the commanders came to a refolution provided they met with no impediment, to run ai ftr weft as Cape Circumcilion, (ince the fea fecnicd to be pretty clear of ice, and the dillancc not more than eighty leagues. We (tcered for an ifland of ice this day, in, tending to take fome on board, and convert it into frcft water. On this ifland we faw a great number of pen. guins. The fight of thefe birds is faid to be a fute in. dication of the vicinity of land. This may hoKlgood where there are no ice iflands, but not fo when there are any, for there they find a reftiny place. Wc will not determine whether there are any females among them at fo great a diftance from land, or whether thct go on (hore to breed. On the 31ft, wc flood for this ifland again, but could not take up any of the loofe ice, for the wind iiicreafed fo confiderably, as to make it dangerous for the (hips to remain among the ice ; bcfidcs which, wcdiftjvcrcd an immenfc field of ice to the north, ortcndi"? fur- ther tlun the eye could rrach. We had no time to deliberate, as wc were not above two or three milci from it. On the 1 ft of January, the gale abated, a r, . but there fell a good deal of fnow and fleet, ' '73' which froze on the rigging of the fliips. The wind continued moderate the next day, and wc wire favour- ed with a fight of the moon, whofe face wc had not feen fince we left the Cape of GootI Hope. Wc were i now in 50 deg. la min. S. latitude, and in 9 deg. 45 min. E. longitud:. Several obferva'ions were nude of the fun and moon. We were nearly in the longi- j tudc afligncd by M. & jvet to Cape Circumcificn: but as the weather was "1 ry clear at this time, infomuch that we could fee at leaft fiftcei leagues diflancc from j us, it is moft probable that wh.'.t he took for land viii no more than mountains of ice, furroundcd by loofe { or packed ice, the appearances of which arc fo decep- tions. From all the obfcivations wc could make, »e I think it highly probable that there is no land under the meridian between the latitude of 55 and 59 dcg. \\'e\ dirccled our courfr to the li. S E. that we misht get! more to the S. We had a frefli gale and a thick icy:, I a good deal of fnow and fleet, which fra^e on the tig- j ging, and every rope was covered with fine traniparcfitj ice. This was plcafirgenough to look at, but Miideuil imagine it was colder than it really was, for thewcathtfl was much milder than it h;id been for many ci.iys pil',| and there was not fo much ice in the fea. Qiieincnii.| vcnience attended us, which was, that the men founditj very dilVicult to handle the rigging. On Triday tho 8th, we paflcd more ice iflands, whick I became very familiar to us. In the evening wcramel to one which had a vaft quantity of loofe ice about it,| and, as the weather was m deratr, we brought to, inJ] fcnt the boat* out to take up as much as they coi''i). I Large piles of it were packed upon tl.c qMrter-decli,! and put into calks, from which, after it was melted, wel got water enough for thirty days. A very little fait I water adhered to the ice, and the water which thiipro.] duccd was very frcfh and good. Excepting the mchingl and taking away the ice, this is a moil expcditioui| method of fupplying fliipa with water. Wc ubfcrvedl here feveral wnite whales, of an immenfc fixe. In two I days afterwards wc took in more ice, as did the Ad*! venture. Someperfons on board, who were ienonntj of natural phiiolophy, were very r.iuch afraid init ihtl unmeltcd ice, which wai kept in calks, when the mtiJ ther altered, would dilTolvc aod-fabrft the caflts in whirhl it w.s packed, thinking chat,'in iu nielted flate it woulJl take up '-.lOre room than in id ftadn one. In order lol und'.civc them, Capt. Cook placed a little jM ofj Uamped ice tn k rcnripenite caboio, which, u 11 grn imtl COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dtfcoverks in the Sm.th Seas & Round ' ' e World. \ r-j dually diflblved, took up much lefs fpacc than before. fhis was a convincing argument, and their fears of this fort fubfidcd. As we had now feveral fine days, y)t had frequent opportunities of making obfcrvations, and trying experiments, which were veiy ferviccable to us on many accounts. The p» --Ic iikewife took the opportunity of wafhing their r ns in frefli water, which is very neceflary in long voy*. \. On the 17th, before noon, we c.xilcd the antarftic circle J and advanced into the fojthern frigid zone, which to all former navigators ha»i remained impene- trable. VVe could fee feveral leagues around us, as the weather was to' . rably clear. In the afternoon we faw the whole fca covered with ice, from S. E. to S. W. Wt fiw a new fpecies of the petrel, of a brown colour, with a white belly and rump, and a large white fpot on the winpj ; we faw great flifrhts of them, but never inyof them fcU into the fliips. We called it the An- tjrftic jKtrel, as fuch numbers of them were fecn hereabouts. In the afternoon we faw thirty-eight ice idands, large ind fmall. This immcnfc field was compoli:d of dif- ferent kinds of icej fuch as field- ice, as fo called by the Grecnlandmen, and packed ice. Here wc faw feveral whales playing about the ice, and Hill large flocks of petrels. Our latitude was now 67 deg. 15. min. S- We did not think it prudent to perlevere in a fouth- trn direiflion, as that kind of fummcr which thisp'-'t of the world produces was now half fpent; and it would hive taken up much time to have gone round the icr, fuppoling it pradicable 1 we therefore refolved to eo dire^ly in fearch of the laud lately difcovered by the French. On the !oth. m the evening, we faw a bird, which in Capt Cook's former voyage was called the Port lurmont hen ; fo called, becaufe there are great num- bers' of them to be fecn at Port Egmont in Falkland iOands. They are about the fize ofa large crow, fliort ind thick, ofa chocolate colour, with a white f(Kck under each wing. Thofe birds are faid never to go Tjr from land t and We were induced from this circum- Hiiice 10 hope that land was near, but we were difap- pointed { the ice iflands had probably brought this bird hither. Ontheaift, we faw whitealbatrofles with black tipped vings. On the 39th, feveral porpoifes paflcd us with ami7.iri); fwiftnefs ; they had a large white fpot on their tides, which came almoft up to their backs. They went at leaft three times as fall as our velTels, and we went at the rateof feven knots and a half an hour. On the J ill, we palled a large ice ifland, which at the nme of our failing by was tumbling to pieces. The cx- plolion equalled thai ofa cannon. On the I II of February, we faw large quantities of fea wtid Hosting by the (hius. Capt. Furneaux ac- quainted Cnpt. Cook, that he had Itcn a number of (livers, which very much refcmbled thofe in the F.nglifn fcas, and bkcwifc a large bed of floating roc'; -weed. Thefc were certain lignsof the vicinity of land j but we could not tell whether it was to the E. or W. We imagined that no land of any ixrcnt i ly to ti.i. W. becaufe the fea ran Co high trom the N. V . N. N. W, and W. we therefore ft.cred to the E. lay to in tiic iiit'.ht, ami refiimcd our couife in the moininfr. Wc f.nv two or three egg birds, and pafTcd feveral pieces of rnck'- weed, but no other figns of l?nd. We fteeicd noiLh- ward, and made fignal for the Adventure to lolloiv, as llie was rather thrown aOern by her movcn-.riit to the c/^ward. Wc could not find land in that direftion, \ we again ftcered fouthward. There was an cx- »cding thick fog on the 4th, on which we loft (ight of the Adventure. We fired feveral lij^nals, but were not anfwercd ; on which account we had too much rcifon to think that a feparation had tak?n place, though we could not well tell what had been ihe caufc of it. Capt. Cook had direded Capt. Furneaux, in cafe of a fepara- tion, to cruize three days in that place he lafl: fiw the Refolutio.'i. Capt. Cook accordingly made fliort boards, and fired half hour guns till the afternoon of the 7th, when the weather cleared up, and the Adventure was not to be feen in the limits of that horizon. We were obliged t J lie to: "1 the I oth, and notwithflandiiig wc kept firing guns, and burning falfe iircs ail night, we ticither faw nor heard any thing of the Adventure, and were obliged to make fail without her, which uaj hue a difmal piofpcd, for wc were now cxpofed to the danger of the fmzen climate without the company of our fellow-voyagers, which before had iclicvcd our fpirits, when we confidered that we were not entirely alone in cafe wc loft our own vcfFcl. The crew uniVLT- fally regretted the lofs of the Adventure ; and they fel- dom looked around the ocean without exprelTing fomc concern that wc were alone on this unexplored expanfc. At thia time we had an opportunity of feeing what wc had never obfervcd before, the aurora auftralis, which made a very grand and luminous anpearance. Nothing material happened to us, but various changes of the weather and climate, till the 25th of March, when land was feen from the maft-head, which greatly exhilcrated the fpirits of lur failors. Wt fteered in lor the land with all the fail we could carry, and had the advantage of good weather and a trefli gale. The captain mif. tooK the bay before us for Dufky Bay, the illands that lay at the mouth of i' 'aving deceived him. We pro- ceeded for Dulky Bay, in New Zealand, but with much caution as wc adva.iced nearer the land. We palFed feveral iflands, &c, and two leagues up the bay an officer was fent out to look for anchorage, which he found, and fignified it by lignal. Hcic we anchored in fifty fathonu water, and very near the fhore. This joy- ful circumrtancc happened on the 26th of March, after we had been 1 17 days at fea, and failed 5660 leagues, without fo much as once feeing land. It inight be (up- pofcd, from the length of time we had been ex fca, that the people would have been generally ».rccled by the fcurvy ; but the contrary happened, o\ ing to the pre- cautions we ufed. We hacl much reafon to be thank- ful to the Divine Providence, that no untoward ac- cident had befallen us, and that our crew were in good health. CHAP. II. A ntnii/n>r of what kippftifii tn Diijky Bay, in New Zeatand — / terviews with the natives— The Rcfolulion fitils It Cbi:\ lull's SMHil--Js Ihnr joiii,'il by the AdveHturt~-TroHfanions in ibis place, wilb obfervalms on Ik- inhahitanls — Cajt, r:trfieiui\'s narrative — The tuvjhifs proceed iu company from New Zealand lolbe ijland of Otabeite — Remarks^n fimf hii.- ijhnds, fuppofed to be the fame that were difcovered f • A/, dc hougainville—Tbe Rcfolulion and Adventure iniveat (Jlaheite—-1r< in a critical Jituation — Ah actninl offevtrai ittcidents while ibeylay in Oaili-piba Bay. Tn E country appeared beautiful and pleaftng. The i Hands wc paflcd, before our entrance into Dulky Bay, were (haded with everf^rcen, and covered with woods I the various (hades ot autumnal yellow, intermixed with the evcrgreeni, exhibited > delightful (ontrafl . The rocky fhcfci were enlivened with locki of aquatic birds, and the whole country refounded with the wild notes of the feathered fongfters. A foon aa we anchored we caught great numbeii of fi(h, which eagerly took the bait laid for them. Our fird meal upon iifh here was looked upon as the moft delighttul wc hid ever nwdc. Cnpt. Cook did not like the place , |i^ ^?flii .||*V'?:5 I't ir-iii ,il. U •■&:! fcii; |.; . :'n). i^' ' 'ill .,*,■.,-,. H; 128 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES C O M P L E T J:. in which wc anchored, and fent lieutenant PickcrfgiU in fcarchofa better, which he loon found. The cap- tain 1 icd it, and called it Pickerlt;ill harbour. This we .ercd on the twc nty-lVvcnth ol March, by a chan- nel which was fcaiccly twice the wiilth of the (liip. Here wc detcrinmcd to ftay fome time, and examine it thoroughly, as no one had ever entered it before, or landed' oh any of the fouthern parts of this coun- try. Our iituation was admirable for wood and water. Our yards were locked m the branches of trees, and near our Hern ran a ddiglulul Itreani of frelh wa- ter. We made preparations on fliorc for making all neceffa'-y obfervations, and perform nccelTary repairs, &c. &c. The live cattle wc had left, which tonlilled of a few lliccp and floats, would r.ot tafte the graCs which grew on the flioic ; nor were they very fond of the leaves ot tender plants which grew here. When we examined thefe poor creatures, wc found tncir teeth loofc, and they hail other fymptoms of an inveterate fcurvy. Wc had not hithcrio fecn any appearance of inhabitants ; but on the twenty-eight fonie of the ol- ficers went on a (liooting party in a fmall boat, ami dif- covering them, r riirncd to acquaint Capt. Cook there- with. Very liiortlv a canoe came liiled with them, within mulket Ihot of the thip. They ttood looking at us fi)r fonu lime, and then returned ; we could not prevail upon ih.ni to come any nearer, not\uthHand- ing we fhewcvl ilu-m every token of peace and friend- fliip. Capt. Cook, with feveral otVicers and gcnile- inen, w ciu in fearch of them the faire i!ay. We found the canoe h.iuhd upon the lliore, where were feveral huts, with iirc-pl.tces and filliini>-nets, but the people bad probablv r> tired into the woods. Wc made but a fliort (lay. and left in the canoe fonir medals, looking- gl.dFes, ivc. not chuling to loarch any further, orcn- lorce an interview which they \ulhcd to avoid ; \»c re- turned accordiiu'Jy to th- fnip. Two parties went om the next day, biit rciurncd without finding any thing worth noticing. On the liill of .\piil wc went to fee if any thing we had left in the canoe remained there. It did not np- •pear that anv body .1 been there, and none ol the things middled with. On the 2nd we again went on flirie to lt;in h lor natural productions. We killed three le.il.s, and tuund many ducks, wood hens, and wild fovU, fivcral of which wc killed. Another party went alhore the fame day, and fwk •■ itli ihcmabl.u k dog we h.\d brought from the C.\\k, who ran into the woods at the lirll mufiiuet they lirtd, and woulil not return. 15oth panics tame back to the lliip in the evening. On thelixth, we made a fliooting party, and lound a capacious .ove, where wc iiioi leveral ducks-, on which account wc called it Duck Cow. We had an in- terview with one man and two women, as wr returned in the cv.:- 'g, who weie natives, and the liill that dil- covered .hcmlclves ; and had n-.it the man hallooed lo u>, wc Ihould have iiafl'td without Ireing them. The man Hood upon the point of a rock, with a club in his hand, and the women were behind him with (peari. As we aj-proathcd, the man diUovcred great ligns of fear, but Hood liimi nor wouhl he move to take up fome things that were thrown to him. His fears weic all dillipated by Caiit. Cook's going up to cmbrai e him ; the cajitain gave him fu( h things as he had about him. The olhcers anil feamcn fi<',lowcd the Captain, and talked fome time with lh-..i; though we culd not underlland them. In this convi rfation, the youngi II of the women borj the greatcH (hare. A droll lellow of a failor Kin.iikcd, that the women did not want tongue in any patt of the world. Wc weie obliged toleave them on the approach of night ; but before we p.fted Mis. Talkative gave us a dance. On the feventh we made them another vilit, and prc- fcntcd them with feveral things ; but they beheld every thing with mdilVertnre, except hatches and I'pike nails. VVc now faw all the man's family, as we fup|)ofed, which confided of two wives, the young woman we mentioned before, a boy about fourteen years old, and three rnwll children. Excepting one woman (whd conlifli'H n(* two mean huts, lituated near the Ikitts of a w„ i Their canoe lay in a (mall creek, near ihc huts vl was ju(V large enough to tranfpoi t the w hole faniilvV," ' place to place. A gentleman of our party piad (ketches ol them, which occa(ioned their callinn h Toe-Tocj which, it feems, is a word which fN-nifil" marking or paii.ii^ig. On taking leave, the man ore (cntcd Capt. Cook with fome trilles, and a piece f cloth of theirown manufadurc j and pointed to a bn. cloak, which he wilhed to have. The hint wastskw and one was ordered to be made for him of red baiz!' On the 9th we paid the natives another v-(it, and (Inn ' lied our approach by hallooing to thcHij but they n.! iher met us on (horc, nor anfwcrcd us as uflial . ,1,* reafon of which \^a.s-, that their time was fully oc'cu'iiicH in drening thcmfeUes to receive us. They had th hair coinbed and oiled, fluck with white feathers an'j tied upon the crowns of their heads, and had butichci of feathers (luck in their ears. V\ c were received bv them with great courtcfy in their drcfs. The man wa. ("0 well plealed with the prefent of the cloak, that he took his patta-paioc from his (ide, and gave it loCaui Cook. We continued here a little time, and tiwk leave Ipending the reft of the day in furveying the bay. ' On Monday the twelfth this family paid us avifitj„ their canoe, but protceded with caution as they in. proachcd the fliip. We could not by any means wr." (iiade them to come on Ixjard, but put allioic in alntij I reek near us, and lat thtmfelves down near eiioui;h to (peak to us. Capt. Cook ordeied the bagpipes loplj^ and the drum to beat ; the latter only they rcrir.lij' I'hev con\crfed very lamiliarly (though not well unku Ibuid'i »iili(iKh olliccis and leauien at went to tliem" and paid a much greater regard to fome than toothers' we luppolcd that they took fuch for women. One of the lemales tlicwed a remarkable fondnefs liironc nun in paiiiciilar, until Ihc found out his lex ; after Hhah Hie would not let him approach her. Wecinnottdl whether (he had Iwforc taken hnn f»)r a female, or«ht. 'her, in dilcovering himlelf, he had taken fome hlitr! ties w iih her. In the evening the natives of DufKv Hay took up their quarters very near our waterinj^'.iilin- winch was a clear proof that they placed a grc.it dtjlot' conCdeiue in us. We palled two or three days intKj. mining the bay and making necclFary ex|Hriincntjand obfervations. We likcw ife ihot great quantilici ofviiU fowl. On Monday the nineteenth, the man and his d.iii);h. ler Ik loie- mentioned ventured on board our Ihin, whilj I lie tell of the family were lilhing in the canoe, lie. I Mc the man would tome into the (hip, he llriick the lide of it with a green branch, and nuitiere,! Um^ words, whiih we took for a prayer j after wlichht threw away the branch and came on Iwaid. Wc mere at breaklall, but could not prevail on them tn panakt with us. Thev viewed every part of the cabin uith apparent curioliiy and furprife j but wc could not fix ihc man's attention to any one thing (or a nionitnt. All uc (hewed him (eemed beyond hucoinprehenlion,andihf works of nature and art wero alike regaulcil. Ihc flrength and number of our decks and "other parts o( the (iiip fecmed to (Irike bimv th (urprile. The man was (lill Ix'tter plealed witi< lutiheis and fpikc-mi!( than any thing our (hip prtnluci d j when he had one? got nofrellion of thefe, he would not quit tlietn. Dot.'* Cook and three other gentlemen left the Ihip ai fixm as they coulii difengagc themlclvcs from the viliiors, whom they left in the gun-room, and went out in two Iwats to examine the head of the bay ; at whicli pl.icc they took up .ncir night's lodging; the next day &x^ continued tncir obfervations, anu fired at foi:v ilurki. Upon the rejiort of thcgun, the natives, who had iw! difi ovcredtheiiifelveibeiorc, fetupamoft hideous roirin diHerent places. The gentlemen nalloocd in their turn, and retreated to their boats. The native.'! did not ful low them, neither indeed could they, li aulc a bimch • of COOK'S SECON D VOYAGE— for making Dijcoveries in the South Seas ic Round ihe florid. 1 2 9 of the river feparated them, but ftill made a great noiiC' As they continued (hooting and making their ohfcrvations, they frequently heard the natives in the BOtKis. A man and woman appeared at laft on the banksol tlic river, waving fomething in their hands as a token ot fricndftiip. Ihe gentlemen could not get n(\r thcmi and the natives retreated into the woods. T*o others appeared ; but as the gentlemen advanced, ihcv ritrC'ittd likcwife, and the woods afforded them thick cover. Tiie captain and his party pafTed the Mxt nii'.ht '" ^^'^ '*'"'^ place, and after breakfart em- Mfkfil t^' return on board ; but faw two men on the ' pnlitc Ihorc, who hallooed to them, and they were imlii-'J '" """^ "'^^ ^° them. C.ipt. Cook with two oihrr gentlemen landed unarmed, and advanced all to- oethtr, but the natives retreated, nor would they ftand |h!l till C.ipt. Cook went up alone. It was w ith fome (|:Tuulty that he prevailed on one of them to lay down (isfptar; at lall he did it, and met the captain with a ppfs plant in his hand, giving Capt. Cook one end i,,h(iM whi''^ '•"' himfclf held the other. In this po- liiion they Hood while the native made a fpcech, which the captain did not unJerlhnd, but returned fome fort o!inf»cr; '"icy then faluted each other, and the na- tive took hi'' coat from his back, and put it on the i ap- tjiiv The Captain prcfcnted each of them with a hiichct ind a knife, havinjr nothing clfo with him. •j-fifv invited th. ^cntlcmcn to their habitation, and vantiii them to car, but the tide prevented their ac- (tptiiijr of this invitation. More people appeared in the iVir" "f 't^'" wrtods, but did not approach any nearer. I ''c two natives accompanied the gentlemen toth'ir boi'j, but fcemed very much agitated at the -■'Xiiran ' <»' t^'" "lufqucfs, which thev looknl upon r, I'nii ' of death, on arcount of the (laughter ih , cd among the fowls. It was necefTary to «ai. :'' f hem, for they laid their hands on every thing except the mufijuets. They afliftcd the feamen inkiunching the boat. It did not appear that thev had anylHUts or ranocs with them, but ufed two or three logsolttiKK) tied together, which anfwcred the fame purpoles i for fhc navigation of the river, on the Iwnkj of which they lived, was not ycry diflitult, anil fmarm- td with lilh and fowl. We apprehend that all the m- lives of ihi.s hay did not exceed more than three fami- liei. Thi^ party took leave of the man about noon ; and in the evening returned to the (liip, when they found that thcvilitors had ftaid on board till noon ; th.ii (wand his family remained near them till that day, and wnt into the woods, after which they were never feen ; thii apfxars rather extraordinary, as they never went away without fome prticnt. Several parties were midc in order to catch f^'iil ., .ihich were very ufefiil for foixi, for nil, and th' i- Uim were cured for rigging. The fielli of them if. ••■? .; .,t>JtI as bcef-Hcak!i, and their entrails are ei|"u' ;' t tc ■>* a hog. Wclikewifc took the fummit o." li ■ u-.n: jins in this bay, and made other remarks. OnS.iturday the twenty-foiir'K Capl. Cook took five pffe and a gander, which were all that remained of (hole brought from the Cape of C7ood Hope, and car- tiplihein to a cove, which on thit account he called Hm/fr.fove ; this wa< a convenient place, for they were noili'^ih to b'- diihirbed by the inhabitants, there was pLnn 1)1 food for them, and they were likely hereto breed and fprr id the country with their fpecics. Wc hid no \ fcvnal days fair weather, which gave us a fine oppitunity ol n; ' .^g nccclTary preparations for dc- priurc. On Tuefday ; .• i«' Mfy.fevcnth we found an arm of the (ea mire com :rM -n th •« that by which we entered the hav ; w c (hot (iverai ducks, and were much picafcd «iih the (l.n's e)(})edition. All wc now waited for was »ind to carry us out of harbour by the new paflage wc hid d.li-ovcrcil. The tents and all other articles were }nt (in board. The rubbifli wc had made on (hore, iihuh conlilh'.l chiefly of pieces of wood, &c. we fet on liic, in oi.ler to dry the ground, which hciM done, Opt. Cook (i.wed the fpot with various fort* ofgtrdcn li'fdi, 1 hi^ was the beft place we could find to place No. I ^ , them in. Wc ma"**; feveral efforts to fail, but the wind proving contrary we made but little way, and were obliged to anchor on the firft of May on the north fide of Long Ifland. I 'ere we found two huts with fire places, which appearci! to be lately inhabited. Capt. Cook was detained on board by a cold, and fcnt a party to explore an arm of the fea which turns in to the eafl. This party found a good anchoring place, w ith plenty of wild fowl, fifh, and frefh water. Wc made (evcral fhooting parties when the wind would not permit us to fail. Before we leave Dufky Bay, wc think it nccef- f.iry to give our readers fome defcription of it. \ There are two entrances to this Bay, which arc by no means dangerous ; and there are numerous anchor- ing places, which arc at once falc and coitimodious ; - at Cafcade Cove, fo called on account of the magnifi- cent cafcade near it, is room for a Heet of (hips, and a very good paffagc in and out. The country is very mountainous, and the profped is rude and craggy. The land b.irdering on the I'ca-coaft, and all its lands, are covered with wood. There are tites of various kinds which are common in other countries, the tini- iier of which is remarkably fine. Here are likcwife a • great number of aromatic plants, and the woods are lb over-run with fuple jacks, that it is difficult to make way through them. Tlie foil is undoubtedly compofcd of decayed vegetables, which make adeep black mould ; it is very loofe, and finks at every Hep. This may be the rcafon why there are fo many large trees blown down as we meet with in the woods. Kxccpt flax and hemp, there is very little herbage. The Hay abounds with filh, which we caught in great numbers. Seals are the only amphibious animals to be foimd here, but there arc great numbers of them. Various kinds of ducks arc to be found, as well as all other wild fowl. Mere is likewifeabird which wc called the wattle bird, becaufc it has two wattles under its beak like thofcof a duimhill co< k. Its bill is (hort and thick, its feathers arec'ark, and is about the fi/.e of an Englifli black- bird. This wc called the poy-biid, on .iccount of two !;;ile tufis of curled hair which hang under its throat, called it* poics, which is the Otahcitan word for ear- rings. Thi feathers of this bird are of a fine ma/a- rine blue, except thofc of his neck, which arc of a lilvcr grey. The fweetncfs of its note is equal to the IxMUty of its plumage ; its flefh is likewife luxurious food, though it is a gnat pity to kill them. riie fm.dl black fand flies arc here very numerous and troublefomc i they caufe a fwellingand intolerable Itching wherever they bite. Another evil attending this bay is the almoin continual rums that f;«ll, but hap- pily our people felt no ill effeCh from them. The pl.»cemult certainly be healthful, as thofe of our crew, who were in any degree indif^wfcd when wc came in, recovered fpeedily. The inhabitants of Dufky Hay arc the fame with thofe in other parts of New Zealand ; they fjicak the lame langu.ige, and adopt the fame cuiloms. It is not eafy to divine what could induce thefc few families to feparate themfdves from the fociety of the rert of their iellow-creatures. It feems probable that there are people fcattered all over this Ibuthcrn ifland, by our meeting with inhabitants in this place. They appear to lead a wandering life, and don't fcem to be in per- fect amity with each other. On Tuefday the nth of May, wc again made fail, but met with more obftrudlions. Wc oblervcd on a fud- den a whitifli fpot on the fea, out of which a column arofc which looked like a glafs tube. It appe ircd that another of the fame fort came down from the cloud* to meet this, and they made a coalition and formed what is called a watcr-fpout i feveral others were form- ed in the fame manner foon after. As wc were not very well acquainted with the nature and caufcs of thcfe fpouts, we were very curious in examining them. Their iMfc was a broad f^Mt, which looked bright and yd- lowifh when the fun (hone upon it j this appeared when the Tea was violently agitated, and vapours rofc In « fpiral form. The columns were like a cylinder, and moved forward m the furface of the fea, and frequently a K appeared ivi^^Xi i] ; *■■■ ;sf ';':' . 'i#l'! ^ .■.■.,i\::|i lip; '^:4 ;! ■!,<>■■.» I ' i' h-k.^ ■< ' til ^ii-'f i III '•' ill 11 ti . li^ m I > ;ii U !ffl \ !•. 130 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. t y wm \\ appeared crolTing each other, they at laft broke one after artother, this was owing to the clouds not follow- ing thcin with equal rapidity. The fea appeared more and more covered with (hort broken waves as the clouds came nearer to us ; the wind veered about, and did not fix in any one point. Within 200 fathoms of us, we faw a fpot in the fea in violent agitation ; the waiv-r afcendfd in a fpiral form towards the clouds ; the clouds looked black and loUring, and fomc hail ttones fell on board, A cloud gradually tapered into a lonj; flcnder tuLc diredly over the agitated fpot, and feenied defcending to meet the rifing fpiral, and foon united with it. The laft watcr-fpout broke like other.-,, no explofion was heard, but a flafh of lightning attend- ed this disjundlion. The oldeft mariners on board had never been fo near water-fpouts before, they were there- fore very much alarmed. Had we been drawn into the vortex, it was generally believed that our mafts and yards niulV have gone to wreck. From the firft ap- pearance, to the laft dilTolution, was three quarters of an hour. On May the 1 Sth, at five o'clock in the morning, wc opened Queen Charlotte's Sound, and faw three fl.illics ariling from a ftrong hold of the natives. We imagiii- i cd them to be fignals of the Europeans, and probably | of our old friends in the Adventure ; when we fired fome guns, we were anfwercil, and in a fliort time faw the Adventure at anchor. We were f.duted by Capt. Furneaux with 13 guns, which we very chcarfiilly r»- turncd ; none can defcribe the joy wc lelt at this nioft happy meeting. As it muft be pKafing to our Subfcriiiers and Reu ■ whofe generous encouragement wc have expcrienc, and it being our intention, in return, to render thii work as complete, in every refped as poiriSIc, we fliall here prefent them with a complete Narrative ot Cipt. Furneaux's proceedings, and of the various incidents that happened, during the feparation of the two (liips, to their joining again in Queen Char- lotte's Sound ; with an account of Van Dicmcn's Land. .p. _ T"* H E Adventure, on Sunday the 4th n. V- '773- \_ of February, after having loll light of the Refolution, in a very thick fog, had no other means of again meeting with her, but by cruizmg in the place were they parted company, or by repairing to Char- lotte Bay, the firft appointed place of rendezvous, in cafe fuch a niislortune Ihould happen. Soon after their reparation, the [Kople of the ,\dventurc heard a gun, the rcjwrt of which they judged to be on the 'arboard beam ; upon which, they hauled up S. E. and fireil a four pounder every half hour; but receiving no return, nor fight of their companion, they kept the courfc they had lleered before the fog came on. In the evening it began to blow hard. "I'he ftoini was attended with a prodigious (all of rain, every drop of the (i/e of a common jKa ; and the fea broke over the Ihip's bows to the height of the yard arms ; yet, at intervals, the weathir was more clear ; but at thefc favourable op- portunities, they could not fee their wifticd for objc't, the Refolution, which gave them many moments re- plete with iiKxprefllblc uneafinefs. They then flood to the weflward, to cruize in the latitude where they laft faw her, accoiding to agreement, in cafe of feparation ; but the ftorm returned with renewed fury, and the weather being again exceeding hazy, they were com- pelled to bring to, which untoward circuniftancc pre- vented them from reaching the intended place; how- ever, thty cruized as near the fame as they could for three days, when, after having kept beating about the feas, in the moft terrible weather that any fhip could poflibly endure, and giving all hojKs over of joining their loft companion, they borcaway for winter-quarters, 1400 le,igucsdiftant from them ; and, havingtotravcrfe a fea entirely unknown, they took every precaution for their fafety, and reduced the allowance of water to one quart a day for each fcaman. On the 8th, they Itept between the latitude 5a and 53 degreci S, »nd 3 reached to 95 deg. E. longitude. They had hcrTbM gales from the W. attended with fnow. (leer :,„a long hollow fea from the S. W. On the 26th a metro called to the northward, the Aurora Uorcaiis northern lights, appeared with uncommon britrhtnpr.^' the N. N. W. direding its courfc to the S. VV A "I what is more remarkable, after our feparation fromth Rffolution to our making land, we faw but one ofth icc-ifiands, though in the moft part of our Ima run wc were 2 or 3 degrees fouthward of the latitude in which we firft met with them j but we faw nunibcrlcf fea birds, and porpoifcs ciirioufly fptittcd with whit! and black, frequently ilartrd (wiftly by our Ihip On Monday the ift of March, having niadcnoHif. covcry o' land, thou^;h «c had travcrCcd froni IntituH ^6 to 45 degrees S. and from longitude {6 to i J degrees, It was determined to Ixar aM.iy for Van Diemrn's Land, in order to take in wafer, and rtm! our fliattered rigginr. This I irtd, fuppoftd to mm New Holland, was difcovcred by Tafnian A. D. ij , and in the charts is bid d(»wn in l.ititiidc 44 dig S mA longitude 140 deg. E. On the 9th, bnnfr i',i(.'fdav about nine o'clock A. M. we fell in with thi S. \V J^ of this coaft bearing N. N E. 8 or 9 Icapucs dil^nt 140 deg. 10 mm. E. longitude irom Grcen»,ih' and It appeared moderately high and uneven near the fcj but the hills farther back formed a double 1..m,I ,J much higher. Wc law a point which Iwre N. lour kagiicsoff from us, much like the Rain-hc " mouth. 'u "If ply. 1 his we concluded to be the fame that lii man called the South Cape. About four leagues Ea" E. half E. from hence are three iflands, and fcvcrj! )cks, refenibling the Mewflone, (one of which wc fo amcd) and they arc not laid down by Tafnian n hij iraughts. At the South Eaft Cape, in latitude .p it. j6 min. S. and 147 deg. E. longitude, the coumry ,i hilly and full of trees, the (liorc rockv, and landinz difficult, caufed by the wind blowing continuallvlroni the wcftward, which occafions fuch a furl, that the find cannot lie on the fliorc. On Wedncfday the loih .•\. M. the fecond lieutenant was difpatchcd in the artat cutter, the fliip being ab ut, and it now appeared plainly that the intentions of our vilitors were to make thcmlebcs malUrs of the Ihip ; however, finding the crew to be upon their guard, they became more civil, but not before a great gun was difchargcd over their heads, which alone iiniinidatcd them. Iking thus re- duced to order, the people on boaid produced ftvctal articles, fuch as beads, linall dafp knives, fcilfars, cloth, paper, anil other tritles, which they bartered for battle axes, fpears, weapons of various forts, filh- honks, and other curiofiiies, the manufaelure of the country. Heing viltbly difippointed in the execution of their grand dehgn, they took to their canoes, all gabbling together in a language, a word of which m one on board could undeilKind : but previous to their d- ' \Uire, the captain an 1 olliccrs made prefents to th( ;^ among them who appeared to be the;r chiefi, which thcy'acceptcd w ith gjeat apparent fatisf.iction. Three months were now elapfed lincethe Adventure loft light of the Refolution ; but on the I7ih Hie was fecn at Jackfon Point. We immediately fent out boats to her alfillnnce, it being calm, to tow her into the Sound. In the evening llie anchored about a mile without u", and next morning weighed and warped within us. The pleafuie the (hips companies felt at meeting can only be com civcd by thofc who have been in like circumfiances, ea( h were as eager to relate as the others were to hear. Having thus related the pro- grefs of the Ailventuie, we now come to record the tranfacUons ot both (hips afier their junftion. It were little more than a repetition of the Adventure's dillreflis to recapitulate the eHet^s of the boifterous weather that were felt by the crew of the Refolution ; being foine- tiincs furrounded with illandsof ice, out of which they could only extricate themlelvcs by the utmoft exertion of their Ikill in feamanlhip, foinetimes involved in flicets of licet aud fnow, and in mifls fo dark, that a nianon the forccaftle could not be fecn from the quar- ter deck ; fometimcs the fea roiling mountains high, while the running tackle, made brittle by the fevcrity of the frort, was frequently fnapping, and fometimcs ren- dered immovcatilc. Amidft the hardfltips of fuch a traverfe, there is nothing more aftonifliing, than that the crew fliould continue in perfect health, fcarccaman being fo ill as to be incapable of duty. Nothing can redound inorc to the honour of Capt. Cook, than h paying particular attention to the prefervation of health among his company. By obfcrving the ftrie^fcft difci pline from the highcrt to the loweft, his commandi' were duly obfervcd, and punduaily executed. When the fervice was hard, he tempered the feverity thereof by frequently relieving thofc employed in the perform ance, and having all hands at command, he was never" under the nccelfity of continuing the labour of any for of men beyond what their Ifrength and their fpimj could bear. Anothcr.necelfary precaution was, that in fine or fettled wcsther, the captain never futrcred an» of his men to be idle, but conllantly employed thear moiirers, the car])enters, the prol'ell'ed navigators, fore maftmcn, &c. in doing fonuthing each in his ouii way, which, though not immediately wanted, he knew there might be a call for before the vov^c was com pletcd. 1 laving by this means left no Ypare time foi gaming, quarrelling, or rioting, he kept them in ac tion, and punifhcd drunkennefs with the utnioll live rity : and thus by perfevering in a iUady line of con' diK'}, he was enabled to keep the (la till reduced to a veiv (canty portion of water; and when he delnajred of finding any new land, and had fully fatlsficd himtlf of the non exillence ol any continent in the quarter he had travcrfed, he dire,'te.l his louife to Charlottc'i Si.und, the filace appointed (or both (liips to remlez vous in calcof lepaiation, and appeared off the fame" (as has been already related) on 'luefday, the i Sih of M-iy. '77:{. am* here we difcovered our confort the .\d\ enture, by the lignals (lie made to us, an event every one m both (hips felt with jncxprelhlile fatislaolion. Ihe next morning after our ar;ival, being Wcilncf day, the 19th, C.ipt. Cook went olf in the boat aj day-break, to gather fcurvy grafs, celery, and other \ egetables. At breakfaft time he returned with a boat load, enmigh for the ctews of both (hips ; and know- ing their f.dutary effu acy in removing f.orhutic com. plaints, he ordered that they (hould be boiUd «ith wheat and portable broth, every morning for hrcaklall and with peafe and broth for dinner, and thusdrcllld they are extremely beneficial. It was now the Cap tain's intention to vifit Van Dicmen's land, in nida to determine whether it made a |>art of New li.'llapi). but as Capt. Furneaux had cleared up this point, it «ii refolvcd to continue our redarchcs to the call Iniutcn the latitudes of 41 deg. and 46 deg. In confuKicncc o( this determination Capt. Cook ordered out humcn to a(Ii(» the crew of the Adventure in preparing; her for lea. He was induced more efpecially to ihu, be- caule he knew refrefhment.s wmc to he procured at the -Society Illes. On the 20th we vifitrd the fortilicati- onsof the natives wheic the obfervatory was fixed. It is only accedible in one place, and tjiere by a nartow, dilficult path, licing (iruated on a fleep rock. The Kut'!0( the natives Hood piomifcuoufly within an in. cloi. - ol pallifadoes, they confided only of a roof, and had no walls. Perhaps thefe are only occalional ;ibodes, when the Indians find themfelves in anydan- ger. C:apr. Furneaux had planted before our arrival, a great quantity of garden feeds, which grew very well, and produced plenty of fallad and European greens. This day Capt. Cook fent on Ihore, to the watering- place, near the Adventure's tent, the only ewe and ram remainingof thofe we bixmght from the Cape of (Jood Hope. On the sift we went over to I^nglllaml, which confifts of one long ridge, the top nearly level, and the (ides fteen. I lere we found various kinds of ftonc, and fowed dilTerent kinds of garden feeds iipin fome fpots which wc cleared for that purpnfc. On Saturday, theaad, we found the ewe and ra,m desd, whofc death we fuppofed to have been occalioned by fome poifonous plants. About noon wc were vifitcdby two fmail canoes in which were five men. They dined with us, and it wai not a little they devoured. In the evening they were difmifTed with prefents. They rc- Tembled the people of Dufky Bay, but were much more familiar, and did not appear concerned at feeing us, which wasprobably owing to their havi;ig before vifiicd the crew of the Adventure. Some of our ctew midc ule COOIv's bECOND VOYAGE— lor making Dlfcovcries in the South Seas&c Round the fVor/J. 1 33 uffol their canoc« to fet thfUirtlvcs nfliorc, on which [l,jy iimi|il;iincd to the Captain j aiid, upon their ca- nocs bfiiig irtlorcd, they fccnicd highly dolif;hicd. On Monday the 24th, tarly in the inorninj::, Mr. Gilbert, the mailer, was dil'patched to (inund about the rojk wt iiad difcovcred in the entrance ot' the found ; ,t the r^iue time Caj):. Cook, arcompanicd by Ca]it furiH'tux and Mr. Forftcr, fet oiKma boat to the weft |,,iv iiii -I Oioorinp party. They met a larpc canoe, jjiwhii'h were 14 or 15 people; and the firll quell ion liitv allcid was conccrninf^ the welfare of Tupia. lie- ji,,! tol.l he was dead, they exprefled foinc concern. ■fi^c i.iii',1- ciuiuiry, as has been obfcrvcd, was made of f,r,!. I'lirn'-aux when he tirft arrived, and on our rii'i 'ij^ab.iaid in the cvcnine, we were inforincii, that Lw- imlians in a canoe, who were IVrangcrs to our .,,,,:,, hid alio eiH)uirtd for Tujiia. Mr. Gii!>rrt hiviiiL' ki.mded all round the rock, which he found to l-c vciv ''"-'" ''"*^ lleep, returned lite in the evening. •j>js li'V the Relolution received another vifit from a fin;:!v who laii-.e with no other intent than partaking oidir fotxl, and to get foinc of our iron work. We »antCil 10 know their names, but it was a long time (^fuK we could niakcrhcm underftnnd us. At laft we foumi that tlic oldfft was called Towahanga, and the Oihcrs k(.'tuglia-a, Koghoaa, Khoaa, Kollakh, and Tau- niu:)eui.i. 1 he lad was a boy about twelve years of 1^0, very livelv and intelligent. Ucdincvl with us, cat vorJaimlly, and was very fond of the cnitV of a pic nwdcot wild fowl. He did not much rrlilli Wdiieiir. winc whiili the captain gave hiiii, but was very dnd of feme l«eet Cape wine, which elevated his fpiiitsand hi! toii^',ue w«s perpetually going. He very much »jn;fil the captain's boat cloak, and fccmcd nuich hurl at a teiufd. An empty bottle and a tablc-cloih Uinfialfo dfnied liim, he |',rew exceeding angry, and (iiiii(.;fh was fo fullcn, that he would not (peak a word. Ot -iitiirday the 19th inftant, a great nmnber of natives (iiffi>',:!.li.il us with* canoes, who brought goods to ex- chin^c, for which they got good returns, owing to the P(;trn.H with which our fnilors outbid each other, all Of il^iiii licinj; dt'lirous of having fonir of the [noAuc- iions 1.! r.iis coitnny. .Among thefe Indians wc faw niinv women whole lips wi-rc of a blackifh hue, and ihtKchieKS wrre piininl with a lively red. T hey had 'Ikjc kiues, an I llcnder bandy l''g«, owing fo want of Mtrcile, and lit'ing in their canoes ciofs legged. "[yw i.ulu s weic vf ry agreeable to oiir crews, who had nil p,.riimiiy of indulging an intercourle with other (ronu-n linee our departure from Kngland ; and they f.01 loun i out, fli.u thartity was not a diftinguifliing pf of their charaiitcr. Their confent was caiily pur- ciii.t'il: .1 (pike nail, or an old Ihirt, was a lulVitient britH' ; the lady wag then left to make her man happy, ifiil 10 exiit liom him another prefcnt for hcrfelf. Wc miilt i.lilei ve to the crciiit of fomc of thcfc women, and lothc itilcrrdit of their men, that fcvcral of the former fui)miitC(.l to this proditution with much fceming rc- lucianLC ; ami they were fomcrimcs terrified into a com- pliance i)y the authority and even menaces of the mtn. The New /ealandcrs encouraged by the gain of thisdi'gracclul commerce, went through both the ftiips, ottwig their daughters and fifters to the promifcuous tmbrates of every one for iron, tools, &c. but the tivir- tiftl i^onien were not obliged to carry on this infamous kiiiri of iraflic. Indeed it fecms to bean elhblilhed ruliiiiii in New Zealand for a girl to bcftow her favour on a luiniher of men, without the IciafV infringement t>ft hcnhaimtcr; but after marriage, the rtriftcft conjugal tlility is cxpedcd from her. Sketches of the moft chsraitiiiltic of their faces were taken by our draughtf. itifi). Several of the old men in particular, had very n|ri.lllvc countenances ; and fome of the young ones lookfii very lavage, owing to their bufliy hair hanging our tlicir fates. Thftir flrefs is like what it ejtadtly delVribed in our copper-plates for thit work. In the tvcning they all went on Ihorc, and erctilcd temporary huii oppuiitc to the iliips. Here they made fires, and prepared their iupperi, which conhfted of frcfli (iih, «hid\ they caught with great dexterity. One of thcfc No. ij. Indians Capt. Cook tookoverto Mortuara, and (hewed him Ibme potatoes, in a thriving condition, which were planted by Mr. Fannen, mafter of the .Adventure. The man was fo well pleaded with them, that of hia own accord, he began to hoe up the earth round the plants. He was then condudtcd to other plantations of turnips, carrots, and parfnips, of which it was eafy to give them an idea, by comparing them with fuch r(X)ts as they were well acquainted with. We mull further remark of thefe people, that not any of our me- thods of hdiing arc equal to theirs. On the ^otn inftant, we went over to Longlfland, tocolleif fume hay which the crews had made, and to bring funic vegetables on board. In this trip we found feveral new pl.iius, and (hot fomc fmall birds, which we had not fern before. In the alrcrnoon, leave was givon to liimc of our failors to go on (Lore, where they again purchafcd the embraces of the women. Thefe fellows mull have been very keen indeed, or they would have been difguftcd with thu uncleanlinefs of their ilo\ics, all of whom had a dil'agreeable fmelli which might be fi4 Capt. C O O K's V O y A G E S COMPLETE. went over to the faft-fide of the found, to cut down fomc Ipars, which were much wanted. On their re- turn, one of the boats was chafed by a large double canoe, cdMtaininfi; about fifty men. Prudence dictated to clVc(5l an cfcape by failing, for though the Indians might have no hoftilc intentions, yet this was a necef- faiy caution. Piuiay the 4th of June, being his Majcfty's birth- A.\y, we hoillcd our colours, and prepared to celebrate the day wich the ufual fcllivitics. Early in the morn- ing; our friends brought us a large fupply of lilli. One (it them pioniifed to accompany us in our voyage, but akcriv.iiils altered his mind, as did alfo fome others who liad made a like promifc to the people of the Ad- vent'.iic. It was very common for thefe pet, aiiij Ueined foiry when we told him we muft fail the next day (iff. ring the captain that if he would llay he llioiild li.ive liw-^s in plenty. Capt. Cook made limi many prel'eiits, and (laid with him the whole iiiDrning. 'I his party returned on boaid of fliip to iliiuur, and male this chief ariotiier vilit in the after- noon, muk liini III re prefents, and he gave us two hogs. At the d.lieient trading places ibmc others wee got, fo that a medls frcfli perk ferved for the crews ol lioih Ihips. Early in the morning of the 24th, we put to fca, and were aicompanied b) leveral canoi's, who brought cargoes ot (nut tor fail ; iic ther did they return till thiy h.id ilifiXiCed (if them. The lick pcoplcon board the Adventure g-t much relief fron> thefe fruits. We kit a lieutenant on Ihore, in order to bring fome hogs, whith they pioiincd to fend by him. He returned on the 25th, and biought eight pigs with him. Wc arrivedat Miiavai Bay m tiie evening of the 15th, and our ilccks were croud»d with natives bctoie wc could get to anelior, alinoll all of ihciii were acquainted with Capt. Cook. OnK) their king and a great crowd were got together on the lliore. Capt. Cook was going on Ihoro to pay him a vilit, but was told that he was gone to Opaiee in a Iri^ht ; which leemcd very extraordinary to the eapiain, as all others were much pleafcd to fee hini. Maritata, a chief, was on board, and advifed the captain to defer iiis vifit till next morning. The cap- tain let out on the 26th for Oparee, after having given directions to fetch tents tor the reception of the lick, &:c. Capt. Furncaux, Maritata and his wife, and fome others, went w ith the captain. They were conduded to Otoo as foon as they were landed, who fat on the ground under a lliady tree, with a great number of people around him. Capt. Cook made him fevcral prefents, alter the ufuai compliments had paffcd, being very well pcrfuadcd that it was much to his interctl to eilablilb a fnendlliip with this man. His attendants alfo had prefents niaile to them, they offered cloth in return, which was refufed, being told that what was given was merely out of fricndlViip. Otoo enquired for ail the gentlemen who had been there before, as well as for Tupia, and promik-d to fend fome hogs on board, but was very b.ickwarii in faying he would come on board himleif, being, as he faid, much afraid of the great guns. He was certainly the moll timid prince, as all his adions deinonllrated. He was a perfonablc well maJe man, fix feet high, and about thirty years of age. His father and all his fubjeds were uncovered before him, that is, their heads and Ihoulders were made bare. On the 27th, the king Otoo came to pay us a vifir, attended by a numerous train; he fent before him two large ftlk, a bog, fome fruits, and a large quantity of cloth. After much perfualion he came on board him- felf, accompanied by his lilkrs, a younger brother, &c. with many attendants, who all received prefents ; and when they had brcakfaftcd, carried them home to Opar'-e. Upon landing, an old lady, the mother of Toutaha, met Capt. Cook, fei/cd him by both hands, and, weeping bitterly, told liim that her fon and his frienil Toutaha were dead. Had not the king taken her from Capt Cook, he muft have joined her lamcn- rations. It was with a good deal of difficulty that the captain prevailed on the king to let him fee her again, when he made her fome prefents. Capt. Furncaux gave the king a mal: nd female goat, which we hope will multiply, A he cnant was fent to Attahourou on the 28th, to purchufe hogs. The king, with his fifter and fome attendants, paid us another vifit foon after (un-rifc, and brought with them a hog, fome fruit, and fome more cloth, They likewifc went on board the Adventure, /■t. I li- . ■!■■!! \''m fft I'M. '"/ ' , Ay i^wrl'^ 136 C *in. C O Ks VOYAGES C O M P L E T E. ft! 'Sj i Advcnturtv a ', m.\tlc Cnpt. l''iirncaiix the fame prc- fents. Soon ;\ritr ilicy rcturncil, aiul brought Capt. Furncaux with them. Capt. Cook niaik- them a poo.l return for the prefeiui thry brought, anil drelTlJ out the king's lillcr to the grcati ll advantage. The kinr; was cariitd again to Oparee, when his C^ta- heitan m.ijtrty thought proper to depart, and was en- tertained .li lie went with lvij;pipes and th'- feamcn dancing. Smuc of his people d.inccd a!fo in imita- tion of the ft-imcn, and pertbrnied their parts tole- rably well. Toutaha's mother again prclentrd hcrfclf to Cii)t. Cook ; but could not !• .ik upon him without Jheddiiig many teats. The next day the kingpromilcd to vilit us again, bjt r\id we iri'ill full wait upon him. The lieutenant whom we fcnt for hogs returned only with a proinifcof having fome, if he would go back in a feu days. On the twenty-ninth the commanders took a trip to Oparee, eariy in the morning, attended by fome of- ficers and t^;entlemcn, and maile the king fuch prefents as he had not before (een. One of them was a broad fword J at the light ol which he was very much inti- nudated, and delired it might be taken out of his fight. With a vafi deal o! ari;utiu lit he was prevailed upon to fuH'er it to be put on his fide, where it remained a very fliort time. \Ve received an invitation to the theatre, where ue were entertained with a dramatic piece, con- fi'diiig ol comedy and dance. T!ic fubjec't we could not well find out ; thoij.;Ii we heard fievjuent mention of Capt. Cook's name liuring the pcrtorm.wn c. The pcrfeiniers were one womm, which was no lei's a pcr- fonagc than tlie king's filler, and five men, and their mufic conliflej of only three drums. The whole en- tertainment was well conducted, and laftcd abont two hours. When this diverlion was over, the king dc- fired us to depart, and loaded us with fruit and fifli. The king fent more fuiit and fiili the next morning. In the evening of the tlurtieth we were alarmed with the cry of ituirder from the fliore. A boat was immediately armed, and frnt on tliore, to bring ofl' any of our people who iiiiii,ht be lound there without orders, and to dilcoverthc occation ol the dillurbance. The boat foon returmd, with a leanian and three ma- rines ; others were taken, who bel.Mijied to the .'\dven- ture, and even put undtr rlofe eonfinenHnt till the morning, when they were leverely puniflied accord- ing to their demerit*. 'I'he people would not ccnfcfs any thing, and it did not appear that »ny material injury had been done. The dilUiil\ini e might be oicalioned by the fellows making too free with the women : not- withllanding this, the alarm was fo great, that the na- tives fled fiom their habitations in the night j and the inhabitants of the whole coall were terrified. The king hinifelf had fled a great way from the place of his abode i and when Capt. C(jok faw him, he coipplained to him of the dilUirbance. Capt. Cook prefented the king with three Cape (liiep, as it was his iall vilit. With this prefciit he was very well pleafcd, though he had not much rcalon to be fo, as they were all wea- thers ; this he was made actpiainted w ith. The kind's fears were now dilTlpated, and he prefented us with three hogs, one of which was very final!, which we took notice of. Soon after a perfon came to the king, and fccmcd to fpcak very peremptorily about the hogs, and we thought he was angry w ith him for giving us fo many, and more fo when he took the little pig away with him ; but we were much miftaken, for loon after we were gone, another hog was brought to us, larger than the other two. 1 he king feenied much atret'ted when Capt. Cook told him he (hould leave the illand the next day. They embraced each other fcvcral times, and departed. On the firll of September we determined to depart, as the fick were nearly recovered, the necelTary repairs of the Ihip were completed, and plenty of water pro- vided. Moftofthcday was employed in unmooring the (hips J and in the afternoon thclieutcnant returned, who had been fcnt for the hogs promifed. With him came Ptitatou (the chief of the dillridl of Attahou- nou), with his wife, to pay Capt. Cook a vifjt, and mad li lade him a prefcnt of two hogs and fome fift -j-, eutenant got likewifc two more hogs. Ai the i was weftcrly, we were obliged to difmifs our fr,*' "1 fooncr than they wilhed; but they were very well f ficd with the reception ihcy met with. A younjT /'"" named K'oreo, came on board fome hours before «""' under fail, and delircd to go with us, to whuh^"' confcnted ; and at the fame time he alked for an axc "a a fpike nail for his father, who came w ith him on l-,,^ "1 They were accordingly given him, and they ,2' ,' I with great mdilKience, which fecincd to indicate th they had deceived U';, and no fuch confanguinitv fk! lillcd. Prefenily a canoe, conduiflcd by t„,; ''^ came along-fide, and demanded Porco in the nan ""} Otoo. We informed them that we would pai t w ith i il they would return the hatchet and fpike nail biu ih'" laid they were afliorc ; fo the young gcnrletmn fulri along with us, though he wept when he faw the ImJ our Hern. On the lecond we lUercd our courle /' the illand of Fliiahcine, and the Relohitipn jn, [,> ^ in twenty-four fathoms water on the third inftant ' b', the Adventure got allioreon the north (Ideof thi ch ' nel, but file was happilv got off again without rrceiv" ing any damage. I'hc nativtj received us with the i,. molt cordiality, fever.il of whom came on lioarrl t^' liire our comtnandeis went on fliore. Sonic nrcrn," were dilhibutid among them, which w-cre gntcrun' returned by a plentiful fupply of hog'^, fruit, istc M / we had a fine prolprO^ of being plentifully IuuJm with frelli pork and lowl-, which was to u-; very nU, ling. Two tradin.'T pnitics were fent alhore,n,f;' fourth inltant, whu h w( re very well condiK'Icd. Cj Cook was informed that Oiee was Itill r' ., and \\i\ri to fee him. The cinnmandcr:!, with Mr. I-oil>cr wm to the place appointed for the interview, .iccnmmnicd by one of the natives. The boat was landed hclprithc chief's houfe, and we were delircd to remain m it till the nccefTiry ceremony was gone through. Thercftood clofc to the fliore five )oung plantain frcrj, which are their emblems of peace : thefc were, with Ionic cere- mony, brought on board feparatily. The firft three were each accompanied by a yoi:ng pig, whofc cati w ere ornamented w ith cocoa-nut fihri s ; the founh plantain tree was accompanied by a d.>g. All theft had p.irticular names and meanings, which wo could not underltand. The chief had carefully prtfrrvcd a piece of pewter, with an inlcription on it, which Capt Cook had prefented him with in 1769, together with j piece of counterfeit Fnglilli coin, which,' with 3 few lieads, were all in the lame bag the captain irwdc for them ; theic the chief lent on board. '1 his part of the ceremony being over, we were delired by our guide to decorate three young plantain trees with nails, hxjkini;- glaffcs, beads, medals, i\c. With theie in our hand^ we landed, and were C()ndu,fled thiou;;h the n.iiltitudc We were direeled to lit down a few paces Ik fore the chief, and the plantains were laid one ' ly one before him Wc were told that one was for Go I, another for the king, and the third for fricndfliip. "Iiis being licne the king came to Capt. Cook, fell on his nctk, and kiffed hiin. A great cH'ulion of tears fell down thVvc neiable checks of tins old man j and if ever tears fiwlc the language of the heart, fuiely ihcle did. Preftnts were made to all bis attendants and friends. Cant. Cook regardc, aod learnt "?wi"»Wl«yjppii 1 1 Miffij«w>5wnini!^«»|ii 1 1 J ij I I) pi» iiR^wilif ;wp!^jf vw^f n^i^iif III t OOK's SECOND VOVAOE— for making Di/toveries in the ioutA Seas & Round the tyorld. 1 37 ujrnc iliat "ne »f ''•« inhsbitants had been very infolcnt nd troiit^lefoTi''- This man was (hewn to the raptain, ' jppeci in his war habit, and he had a club in each LjJ The captain took thefe from him, as he per- Ivcd him bent on mifchit-f, broke them before his (,ct and obliged him to retire. The captain being iiitoriiifd that this man was a chief, became a little fulpicious of him, and Tent for a guard. About this linic a gentleman had gone out Iwtani/ing alone ; tw« men alTuiltcd him, and ftrip}»ed him of every thing but |,„tro«ffrs; luckily they did him no harm, though ,l,fy rtiiick him fcvcral times with his own hanger. Thcv made otf when they had done this, and another „| the natives brought a piece of cloth to cover him. ■J liijgeiulcnwn prelently apj)earcd at the trading place, ^icrca nt nticr of the natives were aflemblcd, who all \\-A at feeing him. Capt. Cook perfuaded fomc of tlicm to return, alTuring them that none (hould fuffcr vho were innocent. When the king heard this com- plaint, hf a'*'^* his companions wept bitterly ; and as foon as his grief was affwaged, he made a long harangue to the (KOple, telling them the bafcnefs of fuch aflions, uhcn the ctptam and his crew had always behaved fo veil to them. He then took a particular account of the things the gentleman had loft, and promifed they ll.oul 1 be returned, if it was in his power to find them. ;\t[cr this he dclircd Capt. Cook to follow bim to the bait, but the i>eople being apprehenfive ol' his fafety, ul'cd' e^fy argument ro diHuade him from ir. It is impollible I" dcfcribc the grief they exprc(red in the intrMtics they ufed t every face was bedewed with tears, and every mouth was fillet! with the moft dif fualive arguments. Oree was deaf to them all, and infilled on going with the captain ; when they both vtrc n the boat, he delired it might be put off. The only perfon who did not opjwfc his going, was his filter, and (he (hewed a mignanimity of fpirit equal to her brother. We proceeded in fcarch of the rob- bers, as far as it was convenient by water, and then lamlei). The chief led the way, travelled fevcral miles, iiiJ enquired after them of all he faw. We then went into a cottage, and had fome refre(hmcnt. The king wanted to proceed farther, and was with great ditlicultv dilfuaded from it by Capt. Cook. When wc rfturncd to the boat, we were inet by the king's fifter, who had tra ellcd over land to that place, accom- paniel by feveral other perfons. The king infilled on yorng into the boat with us, as well as his (ifter. We returned to the ftiip, and the king made a very hearty dinner; though his fitter, according to cuftom, ate nnthinp. We made them fuitable prelVnts for the loiifideiKe they had placed in us, and let them alborc ainidft the acclamations of multitudes. Peace was nowptrfedily re-eftabli(hed, prnvifions pourej in from ill quarters, the gentleman's hanger and coat were returne*' , and thus ended thefc troublefome tranfac- tionj. Wc went to take our leave of Oree while the (hips were unmooring, and prefented him with things both valuable and ufcful. We left him a copper-plate, with this infcription. " Anchored here, his Britannic Majcfty's (hips Rcfolution and Adventure, September 1773." After we had traded for fuch things as we wanted, we took our leave, which was a very affec- tionate one. On returning to the (hipi, they were cmuded, as on our arrival, with canoes (tiled with hogs, fowls, &c. Soon after we were on board, the king came, and informed us that the robbers were taken, and deftrcd us to go on (hore, that we might behold their exemp'ary puni(hincnt. This we (hould have been glad to have done, as fo much pains had been taken to difcover them i but il was tnit of our power, as the Adventure was out of harbour, and we were under fail. The good old king Raid with us till we were near two miles out at fea, and then, after taking another affedionate leave, parted. During our ftay here, wc procured upwards of three hurtdrecThofp, be- fidcs fowls and fruit in great abundance. While at this idand, Capt. Fumeaux engaged a young man, name' '.iwt, a native of Ultetea, who had been dif- No. J. po(!Wrcd of his property by the people of Bolabola, to aconvpany him on his voyage. This young man has a good underftanding, honeft principles, and a natural good behaviour. But his hiliory is fo well known in England, that we will not enlarge upon ir. On Wednefday the 8th, we entered the harbour of Ohamaneno ; the natives crouded about lis with hogs and fruit as foon as wc were anchored. We rcfufed the hogs, as we had already m re than we could manage ; but feveral of the principal people obliged us to take them whether we would or no. Wc made a vifiton the 9th to Oreo, who is the chief of this part of the ifl.nnd ofUlitea. Meexpreired great fatisfaaion on feeing Capt. Cook again, and defired him to ex- change names with him, which the latter agreed to : this is a diftinguifhing mark of fricndlhip. Hero wc traded as ufual, but the balance of trade was much in our favour. On the loth, the chief entertained us with a comedy -, a very entertaining part of which was a theft, conuiiittcd, with ama/.ing dexterity, by a man and his accomplice. Before the thief has time tT carry o(F the prize, he is difcovcrcd, and a fcuffle cnfucs ; the difcovercrs arc vanquiihcd, and the thieves go oft' intriumph. Wc returned to dinner after the play was over, and as we were walking on (lioie in the evcniiig, one of the natives informed us that there were nine un- inhabited illands to the weft ward. Oreo and his fon paid us a vilit early in the morn- ing of the I ith of September, and brought, as ufual, hogs and fruit with them. We drefled the youth iii a (iiirt, and fome other articles, of which he was not a little proud. After ftaying fome hours, they went a(hare, and (o did Capt. Cook foon after, but to another part of the (liore. When the chief heard he was landed, he went of his own accord and put a hog and fom« fruit in the boat, and returned without faying any thing of it to any other perfon. He afterwards came with fome friends to dinner. After dinner, Po-oorau, who is the moft emir-nt chief of the ifland, made us a vifit. He was introduced by Oreo, and brought a pre- fent with him; for which he received a handfomc re- turn. We promifed to vifit both the chiefs the next morning: which we accordingly did, in company with feveral gentlemen. Another play was acied, and two very pretty young women performed, otherwifc this piece was not fo entertaining as the one wc faw be- fore. On the 14th, we fent on (hore for a fupply of Iwna- noes and plantains, for fea (lore. Oreo and (bine friends paid us a pretty early vi(it, when we informed him, that we would dine with him on (hore, and dcfired he would let us have two pigs for dinner, dreffed in their faftiion. We found the Hoor of the chief's houfe ftrcwed thick with leaves, and we were foon fcated round them. Soon after the pigs came tumbling over our heads upon the leaves ; and they were both fo hot as fcarcely to be touched. The table was orna* mented with hot bread fruit and plantains: we had likcwife a quantity of cocoa-nuts to drink. We never faw vidluals dre(red cleaner nor better in oar lives, and it had a mn(t cxquifiic flavour, much fuperior to viduals drelTcd in our mode ; how they contrived it we cannot tell, but though oae of thefc hogs weighed fifty pounds at leaft, it was well done in every part, and not too much done in any. Oico and his (on, with fomc male friends, dined with us. We had a great number of attendants and people who came to fee us thus dine in public, to whom pieces of pork were handed. The chief did not reful'e his glafs of Madeira whoaevcr it came to his turn, and we never at this, or at any other time, faw him affedcd by it. The boat's crew took the remainder when we nad dined. In the afternoon wc were again entertained with a play. On the t5th, we had a fulhcient proof of the timor- ous difpofition of thefe people. We rather wondered that none of them came to the (hips as ufual. Wc were afraid that as two men of the Adventure's crew (laid out all night contrary to orders, that the natives had dripped tnem, or done them fome other injiirv, •nd were afraid ivc (Hbuid ipvcnge their conduifl. Wc t M went '; ;. n^' V, m. ^Hi. Hi|J!5'ii:i|; 1* ■(• f ^m :, V !;i' I ¥¥■ [■ i'''tl Mm 138 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. went afhorc, and found the neighbourhood nearly defcrtcd. Prefcntly the two men made their ap- pearance, and repoited that they had been very civilly treated. Wc could f^et no account of the caufe of their flight, and could only learn from a few pcrfoni who ventured near us, that feveral ucre killed and wounded, and pointed to their bodies uhere the balU of the guns went in and out. Capt. Conk u.is vtry uneafy at this relation, fearing for the falicty of thcpeoplegonc toOtaha. In order to gtt the M\ information, the captain dcter- inined to go to the chief hinifclf, whom after much fearching for, he found fcatcd under the (hade of a houfc, with a great many people round him. There was a great lamenution a< Toon as Capt. Cook proached, the chief and all hit company burftinp ''* tears. After all this piece of work, it was founj IH'" the caufe of their alarm was on account of oi,r hi being abfent. fuppofing that the people in them h!!J deferred us, and that wc fliould adopt violent nicth i to recover them. They -'crc fatisficd when C Cook alTiircd them there was no caufe for ji *^' and that the boats would certainly return. On*"!"' morning of the i6th, we paid the chief a vifit, who J in his own houfc in pcrfe>ft tranquillity. At th'»i *^ I'orco left us. " ""* CHAP. III. •)i • 4 Spamjfjjbip T'/its Ol.ibr-iU — Stale of ibt ijlands — Rrmarh on tbf dtftafa and cuflcr.is of the NalKfs—SliilakeH uci c'vic'miiiz ilv Zi'omeii, .orr.-.'frJ — P^jfai^efrom Utiete.i loll.^ Irundly Ijles—Htnty's IjLhJ iiijlaitnj—lnad, in, ai \Ta dlekir^h—Thc tuojhips airne at Aialkr.iam — A pLuc of -^wjhtp dcfcribtd-^lmuUnti that bapfrned dunr.i V jldv at thai ijUiiJ — lb,- abair ijlanJs d;Jiriird — 'Tbttr pn.hue — Culliiatioit — Hoii/ts — Canon— Kai;i'aii:jK--\i^" Jatlttrei — H't-apons — Qtjloms—Goiernment — Re/tgion and li'iit^iage i/tbe i/ibahtants. ' ' ''**" ON the 1 7th of Sf prrniber, being Friday, wc de- termined to put to (id, having a good lupply o( all kinds of icficniments. Before wc failed, Oreo and l)i» fon paid us a vifit. Several canoes lillcd with Iruit and h(4;s futfouiHlcd us : ot tlic latter we could rt- ceive no more, our decks being fo cimidcd with them that we could fcarcely move. In both Ihip were about thue hundred and filry. Oico and his friciuU did not leave us till wc were unJer fail, aud eanielUy tui- portuned us to tell thcin when wc fliould return. Capt. Cook, as many young men otUrcd to come away with us, took one on board, about 18 years of age, named Ocdidee, a native o( liniahoia, and a near relation of the great t)pv)ony, chief of the ill.ind. When wc were out of the harbour and h iJ in.iile fail, a canoe was oblervcd following us con.lui ted by two men -, where- upon we brought to, and when along-fidc, they ilili- vered to Capt. Cook a preleiit of roalled fruit, and i(K)ts, from Oieo. The t.iptain after having made thein a proixr rcrurn let fiil to the weft, with the Ad- venture in company. W c (lull here give fome further acc'.Jiit of thefe illands, foinc thing?, which are rather inte.-^ciling, hav iiig been omitted in the relation of daily tranfai tions and incidents. A few day:. alter our arriv.-.l at Otahcile wc were told that a Hup, alwutthc fizcof the Rclblution, h.id vifitcd Owliaiurua Harbour, at the S. E. end of the ifland ; at wh.cli plaec, after having remained three weeks, flic departed ah>)ut three months before our arrival. Four of the nativrs went away in her, whofc names were Dcbedvbca, Faoodou, Tanadoocc, and Opahiah. We conjectured ihe was a French (liip, but at the Cape of (iood Hope, wc were inlormcd IIk was a Spaniard, fcnt out from America. The natives of Otaheitc com- plained of a difordcr communicated to them by the people in this Ihip, which thry dcfcribcd as affeding the head, throat, and ftoinach, aud at length they faid it killed them. This Ihip they called Pahai-no Pcppe (fli:p of Pcppe) and the difcafc ihey named Apano Pcp-pc, jull as they call the venereal difcafc Apano rrctme. (linglilh difcafe) yet to a man, tlicy fay this loatUlo.nc diftemper was introduced among them by \1. (I- lj.)ugainvillc J and they thought he came from Fretanc, as well as every other Ihip that touched at the ifland. We were of opinion, that long before iheli: illandcri were vifjted by F.uropcans, this, or a difeafc near a kin \a it, had exiftcd amon^; them ; for the y told Un people died of a difordcr, which wc imagined to be venereal. Jbeforc that period. Hut be this as it may, the difcafe is far lefs common among them than it was ill ( j^y, when wc firft vificcd thefe ifles. ilfllhc years 1767 and 1768. the Ifland of Otaheitc, as it yicrf, fwarmed with hogs and fowls i but at this | time it was fo ill fupplied with thefe a'nimala, that ' 3 . hardly any thing could tempt the owners to part »„i, ilKUi ; ami the little lloekthcy had, leemed to bcl, ilie dilpolal ot their kiiij:^. \v hen we lay at Oaiti-nli Bay, in the kingiloin ol liarraoou, or lefler Pcninfu i? wc were Riven to undcrllaiid, tliai cvciy hog .im| fo^J belonged to VVaheatoua ; and rliat all in tlae kini-dnm ot Opouuonu, or the greaicr IVninkila, kloimi ,„ Utoo. While at this illaiid wc got only 24 ho,., ,„ ," da)s; halt of which came from the kings thcmfches and the other half wc were inclined to think were fold us by their [Krrnillion. But with trfped to all the Umn produced in the ifland, with thefe we were abundanti, fupplied, except bread-fruit, which was not in ftafon Cocoa-nuts and plantains, we got the moll of- t|,t latter, with a few yams and other roots, fupplied the place of bread. At Otaheitc we procured great plcnt/ of apples, and a fruit refembling DC(itarine, called b' the natives Ahecya. This fruit was common to all ih'e ifles. Of all the feeds, brought by Europeans to thofc Illands, non? thrived fo well as pumpkins, but thele they do not like. We srtributed the fcarciiy of hocj to two caufcs : firft, to the great numlicr of thefe animals which have been confumed, and tatriidawav for flock, by the Ihips that have touched hercoilarc yean j fecondly, to the frequent wars between the mo kingdoms. Two wc know have commenced fmee the year 1767 ; but at prcfent peace reigns among them, though they do not Icein to entertain a cordial friend.! fliip for each other. Wc could not Ic.-rn the occafion ot the late war, nor who were viclorious in the con- fiiet s but wc learnt, that in the laft battle which rerminatcd the difputc, numbcis were killed on both fides. On the part of Opourconu, Toutaha, our very good fncnd was killed, and feveral other chiefi. i outaha was buried in his family Moral at Oparre*; and feveral women of his houftiold, with his mother^ are now under the protcilion, and taken tare of by Otoo, the reigning prince; one, wlio did not appear to us, at firfl, to much advantage. Wc could learn but little of Wahcatoua of Tiarrabou ; but wc obferved, that this prince, not more than 20 years of .ige, ap-' pcarcd in public with all the gravity of a man of fifty j yet hii fuhjccls do nat uncover before him, or pay him that outward obcifance as is done to Otoo ( yet they rticwed hitn equal rcfpcih, and when abroad, or in council, he took upon hitn rather more ftatc. His attendants were a few elderly men, who feemcd to be his principal advifers. Such was the prcfent flate of Otaheitc, but the other iflands, that is Huahcine, Ulietca, and Ouha, appeared in a more flourilhing condition, than they were at time when wc firft vitited them j fmcc which, having enjoyed the bleffings of peace, :lie people pofTcfs not only the neccfliiriei, but n)2iiy of the luxuries of life in great profufion : but ^^.-^^'--)b-J.'..4,, COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoverits in the South Seas & Round the ff^or/d. 1 39 we have treated at large of ihcfc iflands in our jj nal and narrative of Capt. Cecil's firft voyage, we ' }. II pot trouble our readers with unncccflary rcpeti- „n5 ; but only add, under this head, new matter, or "icar'up any miftakcs, and fceming inconfilUncirs. Inournrll voyage to thcP 'cs, we were inclined to i-ljcvc th.it the n.-'..ives cs ofTered to their fu- fcmc di'ty h"'"^" facriu^cs. To clear up this mat- ^rihe two captains, Cook and Furncaux, with fomc [Vrs went to a moral, in Matavar. In our company " fhiA, a? upon all other occafions, an intelligent, fen- iScm'in, belonging to the Refolution, who ipokc the .''jjrc of the natives tolerably well. In this Morai, or iiurving place, wasaTupapow, on which lay a dead hjjv ami fonie viands. ^\c firft enquired, if the laai'ai"'. J>;'"- I'd'orc us, were for the Etua, and if !|j.v olVcrcd tohiin hogs, do'^s, and fowls? They an- fei-il in ■'^'^ affirmative. We then, after a few more nt'roJii':^"''/ qucftions, alkcd, if they facrificcd any ',. the human fpecies to the Eiua? They anfwercd, yes, Tjiii-enii, thit is bad men, who they firft beat till ,1,1V were ik-.ij,; but good men were not facrificed. ^yjjd^cl him.if any Eirecs were? They replied, that v^.s wiri- given to Etua,,»nd only Ta.ita-eno. All the inf^cn fecmed to tend to the fame point, and meant, [hi; ni" '"'' certain crimes were condemned to be fjci lif^l. provided they had not wherewithal to re- J«ni ihcinrdves, and fuch will generally be found iiTioni; the lower i lafs of poeple. But, notwiihftand- jnj. thofe of whom thcfe enquires were made took fuav: piins to explain the whole of this rcligioui rite, yet ,-«erc not furticicntly acquainted with their language nniike ourfclvcs complete mailers of the fubjcct ; but »,; luvc not the leafl doubt rein.iunng of the certainty (-1 the lad, having fincc been informed by Oinai, thititisu'idoubtedly a ruftom with them to oiler hii- liiin ricrincfs to the Supreme Being. 1 he ohjccf, arordin^^ to his account, or who flull be faciificcxl, (lep«ndi folcly on the pleafurc of the high prieft, who, on anv lolemn occafion, retirei alone into the temple, ,nJ when he coincs from thence, informs the people, ,j„t'h "<« (ecn and talked with the Ktu.tj (the high pfj ■ having this privilege) that he rcquirc'i » hu- Ju 0; and that fuch a jwrtitul.ir {Kifon is the 1^ lie names, and who immediately is killed, lii.ig mod probably a viAiiii to the pricU's rcfcnt- imnt. - , , -. Thcfe peop'c have a iimplc, but, to us, a naufeous nisniur, of preparing the plant called Ava-ava, which uc h.nr noticed in the firft part of this work. This jj pnlTiJ fcDiii the roots, and not from the leaves, as «f full thought. The m.nkcrs of the liquor chew a iiuantityofthe root till it is foft and pulpy i then every one fpiis the juice he has prcfled out into one and the (jino platter. When a fullicicncy for their ufc is thus procircJ, more or lcf« water i$ mixed with it, accord- ing tn the ftrength required; after which the di- 1j:cJ liquor is ftrained through fame fibrous ftulTlike kx lluvingn. Having undergone this procefi, it is lit fur .Irinking, which is always done immediately, 1: drinks Hit and inlipid, but has a peppcnlh taftc ; jnd an iiuosicating quality, the cffetit of which wc fi* \n oni inllancc ; however, the natives drink ir, for thit ic.i:on, with great moderation, and but little at aiimc. The root is fometimcs chewed by them as the Europeiiis do tolwcco, and fomctimes wc have fecn ihcmc't tiie fune. Great quantitic* of this plant arc cu!ti»atril at Ulictca, at Otahcitc very little 5 but wc btl'cvo there are few iflands in this fea that do not pro- da' e more or It. fs of it. \\V mull not omit to remark here, that great injuftice hi! ban done the women of the Society llles, by thofe who havi- rei)refentcd them as a race of proftitutes ifitho.it exception, » ho will fell their favours for gain loany purchafer, which is far front being true; for thf enjoyment ol either the married or unmarried wo- men, ol the higher and middling claflcs, is a favour as dii'.icult to be obtained here, as in any other country nh.itcvcr, and even many women in the lower clafs will iilmic ofnufuch familiarities. That the proportion of proftitutes arc greater ihun that of other countries may be true, and nioft of thcin were fuch who fre- quented our fliips and tents on fliore. By obfcrving thcfe to mix indifcriminatcly with women of the firft rank, wc concluded haftily, that all female* were of the fame turn, and that the only diHereiice was in the price i but the truth is, as wc h.tvc more than once be- fore obfervcd, the woman who proftitutes lierfclf, does, not fccm, in the popular opinion, 10 have committed a crime, which ought to exclude her from the cftcem and focietyof the community in general. It inuft be confelRd that all the women in this part of the world arc complete coquets, and that few among them fix any baunds to their converfation j therefore it is no wonder that they have o'.itaincd the character ot wcmen of pleafurcv yet we would think it very unjuft, if the la- dies of England were to be condemned in the lump, from the conduct of thofe on hoard of ftiip? in our na- val ports, or of thofe who infeft the purlieus of Co- vcnt-garden, and Drury-Iane. RefpL\:ling the geography of thefe iflcs, wc think it iiecclfary to add to what has been faiil in ihc narrative of our former voy.age, that wc found the latitude of the bay ofOaitipiha, in Otahcitc, to be 17 dcg. 46 min. 28 fee. S. and the eaft longitude from Point Venus, to be o deg. 21 min. 25 fee. and an h.df, or 149 deg. 13 min. 24 fee. W. from Greenwich. It is highly pro- bable, that the whole ifland is of greater extent than at firft we fuppofed it to be in 1760, by two miles, and + m J quarters refpcdiively. \vhen ojr aftronomcrs iii.ide their oLdcrvatioiis on Point Venus, they found the litiuide to be 17 dtg. 29 min. 13 fee. S. which did'ers by two k\onds Irom that determined by Mr. Green and c:ap:. Cook ; and its longitude, namely. 149 dcg. .j+ min. 49 fee. and an half \V. may be as accurately laid down, for any thing yet known to the contrary. Alter our departure fiom the .Society Iflcs, and leav- ing Ulietea, it was our intention to get into the lati- tudes of the ilT.indiof Middlcburgh and Amfterdam, to which end, on Friday the 17th of September, wc fleered to the weft, inclining tn the fouth, with a view (•f getting clear of the trai ' of former nivigators. We proceeded at night with great circumfpcdion, frc- qoendy laying to, left wc fljould pafs any land unob- Urveil. On the :tft, and the whole of the 22nd, wc had rain, thunder, lightning, a large fwell from the fouth, and the wind blew from the N. W. for fcveral days ; a fign to us, that, in that direction, no land was near us. This was difcovercd from tiie mift-hcad, on Thurlday, the 23d, ftretching from S. by W. to .S. W. by S. We hauled up with the wind at S. E. and found it to confift of two or three finall iftots, united by breakers, as are molt of the low iflcs in the fca ; the whole being in a triangular form, and about iix leagues in circuit, lliis iQand is in latitude 19 deg. 18 min. S. .ind in 158 dcg. 54 min. W. longitude. Each of the fmall conncded ifles arc cloathcd with wood, particularly of thcccKoa-nut kind ; but we faw no traces of inhabitants, and had reafon to believe there were none. To thefe iflots wc gave the name of Hervcy's Ifland, in honour of Capt. Hervcy of the navy, one of the lords of the Admiralty, and now earl of Brillol. As the landing on this iflc would have occafioncd a de- lay, we rcfumed our courfc to the weft, in which wc faw fome men of war, tropic birds, and tlying filh. On Saturday, the auh, we again began to ufe our fea bifcuit, the fruit being all confumcd ; but of frefh pork each nun had every day a neccflary allowance. Or WcdnefJay, the 79th, in latitude ai deg. 26 min. S. we altered our courfc at noon W. half S. 0.» Friday, the ift ofOdtobcr, at two o'cl>. k P. M. wc made the ifland of Middlcburgh, and the iici morning bore up for the weft fide thereof, pafling be- tween the fame, and a finall ifland that ky ofTit, where wc found a clear channel two miles broad. After run- ning about two thirds of its length, half a mile from the Ihorc, wc obfervcd ir alTumed another afpeA, and oflfcred a profpedt both of tincborage and landing. Upon this wc plied in under the ifland. We were now vifitcd by two canoes, whivh came boldly along-fide of mi i I..1 : m H l.il l'"i IS tflaii,.' . . 'mRJ ■ i I .' *h¥' m f'"'' ^i!^ 'Il-'ftf^;^;-| IC( h4 '■■ ^ili'^'': ■.-!:l ^;rl 140 Capt. C O O K's V O V A G E S COMPLETE. 11 us, and fevcral of the Indians entered the Refolution without hcfitation » which mark of confidence deter- mined us to viftt them if polTible. After making a few trips, wc found good anchorage, and come to in 25 fa- thoms water, ai three cables length from the fhorc. Wc had fcarccly ani.iiorcd, when wc were furrounded with ina'iins, fome in canoe*, and fome fwimminj;, feveral cameon board, and among them a chief, nametf Tioony, tp whom Capt. Cook prefented a hatcher, fpike-nails, and other articles, with which he was highly pleaf- ed. A party of our people, in company with Tioony, went on Ihorc, who were conduced to a little creek fornicd by the rocks, right abreaft of tlw (hip, where landing was very eafy, and the boats fecure againft 'nc furf. Here wc were faluted with loud acclamations, by an immenfe croud of people, who (hewed the moft evident ligiis of pacific intcntipns, not one of them having fo much au a ftick, or any weapon in their hands. They thronged fo thick round the boats with cloth, matting, &c. that it was fome time before we ciuld make good o-r landing. Many of them, who could not get ncai the boats, threw over the others heads whole bales o^ cloth, and retired immediately, without cither alking, or waiting to get any thing in return. At length the chief caufed them to open to the right and left, and make room for us to land. Wc were then conduiited up to his houfc, which was fituatcd about 300 yards from the fea, at the end of a fine lawn, and under fome (haddock trees. In tht front was the profpert of the fc* and the fliips at anchor. Plantisions abounding with the ricneiV proJuiftions of, nature, were phccd behind, and on each fide. We were feated on m»ts, laid on the floor, and the natives placed thcm- fclvcs in a circle round on the outfide. Having with us bag-pipes, Capt. Cook ordcrH them to be played, and in return, the chief dirciflcd three young wctncn to fiiig a fong, which they did with aii exceeding good grace: and a few prefcnts being difiributcd among tncfcyoutig women, fetal! the r'ft in the circle a (ing- ing, who did not fit down unrewarded. Their fongs were in ncv wife harlh, but on the contrary mufical and harmonious. Hav'n^ continued hc»e fome time, at our own rcqueft, v-e *crc conduced to another plan- tation, where the c'licf had a houfc. into which we were introduce!. !iananocs and coc(.&.nuts were fct liefoie us, and a b.iwl of liquor, prepared in our prc- funic, of the juice of ava, in the manner already related 1 the latter of i^hich was prefcntcil to each of us in cups made by the folding of green leaves, containing near half a pint each cup t but Capt. Oiok was the only Ijcrfon who taftcd the liquor; however, the bowl was f'xin emptied by the natives, of which both men and women parcook » but »t obfcrved that the fame cup was never filled twice, nor did two perfons drink out of it : each had a fre(h cup and frc(h liquor. The hoofc we were now entertained in wu fituatcd at one angle of the plantation, abounding with fruit and tices, whofc fragrance di.Tufcd a pleafing odour, and the (breading u'xnchcs made an agrccajlc (hade. Before the houfc was an area, on •"Hth we were feated. It bein^ now noon, wc rfturiwd on board to dinner, with the whicf Tioony in iiur company. Wc had on the table frelh pork, but he eat nothing, which wc thought (qmcwhat extraordinary. After dinner we again went on ihi/re, and wjrc r(X?ved as before. Mr. Forftcr, u~iih his botanical party, and fome other gentlemen, took a walk into the country. Our two captains were cuitduckd to the chiefs houfc, where fruit, and fome greens were fct before us. Having juft dined we could not eat much; but Ocdidceand Omaidid honour toihodefert. We now intiniatixl a dcfirc of feeing the country, and Tioony very readily gratified W" wiflies. I ic ltd us through feveral plantations, laid out with great juhooks j'or nails, and en grolTcd the trade in a manner wholly to himfc If On Saturday, Octoher the \i, as foon as Cipl Cook came on board, wc departed from Middlcburc ani made fail down to Amflerdsm. When we wcrcabom half way between the two ifics, wc were met Iw three canoes, and tlic people made feveral attempts to conic I on board, but without elfed, as the rope we threw out ' to them broke, and ue did not (horten fail. Xhc were likrwifc unfurccfsfui in boarding the AdWnturc Wc ran along the fouth-wefl coaft of Amfterdam at the diftance of halfa mile from the (ho«, whereon the fea broke in a great furf. By the help of gUffcs wc faw the fact of the whole ifland, which, in every 'M-t that. came under our obfcrvation, appeared covered with plantations. Along the (hore wc perceived the natives running in great numbers, and dilplaying fmjH white Hags, the emblem? of peace, which fignais «e I anfw' .-d by hoifting a 5t. Georm's Enfign. At this 1 tlnr- . three of the natives of Middleburg, who had con- tinucd too teng on board the Adventure to mum" quitted her, and fwam to the (hore, from *^ :nce »e concluded they had no ftrong inclination to ai iompan* us in our voyage. Wc had no fooner opened the weft fide of the iflc, than feveral canoes, hrving four men in each, came boldly along-fidc, and, when they hid prc(bnied ui with fome ava root, came on board vkii, out the leaft cerenuMiy. Having got into Van Dieniei 'j Road, we anchnvd in 1 8 Tatltoms water, little mop than a cable's length from the breakers 1 and ourcoaft, ing anchor, to keep the fljip from tailing on the rocki, \ lay in 47 fathoms water. By this time we vntn (\ir'. j rounded with people, and our (cumen were fo eager m 1 purchafing their curiofitics, even at the expeme of cloaths, that Capt. Cook found it abfniutelv neceflary to prohibit any farther commerce of this fort. Tlic good eftcil of this onirr, was, that on the 4th, ihc j natives br.^nght ut fowls, pigs, bananoes, and coroanuii in abundance, for which wc exchanged firall nails and pieces of cloth, even old rags would pur< hafc pigs and j fowls. A trading party was now fettled, and our com- ' mandcrs went on (hore, attended by Mr. Forftcr and other officers, in company with a chief named Atta^o, j whohadatttched himfclfto Capt. Cook, the lirll mo- 1 ment of his coming aboard, which was before the | (hips came to anchor. This perfon of fome note pre- fented the capuin with fevcral articles, and si a greater tcftir.wny of friendfliip exchanged nainci wiili nioi{ acuftom, which, as wc havcnbrcived. iiprac- tifetl at Otahei'c. and the Society Ifics. We wire re- ccived on rtiorc with the fame demonftrations of joy ti at Middleburg, and the gentlemen fct otit into the country, except the two commanders, who diftribuitdl prcfenis to fuch of the nativtn as Attago pointed out, I who were afterwards difcovered to be of riperiur rank to bimrdf I iboitgh •( this tiihc; by the attention paiJ Id] , ^J^-K,, -^ .;-7,,-. \':i^T .v^\— --r ■^.■ < .'v' ,.■ •»f •:l.-.ni \i ! 'U |i ^^r /. . Ct; -•. / i:?'^ ttilll!. I'l fjttth .f ' 11 •jm ■m 1 tm miFSi'' *' <'i'i^^:ti^ IpiPN ni\ 'I'HM '" -WF i ^''l^'^l B *r ■|f' 1 H. "!.H :.Jf" liil COOK'S SECC t4' 'm y. y' X. v: III" TJIK ^ T #/i: % f ^m- ^ tohini, he appeared ine complained of tl , u, under the (hade ,ho were ordered tc : Mil the prcfirribed 1 i JofeofOiaheitc. i«e hinted our dcfii \,fXo%o immcdiatfl; \ jtrniiiwed in an < , ,« raw a place of \ flghtcen feet hi^h. L a rtnnc parapet w ,hich the mount, c fcailding with a g twenty by fourtecr within fifty yards ( ,hf(jrcen Three piicfls, iKRun a | Ufc, which lafted itijr emkd, they c Wcmade them prel ihcn prorecJfd to ^ jlil not (Ikw the biiilt in every refpecfi poih and rafters, t fjvfj came down ind the open fpacc node of palm-leave: toihciopof this, w fcoufcwas a gravel {n( gravel, in thccc efbiiic pebbles, raif ^the building (tood aid another lay on o jwrando.cr by A other log of wood ttrc not conCidcred Jiip. We put fevei (hit matter, but dii jurrealcrs are to l»c « hardly could undi thought it nectflary hid down upon the | (xhtr things, which ind put in his poet ihty could cut hich tith which the wa mount, fomeollhei IjjinchiJthitk. T oij^mvr. was open fronted the green, »hich ap|>e.ircd to iRMthii comjiofetl tree, of which areir wrv romnwn in thi ^a« ol Morlhip, i cilltd A-fw-lou-ca. On our return n mad leading intoth iikIii level as a btiw ififrekd It, nil in* itfKtt, aii>l tliailetl ihoiiti is luipric'iigl nfilyhavriniigined inonthat hiurope c« li^hiluluaik*, and n Njiure ullilletJ by «ri |])> man intbis fcrt piihlu- one, which ' SI no more fpace the Nmnsuries iacHneach, ani in if:ful trees and pi liiMc jppearances i fircnr. In this trani btn uf people going mm nj{ liiiin tnetn i (iihiT turnmg to th IV Itunding ml! witl hiJ pili'ed hy thcin. No. 16. COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE—fbr making Difcoverks in the South Seas fie Round the fTor/J. 141 to him, he appeared to be the principal perfon. Hav- necornplaiiitdofthe heat, Attago (hewed and fcated ai under the (hade of a large tree; and the people. ,ho were ordered to fortn a circle, neve, attempted to Bn'i the prcfcribcd bound*, and croud upon ua, aa did Ljle ol" Otaheite. After having been here fome lime, i;«e hinted our defiic to fee the country » whereupon l-kttiSP imnnediatcly conduced ui along a lane that * _^,i„ated in an open green, on one fide of which faw a place of wordiip, built on a mount about BBhtcen feet high. It was an oblong fquare, inclofed k a rtonc parapet wall, about three feet in heights from thich the mount, covered with green turf, rofe to the building with a gradual (If'pe. The building waa iwenty by fourteen feet. When we had advanced within fifty yards of its front, every one fat down on Affffccii Three elderly men, whom we took for nricfls, iH'Run a praver, having their facea to the Life/which laftcd about ten minutes, and thii bc- ini> ended, they came and feated themfclvcs by us. Wc made them prefcnts of what we had about us, and Am prorocdfd to view the prcniifrs, to which they dill not (Ihw the leaft rclut^ance. The houfe was bciilt in every rcfpclcrs are to be informed, that, at our fir(t arrival, «hardlv could undcrlland a word the people faid. We thought it nrcclTary to leave an otTering, and therefore Inddown upon the platform fome mcd;iU, nails, and flhcr things, which our friend immediately took up ifld put in his pocket. We could not conceive how ihcy could cut fuch targe ftoncs out of the coral rocks. (ith which the walls were made that inclofed the mount, fome of ihcni being ten Utt by (bur, and near til inchrs thick. The mount, which llood in a kind oi'j^mvc, was open only to view on that fide which (nKiitd the green, and here five roads met, moft of »faich *pi>c.ircd to be public. Artiong the various litnthjt cumimfcd the groves, we found the Etoa Iter, of which are made chibs, and a fort of low p«Im, rcrv romnion in the northern paiti of Holland. This «l.ic( ot wurfhip, in the language of Amfterdam, ia cilltd A-ha-tou-ca. On (Hir return tilk«, and not an inch of uncultivated ground. Nature alltded by art no where aftpears to more ndvan- HKciiun in tltis fertile fpot. I'hc roads, even the high niMic one, which was atxtut (ixteen feet broad, ikcu- m\ no more fpace than wa« abfolutrly lu'Cirary, nor did the lv)iin«{«riri and lences take up ibove four iachneach, and in m:wy fiUces of thefe were planted ifrtiil tree-, and plantt. On every fide you (aw the tunc jppearancei 1 nor di I change ot place alter the km. In this tr tnlporting pltiec we Km great num> btn uf people going to the Ihips loaden with fruit, and com n){ Irom them 1 all of whom gave ua the road, by tiihcr turning to the right or left naitd, fitting down, w n^nding (Fill with their backs to the fences, till we hiJ paired by them. In many of th$ crefi roadi, wck No. 16. A-lia-tou-cas, wliofe mounts were furrounded with pallifadoes. After having walked I2veral miles, we came to a more fpacious one, near to which was a large houfe, theproperty of an old chief, who was one of our company. Here we «rere regaled with fruit 1 but our (lay was fliort, and our guides having conducted ua down to our boat, we returned with Atugo to our (hip to dinner. When aboard an old man was ulhered into the cabbin ; we placed him at table, and foon perceived he was a man of confequence, for Attago, the chief being almoft blind, eat with his back towards him ; and as foon as the old man returned alhore, which was after he had tailed the fxOa, and drank two glalTes of wine. Attago took his place at the table, (inilhed his dinner, and drank alfo two glalTes of wine. After dinner we all went alhore again. We found the old chief, who. in return for his (lender meal, prefcnred us w ith a hog. Before we fct out for the country. Capt. Cook went down with Attago to the landing-place, where he found Mr. Wales laughing at his perplexing fituation. The boats that brought us afhorc not having been able to get clofc in with the landing-place. Mr. Wales had pulled olf his (hoes and (lockings to walk through the water, and, when on dry ground, fitting down, he put them between his legs, in order to put them on, when in an infiant ihi-yMcre fnatched awsy by a perfon behind him, who immediately mixed with the croud. The man he could not follow bare-footed over the (harp coral rocka : the boat was put back to the (hip, all his com- panions had made their way through the croud ; and he was found by the captain in this forlorn condition t but the (ricndly Attago foon fet him at liberty, by find- ing out the thief, and recovering the (hoes and (lock- ings. We now began our excurfion into the country. Having palTcd the firft- mentioned Afiatouca, the old chief (hewed us a pool of frefli water, though we had not made the leatf enquiry for any. It is very proba- ble this is the bathing place for the king and hit no- bles, mentioned by Tafman. From hence we were conduifled down to the (hore of Maria Bay, or N. E. fide of the ifie, where we were (hewn a boat-houfe. in which was a large double canoe not yet launched. The old chief did not fail to make us fcnfible that it be- longed to him. Night now approaching, Attago at- tended us to the boar, and we returned aboard. As to the botanizing and (hooting parties, that were out with us the fame day, they were ill civilly treated, and well entertained by the nativee. The party al(() at the market on (hore had a I He trade, and many advanta- geous bargains. Thr x-ured plenty of banaius, yams, cocoa-nuts, pig^, tor nail <^^ and pieces of cloth. A boat from p w,t xploycd to bringoflf their cargoes, by whicu mf wc obtained cheaper, and wiin Icis trouble, a gu<> 1 quatitity of re- frelhments from thofe of the natives who d no ca- noes to carry their comntodities off to the llupi. On Turfday the 5th, early in the morning, the cap- tain's friend, Attago, brought him a hog and four fruit, for which, in return, ne received a hatchet (heet, and fome red cloth. The pinnace having b ,1 frnt on fiiore to trade, as ufual, foon returned, and .ve were informed that the natives, in many refpe^s. were exceeding truublrfome. The day before they had ftolc the boat's grappling, and at this time they were for ta- king every thing out of the pinnace. It was tlierefnre judged necelTary to have on (note a guard, and accord ingly the marinei were fent. under the command of Lieutenant Edgcumbe. Thcfe were foon after fol- lowed by the two commanders. Attaso, and feveral of the gentlemen. On landing, the old chief prefcnted Capl. Cook with a pigi and then Mr. Hodges, ac- companied by the two captains, took a walk into the country, in order to make drawings 1 after which, the/ all returned with Attago, and two other chiefs on board to dinner, one of which lad had fent a hog on board the AdveiMure, fume hours before, for Capt. Fumcaux, without reouirlna any return t a fingular inftance ot' ■wnerolity thia : but Attaon did not omit to put Capt. Cook in miad of the pig the old king gave him in tiie • N- mora- ■Ffi^ ! i ri-l ■■■■>' Rli, }!■■ i B Li. '-'U ' k >n 1 ■ 1 w'M iW hi fc> } 1I ihi-n !,f, iS ■'.U ■ ..:if 'i IKI i ■ 142 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ■1' i'i C II ll n f' ' i: *f II m M ' 't fV i\ morning, for which he haJ in return, a chequed ftiirt, ami a piece of red cloth, lie dclired to put them on, whith when done, he went upon deck, anc( (hewedhim- fdf to all his countrymen. He had done the Tame with the Ihcei the captain gave him in the morning ; but when wc went on Ihorc in the evening, the old chief took to hirnfcif every thing Attago and others had got in their pofl'cfTion. This day the different trading parties procureil for both (hips a good fupply of re- trclhments; the failois therefore had leave to purchafe any curiolitics they might fancy; which opportunity they embraced with gicat eagcrnefs; indeed they be- came quite the ridicule of the natives from their thirft after tritks, wlio jccringly offered them fticks and Jlones, in exchange for other things J and one waggilh boy took a piece of human excrement on the end ot a liick , and offered it for fale to every one he met. This day a fellow found means to get into the matter's cab- tin, and Hole fome books and other articles, with which he was making; off in his canoe. On being pur- Cued by om of our boats, he left the canoe, and tiKik to the w ater ; but as often as our people attempted to lay hold of him, he dived under the boat, and at laft, having uiillupped the rudder, got clear off. Other daring thefts were committed at the landing-place. t)iK man Hole a ftainan's jacket, and would not part .with it tilt puifued and hred at. WedncUiay tlie 6th our friend Attago vilitcd us again as ufual, brought with hiin a hog, and alTilled us IR purchaiing many n>orc. We went aftenvard'i on Hiore, vilited tne old chief, with wliom wc (layed till noon, and then returned on boartl to dinner, accompa- nied by Atuj."), wiio never one day left Cipt Cook. Being about to dcjwrt from this idand, a prcfcnt was made tor the old king, and carried on Ihorc in the even- ing. When the captain landed, he was informed by Ibmc of the officers, that a far greater nian thifti-any nve had yet feen, was come to pay us a vifit. Mr. Fickcrfgill faid, he had feen hiin in the country, and believed he was a man of great confcquencc, by the ex- traordinary rcfjjcd paid him by all ranks of people j fonic of whom, when tht y approached him, fell on their laces, and put their head between their feetj nor lio any pafs him without pcrmiirion. Upon his arrival, Mr. I'lekcrfgill and another gentleman took hold of his arms, and cfcortrd him down to the landmg-placc. » here wc found him fcaied with fuch an affcded gravity, that we really thought him an ideot, whom, from fome fupcrllitifus notions, the people were ready to adore. VVhcn Capt. Cook lalutcd ami addreffed hirn, he nci- ther anfwcred, nor took the leaft notice of him. And as there appeared in the features of his countenance not any alteration, the captain was about to leave him to his private cogitations : but an intelligent youth cleared up all our doubts, and from his information, wc were now full;' convinced, that what we took for a (fupid fool was the principal head man, or king of the ifland. Thercfoie the prelent, intended for the old chief, was prefentcd to hi in. it conlifted of a ftiirt, an axe, a piece of red tloth, a looking glafs, fome naiU, medals, and IVads i all of which were put upon, or laid down by hii majclly, without his f|>eakmg om: word, or turning his head cither to the right or left. We departed from this living llatuc, and had not been long on lioaid, bclorc he fent us a prcfcnt of urovilions, coiiiilling o* aiiout twenty balkcts of roattea bananas, four bread and )aiiis, and a roallcd pig, weighing about twenty pounds. We now no lottger queftioncd ■ the real dignity of thu fullen chief. When ihefe things were brought down to the water tide, Mr. Edgccumix* and hu party were r niing off to the vcflcis, and the bearers ol the prclcnt laid it was from the Areekc, (that is king) of the Kland, to the Arcckc of the (liip. On Thurlday the7thot Oftober, early in the morn- ing, our twocommandcrs, accompanied by Mr. lorrtcr, went afliort, to i\ukc a return to the Arcckc of the ifland for his tail night's prcfcnt. I'hey foon found Attago, of whom wc learnt, that his raajclly's name was Ko-haghcc-too-Fallangou, After fome little time he appeared with a very lew attendanu. by Attago's defirc wc all fat down under a tree, and the kinji fc„ j himfelf on a rifing ground, about twelve vardt r, \«r« ..«»:-. ...^ f_ : /• _? ' " '-otn otn u». Wc continued fome minutes facing each oth cxpcaing Attago would introduce us to his maieft7' but obferving no figns of this, the two captains wmV and having lalutcd the king fat down by him f^ then put on him a white (hirt, and laid down btfo' him a few yards of red cloth, a brafs kettle, a faw ,,^ large fuikes, three looking glaffes, twelve medals' inH fome ftrings of beads. All this time he behaved iVth manner before related, fitting Jikc a ftaiuc; his arm fccmed immoveable; he fpoke not one word, nor did he feem to know what wc were about. When weei him to undcrlland by figns and words, that wc ihculd foon depart from his ifland, he made not the le\(l ply ; but when we had took leave, wc perceived hcc™ verfcd with Attago. and an old woman ; and in th courfc of this converfation he laughed heartily jn foit! of his affumcd gravity ; for it could not be his real dif pofition, feeing he was in the prime of life, and thtff iflandc-^ like all others wc had lately been acquainted with, »rc Tiurh given to levity. Wc were now intr^ duced by Attago into another circle of rcfpcaable old people of both fexes, among whom were our frif,a the aged chief, and the pricil, who was gcnerallv iii hiscompany. We concluded, that the juice otum per- root, hid the fame cffed that flroni; liquori have on Europeans, when they drink too aiuch of them for wc obfervcd, that the reverend father could wilk very well in the morning, but in the evening was gene rally led hom.- by two friendly fupporicrs. Wc wcr^ a little at a lofs how to take leave of the old chief having, we feared, almoft cxhauftcd all our choiceft ftore on the king; but having examined our pockets and Capt. Cook's trcafury bag, which he always carried with him, wc coUcfted together a tolcrahio pnod pre fent both for the chief and his friends. This' old chief had a natural air of dignity, which the king had not He was grave, but not fullen , would talk at times in a jocular manner, and when convcrfing onlv on indiffe. rent fubjefts, would endeavour to undcrrfandus, and be underllood himfelf. The pricft in all our'viliu would repeat a flwrt prayer, which none in the com. pany attended to, and which for our parts wc did not undcrftand. Having continued a focial converfation with thefe friends near two hours, we bid thcin fare- well, and repaired to our (hip with Attago, and a few of his friends, who after breakfaft were difinilPcd loaded with prefents. Attago very rtrongly importuned us to : call again at this illc on our return, and rcquctlcd i the captain, mote than once, to l)ring him a fuit of | clothes like thofc he then had on, which war his uni- form. This friendly iflander, during cmr Hay, uj', on fcvcral occafions, very fcrviccabic to us. He dil* came on board in the morning, foon after dawn, ,iivl frequently flayed with us till the evening. When on i board or on (horc, he perfonned every kind oiTicc for us in his power, the expcncc for his fervices was tii. Hing, and wc thoufht him a very valuable friend. The fu;. plies w' h we prer ol lowls; >> many banan.is, &c. as wc could find room for, ami, had we (ontiiuicti longer, i>c might have had more than our wants required. \\\\ were now alxiut to depart, when, in heaving the oat- ing cable, it broke, by being chaffed by the rock* ; In which accident wc loll nearly half the cable, together with the anchor, which lay in Ibrty fathoms watir,| without any buov to it i from whence a judgment miy be formed of iliis anchorage. At ten o'clock V, M. wc go' under fail, but our detk* being cnoutnkrfd with iVuit, fowls, &c. wc kept pb g under the land till they were cleared. Before wc (ontinue the hilloryj of thii voyage, w« fhall here giv< i particular account j ot this ifland, and its neighbouri .g one of Middle-! burgh, a defcription of which wc doubt not will nfrord an agreeable entertainment ro our readers, and very numerous fubfcribcn, who have favoured this work I With a generous encouragement, equal to our moirian-j guinc expccUiioni and * ithei. ! Thefe •t^^kitmtn^ COOK'S SECON U VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the fVorld. 1 43 Thtfe two iniiicls were firfl d'''<:ovcrcd bj Cap^ Abd j'"'^"" Tafmaii, a Dutchman, in January 1643-3, which he named Amftcrdam and Middleburgh. The tirnic is called by the natives Tonga-ta-bu, and the I tier Ea-oo-w^e. I'Vom obfervations made on the fpot thcv are found to be licuated between the latitude \i\ n{];enious, exceeding in point of workmanfhip, every thing of this kind we Taw in this fea. They are fo/m- ed of feveral pieces fcwed together, in fo n«at a manner, that on the outfide it is difticult to difcern the joints. On the infide, all the faftenings pafs through ridges. They are of two forts, namely, double and iingle ; the fingle ones arc from 20 to 30 feet in length, and about 20 or 22 inches broad in the middle. The ftern terminates in a point, and the head ia fomewhat like the extremity of^a wedge. At each end is a kind of deck, open in the middle, for about one third part of the whole length. The middle of their decks in fomc of them, is ornamented with white fiiclls, ftuck on little pegs, and placed in rows. They work thcfe fingle canoes fomctimcs with fails, but oftncr with paddles, the ftiort blades whereof aic broadcft in the middle : they have all out-riggers. The double canoes are made with two vcfllls about 6, with a good \\i*^ i thcj are alio aclivc, brilk, >. r ,.| ■;,! 1 ( h: m ^^i^ •:: lii' i !'I:IS! ;':i"'' »l "i I \\\\ M.i'.i ■r i ,•! 1 !.; >' »% M^m^ I ■. 144 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. * . (; :' ! ' Mill f:P ■wll 1 93 till ffll4 1 r*';- li and lively. The women are cfpecially very merry and fociable, and would chat with us, witbjut being invited, or if we fcemed attentive, without ccnfidering whether we underftood them or not. They appeared in f^eneral to be modeft : yet inftances of thofe of a different charaAcr were not wanting t and having fome venereal complaints. Capt. Cook took all poflible care, that the difordcr (hould not be communicated to them. When- ever opportunity ferved, they difcovered a (Irong pro- penfity to pilfering, and in the art of thieving are full as knowing and dexterous as the Otaheiteans. Their hair, particularly of the females, is black, but fome of the men havcamcthodofftaining their hair with various colours, as white, red, and b'ue, which we faw upon the fame head. It is wore cut fliort, and wc :nct with only two exceptions to this cuftom. The boys have only a fincle lock on the top of the head, combed up wards, ana a fmall quantity on each fide. The beards of the men are fliaved quite clofe with two (hells'i and even thofe of an advanced age have fine eyes, and in general good teeth. They arc tattoawed from the middle of the thigh to above the hips; but among the women, the Ikin is pundured very (lightly, and thatonly on their arms and fingers. Their drcfs confifts of a piece of cloth or mattmg, hanging below the knees, but from the waifi upwards they are generally naked. Their ornaments art b'acelets, amulets, and necklaces, com- pofed of bones, (heii», «nd beads, of mother of pearl The women have a curious apron made of the outward fibres of the cocoa-nut (hell : fmall pieces of this fiuH" are fewcd together in fuch a manner as to form ftari, half moons, and fquarcs, &c. and the whole is Oudded, and decorated with red feathers, fo as to have a plcaf- ing effc&. They wearalfo rings on their fingers made oftortoifeOiell, and pendants of the f.ima, about the fize of a fmall quill ; but though all have their cars bored, yet thefe la(t kind of ornaments are not worn in common. The natives of thefe ifiands make the fame forts of cloth, as the inhabitants ofOtaheite ; but they have not fuch a variety, nor any of fo fine materials ; yet having a method ofglazing their cloth, it is more durable than that at Otahcite, and will rcfift rain for fome time. Their matting is of various kinds ; fome very fine, and generally ufed for cloathingi another fort is t'lickand ftronger, which ferves them for fails, and to llccp on. The colours of their cloth arc black, brown, purple, yellow, and red ; all extraded from vegetables. They make many little toys, which fuf- (icicntly ivinces their ingenuity : and among their utenfilo are various forts of curious balkets, fome made of '.lie fame materials as their mats, and others of the tvified fibres of cocoa-nuts j which prove in the work- nianlliip, th.-it thefe people want neither ta(tc to de- fi TO, nor (kill to execute. How they amufe thcmfelves in their Icilure hours, we cannot particularly and po- fittvvly fiy, iK-ing but little acquainted with their di- vcrlic.ns. Wc were entertained frcauently with fongs from *hc women, in an agreeable (tile, and the munc they af:omp.nnicil by fnapping their finders, lb as to keep tim": to it. Both this and their voices are very harmonio.n ; and they have a confiderable compfs in their norci. Among their mufical infiruments, which came under our knowledge, they have a drum, or rather an hollow lof;, of wood, on the fide of which they beat with ttto dium flicks, whereby is produced > doleful found, not quie fo mufical as th.u of an empty cafk. Wc faw one of I hcfe drums five feet and a half long, and thirty inch ' jIvJ ^ ,a,i cook's second VOY A.GE— for making Di/coveries in the South Seas & Round the IVorld. 1 45 \Vc can fay very little of the religion of tiiefe people. The Aftatoucas may be appropriated to thii put pofc ; i|[ fome of our gentlemen thought thcfe building were only burying places. It iscertainparticular pcrfons made fnrtth" in them, which we underftood to be piaycrij irhaps. they may be both temples and burying places, « at Otahcite ; but with refpeft to the images being h\>, »e had many reafons to be of a contrary opinion. Uf Wales told us, that one of thefe images was fet up for him and others to flioot at, not very refpcdfijl tlii.i to divinity; and yet we have feen the Portugucfc, wl.en their widics were not gratified, trc.1t their tucdnr n::;its with much greater familiarity. It appeared however very plain to us, that ihefe Afiatoucas are much fre- quented for one purpofe or other ; ("or the areas before ihem were covered with green lod, and the gral's was very fliort, by being often fat upon and much trodden, which duubtfels prevented its growth. CHAP. IV; €^ ^ j7 HffdMm and Adventure nntinue ibeit i^oyage from Amflerdam— proceed for ^een Cbarlolte's .Sound — An interzie^u '-.,/<) the iiibnbilants — Tbe final feparalion of fbe l-wojtips — TranfaSliim and incidents in Ojurlolte's Sound — The in- bahiO'ilf difcoveredto he Cannihals — A defcnplion of I be coaft—The Rrfolulwn departs from the Hound, and proceeds in ftdTch after her cenforl — Courfe of the Refotulwn in feareb ,()f the fuppfed continent ; and the vielbods purfued to CX' tlcre the Southern Pacific Ocean — Arrives at Eafler Ijland — Tranfailions ibere^—An expedition into the inland part of the cvinir\, "s^itb a" account of fomegiganticjiatues, and defcription ijfthe whole iJland. ON Thurfday, the 7th of OiSober, we made fail to the fouthward, and our route determined was, (omik'-' for Queen Charlotte's Sound in New Zealand, .Wffe to take in a fupply of wood and water, and then toprocced on farther difcoveries to the S. and E. On X, dth we made the iffand of PiMhrt, diftant eight Jlu„, and bearing S. W. by W. half W. This was ilfg jifcovercd by Tafman, and lies in latitude 22 dcg. i6min-S.and ini75dcg. 59min.W. longitude, diHant jlfjgufs from the fouth end of Middlebufgh, in the iire!lion of S. 5 a drg. W, Two remarkable hills rife thtrcin of a confidcrablc height, and fcemingly dif- jgintd from each other by a low valley. We no\<', iftfr* few hours calm, (Irctchcd with S'S. W. wind to (IkS. £• but, on Sunday, the io:h. it veered round to i iIkS. E.and E. S. E. upon which wc rcfumcd our tourfc to the S. S. W. On Thurfday the »i(\ at five o'clock, A. M. we made ihcUml of New Zealand, extending from fS- ^^'' by 1( to \V. S. W. We now ftofecond, and now feveral inhabi- unti took courage and boarded us. among whom was 1 chief; he was clothed elegantly, and his hair Was ^Iffd in the high fklhion of the country. We entcr- uinnl him in the cabbin, and his companions fold ut lonK&lh. Thefe people were very fond of naih, and iht chief received them with much greater eagernefs ilun when the captain gave him hogs, fowls, feeds, tnd roots. We obtained from him a promife not m kill inv, and if he keeps his word, there are enough to kk the whole ifland i the prefcnt confifted o? twp Imi, two boara, four hens, and two cocks ; we like- iil();ave him feveral ufeful feeds, and inflrutHed him in ih« manner of fetting them. Thefe people very itll fcnicmberetl the Endeavour having been on their coll. The Adventure was now a good way to leeward, udis «c were obliged to tack, me was confequently tpiratcd (rom us i but we were joined by her on the iitnir-fourth. The wind was now very high. To that w could carry hardiy any fail t wc endeavoured td lake Cape Pallifer, the northern point of Eakeino* nuw(, but we had fuch a hard gale for two days, :)iat iwtujotf the land juft as we were in fight of piirt. Biswas very mortifying; but two favourable circum- linccs attended it, lor wr were in no danger of A lee- Jioft, and it was fair over head. In the evening of ikeiwtnty-fiith wc cndeavoui'ed to find the Adventure, ihich the (lorm had fepirated, but without effcift, the TOiher being fo hazy, hai wc could not V(^ • rt\\\i* WjnJuj. On the twenty cigh'.h wc fa* th« Advemure' ibwtlive miles to iceward, and wc kept company with krtiil the ni^ht of the tweniy-ninth, when ll>e difap pnrcii, nor did wc fee her at day-light. 'Ghcrloriii No. 17. '^ •'■ ;« Sound was the appointed place of rendezvous ; and as wc had feparated from the Adventure, we were obliged to make for it, othcrwifc Capt. Cook would have fought a fupply of wood and water further fouth. Wc Rood to the caf^ward, in hopes of meeting with the Adven- ture. On the fccond of November the morning was very clear, and we kept a fharp look-out for the Ad- venture ; but as wc could not fee her, we judged flic was got into the Sound. We accordingly made for the fliore of Eakcinoniauwe. In doing which we difco- vercd an inlet, which the captain had never obfcrved before, on the call fide of Cape iccrewhitte. We an. chored in twelve fathoms water, at theentranci: of this inlet; and feveral of the inhabitants came on board, who were extravagantly fond of nails. Wc lan up into Ship Cove on the third of November, wl'er . we cx- peifted to fee the Adventure, but were dil'appoii.icJ. I fere we were obliged to unbend tiic fails, which had been very much dam.-igcd in the late llorms. Several people came on board, who rcniciubcrcd t!ic Endea- vour when on this Coalt, particularly an old mani.illcd Goubiah. The empty callts were ordered on (bore, and the ncceflary repairs both to them .ind the (hips wcreor- dered robe made. Wc were unfuLcefsful in our fiibing parties, who caught no fi(h, but were well fupplied by the natives with th.it ufeful article. On opening the bread faflis, we found a great deal of it dam.iged \ that which remained good wc baked over again, in or* der to prcferve it. On rriday t?ic fifth, one of the natives took ah op- portunity of ftealing one of the Teamen's bag of cloaths, which, with fome difficulty, wc recovered. This made oiir people more cautious in future. We found one of the (ows which Capt. Furneaux had put on Ihorc, and Were informed that the boar and other fow were taken tcJ another part, hut not killed. We were mortified very much when we heard that old Goubiah had killed the two goats which Captain Cook put on fliore, and were ccncerned to think that our endeavours to \\ofe went with ihem. Some of t)iem returned in a day or two, and fupplied us with flih. " On Monday, the fifteenth, We made a patty to the ftrM^irDroheof the hills, in order to look for the •"■ i'O' Advcn- ':-: m t.-'l i \\m 'It'-' M MM i ,.1'- ■ ''4 %}i mm 1 1'i r;t.' i^mti u iM ', ' 1 '•' m m\ 146 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. vmi: 1' ..J.* Adventure, but were difappointed, and totally at a lof* to know what wai become of her. When w« re- turned, the natives were collcded round our boat, to whotp we made fome prefents, and went on board. We were very well fupplied with fi(h during our ftay here. On the twcnty-fccond we took one boar and three fows, together with fome cocks and hens, into the woods, where we left them with provifion fufficient for ten or twelve days, with hopes that the natives would not dif- covcr them till they had bred. Our officers having vi' lued the dwclling-pKicesoffcveral of the natives, found fome hi'inan bones, from which the flefli appeared to be lately taken ; and on the twenty -third, they being on iliorc, faw the head and bowcU of a youth, lately killed, lying on the beach; his heart was fluck on a fork, and fixed at the fore part of one of the largeft ca- noes. The head was bought, and brought on board, where one of the natives broiled and eat it before the whole fliip's company, and the light made fcveral of them lick. Ocdidce, whom we had brought with us, exprefTed his horror at this tranfadtion in terms which it is impofliblc for us to dcfcribe. It is certain that the New Zcalanders arc caiinibals, w+iich this circuinftancc fully proves ; but from all \ye could learn, they only eat the flclli of thofe llain in battle. This youth had fallen in a Ikirmifh with fome of the natives, as well as fcveral others ; but how many, or what was the caufe of the quarrel, we could not learn. Our crew had for 3 months paft lived almort wholly on frefli provilions and vegetables ; and we had, at this tinie, neither a fcorbutic nor lick perfon on board. Before we quitted the Sound, we left a nKmorandum, fettiMmcdifii<.-ulty that »c could kcrpoJ hats upon our heads. Thtle pco])le feeined to umlrrJ (!and the ufc of a muikct, ana to be very nwch atraiJ of it. Here were fcveral piantationt of potatoes, fugarl canet, and plantains t but otherwife the country np paired barren and without wood. Wc found a well ( brackilh water» and faw (brae fowls. At the nativd did not J*«vr ■'■; .1* COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for maktog Di/iavtriu in the SoufA Seas ficRouftd the ff^orAi. 1 47 ^M to extmine it 1 tod C«pt. Cook remained ©n (horc Jmonit the nativei. An advantageou* trade for potatoci ^opened, but foon put • ftop to by the owners of the fdot from whence they were dug. It feemi that they y ftolen thefe potatoes 1 for they all ran away at his ooroich. From this circumftance it is pretty evident ttat they «re not more ftridlly honeft amongft them- felva than to ftrangeri. This reconnoitrii>g party were fcllowed by a crowd of natives j and before they had oroceeded far, they were met by a middJe-a^d man, ,ith his f«e painted. • He had a fpear in hi» hand, «,d walked along wiih him, keeping his countrymen «ad!ft*nce, that our people might receive no molef- ijonfrom them. This man was pundurcd from head ' to foot. They found the greateft part of the ifland bjrren ; though in many places there were plantations of the roots before mentioned. They met with the fuini "f 'hree platforms of ftoi«e work. On each gf thefc platforms had ftood four very laige ftatues, mideof itone, but they were now fallen to the ground, indmuch defaced. Thcfc ftatues were fifteen feet long, and fix feet broad acrofs the Ihoulders. On the hfS'of each ftatue was a round red ftonc, ofconfider- jble magnitude. Travelling on, they found in fome nlices a poor fort of iron ore, and afterwards canK to , fruitliil part of the ifland, on which were feveral oliiitations. They could get no good water in their Lrney s butthey were obliged to drink what they could pi, on account of the extremity of their thirlt. They Iwnd the natives fo addicted to theft, that they were obliged to fire fome fmalt fliot at a man, who took from them their bag of provifiona and implements. Xhc {bot hit this teltow in the back, on which he dropi^c J the bag and fell t but he Toon aterwards yot up and walked off. Some delay was occalioned by this affair. The man before mentioned ran round them and repeated feveral words, which they could not un- derhand I and afterwards they were very good friends together, no one attempting to ftcal any thing more. A number of the natives were afllmbled together on a hill at fome dillance, with fpears in their hands, but difperfed at the defirc of their countrymen. There ay- peared to be a chief among them, which wore a bettor cloth than the reft. He had a fine open countenance, and was very well made. His face was painted, and his body pundured. They met with fome pretty frefli water towards the caftern end of this illand, but it was rendered dirty by aculloin which t\v: inhabitants have of wafliing themfclves in it as foon as they have drank. Let the company be ever fo large, the firft that gets to the wcii nimps into the middle of it, drinks his fill, and waihcs himfclf all over j the next does the fame, and fo on till all of them have drank and wafhed. Great numbers of the gigantic ftatues, before de- fcribed, are to be fcen on this part of the ifland ; one of which they mcafurcd, and found it to be twcnty- f'.ven feet long, and eight feet broad acrofs cheftioulders. One of thefe figures, of an aftonifhing height, bring tjinding, it afforded (hade for the whole party to dine under, which confifted of thirty perfons. Many gained the fummit of a hill, but could not fee any bay or creek, nor difcovcr any figns of frelh water. They re- turned to the fliip in the evening. No ihrubs worth mentioning were found in this excurfion, neither did they fee an animal of any fort, and but very few birds. Thry could not difcovcr any thing in the whole ifland to induce fhips, in the utmoft diflfcfs, to touch at it. C H A P. V. fit Rifolutim Jails frtm Eafler JfiMnd h the Mdrquffas—Tranfaffims and incidents -while fie lay in Re/olution Bay, in the dtndofSl. CbriJIina— Departs fnm the Mturqitard, that his orders were not diftin'flly heard, and the poor thief was killed at the thud Ihot. The refl that were in the canoe leaped overboard, but got in again jufl as Capt. Cook came up to them, and threw overboard the itanchion. Une of the men fat laughing as he laded the blood and water out of the boat, but the other looked ytty fcrious and dcjeded. We after- wards hadrcafon to think that the father of the latter , had been fhot. The natives retired with great precipi- tation at this unhappy accident ; but cheir tears were in fome ineafure allayed by the captain's following ihein into the bay, and making them prel'cnis. We found frefti water afhore, which we very much wanted. One would have imagined that the fatality attending one poor fellow's thieving, would have difcoureged them from making any more attempts of the like nature; but no fooner was our kedge anchor out, but two men came from the fliore, wanting to take away the biioy, not knowing what was faftcned to it. Left they fhould take away the buoy, a ihot was tired, which fell (hort ; of them : of this they took not the leaft notice ; but , when another was fired, which went over their headi, they inftantly let go the buoy, and returned to the fhore. This laft fhot had a good effe<^ ; for by this they faw that they were not fafc at any diftance, and they were ever afterwards much terrified at the fight of the mufket. However, they ftill continued to practice their art of thieving 1 but it was judged better to Sut up with it, as we did not intend making a long ay here. A man who had the appearance of a chief came off to us with a pig upon his fhoulder t he was prefcnted with a hatchet in return, and afterwards great Bumbsrs «-v4Bfe. ON Wcdnefday, the 1 6th of March, we took our departure fromEaftcr Ifle. and ftecred for the Marquefas iflandi, intending to make fome Day there if iwnhing material intervened. On the 6th of Apnl, we difcovered an ifland. when we were in latitude oJfg. aomin.and longitude i3ldeg. i4min. we were about nine leagues dilTance from il. We foon difco- nrcJ another, more extenfive than the foimer, and prcfcntly afterwards a third and a fourth ; thefe were tlic Marquefas dilcovered in 1 595 by Mendaita. After various uiifuccefsful trials to come to an anchor, we cimc at laft before Mcndana's port, and anchored in thit./four fathoms water, at the entrance of the bay. Srvrral canoes appeared, filled with natives, but it uas with fome difijculty they were perfuaded to come along. f;iic; they were at laft induced by fume fpike nails and 1 hatchet. From thefe people we got fome fifti and fruit. Great numbers of them came along-fide next morning, and brought with them one pig, fome bread- fruit ami plantains, for which they received nails, &c. Wc often detedled them in keeping our goodn, and making no return s which pradice was not put a ftop ID till Capt. Cook fired a mulket-ball over the head of one man. who had repeatedly fervcd us fo. We wanted to get farther into the bay. and accordingly fought after I convenient place to moor the (hip in. When Capt. Cook faw there were too many natives on board, he dc- firedthat they might be well looked after, or they would ceruinly commit many thefts. £efore the captain was vdl got into the boat, he was told that a canoe, with fixne men in hei) were making off with one of the iron ilanchiooi from the oppoflte gangway. The cap. ttin immeditteljr ordered them to Are over the canoe, J! i^ Bii > iji ,:-;'n .'11 5 1, III Hi i ^\\- ■■■■ --A hm ill WJ j \\-\\ i.i I- • ^ is i JiJ- '" 148 Capt. cook's voyages C O M P L E t' K. numbers of the natives came along-fidc, and carried on fome traffic*. Peace being now eftabliflicd, another party of men were fent afliorc. The natives received us civilly, and we got a fupply of water, as well as fome hogs and fruit. On the 9th, another party went alhore, and were met by a chief of fome confequence, attended by fcveral of the natives. Prefents were made to him ; but wc could not prevail on him to return with us to dinner. In the afternoon another party wai made to the fouthern cove, which came to the houfe that belonged to the man we had killed. His fnn ii^c- ritcd his fubftancc, which confifted of five or lix pigs ; but he fled at our approach. We (hould have been glad to have feen him, as wc wanted to convince hmi that we bore the nation no ill-will, though wc killed his father, and to have made him fome prcfctits by.way of a fmall compcnfation. We colledled a good many pigs and other refrefliments this day, and returned on board in the evening. Wc alfo obtained feveral pigs from the diflerent canoes that came along-lide of ■us on the lOth indant ; and by this time we had a fuf- iicient number to afford the crews a frefh meal. A party was made on this day, which was fuccefsful iit thepurchafe of fcveral more nigs, and a large quantuy of fruit. We had now a fine profpeift of getting a fupply of all manner of rcfrelhmcnts; but our expec- tations were frudrated, by fome of our crew having been on (hore, and felling them fuch articles as they had never before feen, uhich made the futives defpife the hatchets and nails, which before they fo much prized. As this was the cafe, and we had much need of refreflimrnt, having been a long time at fca, it was determined to remove our quarters, and make fail for Otahcitc, hoping to fall in with fome of thofe iflands difcovered by the Dutch and other navigators, whcr; our wants might be efTedhjally relieved. We had Ijecn nineteen weeks at fea, living the whole time <:^)on fnlt proviflons, and therefore could not but want fome re- frefliments ; yet we mufl own, with grateful acknow- Icdgements to goodnefs fuprcme, that on our arrival here, itcouldlcarcelybcfaid wc had one Tick man, and but a few who had the leaf\ complaint. This Capt. Cook. attributed to the number of antifcorbutic articles on board, and to the great attention of the furgcon, who was very careful to apply them in time. On Mon- day, the nth, at three 6'clock, we weighed from St. Chriflina, and flood over for La Dominica, and the night was fpcnt in plying between the two iflts. On the 1 2th, we fleered to the S. and at five P. M. Rcfo- lution Bay bore E. N. E. half E. diflant five leagues, and the ifland of Magdalena about nine leagues, which was the only view we had of it. But we fhall now in our narrative return to the Mar- quefas. Thefe arc five in number, namely, La Mag- dalena. St. Pedro, La Dominica, Santa Chriflina, and what we named Hood's Ifland, which is the northern- molT, in latitude 9 deg. 36 min. S. Its breadth is un- equal, and it is about 16 leagues in circumference. The I'urfacc is full of ru>;ged hilts rifing in ridges, which are disjoined by deep valleys cloathed witn wtxxl, as arc the fides of fome of the hills; theafpeftis, however, barren; yet it is neverthelcfs inhabited. St. Pedro is about three leagues in circuit, and lies fouth four leagues and a half from the calT end of La Dominica. Cnrif- tina lies under the fame parallel, four leagues more to the wefV. This iflc is nine miles in length, and about twxntv-one in circumleretKe. Thefe iflands occupy one degree in latitude, and nearly half a degree in lon- gitude, namely, fiom i:,8ik'g. 47 min. to 139 deg. 13 min. W. whic h is the iongitude of the well end of IXoniinica. ' The {Hirt of Mad rede Dios, which was named Re- fotiitipn Bay, is fifiMtcd not far from the middle of the 'v.c\\ fide nt St, Thrillina, under the higlicll land in the ifland. The fouth point of the hay is a llctp rock, ter- min!»tinp in a |>eakrd hill. The north point is not fo high, and rifes in n more gentle Hone. In the l>ay arc rwx> fjndy coves ; in each of whicn is a 'ivuict of ex- ('elUnt water. lor wootling and « atcrinjr, the northern eove i* moll convenient. Wc faw here the little caf- cade mentioned by Quiroi, Mendana's pilot. \^^.. village is in the other cove. ' "" 1 The produiflions of fholl: iflfs, vthich cntne u 1, our knowledge, arc nearly the (amc as at the Sn- " Illcs, namely, liogs, fowl?, |>lant:iiiis. vams. .im) r"''' other roots ; alfo bread Innt and cocoa.i,I,t's h^ thefe not in abundani-e. TriHes hij;hly valu-d u" f Society Klcs, arc lightly elleenicd here, and even nvi at lafl, in their opmion, loll their value. ''• The native*, in general, are the finell rare of n« 1 in this fea. They furpafs all other nations fori), and regular features. The otlinity of their l,in,-uir ""^ thatofOtaheite, and the Society Illcs. Ihc«, thinV are of the fame nation. Oed/dre roirlil convrrfei ' them, though wc could niu. Tlie inni aic a.rin! a' tattoawcd, fmm head to loot, with \arwm (•.-nVf, l feem to be directed nmrc by f,.ncy than by cui'll " Thefe pundures caufe the Ikin to appear of ^ Hi' hue ; but the women who are not much pundiircd a i youths who arc not at all, areas lair as fome 1- jicans. The men are about five (eet fix inches hiT but m)ne of them were fat and liiflv like the Harcr f Otaheite, yet wc faw not any ih« could h^. .!, , meagre. 1 heir eyc^ are neither lull nor lively . ii, teeth not fo good as thofeof other nations, am'lth'^ hair is of many colours, except red. .Sonic hjv '" long: themofl prevailing cuflom is to wearit ihr -'^ but a bunch on each fide of the crown thry tn- ■'' ' knot. In trimming their beards, which is in ,,„!", long, they oblcrve different nitxics: fome pit r an 4 tic It in two buiKhcs under the ch.n j fome plait it f wear it loofc, and others quite fhoir. 1 heir t hnVl] is much the fame as at Otahcitc, but not lorond '^^ in fuch plenty. The men, for the moll pait cov ^ their nakednefs with the Marra. whu h is a Iji-i oi ,1 ,,? pafTed round the waifl, and between the K^j 1 1 ' limplcdrefs is quite lufhcicnt for modei'y, and therj" mate. The women wear a piece of doth kiimhI t'c' loins, like a petticoat, reaching Ik low the niuUtIc (f their legs, and a loofe mantle over their (liouidcr Their hi ad drels. and what f'ccms u> be their prim. , ,1 ornament, is a broad filler. m.ide cuiiouQyol 'he hl)V of the hufks of cocoa-nuts in the front of whuh ,■ placed a mother-of-pearl fliell, wrought round 10 ih.- fize of a rea-faucer. Near this is one fnullfr. „rvr,„ line tortoifcfliell, perforated in t urious figiiies j .nui { the center is another mund piece ol motlur-olpr .,1^ alwut thefizcof hnlfacrown; Nfore whuh isanl ■ >"i >ji iV: 1 i ' ^ COOK'S SECON D VOYAGE — for tnzking Difiovtries in the i^iout/b Seas & Uound the H^orU. 1 49 i£l, were equally dirty ; but the adtiont of ■ few in- J,idu»Ii are not lufficicnt to fix a cudom on a whole lion. Their weapon* are club* and fpears. They tsi «ifo fl'"g» *'"•' ^•'''^'^ **"}' , the natives were feen indifferent places armed with long fpears and clubs, and a group of them were obferved on one fide of the creek. As n. y Ihewed fome ligns of a friendly diinoli"""' •*° ''^" ^"^ '^"* alhorc well armed. under the command of Lieutenant Cooper, who was 1 tompanicd by Mr. Forftcr. We faw our people land uthout any oppofition from a few natives Handing on ihethore; but perceiving, a little time after, fortv or fittv, all arircd, coming down to join them, wc ftood dolcr in ftiore, with the view of fupporting our people 1(1 cafe they ftjould be attacked ; but our boat returned »ithout any thing of this kind having happened. By Mr. Cooper we were infornKd, that many of the na- tives hovered about the (Icirts of the wood with fpears In [heir hands ; and ihat the prefents he made to thofe on lliore were .'•'••• ' with great coolncfs. When iheir reinforcement .rnvcd, his party thought it moft pniJcnt to embark, efpecially as the captain had or- dcred them to avoid, if poflible, an attick. When the crew, &c. were all in the boats, fome of the na- tives attempted to pufh them ofl", other* feemcd dif- pofcdto detain them } at length they fulfercd our peo- ple to depart at their Icifure, One of them procured a dogforafingle plantain, which led u* to conie. VV. by W. two leagues from the wefl end of Tiookea, in 14 deg. 37 min. S. latitude, and in 14$ deg. 10 min. W. lon- gitude. Thefe we apprehend to be the fame, to which Commodore Byron gave the name of George's Iflands. Wc left them on the 19th, and at fcven o'clock A. M. difcovered another of^thefe half-overflowed iflands, which are fo common in thcfe fouthern latitudes. In general they arc furroOnded with an unfathomable fea, and their interior parts are covered with lakes, which would be excellent harbours, were they not (hut up from the accefs of fliipping, which, according to the report of the natives, is the cafe with mod of them. Of the great number wc ranged, not a paflTage was to be difcovercU Mto one of them. Wc were told, that they abound with filh, particularly tunic, on which the .i^tives fubfifl, and fometimcs exchange with the inhabitants of the higher iflands for cloth, &c. This ifland, (by which, v 'iilc in this part of the ocean, wc would be undcrfloud to mean a number of little ifles. or illnts, conncfled together into one by a reef of coral rorks) is about five leagues long, and three broad, and is in 15 deg. 26 min. S. latitude, and in 146 deg. 10 min. longitude. Near the fouth end wc difcovered from the mafl head, (tiflant four leagues, another of thcfe low ifles ; fuon after a third, bearing S. V/. by S. It extends W. N. W. and I'', S. E. in which direaion its length is twenty- one miles, but its breadth not more than fix. It appears, in every refpedt, like the reft, only it has fewer iflots, and lefs firm land on the reef which furrounds the lake. While rangingthcnorthcoafl', we faw people, huts, camics, and what appeared to be ftages for drying of fifli. The natives were armed with the fame weapons, and ficmed to be the fame fort, as thofe in the ifland of Tiookea. Approaching now the wefl end we faw a fourth ifland, bearing N. N. El, It lies fix leagues weft from the firfl. Thefc four cluftcrs we named Pallifcr's ifles. in honour of Sir Hugh Pal- lifer, comptroller of the navy. On Wcdncfday the 20th, at day -break, haufing round the weft end of the third ifland, wc found a great fwell rolling in from the S. by which we knew that we were dear of thefe low iflands ; and being not within fight of land, wc made the hefl of our way for Otaheite, hav- ing a ftrong gale at eafl, attended with (howcrs of rain. It IS here neceflary to take notice, that this part of the ocean, from the latitude 10 deg. down to 1 2 deg. and from the meridian of 138 deg. to 150 dcg. w! is fo flrewed with low ifles, thit a navigator cannot proceed with too much circumfpeAion ; but whether thefc ifles be any of thofe difcovered, and laid down in the charts of the LXitch navigators, cannot be determined with any degree of certainty; •fpecially when wc confider, that their difcoverics are not handeit down to us with fuflicient accuracy. Thurfday, the i ifl, wc made the high land of Otaheite ; by fun-fet was in with Point VenQs, and the next morning, at eight o'clock, an- chored in Matavai Bay, in fevcn fathoms water. Our arrival was no fooner known to the natives, than they paid us a vifit, expreired the mofl lively con^tula- tions, and fupplicd us with fifli and fruit fufKcient for the whole crew. Our firft bufincfs was to ereft tents for the reception of fuch of our people as were required on Diorc. Sick wc h.vl none, for the refrcfliments we got ;it the Marquefas, had been the means of removing every complaint of the fcorbutic kind, and of pre- fervmg the whole crew in good health. Wc alfo fent aflwre Mr. Wales's inflruments ; our chief rcafon for putting into this place being to afford him an oppor- . tunity to afcenain the error of the watch by the known longitude, and to determine prccifcly it* rate of going. On Sunday, the a4th, Ocoo and other chiefs, with a train of attendants, brought us ten large hogs, befides fruit, which made their vilit exceedingly agreeable. As aP the 1 * i;1 ,1' / !''■ ' '■'■i'lr I, ¥i\ 't»\ ■^ ..jir^lii 111 11 >'■■ {\ « » ill 1; wm «. '3 U.- ' **■ I :i '^•-i m ^!;. -Ki «;S3 Capt. C O O K'l V O V A G E S COMPLETE. ! f )i \ ■: .iHi the king's coming had been announced to us, and know- ing how much it was our intcrcft to keep this chief our friend, Capt. Cook T.ct him at the tents, and condudkd the whole of this retinue, with himfclt, on board, where they Ihid dinner, and appeared *^'ghly pleafcd with their reception. Next day, notwithrtanJmg wc had much thunder, liphtning, and rain, th<- kinp came again to lee us, and brought with him another prcfcnt, confifting of a large quantity of fcfrcPiments. When jit Amilcrdam, wc had tt)llcckd, among other curio- fitics, foiiie red parrot feathers. Thife prec.ous va- luables procured us hogs, fruit, and every othc thmg the ilfend arifordid. Our having thcni was a forturuitc circumtlance ; for our flock in trade being greatly cx- haufted, without thefe we f'.ould have found u difli- cult to have fupplied the fliip with necefl"jr> rcfrelh- ment.. When wc put into this ifland, we intended to ftay no longer .'n.vi Mr. Wales had made the mcclljcy obfervations for the purpofcs already mentioned j and fupporing we fhould meet with no better fucccfs than vc did the laft time we were here. Rut the reception we had already met with, and the few excurlions we had made to the plains of Matavai aiid Oparree, con\ inccd 11- of our error ; for at thefe two places wc found builr. and building, a large n-.riber of canoes and houles ol every kind : people liviilg in fpacious howfis, uho had not a place to flielter hemfelves in ei;;ht months b*-- ^ fore ; alfo feveral hogs in every houfe, «ith many c. '.icr fignsof a rifing ftate. On account of thefe favourable circumflanccs, wc rcfolved to inake a longer Iby at this ifland, and to repair the lliip, which was now m- difpenfably neceF'ry. Accordingly the empty cafks and fails were got afliore, the Hup wa« ordertH to bis caulked, and the rigging to be ov.rhauled. On Tuefday, the a6th, Capt. Cook, accompanitd ty fonie of the officers and gentlemen, went ddwn to Oparree, to vifit Otoo by appointment. When ainvr .i, we f.iw a number of large canoes in motion, but were mudft furprifed at perceiving more than three hundred ranged along fliore, «ll completely cquippid and ...lanned ; bcudes a vail nunibcr of armed nun upon the fhorc. Wc landed in the midft of ihem, and were received by a vafl multitude, fome under arm-., and fomc not. The cry of the former was Tiyoiio Towha, and of the latter was Tiyo no ()t(X). Towha, we afterwards learnt, was admiral, or comman.'cr of the fleet. Upon our landing we were mei by a chief, named Tec, uncle to the king, of whom we entjuircd for Otoo. Soon after \.e were nut by Towha, \Mio re- ceived us in a friendly manner. He 'ook t:apt. Cook by the one hand, and Tee liy the other, and dra^'ged him, as it were, through the cro"d '.hat was divided into two parties, both of which proilaimed i!iemf«!v^» his friends, by crying /Ut Tiyo ivo Tv,otee. One party wanted him to go to Otc" and the other to riniain with Towha. When come to the ufual place of au- dience, Tee left us togoand briiig the king. Towba imfiflcd on the captain's going win him, but he would not confent. When Tec returned, he took hold of his hand in order to condud him to the king. Towha was unwilling he fliould fit down, and deHred hiin to go whh him i b«it this chief being a (Iranger, he rctufed to comply. Tee waa »cry dcfirous of candu(iling tlie cap- tain to the king ; Towha oppofed, and he was obliged to ilefire Tee to d'-fill, and to le.ive lum to the idmiral and his party, who conducled iiim down to the fleet. Here wc found two lines of armed men drawn up be- fore the adnjiral's vcfFel, in order to keep off the crowd that wc might go on board j and wlitn the captain made an excufe, a man fquattcu down, and offered to carry him, buthe wmikl lOt go. At this time Towha quitted us, w ithout our feeing which way he went, nor would any one inform us. Wc were iu)w jollied about in the crowd. We law Tee, and inquiring of him for the king, he told us he was gone into the country of Ma- taou, and he advifed us lu repair to the boilt, which wc accordingly did, asfoonas we could j^et colleitled to. gethci. Wlicn in our boat wc took our tiiiic to recon- noitre ihc grand fleet. We told an hundred and lixiy large double canoes, equipped, manned, and aimed i k:t we believe they had not their full coi„pic„H.,u of rowers. The chiefs ami all thofc on the finhti llages^ rtcrc habited m cloth, turbans, bread tiai "^ and helmets. Some of the hitter letmed tiiiicli Yj m' cumber the wearer. Ik this ai it may. the «hoie a their drels added a graiuleur to the profpccl, and tli were fo complaif.mt as »o (Ik w themrcKos u, tl,c |,',4 Their veircls were full drclFcd witn lu .It advantage , __^^ Iheamers, &c. {'o that the whole fleet made 'fut'if' noble appearance, as wc had never IkIoic fccn * this lea, and what no one could have cxpc»iud 'ji "' inflruments of war were clubs, (peais, and liom!' 1 he vellels weic ranged clofc along lidc ol each oili' ' having their heads to the (hoie, and their Iknistot'lc fea. Theadmiial's vtflcl was nearly m tliecciuir \\. counted, extlulive ot the vends of war, an "tiimJad and ftventy fail of linallcr double canoes ill n,, < with mail ;ind fail, which the war catHii-s' |„^|",^,' Ihefe we judged were deligned lor tranf(x)ris, vicm' allcrs, cVc. for in the war canoes were no loits of nrj' vilions whatever. We conicJlurcd ihat in ii.iic /, ^ " luindied and thirty vellels' here were no IcG Uw, Itvtil thoufand Itvcn hundred and fixiy incn, a nuiulxr ip credibli-, elJKCially as wc were told they ail bilo.w to the dillrich of Attaliourou and Ahop.itea. hliu^i the gentlemen, by their calculations, thought il.c num berof men l>elongin^. to the war canoes extccticl t', ' allowing' to each war taijoc forty men. and to Qthoi the fmall canoes eight. Having vituid ihis !;„■, ,, was our intention to have gone on boaid, touM «,■|^^J fcLii the admiral. We enquired for him, but to no [.ui*^ pofe. At kill Tee came, by whom we wire i nnt.i that Otoo was gone to Matuvai. Thi. mnllij.cih i wj; '. rife to new coojecUires. U tien we got to M.iuv.i, „ur friends told us, that this fleet was p.ut o( the j|,„j ment intended logo againll lumto, whole itinl lui tIiro\»n otV the yoke ot Otaheite. We were lliil at 4 ]oC< toaccoint lor the flight of Otoo from Op.iira l„r we were intorined he neither was nor h.ul bitn at M . r«vai. We thcrrforc went thither again in the aiit,' noon, where >vc found him, and learnt, that the m'. fon of Ills ahfconding in the morning was. tniaulc luil'c of his people had Hole fomc of the captains clotha which were waflting at the tents, and lu leatcd rdlitu tion would be demanded. He repeatedly alk.d Cant Cook If lie waa not angry, nor could he lie calv nil j|" fuicd, that the piltereis might keep the llolen ihim.i Towha a.lo was alatmed, thinking that Capt. Look x'ai difpleafed, and jealous of fiemg fiich a toice lo neai us without knowing its dciljnation. It happened unlutkii/ that tVdidee was not with us in the morning 1 for i it who was the only man we could de()entl on. Icrvcd ra- ther to mcrcafc our perplexity. Thus by niutu.il mil- underllanding, wc loft a favourable opportuiiitv of kiutim/mg tlic naval force of thia i(le, and iiukiiiK ourlelvcs better acquainted with its iiiaiinruvics. It was commanded by an intelligent and brave ihiil. who was difpoletl to have latufied us in all qucllions wc li.ul thought prupcr to a(k j and from the nature ol the ub. jecls, which were before . 'I here wai a jcalouly bitwicn tlu:ic two chiefs, on what account wc could jiot Icmi, IKVU- .-•■AilUt. COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE—for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the World. 151 ffthcKrs Otoo paid Towiia much rcfpely provilions, but (bniei't the moft choice curiofitics of the ifland, and a'mmi; other returns, with which they fcemed well nlcaltd. the captain did not forget to rcpiy the civi- |i,,es we h..>- 'eceived from the admiral, Towlia. Wc niintnot omit taking notice, that the preceding cven- I , one of the natives was detected in an aiiempt to ItMi a calk from the watering place, and bring caufht in the act, he was fcnt on board, and we put him in irons. Oto<) and J.:- "''"•r chiefs faw the culprit in this lituation, and Otoo carneftly interceded in his bchalt, rwiiclliiig with many intreaties, that he might he let at liberty ; but he was told by Opt. Cook, that as our ,.,!(. vvcrc punifhcd for the leart offence commiiied ^iiV.ll the natives of Otthcite, it was but jufticc to punilh this man alfo, which he was determined to fee Iihucik an exemplary manner, efpccially as it was well known, he, Otoj), would not do it himleif. The man, irttcinli'quenceof the captain's rcfoUition, wascondudt- (d alliorc to the tents, where a guard was ordered out en kr arms, and the ofltender tied up to a (wft, Otoo, h . lilWr, and many of the natives being fpeiflators. Oto<( ami his fiftcr begged hard for the man i with whom the captain expollulated. tellmg Otoo, how un- jull it was in his people to ftcal from us who were their mends, and who never took any thing from them with- out giving certain articles, which he enumerated, in tirhange. The captain laboured alfo to convince 0(00, that the puniihmcnt he was about to inHid on this man might prove the means of faving the lives ofoiheriof his luhjetilsj for if they continued in fuch IiiikI of criminal pradicM, fome would certainly, one time nr another, be Ihot dead. Wc believe he pretty '.kII underrtood our commander, and feemed fatisfied, only he dt rued the criminal might not h.- Mattcerou, (or kdlid.) The concourfc of people was by this time very great. The captain therefore drew a line lor them at a proper diflance, and then, in the prefence ot them all, ordered the fellow two dozen of lalhes wiiha cat-o nme-taili. Thischaftifement he receive!' with great firmncfs, and was then fet at liberty. Upim this the natives were going av.ay, apparer.iy not much picafed J which Towha perceiving, who al' th'j time had remained filent, though very attentive to every ihirtL' going on, he fteppcd forward, and haran- gued them for near half an hour, in rtiort (cntcnccs. V/e iindcrllotxl little of his fpecch, but from what wc could gather, it was a recapitulation of Capt. Cook's ; he mentioned fevcral advantagei they had reccivctl from our people ; and having reprimanded them for their prcfent condud, he exhorted them to adopt and purfiie a dillcrcnt one for the future. His adion waa ;cmark- ablv graceful, and the profound attention of hi« au- dicnee, proved him to be a mafterly ffKakcr. Otoo laid not one word. When Towha had concluded his harangue, the irurinei were ordered to go through their cxercife. They lircd in vollics with ball, and W\ng very quick in charging, and in their matuK^u- vrcs, is it fcarcely pofliblc to defcribe the altonilhinent ol :he nativei during the whole time, particularly the iiiuzcmcnt ofthoi'cto whom thii light was quite a novelty. The chiefs with all their retinue, now took leave, we are apt to think not Icfs frightened than pleafcd at what they had fcen. In the evening Mr. Forftcr and his party returned from an exciirlion they had midc to tl e mountains, where they had fpcnt the nii>ht. Mr. Forfter collcded fome new plants, and found others which grew in New Zealand. He faw the illand of Huaheine. fituated forty leagues to the weft- ward ; whereby a judgment may be formed of the hcij^ht of the mountains of Otahcite. On Satu<-day the ^otU, wc faw ten war canoes go through part ofrhcir paddling excrcife. They were [properly equipped for war, and in'landing weoL!ervcd, that the moment the canoe touched the ground, all the warriors leaped out, and v.ith the alTiltance of a few people on Ihore, dragged the canoe on dry land to ils proper place ; which done, every one walked off with ins paildle, &c. Such was their expedition, that in five minutes time after putting afliorc, nt) one could tell that any tiung of the kind lad been going forward. The warriors on the ftage encour.iged the rowers to exert thrmfelves, and wc obkrvcd luine youths in the curved lltrn elevated above the nit, wiih white wands in their hands, placed there perhaps to look out, and give no- tice ot what thev faw. The king's brother Tarevatoo, knowing that Mr. Hodges made drawings of every tiling curious, intimated of his o*n accord, that he iiunlit be lent loi ; and thus an opportunity was un- cxpccVedly affordid our diaughtfman, to collect ma- lerials tor a pidureof the Otahcite Heer, as it appcares whi ii alfembUd at Oparree. Being prcfent when the w I iiors undfclTid, we could fcarcely conceive how it was p(i|Ii[)lc for them to Itand under the quantity of cloth wuh which they were chd, in ti'.ne of action. Many rounds of thiscompoled a kind of turban or cap, which, m the day of l)att!c, might prevent a broken head, and loroe liy way of ornament, had fixed to thefc caps dried branches of fmall Ihrubs, interwoven with white leathers. On Sunday the il^ of May, fcveral chiefs fupplied us with a large quantity ofprovifions; and the day foUow- ingour friend 'I'owhalcnt us a prcleiu ot a hug, and a boat loaded with various Ions of fruit and roots. Wo received alfo another urefent from Oroo, brought by Tarevatoo. On the 3d, uixm examining into the con- dition of our proviftons, we found our bifcuit much dftayed, and that the airing wc had given it at New Zealand was not of the fervice wc expected -, wc there- fore were now obliged to have it on Ihore, where it underwent another airing and picking, in doing which wc found a great part thcreot wholly rotten and unlit forufc. Wc attributed thi3 decay of our bread to the ice we frequently took in, which made the hold damp and cold, which, when to the north, was fu» cceded by a contrary cxtrcmeof intenfe heat ; but whatever was the real caufe of our lofs, it put us to a fcanty allowance of this valuablearticle, and we had l\id bread to cat belidcs. Jn Thurfday the 5th, in the afternoon, the botanifts made anc.th. . xcurlion up the country, to the moun- tains j they reiurned the evening of next day, and in iheirway made fome new difcoveries. On Saturday the 7th, in the morning, wc linind Otoo at the tents, of whom the captain alkcd leave to cut down fome ticcs for fuel. He took him to lome growing near the lea fliorc, the better to make liim comprehend what fort wc wanted j and he feemed much pleafcd when he undcrllood, that no trees ftiould be cut down that '-,.c any kind of fruit. I'his affurance from us ho repeated fevcral times aloud to the people about ua. In the altcrntxin we were honoured, when on board, with a vilit from the whole royal family, cunlilling of Oiou, his father, brother, and two fillers : but this was proper- ly her father's vdit, who brought the captain a com- plete mourning drefs, a prcfent he mucli valued i fir which he had in return whatever he d»'ircd, which was not a little I and to the rell of the company weie prc- fcntcd red feathers. '! he whole were then londuiltcd alhorc in the captain's boat. Otoo and his friends were fi) well pleated with the reception they met with, that, at parting, wc were granted the libcity ol cutting duwQ ! nm^^ 1 1' ft 1%vj. , if- Ml iVa >) tH j|i I I ft>l T I' ' ' mil ll ^ it M ™^iHi'ilii| '^\% -v^sy^!^-' •52 Capt. CO O K's V O V A G L S COMPLETE. down «s many trees as we wanted, and what Ibi t wc plcnfed. On Sunday the 8th, our friendly conncdions with the natives were mtcrnipred by the negligence of one of - our centineis at the tents, who had his muiket carried away, he having flcut or quitted his port. We had received an iin(.)erfeA Account of this affair from Tee, but wc undcrftood enough to know that fomething had happened, which alarmed the king, whoTeefaid, was under great apprehenlions of being mattceroued. We therefore loft no time in going afliore j and when land- ed were informed of the whole tranfaiition by the fer- jeant who commanded the party. Moft of the natives had tkd at our approaching the tents. Tarcvatoo Dipt from us m a moment, and a fcwbefides Tee had courage to remain. We went immediately in fearch ofOtoo, and in the way endeavoured to allay the fears of the people. Having advanced fome diftance from the rtiore into the country. Tee on a fuddcn ftoppcd, and ndvifcdour returnuig, faying, he would proceed to the inounuins, whither Otoo had retired, and inform him that we were ftill hisfriends ; a quellion, and if wc were angrv, that had been alked a number of times by the nntives. The captain now thought it was to no pur|X)rc to go farther, we thereloic took Tee's advice, and re- turned aboard. After this Oedidee was difpatched to the king, to let him know his fears were groundlcfs, feeing tlic captain required of him only what was in his power, the return of tiic mulkct. A thort time after the departure of Oedidte, we faw (ix large canoes coming round Point \'cnu,s. Sufpcding that one be- longing to thcfe had committed the theft, it was ic- iblved to intercept them, for which purpofe a boat was put olF, and another ordered to follow. One of the canoes was ahead of the reft, and feemingly tnakiiig for the fliip. We put along-fide of her, and found two or three women whom we knew. They (aid, they were going aboard the ftiip with a prefcnt to the captain, and that the other canoes were laden with fruit, hogs, &c. Satisfied with this intelligence, the captain re- called his orders for intercepting them, thinking they alli>, as well as this one, were bound for the (hip. Wc therelurc left this lingle canoe within a few yards of it, and proceeded for the fliore to fpeak w ith Otoo ; but ii|K)n landing we ftmnd he h.id not been there. Look- ing bthuid us we faw all the canoes, the one wc had left near the (hip not excepted, making off in the grcatift halle. \'cxed at being thus deceived, we utblvcd to purluc them, and as wc |)affed the fliip, Capt. Cook gave orders to lend out another boat lor the lame [>ur|)ole. We oveitook and brought five out i)f theliv alonii-fulc, but the one by which wc were outwitted got clear off. This, in which were only a feu wonun, had adually ainufed us with falfe ftones, vliilc the other, in which were moft of their effetfls, Mere to hue made their cfcapc. In one of the prizes was a fi icnil of Mr. I'orftcr's, who had hitherto called himfili aa lltrce, alio three women, hit wife, daughter, and the mother of the late Toutaha. This chief we V ould have lent to Otoo ; but he nude many cxcufes. faying, he was f)( a rank too low for fuch an honourable cmliallV; th:it he was no Earcc, but a Manahounaj that an Ivine ought to be fent to fpeak to an Karee i and that a» there were none of this high rank but Otoo and the captain, it would be much more proper t(ir the captain to go. At this time Tec and CXdidee «amc on board, and affuted us, that the man who had lloK- the nuifquct was lioin Tiaiabou ; and that we might I redit their declaration, they defircd us to frtid a iHMt t" Wahiatoua, the king of Tiarabou, oftering to go thcmlclvts in hci. and recover the mufquet. 1 his fton, though not aliogether fatisfadlory, carried with It an airot piobabiliiy i and thinking it better to drop the ah.ir altogether, the captain fuffcred Mr. FcuOei t fr efiH to depart «itli his two canoes. The other three IkIomjV'I ,ii his Iriend. He was afked. w hy he had not done th himlell. as he was dclired; he made a trifline cxcuf/ but wc thought he had not fecn Otoo. As the nativci brought not any thing to market, and a ftop was con lequently put 10 our trade with them, it was MaM time ill (pent to fend any nwrc fruitlefs iiiellicts party therefore fet out, with Tec in our company and having reached the utmoft boundaries of Oprrcc the king at laft, when wc had waited a confiderable time made his appearance. The firft falutations being over* and having taken "ur feats under the fhade o( (omc trees. Otoo dcfired the captain to paroti (or fpeak). Caa Cook began with blaming the king forgiving wiyVo groundlelii alarms, he having always profelfed him- lelf his friend, and was dirplcafed only with thofe of Tiarabou, who were the thieves. The captain was then afked, how he came to lire at the canoes? By way of cxcufe, he told them they belonged to Maritata. one of whofe people had ftolen the mufquet, and, added the captain. " If I had them in my power, I would dcrtroy them, or any other belonging to the diftria of Tiara, bou." Wc knew this declaration wouM pleafe them, from the natural avetfion the one kingdom has to the' other; and it was enforced by prefents, which we believe were the ftrongcll arguments in hvour of a n. conciliation : for alter theic weighty reafons, things were foon reftored to their former ftate. by Otoo'spro- mifing, on the word of a king, that wc fliould bcfup. (died next day with provilioos and fruit ss ufual. •eace and amity being now once more cftabliflied. wc accompanied him to his pro^Kr refidencc at Opirrce, where he obliged us with a view of fome of his dock- yards, (for fo they ma^ well be called) where we faw leveral large canoes, (oinc building, and others lately built, two of which werc'ihe largeft we hail any whete feen. Having fully gratified our curiofiiy, we repaired on Iward with Tec in our company, who, after he had duK-d with us. went to acquaint Happi, the kinv'i fa- ihei, that all diHerences were brought (o a happy con- ciulton. But we had reafun to think this old chief wai not fatiiified with die leriiisof the accommodation 1 for all the women, and thele not a fvw, wcic fent for out ol the Ihip, and the m xt morning, nofupplies whstcvcr wcie brought, and wc were obliged for the prefcnt, to be contented with fome ftait lent us by our friends from Oparree. But in the afternoon, Otoo himfelf came to the tents with a lai^ fupplyi and prefcntly after more fruit was brought us than we knew what to do with : for the natives, we believe, thoiwht thcmfclvM injured ctjually with ouifclvcsj and wc Knew they had (very i t; ,♦*•-. -«i|»t»'^ cook's second VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the Soutb Seas & Round the World. 1 53 pjinas pitaiuiv. i but iiied hiin with a fticw of lirc-worka, he exprcHcd much • (atisfadion. Wc have before had occaliun to ,t,y thing ready for our market, when they were per- ' iitcd to bring them. Otoo defiring to fee fome of "i, great guns fired, his wifli was complied with, but I light, which was entirely new, gave him as inuch 1 as pitafure ; but in t^e evening, when we cntcr- ijiii bfcrve, that thefe people were continually watching nnortiinitics to rob us; and feeing the oHcndcrs were ontinually fcreeticd, we cannot but thmk, that tlu- chiefs cither encouraged, or had not power to prevent ihicviil) practices. We thought it more extraordinary ihit they Ihould fo often attempt what they knew miuht Kift t'lc"' ''^'^"' ''^*^* ■ '*"'^ '*'*■> ^^'" knew alfo ihcy niniiid be obliged to make rc'Utuiion, if the ar lick (lolcn was of any great value. They were fully ftnliblc of thcfe confcquencer, und therefore, the ino- mciTtathcft was commitud, ever\ cue took the alarm, anJttcnr off with hi- moveables as faft as poiTible j kjUl i''- i'ticic was a trifle, or fuch as we ufually gave iheni, no conimotinii happened, bicaufe, in general, Ltllcoriio notice was takci» of it. Whether weobilccd ihcin tfUiake rcnuiition or not, the chief frtqiienily fcctci'd himfclf, and he mull be reconciled before the ptdjiif were permitted lu bring in any rcfrclliments : ,nii «carc pcrfuaded it wis by his orders the fupplics were detained from us. Thefr they imugmcd we could u)[ Jo without, not confiderinj;, that their war ca- „nts, dwellings, and even fruit, were entirely in our no*cr. l licir propcnfiiy to thieving muft be almoll iriciilh^'le, otherwilt our unitorm conduit^ towards ,h(i;i woiiUI have had as due weight : for, except de- mning their canoes (or a time, we never touched the (niallclf article of their property. When twocxtremcs itrcundi.r our conlidcration, we always chofc the molt w'.iubie and mild ; and frequently llttlcd difputts, or (Ifetid a reconciliation, by trilling prefents, notwith- itinding we were the pirty aggrieved. A prelent to a (!i;cl always fuccccdeil to our willi, and put things on 1 better looting than they had been before. In all our (iilierenccs thry were th • Hrl^ ag,;ieirors; and our [Ko- nlcvcry IclJoni infringed the rules prcfcribtd by our coiiinander. Had the captain puifucd lefs eligible m«h(xls, he might have been a lofer in the end ; for hid he dellio)eil any of the natives, or part of their propcity. all he could cx|Kv.'l would have been the rnpiv honour of obliging them to make the firll ad- iinics towards an accommodation. Nor is it certain ihij would have been the event. They were made our 6ft tiiends by three motives; their own benevolent difpoliiiOM, mild tri-atmcnt from us, and the dread of (Hir lilt- arms. I lad we not contiiuially had rccourleto the Icamd, the Itrll would have been of little ufe to un ; ciJj t(H> frequent application of (ire arms imght haxe fuitid reseiigf, [lerhaps taught iluin in a little time, (hit tluv weie not fuch terrible things as they had cwiwtd tlutn at lirO to be. They knew their (Irength in the liiperiority of their numbers, and who can lay ■ hit an enraged multitude might do by undauntedly doling »ith even an European enemy. On VVednelday, the nth, a large fupply of fruit nmcto market, and among the reft a prefent Iron. Tott'ha, the admiral; lor which (he captain made a fjitiWe return. At this time all the nccetfary repairs rf the lliip being nearly finillied, it wtis refolved to ItivcOtalieiie ill a few days; to this end every thing luiurdtid oil from the more, tliat the natives might (it »r « ere about to leave them. On the 1 ath, Obcna, »linm we had not fcen fime 1769, paid us a vilit, bringing with her hugs and fruit. Utoo nlfo came iuoii alter her, with a number of attendants, and a lirgc quantity of prr)vilion«. Capt. Cook was very gmcmusin his returns of prefents, ai^d in the evening cnimaincd them with tire-workt, thinking it might be the 111! time we might fee thefe friendly people, wiw biilfo liberally relieved our wants. On Friday, the i;ith, wc were not ready to fail, but rtic wind was favourable, and the weather fair. Oe- didce was nut yet returned from Attahouiou, and va- tioiii reports were circulated concerning him. Suntc (lid he was at Matavai \ othen, that he itttcndcd nut No. 18. to return; and there were thofe who affirmed he was at Oparrcc. With a view of difcovering the truth, a party of us rcjiaircd to Oparrce, where we lound him. 'I'owha was alfo here, who, not- withllaiuling he was aftlicled with a fwelling in his ttei and legs which had taken away the ule of them, had nevcrthelel's refolved to fee the captain be- fore he failed, and had advanced with this intent thus lar on his journey. The day being far fpcnt, we were obliged to fliorien our Itay, and after having fcen Otoo, we returned on board with Oedidee. 1 his youth, we found, was delirous of remaining at Otahcite; the captain therclorc told him he was at liberty to remain here, or to quit us at Ulictca, or to go with us to Eng- land. 'I'hat if the latter v\'as his choice, he muft look upon him as his father, as it was very probable he would never return to his own country. The youth threw his arms about his neck, .icpt nuitli, and laid, •uany of his friends perl uaded him to remain at Ota- hcite. Oedidee w.is well beloved in the lliip ; on winch account every one was peifuading him to go with us. But Capt. Cook thought it an act of the highcll iiijullice to take a pcrfon from thcl'e illcs, when there was not the kali profpcct of his returning, under any piomill; which was nnt in his posveito perform. In- deed, at this lime, it was qiiiie uiincccllary, feeing many young men oti'ercd voKintanly to go with us, nay, even to remain atid die in I'letance, as they call our countiy. Seveial of our gentlemen would have taken liinie as fervants, but Capt. Cook prudently re- jcClid e\ery fuli> itarioii of this kind, knowing, they would be :' 'i : t 'vl I'' , A " 1; WA Sff'Pi I3 '■'' ^r •54 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ftw. Otoo, at our nqucll, ordered fome of their tioops to jTQ through their cxtrcifc on (here. Two parties firrt began a baiilc with clubs j they then proceeded to lin^:le roiiibat, and exhibited the va- rious methods ot fighting with furpriling agility ; parrying oli' the t>lo«s and pulhcs witii great alcrt- ncfs and dexterity. Their arms are clubs and ("pears. In uling the club, all blows aimed at the legs, were evaded by leaping over it, and thofc deligned for the head, bv couching a little, and leaping on one fide. The fpear, which is ufed at times as a dart, was pnrried, by fixing the point of a^f^war in the ground right before them, holding it in an inclined pofition, rniire or Ids elevated, according as they faw to what part of the body their ant.igonirt intended to make a pulli, or to throw his dart at j and by moving the hand a lit- tle to the right ot left, cither the one or the other was turned olf with great eafc. Thefe combatants had no fuperfluous drels upon them. An iinncctflary [Jiece ol cloth or two which they had on when they began the combat, w ere prefently tor:i oil' by liime of the fpe>;ta- tors, and given to our gentlemen. This review being over, the Heet departed without any order, as fa i as thev could be got a-Hoat ; and Otoo conducted us to oneof his dotk-vards, where the two large pahics, or canoes, were binliling, each of which was an hundred anil eight feet long. They were dellgned to lorm one joint double canoe, ami werealmoft teady (m launch- ing. The king big;;ed of the captain a grappling and rope, to which lie adik\i au Eii.'lidi jack an.l pen- dant, and deliird the I'ahie might be called the Hii- tannia. This he readilv .igntd tn, ami Ihe was iin tin tliately fo named. When ue came to the boat, we f,)iiMd in It a hog, and a turtle of about lixiy pounds weight : lilts had been put m privately by Otoa's order, that the i h'el< about him might not be olVendetl by their bring deprived of ,\n entertainment. I lie kng woiilil likcwife have piclent J to us a laige fliark they hail piiioiui m a i itek (fome ol his (ins being cut otl toprevmt Ins ili.iping) but the excellent jniik, ond filli, with which we were luplied at this ille, had fpoiled iiiir pal.ttcs for fuch rank food. We were ac- rompamed on board by the king, and Tec, his prime miniller, who alter dinner took an alfeciionate fare- well. Otoo had importuned us the whole day, and niollearneltlv rei]utfled of u<, that we would return to Otaheite. \\lieii about to depait, he delired of the captain to permit. i youth, whom he took b> the hand, to go in the llup to .\mllerdam, in oidcr to co'lciit for him red leaihus. The youth was \ery delirous ot go- ing, but as he could not return, the captain, with the view of fatisfying Oioo, fiomiled him, that il any (hip fl>ould be fent hither from Biitain, the important article of red feathers (hould not be forgotten. I he captain, we believe, was dilpol'ed to have obliged the king; but it is to be remembered, we had rclolved to carry no one from the illis(ex( ept Ocdidec, if he ihole to go) and the captain had luft tetufed .Mr. l-'or!ler the libeii) of taking a boy with him, for reafons already mentioned. Hut if i iiriofity excited a difire in the youth ol Otuheite to go with us, the treatment we had nut with at this place had induced one of our gunners mates to 11 main at it. To this end he had furnud a plan which he knew was not to be executed with fuc ccfs while we lay in the bay j and no (iionrr were we out, the (ails fet, and the boats out, than he tfMik the onportiinitv, being a good fwimmcr, to lli|) oxeiboaid. He was dilcovered before he had got dear of the (hip, and a boat being hoiUcd out, prefently returned with the runaway. About midway l)etween us and thcdiore, a canoe was obferved coming after U', intended without doubt to take him upj for when the people in her faw our boar, they Hood off at a greater ddlanrc. Thu wc tound w.Ts a preuHKcrteH plan Ix'twecn the man and ("oine ot the natives, with which Otoo was acquainted, and had em duraged. The gunner's mate W'«s an Iiidi- nian by biith, and wc had picked hint up at Batavia, in our litft voyage. ^ le had neither (riends, nor con- nexions, to confine him to any particular part of the worldj where then could he be fu happy a« at one of J fhefc ifles .' Here he might enjoy in cafe and ul I not only the nccclTai ies, but the luxuries of life ,u!"','| leads us, before we leave this celebrated ifland of I heite, to give fome account of its prefcnt (Jate r I cially as it differs rhuch from whit it was evcti cl'l months ago ; and in order to give our fubfcribcrs al numerous readers a more diHant idea of its (ituii' general figure, extent, and the charader of iis inh"' bitants, wc niuft beg of them to indubc us wuh,h" liberty of a recapitulation of feveral things, JyA have already appeared in detached parts of This work fo that the whole may be brought into one view and dillinci heads ranged in their proper order. \Sc h "I already mentioned the improvements wc found in 1^1 plains of Oparree and Matavai. Tiic fame «as 1 Itrvcd in every other part that came under .mt obicl"! vation. It teemed to us almolf inctcdiblc that i" many large canoes and houfes could be huih j,, " (hort a (pace as eight months; but the iron twils vihuhl ihey had got (romihe laiglidi, and other nations wij havclatcly touched at the illaiid, no doubt, lud'aa-r lerated the *oik, and of hands they cannot Ik iiuuor Ihe great increafe in the number ot their hirs no kijl excited our admiration ; though, probanly, t'hcy «, ,f not fo icarcc when we were here before, as wc ihcii iiw gined; as, not chufing to part with any, iluy ,„m|'j have conveyed them out of light. ^ 'I he (ituation of this iOe is perhaps the In-fl in ;hci woild, being cxiwfcd to none of tliofe viciilitiuic!(if| heat and cod, whit h arc obferved to have (o (onlib;" f an ellei't on the health and fpmts of thole w|io 1,^^ in remoter regions. lis e.xait pofition is lioin UtituJc I 7 deg. :8 mm. to that of i ; deg. jj mm. ."i.andiunn longiiudc H<^deg. lo iiiin.toi.|9iUg. 4oniitr. \V, jJ lies nearly N. VV. and S. E. and is divided into iv„j diflinc^ prim ipahties bv an idhmus, or neck of |„ j and three miles over. The north wellerly divilum i'\ however, much larger, and more fertile, hut bv nii means (i) well cultivated aj the fouth-ealteily dmiion- which - jK-ans on their firtl landing, but hogs, do^;s, and iitJ, of which lafl the inhabitants are very fond. Thcit wild fowl arc ducks only, and the birds that haunt the wood, except finall birds, arc chiefly pigeons, and pa- [OkjUllt) COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— tur iiiakiny Dijcovvries in the Sout/j Seas & Round the fVorld. 155 (ifliicrs ; but with filli the ( (mU abounds, ot which the '.jrictics'a"" "'"Tiber cfs. Poultry is not in plenty, nor • It (b will H.ivouretl as what wc have in Europe, i Lie 11 mav be proper to oblerve, that the two goau, winch Cipt. I'urncaux |;avc to Otoo, when we were lalV here, fccincd to promife fair for anfwcring the eml for which they v^t-rc put on Ihorc. The cwc loon after had two fcnwlt kids which were at this time ready to propa- mtr their'fpecics ; and the old ewe was again with kid. The natives fecmed to be very fond of them, and they ,0 like their fituation j for they were in cxceedinj; good nmlition. Wc. may therefore rcafonably hope lioni Ihis circuinllancc, that, in a few years, they may be fprcid f""^' *" ^^'^ ''^^'' '" ^^^^ ocean. The llieep Wc alio furnilhcd them n this ocean. uhKh wc left, died in a lliort time after j but we iin- dcrrtood one was yet alive. Wc alio furnilhcd them with a llork of cats, not lefs than twenty, bclidcs what ,jf left at IHictea and Huahcine. Then.itivcs, particularly the chiefs, arc in fi/.c, ra- ther above the largely Europeans. Their food, which is of the liiiiplclt kind, is not fuch as to promote glut- lonv, nor their dunk, which Is chicHy waici, caUu- liiod'to provoke intemperaiuf. Their daily intercourfe vnth the o.ean acculUims them from their >outh to cxncife; and the Inilincrs of lilliing, which in nor- thern count ric^ ii the moll laborious ot all employ- ments, n by tl"i» pr.u'hfed as their amufniicnt. i'licy who have reprefented them as mdolrnt, bcia-.:!"': nature fiipplic; libeially all their wants, have millakcn their chativitcr. I'.vc'i their chiefs arc artilfs, and their hniifcs, public editicci, canoes,, and manutadures, their ii'tcnliU, inftrumcnts of war, working tools, their h,ut<, an. I lilhing tackle, arc all j)rix)fs incontellible of thnr'mdiinfy- Employments of this kind tcoil to bi- niili lliith ; and no pcrlun «.is ever known to linguilh wiih an imurable difcafe among them, though it does not appcir, that the mcdic.d art has yet made any con liJiralilc progrcfs. Muih has been laid, and in g ncral ,iihlliut truth, of ihc giacefulnefs of their pcrfons ; Kt itwc Merc to judge of ihc whole by Autorou, and ()mia, who were brought to England, they might be ihoupht to have little claim to that pcrle>;tion ; yet their chicts have undoubtedly a comparative dignity ; but that coiiiparifon is to be confined at home between prince and pcafant, and not extended to I'.uropcan cmintrici, where grace and dignity are Iculmgcha- fjdcrs. Their women dilVer from each other in pcr- fonaUh-ums as in all other countries; but in llature, thole of fupcrlor rank takccfpec^ial care to piefirve the fjni;lv dilhncUon. It is n.n uncommon for ladies ance ol ihiir (ohabiting mdifcriminately with the lower this of people. 1 here is, perhaps, no nation where ihr piiile of ancertry is i arricd to a greater height, and yet ihcy have no means of recording their pedigree, but In oral tradition, nor any rule (or continuing the line, init what nature has impreHcil upon the mother. Haviiu; no ichooli, nothing is to be acquired by eiUi- catioti, example is their principal inUruCtoi and guide j the putern let by the lather is lollowed by the Ion, and »ha::lie mother dens, that the daughter learns j but (hat li not to l>c iindcrfliK»d to perpetuate hulbandry and art', as in China, in particular faiinlies ; for in Ota- hritc hulbandry and arts arc not impnfed as talks, but arc rather amufemonts to pals away time. None arc rom|)eilcd to work, yet all are employed ; their Icveral llatums chance fecms to have allotted \ and here is no murmiiring againll providence for not being more bountilul. One precaution obfcrvcd among the great in order to give vigour to their chiefs mull not be nmittfd, and that u, they never fufter an intercourfe be weciuhcfexcs till both parties arrive at full matu- rity. The very reverie of thin is praififcd by the mul- iiiiidc, who in general arc as much below the common llandard as their d)icfii exceed it. Thev arc nlmort all lattowcd, wcNnen as well at men. In this there fecms ■/'v;.' to be foinething mylhcil ; the pricll performs the ope- ration, and the very children ate cncourarrd by ex- ample to endure the pain, than which not hi 11;.; can -be more acute. To have a thoufaiid punclurcs all at once, with the blood (farting at every puncture, is more, one would think, than a child coull bear, ycc they futfcr it with a foititudc of which in Europe an inffance cannot be found. Their hair is almolf uni- vcrfally black. The men wear it long, waving in ringlets down their fliouldcrs ; but the women cut it (hort round their ears: both fcxcs fiifVer none to grow under their arms; and arc very dclica;e in kccpinif every part about them fweet and clean. To this cnJ they frei|uently bathe, fcldom fulFering a diy to p.ifs without going into the water more than once. IndceJ they anoint their heads wiih an oil cxprclfcd tVoiu the cocoa-nut, which fomctimcs proves rancid, and emits a diiagreeable fmell ; otherwile in their pcrfons they am without a taint. Mr. Banks (aid, " that if our fuilorj quarrelled with thcic people, they would not agree with angels," w hich (ullkicntly denotes the gooilnrfs of their di(po(ition. We have mentioned that Wahcatoua is rcl itcd to Otoo. The fimc may bo fiid of the chiefs of Eimeo, Tapamannoo. iluahcine, Ulietca, C)taha, Ho- labola, for thefe are all rcl.ited to the royal fimily cf Oiaheitc. It is a maxim with the lurecs, and others ot (u|)erior rank, as wc have jull obfcrvcd, never to in- tirm.irry with the I'oiitous, or others o( interior rani; ; .md probably this culloiii might give rife to the el'.a« blillimcnt of the clals called I'.ircioies : it is ccrta n thcle focietics prevent greatly the incrc.ul: ol the fupc- rior dalles of people, of which they arc compofed, and do not iiucilcrc with the lower or Toutous ; (or wc ne- ver heard of one of thcfc being an Earrcny ; nor that a Tuutmi (ould rile in life above the rank in which he w,\s placed by his birth. The ciilhmis of thefe people obr<-rvcd in their eating, as our reaiiers mull have perceived from what has al- ready been (aid on this fubjcct. are very (ingular, and they (ecin t.i entertain fomc fuperlfitious notions, not c.ilily difcovcrable by Hrangcrs. The women are not permitted to cat with the men; not, as it Ihoiild teem, to mark their inferiority, but in conformity to a cullom which hibit has edablilhcd into a law ; nor is it ufual (or any of them to eat in company, except upon cer- tain days of lellivity, when great numbers ot them al- fcmble togciher. A mellenger Irom one of our Eng- lilh captains found O'.icrea, the tlien tuppofcd (]neen of the illmd, ciuertaming a company, which he tuppofcd cotiKI not be let's than a thoufaiul. The intUcs were all brought to her by the fcrvants, who had prepared them J the meat being put into the fliells ot cocoa- nun, and the tliclls into wooden trays ; and the dillri- butcil them with her own hands tothcguells, who were fe.itrd in rows. This done llw fat down hcrfrlf upon a (eat fomcwhat elevated above the red, and two women placing themfelvcs, one on each fide, fed her like a child. When Ihc faw the melfenger, (lie ordered a inels for him. I hey have two ways of dielling their animal fiHid, namely, broiling and baking. Ihc lirft is pi riormi d over hot (loncs, without any other con- tri\ancc than that of placing the meat upon the clean Hones, and when done enough on one lide, they turn It, and broil the other. Iheir manner ol baking is veiy lingular and curious. They (irll dig a hole in the ground, in depth and dcmcnlions proportioned to the thing they have to drels i they then place a layer of wood at bottom, and over that a layer of Hones, and fo alternately a layer of woml and a layer of Hones, till the hole is full : the fire is then kindled, and the Hones maiic hot i thin done they take out the fire, and placing the Hones that arc Icall heated one bclide the other at the bottom of the hole, they cover them with fretlj leaves; and on thcfc they put the meat intended to be baked s then ahcr laying another layer of green leaves, they lill up the hole with the remaining hoc rtoncs, andclofe the whole with the mould that was lirll dugout of the pit. In this fituation the meat is fuf- fercd to remain for three or lour hours ; and when taken out is then fo favour/, as not to be exceeded by the ;: SB Mi ■S m ■! ,H1 mm : I'll M h f' 1 ,,'t| ij': ' m ':*!-«. IS6 Capt. C O O K's V O Y A G li S COMPLETE. the beft European cookery. Almoft all the flefli and fi(h eaten by the chiefs in the ifland is drclRd in one or the other of the above two ways: the latter is moll in ufc among the gentry ; and the former among the commonalty, whofometimes indeed cat their lilh with- out drcding. Tables they have none, and thofe of the highert quality dine on the ground under the fliadc ot a fprcading tree ; frefli green Jcaves ferve them 1' r a cloth, and a bafkct which is fet down by them holds their provifion; thcfe, and two cocoa-nuts, one tiliid with fait water, the other with frelb, complete the whole preparation for a meal. When this is done, they walh their hands and mouths, and then, if nothing calls them abroad, they ufually lay themfflves down to deep. It was loiisx before any of thcin could be pcr- fiiadcd to eat wiili I-".uiopcans, and they certainly, like the Jews, have Ionic fuperftitious ceremonies to be ob- fer\ed m the prcp.irati>!n of the food they cat, whiih, it omitted, renders it unclc.in, or they wuiiKl not have contunicd fcrupuloiis fo long. Even the food ot their women is differently prepared from that of the men j and if touched by unhallowed hands, is accounted un- fit for life. Some of the gentlemen, when invited to their houfes, cat out of the fame balket, and drank out of the fame cup, with their holls ; but it was obkrved, that the elderly women were always offended with tin-. liberty ; and if they hijipcned to touch the victuals ol any of the antient matrons, or even the ball\et that held it, ihcy never faile.l to exprcfs their dillike, and to throw it away ; nor could the wijiiien of fafliion ever be perfuaiied to eat with the gentlemen, when dining in company: but what fecms nioH (hangc, an^ hardly to be accounted for, they would go, five or fix in com- pany, into the fervants apartments, and eat heartily ol whatever they could fiixl; nor did they feem in the leafl difconcerted, if they were difcovcred ; yet it was not cafy to perfuauc anyof ihem when alone, in pii- vatc with a gentlemen, to eat with him, nor would they ever do it but under the moll folenui promifes ol fecrecy. Their aniufcincnts are various, fuch as mufic, dan- cing, wreftling, Ihooting with thelww, dartini? their lances, fwimming, ro-ving, and Hinging ol llones. 1 heir mulic it mull be conlellcd is very impcrlcci, conlilling only of a tlutc and drum, yet with thefe, companies go about the country, and fre(jucnt their ftllivals, being in eiiual edimation with them as mau- rite dancers were lormerly with us, and the di\crlion they make ; . not unlinnlar. In (hooting the long bow, or in throwing the lance, they by iki means excel : nei- ther are they vcr> liexterousat wreflling ; but at inrow- mg llones, and iwininimg, thev arc perhaps equal to any people upon earth. Among other divcrlions, they have their lieivas, nearly correfponding with our I'.ng- lifh wakes. The young people meet together to dance ami to make merry; and at thcfe limes their minflicis and players conllantly attend, as formerly perf 'ns o( the iamc character were wont to do all over Kngland, and in lome counties tl;e velligcs of that anticni ( iil- tom remain to this day. At thefe heivas, howe\er, their female perlormcrs, in their dances, have no le- gard to decency ; and though the fame end was no doubt in view in the inllituiion of the wake ami lieiv.i, yet what in iMigland wasconeitU'd with the utmol) le- crecy, is pubiitkly avowed and praiftilid in Oiaheitc. But though the mllrumental mulic ol tlu- Oialuittaii.s is muchconfiiu'il, their vocal mulic is by no means lOfi- tcmptiWc ; yet in the (wcitncfs ol the voue conlills .ill the melody, tor they have no rules to regulau- the tones. '1 heir fongs are accompanied wnh wnrds til their own comjH)ling, which they can \aiy into lon(> and fliort vcffes, fprightly or lolemn, as ot i alion pie- (cnts ; and as their language is exceeding harmonioiM and mulical, a ftranger i.s no Icfs delighted with ilu arraiucd nonfenl'e, than he would be with the moll fiiblimccompolition. 1 he heivas arc indif( riminauly frequented by all ranks ol people ; but there is llill a more exceptionable meeting held by thofcof high rank, to which luch only arc admitted who arc properly ini. iiated. Thcfe people form a dirtind focicty, in which 2 every woman is common to every man ; and at thei meetings, which are dillinguinud by the name of A ' rcoy, the fports they praiftifc arc beyond imagination wanton. We may tnice fomewhat like this in the hif tory of the aiuiciii iniiabitantsof our own ifland. p.' haps It would be no cxagi^eration to add, that in th" cny of London, thcie arc as many men as the who]* illand olOtaheiic contains, who devote thcmfelvcs en' iirely to the p'e.ifires of fenfuality, and who .ittach themlilves to no one wom.m, but enjoy indiferim' nately all they may ; and th.it there •'re an equal niim! ber of women to be met with, wh. arc at all tim re.uiy to giatity their deiire:;. Drcis, among the ladies of Otaheitc, fceni'i to b-a much lUklicd, as in jitore civilized nations. Howcv ■' neither the feet nor legs, even ol the quality, have anv covering, or any defence from the ground, or the fcorchm- heat of the fun, which at lorne lealonsij verviiuenle: but they are very nice in oiiianientin-T their he.ids, and in Ihading their lace,'!. I'hat part *t' their hcad-drelN, in which they pride thcmfelvcsrnoft ij threads ol human hair, fo delicately plaited, that it is not unufu.il lor tlum to have garlands of this nianu f.K'ture wound round their heads ; the plaits whereof be' ing interwove with llowers ha> e a vi ry pretty etlei;i and are exceedingl) bceoining to young fices. In'tluJr ears they we.ir ornaments which, before the l.umpcan Ijc.ids, conlilted of bone, tortoillie!!, or any thint; fhj iiingand llicwy. The other part of their il'refs is very limple; bcin^; a piece of cloth about a yard and a half wide, and bet.veen thre.- and lour ),irds loiii;, hivinir j hok- cut in the middle, iull big enough to let th^' head p.ifse.ilily through ; this Hows round them, an^l rnvcr, them a little below the waill ; Irom thence a larce quantity of the fame cloth is gathered in toMs, anj tied round them as we tie a cravat round the neck which, being drawn into a large knot, is again fprcad out, and Hows art Icfsly down before, nearly as low a$ the knees, while the greateft quantity of the cloth faljj down behind, in appearance iwt unlike the drcfs o|"(|,g Roman orators. I'hs habit is far from being ungracc- ful, and there is little dilferencc between that ot the fexcs, except that the lower garmcntf ot the men arc nearly of an equal length iKforeand behind. The clottj they wear is of vciy different textures. What is worn in drv wraiher is no other than paper made of the rin Is of trees J but that which they put on when it rains is mote fubHantial, and is pro[)erly a kind of matting incomparably plaited. The Hiape of ihejr cl..,.tbing, Ike that of our own, is nearly the fame from the prince to the jK.ifant, the only diltinebonj being the quantity worn, and the colour j the lower dais of people wearing only one fingle garment j the better fort .is many as, were they made of broad cloth, would buiden them to larry. One thing, however apl pears lingular. When they faliite each other, thfy conllantly unbare thcmfclves from the waill upuards throwing olf their tunics, as we may call them, w ,h the fame eale, and lor tUe f.imc purpofe, as v\-c piill oH our hat.>". *"^" Litt than the fu ,nd. lartly. h«V rf,tn«ards be raifet ^ cover in the bi Bctry of the who p,rt,a«tod,fplay odinary ff-nn*" c> „re, and ftrong pi miration of all who pfrh«p«, as 'o"g ' Lni! folid. and v fjtvmg in Hone th( proJm-ed, and imii Jloflt with arc con that there arc any, hutrcafontohopc ,ith the ufc of iro of that metal amo dlfpcedilybcprt the icutcnefi of i (jrvina in wood, ^ that did not difcov iMhijart. Their «ith it i and in foi IflKc IS difccrnit have to work witl With regard to th foctini^with their [Of to thcin. Th to the fcas they h of J linglc inllan Moftofihcm arc ihf jKirfiofe of ( whicJi on thefe ifl common violcnct not unlike the p ift iifcd by our li thcrlikcthofciifo ihc) are no when ofihcmaremore No. 1 8. COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South. Seas & Roun<^ the tVerld. 1 57 thumb, tnd fay a prayer, not one word of which we Silnderftand. ' Whoever make* a voyaee to this !ls.d will do well to provide himfelf with red fca- 'Ljrs.'thc fincft and fmalleft that are to be got. He \A al(<) 1^*^*^ ^ ^'^^ '^^'^ "^ "'* *"'' hatchets, feike-n*'''' fi'es, knivea. lookingglaflet. beads, and TDCcia'iy Iheets and fliirts, which our gentlemen found Af ladies very defirous of having. The arts in the ifland of Otaheite may be reduced to live namely, architcdure, carving, fhip-building, na- ieation, and painting. Of their architedure there is If remarkable fpccimen exifting in the greater idand, liich isthc Morai, or fepulchral monument of Oberca. j*j,jpr'. bow thefe enormous blocks of ftone could ifitr«ard» be raifcd to the height of 44 feet, to dofe ind cover in the building, muft furcly excite the won> i)(rofevery ordinary beholder; but to mark the fyin- pctry of the whole, fo juftly proportioned in every pirt, as to difplay the iiioft conrummaie judgment, puli aiit)rd a fcaft to an enlightened mind, of which an ofdinary feamcn can have no reltlh. This noble (lruc> nirt, and ftrong proof of genius, will remain the ad- miration of all who may have the plcafure of feeing it, nrrhapi, as long as the illand itfclf (hail endure ; for being folid, and without a cavitv, no time, that will no( equally attciit the ifland. can deHrov it. Of their rarvmgin Hone there arc but very few rpccimcns to be produced, and indeed, when their toob they have to work with arc confidered, it is nwre to be admired, that there are any, than that there are fo few i but we hjvtrcafunto hope, that now they are made acquainted mth the ufe of iron, and have confiderablc quantities ofihii metal among them, that their improvements will fpcedily be proportioned to their advantages, and the acutcnefs of their undcrlYanding. But of their urving in wood, we faw not a tool, or ordinary utenfil, ihatdid not difcovcr evident proofs of their expertnefs ifi this art. Their veflcls for navigation are all adorned «iih it ; and in fome of their performances an excel- lence is difcernible, which, with fuch tools a* thev i...- rhi;. M'^-^ i' I Qr ' I ' ::l N ti. i U 1 ,11^ ■ I '. '!' Itiii; 158 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. m^ i 1 1 If 1^ 1 1 priefthood, and is performed like baptirm as a rite, without which, afcer a certain age, none are accounted worthy of fuciety. From twelve to fourteen is the pe- riod allotted for the (lerformance of this rite, for be- fore that age chiMrcii are thought unable toendure the fmart. I'he other fort of painting in ufe among thefe iflandcrs may be rather called daubing, conlillingonly in colouring the nidc carvings in their pleal'urc boats, fltc. fometimcs with one colour, fometimes with ano- ther, but moll commonly with red. We (hall clofe this head with a few remarks on their marine force, or war canoes, conliJered as their grand fleet. Capt. Cook when lall at Otaheite conceived rather an unfa- vourable opinion of Otoo's capacity and talents i but the r.ipid iniprovements itnce made m the I'lland con- vinced us, that he mull be a man of good parts; and it is certain that he has fomc judicious, fcniible men about him, who have a great Ihare m the government : but we cannot lay how far his power extends as king, nor how far he can command the afTiftance of the other chiefs, or is fontroulahle by them: this however is cer- tain, that all have contributed towanis bringing the ilk to its prelent Hourilhing flate : yet we found it not with- out divilions among their great men. The king told us, that Towha, the admiral, and Poatatou, were not his friends Tlicfe being two leading chiefs, Otoo miift have been jealous of them on account of their great power ; yet on every occalion he fcemed to court their inrcrcf>. We are inclined to think they raifed by far thcgicareft number of velFcIsand men, togoagainii Eimeo. and were to be the two commanders m the ex- pedition, which, according to common repoit, was to take place live Oaw alter our departure. Waheatoua, 1cinj;of Tiarabo 1, was to join this Hcct to that of Otoo, »nd that yr" :^ prince was to be one of the conmimi- dcrs. Out would think fo fmall an illand as Kimeo, would have endeavoured to fettle matters by negotia- tion rather than irlift the united force of thole two povirful nations; yet nothing was heard or talked of out lighting, lowha faid more than once, that he fliould die in the atftion. Oedidcc thought the battle would be fought at fca ; but we thought it moft proba- ble, that the people of Eimco would remain at home on the defenlive, as we were informed they did about 'five oHiX years ago, when attacked by the people o( TiaraboH, whom they rcpulled. We were mid, that fivegcncral officers were to command in this exfKdition, of w-hich number Otoo was one; and, if they named them in order according to the ports they held, Otoo was only the third in command ; which fcems probable enough 1 for he being but a young man he could not have fufTicicnt experience to be commander m chief, where the greatelt (kill and judgment Teemed to be ne- cefTary. Capt. Cook was difpofed to have (laid five or fix days longer, had he been fure the expedition vould have taken place in that time, but it fcemed they wanted us to Ik gone (irft. It was Ibmetimes reported! that it would not be undertaken before tenmoons; as if it was necelTary to have that time to put every thing in order. For (everal days before we failed, Otoo and the other chiefs had ccafcd to folicit ouraliianccand af- firtance, which they were continually doing at firft ; and after Capt. Cook had alRned Otoo, that if they got their fleet ready in time he would fail with them down to F.iineo, wo heard no more of it. Probably they thought it more political to be without us, ktinwing it was inour tiower to bellow the vitilory on whom we pUafed. Be this as it may, they undoubtedly wanted us to be gone Ix fore they undertook any thing; and thus we were depnvevl, much agninft our inclination, of feeing the whole fleet a(remblcd on this occafion, and, perhaps of being fnetbtors of a well condudcd •ngagemcnt at fca. Wnat number of vcflels were ap- pointed for this grand expedition we could not learn. \\c heard of no more than two hundred and ten, bc- fides a number of fmall canoes for tranfpons, and the allied fleet of Tiarabou, thcflrcngth of wnichwe could not gain the leaft intelligence : nor could wc leirn the number of men nccclfary to man this fleet. Whenever the quetlion wu alkcJ, the anfwer wu Waroii, warout warou te Tata, that is many, many, men. Alk,wi>,„ forty to each warcanOc, and four to each of the oth which is a moderate computation, and the mmU Will amount to nine thoufand i an alionilhing num^' if we conlider they were to be raifed in only four??' tricts, and one of them, namely, Matavai did equip a fourth part of the fleet. That of 1 ,'arabnu"" not included in this account , and many other dZft* might be arming which wc knew nothinffof-vw think the whole ifland of Otaheite did noTarmin,r o^calion. tor wc law not any preparations makina,! Oparrce. Wc believe that the chief, or chiefs o( VI dilfricf, fupcrintended the equipping of the licet k. longing to that dilVritf ; after which they mull wi. review before the king who by this mean, know, ,h" Ifate of the whole intended to goon fervice The n ber of war canoes belonging to Attahourou'and \C^ IS an hundred and lixty, to Tetiaha fbrty • to mT* vai ten ; now ,f we fuppofe every diflrift in the ,(L,nd of which there are forty-three. to raifc and crn^o it' fame number of war canoes as Tettaha, accordL,^ this eftimate, the whole ifland can taifc and equm o thouland (even hundred and twenty war canoes a i luty-cight thoufand able men, allowing forty to'cach canoe; and feeing ihefc cannot amount to above «1» third part of the number of both fexes, childrcnTl eluded, the whole ifland cannot contain lefs than tJl hundred and four thoufand inhabitants. This at fi j? light exceeded our belief; but when, upon a rcvic!! ot this calculation, we conlideied the vail fwarm, f naiivis which appeared wherever we went wt utr, convinced our cllimate was not much, if at all to,. great. There c.mnot. in our opinion, be a Rtonetr proot ol the ni hnels ami tertilitv of Otaheite (not Iw, ' lea..;ues, or i;on a kind of (lage, made of Iniooth board si and beat with u fquare beaterabout a foot long, and twal or three inches bioad. On each of the four fidci ojf this beater parallel lines arc cut lengthwife: thcfd linea dittcr in finenels, in a proportion from finall twine to r filken thread. They firil begin with thoi coarfeft fide of the beater, and finifh with the fintftj By the continual application of this beater, in whicli two people are continually employed, who Hand oppo« fite to each other, on each lidc of the (higr, and regulatl their Arokei like fmithson an anvil, the cloth, ilckxh it may be called, in its rough (tate thins apace, and ai it thins, it of courCe incrcaTea in breadth. Whenia haa iKidtfgone chii proctft, it ia then (pread out i ■vhito -a...i lii COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— ffar making Di/itvtrkt ia the ^tU)b ■Seaj & Uoy jid the ^or/tJ. .v^g _u:„» which when fiilficiently done, U i« delivered the laditi, whofe province is to look it carefully " and to remove all blemifliei. Thus far coin-i <^'lj it is coloured, generally red or yellow, after h^h'it •* f"""^ *"'* '*''* "P ''"■"'^- ^y ''^^ proceCi h rtadc will re? dkly comprehend in what manner the hhnc m*y *"' ^*'''*'* '"'o *'"' *"■ cowfe, according to aterials of which it is made, and the lalwur bc- ihe m»'" In Oraheite the bai': of three diiie- Anwed upon it. t trees is made ufc of in this manufadlure : the I^kinrfe paper niulberry, the bread-fruit Uee, and the Th fiff-trcc. Of the firft and fecond the fincH fort. made ; but of the lalf. the molV durable. The fi'ft and Vccond imbibe water like paper, but the lat- r *ill re*"''^ ^^^ "'"• ^^^f *'*^' * method of wafh- ^j this cloth, aftcf it has been worn, and when waihed ■ti»««»'" beaten; by this lart proccfs it la rendered ' fgit and pliahle. Another confiderable manufac- "'Jj ii that of nwtting, made likewifc of the rinds of Sints and fhrubs, which arc worked to a drgicc ol intncfs not to be equalled by any thmg oi the kind L^^n in turope. Of this inanulactuie are made ,hcjrf»il». the covering of their bals, and their cloath- . ,n rainy wwthcr. I heir cord.igc is amnhcr con- (ijfrahlf article, which is made ot the rind of a plant ^ unlike a wild nettle. In this manuficlure they Ijlcfwifcrxrcl, but we do no; lcarnth.it any ot it wai -urchafol for thcfhip's uie. I'hciri ncs made ft« fifli- jmrare much fiiperior lo any thin^ ot the kinJ ultd in vjj'ropf, ht-inn Itronncr and infiniiclv niOre durable. Thfir lill""g ""* have the fmiie adv Hua^es i but tlu tnrM iTudi- ot human h.iir, « hich tholauio wnd round j^ir heads, and which, like nciuny, li the chid «niife as manydirtcrint forms, asthere are dirtcre nt nukcrs, fotnc ofthcm incomparably neat. But among the curiofities of this kind, that which was moft admired by the (jvJtavour's peofde, when at this ifl>.-, was the figure «t tmsn upwards ofCcveniirct high, reprefented in balktt aork, which they inugmed was a reprefentation of one of their deities. This wicker Ik.leton was completely covereil with feathers, white where the fkin was to ap- pnr, and black in thnfe parts which it is their culloni to paint or itain, and u(H>n the head, wbcic there was 10 be a reprefentation of hair. Upon the head were lour protuberances, three in fr«nt, and one behind, which the natives called Taie-ctce, or little men. Other manufactures of l«fs account, yet not unworthy of notice, arc their weapons of war, which fccm to be thtworknianlliip of the owners, their (idling tackle of, nrious forts, thfir working tools, and their jcw clcry ; but in this tall it cannot be expected, conftdcring their' lonU, they (houldhave any fcope to difplay or.exciciTe thfif ingenuity. We come now to fpeak of their civil government, of shich we have it not in our power to give our readers I diltmcl and perfitdt idea. This illand of Otahcitt: made fmmerly but one kingdom v how tong it has been > dividd into two we cannot pretend tofav, we believe I mt lon^;. I'he kings of Tiarubou, are a branch of the fimily ofOjioureonu i at prcfent the two arc nearly reto Otoo, but.tqj Taimton, his brother, and his fecond fiftcrt to.th^j tneat heir, and to the other ai heir appateht. iW4j ' kave fometimoi feen the Eowai and Whannoi covered before the king, but whether by courtrfy or l^y^virtue of their office, we could nf>t learn. Tliefe n)en, who, are the principal perfoAs about the king, anil forin^ his (Qurt, are generally, if not always his relations. Tec, fo often inwtioncd in this narrative, was one of them. ThcEowas, who hold the firO rank, attend in turns, a certain number each day, fo that they may be called lords in waiting. We fcldom found Tec abfent, and his attendance was neccflary, as being bed able to negotiate matters between Capt. Cook and the chiefs % on this fctvice he was always employed, and he cxcciitt.4 the fame, we have reafon to believe, to the Hitistaction of both parties. The Eowas and Whannos always ear with the king i nor do we know of any one being ex- cluded from tins privilege, but the Toutous; (or as to the women, as we have alrcai'^ ob'crvtd, they never eat with the men, let their rank be ever lb iniich clc. vatcd. Notwithllaniling ihcfccnablilhcd orders, there • was very little about Otoo's (Krfon or court, wlurchy a Ifi.ingcr could diAinguifli the king from the fuiijec'l. We rarely faw him dreiFcd in any thinjj but a convuon pici e ot cloth wrapped round his l()in> j fo thiit lig fccmed to avoid alloutward i>oiiip, and even to deaican himlrll more than any of his Earees around iiiiii. We have fcen his inajdy wo.kat a paddle, in coming to and going troin the Ihip, in common witii others in the boat ; and even \*hcn Ionic of his Toutous fat look> logon; and liieh is the uncontrouled libcity of this happy ilk, that every individual has free acccfs to him without the Icafl ceremony ; hence it is, that the Karees and other chiefs arc more be- loved than feared by the bulk of the jieople. Wc ihould think ourfelves happy in knowing more of this mild and equal government, than the general out-line t tor as to the orders of the conllituent parrs, how con- ilru|7» TT-R-'t ""J3 1 Hi;;. i; '■• , I ' t ■ 1. ' »■> * 1! ■ U", I!!/ *i,' ^;l I»'.>i t6o Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. H- lofs for nutcrizls to form an opinion on this fubjeft ai former navigaton. The little information wehavehi- therto received i ; fo vague and contnidi, is never omitted j and praying tor the dead is a proof that they believe in the foul's cxifting in a feparate ftate, after death, which is confirmed by their placing meat and drink in their bu- ryinj; places. In this cullom, they are far fronri being fingular. Among the antient Romans, in the infancy of their ftate, they placed meat upon the tombs of their deccafed friends, that the ghofts might come out and eat, as they believed they would; and whea they intended to exprefs the moft abjed ftate of hunian wretchednef^ they ufcd to fay. " luch a creature gets his fbod from the tombs " The character of the Ta- how a in Otaheite, very nearly correfponds with that of Druid among the antient Britons. He is the chief pricft, and his erudition confifts in learning the feveral traditional memorials of antient times ; in being made acquainted with the opinion of their anccflon, concern- ing the origin of things t and in the repetition of fliort myfteridus fentcnces, in a languaae which none but thofe of their own orders can unJerftand. The Bra- niinsofthe eaft have their myftic, unknown tongue, as have alfo all the followers of the great Zoroalter. The priefts arc fupcrior alfo to the reft of the people in the knowledge of navigation and aftronomv, and in all the liberal ar«, of which thcfe people have any idea. Th j far the charaAcr of the Tahowa agrees with that of Druid, in every particular. The Druids were the only pcrfons of any fort of learning, which confifted in the obfervation of the heavens, knowledge ofthcftars, whereby they prefaged future evcnui they had the care of all religious matters, and their authority was abfolutc. The chief of the Druids, wai pontiff or high pricft, whofc dignity was eleiftivc. Thui we might trace the conformity of thecuilomtand maniters of nations remote from each other, in their infant ftate, but wc wave fuch an enquiry, as it might be thought foreign to our bufincfa in hand. Wc fttall conclude this hiftoriral (ketch of Ouhcite with a brief account of their funeral cerrmonica, in which the pricft and the people jointly afllft. When a native is known to be dead, the houfe is filled with relations, who deplore their lofst fome by loud lamen- tations, and fome by left clanKmmt, but more genuine exprcffions of grief. Thofe who are the nearcft de- gree of kindred, and moft affeded by the event, arc ' liicnt ; the reft are one nwment uttering pafTionatc ex- Ercfllons, or exclamation* in a chorui, and the next lughing and talking, without the ieaft appearance of concern, much like the manner of the wild Iri(hj but this folcmnity it continued for a day and a night, whereas by the Irifh it is continued feveral nights. On the next morning the body is ftirouded, and conveyed to the fea fide on a bier, upon the (houlden of the bearers, and attended by the prieft, who having prayed over the body, repeats his fentences durine the n ceflion. When they arrive at the waters edle i,ir down on the beach : the prieft renews his prTv'ers 1^' taking up fome of the water in his hand, rpfinku towards the body, but not upon it. It is then «r^.!f back forty or fifty yards, and foon after brouRht .«i to the beach, where the prayers and fprinkline arfr. peated. It is thus removed backwards and LZj,' feveral timea , and during the performance of this m mony, a houfe has been built, and a fmall p,J. „f ground railed round, in the center of which a (uJ ereclcd whereon they place the bier, andthehtd!!! left to putrify, till the Helh i" wafted from the hon As foon as the body is dcpofjfd in thf^ M..;^- "• mourning is renewed. The women now alTembre' aM are led to the door by the ntareft relation, who ftnk a fliark's tooth feveral times into the crown ofherhMH* the blood copioufly follows, and is carefully receive upon pieces of cloth, or linen, which arc thrown „„ der the bier. The reft of the women fallow this cxam pie, and the ceremony is repeated at the interval rf two or three days, as long as t\^ teal ^nd forrowofih panics hold our. Tlic tears alfo which arc flied uoon this occafion are received upon pieces of cloth and of fered as oblations to the dead. Some of the'^oimp, people cut off their hair, which is likewife thrown un' der the bier. This cuftom is founded on the notion at fome of our gentlemen thought, that the foul of the deccafed ithovering about the place where the bodJ IS depofited ; that it obfervrs the adtions of the (J vivors, and it gratified by fuch teftimonies of their »f fcflion and grief; but whether this is part of the m' tive* faith is very problematical; neither, in our ooL nion, is it certain, that the pricft is an attendant in the funeral proceffion down to the wateis edge; for in the funerals at which Mr. Banks was a party, no nitru tion is made of a prieft ; and Tuberai Tunuide who was chief mourner, ptrfomicd the whole of the fu. ncral fervicc. Thcnativr- -all faidtofiy kforethefe proccfficns, and the n affigned is, beiaufe the chief mourner carries in l». . nand a long flat flick the edge of which it fci with (harkt, and in a phrinft which hit grief is fuppofed to have infpircd, he nin« « all he fees, and if any of ihem happen to be ovtr- uken, heftrikeathem moft unmerciftjily with hit in" dented cudgel, which cannot fail to wound them in » moll dangerous nunner; but this reafon, though a plaufibic one, does not, in our judgment, feem to come up to what is faid in the courfe of the relation, by the compiler of Capt. Cook's voyage, who tells ui, thtt while the corpfc is carrying in proceflion, the people every where fly and hide ihemfclvcs in the woods, and that none but thofe immediately concerned in it, if they can avoid it, come in light. Were it only for (w of the cudgel that thcfe people fled, they needed net run fo far as the woods, nor to quit their houfrs (as Mr. Banks obfcrved they did when the toipfe of an old woman, whofc funeral he attended, came by in pro- ceffion) to hide thcmfclvea in holes t it would htte been fufficient for them to have kept out of the reach of the cudgel ; but ihcy muft be awed by fume fccrct motive ; (ome fuperftitiout dread of fome misfortune happening to them, fliould they meet the corpfe, ti- ther in an unlucky i)iace, or in an ominout lliuatioa; at at thit day man; people in the northern parts of Bri- tain get out of the way of a- corpfe when carrying to ' the grave, for thcfe or the like reafoni. The peopSe of I Otaheite, we think, arc not intimidated by the ippie- ' hcnfion of being beaten ; but they may have a dread \ upon them of they know imk what; yet it it fuch a i dread at infcnfiblv impels them to keep at a difltnce, I and if they are by accident furprized, and nxct t corpfe at the comer of a ftreer, or the rounding of t { hill, they never fiiii to blefs thcmfeivct, and turn the I way the corpfe is carrying, ami ivalk in the famedi- region for (cvcral paces tn avert the bad cffediofthe unluckv omen, which they always interpret igiinll thcmfclvei. In an account of the funeni ccremonicij of the iOandert in the South Seas, the writer, who] judged from what he himfclf faw, and not fmn wkitj w»H cook's second VOYAGE— for making Di/coveries in the South Seat & Round the IFor/d. 1 6 1 reported to him, tells us, that the pricft, accom- oanied vvith two boys painted black, attend the Morai, or place where the corpfe is dcpolitcd, to receive the hoes, filh', and other provifions, which on thefe occa- fionj'are offered to the Ethooa, or deity of the place, and to lay them upon an altar. This pricft i» alfo cm- nlovcd '" brewing over the body of ihc defund leaves, and flowers of bamboo ; and for two or three d lys he ^jf.^nally ranges the adjacent fields and woods, trom nhich every one retires on his approach. I he rela- tion!, in the mean time, build a temporary houfe near (!,( Morai, where they aflemblc, and the femaUs mourn for the dcceafed, by finging fonfts of grief, howling, -,j wounding their bo••' 1: ;i 31 «!.; ;;t i ^ fill ^ t i. " i . 'it : til'' ' . f M ill ;.| m t-^l mw'- «■^ \ ii'fi '• ^ ■J m~ -5 #= i62 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. be obi'ervcd among them ; but though the rumour in- creafed throughout the day, yet no preparations could be perceived to countenance fuch a report; and the king continued his vilits as ufual, never coming empty handed. On Fridny, the 20th, the firft and'fccond lieutenants with one of the maces, being out on a flioutuig party, they uere bcl'et by more than fitty of the natives, who firii took (rom them their arms, and then robbid them of what articles they had carried with them to trade. In the Icullle the Hill heutcnant loft the Ikiit of his coat, and one of the otiur gentlemen received a feverc blow. When the robbers had llripped them of their merchandizes, they retlored to them their fowling pieces. When this trniil'aclion cair.e to the knowledge of C'jpt. Cook, he went immediately with a boat's crew on lliore, and entered a large houfe wherein were two chiefs. This, with all their ellcvts, he took poUtllion of, and remained iheie, till he heard that the gentle- men had got laleon board, and had ail their ihuigs rc- llorid to thim. Otiiidte iiiloimed us, Oree was fo much artVcted with the relation of this, that he wept much. When on hoard, we learnt from the olliceis ihenifelves, that a fmall inlult on their part was the occalion of the afl'ray ; but Pome chiels interfering, I'.iok the otVicer^, out of the i roiid, and caufed eveiy thing which had been taken Irom them to be reltorevl. On the :ill, we faw iip\,aids ot lixty canoes, moll of the ptople in ilu in being I'jrceoies, (leering lot Ulietea, and We heard iluy were going 10 vilit then brethren in the neighbouring illands. It feems thefe people have I ul^oins among them periiliar to thenifilves ; and alllll each otIur v\ lull necellity requires : we may therelore call tiuni the I'rec Malons of Huaheine. Thi* dav Oree ftiit a mcirigc to Capt. Cook, defiring he would conic on Ihore, and bring twent\-two men with him, in order to iVarth lor and challHe the robbers. ()ediiitc brought with him twenty-two pieces ol leaves to allill his memnry, a culloiii very common among thefe peo- ple. '1 his nielVage demed to us an extraoidiiiary one, and therefore the taptain went to the chief foi iKiter inlormation. Oree informed hmi, that thefe fell()v*s , were a let of banditti, who had lormed themfelves into a bod\, and had rcfolved to rob all they met, for which purpoiV they weic now allembUd and armed. Thefe lobbirs Oiee wanted us to attack, the captain faid the\ W( old Hy to the mountains; but he alliired us to ihccvintraiy, and delired we would ilellrov both them and their habitations, only ("paring their laiuus. This requcii demed extraordinary, but the captain was rcfobed 10 tomply with it in jiart, led ihele fellovvs lluiuld make more head, and bei iime formiilable ; and alfowiih a vuw ot |)ieventing the rejiorl (iom gaming giouiul 111 riieiea, where we intended going, and we were appnhenlive adix iations might be (ormed in like manner, and ihe people might tieat us in the fame %»av, or woil'e, they being more numerous, ("apt. {^ook and his officers made ready to accompany king Oree in the expedition againll the roblKTs ; and having ordered fifty marines with fomc failors to be well armed, they landed near the palace of the king, and having reijuired him to conduit them according to his promile, he very readily confented, and they all fet out together in very good order. The party increafed as we proceeded ; and Ocdidectold us, that fcvcral of the banditti had joined us, with the view of decoying us into a place, where they might attack us to advantage. As we could place no confidence in any other pcrlon, we took hisad\ice, and proceeded with caution. Wc marched feveral miles, when Capt. Cook declared he would proceed no farther; befidcs, wc were informed that the men had tied to the mountains. At this time we were about to crofs a deep valley, with ftecp rocks on each fide, whereourretreat might have been rendered dilTicult, by a few men aflaulting us with ftoncs. Oedidcc jK-rfifled in his opinion; and we marched l)ack in the fame order as we came. As wc went along, wc obfcrvcd feveral people coining down the fides of the hills with clubs, which they immediately hid when they found wc faw ihcm. This was fomc confinna- 3 tion of Ocdidee's fufpicions; but we could not ne fuadc ourfelves that the chief had any fuch iiuentio'" whatever might be the dcfigns of his people. In „"' return wc halted at a convenient place, and « anting fit feveral volleys, to convince the "na"tives, that wt: coulJ (bme refrelhmcnis, they were immediately brmiuht',' When we arrived at the landing pl.ice wc dirchariT"i fupport a continual fire ; after which wc returned board, and the chief dined with us, having brou T with him a hog ready drclled. A(ter dinner wc*^' ceived a great number of prefents as pcace-olliiin'^' Two chiefs brought each of them a pig, a doij an!i fomc young plantain trees, and with due cennion prefented them (ingly to the captain. Another brou^l,! a very large hog, with which he had followed us to the (hip. A quantity of fruit was brought u» by others- (b that we were likely to make more by this little «' curlion, than by all the prefents wc had m»de thcin' and the expedition had one good elVeCl at lealt, forthe people were convinced that mufquets were more ttrri. ble things than they at fiilt imagined. We were nro! mifed a larger fupply of hogs and fruit the next day. but the chief was not fo g(Mxl as his word. We ^t-.' alhore in the afternoon, and found him (itting downto dinner. The people about him immediately began chewing the pepjKr root; a cup of the )uice waspic fented to Capt. t>)ok, but he dul not like the nirthod of brewing it. Oedidee was not fo nice, and irnincd ately fwallowed what the captain refilled. Thechici wallied his mouth with cl Uisunl oflbi-pfopTfiii TurlU IjUud-^Oiw taltedby ll.v tuiliws Ambrym difcovertd — Tranfalttom 'vchilc bert, andfroiious eibj-vieur ef tbt inbalituitts-» A pariicnLir dtfifiption of tbfff proplt — Thf Rifolulwn continues her courje from Port fjndii I' b—Pajfirs Tbrtf-bill and Hbfpberd's Ijlands — Sttcrs in j dire it ion for Sjndzi-ub Ijbnd, in order to difioirr ibe^ Mutlvrn extremity of the Ardipetago—I Injlile behaviour 'f the ualives ofSandwicb Ijle, and offe-ieral ijlands, partiaiLtrly fjmiii, and Erromitiji^o — iniUcounlqfuVoUano—Cbanu'terofPaor.vangafireatcbief—A dtfcription of the country, ij;.--Deptirture of'ibf Rehlutionfrom the ijland ofTiUimi — Tbe nMives difribed — Arrrv:s at Erromanj^o — Tbe -icjlern i',.vl of'ibi- Xexv Hebrides explored — \lore iie:i- tllamis difcwered — InbabitMits and country about Cape ColiKtt dcfnl/ed — Ibe ijLind of Pines difcovered, \iiib an aicount of ibffe and olbcr trees. TMF. day after we left Uiictea we faw land, which proved to be a low ifland tlifcovered by Capt. Vj!li«, and called by hint 1 lowe llland. We law land ym on the 16th, which we called PalmcrHon IHand, inhommr of lord PalmerHon, one of the lords of the Admiralty. On the 20th we difcovercd land again, anvi inhabitants appearing upon the ftiorcj wc equipped two boats, and as we approached, the inhabitants re- ntal iiuo the woods. When we landed, wc took port on a hijih rock, to prevent a furprifc, and the botani- \\r\^ party began colleding plants, with which the cnuiurv fccmtd covered, Capt, Cook took two men witli him aiul entered the woods, but on hearing the inhabitants apj>roach they returned. Wc made every friendly fign in our power, but were anfwered by menaces; and one of the natives threw a Hone, which llru'.k unc of our party. Two mufquets were fired inJifcriminatcly, and they all retreated into the woods. Having cmbaikcil, wc proceeded along the coaft till we came to a place where four canoes lay. In order to prevent being furpriad, and tofecurc a retreat, the men were drawn up uprna rock, from whence they had a view of the heighis. Capt. Cook and only four gentlemen with him went to look at the canoes. ' Very loon after the natives rufhed out of the wood upon us, and MX endeavoured to no purpofe to bring them to a parley ; they threw their darts, and appeared very feroci- ous. We difcharged fomi: mufquets in the air, but thisdid not intimidate them, for they Hill threw darts and Hones. Capt. Cook's mufquet miflcd tire, other- wife he would certainly have killed the ring-leader of them. The men drawn upon the rock fired at fomc who appeared on the heights, which rather allayed the ardourof our aritagoniHi, and wc had an opportunity to join the marines. Wc do not think any of the na- tives were hurt, but they all retreated into the woods ; and feeing we could make nothing of them, we returned to the Hiip. Capt, Cook named tbisplaceSaragelfland, from the conduct and afpccl of the iflanders ; its (itua- tionis fouth latitude 19 dcg. 1 niin. wcH longitude 169 deg. j7 mm. its form is circular, and is about 1 1 leagues in circumference. The country appears entirely cover- ed with trees and Huubs. Nothing but coral rocks were to be feen along the fliores. The inhabitants Ao not appear to be very numerous : they go intircly naked, except round the waiH, and fcem t^out well made men. Some of them had their thighs, breail, and faces painted black. We Heered for Rotterdam, and as wc drew near ic fevcral canoes laden with fruit came along-fidc of us, but we did not (horten fail. The people on board them wanted as much to go towards their coaH, telling us, as wcU riflil. (' •&.! :l'.. 2'. W. m.':' i^i'il.'l 164 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. >i'i it well as they were Mc, we might fafely anchor there. They enquired for Capt. Cook by name. We came to anchor on the north-lide of the ifiand on the 26th inllant. The inhabitants brought to us great quanti- ties of yams and hsddocks, for which wc gave them old rags and nails. A party of us went alliorc to look for water, and were civilly received by the natives. Wc got fome water, but it was rather brackifU. V\'c got a plentiful fupply of fruit and oats, as well as water, but happened to leave the furgeon on (horc. He got a canoe (o bring him off; but jull as he was getting into it, one of the natives fnatched away bis mufquet and ran off with it, after which no perfon would bring him on board. He certainly would have been ftripped, had he not prefented a tooth-pick cafe to them, which they took for a little gun. When Capt. Cook he^rd of this tranfadion, he vvcniafhorc j but the natives . J at "lis approach. Vc did wrong in not taking any lkp» tVr the recovery of the ;vin, as it encouraged the in- Kibitants to make more depredations. A boat was fcnt alliore on the :Sth for fonic water, when the peo- ple behaved in a rude and darinif marvncr: it was with difficulty they got their water-talk; filled, and into the boats again. 1 he lieutenant wl o coniiiianded this party had his gun fnr.iched from him, and moll of the people h.id I'omething w oth:r taken avay Irom them. This -as the cH'cCt of ill timed lenity. Capr. Cook landed uion after, and re.olved to have the gun rcffored. All the inantKS were' ordered alliore armed. As the botanifmg party were in the country, three guns were fucd from the ftiip to alarm them, as we did not knoiv how the natives might behave to them. The natives knew well enough wh.it we intended, and brought the mufquct long before the marines got alliore. Wher iiie 'ieutenant and the marines arrived, they all fled ; Capt. Cook feized two double canoes in thcxovc, and threw a lew fmall Ihot into a fellow's lcg», who made ibmc leliiUnce. Wc very foon olMaincci the other mufquct, and then the canoes wer. reftorcd. When we returned to the cove, the people wanted to pci lu.ide us that the man Capt. Cook fired at w.is ilcad, which we thoueht very improbable. Capt. CcK)k dctired a mar; to reiiorca coojKr's adae v'uh had been (lolen that morning, aixJ he went away, .iswethcaight, to letvh i.; but we were miffakfn, for he foon returned with ihe woiinde ' irsn tttctchcd out on a l)Oard apparently dead. The furgeon was fcnt to drefs hw wounds, which in his opinion were but Oight, and of no confe- qiicnce. C.apt. Cook IMI infilleil ii|)on the a«J/e, and with a great deal of dilVnuliy th wc failet*, ami a great in«ny annci lame up withu.1, loaded withfiuit, itc. which wciccx* hang- ed for the ulual (rNumodiiies. The paflion ol our people for ci.ioiitics wji an great as ever, and thej were flrippcd of mv1 of the clothes the ladies of Otaheiie 1. id lelt them. Wc ftretihedout for Arnaitafoa on the joili, and feveral cantjcs came to u» from all pariii with the common arfirles; out of one ol tin in *e got two pig't which m this part uf the world are a ftarcc commodity On Friilay the firft of July we difcovcrcd laix), the mailer and the l>oat were lent into the found to find anchorage, four or (ivr people were difcovered on the ftiorc, who retreated as the boat advatKcd, and they all fled to (he uofxi* when the boat UnJrd. 1 he niader returned, and brought word there Wtfre no luontimg. without the reef; that ''c lowcd in for the fhore, iiNend- ing to fpeak to the ^irople, wno were ab.iut twenty in number, anned w,(h clubs and fpean i but they aii 4 returned into the woods on his approach trifles upon the rocks, which they certainly founH {.^r/!lr.:::'Jl.*!::!.f?!^."«'•'^p'.-^'•«'^a(tervv.rd, The number of inhabitant's on this illand are fumlr'''; to be very k >, and it is very probable that the lew Jii arc there only came to catch turtles, of which thVr a great number here. This ifland is fituated S \ll*'! I 19 Jeg. 48 niin. W. longitude 178 dee. a min,.," called it Turtle Ifland. / "^g- a min. \Vc After a good deal of ftormy weather we fa» 1 iHand. called by the natives Ambiym, on the i.n'", July. We dilcoyered a ctrek as we drew nt cr ,h Ihore. -vh.ih had the appearance «f a Komiha2 ' many people were alTembled, who invitixl us on (h ' but wc did not chufc to go, as they were arm d S ' bow s and arrows. We fent out two armed boat ,od J ^ cover a port al>out a league more to the loutl, lyt ne anchored in eleven fathoms water. Several' nf 1, ' nauves eamcofftous, but adcd with great eauil ' at lall thevtrul»edthe.n(e!ve.al«rgr,de,andexch. ; jirrows lor picccsof cloth. The arrows were minted f^u bone, and dippeu m a green gummy fublhiue whv^ wc imagined to be poiA>nous. Prelcnts were mJf,' two men who ventured onboard, and other, e.mc! nigh; lor the umc purpofe, but they were no, ad mitted. ' ""• On the 22nd. in the morning, fcveral natives cam, round us; (ome Iwam. and others , air.e in c/n^ We prevailed on one .lan with fome d.ltieuity to ,2 on boa.d. and ho was ...llowcd by more than we «, m \ ^.loiis articles were given to four of .hem. v.hicli«;,: taken int.. the cabin ; thefc .hey (hewed to oiIk,, ,„ canoes, who were very well plealed w.th their ree , tH.ii. Wc were all put in confufion hv an uo&L which happened while thefe were in the eai,.,, ? „! ol the natives who had been refufed adnHtt.incci,l one ol our lx«ts iKot his bow at the bo.it-keepcr ° 11«K« a poifoned ar.ow at him ; he was prcvei.cd J lomc ol his countrymen, and C^apt. ( ,.ok ua, , (lua.nied with it. Capt. Cx.k went .,n deck, an.l | J a tnan d.ugglmg with him, uho had leaped out ui Tr cabin window tor this pur,K,(c. The Idiow ,^ jxiinted hi. arrow at the boat-keeper, and on U, Cooks calling out, he pointed the arrow at the (j " tain, whoinllanily fired a mufquct at him. Ihisili geied him lor a little while, but he again pointed L arrow, a fccond Oiot obliged him to delill. .w began to flioot arrows on the other (ide; but thcvw,, .All fcnt oil in.hr u.moll «„r,fuflB„, by a t„„r ^„ Ihot iKing i\xU l.arg. d over their heads. rh< y alu,, man lea,M-d ove.lward. We p-rmitted them i„ r,,mc and take a- .> their canoes, antf fome aj;ain ru,r,e ajon,. fide the )l;ip. We heard the lK..t.ng oldiu„ "i'" (lioic .«s foon as the lour pounder was fired wli, h ■ loi>k lor the fignal for the country to aire'mMc'undcr arnii. However, we dete. mined to go o-> lli„r, ,„! feek for wtwd and loine refrcfliments, which „,„.,,. very much in want of. We landed in the face 0/ five hundred men, armrrt Ai'h IMWS, airows. ff)f^r j,„j ,|ut„. but they nn ', no oppofition C apt. Cook advanced a!..,,, , with 1. . thingbutaKc-n bianeh in hu hand ; on ueiivihi.s i perlon who ]e».,.rd 10 be a < hit f g,vc his Ixiw anJ at rov«^» to another, and came fo meet him in rhr u,.iu took the eapiaii, by the hand, and leti him ,iu to the crowd. Ihe rrarin. s were at this time d .un up uii the beach, (apt (, (wk dilhil.utcd r.».fal u;fl>n, among them. We made (igni ihat we wanted W(hhI lor not one word ;i then lang-iage could wr under- Hand, and in return they made ligns for ustorwdnvm the tiees. 1 hey broiiglK .. Imall pig for a pra.eotfir^ ing, and wc flattered ourlilvrs with the hope* of nro. curing more, but thele were vain and deluliv, lor we only got a fmall quantiiy o( s.Mct, and about h'lll \ doicntocoa.iuit*. 1 hey parted freely with ticrar. rows, but wc could not purchale of ihein any bowj without a great deal ol difficiihy. They did n.-t frcm to fet the leall value upon any thing we pre! nttd iluin With, nor did they like we lliould proceed farihtr th.in the beach, and feciiicd very dclirous of our tclurtiinK Ml w^- '''S ' - fi 1 u V i' ■ J ^'' Jm If- f wM ■*•■:■ --SJ- .A "^ vyIT^'^^^ ... ■ "'.'"i ^'"»^ii^„. ' 1 , ' ■ "1 ■ ■;'► i"^-' ^' vl I'li'ii/ii" , ' Bg^^H '.A«?;''^ ■"■■■ -^ .-^'^1 -"^■''? -^ ' ■' >,. ^^^«-^' --'-- . 1, -^:.:^"*f^^^^ ■W£|m^V|^^^H ^' : ■ . f '." '^'■<}:>%\ ■ ''l- -" ■^■'Ji'4'"^ " V ^,-<. » .^f-*T^i%*«w - V ^S^P^- w ■:':' '^f ^s« BB "^^v^ IRt^fl I^94HB|I^ , ^^K^rfRI^II ■ *\V V -- ^^^ 1 ; if '1^ ^^ 'k -■^"- ^"■'"-^''^^i*^ l'''il|| il ^.iilh. 'Ihc «oi Thcit fares, hca Some of the.ii .hich ihcy carrv gl rcii petticoat. tcnerJIy kept at •Ihcy wear brace ilci hogs tulVs and rings made llonc, an inch ar their nofes. whi , „„kU- water o biiiKh, a: tokci |x,»«, arrows, < , ' ,hr natives w l,..n! language. tiu :i arc not r« ,nJ i bitch, thcjf Iccmca very foiK uke^arcioprcfi on«, and »*c nan (,'ontinuing oi fo'ith ol July w 01 which *f cai ,,;t""5ferencc, i „ VVc therefor ihcn palTed a gr ^h^phcrd'3 illci brulge. Wcdi idiiids ; but tht hundred and ci(j Ijnds to confiU uhith we could tcniivi' ilUnd w« odhcfc wi calii and the largcft Sandwich, lirrt ijiiif down as V to invite us in ;i liimc likew ife o .ipixrared very with woods and .1! this tune, wi pcarcd a bay 1 Ihcltcr from the our ob)ed a» !'■ Ai(:hipeUj;0, w lion ot Sandwic 0.1 ihf lirrt < I'rillaiid, and ilhorc by vane cl'.urrd, but th BdiJei we war ihcfdorr r^ngi GUI coutle, *'t No. K; I'- l|.M COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for amking Difcoveries in the South Seat & Round the fiWlJ. 1 65 „T board: this we did after we had cut ilnun (bmc ,i,oJ, and they all retired into ditfcrt-nt pnns otche count'rv. In '''C afternoon wc obfcrvcd 1 m.m hringinfj 'uiur the buoy, which had been taken from the kcilgc "lichor; and when wc fcnt fomc of our civw :\(liorc for it, 'i'-' imnicdiatcly delivered it. This wa^ the only .kjniTthcy had attempted to »ke from ui. Capt. Cook nd Mr- t^i't'^cr went to examine fomc of their houfrs, »hich bore a refemblance to thofe on the otcjr illcs. Thfv fa* » g''"' number of fine yams, and ffveral -ig,' and fowls. They called this illand M.illicoiae, Luiher near it Apee, and a third Paoom. We went In ftatch of frelh water, but without fucttfs. The <:u- riolity of thcfe people was foon fatisficd, for none of tbeincamc on board the (hip. When they faw us un- jcr fail, they came oft' to us in a number of canoes, aati pv'c us' many proofs of their extreme honefty, uhich r.ithcr furprized us, as wc had lately been among ainollthicvilhrace. Tlic people ot this ifland are very uply and ill-pro- poriioncd, dark in their complexion, and ot a dani- |,gtivc (izc. Their heads are long, their faces Hat, and ,),cir fe.itures very much refembie thofc of a baboon : liicir beards are of a dark colour, llronj; and bulhy. Till- men ffi quite naked, except a wrapper round their Miilh. I' he women we fa w were as ugly as the men. Thcif lares, heads, and Ihoulders were painted red. Some of them had a bag round their iholders, in vhich ihcy carrv their children ; and il\cy wear ,. (ort oircii petticoat. Wc faw but few of ihtm, as thty tfncrully kept at a dillancc when we were on Ihore. qhcy «car bracelets, and ear-ringi made ot toitoile iMl. bogs tufks bent circular round the rij.^ht wrift, jnJ rings made of ftiells. l hey run a piece of white l>jnc. an inch and a half long, throu^;h the bridge of their nofes, which arc pierced for that purpofe. They Ipniikli water over iheir heads, and prcfcnt a gKcn bianch, a: tokens of friendlhip. Their wcapor** arc bcms, arrows, clubs and fpears. Thty fccm unlike J thr natives wc have met with, and fpeak quite a dif- irrriit language. Their country muft be fertile, but the Ini ts are not remarkably good. Wc left them a dog ind J bitch, they having none on the ifland, and as tht y fwiiicil very fond of them, we doubt not but thty will take lare to prcferve ihem. The harbour is a very good one, and *c named it Port Sandwich. I, iiuinumg our courfe from hence, on the twenty- foirth ol July wc difcovered feveral (mall iflands, ..in oi winch we canK very nr*r. It is al)<)ut 1 1 miles m ( a""ifcrcnce, and has three high |<>akcd b it ujmn 1! VVc therefore named it Foree \\>\\ iliand. We then paired a group of fmall llands, which we called Wuphcrd's illcs, in honour of U\. Shepherd of Cam- tiruige. We difccrned people in evuy one of thcfe lOaiids; but there were no foundings near them at one hundred and eighty fathoms. We found the lout hern Unds to confill of one large ifland, ihe extieiiiiiie» of which wc could not fee. On the north lide of this ex- tcnlivc illand we faw three or more fmallcr ones. One ofthefc wc .alicd Montague, another Hinchinbrelaj;o, wc fleered E. S. E. which wts the dircc- Moit ot Sanilwichiflind. 0.1 the lirll of Aufjufl, we gained the N. W. (ide of lieillaiid, and law (ever.\l inhabitants, whoinviirdus jihore by various figns. Here wc Iboiild have an- (horcd, but the wind obliged us to aliri if delign, lUlldci we wanted to explore the lands to the S. E. thcfcforc rangfd ilong the coaft. As we continued '/ircouile, WC fiiw A Tight Arhcudi Kod ic being near No. 19, ' cvcninp; we did ntn chufc to proceed any larthcr, but flood oft' and on all night. When the (un rofe next mornin^f it difappearcd, and wc faw not any land but the coalt we were near. On the ;jd, we fent a boat on lliorc to get fcMtic wood if podible, being much in want ol that article ; but our people could not land on ac- count of a high furf of the fea; and they faw not any natives on that part ot the ifle. Having anchored in leventeen fathoms water, under the N. W. fide of the head ot the land, we law feveral people on the fliorc, fome endeavouring to fwim oft' to US; but they all re- tired when they perceived our boat approach towards them. On the i4tli, a parry went out armed to find a proper landing place, and where we might gain a fiipply of wood and water. Wc gave the inhabitants fome medals, &:c. with which they appeared nuub pleafed, and directed us to a bay fit lor our puipofe. As we went along the (hore their numbers incrcafcd prodigioully. V^c tried feveral places to land, but did not approve of their lituation. At length wc came to a (inc landy beach, where Capt. C^ook flepped out with- out wetting his foot. He took but one man with him out of the boat, and landed in the face ot a large num- ber ol people, having only a green branch in his hand. The inhabitants received him with great politencfs. One of them, who appeared to be a chief, made the natives form a fcmicircle round the head of the boat, and chafliled fuch as attempted to picvcnt it. The captain gave this perfon feveral ai tides, and by figns lignitied his want of trelh water; upon winch a litilc was piefently prefented to liim in a bainbo.i, and having made figns lor Ibmcthing to eat, they brought him yams and cocoa-nuts. Their behaviour was in every refpecl agreeable, yet we did not nuich like their ap- pearance, as they were all aimed with bows, arrows, clubs, fpears, and darts. On this account \v>e kept a good look-out, and watchedparticulitly the motions of thechiel, who wanted us to haul the boat on Ihore. Me renewed his ligns for this to be done, and then held a conl'erente with Come of the natives. t)ne cir- cumflance appeared rather lu'picioui, he ret'iiied Ibinc (pike nails that we olfcred him. Capt. Cook immcili- .itcly returned to the boat, upon wimh they attempted by force to detain us. Very fortunately the g 'ng board hapjK-ned to be laid out tor the capt tin to urn iiiio the Iwat; tills fome of the natives unhooked ;om the llern as we were putting oil-, they then hooked it to the head of the boat, and attempted to haul her on (hore. Some of them were daring enough to take the oars out ol a lew of our peoples hands. I'hcy in (ome mtafurc delided, on Capt. Cinik's prelciiting a nuilktt. but went on again in an inllant, fecmingly determined :o haul the Uiat on thorc, and to detain us. The chief was at tiie head ol this piity, and othcis ikod at a fmall tlillance behind, with lionet, darts, and other miinic weapon;!, ready to fupport them. Ourownlafcty was now become our only coiilidciation, (or ligns and threats had not the clfect we expected. The captain therefore relolvetl to make the chief (lifter alone a victim to his own tre.K hery i but at this ( riiical mc~ iiK'iK his piece did not go otf. This incrcafcd their inlolcnce, and they began 10 allault us with lionet, dans, andanown. Wc were nnwoiileicd t>) lire. Ihe lirit difcharge threw them iiii'> coniulion ; but they wfff vtry uTiiJiaiitly driven otl the beach by the fc- cofx- After this they continued a kind of bulh fight- ing, -y throwing floncs trom behind trees, and <**^>r- tmies a dait 01 two. Four ol them lay loall ty^'it- ance dead on the fliore, biit two of them alter wards < raw led m uimm^; the bulhes. It was a fortunate nr- I unilbincc foi ilu.' jtlMilaAO, that more th.in half our inuf (uets nulled lire, i'ir c. Their compUxior^ are natuially dark ; yet they paint their faces, fomo with hiick, and lonie others with red pigment. Their hair is curly, but fomewhat woiillw 'I'he women were not \ery inviting, bein" rather uglv. Tlicy wear a petticoat made of a plant like palm leaves; and the men go in a manner naked, iiavmg only a belt and wrapper round tiieir waill. They live in hoiifes ( overeil with th.iu h, and their plantations are l.iidout byline, and ('•need kuiiuI. We law no cinoes in .iny part of the illand. OnThiirld.iy the 4th of Augul), at two o'clock I'. M. we cl aied the bay, and iK-end loi the (oiirli end of the illand. ^^ c tlilcovereiJ on the .S. W . tide ot the he.id a picttv deephav ; its lliores low, and the land aiifimd viiv leitile, hut be.ng cxpofed 10 the S. l'.. winds, until li'lier kno'.vn, we think thiit nn the N. NV. tide preferable. The [romontoiy or puiinfula, wliKhdif- [oins tl.elo t«o b,i\<, we named Trairoi's Head, front the treachcious b haviour of its inhabitants; it forms the N. F.. point ol the iflmd, atul islitiiated in the lati- tude of iS deg. 4i nun. S. and in ifiy dig. .-S min. ]■'.. longitude. It teriiiinates in a faddle hill, which may be icew 16 or ; S league'! ofl'at lea. Wc continued our (durre to the S. S. IC. when the new ilVind we had be- fore dikovered, ap(>eared over the S. I., point of one near us, diflaiu about 10 leagues. I .caving the I ill, we reertd lor the call end of the tormer, being tlire led bv a great light we law upon it. On the 5tli, at fun rile we came in light of an illand, being high taMe land, bearing I'". 1>» ■">• and alio dikovciid .mollier liUle low ilk' which «e had (viU'ed in the night. Traitor'i I lead wjsltill in light, anil the illand loihe S. exidi leii (rorn S. •' dfg. W. to •''• S7 deg. W. dillant four miles. The light fci n m thcni|rht we now found to have Ivcn n voKano. .A rumbling noife was heard, and 11 thicw iipcT^cat i|uaniities ol linokc and fire. Wenow lUl in a iiioU inlolent ininiur, Ihey attcniptciJ lu tear out Hag liom ilu ilall, wo.ild have kno'.L'd the ring's from ilit luddei, am) v.e h.id no fouiur thrown out ilic buoys ofths anchor fiotn the boats than they got hold of them. Wc fired a few mufquets in the air, of which they took no notice, but a four pounder alarmed them fo much, that thej iiiiiuca their canoes, and took to the water. But finding them, fclvcs unhurt, they got again into their canoes. Hound]! ed their weapons, halio-,;r ilic landing place as pllible, that wc might o\er,i»ti:. naiives, and cover the paity on Ihore, wt.o wciei.i > t a fupply ol woot) anil water, which wc much w.,nu I. While we were upon this bulinels, wc oblervcd theiu. tive3 allemhling liom all parts, all armeil, to the aiiiuunt ot Ionic thoulands, uhotonned theinleive^ unn t«o divilkms, as they did the prcceditu; evening, vn uih lidc the landing place. At intervals a canoe caiiir o:;' at times conducted by one, two or three men, hiiii.i;,! us cocoa-nuts, i\c. lor which they vlul noi requiit any thing in return, though we took raietliey tlioimi aUji'i have fomcthing; but thi ir [>iin( ipal intenliim leemut to be, to invite uk atliore. The oki man tirtorc men- tioned, came oil to us fev( r.il tiini>^i aiul the cjpia.i^ with a view of making him underlland that he w;inic>i to elhbliith a triendly intercom Ic, tinik his we.ip n, that were in the canoe, and threw th"!!! ovti board, an,i made him a preleiit of a piece ofi ckith. Me iiti.iir. Ilootl the mcaiiing of this, for wc faw him lrei|i;ciKlr in converlation with his counrrvnicn, to vhuin he made our requcd ki>own, going hrl' to one p.iiiy, ilic.i t>i another, i.or liid we alteiuirJs (tc hini wiili luj weapons, or in a w.iilike manner. .Soon alter a eaiioi', III wliu h were three men, came under our lUrn, on.; ui whom behaved very outi.igeoiilly, brandithing li.seiuli, .\\u\ Itr.kmg with it the Hop's tide; at kill he ollerej to exchang.- his wc.ipon lor a Hring of beads, and (,ii'.;r tritles ; thcle we fent down to himby a linc,ol whulihc had no fooner got polletlion, than he made otf, w ih. out diliverii'g his tlub. We huc tiot l.'nv lot ilii., a* 11 alloided us an opporii.wiy ul Jhewi/-., the pnmlo on Hiore the elleel >>( our lire arms. \\ e ilicKli.e, wiihout helilation, » .nplimcntid ihis fclk.w with the (oi'.ttnts ot a Iti vl.og pie, e, liuicd with linall iln;, aiul when the othtr» »c«c out ol the reach ut niul,|i..t flioi, we tir(.i lonu' iiui.{ucrooni, <.i wail pieiu h them, which made iKio i.^ke to the water. IJut ill this feemcd to mikt »vi» little imprelTion on ilic | ... |)lraHioic, vvhov!.'! to liall<»i>> and leeiuin^ily m,;.' a |oke nt It. H.ivioi .jon-d t -.c fliip, wiih htrlu.. :. lije to the laiKhng pi.i^c, anajciixcly niu!qiiet lli li!), wc planted our artuicry lit hn-.h u ni.mnci .li to com. inatui the whole harbour, tnd then emivttkcd with < paiH' of leiinen, liipjX); • ov the nuiiiv*, anj i.">. 1 to the Idiulin^', place, wiicie we have t\t(jie obK.<..i the natives were drawn up in two divu»,»os. 1x 111- ii imcdiitc I'pacc between (ticin was abotu ., w\1i, m «iudi Dllt >vaiUi i i i 1 , ' . I N ^. ^ x. A % \^^. I \ 'm ;| ] i " 1 '' »«»^«K^j<^r. ■^.u4^'' COOK'S SECON D VOYAGE— for making Di/coveries in tlie South Seas & Roiiiiti the fVorld. 1 67 which were laid a few plantains, two or three roots, jKiJ a yam. Between thefe and the water, four fmall ^Js were ftuck upright in thefand, in a line at ri^^ht jnclfs to the llioro, for what purpofc wc could not learn. Xhey remained here for fomc days. By thcfe thcold injn ftood, and two companions, uho by various li^/ns invited Mi to land, but we thought thefe a decoy, and looked fomcthing like the trap wc had like to have been caught in at the laft ifland. Wc made figns for the divifions to retire back, but to thefe they paid not thclcan: regard, their number every moment was aug- mented, and, except two or three old men, not cic un- irmed. From all thcfe circumftances we concluded ,h(v meant to attack us as foon as wc landed; but this »e wilhed to avoid, as ni.iny of them mult have been killed or wounded, and wc could not t xpctfl to come off Without fomc damage. We thought it therefore better to frightcr. thcin into a more peaceable beha- viour, and therefore a mufquct was fired over the party on oar right, which for about a minute had the deftrcd effeit, hut they foon returned to their daring behaviour. The Ihip wa« ''len ordered, by fignal, to lire two or three pnat guns, which orcfcntly difperfcd them. Wc immediately landed, and markeii out the limits on the nohtand Uft, by a line. Our old triend, who flood bij ground, wc rewarded With a prcfent. Some of the mtivcs returned, with a mOr; tiiendly afpc^lt. Many £jn)c without their weapons, bu' the grcatcft part with them. We made figns that they Ihould lay them down, indthcy gave us to underfland, that we murt lay down ou[< tirft. Thus both fides ftood under arms, and the prcfi-niswe made to the old pcopL had little influeiKc en their conduCL Many vicre a'raid to touch wh.it belonged to us, and climbing 'he cocoa-nut trees, they threw us down the nuts, but they fccnicd to have nonoiionol exchanging one thing foi another, though »cal*ay'> took care they Jliould have a compcnfatioa. We took tiie old man (whofc name we now found to Ik- Piowin^O '" ^^^ wood>», and mide him undcrlland wc wintal to cut down funic trees, to whiih he readily fonftntcd, provided fruit trees •"'ore not of the num. her. At the fame time we cut down lomc trees, which viciHit into our boats, and a few fm:ill cafks of water, »,th a viov of letting the natives fee what wc chici'.y »jmcd. Thus far matters were pretty well fettled : »c iiturncd on board to dinner, and they all difpcrfid. Iiiihr altcinoon a fidiing party went out. Wc lo.Klcti iht IuhkH viiih water, and having made three hauls wi;h ilir (i inc, caught upwards of joo pounds of niiil- Irt.ind other fill. Duri;ig this time nut ubove thiity (I ihe natives appeared; among whom waj our trudy liicml ftowang, who made us a prefent of a \)\a, the oiilvdncwcgot at this place. Throughout the night the Mil. uio, which was alwut four milen to the well of us, fimttdv.irt qiijiititirs of fire and fiiiokc, attentledby a vwiuit rumbling noife: this was incrcafed by a heavy flwwtr of rain, which fell at this tinir. The 1 >s taking in wood and water, they began again to be troublcfome, watching every opportunity to level their arrows at the guard, and fccined lo lie retrained only by the fear of their mufquets from proceeding to ex- iremiiy. It is more than probable, however, that an net of violence on the part of our men, might, by a wanton ufe ol their fire-arms, have caufcd their rellLnt- mcnt; for in the afternoon of this day, a few boys, having thrown two or three ftoncs at the wood-cutters, they were fired at by the petty officers prefent on duty. Having occalinn for fome large timber to repair the decays of the (hip, orders had been given a lew days lielbre, to cut down a tree of vart growth ; and tor the convenience of getting it aboard, to faw it into three pieces. This tree (o divided, the natives eyed with |)leafure, not lufpci-'ting our men intended to carry it off, but to leave it in compliment to them, as it fuited exa>5tly their ideas of conlfruOingjurt iloubic the num- ber ot canoes. To the cutting down and fawing the trees the natives made no oppolition ; but when they faw the failors employed in rolling down the body of the tree to the v*ater'.s edge, they could not help look- ing fiirlv; and one of them, probably more inierclfed than the rcH, was Irciiutntly feen to otfer his fpear at the lalMiurcrs, but was reftraincd for fear of the guard; at length he watclrcd his opportunity, anti, llaiiing from behind a biilli, was levelling an arrow at the commanding officer, w hen he was difcovcfcd, ajid /luit dead, I'hc ball tore his arnv to piecea, and en- tered his fide. His companions inftanrly carried off the body, and laid it in the wood, where the (hip's fur- geon went to examine it, but found the man totally d(|jrived of life. Capt. Cook was much di^Ieafcd with the conduct of ihcfc ofTiccis, and took meafurcs to prevent a wanton u(e of fir* arms for the future. The Ihip's ( omiiany were now permitted to go afliorc only by nuns, lor the iinfervation of their health ; and the < .iptain knowing the natives wanted nothing fo much as an opportunity to revenge the death of their com- panions, llrilclvcs and with their neighbours. Wemiiil hero obfcrvc, that fome of our gentlemen wire ofopinioii, that thefe people were addidcd to an un- lutural pallton, Mr. Forlki's man, who carried his plant hag, having been once or twice attempted : but lithe carrying ot bundles is the olhce of the women of t ihis country, others thought, the natives might mif- take hiin lor a woman. This man was to-day one of our party, and as he followed the captain down the hill, having his bag as ufual, wc plainly underftood by iht conveifation and aclions of the natives, that they fonlideidl him ai a female; and when by fome means thcv dilcDM-red their miftake, they exclaimed, with muchfiiip"". Erramangc! l-.rramange ! It is a man I it li a man ! Every one now perceived, and was well jlliirrd, they had before miitakcn his fex ; and litncc It IS plain, how liable we arc to form falfe con- .(Clures ami opinions of a people, with whofc language j,c are not much acquainted : for had we not now ban undei cived, it is not to be doubted but that thefe pwpic would have been charged with the odious pijiccol whi^ they had through ignorance been fuf- BccKd. • II J I. In the evening, a party of us again walked into the tiiuntry on the other fide of the harbour, where wc mi! from the natives, among whom was Paowang. fikndly treatment. They difcovered a rcadinefs to oblige us in every thing in their power. Wc entered ihf village we had vilitcd on the 9th inftant, containing ibiut 20 hoiifes. built like the roof of our thatched dwellings in England, with the walls taken away, and open at hoth ends 1 but others arc partly clofed with i:cili, and all were covered with palm thatch. Some i;c 40 feet long, and 16 in breadth. Helides thefe, wc fiw (iiIki mean hovel'*. One of thcfc was fcparated \\m ilio others by a reed fence, and we undcrllood a forpfc «as dcpofitcd therein. At one end of the hut tiunga balket, with a piece of roaftcd yam, and fome Icivis quite Irelh. We had a ftrong inclination to fee ihi- iiilKle, but the man peremptorily rcfufed our irqiifrt. lie would neither remove the mats with vimhonc end of the hut was clofed up, nor fuffcrus M do III and (hewed an unwilUngncfs to permit us to |,iok into the bafkct. He had two or three locks of human hair tied by a firing round his neck, and • »onuii piclcnt had feveral about her neck. Wc would have piirchafed them, but they cave us to undcrftand hy figns, that they were t part of ihe hair of the de- No. JO. ccafed, and on that account they could not part with them. This cuftom is limilar to that among the na- tives of Otaheite and New Zealand, the former make Tamau of the hair of their departed friends, and the latter ear-rings and necklaces of their teeth. Not far from molf of the large houfes, the ftems of four cocoa-nut trees were fixed upright in the ground, in a (quarc, about three Icet from each other, for the pur- pofe of hanging cocoa-nuts to dry. Ncarmofi of them is alfo a large tree or two, whofc branches afford an agreeable retreat from the heat of the Icorching fun. i'his part of the ifiand is well cultivated, abounding with plantains, roots, and fruit treci. One of our peo. pic weighed a yam which exceeded 55 pounds. The trees too arc of an extraordinary fize: but a wide circle in the interior part of the ifland, difcovered nothing to the eye but a dreary walle, <;ovcred with cinders, and tainting the air with fulphur. Other furrounding ifianda looked plcafant to the eye j but according to the rcpoit of the natives of Tanna, abounding in nothing of which the/ themfelvcs could want. On Monday the 15th, preparations were continued on board to fet fail, the fhip was finoakcd above and below: the hold frtfli flowed ; the ballall Ihiftcd; tho wooding and watering were (iniflud; the rigging fetting ups and a few hands only were on (horc making brooms 1 in ihort every thing was placed in (uch order, as if the (hip had Ixcn but jull (ittcd out at home for a long voyage. One of the botanical party this day (hot a f) gen, in the craw of which was a wild nutmeg. Mr. - I'oiller endeavoured, without fucccis, to (ind the tree. During; their excuilion, they obferved in mod of the U\oM plantations deep holes dug, four feet deep, and hvc in diameter, which, on eiuiuiry, wc found were dc(igi|cd as I raps to catch rats in. 'J'hcfe animals, fo dediuo.tive to iugar-cancs, arc here in great plenty. Round the cdi^e of thcfc pits, as a decoy, and that the rats m.iy be more liable to tumble in, the canes are planted as thick as |v)llible. On the 16th, we found our tiller very much damaged, and by neglect, wc had not a (pare one aboard. We knew of but one tree in the neighbourhocni that would do for our purpofc. 1 nc carpenter was fent allinre to examine it, and upon his report t party of men were directed to cut it down, after the con'lnt of the natives had been obtained. They did not make the lealV objection, and our men went inllantly to work. Much time was neccfT.iry to cut It down, as the tree was large; and before they had linilhed their work, word was brought to the captain, that our friend I'aowang was not plealed. I'aowang was li-nt for, and our ncceflity explained to him. We then nude him a prel'ent of a piece of cloth and a dog, which readily obtained his confent, and the voices of thole who were w ith him in our favour. Hav- ing thus obtained our point, we conducted our friend on l)Oard to dinner; after which we went with him alhorc to pay a vilit to an old chief, who was faid to be the king ot the illand; though as Faowang took little notice of him, wc doubted the fj(i. His name was Geogy. He hid a chearful open countenance, though he was old, and wore round his wailt a broad red and white checqiicrcd belt. His (on was with him, who could not be leis than 50 years old. At this time 4 gn at concourfc of people from diltant parts were af- femblcd near the watering place. The behaviour of many was friendly; o( others darintr and inOOntj which we did not think prudent to reient, as our fiay was nearly at an end. On Wednelday, the 17th, Old Gcogy, and his (on, with feveral of his friends, dined with us on board the Ihip, every part of which they viewed with iin» common attention and furprize. They made a hearty dinner on a pudding made of plantains and gic<.ns| but would hardly taltc our fait beef and pork. In the afternoon they were conduded alhorc by the captain, after he had prefented them with a hatchet, fome me- dals and a fpikc nail. On the i8rh, the capt.iin and Mr. Forfter tried, with Fahrcnneit'i thermometer, when the tide was out, the head of one of the hot fpringii and where the water bubbled out of the land a U from If 1 1' n mm V\^l ^B( VjIi 1 1 l^nr *Jp< f s \ 1 J jHflp' # 1. \ Hi My \M tt,! « fi ■i? \H'- 1 1 .;lf II V. i 'm\ 170 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. COOK'S SEC \\\'. • from under the rock, at the S. W. corner of the har- bour, the mercury rofc to 202 deg. It is an opinion with philofophers, that volcanos mud be on the fum-* mits of the hij;hert hills » yet, this volcano is not on the higheft part of the ridge, but on the S. E. fide of it ; and fome of the hills on this ifland are more than dou- ble the height of that on which the volcano is, and clofc to it. Nor is it Icfs remarkable, that in wet or moift weather, the volcano is more violent in its erup- tions. We muft h;re cr-'Ucuc ourfelvcs with Dating fadls : the philofophical reafoning on thefc pha-no- mena, »c leave to inen of more abilities, whofc talents itiay lay in this line. On Friday the lyth, wc pre- pared for failing, as the tiller was finilhed i but the wind being unfavourable, the guard and a parry of men were lent afliorc, to bring oft" the remainder of the tree from which we had cut the tiller. The cap- tain went with them, and found a good number of the natives colleded together near the landing-pla';c,among whom various articles were diftributed. At the time our people were getting fome large logs into the boat, the fcntiy prefented his piece at one of the natives, and, without the Icaft apparent caufe fired at, and killed him. A few of the natives h;ur condut^t juftified fuch a coiidulion. We never gave them the leaft mo. legation I nor did we touch any part of their property, not even th< ir wood and water, without having firit ob- ta ned their confent. Even the cocoa-nuts hanging over the heat's of the workmen, were as fafe as thole in the middle of the ifland. We caught a large quan- tity of filb, and were tolerably well fupplied by the na- tives with fruit and roots ; and lliould certainly have obtained more refrcihnu iits, had wc had any thing on board that fuited their tadc. Our cloth was of no ufe to thofc who go naked, and they had not any know- ledge of the utility of iron. Ihoiigh the people of this ifland, after teelingthe elfeclbof the European fire arms, were peaceable, they were not in general friindly ; nor were they like the Iiilians 111 the Society Ifles, fond of iron: they wifhed fi fome of the tools with which they faw our feamen cut down wood ; hut, except an adze or two, they ncvtr aiteinptid to Ueal any thing. The coopers left thc^r calks during the (tight un- guarded : nor were they under any apprehenfions about their cloaths, which they fuffered to lie carclelly here and there while they were at work. Thefe people dif. covered none of that difpofition to thievery uhich it has been faid every Indian inherits naturally. In ihcir courfe of trade, they totally difregarded beads and baubles, and fecmed to prefer Rotterdam filh hooki and turile-fhell, to every thing elfe that was oflacd them. They would not permit the failors to have any communication with their wives; nor were they calily perfuaded to part with their arms on any accr jnt. I he produce of the ifland they freely parted with, not re. quiring any thing in return; but on whatever was be. (towed labour in the conflrudion, they fct a high value. This ifland of Tanna produces abundance of plan. tains, cocoa-nuts, bread fruit, yams, a kind of potatoc a fruit like a nedarine, wild figs, fugar-cane, and a' fruit not unlike an orange, but which is never tatcn. The bread fruit, cocoa-nuts, and plantains, are neither fo plentiful, nor fo gtxxl, as at Otaheite ; but fugar. canes and yams are of fu{>erior quality, and much larger. We faw here a few fowls, and a great number of hogs, but the latter did not fall to our lot ; and ue did not fee in all our excurfions any other domclhc animals. Wc met with fome fmall birds, with a moft beautiful plumlge, which we had never feen before. Our botanifts found many curious plants and trees; as great a variety as at any ifland we had vifited. The m. habitants appear to fubfifl chiefly on the produclions of the land, and are not much indebted to the fea, though there are plenty of fifh on the roafl. Wc never found any fifhing tackle among them, nor faw any one out a fkfbing, except on the (hoals, or along the Ihntes of the harbour, where they would flrike with a dart fuch fifh as came within their reach, and in this art they were very expert. They were furprizcd at our method of catching fifh with the fcinc, and, we be. lieve, were not well pleafed with our fucccfs. The fmall ifle of Irr.ntJcr was chiefly inhabited by fiilicrmcn, and the canoes we faw pafs to and from the ifle, and the eafl point of the harbour, we obfervcd were hfhing ca- noes. Thefe were of unequal fizes, and compofcd of feveral pieces of wood clumfily fcwed together. The joints are covered on the outfide by a thinTiatren cham. percd off at the edges, over which the bandages pafs. The fail is lattecn, extended 10 a yard and hoom, and hoif>ed to a fhort mafl. Some of the large canoes have two fails, and all of them out-riggers. They arc navj. gated either bvpaddlri or fails. Thefc people have little refemblanceoraRinity to thofc of the Friendly Iflands, and thofc of Mallicollo, eicepc in their hair, which ii much like what the people of the latter ifland have. The colours are black and brown, growing to a tolerable length and cU^tV. They part it into fmall locks, v hich they cue rouitd with the rind of a flender plant, down 10 about an inch of the cnHi. Each of thefe locks is lomewhal thicker than the com- mon whip-cord; and they appear like a parcel of .'mall firings hanging down from the crowns of their heads. Their beards arc generally Ihort, flrong and bulhy. The women wear their hair cropped, as do the boys, till thiy approach manhood. Wc took Ibinc pains to difcovcr how far their geogra- phical knowledge extended, and found it not 10 a- ceed the limits of their horizon. To Erronan v»c may afcribc one of the two languages they fpeak, «hich 1$ nearly, if not cxadly, the fame as that fpoke at the Friendly Iflands. It is therefore probable, that by a long intcrcourfc with Tanna, and the other migli- bouring iflands, ea' h hath learnt the other's lan^;u igc, which they fpeak indifcriminatcly. I'he other laiigiwge which the people of Tanna, Erromango, and Aniiamm fpeak, is properly their own It is ditfcient from any i we had before met with, and bears no affinity to that of Mallicollo ; from whence we conclude, that the natives of thefe iflands are a dillind naiioi of thimldvos. Mallicollo, Apec, &c. were names unknown to thtm; they even knew nothing of Sandwich Ifland, which is ] much the nearer. Tncic people are rather flender j jiude, I .WKlie*l!i9 COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dtjcoveriet in the South Seas & Round the fVorld. i y\ nuJc, and of the middle fizc. 'Ihcy have agreeable countenances, good features, and arc very active and nimble, like the oiheMropical inhabitants. The fe- niales are put to all laborious works ; and the men walk unconcerned by their fide, when they are loaded with heavy burdens, befidcs a child at the buck. Perhips the men think, that their carrying their arms, and defending them, is fufficicnt. We often faw large parties of women carrying various kinds of articles, and a party of men armed with clubs and fpears to defend them, though now and then we have feen a man carry a burden at the fame time, but not often. The women ofTannaare not very beautiful, yet they arc certainly handfome enough for the men. who put them to all kinds ot drudgery. Though both men and women are dark coloured, they are not black, nor do they bear any refemblance to negroes. They make thenifclvcs blacker than they really arc, by painting their faces of the colour of black-lead. They ufe alio a fort of pig- ircnt which is red, and i third fort brown, all thcfc, cfpccially thefirft, they lay on with a liberal hand, no: only on the face, but on the neck, (boulders, and bread. The women wear a petticoat made of leaves, and the men nothing but a belt and wrapper. Bracelets, ear- riiijis, and amulets, are indifcriminately worn by both fcxrs. The aniulets arc made of the green Hone of Zcahin I ; the bracelets of fea -lliells or cocoa-nuts j and the necklaces, chiefly worn by the women, moftly of lea lliclls. The valuable car-rings are made of tor- toift'lhcll. Some of our people having got fome at the Friendly iflands, brought it to a good market here, iiherc It was more eftccmed than any thing we offered to laie. Hence we concluded thcle people caught but ftw turtle, though one was feen juft as we got under fill lo^vards the time of our departure, the natives bcj^in tnc-nquirc after hatchets and large nailsj from »hii' w\- concluded, that they had found iron to be of iiuic value and ufe than (lone, fliells, or bones, of which their tools are made. Their flone hatchets arc nn Ihafied like an adze, as in the other idands, but more like an ax ; and in the helve, which is pretty thick, is nude a hole, into which the ftone is fixed. If we except the cultivation of the ground, thcfc peo- ple have few arts worth men 'vng. They make a caiffe kind of matting, and doiu f the bark of a tree, ufid chiefly for belts. The worKmanfhip of th'-ir caniies is very cluinfy ; and their arms come far fhort cl others we had fceh, L.cir weapons arc bow... ar- rows, ftoncs, club», fpears, and darts. On the lall they Uce mod dependence, and thcfe are pointed with three irdcd edges. In throwing thrm, they make ufe oiabecket, that is a piece of ftiR ;ilait«d Cord about fix inchcj long, with an eye at one nd, and a knot at the other. The eye is fixed on the fore finger of the rinht hand, and the other end is hitched round the dart, where it is nearly on an equipoife. Thoy hold the dart between the thumb and remaining; fingers, which I'trve only to give it dirccSlion, the velocity being coinniunicattd by the beckct and fotc finger. The former Hies off from the dart the inftant its velocity be- comes greater than that of the hand, but it remain' n the finger ready to be ufcd again. They kill both birds and fifli with darts, and arc pretty certain of hitting the mark, within u e coinpafs of a crown of a ha;, fuppofe the objcdt to be (.)itlant eight or ten yards ; but if twice that diftance, it n chance if th'y hit a mark thcfizeof a man's body, though t icy vil rhrow the weapon 60 or 70 yards ; for they alw.'.yst throw with all tli.ir might, let the diftance be » hat ii may. Their arrows are made of rceda pointed with nnrJ «(X)d. Some arc bearded ; fome not; and thofe i h to an mch and a haifdiaractcr. Thcfc arc generally kept in their belts. livery one carries a club, and befidcs that, cither darts, or a bow and arrows, but never both. One of our gen- tlemen on board, made the following remarks on the amis of thefe people, which wc (hall here infert in his own words. " 1 mull confcfs, I have often been led to think the feats which Homer reprcfcnts his Tic foes" as" performing with their fpears, a little too much of the marvellous to be admitted into an heroic poem; I mean when confined within the (trait (lays of Ariftotlc. Nay, even fo great an advocate for him as Mr. Pope, ac- knowledges them to be furprizing. But fince 1 have feen what thefe people can do with their wooden fpearu, and thofe badly pointed, and not of a very hard m- ture, 1 have not the leaft cKception to any one paffagc in that great poet on this account. But if I fee fewer exceptions, I can find infinitely more beauties in hiin ; a.s he has, I think, fcarccly an adion, circumftance, or defcription of any kind whatever, relating to a fpcar, which I have not feen and recognifcd among thcfe people; as the whirling motion, and whiflling noife, as the fpears fly ; their quivering motion, as they (lick in thegroundjthe warriors meditatingthciraim, when they aregoingtothrow ; andtheirfhakingthcm intheir hand, or brandifliing them, as they advance to the attack, &c." As to the religion and government ot thefe people,, we are little acquainted with the lafl, and to the firft are utter flrangcrs. Chiefs they feem to have among them ; at lead fome were announced to us as fuch, but they appeared to have very little authority over the reft of the people. Old Geogy was the only one to whom we law a particular refpecfl paid ; but whether this was owing to his rank or age, wc cannot fay. On many occafions we have feen the old men refpedted and obeyed. Paowang was fo, yet we never heard him called chief, nor could we perceive he had any more power than his neighbours, and wc may fay the fame of every other pcrfon in our neighbourhood. The Reiolution being the firll (hip that ever entered this harbour, Capt. Cook named it Port Refolution. It is fituatcd on the north lidc of the moft eaftern point of the illand, and about E. N. E from 'he volcano, in latitude 19 deg. 3:: min. 25 fee. and half fouth, and in 169 deg. 44 min. 35 fee. caft longitude. It is but a fmall creek, running in S. by W. half W. three quarters ofa mile, and is aboi.t half that in breadth. The depth of water in the harbour is about fix to three fathoms, the bottom fand and mud. The landing place is ex- ceeding convenient for taking in wooti and water, both of thcle ncceffary articles being near the (horc. After the water had been a few days on board it ftunk, but turned fwect a^in ; and when at the worft the tin ma- ' hine would, \n a few hours, recover a whole catk. We now ftietched, with a fre(h gale, to the caftward, in order to have a nearer view of Erronan. Having "*red this illand at midnight, wc tacked, and on '^un- ' the lift, df. red S. W. intending to get to the u. h of Tanna, ^nd nearer Annatom ; for though the moring was clear, we had made nu difcovery of any iflani!< to the eaft. At noon, in latit jde jo deg. 33 min. \o fee. »'ort Refolution bore north, 86 deg. well, diftant about 1 8 miles : Tanna extended from fouth, Sg deg. W. to N. 64 deg. W. Traitors Head north 8 deg. W. diftant 60 miles ; the ifland of Erronan, north, 86 deg. E. dilhint i j mi!' , and Annatom from S. half E. to S. half W. diftani 50 miles .Vt two o'cl<*k P. M feeing no more .and ahead of us, we bore up round the S. E. end of Tanna, anrl ran along the fouth coaft at one league from (hore. It fcemed to be a bold one unguarded by rocks, and the country made a fine appearance, full as fertile as that in the vicinity of the harbour. At fix o'cltx k we faw over the weft end of Tanna, in the direction of north 16 deg. W. the high land of Erromango. We paffcd the iftand at ei(;ht, ind Ihaped our courfe for Sandwich Ifie, in order to complete our obfcrvations on that, and of the iflcs to the N. W. At four o'clock P. M. we ap- proached the S. E. end. We found it to trend in the direftionof W. N. W. In the middle of this range, very near the (hore, we difcovered three or four fmall iflcs, behind which appeared a fafc anchorage. Wc continued our run along the coaft to its weftern ex- tremity, and then ftcercd N. N. W. from the S. E. end of Mallicollo. On the a3d, wccame in fight of the iflands Pa-oom, Apec, and Ambry m. The fiiil of thcfc appeared now I! ' >* I k| ^.^m' I:- •i^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) {./ <. XT . "^ l/.x u.. 1.0 I.I ■^■^8 |2.5 ^ 1^ 12.2 2.0 lb 1.25 |||,. 4 1^ ^ 6" ► O^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 W3iT MAr- WIUTift, M.y (7U) 472- '9 STR6I7 . MSM 4503 4 \ 172 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ,.1,^ to be two iflands. Wc continued our courle to wit htif a leaffue of MallicoIIo, on the S. W. fide, wnich wc ranged at that diftance. The diredion of the Mnd, from the S. E. point is W. by S. for about fix leagiics, and then N. W. by W. for three leagues, terminating in a high point or head land, in latitude i6 deg. 29 roin. to which the name was given of S. W. Cape. The coad is low, indented with creeks, and projcdting points ; but, probably, thefe points might be little ifles under (hore. One we know to be fuch, lying be- tween two and three leagues of the cape. A round rock, or iflot, which, by an elbow in the coaft, forms a fine bay, lies clofc to the weft lldc, or point of the cape, connciflcd with it by breakers. We were aarcc- ably furprized with the beauty of the forcfts in Milli- collo, from whence wc faw fmoke afccnd in various places, a plain indication of their being inhabited : the circumjacent land appeared yery fertile and popu- lous. Wc obferved troops of natives on fevcral parts of the (hore; and two canoes put off to us, but as we did not ihorten fail, they could not overtake the fiiip. The moft advanced land from the S. W. cape, bore N. W. by N. at which it ftemed to terminate. At noon we were two miles from the coaft, and by obfer- vation we found our Utitudc to be 16 deg. 22 min. 30 fee. S. and our never failing watch lliewed, that «c were 16 min. W. of it. At this time the S. W. cape bore S. 26 deg. H. and the moft advanced point of land for which we fteered, bore N. W. by N. We had run the length of it by three o'clock P. M. and found the land trending more and more to the north. We reached its utmoll extremity after dark, when we were near enough the lliorc to hear the voices of the people, who were affcmbled round a fire they had made on the beach. We now hauled round the point, flood again to the north, and fpcnt the night in Bougainville's paflage, be- ing afTurcd of nur fituacion before fun-fct. On Wcdncfday, the 34th, wc had advanced nearly to the middle of the patfage, and the N. W. end of Mall icollo extended from S. 30 deg. E. toS. 58 deg. W. Wc now fteered N. by E. then north along the call coaft of the northern land. At firft this coaff appeared continued, but we found it was compofcd of^ fevcral low woody iflcs, moft of them of fmall extent, except the fouthermoft, which in honour tothc c .y, was named St. Bartholomew. It is near Icvcn leagues in circum- ference, and forms the N. E. point of IJougainvillc's palTage. Wc continued our courfe N. N. VV. along a fine coaft covered with woods ; in Ibme places were white patches which wc judged to be chalk. On the aah, at day break, we were on the north fide of the ifland, and lleercd weft along the low land under it. for the bluff head 1 beyond which, at fun rife, we faw aa elevated coaft, ftretching to the north, as far as N. VV. by W. Having doubled the head, we perceived the land to trend touth, a little eafterly, and to form a large deep bay, bounded on the weft bv the almve mentioned coall. It was our opinion, and every thing confpircd to make us conclude, that this was the bay of St. Philip and St. Jago, difcovcrcd by Quiros in 1606. Ill order to determine this point, we ftrctched over to the wcli fhore, from which wc were one league at noon, and in latitude 14 deg. 55 min. jq fee. S. and in 167 deg. 3 min. E. At half paft four o'dtKk P. M. wc were only two miles from the weft fliore, to » hich wc had been drove by a N. E. fwcll. 1 Irrc wc faw large bodies of the natives collcdcd together. Some ventured off in canoes t but they took I'udden fright at fomcthing, nor could all our figns of friend* (hip iivliicc them to come along-fidc. Their nakedncfs was covered with fonic fiaK-grafg, faftencd to a belt, and which hung down, nearly as low ai their knees : this was their only covering. Their complexion was very dark and their hair woolly, or cut Ihort. The calm continued till near eight o'clock, and in the interval of time, wc were drove into eighty>five fathom water j fo that we were under the apprehenfioni of being obliged to anchor on a lee fliore, m a great depth, and in a gloomy dark night 1 but contrary to our cxpedla- tions our fears were removed i for a breeze fprung up 3 at E. S. E. and when we had hardly room to veer the ftiip caiTic about 5 our fails filled nn the ftarboard tack! and we (fuch was the kind interpofition of an invifSe' agent) flood oft N. E. On the 26th. we were abou eigh miles from the head of the bay, that is term" nated by a low beach ; behind which is anextenfive (L covered with wood, and bounded on each fide by a ridm. of mountains. We found our latitude at noon to be u deg. s mm. S. and at one o'clock, having a breeze at N by W. wc fteered up to within t«o miles of the head of the bay. Mr. Cooper and Mr. Gilbert were C out to found and reconnoitre, while we ftood off- and onwiththefliip. By this, time and opportunity Ce aftorded tor three failmg canoes to come Vp. which had been followmg us. They would not come alonc-fidc but advanced near enough to receive fuch thinu,,, were thrown out to them, faftencil to a rope. Thcv '^§'^"'5^ '°^ °* '^'^ '""'' "'°"'- " '*'« inhabitants of Mallicollo, but were ftoutcr made and taller: thei beards were frizzled and their hair woolly: yet fi-vrr^ circumftances concurred to make us t!-,,u th.y wcrcof another nation. The numerals, as tar as fix. they » prelled in the language Anamocha, and called the ad' jaceni lands by the fame names. Some had their haiJ iong. tied upon the crown of the head, and ornamented with feathers like the New Zcalanders. Othcrnore a white fliell tied on their foreheads. They wore brace lets on their arms, and a belt round their waifts. W were painted with a blackifti pigmem. They had S^fii'!!:"'' '..^T' ^^''^ looked like inftrunamslo caich Hlh, and the only arms we faw among them «e,e gigs ana darts. Their canoes were moft hkc thofc of 1 anna, and navigated in much the fame manner. Thev gave us the names of fuch parts as wc pointed t..j but henameof the ifland we could not get Irom thtm 0. the return of the boats wc were inf..rmcd by M Cooper and others, that they had landed at the head of the bay. near a fine ftream of frefti water. Wc fnH^h '^"*."''''='«y.. being not in want of any thmjr, and the wind having ftufted to S. S. E. Throughout lUc lore part of the niglit. on the weft fide of the (hore the country was illuminated with fires, Ton, the fea (h<,re to the fummit of the mountains. On Saturday the syth, at day-break. wc found ourfelves two thirds down the bay. and at noon wc were the length of the N W. point, which bore N. 82 deg. W. diftant five miles, and by obfervation our latitude was .4 dec ;« mm. 30 fee. Some of our gentlemen were doubtful oi this being the bay of St. Phiflnand St. Jago, becaufcno place anf wercd to the |H>rt of Vera Cruz j but the cap. lain gave very good reafons for a contrary opinion. \ port IS a very vague term, like many othm in Reo- graphy i and what Quiros calls the port of Vera Qui, might be the whole haven or harbour, or the anchorage at the head of the bay, which in fome places m..y ex- tend farther off than where our boats landed The river was probably one of thofc mentioned by Quiroi, and. if wc were not deceived, wc faw the other 1 he bay is every where free from danger, and of an unlathoinaMc depth, except near the fliores, which are for the moft part low. It hath Hxty miles fea coaft 1 c.ghtcenonihecaftfide, which lies in the direilion of S. half W. and N. half E. fix at the head ; and thirty- fix on the weft fide, the diredion of whit h is S. by E. and N. by W. from the heail down to two thirds of in length, and then \. W. by N. to the N. W. point. The two points which form the entrance of the bay, arc in the ».liredtion of S. 53 deg. E. an 1 N. u deg. W. diftant fiom each other thirty miles. Thclw), as well as the Hat land at the head of it, ji bounded by a ridge of hills: one to the weft is very high, and ex- tends the whole length of the ifland. Upon thii .i|)- ocared a luxuriant vegetation wherever the eye turned. Rich plantations adorned the fides of the hills, lorelli reared their towered heads 1 and every valley uas wi- tcred with a running ftream 1 but of all the produc tioni of nature he cocoa-nut trees were the moll con- fpicuoui. Capt. Cook named the cart point of the bay CapcQijiros, in memory of iiifirft dfcoverer. It ii in lat. 14 deg. 56 min. S. and in 167 deg. 13 min.E. COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— lor making DIJcoveries in the South Seas &i Round the fyor/d. 1 73 longitude. The N. VV. point he named Cape Cutn- bcilaiid, in honour of his royal hi^hnclstlic duke. This Ijfsin latiti'de of 14 deg. 38 win. 45 icr. S an.i in Inngitudc 166 deg. 49 niin. 30 fee. E. It is the N. VV. extremity of this Archipelago. On the j8th, and 29ih, lit took every opportunity, when the horizon wis clear, [uliKjk out for n»orc land, but none was fetn : it is pro- bable that there i? none nearer than Qiieen Charlotte'* llland, difcoverc'j jy Capt. Carteret, about 90 leagues jij.M. W. froi', Cape Cumberliuid, and the Captain ilioutiht this to be the fame with Quiros's Sania Cruz. Qn Tiirfday the 30th, we plyed up the coaft with a lidh breeze. On Wednefday the 31ft, we weathcreiJ the S. W. point of the ifland. The coaft which trends call, northerly, is low, and feemed to form fnmc creeks or tovfs ; and as we pot farther into the pafTage, we per- cdvedfome final! low jllei lying along it, which fcemed 10 extend behind St. Bartholomew Iflund. ( 'aving no* explored the whole Archipelago, ihe feafon of the war iniide it neccffary to return to the fomb ; but we h.i yet fomr time left to make obfervations on any land f( might difcover l>etwren this and New Zealand 1 at vhichl.ill placeiheCapuin intended 10 Couch, in order toitcruir our Itock of wood and water for another fouthrri* c ourfe. I'o this end, at five o'clock P. M. we ijrkcJ, and hauled to the fouthward, with a trefhuale 11 S. E. At thi.s time the S. VV. point of the Itland Xiirradel Efpiritu Santo, the only remainiot(.^iiros's ciiniinent, bore north 82 dcg. VV. which Capt. Cook Minici Cape Liftxirne. It lie.i in Utitude 15 deg. 40 mil. and in 165 deg. 59 min, eaft longitude. Ii may wrh.ip» be ple.iling to our readers to give a fiunmary jnl more aiturate view of the ifljnds in this Archi- wli.o, as the foregoing account, being given journal- Tire, imy not be thought (x-rfpicuous, or plain enough, flihirin to lituation or defcrijnion. The iflaiuls which conipofe this Archipelago are not olilmuinbered. Wc counted upwards of (evenly in light at one time ; and they frem to be inhab led by mfk of very different natures and complexions. Siinirwe law were woolly*headcd, and of the African iHv; ottiers were of a copper colour, not unlike the Nt*ZfjlaiHlersi fome were of tlir mulatto colour, and r,.ijfcw like the natives of Roitcid;in>, of a brownifli bijik, »ith long hair and Ihnrii beards. The high iiMK)n<, however, that were entertained of the vaft nrks of rhrl'c illands, of their abounding in pearls, Mvrrorr, and precious tVnnes lio t>or feem well founded, Dfiihfr does the ifland of Manicola anfwer by any piMm, the pompous defcripiion given of it by the Sp«ml1i writers, who fo«inort on the relation (ilan liidMi) chief, and on that of a ciiptive, whom (^liroj leized, and carried to Mexico. From the Iwmfrtjniros learned, that to the N. W. of hit country (Tiumaco) there were more than f>o illands, and a large (ountty, which he called Maniculst that, to explain ikh were fmall, he made circlet, and pointed to the In aiih \\\% linger, and made (igns that it furrounded ih«lanil; andloi the larger he m;iilc greater circles, and I ikf fame ligni j ami for that laigc ctnintry he opened llwhhisarms, without joining them again, thereby in- |tiiniiin!>, that It extended witho ousi »nd the hills in many parts rife direittly from th< fea. Every place, except the cliflFs, it beautifully adorned with w It lies in the direction of N. W. by W. and S. Ii. by £ We viewed the N. W. coaft ofthis ifland only a: a dil tance. From the fouth end of Mallicollo, to the N. W end of Sandwich Ifle, the dillance, in the dircdimo ( S. S. E. is s2 leagues. XIX. Erramango lies in the fame direiflion ; and i fltuated 1 8 leagues from Sandwich Ifland. h is abci 75 miles in circumference. The middle of it is in |) titude 18 deg. 54 min. longitude 169 deg. 19 min. f From the dillance we were off when we tirll faw u , appeared of a good height. XX. Tanna. This ifland is iituated fix leagues frot the fouth ftdc of Erromango, extending S. £. by S. an N. W. by N. It is about 34 miles long in that dirn tion, and every where about nine or twelve ta\U broad. XXI. Annatom. This is the foiithernmoft ifsni and lies in latitude so deg. 3 min. longitude 1 70 dci 4 min. and 1 2 leagues from Port Refolution, fouth ] deg. E. Its furfiicc is hilly, and of a tolerable hcighi more we cannot fay of it. XXII. Imincr, which is in the dire^ion of N. t E. half E. four leagues from Port Refolution in Tanna and, XXIII. Erronan, or Footoona, eaft, lies in the ftm diredion, diflant 1 1 leagues. This illand is the mo eaflcrn of all the Hebrides, and appeared to be moi than five leagues in circumference. It is h'gh, and the top flat. A fmall peak, fecmingly disjainrd froi the ifle, though we thought it was connc(;icd by lo land, lies on the N. E. fide. This is an accurate de cription of the principal iflands in the Archipelag to which our commander gave the name of tl Hebrides ; but, as we have before obfcrved, there n many others of lefler note, of which we had only tranlient view, and therefore cannot pretend to de cribc. To this account, in order to render it complete, 1 fluU annex the lunar obfervations, made by oar alln nomer, Mr. Wales, for afcertaining the longitude ( thcfc iflands, concerning which Capt Cook obferve " That each fet ofobfcrvaiions, confifling of between I and ten obferved diilancesof the fun and moon, or moc and liars, thewhoicnumberamountstofevcralhundredi and thefe, by means of the watch, have been reduced 1 all the iflands t fo that the longitude of each isis w( determined as that of the two ports undcrmcmiond namely. Sandwich and Refolution. To prove thii « need only obferve, that the longitude of the two pod as pointed out by the watch and by the obfervition«, di not diH'er two miles. This flicwi likewife, wh.it dcgn of accuracy thefe obfervatioiuare capable of, when mu tiplied to a conridcrable number, made with Mm\ inftrumenti, and with the fun and lUrs, or both lidi of the moon. By this lafl method, the errors which nu be either in the inflruments or lunar tablcn, dcilroy eic other, as alio thofc that may arife from the obfervi himfelf ; for foine are more critical, and elder oblcrvt than others. If we conflder the number of obfervi tiuns that may be obtained in the courfe of a monti (fuppoltng the weather to be favourable') we IhaJ! pci haps find this nKihod of afccruining the longitude 1 placet as accurate a* mod others 1 at waft it is the mo eafy, andatunded with the leaf! expence. F.very ihi bound to foreign parts is, ur may be, fupplied upc eafy terms, with a lulficient number of good quadnmi proper for miking the folaror lunar obfervaiionsi :ir the difference uf the price between a good and bi quadrant, can never be an object with an officer. 11 inofl expcntivc article, and what is in fomc inMlui neccfTary, in order to arrive at the uimoll sccui.ic ii a good watch t but for common ufe, and where thj Atiii accuracy i» nui required, thi* may be difpenft witl iree fmall iflcs, lying bctwcrti idwich Iflund, to which they arc ;. Sandwich Ifland is 75 miles I in greateft extent is io n\\\» ofN. W.by W.andS. Ii.by£ . coaft of this ifland only at a djl. II end of Mallicollo, to the N. w' the diliance, in the dircdtiun oi iet in the fame diredlion ; and ii im Sandwich Kland. Ic is abcut cncc. The middle of it is m !». I. longitude 169 dcg. 19 min. £, were off when we tirll faw u ^^ ight. ifland it fituated fix leagues from mango, extending S. E. by S. and . XMii 34 miles long in that dirn.. icre about nine or twelve miltt This is the fotithetniwft iftn,j^ odeg. 3 min. longitude iyodcu, s from Fort Refolution, fouih 30 i I hilly, and of a tolerable height; j of it. ' I hich is in the dircAion of N. by 1 :s from Port Refolution in Tanna- i or Footoona, eaft, lies in rlie famt 1 leagues. This ifland is the moft brides, and appeared to be morel :ircumfcrcnce. It is h'gh, and on j II peak, fccmingly disjamcd froinj thought it was connc^ied by luw j E. fide. This is an accurate dcl°<| icipal iflandi in the Archipelago,! imander gave the name of thel ve have before obfcrvcd, there irel r note, of which we had only J therefore cannot pretend to dcU n order to render it complete, obfervations, made by oar artn for afcertaining the longitude oi rning which Capt Cook obfcrvcJ fcrvaiions, confiltingof between fi^ incesof the fun and moon, or mo umber amounts to fevcrat hundred) i i)f the watch, have been reducedii h.it the longitude of each ii si wed f the two ports undcrmcmionrq nd Kcfoluiion. To prove thii tj hat the longitude of the two port! watch and by the obfervacion^ did This flicws likcwife, whit dcgrq Tvatioiuare capable of, when mull ible number, made with dilfereii (h the fun and liars, or both lijJ s lad method, the errors which ml imentt or lunar tables, licilroy »cl that may arife from the obfcrvef more critical, and clofcr ublervcij confldcr the number of obfcrvil btained in the courfe of a mcndj icr to be favourable) we (haJI peij od of afcertaining the longitude 1 innft others I at waft it is the miJ irith the leafl cxpence. Every ihil arts is, ur may be, fupplied upoT ifficlent number of godl quadninij he foUror lunar obrcrvjiioiiSi an ' price between a good and be an ohjed with an officer. Tij le, and what is in fomc inealul to arrive at the uimoll scculicT H for common ufe, and where thi t required, thu may b« difpenfJ wicif ■■'iV. • '-'._ « '• " ■■■■■^p' ;?/:«. ■^'V- ■'}. • ■ ' .♦ '> ■ :/'"Vv,. ':''. l^. '■ .■•*5»>'.-, ■. ■', * '.•»•• 1-- * 1 . .) ""■■ ,t .m^- ■jjj',*;., ■ ,»'y .>^*^ '4 '■ r ■^-M^': ^^ ,|!" V,,,. ^%|k« 1 ■', 6 , ' ■f.^ ■ i .. t -$■ ' t ,. ■# 4?; -- ^1 .1 !?■ \}WV' I'i •li w m »'■" \m th -?!| •; , ^I mm %■ 'I COOK'sSECC ,■*»'' "' Ifidi ! ^"(1 ■' '* ^° ^ Cf finding the longi llcalftbMt that any it llitdepra^'". may |(tllu theaitronom If^ncc has feldocn o liude by Mr. Walet lilitrinie time. Lunir Obfervati For tfcertaining l^uced by the watc IffldPort Refolution ^SSOB^SS^ XjImCaffJtflU iifent ^Oi/irvalioHS m . if part from Nrivi lialMd — Remark: Ipnd—Sbt arrive. <-..-/ '- -*r— COOK'S SECOND VOYAGEi— for making Dijhvtrks in thfe South Seat & Round the fVorU. 1 75 Ividit ^^^ '' "'** ^ obferved, that the ordinarjr wav lif finding the longitude by a quadrai.t, is not io diu llculkbMt that any mai; with proper application, and a lyepn^ice. may roon learn to make obfervations as Ifdl a) the adronomcrs. Indeed, not any material diC> Ufcncc has feidom occurred, between the obfervations Ipade l^y ^''* ^i^lcs, and theft ntade by the officers at |ib»fime time. Lunar Obfervations made by Mr. WALES, For afceruining the longitude of the Hebrides, Itrduced by the watch to Port Sandwich in Mallicollo, liodFort Refolutionin Tanna. I. PORT SANDWICH. Meanof lorrtiofobferv.before 167* s6'33"i «ii.,).m; 2 ditto, iit . ids 2 37 i .-^ .ittj .vio ditto, ' 167 52 57 Mean of thcfe means 167 57 32 4E-Long* II. PORT RESOLUTION. Msan of aofetadfobferv. before 169" 37*35" 5' ditto, *t 169 48 4S ! todino, after 169 47 ii-t Mean of thefe means »69 44 35 h: ' AjrP* fy 'If ^VIL 'fir MM \jfifiCa1edmi» difctrvfred— 'Incidents — Tbeeounlry defcrU>fi^A^4c^«ftit pf tin cullomt, manners^ and arts of the natives ^Qhji rvdlions on the foajl and/omt law iflands-^-Remarkiilife intmnis tehile exp/oring tbefe—Tbe Re/olution is oSiiged li itftrt from New CaJedonia—This, in Capt. Cook's opimin, is.tbtlarffff jfiamitH tie South Pacific Ocean, except Neat Inland — Remarks upon it — Continues her voyage to tfev ZedHand-rOifervatioiis refpeBing the dijcnery of Norfolk Ipni— She arrives at ^em Cbarlolte's Sound— An accouM ofinditnti virile Ibtfiip lay there. ON September the i ft, being Thurfday, we wprc out of light of land, and no mo/e was to be fe^n. I W( continued our courfe to the S. W. and on the 3d ufve o'clock, found ourfclvri in 1 9 deg. 49 min. and jg ,6j d(g. E. longitude. On the 4th, at eight o'clock A.M.wedircoveredland, which at noon extended fmm si E- to W. by S. difiant fix leaguei. At live P. M. Kfc we fix Iruuea off, when we were (Vopprd by a calm. At this time mt lafid extended from S. E. by S. to W . IbN. round by the S. W. but at fome openings were Ifenin the weft, we could not determine whether it was tconncAed land, or a clufter of iflands. The coi^ I the S. E. feemcd to terminate to the S. E. in a high which was named Cape Cotnet, after one 'Mr midlhipinen, who firft difcorered this land. Vbwtwoor three canoes under fail, and »c thought If had come off to us, but they ftruck their faiU a Je belbre fun 6t, and we faw them no more. On Pjth, wc obferved the coaft eitcnded to the S. E. of Colnet, and r©und by the S, W. to N. W. liy We ^re down to N. W. and came before an ,. that had the appearance of a good channrl. .. ied 10 enter 'VU in order to have an opportunity IsbfervinB an cclipfc of tHc fun, which was foon to tn. We therefore fent oiit two armed boat* to I the. channel I and at the fame time we faw i» t ftifiiw canoes near us. All thc'mominn wehjtd vcd incm in motioni and cdmiiig off front dif- t |)arts t butfome were lying on the reef, fitliing as lil^gincd. When we Hoifted out our Ixmis they In pKtty near us i but upon ftcing thit, they retura- Vaod our boats followed them. We now were con- . that ^at we had Uken fbr openings in the wu lowland, all connedted, except the weftem (lity, which, as we afterward* Itarnt, wu an , calkd Balabea. Th« boiita having made « fig. liiira chamiel, ^t (lood in with the fliip. The joflScet- drtheboiUf repotted, that thcic Ift^horajj^, and that the, nativca were Vfw Huid obliging. Me gav^ them fome me^^ a etlirn, tl^ pttfented hint with (erne fi( ilfkhin the teef, we hauled up S.lwf^ lodiy ifle, lying; undisr the l&iNlC.MQgi t'^ahoer. Wl proceeded u|»^bt/ jD^'t^ miWa, and at^feijgth i^nchofed ih,^^e^y»p|i|^ ir, the; bottom a fiiie<5»nil miMd f jtHip^M' !!W J"P \ Well' (hrlttred IVom t^e wMM aiMl IM. .IK\ MW I (he lovi fithdy ifle . boi^ E. b^ $.. uiRiiht, iwif Itenofa mile, and ffdm the fliore pr the B|tiaii>' we lotemlif; Thellltnd ofBatabea boreN, W. by ^"itf^he chanocl thVdMgh '#Akh :#e ck^adrth. H'iiiit-mlki. A'gKMiiiUttbertfRMiiiitivcinir. a m roundcf) Uf^ t^fore we had well got to anchor, in 16 or i$can«^s»'witliout any fort of weapons, and we pre- v^led upon one boat to come near enough to receive fome prcfents. In return, they tied two fifh to the rope, tliat (iunk intolerably. An intercourfc being thus opciicd hy mutual exchanges, two of the natives ven- tured on board the (hip, and (refcntly after flic waa filled with them. Some din.*'*, with us, but they would not eat our fait beef, pork, orpcafefoup: we happened to have fome yams left which they were very land of. Thcfe they called Oobec, a name not unlike Oolce by which ihey are called at rooft of the iflands, except Mallicollo t neverthclefs we found thefe people (poKe a language to which we were eniirc ftrangcrs. They were miite naked, except the belt and wrapper, whicn they uu-d as the inhabiunts of the other iflands. They had no knowledge of our dogs, cats, and goats, 8cc. n but he would not fufTer the captain to tive the women, who flood behind, any beads or me- als. We faw a chief whofc name was Teabooma. who <(fUed for fl fence foon after we landed< Every perfon inRantly obeyed him. and liftcned with extraorJinary attention. When he had finiflied his harangue, ano* ifani fpoke, who wu no lefs refpcdfully anended to. Thj;ir fpeechct were compofcd of (hort fcntencas. We il^ought ourfelveii to be the fubjcd of ihcm, though we could not undcrfland them. Having by flgns enquired fur frelh water, fume pointed to the eaft, others to the Aufcft t butour friend undertook to condudl us to it,, and for that purpofe embarked with us. The ground we {>affcd vu beavtifully cultivated, laid out in feveral (^ntation^ and well, watered. We rowed near two ORiTiM to'the eaft. where we obferved the ftiore tob^ ijnofllr covered with mangroves. We entered anion^ |^ret>/A.narrow creek or river, which brought us to 1^ hftle ftraggling village where we were ihewn freflS wa|;er> Near this ()^ the land was richly adorned with Alantations of fugar-caitcs, yam^ £:& and watered wit^ Uttle rills, conduifled by art IroiHihe the main fprihg^^ whtiTc fierce was in the hi|U, We<<|ft fi^veral cocoa- fiui tifics.whlicli l(ia4 not much fruit oii1h«»i.4od heard ihe crawil^ of cocbt but law none. Somii roots were baking f%.. 1^. ;^.iiliii 'It h. m [! ii ■m mm mm it^m 176 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. baking on a fire, in an earthen jar, which would hold fix gallons, and we did not doubt, but that this was of their own manufadure. Mr. Forfter (hot a duckas it flew over our heads, and explained to the captain's friend how it was killed. He defired to have the duck, and informed his countrymen in what manner it was fltot. The tide not permitting us to (lay longer in th^ creek, we took leave of thcfe amicable people, from whom we had nothing to cxpcft but good jiaiufe, ar the privilegeofvifiting (heir country without molefta- tion, as it was eafy to Tee thefe were all they could be- llow. Though this did not fatisfy our demands, it gave us much cafe and fatisfadtion, for they certainly excelled all the natives we had hitherto met with in friendly civility. ., On Tuefday, the 6th. in the morning, hundreds ot the natives came to vifit us : fome fwam. and others came in canoes. Before ten o'clock our dec^s, and other parts of the (hip, were quite full of them. The cap- tain's friend brought Ionic fruit and a few roots: the red had with them only their clubs and darrsi which they exchanged readily for nails, pieces of cloth, and other trifling articles. Texabooma came with them, but went out ofthe (hip imperceptibly, and by that means loft the prefent that was intended for him. After breaK- faft lieutenant Pickerfgill wasfentwith two armed boats in fcaich after frclh water, (br what was found the pre- ceding day could not conveniently be got on board Mr. Wales alfo, and lieutenant Gierke, went to the little i(]and, to make preparations for obferving the eclipfe ofthe fun. which was expeded to be in the af- ternoon. Mr. Pickerfgill having fuccceded. foon re- turned. The launch was therefore ordered out to com- plete our water, and the captain repaired to the ide, to aflift in the obfervation. The eclipfe came 00 about one o'clock P. M. We loft the fir(l contact by Inter- vening clouds, but were more fortunate in the end t and by obfervations taken with different inflruments, by Capt. Cook, Mr. Wales, and Mr. Cler- e, the lati- tude of the ilk, at the place of obfervation. was found to be 10 dcg. 17 min. 39 fee. S. The longitude by the diftance of the fun ami moon, and moon and ftars, 48 fcts, 164 deg. 41 mio. }i fee. E. The fame by the watch i6j dcg. 58 min. Mr. Wales mealured the quantity cclipfed by Hadtey's quadrant, a method ne- ver before thought of. The captain was of opinion, that It anfwers the purpofeof a micrometer to a great degree of certaintv: iflo, it is a great addition to the ufe of this valuable inftrument. In the evening we vi- fited the watering place, which was a fine ftream, at the head of a fmall creek. The cafks were conveyed by a fmall boat down the creek to the beach, over which tnjy were rolled, and then put into the launch. The boat could enter the creek only at high water. Near this watering place was pknty of excellent wood for fuel, an article we did not at prefent want. In the evening of this day, about feven o'clock, died Simon Monk, our butcher. His death was occafloned by a fall down the fore hatchway, the preceding night. We could not but lament the tofs of fo ufeful a hand^ cf- ' pecially as he was well rcfpeded and much efteemed on board the (hip. On Wednefday, the 7th, we made a party to take a view ot the country. When we had landed, two of the natives undertook to be our guides. We afcended the hills by a pretty good path ; and in the way met fe- veral people, who accompanied us, fo that in a fliort time our train became numerous. From the fuinmlt of one of the hills we faw the fca in two places, wherebv we could determine the breadth of this country, which does not exceed thirty miles. A lar«: valley lay be. tween the ridge we were upon, and tne advaticed hilti, through which glided a ferpentine river, and on the fidei of the hills were feveral ftraggling villaget. The valley appeared rather romantic, by the villages, inter- fperfcd with woods, winding dreams, and beautiful plantations, which imich improved the fcene. The other pant of the ifland were tnoftly rocky and barren. The little foil that it upon the mouncaint and high placca it burnt up by the fua { yet it it coated with coarfe grafs and plants, and here and there treo^n Ihrubd. There ts a great limilitude between this coiw try and New Holland, under the fame parallel o»Iau tudc, obvious to every one who had feen both plarn We returned by a different road to that we came by >» paired through fome of dieplantanty the (hip on account ofthe reefs. A party of men was alfo Vent alhore to cut brooms, but Capt. Cook and Melfn hoitters were confined aboard, thougfi much bectet. On the loth, Mr. Forfter waa fo well recovered ai lo Sinto the country in fearch of plantt. On Sund«, : nth, in the evening, the boats returned, andwc were informed by the commanding officers, that hay. ing reached an elevation the morning they had fet out, they had from ihencc a view of the coaft j and both Mr. Gilbert and Mr. Pickerlgill were of opinion, that there wat no paflige for the (hip to the well, from thit place, accompiinicd by two vf the natives, thtv went to Babbea. Ihey were received by Teabi, the chief of the illand, and the people wh» came ingrrst numbera to fee them, with (Irong intimations of friend- (hrp. Our people, that they might not be crowded, drew a line between them and the natives, who under- ftood and complied with the reftridlion. One of thcfe had a few cocoa*nutt, which a Tailor would have bought, but th^ man heina unwilling to part with them, - alkcd ofr, and» Ixing.tbllowed by the failor, lie fat dvwn ot lh« find, made a circle round him, at he had feen our people do, and fignified that the other wai not to come 'within' it, and the injuniaion wat ftriflly ob- ftrved. Thi* excurflon to Balabca was rathtr a frui;- ieft one 1 tot they did not reach the ifle till neir fuiv- ftt, and left it again before fun rife, the next morning 1 and the two following days were fpent in getting up to the (hip. in going down to the ille, they faw 1 great number Of tifrtlet. but could not ftrikc any, the WIM ■t •' ■- - ■ t- • • " ' ' • ' - ' • '"'''" ' fcOOK's SECOND VOYAGE— for making Di/coveries in ti e South Seat & Round the JVorld. 1 77 jnd fca being rather tempeftuous. The cutter „,g a leak, and fuddcnly filled with water, fo that J«re obliged to throw fcvcral things over-board, Krcvcnt her being loft, and by lightening her, to ftop lleak. From a fifliing canoe tficy met, they got as Wh filh as they could eat. [On Monday, the 1 ath, early in the morning, the jjnter was ordered to repair the cutter. The cap- Jbeing dcfirous of (lockiniir this country with hogs fi^ll u dogs, the former being more ufeful of the he took with them in the boat a young boar and ' and went up the mangrove creek in fcarch of his id the chief, in order to give them to him. We f ,'nformed by the natives, that he lived at fomc di- i)ut they would fend for him: but he not „wn,r as foon as we txpeiled, Capt. Cook rcfolved to Jvc liicni to tiie firft man of confcquencc he might Ki with. In confequence of this determination, they : offered to a grave old man, who (hook his head, J made liRns for us to take them into the boat again. Oiour rctuling to comply, they fccmed to hold a con- [ilmion what was to lie done. After this, our guide /etcdto condud us to the chief, (or Arcekec) and he iccordingly led us to a houfc, where eight or ten mid- jleaired pcrfons were ftated in a circle. To thefe the -opiam and his pigs were formally introduced. They Klired the captain with great courtefy to be feated, bnbrgan to expatiate on the merits of his two pigs, iplaining to them their nature and ufc, and how they .ould multiply : in (hort, he enhanced their vilue as liuch as poHible, that they might take the more care . uthcm. In return for our prefent wc had fix yams WgnM "'> ^^^^^ which we went on board. In the af- llffloon we mnde a trip to the Ihore, and on a tree near he watering place, an infcription was cut, fetting lirth the Oiip's name, date, &CC. as a memorial and Iwof that wc were the firft difcovcrers of this coun- |ar. Much the fame had been done in other places we Iwtouchcd at. Near this place is a little village, which iKomv found to be much larger than we cxpetfted. ||vas fiirrounded with good cultivated land, regu. U:d our, planted, or planting, with taro or eddy Irh, yatrn, &c. fmall rills. In plcaling meanders, con- Itnuilly watered the taro plantations. Thefc roots are tntrti, fomc in fquare or oblong patches, which He iionial. and arc funk below the level of the adjacent Ikid, by which means they can let into them, as much IwKr a< they think requifite. Others .ire planted in |nl>;«, al)ouc four feet broad, and three high. On the liop 1)1 the rulj;c is a narrow gutter, for conveying the little nils to the roots. The plantations arc laid out liith fuch judgment, that the fame ftream waters fc- Iwai riJgcs. Thefe are fometimcs the boundaries to llh;' horizontal plantations, and where this method is lifd, which is frequently done for the benefit of a path- Inr, not an inch of ground it loft. Some of the roots [m better tailed than others ; nor are they all of the Ikic colour; but they are ^11 wholcfomc food. The IKips are eaten by the natives, and we thought them ||wd greens. The whole family, men, women, and Icliiltlrrn, work in thefe plantations. Having now j fully fatisficd our curiofity for the prefent, we returned ion board, when the captain ordered all the boats to be IhoiDcd III, that we might be ready to fet fail, and put to Ik The inhabitants of this country arc ftrong, robuft, liflivc, friendly, courteous, and not addidled to pil- |f(ring, as all other nations are in this fea. They 'have inp-ncral better features than the natives of Tanna, wd are a much ftouter race ; but in fome wc faw a re- iitmblance of the negroes, having thick lips, flat nc IIS to be the only article of their houfliold utenfiU worth notice. In this they bake their roots and fi(b< They ufc three or five ftones, in the form of a fug'ar- loaf, to keep the jars from rcftins on the fire, and that it may burn the better. On thefe the jars lie in* clined on their fides ; and three ftones are tor one jar, five for two. The ftones rre fixed in the ground, and their pcrinted ends are about half .a foot aboire tho fur.. «Y face. If^^^ K\ % m fl 1 ". ii . i.^'r I I * 178 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. •:ii-) face. Water is (heir only liquor, and their fubfiftance is on fifli, roots, and the bark of a certain tree, which laft they roaft before they chew it. Some of our peo- ple fecmcd to rciifli the tade of it, which is fwcet and infipid. Their fruit trees do ni" yield much fruit. Plantains are not in abundance ; fugar canes and bread- fruit are very fcarce : and the cocoa-nuts arc but thinly planted. Notwithftanding nature has been rather fcanty in her favours to the ifland, it is not thinly peopled on the Ua coaft, and in the valleys that are capable of cultivation. We faw, it is true, great numbers of the natives every day, but we beljeve they came from all parts on our account. Down the coaft, to the weft, there arc but few inhabitant:, but from the eaft, they came daily in large bodies, over the mountains, to vifit us. We muft, however, confcfs, that what parts of this country we faw, are not fit to fupport many inha- bitants, moft of thcfe being barren rocky mountains, the grafs growinj^ on which is ufelefs to people who have no c.nttle. Tlic fca, perhaps, may compcnfate tor the rtcrility of the land. A coaft encircled with reefs and flioals, cannot fail of affording a plentiful fupply of filh. Our botanical party did not complain for want of employment I'hey obfcived feveral plants, common to the eaftern and northern iflands ; and, among othir piwlu^lioni, dilVovcred the tree, the bark oi which, being cafily peeled off, is ufcd in the tUll-Indies lor caulking of Ihips. The bark is foft, white, and ragged j the wood very hard j the leaves long and narrow, in colour, of a pale dead green, and in fmcll, a fine aromatic. They found alfo a fpe- cies of the paffion flower, which, we are informed has never before been known to grow wild any where but in America. Of the land birds, which arc verv nume- rous, we faw feveral to us unknown, as a kind Of tur- tle doves, very beautiful, many fmall birds, and one refembling a crow, though much fmallcr, and its fea- thers are tmged with blue. We endeavoured, but in va.n, to obtain the name of the whole ifland ; but we pot the names of feveral diftriifls, with thofc of their chiefs. Haladc was the name of the diftritl we were at, and Tea Booma the chief. Tea is a tit'j pertixed to the names of all, or moll of their great men. The captain'i (riend, by way of dillinclion, called him Tea Cook. Their canoes are very clumfy, though fome- what like thofe of the I'Viendly Ifles. Moft of them are double canoes. They are navigated by one or two latteen fails. The fail is made of pieces of matting; the ropes of the coarfe hiarnents of the plantain tree. They fail well, but arc not calculated for rowing or paddling. They arc about thirty feet long, and the deck or platform, about twenty-four in length, and ten in breadth. In our traflic with thefe people, fmall nails were of little value, nor did they admire beads, look- ing-glalfes, 6k:c. and even a hatchet was not fo valuable as a fpikc nail. Their women here as well as at Tanna, are very ch.ille, and wc never heard, that one of our people ever obtained the leaft favour from any one of them. Indeed their ladies would fometimes divert thcmfelvcs by going a little afidc with our gentlemen, ao if they meant to l>e kind, and then would in a mo- ment run away laughing at them. Thefe people dc- polit their ilead in the ground. Some of our gentle- men faw a grave, rcfembling one of Roman tumuli, in which, they were informed, lay the remains of a chief (lain in battle. Round his grave fpears, darts, and paddles, were ftuck upright in the ground. On 'luel'day, the 13th of September, at fun rile, we weighed, and fto id for the lame channel we came in by. At half paft feven we were in the middle of it, when the illeof Balabea bore W. N. W. As foon as we were clear of the reef, we bore up along the ouiflde of it, ftccring N. W. by W. as it trended. At noon the illand of Balabea bore S. by W. diftant about four Icigurs ; and at three o'clock P. M. it bore S by E. halt K. From this place the reef inclined to the N. and then to N. W. Advancing to N. W. we raifcd more land, fo that Mr. Gilbert was miftaken, and did Bot fee the extremity of the coaft. At fly< this land i bore W. by N. half N. diftant near feven leaguf. On the 14th, the reef ftill trended N. W. along whici we fteered, with a light breeze, at E. S. li. At noo we had loll fight of Balabea, and at three o'clock w run by a low landy ifte, the fpacc between which, aiv the north-weftcrnmoft land was ftrewed with (hoajl At fun fet, we couW but juft fee the land, which borl S. W. by S. about ten leagues diftant. No land wj fcen to the weftward of this direiflion ; the reef tj trended away W. by N. and from the maft-head fcemtJ to terminate in a point ; fo that every appearance M tered our expeQations, and induced us to believe tliil we ftiould loon get round the ftioals. On the 1 5th, feJ ing neither land nor breakers, wc bore away N. W, bj W. but the flioals ftill continuing, we plied up for T clear fea to the S. E. by doing which, we did but jufi weather the point of the reef we had paffcd the piccJ ding evening. To render our lituation the more daiv gerous, the wind began to fail us -, in thcaftcrnooni fell a calm j and wc were left to the mercy of agrcal fwell, fettingdireclly for the reef, which was notmoJ than a league from us. 1 he pinnace and cutter wnl hoifted out to tow the tliip, but they were of little fcrl vice. At feven o'clock, a light air at N. N. E. ken her head to the fea ; and on the 1 6th, at eleven oVIfKli A. M. we hoifted m the boats, and inadc fail toS. Ij A tide or current had been in our favour all ninht an_ was the caufc(underCiod)or our getting founcxpivtcilll clear of the fhoals. On Tuefday the 20th, at nooj ape Culnet bore X. 78 dcg. W. diftant fix leagued From hence the land extended round by the S. to K. li F. till it was loft in the horizon, and thecouiuryap pcaied variegated with many hills and vallc)s. U'J ftood in ftiorc till fun-fet, when we were about ihrcl leagues off. Two fmall iflots lay diftant from us tivj miles, and others lay between us and the fhore. Thi country was mountainous, and had much the fame ifl ped as about Balade. On the 21 ft, we found Qurfelvcj about fix leagues from the coaft. On the iid, we (In in for the laud, which at noon extended from N. 78 dcgl W. to S. 3 1 deg. half E round by the 8. The cmll in this Uft direction, feemed to trend more to the S. ii| a lofty promontory, which, in honour of the diy, wai named Cape Coronation, in latitude ti deg. i mm. ant in 167 deg. 7 min. 30 fee. E. longitude. On the 25dJ at day.break, a high point appeared in fight, beyon the cape, which pr.)ved to be the S. E. extremity the coaft, to which we gave the name of Queen CharJ lotte's Foreland. It lies in latitude 22 deg. 16 min. ~ and in 167 deg. 14 min. E. longitude. At noon, ; we drew near Cape Coronation, we Jiiw in a valley td the foUth a vaft number of elevated objedU, fromwhenca a great deal of fmoke kept riling all the day. CaptJ Cook was of opinion thefe were a fingular fort of trccJ being, as he thought, too numerous to refembk- thing elfe. Some low land under the Foreland mim\\ tirely covered with them. The wind having veern round to the fouth, we tucked, and ftood nlf, mit thinking it fafe to approach the ftiorc in tlie daiii.l Wo ftood in ag.iin at day-break, on the 24th, andaq noon obfcrved in latitude 21 deg. 59 min. jO fee. Cip Coronation beirin>j weft, fouthcrly, diftant fcvetv leagues, and the North Foreland fouth, 38 dcg. W.I At fun-fet we difcovered a low land, lying S, SUf alwut feven miles from the Foreland, furroundtd with fhoals and breakers. Sunday the 25th, wc flood to S. S. W. with a vie«ofj getting round the Foreland, but as wc advanced, wel perceived more low ifles, beyond the one already men.," tinned. We therefore ftookf to the fouth, to look tor* palFige without thefe. Wegotalightbree5'.cat7o'clocl(J which enabled us to fteer out E, S. E. and to fpcniU the night with Icfs anxiety. On the a6th, wc ftretchcdl to the S. E. for an ifland diftant fix leagues : and onthcj 27th, we tacked and ftood toS. W. with the hopes of weathering it, but we fell two miles fliort, which oDli«dl ui to tack about a mile from the eaft fide of the illindj thi. extremes bearing from N. W. by N. to S. W. tW hill W. and fome low ifles, lying ofl^thc S. E. M)int,SJ by W. Thefe laft fcenwd to be conncilid w«l> H hrgi IcoOK's SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dlfcoveriet in the South 5l the reef, we attempted to ply |to»indward; but another reef to the north, which Ifcrnud a narrow channel, through which ran a current iigiinnus, rendered this attempt fruitlefs. Wc therc- iBre anchored in thirty-nine lathoms water, about a Uiilefroin the ifland, and having hoifted out the boat, lent a party on Ihore, accompanied by the boianifts, ihfl found the trees to be a fort of fpruce pines, very proper for fpars, of which we were very much in want. The carpenter and his crew, after dinner, were fent ilhore, to cut down fuch trees as would bcft anfwer our I purpotc. While this work was doing, Capt. Cook took down the bearings of the fcvcral circumjacent iandi, &c. The hill on the Iflc of Pines bore S. 59 I ileg. JO min. E. the low point of Queen Charlotte's Foreland north 14 dcs- 30 min. W. the high land I ibove it, feen over two Tow ifles, north, 20 deg. W. and j tbemofl advanced point of laiid to the weft, bore W. Iiiira point S. diftant feven leagues. This point the opuin named the Prince of Walet't FarelanU. It lici in latitude 22- deg. 29 min. S. and in i66de||r. 57 min. E. longitude : when firft feen above the horizon, by reafon of its height, it looks like an ifland. The" true direftion of the coaft from the Foreland to this point, had been afccrtained from feveral bearings. On this fmall Ifle, which is not quite a mile in cir- cumference, grew, befides the pines, a variety of other trees, flirubs, and plants ; and thcfc having fufiiciently employed the botanifts during our ftay, on this account the captain named the little ifland Botany Ifle. We faw here feveral pigeons, doves, and water-fnakes, dif- ferent from any we had feen ; likcwife a hawk of the fame kind as our Englifli fiftiing hawks. A number of fire-places, and fome remains of turtle, were figns of people having lately vifited this plurc. In the fand lay the wreck of a canoe, exadly of the lame make as thofc we had feen at Balade; and wc now were convinced, that of thefc pines they made their canoes. Some of thcfc trees meafured so inches in diameter, were 70 feet long, and would have fcrved very well for a foremaft, had ue wanted one. As trees of fo large a fize are the produce of fo fmall a fpot, it is reafonable to fup- pofe, that larger ones are the growth of the main. This difcovery may be valuable to future navigators ; for except New Zealand, we know of no '"and in the Pacific ocean, where a (hip can be fuppi.cd with a mail or yard, were flic ever fo much diftrcfTcd for want of one. This was the opinion of our carpenter, who wa» both maft-maker and (hipwright in Deptford-yard. Thefc trees (hoot out their branches fmaller and (hortcr than other pines, fo that when wrought for ufe their knots difappcar. We obfervcd that the largeft had the fliortcft branches, and were crowned at the top with a head like a bufli. The wood is white, clofe grained, tuugh. yet light. Turpentine had oozed out of moft of the trees, which the fun had formed into rofin. This was found adhering to the trunks, and laying about the roots. The feeds are produced in cones. We found here another fmall tree or Ihrub, of the fpruce ftr kind : alfo a kind of fcurvy-grafs, and a plant, which when boiled, cat like fpinnage. The purpofc being an- fwered for which we landed on this ifland, the cap< tain determined not to hazard the (hip down to lee- ward, but to try to get to the fouthward of the (hoais. The extent of this S. W. coaft had been already pretty well determined ; a more accurate furvey might be at- tended with great ri(k and many dangers ; it was too late to fet up and employ the frame of the little vcfTel we had on board, and (hould the Kefolution be hemmed in, wc might by that means lofe the proper feafon for getting to the fouth { thefc reafons induced the Captain to make fome trips to weather the (hoals to the lee- ward of Botany Ifle. But when this was thought to be (ifeaed, Qn Friday the 30th, at three o'clock P. M. it fell calm, the (well, afllfted by the current, fet us faft towards the breakers, which were yet in fight to the S. W. but at ten o'ckxk a breeze fpringing up, we fleered E. S. E. not venturing farther fouth till day light. On Saturday, Odlober the i ft, we had a very ftrong wind at S. S. W. attended by a great fea, fo that we had reafon to rejoice at having got clear of the (hoals before this gale overtook us. We were now obliged to ftrctch to the S. E. and at noon were out of fight of land. On the 2d, in the afternoon, wc had little wind, and a great fwell; but at eleven, a frc(h breeze fpringing up, wc ftood to the fouth. Wc were now in the latitude of 33 deg. 1 8 min. and in i69dee.49min. E. longitude. On the 2d, at eight o'clock A. M. we had a ftrons gale with (quails from the S. W. and the Captain laid afide all thoughts of returning to the land we had left. Nor could fuch an attempt be thought a prudent one, when we confider, that we had a vaft ocean yet to ex- plore to the fouth I that the fliip was already in want of necelTary ftorei t chat fummer was approaching very faft, and tpat any confidcrable accident might detain us from purfuing the great objedt of this voyage another Uyear. Thus necc(rity compelled ui to leave a coaft, for (he flrft time, ^hich -^t had difcovered, but not fully explored. ■\m W'\ ■ mm '■ 1 ^vm -il ;*.»:: U t M i8o Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. explored. The captain named it New Caledonia, and in his opinion, it i», next to New Zealand, the largeft ifland in the South Pacific Ocean. The extent is from latitude itjdcg.jy min. to 22 dec. 30min. S. nml from longitude 163 deg. 37 min. t jy deg. 14 mIn. E. It lies nearly N. W. half W. and S. E. half t. and is about S7 leagues long, but its breadth ddet not any where exceed 10 leagues. It here muft be noted, that in the extent given to this ifland, is included the broken or unconnec^ed'lands to the N. W. On Thurfday the 6th, we continued our courfc to New Zealand, with this view we failed S. S. E. having a blowing frefh gale, but at noon it fell calm. At this time we found ourfelvcs by obfcrvation, in latitude 27 deg. JO min. S. and in 171 deg. 43 min. E. longi- tude. During the calm, which continued all this day, the carpenters were employed in caulking the decks. This was done with varnilh of pine, covered with coral fand, as they had neither pitch, tar, nor rolin left. The experiment with rtfpcdl to the cement, far exceeded their expedations. In the afternoon, two albatrofles were (hot, which, at this time, we thought equally good as gecfe. On the 7th a breeze fprung up, and fixed at S. E. by S. The day following wc had a gentle gale, at- tended with fine weather. On the 9th wc were in latitude 28 deg. 45 min. and in 170 deg. a6 min. E. longitude. In the evening, Mr. Cooper ftruck a por- poifc. It wi? fix feet long, and a female, called by naturelifls the dolphin ot the antients, and which differs from the common porpoife in the head and Jaw, which arc long and pointed. This had 88 teeth in each jaw. It was firft foakcd in water, then roafted, broiled, and fried. Tu us who had lone fubfifted on fait meat. it was more than palatable ; and wc thought the haflct, and lean flefli, a delicious fcaft. On the 10th wc difcovered land, fituated in latitude 29 deg. 2 min, 30 fee. S. and in 168 deg. 16 min, E. longitude. Capt. Cook called it Norfolk Ifland, in *»onourof the Hov^nrd family, who have the title of ihc duke of Norfolk. Wc anchored here in 21 fathoms water, on a bank of coral fand, mixed with broken fliclls. Akcr d;r.n(.T a party of us embarked in two boats, and landed on the liland behind fome large rocks. It was uninhabited, and wc were undoubteoly the firft who ever fct foot upon it. Wcobferved man'^ trees and plants common to New Zealand, particuiarl) the flax plant, which grows very luxuriant here. V'; found in great abundance the fpruce pine trees, flraignt and tall, and many of them as thick as two men could fa:hom. The foil of this ifland is ridi and deep, the woods perfcdlly clear from underwood, and for about 200 yards from the fliore, the ground is covered with flirubs and plants. Wc found here many fea p nl lapd fowl, of the lame kind as in New Zealand ; likewifc cabbage- palm, wood-forrel, fow.thiflle, and famphire. The cab- bage-trees were not ihickerthan a man's Ice, and from i o to io feet high. Thecabbagc, each trecproaucingbutone, is at the top, inclofcd in the flem. 'This vegetable is not only wholefomc, but exceedingly palatable; and fome excellent lilh we caught made a luxurious entertainment. On Tucfday the 1 1 th, we failed from Norfolk Ifland, which wc weathered, having ftretchcd to S. S. W. Wc found the coall bounded with rocky cliffs and banks of coral fand. On the fouih fide lie two iflcs, which fcrve as roollinu and breeding places, for white boobies, gulls, tern, &c. A bank of coral fand and flielU, (Urroundi the iflc, and extends, cfpecialiy fouth- ward, fcvcn leagues off. Our intention at this time was to refrcfli the crew, and repair the fhip, in Queen Charlotte's Sound. On Monday the 17th, we had in vie mount Eg- moot, perpetually covered with fnow, bcarfhg S. E. halt K. diflant about eight leagues. The wind now blew a Irefli gale, with which we fleered S. S. E. for Queen Charlotte's Sound. The wind at laft increafed in fuch a manner, that we could carry no more fail than the two courfes, and two clofe.reefed topfails : under thefe we (Peered for Cape Stevens, which we made at 1 1 o'clock at night. i On the 1 8th, we made a trip to the nonh, and bni away for the found. We hauled round Point JackfJ at nine A. M. and at 1 1 o'clock anchored before SN Cove, the wind and tide not permitting us to get 1 Capt. Cook in the afternoon went afliore, andlooltl for the bottle, with the memorandum, w hich he IJ when lall here, but it was taken away by fome pctfj or other. The feinc was hauled twice and only foj fifli caught : but fevcral birds were fhot, and the ncl of fome fhags were robbed of their young ones. On the 19th, the fliip was warped into the co«( and mrorcd. The fails were unbent, feveral of thrt hiving been much damaged in the late gale. Ti main and fore courfes were condemned, and the tol marts were ftruck and unrigged. The forge was (ttvt and tents eret-led on fliore for the reception ofagmrj Sec. Plenty ai vegetables were gathered for the rcfrcfl ment of the crew, which were boiled every momirf w ith oatmeal and portable broth for brcakfafl. Krol fome circumftances, as cutting down trees with fJ and axes, and a place found where an obfervatory hi been fet up in our abfence, wc had no doubt but tl Adventure had been in this cove fince wc left it. On the 20th our men beean to caulk the (1iip"j fij. and on Saturday the 22d, tnc captain accompanied I the botanifts went to vifit our gardens in MotuaiJ which wc found had been wholly negleftcd by thofel the natives to whom we had given them in charge; nd had any care or cultivation been bcftowed on thn( Nevenhelcfs, the foil feemoi to agree well with iq plants, for rtrany of them were in a flourifliing coij dition. Ntit having hitherto fecn any of the nativd wc made a fire on the land, hoping this would induj them to come down to us. On the 24th, we faw two canoes coming down tM found, which, when the fhip was fecn by the peoulj retired behind a point on the weft-fide. After breill faft we went in fearch of them, and having fired 1 fevcral birds, the report cf our pieces gave notice of beirtg near, and they difcovered themfelvcs by hallo ing to us in Shag Cove; but when wc landed, anddre near to their habitations, they all fled, except twoor thn men, who maintained their ground, with their weapo in their hands. The moment wc landed they knew u and their fears fubfided. Thofe who had fled rctun from the woods, embraced us over and over again, ; expreffed their joy at feeing us, by jumping art dancing in a frantic manner ; but the men would nd fuffcr fome women we faw at a diftancc to come nca Ui. Wc made them prefenu of hatchets and knivd and in return they gave us a quantity of filh theyhJ juft caught. The next morning they brought us nW filh, which they bartered for Otaneiiean cloth. Wc a(kq them on what account they were afraid of us, and ill) what was become of our old friends ? To thefe qucftio we got no fatisfadory anfwers j but they talked mw about killing, which was variOuUy undeiftood byui. On Wednefday the '26th, foqic of the natives went t the tents, and told our people, that a fhip like out had lately been loft, that fome of the men landed i Vanna Aroa, near Terrawhittc, on the other fide thi ftrait; that a difputc happened between them and thI natives ; that feveral of the latter were Ihot ; and tli^ the natives got the better of thrm when they coulJ Are no longer, and both killed and ate them. Oncol the rclaters of this ftrange talc, faid it was 10 or 3J days ago ; but another laid it was two moons fmca and dcfcribed, as well as he could, in what manner m fhip was beat to pieces. The following day they told thJ fame ftory to others, which made the captain, and inl deed all of us, very uncafy about the Adventure; biJ when the captain enquired himfclf, and cndcavouted il come at the truth of thefe reports, the very people »hJ raifed them, denied every fyllablc of what tliey had faifl and feemed wholly ignorant of the matter; lb that ui began to think the whole relation had reference only tJ their own people and boau. Oh the 28th, weagiij went on fhore, but found no appearance of the hogs an^ fowli we had left behind. Having been a (hooringt to the weft bay, in our retuni we got fome fifh from ih ■utivd cook's second VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas 6c Round the IVorU. 1 8 1 y(, for a few triHing prcfcnts. As we came back, of the party thought they heard a pig fqueak in woods. Wc fhot this day a good many wild fowl Cnall birdi. On the 31 ft, it wai fomcwhat re- jfkable that all the natives kit us. Tucfiiayi the ift of November, we were vifited by a ibtrot rtrangcrs, who came from up the found. Tht ncipal article of trade they brought with them was nrtone, fome of which were ihc largeft pieces we tver I'ccn. On the 3d, a large black fow was feen the botanizing party, which we difcovered to be th' 2jk that Capt. Furneaux left behind him. Siippofing (to be a boar wc carried over to Long Idand a fow, bit fcting °"' miltake, wc brought her back. This ■ridcnc afforded us fome hopes, that this ifland in time ,yi be ilocked with fuch ufeful animals. Lieutenant fcktrfgill was told the fame Hory by one of the na- Mcs, of a fhip having been loft, but the man de- ^, thoigh many people were killed, it waa not Kithcm. On the ^th, wc obtained a feafonable and Iniiful fupply of ti(h from our old friends. Early in Se morning Capt. Cook, accompanied by Mr. Sparr> gin, and the MefTrs. Forfters, embarked in the pin- 0X, and proceeded up the found in order to difcover imflage that way out to Tea by the S. E. Wc were (ti by fome filhermen, who all declared, there was no lilage by the head of the found ; and foon after four ^n a canoe concurred in the fame opinion, con. Iming what the others had faid, but they gave us to giikritand, that there was fuch a palTagc to the caft. Wc therefore laid afidc our firft dtUgn of going to the Ind of the found, and proceeded to this arm of the Id, on the S. E. Me, which is about five leagues above fcide of Mortuara. Within the entrance, at a place alkd Koticghenooec, we came to a large fettlement of ic natives. Their chief, Tringo-bohec, and fome of butendants had lately been on board the ftiip, by tbom wc were received with great civility ; and thcfe nple encouraged u« to puriue the objedt we had in Set. We therefore continues our courfe down this in' of th? fca, E.N. E. and E. by N. having a view levcnil fine covci, which we palfcd, and at length «e found it open, by a channel about a mile wide, ho (he (trait. A Itrong tide ran out, and we had ob- krved another fetting down the arm. Near four o'clock f.M. this tide ceafed, and was fucceeded by the flood. Tk outlet lies S. E. by E. and N. W. by W. from Torawhitte. A little within the entrance, we found Airtttn fathomi water: but, from its fituation, it feinoi necclTary to have a trading wind either to'go ■or out of thii channel ; but having determined to Rum on board before night, we had not time'to make tther neccffary obfervations. We fiiw a Hippah, or limghold, about two miles within the entrance, built ' M the north fide, which we omitted vifiiing, though UK inhabitants made ligns for ui to conte on uiorc ; but, lithout paying any regard to them, we made the beft •four way for the ihip, and returned on board about in o'clock, bringing with us a few filh and birds { ama which laft were fome ducks wc had (hot, of the jinx kind as thofe in Dulky Bay. The natives knew Mt, and fcveral other foru, by the drawings, and had ipinicular name for each. On Sunday, the 6th, our old friends returned, and took up their abode near the tents. An old man, named Pcdero, m.idc Capt. Cook a prefent of i (laif of ho- nour, fuch as the chiefs cany; and, in retu.n, the cap- tain drclfcd him up in a fuit of o'd cloaths, which made him very happy. He had a fine perfon, and his co- lour only dillinguifbcd him from an European. Wc enquired of htm and his companion, if the Adventure had been there during cur abfcnce; and they gave us to undcrftand, that (lie arrived a little time alter our departure ; that Ihc ifaid about twenty days, and had been gone ten moons ; and that neither (he, nor any other (hip, had been flrandcd on the coaft. This ac- count made us eafy refpedling the Adventure, but did not wholly remove our fufpicions of fome misforti ne having happened to ftrangers. This day wc went with a number of hands, in order to catch the fow and put her to boar, but wc returned without feeing her. Pedcro dined with ui, partook heartily of every thing fct before him, and drank more wine than any one at table, without being in the leaft intoxicated. On the 8th, we put a boar, a fow, and two pigs on (hore, near Cannibal Cove ; (o that wc he j all cur repeated endeavours to ftock this country will not prove fruitlefs. We found a hen's egg a few days ago, and therefore believe, that fome of the cocks and hens we left here are ftill in being. On the ^th, we un- moored, and (hifted our (lation farther out the cove, for (he more ready getting to fea ; but at prefent, the caulkers had not finifhed the fides of the fhip \ and wc could not fail till this work was conflicted. Our friends brought us a large fupply of filh, and, in re- turn, we gave Pedcro a large empty oil jar, with which he fecmed highly delighted. Wc never faw any of our prcfcnts after they received them, and cannot fay whe- ther they gave them away, or what they di J with thtnt j but we obferved, every time wc vifited them, they were as much in want of hatchets, nails, &c. as if wc had not beftowed any upon them. Notwithftanding thcfe people arc cannibals, they arc of a good difpofition, and have not a little humanity. We have befpre ob- ferved the inconveniencies attending them for a want of union among thcmfelvcs; and we are pcrfuaded, though upon the whole very numerous, they are under nq form of government. The head of each tribe, or family, is rcipet^cd ; rcfpetfl may command obedience ; but wc are inclined to think, not one among thrm has ei.thpr«, right or power to enforce it. Vcry^tcw, wc ob- ferved, paid any regard to the words or adiionj of Trm^-bohee, though he was reprefentcd to «s as ta chMjt 9f fome note. In the afternoon we went into one of the coves ( where, upon landing, we found two fainiliei employed in different manners : fome were making nuts, others were fieeping : fome were loafting filh and roots ; and one girl was employed in heating fiones, which (he took out of the fire as fca^ as they were hot, and miva them to an old wontrin, who fat in the hut. "The okl woman placed them one upon another, laid over them fome greco celery, and over all a coarfe mat': (he then fquatted herfclf down on the top of the heap, and fat very clofe. Probably this operation might be intended as a cure for fome difor- der, to be cftcdled by the fteams arifing from the green celery, and we perceived the woman fecmed very fickly. =Ts CHAP. vm. ■ I . ■ ■ ■ . ••■;.. I Jfc Dtparlure of Ibe Rffdutionfnm Nexv Zfaland—Her pojlfagefirom hence It Terra del Fiiego^-The run from Cape De- jtada i» Chrijimas Sound— The cmJI drfirihed-^Ineideftls ana tran/aUions in the Sound— -A defcription 0/ the cwuitry, Mdan bifioricttl account of the inbabi lints — The Refolulitn departs Jrom Chrifttnas Sound -^ doubles Cape Horn — Her ft^ife llmHth'flvait Le Maire, ami round Staten Ifland— A _barhmr in this ifte difcovered — The corns de/cribed^ (ko^mthi'dOb/ervaticns'— Remarks on tjlands, and the animals fiund in them, near Stolen Land — bepartuxt from Si''!r: ;U rd— Nautical obfefvations — The ifland of Georgia difcovered, and a d^criptive account of the fame. TirlU' jP/fW, Nov. 10, at day-break, we weighed, and -,,>fd from Queen Charlotte's Sound, in ji !(!* 7, -ik-.,-, having a fine brcerc at W. N. W. All No. -ii. our fail* being let, we got round the Two Brother*, and ftretched for Cape Campbell, at the S. W. entrance of the ftrait. We patTed this at four o'clock P. M. diRant aZ five 'm U^'m 1 !•■? l82 Cnpt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. t ^^m ^4m five leagues, and then ftceied S. S. E. half E. On the nth, at fcven o'clock P. M. Cape Pallifcr bore N. half W. dillant fixtccn leagues, from which Cape, for the third time, we took oui departure. We now rtecred 3- hy £. in order to get into the latitude of 54 or 55 deg. Capt. Cook's intention being to crols this vaft nceari in ihefe paiallcls, hoping by this courfe to pafs over thofe parts, which, the ;)rcceding fummer, were left unexplored. On the 12th, A. M. we were in la- titude 4j lieg. 13 min. 30 fee. S. and in 176 dcg. 4I min. E. longitude, when we law an uncommon fifhofthe whale kind; and, in the afternoon, the Pintado Pe- ferrls began to appear. On the 1 ^th, atfeven'ithe evening, we hauled up towards a fog bank, whkv.ii wc took lor land j after which wc fteercd S. E. by S. and faw a feal. At noon, by obfcrvation, we found our latitude to be 44 deg. 25 min. S. longitude 177 dcg. 3 1 min. E. On the 1 4th, we faw another feal in latitude 45 deg. 54 min and 179 deg. 29 min. E. Idng. On the I 5th, having p:iired thegreat meridian of 1 80 deg. E. which divides the globe into two equal parts, we be- gan to reckon our loni^.tude weft of Greenwich. At noon our latitude obfcrvcd v».-»s 49 drg. 33 min. longi- tude 175 dcg. 51 min. VV. On Thurfday the i7tb, we faw a feal, fomc penguins, and pieces of fca weed. On the 19th we were in latitude 53 deg. 43 min. and on the :oth, at noon, in latitude 54 deg. 8 min. longi- tude 162 dcg. 18 min. W, Monday, the 21U, »e iK'tred S. F,. by .S. and at ntvon we faw abimdancii of blue petercls, in htitudc 55 deg. 3 1 min. longitude 160 deg. 29 min. On the 2;d, at noon, our latitude by ob- fcrvation was 55 dcg, 48 min. longitude 156 deg. ^6 min. W. In the afternoon, having a light breeze at 6. S. K. wc fleered ealt, northerly; and, in the night, was a faint appearance ol the Aurora Aultralis. On the a3d, we were inlititude 55 deg. 46 min. S. longitude 1 56 dcg. 1 3 mm W. when a frefh gak blew from the vert, and wc fleered now E. half N. On the 26th, wc were in latitude jr, deg. 8 min. S. and in 148 deg. 10 min. W. longitude. On Sunday, the i7th, wc fleered caft, having a fteady frefl^ galc; and at noon, were in latitude 55 dfg. 6'min S. and in 1 jK deg 56 min. W. Ibngiiude. In this parallel, not a hope remained of finding any n>ore land in the foiitiicrn I'acific Ocean. We reiolvcd therefore to fleer for the wtft entrance of the f'^'iights of Maghellan, with a view of coafling the fouth lide of Terra del Fuego, round Cape Horn, to the Str»it l.e Mnirc. We thought this track might be an ad- vantage to navigation and geography, at the world is little acquaintetl with that fliorc. In the afternoon wt had fqually weather, which carried awaf our top-gal- hnt ni.ifl. On the 28th A. M. the bolt rope of the maintop-fail broke, whereby the fail was fplit. The rope*, to our fquaie fails cfpecially, are notof a fize and flrengvh fiifficieht to wear out the canvafs. At noon we were irt Initiide 55 deg. 20 min. S. and in 134 deg. 16 min. W. longitude. On the 29th, the wind abated; and on the ^oth, at 8 o'clock P. M. the wind veering to N. E. we tacked, and flood to E. S. E. We were now in latitude 55 deg. 22 min. Ji. and in uSdeg. 45 mm. W. longitude. Several albatrofTes afid pcDcreU were feen. On Thurfday, the 1 ft of December, at three o'clock v. M. It fell a calm, but at about fevcn, wcgot a wind at .S. E. with which wc flood N. E. On the 5th, a fine [V«le at fouth, enabled us to fleer eaft, with very little deviation to the north; and the wind no* altering to S. W. and blowing a flcady gale, we conti(jued to llccr c.ifl, ioclining a little to fouih. At fix o'clock in the evening, we were in latitude 53 deg. 8 min. and in 115 deg. 58 min. W. longitude. On the 6th, wc had fomc fiitiw fhowers ; and on Wcdnefday, the 7th, a fine plca- fant gale, with fhowers «f rain. On the 9ih, at noon, we found ourfelvcs by obfcrvation, in latitude 53 deg. 37 min. and in 103 deg, 44 min. weft longitude. The wind veered now to N. K. and aftcrwattl.i came infen- Ubly round to the Ibuth by ihe E. and S. K. On ihe loth we pafTed a fmall bed of fca weed, in latitude 54' d^. longitude loj dcg. 7 mm. W. On the nth, we It'll - ■••.:■;' fleered E. half a point N. and on the 12th, at fix inj evening we were in latitude 53 deg. 35 min. Ion" tude 95 deg. 52 mm. W. Many and various fortsol albatrofTes were hovering about the ftiip. On Monda J the i2th, wc had a calm which continued till mij] night, when a breeze from the fouth fixing at wert J fleered cafl. On the 14th, in the morning, we fo'unj the variation of the compafs to be 1 3 dcg, 2c min in latitude 53 dcg. 25 mm. longitude 87 deg. 51 mm W, which increaled in fuch a manner, that on the i -m in the latitude of 53 deg, 30 min. longitude 82 d(Jl min. W. it was 170 E. This day w: faw a pcnauinl and on the 16th, a feal, and fomc diving pctcrclf oJ Saturday the 17th, the variation increafcd to ii(j,a 38 min. being in latitude 53 deg. i6 mm, S. ami % 75 dcg. 9 mm. weft longitude. All this day wc (IcerfJ eatt by north, and eaft half north, un Icr all ihc fj,] wc could carry, in hopes of liicing the land biioil night I but not m:ikiiig it till ten o'clock, we |lo,rJ eaft, in order to make liirc of falling in with Capo I)T fcada. At midnight wcmailc the land, exteiidingfrijiiiN E. by N. to E.by S. about fix leagues dil^ant; updnfa.ij which we brought to with the Ihip'.s head totlic Um-\ Having founded, we found fcventy.jivc fathoms Maic| the bottom good. The laiiil bct()ie us wc conciujj to be th- weft toaft of Terra del !• uego, nt«r the »J entrance of the ftiaighis ot Maghtlbn. This btiJ the firrt run m.idc by Cipt. Codcg. 25 min. W. longitude. Trom our prcfcnt int ot view, it terminated in two high towers, and jn them, a hill fliapcd like a fugiir loaf. To this kwe gave the name of York Minfter. To the weft- jd of this head land, about two leagues, wedifcovered ibfgt inlet, the weft point of which wc fetched in withj lacktd in 4! fatnoms water, nbt'inore than half a from the fliore.' To the weftward pf this inlet rbv another, with fcvcral iftaiids at its entrance. OnTucfday the 20th, we p«;rv'civcd thc,P)ip to drive 'the (hurc out to fca ; which wc attributed to a cur> j for by the melting of the fnow, the inland waters occalion a ftrcam to rufi out of molt of thefe in. In the evening, a breeze fnringing up at E. by S. (lend m lor the land, being ucfirous of entering one tJtcmany ports, in order to take a view of the coun- and to recruit our ftock of wood and water. In IkkliiTg in linr an opening, apparently on the eaft fide York Minfter, we founded in 40 and 60 fethoms tr. Our laft' founding^ were nearly between no points that form the entrance to the i.itet, Nch we obferved to branch out into two arms. We for that to the call, as being clear of illoti ; but "oumling, found no bottom with a line of 190 In this difagreeable riiuationabrcc7.c fpring- ap,our captain refolved to ft^nd up the in' -t t but >t approaching, our fafrty dcr'nded on cafting hor, ue therefore continued founding, but alvays, to notiitkatioii, in an unfathomable depth. We hiulul up under the caft-fide of the land, and ig a linall cove, fent the boat a-hcad to found, ^It we kept with the fliip as near the Ihore ;\s pof- Thc boat fooh returned with the iofottnaiion tinted for, and wc thought ourfelves happy, when hid.inchored in 30 fathoms, in a bottom of (and broken ft^elU. On the 21ft, a party was fent out vvith two boats, to kfora more fccure flation. They found Ji cove iv( the point under which the fl)ip lay, ih \lt'hith }f/ik inggood anchorage. At the head of it was a . beach, a valley covered with wood, land a ftrcam Ml water t convenicncicn more favourable than wt cipeifl would be found in fut h a place. Here alfo they (hot three geefe out of four. Orders were now difpatcned by Lieut. Gierke to remove the fliip into this place, and we proceeded with Capt. Cook in the other boat, farther up the inlet. We now difcovcred^ that the land we were under, which disjoined the tvCo arms, as mentioned before, was an ifland, at the north end of which the two channels united. We returned on board, and found every thing in readincfs to weigh ; which was done, and all the boats fent out to tow the fliip round the point; but a light breeze fpringing up, wc were obliged to drop the anchor again, left the lliip fhould fall upon the point. However, wc foon after got round this under our ftay-fails, and anchored in 20 fathoms water. We were now fhut in from the fea by the point above-mentioned, which was in one with the extremity of the inlet to the eaft. Our dif. tance from fliore was not more than a third of a mile ; and iflots oflT the next pqint above us, covered the (hip fmm the N. W. from which quarter the wind had the greatcft force. All hands were immediately employed j ibme to clear a place to till water ) fome to cut wood, and others to pitch a tent, for the reception of a guard, and Mr. Wales could find no better ftation for his obfervatory than the top of a rock, not exceeding nine feet over. On Thurfdaythc 22d, two parties were fent out, one to examine and draw a ikctch of the channel, on the other fide of the ifland, and the Captain, attended by the botanifts, to furvey the northern fide of the found. In our way to this latter plaoe, wc landed on the point of a low iflc covered with herbage, fevcral fpots of which had been lately burnt ; thefe, with a hut we difcovered, were figns that people were in the neigh, bourhood. From hence wc proceeded round the call end jf Burnt Ifland, over to » hat we fuppofed to be the main land of Terra del Fuego, where we difcovered a tine harbour, furrounded by high rocks, down which glided many purling ftreaius, and at their feet were tome tufts of trees, very (it (or fuel. Capt. Cook named this harbour the Devil's Rafon. It is divided into two parts, an inner and an outer one ; and the com- munication between them is by a narrow channel five fathoms deep. We found at one time 17 in the outer bafon, and 23 in the inner one. This laft is (haded from the fun in his meridian fplcndor, and, though very fccure, is intolerably gloomy. The outer harbour has not fo much of this inconvenience, is equally fali;, and rather more commodious. It lies about a mile diftant from the eaft end of Burnt Ifland, in the direc- tion north. Wc difcovered other harliouru to the weft of this, and found wood for fuel, and frc(h water, in or near them all. Before one was a ftreain of frefli water, which came out of a large lake, continually fup* plied by a falling cafcade. The whole country is a barren rock, except the fire wooi! which grows here, and what we faw of it affords no other vegetation of any kind. But to comi^enfatc for this dreary fcene of Itcrility, about the fea coaft, the all-bountiful God of nature has fcattcrcd many large and fmall, but fruitful Tow iflands, the foil of which is a black rotten turf, compored of decayed vegetables. On one of thefe wo faw fevcral huts that had lately been inhabited. Near them was a good deal of celery t wc put as much as we could conveniently ftow in our boat, and at feyen o'clock in the evening we returned on board. During our abfcncc a fatal accident had befallen one of our marines, who had not hern feen finte 1 1 o'clock the preceding night. We fuppofed he had fallen over* Doiardt and was drowned. In this excurfion we fhot 6^ly one duck, three (h.igs, and about the fame number of rails or fca-pies. The other party, among whom were Lieutcoants Gierke and PjcVcrfgill, returned oa board fome hours before, us.' On the weft 11 Jc of the other channel, they difcovered Ji large harbour and oni fmallrr, of both which they took flictchcs. bn'the ijd. Lieut. P^ckerfgill went out to examine |H^ e^ft fide of the fcMind, While the Captain proceeded In the pinnace to the wcft-fidc, with a view of going round the iflaiid under which the (lilp lay, which he called Shag Ulandi and ^n ord^r (^ take a furvey of 'fin W^i ^nij^ii If iii, M -■■■t m 'V-V i. 1 r. i R» .ll _ibF 1 'ii i:'.iir " ii <.{ii.i' .; i84 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. the palTage leading to the harbours our two lieutenants had difcovercd the day before. If coining from fca, it is necelFiry to leave all the rocks and idands, lying off and within York Minfter, on the larboard-fidc, anathc black rock, off the fouth-end of Shag Ifland. on the thrboard. When abreaft of the fouth-cnd of that idand, we hauled over for the well (hore, taking care to avoid the beds of weeds, indications of rocks, fome of which were 1 2 fafhonjs under water ; but we thought it the fafell way always to keep clear of them. The entrance into the large harbour, which wc called Port Qerk, is to the north of fonic low rocks, lying off a point on "''ng Ifland. This harbour lies in W. by S. a mile and a half. It hath wood and frefh water, and from 12 to 24 fathoms deep. To the fouthward of Port Clerk, feemed to be another harbour, formed by a large ifland ; without this, between it and York Minfter, the whole fea appeared llrewed with iflots, rocks, and breakers. At the fouth end of C'lg Ifland the (hags breed in vaf^ numbers, in the cliffs of the rocks. Wc Ihot fome of the old ones, but could not come at the young ones, which arc by much the beft eating. We likcwife brought down three wild gecfe, a valuable acqui- fition at this time. We returned and got on board at (even o'clock in the evening. Mr. Pickerfgill, who had jufl before arrived, informed us, that the land oppolitc to our ftation is an ifland ; that on another more to the north, he found many terns eggs ; and in a cove be- tween that and the £aft Head, he had (hot one goofc, and got fome young gollings. On Saturday the Z4th, two fporting parties went over one of the N. E. fide of the ifland above mentioned, ■which was named Goofc Ifland ; and the other, accom- panied by Capt. Cook, went by the S. W. fide. When under the ifland wc had plenty of fport, having (hot as many gccfc as ferved for a Chriftmas meal for our hien, which proved much more agreeable to them than fait beef nd jiork. Wc all returned heartily tired, by climbing over the rocks, when uc had landed, in pur- fuit of our game. In the fouth of the ifland were abundance of gcefe, it being their mioulting (<:afon, when inoft of them come on fhore, and are not dif- pofed to fly. Our party got fixty-two, and Mr. Picketf- cill with his aflbcUtcs fourteen. Plenty of (hags were (cen in the cove, but we proceeded without fpending time or (hot upon them. Wc were informed by our people on boaid, that a number of natives, irt nine canoes, had been along-fidc, and fome of their, in the (hip : they feemed well acquainted with Europeans, and had fcvcral of their knives among them. On the 2 jth, being Chriftmas day, we had another vifit from them. They appeared to be of the fame nation, wc had formerly fctn in Suocefs Bay j and which M. de Dougiiinvillc calls Pecharas, bccaufc they con- tinually ufed this word. They arc a diminutive, ugly, haif-(turvcd, beardlefs race ; alinoft naked, being only (lightly covered with a fcal-fkin or two joined together, fo as to make a cloak, which reached to their knees j but the greatcrt part of them had but one (kin, which fcarccly coverccl their (lioulders, and all their lower parts were quite naked. The women are clothed no better than ihc men, except that they cover their naked- nefs with a fca I (kin flap. They are inured from their infancy to cold and hard(hip^ lor we faw two young children at the breaft entirely naked. They remained all the time in their canoes, having their bows and ar- rows with them, and harpoons, madp of bone, with which wc imagined, they ftrike and kill fifh. Both they and their cloathi fmelt moft intolerably of triiin oil. Wc threw them fome bifcuit, but they fccn(>i:d much better pleafed with our prefents of medals, knives, ice. Their canoci were made of bark, and on each of them was a fire. They had alfo large feal hides, which may fervc as covering to their huts, on (liore, in foul weather. They all departed before dinner, nor ^'\A we believe, any o^c invited them to partake of our Chriftmai cheer, which coniffted of gecfe, roaft and boiled, goofe-pyc, Aec. a treat little known to us 1 and which wai heightened by Madeira wine, the only article of our proyifioni that was mended by keeping. Per- son anl I haps our friends in England did not celebrate Chr ft mas more chearfully than wc did ; and, with fuch fa it would have been a real difappointmcnt to have h" our apjictites fpoiled, by the dirty perfons of thofc filth people, and by the fteftch they always carried abo them. Wc called this place Chriflmas Sound in h^ nour of the day, and thejoy ful feflival wc had celebrar here. On the 26th, we were again viftted by fomi the natives, aid as it was very cold in the evening a they flood (hivering on the deck, the Captain from impulfc of humariity, gave them fome old canvalia baize for covering. On Tucfday the 27th, every thing on niore wjior- dcrcd on board. The weather being fine and pleafant a party of us went round by the fouth fide of Gooc' Ifland, and picked up 31 ot thcfe kind of birds. On the ealt-fide of the ifland, to the north of the eaftpoin" is a good place for Ihips to lay in that are bound foi the wcfl. When wc returned on board, we found all the work done, and the launch in, fo that we noi only waited for a fair wind to put to fea. The cntrino of Chriftmis Sound, which wc cxpcded foon to Icav is three leagues wide, and (ituated in latitude cc di 27 inin. S. and in 7odeg. 16 min. W. longitude- ,„ the diredion of north 37 deg. W. from St. lldefonfj IQes, diftant 10 leagues. We think thcfe illes to bctin beft land mark for finding the found. It is advifeabl,^ ,^ ,urrc.u uv. . for no one to anchor very near the (tiore, for wcwntMi „ , L nr rally found there a rocky Utom, The refrelhmSS Wf hTifte 1 be procured at this place are wild fowl, very gooj celery, and plenty of inufclcs, not large, but well taftcdj The gcefe arc fmaller than our Englifh tame ones, bui eat as well as the beft of them. The gander is aj white J the female fpotred with black and white, witH a large white (pot on each wing. Here is alfo a kin of duck, which pur propic called the race-horfc, 0- account of its fwiftnefs on the water, for the winmbcJ ing too (hort to fupport the body in the air, it aima fly. We believe, from ccruin circumftances, the pwy pie do not live her- throughout the whole of the wintcrl leafon, but retire to. parts where the weather ij Icf fcvere. To appcararice^ they are the moft wretched all the natives Wc have fecn. They live iri an inhofpi tabic clime, and dd' not fcem to live fagacity cnougL to provide thcnAfelvcs with the comforts of li^c, putU cularly in the article of cloathing. Barren as this coin try if, our botanifts found therein many unknown plain. In the woods is the tree which produceth the wintcr| bark J alfo the holly-lcaved barberry { and plenty i berries, w hich wc called cranberry j with many otlv forts common in thcfq ftraits. On Wedntfday the 28th, we failed from this foun with a light breeze at N. W. At noon Point NativitJ being the eaft part of the found, bore N. half W. di| tant one league and a half. Wfi ftecrcd S. E. by E and E. S. E. till four o'clock, P. ^. when wc hauled il the fouth, for the fake of a nearer view of St. IlderonrJ Thccoaft appeared indented as ufual, and atthiitin we, were abrcaft of an inlet lying E. S. E. At the wd p^int of this arc two high peaked hills, and below then trtVic eaft, two round ones, or fmall, ifles, inthcditcc tiol» of N. E. and 5. W. from each other, At half pil f^vc- o'clock, wc had a good fight ot Ildcfonfo IflcL Thcfe are fituatcd about fix leagues from the main, il latitude 55 dcg. 53 min. S. and in 69 deg. 41 min. Vlf longitude. We now reftimcd and continued ourcourj to Ihc eaft. At Tunfet the ncarefl land bore S. E. by a three foiirths E. and the weft point of NalTau flay, di| covicred by Admiral Hermitc in 1624, borfnordif deg. K, fliTlcagues diftant. This point, in (bme chart is called Palfe Cape Horn, as being the fomhtrn poiij of Terra del Fuego. It lies in latitude 55 dcg. j() mil S. From the above mentioned inlet to this fsllccap the diredion of the coa(\ i| nearly E.' half* point! diftant 14 or 15' leagued. Cyn the aoth.at three o'cteck A. M. we (leered S.1 by S. at four Cape Horn, for which we now madcfil bore E. by S. at a diftance it is krown by a round big hill over it 1 and though to tne W. N. W. there ill point not unlike ihli« ycf their ficuitions will aUil cook's second voyage— fcr making Dijcoveriesin iht South Seat U Round the JVorld: 185- fyl^^cicnt CO diftinguiih the one from the other. At 1 ' pad feven we paiTcd this cape, and entered the r Bihcrn Atlantic Ocean. Two peaked rocks are on | • M. W. iide of the cape, refcinbling fusar loaves ; ) other low flraggling rocks to the weu, and one Ikthofit. From Chriflir.as Sound to this Cape, the leHirfe is E. S. E. one fogrth £. diftant 31 leagues. ■The rocky point three leagues from Cape Horn, in the Lrcclion 1^- N. £. wc called Millaken Cape. It is Ijufouthern point of the eafternmoft of Hermite Itks. ■There feemcd to be a pallage between thefc two' capes IkKo N'atTau Bay. In this palFage fome iflcs were feen, lind on the well fide, the coad had the appearance of liirming f;ood bays and harbours. In fame charts Cipe iHom is l>i>d down as part of a fmall ifland, which wc ly not in our power to confirm or cpntradidt, as the llazy wcither rendered every objcft indiftindl. From llitnci: we fleered E. by N. hall N. without the rocks llhit lie oif Miftaken Cape. Having paflcd thcfe, wc ■ leered N. E. half £. and N. £. for Strait le Maire. lAtcinht o'clock, in the evening, finding ourfvlves near llhe llriit, wc fhottened fail, and hauled the wind. IThcliiR'r-loaf on Tern del Fucgo bore north 33 deg. If.ihc point of Succcfs B.iy jud open of the cape of lllicfjmc name, hearing north iodcg. E. On ihc 30th, during the calm, wc were driven by hbeciirrent over to Stiten I^and ; but a light breeze jl^mging up at N, N. \V. wc (loo<< over for Succcfs l|»v We hoiftel our colours, and, having before fired IliOEuns, we perceived a fnioke rife out of the woods, I tide by the natives above the foutl- point of the bay, Ifhich was the place where they rcfi leil when we were Iktrti" i7f)9- A party was now line into Succefs Bay, Donlfrtodircaver it any traces of the AJvcnture were Inlxffci) thirc; but they returned without having faind any. Our ftiip's name, &;c. were written on a oni, .mil nailed to a tree which Hood near the place there it was likely the Adventure would water, Oiou'd fx be behind us, and put into this place. When Mr. Piclieif^ill landed, the natives received him and his iffofiatcs with great courtefy. They were cloathcd in ■Icillkins, had bracelets on their arms, and appeared to bcihefame kind of people we had feen in Chridmas Swind. The bracelets were made of filver wire, wrought >ine«hat like the hilt of a fword, and no doubt, the vorkmanlhip of an European. According to Mr. Pickerfgill's report, the bav was full of wliales and tili, and wc had obferved the fame in the flrair, par- ticularly on the Terra del Fuego fide, where the whales irt exceeding numerous. Having now explored the kuth coad of Terra del Fuego, wc rcfolved to do I'ihe riinr by Statcn Land. Ac nine o'clock the wind I iterinp to N. W. wc tarkcd, and Hood to S. W. On Saturtlay the 3 i II in the morning, wc bore tip Hirthc call end ot Statin Land } which, at half paft four borefouth 60 deg. E. the weft cml fouth s deg. E. and Terra del I'uego fbuth 40 dig. W. The weather being I kazv, wc could only now ar.d then get light of the cull; but as wc advanced to the call, fcvcral iflands tttefccnnf uniqual c:ttent. We were abrtaft of the ftfX e«lUin one at eight o'clock, A. M. when wc nitrd lonie time for clear weather : but as it did not ! dcir up as wc wiflied, wc hauUd round the eart epdof ■ihcinand, for the fake of anchorage, if wc llioi^d think i it neccllliry. Wc wtrc now dillant from the iflc two ! mile), and (bunding found onl^ 39 fathoms water. As te continued our tourfe, we law on this idand n great Ninibcrof feals and birds, a ftrong timptntion to our Qie who were in want of trclh provifions ; and in ng round it, we had a (Irong race of a current, likc^i unbroken water. At length, alter filhing fur the ben ground, we caft anchor in a i fathoms water, about a mile frnir the sHand, which ixtcndcd ftom i)orth 18, •Ifi;. E. to N. 55 deg. and half W. The weaihei(' kving loon after cleared up, we hnda fight ol Cape Sti; John, or the end end of Statcn Land, bcoring fi^uih, ijdrg, E. diflant four leagues. Ihcilland <|icltcrci|< vifrom the north wind, and Staten Land from thi Inith, The other iflei lay to th< wcO, and fecurcd u^f fioinihe north wind 1 yet wc wctc Jiut .only opeii No, 2}, the N. E. and E. but to the N. W. winds. Wc might have avoided this fituation, by anchoring more to the weft, but the Captaiii was eieirirous of being near the ifland, and of having it in his power to get to fea with, any wind. In the afternoon a large party of us land- ed, fome to kill fcals,. and others birds or ti(h. The ifland was fi) (locked with the former, which made fiicb a continual bleating, that we might have thought our-' felves in Eflex, or any other country where cows and calves arc in abundance. Uj)on examination we found thefc animals different from foals, though they refem- bled them in fliape and motion. The male having a great likenefs to a lion, we called them on that account lions. We alfo found of the fame kind as the Nt-w* Zealand feals, and thefc we named fca-beais. W« (hot fome of the large ones, not thinking it fafe to go near them ; though, in general, they were fo tame, that wc knocked fome down with our llicks. Here were a few geefe and ducks, and abundance of pen;iuin8 and liiags; the latter of which had young ones almoft fledged, confcquently juft to our tafte. In the evening our party returned fufficienily laden with provifions of various forts. On the I ft of January, being Sunday, Mr. Gilbert was fcnt out to Staten Land, in feaich of . ^ a good harbour, nothing more being want- .' "^" ing, imhe opinion of C.iptain Cook, to make th*s place a good port for fliips to touch at for refrefhments. Another party went to bring on board the hearts wc had killed the preceding day. The old lions and bears were good for nothing but their blubber, of which wc made oil i but the flclh of the yoting ones we liked very well ; even the flelh of the old lioncflcfs was not much amifsj but that of the males was abo- minable. Captain Cook took an obfervation of the fun'^ meridian altitude (his height at noon) at the N. E. end of this ifland, which determined its latitude at 54 deg. 40 mia. 5 fee. S. Having (hot a few geefe, fome other birds, and fupplied ourfelves plentifully with young fliags, we returned on board in the evening. .About ten o'clock the party returned from Staten Land, where they found a gooti port, in the direClion of north, a little cafterly, from the N. E. end of the Eaftern Ifland, and diflant thicc leagues to the weft- ward of Cape St. John. The marks w hereby it may be known, arc fome fmall iflands lying in the entrance. The channel, which is on the eaft lidc of thefe iflands, is half a mile broad. The courfe is in S. W. by S. turn- ing gradually to W. by S. and W. The harbour is alm(>Il two miles long, and near one broad. The bottom is a mixture ut mud and land, and hath in it from 10 to 50 fathoms water. Here arc fcvcral dreams of frelh water, with goexl wood lor fuel. On this ifland are an innumerable number of fca-gulls, the air was quite darkened with them, upon being dillurbed by our people: and when they role up, wc were almoft fuf- focated with their dung, which they fecnicd to emit by way of defence j and 11 flunk worle than what is vul- garly called Devil's dung. 1 his port was named New- Year's Harbour, fiom the day on which it was dif- covercd, and is certainly a very convenient one for fliip- ping, lK)und to the weft, or round Cape Florn. It is true, fltips cannot put to fea with an tafteriy or north- erly wind I but thefe winds are never known to be of long cuncinuancc, and thofc front the fouth or welt quarters are the muft prevailing. On Tucfday ihe3d, we weighedand flood for Cape Sr. John, which, in the evening, bore N. by E. diflant four miles. This cape, being (he eallern point of Statcn Land, is a rock of conliderabic height, fiiunted in lati- tude 54 deg.46min. S. am' in 64 deg. 7 min. W. longi- tude, having a rocky iflot lying clole under the north point of it, To the weflwaid of the cape is an inlet, which feemcd to con.munirate with the lea to the fuuth ; and between this and the cape is a bay. Having doubled the cape, we hatiled up along the louth roaO. At noon Cape St; John bone north 20 deg. £. diftanc •bout three leagues: Cape St. Bartholomew, or the $. W. point of Siaten Land/fulnnSj deg. W. two high jdcufihcd rocki ix>rth 80 deg. W^ By obfcryatioa " 3 A ■ our ..itlli '}■ &*i hi!^! W. i f< .■Ill r •''!!, ■ !'j 5 1 ■' un u !l i86 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. our latitude was found to be 54 deg. 56 tnin. S. We now judged this land to have been fufficiently ex- plored i but before we leave it, think it ncceifary to make a few obfervations on this and its neighbouring iflands. The S. W. coaft of Terra del Fueeo, with refoed to inlets and iflands, nnay be compared to t|ie coaft of Norway ; for we believe within the extent of three leagues there is an inlet or harbour, which will re- ceive and (hclter the firft rate fliips ; but, till thcfe are better known every navigator mufl, as it were, fi(h for anchorage : add to this, there are feveral rocks on the coad ; though as none lie far from land, the ap- proach to them may be known by founding, if they cannot be feen ; fo that upon the whole, we cannot think this the dangerous coaft it has been reprefented by other voyagers. Staten Land is thirty miles in length, and nearly twelve broad. Its furface condfts of craggy hills, towering up to a vaft height, efpecially near the weft end, anathe coaft is rocky. The grcateft part of the hills, their fummits excepted, is covered with trees, flirubs, and herbage. We cannot fay any thing, that navigators may depend on, concerning the tides and currents on thcfe coafts ; but we obfcrved that in Strait Lc Maire, the foutherly tide, or current, begins to adt at the new and full moon about four o'clock. It may alfo be of ufc to our commanders to remark, that if bound round Cape Morn to the weft, and not in want of any thing that might make it neccflary to put into port, in this cafe, we would advife them not to come near the land ; as by keeping out to fea, thev would avoid the currents, which, we are convincea, lofe their force at twelve leagues from land ; and at a greater diftance they would tind none to impede their courfc. We would juft add to thefe nautical obferva- tions, that all the time of our being upon the coaft, we had more calms than ftorms; the winds were variable; nor did we experience any fcverc cold weather. The mercury in the thermometer, at noon, was never below 46 deg. and during our ftay in Chriftmas Sound, it was generally above temperate. The ifland we landed on, and the fame may be faid of the neighbouring iilcs, is very unlike Staten Land. Its furface uofequai height, havingan elevationof thirty or forty feit above the ica, from which it is fecured by a rocky coaft. It is covered wit'i fword grali, of a beautiful verdure, and of great length, growing in tufts, on little hillocks. Among thefe are the tracks of fta bears and penguins, by which they retire into the centre of the ille. Thefe paths rendered our ex- curfiuns rather difagrecable, for we were fometimes up to our knees in inirc. Indeed the whole furface is moift and wet. The animals on this little fpot are fea lions, fea bears, a variety of fea fowls, and fome land birds. I'he largcft lion we faw was fourteen feet long and eight or ten in circumference. The back of the head, the neck and Ihoulders, are covered with long hair, like thofc of the lion ; the other parts of the body with fliort hair, like that of the horfe : the co- lour ot both is a dark brown. The female is of a light dun colour, and about half the flze of the male. They live in herds near the fea-(l)ore, and on the rocks. As this was the time for engendering, and bringing forth their young, we faw a male with twenty or thirty fe- males about him, and he feemed verv dcfiroui of keep> ing them all to hinifcif, beating oft every other male who attempted to approach the flock. The fea bears arc fmalierthnn the lions, but rather larger than a com- mon feal. All their hairs are of an equal length, fome- thing like an otter's, and the general colour is that of an iron-grey. This kind the French call fea wolves, and the Englifli ftals. They arc, however, diftercnt from thofc in Europe and North America. The lions too may be called overgrown f^als j for they are all of the fame fpecies. The hairs of the fea bears are much finer than ihofe of lions. They permitted ui to ap- proach very near ; but it was dangerous to go between tlum and the fea, for if they happetvd to take fright, they would come down in vaft numbers, and run over thofc who could not get out of their way. They ut fluggifli, fleepy animals, and downright bullies, fj if waked out of their lleep they would raife up'thci heads, fnort, fnarl, and look very fierce; but when J advanced to attack them, they always ran away. ffJ place abounds with penguins, which are amphibio birds, and fo ftupid, that we could knock downt many as wc pleafed with a ftick. They are not vcJ good eating, though we thought them fo when inwaJ of better (arc. This was probably not their brecdim feafon, for wc faw neither eggs nor young ones. Hd arc great numbers of Ihags, who build their nells nd the edge of the cliffs, on little hillocks ; and a fmiHd kind, which we faw build in the clift's of the rocU The geefe are of the fame fort as thofc in ChrifltnJ Sound, but not in fuch plenty. They make a noifetj adlly like a duck. Here are feveral ducks of the for wc called racc-horfes: fomc we (hot weighed thin pounds. The fea fowls arc curlews, gulls, tern, Pou Egmont hens; and large brown birds, pretty good nd ing, which wc called Molary's geefe. The land bird were eagles, hawks, thrufties, and bald-headed vul| tures, which our failors named Turkey buzzards. T« new fpecies of birds were here difcovercd by oui natu, ralifts. One is the fizc of a pigeon, with a piunua white as milk, but not web-footed. When we I faw thefe kind of birds we took them for fnow terels, but they rcfemble them only in fizc and colouil They have a very bad fmcll, owing probably to thd food being fticll-fifti and carrion, which they pick u along ftiore. The other fort, almoft as big as a hcroi rcfemble neareft curlews. Their plumage is «•.; gated, their bills long and crooked, and ''.cir princiJ pal colours are light grey. All the animals of thj little fpot live in perled harmony, and fccm cirtfj not to difturb each other's tranquillity. The fei ijoJ poflefs moft of the fea-coaft ; the bears take up ihtij quarters within the iOe ; the ftiags lodge in the nighcif clitfs ; the penguins have their fcparate abode who] there is the moft eafy communication to and from tlv fea ; and the other birds have their places of retin ment ; yet we have obfervcd them all, with muiu reconcilement, mix together, like domeftic cattle an. poultry in a farm-yard: nay we have feen the tagia and vultures fitting together among the fti»gt, on thtiij hillocks, without the latter, either young or uld, bcii^ diflurbcd at their prefence. It will be remembered, that wc left Staten Iflando the 3d, and this day, being Wednefday the 4th, ucfaa the land again, at three o'clock A.M. and at lixo'clock in the afternoon a heavy fquall came fo ftiddenly up us, that it carritd away a topgallant-iuaft, a fluddin^ fail boom, and a fore ftudding-fail. This ended ini heavy ftiower of rain ; and wc now fleered S. W. in order to difcover the gulph of St. Sebaftian, iffuchi coaft cxifted, in which that gulph has been reprcfcntaj,! for of this wc entertained a doubt; however, thiiap^ peared to be the beft courfe to clear it up, and to ci- plorc the fouthern part of this feeing no figns of land, wel were ftill doubtful of its cxiflence t and being alfo fcar.l ful, that by keeping to the fouth, we might iiiifs thel land faid to be difcovcred by La Koche in 1 675, and b)r| the (hip Lion, in 1756 1 for thefe reafons wc hauled tul the north, in order to get into the parallel laid down bf f Dalrympic at foon as pofllblc. On the 7th, we were,! near midnight, in the latitude of $6 deg. 4 min. S.j longitude 5 3 dtu. 36 min. W. On the 8th, at noon, a j bed of fca-weed pafTtd the ftiip; and in the afternoon | wc were in latitude 55 drg. 4 min. longitude 51 deg' 45 min. On Monday, the 9th, we law a feal, and j fea-wecd. On the loth, at two o'clock A. M. weborc| away eaft, and a» eicht E. N. E. At noon, byobfcr- vatlon, we were in latitude 54 deg. 35 min. S.andi(ij 47 deg. 56 min. W. longitude. We had at thiitimtaj anv number of albttroirea and blue petercli about the j fliip. ' COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dtfcoveries in the South Seastx. Round the ff^orld. 187 We now fteercd due eaft ; and on the mh, „in latitude 54 deg. 38 min, longitude 45 deg. 10 W. On the 12th, being Thurfday, we fteered northerly ; and at noon oblerved in latitude 54 deg. imin- S. and in 42 deg. 8 min. W. longitude, which 'jtjrj deg. E. of the fituation, laid down by Mr. ilrymplc for the N. E. point of the gulph of St. Se- liin; but we had no other intimations of land, in feeing a fcal, and a few penguins ; and we had a |(kII from E. S, E. which we think would not have n had any extenfive track of land lay in that di- ludion. On Friday, the 13th, we ftood to the fouth gnoon, when finding ourfclves in latitude 55 dec. , min. we ftretched to the north. We now faw le- Itnl penguins, and a fnow pcterel, which we judged Miicnote the vicinity of ice. We alfo found the air ^ch colder than wc had felt it fincc wc left New yand. In the night we ftood to the N. E. On Sa- ^ay, the 14th, at two o'clock, P. M. in latitude 53 te. 56 min. 30 fee. S. and in longitude 39 deg. 24 ^n, W. we difcovered land, in a manner wholly co- -ipl with fnow. We founded in one hundred and fe- ^ty-fivc fathoms, muddy bottom. The land bore E,by S. diftant twelve leagues. On the 1 5th, the wind tlcw in fqualls, attended with fnow and fleet, and wc y a great fca to encounter. At paft four P. M. wc {god to the S. W. under two courfes ; but at midnight the ftonn abated, fo that wc could carry our top-fails ^blc reefed. On the t6th, at four o'clock, A. M. le ftood to the eaft, with a moderate breeze, and at jght faw the land extending from E. by N. to N. E. kN. At noon, by obfervation, we were in latitude N dfg. «5 min. 30 fee. and in 38 deg. 18 min. W. (jngitudc. The land was now about eight leagues dilhnt. It proved to be an ifland, and wc called it Willis Idand, from the name of the perfon who firft ifcovcrcd it from the mad-head. It is a high rock rfno great extent. Wc bore up to it with a view of oploring the northern coaft ; and as we advanced per- ccivcii another ifle to the north, between that and the Inain. Obfcrving a clear paflitge between both we bcrcd for the fame, and in the midway found it to be nro miles broad. Willis's ifle is in the latitude of 54 ig. S. and in 38 deg. 23 min. W. longitude. The other, which was named Bird Ifland, a number of ib«l) bein)r feen upon the coaft, is not fo high, but more extenlive ; and is near the N. E. point of the win Uiid, which Capt. Cook named Cape North. Wcfaw fcveral maifcs of fnow, or ice, in the bottoms of fome bays on the S. E. coaft of this land, particu- hrly in one which lie; about three leagues to the S. S. E. of Bird Ifle. On Monday, the i6th, having got through the pafTage, we obfervcd the north coaft trended EbyN. for abjut three leagues, and then E. and E. by S. 10 Cjpe Bullcr, which is eleven miles. We nngcd the coaft till near night, at one league diftancc, ih(non founding we found Hfty fathoms, and a muddy bottom. On the 17th, st two o'clock, A. M. we made for the land. We nc ■ "^cercd along ftiorc till Icvcn, when, feeing the appeatancc of an inlet, we biulcd in for it. The captain accompanied by Mr. Forftcr, and others went off in a boat, to reconnoitre the bay before we ventured in with the (bip. They landed in three different places, difplaycd our colourji. and took poirclTion of the country in his majcfty's name. The head of the bay was terminated by ice- clilfs of confiderable height 1 pieces of which were continually breaking oft', whicH made a noife like a cannon. Nor were the interior parts of the country Iffs horrible. The favagc rocks raifcd their lofty fum- niiis till loft in the clouds, and valleys were covered *iih fccmingly perpetual fnow. Not a tree, nor a fhrub of any (lie were to be feen. The only (ignsofvcge. lation were a ftrong bladed grafs, growing in tufts, wild btirnet, and a plant tike mofs, ^en on the rocks. Sta-bcars, or fcals, were numerous s the (bores fwarmed «ith young cubs. Here were alfo the targeft pen- guins wc had yet feen. Some we brought aboard wighul above thirty pounds. Wc found the fame lwlo«U ti At the l.;\ ifland I alio diycr»» the new white birds, and fmall ones, rcfembling thofc at the Cape of Good Hope, called ycHow birds, which, hav- ing ftiot two, we found moft delicious morfcls. Wc faw no other land birds than a few fmall larks, nor did we meet with any quadrupeds. The rocks bordering on the fea were not covered with fnow like the inland parts; and they fcemed to contain iron ore. When the party returned aboard, they brought with them a quan- tity of feals and penguins. Not that we wanted provi- fions ; but any kind of frefh meat was acceptable to the crewj and even Capt. Cook acknowledged, that he was now, for the firft time, heartily tired of fait diet of every kind ; and that though the flcfti of pen- guinscouldfcarcely be compared to bullocks liver, yet its being frelh was fufhcicnt to make it palatable. The captain named the bay he had furvcyed, PofTefTion Bay j though according to his account of n, we think it to be no defirable appendage to his majcfty's new pof- feffions. It lies in latitude 54 deg. 5 min. S. and in 37 deg. 18 min. W. eleven leagues to the eaft of Cape North. To the weft of Poircflion Bay, and between that and Cape Buller, lies the Bay of Iltcs, fo called from the number of fmall iflcs lying before and in it. On Tuefday, the 17th, we made fail to the eaft, along the coaft; the diredlion of which from Cape Buller, is 71 deg. 30 min. E. for the fpace of twelve leagues, to a projedling point, which was named Cape Saunders. Beyond this is a pretty large bay, which obtained the name of Cumberland Bay. At the bot- tom of this, as alfo in fome other fmallcr ones, were vaft tracks of frozen ice. or fnow, not yet broken loofe. Being now juft part Cumberland Bay, we hauled off the coaft, from whence we were diftant about four miles. On the 1 8th, at noon, by obfervation, we were in lati- tude 54 deg. 30 min. S. and about three leagues from the coaft, which ftretched from N. 59 deg. W. to S. 1 1 deg. W. In this direction the land was an ifle, which feemed to be the extremity of the coaft to the eaft. At this time the ne^reft land was a projedling point, terminating in a round hillock, which, on ac- count of the day was called Cape Charlotte; on the weft fide of which lies a bay, anc! it was named Royal Bay ; and the weft point we called Cape George. This is the eaft point of Cumberland Bay. in the direction of S. E. by E. from Cape Saunders, diftant fcven leagues. The Capes Charlotte and George lie in the direction of fouth 37 deg. E. and north 37 deg. W. fix leagues diftant from each other. The ifle above mentioned was named Cooper's, after our firft lieu- tenant. It is in the diredlion of S. by E. and eight .. leagues from Cape Charlotte. The coaft between them forms a large bay, which we named Sandwich Bay. On the 19th, at fun-rife new land was difcovered, which bore S. E. half E. At the firft fight it had the, appearance of a fingic hill, in the form of a fugar-loaf; but foon after, other detached parts were vifibic above the horizon near the hill. Wc obfervcd at noon in latitude 54 deg. 42 min. 30 fee. S. A lurking rock, that lies oft Sandwich Bay, five miles from the land, bore W. half N. diftant one mile. In the afternoon we had a view of a ridge of mountains, behind Sandwich Bay, whofe icy tops were elevated high above the clouds. At fix o'clock. Cape Charlotte bore north 31 deg. W. and Cooper's Ifland W. S. W. On Friday the 20th, at two o'clock, A. M. wc made fail to the S. W, round Cooper's Iflind, which is one rock coniiderably high, obout five miles in circuit, and one diftant from the main. Here the main coaft takes a S. W. diredion for five leagues to a point, which we called Cape Difappointment, off" of which arc three fmall iflcs. The moft fouthcrn one is a league from the Cupe, green, low, and flat. From the point, as we continued our courfc S. W. land was feen to open in the diredlion of north 60 deg. W. diftant beyond it nine leagues. It proved to be an ifle, and was named Pickerfgill Ifland. A point of what we had hitherto fuppoied to be the main, beyond this ifland, foon after came in fight in the diredlion of north 55 deg. W. which united the coaft at the very point I < f r- ^1 ,\ » .I'i 'it t- 'Xi\ r. j|.fii '•ii! :•:.■■' 'T^^PTf^ i8S Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. m'*'' we had feen, and taken the bearing of, the day wc firft came in with it, and left us not a finele doubt, that this land which we had taken for part of a great con- tinent, was no more than an idand, 210 miles in cir- cuit. We thought it very extraordinary, that an ifland between the latitude of 54 and 55 degrees, Ihould, in the very height offummer, be a 1 molt wholly covered idth frozen Ihow, in fomc places many fathoms deep; but more efpecially thc,S. W. coaft. Nay, the very fides of the lofty mountairis, were cafed with icc; but the quantity of ice and fnow that lay in the valleys is incredible, and the bottoms of the bays were bounded by walls of ice of a conliderable height. We are of opinion, th.it a great deal of the ice formed here. in winter, is broken off in fpring, and Hoats into the fea: but we quell ion, whether a ten thoufandth part of what we faw is produced in this illand ; from whence wc are led to conclude, that the land we had feen the day before might belong to a more extenlive track; and we ftill had hopes of tlifcovcring a continent. As to our prcftiit difappointinent, we were not much atfetlcd thereby; for, were wc to judge of the whole by this fainple, whatever its extent might be, it would be an acquilicicii fcarcely worth notice. This inhofpitable, and dreary land, lies between the latitudes of 53 deg. 57 min. and 54 dcg 57 inin. S. and between 38 dcg. ij min. and {5 cleg, jj min. W. longitude. Wc named this the Iflc ol Georgia, m honour ef his Ma- jefty. It extends S. E. by li. and N. W, by W. and is 93 miles long, and about 10 broad. The N. E. coaft appears to have a number of bays, but the icc muft prtveiit accefs to (htm the greatell part of the year; and at any nine they will be dangerous harbours, on account of the continu.d breaking away of the ice cliffs. We are inclined to think, that the interior parts, on account o( their elevation, never enjoy heat enough to nick the fnow in fuch quantities as to produce a river; nor did we find even a Dream of frelh water on the whole cold i and the N. E. lide of this, only receives fuiricicnt vvarmih to melt the fnow. We now quitted this colli, and diredkd our courfe to the E. S. E. for the land we had feen the preceding day. A llrong gale overtook us, and wc thought ourfelves very fort, nate in having got clear of the land before this ca! on. *" On the 21ft, the florm was fuccecded by a thIrJ fog, attended with rain ; but having got a fouthfHl breeze, wc ftood to the eaft till three in the aftemoo and then (leered north in fearch of the land. Oiuh! 22d. we had thick foggy weather; but in the even!™ it was fo cle.ir that we could fee two leagues rou US; and thinking wc might be to the call of the la" we fleered weft. " On the 23d, a thick fog at fix o'clock, A. M. ond more compelled us to haul the wind to the foutli. hj at eleven, we were favoured with a view of three or fJ rocky illots, extending from S. E. to E. N. E. about J league diftant; and this, being the extent of ourhorizo might be the rcafon why we did not Ice the fupr lo- peak before mentioned. We were well alFuicd ih1 was the land we had I'ecn belbre, and which wc U now circumnavigated ; confifting of only a few dd tachcd rocks, the receptacles for birds. They areiitu ated in latitude 55 dcg. S. 12 leagues from Coowrl I(le. and wc named them Clerk's Rocks, Mr. Clerk oj of our lieutenant>, having firft difcovered them. Thl interval of clear weather was fuccecded by as thiclii fog as ever, on which we flood to the north. Thu wc were continually involved in thick mifls, andihi fhags with frequent foundings were our bed nilotl but on the 2:;d wc flood a few miLs to the nortj when we got clear of rocks, out of foundings, and (A not any fhags. On the 24th, we faw the rt)cks bearing S. S. W.hu W. diftant four miles, but we did not ftill fee the fiicj] loaf peak. At four o'clock, P. M. judging ourfdvcsi be three or four leagues E. and W. of them, wc fteerci fouth, being quite tired with crUi ' ng in thick fo -s, od to have a light of a few llraggling rocks. Haviiii 1 intervals, a clear Iky to the well, at (even o'clock wc |jl the iflc of Georgia, bearing W. N. W. diflant eiirt leagues : at eight wc ftecred S. E. by S. and at ten i E. Dy E. CHAP. IX. Tihc Rf/jlu/m continufS hfr mirfe—Nnvlatid and Saunders Jjles difcmrred — Conjenures, and fame rcafons thai thmtmlX land ,il'oul the Smlb Pole — Thr Refululion allers ber courfe foulb to ibe eaji — Endeavours to find Cape CircHmciJkn—\li~ \ Jerzilions on nhal Jhe had done in the voyage — Proceedings till her arrival at ibe Cape of Good Hope Sails fortbi ijA of' Ftixal — And returns 10 England — Capt. Furneaux's narrative, from the lime the Adventure was feparaieJ fnmi ihe\ Rifolulion, to ber arrival in England, including ibe report of Lieut, liuriiey, concerning ibe untimely death of the leal'!- crevu zfbo were murdered hy fome of ibe natives qf^ieen Charlotte's Smnd, in New Zealand, ON Wcdnefday the 25th, we ftecred E. S. F. Wc had a frefli gileat N. N. E. but the weather ftill continued foggy, till towards the evening, at which time it cleared up. On the 26th, we held on our courfe with a fine gale from the N. N. W. but at d.iy-light, feeing no land to the eaft, and being in latitude 56 deg. 33 min. S. and in 31 dcg. lO min. W. longitude, we ilcered fouth. On the 27th, at noon, wc were in the latitude of 59 dcg. 46 min. S. and had fo thick a fog that wc could «ot fee a fliip's length. Wc expected (bon to full in with the ice, and on tnis account, it being no longer fafe to fail before the wind, we hauled to the call with a gentle gile at N. N. E. When the fog cleared away, wc relumed our courfe to the fouth ; but it returned again, which obliged us to haul upon a wind. By our reckoning we were now in the latitude of 60 dcg. S. and unlefs we difcovered fomc certain figns of loon falling in with land, the Captain dctcr- iiiined to make this the limit of his voyage to the fouth. Indeed it would not have been prudent to have Tquandcred away time in proceeding fa: (her to the fouth, when there was a great j)robability of finding a large track nf land near Cape Circumcifiion. Befidea it was an irkfoine talk to traverfe in high Ibuthcrn lati- tudes, where nothing was to be difcovered but ice. . this time a long hollow fwell from the wefl, indicaiei that no land was to be expedled in fuch a dircH^oiii iiv upon the whole, wc may venture to affert, ihatthtt* tenlive coaft laid down by Mr. Dalrymple, and hi Gulph of St. Sebaftian, do not exill. 1 he log havinj receded from us a little, at feven o'clock in thcevcnini we faw an ice-ifiand, penguins, and fnow petereii 11 the night, being vifitcd with a return of the hg, t\ were obliged to go over again that fpatc whith «j had, in fomc degree, made ourfelves acijunintd will in the day. On the a 8th, at eight o'clock, A. M. wc flood tl the eaft, with a gentle breeze at north. The ««iM cleared away, and we perceived the fca fliewcd witj large and finall bodies of ice. Some whales, penguin fiiow pctcrelt, and other birds were fan. We hal now lun-fliine, but the air was cold. At noon, byob| fervatiun, wc were in 60 deg. 4 min. S. and in 29 dd »3 min. W. longitude. At half pall two o'clotl having continued our courfe to the call, wc luddtnlj fell in with a vaft number of large icc-iHands, and | fea ftrcwed with loofc icc, and the weather bccomii^ Jiazy, made it dangeroiM to ftmd in tmoiii; then Wl Ml , i > cook's SECON D VOYAGE— for making Dt/coverus in the Soutb Seat & Round the JVorld. 1 89 • 111 |L'cth<:retore tacked^ and ftood back to the well, with /«ind at north. We were now furroundcd with ice- ds, all nearly of an equal height, with a flat level jice'j but of various extent. The loofc ice, with Uich the fea appeared ftrcwcd, had broke Irom thcfe On Sunday the 19th, having; \ttle wind, we were liijcd to travcrfe in fuch courfes, as were tnoll likely Qfry us clear of them, fo that we hardly made any laMrds, one way or other, throughout the whole day. K woi'ther was fair, but remarkably gloomy, and we Le vifitcd by penguins and whales ill alxindance. On the 30th, we tacked and (lood to the N. E. and ij^ft thiuughout the day it was foggy, with either fleet Lfno*. At noon «c were in latitude 59 dcg. 30 min. liwd in 19 dig. 14 min. W. At two o'clock, paflcd L( of the Lirgeft ice.itlands we had feen during our mnft; »nd fome time after two fmaller ones. We loir ftood to N . E. over a fea ftrewed with ice. On the i,K we dit'covercd land a-head, diflant about one We hauled the wind to the north; but not be- l&: ILirableto weather it, weuckedin 175 fathoms water, Iilnnc If""' ^^^ i\\iflands has not been fully invefti* ^.itcd, we will here otter a few hints and obfervation* refpcding them. We do not think, as fome others do, that they are formed by the water M the mouths of gneu cataradh or large rivers, which, when irccumulucdf break off, owing to their ponderous weight ; becauft we never fou(id any of the ice, which wc took up^ hi 3« t^ H-t tm "11 f r^ ! !■ \..\i "iilf;:! ^ ■ ' WW I 1 I ^•t., „.. ^ ^.j;g'P,1lil it| ! < I lite ?;*■■ 'l 'I it 'I t1 S-- igo Capt. COO K'« V O V A G>Ei S C O MV t & TE/ -ia'.i.,,, COOK'S SEO '-• ■«*—■- ■ ■ ■ the leaft incorporated, or conn»5led with carthj *h}th muft ncceflanly adhere tdiii were this conjeAurc true. Fiirthcrmore, mc ai'e not certatn'whethcr there arc any rivers in thcfc countries, as'WctaW nelHlcr fivw's ■nor ftrcams of ' frelVi water there. The-ice-lftirMfs', at leaft in thofe parts, rffuft Informed frtgain ftretched to the fouth, in oiider th)M we might . rigain fall in with the land, if it took an caft'Hirecliort.' I Oi\ Monday the 6th, wc held on our courrt till tTit »7tH at nobn, when we fouiid our latitude to be" 5 8 deg. -1$ min. S. and longitude !i deg. 34. min. W. and ndt ftcmg any figns of land, wc concluded, that what Hid been denominated Sandwich Land, was cither a group of tlknds, or a point of the continent : tor in Ca[it. •Cook's opinion, the ice that is fprcad cver'this now fiippofc there is a Southc n C'cr.iinent within the polar rtrcle. The quellirtn which I c:e- ctdlly, as their behaviour merited every indulgence; Uh neither ofticers nor men ever once repined at any hardlhip, nor cxprcft'cd a^y unealincfs, or additional »i ftaf of danger, ort account of ouj* feporation from ti Adventure. It'wfis now high time to thjnlt 1 retiirning home; and could we have continued Ion J i*cfliould 'havi> Been in gncat danget- of thefcunj bre*»king out nmowf^iusi «i*»d vtdo not know anymd purpofc farther difcoveries would have an!wcrtd-J t1ictefo>-c fteertd for the Capir of Oood'Hope, iniendiij to look for Bouvct's difroveny. Cape (jrcumcirion aii the iflfs t)f llcnia and Mai'ftvcen; But btlorc ut'cu tinue the* narrative of rtiis voyage, it may not L thought. ii«pr^per 10! 'eoliccl a few 'obfcivattons froJ ourmttft'Vnrfflent'wVittrs, on Toria Magdlanica^ p,J Sonml pan of whifb toaft lies within- the. Jlraitj tl! Ifland of Terra del Furgo, and Falkland's liland!.' " fcrra IVfiigellanica rcccivcdits name from I'crdinaJ Magellan', a Portuguefe otKcer ; who likewifc gave nan to thofe (iMiehta which lead front the fouth to t|j h'ohh fea, he TIeing the tirft wJio failed through thci The ajjpellatiorwf l*nt»gonla was derived from a prid einal tribe of its inhabitants^ called Patagons, ji vmole country, whieh goes under the name of PaiJ (»onift, cxrrniU from ChtR and Paraguay totheutmol ettrertiiry of Soiiih Amertcfti that-is,ifrom35 alinofti •j'4 dc<»rce«"Af ti;»irth laitifiide, « being 700 miJej lom land joohroad wMrciwideft. . The northern psrft cob tain an alirttift inexhaulliblc ftock of large timber, I in thefoiithern diftricts there is fiarcely a tree to fcen fit for any mechanical purpofe. The lofty mouJ tains.^CBlled the- Andes, traverfcthe w hole country iroij 4\^nh to fouth: ; 'H^c Hre'incrcdible numbers of wild horned cittl 'and. ht»i>fes, wfcich were fintt bnaught hither by.tlj $ff)ani.irds,>and'4rave Incrdalcd amazingly ; the pjduraj alio ta fiood. So«m- writers tell us that frclli witcr] fcarce^; hut were tliat.ihciafe,. «/e cannot fee how t ■prefcnt inhabitants, and fuch multmidcsi ot cattle co fuhfift. 'I'heeafl coaft is chicHy low-land, withfeworr good harbours ; that caklddSt.. Julian is one of (he bclj The inKaltitants of PatagoaM confift of fcvcril Iij dian tribes, as the Pat.igons, Pampas, CofTares, kq Tliey are a '("avagc, barbarous people, of a copp cofour; tike the rcll of tlie .Xmcricang, mih cxwrfc blicl hnlr.'Ond no bebrds.; I'he^ arentigibtily a4t]icicd iJ paildifs. > They go irimo rigorous and tcmpcnupus ascitis rcprcVen^cd lAnfon's Voyage. Upon, the lojuec grounds ana jlinds, that were (licltercd by the high mountains,, fc- wil forts of trees and planu, and a variety of birds, •^ lound. Among the trees was Winter's bark- Kt, and a fpecies ot atbulus, loaded with red fruit ^['hc lize of fmall cherries, which were very well ijtit. In fomc places there is alfo plenty of celery. jnong the birds was a fpccies of duck of the fizc ofj ipoft, which ran along the fca with amazing velocity, kt]i:n); the water with its wi',^s and feet : it had a grey ilnina(;c, with a yellow bill and feet, and a few white will feathers : at the Falkland Ifland-s it i:> called a tog- phad duck. Among the birds are alfo plenty of «fe and falcons. The rocks of fomc of the iflands jtcovcred with large mufclc-fhclls, the firti of which ibid to be more delicate than oy fieri. FalkLind's Iflands Were firfi difcovcrpd 11^,1594. by Sr Richard tlawkitts, who tiat^ied .the prin(;ipal of iicm Hawkins' Maidenlajad, in honqur of qq^tqlt £li- ab:th. The pre/<:nt natnc Falkland **»» pwbably (:i;n them by Capt.. Strong, in 1689, and aitcrwards nioptd by I la Hey. The late lord Kgmont, fird lord of the Admiralty i r.fi^, thtn revived the fchcmc of a fettlement in iIk South Scat ; and commodore Byron wa« fent tq skf polRiTion of Falkland's iflands in the nannc of hif Briunnic inajcffy, and in his journal rcprcfents theni) Bi valuable acqiiilition. On the other hand, they arc itprefented by Capt. M'Bride, whq in, 1 7(56 fucceedcd (hit gentleman, as the outcafls of nature: *< We IniDil (fays he) a ipnp of iflands and broken lands, of ihich the foil was notjiing but a bog, with np better ffofped than that of barren mountains, beaten hy lormsalmoll perpetual. Vet this is fummer; and if ihc winds of winter hold their natural pro{x>rtion, thofe iho lie but two cables length from the Hiorc, mud pafs Kcks without any cpmiiviuicaciqn with it." The^ hcibs and vegetables whic$ were planted by Mr. By-; tpn's people i and the fir-trec, a native of rugged and (oldilimates, had withered. In the fummer-months, •iklccleri and fgrrcl arq the natural lu)(urie* of thefe^ iHands. (Soars, 'dicep, and hogi that were,, car; rd, hiihcr, were found to incr^afe and thrive as in other; places. Gcefc of a fiflw talle, fnlpes, p^'nguini. foxes,, ind fca lions, arc alfo found here, and, plenty of good water. ,, ^ " ' Though tl^e foil he barren, and the ,(n tempeftuous» in En|rli(li fettlement was tflfde hcre^pf which wc were jilifpolltlTcd by' the Spawafd* in i77(^. That violence; was, however, difavowed by the .Spanifli ambaiTador, and fomc concclTions were made to the court of Great Britain; but in order to avoid giving umbrage to the court of Spain, the fettlement was afterw rds aban. doned. On Tuefday, the -th, we refymed our col fe to the cafl, and this day only three icc-idands were ft n. At eight o'clock in the evening, wc hauled the wind to the S. E, for the night. On the 8th, at day-light, wc continued our courfc to the caft, being in latitude c,i dcg. ]o min. S. and in 15 dcg. 14 min. W. longitude. , In the afternoon palTcd three ice iflands. On the gth^ I we had^ calm moll part of the day ; the weather fair, ; except at times a fnow fhowcr. We faw feveral ice iflands, but not the leafl intimation that could induce us to think that any land was near us. We flood now to N. E. with a breeze which fprung up at S. E. On the loth wc had fliowers of fleet and fnow j the wea- ther wis piercing cold, infomuch that the water on deck was frozen. The ice-iflands were continually in fight. On the I ith, wc continued to fleer cafl. In the morn- ing wc hail heavy fhowers of fnow ; but as the day' advanced, we had clear and ferenc weather. At noon wc wej-e in Fatitude 58 dcg. 1 1 min. and in 7 dcg. 55 1 mio. W, longitude. On the 12th, wc had ice iflands continually in fight, but mofl of them were fmall and breaking to pieces. On Monday, the 13th, wc had a heavy fall of fnow ; but, the fky clearing up, w c had a fair night,' and fo fharp a froft, that the water in r.ll our vcffcls on deck, was next morning covered with a (hcct of ice. On the 14th, we continued to fleer cift, inclining 10 the north, and in the afternoon crofTed the firll meridian, or that of Greenwich, in the latitude of 57 dcg. 50 min. S. At eight o'clock wc had a hard gale, at S. S. W. and a high fca from the fame quar- ter. On the 15th, wc fleered E. N. E. till noon, when by obfervation, we were in latitude 56 dcg. 37 min. S. artd in 4 dcg. 1 1 min. E. longitude. Wc now failed N. E. with a view of getting into the latitude of Cape Circumcifion. Wc had fomc large ice iflands in fight, and the air was nearly as cold as the preceding day. The night was foggy, with fnow fliowers, and a fmart froH. On Thurfday, the 16th, we continued our courfc N. E. and at noon we obicrved in latitude 55 dcg. 26 min. S. and in 5 dcg. 52 min. E. longitude, in which fiiuation wc had a great fwcll from the fouth, but no ice in fight. At one o'clock we flood to S. E. till fix, when wc tacked, and (loud to the north. Ac this time wc had a heavy fall of fnow and fleet, which fjxed to the m^lls and rigging as it, fell, and coated the whole with ice. On the 17th, wc had a great high fea from the (outh, from whence wc concluded no land was near in that direction. At this time were in lati- tude 54 dcg. 20 min. S. and in 6 deg. 3,3 min. E. lon- gitude. On the 1 8th, the weather was f>.ir and clear. Wc now l(4^;pt a lv (bowers. On Monday, the 20th, wc tacked and rtietchcd to N. E. and had a frelh gale attended with fnow (howcrj and fleet. At noon we were in lati- iudc'54dc^. 8 min. S. longitude 12 dcg. 59 min. E. but bad 'im the leall fimi of land. On the 2 id, wc were j dcg. to the cad of the longitude in which Cape Qit^iimcilipn is fajd to lie, and continued our courfc «;a|J, iflclining a little to the fouth, till the 22nd, wlien, at iiopn,. by obfervation wc were in latitude 54 dcp. C4 mil), S. ai'd in 19 dcg. i 8 nun. E. longitude. Wc had t>o\y meaftared in the latitude l.iid down for Bou- yet's land, thirteen degrees of ioiigitudcj a courfc in ^hich it is nardly poiriblc wc could have mifTcd it ; we therefore began to doulit its cxidence ; and concluded, ■t^^t what the Frenchman had recn, could be nothing more i .'■'. iff m' ice-ifland. On Wediiefiiiy, the Hi ft of March, wc werc'in la- fitudc 4*1 deg. 44 iTiin. S. .ind in 1 ? deg. 36 min. W. lon^ituilc ; and wc tc '. notice, th.ii the whole tmie the *'inJ blew icj^ular and coitilant northerly, which in- cluded fevcral diy.i, the weather was a'uays cloudy and Very hazy ; but as foon as it came fouth of weft, it cleared up. We alfo obfervcd, that the liaromctcr be- pjn to rife fevcral days before this change happened. On the jd, in the aftermxin, wc had intervals of clear weather, but at night the wind blew a heavy fqusll friHii S. \V. whereby fever.il of our tails were fplit, and a middle Iby-fail was wholly loft. Our latitude was 4< deg. U min. S. longitude ^o deg. 50 min. E. On VVcdnelilay, the 8th, the thermometer rofe to 61 deg. and wc were obliged to put on lighter cloaths. We were now in latitude 41 deg. 30 min. S. longitude 26 de-g. 5 I min. E. Wc had not yet feen any ligns of land, but albitrofles, petercis, and other fca birds, were our daily vifitors. On the nth, the wind fliiltcd fuddenly from M. VV, to S. W. which occafioned the nu-rcury to fall as fuddenly from 62 to 51 deg. fo diffe- rent was the llatc of the air between a northerly and ibutheriy wind. Our latitude this day was 40 deg. 40 jnin S. longitude 23 deg. 47 min. E. On Sunday, the 1 :ih, fomc albatroifes and petercis were (hot, which proved an acceptable treat. This day we were nearly in the lituation, in which the iflcs of l).:nia and Marfcveen are faid to he, and not the leaft hi)pc of finding them remained. On the 13th, wc lltKxl to N. N. W. and at noon by obfcrvation, were In latitude 3H deg. 5 i min. S. which was above thirty miles more th in our log gave us ; to what this difl'c- rcncc was owing, we could not determine. The watch alfo (licwcd that we had been fct to the ejif. At this time we were two degrees north of the parallel in vhich the illcs arc laid down, but found not any en- couragement to prefevere in our endeavours to find them. ThiJ mull have confumed more time, we think, in a fruitlefs fearch ; and every one, all having been confined a long time to flalc and fait provilions, was im- patient to get into jwrt. We therefore, in compliance with the general wilh, refolved to make the bed of our way to the Cape of Gdod Hope. Wc were now in la- titude 38 deg. 38 min. S. and in S3 deg. 37 min. E. lonjjitudc. On I'hurfday, the i6th, at day kno*n by the people at large at home, whe- ther the Rorolution hid pcriined at fea, or was upon her return to Europe. During our day here feveral foreign (hips put in and went out, bound to and from India, namely, Englifli, French, Danes, and three Spanifli (hipj, frigates, two going to. and one returning from Manilla. We believe it is but lately, that fliips of this nation have touched hcret and thefe were the firft to whom were allowed the fame privileges as other Euro- pean dates. Wc now loft no time in putting all thing* in rcadinefs to complete our voyage 5 but we were obliged to unhang our rudder, and were alfo de- layed for waiir of caulkers 1 and it was abfolutely nc- cclTiiry to caulk the Ihip before wc put to fea. On Wednefday, the a6th of April, this work was finidied, ami having got on board a frefli fupply of proviflons, and all ncccfTary (lores, we took leave of the No. 13. governor, and his principal officers. On the 27th, wc went on board, and foon after, the wind coming fair, wc weighed, and put to fea. When under fail, we fa- luted the garrifon, as is cudomary, and they returned the compliment. When clear of the bay wc parted company with fome of the (hips who fiilcd out with us: the Danirti (hip (leered for the Eaft-Indics. the Spa- ni(h frigate, Juno, for Europe, and we and the Ducton Indiaman, for St. Helena. Depending on the goodnefs of Mr. Kendal's watch, we determined to attempt to make the ifland by a dircifl courfe. The wind, in ge- neral, blew faint all the palTagc, which made it longer than common. On Monday the 15th of M.iy, at day-break, we faw the ifland, didant fourteen leagues, and anchored at midnight, before the town, on the N. \V. lidc of the ifland. Governor Skettowc, and the gentlemen of" the ifland, treated us, while we continued here, with the greateft courtcfy. In our narrative of Capt. Cook'* tormer voyage, we have given a full defcriptKJn of this ifland i to which we fliaTl only add, that the inh.ibi- tants arc far from exercifing a wanton cruelty towards their flavcs. We are informed alfo, that wheel carri- ages, and porters knots have been in ufc among cricin for many years. Within thefe three years a new church has been t>uilt ; fome other new building.s.»rc trtdinj , a commodious landing-place for boats has been made, and other improvements, which add both flren<;th and beauty to the place. Here wc Hniflied lomc ncce(- fary repairs, which wc had not time to complete du- ring our (lay at the Cape. Our empty water calks were alfo filled, and the ftiip's company had fnlh beef, at five-pence per pound. This article of refrelliment is exceeding good, and the only one to be procured, worth mentioning. On the 2i(l, in the evening, we took leave of the governor, and then repaired on board. The Duiton Indiaman, in company with us, was ordered not to fall in with Afcenfion. for which we (leered, on account of an illicit trade, carried on be- tween the Company's fliips, and fome veflels from North America; who, of laie years, had vilitcd the ifland, on preieiKC of fiftiing, when their real defign was to wait the coming of the India fliips. The Dutton was therefore ordered to (leer N. W.by W.orN. W. till to the northward of Afcenfion. With this fliip wc were in company till the a4th, when we parted. A packet for the Admiralty was put on board, and (he continued her courfe N. W. On Sunday, the 28th, wc made the ifland of Afcenfion, and on the cvcning'an chored in Crofs Bay, on the N. W. flde. half a mile from the (hore, in ten fathoms water. The Crofs-hill fo called on account of a flag llalf credcd upon it in form of a crofs, boreS. 38 dcg. E. and the two extreme points of the bay extended from N. E. to S. W. Wc had feveral fifliing parties out every night, and got about twentv-fbur turtle weighing between four and five hundred weight each. This was our principal ob- jcdl, though we might have had a plentiful fupply of fifli in general. Wc'have no where feen old wives in fuch abundance ; alfo cavalies, conger eels, and various other forts. This ifland lies in the direftion N. W. and S, E. and is ten miles broad, and five or fix long. Its furface is very barren, and fcarcely produces a ftirub, plant or any kind of vcKCtation, in the fpace of many mi'Us • inftead of which we faw only ftones and fand, or rather flags and aflies : hence from the general appearance of the face of this ifland, it is more than probable, that at fome time, of which we have no account, it has been deflroyed by a volcano. We met with in our ex- curfions a (mooth even furface in the intervals between the heaps of flones ; but as one of our people obfcrvcd you may aseafily walk over broken glafs bottles as over the ftones ; for if you flip, or make a falfe ftep, you are furc to be cut or lamed. At the S. E. end of the iflc is a high mountain, which feems to have been left in its original ftate j for it is covered with a kind of white marl, producing putflain, fpurge, and one or two fona of gra(s. On thefe the goats kcd. which are to J r^' I -a 'm ^i^vlfi'M hi 1, ''* If !-v VJl ' lip m ■* li' k "94 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. i he found in thit part of the iflc. Here arc good land crabs, and the fca abounds with turtle from January lo June. They always come on Ihorc to lay their cggi in the night, when they are caught by turning them on their backs, in which pofition tliey are left on the beach . till the next morning when the turtle-catchers fetch them away. We are inclined to think, that the turtles come to this ifland merely for the purpofe of laying their eggs, as we found none but females ; nor had thofe we caught any food in their (lomachs. We faw alio near this place abundance of aquatic birds, fuch as tropic birds, men of war, boobies, &c. On the N. L, fide we found the remains of a wrec k ; ftie fecnad to have been a vclTcl of one hundred and fifty tons bur- then. We were informed, that there is a fine fl)ring in a valley between two hills, on the top ol the mountain above-mentioned ; bcfides great quantities of Irefli water in holes in the rocks. While the Rcfolution lay in the road, a floop bclonf^ na to New- York anchoied by her. She had been to the coafl of Guinea «ith a cargo of goods, and came here under a pretence to take in turtle ; but her real intention was, we believe, to trafiic with the olficeis ot our homeward bound Eall- Indiamen ; for flie had lain heu- near a week, ami had got on board twenty tuitl- ; whereas a lloop from Ber- muda, had faded but a tew days before, wiih unc hun- dred and five un board, whicb were as many as llie could take ni ; but having"; turned feveral more on dif- ferent beaches, they inhumanly ripped open their bel- lies, for the lake of the eggs, and left the carcafes to putrily. The centre ofthis illand of Afccnfion is fitua- ted in the latitude of 8 deg. S. and 14 deg. 28 min. jo fee. W. longitude. On Wedncfday, the 3 ill of May, we departed from the ifland of Alccnlion, and fleered, with a fipc gale at S. F. by I', for that < f Fcinando de Norhonha.oh the coall of Brafil, in order to determine its longitude. In our pafiagc for this place we h.id very good weather, and fine m')on-light nights, which atl'ordcd us many opportunities of making lunar obfervations. On the 9th of June we made the ifland, which had the ap- pearance of feveral detached hills 1 the largeft of which very much refemblcd the flecpic of a church. As we advanced, and drew near it, we found the fca broke in a violent furf on fomc funken rocks, which lay about a league from the ftiorc. We now hoificd Englifli co- lours, and bore up round ihe north end of the ifle, which isa group of little iHots; for we perceived plainly, that the land was tinconnedled, and divided by narrow channels. On one of thrfe, next the main, are fe- veral ftrong forts, rendered fo by the nature of their fituation, which is fuch as to command all the anchor- ing and landing-places about the ifiand. We continued to fail round the noithern point, till the fandy beaches, before which is the road for fiiipping, and the forts were open to the wefiward of the faid point. As the Rcfo- lution advanced, a gun was fired, «nd immediately the I'ortugucfe colours were difplaycd on all the forts ; but not intending to flop here, we f^red a gun to the Ice- ward, and flood away to the northward, with a frcfh breeze at K. S. F.. The hill, which appears like a church tower, bore S. 27 deg. W, five miles diflant i and from our prcfent point ofview it appeared to lean, or over-hang to the eafl. Fernando de Norhonha is in no part mure than fix leagues in extent, and exhibits an unequal furtnce, well doathcd with wood and herb- age. Its latitude is J deg. 53 min. S. and its longi- tude carried on by the watch, from St. Helena, is 3". deg. 34 mm. W. Don Antonio d'Ulloa, in hit ac- count ofthis ifland, fays, " that it hath two harbours, capable of receiving fliips of the grcateft burden; one is on the north fide, and the other on the N. W. The former i?, in every refped, the principal, both for flicker and capacioufncfs.and thegoodnefsofitsbottomt but both arccxpofed to the north and wefl, though thefe winds, particularly the north, are periodical, and of no long continuance. You anchor in the north har- bour (which Capt. Cook called a road) in thirteen fa- tlioms water, one third of a league from the Ihorc, bot- tom of fine fand; the peaked hills hearings W id foutherly." This road, or, (as Ulloa ternTs it) hX^l IS very fecure for fliipping. being Ihcltercd ^0^,^ fouth and caft winds. A mariner in our Oiin u ," been aboard a Dutch Eafl Indiaman, who, on ac of her crew being fickly, and in want of rcfreniml""* put into this ifie. By him we were informed, that th Pjitu^ucfe fupplied them with fomc buffaloes. ,1 that iiiey got their water behind one of the Ixach from a fmall pool, fcarccly big enough to dm"' bucket in. • P * On Sunday, the 11 th of June, at three o'clock P M in longitude 32 deg. 14 mm. wc crofled the line. \v' had fqually weather from the E. S. E. with Ihowcrsof rain, which continued, at times, till the nth, and the 3th the wind became variable. Atnoonwcwcrcm the latitude of 3 deg. 49 nun. N. and in 31 deg min. W. longitude. Wc had now for mod part of the day, dark, gloomy weather, till the eveningTji the 1 tb at which time we were 111 latitude 5 deg. 47 min'^' and in 31 deg. W. longitude. Alter tins wc hid three lucceflive calm days, in which we had fair»c,. theraiid rains alternately ; and fomctimes the Iky^j obfcured by dcnle cloutis, which broke in very ncavv Ihowers of rain. On ounday, the i8th, uc had 1 brctrze at call, which fixed at N. E. and wc flrcichcd to N. W. As we advanced to the north, the galem. creafcd. On Wedncfday, the 2ifl, Capt. Cooker dered the llill to be fct to work, with a view of maltiiij; the grcatell quantity (Xillible of frclh water, "io i,y this experiment, the Itiil was luted to tlie largcll cop- per we had, whuli held altout lixty-lour giiiohjofiali water. At four oVKkk, A. M. the tire was hgnttd and at fix the liill l^egan to run. The <'peratitii was continued till fix in the evening: ar whicli unc .(chad obtained thirty-two gallons of frclh water, and con- fumed one bulhd and a half of coals. At noon, the mercury ii; the thermometer was ei^jhty-ioui and 1 half, as high as it is generally found to rile ac in. Had it been lower moi c water would have been proi cured; for it is well krtown. that the colder the aim, the cooler the llill may be kept, whereby the rtcain»ili be condcnfcd fallcr. This invention, upon the whoit, is a ufeful one, but it would not be prudent lor * navi! gator to trufl wholly to it ; for though, wi:h picnt) of fuel, and good coppers, as much water may be ob- tained, as will be neccfiary to fupport life, yet the u:. moll cH'orts that can be employed in this work, will not procure a fulficicncy to lupport health, efpeciallym hot climates, where frclh water is mof I wanted ; and in the opinion ot Capt. Cook, founded on expcricnct, the belt judge of this matter, nothing can contribute more to the health of feamen than their having plenty of fwcet fielh water. On Sundiiy, the 2jth, wc were in latitude 16 deg. 12 min. N.and in 37 deg. Jo mm. W. longitude. Ob- ferving a fliip to windward, bearing down uponiii, »c fhortencd fail ; but, on her approaching, wc ioundby her colours fhc wjis Dutch ; wc therefore made lail again, and left her to purfue her courfe. On the :8th, we obfervcd in the latitude of 2 1 deg. 21 min. N. ion. gitude 40 deg. 6. min. W. and our courfe made (jood was N. by VV. On the 30th, a Ihip palFed us within hale, but fiie was prefently out of fight, and we judged her to be Englifli. Wc were now in the latitude ol 24 deg. 20 min. N. longitude 40 deg. 47. min. \V. In la- titude 29 deg. 30 mm. wc faw Ibmc fea-plants, com- monly called gulph-wecd, becaufe it is luppofcd to come from the gulph of Florida ; it may be fo, and yet it cenainly vegetates at fca. Wc continued tofct this plant in (mall pieces, till in the latitude of 36 dtg, N. beyond which parallel wc faw no more of it. On Wedncfday, the 5th of July, the wind veered to the caft ; and the next day it was a calm. On the 7ihand 8th wc had variable light airs; but on the 9th, the wind fixed at S. S. W. after which wc had a frclh gale, and llcercd firft N. E. and then E. N. E, our intention be- ing to make fomc of the Azores, or Wcftcrn Iflct. Oa Tuefday the nth, wc were in latitude 36 dtg. ^5 nun. I* cook's SECON D VOYAGE— for making Difioveries in the South Seas fie Round the IVorld. 1 95 ^ min. N _^^^^ andin36dcg. 45 min. W, longitude, when 'elfiiried a Tiil llccring to the wcrtj and on the uth, vccame in fight of three more. OnThurWay, the 13th, we made the iflcofFayal, •ndon the 14th, at day-break, we entered the bay of Dc Horta, and at eight o'clock anchored in twenty fa ipms «'"''• about half a mile from the (hore. Our . ,i^n in touching at this place, was to make obfct va- l,nj from whence might be determined with accu- ficv'the longitude of the Azores. We were direiflcd bv the mailer of the port, who came on board before Bjcaft anchor, to moor N. F.. and S. W. in this Ration, the S-W. point of the bay bore S. i6deg.W. and theN. E point, N. 33 de(». E. The church at the N. E. end of the town Si. 38 degrees W. the weft point of St. (;jort;c'j ill.ind N. 42 dcg. F,. diftant eight leagues s ,nd the iflc of Pico extending from N. 74 deg. E. re S if) Jcg. E. diftant five miles. In the bay we founi! [lie Pourvoycr, a large French frigate, an American (ioip, inii a brig belonging to Fayal. On the 14th, ,1,1 captain fcnt to the Englilhconful. and notiftcti our jrrivil to the governor, begging his permiftion to grant \lr. Wales an opportunity 10 make his obfervations on j),off. This was readily granted, and Mr. Dent, who ,;li(l >» conful, in the abfencc of Mr. Gathorne, not only procured this permiftion, but accommodated I i^r Wales with a convenient place in his garden, to fet uphisinltruinents, and in fcveral other particulars, this jtntlcman difcovercd a friendly readinefs 10 oblige us: pen his houl'c was always at our command, both night and J^^ ' "nd the entertainment we met with there was libcialaml holpitable. All the time we ftaid at this I p.icf, it"' C"'** "* *^"'' ^''P ""'*^ fiijiplicJ with plenty o( Ifi li '"^''' ^"'^ we purch:i(cil about fifty tons of fitcr, at llic ratcof .iSout three ftiiirnij,s per ton. To fiirc i.iDre boats is the moll general cutloiu here, though Ihipi ire allowed, if they preltr miny inconv' mcncies [0 1 triHmg cxpeiice, to aatrrwith thtirown bo.its. Fxlh pr .vilions may be f^ot, ami hogs, llicep, and Ippultty, for fca-ftock, at rcalbnabl:; rates. The flieep lift not only fiuall, they arc alfo very ooor; but the I hilloiks and hogs arc exceeding good. Here is plenty |of«inc to be had. Biiorc we proceed with our own obfervations, made Idiirm^ourahoiie at Fayal, it may be agreeable to our Irtadcts, to give them a brief account and defcription of I ill the A/ores, or Wcftern Iflands. Thefe nave by Iditttrfnt geographers, been variouily deemed parts of I America, Africa, and Europe, as they are alinoft in a Iccmral point : but wc apprehend they may with more IpTopticty be confidered as belonging to the latter. JTI'.tv i\( a group of iflands, fituated in the Atlantic Icican, between twenty. five and thirty-two degrees of |»u1 lonj^'iiuHc, and between thirty. fevcn and forty |niir!h latitude, nine hundred miles weft of Portugal. IjM ,h many eaft of Newfoundland. They are nine in jrumkr, vi/. St. Maria, St. Miguel, or St. Michael, JTtRcira, .St. George, Graciofa, Fayal, Pico, Florcs.and |Cor\i). Thcfc illands were firft difcovercd by fome Flemifti liliips in i4j9, and aticrwards by the Portuguefc in |i4(;, to whom they now belong. The two wcfter- jirioll Mcrc named Flores and L'orvo, fioin the abun-i Idantcof Ho«ers on the one, and crows on the '".her. iThiyarc all teiiile, and (ubjedl to a go\crnor-gcneral, |»ho rcfuKs at Angra in Terteira, w hich is alfo the feat lof the billiop, whofe dioeefe extends over ail the Azores. JThf income of the latter, which is paid in wheat, [jmounis to about two hundred pounds (lerling a year. lOn every llland there is a deputy -governor, who direiHs lihcplite, militia, and revenue; and ajuiz, or judge, lii at the head of the law department, from whon» lies janappcal toa higher couitatTertcua, and fiom thence liothc fupieinc court at Lilbon. The natives of thefe jillandsarc faid to be very litigiou.s. St. Miguel, the largeft, is one hundred miles in jcircuinfcrrnce, contains about twenty-nine thoufand linhabit?nts, and is very feitilc in wheat and flax. Its jchicf town is IVnta del Gado. This ifland was twice jnvaged by the Englifti jn the tinac ofquccn Elizabeth. Terceira, is reckoned the chief iftand, on account of its having the beft harbour j and its chief town, named .'Vngra, being the rcfiden of the governor-general and the biftiop. The town contains a cathedral, five other churches, eight convents, fivcral courts of offices, 6cc. and isdefenJed by two forts. The iftand of Pico, fo called from a mountain of vaft height, produces excellent wine, cedar, .nnd a valuable wood, called tcixos. On the foiith of the iftand is the principal harbour, called Villa das Lagens. The inhabitants of Florcs having been many years ago infedled with the venereal difeafe, by the crew of a Spanifti man of war, that was wrecked upon their coaft, the evil, it is faid, dill niaint.iins its grojnd there, none of the inhabitants being free from it, as in Peru, and fome parts of Siberia. Travellers relate, that no poifonous or venomous ani- mal is to be found in the A/ores, and that if carried thither, it will expire in a few hours. One tenth of all their produdions belong to the king, and the arti- cle of tobacco brings in a confiderabic linn. The wine, called Fayal wine, is chiefiy raifcd in the ifland of Pico, which lies oppolite to Fayal. Fiom eighteen to twenty thoufand pipcsof that wine are made there yc.irly. All of thefe iflands enjoy a lalubrious air, but are expofed to violent earthtiuakes. from w hich they have Irequently fuffcred. Villa de Horta, (he chief town in Fayal, like all the towns belonging to the Portuguefe, is crowded with religious buildings; there being no 'efs, in this little city, than three convents for men, .nnii two for women. Here are alfo eight churches, intludin^ thofc belonging to the convents, aiul that in the |efu its college. I'his ■ ollcge |sa noble llructure, and leatcd on an elev.ition, in the pleafanteft p:irt of the city. Since the expuHiort of that order it has been fullered to go to decay, md, in a lew years, by the all confuming hand of time, mav he reduced to a heap of ruins. The principal produce of Fayal is wheat and Indian corn, with which the inhabitants fupply Pico, which, in return, fends them wine, more than fullicicnt for their confumption, great quantities being annually ftiipped from De Horta, (for at Pico there is no road for Ihippin;,;) for America, whence it has obtained the name of Fayal wine. The Villa de Horta is fttuated in the bottom of a bay, clofc to the edge of the fea. It is defeiukd by two caftles, one at each end of the town, and a ftone work, extend- ing along the fea-lhoie, from the one to the other. Bui thefe works ferve more for fticw than defence; but it is a pity they Ihould he futfcrcd to run to decay ; feeing they heighten greatly the profpecl of the city, which is very beautiful from the roat! ; but, fetting alide the religious houfesand churches, we faw not another edi- fice, that h.is any thing, either within or without, to re- commend It. It is not the cuflom, in thefe parts, among the Portuguefe or Spaniards, to have glafs window:), hut in this town the churches, and a country-houfc, lately belonging to the Englith conful, have their win- dows glafeef: all others are latticed, which gave them in our eyes, the appearance of nrifons. Before this Villa, at the eaft end of the iftand, is the bay or road of Fayal, which faces the weft end of Pico. It is a fcmi-circle about two miles in diameter ; an:! its depth, orfeini-diamctcr, is three-fourths of a mile. The bot- tom is fandy,and the depth of water from fix to twent/ fathoms; but, near the Ihore, particularly at the S. W. head, the bottom is rocky ; as it alfo is without the line that conneds the two points of the bay ; on which account it is not fafe to anchor too far out. The bear- ings which v»c have laid down, when moored in this roadt are fufticient to dired any fieerfman to the bed ground. The winds to which this road lies moft ex- pofed arc thofc that blow from between the S. S. W. and S. £. but as you can always get to fea with the lat- ter, this is nor fo d.ingerous as the former ; and we were told, there is afmall cove round the S.W. point, called Porto Pierc, where fmall vcflcls arc heaved down, and wherein a ftiipmay lay tolerably fafc. Upon the whole, wi.. by no means think this road of Fayal a bad one. Wc were >! .ill ■ %m \\ '•rgl hi t;fi^-''':2 ,- ( if, >. I »,j ■I ! ' '^M i, Wh rM t fi ; '•?•' ?»<: I 3v ' .J .3 vfM II ;'!■ I f y r, ■ M ■ » I ill 196 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ri ^ r\ t .! ' J, '.'I were infornvrd, by a Portugucfe captain of the follow- ing particulars, which, if true, are not unworthy of notice. However, his account may be attended to by captains of fliips, though not entirely relied on. This Portugucfe told us, that in the diredlion of S. E. about half a league from the road, and in a line between that and the fouth fide ol Pico, lies a concealed funken rock, covered with '.tenty-two fathom water, and on which the fca bre' us from the fouth. He alfo gave us fo underhand, tnat of aM th*- llioals about thcfc ides that arc laid down in our charts, and pilot books, only one has any exigence, which lies between the idands of St. Mary and St. Michael, called Hormingan. He further informed us, that the diftancc between Fayal and the ifland of Flores, is forty-five leagues j and that there runsaftrong tide between Fayal and Pico,thc flood fctting to theN. E. and the ebb to the S.W. but out at fea. the direction is E. and W. By various obfcrvations, the true longitude of this bay wis found to be »8 deg. 39 min. 18 fee. and an half On 'Vednerday.rhe 19th, at four o'clock, A. M. we failed oiit of the bay, and ttesred for the weft end of St. George's iOand. Having palTcd this, we flia^wd our courfc E. half S. for the ifland of Tcrccira j and lifter a runoffourtcen Ic.igucs, wc found ourfclves not more than one league truni the well end. We now proceeded as cxpcdicioufly as the wind would permit, for England; and on .S-iturJay, the 29th, wc nude the land near Plymouth. On the following day, the 30th, we call anchor at .Spitlead, when Capt. Cook, in com- piny with MellVs. Wiles, Forliers, and Ilodgcs, landed at Portfmauth, and from thence fct out for London. 7 he whole timcol ourabfencc from Kngland was three years and eighteen d.iys j and, owing to the unbounded gooilnefs of an Almighty I'refcrver, who indulgently favoured our attempt, and fecondcd our endeavours, nnwithllanding the various changes of climates (and they wore as various as can be experienced) we loll only one inanby ficknefs, and three by other caufes. Even the (innle «.ircumllancc of keeping the (hip's, company in health, liv means of the gicatcll care- and atrcntion, will make this voyage remaikable, in the opinion of every humane perfon; and we trull the grand end of this expedition, and the pur()ofes for which we were fent into the fouthern hemifphcre, were diligently and fullicientlv purfued. The Kefolution made the circuit of the fouthern ocean, in a high latitude, and Capt. Cook traverfcd it in fuch a manner, as toleavc no r(X)m fora niere polllbility of there bemg a continent, unlcfs near the pole, and '.onfequently out of the reach of na- vigation. However, by having twice explored the tropical fca, the fituation of old difcovcries were de- termined, and a nunilicr of new ones made; fo that, we Hatter ourfclves, upon the whole, ihc intention of the voyat^c has, though not in every refpeifl, yet upon the whole, been fulficiently anfwercd ; and by having exploreJ In minutely the fouthern hemifphcre, a final end may, pi 1 haps, be put to fearching after a conti- i-nrit, in thit put of the globe, which has of late jears, aiul, mdeid, at times, for the two laft centu- ries, cngrolled the attention of fome of the maritime powers, and been a favourite theory among grogra- phcrs of all af^cs. The probability of there being a I ontinenr, or large track of land, near the Pole, has been already granted ; and wc may have feen part of it. The extreme cold, the numbcrtefs iflands, and liie v.ill floats of ice, give llrcngth to this conjecture, and all tend to prove, that there mull be main land to The fouth ; but, that this mull extend farthell to the north, oppoliie to the louthcrn Atlantic and Indian oceans, we have already alligncd fcveral rcafons t of which one is, the greater degree of cold in thefe fcas tiun in the fouihrrn Pacific Ocean, under the fame paralielf of atitude ; for in this laft ocean, the mercury in the rheiiiionictcr, fcldom (cli fo low as the freezing point, till V.I. were in latitude 60 deg. and up- wanls; whcrcis, in the other oceans, it fell as low in the l.ititude 0154 deg. the caufc whereof wc attributed to a greater quantity of ice, which extended farther iioah in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, than in the fouth Pacific Seaj and fuppofing the ice tobefiftl formed at, or near land, of which we arc fully f fuaded, it will be an undeniable confequcnce tLf^l'l land extends farther north. But what benefit can crue from lands thus fuuated, ftiould they be Hif'' I vcred? lands doomed to everlafting frigidnefs • i!i whofc horrible and favage afpeft no language or Lh can dcfcribc. Will any one venture farther in fears' after fuch a country, than our brave and (kilful co mander has done ? Let him proceed, and may the CM of univerfal nature be his guide. We heartily wilh K fucccfs, nor will wc envy him the honour of hisd"? covery. In behalf of ourfelvcs, the Editors who haw the honour of fubmitting to the judgment of the Bub lie, this New, and Complete Hillory of Captain Cook' Second Voyage, we mull not fay much, as bv thJ judgment we (land or fall : t' us mmh, however will venture to fay, that this narrative is not dcfcc • in point of intelligence, that the farts are true jna that the whole is cxprclfed in an eafy Uile, »hich 1, flatter ourfclves will n. be difpleafing to our numcroiu friends, whofe favours we here take thcoppottunitvofl gratefully acknow ledging. It has been obleivcd Ih, the principal offirers of the Refoluiion ticli\crcd'thcif journals into the cuftody of Captain Cook; and on hit arrival in England, Captain Furneaux alfo pm'mtohii hands a narrative of what happened in the Advcntuicl after her final fepaiation from the Kefolution. Bum is here necelFary to remark further, that Come officcn in both Hups, rcfcrvcd theii private journals, andccr' tain ingenious memorials.togratifythecuriofity of thcij fnends. From fuch materials thefe (hects arc comixj. fed ; nor have we had rccourfe to any printed authori. tics, but from the fole view of correcting errors in fome j places, and rendering this undertakinjr, a lull, comprc-l henfive, and perfccl work. This preinifcd, wc ihjjl f now lay before our re^ers.a complete narrative ofCipt. Furneaux's proceedings in the Adventure; to which »e (liall fubjoin the improvements that have been tmdc rcfpeding the means of prefcrving the health of our fcj! men, and particularly thofe that were ukd by Capt. I Cook in his voyages ; and to thcfc we fliall add, a ubie of the langiiagc of the natives of the Svio-| lent gale of wind, accompanied with heavy falli ofl fleet, which lafted two days; (b that by this time ourl decks began to leak, our beds and bedding were u(t,| which gave many of our people colds 1 nnii tiow wtl were moft of ui complaining, and all began toderptirj of ever getting into the found, or, which we had moftj at heart, of joining the Rcfolution. Wc combatcill the ftorm till Saturday, the 6th, when, being to thel north of the Cape, and having a hard gale from S.VV.I wc btfre away for fome bay, in order to conipltic ouij wood and water, of Iraih which articles Me wcreatprtJ fcntl ^^^ . ~ •■ - - - ' " '" I- ■ H I ■■■- f OOK's SECOND VOYAGE — for making ptjcbveries in the South Seat be R9und t\ie.lVor/J. 1 97^^ , in urcat want. For fomc days pad we had been 1^','hc allowance of one quart ot water, and it was ' . ( fix ir fevcn days more would deprive us even St fcaiity pittance. On Tucfday. the 9th, in iati- "(8 del?. 21 min. S. and in 178 dcg. :n mm. E. ISudc we came abrcaU of Tolaga bay, and in the fcrnoDn anchored in eleven fathoms water, ftif^", muddy „ 1 which hiy« acrofs the bay for about two miles. IC'rlw"^ is open from N, N. ii. to E. S. E. never- hiefs It affords good riding with a wclkrly wind ; Injhe'rc are regular foundings from five to twelve fa- "r Wood and water arc eafily procured, except Tn the winds blow hard eaftcrly, and then, at fuch '" winch are but feldom, they throw in a great f 'tIic natives about this bay are the fame as thole Oj^c" Charlotte's Sound, but more numerous, and five rcciil-»r plantations of fwect potatoes, and other L,, They have plenty of filh of all forts, which wc TrchM wi'h nails, beads, and other tr.fl-.s. In one Sfthiir canoes, we faw the head of a y/oman lying in L jjorned with feathers, and other ornaments. It y ill! thi; appearance of life, bur, upon a nearer view rtlwml It had been dried; yet, every feature was in tepaf^Tvaiion and pcrfeft. Wc judged it to have been the head of fome dcceafed relative, kept as a relic. It WIS at ai' ill>"d in this bay, where the Endeavour'* Koplcobfcrvcd the largeft canoe they met with during IiKir whole voyage. It was, according to account, no L than liviy-eight feet and a half long, five broad, lajihrcc Icct lix inches high : it h.'.d a Ibarp bottom, conliltin^; of three trunks of trees hollowed, ot which ijui 111 'the middle was longeft : the fuie |)!aiiks were liitv-nvo ftct long, in one piece, and were ornamented ,iih carvings, not unlike fill.agrec work, in fpirals (Ivcrv curious workmanlhip, the cxtreitiitics whcreo) Kfc clofcd with a figure that formed the head of ilk; nfc', in whuh were two monlhous eyes of mother ol porl, aiKla large Ihaped tongue i and, at it dtfcended, Bflili retained the figure of a monllcr, with hands and IrtarvcJ upon it very neatly, and painted red. It y jli" a high peaked rtcrn, wrought in fillagiee, and jdornul wul. feathers, from the top of which twolong Jrcancrs depended, made of the lame materials, which ilmoll reached the water. From this drfcription we might li ■ tempted to fuppofc, thefc canoes to be the Kllcli, and this to be the country, lying to the (buth, of (vhich Ouiros received intelligence a? Taumaio ; an,l «hcrc loabia faid they ate men, and had fuch Urgcllups as he could not defcnbc. On Friday, the i:th, having taken aboard ten tons of water, and fomcwocKi, wc fct fail for the Spurn' j but we were [circcly out when the wind began to blow dead h.jn'un ihiKwic. I'o that, not being able to clear the iarni, go cidur tack, wc were obliged to return to the bay, where icarnvtd the next morning, the ijthi and. living aiKh(;id,wc rude out a heavy galcot wind, at E. by, S. Ktc:i Icil with a very great lea. We now began to lesr ihcMcjth.cr had put it out of our i>ow«r wjomourconi- bii, havriig rc.ilon to believe (he \ias in CharU>tic Sound, the ap|omtod place of rendeivoui, and by this lime riacty tor fea, I'art ol the crew were now employed inftoppiiig leaks, and repairing our r/jjti'ng, which was ini mull Ih.ittcred condition. On the tjth and 1 5th, we hoifted out our boats, pud fcni thciii to incrrafc our Hock of wtK)d and water 1 Uit on the lall day the fuif role fo high, that they could not nuke the lami. On Tucfday, tnc 16th, having made ihc lliip ai liuig as poUiblc, wc unmoored at three ockk, A,.\l. and before lix got under way. From this time, to the twenty-eighth, wc had nothing but icinjHlhious weather, in which our rigging was almon blo»nto pieces, and our men quite wore down with fa- tigue. On Monday, the 29th, our water being nearly txpcmted, v\e were again reduced to the, fcanty allow- aiicciil a quart a man per diem. Wc continued beat- ing backward and forward till the^jgih, wlj^n the wea- ther became more moderate 1 and'having got a favour- tbJcwind, wc were fo happy at lalt as to gain with fafcty our dclircd port. After getting through Cook's Siiaits, wc tall anchor at three o'tioek, 1'. M. in No. 3 J, Queen Charlotte's Sound, Wc faw nothing of the Re- folution, and began to doubt her fafcty ;. bur, uppn having landed, we difcovered the place where flfie had pitched her tents ; arid, upon further examinittion, on- an o d Hump of a trco, wc read thefc words, cut our, " Lo,)k uiijcriicath." Wc complied inUantly with thefo inllruulions, anJ, digi^ing, foon found a bottle, corked and waxed down, wherein was a letter from Capt. Cook, informing us of their arrival at this place, on the third mllant, and their departure on the 24th, and that they intended fpending a. few, days in the entrance, of the Straits, ro look (or us. \yc immediately fbti about the neccllary repairs of the (liip, with !u»intemiork of getting her to fea as foon as poflible. On the ift ot December, the tents were carried on fliorc, the armour- er's forge put up. and every preparation made for the recovery of the lick. The coopers were difpatchcd oa (liore, to mend the talks, and we began tounrtow the hold to get at the bread ; but, upon opening the calks we found a gieat quantity ol it entirely fpoiled, and moll part fo damaged, that we were obliged to bake it over again, which unavoid.ihly delayed us fomc time. At intervals, during our flay here, the natives camcon board as ufual, with great familiarity. They generally brought filh, or whatever they had, to barter with us, and fecnud to behave w-iih great civility j though twice, in one night, they came to the tents, withan in- tention ol lUaling, but were difcovered before they had accoHipliflied tluir delign. A party alfo came down in the, night ot the 13th, and robbed the adronomcr'i tent of every thing they could carry away. This they did fo quietly, that they were not fo much as heard, or fufpctitcd, till the allronomer getting up to make an oblervaiion, iniired his inlUumcnts, and charged the centinel w iih the robbery. This brought on a pretty Icvcre altercation, during whith they fpied an Indian accping from the tent, at whom Mr. Bailey fired, and wounded him; ncverthclefs he made a fliift to retreat into the uootis. The report of the gun had alarme^ his cuiitedcrates, who, inllcad of putting off from the lliore, Hed into the woods, leaving their canoe, with moll of ific things that had been (lolcn, a-grownd on the beach. Tins \k ly larceny,, it ii probable, laid lhe-foui>-» dation of that dicadiul catadophte which ii^o afior happened, , ,, , . On Friday, the 1 7thv8t which %\me wc were preparing for our dc|iaf turc, WiC fent out our large cutter, manned with 7 fcamcn, under the command oJ Mr. JutnvRowie, the III II nuif, rtri(cgan (o exprcls great uiu.aiine(>, lliqy fat up all night, in expectation of their arrival, but to no {lurpofc, i\t day-break, ihftiefore, the Captain ordered ,5he launch to be hoillid oyt. Slvi was tioul^lcuunned, and under • the cmi|Uiiand of gurdccond lieaitcnant, Mr. BMrBsy, iiccompanied by Mr, F'rctii^iin, mailer, the corporal of marincs.wi'th fi\c priv.itcmen, »ll n ell armed, and hav- ing plenty dfaminunitigii, two Wjill pieces, and three dayi oiovilion. They we're ('irdeicd full to look into Kail Uoy.then to proceed to Grafs Cove, and, if nothing was to be fecn or h«v;d of the cutter there, they wcte •jgo lu.-hcr up M)e Cove, and return by the wi;l^,lbpre, Mr. Row iia;in^ left the lliip an hour ^jct^re the i;inic propQfed for his departure, vyc thought hit cpriolity might have earned him into Eaft Bay, noi^eof our peo- ple having ever been there, or that fomc .-ic(;ident might nave happened to thi bqat j for not the lead fufpicion was entertained. oCi|!Ac natives, ourbo.U3 having been higher up, and worle provided. Mr, Uurncy returned about elcyen o'c}o(?k tifc fame night, and gave us.a pointed defcriptiun pfi^mull horrible fccne i/idued I the fubiUnce, and every material particular of whofc report, arc contained in the lullowing relatim, which includes the remarki uf thofc who attci^dcd Mr. Bumey. I A. i!i; Pi ifJl »i-:-3l :|, I- If ? 'fifl 'i ': ': I mi^f i H: r:: :■:■ i I II : ;. h ■J,'. I r. ii !»: :| ;l ' tl 111 m I" i 1 i )1.' tg9 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. On Saturday, the i8ch, purfuant to our orders, we left the (hip, about nine o'clock in the morning. Hav- ing a li^t breezle in our favour, we foon got round Lmg Ifland and Long Point. We continued failing and rowing for Eafl Bay. keeping clofc in (hore, and examining with our glafTes every cove on the lar- board fide, till near two o'clock in the afternoon, at which time we ftopped at a beach on our left, going up Eail Bay, to drefs our dinner. While we were (booking we faw an Indian on the oppofite fliore, run- ning along a beach to the head of the bay 5 and when dur meat was juft done, we perceived a company of Ihe natives, feemingiy very bufy ; upon feeing which, we got immediately into the boat, put off, and rowed quickly to the place where the favaecs were aflcmbled, which was at the head of this reach ; and here, while approaching, we difcerned one of their fettlcments. As we drew near fome of the Indians came down upon the rocks, and waved for us to dcprt; but perceiving we difregarded them, they altered their geftures, and wild notes. At this place we obferved fix large canoes hauled upon the beach, mod of them being double ones ; but the number of people were in proportion neither to the fize of thefe canoes, nor the number of houfcs. Our little company, confiding of the cor- poral, and hit five marines, headed by Mr. Burney, now landed, leaving the boat's crew to guard it. Upon our approach the natives fled with great precipitation. We followed them clofcly to a little town, which wc found deferted ; but while w« were employed in fearch- ine their huts, the natives returned, making a (hew of reliAance; but fome trifling prefents being made to their chiefs, they were very loon apneafed. However, onc gc. Dcial meeting on the eaft fide of the Sound. We knew titude and longitude of Cape Circumcihon. When to the eaftward of Cape Horn, we found the winds came more from the north, and not fo ftrong and frequent from the weftward, as ufual, which brought on thick foggy weather ; fo that for (everal days together, we were not able to make an obfervation, the fun all the time not being vifibi,:. This weather laftcd above a month, in which time wc were among a great many iflands of ice, which kept us conftantly on the look out, for fear of runnin^^ foul of them. Our people now began to complain of colds and pains in their limbs, on account of which wc hauled to the northward, making the latitude of 54 (le<;. S. We then lleerrd to the eaft, with an intcntton of finding the land laid down by M. Bouvcr. As we advanced to the eaft, the nights began to lie dark, and the idands of ice became more numerous and dangerous. On the 3d of March, we were in the latitude of Bouvet'a dili:overy, and half a league to eaftward of it J but not perceiving the leaft lign of land, cither now, or fince we obtained this parallel, we gave over a further fearch after it, and hauled away to the north- ward. In our lall track to the fouthward, wc were within a few degrees of the longitude adigned for Bou- vet'a difcovery, and about three degrees to the fouth- ward ; if therefore there -(hould be any land thereabout, it muft be a very inconfidcrable ifland ; or, rather wc are inclined to think, a mere deception from the ice i for, in our firft fetting out, wc concluded wc had made difcoveries of land feveral times, which proved to be only high iflands of ice, at the back of large fields, which M. Bouvct might cafily millakc for land, efpc- cially as it was thick ioagy weather. On the 17th, in the latitude 48 deg. jo min. S. and in 14 dcg. 26 min. E. longitude, we faw two large iflands of ire. On the 1 8th, we made the land of the Cape of Good Hope, and on the 19th, anchored in Taole Bay. Here we found Cornmoilorc Sir Edward Hughei, with his majcfty's fliips Salilbiiry, and Sea Horfe. We faluted the garrifon with thirteen guns, and the commodore with an equal number; ^hclauer returned the full complement, and the former, as ufual, faluted us with two guns lefs. At this place Capt. Fuc- I neaux left » letter for Cnpt. Cook 1 «nd here wc re- mained ^1 "mmImH ) I'll K 1 1 in p II iflSBIi ' 1 If 200 Capv. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. maincd to refit the (hip, rcfreih the people, &c. &c. till the i6ih of April, «hcn we hoifted fail for Eng- land i and on the 1 4.th of Jiiiy, to the great joy of all oiir Tailors, anchored at Spithciul. From a review of the whole, our readers miift fee, how much this nation is i.idebted to that able cir- cumnavigator Captain Cook. If they only compare the courfe the Refolution ftcered, and the valuivble dif- coxxries flie made, with that purfued by the .Adventure, after (he parted compariy; the contrafl will be fuf- ficicntly ftriking. How meritorious alfo muft that perfon ap|iearin our judgment, who hath not only dif- covered, but furveyed vail tracks of new coalls ; who has difpclled the illufion of a terra auftralis incognit.n, and fixed the bounds of the habitable earth, as well as thofc ol the navigable ocean, in the fouthcrn hemif- phcre. No propofition was ever more clearly dc- monrtratcd, that there is no continent undifcovcred in the fouthern hcmilphere, l>et\veen the equator and the 50th dcg. of fouthcrn latitude, in which fpace all who have contended for its exillence have included, if not the whole, at leall the nioU confiderable part. But, at the f line time that wc declare ourfelvcs thus clearly convinced of the non-exilU-ncc of a continent within the limits juft mentioned, we cannot help .icknow ledging our ready belief, that the land our navigators have difcovered, to iheS. K. ofStaten Land, is part of a contin' lit, proiedling liom the north, in a narrcw neck, and expanding to the fouthward and wilhiard, in like manmr .is the South American C'ontinent takes its rileinthc l()uth, and miai^csas it advances north- ward, more particularly towards the tart. In this belief we are Ifrengihencd by the (trong reprefcntation of lan.i fecn nt a diftance by our navigators, in lati- tude 75 deg. and 252 deg. longitude, and by the le- purt of Theodore Gerrards, who, alter palling the llraights of Magcll.m, tning driven by ti mpells into the latitude of 64 deg. S. in that height came in fight of a mountainous country, covered with ("now, looking like Norway, and feeniingly extending from call to well. Tliele lailU, and the obfervntlons made by Capt. Cook, corrol orate each other ; and, though they do not reduce the qucllion to an abfolute certainty, yet the probability is greatly in favour of the fuppol'cd dil- covcry. I'o ctinclude thefe rrHcclions, ami to place the character of our judicious navigator in the moll llriking point of vie*', we need only add, as propofcd, an incontilUd atcount of the ineans, by which, under the divine favour, Capt. Cook, with a company of 1 1 8 men, performed a voyage of three years and cigh. teen days throughout ail the climates, from 5a dcg. N. to 7 1 deg. S. with the lofs only of one man by lickncfiii and tvtn this one began fo early to complain of a cough, and other confumptive fymptoms, which had never left him, that his lungs mull have been afled^lcd before he c.ime on board to gn the voyage. Did any, moll converlani in the bills of mortality, whether in the mod healihlul climate, and in the belt condition of li(r, ever find lo fmall a lill of deaths, among fuch a number of men within that fpacc? How agreeable then mud our furprize be, to find, by thcalliduiiy and unre- mitted exertions of a (ingle Ikilful navigator, the air ot the lia acquitted of all malignity, and that a voyage round the world has been undertaken with lefs danger, perhaps, to health, than a common tour in Kuropc! Surely diUinguilhed merit is here confpicuous, though praife and glory belong to GchI only ! n.-* x'. RiiF, for piefcrvingthc IIkaith ofStAMtN in long VovAc.ibi and the Means employed by Cait. COOK, to that Ent\, during his Vova(.e Round the Wok LO, in hi* SlAjitiTv's Ship the Rcsolv- TION. Before wc enter upotJ thii fubjcifl, which hmh for its objeOl the laving the lives of men, it will be necefliiry to fay foinething on that difoi-dcr to which fcamcn are pcruli.irly fubjectj and to conlider, how many have pcrilhcd by marine di'^.jfci, before any confiderable improvements were made in the means cither of th ■ prevention or cure. The fickneli mofl dcnrufl"" to mariners, and againft the dreadful attacks of .v| u| prcfervatives have been contrived, is the fcurvu tl ■ I .s not that diHempererroneounyfo called, .imonlrlan^f inen ; but belongs to a clafs of difeafes totally diffi. from it. So far is the common received opinion f'"" being true, which afhims, " there are few conftiturjo"* altogether free from a fcorbutic taint," that unl "r among failors, and others, circumflanced like th more particularly with refpedl to thofe who ufc a n' and putrid diet, and efpccially if they live in foul and unclcanlinefs, we arc inclined to think there "' few diforders lefs frequent. Nor do wc believe uh'h is another vulgar notion, that the fca-air is the ca f I of the fcurvy J fince, on board a fliip, cleanliiufs vent'l lation, and frcfh provilions would prefcrvcfromit a !) upon the fca-coalf, free from marlhcs, tlie inliabitanul arc not liable to that diforder, though frequently brcati I ing the air from the lea. We fliould, for thcic rcafn I rather afcribe the fcurvy to other caufcs ; and wc bl-* lieve it be a beginning corruption of the whole habit' fimilar to that of every animal fubltance when dcprivciil of life. This has been verified by the fyniptomj ml the fcorbutic iick, and by the appea^nces in th I bodies after death. With rcipcc^ to the piitnlvit quality of fea-falt, wc nuy remark, that filud meats I after fome time, become in lealitv putrid, t hough thc/T m:' y continue long palatable, by means of the fait ; and^ ^ common fait, 1 fuppofed to be one of the flronrnft ' pufervatives from corruption, i.s, at bed, but an iiidif. ' (eient one, even in a large quantity ; and in a (mall one' foliir from imjieding putrelailtion, it rather proniotci that (M-oceft ui the body. Some arc of opinion, thati the fcurvy is much owing to intenfe cold, whic ' checks perfpiration i and hence, (ay they, arilcs tht endemic diricmper rf the noiihcin nations, pmtituiaf ly of ihoft around the Baltic. 'J'hc facl is partly trur^ but wc are doubtful about ihccaufe. In thcfe countries' by reafon of long and fcvcic winters, the cattle, being' dcftitute o( pallurc, can barely live, and are th'ereforej unfit for ufe j fo that the people, lior their provifwq, during that feafon, arc obliged to kill tlum by thei end of autumn, and to fait them for above half thej year. This putrid diet then, on which they murtfolani fubfilt, feems to be the chief fourcc from whence ihtj difeafc originates. And ifwcconfider, that the lovieltj clafs of people in: the north, have (ifw or no grccmnor Irut, in wioror, little or no fermented liquors, and often] live in damp, Ibul, and ill-aired houfes, it iscafytocon. ceive, how they (hould become liable to the iaincdif.] order with feamcn 1 whereas, others, who live inashi a latitude, but in a diflercnt manner, are irtc from it.j Thus we arc informed by l.inna-us, that the (..ijilandcti arc unacquainted with fhe fcurvy j lor which no other] leafon can be nifigncd, than their never eatiiit; falteji meats, nor imWcd (alt with any thing, but their utingi all the frcOi flefh of their rein-deer. And this cxcmptioni of khe hyperborean nations from the general diltmiper of the north, is the more remarkable, as they lelJom tallc vegetablei, and bread never, ^ct in the \(ry\ provinces bordering on Lapland, where they u(e< bread, but fcarccly any vegetables, and eat falud mcatiJ they are as much troubled with the fcurvy as in any other country. But here wc may properly oblirvc.j that the late improvements in agriculture, gardcnmi,', and hulbandry, by extending their falubriotis intiucnce to the remotcft parts of Kurope, and to the lowed ciafij of people, begin fcn(ibly to lelfen the frequency ofthjtj complaint, even in thufc climates wherein it ha been moll brief and fatal. Again, it has been qlPerted, thai thofc who live on ll")re, ci landfmen, will bralltcli with the fcurvy, though they may have never bccntoi ftnciV to fait meats: but of this we have nut met uii any infbtnccs, except among fuch who have breathed msrihy air^- or what was otherwifc putrid -, oramoni (hole who wanted exercife, fiuits, and thccommoi vegetables! under which part-tcular clrcumnaniei * grant, that the humours will corrupt in the (smcim i «fi •'M ^ . fcOOK's SECOND VOYAGL — lor niaking Ui/cevtnts in llic ^outJi) i)taj ix. Kounu ilie JVorld. 201 thou«h not in the fame degree, with thole oi In the war, when Silinghurit Catllc in Kent, hlled with French prifoncn, the fcurvy broke out them, notwithltanilmg they had never been '^with failed victuals in England, but had daily llowancc ol :ic\\\ meat, and bread in proporiion, Jffh witf^jUt vegetables. And bclides the want ol f ncctiTary lupply oi greens, the wards were crowd- fnd fou'j ''^' houfc damp, by realon of a circuin- bicnt moat, and the bounds allotted lor taking the I ""were fo i'mall, and in wet weather lb fwainpilh. Kit the men leldom were dilpolcd to quit the huule. P jjftntation having been made ol thcle dehciencies, ■ |.„nlcquencc thereof the priloners were fupplied I iih toots and greens for boil mjj in their broth, the likk «ff quartered out in a dry lituation, where they lythc liberty of air and excrcilc ; and by thefc means ISey all qui'^'^'y recovered. We think it probable lihit the Icurvy fooner appeared among thefe Urangers, 1 their having been taken at lea, and therelbie, irom lihtir diet, they were more difpolird to the difeafc. 1^1, j, the nature and caufe of that Ikknefs moll de- llMitive to failors. . ■ , „ , Let us now take a trandcnt view of its dreadful ra- |n«sj and by a contiall between the old and prefciu liinlcJ, we Ihall fee, m.'re evidently, the importance lifld uluc ol the ineaiu propoled, and which have l[„i, moll luteclslully employed by Capt. Cook, for L prtvcntion and cure. In the hrll voyage tor the Idliblilhrncnt of the Lall-lndia Company, a Iquadron Ini titled out, and under the command of Lancalter L|K)w.isthen Uiled general) in the year 1601. Ihc ILpmcnt conliHed ot lour Ihips. widi four hundred \a f'S'^'y ""^'* °" ''"*'^- int'C of iho.e vell«:l» litre fo weakened by the Icurvy, when they had got Lly three degrees beyond the equinoxial line, tnat IdKimrchancs, who had embarked on this adventure, iKituljligcd to do duty as common failors. At lea, linlhore, and at SolJani.i, the then place of rclrelli- Ijitnt on thii lide the Cape of Good Hope, there died Lill, nearly a tourih part ol their complement, and JilutBilure ihey had proceeded half way to the place Lihcirckllination. Sir William Hawlnns, who lived Lifcatatjr, an intelligent and brave fea-olficcr, has left Lupon rcLord, " that in twenty years, during which he liaJurcd the lea, he could give an account oi ten ilum- liiiid iiwriiiers who had been coniumed by the Icurvy lilonc.' il then in the veiy infaiuy of the naval power Lbnglaml, fo many were dellroyed by that banc ol IhUring nan, whjt mull have been the havoi.k made jliKcitut e.iily dale, while our Hcet has been giadu- Lvincrcilin^. new ports for commerce opening, and Uilj little advancement made in the nautical part ot jiinl.anc. And within our own remembrance, when jiimight have been expected, ihat whatever tended to IikuikIizc the naval power of Great Britain, and to ex- |ini,l her commerce, would have received >he highell |i(iip;o\ciiicnt ; yet, even at thcle latter dates, we dull IfcidKw meaUiies were adopted 10 prclerve the health Irflciiiicn, more than h.id been known to out un- I informed aiKfllors. Ihe fuccefslul but mournlul ex- pcJitwn of CAimmodore Anion, afterwards an admiral, mdlord, allords a inaLincholy nroof of the truth of itiiiairiTtiun. Alter having palled the llraits ot La- Miirr, the fcurvy began to rage violently in this little (juidron i and by the time the Centurion had ad. niKcd but a little way into the South Sea, forty-levcn Uibrsdicd ot it in that Ihip; nor were there Icarccly my on board, who had not, in fome degree, been touched with the dillciiiper, though they had not at Ihiiiime been quite eight months Irom Kngland. In the ninth month, when abreall of the illand of Juan Fernandez, the Centurion lolt double that number 1 indfuihan amazing fwilc progrefs did the mortality nuke in this tingle ihip, that before they landed on tJutillaiid the had buried lou of her hands 1 not be- ing iblc to muiler any more in a watcf , capable of \k>i\f, duty, than two quarter mailers, and lix foie- Iniiil-mcn. This was the condition of one of the three |lhi|iiwhich reached that ifland i and the other two No, 14. fulfercd in proportion. Nor did the dcllroycr ftop here his cruel ravages, but, after a few months rcfpte, re- newed his attacks; for the fame difeafc broke out afrtlli, making luch havock, that before the Centurion (in which were the whole fiiivivinj; crews of the three Ihips) had reached the ifland of Tmian, there died loiiiciimes eight or ten in a day, fo that when they had been only two years on their voyage, they had loft a larger pioportion than of four in fi^e of their original number, and all of them after having entered the South Sea, of the fcurvy : but we apprehend this was not flrictly the cafe t but that the caufe of fo great a moitality was a pcllilential kind of diftenipcr, diftin- guilhed on land by the name of the jail, or hofpital lever ; and iiuleed, in the obfervations made by two of Commodore Anion's furgeons, it is alfirmed, that the fcurvy at that time was accompanied with putrid levers : however, it is not material, whether the Icurvy, or lever combined with it, were the caufe of the def- tructivc mortality in Lord Aijfon's fleet, lince it mult be i\..knoAledged both arofe from loul air, and other lources ot puirelacition i aixl which may now, in a great meafuic, be obviated, by the various means fallen upon lince the tune of that expedition : and this naturally leads us, in due order, to take a view of the principal articles of provitiun, anil other methods employed by that pruilenc as well as bi a ve commander, Capt. Co;)k. We lliall incntioii all fuch articles as were found the moll ulelul; and in this lill of piefervative ftores, Ihall begin with I. Sweet wort. This was dillributed, from one to three pints a day, or in fuch proportion as the fur- geon judged necelfiry, not only to thofc men who had in.milell lyiiiptoms if the Icurvy, but to fuch alio as were judged to be moll liable to it. Kecr hath always been clleemed one of the be'l antifcorbutics ; but as that dirivcd all its hxed air from the malt of which it was made, tins was ihought to be preferable in long voyages, as it would take up Icfs room than the beer, and Keep longer found. Jixpcrience has lincc verilied the theory ; and in the medical journal of Mr. Patten, lurgeon to the Kelolution, we hnd the following paf- lage, which lully corroborates the tellimony of Capt. Cook and others, in favour of Sweet Wort, as being the bell antifcorbutic medicine yet known. " I have found (oblerves this gtntlcinan) the wort oftheutmoll krvicv in all fcorbutic cafes during the voyage. As many took it by way of prevention, few cafes occurred where 11 had a fair trial ; but thefe, however, I Hatter n>ylell, will In; fulRcient to convince every impartial perlon, 11 is ihe belt remedy hitherto found out tor the cure of the fcallurvy ; and 1 am well convinced, from what 1 have feen the wort perform, and from its mode ol operation, that if aided by portable foup, four-krout, fugar, lago, and currants, the icurvy, that maritime pcf- tiience, w ill feldom, or never make its appearance among a lliip's ciew, on ihe longcll voyages; proper care with regard to cleanlinefs and provilions being oblcrved." It haih been conllantly obfervcd by our fca-futgcons, that III long crui/es, or dillant voyages, '\c fcurvy never makxs its alarming appearance, lo long as the men have their lull allowance ol fmall beer ; but that when it is all cxpenJed, the dilorder foon prevails : it were therefore to De wilhed, that our Ihips would atford fulTicient room tor this wholelbme beverage. But, we are informed, the Kullians both on board, as well as on land, make the lollowing middle quality between wort and fmall beer, ihey take ground malt and rye meal in a certain pro- portion, which they knead into fmall loaves, and bake in the oven. Thele they infufe occalionally in a proper quantity of warm water, which begins fo foon to terment, that in the fpace of 2± hours, their brcwage is completed, and a imall, brilk, acetous liquor pro- duced, to which they have given the name of quas. Dr. Mounfey, who lived long in RuiTia, in writing to his friends in England, oblcrvcs, that the quaa is the common and falutary drink both of the Hects and armies of that empire, and that it wai peculiarly good. The fame gentleman having vifitcd the fcverai prifoni. in the citr of Mufcow, was furprized to find it full of 3 L malcfaiitori ■^4 •»f/,i-'l' 1^" hr i; 11 k lit M ' ''1 ■ isijn'i; mm II ■1 1 n \ BB II i t i II H 1 2C2 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. i •■t liii fiWmi us iU'iWi] BftffliV'B inalcfiKflors, but more fo when he could difcovcr no fever among them, nor Itain iluc any acute diftcmpcr, jjecular to jails, had ever been known there. Mc nb- ferved that fome of thofe places for confinement had a yard, for the ufc of the prifoners, but in others with- out that advantage, they were not fickly : fo that he cou'd alTign no other rcalon for the hcaUMul condition of thofc men, than their kind of diet, which was the fame with that of the coninmn people of the country, who live moftly on ryc;bread (a ftronf; acefccnt) and drink qiias. Upon his' return to St. Pctcrlburgh, he had made the fame enquiry there, and with the fame relult. From this account it (hould fccm, that the rye-meal both quickens the fermentation, and adds more fixed air, tiacc the malt alone could not fo readily produce fuch a tart, briflt liquor. And there is little doubt, but that whenever the otlicr grains can be brought to a proper degree of fermentation, they will more or Ids in the fame way become ufeful. That oats will, we are convinced from an experiment made by Capt. Cook. When on a cruiie in the ElTcx, a 7.) gun Iliip, and the fcurvy breaking out among his irew, he recollected a kind of food moll proper on th.nt occafion, which he had fetn ufed in fomc parts of the iicith, called Sooins. This is made by putting fome o.u-meal into a wotiden velftl ; then pouring hot water upon if, let the infulion continue until the liquor be- gins to tafte r,jrifli, that is, till a fermentation comes on, which, in i place moderately warm, may be pro- duced in about two days. The water muft then be poured off from the grounds, and boiled down to the confluence of a jelly. This the Captain ordered to be made and dealt out in melfes, being firrt fweetencd with fiigar and feafoned with fome prr/.c I'rcnch wine, which, though turned four, improved the taHe. This diet chiefly, not Icfs palatable then mcdi< inal, ^d by abflaining from fait meats, quite recovered his fcor- butic fick, not only in this, but in fubfequcnt cruizes, M ithout his being obliged to fend one of them on fliorc bccaufe they could not recover at fca. Before the power «f the fixed .iir in fubduing putrcfa>lud in a dry place keep found for many years. IV. The Rob of Oranges and l^emons, which tht furgeon made ufc of in many cafes, with great fucccfl Capt. Cook, ir has been obferved, did not much rcll on thefc acid* as u prcfervative againll the fcurvy; fJ which the following reafon has been alligntd bvod of our mofl eminent phytical profcfTors. 1 hcfc pre| parations being only fent out upon trial, the furgeoi of the lliip was told how much he might give lor i dofe, without flriCfly limiting the quantum. The ex perinicnt was made with the quantity fpccifitd, bu| with fo tittle fuccefs, that judging it not prudent i lofe more time, he fet about the cure with the wol alone, of the cflficacy of which he was fully convinced) while he rcfervcd the robs for other purpofcs; moif particularly for colds, when to a large draught i warm water, with fome fpirits and fugar, he added ; f]X)onful of one of them, and witn thefe ingredientj made a grateful fudoriHc that anfwered his intention To which we may add, as worthy of notice, thatasthejj had been reduced to a fmall proportion of their bull( by evaporation, it is probable they were much wcakciv cd, and that with their aqueous particles they had, b^ the fire, \oii not a little of their aerial. If therefore further trial of thefe juices were to be made, they fliouU be fent to fca purified and entire in cafks, agrecabid to a propofai fent into the Admiralty fome yean agoJ by an experienced lurgeon of the navy, I'pon tha whole, the tellimoiiies in favour of the falutary qualitic^ of thele acids are fo numerous, and fn Arong, thatwc, mould look upon fome failures, even in cafes where thciij want of fuccefs cannot fo well be accounted lor lu in this voyage, not afullirient reafon for firiking themouti of this lift of prefervatives againft the confuniingmi-f lady to which Icanun are particularly fubjccl. Norj mull we omit obl'erving under this head, that Capt.l C^ok lays not more in praife of vinegar than of ihel Tobf, as appears from an extraiil of a letter which hel wrote to the prcfuleiu of the Royal Society, datcJI INymouth Sound, July 7th, 1776. " I entirely agrccj with you, (fays the t;aptain) that the dearneli of thcj Rob of Lemons and of Oranges, will hinder them froinl being purchafed in large quantities; but I do not! think thefe fo neceflhry ; for though they may alTilloikt I things, I have no great opinion of them alone. Norj have 1 a higher opinion of vinegar. My people had it I very fparingly during the late voyage j and towards thej latter part, none at all 1 and yet wc experienced no ill j efVeiits from the want of it. The cullom of wafuingl the infide of the fliip with vinegar I fcldoni obferved,! thinking fire and fmoke anfwered the purpofe muchj better." We will not controvert the pofition here laid j down by Capt. Cook, nor would we infer from hence,] that he thought vinegar of little fcrvice to a fliipM company, but only that as he happened in this vnyaw to be fparingly provided with it, and yet did well, he could not therefore confider a large lloie of vinegar w be fo material an article of provilioiK, ai was coinmoii- ly imagined: but notwithllandiiig the t:j()Hiin lii|)- plicd its place with four krtnit, and trullcd chutly to 1 I'jcl COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— -for making Discoveries in the Soutb Seas k Roi ;nd the ff^or/*y be ufed at times, fuccefsfully as a iBtJiti'"". I'he phyfician hiinfelf will fmcll to vinegar Imprcvciu infcdion from contagious difcafes, and the lyi IS certainly agreeable to the lick, cfpecially to fuch I, ho ni.iy I'C confimd to a tbul and crowded ward. I Thus niucii for the falutary articles that have of late ||«n Med to the naval (lores of all the king's (l)ips on I long voyages, which Capt. Cook ordered to be dif- l„i,iy,as occaGon might require, in a bountiful man- Igtr; 10 which he added the following regulations, cither liholly new, or hints from Sir Hugh Pallifer, Captains Icampbcll.Wallis, and other experienced friends; and, Llioin tltdc he formed a plan, to which all his Ihip's Ijg^pjny were to conform, he made them his own, and I f( may therefore jullly place the merit to our Ikiliul jfoninHnder's account. V, Captain Cook put hit crew at three watches, in- IdtaJof two; that is, he formed his whole crew into lihrfc divilions, each of which was ordered upon the Inichby the boatfwnin four hours at a time ; fo that Ipcrynian had eight hours free, for four of duty: Ifhcrcis.at watch and w.tch, thehalf of the men being Ign duty at once, wiih returns of it every four hours, |lh(\anhave but broken flccp, and, when cxpofcd to Iki (hey cannot have time to get dry, before the whif- I lit calls them up, or they may lie down to rcll them- \^\t!. When fervice requires, hardlhips mull be en- IjgrcJ, and no men in the world encounter them fo rea ■ lily, and with fuch alacrity, as our thorough bred Eng- lyhfcjinendo; nevcrthelefs, when there is no prelDng lall, o-ifiht not our brave, hardy mariners to be in- linlgcdwith as much uninterrupted reft as our com- I ton lalx>urcrs ? Indeed it is the rra^jcc of all good |l&(rs to cxpofc their men as iittle to wet weather Jiipoiriblc ; and wc doubt not but they will pay atten- Igonto what was made an clfential point with our hu- I Banc commander. In the torrid zone he (haded his opic trom the fcorching rays of the fun, by an awn- ■ i^uvcr his deck; and in his courfc under the fouthern lioiarcircle, he provided for each man what the failors lallni (heir Maghellan jacket, made of a fubllantial liDollcn ilulV. with the addition of a hood for covering ■ ihtir K'ads; and this garb they found moft comfortable ItKvrorkin}; in rain and fnow, and among the loofc ice |inliij;h louthcrn latitudes. If Rome decreed a civic jtrowntohiin who laved the life of a finglc citizen, lihit honorary rewards, what praifes arc due to that linn, who (untrivid, and employed, fuch new means lulivc iiLiny ; means, whereby Britannia will no more |bni(nt, on the return of her (hips from dillant voyages, lihtlots ot hcrlx)id fons, her intrepid mariners, who, by llnunjjcvcry danger, have fo liberally contributed to |ihc|Mnipeii(y, opulence, and glory, of her maritime VI. I'nreinittcd care was taken to guard againft pu- Itrdacuon, anil a variety of meafures purfucd, in order itopriKure, ant maintain, a purity of air in the Ihip. JToihi'L-nd, fomr wooil, and that not fparingly, being I put inio a proper llovc, was lighted, and carried fuc- litiriMlv to every part below deck. Wherever fire is, lihcjirmarcll to It, iKing heated, becomes l{>ecilically I lighivt, and, l)y being lignter, rifcs, and pafPes through llht iuchways into the atmcTjihcrr. The partial va- cuum IS niled with the cold . ir around, and that being htaird in its turn, in like manner afccnds, and is re- placcil with other air as bclbre. Thus, by continuing iht lire for fome time, in any of the lower apartments, the foul air is in a good mealure driven out, and the (rtlh admitted, llchdcs, the acid lleams of the wood, in burning, aiit probablv hcreasanantifcptic, and cor- ttflthc corrupted air that remains. Ihe (liip was ge- nerally thus aired with fires once or twice a week. It hii been ohfcived by an officer of dilUnguilhcd rank, llut all the old twenty gun (hips were remarkably lefs lickly than thofc equal in dimcnlions, but of modern I conltru^tiun i which tiituinllancc he could no othcr- u wife account for, than by the former having their fire- place or kitchen in the forepart of the deck immedi- atcly above the hold, where the flue vented fo ill, thar, when the wind was a-Ilern, every part was (illcd with fmoke. This was a nuif;\nce for the time, but which was abundantly coinpenfated by the good health of the fcveral crews: for thofe fire-places dried the lower decks, much more when placed below, than they can now under thefbre-cafllc upon the upper deck. But the moft beneficial end anfwcicd by thefc portable ftovcs was, their drying up the damps, and foul moifture, efpccially in thofc places where the air was moft likely to be corrupted for the want of a free cir- culation. This foul moifture is formed of the breath, and perfpirable matter of a multitude of men, of the animals or live ftock, and of the fteams of the bilge wntcr from the well, where the flagnated corruption \a thegrcateft. This putrid humidity, being one of the principal fourccs ofthefcorbutic difeafe, was, in order lo its removal, particularly attended to ; and, while the fires were burning, fome of the hands were employed in rubbing hard, with canvafs or oakum, every part of the (hip that was damp and acccflible. But the advantage of thefe means for preferving the health of mariners, appeared no where (0 confpicuous, as in pu- rifying the well ; which, being fituatcd in the lowed part of the hold, the whole leakage runs into it, whe- ther of the ftiip itfcif, or the caflcs of fpoiled meat, or corrijpted water. Yet this place was rendered both fafe and (wcet, by means of an iron pot filled with fire, and let down to burn therein: wc (ay fafe, becaufe the noxious vapours, from this fink alone, have often been the caufe of inftantancous death to thofc who have un- warily approached to clean it ; and not to one only, but to fevcral fuccc(nvely, when they have gone down to fuccour their unfortunate affiftants. When this wholcfome procefs could not take place, by reaibn of ftormy weather, the (hip was fumigated with gunpow- der, mixed with vinega.- or water. The fmoke could have little eftcft in drying, but it might corre^Sl the putrid air, by means of the acid fpirits from the fulphur and nitre, affifted, perhaps, by the aerial fluid, then dif- cngagcd from the fuel, to counterai.t putrefadlion. Thclc purifications by gunpowder, by burning tar,and other refinous fubftances, are fufiicicntly known. Wc wifti the fame could befaid of the ventilator, invented by Dr. Hales, the credit of which, though we arc con- vinced of its excellence, is far from being cftabliflied in the navy. Perhaps Capt. Cook had not time to exa- mine it, and therefore would not encumber his (hip with a machine he had poflibJy never feen worked, and of which, he had, at beft, received but a doubtful character; and wc find he was not altogether unpro- vided with an apparatus for ventilation. He had the windfalls, which he found very ferviceable, particularly iKtwecn the tropics. They take up little room, require no labour in working, and the invention is fo fimpic, that they can fail in no hands ; but yet their powers are fmall, in comparifon with thofc of Halcs's ventila- tor ; add to which, they cannot be put up in hard gales of wind, and they are of no ufe in dead calms, when a circulation of air is chiefly necellary, and re- quired. VII. The attention of Capt. Cook was direded not only to the fliip, but to the perfons, hammocks, bed- ding, cloaths, &c. of the crew, and even to the utcn- lils they ufed, that the whole might be conftantly kept clean and dry. Proper attention was paid to the fliip's coppers 8 and the fat which boiled out of the fait beef and pork, the Captain never fuftcred to be given to the people, being of opinion that it promotes the fcurvy. CIcanlincfs is not only conducive to health, it alfo tends to regularity, and is the patron of other virtues. If you can pcrfuade thofe who arc to be under command, to be more cleanly than they aredifpofed to be of them- felvcs, they will become more fober, more orderly, and more attentive to their duty. The piaftice in the army verifies this obfervation ; yet, weconfefs, a ma- riner has indifferent means to keep himfelf clean, had he ihc inclination to do it j but, in our opinion, fea- o(1iccrs .Kfi',:-:/^ ■'"■''H't"' .1) t'P-V 'i'la .: ## I 11 (I i^l 1 1 1' m m M 11 "' I ''HI fillil aoj^ Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLET E, officers mighr avail thcmfelvej of the ftill for provi- ding trelh water for the pmpofc of wafliing ; feeing it in wril known that fait water will not mix with foap, and linen wet with brine, IcUlom thoroughly dries. As for Capt. Cook, one morning, in every week, he palTed his fliip's company in review, and (ii* that every man had changed his linen, and was, in other points, as clean as circinnftances would permit s and the freiiucnt opportunities he had of taking in fre(h water among the illands in the South Sea, enabled him to allow his crew a fufficient quantity of this wholcfome article for every ufe ; and this brings us to another ufeful means condu- cive to the health of fcamen. VIII. Capt. Cook thought frcfh water from the fliore preferable to that which had been kept fomc time on board a fliip, and therefore he was careful to procure a fupply ot this cffcntial article wherever it was to be obtained, even though his company were not in want of it : nor were they ever at an allowance, but had al- ways fufficient for every mceflary purpofe. Nor was the Captain without an apparatus for diftilliiig frclh water i bur, though he availed himfcif fointtimcsof the invention, he did not rely on it, finding by experi- ments, that he could not obtain by this means nearly fo much as was cxpeclcd. This was no difnppointment to him, lincc within the foiithern tropic, in the Pacific Ocean, he diliovered fo many iflands, all well llored with wholcfome fprings J and when in the high lati tudes, far from a (ingie fountain, he found the hard- Ihips and dangers infeparahle from the frigid zone, in fome degree compenfatcd by the fingular felicity he enjoyed, of extracting incxhauftible iiipplies of frcfli w.iter fiom an ocean ftrcwcd with ice. Thofe very flioals, tic! !», 5V'.. t> Mi- f>ol Ai\uT,, '»/ r iV. r*.;«. ' • <.,UU ,1 i.'M ' \ ■■■•■■'.• .. t ... , -■!.■ J (!l >', Vi '( f U. i>;.i 1 • n i-^hl" ■ .'■', .,:,'^"' , •d/;,-.il '•■;|- M'f Warradec Vlninod i Maa Taeicc - ■> '■ F.le Nohora I Techo ' y I'oc KtrouioM Taata, toa Tarra Owha Oima ' ''-i ' Eoome Oomaia Madoohowhy Keema Ee Kvarre Waura Oopccrc Nana Arra. lilra I'arou, mou Fata, hoito Pecpcerc Ama. Hcama Emotto Poe '^•'^ '" Jiteoe. Eatce ' (■( ^ I'^raeunoo Eeneeou Epaa Hohore Mocnc '. >.•• Errevy Papa Maieea Apoaira' Vaihce ' '"''''<' Hena •' Fanna toonea Pecretce Erao Eroee. Moia Come oomc Omorrc Mydidde Eevec, toata Etama Eevce .VII U ur-i , '<\-K Nouw«,lj /^« . •> Antyr vl •: 1 Ah /tuc/e A:itin AloJt Adulltrtr Axf AlJrnil't Aff.,J]in Afpfrily " ... Armv' (loih nf) Point ofdiitii Amzu Anf-xtr Approk-jirn '• Arm Armpit " Arehfs Alive ' Adbefivt •■ Awry '■ Arvakf Truf ■" Airr/r " Avatifious ' Ajhumed A BaltU ■■'' Head ■ Bmha * ' ' Bank --■■ Bark Btijltt of cocca liiiwf D.'tio a fybrr's Dillo of plantain ftock 0:110 of iocoj InnfiUrti Ditto of ditto fmnll Ditto oflui^i mild Billard Beetle Bee Bed ""• Beard Battle-axe Babe BattMor Brother taata '(\. COOK'S SEC IsOUhS. lydcc JTlxlDJi iTijiaieeme |ft,re,eooha Ijlinno Ijlori'i Ijijuroo Iftpe l^fiijtiiwia jiilyJidde Itpi" Ifhoc I TipfKiw"'"'* I fjiooroo I Pi-ivirc" ITioome I fry lAfcooba \h |T*ij I [tn;> I OniMibiKito I Tiiutn Ifjn.Kn M.iourc I [re, ere |.Mitii-l"» JHinfM ' JOMUccra ^ I Hoio" '! l.^WiUll ^" iTlTW I Ohow I Onhooe I TlUM tpcclio I Per, pcerc !m \i* [-■ Pccayi I h'liOi'i . I Eixm i ' Tfilvi I Auwrrcwa |Tocp<)oe I taiotoo loo IPipi'iicci ■' jMiiiceiiti jlm, ftica I Tmi, KtiKi J Tjum.itt I htoi'l |Tciapif() iiiM rnioo, Iinii 'cclia J illii.i |H'cri,iij I l-Jrcc ■iWuiu ^'" JFiuaauiutca I Toil m V... ?4. "•■IIPI cook's second VOYAGE— 'iof making DiJioveriesnK^c S SeaticJ^oaaA-l^ H^orU., jsit^ iumtj i Nouns. ifffc ydee Lmeeme ~\^j^^^^' Boil . KK^ Boat, er canoe ■.' li ■;,««■ ' Blood taita "S"'*^^ Blafphemer ■Ocrcwoha U.V.-'.Si. 'llofoi .•'^^•>'--:^^^ ^'. Benevolencf ' ' ;,^'i.'5r''t Vtvvn.U.r. Butlerfiy irrehioo ■^^'^w' Ruds iLra . , '■^^}\'Bonetto,aJt/h ^r,iih«o» • "-■ • "V. Bow-Jlnng ilvdidde •/■■",^*-^ , ;,,, '■■'■^''Branch I Iippfiooroo Ifiiooroo I fi'O'iro" 1 Twine Iffy jOmi lAbooba JFn I Ifiiii '• ' Ifcconno I OupotxHito JTitutrJ |f,noi'i M.iourc Jl!!tl-1H> ■.m; Mr. Bread-fruit Ditto {a parliculiir kind) ■•V.v Ditto Cp'ijle of) v/.u-, ■ liread-tree (fumof tbt) ^':-^ Ditto {leaf of the) ■■■■■"'' ■ 'Ditto ( pit/} of the) »• '' Breajlplate """"i '"-''»' The Brow I.'. A 'Bruin ' ■' r*:)'-^^^ Bald-headed ""•'"•^ Barren-land - ' j-.;-.Aii' I Onho-JS Tiun Ftr.pccrC 'V i .\ Coveloiipiefs Miie ■ : ;,■, Cai/_gA Pwcyi '• '^^'Xi Cohering of a 0'siilli Noooi , '"*''',. Coynefs' \lmi ■' ""■ '",. CiabQand) M.ito.) ■ '' '^•' ;*"'.;' Ofl(* ''■" '■ Tfiiii , „ Cripple I Hrjwf rcw» ^ '- Coe^to* {a hrou-n) (Toopi)oc ■<^>i' tlj' Crown of tbe head J Ijiiutoo too . ' ■- Cramp I Bi^ ■ ' .'*''^ ■ . . * C/ire of an applt lOT-e ^^ 'y^'f^f^;Clotb-ptcint ''• i " • "^-^^^iCla^v^fabird t"'^*' Nouns. Eao .„,-.. )f .. ;, Moa, ,ctoa Pottc potte < Aree ■ ■ Fooroowaha, Pooroo Erede, vae Enehaoo Pahoro, Pahcrre •.« Voud •::,\~Xeck-roach ' 'Cocoa-nut Ditto \J)ufk of a) r. 'Ditto (oil of) \-»J)itTc (leaves of) Comb ! I'''.? ■JO'I Contempt (name of ) ^'jm^-T Waheine, ^locbo, Etoonca&ncuWnf 0»raoora Crimfon {colour^' Paraou maro, Para pirao}XConverfation Walieine, pooha Madoo, huwby Evaheea ■ , Tatou Teeya Marccdc Ey Parooy X-'Confent 'y,!Confufedne/s ^-Mi .f-r r ;).1o'.> t\>.Tii fi: ^^^■. ■i • Computation •t- ■■ Company -n-. Cold (fenfe of) •'"•h» Cbition '^"rJ. .Cloth round the waifl, and'* •."f^v . J}]irt Hcappa,heappa,Aadepooed ei, Oora pooce ei Ooair ara Aheere, Ooa Pooheere Ooerai Teeboota At. ■!,' Ahoo F.whou, arra Ktoo Porliaoo \ Eoore, tehai Fanou, evalio Wara ».v Mammatea Tcctceie, Etirrd - - Poore, poore Epooncina, Etooy ' Ooama, Kooe« Teate EvahcQ Eeoo, ^eewera ;" Ooa, pccapc, £hotto Ooopeeo Motoo Etce Epee Hawa, hawa . ^ Ehoonoa °v Oo, atahai Maheine ^ ' Ditto (yellow) • V Ditto (fummed) ••' Ditto (nankeen) • Jiitto (dark brown) --'n '^ ■* '-Ditto (brown thin) ""■».'"/ %'^itto (an oblong piece ^} O '■=■ 'Ditto of any kind ^ • ' "^ ■ ^ '-■'^Clay '•■" ' Clapping (a noife) .••IV. ^ Clappers -\\ Circumcifton '^Child-bearing \' ' Cheerfulneft ''•'•Chalk "^'""■Celerity ■>.V.i \ • ..V. •in I Pjpi',\i eel 1 Miiiccnti j lin, iTia I Too, KtiMt I Tiiini.itt 1 if tori [Tciapifti 'iat,i r.nuio, I'.moo I'cclu I i\li),i nccrijia .irec lFiii.miiiutca |Trj:i Sit'"* ^A Chin 'Hi"*^^ '\CheJl of the body ('I'ttk ,,, , A Culm ^""^>'^->'>- Ditto ■'■ "•^.>'^^-' Cane(fuf^ar) "''" Cop ' ., ' Caterpillar Center (or middk) Chatterer Ch'Jl Chicken * Chief (or kini') Ditto (an inferior One) Cliffs Cloth -heater Heeva Paraee '• • ' Ooboota Aouna Adooa ■>' ■ " Ooree Eohoo ( i'v Matcina Pahoo Mora Ego Poecrcc Marama latna Ootataheita Matte noa Tai«ea, toorce Mona Ahcioo **s?> Krepo Ehoonoa \ • i Ecca Faoooue liwaou Mattou 'I'opotca Ef'ao Oomaro Pancmo jF * Chequered, or painted Choaked Qean ■■■ V'-- Clear S'^sv* • "< ' Cltft '<•" Cooked (visuals) Crammed, or crowded Crooked Qit, or divided ■« Devil •V^y^ Difeafe "'■'' Diarrhoea (loofenefs) ■*'• ' Dfnial ^- Dr^p ■ ' ' Daughter ' -' '• • ■ Dance - ' Head-drefs at funerals » Door ■■'- Dolphin (•^ Doll Dog ' Ditcb ' DiJIria Drum Duck Dug, er nipple ' •]' Darknefs ' Day-light Day-break Death (natural J 'Deafnefs '.'Deep-water Dirt and nafUneft ■C-.T 1 tV|A ..t ni ... Mil/. i,fi..:-r kVA'-tei Difapprobatim '^"\ DiPonefiy I A "1 ■ \l : DijffiitisfadioH j«v.m '.£)<„«,„ (f^t hair) m\y-^l' Dread -v- Drops of rain ^'"•Dumbne/i ''Dry Drowned ■f .in kui-jiV,! •i-it-'^l i; V ^' f'il M '1 4 hL !'i''^i''ll It'll .'L, !»? 'ft iflli lii mili Ebeqo ±66 Caf*. COOH'» VOYAOBS COMPLETE. ..jn I Ml"' Nouns. £coo ' X>rejfed, net raw Taumot ^. Det^lt Km '■ Dtftani ■•'■\ Taecva '.s • • DifpUqfed Epootooa , Decrepit ' • " " Matte roo Dead ■-'■•' -^ ' Taatae ^, Att Enemy jcc. Tooo Echo ",*'' Heawy EMmu, erfia-ffg Poe note tarees Eitr-riitf '■' Tareea Ear . ^ 'i Taiooree ■ Ditto Ube injidt »f) ' • ■ ' Ehooero te Manoo Egg Peery Ett-hird (while) Matta rbeE^e - '- Tooa, matta t'ye-irrj} s' Oohoihoi Ei-ening "'■ Tetoocc Enpborbtum-trer Toftrcc . . ' Elbm> Tooty Excrement OoacaaOt Tauooa Empty . , , Eta, eta • Fjiltre ■" : J •-> Oohytei ' Equal ,. -.r \ • Etoo ErcH ..'J... . Poorehooa A Fly '-■ Flute Wcewo Ornama* ,v.t Jh-calcber (a iirdj Rypocea i , , • \ .! Fog Taouna T- Fool Moa ;.. Fowl Apoo •. Farunculus {a boil J Eccda Flfjb-nurk Motoo ,,. i . i ., Fiffurr Makccra Fijling-rod 1 Ewha V- '.'FtJb-pOt ; - Epa .■ ' Fifl>ing--u.'all ■"' ' Eya -,..'..k.- . •... .•,V>V iv/» Etata :. IV,'.. Ditto {tbettitMdJ Paiou A. ■■ . Ditti (flatgntn mid rri) Oomorehe . Ditto {a yellow and flat) Eeumc > . Ditto (green and flat) Marara ■■^, Ditto C fly mg) ..... Erccm* _; . • ,• .' Finger •, -"i . Epatta >w.v Fillip Taharcc , • \rt. Fan Ehoo -v... Fart Medooa tannc Father Tannc, te hoa Ditto(aflep) ■ i . .■ Hooroo, hooroo manoo , Fratber' " j.ua Emottca m Faer a.'. •, Mamo-oo Fern-tree •, • 'I'irra , wFinofajifl) Pooa ■„■ ,i\ FlrMr if a plant Tapooy ,.\ Foot Ery ; Forehead Ahca ,, Frappingo/aflute Avcc Fruit (yellezv) HocKTOte manoo Ditto (perfume) Hootro fruit F.oo-fc FriHion 5. 'I'alnj •J, Freckles Tocarrc tarrcca ,.,..j Flonvers for ear-vmamenti 'Iccarrcoovva . .^i»'.,', Ditto open Pooa , . .j^^ Ditto of a plant , ^ .. , Papa ' : Flatnefs Da-hcc-crc-c-rcupa Flatper {a fly) ^ Fiji {flriking tatb in demcinr) Amoio Eahai Fire fafa Feeling {fenfe of) Earara, Toororec Feeblentfs Hooro... hooroo, tc manoo Ffalben {red) IMattou Fear Mace „ • Fat of meat Moc, momy Fainting Faatta atu Facetioui >Iawarrc ,ii. Falfe Peea .^ . ., Fat Ehcieu, Faea . Fatigued \ \ : ».v .' NouNa. Temy de paarce ' s :-.u , • Eooha FenokM, maa Eotc ,,•.%.. Mahouta -v^ > Ooaro Ercpo \ Eanna, anna Pya, Oopya, Paya Moboona ^ Ouroo Too boona tahetoo Tooboona Taata Aer, Erapoa nooe Hccoceota Tatooy ♦, - \ Tooneea Tatooa Eho-00 0,^. ; , Awoutoo \,„^\ Orabooboo .'a- ^ \ Aaoo Y> - ' \ 1 Hofoa /,v> .., Anonoho Tapa the Poore, poore Arahai Tomo Mamahou, Maroo Efarr« A Awhatu Efarrcpota Ehamoote v , Nfatau Eeaourc Erooa Boa Maoo, Maooa , ' Taiha Otoo Trapapp Totcra Toe -, Tootou ,^. , Oraro Etcctc Eroroo The Hinnahcina Ehoo Octocto Epooie, -,;, ,^ .,, •■. Erccma ' Pcelcoi One one Onpo Kvoua . ., , Enanca v,. \. „ .,-, Ahoutoo ,.".'. Pccrc. pccre . ". Po-oorou ■ '■ Etoocc, Eoowha Efohc _[ / Tamorou "• Epaee no t'Erace Mahcinc, Amauhaitoi Eeaourc tfio • "^ ■; Eta, eta .^, . , '^ Mahanna, hanna ' "^ ' ' Tcimaha . V^,> , Mato Poheca Fa, atta, atta Pororce, Pocc« Moioo Ah ' "w, ( ff^tni'Aayoungclnfn toy) Female kind Fertile, land Few Mr''"' Flown ' Forgot Foul Frelh Full ifalisfied) Crandfen Great great grandf„b„ f^real grandfather Grand/atber Glutton Glafs (looking) Girthing manufa!tkre Girl Girdle Gimblel Garland offlmveri Gut {the blind) Guts ofantmali Cenrrojitf Grafi ' Kiroin Green '""' Gnat Grafping Good-natured , ' Hut, or boufe Houfeonpnps Ditto {a large qm) Ditto {of o^e) nooi:{/i/b) Ditto (a particular fen) Hole Hog Hill Ditto (railed ne tree! Heron (a Hue) Ditto (a white) Hedgehog (tbefea) Hatchet Hiifbour Harangue Hammer Hair Ditto (grey) Ditto fred) Ditto (curled) Ditto (woolly or frizzlej) Ditto (tied up) Hand Ditto (defurmeX) Ditto (a motion zi/th) Head ' Ditto (flbom) Head-acb, ocuiflmed by ind ennefi Heart (of an animal) Hibifcus (a flower) Ditto (wtib yellou; Jlnm) \ Hiccup Hips Diilo(pun^ualeJ) Horizon Houfewift (ibe indufiruw) Henefly Hoarjinefs llardiHil's . He.U Heavy Hii^li '■ Hct HuiHorous Hungry, or Hunger Ijlot * Mihtii - ■ . . . - . ^ -* — ,^— .^ , , I I I I I ■ '■['_■ ■ rOOK's SECOND VOYAGE— for making^ Difcneriet in tht South Seat t* Round the IVorltt. 207 LjicineOpatiiechu lOorfi cteon* Ifcohe Ti»ytte T«py lErahoo Tip*"" looflio l&ooro . breed*"" jfi^jahooi Ortoo lu^eotu , hna,Eara fflwoi. Whenooa Ipnau Tnjuifitive (a tattling wa- man) Image of a human figure Jaw {the lower) Jealoufy {in a wk.nan) Ignorance IllnatureJ Imps Incejt Indolence Indujlry Ink (for punduation") Itch (the) Inhojpitable Indigent Iinmenfe Immature ^ '* Indolent {idle) ''i„. A Knot Ditto {a double one) Ditto {a female one) Knuckle Knee Kite that boys play -with King-fijher King Kernel of a cocoa-nut Tbt Kidnies Killed A Loufe Lover , „ Loo/etiefs , Looking-gtafs LOtfter Lizard Ijar Lance, orfpear Lagoon Ladder Land, a country Language I : fuDorodee.teTimorodeeD/V/o ujedin dancing INoM Tspy IVinmirima lOovaira lOmoo ITatoo, irapoa Hahci.Papoo I tiwiu'i JMimi F^e Ici,tfi Anliii A» Poo, poo. .^ Miji, irftig ]: /. Meafure ,,, M ' Many : ' I ^ Mature '■ ■' '•"■' ■ Motherly Murdered Mute '".',! A Noun, or name of a lhin£ Native Net {fijhing one) \. Night Jhadt f ./. \ 'T r 'Nipple ';' ..-Nit ■ Nut {cocoa) Ditto a large cemprtjfed ditU Tb0 Nojlrils Nail '' ', Dittoof iron ". \, : Neck ;'.'! Numeration ^ Neon . • ■ Night ' , Needles ,. Naked . , ■; ; . Narrow ' , New Nigb Notfy Am Orphatt Oven , Owner ', • OJier {large fort) '/. \ ' Ditto {another fort) . ... ■ Ointment plaijler Thi Ocean Outjide of a thin^ Ornaments {burial) 1 Ditfo{forthe ear) •, Order , , ', \, Oil C perfumed J Ob(fity{fatnefs) Odoriferous Old Open Cfpacloui) Ditto {not Jhut) Oppojite APrieJi ■ . ■ • Porpoife Poll . Plant < >, .". Ditto {afmaltfcrt) ''■ Plain ,. .,„ Pimple , . , Pigton {a tvood) '\ \ Ditto (green and white) -u Ditto (black and white) Pudding ,.. . ,„.. , ,., » Purging Phyfician Arott ir m 'H ■\ \ "v ' '■ ill 'I vm u\-m ^iSfi I'H til ^ii ao8, Ctpi. COOKs VOYAGESCOMPLETE. COOK'i SE \ . Iff. '• Nouns. Aroiirnaicr4 Awa , - Tcaoo Poc Pye, py«. Eare Earccca I^rooroo Eaa Eveenec Anoho Ehoc l:UjUiea Apoorcema Etar^o •, , Amaa, £attl Oe, oc, or oi, oi Ahuoa CX>marra Awaawa Faicc Maicca, Maya Patoonehe Mabec ^, Mamma Mamy •. , . Mcatce "^ Rcc Pacta Maroo Teetcc ^'ahapoo' " - Teeopa Eooec Pwha Falkbooa Etirrc Hoc, Faherrc Taura Apoo, Ea Paoa Eaou Eeea. Taata Eara Maino Awao Khoonooa Yorcc. Eyont Oo-cc Maicoe Enooa - . Maiho Pooanec T, Ewahei Enooa Tooroorc Ooauptjne Tooc, tooc ' " Eooa Ewao wao Eotta Parourc Oora, oora. Matdc Ewha Epotoo Fara. Pai Ooopai Ooawaira Roope Tarra, tarra I'iroo Hurowai ••* • Tarooa Papa. Papa, rooa V, ' Peltuoal nf plantaiH Icavtt Pepper^lanl Peg »-.... Pearl Pirjftnenl Piilb, or rout Pafs, rr Jlrait Parlilioii Piirroqiiet fgreeii) Dillo (bhu) ' , Parent P.iir PaJdle cfii CMiot rbtPaUle ,... , P.tlm oftbf hmd Piirl biloxv tbc tongue The piJitn.Ir, or jiulk of a plant Point ',f any ihinj^ Pumpkuis Polalofj (fuYft) , ^ , , Poi/m (httn) P!.i itM'i! (Jyirfi) P.'a>iliiin.lrtf (the fruit of Perfons rif didinflm P^jlf {,1 /nmfiitfJ) Pap Piiin {ibejtnfe of) PrrlcJ ;. , Pilly (fmall) Pl.iiu- (ftimtU) PUaf(d {mt cro/,) P-j',r Privnaiit Prone, or f,ue dmvmvards Pure, clear . ^t^nrr ''" '^ui.tnefi A Rudder, or fteering-pdddie of a canoe ' Rope '- Root ■Rck R^ef of rocks RMer, or ibirf ' Roud, cr path Rui! Rif " ■ ■ Refujal ■Rat Rafp, or file Raft of Bamboo "*'' Rainhnc Riiif (fpotled "Mitb black, Lrc.) Ditto {anolberfort) ^If Remainder Ringworm {a difea/i) Rolling of tbejbip Running (to ffcapej RefpiraiioH Ram ... ■, Rank CinfmillJ Raw meal Rate fruit Red Rent Rich Ripe < Rotijled, cr broiled ' '. ' Kitten • ' "• Rougb ■ ''"■ A Swell (of ihefeaj ^ ; '■*' Surfoflbefea *■- Storm Stool, to lay the bead oh viben ajltep _^, . , . .7 ■ .I'tM. irs ' NoiNs. ^*''*y a ».) .■■•i^\ Stone Pa'noo ts'.r Ditto Cpo'ijbed /„ , 1 ■ , •.Vv.\s;y.A P-Jllupon^'- '"^^"l I amc ,„\ .,\ ,) .,, V_ Slick (a waJkwi ) f-^crcc ^^,, ;^,,y . ,x Star-^ ^^ hfiitoo. Uttctto . ,1,1 . Etoorce 'r.io Ewhacono Opai Hecva Hoonoa Tcetce Pivihc'caroo Kiiia Toocine P.iroi)y P,ihic I'orchoo ' Otco Mao Towtow Maray .-^ Papa Fatno w haira Hcawy ■ Lcau ;»);, 1 iiri , \ Star f\^,. ' \Stage (ajigbting) .i^\Sp€mr '-^ \ ,.s\Sum ■.,■. V \.*»» • ». .\*» S ,.. , y\ Son ., \-_ A Snip,, or uither ^ ftinblnif^one \ Snake (fea) ,, •. Sliirt {iibttc) , > . ship ;.;^,. SlMlKTyger) ,\ Dil/o {jjuull one) Shark ' Seruant,DrcommentieTli, jJSepulcbre '^* ■yScal ■ • Seam, tctzieen tzi-o tLuJu r Scoop, xiiih '^-bicb .^ , , fs emptied /,«» ^ F.tona Eccoo Esvhocc Mahanna. Era Tcincca tc Matunna Eaha .■.vV not St^ Skate.fijb rbe Sun ^^ .Ji* Ponau "i Paracea Tapooy Eraec .•\'" Ecrec Ereeawo ' ' .Atou. ataou Aroodc »^ Eata Ecoroo tc paia \ Hooatootoo, Ehooero Tacc, Mccdc Poohc Eecai Tyty, Mccdc Eonc Whatihca Eoora Tabooa, Manoo Poa Otoobo, Otoobo Eheeo Arawha Tama Matte my Mamy Faea ' ' , Fattebooa Moeroa Fataioo, Ootoo, too, too Bappara Machccai ' Hoopc Tcircida Maroo Mamay Piecna • < Mattaarcva Euhaaou Eto, Too • '•' We«al» Apee i r Ditto (/be meridian) . String r,/ 4 ifiirvcf ^''.'^:T{i'<>f>p^''f'^fio \ '. \ Stomach >' Skim -•;• Side ' " ' • '?'■ Ditto (tlvrirbi) ,'X-'^I^>no{tbel.fi)' Soon Seyne (a net) Seed of a pttmt Sea Sea -eat Sail of a camtt S.dt, or fdl-vntet Sand Saturn Smoke Saunders' ijlaiid Scti/es of a pjb Scifars (a pair of J Seeing {ibe/enft of) \ Sbiptnrck Sbces (mud, crfijhmg) ' Suhiefs Si^bing Silence Sleep, 01 death Smelling [thefenfe oj) Smutting ('xtib cbttccal, it funeral ceremnniei) Sneezing Mucus Sohernefs ^ Softncjs Soreiufs, or pain Swnd Squint-eyed Suicide Sugar-cane Stupidity Striking (in dancing) Tootocnl • »ft , tnarhUi I Tootoone Pihoorc, hoor( I oowhyad* lilirra, i P>y» M»io Pecrc, P««« fohfca fitKraha Ao* 1 Etjp»y°y Too, p>PP"" jftrre pootoo ] Er»o TwErao KiDOoroa fro Bioppe tpiroi ko Oko TJinita Anpoa , Ertflna, erahai IlffO llalica I tTifwa- Pirio\ jtouJou Fifi Otoot, tcepo Pi!«re •< I Hoeiire Fittbooi Pinou, DO tc 01 Wihccy ..1 )ll^)orocoo Aptuhau T.«, tooc Eworcroo, Ewoi Aboooue Opii .-y Arceoi Poo Epio Minnihouna ,, Oomutte Aiboo I'ouruoa -.^,- E*nua ArJ, lui, Mai, a Kina Mi)uni Ootec Wiheine Wahfine mou fvarouat F.atoo; Ereou Malice oupancc Mihciue WatnoncC* Enlici No. 25. COOK'i N'ot'HS. I Tootoonc 's SECOND VOYAGE — for making Difcoveriet in the Sotitb Seat & Round the IVorld. 209 Necneo hoorc Fati Ularoo, miioo P|,p,)lOO I nirra, mwtoa, pjy» Mil" Pttrc, P"" Oomari AC* Hanceo -.-^■■ • Too.p'PPO" - V. j^ pootoo pootoo ErJO )(iDOoroa [10 [piroi Anpo* ^ . I [rffflia, erinii \ ,. Uibc) I [netfoa. Paraou, mou Aou>lou Otoot, t«po •,...■ Pitecre , _^ . HoMire _ \^>.^y.^- '- ;• Fiicbooa Puiou, no te opoo Ueoomeoo .^pcuhau 1M. tooe [worcroo, Eworepo Ahoooue Opii Arccoi Poo .,.,,• Epio Minnihouna ^, .. Oomutte . .;• Aiboo lourooa E*nu» Ara, lui, Mai, arahai Kjm Mouna Ootce Wjheine Wjhfine mou fvirouit F.itooi htm Malice oupancc Miheiue Witndntca Fjilici No. 2 5. Stones, fuch as Jland upright btfore the huts Stinking Scrati bed Shady Sharp ("keen edged) Short Si'iut (not open") S'lmiLr .,., Sloiv ,, ,1. Small ,,:.,!. Smooth Stetf {npproachtng to a ftr- fendicular) Strait (not wide) Strong (at ajlrong man) Slrti ^k Sultry Supine (vjifh the face up) A Tide, or current Title (belonging to a woman of quality) ,j,,j Tomb Tortoi/e ,. ..,,,..■ Town Tree Ditto from which clubs, &c, are made Tropic bird ^ Turban Tail Ditto of a bird ., Telotum Teat, or dug Tern (a bird) Tajitng (Jenfe of) TheTeeth = ;■ •!( ..,'t. . v.r..: )• •^ »v '/"Area/ Thumb Tongue Twins Truth Trembling ^^J^i Touching Time (afpaiefrem 6 to 10 at Thunder ' '■ ' Throwing (in dancing) Theughtfulne/f Thoughts i .,,,■,„ Thirjl Thick nefs (in folid bodies) Tenants Thick CfubJIance) ,'^, ',,' Ditto (muddy) ' " , Tough • ' An Ulcer < Unmarried perfen ,,,,',./ Unrip* A Vapour (luminous) Vaffal, orfubjeil V^el (in which liquor is tut) Ditto (any hollovs one) Venus The ydns Vajl A Wry neik IVieJiler Wound Woman Ditto (a married one) Wijh (to one wl)ofnerus) Wing {of a bird) Window Wife Widow iLge ,.>! q > Wrinkled Tork l/land '. . ■ Toung 7'ellow Pronouns. Wou. Mce N.)oo 'I'otaooa No-oc Taooa, Aroorooa Oc Nana /, myfelf, me Mine They Thine We, both of us Tou He Verbs. Eteet Eooawai Ehootee Homy, Hapymy Fyroo, tooty I'aprahai Oboo Tcimotoro Toopy Flrookoo Parry Erooy Fafefc Etatee Aahoo ' Fatte Ehoocc, Elioo-o Etooo To Abide Agitate Angle AJkfor a thing Wipe the backfide Bajlinade To Bathe Bawl Beat upon Biat a drum Befpatter ' Belch Bend any thing Be^iiail Bite, as a dog Blow the noje Bore a hole Bow with the head Owhattc, Owhaone. Tute Break a thing Watte weete we tcahu Homy DoodiMvc Too-otoocoo • • V, Kamo Evaha . \ Popocc. Peero ■f* t Amawheea ■•e.v' Ehootc . Ev Ehce, tc me, myty Taharcc Tararo Encai Aaooi Tace Eparoo : ." > Otce ■• > Oono Eooee . * "• V Fawecwo . ;(. v '• Eaoowai v^^ Faecta Atooha * Ehopoo Etea Erako Ku, hauhoo t'Ahoo Aoenoo Eiotooroo, Etooroo £y, Maa Breathe Bring a thing Burn a thing Call a perfon Carry any thing Carry any one on the back Catch a thing Catch a ball Catch fifl) with a line Chew Chufe Cool with a fan Cjourt a woman Creep on the hands and feet Crow, as a cock Cry Cuff ' . Cut the hair withfciffart Darn Defire Dif meat in fait water Difengage (untie) Dijhrt the limbs, &c. . Dtjhibute .;,' Dtve under water Draw a bow •' , Draw by force Drefs (putontkatkt) . Drink :i , '. 1 Drop, or leak I'M Hohfira m #1111 ivr S ' •I: ^ I ' is \ :S. iilli £19 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. h Verbs. Hohora Topa Tearro Atce Eneotto Eiote Mahon Panoo Era ire Hefeto Ehanne Hoatoo Harre Eiawa Ilaro Atee Haiiwai Eannatehcaree Werooa Etoc, toowhc Kwoiii Teiacc thoona Tapea Eltbaou, Wapoota Teelic Mou Tooo Atcci (cEfatre Farcte Khoora, tela'vhy IMahouta, At aire Tahce Fmaa Ehoce Eete Eliei Atta Kwhecno I'lawai F.trialu, Tcpoo Atuonoo t'Eccweia Tecpy Ewhatoroo I'Arere Tapoonc Elu'iiaioo Hohora, tc Mocya I'afcte t.whariJde Torttooe Oohappa Apiuicpooe Fpoota F tonliic Flainanima Kwhaou Atouoii Tchaddoo Emaooina FJiapixio Oiipoiipoii, tcaho WlutG) Wcmma Atce, Eatee Elicc tcinai my ty Ooma Aicctc F!.)()hi)(itee Eoowlicc Mancc Koiome • F.awa, F>ooy Kroi), Li 00, Eliaroo Toor?«c Expand To Fall down Feel Fetch it Fi^ht Finijh Fiji {to of en tht) Float on the fact In lie wa- ter To Fly (as a bird) Fold up Friji Give any thing Go, or u'lilt Go, or quit a place 60, begone Go fetch it Grafp Grate the kernel of a cocoa- nut Grew Grunt, orjlrain Pull the hair Hew Hide a thing Hinder Hit a mark Hi/s HoldfaJ Halloo \ ■ Keep at home Inform Inte-rogate Invert < ' Jump, or leap Kick Kindle Kifs Know Labour {work) luxugb l^ave Ijfl a thin^^ up Lie down, or re/l one's fiif. Light, or kindle ajire JjoU, or he lazy Ltll out the tingu* • Ijiohforathing lojl lune Make the be I Meafure a thing Meet one Meltordijfolvea thing M'ifs a mark Mix things togethtr Mi.ice, or cut'jmall Mick Open {tht noutl!) Mutter orf.i.mmtr Ned Open ,.. , Overcome • . ,■ Overturn Pant, or breathe quiekty To Paddle a canoe's head to ibt right Ditto ditto to the left Peel the fiin of a mU rfiin of I • ci.'Mje Pick, or Pinch Pluck up Ditto hairs from tht btard Plunge a thing in tlx water Pour out Prefs, trftjueim ,,.„ . Puke Purfut and tvtrtaht a per- fin Pujh with the hand Verbs. OrrtcJ Epy Epouie te ryi Moomoomoo Enoho A too Ewhaoowhaoo Euumc, Ehoe Horocc Ewhano Ooaoo Eraraoo Go, Paemds Ehopoc Etooe Kooawai ' ■' Kvaroo, VVhannc, ^hinnc Hhav Put a thing away Recline upiin iieefafail Rend Refidr I^fe up Ro'.u with oars Ruh a thintt Sail * • Scrape a thing Scratch Search for a thinz hi Send ^ ' Sew, or filing Shake a thing Atcte Atomo Anoho Tecpy Mac Mocroa Tooroorc, moc Aticoi [\hairoo Hlparoopiroe Paraou Fmarc Tootooa Hohora Nonec-c Roromic Tatahy Atcarenona VVahce, te dirrc Worcedo Fou, fou Pcero, jKcro Teetceo Atoo Otcote Aboonc Ho.onic Ewkaapoote ran Evcvctto Eiooyaoo Hahy, whatte ' Ewhacc tc boa laoia EvaraloMha Amahooa Harrcwai Mynccna Ty I'atahc, Tatahy Uoatittc, Fta Hoodccpecpc Ooahoe ' Tawccrce Ectc 'latum , Erooy Ana, arra. Era Avouoia Fkooapccpc Mare Etrac \U iioa^ a, \M^ Evocc Mapoo Ohcmoo ' Eamou, amoo Horocc Hamamma ■ % l\.iV.tl'l ft t\ Shiver Sink I •, Sit do'iiin Ditto crvf Ifg^cJ Sleep DittoJ,,e U„g j,^^ Ditto (whenJittinA Smell f . "' Snatch Soften Speak Spill ,a Spit Spread out Sfueeze hard Ditto gently ^tamp, or trample thing Stand up Startle Steel To Slink, orfmefl iff Ditto (as excrement) Stool (to ^0 to J Stop Su, {• {like a child) Sui . ounJ ' SUillloW Take care of the vicluals Ditto off, or unlccfi Ditto a friend by the hind Tear a thing Tend hogs Throw, or heave a thint Ditto {a lame) Ditto {a ball) Throw a thint avjy Tickle ^ ^ Tie a kntt Trample upon Tremble or Jhake vjitb i-h Turn ciouf Turn Twijl a rcpe '.' * Vnderjiand Undreft Vomit Wake C awake) Walkout Walk backwards wards Wajh Watch l!''cep, or cry Whet, or Jharpen Whijlle Whifptr, or backbite W„:k Wipe {clean a thing) ] PaxticicsJ and J'.' LflOK's SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the Stutb Siwfic Round the IVorU. z 1 1 Particles. Li AwaiwPecree^i y,rro.Tecdiraro I,mco |J,eira,No,reid* I ^ fc, atlJoo Aoure. Ace. lUKli Admiration (an interjellion) Above All Alone Before (in optoJHioH to be- hind) Between Belvw Cm oppojition to above) Ditto {Hnde"- ■■•lb, or/arbe- lowj Day, to day Eight t'our From f there ' Ditto i^xiithtut) ■ i I Dilts Cbf/irr) ! ' //<»// Immedialcly Morroiv (/o) Diiio {the day after to) Ditto {the/econd day after to) Night (to day at nigbt, or to ttit^til) ■ ■ , Nine '■ i i . ' '■'■ Nt One Over (mere than the quantity) Out Perhaps &vtn r j j ; j „ 6'/.v ' Surprize or admiration (an m- terjfilion) Ten There Three Tu-u . , Ci^r . ' - ., Under /aH ] ^ ' ' ;• /^ itbm ' -' '•• ' - — •- ?i( )'ijl,rday I'fjhrnigbt I I PHRASES ANu SKNTKNCBS. Tarappe, . — h . To tecknn a per/on zri.'h the hand, Taata horuaocr, I'ou are a grneroui man. tlcanianee, Hoy—afaniilur tc/y of /peaking. Atccra, Ji.;.' 4fcf. tt It rwu^b. Or ibeK it »f tiurt. Karccwai, fo bide the face, at when ajbamed. Ehoa, Friend— (it u-ay of tuldrrHin^ aflianger.) Eapttr, -f fiinlaliein to a particular friend, Atuoliianw), ; ••,*■' ^ •' ' ikim»tr il tut. f 3 S f. ^f ; Manioo, '. H ':■ *^ ll'J\Mrto>.£ue, bejih ■', or quiet, Tchanooe, Ujv J) y'Ai (/". or Imv /j // with you f \'aih:ro, >; A •- 1 ■/ to yvinclf, .. •'■; -i A'lcoa, My leg:: ache, or are tired. '' Edma te tarcca. To prick up l/.'s e-irs. ■ ' Harreneina, To -jialk quicUy, I Enara, « ^- - ; ., _ , Sheiv il me. Hoina, ' Siiic/I it. Neeatc otoo te parou no nona, Hefpeaki not from his heart, hi: zcords arc only on l.ij rps. Ateearenona, Stand lip. '.'_ ' Arcea, Arccana, .' i 7 ir. Stay, or vail a little. \' I ... ■ Taiiitaa, Shall I ibrn:: it .•* Popocunoo, A little twit, afmall fpace. Tainoo, -. 4 long time, a jt^fait trbilr. -. ,,■ '- - Arccana, X ■ , -. ;,: M^ail, If ay a Utile. T ._ •' •- Wour.l, wooara, f'\U reco. red, or -i;dl efaped, Pooroton, // IS luell, charming fine. Ehara, Kharya, '\'chaeca, fHjat's that!' Cnifiifili-jilyJ. I I Owy tc accoa, j ffhttt do yoit call 0at f What is the name of il f I j . . ^ • Whcfa, ' ' " ■ ' "" H^Lm * at ichat lime .■" Tchca, It here i> it f Owy, tanna, Owy nana, Who IS that? -.ihat is he called? , , . . Aefoo, I j Ifill I mt do It ? (expn-ffcd angrily) \ I Ton, taniic, ' She is a ntrned'vonum, jhe has got another hifiand. T.VBLEJ, E.\PLAN ATiON of the forcgoinj^ anil following T.\ fo far as rcf[H;cbthc pronuncutiunof the words. Whitevcr ruks in.iy ^ . laid (fown for prcncuncing a living languaj^r, they can he of little fcrvitc to a per- f«n drnrous o* fpenktof; th* fame with purity: that pronunciation bcinj.^ Ixll, if not only aitaincci, by living in the country, and a friendly communication with the natives. However, for the bctt»r undcrd«iidiiig the language in thefe tables, we Ihall inakc a few oblervations on the powers oi the \owcIs, viz. A. is founded the fame as A long in th< EngliOi tongue, «s in the word (jw^c/,- e has three powers, and has the fame iimplc fountk as in the woid* ehquenic, bred, then. I. in the middle of words, founds like t «t vowel in the word indolence. Sometiincs it is reprcfented by v. And foinctimei by the proper diphthong ee. O, is often cxprclled by lo, and founds the fame hs in the v/ordt good. V. il gcncnlly cxprefi'cd by eu, and has % long and ihatt found, m in the words uttily, umhage. 7'. In tSr middle or end of words, founds like ;, as by, my. But Ixlorc a vowel, or at the beginning of a word, it il a confonant, as in the Englilh words v^x.vW/. The diphthongs ee and co are proper, and make but one fimple ^jund. ^,i£%f :^'i; 'l: t: ■r. ij,: r^!|t iiil m 'J'i.,S. :> >'i . '■■*'■,■ ,.'lt! 'il ■ f! • If 'tt' TABLE 212 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. c« (4 u ^2 HHO bO r "a, SM' v tU^'i^-i'j w c 1 c i 8 8| e ooo6 X o 8o8 o > 0:*^ E c c c 5 tii" U f/i bJ 1/5 J< 3 3 2 60 '3 a. OS " b. w S « E S rt V- I ^ y c " « « ?. s c 5 I §" I Bji 1 a §0 .y 9 *- « c 11 S-2J W cq wo .5 OS CO 5 o I iw 52 N 2 V 8 2^s^ U2 S.ii.^ S 2|2S^ S-i< 13; 20 2 3 3 III I ^ ill lulls A nil A II II c " H;3h:^x Kh^.''i i i.sij' .m r^Qj^'g SECOND VOYAGE— for making Di/ctmerUs in the 6'oa/-6 Seas & Round the ^or/^. 2 1 3 ftheBARKElJDEAVOUR'sOpFicERsandPASSENGERsinCapt.CooK's First Voyage round theWoRLO* OrficERS, &c. nander, icntcr, . ^< ytr's Mate, jf^iptnan, Diitc litto. oil's Mate, Names. Capt. James Cook, 2d Lieutenant Zdcbariah H'uks, •3d Lieutenant John Gore, Robert Molineux, John Gatheray, WilHam ^latterly, John ThomfoHy Stephen Forwood, WilliamBrouphamMonhhoiife, Charles Gierke, Richard Picker/gill, /llexander Weir, John William Hootie, Jonathan Monkhoufe, Patrick Saunders, Jumet Ma^ra, alias James Mitria Matra, FiiiHiii iVilkinjln, Ifaac George Mauley, William Perry, Richard Orton, or I'ui Icr's Steward, Willittm Dawfon, •u: ot Marines, [^p,vs Clerk, John t^dj^ecumbe. Their fubfeqiient Fortunes, or what became of them. Killed on his third voyage, then a Poft-captain. Died homeward bound, after leaving St. Helena. Now a Poft captain in Grcenwich-hoCpital. Died homeward bound, after leaving theCapcof Good Hope. Died of a flux (hortly after leaving Batavia. Ditto. Ditto. Now or lately gunner of the Achilles, of 64 guns. Died afhore at Batavia. Died on the fourth voyage, a mafter and commander. A lieutenant of the royal navy, drowned by accident in the Thames, Drowned outward bound at Madeira. Died of a flux after leaving Batavia. Ditto. Left the fliipat Batavia, and (tied there foon after. Since conful of the Canary Iflands. Died at Dcptford fbon after his return. A lieutenant of the royal navy. Navy lurgeon, loft on Scilly, in the NanCy Packet from India. A purfcr of the royal navy. Ditto. Now a captain. PASvSENtJERS Joftph Banks, Efq; pj'lulllHll ')f M Biiib, Dnoincr, The piefcnt prcfidcnt of the Royal Society, now Sir Jolcpli. Dr. Ihtnlfl Folander, Died lately in London. Hcrnuin Ditdrich Sporeing, A Swccd, died of a flux after leaving Batavia. kin/on, A C^aker, ditto. 'uin DicncfR», nitcrunts, &c. Namci. > v.;-i^:ook. . :•: 51 rJ Mickcrfgill •^X^.«^H ' ';.rt . Cooper. Ch.< \' ■■ CKrkc. ^1 Wrr, Jofepii '., idtrt. ^H niUiin, James Cray. ^^1 jrpc liter, James Wallis. lit. S Males iJlhi|i' P it . \W : '■' *■ ■i^i^> Mm tmm ■mp i Ik f lut No. «5. !« Lit; .-iSK . V j„ 214 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Lisr of the ADVENTinE'sOFFicERsand Men in Capt. Cook's Skcond VoYAut Round the Wor The adventure. Ofkicek>, 6cc. Ciptain, Lieutenants, Martcr, 15oaiI\vain, Car} enter, Gunner, Surgeon, M..(h.' 's Mate,., Midlhipinen, Siiim-.)n\ Mate, Captain's Ck I k, Mailer at Anus, Corporal, Names. i'nbias Furneaux, Arthur Kemp. Jole|,li .Slunk. I'eti r Fannin. EJward Johns. Willum'Offord. Anitrcw (iloag. Thomas Andrews. 4 2 I I 1 Armourer i Mate I Sail-maker I " ' Mate I Uoatfwain's Mates a Carjientcr's Mates 2 Gunner's Mate i t^arpcnter's Crew 4 t-'o()k I Mate I Quarter Mailers ,j Able Seamen " jj I .leuti :iant of Marines James Scott Seijeant i C'lirporal i Drummer i Privates g m *»■" Ilavinp; prepared ■x Complete Narr ative {Uom Dupl'icates c\^ the Ori]r! '10/ Journal Is of fevcral Ojf!,\■ Vov \GK, the i'Jili.is of this Complete COl.I.KtyriON of Rerhtrk.ihle Voyaoks ism nd hi; Wopm), tliounhtj their duly to Ccm,f>jre it with all the different accounts hitlicrto publiilicd of tliat (7(f/f/'r.;/<'i/ Cov.';!', merdvl cnrrecl an) cii eumllancc which mif^Iit have be-n placed in vaiious pitiins of view by the fcveral writers, tk iJi/flie>!t iciitiaris ot this Wiyajje, as already given to the public, by i'.-jans, Kei^-lny, Af-jore, Elli'. '> '.:■.,,/,•,, &c. 6^c. t<'nether with thcfe ptibliJheJ \\\ Mii^^.izii: j and Nr:.--f:ipets, as «ell as the V.diliom pul'.'i,!'.- J l-^ ,j £/i./;V(//c./t(> the Lords of the. 7;tr,ri. ejc/j othi-r vt/y m,ileiiii//y, l)iit alio to vary in fi ' c very important points fmm the nuviujiripts and Wd.'tru/,-, \vlii< Jiave f inniliied c.v c'.i.ii aaouiit. — Wc think ii '• ' i""- therefoie to bellow /^"\' time, and conJi(L-rjl>,', ;.;„.., ime/Jiirate the incorjijlcmics here alluded to, in ■. " it wc may be enabled to piclcnt to our vcrv^ivii.rJ ftibfcribeis, and the Tublic, ^in the cwrfe of thii •:•.. luoil^) wli it wc pledj.;cd ourlilves to tio in ( jrPrcn. fals, \iz. to give a A'rty, authentic, full, ?in A complete .u count of Vmok\ Last VovAtif. to the i'ji;//i O.imi.. J wliieh will contain ,;// the /,/.7j, incidents, cinti (ircumllaincf, it^iated in the vm^ll Jcdtvc Voyaj;cb, ivc. >)| 3 IV- • A N '^ ^>A\\ . :..^... i iii!.| 1 iiH»i.i''ji h 11 SEW, AU Mhll In his I For m: aking I n genuine Ace ilib a Survey riofities. tl'' (■,,., IN/''"'"! J ;/;■(>'•'•'•''./ lihrn.!',"'"' h.nboHi- '/ /< ///.■, d'.'.' '*< /.j.TjHM, /<;'• (/If inh.il'itii A.D. •t'''^ J rcign.by p.ii rits m I lie II plurf; ^ni ^ untion, I'"'" ting a urcit I pnfw In 1 1 dablc iUli|^ whiili, 1)11 I M lit out I Ut^'Mr, ton Dc.iphiu W9 three licutci IxwrJ i the three lieiiti The hiir-tn niul the coi to C >pt. W lor the pi hiilictio u \i 4 , , ^.ij,^ a j^TEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE ACCOUNT and NAPvRATIVE, of Ia voyage Round the WORLD, UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMED By the Hon. Commodore (now Admiral) BYRON, In his Majefty's Ship the DOLPHIN, accompanied by Capt. MOUAT, in the Tamar Sloop. l' N D E R T A K E N PRINCIPALLY For making Difcoverics in the Southrrn Ocean, between the Cape of Good Hopr and the MAciii.LANic SpRAirsi And Containing, among a Variety of other intcrclHng Particulars, Lgenuinc Account of the Straits of Magellan, and of the gigantic race of People called Patagonians ; allba Survey of revcial Illands difcovcrcd in 'he Southern Heinifphere; tcgctlier with a minute, cir- cuinllmtial, and full Dclbription of the fev(.ral Place:. People. Aninials, Vegetables, and Natural Cu- riolitics, difcovered and fccn in the Courfc Oi" this rcmariv-ble Voyage; whicii was begun on the 3d of Hy, 1764, and completed the 9th of May, 1766, containu.~ :-. Pc.iod of more than Twenty-two Moiith.s i>"J included in the Years 1764, 1765, and 1766. CHAP. L lii .r.i 3i(iry prtptiratkns ni^J:, and precautions uf;il,for th'n nyiif^e — Names nf 1 he ttuo Pj'tps, number of m'>i,&c. Ci' r.i"ill^iiiui previo'/s to I'nijling the broad penJant, and our Jetlinf^f,iil—The Dolphin lakes in her guns at Ljon^ Reach, a: lit ll'cre jclned by tl>,- T.imar Frij^ate—Jhey fail frum the D'avis, end arrive iit Vlymoiith — Anchor in the Sounds P.I Jji^^r from Plymoulh to Madeira — Ob/ervaticns en thtt i/laiui — Run from hence to Ht. 'J'lgo, one of the Cape de Verd i:!(iiid',aiid anchor in P:.'t Rrawi- -Obfervations on thei/hind and port — They make the coaji of Brazil, and enter the h.irkur of Rio de Janeiro — Olfervations— Departure from ll is port, buwid, as we thought, to the Eajl Indies — Orders rUile k'lo-.un, whit h were to ga on difcox'eries to the South Sea— The Dolphin and Tamar male Cape Blanco, Pen/ruin H; a'ld the harbour of Port Dcfin- — The DJphin i". danger of benn lo/l at this lajl place— Obfervatioits on lie harbour and ad/atent country — Departure from Port Dcfire injearch if Pepy's Ifland — Anchor on the coaJi of Pa- t.iy.nu\, ten leat^ue! within the mouth of the Straits of Magellan — A'l ai 1 aunt of the extraordinary Jlalure of feme cf th( i'lital'ilants ken there — Proteed up the Straits of Miigetlin to P«it Famine— An account of the harbour, coajl, and inhjhitanls — A ilffription of the country, particularly the V)',ods, anl the beautiful Sedger — Favourable and f.i>fi'<.\ iircuni/lancet during our Jlay here. TTIS prcfcnt Majerty, very eariv in life ' ■ '■ '^ JlI tonncd a plan (or ililUnguiihmg his rcign, hy paii()i>i/.ing the profccution of New DitVovc- rics in ihc unknown regions of the Southern Hcniil- nh.rc; and we have been told, that he declared his in- tintmn, fi'on after he i amc to the crown, of appropria- tiiiL'aiiicit part of his revenue for that particular pur- pnl^'. In 1 7t>4, orders were given for carrying this lau- (l.itilc dilign into execution ; in confr()uenrc of *hi(h, on the iSth of April, preparations were made to lit out the Dolphin Ihip of war, and rhc Taimr ii\\'W, for a llippolcd voyage to the Ivill Indies. The Dulphiii was a iixth rate, mounting 24 guns, and had three lieutenants, {7 prtty ofliceis, and 1 50 feamen a7.c, and lalhcd along lide the Sluer 1 lulk. As ihe Dolphin had t.tkcn the gtuund, the Micn on lw.il d weie, according to oniers, eiiiiiloyiii in getting out il.cguns and booms for dock- ing ; it being ihoiii;hi adMltuble to exaii.ine it flic had fuli.iMud .inv dam.ige, w lien it appeared, that the lliip had hajijiily not recuvcd any hurt. On the jSih flic came out ot liixk, and having replaced her guns and flores, we failed into the found, where wc mtwrcd, and found the laiiiir lying between ihc illand and the mam, h.iving unhung her ru.idcr, to lepair lomc fmall damage fhc liad hillamed. V\ hile we remained at Ply- iiuiiiih, cur men receiveii two months pay advance, in Older tixn.ihlc them to purchalc ncccllarics -, a piivi lege granii d to all his M.ijetly's llup-i hound to dillant )H)it.s ; at »hich time the inhabitants on fhorc have the liberty of coming on board to lirli them fliirts, jackets, and trowdis, which are leiined flops. After a flay of four days, the honourable John Byron, our Commo- dore, hoi icd hii broad pendant, he iKing, as was rc- porteel, ajipointed commander in chief of all his Ma- jcfly's (hips ID the Rill Indies. Immediately upon this a lign.^1 v\as made for failing, by firing a gun, and luof- iiig our top lails. w hich being fcr, and another gun tired, we KKik oui dopartute trom Plymouth, on the jd of July, having his Majcfty's frigate the Tamir in com- pany. On Wcdnefday thc4th of July, wcfliapedourcourfe, with a hue brce/e, for the ifland of Madeira, during which run, we had the vexation of obferving, that our confort was a very heavy failcr. On Thuifday the i2ih, in the evening, we dcfcricd the rocks near Ma. dcira, called the Dcferts, from their defolaic appear- ance ; ind on the 1 ^th we came to anchor in Fun.- chialc liav ; fo named from the great abundance of a beautiful kind of fennel that grows on the fliorc. it is on the fouth part of the ifland, and at the bottom is the c4iy of itie fame name, feateti on a fmall plaia, from which three rivers run into the fea, forming an ifland called Ixjo Rock, it being entirely barren. Upon this is placed a cidtle, and the town is alfo defended by a high wall, and a battery of cannon. This ifland i^ compofed of one continued hill, of a conlidcrabic height, extending from eafJ towcfl; the declivity of wb't^^h on the (()uth lide is intcifpcrfcd with vineyards) an.J in the midll of this flu|:e arc the country-uau of i the merchants, which add greatly to the beauty of profped. The air is fo tempc-atc, that the inhabi feel httle inconvenience from heat and cold the k!!' ing here a perpetual fpring, which produces UoffZ" and fruit throughout the year. The foil is fo f | that it products more corn than any of the adi iflands, of double th-; extent. The grafs (hoots JdI" high, that they are obliged to burn it; and when th plant fugar canes in Ihc afhcs, in flx months time th^^ will proeluce a confiderable quantity of fugar Th' ifland abounds with fine cedar-trees, and a!itin(^ m kinds of rich fruits, particularly grapes, as large as common plumbs ; but all the fine fruits are too lufti "' to lie CiltC" i""*"!! crr^-it fM\tr%t\t-'tt\iy T"!..*. __i^:. ^' to maket... „v - „ ... .„^ „,„,.,: m,, ..,^,. -•n many great quantities. The natives arc (Z the belt fweet-meats in the world : thcv e»cri too in prefervmg oranges, as alfo in making n'unm lades and perfumed palles. The fugar made he,, IS not only remarkably tine, but has the fmcll \ violets ; and the wine of this ifland will keep bett m long voyages and m hot countries, than thatotanv other place in the i^nown world, on which actou/t great quantities of it are Ixjught up for the ufcot fhini and exiHirtcd to the NVefl Indies. I'heir convents have a venerable appe.u.iiue, from their age and llructurf Some of the nuns belonging to them are handlome' and, at particular hours, have the liberty of convcrlin? with fl I angers, through a double barred grate. 'l|,(,, chief em|)le>yment conhfls in making curious tlowfr,of all forts, little balket.t, ;.nd other tiinkets, in nccdjf. work, which they tell to their vifitors, and the nioncJ IS appropriated to the ufc of the convents. Notwitli. flaiuliiig the extraordinary fertility of the illamf, pro! villous of all kinds are very dear, theinhabita tslmJ chiefly on fruit and roots. rhere arc fomc hikr, and fowls, but they cannot be procured witlicutgfMt dithculty, except by way of exchange for old cioiihi which, m whatever condition, or of whatever kind, ate eageily fought altir by the jioor among the na!n,j. While we continued here, we wcrefupplicd withfuflj iKcf, \try indiHeient of the kind, as their bul'cukj cither from want of fwcet pafturc, or from nature, arc lioth lean, and under the common li^e. On ourarrual in the road of ruiichialc, we found the lernt and Crown Hoop I) ing at anchor, who faluted our Cum. moilore on his hoifling the broad pendant, the foiiaifo returned our falute w ah eleven guns : and on the 14* (ajmmodore Uvion waited on the governor, by whunl he was received vtith great politciK-fs ; and on the day following the governor returned his vilit at the houfc of the conlul. Having taking in our water, wine, and other refrefhmentu, lor the ule of both the lliips com- panies, on the 1 9th wc began to prepare for provccding on our voyage. On Friday the 20ih, wc took leave of the governor by firing eleven guns, which compliment he returned from the citadel ; and at three o'clock, A. M. »c weighed anchor and fct fail, in company with his M.i. jcfly's Ihips the Crown, Ferrit and Tamar. It is ob. fervabic, that in leavmg this ifland fliips art in a man- ner becalmed, till they get four or five leagues to the leeward ; where they arc furc to find a brilk trading wind. The next day wc made the ifland of I'.iimj, one of the Canaries. Wc now prted company with the Crown and Fcrrir, and, on the aad, fjioke with hit M.ijefly"s fliip Liverpool from the tail Indies, by whom wc fent letters 10 Fngland. This day we examined out watcr-caflts, and concluded we were unilcr a nccelTity to touch at one of the Cape dc Verd illaiuis for a frelh fupply. On the i6th, our water being foul ami flinking, wc were obliged to have rccourfc to a kind of ventilator, which forced the air through the water in a continued ftrcam, whereby it was purified. On the 27th, in the morning, wc made the ifle of Sal, oncoi the Cape dc Verds, when obferving fcveral turdcs on the furfaceof the fea, wc hoifted oufour boats, in ordct to flrikc fomc of them, but they alldifappcared bclorc uur people were within reach of them. Indeed wc haJ little chance of catching any forts of fifli, for none of the finny tribe would come near the fliip, bccaufe (he was dicathcd with copper. On On Nh'"***'' ^\ L.iO.iiid"''^'- d-r, about.";; Uf^-^"'"'t-' r •'. on «hieh ,;>hol Alll^ufl. ,„,!,em'inthotI ,„olt iruitl"' of a I ,,h;bnaing its 1 u'snotonlyproi ,„.,ins. belKles K niiJcs the goveri ,.,,(,riellsaren| m,t of !h= "\ ' ihitis to forty h iKicnt to cover I l„Uu:-s, and th. ,„j,j;cnt «'retrhe. ^,,,cs flock Iror kinds of P'^'^'"" tkuths, particul liArt whic, an „« be provided .(tie, fu"'. »"'* Jut, however wi ,ht liift vie*. I (rem the fertility jincj, but what 1 juKuricjof life, fupply of vvattr Booud. fign»' On Thurfday, W.andputioft after, the fcorchi ihf health of ou down in fevers, the uimoft care 1 ihcmfclves, beto Sth »c loft a B0< ihc lamar caint awav. In 'hcfe in iileniv, but w u:v.niehdilipp' On f hurlilay I'jpi- Kno, on 1 „. i.vjth latituil .^iiiide from Lo rmrrcd the har in cii'hteen fat' yK.'liilfS. ai I'lr-loil, prefer li.ic, at the lou' ihi' i.ngelt in tl aiW. N. W.ai N Dnthc ^ rin ill iHtwecn mile frmn the I v.iih eleven gii: Oiii lirl\ care \ |iu- lliips coinp oi iliem. cfpei tiiidv made its (111 the 19th, «ho received arms: the nob \,u 0, Willie I 5 liu;: his excel wj^ received 1 phin, in a mar oeealion all li: yards with thci ' Nu. 26. (jMMODORE BVRON'sVOYAGE— foriuakiiig DifLoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 217 n, \Iond«y the lOth, at tuo o'clock P. M. wc law ' I nt St h""; a"d at three came to an an- *'' iut a n.ilctromthc Ihore. in the biy culled 1'''"'',; ' in nine liithoius water, having tainted a r""il Inrtihration behinymg to the I'ortumiele. who re- I the compliment. At this time it was near the filon which, when lit in. renders this harbour 1^'"" nlatt- for a roliini; 'well Irotn the iimthward J frii'htliii I'lirf on the (liorc, and every hour a In miv' be expected, which at times is very lu- I nul"'' I "'" and "lav produce fatal confe.^uences to Ihm- """!'. on which account no vcllel coims here atier the I P'"'' , ;\ii,ruH 'ill the rainv I'lMCon is over, which it , "'."month of November. St. ja^^o is the largell and '" truiiful of all .he Capede Vcid IHands; andnot- ! ""■' ijndin« its bcinf; rocky and mountainous, the val- r not onlv produce Indian corn, but fruits of various I I- and plf»iy "' cotton. The iiland has iour ?,k' bdidcs Ribeira (irande, the capital, in which '" [he covcrnor. Ov.odonc. and biiliop. Moil ot li IlS trie iLU¥vi !»*•• I — ■ • I I ; nriclls arc negroes, as indeed arc lar the (jrcafca , of :he mhabuants. there being only about three P" .. .„r,^. hl.i( ks. who have fcarce cloaths fuf- Thcrc arc but few I ,„cnt to cover their nakedncls. Ijcs and thole, to outward appearance, are moll Vent wretches. A Hup no fooncr arrives, than the '"'tvcs flock from all parts of the iiland with different Us of provdiona; and thefc they exchange lor old Lh< particularly black, on which they fct the h^hclV value, and for a nKre iriHc of that kind, you ij» be provided with a fulficicnt quantity of turkeys, "'(If ffuit, and other ncceiVary articles of fea-ftock. L however wretched thefc people may appear at iht'litft view, ihcv live in the greatcll plenty, and ton the fertility of the foil, enjoy not only the ncccf- (»nci but what in other places would be ellccmed the luxuricj of life. Having by this time got on board a fupply of water, frefti provtiions. and fruit, wc un- ! rnoorcd, lignil having been made for our dcpr- , On Thurfday, the and of .\uguft, wc got under I til.jnd put to lea, with the Tainar in compny. Soon iftcr, the fcorching heat, and untcaflng rain, alFciiled iht hulih of our crew, many of whom began to fall , down in fevers, notwithllanding the commodore took [ thcutmoll tare to make the men, who were wet, fliift ihcmfclvfs, before they laid down to deep. On the ith »c loft a good deal of way, by (hortening fail till ihi I'amar came up, who had her topfail yard earned j*av. In thefc hot latitudes, tbips generally take fifh in ii!cntv, but «e were not able to catch one, the caulc DiUuhdilappointment, we have already noticed. On rhiirlilav, the 1 1 th of September, wc defcrictl Dpi' Frio, on the coal! of Braid, in the 13d degree „! Kvjth latitude, and the 42nd deg. 20 mm. W. lon- j,i!;i,lf frnni London. The next day, about noon, wc riiirrcd the harbour of Kio de Janeiro, and anchored m ciiihtecn fathoms water, tort St. Acroufe bearing i. I'., half S. a remarkable peak, in the form of a fu- r.r-|i)af, prefenting iilclf to our view on the larlwaru ii.if, at the fouih by calf, and Snake's Iiland, which is i!u' l.ngcif in the harbour, appearing clofc by th: town ji \V. N. W. and the uorth end of the town at W. half \ On the ^th, we received a pilot on board, and nn in Intwecn the i!l.m>l and mam, noi a quarter of a mili; from the llinrc, and at noon lalutcd the citadel i.iihdcvfn guns, which wcic immediately returned. Oiii full care was to get on lio.ird Irefb provifions for i'h lliips coin|Mnie«, whirh began to l)e in great want lit ihcin, cfpecially of greens, the fcutvy having al- ti.itlv made iis appearance among the men on board. (liiilic ii)th, our Citimmndorc vilited the governor, Mhii received him in ll.ite, putting the guard under arms; tlic nobility ronduOtcd him to the viceroy's pa- lno, while 1 5 giMis were liied in honour of the Uritilh till,-; his excellency alierwards returncti the vifit, an 1 wji received by the Commodore on boai-d the Dol- phin, in a manni:r tunable to his high lank. On this (Kvalion all hands manned the lliip, landing on the I yards with their arms extended jull M touch each other! ' No. 26. and a falute was given with 15 guns, which was re- turned by an equal number fiom the citadel. On the 9th of Oclober, Lord Clive, in the Kent Indiaman, paid C^ommodoit Byron a vilit, vhcn he likewife re- ceived the fame compliment, both at his coming on board, and his going away. 'I'he tame day a pilot came on board to cundu(;i: ua into the road, and at fix o clock F. M. wc weighed, and let our fails; but having little wind, wc were obliged to come again to an anchor, and wait till the next morning, during which time wc had an opportunity of making a few obfervations on the harbour, which feems capable of receiving an hundred fill of Ihips in good anchorage, with futlicicnt room for them to ride in fafety. The town of Rio dc Janeiro is commodioufly featcd at the back of Snake's iiland, which being not above five hundred yards from it, commands, Jrom the fortifica- tions ercc;ted on it, every thing that can pofiibly come to annoy the town ; and there are Ibveral other iflands at the entrance foitified with different batteries. Thefc loit.fications appear fo formidable in the eyes of the Fortuguele, that they ate lb vain as to think, the whole power of Europe would not be fufiicicnt to deprive them of their poirefTion j yet we may fafely afiirm, that lix fail of our men of war of the line would be able to deftroy all their batteries in a lew hours. From the 1 5th of September to the \ 8th of Oftoberj our men were employed m watering, wooding, caulk- ing, &c. We had lix Portugucfe caulkers to afTift our carpenter, who were paid at the rate of fix fhillings fletling per diem, though it is certain, that one of our Englilh caulkers would do as much in one day, as they could do in three ; but though flow and inadive, they {xrlorm their work very completely. In this port the air IS rctrcflicd by a conllant fucccllion of land and fea- breezcs ; the former comes in the morning, and con- tinues till towards one o'clock, and foon after is regu- larly fuccccdcd by a Iffong fca-brceze. Thefc contri- bute to render the port very healthy and picafant, and arc jullly cHeemed fo falutary, that the negroes term the fca.brccze the Dodtor. The foil of Brazil is generally fertile, it producing a variety of lofty trees lit for any ufe, many of them unknown in Europe 1 and the woods abound with rich fruits, among which are a con- fiderable number that are neither known in Europe^ nor in any parts of America. Oranges and lemons grow here in as great plenty, as nuts in our wtxids in £ng- land. The fugar-canc Hourifhcs here in the utmoll pcrfedion, and great quantities of excellent fugar, in- digo, and cotton, arc exported from hence into Eu- rope. Great quantities ot gold are alfo found by the flavcs, numbers of whom arc employed in fearching lor It in gullies ol torrents, and at the bottom of rivers ; and this country is alio tamous lor its diamonds. With refpecl to the animals of Brazil, all the horfes, cows, dogs and cats are laid to have been brought from Eu- rope : among thofc natural to the country are a great variety of monkeys, Peruvian fliccp, deer and hares 1 th: racoon, the armadillo, the flying fquirrcl, thcguanOt the ofKilfiim, th«' ant-bear, and the floth. Among the fowls arc many parrots, prroquets, macaws, and other birds remarkable lor the beauty of their plumage 1 with a great variety of tinging birds, and fcveral fpecies of wild gecfe, wild ducks, common poultry, partridges, wtxxi-pigcons and curlieus. However, the country of Brazil is no lefs remarkable for the multitude, the va- riety, and incredible lizc of its fnakes, and other vcno-> mous reptiles. In Kiodc Janeiro the viceroy is in- veiled with the fame jxjwer over the natives, as the king *'/ of Portugal enjoys over his iubjeds in Lifbon. The inhabitantci, who are of a brown complexion, have a ' great number of ntgro Haves, which they purchal'e ia • the public markets, where they arc chained two and: two together, and gen' rally driven round the town to »». be cxpofed to view. Tl women here are very fwarthy^ }>, and have difagrceable features ; but thofe of a fupcrior rank are leldoin fccn, as they are never fuHercd to gd ^ out of doors but by night. I'he Portugucfe are natu-, - rally of ib jealous a diluofltion, that llrangcrs, merely hf '~' looking at their won incur their refentmcnt, and are 3 I ^ . . iii' Wvt n' mM 5 >. : H r, U . :'.ny ; but when tiiai of each mlier, tliey feparate by mutual Con- knt, and tlicn tndoavour ui find out another paramo«ir to iupply the place of the former. As foon as the evening appnMches, the Portiiguefc of this city go thiir romd.s, and enter ll^«)n Iccnes of' debauchery, which wc mav venture to ati";rm are as frequent and fla- gitious as thole between the inhabitants of Lilbon. Rio dc |.ineiro ij fcatcd near the fidc'of a numt>cr of high hills, from whence to the fouthi^rd is a very large aquc- dud, which fuppiies the whole to«n with water. This aqueduct, which extends arrols a deep valley, conlilts of above fifty an hes placed in two rows, one upon ano- ther, and in fomep;ms rile upwards of a hundred yards from the bottom of the valley. By this means the wa- ter is conveyed into two fountains, from whence tlie inhabitants fetch all they want. Thtfc Hand oppolite the viceroy's palace, which is a (lately Hone building, and the only one in the whole city ihat has windows; the other houfes in the town having iinly lattices. At the further enu of the palace Hands the jail for crimi- luls, which from its flructurc, and the multiplicity of its iron grates, is lar from adding any beauty to the palace, to which it joins. The churches and the con- vents are extrenjcly magnificent, and calculated to Ihike the palTions of the people who refort to ihein. On the altar pieces, arul other parts of thofc llrucfures, are many fine figures of our Saviour, the Virgin Mary, the Afx)lfies, and other faints. In thefe churches a great number of friars and monks of different oriteri> aie conlfanilv employed to celebrate mals to as many as happen to aireintilc ; the churches being always open, and wax ta|Krs kept continually burning ; whcix c, in palling by thefe lli'.ictur^s, all thofc of their (icrfiMlion pay due revtrcnre, by pulling oil" their hats, and crofling theinlelvcs, with every other token of refpect. In alniaft every coriKr of tfie llrccts afc niches, in fotnc of which are pbcrd crucifixes, and in others Ibtiic faint, drelfcd in linen and fUk, or othc( (lutfii. The cathedral and Jefuits college, which arc the nuitt magnificent buildings in this City, may be feen from the harbour, and form an agreeable diDant profpcd. \ contiderable trade is earned on here by a number of merih.ims who relidc in the city. Every year at Icalt forty or fifty fail of Qiips come from Lilbon, and different parts of the Unzils, belides fome fhipc that trade to Africa, and the fmall craft that frequent the neighbouring ports. The Europ;an Ihips bring lea- ther, linen, and woollen cloths, coarfc and fine bays, ferges, hais, Ifockings, thread, bifcuit, iron, hard- ware, pewter, and all kinds of kitchen furnitiire, with other comnimlities ; and in return carry from thence fugar, tobacco, fnulf, bralil, and other dying and me- dicinal woods, luHic, raw hides, train oil, &:c. With refpcct to their food, it muH he acknowletlgcd, that their beef is very indifferent, as through the exccflive heat of the weather, they are obliged to eat it ft»n alter killing, which ii performed in the fulluwing manner : they drive a numlKr of bullocks into an mt loled place, and then throwing a rope over that they intend to kiU, take him out from among the relf, and confine his head down by means of a rope, when a negro butcher coming behind him cuts the hamilrings of his hind legs, and when the bcaft falls, he (licks a knife in his head cxadly between his horns. Thcfc cattle are ib wild and unmanageable, that few, except negro but- chers, chufe to encounter them ; and yet they are To linall, that when the llvin, offal, ike. are taken away, they in general do not weigh more thrin two hundred and a half. Such arc the ingenious remarks of our joumalilV, who was an officer on board the Dolphin ; and our readers will, i^rhaps, remember, that wc have given a full and complete account of the Brazils, and Rio de Janeiro, in the 7th and fome of the following pages of this work. While we continued at the Brazils, yam? were fervcd to the (hip's company inflead of bread, at two pounds a day each man; but wc procured fugar, tobacco, and other commodities at a very reafonabic price r ■ and hogs are however very dear, the chief fotrf f 'I negroes being filh and Indian corn, the latter nf" l'*'*! •w-.. ....I....... :.. — — . .. .:.: - 1 - "' *hicl)l Of the I in the morning, aflllkd by the land-breetc '' ^" '"'^' they cultivate in great quantities, and plenty nf 1 former they catch out at fea, they having a cnnCi''"^! able number of Hfhing canoes, in which thcv I in the morning, atlllkd by the land-breetc, ^11^'"'^ we have before obfervcd, rifes regularly at'that " r and return in the evening with the fca-brcerc «h'T no Icfs invariable. In this port Ihey ha\e not om yard for building lliips, but a convenient illand «'■ "I they can heave down a vcflel of any fif.c. \ s ""I Sooth-feaman, was obliged to put into tfii'j tvjrt'^'^rh"''! wclayhcre, inordertohcavedown.andrrpairihcrti I Ihc had r.ilbincd. During our (fay, Conmirxlorc jl? 1 lived on lliore, having a commodious houlc the top of a hill to the northward, where the > lived on lliore, having a commodi'otis houfc liuir^ ^'' the top of a hill to the northward, where the vjccro "^ others paid hnn frequent vilits, and Ihcwcd hinuir'' rcfpcct, that a Itranger of his rank could polil' claim. '1 he lollowmf: piece of infomiation mlv C\ fervice to future navigarois, particulailv to thofc ni own nation.— "Ihc I'ortuguefe, at J.inciro, ptj , ' every artifice in their power 10 entice away tlic ic- ' from the Ihips which touch there; and if bv c "^^ or intoxicating them, they can get any men wjtk '' their power, they immediaicly fend fucli up tnc f,,,"' try, and keep them ihere till the f> ip to which thcvt^ long h.is left tl-c pl.icc. Hy thcfc arts, five nicnt, the Di>lphtn, and nine frrni the Tamar, were fiduc-H* the latter were recovered, but the former wercci* ' tiially leeieted." All hand} «ere now, being ihe ,t,|,'^^ Oclob(r, tmploycd to ccmplete 'he fitting; t|,(jjg|^; and Tanar for tea, havinj; ail the reaf-n (X)(!ibiciobfc lieve, that we were biiund to the t'^in-.ndies, andihiil wc (hnuld now priiccod t«» the Cape of Ci"oo)lphin, we being in much greater readii:fisij,| fea than the Kent, which had beliiics the niistcrtUMnl have many fick on board : but to this the ConiwoJoi I could not conlcnt; yet flattered hi.H lordihip uithifctl hojx-s of his taking him oit board on their inecip^ » I the Cape. '**' On Saturday, the soth, we left this port, indihtl coal! of Krazil, bound as wc thought for (hcC'irtutl Good Hope, but when at lea, by Ifcering to the luutk- ward, «e to our great furpri/.e found our millakciiKl on the jjnd, we were rtlie\e«i Ircin t nr ftifperce; l«| a (^gnal Ixing made for the n n.mander ol ike fjiw, frigate to come on board, he and ciur own rnttiKiiT were intbrmed, that the (iiiniodore'si.rders uu: in go on difcoveries into the Souili .Sea : a eircLir.lUwt that, from the manmr of uhuh it was reccivrd, Itr, nifltes the gre.iteff rrafon to believe, that no one 111 I board had before the lead iiotn e of tfc voy-ige in iilii.h they were now eng.igcd. To thi i infditn.Vidi i!>{ I Commotkire added, that the gooc behaviour oiour ' company, by oider of the lords \ i the Admiii!:», would be rewanled with double pav and other cir.;. luments. This declaration was received v.:thiiiarliioi the highcrt fatisfadion ; the crew proitiiled obtdicnu to the Commodore as to any orders he Iboidd gi\c, j:-ii exprelTed their willingnefs to do all in their pruuriof the fervice of their coiiniry. Sume French «riitri have given .i forced and very malevolent iiirn to iiiis)>f nerouB conduwt ; but the daiiiig fpirit wlmli ihara- tcrizes Bniifli feamcn is too well known, loranjrne to fuppofe, that an inrreafe of py was ntctiriry tii prompt them to do their duty in perilous fervice: n;iii the inllances of difintcrefted gcnernliiy which diftn.. guifli the BritiHi nation, cannot leave the true moim which a<5luated the board of Admiralty, whriiitthm didributed its bounty, any ways cquivocai, orcxpolird to the riiiifconnruiflion of invidious men. To imke the acquiefcence of the French failors, finder the in- attention of their government, when M. dc liniiginvillc failed round the world, an orcalion for caftin;; a rcfitf- lion on the F.nt^lifh failor'!, for the contrary cnnduftof government, in a (imilarcircumftance, be I peaks a fpt- cic« of mean liibtlcty, which can difgracc none but thslic im>> '1 V M* i f ' ■ ., "''■food Of? ' '**' not otii.. ■(«irihc(1,„.,.; ""■""• P'Ml,..! • """ "'thw ?'*'". 'ndtha, ""xl Hnpt ,1;, "? Pffflfit hiB, ■•■•'«'■ h" I'air.a f 'nis'criunti, ^c ConmH)Jo,J ''•""P »ithil« MODORK BYRON's VOYAGt — for making Dikoverks in the Southern Ocean, &c. ai 9 hn prailicc it. tnd which the fpiritrd rivalftiip <* "*oolilhcd nation does not countenance. T\loivi*y. the 29th, it blew a violent hurricane, Oi\y tttjrm we were obliged to throw four of tni Overboard. It continued all night, but fub- fontht morning of the 30th, when wc made fail, bcii« a"'"*'^ '" '^'''u^^ 35 «leg. 30 min. S. we ' A the weather exceeding coidj thou(ndon. I iHc more than a week before, wc had fulTered into- 1 bleheat, (0 that fuch a Tudden change was molf fc- ''".iJilt. ' The fcamcn, having fuppofed, that they '*" to continue in a hot climate during the whole *'",e had difpof"! of all their warm cloathing at the '^'*^»here*' Iwd touched, asalfo their very l)cddingi I ffl now, finding their iniftake, and being pinched hcoldi they applied for flops, and were turnifhcd *'' ' inreflarv articles for a cold climate ommodorc h the ncccflary articles for a cold climate. L Lfijav the ind of Novenilxr, the Ci I J frtdtothc lieutenants of both mips their comiiuf- h '* ihcy havmg hitherto aded only under verbal or- "tromhim. On the 4th, the Ihip was furiounded I ""'h vjft flocks of birds, among which were Ibme K,'»n and white, and feveral pintadocs, fomcwhat Urtcr ih»n pigeons. We alfo in latitude ;ji deg. ' ^un. S. and in j« deg. W. longitude, faw a quanti- ^ ot riKk weed, and feveral fcaU. On the loth, we LtivcJ the water difcolourcd; and the next day we Ljin for land, being in latitude 41 dee. 16 min. S. I ll in g-bank. Thcfe dtluiions are frequently oc- uiioncd by ridges of cloud*, and tbinetimcs, in the higher latitude , by an extraordinary quality o» the air, 10 be accounted for only by the doctrine of refradtinn. Oihcri have been equally deceived by thefe kind of lU )ulion«. The mafter of a vclFcl, not long fincc made ojih, that he had fecn an ifland between the weft end of Ireland and Newfoundland, and even diftinguiflied the KciJ that grew upon it; yet it is now well known, that no luch illaiid exifls, at ieaft it could never be found, though (cvcral Ihipt were afterwards fcntouton purpofe tofeekit. And Comnwdorc Byron was of opinion, (hat it the weather had not cleared up foun enough for ui to fee what we had taken for land difappcar, every man on board would freely . have made oatn that land had been difcuvered in this latitude of 43 deg. 46 min. S. aod in 60 deg. j min. W. longitude. Thii fiilfe appearance was luccecded, on Tuefday the i jth, by a (udden and tremendous hurricane. Notwithftanding the weather was extremely fine, in the afternoon the Iky grew black to windward, and a noifc wai heard, which rtrcmblcd the breaking of the fea upon a ihallow belch. The birds were oofcrved flyiiig from the quarter whence the ftorm iflued, and (hrieking through the apprchenfion of iti approach. It was not poinblc to iDike the nc^efla^ preparationa before it reached us, J i* The fea rolled on towards us in vaft billows covered with foam. Orders were inftantly given to hawl up the fore fail, and let go the main (heet t but before we could raifc the main tack, the Dolphin was laid upon her beams. We now cut the main taclc, for it was im- polFiblc to caft it off, upon which, the main (licet Uruck • down the firlt lieutenant, much bruifed him, and beat out three of his teeth. The main-top fail not being quite handed was fplit to pieces. The Taniar fplit her main-fail, but being to the leeward, flie had more time to prepare; and had not fulUcicnt warning been given by the agitation of the fea, the Dolphin mull have been ovcrfct, or her marts would have been carried away. It was the opinion ot all our people, that had this Uorta approached with lels warning, and more violence, or had it overtaken us in the night, the fliip muft have been loft. Our Commodore thought this gull ot wind more violent than any one he had encountered ; it lafted about twenty minutes, and then fublided. It blew, however, hard all night, and on the 14th, we had a great fwell. The fca alio appeared as if tinged with blood, owing to us being covered with fmall red cray- filh, of which great quantities were taken up in balkets by the lliip's company. On the 15th, our three lieutenants and the inafter were fo ill as to be incapable of doing their duty ; but the reft of our hands were in good health. Our latitude this day was 45 deg. 1 1 min. and longitude 63 deg. a min. E. On the 16th, wc Ibapcd our courfc for Cape Blanco, agreeable to the chart of it, laid down if\ Anfon's voyage 1 and after many hard gales of wind, on the 1 7th, wc faw the Cape, and for two days fttug- gled hard to reach Fort Deiire. Wc now ftood into a bay to the fouthward of the Cape, but could find no port. On the 20th, we made Penguin Ifland, anA aa Pqrt Dcfire was faid to be three leagues to the N. W. of it, a boat was fcnt out, and having found it we flood in for land ; and anchored four miles from the (bore. On Wednefday the ail,, we weigheJ in order to enter the harbour of Port Deiire i but found it very rocky, and not above a quarter of u mile from tide to fide. On our failing up, the wind was at S. 8. W. dire^ly in our favour, and the weather being remark' ably temperate, all our boats were round the (hip ; but on a fuddcn the wind came about to the N. Fi. which being dircdly againfl us, we made all pullible hafle t» get our fails furled ; but being within the harbour we could not return, and the tide of flood running with exccllive r:ipidity, wc were obliged to let go both anchors, and before we could bring her up, (he took the fliorr. - This was followed by a cold rainy night, rendered more melancholy and gloomy by the rcfledion, that the boats were all ilriven to lea, where every pcrfun in them would probably perifh, and that we ourfelves had no rcafon loexpedloiir ever getting ofl', as both the wind and tide were againfl us, but that we fliould be obliged to live, or perhaps pcrilh, on this defert craft of Patagonia, feveral hundred leagues to the fouthward of any Lluropean fettlement ; but at length, to our great joy, our twelve-oared barge providentially drove into the harbour, by which niknns the fhip was preferved, for without this timely alTlftance flic muft have pcriflied, we having no boat to carry out an an. chor. After many attempts, we carried out our ftrcam anchor, which, when the tide turned, enabled us, by- weighing our other anchors, to get into the middle of the harbour, where, with the Tamar in company, we moored both ihips : but as it blew very hard, wc wen* obliged to take down our yards and tupmafts. Mean while two of our boats had been driven on fhore, and the men fuHfered cxtrenKly from in raining very hard all night : but notwithftanding this they returned the next day. As to our long boar, it was carried many leagues out to fea, with only two nieninit; wehad there- fuic little profpc^l of feeing them again ; but on the S3d they returned with the boat into haibour, though they were almoft ftarved to rf-ath with the levcrity of the cold and want. On their firft appearance we lent a boat to their afliftance, which brought iheni on board. Thif ^ ;r| i'lfli 1 .1 \\ 220 V <> Y AGES ROUND the WORLD CoMPtr rr. i This harbour is not niii( h more than half a milo over. On the fouth Ihon- is a roniarkable rock, riling from the water in the (onn of a Ik-tplc, which apj)ears on entering the harbour's mouth. Abrealt of this rock we lay at anchor in (even or fight fathoms water, moored to the eall and well, with both Uiwcrs, which WT foiiml extremely nrciHary, on account of the ftrong title that regularly ebbs ami Hows t\rry twelve hours. Indeed the ebb is fo rapid, that \vc found by our log- line it continued to run five or lix knots an hour ; and in ten minutes alter the ebb n paft, ihe Hood returns with equal velocity: befidcj, the wind generally bin»<;, during the whole nfght, out of the harbour. Ir is alio neccltiry to obfervc, that the ground is far from nll'ord- ing good anchorage r for, as it prim ipally ronliils ot light fand, it is not to be depended on, and if one .m- chor (lioiikl llart, whi'e the tide is rulliing in, the fliip would iuimediarely t.ike the Ihorc, before the other an- chors could poflibly bring her u|i. Jlovecvcr, it may lairly be conjectured, that there is Hriner anchorage farther up the harbour, cfpecially lor a lliip that re- quires only a (mall draught of water ; for on fending our boats two or three leagues up, they found good anchorage and lefs tide. On the north Ihorc, alwiit tour or five miles above the before mentioned riKk, there arc fome white t litis that rife to a great height. and, at a diliance, nearly rcfembling chalk, though their whitenefs is merely owing to great Hocks of birds voiding their dung upon them. The country all around IS likewife intcrfperfcd with rocks, high and craggy, but between each precipice the ground is covered with long and coarfc grafs. 'I'he valleys form a barren, com- fortlefs prolpcct, in which there is nothing to entertain the eye but great nunilnrs of wild bcaJts and birds, Ai)d many laigu heaps ot bones that lie fcattered about, cfpecially by the fide of every llrc;iiii ol water. But we law no Indians, nor (he i^att lign of the human fpecie^. Among the animals we found, mar the (here, 'a great number ol feals of dillcrent li^es. Thefe live both on the land and in the water, .ind .ire fo fierce that they cannot be encountered without danger. The head has fome reicinblance to that ol a dog with cropt curs, but in I'omc it is ot a rounder, and in others of a longer make. Thev have large ryes, .ind « bilkers about the mouth; tluir teeth arc extremely llurp, and lo (Irong that they ca;i bite a very thick flu k in two. '1 hough without legs, they have a kind of tiet or lins, whii h aiilwer the diriercnt purpolirs of fwimming and walk- ing; thclc have five tees like lingers, ariiietl with nails, i'nd joined together with a thin (kin like thole of a ^oole J by the help of which thiy ihufile along very tall through the fand, or over the fmall rot ks on the fhore. 'I heir Ikins, which are coverc»l with liiort thick hair, are black, but frequently fjxittcd with different colours, as white, red or grey, and arc often manufac- tured into caps, waidcoats, tobacco-pouches, and the like. The old ones, which are about eight feet long, make a ho.irl'c l)arkiiig, fomeAhat like a dog, and the young ones mew like a cat. The largcif ot them will yield about half a barrel of oil; and their fkini, if pro- perly cured, would be ot conlidcrable value. Some of our men ufed to eat the young ones, and their entrails were thought by them as g cxceiieiit, either trclh orfalted, and after fo long 4 vpyage, w»s very ftrviccablc in rctrelhing our Teamen. They herd together in companies of twenty or more, and the method we purAicd in killing them was by lending a party of men in the night, who fearched for ihctn by the fprings of water to which they refort; and there, lying in ambufh among the bufhes, they had an opportunity of fhooting them at their plcafuret yet thlde jinimals, when fcnfibic ol' dJIyngcr, fuddenly '•> 'tiis p|J cfcape ; lor they arc very fwift of foot, are alio hares of a prodigious lize ; f,)f ,■ ' when aiive, neai ;o pounds, and, when Ikinn'^ * "■' " tox. Thefe ae chicHy inliabita " With relpc<;t to the feathered •ints ol a great number ofollrichcs, but not nci'r f i*"^ ' .u. I. ... 1....— Tk,r« U.-.l. .. l: l '" '■iff^l bi^ as a tox vallevs thole in .\hica. Th'le birds, which are remarlt k?^J the length of their necks and legt, and the (honA iheir wings, have been conlidered by natural n holding the fame place among birds, as ctmi ' among b.alls. Their fmall head has fome rfftmki' to thatof a goofr, and their plumage confids f'"* feaihets, covering the back as lar as the tail h ■'' on the belly arc white, 'i'hcy have lour toes ""'"'' foot, one behind and three before j and t' Ihortnels of their wings, arc unable to raife thcirlL"' trom the ground ; yet, by their help, they vijll ^n^ aiiia/.ing l\viftnefi. We toiind great quantities ottl' egi's, lome of which arc of an enormous fiie, n-/" i.s here alfo another extraordinary large bird, »hi li cailetl the wild eagle, tvhofe body is about th« ii of a large luikey of 30 pounds weight. Thcv Ka '^ very (lately .ippearancc, and are ol'a dark bnmnU iiuermixed with diHcrent coloured feathers; hut h is iitott curious in thele birds, is, their having jc, '' on their heads, and a ring of leathers round their nfr*' The Iwrielsof the large leathers or quills intheirmn** arcMcb half an inch in diameter, and their wings Hif- extended reach 14 feet, from pointto point. 1 he w' pun, which is alio found here, is about the buol ^notc J but, inrtcad ot feathers, is covered wiihakii of a III -coloured down. Its wings, which rcfembletl-ofJ ol young gollins, arc too lliort and unlledged to wd mit it to tly, but arc of ufe to it in iwimminn, aJ alio to aliilt it in leaping along upon the ground! Thefe birds apjicarheavy and inailtive uponland.uhertl they feem regardlefs ot danger, and are eafily knockrfl do*n with a (lick; yet *re adlive enough upon the] uattr. Their flelh, however, is difagreeible, on jc. count of itt havirg a hfhy talic; but their (mn\ very j^ood. In the evenir.g they retire to the rockineirl the lea, where they flay till the morning. But to retuni to thehidory of our voyage. On Saiiinlay the 'J fth.lioth fliips being fafely nioorn] in the hitbour.the CommiKloic went unihorr, and flici a hare, weighing 16 {xuinds, and faw othtri, which ap] eared to be aK laige as tawna. l-andinpagain^ on 1 the 25th, he found tiie luricl of an old mulket, «',h! the kinj^'s broad arrow on it, and an oar of a linculir form. The mi.det hairel had fullered fo much by the ' wi ather, tliat it miglit be crumbled to dult between the ' lingers; it was probably Ictt there by the Wigtrij people, or by Sir J.>hn Narborough, when he «« jg I thele p.irts. I lere were (bmc remains of fire, but no inh.ibitants could be difcovered. This party fliot fe. ver.d wild ducks, and a hare, which ran two miles be- tore It dropped, with the ball m its boung guanicne, very beautiful, »nd which grew very tame on board, hut died a (hort tinie alierwards. On the ■■•"ih, we difcovered two fprin|!j ol tolerable good water; and, on the a8th, a tun ol it was biough( on board; but it is to be obfervcd, the ini- neral qualities of thefe fprings, unfortunately prevented their being of any ufe to us in fupplymg our (hip with water ; ami we ( ould not even (ind a quantity of pure wholelomc water fit for our prcfcnr ufe. Wc hid funk (cveral wells to a comidcrabic depth, where the ground ap^x-arcd moi(f, but, upon vifiting ihcni, had the mortification to find, that, altogether, they would i\r, yield more than thirty gallons in 24 hours. On ilit i'uuth fhore the r^ks ore not fo numciuus as on the north (ide i and ihere ate more hills and deep valkys; but they are covered only with high grafs, and a lew fmall (lifuhs. Hence this is Init a bad place to touch at. by any (hip that is under the neccdity ofwoodini^ •ind w.iteriiig. This day, wiutt n jwrty went onfhurc, they f.iw luch ,« number of birds rake Hight, as darkened the Ikv, rvor could the men w.ilk a ftejj without tread- I ini; l-,MM"n'"*'-| ,,„„„li young bit'I fere* '.King fcnf "liaimalt-'l^'n^ tndthcm, cami Icifurcl). . I r,h.chh..dbi •nar: ':er» .. tfi , tos lu'cn alreal il hut. vvhcn i| Lble allowance l--,Jon 111"'*--.. PU «< .^llo h. L:hllwfc trom 1 Lwckmf'T'" Lk on the lo'ith Ks.W. of the He ■' " on which we If/fKwnd, with a ',„oim.ifK- At j^.|,i, and rcceiv »ii made tor M W the uro t,-h;.dthetlcll '„K, «hich the L, doubtlcfs. con Ijji'co^x! "ncoff (Vflcvcrthcy had ijoi December, o j,t took her on boa L,, uhich had h 1-:j!icats about S. Is ,ii'.l;\in about t' On Wcdiicfday, iiaiilix in the I liail, having la tLN.l'- wiih ,:ij;(nircourfcl lUiid, I'aui tf> hiv 1,1 ;n l.ititudc ijiiiude. In our i4Ji|;.fromllH-ii (lapolllanco; _ teBiiil Prpvs. K: ji'fii Intd high .\ llhii it had not or fcnJ ihips mighi KinJid with VI h,;nifor woodin |.caislul attenip |M*urc»frclh li mrilKSiiun to Hiinind iiicliedi t fnmi the lean (xkifc rcfolved is^inwantof wi Iwrff, large wh fcMii the fliip, a On the i^t Lnd in 66 dcg. ! Isinihcevciiini liHi the Cominc ]i!jhtr than any .No. j6. A . fc/'Jiw i'XikJi.^-* . ^MODOKL DYRON'sVOYAGE— for making Difcovcries in tlicSouTiiKRN (Ji ian.&c. ID 221 (infgg* anil as the birds hovered over their heads r I ni^^iliihiici-, the men would knock down many * 11 with Hones and (ticks. After foinc time they iirJaiid would cat the cj^ir^ they had earned oH, vounj? hirds were in ■ ol ihein. They law ■ of inhabitants on dc the river, but nu- mi ■""us herds of ^juanicocs, .vnich were exceeding ftiy. iMiirt;'-'*'" "^^^^ Dolphin, one of the paity, Ihot a I f f.c3t, a I'niall, but very fierce animal. Some of IFrc* 1)<-"'"K ''^"^ °" ^^^"'^ ^"' water, on the joth, two S'thcin difcovcred a large tyger lying on the ground. "I, i^jiiml taking no notice ol them, they threw Hones hiii biitcould by no means provoke him. He rc- ilrctchcd on the were a little way 111 J on •>"= 'P'"' "'"' <^°n"""^'J l!liml, till their comp.tnions, who |K|nd iheiii, tame up, and then he walked away very DuniifiO'"' I'ay at this place, our men were employ- |«lin"li:ti"P aii'l complctinu; the fhip for fca ; and the I ratnifrs «ere particularly obliged to filli our main- I ij nhich had been damaged at the head. Otheisi, I'^Iis ken already mentioned, were employed as p ,j„ (u g,) in fearch of water, though without fuc- r? (,u(^ when they were on this duty, they had a ILblt liio*""'^'^ "' brandy, and fmall tents were I \ii on ilioic, for their own ufe. Before our dc- liuttuiti "* •'"" '""'' '*" talks, one of them on the iKhlliufe from the place ol anchorage, a-brcall ol lix^oc^ in furni of a Ueeple. 1 he other calk was \iA on the fouth Ihore, two miles and a half to the \\i,\\. ol the lleeple rock, and near a gentle dtcli- |,.f on which we erected a poll twelve feet high from Ijifwund, with a piece of board nailed acrols it, by l„oimark. At length, having equipped the ftiip gi-io, and received prupcr ballalt from the Ibore, lig- __ MTiadc for failing. Our crew were greatly rc- IfAJ by the urovilions they met with at this place, \-- hid the nelh of the guanicocs ferved three times which they found to be delicious tood ; and t'l, dixibilcfs, contributed greatly to their continuing ^iiipod "^te of health, as were alfo all on board o.ir f,iit • "nar: bclidcs a pcrfciit unanimity fubfifled Iktcc ''ers and men of both {hips, who main- tatj .1 tnendly intcrcourle with each other, Iticflcvcr they had an opportunity. On Saturday, the lilol December, our cutter being thmoughly repaired, « took her on board, and on the 2iul, wc llruck our ttiti, »hich hid been let up at the watering-place. ■IS beats about S. S. I', of the (leeplc rock, from which jiiid:llant about two miles and an half. On U'cdncfday, the jih, wc unmoored, and, between ba.iii fix in the evcniin^, weighed. We now got un- ;ail, hiving fair and plealant weather, and (leered \,[L N.K. with a favourable gale at N. N. VV. di- |r::n^;mircourfe from Port Dcliir, in (earch of Pepy's llaiiJ, fiidto hive been fcen by Cowley, who lays it ini :n l.itiiudc .\j deg. but makes no mention of its nigi[u(ie. in our chart:* it is laid down in longitude of ^Jc|;. from the meridian of London, bearing .'■,. '.; S. nCajK' Blanco; and it received its name in honour of tav.ail l'rp\s, Kfq; fccrctary to James duke ol York, ix\ lord high Admiral o( England j w ho pretended, lllunt had not only a good harbour, in which a thou- M Ihips might lafely ride at anchor, but that it unJcJ with wild fowls, and was extremely convc- k'ni fur wuuding and watering ; but after many un- |r.calstul attempts to difcover this idand, in order to purcafrrlli lupply ot wood ai^J water, wc had the njrilkatiun to lind, that all our endcavourii were in |nin id iiielleilual. Wc were therefore obliged to de- I from the fcarcli.andon the i itli, at noon, the Com- *tocrefolvfd toftand in for the mam, both {hiptbc> ligin want of wood and water. Having changed. our prfe, larjif whales were obl'ervcd to fwim frequently ■Sxit the lliip, and birds in great numliers Hew round Oiiihc 15th, being in latitude 50 deg. ;{3 min. S. kiki in 66 dog. 59 min. W. longitude, we were, about jfis in ihc veiling, overtaken by the hardeft gale at S.W. lim the tominodorc had ever been in, with a fea flill liglierthan any he had fecn in going round Cape Horn .\u. ib. with lord Anfon. The ftorm continued the whole night, during which we lay to under a balanced mizcn, and (hipped many heavy (cas. On .Sunday, the 16th, at ci;,'ht o'clock A. M. it be- gan to fublide ; at ten we made fail under our courfes ; and, on the iSih, iii latitude 51 deg. fj mm. S. and in longitude 71 deg. 4 min. W. «c law land from the maft head. Cape Virgin Mary (the north entrance of the Strait of Mngellanj bore S. ly. (leg. 50 min. W.diHant nineteen leagues. The land, like th:it near Port De- lire, was of the downy kind, without a (ingle tree. On the 19th, wc flood itiio a deep bay, at the bottom of which appeared a harbour -, but wc found it barred, the (ea breaking quite from one (idc of it to the other. At low water it was rocky and almoll dry j and wc had only fix (athom w hen we flood out again. In this place wc obferveil porpnifes, which were milk white, with black fpots, purliiing the (ilh, of which there were great numbers. Thurlday, the 20th, we had little wind with thunder and lightning from the S. W. at four o'clock, A.M. wc (aw an extremity of land belonging to Cape I'airwca- ther, cxtemling from S. to W. We were now at the dillance of lour leagues from the fhorc ; when foundinu', we found tweniy-fnc fathoms water, with foft ground, and the latitude of the Cape to be 111 5 1 deg. 30 min. S. Wc never fleered above live or (ix miles from the Ihorc, and, in palFing between the lad-memioncd Cape and Cape Blanco, we had no foundings with twenty- live fathoms line. The coall here appears in white clilTs, with level bull" land, not unlike that about Dover and the South I'oreland. We nuw came in fight of Cai)c Virgin Mary, from whiih we were didant five leagues, and alfo the land named Terra del Fucgo. Wc found the coall to lie S. S. E. very dift'erent from Sir John Xarborough's d'.-lcription ; and a long fpit of land running to the fouthward of the Cape for more than a league. Wc had very fair weather all the morn- ing, and, at three o'clock, P. M. C:ipe \'irgin Mary bore N. W. haUN. About two league ,; the welhvard, a j low neck of land runs ofT from the Cxpt:; we approach- ' cd it without danger, and, at lix, anchored with the bed Iwwcr in fifteen fathoms water, at which tiine the Caj)e bore N. half E. about feven miles j but the Tamar was fo far to leeward, that (hccould not fetch the anchor- ing ground, and thcretorc kept under way all night. On the iilt, at three o'clock, A. .\I. we weighed, and again got under fail ; and at lix the extremes of Terra del Fuego appeared, extending from the S. E. by S. to the S. \V . by i. four or five leagues diilanc. At eight we perceived a gixxl ileal of fmoke illuing from different quarters, and, on our nearer approach, faw plainly a number of people on horfeback. This is the coaft of Patagoni.i, and the place where the half llarvcd remains of the crew of the Wager, as they were pafling the (Trait in their boat, .ifter the lofs of the fliip, faw a num- ber of hoil'emen, who waved what appeared to them like white handkerchiefs, inviting them to come on (hoic. Mr. Bulklcy, the gunner of the Wager, who piibli(hed an account of her voyage and mis(ortunes> (ays, that they were in doubt whether thcfc people were Europeans, who had been (hipwrecked on the coaft, or natives of the country alxiut the river Gallagocs. At ten o'clock we anchored in fourteen fathoms on the north Ihorc, and faw Cape Virgin Mary, which appeared over the low tKckofland to thcE. N.E. and Point PolVoilion to the W. by S. Wc were now about a mile from the land, and had no fooncr come to an anchor, than wc faw with our glalFes a number of horfcniC- abreaft of the Dolphin, riding backward and forward, and waving i'omething white, as an invitation for us to come on (hore. Immediately our twclve-oared bdliit was hoiiled out, which was manned with the Commodore, Mr. Marfhal, the fecond licutclunt, the journalift, to whom wc are indebted principally for the hillor/ of this voyage, and a party of men all well armed. Mr. Cumniing, our firft lieutenant, followed in the fix oared cutter. On our firft approaching the coaft, evident figns of furprize were vilible among fame in our boat, on feeing 2 K men I, ■;<■ ■ '•II* ''if 'I '» Q-f' ■M^. 222 V O Y A. G K S ROUND the WORLD Com p let E. men of a \t\o<\ enormous fr/.c, to the number of about tiVc hundred ; while others, pcrhjps, to enL\ Jrage the vf{\, obftrveil, th.it thofc <.'i}»;iinic people were as itiiich , furpri7.ci1 at thclif;htof our inu(kcis, us we were at fee- inj; tlieni; though it \i hij;hly probable they did not know thtir nil-, and had never heard the report or a gun: howfvtr, this was fiilV.cicnt to remind us, itiat our fire-arms gave v% an :uh.nit;i!.;e much fuperioP to th.tt derived from I't.iturf and pcrfonal flrength. The people on iliore a» «c advanced kept waving and hal- looing ; but wc rouid not perceive they had u.nong them wc.ipons of any kind. Wlun we had rowed wiitiin twenty yaids (if the (horc, we lay on cur or.rs, and obllrvcJ I'oinc on foot near "he beach, but the greater part were on horlcback, drawn up upon a "ony rpit, which ran a good way into the fca,«and where it was ve:v dillicult to land, the water being Ihallow, and the (loncs very l.irgc. They now fhouted with great vocilci;ition, and by their countenances feemed oaj^crly ilclirous of having us land. Alter the niiH amicable figns which we were capable of undcrftand- ing, or tlicy of giving, a lignal was made for them to retire backwards, lo a lit:Ie dillance, with which they readily complied. 'I'he Con)modore now held a Ihort lonluitation witj, his officers on the propriety of land- ing, when one, lired with the thoughts of making a full dilcovery in regard to thcfc Iniiian«, made a mo- rion to approach nearer and jump on Oiore, but the C'omnKKJore objected to it, anl woiilcl not fuller any man to go belore himll'lf. In a lliorttinie v.c attempted to land, moll of our bo.it'.s crew being up to the mid- dle in water. Th' (.'.ninmodorc, reg.irdleu of f'uch kind of diflicultie^, pullied relolu'oly on, and, having with gie:it intrepidity leaped on Ihorc, drew up his mrn upon the liead;, with the olTicers at their head, and ordered ilitm not lo move from that llation, till he iliould either call or bccko'. to ihem. C\imnuHlore ISvron now advan< cd alorc lovvaids the Indians; but, peiceiving they retreated as he advanced, upon this he m.»de tigns that one of them flioald come forward. Thele being undeiltood, Oiie s>ho appeared afterwards to be a chief, advanced towards him. His ftature was' gigant'-;, he being nearly fcven feet high. Round one of his eyes w;« a :ircle of black paint, and one of rvhite round the other: the rell of his face wus painted with vanout colo' r.<, and he had the (kin of fomo uild be.ill, with ilic !'.air turned inwards, thrown over his (houMrrs. His !iair was long and black, hanging down behind. 'I'hj (;oniii:'>Joi..' and Indian chief having paid their eoinpliments to each other, in a language mutii.iilv unintelligible to the pc^lon to whom it uai a proportion. Mr. Hyron now made- ligns for them to (if down on the ground, which they du\, and the old men chanted fonie (liain-i, in a moll dolrful cadence, with an air of fcriou* folemnity. The eyes of no o ic perlon were painted with the fame colours, fomelving white and red, and fome black and white. Their teeth are remarl.ablv even, well fet ".i^ as white as ivory, Our Commodore, who had me pir. action to take with hit" on llmre a numler of frinke's, fui h as llringi of beads, and the like, in order totuiivinie them ot our amicable dilpolition, diftributed them with great free- doni, giving to each fomeas far as ihey went, i leihen t(X)k a w+iolc piece ol green ribbon, and, putting the cnil into the hands of the lirft Indi.in, he tontinued it to the next, and foon as far at it would reach ; while none ot them attempted to pull it from the rcll, and yet they (ectntd more delighfd with it, than with the beads. When the ribbon was thus extended, he pulled out a pair of fcillars, and cut it between each t«o of thofc who held it, leaving about a y iid in the poircHinn i)< each, winch he afterwards tied about their he. ids. It was remarked, that though the prefent* were inlut- licicnt to fupply then, al., not one prefled forward from the llation afllgncd him, nor feeincd to cn\y the fu- JK'iiargond fortune ol his neighbour. They were now (» ticiighted with the ditlerent trinkets, which they ti'.j an oppurtunity of viewing as the beads hung ruiinJ I their necks, and fell down before on their bofo the Cominoelorc c^iuld fcarce reftrain them fio"^'' ''''" inghim, particularly ;he Women, whofc larwTnri"'^''l cuhnc features corrcfpondcd with the eiiorrnoii r'"^ thci. bodies. \Vc law fome infants in their ml^"' anils, whole features, i./nliilering their me h '^ faine proportion to thofc of their jwrents. I'xc .'' ''" ikins which thcfc luvlians wore, moft of them w "^^ ''" ked, a few only having upon their legs a kind oH "* with a Ihort pointed (Uck faftcned to each hetl 1"°' ferved as a fpur. Some of their women h..! "„ '' round their necks. Among them was one ott'- ' g.mtic li/.c. and moft difagreeably painted, v ho h,i ' P' hairadomed with bead.; of blue glaCs, hannnjr '''i, divifinns itown h lore h.r {boulders- Ihe had ajfJ'' ' | lets of ptic gold, or brafs, upon her armj i" j whence this li lery could be procured was a f,!-,..^' wonder, as fr .m their great amazement at linl f, ,' in, we conjechired that they had ne\cr bihclil i ^ji ourdwaililb race before. It may however be c "' dcd from the accounts of Sir |ohn Nariionu'h' others, who have t.iken notice dfihele Invlian,' '^' they' ubtlef"; change their licuation with tie fun }' ' ingtneir fuiiimer here, and in winter rimovinJ|'''k' tothcnorih, in order to enjoy the bomfit of a i '' ' climate. I Icnce Sir John md others have rcbtvj "■' they faw men ot an unconnnon die, at leal! t,.'k.'' ten degrees more to the no'thw.ud ; whenr^ |t ,," rcal'onably CunjeClured, that during one put (,|'' ye^r, they may have lome intercourlc with the Ii,j Ivirdenng on the Spsnilh fetilements, aiul tli.r i" thciii they miglit have 'niich. led ihel'e ornnr/' There arc thole wlu) may itelpife tlic fondncfs of t" i (loliah-likc Indians for glafs, bcad.s, and othcrim^ which among civilized nanoivs are held in no u},,!* tion ; hut luch (liould remember, that, in thciiif the ornamenrs of uiipolillicil ami civil hfc arc i and that thofc who live nearly in a Itate ef ni'V have nothing that refembles glafi, fo much as niji- , fcmbles a diamond : the value w liich we fet im,);i j ' mond, therefore, is more enpricious than ihc u they fet upon glafi. The love of ornament fccmj los a ruling palTion in hum in nature, and ihc (^,\^S tranf-iarency of glafs ''"d the regular figure otibn e» ito pleadng ideas. The plealuic which a diamo; gives among us i:., princi|)ally, by iis being a mark dillinction, thus gratifying our vanity, which iim,;, pendent ot, and frciiiicmly over rules natunl iltnih'^ is gratified by certain lints and hues, to which \»ri; then.tme of beauiv: it mull be remtr.ibcrei) liio 'fy, an Indian is more dillmguilliM by a glals button) bead, than any individu.il among us by a dun, ,, though, perhaps, the tame tacfilue is not made ton vanity, as the pollellion of his tinerv is rather a it!i mony of his good lortune, than o| his inHiirriic (M)wtr, in conlii|uenccof his h.iving what, as the or iiion niediiun ol all Ciirthly jwiielli ms, is fuppoial conter virtual fu|U'rioriiy,and inirinlicadvantsj'f 0: of the Indians lliewed our (."ominodore i!ic IkihU: tabacco-pipe, made of red earth, and by ligns inimutj that he wanted lome tobacco, none of whiththcv hil among th«ni. On ttiu the (■oinmodiirc txikowJ to the fe.-.nen, who Dill leniaiiud drawn upon iw Ix-ach, three or lour of whom iitltantly runninj iorJ ward, the Indi.ins weie alarmed, and jumping un J an inlhmt wcie preparing to retire, as it was lupixfcl] to letch their arms. The CommtKlorc thcrclcit llo|J |K-d the failois, ilirectmgoneot them only tocnmcioij w.itel, when he had go. all the tobacco they could iiiullcil among them. This rellorcd good harmony, ami jil the Indians rcfumed their places, except anKlJiiuJ who fling a long long, at nearly theconclulionuUhnli Mr. I'.umming brouglit the tobacco. This gcmlcnunl thutigh lix teet two inches high, wa« hinifcll iHunillicJ at the diminutive figure hccutaniotigthe (Irangerj.wha were bioad and mulcular in proportion to their hci^hrJ i heir langua^'c appeared to u« to be nothing more ihiif a largonot liiunds, withotit any mixture ot ihcSpamll or Portuguefe, the only Kuropean tongues of which ii was poflible forthcm to obtain any know led) ?, and »iilj which It js probable ii would have been mixed, hid ihq J . ' ml iMODORE BYRON'S VOYAGE — for making Difcovcrie* in the Sou i ijf r.n Ocean, &:c. 223 (11"' Ijjiiblc piomids, by gellurcs, of returning again to him from ilu' iliip, wc Icit th«fe Pdtagc>nian Indians, mediate intercourfc with the Spaniards or Por- I '"'' "fe ot South America. \Vc mult not omit, that '"f', ,ur landing, the gicareft part of thefc Patago- wcrcon horfchicl^. but on feemg us gam the \' jl,i.y difinountoi, md ielt their horfes uc fome ^T^'cc Tli>-'l<= ti'T'i^^s were not large, nor in good I J''"" .^.j ,hey win: well broken, and very fwift, but ■110 proportion to ihc lizc of their riders. The r'lVwasi Itathcrn thonj^.witha '"mall piece of wood '"laved lor a bit, and the faddlts refemblcd the pads '^"fc mnoUK tlic country people m England. Their ' " "^n rode altrulc, and both nic'i and women without r'ruwM y'^^ ^^'^y ti-diopcii Icarle.'Viy over the fpit upon 1 til vu landed, the itonesof whu h were large, loole nlippi-'ry- lliefc people looked frequently lowatds '■ .y,,\nth an air of adoration, and made motions ' , j|,jir fingcrii, in onkr to make us fcnfibic of any *" .^uiarcircunillan-e thty warned us to underrtand. Th'v appeared to Iw of an amiable and friendly dif[)o- ■ m and feenied to live in j^reat unanimity aiming "L",^,l'clves. Aftir they had been prefcnted with tjie Ihj CO tlify i"*'!'^ ''^!'" *'"■ "' '" K" *"'' ''^"" '" ''^'^ ke will'-''' **<-■ '••* •'^ "^ '1'''''"^^''. arid at the fame time '" nied to their mouths, as if intimating an inclina- ^. toirive usretrclhment i but their number at prcfent [■I" loj^ieatly fuperior to ours, and it being not im- Kible, that Itill greater multitudes might furround f .jij j'res Irom the inland country, our Commtxlore, "L w.n equally r narkablc for his prudence and hrt\fiy. thought It not advifcablc to venture any far- Ltruiu the watcr-fid , and therefore intimated, that Lmurt re'"f" '" '''•'-" '^"P- ''" which they fat down •iin, apparently much concerned. At length, after "tiUnt^ "K"' '^'" ""^ would dep.irt, with the moll t 'lJ^"Vcre fo diltrelled and afllided at our departure, ,|ui »c heard their l.imentations for a conftderable time !,(, When the tonimodorc took his leave of them I to kfp' 'l^^'f ^*^*^^' ""' """^ ottering to detain, or Ljj'o* hiin. Another oHker on Iward the Dolphin, i,i,i,jc:oiinl ot thefc extraordinary people, adds, that ihtv^il appeared to be very fagacious.calily undeilhxHl ,!x li>n.'.ls or intimations which our people made to ,l^i„|^aiul l)eh.ived with great complacency and good nj'uic. Sill h IS the information we have receiveil Uji„ the papers of our journaiitl, whofe vcricity re- ffj no proof, among thofe who have had the plea- Ijrcothiiacqiiaintain-e; but as evidences incorrobiir.i- t'onol hii allettions, and the truth of the facis, we liuli mien here the loUowi 'g .ic» ount ol the l'ataj;i.ni- jui^whuh we received Irom a gentleman, who was al- io in othcer in one of the Ihips, and on thore at the iiM Hire with our author. Inc Dolphin having entered ten or twelve leagues iniothc nuMith ot the lUaits of Magellan, the men '.m attkoblerved thirty or forty people of an extraordin..iiy llitjrc, lUnding on the beacii of the continent, who, looking Jttemivelj on (hem, made friendly fi,;ns, by ihich they feemed to t>>vue them to contc on Ihorc j thilc others, who (lood aloft, difcovcrcd with their iiiilRsa much greater numlwr, alxnit a mile farther up ihccojiury; but afcibed their ai)p.irent i'ue to the ^nmcfs of the air. The Ihip hapi)ened at this inftant tui'ilKcalinici i the honourable Mr. Uyron, thinking no time would be loll by going afhorc, refolvcd to land, n order to lee thefc Indians, and learn what he could ol their imnnersi he therefore ordered a (ix-oared boat tithimfclfaiui ollicers : and one of twelve oars to be filled with men and armi,, as a fccurity, in cafe there (houlJ Ik any attempt to furprize or injure him, or any (ifihofewho went with hiin > though the peonlc on to did not Item to have any thing like an olVenlive utiiKin among ihein. On the Commodore's landing, miompany with his lieutenant, he made ligns to the Mm, who were crouding round him, to retire, which lhc> very readily did, to the dillancc of thirty or tbrty yatih. I le then, attended by hii lieutenant, advanced iiMnfd? them, about twenty yards, and their number sufoonincrcafed to upwards of five hundred men, women, and children. Several civilities at this time palled on both fides, the Indians exprclfing their joy aiiU fatisfadlion by linging uncouth fi.ngs, liiaking hands, and fitting with looks of pleafurc, with their wives and children round the Commodore, who diftri- buted among them ribbons and ftrings of beads, with which they appeared highly delighted. He tied neck- laces round the necks of feveral of the women, who feemed to be from fevcn to eight feet high 1 but the men were, for the molt parr, about nine ieet in height, and fome more. The Conmiodorc himfelf meafures full fix feet, and, though he llo.d on tip-toe, he could but jultrcuh the 'lownof one of the Indian's head, who was not, by far, the tallcll among them. The men arc well m.idc, broad let, and of a prodigious llrcngth. Both fc.\cs arc of a ( opper colour ; thev have long black hair, and were covered partly with ikins, which were f.incntd about tlieii necks by a thong ; the fkin» worn by the men being loi.il, but the womtns were gjit dofc wuh a kind of belt. Many of the men and wo- men rode on horfes, which were about fifteen hands .iiul a half high, all of them allriile ( and they had among tiieiii loine dogs, which had a picked fnout like a lox, and were nearly of the lizc ofa middling pointer. I'hefe Iriciidly people invited the Commodore, and all tiioie w ho were landed, to go with them up the country, Ihewing a ililtaiit finoke, and pointing to their mouths, as if they intended to give us a repa't j and, in return, the Commodore invited the Indian" to Come on board, by [KJinting to the lliipi but neither of them accepted oftheotlicis invitation, and therefore, having palFed two hours in an agreeable converfation, carried on wholly by ligri, they parted, with all the marks of frirndllup. Tlic country (obfcrves this gentleman) is fandy ; but diverlilied with Imall hills, covered with a (hort grais, and with llniibs, noncof which, as Sir John Narborough has long belbic remarked, is large enough to make the helve of an hat.het. Another gentleman on Uiard has favoured u<: with an account that cxacily t.illici with the above, with thefc additional circuniUanccs. That when they we."C tenor twelveleai',ues witlun the (Ir.iits, they faw through their glallls iii.iiiy people on ibitre of a prodigious fr/.i: wliieli oe ;i de(eption,in.c.ii>iiiei) by the haimclsof the atmofphere, it bring tlieii loim aIi.u U'ggy ; but on coiiimg near the laiid.tliry aj'peared of lliil greater bulk, .i.id made ami- cable ligns tii iMii people to come on llioie. That when the lliip filled na to (iiid a prui)er place of l.inding, they made lameniations, as if iliry vnre .itraid oiif people were going oil". He alii) lays, there were mar 400 ol them, and about one third ot the men on horfes not much larger than ouis ; and that they lode with their knees up to the horle ' withers, having no Itir- rups. That there were women and many children, whom foiiic of our [K-ople took up in their arnnand killed, which the Indians beheld with much fucming fatisfadtion. That by way of alVedlion and elUem, they took his hand between theirs iuu\ patted it ; and that fome ol thofe he faw were ten Icet high, well propor- tioned, and well featured : their tkins were ol a warm copper colour, and they had neither ollcniive norde- fenlive wea(Kms. I Ic alfo lays, tl. t they feemed par- ticularly plealed with licutcnan' Ciimining, on account of his llature, he being lix Ieet two inches high, and that fome of them patted him on the Uiouldcr, but their hands tell with fuch force, that it alieded his whole frame. There is nothing about which travclleis are more di- vided, than concerning the height of thefc Patago- nians. M. dc Bougainville, who vilited another part of this ro.ift, in the year 1767, allerts, that the Patago- nians are not gigantic ( ^nd that what makes them ap- pear fo, is their prodigious broad llioulders, (he li/e of their hcadu, and the thickncfsof all their limbs. Some time iKiorc the hon. Mr. Byron made this voyafre, it was the fubjcdt of warm conteft atnung men ot Icicnce in thii country, whether a race of men upon the coad of r.uagonia, above the common Itarjre, did really cxill j and the cuniradiclory reporti, iiiaile by ocular witnefl'c*,, ': 'iHf li :p ::^y\k' Urn '■■■■ { 234 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD CoMiLtTEi witncircs, concerning this faifl, tended greatly to perplex the queilion. It appears that, during one hundred years, almoft all navigators, of whatever country, agree in affirming the cxillente of a r-.cc of giants upon thofe co.ills; bur,during another century, u much greater number agree in denying the fact, tieating their prcdeceifors as idle fabulitls. Barhmiis fpeaks'of a race of giants in South America; and the t'V.» Gi/ir'/.r//:. <.V la I'rjiit, in his hillory of Ptw, is dccilively on the fame (ide of the qutftion. For ,^enado\\h. i. chap'. 13 and 14, records the American tr iditions concerning a ract of giants, and a deluge which happened m remote times, in thofc parts. Magellan, Loaila, Sarmicnto, and Nodal, among the Spaniards ; and Cavcndifli, Hawkins, and Knivct. among the Englilh ; Scbald, Oliver dc Noort, le Maire, and Spilberg, among the Dutch, together with fome French voyagers, all bear tcllimony to the fad, that the inhabitants of I'atagonia were of a gigantic height: on the contrary, Winter, the Dutch admiral Heimite, IVogtr, m De Geiinei's narrative, and Sir John Narborough, deny it. Sir Francis Drake, who failed through the ftraits, fays nothing concerning it j and his fiiciice on this head can only be accounted for, on the fuppolition, either that he faw no inhabitants on the coalt in his pairagc, or that there was nothing cxtraoidinary in their ap- pearance. To reconcile thefc different opinions, we have c"'ly to fuppofc that the country is inhabited by diftinill races otmen, one of whom is of a fize beyond the ordinary pitch, the other not gigantic, though perhaps tall and remarkably large limbed j and that each (xiilels parts of the country (eparate and remote from each other. That fome giants mhabin thefc regions, can now no longer be doubted ; lincc the concurrent teltimony of late Knglifh .".avigators, par- ticularly Commodore Byron, Captains Wallis and Carteret, gentlemen of uiiquelhonable veracity, ella- blilh the fad, from their not only having feen and convcrfed with thele people, but even mealured them. I>tut it is now time tu proceed with the hiltory ot our voyage. On Friday, the 2 ift of Dtcember, at three o'clock P. M. we weighed, and worked up the flrait ot Magell.iii, which is here about three leaf/iTc;; broad, not with a view to pal's through 1', but to take in a proper llock of wood ami water, I'.c! 1 huliug to truJi wholly to the finding ol I'alM.ind's lll.inds, which wo determined alterwanls to lick. .\t right in the evening we anchored in :5 tathoms water, at the didancc of three miles N. .N. ii. from Port Polfedion, in view of two remarkable hummocks, which Bulk ley, from their appearance, dillmguilhcd by the name ot tlie Ad'es Fit:). On llie jjmi, at three o'clwrk, A. M. we weighed and Ihcretl S. W. by W. about Imir leagues, when the water (hoaled to lix fathoms and a halt, wc being then over a bank of which no notue ha< hitherto iHcn taken, and full three leagues iKiiii the Ihoie ; but, in two or three calls of the Tog- hne, it dec pened to 1 3 fathoms. When the water was lliailowcft, the Alfes Ears bore N. W. by \V. and the north point of the fir(^ narrow VV. by .S. diftatit fomewhat more than fuc miles. We now (leered S. W. by S. two leagues to the firft narrow, as it is ulu.dly called, which brought us through. This nar- row IS about three miles over, and is ihc narrowed part of the llraits ; and through it a regular tide runs witii great rapiility. In this run we law an Iiulian upon the louth (horc, who kept waving to us as long as wc were in lights alio fome gusinicocs uiwn the hills. Fhe land m on each fide furroundcd with thcli; ; but the country is entirely barren, without a (ingle tiee, yet wc here obferved ercat quantities of (moke from different parts of the (horc. The courfe of the full narrow to a little fea, or the found, is S. W. by VV. about eight leagues. The land on each tide IS ol a moderate n ght, and rather higheft on ihe north (here, but runs low towards the fecond narrow. Oo founding frotn the firfl to the fecond narrow, we fwrvi from 20 to 15 fathoms water, with good anchorage ; and it was there about fevcn lo from the north flioie to the ifland of Terra del F *""" At the entrance, or call end of the fecond na'r'^" lies Cape Gregory, which is a white dill ot a nicj™,!' height J and a little to the northward of it i- j r ',' ba), in which you may ride in eight fatli water, with very good anchorage. VVhcn'aJ''! of Cape Gregory we fleered S. W. halt \\ / leagues, through the fecond narrow, having a j. '? ol water from io to 25 fathoms. Wewentoiit ot h well end of this narrow about noon, and ilcercil tf ' leagues fouth for Khziheth's Hland. At this n,,,,"^ the narrow, on the (outh Ihore, is a white hcaiih 1 called Swcepllakcs Foreland. The wind Ixinir rj ' againll us, we anchored in ("even fathom. The lO^ 1 bore S. S. K. about a mile dillant, and Barthul mew's Kland bore I". S, F". In the evening ijx \J\' ans came down to the water-iide, and continued ('" fome time waving and hallooing to us, but :cing their labour fruiiiel>. tiuy went anay. between tF" firll and fecond narrows the Hood icts to the S \\ and the ebb to the N. K. but bring pa (t thefcioJ nariow, the courfe, with a leading wind, is S. by i three leagues between St. Bartholomew's and Fl? ' beth's Iflands, where the channel is one mile a^jj half over. The flood fcts through to thr fouth\(H with great vehemence and rapidity, lb that when nr it appears like breakers, and the tide round the iihJ' fets different ways. On Sunday, the 2jd. we had very inodtrj'. weather, but hary, with intervals of fnih hicur. In the morning we weighed, and worked bc:«i-|i the two iflands : we got over on the north llwrc L fore the tide was fj>ent, and anthoredm 101,1th™ St. (ieorge's Ifland tx)re N. 1'.. by N. dittant ih„t leagues J a Point of land, which we named Porpoif Point, N. by W. diflant li\c miles, and the foiitlon. moll land S. by K. diflant about two miks. |„ ,|. evening we again got under fail, and fleered R. hv F and at ten o'clwk we anchored about a mile froiritht north fliore. in 13 fathoms. Sandy Point now bore S. by F.. dillant tour miles ; Porpoile Point, N.N.^v three leagues, ..nd St. (Jeorgc's Ifland X. F. fcr leagues. On the 24th, we fcnt the boat to fo-.'^j between Klirabeth's and St. Barrholoincw's Iilanji, and found it a very gcxnl channel, with deep nata' On this occalion we faw a numlier of Indians uho hallooed to us from Fli/abeth's llland. Roth thj men and women were of the midille lizc, well -ludf and with fmooth Hark hair. I heir coniplcxi is 17 hours above the horizon, l^^,c ilUmls being lituated nearly at the fame diftance l.v::i the c^iiutor, as the middle part of Great Britain, ,, one to ilic fouib, and the other to the north. In Clns, towards the booth I'ole, the fame alteration is lounJas in Ikering towaids the north, till you run Ixiaccn 60 and 70 degrees, when the welferly winds vtncrally prevailing in the louthern ocean, and blowing »ay furioully in the months of April. May. June, July, .■\jj;;iill, and September, there is no piolxihility ol lail- ir;'roun.l the cape in thefe month*, for which reafon lhi")i Iclilom attempt it. unKl'i in the proper fcafon. A; ihicc 1'. M. wc ca(\ aiuiior in 1 8 fathoms water, bi.iJy I'oHit kMring N. N. VV. three leagues, and the |,;u[li pom! of I'relh Water H.ty, S. K. half f.. two m u 1 iie tuic here runs very (low, but riles conlider- jiv liy the lliorc, where we «»brtrved it to flow 16 feet. T.ic land 111- le is diNeifiliod with wooJs. and abounds i.ia *aicr : "i fome places it rifei very high, and is t ,c(t(l with petpciual fiiow. On the 126th we ».,^hcvi, an! lUcred S. S. K. for I'ort Famine. The r.oi.lKrninoil po:nt. called .St. Anne's, at noon, bote S. liy v., hall i'.. dillaiu tliiec leagues. A reef of rocks i„iiuiit Irum tins point H. Is. by l-', about two miles ; ii lilt wsur will fuddenly Ihoal Ironi 60 to 20 (i.iwint, at ihe dillani.'e ot two cables length fioiii liku I. Ilu' point itlelf is very lleip, and care mull dc ukcii in ll indin^ into I'oit Famine, lir the water fi(.Ml* very (iiddenly.and at more than a mile from the llhitc iliere is but nine feet water, when the tide is out. ShikIiii^s will fiion be got by hauling dole round St. A lac'* foint ; but when there is no mote than l<:vcn Liiiinii, it will not be faic to go tarthcrin. Oil Thiirfday the 27th, wc anchored at noon in I'ort 1 inline. Ujr fituation yvas extremely eligible, tor wc \4iulhcltcrcd from all winds, except the S. K. which f,:Kimlilovis,and wasa :iiiin of the iMy. Ihe could not receive any damage, ior i( li ull line fott ground. In this harbour may be Iii.iikI a conliderable quantity of excellent wood, cither Ijiitii or dry, the latter lying along the flwrc on both IkIls the llraits, which are almoll covered with the ircts ihat have Ihth blown down from the banks anil liiiliiil hy tJK' high vvindii. 'rhefc trees are lomewhat like (iir binli, luit arc ol fo conliderable a lize. that the iruiikioi I'oiiK- of them ate luo feet and a half in dia- ini'tor, and 6j feet in length. Many of thcfc were fill (liHMi for our carpenter's ufc, who liniiid, that when |iii>pi'rly d(iei), they wijic very fcrviccable, though not No :• fit for marts. As to drift wood, there is a quantity fufficient to have furniflicd a thoufand fail. Port Famine obtained its name from- a party of Spaniards, who had planted a colony on the fhore j but for want of a regular fupply of provifibns, were ftarved to death. There are ftill fome remains of buildings, though they are now almoft covered with earth. We fa* them on a hill, that has been cleared of wood, and which is not far from where our fhips lay. The river Scdger difcharges itfelfimo the bay. This fiver iS about half a cable's length broad at the entrance, and is Jull navigable for boats. In going into it we met with two flats, one on the Aarboard-fide. and the other on the larboard, which we difcovercd at half ebb ; thcfc render it fomewhat difficult to go up the river, extcpt after half flood, when it may be navigated with great pleafurc and cafe, by keeping in the middle of the channel. About two miles up the river it is not above ;jo yards over, at which place we found on our right, a fine gravelly fteep beach, fo that the boats had the convenience of coming along-(ide of it, in order to receive the water in caiks, which we found to be excellent. The Commodore, with a party, went up the river four miles, but cculd proceed no farther, the trees which had fallen acrofs the (Ireim impeding the boat's way ; one of the flumps of them having made a hole iri her bottom, fhe was immediately filled with water J but, with difficulty they hauled heron fhorc, and contrived to flop the leak, fo that they made a fhift to return in her to the fhip. This river has per- haps as beautiful an appearance as it is pofTible for the moll luxuriant fancy to conceive. Its agreeable wind- ings arc various [ and on each fide is a fine grove of (lately trees, whofe lofty heads jut over the river ; and form a pleafant fhadc. Some of them are of a great height, and more than eight feet in diamcr r, which is pro|>ortionably morethan eight yards incircumference ; fo that four men joining hands could not compafs them J among others, wc faw the pepper-tree, or winter's-bark, in great plenty. I'o complete this de- lightful f(>ot, the wild notes of different kind of birds are heard on all lidcs, and the aromatic frrcU of the various fiKts of Howers which adorn its banks, feem to unite in gratifying the fenfes of the inchanted flranger. The flowers with which in many places the ground is covered, are not inferior to thofe that are commonly found in our gardens, either in beauty or fragrance. Such are the charms which nature has lavifiicd on a fpot, where the Indians alone can behold its beauties; while they are probably infenfible of thofe attradling (cencs, which fKrfons of the mod improved taflc might contemplate with no finall pleafurc ; and were it not for the fcverity of the cold in winter, this country, by cultivation, might be made the fined in the world. The leaves of the trec^, the dimcniions of whofe trunks we have already noticed, refemble thofeofour biy-trces. The rind is grey on the outlide and pretty thick. This is the true winter's l>ark, a name which is obtained from its being brought in the year 1567, from the Straits of Magellan, by Mr. William Winter. This bark, on l>eing taken ofl' the trcL* and dried, turns to the colour of chocolate. It has an acrid, burning, pungent talle, and is ellcemed an excellent remedy againd the fturvy. It is, however, extrctiKlv fragrant, and the tree, when (landing, has a (Irong art inatick fmell. Wc frequent- ly made ufe of the bark on board our (hip in pics, in- (lead of pepper, aad being llecped in water it gives a very agreeable flavour. 'I'hefc trees arc likcwifc found in the woods, in many other places in the (Iraits, and alfo on the call and well coads of Patagonia. The land in the woods, in fomc places, conflfYs of gravel, in others of fand, an i in others of good brown earth 1 but old fallen trees and iiiulcrwooil obllrudl the paffage through them. Thefe woods near the Ihorc, extend up the lidcs of very high hilhi, but the mountains fiirthtr within land rife much higher, and their barren rugged luiwmits covered with fnow, are feen peeping over the hills next the lliore. Indeed, the land on each lidc the fliore riles to a great height, particularly on the illand of 1'erra del 1 uego, on the fouth fide ot the J 1. ilraits, r ^4 m''^^H r f i t h' ■ <■■ \- ' >,! . a- ; J 'lfi> 'i ::,>.'< :?. '.i''M !l i|;'i, •:ii::lii!hi H': I '•■ w l-'l .■ ill ( ' !■:■ ■it;.l M ;(■*■"; Ai , * isT' I'T ■ I 226 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. ftraits, where there arc high barren rocks covered with everlafting fnow. Thtfc have a black dreary afpedl, and mull have a conlidtrable influence on the air, which they render cold and nioilu This evidently ap- peared even while we were there, though this was their midlummer, when every thing mult naturally be in the highcll perfcdion. But notwithltanding the weather, when the fun (hone out, was very warm, yet it was unfcttled, and we had frequently heavy rain and thick fogs. In the woods arc innumerable par- rots, and other birds of the mod beautiful plumage. We fliot every day gecfe and ducks enough to ferve the Commodore's table, and that of fewrai others: we had, indeed, plenty of frclh provilions of all kinds, particularly Rlh, of which we caught fuch numbers as fupplied our men three times a week. Wc muft not omit here, that we faw many Indian huts, built with fmall branches of trees, and covered with leaves and mud, but wc never met with a linglc inhabitant. The country between this and Cape Forward, which is dil- tant about thrte leagues, is exceeding fine : the foil ap- pears to lie very rich, and there are no lefs than three pretty large rivci'S, beiidcs many brooke. While we continued in this port, the Commodore and a party went one day to Cape Forward. Upon fetting out we intended to have gone farther ; but the rain havmg fell very hc="'y. wc were glad to Hop at the Cape, and make a good fire to Ji<-y or.r clvthcs. The Indians had de- parted fo lately from this place, that the wood wh- l lay half burnt, was ftill warm. Soon after our'fir kindled, wc perceived another on the Terra del K *'^ (liorc, a fignal, probably, which wcdid not undcrC^l The rain having abated, wc walked over the cjm j found the rtrait to run about W. N. W. The hill far as wc could fee, were of an immenfe height * " craggy, and covered with fnow from the very ba'fc*'^ wards. The Commodore having ordered a tent ""* eredled on the borders of a wood, and near a rivul I three feamen were itationed there to walh linen 'III they lay in the tent. One evening, foon after they ul retired to reft, they were awakened by the detniJI hollow roarings of fomc wild bcafts, which approachdl nearer every moment. Terrified with apprchcnCoiul of being devoured, they mauc and kept up a bljjjnj fire, round which the beaft* walked at a fmall d^l tance till dawn of day, when they retired. Wc djiil not credit this ftory, for the relators could not tell uX V. hat kind of bealls they faw, only they were very iarofl yet it niuft be acknowledged, that, at different timal when on (hore, we tracked many wild beads in th I fand, but never faw one. And .is we were rcturninjl through the woods, wc found two very large IkuKl which by the teeth, appeared to have belonged t»| fomc lieafts of prey, but of what kind wc could notl gucfs. . CHAP. If. ^bi- Dolphin aiidTainar fleer hack from Port I'limme in feard'of Falkland's Iflands-" Airkf al Port Fsi^monl—OhfenA tions on Ibis pr: Ml J ibe itJuimit country — V.'i; from luilklnnf s Ijl.mds to Pvrt Dejire,and tbroufib tly Siraiit A Magellan as far as Cape Mnidny — The EonJa jlorcjhip happily di/ioirred — A ftrangc failmakts ber appear.^e, ni\ Jolloru-s the Dolphin, wbub prr^ed to h- the l.a]il,-, commatiJcUy M. liwi^ain-ville — /Idifiription of ditiifcni muA the Straits — J'a/}'a^e from Cape Monday into the South Sea— tl.. Having completed the wo(xl and water of both lhips,and provided every ncccfTary that was wanted, on Friday the 4th of January, we wcighid, and ftt fail from I'ort I'ainine, (landing over to the llland of Terra del luego, where we faw great quantities of iiDoke rifing from dtlVcrcnt quarters, which we lup- jMfcd to be raifcd by various parties of Indians. The iia-rntion of the Commodore was now to ftccr back again in fcarch ol Falkland's Iflands. Wiih this view on thv 5th, we held on iur courfc N. W. by N. four league.^ and then three leagues north, between Eliza- beth and Bartholomew Klands, after which wc Hccrcd N. F. h.>lt F. fiom the fecond narrow to the firlt, be- ing a run of eight leagues. Wc proceeded thmugh the firft narrow againft the flood ; but the tide of Hood fetting llrong to fouthward, drove the Ihip diredtly towards the ,'buth Ihore, which might have proved of fatal confcqucncc to the (liip ; for as we were under a very high rocky clilf in 50 fathoms water, if there had happened a fudden fquall of wind, wc mufl have been inevi'abiy loll : however, the flood fct us back again intc the entrance of the ftrll narrow, and wc call anchor in 40 fathoms, wuhin two cables length of the ihore. On the 6th, at one o'clock, A. M. wc weighed, and had a pkali>nt northerly breeze with the tidcofcbb{ but this brci /e (oon abating, the tide fct the (hip to the N. W. and at five fhc took the ground on a fand iMnk of 1 5 feet, which reduced us to no fmall ex- tremity 1 but providcntiilly, in about half an hour, »he Iwung by the force of the tide into deeper water. This (lioal, not mentioned by any former n.ivigators. is very dangerous, as it lies dircdlly in the track iy. twcen Cape Virgin Mary and the fiill narrow, and uftl in the middle between the north and fouth (Wra It is more than two leagues long, equally broad, i,vj ill many places very deep ; fo that fhould a fliip ground upon it in a hard gale of wind, (he would probably fiKin be beat to pieces. When wc were upon thij bank Point Poflcirion bore N. E. diftant three leagues, and' the entrance of the narrow S. W. diftant two leagua About fix o'clock, A. M. wc anchored, and at noon worked with the ebb tide till two, but finding the water Ihoal, wc came again to anchor, about half a mile from the fouth-lidc of the bank : at which time the Allcs lurs bore N. W. by W. diftant four leagua On the 7th, atxjut eight o'clock, A. M. we weighed and (leered about half a mile S. E. by K. We no* got our boats out, and towed the (hip into thcdeepell water in the fouth channel ; by which mc.ins we an. chorcd in 14 fathoms, the tide of flood making ftmng againft us ; and then being for the diflancc of Haifa mile round us encompafTca with (hoals, that had only eight (cet w.iur, wc lent our boat to found, inorderto find a channel ; and after being difappointeJ more than once, we at length weighed fur the lad time, and left the coaft. On Tuefday the 8th, by obfervation we found our- felvcs in latitude 5 1 deg. 50 min. We now brought to for the Tamar, who had come through the north chinnel, and was Ibmc leagues aftem of us. This diy wc had ftrong gales from the wcftward : and in the forenoon a mo(l violent fquall of wind which fprung our mnin-mnll, but cfl'eiilual mcthtKis were taken im- mediately by our carpenter to fecure it. On ihegih, we were in latitude 5 a deg. 8 min. S. and in 68 licg. 31 min. W. longitude, at which time Cipc Virgin Mary bore S. 8j deg. W. diftant 33 le.igucs. On the loth, our courfc was N. 18 W. tor 1; league) t and our latitude 51 deg. 31 min. S. longitude 68 deg. 44 mm. A4iiK^. Commodore BYRON'sVOYAGE~for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 227 W On the nth, our courfc was N. 87 E. C»pc Virgin Mary bore S. yj dej^ " cathcr W. 2 dcg. S. This ~. W. accumpanicd with a I 1,, III 111., ^.v (i wc cfpicd lanil, but our |P"c!,„ hcine Tome leagues allcrn, we wore (hip, and rt Ineafy ft'" <>^- ^» ^^^ ' ^'^' « "^'V ^""'^' *' I. J in ifrain, and at four o'clock recovered fight of I I, lind a-hwl. which was taken for Dc VVerts Hlands. \ I the hme time we faw other land to the fouth, t 'h appwcd to be a conliderabte number of iflandii I reach other, fome of them fceming very low, and ' I ofte«n with the furface of the water, and which udced to be what arc called in the charts New I? ^Js Intending toftand in between thcfc, wc found riand which appeared to be unconnected, was joined K fome low ground, and formed a deep bay. When I Ling out of this wc difcovered a long low reef of ks "retching out for more than a league to the '"^thward of us, and another between that, and what ""'had taken for the northcrnmoft of Dc Werts Iflands. Th J land confifts chiefly of mountainous and barren ks except the low parr, which is not feen till you l"*: ' ch near it, and the whole has very much the ap- irince of Staten Land. Birds and feals abound here, r a «e fa* large whales fpouti-ig round the fhip. Illlhtn we wefe near enough to dilccrn the low land, I (found ourfclves wholly embayed, and had it blown Ik d at S. W. fo high a fea mull have rolled in, as iJlldhsvcmade ir 'mpoiriblc to keep clear of the I to- we mention thcfc particulars, that all fhips may Ihwcafttr avoid falling into this bay. At noon wc lobfcrvcd in latitude 51 deg. a^ niin. S. and m 6j dcg. r, mm. W. longitude. ... I On Sunday the ijth of January, at day-break, wc I Hood in for the north part of the illand by the Icoaft of which wc had been embayed. Being about a llopictothceallward, it fell calm, and poured down I Brents of rain, after which a moll unroinmon fwell I came from the well.vard, and ran fo high, and with I fuch velocity, that we cxpefled every moment it would fttusvcry fall towards the fliorc, as dangerous as any lin the world, and wc could fee the (urge breaking at fonic dilUncc from it mountains high ; very foitunatcly I for us a frclh gale fprung up at S. E. with which, to lourKrcat jov, we were able to (land off, and we would lidvifcevcry one, who may hereafter come this way, to I pvc the north part of this ilLnd a good birth. Wc nw brought to in latitude 5 i dcg. S. and in 6j deg. :;min. W. longirude. MoiuLiy the 1 4th, wc difcovered a flat illand covered I wiih tufts of grafs as large as bulhei. Wc continucvl I out courfe along the Ihore fix leagues farther, and then I fm a low rocky ifland, licaring S. K. by K. and dillant Lboiit three Itigucs from the land wc were coalling, »liich here forms a very deep bay, and bears I^. by N. odhe other itlaml on which had been feen the long lull! of grafs. During the night wc Hood olf and on, ani on the 15th, at three o'clock, A. M. we (lootl in io\>ards the land, and hoiflcd out our Ixwts to found. Thcle were gone till noon, when they returned with the aprcc.ib'e news of having found a tine convenient hy, entirely fiturc from the fury of the winds, with it* entrance lying to the mxthwaid. The land is on each tide very high, and the entrance, which is half a mile bnad, not in the leall dangerous, there iKing nothing tnobllriKt the patl'.igc, and the depth is from feven to i| lathonis, with loft muddy ground. The fliorc of this bay is not encom|\ined with I'unken rocks or fands, nrr is their the Icall danger in approaching ir. In palling on the lKiil)o.ird-(ide, many fine fmall bays and hirbnurs open to the view, .nnd to the third of thefe, »hiLh we entind, and found >if gre.it extent, the name \m given ot I'oit l^gniont, in honour of the right honour.ible the e.irl cf I'^mont, firll lord of the Ad- miralty, iiiidcr wiiote direction this voyage was princi- |ully uiuUi taken. 'I'hc mouth of it is S. E. dillant lf\(n liamm from the 'ow rocky ifland; which is a I gooilnwik to know it Iv,-. At the diftancc of about I i\»o iiiilcs ftoni the iko'c, there it abuMt eighteen fathoms water; and about three Ic.igues to the wjcfl- ward of the harbour, there is a remarkable white fandy beach, oft" which a fliip may anchor till there is an op- portunity to run in. Wc moored in 10 fathoms, with fine holding ground. This harbour is fo commodious, that wc think it proper to give a particular defcription of that and the adjacent country. Port Egmonc is furrounded by a range of iflands, perfcftly disjoined, and each placed in a convenient and agreeable fituation. There are three difl^erent paflages into this port, one from the S. W. another from the N. E. and the third from the S. E. and this lad wc found capable of rcceivinga fliipofthegreateft burthen. This harbour is of fuch capacity, as to be able to con- tain the whole royal navy of England, which might lie here in pcrfcft fecurity. As the adjacent country has all the requilities for a good fcttlemcnt, it is probable, that was it added to the crown of Great Britain, it would in time become a inoft flourifliing fpot. There arc here many cafcades of water, which are fo con- veniently fituated, that by bringing caflts along-fidc the fliorc, many of them may be filled at once. One inconvenie Kc, however, attends this place, which is, that there are no trees; but this isof fmall confequence; for in the proper feafon of the year, young trees might eafily be brought through the ftraits to thefe iflands, where there is no doubt but they would grow and profi per. On our firll arrival wc fowed the feeds of turni[>s, radiflies, lettuces, &c. and before wc left the harbour many of them began to fpring up very fafl, and we have fince heard, that fome perl'ons who arrived here after our departure, eat of thofe roots and falad. It mud however be acknowledged, that the wheat which wc alfo fowcd, being put into the ground at an improper feafon, though it fprang up, did not come to perfection, Thi.s wc learnt from a peifcn who lately came from hence in one of his Majefty's ftiips of war. The pallure ground of this ifland is fo rich, that the grals rofc as high as our breath, which rendered our ualking rather troublefome. We cut down great quantities of it for the ufe of our fliccp. It is not to be doubted, but that was this country to be properly examined, many valuable difcoveries might be made with relJKCl to its vegetables and minerals ; for upon a flight I'urvey of the hills, we found a kind of iron ore, and have fome rcafon to believe, that if anexaiftfcrutiny was made, other ores might be t'ound of greater value. On our fiifl going on fhorc, the water lide was entirely tovered on every fide with diHereiu kinds of birds, of very beautiful colours, and fo tame, that in lefi than half an hour we knocked down as many as wc could conveniently carry away in our boats; particularly white and painted gccfe, a great numlicr of penguins, cape hens, and other fowls. Thofe which wc called painted gccfe, were nearly of the fi/e of ours, only of a dilFerent lolour, having a ring of green feathers on the body, and ffiots on ditlcrent parts, with yellow legs. A llranger would fcarccly forbear finding at this time upon teeing our fliip, lor never was any fliop in l.caden- hall-market fo pleiuifiilly fupplicd with poultry, and the men in every part were butily eni|)loycd in picking them. As by experience we tound they had a llrong tallc fiom their feeding upon fea-v\ceds, finall lilli, and particulaily liinpiis, ot which there are great plenty as large as oyllers, wc found out a new method of drclTing them, which rendered even thefe fowls extremely palata. ble ; ib that wc had as much provilions, and of the niceft forts, as we could dcfiie. The mcthoil wc purfued, was by cutting them info pieces over night, and letting them lie in falt-water till the next day, and after beipg thus purged by lying in louk, we made theni, with a futlicient quantity of Hour, into pies. Befidcu thefe fow Is, we met with a prodigious quantity of ducks, fnipes, teal, plover, fmall birds, and frtlli-watcr gecfe, which lall, living entirely by the frefli ponds, have a moll delicious lalle, and arc not inferior to thofe we arc accullomcd to cat in England. They arc entirely white except their legs. Wc frequently fent two of our men in fcarch of them, who were furc to bring home half a dozen, or more, which they found a funicicnt load, being nut a little en- cumbered ■ "il: i '^ «,,ii Em ''*,jj *-,■ ^ i!:l*8 Ip'i A u i R ~\ • ■ iii;»i m\ 'l.il 228 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complex i 1 1 B ■J ws^ .laili .ii<<^4iii.^4l cumbered by the hcii^ht ot the grafs. We fount! alfo .» great number oI'lV.ils, ibme of them very large, and fever.ll men were cmplovtcl on fliore, at a place we cilliii Blubber's H.iy, troin the number of thofc animals ue killed for their oil : for when boiled they yielded a fuflicient quantity of it for the (hips companies to burn in latiip^, v\hile the men prcferved their iKins for waill- co:its, and otlier ufes. Wc were not furprifed at meet- ing with fueh a jireat nuinlier of feals, when wc after- wards lound that they had fometimcs i8 or more, at a litter. .Se.i-lioiis of a prodigious iize are alio found on the coalt. The (."ommodore was once uncxpededly attacked by one of thtfe, and extricated himfelf from the impcnduig danger with great difHculty. We had many battles with thii amphibious animal, the killing one of which was frequently an hour's work for fix men : one of them ahii:ill tore to pieces the ("ommodore'n malhlfdog by a linglc bite. The mailer having been fent to found the coall, four very fierce animals ran after the boat's crew till they were up to the nuddle in water, and h.ising no fire-arms, they were obliged to put off tiom the lliorc. 'j'he next day the Commodore and hii party law a fca-lion of an cnormoiH iize, and the crew being well armed indantly engaged hnn. While they were thiJ< employed, one of the other ani- mals polled towards them j but a ball being inllantly lodged ill his biidy, he was foon difjiatched. live of tlu le creatures were killed in their attempts to fei/.e the men, wliom they always purfued the moment they got fight of ilicin. They wire of a mixcil Ihipe, between a wolf and a fov, moll like the latter, but of the li/.c of the former. They burrow in the ground like a fox, feed on fe.ils ami pi ngiiins, and are very numerous on the coafl. The lailors, in order to be rid of Tu h dif- a;;reeable intruders, kt lire to the grafs, wl-.ieh burnt lo rapidly, that the country was all in a blazeTor a few d lys, and thcle anim ils were feen running to feck llieltcr Irom the fury ol the llames. On the north-fide of this harbour is the (uincipal illanil, to which we frequently went on Ihore, on a; count of its lituaiion, and the line profpecl It alfoided fioui a prodigious high hill, which ca mot be amended without dilliculty; but on gaining the fumiu;t, the great f.itigiie of afcending it, is fully rcvompenteii, by the delightful view it comiiiamK of the Ihips at^ anchor, with every part of the harbour ; of the three palfigis into I'.irt l!gmont, the lea whnh furrounds yen on every lidcj aiul all the adjacent illands, which arc upwards ot rtfry, fniall and gieai, all ol wlii< h appealed covered wiiii vir line. While we lay in this h.irbour the crew brcaklallcd on portable-foup and wild celery, thickncd with oatmeal, which made .-» very nutriiive mcfs. O.I Wedncfd-iy t!ic :5d, the Comniodcre, with the Captains of the Dolphin and 'I'amar, and the pi ini ipal ollicers went on ihore, where the Union |ack being erected on ,-i high It.itf, and fpread, the Commodore took polilllion ol this haibour, and all theneiL'hhouring illands, for Ins M.ijelly king (ieoige the third, his heirs and fucceirir'i, by the name ol 1 alkland's lllaruN. 'I'he colours were no fooner fpread, than a falute was fired from the fliip. Our feamen were very merry on the occalinn, a lirge bowl of arrack punch lie.ng carried on llioic, out of whieh they drank, among many other toalts, .Suc(cfs to the difcovejy of lo line a harbour. It was the opinion of the honourable Commodoie ll^ron, that thefe iflands are the fame land to wh,ih ('owley gave the name of I'cp) s's Ifland.and as the Commodore fcems not f) entertain a doubt in his own mind, we flnll lay before our readers, the rcafons he has been pleafcd to give the public in fupport of his opi- nion.- " In the printed account of Cowley's voyage" (ob- fervcs (.'onmiodore Byron) he fays, " Wc held our courfe S. W. till we came into the latitude of 47 deg. where wc faw land, the fame being an illand, not befoic known, lying to the welhvardofus: it was not inhabited, and I gave it the name of Pepys's Ifland. We lound it a very commoiiious place lor (hips to water at, and mke in wooil, an I it has a very ijoml h.irbour, where a thoufand lail of lliips may falely ride, lleic is great 3 plenty of fowls, asd, wc judge, abundance mr,, ' rcalon ot the grounds being nothing but r 1 ' ^^ lands." To this account there is annexed ' '"'' tation of Pepys's Illand, in which names ar" ''^'"^*''" feveral points and head lands, a.nd the harbour*^'*'''' '"" Admiralty Bay ; yet it appears that Co« kv h,'i ''"'"'' dilhnt view ot it, lor he immtdiately adds ■.?""'>» being Co extraordinary high that wc could not ^'"^ t,.v-../ ...w -j,j.v...«..v.,. yj, «uiAi, anu were lakm 1 wood by the l-reiich who landed there in the vcr as appears by Pcrnctty's account of their vonJ'*' it to water, wc Hood to the fouihward (h '''■'""' courfe S. S. W. till wc came into the latitude o^'"'^ ""' and though he fays, that " it was coaiiiiodioi,^^^'''S'" in wood," and it is known that there is no wo„ 4 ' '"i''""= land's Illands. Pepys's Kland and l'alkland'"i n"^- may, notwithllanding, be the fame; lor upo,, 1. ,1, '^""1 Klands thcreaieimmenle quantities ot Ha's with ' leaves, reeds, and rulhes, which grow in'llulta"^!""* to»o-mbu(hc3 about three leet High, and th.n' , ' aboil, fix or (even feet higher : thcle at a diit ,„ [■""* greatly the appearance ot wood, and were uk^n "' has been luggelUd. that the latitude of 'l\|n!,'''^H " might, in ilie manufcript from which the iu'"''' Cowley's voyage was printed, be exprdild m r"""' which It ill luatle, might equally releinble 4- „,'*i''"'' and thcreiore as there is no illand in tluic kus / i ' tude 47, and as Palklands Illands lie neaiiy ,., .''•'■ 5 I might rcalonably be concluded to be the nun'm'' which the lijjurcs were intended to It.uid • ,..^""' thcreiore was nad to the Britilli Muleum, anil aT'"' fcript journal ol Cowley's was there (oiiiul j,,'''""' maiiulcript no mention is made ol an illaiul nui ixi'"' known, to which he gave the name ol Pep,,', i"! " but land is mentioned 111 latitude 4-; deg. 40 ,„,,,' preiftd in woids at length, which ex.ictiv a-ihui"" the delcnption of what is called IVpys's'lilmj m '^ printed account, and which here, he lays, he luppoi.j to be the Illands of Sebald de Wert. I Ills part 01:1,5 manulcript is m the lollowing woids : " Jaiuarv This month wee were m the latitude ol 4- ui,' *^! 40 mm. where wee tlpud an illand beaimg wdl|,t„ wee having the wwul at N. !■,. wee bore a.vav '' being t(K) lute loruMogoe on ihoarc. we lav 1 "'f I!. I( ') •'1. ll'^hi, The Illand leemcd very plealant to the eve. wuh,, woods. I may a. well lay. the whole laiKl'wa, «tw' llRTc being a rock lying alnive water to thcut„ ''i ol It. where were an innumerable company of ioa' being ol the b;;iKlie ol a linall gooU, wtiu], Zl'-' would Itrike at our men as they weicalok- lui,-.''! them wee killed and eat : they fcemed to us veivrll!. Dili) tailed loiiiewhat lilhy. 1 laded along ih,,| ^^l to the louthward. and about the S. W. (iJeoi [he ,|'j'j there (ccmed to me to be a good pi ue (or lliippsn,, ,!• I would have had the lioai out to have g.,iit ino 1' ' harbour, but the wind blew (relh. a.ul they «o„J '^ agree to go wiih it. .Sailmg a hale fjrtlier. kLi' the le.id. and having :(> aiul - lati.om, wuier u,,'] , wee cameto a |)l.icc.«hcre wee law theweedsriJe'hjMr'- the lead agaiiie lound but leaven lathonis «.jttr! Id" ing danger went about the ihijip there, weie theiiiciii! lull to lt.iy by the land any longer, it bfii.j. all iixu 1 ground, but the harlxjur fcemed to be a goiKl (.|juv( ' Ihipps to ride there ; in the illand leemuig hknulcto 1 have water enough j there ieeiiied to ine u> be l.jit ^r lor 500 iaiic ol lliipps. 'Jhc going in but luiro.i. mJ i the noithlideot the intiance Ihaliusv water thatlaulj lee, but 1 verily believe that there is water tiuiug,, lur any lliipp to goc m on the louiii-lide, lor theic uii:io; be lo great a lack ol water, hut mull needs leunita channcll away at the tbbc deepe enough (01 Ihippin- to goc in. I would have had tliem llooJ ulw,! wind all night, but they lold inc ihty wcic net cow out to go upon dilcovery. Wee law hkewile aiiothj lUand by this that night, which made me think ihiii the Sibb e U'wards. The lame night we Ikerul ,« courfe againc \V. S. W. which was but our ,S. W.tif compalle having two and twenty degrees variation ml- eily, keeping that courfe till wc came in the Imiii^ic ol three anil tifty degrees. ' In both the printed and nianufcnpt accomr, 1 -this land is laid to lie in latitude lotty.k\eii, lu k\ liluJlcJ ind rciMiring continued iiuhi tight o'clock, i vith the wiiK Icirccly out at the weather bei not fee the rock to be fife anch toourexpcdati up, though it bl< tftcr having run wc faw a remarl Tanur. I'lve ailed it Ediih another head-li Dpe Dolphin, .'cigues farther Ci.TC Dolphin, having the apjx Sound, though trance of the 1 Wc llocred Iron north, to a low : to. During the I downs, having 11 graft in various ukc notice, that ifland is dcfcril hath already b alfcncd, that tl many rills of w: the latitude whc nor any found ii pretended difcc illand >, we her I probably had nc where you n»cet foggy weather, deceive even an I tike them for la No. i7. that 1I.J1J i'i'StOl.lk'; , 'I IK miotic I T^MMODORE HYRON's VOYAGE— •for making Difcoverics in the Sou i hern Ocean, &c. 229 . .- the weftward of the (hip when firfl: difco- """"i to appear woody, to have an harbour where a r 'number of ftips might ride in fafety, and to be f .rnttd by innunicrable birds. Ic appears alfo by ITVrrnunH. that the weather prevented hii going '^n,nre and that he fteered from it weft- fouth- well. "n he came into latitude fitty-thrcc: i here can there- r he little doubt but that Cowley gave the name of o «.-i idand after he came home, to what he really fed to be the idandof Scbald dc Wert, for which >Sot difficult to aflign fcveral rcafonsj and thoi'sH iJfuDPofition of a miftake of the figures docs not n«r to be well grounded, yet, there bemg no land *P?: fevcn the evidence that what Cowley faw was vZJnd-s iflinds, is very ftrong. The defcription of h, country agrees in almoft every particular, and even Ihtmao is of the fame general figure, with a Rra.t '„',-,; UP the middle. The two prmcipal ittands have H^n probably called Falkland's illands by Strong, "r^t [he viar i()89. as he is known to have given the me of Falkland's Sound to part of the ftrait which Hiwidcs them. The journal of this navigator is ftill unnrintcd m ihc Britifli Mufeum. The iirrt who faw ,|,> idands is fuppofed to be Captain Davies. the af- foc'iatcof Cavendifh in 169a. In 1594, Sir Richard Hawkins faw land, fuppofed to be the iame, and m ho- ^r of his miftrefs. Queen Elizabeth, called them iJawkin's Maiden Land. Long afterwards they were Urn by fome French Ihips from St. Maloes. and Frc- litr probably for that rcafon, called them the Ma- louins, a name which has been lincc adopted by the Sosnia'rds." So much for the difpute concerning the difcovery of thefe celebrated iflands, which the Spa- niards now enjoy unmolcAcd, while to England only jj^i„5 the empty honour of having difcovercd, cxplo- itd and given them a name. We had now completed our watering, furveyed the liatbour of Port Egmont, and provided every necelTary for our departure. This evening the fmith came on board, he having been employed on Ihore, in making and reiMiring iron work for the ufe of the (hip. We continufd in the harbour till Sunday the 27th, when, at tight o'clock, A. M. we left Port FJgmont, and failed with the wind at fouth-fouth-weft. But we were ((irccly out at fca, when it began to blow hard, and (he weather became f<> extremely hazy, that we could not fee the rocky iHands. We now moll heartily wilhcd to be fafe anchored in Lgmont harbour 1 but contrary loourexpcdatioiu, in a mort time the weather cleared up,thoughitblewah«rdgalcall theday. At teno'clock, tncr having run along the Ihore call, about five leagues, wc faw a remarkable head-land, which was named Cape Tanur. Five leagues farther we pafl'cd a rock, and called it Fdillonc. Wc now failed between this and another headland, to which was given the name of Cine Dolphin, in the direiflion of eall-north-eaA, five !;i^ue$ farther. The didancc from Cape Tamar to G'K Dolphin, is about eight leagues, and from its having the ap|Karanceof a found, it was called Carlille Soumf, though it is (ince known to be the northern en- innce of the llrait between the two principal illands. Wc llared Ironi Cape Dolphin along the (hore eall, half north, to a low flat cape, or head-land, and then brought to. During the courfe of this day, the land we faw w as all downs, having neither trees nor buihes, but large tufts of graft in various places. It may not be improper here to ukenotice,thatas in moft of the charts of Patagonia, an iflanJ is dcfcribcd by the name of Pcpys's ifland, as hath already been mentioned, where travellers have alTcrtcd, that they have feen trees in abundance, and many rills of water i but that after feveral attempts in theiatitude where it was faid to be difcovercd, no ifland nor any founding could be found ( in juftice to the pretended itifcovcrcrs of that and other imaginary il1and>, wc here beg leave again to obferve, that they probably had no intention to deceive, for on this coafl, where you meet with frequent gales of wind, and thick foggy wcithcr, we found the banks of fogs were apt to deceive even an accurate obferver, and make him mif- tilc them for land. Thus we ourfelvct have freqacntly No. 17. imagined, that wc faw land very near; but fuddcniy a breeze of wind fpringing up, our fuppofed land diT- appearcd, though wc did not think ourfelves above a league and a half from it, and convinced uaof our mif- take by opening to our view an unbounded profpedl. So eafily does the mind of man, when fet on one particular objed, form to jtfelf chimerical notions of its darling purfuitj and when harrafl<:d,.as wc will fuppofc, by the diftreUcs that frequently attend an cntcrprizc of this nature, make an imaginary difcovery of land, where no- thing but a thick fog, and a va(l extent of Tea, are to be found. On Monday the 28th, at four o'clock, A. M. we made fail, and (leered call-fouth-can, and fouth-fouth-eaft to two low ro ky illands, about a mile from the main; and to a deep found between thefe, we gave the nama of Berkley's Sound. About four miles to the fouthward of the fouth point of this found, the fea breaks very high, on fome rocks that appear above water. The coad now wore a dangerous afpedl ; rocks and breakers being at a conlidcrabic didancc from the (here, and iii lU dircdlions, and the country appeared barren arid dc- folate. much refembling that part of Terra del Fuego *hich lies near Cape Horn. The fea rifing here very high, wc tacked and Hood to the northward, to prevent our being driven on a lcc-(hore. Having now run no lefs then fcvcnty leagues of this ifland, we concluded. It mud be of confuicrable extent. Some former navi- gators have made F.ilkiand's iflands, to be about two hundred miles in circumference, but in the opi.^ion of our Commodore, they are near ycx) miles. At noon we hauled the wind and flood to the northward, the entrance of Berkley's Sound bearing at three o'clock, S. W. by W. fix leagues oflf; and in the evening wc dood to the wcdward, the wind having (hiftcd to the S. W. On Tucfday, the jth of February, at one o'clock P. M. we again made the coad of Patagonia, bearing 5. W. by S. fix leagues didant. At two we paflcd by Penguin Ifland; and at three flanding towards the har- bour of Port Defire, which was two leagues didant, wt to our great fatisfadion, difcovercd the Flora dorcfliip, which nad been fitted out at Deptford, and had on board a great quantity of new baked bread, packed in new calks, bolides brandy, flour, beef, and all fuch ne- cclfury provifioDs and flores fur the ufe of our two fliips. This velfcl, whofe arrival was fo opportune for the pro- fccution of our voyage, was difpatchcd by the lords of the Admiralty, with as much fecrccy as the Dolphin, with refpc^ to the ignorance of the men on board as to their place of dcdination. When (he fird failed from Deptford, flie was fitted out for Florida ; nor did the maderknow, till he arrived fouthward of the line, that he was ordered to recruit the Commodore's vcflTcls. Wc had for fome time pad been uneafy, concluding that this (hip had probably met with fome accident that had obliged her to return : but her appearance agreeably re- moved all the anxiety wc had felt from this groundlefs con'ieiflure ; and indeed it was very h.ippy for us, that we fell in with her at this junfture, which was the more feafonable, as for fome time we had been reduced to a (hort allowance of certain articles of provifions, which (he was able to fupply us with; but had this not been the cafe.a worfc confequciicc mull have enfued, namely, that of being obliged to ftecr to the Caj^e of Good Hope, in order to purchafc provilinns, and cunfcqucntly loflng our voyage ; as by this delay it would be too late for us to attempt a pafl'age into the South Sea, either by paf< fingthe draits of M.igellan, or doubling Cape Horn, confequently an end would be put to all our difcoverics, and the expcncc of fitting us out be thrown away. At four o'clock P. M. having anchored in Port Defire, the mader of the dorcfliip came on board the Dolphin, bringing a packet from the lords ot the Admiralty to the Commodore. This perfon was a midlhipman in his Majcdy's Crrvicc, and was to have a commilTlon as foon as he found the Commodore. He had been fc- veral days in fearch of Pcpys's Ifland ; but was like us obliged to dcfid, and having croflcd the latitude in which it was fuppofed to lie, had met with a dorm that had greatly damaged his mads and fails. In the evcn- 3 M ing M i- ii Mk ;■!■■!? Vi ,i; '.. i *' ir ^3-.'t' \ '»■': rh .it '' ii t' I f ■ t lllll ,!' .t: i m ' ]- y •^; ' 230 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. ■in fH!:teh manner for their intended afTiftance. Thefc orders were pundtu- ally obeyed, and with the aid of our boats only, the florc-fliip was foon after got into deep water. Our people reported, that the French veird was full of men, and fccmcd to have a great many officers. At 3 fix o'clock in the evening, we worked th ■■ouRh the fecond turrow ; and at ten palFed the weft end t Wc anchored at eleven off Elizabeth's llUnH .."1 .''• French (hip did the fame, in a bad fituation, fouth of St. Bartholomew's Illand, whereby ue'uore** us, and we thought (he came from Falkland's lila where is a French fettlement, to take in wood ■ ard vinced (he wag not well acquainted with the rh*"'' On Tuefday the 19th we weighed, and at fixo'dofV A. M. we (leered between Filizabeth and Hnrtholi Iflands, S. S. W. five miles, when wc crollfd ab^'w where among the weeds wc had fcvcn fathonn v, This bank is fituated W. S. W. above five niilcj f'"' the middle of George's Ifland. To avoid danirc' "" is necclTary to keep near Elizabeth's Ill.ind, iiii '.l" wcrtern-fliorc is but a (hort diflancc, and thin a'louth courfc may be failed with great fatety, till thf t"! which lies about four miles to »hc north«.iid of s Anne's Point, is iri fight. The Frenchman ftjl! (on,,^^ ndt, flic was on a fiirvey of the Strait of MagflLm, in uk 'h we were now failing. On the aotli, we hoiftcd outol boats, and towed round St. Anne's Point into P ' Famine. Here wc anchored, at (ix in the cvcninp ^ foon after the French fliip paffed by us to the loutiT ward. During our flay in this port, wc were principaii,* employed, in receiving proviiions from the llore-ft; and completing our woiod and water. On the ^ih' finding that both the fliips had received as mu' h l' ' and proviiions as they could poHibly (low, thr Oim' modore fent home all the draughts of the pin rs ^^( (.J caulcd to lie taken by the ttorc-fliip, with cxprrf, orders, that if they were in any dangrr of brinir hoir,i cd and examined b/any foreign (hips, thtir IniJcnc fliould be to throw the plans and pacqucrs iiiioihc fo On taking leave of the Florida, otir Imatrwam, m,\^] that were fick on board the l>)lphin and Tani,ir ,1^^ taincd leave to return in her to England ; the ( o,,! moilnrc in the mean tiinr, declaring ojx-nly lo ihr cit« in general, that it any of thnn were av^rlc to provfuj ing on the voyage, they had (rce libtrty to rnun' .in oflcr which only one of our men accepted. \V'eno\t with the I'amar failed from Port Famine, intcndiiw to pudi through the llrait before the fcafon (l.oulil he too lar advanced. At noon wc were three If si-iits Jif. j tant from St. Anne's Point, which bore N. W.thncw J four miles from Point Shiitup,which boieS. S.W, i'„m Shutup bears from St. .Anne's Point, S. half |;. and ihcy arc alwut four or five leagues aftindcr. Buuren ihcie two points there is a flit-lhoil, which runs from Fori Famine before the river Scdger, and three it,iIcs toihc I fouthward. At three o'cluck, I'. M. we piHe,) d^J French (liip, which now anchored in a fiujll (^y^ She had hauled clofe to the Ihore, and we wuliifit large piles of wood cut down, and lying on caih (:,ic of her. Upon our return to Kiigland, wc learnt ths (hip was the Eagle, commanded by M. Hougnnvilif and that her bufuiefs in the Itrait m.is, .h the Com. modore had conjei^lurcd, to cut wood lor the I'lcmh I fcttlimrntin Falkland's Iflands. From (ape Shutii j to Cape Forward, the courfe is S. W. by S. liilhn feven leagues. At eight in the evening we hroufihtio, j C4(ie Forward bearing N. W. half W. diilam JxiA a mile. This part of the (f rait is eight tiulei o\er, an. off the cape wc had 40 fathoms within half a cab!. J length of the (horc. On the 26th, at four o'clock, A. M. we nuJefji!, and at ten we kept working to windward, lookin;; on; k the fame time (or an anchonng-placc.andcndMvoiinn.; to reach a bay about two leagues to the weltnarJ oi | Cape Forward. An ollicer was fent intotht trcdi water. On the 28th, we met with cx~ 'TcR-' " »f<""'*^'= W- ^'- '^^^ *'^''-''' ^'"'•■'^ *''^ ^^"^^ i "icncc. that wc were driven -'irec leagues to fhccafi- ! ^'"ai where vvc cart anchor on the top of a rock, in ' "^I'lhonii and a half water, a cable's length from the iLV Hut l<«'n after we parted, or rather fiartcd our ^■jnianihor, and fell off the tock : it was very dark, jthc tl ip '*i" '''^P' driving with her whole cable fflt anil «.n I" the prcatcrt danger of being loft ; how- jjr we let go both bowers in 17 fathoms water. The hrini ft'H ci)ntiniicd to blow very hard, and the fliip I j; fo near the rocks, that the boats could but jull kccpcltir of thefurf off the fliore: but th.u Provi- Lticc which had hitherto attended us, flill continued lohcmir fncnd, and prcfcrved us trom impending jtllru:bon; '"■■ '^^ "'^'" morning we hove in the cable of our ftrcam-anchor, both the Hukes of which were hrakf ; and being thus rendered ufclefs, it was thrown ovfr'wird- ^'^^ f"*^^ ^ '^*^ ""'' K''' '"'' fiay-fails ran outinio :o fnthoms, till we were ex.ii!lly in the fitua- tion tro:n whence we had been driven, where wc an- I cliofcil with our Weft bower. On I'riilav the irt of March, at five o'clock, A. M. wc I ,ti>;hi;f attended wit hli(;ht gales and moilcratewMthcr. I M(c\cn palled Mufcle Bay, a league to the weft ward of I fiiHhith's, on the fouthcrn fliorc. At eight wc were I i»n iMgiH's W. by N. of this bay, and abreaft of f uhclnr's River, which i^ on the north fiinre. A Ica^jue 'nm 'irnrc lies the entrance of St. Jerom's Sour.d, which I uipaliul at n:iic. In our courfe along this coart wc ! fvA a lini)ki , and foon alter difcovercd a great number ! ct InJuns i" dit.iclied parties, fume of Ahom, on feeing us |>;it their c.moes into the water, and nude towards cur ll in. When within mulkct ftiot, they began a ill liidcoiis lliouting, and we hallooed, and waved our hatnls, as lir;nal$ for them to come on board, which afurhavin;; fieqiiently rc|>cated, they did. On cntcr- m the lliip they furveyed it with no fmall Jigns of aironifhmciu, as if they had never feen a veffel of the like kind belorc. Thefc Indians were in general of a middling ll.inire ; and of a very brown complexion, null long l)!ack hair, that hung down to their (boulders. Their liodiis were covered with the fltin of fome ani- mils unknown to us ; but inany of the poor wretches had not a fulf.cicnt quantity to cover their nakcdnefs. Wc trjITicked with them, or rather gave them abun- dance of things, particularly cloaths, which they feenicd to receive witn thankfulnefs: they were alf« exceeding fond of the bifcuit, which we diftributcd among thtm prcity freely, though they appeared rather uinvilling to uKi with any thing in return. Some of thefc people had hows and a^r^s, made of fuch hard woo. . . I-; ? ^' I'il'f^ If '^ % '¥ iS<("': ":i ii i?f mm^ mm ^^e^f .Mlli'^: n ikmmm .it I ' ■ti m : 232 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. an excellent harbour, fit to receive five or fix fait t we were therefore obliged to cad anchor on a b«nl(, with the Urcam anchor, Cape Quod bearing W. S. W. dif- tant ahouc fix miles. An officer was now Cent to look out for a harbour, but he did not fuccecd. On Wednefday the 6th, we moored in ■ little bay oppofite Cape Quod ; and the Tamar, which could not work up fo far, about fix miles to the eaflward of it. This part of the (Irait is only four miles over, and its afped dreary and defolate beyond imagination, owing to the prodigious mountains on each fide of it, which rife above the clouds, and arc covered with perpetual fnow. On Thurfday the 7th, at eight o'clock we weighed, and worked with the tide. At noon. Cape Quod bore £. by S. and Cape Monday, the wcfternmofi land in (ight on the fouth (hore, W. by N. didant ten leagues. The tides here are very (Irong, and the ebb fets to-the weftward, with an irregularity for which it is very difficult to account. At one the Tamar anchored op- pofite Cape Quod, in the bay we had ju(l left ; and m the evening we anchored in a fmall bay on the north Ihore, five leagues to the wellward of Cape Quod. The marks to know this bay are two large rocks that appear above water, and a low point, which makes the caS part of the bay. The anchorage is between the two rocks, the caflernmoft bearing N. E. half E. diftant about two cables length, and the wefiernmofi, which is near the point, W. N. W. half W. at about the fame diftance : there is alfo a fmall rock which (hows itfcif among the weeds at low water, and bean E. half N. diftant about two cables length. Should there be more Ihips than two, they may anchor farther out in deeper water. We found in this part of the (trait few birds of any kind, and but a fmall quantity of mufcles along the (hore ; and though we fent out our boat into a bay to haul the feine, it returned without fucccfs, 'not any fi(h being to be found. Mowever, we frequently found great quantities of red berries, fomewhat rcfembling our cranberries, which being wholcfome and refrefhing proved of contidcrable fcrvice to the Ihip's company. They arc about the fize of an hazle nut, and the chief provilions of the Indians in thefe parts. On the 8tL, we found abundance of Ihell-fifli, but faw no traces of people. In the afternoon, the Commodore went up a deep lagoon under a rock, at the head of which was a fine fall of water, and on the cafi-fide of it feveral fiiiail coves, calculated for the reception of (hips of the greatefi burthen, '^e returned with a boat load of very large mufcles. On the 9th, we got under way, at fevcn o'clock, A. M. and at eight faw the Tanur very far artern. We now flood to the N. W. with a plca- fant breeze at S. by E. but when abreaft of Cape Mon. day Bay, the wind took us back, and continued from fix o'clock to eight, at which time Cape Monday Bay bore E. half N. (ix leagues. On the loth, at fix o'clock, A. M. Cape Upright bore E. by S. diftant three leagues. From Cape Monday to Cape Upright, which are Doth on the fouth (hore, and diJtant from each other about five leagues, the courfc is W. by N. At ten a violent fiorm of wind came on, which was very near etfeifling our de(\ru£lion ; for it was very thick rainy weather, and we fuddenly difcovered funkcn rocks on our lee- bow. juft appearing above the furfacc of the water, at the di (lance of about half a mile from us. We tacked immediately, and in half an hour it blew To hard, that we were obliged to bear up before the wind, and go in fearch of an harbour. We were foon after join«l by the Tamar, who had been fix or fevcn leagues to the eadward of us all night. At fix in the evening we came to anchor in a bay, in 16 fathoms water: but the anchor falling from the bank into 50 bthonu, the Ihip almoil drove on (hore ; happily the anchor dofing with a rock brought us up. We now weighed, and on the I ith (leered into a proper anchoring place, on a bank, whfre the Tamar was riding, entirely furrounded with high precipices, where we lay not more than two cables length from the (hore. There is a bafon at the botttmi of this bay, within which is ten fathoms, and room enough for fix or fcven fail to lie in pcrfeift fecurity. Having at this time heavy fqu»ll, of"""* attended with much rain, the CommnH/,.. •'H generofity that endeared generodty that endeared him to the crew dill d * as much cloth among the failors as would' nuk n"* ' them long waiftcoats , a prefent highly accei»>K "' this feafon of the year, and the more fo, as the »; and men, on leaving England, from their exnefl- fail diredlly to India, had provided no thkk cIm i!*'" And that no partiality might be (hewn to ilv!r"*' board his own (hip. he ordered a fufficient quanhr ?" the ufe of Capt. Mouat's company in the Tamar ^ * On Tuefday the 12th. while we were emnloi^i fearching after wood and water, the Tanur'i bwr '" fent to th^ weAward, with an officer from both n,*" to look for harbours on the fouthern ft>ore. Q i' 14th, the boat returned with the agreeable ncwi"i(, they had found feveral bays, particularly five beL the (hip's nation and Cape Upright, where w^m ? anchor in fafety. When the Commodore heard th in order to encourage his men in the difcharee of ihl''' duty, he ordered a double allowance of brandv to k! given to every one on board, which, with their »,»! fear-nought jackets, nrovided by governmerit. pro»d both comfortable and falutary j for fome hills whi h when we came firll to this place, had no fnow u«!i' them, were now covered, and the winter of this drn and inhofpiiable region feemed to have fct in at ok 1 hofe in the boat, during their abfcncc, were beniehtM" and obliged by diftrefs of weather to land, and uk ' (belter under a tent which they had taken with thtm' They faw a number of Indians employed on the ^ in cutting up a dead whale, which fcented the pUccfa' fome diftance around, it being in a fiate of putreljctim This they fuppofed was defigned for food, feeing th„ cut It in iiTge fliccs, and carried them away on tht7r (houlders to another party at a diftance, wh» fecmM employed round a fiic : however, it is equ«l]y pro|j,y that like the Grcenlanders. they might be making oil for their lamps againft the approaching feverity of winter. One of the officers told us, that near tan. Upright fome Indians had given him a dog, and tlm one of the women had offered him a child which «u fucking at her breaft, but for what purpofe he could not dy. How much foever by their appnrancr, »nd manner of life, thefe feemingly forlorn rational bcinn nwy be degraded in the eves of European j, »c ought not from this trifling incident, to attribute to them kh a (Irange depravity of nature as makes them deflituit of arteftion for their offspring ; or even to think that it ' can be furmounted by the neceffities or wants attending j the moft deplorable fituation ; a notoriety of fadband univerfal hiitory are againft even a fuppofition of this kind. On the 1 5th, at eight o'clock, A. M. ve nadt fail, and in the aitcrnoon we anchored on the eaft.fidc of Cape Monday, in Walli Pot Bay. The pitch of the j cape bore N. W. diftant half a mile, and the ctirctne points of the bay from E. to N. by W. The nnrcft ihore was a low ifland between us and the cape, from which ifiand we lay about half a cable's length. Wt had at this place frequent (howers of rain and htil, with the air all the time exceffive Iharp. On Saturday the 16th, at fix o'clock, A. M. weun. j moored, and at eight a (Irong current fet us to thecal!. ward. In this perplexing fituation were we driven about from place to place, lufing perhaps in 1 few hours, what we had been (ix days and nights woridng to the weflward I for when the wind continues «ith violence there is no regular tide; but on the comraty, 1 conftant wefterly current running two miles an hour. I Perceiving we loft ground, we came to an anchor, but ! finding the ground to be rocky we weighed again ; and { every man on board the reft of the day, and the \«hole I night, continued on deck, during which time the rain \ poured down in unremitting torrents. Notwithllaod- 1 ingthis incc^nt labour, on the s'^th, wchadthcmotyi] longer, fo that we began to think, without a favoutable] X windi,] . A, to.',' ■kl..... AkiiW^'*' '^MODORB BYROM'8 VOYAGE— for miking Difcovcrics in the Soui hern Ocean, 6cc. 233 , "TZZoM be our ill fortune to fpend the winter 1, in one of thefe coves. The Commodore had r , » boat to found the bay on the north (hore, ^"' °",nchora2C could be found. On the a i ft. we fet ^Uhc winJ vfering from S. VV. by W. to N. N. W rked to windward with continual fqualls, which *'*°vils obliged u» to clue all our fails. In the *"""' liilc the Tamar, whom till this time we had ■""" inll fmtu of. by a favourable breeze, got a few "'"" to the wcrtward. where flic lay two days in K"" horatfc. IhrraOcd as we were by continual I ff ""intments, to add Hill more to our vexation and rn «c found our men were attacked by the fcur- """ uhich had made its appearance on many of "'h uywevcr. by the afliftance of vegetables, and '""'"maonlinary care of the Commodore, who caufed l.l(r foiip to be fcrved to the fick, and twice a week P'^'h. whole lliip's company, on Fridays with vieafe. ""in Mondays with oatmeal; and who with the grci ,1 haminity never fpared to diftribute from his r bli- wliaicver might be of ufe for the recovery '* h tf itu'knl by this dreadful dilordcr, it was pre- f ' d from raging with any great inveteracy. On the "i tooorKreat joy we made way, the current fctting he *clHafd- At fu in the evening, we anchored !" n,„„Hlu)us bay on the lail-lideot Cape Monday, ""h'-reihc I'anur lay m 18 fathoms. We found this ,.. vfrv fif'. the ground being excellent. It is re- *'%jblf t'lat notwithrtandinc the late feverity of the ""(her added to their m< eftint labour, the crew of w^h lliips. '" gtncfa'. retained both health and 'C SjnirJjy the ..jJ. at eir;ht oVlotk. A. M. we I - T fct fill, and in a lew hours opened the South Sea, *^^,'h lolud in with a prodigious fwell. At four in '[.jjl^crivon, we authored aUtut a league to the eaft- ' j.jof c:.ii>e U, -right, in a go.)d bay, with a deep Lvi at the Ivntom, by which it may be known. On L ,,;h, the boat was ftnt to the wtftward, with the If ,nJ i'lcf.iUDt, in '"••arch of an hailwur, at which !^kV' '"^ continued rains, and cold unhealthy ,cj.'..f. with ftrong gales from the N. \V. At fix in T- cvt-nint? the i> >at returned without having been 'jj( to get" round C , • U{>righf. On the «5th. the fcl^it was fcni .igai . " 1'' >rms, and a week's provifions, I belli" matrri.ils for ,. /ting a tent, incafe they ftiould |i,iJ and liiid It neciirjrv to make ufe of it. In the (jtninjjthiy returned, having been about four leaguer, ind had found two anttioring places, neither of them vfT, Riwd ; upiii which we weighed, and on the JOth, M to the N. VV. to windward of Cajic Monday. T,x- lltain here are four or five leagues over, arid the I Bountams kinitd lobe ten times as high as the mart I'lirtJofour Ihip. but not much covered with fnow. Wcconrimied under fail, till the wind Increating, and iviolcnt fca from the wclUard coming on, we were (hlgcd to lie to under our clofe reefed top-fails. At fcur in tlie afternoon, the weather became very thick, wd In kh than hah an hour we faw the fouih Ihore, Kific diftance of about a mile, but gi what moderate, continued till midnight to dc dark, rainy, and tcmpcftuous, when foon after the wind changed to the S. W. On Monday the 1 ft of April, we had foft and mo- derate gales, yet ftill the weather continued thick, attended with heavy rain. At eight o'clock, A. M. we weighed our belt bower^ and found the cable much S N wounded Tf If ■' 1 » ■(■;f l'-r^|ii.!ij; 'liii'.l i/|' >'\ I -V.' Aljj i H t''. ■'•■. 11 ''!, '-i i'. ii, I't' ili I'Jl'hJJIr ■• '■ RrI' 'liSi: ;'•«« w llj: '... 234 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete, wounded in fevcral places, which wc thought a great misfortune, it being a fine new cable that had never been wet before. On the 3d, an ofiicer was fcnt from each fliip in the Taniar's boat, in queft of anchoring places on the fouth (horc ; and at the fame time an officer was fcnt in our Commodore's cutter, to explore the north lliore. On the fourth, the ratter returned, with an account ol having found a proper anchoring place to the well of the north fliore. The commanding officer had met with a party of Indians, w'lofc canoe was of a conllru^iion not obfcrved before, b^ing com- pofed of planks fewed together. Thefc Inaisns had no OLher covering than a piece of fca! (kin thrown over their flioulders. Their food, of the mod indelicate kind, was eaten raw. One of them tore a piece of ftinking w lale's blubber with his teeth, and then gave it his coi.ipanionji, '.ho followed his example. One of thcfe Indians, obferving a failor aflecp, cut off the hinder part of his jacket with a fharp flint. About eight o'clock, A. M. we got under fcil, and at fix in the evening ai.chored in the bay, on the fouthern (hore, which had been difcovered, propofingto uke in wood ■nd water. While we lay here, feveral of the natives made a fire oppofite to the (hip; on which wc inviicd them to come on board, by all the figns we could dc vifc; but as they . ould not comply, the Commot'orc went on (hore in the jolly-boat, and made th; ^ pre fents of fevcral triHcs, which much pleafed them. He likewifediftnbuted fome bifcuits among them, and was furprized to remark, that if one fell to the ground, not I (ingle individual would offer to take it up withoiit hisperminion. in tiiemeantimefoineof thefailrrsbcii:g employed in cutcinggrafs for thr few remaining fliecp wc had on board, the Indians inffantly ran to thciratlillance, and, tearing up the grafs in large quant itics, ro(in filled the boat. We «'cre much delighted with this tokn of their good will, and we faw they were pleafed with the pleafure the Commodore had exprcffcd on the occadon. When he returned to the Ihip, they followed him in their canoe, till they came near the Dolphin, at which they gazed with the moll profo>ind affonifi.ment. Four of thiin were at length prevailed on to venture on board; and the Commodore, with a view to their di- verfion, dcfircd one of our midlhipmen to play on the violin, while fome of the fcamen danced. The pot'r Indians were extravagantly delighted ; and one of them, to icttit'y his gratitude, took to his canoe, and fetching fome red paint, ru'. jd it all over the face or the mu- ficiaH) nor could the Commodore, but with tliC utmuff difficulty, efcape the like compliment. When they had been diverted fome hours, it was hinted to thim, that they (liould goon fliore, which vhey ai length did, though with the utr oil reluctance On Sunday the 7th, «t fu o clock,A. M. wc weighed, and got under fail, witn the wind at 1-'.. S. K. At this fortunatcchangeof weather joy appeared in every coun- tenance, pnd never were people in higher fpirits. Icr fix weeks we had been beating to windward, having been fevcral times driven back, and narrowly eilaped the greatctl dangers; but we now flattered ourfelvei, that wc fhould mortly arrive in the lacific Ocean, the ultimate end of our withes ; but at eleven o'clock the wind ceafed,and the current dtovc us two lto fathoms water. Ac four o'clock, P. M. the boat belonging to the Tamar, which had, as wc riKntioncd, been lent out fome time before, returned from the wcffv/ard, having been to the fouihward of Cape Dcfiada, on the fouth (hore, and tound many c^ venient places for anchorage ; but the people in the boat were much fatigued b> their iung and laborious rowing. On the 8tti, at two o'clock, A. M. we fct fail, with the wind at W, by N. and at eleven, came to an anchor in a wry good bay, between Cape Upright, and Cape Pillar. In this bay wc found plenty of excellent fifli hot much unlike our trout, only 11' 1 more red caff. We here met with coondon. On the 27th, wc had a diHaiit view of th illand, the land of which rifci to a great height. Ouri cutter was fcnt afhorc to find a ,>lace to anchor inJ but (cturn«i ai four ia th« afceriwan, withgut fucccfu i ".■<■ ..■ ■ b^ >.i.i.*.ikik;j»4' Commodore BYRON'sVOYAGE— for baking bifcoveries in the Southern OfcEAN.&c. 23 J Iktcaufiht agreat number of tifli. They had no found- ,5 with 100 fathom? line. On the 28th, however, wc '"tic to an anchor on the eafl-fide of the ifland, in 24 fhdiiw water, at which time the, extremities of the 11' |^(j jppeare I on the S. and N. W. The tops of the 'Lntams arc not always to bcfecn.they being in fomc rts covered with clouds, which hang hovering over ^■11 and the air on their tops being fcldom clear. At I ven in tlie morning we fent out our boat, with an Lff to find out a convenient place to wood and wa- -r in on fliore. The furfaceof this iHand is very irregular j but the 11(15 have a beautiful Verdure, and their (ides are full f trees from the top to the bottom. At a great dif- * indeed thofe Ijcauties are not vifible, but when "thii a n'''*^ °^ thereabouts, they form a moft delight- jl iifpecl. The goats, which we faw in great num- klrs were fo fl'; . t^*" ^^ found it dilTicult to get near , ' ffpcciaily within the dirtance of a mufkct (hot ; i^^-cT, we ms'''^ 3 ^'^' 'o '''" fome. and we thought *(m to be excellent food, particularly the kids. Wc Jiftned a remirkabie circumftance, with rcfpec^ to pro of them which we (hot, they having had their cars Jit *hen yoi' ■■ It is probable, that the men who ^^ ftnr on board the Tryal Sloop by lord Anfon, Btxamine into the ftateofthisinaiid, had more ferious «,p|nyment than that of flitting the cars of the goats ; «i It appears much more probable, that fomc folitary Wkirk had dwelt he.—. "'*"'. like his nainefakc, at Juan fimandcs, when he caught more than he wanted, pried, and let them go. However, during our (lay « this place, wc faw no traces of any human being. lounJthc fouth-lideofthe fhorc wc found a red earth, jmregnsted with large veins of a gold colour. The ^arc every where /cry ftecp, and near them you onnot find Icfs *han from 24 to 50 fathoms. We found ifvff)' where diffjcult to get on (hore, it being full of Kcijand lirge Hones, with a very great furf. Round ^illind *e met with great quantities of filh, fuch as onlics, bream, maids, and congers of a particular (jml: with a Angular fort of tifli called chimncy- (itcpers, fomcwhat like our carp, only larger. There iinother fpecics of valuable (i(h, which we called cod. tis not exaftly like our cod in (h.ipe, but the tade is (•lally aRrecablc. We likewifc found a great number rfcny-ltlh, which were fo large as to weigh eight or U pounds each. We faw a multitude ol (harks, one ((»h:ch was near c?rrying off one of our men. As Atijreat fweil would not permit the boat to approach kilwre, he was fwimming a calk to it; but the failor i)io«i always left to take care of the boat, faw the Iwk within a few yards of his companion, juH ready uftizc upon him, and called to him to haften afliore, iliich, throuj^h his great fright, he could hard'y reach. Ihcbo4i.kt:')cr having the boat-hook in hit hand, [irack at the (hark with great force, but without any Uhlf f iVifl. The dog-filh we met with here arc very [Hrchicvous, and dcftroy atnindance of the fmaller fort dfiih: they frequently obliged us to haul in our lines, Itvhcn near, no other filh arc to be fouiii. Defides iMc.the Ihore is generally crouded with feai: .nd fea- fani. The dog-filh does not appear to have thv- ieaft inlmibiance of a dog, or any other animal, and there- Ik It is dilficult to determine the derivation of its It has a roundi(h bcKly, and indead of fcMrs, il^)^T^rvi with that rough (kin ufcd by joiners and obrrmakers for polilhing wood, generally known kfihenameof fi(h-(kin. Its ba'k is of a brnwni(h a(h- liNour; hut its belly is commonly white, and fmoothcr | proachcs, fomctimcs by fnorting like horfcs, and at others, by grunting like hogs. The males have fre« qucntly furious battles about their females. This ifland is ufually called by the Spaniards, the IjcfTcr Juan Fcrnandes, it being about 22 leagues to the W. by S. of the ifland more frequently Called by that name : and is termed Mafa-Fuero, from its being at a greater diftancc from the continent. In his way to this place, the Commodore was not far from the fpot, where he had endured the extremity of wretchcdnefi 24 years before, when he was a midlhipman, under Captain Cheap, on board the Wager, a frigate of 28 guns, one of the fqtiadron which was commanded by Commodore Anfon, in his memorable expedition to the South Sea, and which was wrecked on the lliore of an ifland on the coall of Chiloe. In many refpedls this ifland and that of Juan Fcrnandes rcfemble each other : the (hoic of botli is flcep, and for the mod pan have little frcfh water ; but no fpring was here found com- parabl" to th.-it of the watering place at the Greater Jua.. Fcrnandes: they arc both mountainous, and adorned with a variety of trees, which with the different bearings of the hills, and the windings of the valleys form, even from tht fca, the moll rude, and at the fame tine the mod elegant profpnlls. None of the trees of the greater Juan Fcrnandes arc large enough for any conliderable timber, except the myrtle, the trunks of fom uf which arc of fuch a li/.c, as to be worked 40 feet ■ii length. Bjt the ^.;ts of the greater Juan Fcr- nandes arc much fewer in number than at Mafa-Fuero ; the Spaniards having placed no uugs on the latter ifland, in order to dcdroy them. With rcfpcdl to the plenty of excellent filh, and the number of amphi* bious animals, as feals and fca-lions, which line the fhores of both, they perfcdlly rcfemble each other. In Mafa-Fuero arc many cafcacics, or line falls of water, pouring down its fides into the fea. But our day here was fo (hort, and ye were fo feldom on (horc, that we had neither leifure nor opportunity to view this little ifland, with the accuracy and prccifion that fllight be wifhed, and that was abfolutely riecelTary for taking a full view of the delightful fpots which we faw, with the confulion that ncccffarily attends a didant profpedt. The grcated difadvantage belonging to this ifland is that of not having fuch a commodious harbour, as the ifland of Juan Fcrnandes. While wc were taking in water for the (hips, when. ever our men found any great furf, they by order of (ht Commodore, fwam to and from the boats in cpd|( j ackcts I for he would by no miani admit of t)>ci( foinjl - 1 into ' .'1 Bt 1 ^ L ••'i 336 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. H 4l^«' i5. into the water without putting them on, he being fully fenfible, that when properly fccured on the body, the pcrfon who ufcs them cannot polTibly link, or fuffer any confiderable inconvenience, if he does but take care to keep his head above the furface of the water, which is eafily done. But thefe jackets afforded no defence againd the fharks, which were often very near the fwimmers, and would dart even into the very furfto feize them : our people however providentially efcaped them. One otthefe vonlcious fifli feized a large feal clofc to one of the watering boats, and devoured it in an in- ftant ; and the Commodore faw another do the fame, clofe to the ftern of the fliip. The following little adventure alfo took place while wc lay off this ifland. The gunner and one of the feamen, who were with others, on fliorefor water, were left behind all night, being afraid to venture in the boat, as the fea ran high. The Commodore being informed of this circumftance, fcnt them word, that as blowing weather might be cxpcded, the fliip might he driven from her moorings in the night ; in which cafe they would infallibly be left behind. This mcflagc being delivered, the gunner fwam to the boat ; but the failor faying, he had rather die a natural death than be drowned, refufcd to make the attempt ; and taking a melancholy farewell of his companions, refolvcd to abide his fate; when jull asthe boat was going to put otf, a niidfliipman took the end of a rope in his hand, and fwam on Ihore, where he remonnrated with the difconfolate tar on the f \nl refolution he had taken, till having an opponunll! jf throwing the rope, in which was a running knot ro a his body, he called to the boats crew to haul' aw ■ who inftantly dragged him through the furf Into t'h'l boat: he had, however, fwallo wed fo much water th I he appeared to be dead ; but by holding him upbvthl heels, he was foon recovered j and on the day fnii !• I was pcrfcdly well. ' ""'''*"'g| Having taken in as much wood and water weather would permit, the furf fometimcs fwt ,„„ ^ fuch a manner, as to prevent our boats cominu nnrl the (horc, we thought of leaving the ifland j butbcfo,J our departure, in the evening of the 29th, the Co T modorc removed Captain Mouat from the Taniar alidl appointed him Captain of the Dolphin, all flap-nfiKfJ having a commander under them. This oicjfio" f feveral other changes. Mr. Cumming, our firft hlj tenant, was appointed Captain of the Tamar, and J received in his room Mr. Carteret, her firll lietucnanLi The Commodore alfo gave Mr. Kendal, one of ihd mates of the Dolphin, a commifTion as fecotid lnutcJ nant of the Tamar. After thefe promotions, on ihl 30th we weighed, and Ileered along the E. and N EJ lideof the iAand, hut could find no anchorinj^; placf! , bore away therefore, with a frelh breeze at S. I,, anj at noon the center ofthe ifland was dilUntci^htln.-nri inthedirciflionofS. S. E. ^^ C II A P. III. fiv Dolpl'iit anii Tam/tr (oiitmie thdr cottrfc frmn tht Ijhnd of Mj/ii'Fufro tue/hvard — Arrive off certain IcMtiful hhi xvhicb tin- luiiieJ ilv Ijhnds of Difiif>pti»tmfHl, btcemfe no tLtcet of UKborttge could be found — The nativa «/ /i, J Jjlands difiikd — hin^ Ueorf^e' s Ijkiuts difcaoered—^Atolber IjJand is fcen, end called ibe Prince oflFalts't ljland—Ai\ fcripttou of theft ijlandi — .-Ifo a particular account of the nibnhitiinls, and of feveral incidents that happened ''dulc liv/L^ xcere cxpJort!.^ them — Thrljland of Danger pq/Jfd — 'The Duke of ivrk fjland difctvercd — Another new ljtuiUj.i,iI luhubreceivei^lbe name of Byron's Ijlahd — The perfons andiehr^'jiour aftie InMOHs drfcnkd. ON the firl\ of May, being Wednefday, we con- tinued to lUir N. l>y W. but on the (econd, at noon, wc alttred our Louric, and ftcered due wefl, with the view of falling in « itii ^n ifland, which ia laid down in the charts by the name of Davis's Land, in latitude 87 dcg. 3oinin S. but on Thurfday the 9th, the Com- modore laid atide hiiidclign, being in latitude 26 deg. ^6 min. S. and in 94 ilcg. 41; inin. W. longitude ; and having a great run to nuke, he determined to fleer a N. W. cuurfc, till he ihnuld fall in with a true trade wind, and then to fearch for Solomon's IHandsi but the difcovcry of both thefe fpots of land was refcrvw,! fr)r u future navigator ; for the Commodore, in crningg the fouthcrn ocean, miffed of the iilands, which Imvc tincc been named the Society lUcs ; and about the bine dif- tance to the fouthward of the Marquefas, difcovcred by Mcndana, a Spaniard, in the year iW, ^nd after- wards explored by Captain Cook. We had hitherto enjoyed a coiKinucd fcrics of tine weather^ but tiie nearer we appro.ii:hed the line, the crew began to iail down with the fcurvy verv iaii, and every clay, to the end of this month, brought with it an increale of that dreadful difbrder. Ontheioih, and following day, we faw feveral doiphiiu and boncttai round the ibip, and ubferved a few birds which had a fhurt beak, all their bodies being white, except the back, and the upper part of their wings. On the 14th, in latitude 34 deg. JO min. S. and in 97 dcg. 45 min. W. longi- tude, we law more of thefe birdf, and feveral gram- pulle.f, from whence imagining we might approach to- ward foine land, we kept a good kx>k-out, but found our expectations difappointcd. On Ihurfday the i6th,two remarkable birds,. is large as gccfc, with white bodies, and black lugs were ob-. ferved Hying very high, from whence it was conjedured that wc had pafTcd tome main-land, or illandi, to the fuuthwitrd of us{ fur the iitit night wc obfcfvodj that, 3 '.' .•: notwithflanding we h»d a great fwell from thatqnartcd yet the water iH-came q'litc fmooth lor a tttt ho,iJ after which the fwell returned. On Wcilixldiy ih und, being in latitude 20 degrees 5a n»in. S. aiul ii •'5'^<'8' 3* "*'"• W. ihefucll fiotn the louih*i(( was fo great, that wc expei^ied every minuiv, toUcoui malh roll over ihe ihip'i tide ; to prcvciic which, an 10 cafe the Ibip, wc hauled more to ilic nmihward This day we caught, fin the (irf) (iaie, iMuhonrin^ and were vifued by fome tropic birds, larger chia <:i| >vc had fcen Itet'ore. Tbcir whole plunugc wa:i uh.id and they had in each of their tails tttu long feathca On Sunday the a6th, we were in latitude \tk 55 minutes S. and in 1127 dcg. 55 min. W. Idii^iiuiIil when we faw two large btnls about the lliip, all hIjiJ exce|K their necks and beaks. TIk ftadiersol ikJ wings and tails were long, yee they flew very luavilyl Wc luppofed them, from this lall circunillanie, 10 h/ a fprcict that did not tiy far from tlK fltorc. Wcha^ inruKincd that before we had run fix degrees ki ili northward of MaTa-Fuero, we Oiould have been f.ivourl cd with a fettled trade wind to the 8. E. hut ihcHimif llill continued to the north, though we had a mm tainous fwell from the S. W. On the iM\, tuouikl birds, one black and white, and the other hruwn anJ white, wrHtId Ihivc fettled on the yards, but were inl timidated by the working of the (hip. On the yiV our people began to fall down with the fcurvy vciy liili which made ui wifh iot land. At length, after a pal] fage of { t days. On i' riday the 7th of June, at one o'clock, A. the Tamar made the fignal of feeing laiHi; nn whicl we brought to till daylight > and in the mean tmij lUttcred ourfirlvei with the pleiiing hopes of k^cttii fbmc kinds of refV •.'•)*.■•. ,4, I, i»«iir m.,... ^4;h.V.-«: r# CoMMf'ooRE BYROM's VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the SoaTHERN Ocean, &c;. 237 tirenty degrees of the line, are frequently well ftorcd lith fruit of all kinds. Soon after day-brcak, we had the pleafurc of feeing a low fmall ifland, covered with brtutiful trees, and on failing to the leeward, wc were ^aled with the fmell of the fincft fruits. The ISir wretches who were able to crawl upon deck, flood Miini? 0" '*''* *'"'* paradifc, which however nature Ld forbidden themtoentcr, with fenfations which can- ot eal'ily be conceived. They faw cocoa-nuts in abundance, the milk of wlych is perhaps the moft [lovicrfai antifcorbutic in the world s and to increafc [jjcir mortification, they faw the flicils of many turtles fcaticred ab«ut the (hore. Thefe rcfrcfliinents, frr wnt of which they were languiihing to deach. were as elFccbally beyond there neach, as if there had been half [hccircunrfercncc of the globe between them ; for an olliccr having been quite round the ifland, reported, that no bottonj could be found, within lefs than a cable's length trom the fliore, which wu furrounded, clofc to ,1,5 btarh with a Oecp coral rock i and that, at the dti- tancc of three quarters of a mile from the (hore, no foundings could be had with 140 fuhom of line. Be- Wcs, had we at one place caft anchor in 45 fathoms, ihcfjrfupon the Ihore was fo great, that the fliip would \wi been in great danger of being (Irandcd. This liland lies in the latitude of 14 deg. 5 min. S. and mm deg. 4 min. W. longitude from London. It extends 12 niiles in lengths and in the body of the ifland is a good deal of water. which was, we apprehend, tallied over the banks, a\ fome of them appeared to have been broken. We foon perceived it was inhabit- ed lor wc fiw numbers of Indians upon the beach, with Ipcars in thi'ir hands, that were at lead 16 feet long. Thry ran along (he fliore, abreafl of the ftiips, dancing, hillooiiip, and Ihnuting in the rnoft hideous m.tnner. Trty frc-iucnily brandilbed their long fpears, and then i,Hr » thfinfclves backwards, and lay a few minutes BoaonUfs, as if they hid been dead; doubtlcfs mean- inir to lij;nify thereby, that they would kill whoever diojld prcfiiuK to go on ihore. Notwithftanding various ftgns ot amity and g'tien^c for the return 01 our cutter, wc lired a gun, a-\ fignal for our men to coiT.e on board, which terribly alarmed the Indians, "ho feemed to confult among themft Ives what meaiurei It would be molt prudent for them to take. Th-.y kept abreafl of the boats, as they went founding alqrig the ihore, and ufed many thrc.itening g ■ftu'-es, to deter them from landing. Their canoes they dragged into the wootls, and at the fame time the women came with great ftones in their hands to aflift the men in pre- venting, what they doubtlefg thought to be, ourhoflile intentions. The cutter returned near noon, bringing much the fame account of this as of the other illand. there being no foundings at a cable's length from the fliore, with a line of 100 fathoms. Thit gave us m- exprclfiblc concern, as we had now 30 fick on board, to whom the land air, the fruit and vegetables, that ap- peared fo beautiful and attradlive, would have affuided 1 Timcdiate relief and returning health. Finding it im- poflible to obtain thofe tempting refrefliments which hung full in our view, wc quitted, Nvith longing eyes, this paradife in appearance, to which the name was with propriety given of the lllandsof Difappointment. Continuing ourcourfe to the welhvard, on the9rh we faw land again, at the diftance of feven icnoues, W. S. W. At feven o'clock, P. M. we brought to for the night. In the morning of the lOth, being within three miles of the fliore, we found it to be a long low ifland, with a white beach of a pleafant appearance, covered with cocoa-nut and other trees, and furrounded with a rock of red coial. We flood along the N. E. fide, within half a mile of the fliore, and the natives, on feeing us, made great lires, and ran Wong the beach, abreaftofthe fhips in great numbers, armed like the natives of the iflands we had lall vilitcd.and like them, thry appeared to be a robuft and fierce race of men. Over the land wc cou'd dilVern a large lake of (hit- water, whiih appeari-d 10 be two or three leagues wide, and to reach within a fmill diftance of the oppofitc (hore. Into this hike wc obferved a fmall inlet, aljouta leajTiie Irom the S. W. point, where is a little town fe.ited under the (hade of a fine grove of cocoa- niit- irccs. 1 he Conmiadorc imnicdiatcly lent off the boats to found; but they could find no anchoi age, the fliore being every where perpendicular as a wall, ex- cept at the mouth of the inlet. Wc Hood clofc in with the fliore, and faw hundreds of the natives ranged 111 good Older, and flanding up to their waiPs in water : they were all armed, like tliofe we had (ecn in the oth/ir illaiids, and one of them carrievl a piece of mat, faflcneil to the top of a [wle, which we imagined was an cnfinn. I'hcy made a loud and inceflant iioifc; and inaliitle time, many large canoes came down to the boats, but With no friendly intentions, for wt foon perceived their main deiign was to haul our boats on fliore. One of them went into the ■rai..ar's boat, and with the greatell adtoitncfs feired a feannn's jacket, and jumping over- board with it, never oikc appeared above water, till ho was clofc in fliore among ius companioni: another got hold of a midlhipnian's hat, but not knowing hgw to take it oft", he pulled it downwards, inftcad of lifting it up I fo that the owner had time to prevent his taking it away. Our leamen bore thefe infults wirh much iisticnce, is tfanf^reflions gf the liiiiple chiU drrn of nature. I I O w . Finding' . "1! ' li"l?,.,,.i. mv '-r''^ mm !,.!'. . »' T> M.| ill kJi-j HI I ■ THi'l 4 ''aJ ,1 iitr -li Hi ■ " i 'i 111! 1,11;^' , *'i jpill^l''* ^ ir,ll.hl. S38 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD CdMPLETE. Finding about nooft, that there was no anchorage here, we (teered along the (horc to the wellermod point of the ifland, and when we came to it we faw another ifland, bearing S. W. by W. at aix)ut four leagues dif- tance. We were now about one league beyond the inlet, where we had left the natives ; but they were not contented with our having quietly left them i for we now obfcrvcd two large double canoes failing ftfter the fhip, with about thirty men in each, all armed after the manner of their country. The boats were a good way to leeward of us ; and the canoes palTing be- twecn the (hip and the fliore, fcemed to chace them with great refolution. Upon this the Commodore made a fignal for the boats to fpeak with the canoes, which they no fooner perceived, than they turned towards the Indians, who being inftantly fcized with a fudden panic, hauled down their fails, and paddled away at a furprizing rate. The boats, however, came up with them ; but notwithftanding the dreadful furf that broke upon the fhore, the canoes puflied through it, and were inftantly hauled upon the beach. Our boats followed them, when the natives, dreading an invafion of their country, prepared to defend it with javelins, clubs, and (lones: upon feeing this, our men fired, and killed two or three of them ; one of whom who Rood clofe to the boats, received three balls, which paifed quite through his body: yet he afterwards took up a large none, and died in the adion of throwing it. Tlie Indians carried off the red of their dead, except this one man, and made the bed of their way back to their companions at the inlet. The boats then returned, and Drought off the two canoes they had purfucd. One of them was 32 feet long, and thepther fokncwhat lefs: both were of a very curious condruAion, and muft have been formed with prodigious labour. They confided of planks exceedingly well w; Hight, and in many places adorned with carving; thefe planks were fewed together, and over every fcam there was a flip of tortoifelhell, very ingcnioully fattened to keep out the weather. Their bottoms were as tharp as a wedges and the boats bemg very narrow, two of them were joined laterally together by a couple of drong fpars, fothat there was a fpacc of about eight feet between them. A mad was hoided in each, and a fail was fpread between the mads: this fail was made of matting, and remarkable for the ncatnefs of its workmanfliip. Their paddles alfo are Mcry curi- eus, and their cordage as good, and as well niade as any in England, though it appeared to be made only of the outer covering of the cocoa-nut. When thcfc vcfTels fail, feveral men fit on the fpars which hold the canoes together. The furf which broke high upon the f}iore, rendering it impoffible to procure rcfred)ments for the lick, in tnis part of the illand, wc returned back to ihe inlet, in order to try what more could be done there ; but the boats being fcnt to found the inlet again, re- turned, and confirmed their former account, that it afforded no anchorage for a fhip. While the boats were abfcnt, a great number of the natives were fctn upon the fpot where wc had left them in the morning, \rho fcemed very bufy in loading and manning fonie canoes which lay clofe to the beach. The Commodore, thinking they might be troublcfoine, and being unwil- ling to have rccourfc to the fanguinary means which had before been ufed, fired a fhot over their heads, which produced the intended cft'cft, for thty inflaiiily dif- perfed. Jud before the clofe of the evening, our boats landed, and brought offa few cocoa-nuts, but faw none »1 the inhabitants. On Tuefday the nth, in the morning, the Commo- Iday Che 1 all the dorc, with all the men who were ill of the fcurvy, and capable of doing it, went on diore, where ihcy ton- iiiuirJ the whole day. Thehoules were totally dcrcitrd, except by the dogs, who howled incefTantly, from the ritnc wc came on lliore, till wc returned to the fhip. f he wigwams were low mean drudurcs, thatched with (lie Ic.ivcs of cocoa-nut trgcs j but they were delight- hilly fituatcdina fine grove of da^cly trees: many of M hii h v\ crc fuch as wcwcre entirely unacquainted with. I he (horc was covcicd with coral, and Ihclls of very itiigr peji] uylleisiind ihcCommoiiore firmly believea, that As profitable a pearl fifliery mi^ht bfc cllabiifhed h as any in the world. In one of the hlits tvas found t7* carved head of a rudder, which had evidently belon !5 to a Dutch long-boat. It was very old and w eaten. A piece of hammered iron, a piece of brirs""!! fomc fmall iron tools, were alio found, all which' Ti mod probably been obtained from the fame fliin t which the boat belonged. The inhabitants of thef illands were not uver-burdened with cloathing • th men we faw were naked, but the. women had a piece f cloth of fome kind hangmg from the wain as lowastU kneci The cocoa-nut tree fecms to furnifh them with all the necefliiries of i:fe, particularly food, fails cord age, timber, and vefTels to hold water. Clofe to th " houfes we difcovered buildings of another kind, which appeared to be burying-places. They were fituated un der lofty trees that gave a thick gloomy fhade: the fidti and tops were of done, and they fome what reffmblcd in their ligurc, the fquare tombs with a flat top in out country church-yards. Near thefc buildings we found many neat boxes, fullof human bones j and upon the branches of the trees that fhadedthem, hung a great number of heads and bones of turtles, and a variety of other tifh, inclofed with a kind of bafkct work of reeds. We here faw no venomous creature ; but the mufquetoes covered us from head to foot, and intefttd not only the boat, but the diip, being an intolerable torment. Wc obfcrved a great number of parrots and parroquets, with a variety of other birds, altowthet unknown to us. We faw alfo a beautiful kind of doves fo tame, that fome of them frequently came dufe to us' ahd followed us into the Indian huts. The frefh water here is good, but rather fcarcc: the wells that fupply the natives being fo fmall, that when two or thm cocoa-nut fhells have been filled from them, they.ic dry for a few minutes 5 but as they prefci\tly'lil! im„ if a little pains were taken to enlarge them, they would abundantly fupply any diip with water. Wc obtained cocoa-nuts and fcurvy-grafs in gnat quantities, which were mod incdimableacqulfitions, ashy this time there was not a man on board who was wholly untouched with the fcurvey. All this day the natives kept thimfcKcj clofely concealed, and did not even make a linokc upon any part of the ifland, as far at wc could fee. In the evening we all returned on board, highly pleafej w ith this day's amufcmcnt and work. This illand lin about 67 leagues from the Iflands of Difappointmcrt, in the diredtion ofW. halfS. and in the latitude of i4dtg. 29 min. S. longitude 148 deg. 50 mm. W. 1 he inhabitants fcem to have fome notions of religion, as wc law a place, which wc concluded to be appropri-' ated to their manner of wurfhip. A rude, but vcir agreeable avenue opened to a fpacious area, in which was one of the laigcd and molt fpreading ccKoa^ wc faw in the place i before which were feveral l.irgc ftones, probably altars t and Iroin the tree hung the figure of a dog ailorncd with feathers. On VVednefday the 12th, we vifitrd another ifland which had txcn fcen 10 the wcftwardj and llccrcd S. W. by W. dole alm.g the N. E. lide of it, which is about fix or fcvcn leagues long. This illand miku much the fame appearance a» the other, having » jartrc fait lake in the middle of it. The Ihip no fonnrrrame in light, than the natives tcpaiitrd in great numbers in the biach, armed in the fiiine manner ns (hole already defcnbed, but not of fuch boiflerous manners. Ihe boats founded as uluai along the lliurc, but hid (IriCt orders nut to inotell the Indians, except it ihould be abfolutcly neccfliiry in their own defence; but un the contrary, to ule every gentle method in order to obuin their lonfidence and jioud will. They rowed as near (he Ihore a> they duid for the furf; and making ligni of their wanting water, the Indians readily umlcrlluod them, and direiftcd them to run down farther along ihc fhore, which they did, till they came abrcad of fuch a clutter of houlci, as wc had jud left upon the otlcr ifland. The Indians followed them thither, and were there joined by many others. The b iat« intmcdistcly hauled clofe into the furf, and we brought to with the Ihips, at a little diftance from the iiiorc t upun whith, a ^.^ 'b'. MoboRfi iBYRON'sVOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 239 Com „„,. old man, with a long wtiite beard, came dowrt Imihc houfcs to the beach, attended by a young ^ and appeared to have the authority of a chief or C On his making a fignal. the reft of the Indians -«dtoa fmall diftunce. and he theh advinced to f Mter's edge, holding in one hand the green branch £Vr«. and in the otfier grafping his beard, which I ? Jfflid to his bofoirt. In this attitude he made i L^ fpeech. or rather fong. for it had an agreeable ^1 »rC We were forry that we could not underftand ' ?: but to (hew our good will, while he was fpeak- . we threw him fome trifling prefents. which he l^ld neither touch himfelf. nor fuffer them to be ied by others, till he had done He thert walked •^fl the wter. and threw to ui the green branch ; Z which he took up the thing, which had been Zm from the boats. Every thing having now a Sy .ppcarance. we made figns that they (hould lav Sn their arms ; and nmft of then™ having complied. w of the midfhipmen, encouraged by this teftimony ^confidence and friendfhip. leaped out of the boat .ith his clothes on. and fwam through the furf to the C on which the Indians flocked round him. ftnging !d dancing as if to exprefs their joy. and began to „«nine his clothei with Iceming curiolity ; they par- ddirly (hewed figns of admiration on viewing his «iftcMt- upon which he took it oflf. and prefcnted 1^0 them. This aft of generofity had a difagreeable (M, for he had no fooner given away his waiftcoat. H^oneof the Indians untied his cravat, and the next Intntrnatcheditfrom his neck, and ran away with : He therefore, to prevent his being ftripped. made 1 beft of his way back to the boat. We were ftill Lrtvcr upon good terms, and feveral of the Indians Zsa offto us. fome of them bringing a cocca-nut, and Lkm a little.frefli water in a cocoa-nut Ihell. we ^^Mvourcd to obtain from them fome pearls, but wc Zi not nuke ourfelvcs underftood. Wc ftiould. how- JTprobahV have fuccccdcd better, had an intercourfe Tinvkind been cftabliftied between us , but unluckily Anchorage could be found for the thips. In the lake «fa« two very large vcflcls.oneofwhichhadtwoinafts, «v| fome cordage aloft. To thefe two iflanda the Com- modore cave the name ofKing George'* inands.in honour ofhiiprdent Majcfty. That which we laft vifited lies in UiituJc i4dcg.4i min. S. longitude 145 deg. 15 mm. W. On Thurfaay the 1 jth, having continued our courfc ,0 the well ward, about three o'clock, P. M. wedefcried Unci bearing S. S. W. diftant fu leagues. Wc im- mediately ftood for it, and found it to lie E. and W. and to be about 60 miles in length. It is diftant from K1112 Georges lllanda about 48 leagues, in the direc- tion of fouth 80 deg. W. Htuated in the latitude of K dec !>. and the weftermoft end of it in iji dec. (1 min. W. longitude. Wc ran along the fouth-dde if it and the appearance of the country exhibited a rleafant green furlace j but a dreadful furf breaks upon Ivery part of the Ihore. with foul ground at fome dif. (.met, and at about three leag.ies arc many rocks and iilots. It has a narrow neck of land running S. by W. jikI N. by E. Wc law a number of Indians and feveral Hiincs difperfed about different parts of the illand. to which was given the name of the Prince of Wales'* lamd. From its wcftern extremity, we fteered north jSdeg, W. and on the t6th at noon, obferved in la- litiide 1 4 deg. s 8 min. S. and in 1 56 deg. ii min. W. longitude. The niountainou* fwell from the foulhward, thi( h to this day we had loft, now returned ; and we were attended with vaft Hocks of bird*, which in the evening took their flight to the fouthward 1 from which appearant es we concluded, more land lay in that direc- tion (the difrovcry of which wc- fliould have attempted, had nut the fn.knefs of the crews in both (hips been an inluprrable bar to fuch an attempt. On the 17th, the Iwcll continued, and various kinds of birds flew ahout the Ihipt fuppoling therefore land to be not far diDani, we priKCciled with caution, for the ifland* in this pan of the ocean render navigation very dangerous, ihfv iHing (11 low, that a ftiip may beclofe In with fhem Ixloie ibcy are Iccn. Nothing material occurred on the iSthand i9th. , On the 26th, we found our. latitude to be 1 2 deg. 3 3 min. ,S. longitude 167 deg. 47 min. W. The prince of Wales's Ifland. diftant 313 leagues. On Friday the 2 1 ft, at feven o'clock, A. M. we again faw land a-head, bearing W. N. W. and diftant about eight leagues. It had the appearance of three iflands from this point of Geht ; and the Commodore took them for Solomon's Iflands, fcen by Cjuiros, in the beginning of the 1 7th century, and very impcrfedly defcribcd by him. But on our nearer approach, yvc foiind only ^ finglc tfland, about 1 2 miles in length, furrounded with fhoals and breakers, on which account it was named the Ifland (if Danger. The reef of rocks which wc firll faw, when we approached this iflc, lies in latitude 10 deg. 15 min. S. and in 169 deg. 28 min. W. longitude ; and it bears from this reef W. N. W. dif- tant nine leagues. FreJm the Prince of Wales's Ifland it bears north 76 deg. 48 min. W. diftant nine leagues. As you run in with the land, you fee the fands, and about fevCn leagues off" from the moft caftcrn parts of the iflartd, lies a ridge of rocks, near a quarter of a mile in length, und when abreaft of thefe, the ifland bears' W. by N. We failed round the north end, and upon the N, W. and W. fide faw innumerable rocks and ftioals, which ftretched near two leagues into the fea, and were extremely dangerous. But as to the ifland itfelf, it had a more beautiful and fertile appearance thahany wc had feen before, and like the reft abounded with people and cocoa-nut trees. The habitations of the natives we faw ftandiiig in groups all along the coaft. At a diftance from this we obfervrd z large veftcl under fail. It was with much regret that we could not fufficiently examine this place, which we were obliged to leave by reafon of the rocks and breakers, that furrounded it in every diredion, which rendered the hazard attending a minute furvey, more than an equivalent to every advantage we might procure. On Sunday the 23d, having ftill proceeded in our courfc to the weftward, at nine o'clock, P. M. tha Tarnar, who was a-head. fired a gun, and our people imagined they faw breakers to the leeward ; but we were foon convinced, that what had been taken for breakers, was nothing more than the undulating rc- fleftion of the moon, which was going down, and uone faintly from behind a cloud in the horizon. We had this day excedivc hard ftiowers of rain, on which we feized fuch a favourable opportunity of filling out calks with a frefti fupply of water. This is performed on board of fliip, by extending large pieces of canvafa in an horizontal pofuion, hanging tnem by the corners, and placing a cannon ball, or any heavy body io the centre t by which means the rain running trickling down to the middle, pours in a ftrcam into the calka placed under. In this manner the Manilla (hips, during the long palFages they make through the South Seas, recruit their water, from the great fhowers of rain which at this fcafon of the year fall in thefe tatituder, for which purpofc they always carry a great number of earthen-jars with them. On the 24th, we had moderate fair weather, and at ten o'clock, A. M. wc dcfcricd another ifland, bearing S. S. W. diftant about feven or eight leagues. Wc found it to be low, and covered with wotxl, among which, were cocoa-nut trees in great abundance. Hut though the place itfelf has a plcafant appearance, a tlrcadlul lea breaks upon almoft every part of the coaft, and a great deal uf foul ground lies about it. A large lake is in the middle of thi* iOand, and it is near 30 miles in circumference. It is about four leagues in length from K. to W. nearly as much in breadth, and lies in latitude 8 deg. 33 min. S.'and in 178 deg. 16 min. W. longitude from London. W6 failed quite round it, and, when on the le^-fide, fcnl our boats out to found tor an artchoring-pla^c. They rcTurned with the unfavourable newt that no foundings were to be got near the ihore. However, having been difpatrhed a fecond time to procure fome rcfrcihincnts for the tick, they landed with great difficulty, and brought off' about 200 cocoa-nuts, which to perfons in our circumftancrs, were an ineftimable trcafure. They found on ffiorc thuulandi of fea'iowl fitting on their nells. «•! ,11" '' IIJ; mm ■ i' il H Vi t' I ' • 240 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Comp^etj. \W ^1" nefti, and ib divellcd of fear, that they did not attempt to move at the approach of the fcamen, but fui!ered themfelvcs to be knocked down, having no apprehen* (ion of the mifchief that was intendol them. The ground wa< covered with land crabi ; thefe were the only animals we faw, nor did we obferve the lead fign of any inhabitants ; and it was fuppofed never before to have received the mark of human fbot-fteps. The G>mmodore was inclined to believe, that this idand was the fame that in the French charts is laid down about a degree to the eaftward of the great idand of Saint Elizabeth, which is the principal of Solomon's Iflands, but beingafterwards convinced of the contrary, he named it the Uuke of York's Idand, in honour of his late royal highnefs. On Friday the sSth, we gave up all hopes of fceine Solomon's Iflands, which we had expe(5lcd to vidt, and Ihould certainly have found, had there been any fuch idands in the latitude in which they arc placed in our maps. Thefe iflands are faid to have been difcovered by rerdinand dc Quiros, who rcprefcnted them as ex- ceeding rich and populous t and feveral Spaniards who have pretended that they were driven thither by flrcfs of weather, have faid that the natives, with refped to their behaviour, were much like thofc of the continent of i^merica, and that they had ornaments of gold and divert but though thcSpaniards have at different times fent feveral perlons in fearch of thefe idands, it was always without fuccefs : which mud probably proceed, either from the uncertainty of the latitude in which they are faid to be found, or the whole being a fiction. There is, indeed, good rcafon to believe, tnat there is no good authority for laying down Solomon's Idands in the dtuation that is adignea them by the French : the only perfon who has pretended to nave fcen them, is the above mentioned Quiros, and we doubt whether he left behind him any account of them, by which they might be found by future navigators. However, wc continued our courfe in the track of thefe fuppofed idands. till the 29th, and being then 10 deg. to the wedward of their fituation in the chart, without having feen any thing of them, wc hauled to the northward, in order to crofs the line, and afterwards :o nape our courfe for the Ladrone Idands, which though a long run, we hoped to accompiidi, before we fhould be dil- trcfTed for water, notwithdanding it now began to fall fhort. This day we obfervcd in latitude 8 dcg. 13 min. S. and in 176 dcg. 20 min. £. longitude. On Tu .fday the 2nd of July, at four o'clock, P. M. wedifcovered an idand bearing north,didant fix leaffue^. We dood for it till fun-fet, and then kept ofl and on for the night. In the morning we found it to be a low flat idand, of a mod delightful afpcc taken, cxtfjit I'mrks, which were become ■ good difh even at the Cuiiinio dorc't own table. On Sunday the 2id. all our cocoa. nuts bv thl, hhm being expended, the men began to (all (lo«n4^;.iin Muh, the icurvcy. Thefe nuts had, in an allonilhnif- iiunJ ner, checked the progrcft ol this dreadful iliioid.ri many whofe limbs were become as Wack as mk, hIk could not move without the adiflance ol two men, ,11 who, beddea being entirely difablcd, fiiilcralexauc.i(, ing [min, had been in a lew days, i»y caii/ij^ thue nuti . <^:'jy,.,* ^4a.-<*-*" '.^' r^MODORE BYRON's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 241 ftr recovered, as to do their duty, and even go aloft 11 as they did before they were fci/ed by thisdif- "*' 'Ihc favourable report which the writer of '^"^S^^nfon's voyage hail made of 'I'inian, one of the I niics (i range of iflands fo named by Magellan, ^' ,. ot'«liich he loll his life, in an encounter with "" "natives^ induced our Commodore to proceed to fo ii„ in afvlum, as that was defcribcd to be, for dif- frieniiir •■." l...,v...i ;_„„ a a, — 1., „r. .k. ihe "ffd and ex'haulltd mariners. Accordingly on the Ih in latitude i ^5 ^eg- 9 «"'"• N- a"^ '" "S? ticg. !in. v.. Iiingitude ; and being now nearly in the 5" V|'„fTinian, we fliapcd ourcourfc for that illand. '''"the ^oth ^'^ again faw land, which proved to be the MnJsorS.ivpaii, Tmian,and Aiguigan, which are bc- ^ntwaiid three leagues dillant iVoin each other. 'mIic 1 '"• "*■" "^'^f'^'-' a'"">^ '^i'" ealt-tidc of them, and ."non h.iiiiing round the fouth point of Tmian, he- ''!^i 1h.1t ilUnd and Aiguigan, anchored at the S. VV. '' tctit, I" •'' faiiionis water, on good ground, and '^ihcvcrv fpot where Lord Anfon l:iy in the Centurion, ^ .\,Y'iiit 1742- ^- ' ^^^"^ "^ ^^'■' '^"P "'" f<-<:ureil, the Cominoilfi'-" «cnl on luorc, to ijx upon a place where jln'ijatVhis lime free fioni the fcurvy.ajul m.iny were ilic l.ill "•'>^'-' *'* '' ' y^^ ""' "'"^ "" board had I'^lin.c our letting out from I'.iigiand. We found f'vcr.il huts which had been luft by the Spaniards and Iixliaiis the year before ; for this year none of them as th.iii hc^n at the pla(C, nor wa> it probaMe th it they ihouM '^^"""■' ''"^ '"""■" '""'"'"'' ''''*^ I"" being now aliiioil rical, and the rainy (caUm let m. 'Ihc Commodore Anicii. that he never li-lt fiich hear, cither on thecoaft iCiimM, '" the Well Indies, or upon the illand of c, I'homis «hich is under the line. 'l"hc thcrmo- -jtfi whuh was kept on hoard thr I)>>!p]iin, generally JooJ i! Sf) degrees, which ^ but 9 degrees Id's than the k(j[ of (hi; biiwJ at the iK-ari.anJ had it been on llior.-, ifOuM have rofe much higher. Alter a I'lXJt hati been brvi upon lor tlic tent •<, lix or fcven of the men en Ajvojred lopulh through the woods, in feirch of ihc . ji(;,| l,i,vns and meadows dcftriiied in Anfon's miiC; I'll' the trees Hood Id thick, and tiie place was LouTjroAn with underwot>d, that they coulii not fee ,]„;cvjrds betorc them; the)( were therefore oblij',rd to iKcmiiiiunllv hallooing to each other, to prevent their km' Iqiaiaiely loll m this tracklefj wilderncfs. As it(«cather was intolerably hot, they had nothing on lnii [heir lliocs, lliiiti and trowfers; and thefe were loon pfiti'nectiby the billies and brambles: at lull, hovv- rcr, ihci got ihrough, with incredible labour and dif- t-j'tv; but lound the lawns entirely overgrown with a HJiiiiwrn kind ol reed or brulli, in many place? higher li,j„ their heads, and no where lower than their middles, ,!,i,h enntinually entangle their legs, and cut them l,c*hiiKi)id. During this otcurlion, they were covered ,,th tiiuliom head to fot>t ; and uhcncver they otfered ljlpi.ik,ihcy were lure of having a mouthful, many of ihich never tailcil to get down their throats. After Iminj; walktil three or loiininlti they faw a bull, which iIkv killed, and a little bcliirc night got back to the bih, 1' *i't •" if they had been ilijit 111 water, and H) t^Ti.il, that they were fcarce able to Hand. On fhurlday the 1 II of Augull,a party was difpatch- fti to letch the bull, and our people were'cinploycd in fcttmgup more tents. As the (:()mmo,i>thc M^rlt wc had met with during the voyage, forthc water was not only brackilli, but lull of worms. A.iJ the road where the fliips lay «as a dangerous Hiiiitionat this feafon, lor the Ixittom is a hard land, inJlar^'c mral rocks, and the anchor having no hold uihcljiid, u 111 perpetual danger ol being cut to pieces. W; (lid mil perceive (hde diUgrecablc circumltances No. iij. when we firft call anchor, thinking then the ground to be good ; but finding the contrary after having moored, to prevent aily bad confcquences, wc rounded the cables and buoyed ihcm up with empty calks. Afterwards finding the cables much damaged, wc rcfolvcd to lie fingic for the future, that by veering away, or heaving in, as we fhoiild have more or lefs wind, wc m'ght always keep them from being flack, confcqucntly from rubbing, and this expedient lucceedcd to our willi. At the full and change of the moon, a prodigious fwell tumbles in here; and it once drove in from the weft- ward with fuch fury, that wc were obliged to put to feaforawcck; for had our cable parted in the night, and th wind been upon the Ihore, which fometimcs happens for two or three days together, the fliip murt inevitably have been lofl on the rocks. Thus had wc arrived at this delightful ifland, alter a pafFagc of four months and twenty days, from the ftraits of Magellan, with this (urpriling and happy circumrtancc, that dur- ing this long run, though many had great complaints of the fcurvy, from the filt proviliyns they had been ob- liged to live upon, yet through the care of the Com- modore, in cauliiig the people to be fupplied at flared times with portable foup, and the refrelliments we havl obtained from feveral illands, we had not buried a fingic " man; and wc had now by being favoured with fair we.iiher, a?i oppoitunity offending our Tick on lliore, into the tents, which lome of our men had foon pre- pired for their reception. lUit while wc flaid here, tivo dieii of fevers; and in the Comn^odore's opinion, liom the aliiioll inrcflant rail)';, aiv.l violciu heat, dut- inj^ the feafon we were here, this beautitiil ;iiid fertile iflai.d is one of the moll unhealthy fpotsinthe world. Wcf.cciiicnilydifpatched pai ties into the woods in fearch ofcattle, which, from the account pubhlhcd inthehiflory of (\)mmodorc .'\nfon's vo\age, we expected to find in numbers; but to our difappointment, a few only were difeovcrcd at a great dillaiice from the tents, fo very Ihy, that it was dillicuk to get a fliot at them; nnd more fo to drag them lix or levcn miles to the tents, the woods ami lawns which wc have already defcribed, be- ing fo thick, as greatly to obllruct uur pafiage ; for tliough the bealls themfelvcs had made paths through thefe woods, we could not proceed in them without the greatcll dilliculty. Puring the full week wc killed only three white bullocks, one of which our men could not bring down to the lliore, before it was covered with maggots, and dunk ir.oQ intolerably : nor was this the word ; lor the l^iilors fulleied fuch inexprclhble fatigue as frequently brought on levers, otcalioiied by the warmth of the climate, the prodigious number of flics by day, anvl the miifquitoes by night ; thefe lall rcfem- bleourgnats in F.iigland, but arc larger, more numerous, and much more troublcfoim-. They w-re alfo in their march much embarrtired with centipieds, fcorpions, and a large black ant. little inferior to either ol them in tlic malignity of its bite. We had alfo to encounter w ith an innumerable number of other venomous inlccls, altogether unknown to us, bv whieh we fullered fo leveiely, that many were afraid to lie down in their l>eds: nor were thole on board in a much letter lituation than thole on Iliorc; for numbers ol thefe toriiieiuors being conveyed to the fliip by the wood, they took pof- fellion of every birth, and left the poor I'eamen no place of rell either helow or upon ilec k. On Wednefday the 7th, we lent on fliorc to the tents, which was called the hofoital, 1') of our fliip's company; and the next day J.ihii VVatdm, our qiiai tor-mailer, de- paitcd this life ; and foon after died I'eter 1 .vans, one of the feamen belonging to the iamar. I'hisd.Ty wcgot our copper oven on lliore, and baked bread, which wc ferved to the lick ; the whole being under the infpcvflion of the furgcon. Poultry wc procured upon ealy terms, for the birds were in great plenty, .nnd e;,lily killed; but the flelli of the bell of them was very ill tailed. Our principal rchmrcc for frefli meat wasth'ewiKl hog, with which the ifland is welMloiked. Thefe anm„ilsaic exceeding fierce, and a carcafs of foiiie of ihini Ire- qucntly weighed 200 weight. They were killed without 3 '' mucU t-m ih. •fll.il: »t 241 VOYAGES ROlJND the WORLD Compiete. ii-i (. J' nil f ■ I V4- * ir 1 M i: ■ ■ H^ mu-h trouble, but a black belonging to the Tfcmar con- trived a method toenfnare them, fo that we took great numbers of them alive, which was an unfpeakable advantage. But being very dcfirous of procuring lome beef in an eatable (late, with Icfs rifle and labour, we fent a boat, upon the information of Mr. Gore, to the N. W. part of the ifland, where the cattle were very numerous. A party was alfo fent with a tent foi 'heir accommodation, who fhqt them; and they were im- mediately killed, C'jt up, and cor^veyed to the boats : however, fometinies fuch a fea broke upon the rocks that it was impolTible to approach them, and the Tamar's boat loft three of her bell men by attempting it. This idand of Tinian, is fituated in 15 dcg. 8 min. tiorth latitude, and 114 deg. 50 min. v-<:(l londtude from Acapuico, in New Spain ; and is 1 i miles in length, but only half as much in breadrh. It produces limes, four oranges, cocoa-nuts, briad-fruit, guavas, and paupaws in abund»nce i but we found no » atcr- melons, fcurvey-grafs, or forrel. The cocoa-nut, which we have fo often mentioned in dcfcribing the new dif- covered iflands, is one of the moft beautiful, as well as the moft admirable of all the vegetable nrodudlions, and is alfo found in many other parts of the world, particularly in the Eaft and Weft Indies. It is a fpccics of the palm. The trunk is large, ftrait, and infenfibly grows fmaller from the bottom to the top. On the upper part of the trunk are the branches, which form a beautiful head. The fruit hangs in branches by ftrong ftalks ; fomc of which arc always ripe, others green, and fomr juit beginning to button, while the oloflbms, wh\h are yellow, are ftill in bloom. The fruit is of liitferent fizes, and of a grecnifti colour: it is covered with two rinds, the outer compofcd of long, tough, brow n threads ; but the fccond is extremely hard, .ind has within it a firm white fubftance, in tafte nearcft to that of a fwect almond. The people of feveral countries eat it with their meat as we do bread, and fqueczeout of it a liquor that refembles almond-milk, which on being ex pofcd to the fire, is converted into a kind of oil. that is ufed both in fauces and in lamps. In the middle of the nut is alfo a confiderable quantity of a clear cool liquor, that has the tafte of fugar-watcr, and when drank is very refrefliing. What is called the cabbage confifts of a clufter of m.iny white, thin, brittle flakes, which have fomcwhat of the tafte of almonds, and, when boiled, has a refemblancc to the tafte of an Lnglirti cabbage, but is fweeter and more agreeable. But the moft remarkable fruit of this iftand is the bread-fruit, it bein^ generally eaten by the Kuropeans who come here inftead of bread, to which it is even preferred. It jjrows upon a lofty tree, which, near the top, divides into fpreading branches, covered with leaves of a deep green colour, notched on the edges, and from 12 to 18 inches in length. The fruit which grows ftnglc on all parts of the braiKhes, is feven or eight inches long, of an oval form, and covered with a rough rind, and when gathered grcci^ and roaftcd on the embers, has its infidc foft, tender, white, and crummy like bread. Its tafte comes neareft to that of an artichoke's bottom. This excellent fruit ii in feafon eight months in the year. As it ripens it turns yellow, and growing fofter, has the tafte of a ripe peach, and a fragrant fmeil, but is then faid to be unwholefome, and apt to produce the flux. l°hc tifh, however, caught about this coaft appear to be unwholefome. Some of our olBcers after h.iving eaten a did) of fine looking fifti, were taken ill with a violent purging and vomiting, which had like to have been attended with fatal confiqiientcs, Mr. Walter, in his hiftory of Com- modore Anfon'i voyage, obferves, that the few they caught at their firff arrival, had furfeitcd thofc who cat ot them, and therefore the people on board the Cen- tijrion thought it moft prudent to abftain from Mu This ohfervation, added to our own experience, is a fulFicicnt proof of their being prejudicial. Indced,at tirft, from taking the word furfctt in a literal fenfe, we concluded, that thofc who lafted the fifli, when (he late Lord Anfon came hichcr, were made fick merely by eating too much of them ; from which pofition we were led to think, that there couM h. ''' rcafon for a total abftinence with refpeft to iK "l ""* of food, but only a caution to eat with tcm " However, wc were foon made w'fer byexperien"'^""''" though all our people eat fparingly of this fifli h ' ''" of experiment, neverthelefs all who taftcd the '^ *''' foon afterwards d.ingcrouny ill. Bcfides th"^kf" mentioned fruit, this ifland produces cotton and 'h°*' in abundance, and would certainly be of great J1 i° it was fituated in the Weft Indies. The furgcon f* '^ Tamar, an ingenious and very jadicious gcnilcm ' clofcd a large fpot of ground here, and made T' '"' pretty garden ; but our ftiort ftay would not perm >"'' to derive any advantage from it. However "' fuch plenty wc enjoyed, the want of its Drodu,'.*!?"','^ very well be difpenfcd with. ^ '* ""Bht It is furprizing that an ifland thus aboundin u .5 .uipntinB iMi ai. inanumus abounding *;,(, the nccefTaries and luxuries of life, ftiould be d ft of inhabitants, but it fcems it was once populous'. '""* that an epidemical fictnefs having carried off ' the greaieft part of them died with grief. 1 j""| wc law the ruins of their deferted town, whirl, ;? ...;.u . 1 l.../l-_- n '. "^""nof overgrown with trees and bufties. But'thouBh T "■'* is uninhabited, the Indians of Guam, and other 0^1111 1 neighbouring iflands, frequently refort thither to 1 a i beef, and carry it away. Thefc Indians are a Iwh ftrong, well limbed people ; and if wemay judwf, ' the admirable ftruclurc of their flying proas the 0? vefTels they ufc at fea, they arc far from being dL-firi? ! in point of underftandmg. Thefc vefTci, imy"Z fuch amazing fwiftnefs, that it is generally .>||owfd h all who have obferved them with attention, ihatthf will run at leaft jo miles an hour. The conftrui I of thcfe proas is very remarkable, the head and (lerti I* I ingexadly alike t but the fidei very dift'crcnt that ml tended for the windward fide being built m,>n,i,. while the lee-fide is flat. The bSdy i. Cj ff two pieces joined endways, and nearly fcwed toccthwl with bark : and as the ftrait run of her leeward fide and! her finall bre.ndth, would certainly caule her to ovtrftt I a frame called an out-rigger, is laid out from her to th^i windward, to the end of which is fattened a loe mjdel hollow, in the fh.npc of a fmall hoit : thus the wcightl of the frame balances the proa, and that, with thefmjj boat, always in the water, prevents her overfettine tal the windward. The vefTcl generally carries fix or fcvfnl Indians, two of whom fit in the head and ftem whal fteer the proa alternately, with a paddle, accdrdinj to the tack ftie goes on ; he in the ftcrn beinR thef ftcerfman; the reft are employed in frtting and trimJ ming the fail, or hailing out the water ftie may acciJ dentally Ihip. Thus by only ftiifting the fail, thcM vefTtls with cither end lorcmoft, can, with alloniOiin fwiftnefs, run ficmi one of thcfe iflands to another an back again, without ever putting almut. While w- lay at this place, the Tamar was fent to examine tha ifland of Saypan, which is much larger than TmiaiLi rifcs higher, and has a much ploalantcr appearanccJ The Tamar anchored to the leeward, at the diftance of a mile trom the Ihore, and in ten fathom water w:i|| much the lame kind of ground as we had in the road of Tinian. Some of the Tamar's company landed uw a line fandy beach, which ii fix or feven miles Ion, and walked up into the woods, where they difcovtrti many trees very fit for top mafts. 1 hey faw no fovili nor any tracks of cattle, but plenty of hogs and guani? coes: alfo large heaps of pearl oyfter-ftiells thrown ujl together, and other ligns of people having been thercj poffibly the Spaniards may go thither at fome feafonj of the year, and carry on a pearl lilhcry. Aswelhal have an opportunity of again mentioning ihefcplaca in our accounts of other voyagea. we here, for iheamuf^ I- ment of our numerous fubfcribert, inftrt what oth^ naviwtors, and judicious writers, have related both is lar Itirtmnd grand ho Ijiil war with the |(kotgcll*a5ano| Ijgd; but confiderat Litifortilicationi. ItoolCabitc, whicl |»lhcrcthclliipsci lliiioncd. . ^ , . I Thccityishcaltr l^jvcry fruitful co Llbniedifadvantage I Kg out to fea totni Lillimi' : here the l^iare often in grca I The trade from 1 |cki(llvinfuch comi l)|cikoand Peru, 1 iBjnufidures. parti I ltd than 50,000 pai I Whvaa quantities ( jfiiicharemuch wo IbiaHart'cies, fuch hihecity olManil I m arc not lefs t Innii.inanufafturer I inifportcd annuallj llliuiradcis not ope Ikturcllrained to jioihcjcluits, being I b the ptopiigation I rfcach fliip IS divii IjUolihcfame lizc ; lonbark ftich a quai I tips as the tonagc 1 I iilimited by royal I uroinc, it Ihould nc Ifrcqutntly known ti The bulk of the { l.ik*,u«.A Co MMODORE BYRON'sVOYAGE—for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 243 ihc p ^|ji(. Ocean, and at no great diftancc from each ,L,„iu account of the Philipphif, and Ladrme, or l-t"""^ Marian Ijlands. , piiilippine Iflands arc fituatc in the Chincfian I irt of the Pacific Ocean, between 114 artd 130 r '' M of rafttrn longitude, and lictwet-n 5 and 19 cs of north latitude, about 100 leagues S. E. of (Jfgrccs "',^j^''^"|.g j^j. , , QQ of them, and fcveral very '^"" The chief of the inoft northerly of them is Luconia, which is the largeft of the Philip- lirgf; minila nd is lituate in 1 5 deg. of north latitude, being f"",'! ID miles long and above 180 broad in moft •^The capital of this ifland, and of all the reft, is the of Manila, fituatc on a bay in the S. W. part of 'li* (land being two miles in circumference, furround- I J 1 a wall and other works, a very commodious I hlur but of difficult acccfs, on account of the rocks ^ Ms which lie before it 5 a caftlc defends the en- ""nic chief buildings are the cathedral, parifli churches «j convents! one of the religious houfes is appropri- Mo ihc fupprt of orphans, daughters of the inhabi- iSs *hoarc provided (x)r duringtheir lives; or, if they l^f' j,j niarry, have a portion of two or three hundred Irtlns eiven them. Their churches, chapels, and I JLjfci^hly adorned, and their proceHions on ho- ILs M fplendid as in Spain. The college of the je- I to here, as in mof> Fopilh countries, is more mag- Lccntthananyofthcrcft. I The illand of Luconia, or Manila, is efteemcd hcalth- L ,n(j the water in it the bcft in the world. It pro. Ikciill the fruits of warm climates, and has an cx- IttUcnt breed of horfcs carried thither from Spain. It I ,tll fituatcd for the Indian and Chinefc trade 5 and llluy and port, which lies on the wcft-fidc of it, is a I w« circular bafon of ten leagues diameter, entirely |b«l-lockcd. The city of Manila, which (lands on l^^ft.fidc, is large and contains feveral fpacious I ffftti »nd 8""'' houfes j and at the beginning of the 1^ *ar with the S|>aniards, in the reign of king iGcofgc 11. was an ojKn place, only defended by a tittle IjKi but confidcrablc additions have lately been made Liiltortiticationi. The port peculiar to the city is likiiol Cabitc, which lies two leagues to the fouihward, jnl here the fliips employed in the Acapulco trade arc llitioflcd. The city is healthfully fituated.and well watered, and Ihijvcry fruitful country in its neighbourhoml ; but it LibmedifaJvantageto its trade, that it is difficult get- I OK out to fca to tne caftward, through fuch a number lildbnds : here the Spaniards wade abundanceof time, |»jare often in great danger. The trade from hence to China and India confifts Iduciiyinfuch commoditici as arc intended to fupply jlltiuoand Peru, namely, fpices, Chinefc fllks, and Bjnufadurc!!, particularly filfe ftockings, of which no kfcihan 50,000 pair have been fliippcd in one cargo, wh vaftciuantities of Indian l^ufl's, callicocs and chints, Jrtichare much worn in America, together with other Ml articles, fuch as goldfmiths-worK, ficc. wrought I «ihe city of Manila by the Chinefc, of which nation 4m are not lefi than 90,000 refiding there, as fer- nni5,inanufafturcrs, or brokers. All thefe articles are piifptcd annually to the port of Acapulco in Mexico: |*ijtradc is not open to all the inhabitants of Manila, kiurcftrained to the convents of Manila, principally Dihejeluits, being a donation to fupport the millions fci the propagation of the Catholic faith. The tonagc rfcich (hip IS divided into a certain number of bales, ilolthcfainc liiCi and the convents have a righr to Libark Inch a quantity of goods on board the Manila tipi as the toiugc of their bales amount to. The trade iilimitd by royal cdifts to a certain value; according lofoine.hlhould not exceed 600,000 dollars I but it is hquently known to amount to three millions. The bulk of the people of Manila are of Chinefc or Malayan cxtraiftion, and there are fome blacks. The Spaniards, though fcwcft in number, have the govern- ment in their hands. The adjacent country is full of fine plantations, farms, and country-houfcs of the prin- cipal inhabitants. Upon the mountains, in the middle of the country, the people live in tents and -uts. under the fpreading trees. The plains arc overflowed in the rainy fcafon, the houfes bu.lt upon high pillars ; and th« people have no communication but by boats during the rains, which ufually fall in June, July. Augul>, and September, and then happen terrible ftorms of wind and thunder. Earthquakes arc frequent ; the city of Manila has futfered feveral times by them; and from the volcanoes, which abound here, ifluc torrents of fire and melted minerals. Thefe arc the inconvcnicncies we meet with ; but the fair fcafon is for the moft part exceedingly pleafant. The city of Manila contains about gcxx* inhabitants; and during the fccond war in the rei .i of King George II. was in the year 1763, taken by admiral Cornifhand Sir William Draper. It was. however, ftipulatcd to be ranfomed ; but the ranfom-moncy hath never yet been intircly difcharged. The priefts take prodigious pains to make converts to the Romifli faith, and have beea pretty fuccefsful in their endeavours. The Indians pay a polUiax ; and a confidcrablc fum of money is annu- ally allowed for the fupport of female orphans, both of Spanifh and Indian parents. The complexions of the feveral people who inhabit thcfc iflands arc very different. The blacks are as black as the Catfrcs of Afric, but differ from them in their features and long hair, and therefore arc fuppofcd to be of Indian cxtradion ; and as they polTcfs the mountainous and inacccffiblc parts of the country, it is conjcdlurcd, that they were the original inhabitants, and driven up thither by fuccceding adventurers. The dcfccndants of the Malayans (inhabitants of Malacca) are very tawny, the Chinefc not fo dark, and the Spaniards arc pretty near the colour of the Chincfe. There is alfo a nation of painted people, called Pintados, who colour their fkms like our anceftors the Pidls. The natives are for the moft part of a moderate ftature, and their features juft j the Spaniards have taught them to cloath thcmfclvcs, except the blacks, who only tie a cloth about their loins, and another about their heads, and ufually go bare- foot. Rice and fi(h arc moft eaten by thofe who live near the fca coafts, and the mountaineers cat the flcfh they take in hunting, and the fruits of the earth, which grow fpontancoufly in great plenty. Their liquor is water, which they ufually drink warm as the Chincfe do. They have alfo palm- wine, and fpirituous liquors diftillcd from the juice of the fugar-cane, rice, &c. They bathe twice a day in cold water, cither for health or divcrfion, or both : plays are another divcrfion, and they arc entertained frequently with dancing and mock tights. Thefe iflands arc extremely well fituatcd for trade t all the rich merchandize of India is fent from hence to America, and the treafures of Mexico and Peru are brought hither annually, by which exchange, it is faid, they make a profit of 4.00 per cent. Few countries enjoy a more fruitful foil ; the people in many places live upon what the earth produces fpon- tancoutiy, and the furlacc of the ground is exceeding beautiful; the trees arc ever green, and fcldom without fruit. Their neat cattle run wild in the mountains, and are hunted, as well as deer, wild hogs and goats. The mon- kies and baboons found here arc very fagacious : during the feafon, when there is no fruit 10 be got, they go down to the fca-fidc to catch oyftcrs ; that the fifh may not pinch their paws, they put a ftone between the fticlls to prevent their ftiutting h ' have alfo foinc knowledge of it, and, it is r^ i '^'' give double the quantity of gold for it! Th/' ' " '' like ivy, and twines about any tree it grows nc'' I fruit which grows out of the knots and Ilivpc ,J^' ''''•'I , Wcn^l, J in.l ....1 *■*■ a melocotoon in bignefs and colour, „„„ ^^.| eight, ten, or fixtecn kernals as big as a hazel i green and yellow, which when ripe, drop out olV"^ J ■felves. ■ • '' '"1'cm.l The ufiral dofe given of it is the weight of i if royal, that is the lixteenth part of an ounce, po» i li and mixed in wine or water ; if it has no i-tl{c\ th i! time, the dofe is repeated, and h a [viwcrful .i,,!^ . ag.iinft any poifon, either ut venonioiis herbs 0/1"^'' which are ufed by the natives ot MacalFar, ITom J "'ll the Philippines. ^'fwo.aiijj The geiKral language fpoken in thcfe ilTnnds ...g Malayan tongue; beluL-s which, every people ha\,. langu.ige peculiar to themfclves. They write 011 " ' nut leaves, with an iron llile or fn-n ; and irt" "i fciences have been introduced by the .'^piniird' 'kj natives having noihi:ig of this kiix* to bcill ul 1,'. J their arrival. ' ""' .\ll thefc iflands, except Mindanao and p,„., ■ are under the jurifdiclion of a Spanidi vicrrov \y\\ h J governors under him in every other illand aiui tii'i' confci)uencc, and the like courts arc errdcd ii r tKJ trial of civil and criminal caufcs, as in Olij Snai,, |),f an hbirtiop of Manila, the biOiopj and tluir comt ii1 farics, determine eicleliallical 1 aufes ai in l,,, but the; lies an appeal from thiin to the poiit legate, who relides in one of the illands. lliciV. inqiiifition has alfo a commiirvry hore. Hm nolwtL (landing the Spaniards aie repulenud as I 'M'i(i(.„> thcfe illands, this mull only be underlliKil ct tht opfi country and the fea-coafts, in which there naJk_ ■)CX3,ooo fouls : but thcfe a;c not a tenth part of the ij liabitaiits, the rcll I ' upon theinlll-fs m a iJ people -. every mounta 1 > loll is {wirelfcd l,v a iliHf J tribe, who make war U().i;i one another, the S|v~ feldom intermeddling in their quarrels. 'I'heC'-, were formerly Id numerous here, that they ilih the authority ot the Spaniards over ihcm : it h' puted that 40,000 of them relided in and ah-ut iij city of Manili ; but the Spaniards romp, ilcl (j,,..,, fubmit, and banilli;'d tome thoufands ni' {h,<\] , red were [x-rmittrd to remain here to i ury i.;,!, manufactories : for tiny are alinoll the only artiti crij Their arms are bmvs, arrows, an.l Unces or 1' -ji broad fwords, and tubes or trunks, thrj'.ijj'ii whicii rhd blow poifoned ariDMs, the (lighte^l woun', nv and one particular tree, which they would cnccm 1: facniegeto cut down, believingthe fouls of rciiiieoiilicj friends may relide in it, .ind that in ctittinj; tlio irj they may wound a near relation. Intlead ol tcmpld thev have caves, wherein they place tluir iilols, an facrilicc to them. Soine beaiitilul ynting viri^inslii wounds the vk'lnn with a fpear, and ihcii the pndi difpatch the iiniiual ; and, having drefTed the im\u,| is eaten by the ci.)nii)aiiy. Supcrttiiion preva Is anwnl them ; they ha\e ilieir lucky and unlucky days; .init certain anin>als crofs the way when they arc going upa bulinefs, they will return home, and go oat no ino) that day. Ihe Spaniards tolerate them in ihiir nli trous wnrlbip ; and luller thtm to gaiiu- on p.iviiii;( t'le government i:;,oDO crowns per annum. [tw\ .i| alio much given to a iltteftable vice : and did iKit inij gine it to be a cnme, till the Spaniards punillied thd for it. The men piirchafe their wives here a* in ('hini; : the 111 image circmnny is performed Iiy a piiertd' laailil vt.^;iii»^i}N.,,,*,, sM»>.i*-ii- ',#■ Ti^l^noRE BYRON'sVOYAGE— for making DifcovcH es in the Southern Oceak,&c. 245 I "T^fome animal on the occafion ; after which, the I ^'^'J-ulcd home, and the wholc_concIudes \yith an i '",«t.inment as at other places. They marry m their «""' (jj and with their ncarcft relations, except the «•'!' .'" J . ibme of them arc confined to one wife, r u r tfibts' allow a plurullty of women, nnd divorces *'"' foniible caufes on cither fide. Children arc either I fcf '^1 jj-jcr heroes or flowers, or from fome accidental iftance that occurs at the time of their birth ; but Mt'cy marry, they chufe new names, and their '^"'mftance that occurs at the time of their birth ; but '''r a»(' ;3 miles in cirounilcrcncc, the chief town Ca- r l^iin.V'i'verntd by a Spanilh alculc (fbihi). «hi hlirsin The illand o dcj;. S. latitude, is the place "^J^!7(3<;f!!an lirlt fct up the Spanilli colours; the I'l.ttovfn^n'T'i^'' No'^hfe de Dios, aticrw.irds made I ilb'''^ '- '• '^'''" '^ ^ cathedral and fucral other |L^.'l,f, nndmon.ilkrics. The illand of Negroes lies I lot Si'"', ''ii'-' "'■^' '" "amed bccaufe it is inhabited iTfr liy Ha( ts. Mindanao lies the inolV fduthcrly of |lli'rj.ue 0:1 the fci-coalh, are much the ni.iH nu- \xi, whofc fovercign is llilcit Sultan of Mindanao. ftJL'whii }>oir<(i the middle of the ilbnd arc called mijnw.'. and another nation ftded Silognes, arc L-cfU the N. W. coall. The air of this ifiand is _,ii,h.Ha5inKht l>e eXjicacd, being rcfrefied fre- -f.t\ hy the f'ca breezes, and the perioilical rains, Jiich ljy 'he Hat country under water. The winds »k, fr.vii the call, from Oclober to May, and then 1,.^ jlxiur an. I fct "i(^ riy i next month the rains and fcrns fua crd ; at (irft there are not more than two -ihrcc iliotttrs a ilay ; they afterwaitls come oftcncr, -•h violent hurricanes and loud thunder, ami the liliJrontmurs wclU-rty until November, during which ggK &c; have fuch ftonns that trees are blown up W.hc root', the rivers are overflowed, and they do Btfte the fun or flars fometimes in a week : about jiKiiithe air is very ccx)l. the rain and viindsare mt>- initc in S''ptrmlier, and m OclolKr the wind blows lumthccal'. again, and it continuci fair till April, and i^t:ni«M'y. MnJinao, the capital city, lies on the fouth-fide of ^ il'iinJ. in nj dep. 15 min. of eallcrn longitude, »J6iJ.X. 20 min. north latitude, near the mouth of ,:,tr, and about two miles from the fea ; the houfcs jcingbiilt on baml)Oo pillars, 16 or iS feet above the fcftiiT 111 the ground, on account of the annual floods, ilicn thf. have no communication with one another |j> bv boats. The city is about a mile in lonj^th, Klulwigt'te winding bank of the river; the Sultan's uacc I' liipported by 180 trees, and has :o cannon [KUiXid III ihe fiont ; and fevcral of the nobility have •ni g.mi in or before their houfcs. l.arge Ihips aiuwtciitie up to the town, there being fcircc 1 1 feet uieron the bar, at the entrance of the river. IVniiius are held to be men of a fprightly genius, sluntrt' Ii7\' and indolent, and will rather thieve than vA; Iwt iKjr.e arc more adlive when they find there tiMCdliiv for It ! and there may be two reafons for ibljJvdilpolition, one from the heat otthe climate, ,1 ih • (iilui liom the tyranny of the government, |)jiiiinl)firj; fiire ho ihall cnloy what he acquires by mJullry, No ;.). ■-• ■'' -'A' -, '<■-..'■■ • ■. The Mindanayaiis are of a low (lacure, and very neridcr, of dark tawny complexions, black eyes aiid hair, flat faces, fliort nofes, wide mouths, and black teeth, Which they take abundance of pains to dye of that colour ; and they wear the nails of their left hands almort as long again as their fingers, fcraping and dying them with vermillion. The men have a haughty mien, and yet arc faid to K; very complaifant to foreigners, unlefs they are infuited, and then they Icldom fail to refent the aftVont, and dcf- troy their enemy by poifon or .i dagger, never hazarding their perfons in a duel. Their habit is a linen frock and drawers, and a fmall piece of linen cloth, tied about their heads, but they go bare-foot : the complexion and features of the women are better than thofeof the men ; but yet they tcxj much rcfemble the other fcx, and cannot be admired for their beauty ; they wear A frock like the men, and a piece of cloth round their waifts ; the llccvcs of the frock be- ing large, and coming down to their wrills. Their h-.ir is tied up in a roll at the hinder part of their heads. 1 he men (have their heads, all but :i 'nek that is left in the middle of the crown, like other Mahometans ; their beards arc very thin, being pulled up by the roots with tweezers. People of figure are cloathed in filk or fine caMico i the women go bare-foot as well aj the men. and adorn their ai^is and fingers with bracelets and rings. They are not rcflraincd from convcrfing with their countrymen or foreigners. The food of people of condition is flefli, fifh, and fowl of all kinds, except ho(M flclh, which the Ala- hnmctans never touch. The iiooicr loit conteiu them- frlvcS with rice and fago. Rice is the principal part of the meal withal! of them; they take it up with their hands, ulirig neither knives or fpoons; and their meat, whatever it be, is boiled to rags, that it may very cafily be pulled to pieces with their fingers. They ufjally drink water, but make a pretty firong liquor with plantains; they wadi befor^ and after every meal, and bathe fevcral times a day. Swimming Is one of the chief diverfions of the women, as well as the men, to which they arc ufcd from their in- fancy. Upon joyfiil occafions the dancing girls, as they are called, are fcnt for to divert the company but this dancing coniitls only in fcrewing thcmUUes into lafcivious poftures, and addrcfling their great men with flatterinj; fpcechcs. They have j^lays and mock fights alfoaOkil before them, and hnntmgof wild beads is their principal rural (port, in which ihtir women partake; but their hunting is only driving the deer and other game into an inclofure, from whence they cannot efcape. and then fliootingat them. Mindanao is a fruitful foil, well watered with rivers, and their mountains afford excellent timber. Of the Iibby, or Tigo-trec, there are large groves : the fago is the pith of a tree which the natives eat inllead of bread, and is frequent'y brtiught over to KurojH-, being fo grained, that it is fometimes taken for a Iced. They have no corn but rice. Plantains, giiavas, mangoes, and all tropical fruits, abound here. Cloves and nutmegs have been tranfplantcd hither, and appear fair to the eye; but it is faid they degenerate, and the fruit is go«d for nothing: if thefe plants were cultivated, polfibly they might equal thole of the fpicc iflands. Here are no beads of prey in this ifland, but almoU every other ufeful animal, fuch as horfcs, cows, buftaloes, and hogs, with bunches over their eyes ; here arc alfo fnakes, fcorpions, and other venomous infei'^s : and the feathered kind are the fame as in Manila. The Malayan language is generally fpokcn here ; and the Mahometans have the koran and books of devotion, in the Arabic language. The liberal arts do not flourifh hrre j they arc torced to employ the Chinefc to keep their accounts ftir them ; nor have they fo much as a clock or a watch in all the coiinti v, but beat upon drums every three hours, that ptojile may know the time of the day. Ihcie arc fcaice 3 <^ ' *nf ^ i^ J V? i •' ». f '? ':1 •^ •';: livl' ;«■ jii. .f ,'li) f! i,l i- ■ ijiii ll ;, 24^ VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Comflet E. any other working trades, except goldfmithi, rarjien- terJ, and blackfmiths who perform their work very well with the tools tlicy have, for the fmiths have neither vice nor anvil nor the carpenters any faw*. but when they have fjiiit their plank«, plane them with the ax or adse. Their difeafei are fluxes, fevers, and the fmall-pox ; and foinc are aftcded with a kind of leproly, or dry fcurf, which covers the body, and itches intolerably. The religion of the fultan, and thofc who inhabit the fea-coafts, is Mahonaetanifm, and that of the in- land people is Paganifm, ditlcring little from the Chinefe. In allowmg a plurality of wives and concu- bines, the Mahometans of this ifland imitate thofe of Turky, only they allow their women greater liberties, fufferinp them to convcrfe freely with their acquain- tance or ftrangeis ; but it is faid they arc fo prejudiced againft fwincs Heih, that one of their great men re fufed to wear a pair of llioes made by an European, when he was informed that the threads with which they were ftwcd were pointed with hogs brilllei . They look upon themfclves to be defiled, it they touch any thing which belongs to a hog ; they durd not kill them left they ftiould be defiled by the touch of the weapon they make ufe of, which occafions thefc ani- mals to multiply fo fall, that the illand is overrun with them. They arc very glad to fee the Kuropcans kill them, but mull uruiirgofevcral ablution.s or waih- ings, if they (hould happen to touch a man that had eaten its flcfh. The fultan of Mindanao is an abfolute prince, and his throne hereditary; both the perfons and purfes of his fubjecis are in his power, and if he knows any of them abound in wealth, he borrows it of them. Me has one great ininirter, in whom he lodges the admi- niftration of the government, both civil and milit.irv, to whom lx)th natives and foreigners murt appf>' them- fclves for liberty to trade. Iheir v»ars are chiefly «iih the mountaineers, who inhabit the middle of the illand, with whom they are very cautious of coming' to a general engagement j but vyhcn the annus are pr< tty near, they ncgin to intrench and cannonade each oiht r, and will remain in the fame camp fomc monilm, Icml- ing out parties to make incurlions into the enemies country, and furprizc defcncclefs places. Their arms arc a crict or fhort dagger, ami a broad fwoid, a fpear, and bows and arrows. The moll confiderabic of the Philippines that have not been mentioned, are Mindora, S. \V. of Manila : Panay, and I.eyte, which lie north of Mindanao j and the ilUnd of Paragoa, which lies very near the north part of Borneo, and is fubjedl to one of the princes of that ifland. Philippina «as the firfl that was difcovcred of this clufter of illands, and confequently gave name to the red. It lies between 12 and 14 decrees north lati- tude, and IS the moft (ertile and pfeaTant of all the Philippines, exhibiting a fcenc of perpetual verdures for here the fun is powerful, without beingdifagrceable. The Ladrone Iflands are fituatc in the Pacific Ocean, in 1 40 degrees of caHcrn longitude, and between 1 2 and 2 8 degrees of north latitude. Guam or Ignnna, the largefl, is lituatc in 13 deg. bi min. north latitude, 7^00 miles weft of Cape Coricnies in Mexico, according tu Dampicr. The other inconflderablc illands are, 2. Sarpanta. 3. Bonavifta or Tinian. 4. Sefpara. J. Anatan. 6. Sarignan. 7. Guagam. 8. Alama- •{uan. 9. Pagon. 10. The burning mountain of Gnga. II. Magna. 12. Patas. 13. Difconocida ; and, 14. .Malabrigo. ( ; uam is about 1 2 leagues long and four broad, lying \' and S. It is pretty high champaign land, Hoping down towards the coalt. The ealt-lide, which is the highclt, is fenced with flecp rocks, on which the waves conllanily beat, driven by the trade wind. The weft- fide IS low land, in which arc fcveral little fiindy bays divided by rocks. The natives of Guam are of a good ftature, have large limbs, a tawny complexion, black long hair, finall ifflicled with a kin3 of feprofy oLZ^"'' ■ IS healthful, efpecially in the dry fe«rnn '•i*'* :gm in June, and laft till O^obcr but a \ eyes, thick lip«, and arc long vifagfd. times afflicl ' ' ■ 'f - ^ country rains bcgii violent. - " '""tare not The illand produce* rice and mod tronical t ■ I and one fort, which Dampier has named brtjH f'"' grows upon a tree like aj)ples, and at its full bi r "' as large as an ordinary foot ball ; it has a hiT'^t'* rind, and within a foft yellow pulp, of a fwcetin^ nM the natives tat it inftcad of bread, having firftL'i I or roafted it in the embers : it is in feafon ficht m"* in the year, and grows only in thefc iflandsr "'^^l Dampicr relates, that when he was there r.iKn 1 year 1700) there were not above 100 Indun "'" the ifland, though he was informed there hin^'"* 3 or 400 fomctimc before : and the reafon giv there was no more at that time was, bccaufc '"a''''l them had burnt their plantations, and fled , "^P illands on their being uled ill>y the Spaniard. °^^^\ Their fwift-failing Hoops, «r flying proa, ' , , 1 admiration of all that fee them j the bottom f^ vtfTcl, or the keel, is of one piece, nude like '*! 28 feet in length, built Iharp at both ends, on, n^ the floop flit, and the other rounding with a large belly ; being four or five feet broad wi,h ]""'! in the middle. They turn the flat fide 'to the ""! and having a head at each end. (ail with cither of!h foreman, and have never any occafion to tadc n pier computed they would fail 24 miles an h "iJ The tide never rifeu above two or three feet at U liland. '"■ The writer of Lord Anfon's voyage relates that th arrived at the ifland of Tmian or Ikinavifta.'one f 2 Ladrone Klands. which lies notth of Guam ok :7thof Auguft. 1742. being iituated m ijdeo' g" north latitude, and 1 14 deg 50 min. weft of Aon 1, in America. 'ITiis iftand is 12 miles in length anU in bieadth. extending from the .S. S. W. 10 \ v The foil IS dry and fandy. and the air healthful ,U land riles in gentle flopes from the ftioie to the mM of the ifland, inierrupicd by valleys of ancaly dcfc The valleys and gradual fwellings of the ctound'" beautifully diverlilicd by the encroachmenifof wood and lawns; and the woods confift of tall (pn^d trees, celebrated for their afpcd or their fruit- 1 turf of the lawns cle.in and uniform, compofed offil trefoil, intermixed with a variety of flowers; the wo ill many places, open, free from bulhes.'and una wood, atlordmg moll elegant and entertaining nn pcCls. or' The cattle on this ifland were computed toamo to 10,000, (we fuppofc he means horned cattle) all r fectly white except their cars; bcfidcs which there v hogs and poultry without number. The cattle ai fowls were fo fat. that the men tuuld tun them do« and were under no neccfllty of Ihooting them. Th flefh is well tafled, and very cafy of digellion.' About the beginning of the prefcnt century ifland was f»id to conta-fi at leaft jo.ooo inhabiiaij when a dreadful mortality raging "among them ni| digious numbers died, and the calamity prevail] with equal violence in the iflands of Hota and Gui the Spaniards obliged thofe that remained at Tinian remove to Guam, in order to make good the delicich by the number of the fouls that had periihcd in ij ifland ; fincc which time, Tinian has been wbolly < inhabited. The ruins of the buildings in Tinian, foj of which are of a particular form, evince it to have bi once a populous place. The illand of Kota has not i thing in it that demands particular attention. Its cH produce is rice, which is cultivated by a few InJi] who live theic undifturbed, but are fubjccl totheSuaij governor. Though the other iflands arc uninhabited, thfyan, general exceeding fertile, the air good, and thccinif temperate. They alfo produce plenty of provifict but they arc feldom vilited, on account of thegreatl convenience arifing ftom the want of water for ancif ■k ,,iA!bw...»...*.4*ci^*' "^MODORE BYRON'S VOYAGE— for making Difccvcrics in the Souiiieun Ocean, &l;. 247 Tinian " "^"f^ commodious in this |)ariicuiar, 1*^ ■ n there it i« vcy unfafc from June to October. moiiili of StrprcmlKT, the Taniar, one of Coiiimo- '" Bvron's (hip». m" *'th •"*" accident, that was at- ^\ 1 «iih tat'il confeqiicnccs to two of her bcft fea- ■ (he had, u ufual, ftnt her boat on (horc, when ""Vrf fudde'niy rofe fo high as to fill the boat with * hv which means the men were daflicd againll the **"'' g^y rocks near the fhore, and two of them '*P jj and the reft who were fix in number, with '"'* difficulty efcapcd fuflcring the fame late, byfwim- "^ffto rtiore, they being frequently repelled by the lull f**" *^'^*' prevailed at that time. t rral other iflaniij have lately been difcovcred to u, ilwjrd of the Philippines ; and from iheni calletl 'J'^-j^j Philippine*, of which father Clan, in a letter \tinila (iff'^'t'^^ if* ^^'^ Pliilofophical Tranfac- \«ivc$ the following account : that he happening '*'l«.ii the town of Guivam, in the ifland of Samar, '" J ^9 palsf*' °^ inhabitants of certain newly dif- mi"! illinds, who were driven there by the callcrly '°"u which blow in thofc fc.is from December to Ij . They had run before the wind for 70 days to- iler iLCording to theii t)«n relation, without being F! jjiflikeany land till they came inlij;ht of (iuivam: lL»crc (5 perfons, and embarked in two boats, with iflf wives and children, when they firft came out, but t«nl pifi'^^'' ''y '''^ harddiip* they underwent in the fa they were under fuch a confternation when a '^froin Guivam attempted to come on board llan that all the people which were in one of the vellels., I«ih'their wives and children, jumpetl overboard 1 Lwi-Kf, they were at length prrfuaded to ftecr into the lli(bour,aii>l'''<-"y landed the 28th of December, 1696. l-j cjtciK.u-nutsandrotits which were brought them I (fjtly, but would not touch boiled rice, the com- I'j, fooii of the Aliaticj. Two women who h«d IfciK'ly '^''*" "'^ °" dioic from the fame iilands, were \k\t inicrpretcri ; they related that their country con- I lift) of V 'Hinds, and by the form of their veffels [■I fills their country feeincd to be in the neighbour- ll^of the M.iriana, or Ladronc Iilands { they related 1^1 iHcir country was exceeding populous, and that iJihc idamls are under the dominion of one king, I Lg|((cp> hi> court in the ifland of Lamarcc: ttw |^„(, ^o hall naked, and the men paint and (lain l^ifbodit', making fcvcral furtt of figures upon them, la the wor.cn and children are not painted ; thic coin- ll(,ion and (hapc of their bee It much likt thofe of 5,ta«ny Philippinesor Malayes: The men wear only ijith ihout their luins which covers their thighs, and j5,hi( lodle aliout their bodies which they tie before. ^rc IS little difference betw ixt the drefs of the men nJviMiun, but that the cloth which covers the wo- ^ hangs a little lower on their kneel > their language idiircrtnt both from the Dcople of the Philippines pjth( Ladrone Iilands, and comes nearell to that of ilK.\ubs: the women that feem moll contiderable poni» them, wear necklace*, bracelets, and ringi of unoiftllicll. They fubfiftcd thenafelvet all the time ^»cicat fea with the filh they catchcd, it) a kind ifiickcr balkct with a great mouth, ending in a point, ihich they hauled after them ; and their drink was Bin water, which they happened to be fupplied with : ^ have no cows, or dogs, in their iflanas, and they lanawiy at the fight of the one, and the barking ((ihcotherj neither have they any horfci, deer, cats, ermvliiur footed beads whatever; .or any land fowls luihcns, which thev breed up, and never eat their eggs : ijxywerc furprizcd at the whitenefs of the Europeans, hviii); never fcen any people of this complexion, as ia «cre at their manners orculloms : it does not ap- frihatthcy have any religion, nor do they ufe any nmls, Init cat and drink whenever they are hungry f ihiilly, aiul then but fparirj',ly. They falutc any one \liA\% hini by the hand or foot, or gently broking \^hx: among their tools they have a faw made of iljrgclhell, (harpcncd with i (lone, havine no iron or idKi metals in their country t and were Tufprifed to b ;hc many tools ufcd in building a fliip. Their arms arc lances or darts, headed with human bones and (]Mirpen«d. Ihcy feem to be a people of much life and courage, but of a peaceful difpofition ; and are well proportioned, but not of a large !izc. Wc now proceed with the narrative of our voyage. On Monday, the 30th of September, after haying been at the ifland of Tinian nine weeks, we found our fick pretty well recovered; and this day the tents were ordered to be ftruck.and to be brought, with the forge and oven on board the (hips. We alio laid in two thou- fand cocoa-nuts, and a quantity of limes, for the ufe of the feamen, the Commodore -having experienced them to be efficacious antidotes againll thcfcurvy. On Tuef- day, the ifl of (Wober, we weighed, and failed from Tinian and the reft of the Ladrone iflands. Having finilhed our bufincfs on which wc were fcnt, by the diU covcry of thofc Idands in the South-Seas, according to our original dcftination, we bent our thoughts to- wards returning home, and it was propofcd, fliould we be fo fortunate as to lind the N. E, monfoon fet in, be- fore we (liould get the length of the Bailie iflands, to touch at Datavia, which our Commodore preferred to any port of China for recruiting his fhips, he being dC'* tcrrcil from touching at the latter, and particularly at Canton, by the bafc and ungenerous ufage which lx)rd Anfon received there, afiv'i a voyage of much loiijffr du- ration, and attended with « feries of the moll dreadr ful dillrffre.^ and niisiortuncs, that called for pity and aflillance. We had very little w ind this day and the next, till the evening, when it came to the wellward and blew frefh. On the jrd, in the morning we (ltx)d to the north- .vard.aiid ma Je the ifland ot Anatacan; remarkably high, ami the fame that was firll fallen m with by I^)rd Anfon. On the loth, we obfervcd in latitude 1 8 «'cg. jj min. north, and in 1 j6 deg. 50 min. call longitude. On Fri- day, the 1 8th, fcvcral land birds were fcen about the (liips, which appeared to be very much tired : a very remarkable one was caught ; it was about the fizc of a goofe, and all over as white as fnow, except the legs and beaks, which were black, the beak was curved, and of fo great a length and thicknefs, that it is noc eil'y to conceive how the mufclcsof the neck (which was about a foot long, and as fmallas that of a crane) could fupport it. We kept it alive about four months upon bifcuit and water, but it then died, apparently for want of nounlhment, being almofl as light as a bladder. It was very dilTercnt from every fpccics of the toucan that is reprefcnted by Lxlwards ; and in the opinion of our Comniotlore, has never been defcribed. Thefc birds appeared to have been blown olV foine ifland to the northward, that is not laid down in the charts. On Tucfdaythe j:nd,at lix o'clock A. M. the northernmoft of the Baflic iilands, being Grafton's, bore fouth, dif- t.nt fix leagues. Wc proceeded without ;auching at this place, which was propofcd, and fleered weftward again. Ily our reckoning, which however the experi- ence of Captain (Jore has fince difprovcd, it lies in latitude 11 deg. 8 min. north, and in 1 18 deg. 14 min. eafl longitude. The principal of thefe iflands are five in number, but we were induced not to touch at any one of them, on .iccount of the dangerous navigation from thence to the llraits of Banca. On the 24th, wc were in latitude 16 deg. £9 min. north, and 113 deg. i min* call longitude. Wc therefore kept a good look-out for the Triangles, which lie without the north end of the Prafil, and occaiion a mod dangerous (hoal. On the 30th, we found ourfclvcs in latitude 7 deg. 17 min. north, and in 1 04 deg. 21 min. eafl longitude. This day wc obferved feveral large bamboos floating about the Ihip. On Saturday the 2nd of November, wc found by ob- fcrvation, our latitude to be 3 deg. 54 min. north, lon- gitude io;j deg. «o min. call ; and on the 3rd, wc rame in light of the ifland of Pulo Timoan, bearing S. W. by W. dillani about 12 leagues. On the 5th, we anchored in a bay on the call fide of the ifland, in (ix- tcen (athoms water, and at about the diflancc of two miles from the fl\ore. On Wcdnefday the 6th, vit landed, in hopes of procuring frefli provilions, but found the inhabitants, who are Malays, a furly mfolene fct of people. Oil feeing us approach the Ihore, they canie l*iA < ', ,'■! f \ i "Ml ■I- i M 'PM :'j. i i! lit] ir.!' Hi.i j'ti 1 •\m\r fly 1 1 : .' f/j. itn 1 4i|m| 1 i^A. 248 VOYAGES ROUND tlie WORLD Complete. I ''(.i 'li i »f '■i' L i! .t. •^ iH came down to the beach in great numbers, each man having a long kni''e in one hand, a fpear headed with iron in the other, nd a dagger by his lidc. l^otwith- flanding thefc hortile appearances, we landed, but could only parchafe about a dozen of fowls, a goat and a kid; for which wc ofFcred them knives, hatches, bill-hooks, and the like, whirh they refufcd with pteat contempt, and demanded riipres in payment. Having none of ihefe piece;., wc were at a lofs how to pay for what wc had purchafcd, but recolleding wc had fome pocket handkerchiefs, they accepted of them, though they took only the bert. Thcfe people arc well made but final! in ftaturc, and of a dark copper colour. There was among them an old man, drelfcd fomcwhat in the falhion of the Pcrfiar-s, but all the relt were naked, oiccpt fome pieces of cloth, which were fallencd with filvcf clafps round their waifts ; and they wore a kmd of tur- bans, made up of haudkerchicls upon their Seids. We law not any of their women, whom they pr^ .>ibly t.jok care to ke .p out of our fight. Their houfcs are neatly built of Hit kwiiboo, and railed upon pillars about eight fcit from the ground. Their boats arc ot an admirable good conlhuction, anil fome of them ol large dimcnlions. In thefe they p;obably trade to Ma- lacca. This illand ie inountainDiis, woody, jikI pro- duces l!".c cccoa-niir, and ciibbap; trei', in great abund- ance; but the natives s\ou'd not permit us to have any of their fruit. \\'c f.nv alio fome rice ground-i ; but what may )v: the other produi'lions of this ifland we cannot fay. in the bay is exct'lent fifhing, though the furf runs very high. We h.ij.cd our feine with grca: fuccefs, but could eillly perceive that by fo doin^^ we oflendcd the inhabitants, who confidered all the filh about the illaiui as their own property. Two fine ri- vers run 'ntothis bay, and the water is excellent ; wr filled as many calks with it as loaded the boats twice. ?.>iiic of the natives biought down to us an animal, which had the body of a hare and the legs of a deer, C>n>T cf our olli-trs buught it ; and we would have kept it aliM-, had it been in our p «cr to have procured pro- pi r fulknaiue ; but this btin^ impodiblc, it was killrd, and we found it excellent food. We llaid here only t\»o n i;hi . UKliHied.iy, and all tl;e time, had the moll vioU.i ■ hiindfr, lightning, and rain wc had cvrr known. 1 nis illaiul III I'uio rinwiii I. off the callern i nj;iti.e!c 105 drg, 40 min.tafi'. finding that nothing more ».is to be proi urod .it this p'ace. On Tliurlday the -/.h, in the morning «efct fail, and after arriving in the lititudr ot Pulo (loiid'ine, we had nothing but totn.iift)f5, and tcmjxftuous weather. On the iQih, at (even o!ed to lie i)or o'clock A. Vf. we faw a fiii<)( Chinefe junk ; anil on the 1 ;th, a fmali illand, callcl I'ulo Tote. At four o'; lot k P. M. we e amc to m an- chor, and faw' a fiLill (loop alxiui fimr milvS diflart from ui, wlijiji hoilled Dutch (olouf.i. In the night we had violent n 1 with hard fijuall.«. On f hutfday the 14th, wc «reighcJ, aiiil at nine o'cIik k A. M made fail. The »clUI we had fccn the day before llill laying at anchor, we fenl a lioat with an oflurr to fpeak wiin her: the (.Mlicer was received on Ixjard with giear civi- lity J but WIS much furpti/ed at limliiig, [hat he could not make h iiifell undrrllood, for the people on board were Nfdivs, witiiout ,i lii;j;!c wliite man among them ; they mad'- tea tor our men immediately, and In every refpcrt Ik li.iM d with great hofpitality. I his vrii';! was of a lingulai (I'liii. Iir dei k wai of flit bamboo, and Oic ^>a» llecfcd, not b/ a rudder, but by two large pieces lif timber, one upon each quarter. This day the wind b(. amc more moderate and variable fiom N. N. W. ro W. H- W. O 1 the i jtli \,t fct fail, and at twoo'ilot k 3 P. M. Monopin .lill bore S. by E. diftant ten le I having the appearance of a fmall iHand. It beai'l"^'' ' W. from the revenidands, and is diflant troiu the r*'' the feven idarids we fleered S. W. bv S. and (ocZl uw the coaft ot Suma,tra, bearing from W S \V W. by N. di^ant feven leagues. In the evcninjr J " '^ choj-ed; and on the i6th, at four A. M. wecontimi/.i'"'" courfe S. by E. till the peak of Monopin Hill bore ^ and Batacarailg Point, on the Sumatra flibrc S \V-' order to avoid a fhoal called Frederick Heiivl : l" which lies nearly midway between the Banca in/'l matra (liore. Wc then llecrcd K. S. E. and kept n J" channel, to IhunthebanksofPalambani River, and U' which li-'s od'thc wefternfnoft point of Uanea. \vl"" abreall ot i'alambam Kiver we rej'iitarly Ihojlnf '^^ water, and when we had pafTed it, we deepened 11 a./ .' We held on our courfe E. S. F,. between the thinfj . fourth points ot Sumatra, which are about ten loir didant Irom each o:her. The hi;'_h land of !' limca appeared over the third point of Sumici ]i ', ' '" " " I"'i()iii the third point to the lecuiij |J . by S. ,u the didanfe nf tUvcn Ifi.'...?' ingi:. .S.F. couil'e is S. E 'W^'i.} The high land o. f^eda Banca, .\rn\ thefcondpoj,,. Sumatra bear I'.. N. !•'.. and W. S. W. ftum [jrh otiitfl The llrait is five leaguci over, and the imd charmcl twenty-four fa;Ivoms. At fi,x o'clock in the even nr wc anchired ; and at five m the morning on the i-ttl wc weighed, with a moderate gale at .veil. OnTi'cl'i day, the 19th, weinit with an I'.nglilh fiiow, brlnncmjl to the Tali India C> nipanv. whole Captain Milhrlcatl generofity, picfcntci. our Commodore with a (licrii j d.i/eii ol IoiaIs, aiul .» turtle. Ihis was a nionacica- able prelcnt, for wc had now nothing to tat but ih liiip's provilions, which were become very b.n), Qui beef and potk Ihink intoler.ibly, and our bre.ul nj^.d, ten and lull of wi>rms. In ihtalternoon we anchorrl and lent a boat to found for the liicals which lie 10 th northward of Lnfipara, which ifland bore tiom w y K. by S. diflant lix leagues. On the :oth wc wotko between the Ihoals and the coafl of .Suniatri, md Im ing got through the flrait. well known to navip.,;,-,,, „, ihc .:7th, we (leered between the lllands ui Ivbui in, Horn, and cnteied the road of Urtavia, where ncai! iliore "i jcciui this d.iy was the a^th ol N'ovember We counttdil this road more tliio om liuiidied fal gir.it and Inn! among >*h;ch was an Englilli fljip from Uoiiib.iv, 3I the {■"alii. nth nun of war, which we fimn I ccnJrim; and lyii'g alhore, ami .ill the men cleared for Kofjlani except the warrant ollicers. who were left here t.ll il Lords of the Admit. ilty lliould think nrnpcrto iecj| iheni. A Dutch Commodore iMlongii.ir to tlieirroir pany is always ftaiiimetl here, who in theejiioihi ' 'Mintrymen is a (H-tfon of vrry great conre.]iience. 1 thought fit to fend his f*;* kfw.i,n, a veiviliit, rajipd fellow, whi» afj;fd thr f onuiiodoie manv itiijinh quenioni, as wh*iK< we i amc, &c. at t!ic lam; w pulliiiff out ' b^ t^r moll iicrb building in the city, having iiidtc the .hi oh. lace than an inn. During our flay at ilu plici-, «ere fipplicJ with g.ioj grceni, fiuits ol all kiml?, ]{ "f^^^^^ov-f- BYRON'S VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocf an, &c. 249 fvoffrfrti "^"'= wctook alfoon board a great P ;L of water, at the rate of five fliillinKS a Icager. •'"'"huiuired and fifty gallorw. A Oiip oJ four hun- Iw* J city tons, built at Bombay, was employed in r ikiL ilie Dolphin, and paying her bottom and liilcs £iiilk'"« illi. When wc arrived here, wc had not one l*i'M*f :." tither lliipj; but knowing Batavia to be nhcali'iy than any other part of the Kail Indies, I-- r,ck in cither lliipj; unhcali'iy than any I"""' ,.- . , ,,v fcafon was at hand, and our men could rixdegfcsfouthol the line, and is divided from Su n diltant tberefr. m live !-,igucs, by the ftraits of I A the '■' ''^' "■''"^"' • * ""I'", "•"J ""' iin." V.V.U1V e arrack at a very low r«ift, it was for thefc rca P'°*'"[,ylvcd to make our Hay as Ihort as polTible : how- ue had an opportunity of enquiring into the Hate J hi- country, and we hope the following particular uiit of what wc learnt will not be difagrecablc to k'^Lends and readers. The I'l'"' "'^ ■J."'*'* ^^^ capital whereof is Batavia, ;dt ■ UAi it IS fuppofcd to be ^20 miles in length, ex 1 ne alniott due ea(» and wc(f ; but its breadth, I h 15 hardly any v/hcre more than 1 50 miles, is dif- \t"nt in dirtcrcni places. On the north toart of Java ff cial gooil harbours, commodii-us creeks, and ii! fliiiiR towns, with many ifl.inds near the fiiorc. Inlih li** 's fitu-'t"! •" ^^" ''^'•' »''l"a'"r. •'•'>* cl mates j^fitc ninperate and healthful at particular fcafons, Ij^'nana well winds blowing all the year all along iVort", belides thegi-neral land and feabrcc7.cs, but I'mih "t l)eceml)cr ihe coall is very dangcroun, violence of the weHcily winds. !n"ir attends this difagrecablc 'ircumllance, which "^iijt of diflroying infinite broods of infects, that Lii mhrrwife dtfitoy the fiuitsot ihc earth. Their ^rini'. n" ''P*"" '" J"'y '"'"'^ (Xlober, which months Sonlv fiirnidi the inhabitants with all kind* of fruits, L- «i!ii f^'fy neceflary and luxury of life. Tlic land, Jich n •."' fertile about the fea-coaft, is linely divcr- Uf] with hills -nd valleys, whit h, near Batavia, is Vh' improved by rich plantations, fpacious canals, ,i«t"if^''f '^■'" "'''^ '" '''^ charms of a country natu- lli iiliilant and agreeable. But the Dutch have JjfaviTv inconllderabic progrcfs in the cultivation jjthr count IV bc)ond tl e neighbourhood of that city, Lfiina to the inland parts being almoll every jKfiiil'lt ur>cd by impairablc forcrts,orby mountains, iliofch.Mdj iVem to touch the clouds. Java prixluces ariety of fruit : there are here to< oa trees in ikcrJim Ci and in the plains is found a tree, wliof 'uiit 'icjiltJi'Ui'Tous, the juice whereof is idcd by ihc na- pt(« an infallible remedy againll the Hux, which often K«»ih|^rcat violrncc. 'I tie Imlian forrel, which iBnoiclcniblance to that in Knalaml, is eaten by the ilabirani3 in large quantities with their (aUds, »f>.\ its Into mixed with faw-duH «ffand»l wooO, d uir.t as a (taticure (or the tooth Mh. Ih'ir fruiii are .n gr- Kul, »fiv rich, particularly their p«>mpioni, the infi , a Jatltonc lomctimci weighing eight or ten pounds. Bii fruit, if left on the tree, continues in pcrfedhun i[k)(i< round, and when gathered, will, with care, kcplour or five months. VVc thought them fo excel- Idii.ihat we bri'Ufiht many of them to F.ngland. The lingo fruit rifes from a white flower that grrws im the fcallim^'sof a tree, every way as large as our tnglilh all, Pfjypcr and < orice alfo grow in the > wintry, and mlimlldiltance fiom liitavia arc fcvcral plantations i( fuf;ar canes, from which i» made a i uiiliderable BiMitv of fuijar, What is here called the Indian Oil.iin (Unable as any that ran b? found in Kurope, ituiKid luing ol fuch a conliOence, as to be proof mil ihi worms, and, vshat is more, afr.ainll the inn <, hwill^naw a pdl'age through almott every other !i the general remedy againft plcurilies. In fliort wc wciC told, that almolf all forts of garden fluff thrive in Ba- tavia, and that thofc brought not only from Surat and Fcrfia, but from Kurope, yield near that city a great in- creafe, fo that their kitchen gardens produce peafc and beans, with roots and heibs Uiflicient for the confump- tion of the inhabitants : however rice is the only corn that grows in the ifland. The woods and forells of Java abounc* with a prodigious variety of wild beafts, as rhinoccrofes. tygers, foxes, buffaloes, apes, wild horfcs, jackals, and crocodiles. Their cows are nearly as large as ours in England, and have generally two or three calves at a time : their fheep are alfo nearly of the lite of ours. They have likewife a prodigious number of hogs, whofe flcfh is effeemed v;( client, and far pre- ferable to beef or mutton. Here art a variety of fowls, particularly partridges, pheaCants, wood-pigeons, wild peacocks, ami bats io larf;e, that the body of one of them is as big as that of a rat, and their wings when extended reach at lealf thiee feet, from the extremity of one to that of the other. With rer[>ed to reptiles, they have many that arc very pernicious, particularly fcor- pions, among which we law feveral that were at leafl a i]uartcrof a )ard in leng li ; but thofc of a fmallcr lize arc fo coiiinion, that it is hardly (wfllblc to remove a chcll, a lookiiig-gLCs, or a luge pichirc, without lind- "ig them, and being in danger of futJering by their Ifing. I lie fame crc.iturc In.otliercd in oil, and ap- plied to the wound is a gencr.il remitiy againft their poifon. 15c(id..s t! • "-, there are a great number of fnakes of dilkrcnt is, from one foot in Icp'"^' tn fen. .\mong a variety of valuable anin.als u!eful to man, there are none more plentiful than till;, of which there are many kinds, and very good, as alio a ijreat number of turtle. The illand of Java was formerly divided into feveral petty kingdoms, which are at ptefcnt united under the jurifdiction of the king of BaniiMii, who is in the pof- (elTlon of the ealKrn part of the ifland, as the Dutch are of the weltern, and fume parts ofthecoaft. The natives of Java are, according to the Dutch, not only proud beyond mealure, but (killed in all the arts of im- poflure. Iheir faces arc Hat, and of a brown caft, with (iiialleycs, li e the ancient ohinefc, from whom they iHiall their original dcfcenr. The men, who are flrong and well jiroportioned, wear round their bodies a piece of calico, which among the more wealthy is flowered with gold. The women are in general fmall of ftature, i]v\ have a piete of calico, wbuh reaches fiom their ariii-pits to their knees. Ihe principal part of them, tfpeciailv iho'c near the coafl, are Mahomcdans, and the nil Pagans. In the weflern part ot the illand arc many towns, ami inthecallern, thecities of Ualambuan and Mataraiii are thofc in which the king of Bantam reliJcs, who is flilcd the Eirperor of Java. BataviA was foimcily no more than an open village inhabited by Pagans, and (uiiounded by a palilado of bamboos j but fimc the Dutch have ctlablillicd a f.ttlement, it is bc- > oinc one of the fincfl cities in the Indies. It lies in , deg 50 mm. loiitli latitude, and is watered by many linall rivulets >«hich unite into one flreim, before they difchai^e th< ulelvcs into the Ita. "he city is of a tiiangtilar i>> I'ortihed wiih a flo'.c wall that has trtcntyewoli.ii OIK, and four)' rear gi't ■■^, two ol which all' < x< reding magnificent. I he ha .lour i$ very caps- . Ml being large enough to contain ■ thoufand vellcls III u' frft leciirity from the violence .1 the winds. It IS iliur upevei) night with a chain, ti. rough which no Ihipcanpafs without permillion.andpnying a fixed duty, to e'ltorce which ordinances it is guiided by a fliong party of foldiers. The (Irceis run in right lims, and are inofl of them thirty feet bioad, and paved with brick near the houfes. Fifteen of the llretts have ca- nals of water rui;iiing through ihcm, and over one of ihofe canals are lour Arong bridges, each conlilling of four arches twelve feet broad : hut m the city there arc fifty fix bridges, befides many draw-bridges without the walls. The flreets are fo crowded, that from four Itiii vood. Ihe leaves of this tree boiled in water, sj in the morning till late at night it is ditlicult to pafi iMlullof ihcm i| tonfumed, i», amongtho naiJvM, li through them, on account of the concourle of people ^D.p. -" •• " — •• " • "4F-~ ' ftk .* tontinuaily ^m'-'im 111' i'.' n ; I'm * (\' ill' i! li i'l'ii * uf ht i$o VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. i^ 1:4'- '■Ij continually engaged in bufinefs. We may obfervc of the public buildings, that the Chinefc hofpital is a neat ftrudure, fupported by a tax laid on marriages, burials, and public fliews, as well as the voluntary con- tribution of the Chinefe-merchants. In the fame ftreet is a foundling-hofpital, and alfo a building, in which are lodged all the artizans in the Dutch Ea(\-India Com- pany's fervicc. The company have likewifc a great rope-yard, that employs a conliderable number of the poorer fort of people, who work under the (hade of the nut-trees planted on each fide. To the weft end of this yard are the company's warchoufcs, for mace, cin- namon, cloves, and other commodities. In the caftle, which is of a quadrangular figure, built u(X)n a Hat, are apartments for all the members of the council of the Indies. The palace is within the ./alls of the caftie, »:nd is appropriated to the ufe of the governor. It is bu.it with brick, but is extremely ma^jnificent, and lof'.ier than the other i>»ii(din(:s of the city. On the top ol :ac turret bekmgirav to the palace, is placed an iron fhip, curiouUy wrought, for the purpofe of a weather cxk, which is fo large that it may be leen fome leagues out at fca. Round the cit- lorts are erected, to proted the inhabitants of the plam from dhe mcur- fions of the original natives, w^io beforr tHry were erected, frequently came down upon «h' jsMnpie, and plundered ttirtr plantations. Among the principal public buildings are a very handfonie town-imife : a fpinhuys, or liouie of corrcdior ; alfo four or hve churches for the Dutch Calvinifts; befidrs n rrr.it number of religious ftruciures for the ufe of ^prfi.-n, ni other religions. The garrifon conlilh of lof ; .t-ni there is ,i troop of horfe, ai a guard tor the company's pwlTeflions lodged m the city : thefe men arc ol good Itature, and when drawn up in their uniform, make no dcfpicabic appearance. The inhabitants of Batavia are a compound of various nations, among whom the Dutch are the moU {)ower- ful and wealthy. Next to thefe.are the Chinefe, who arc, perhaps, the moft ingenioui cheaii in the \uirld. They farm the excife and cuftoms, and mdecd arc fure to be concerned in every thing from »hich thev have a chance of deriving the Icaft profit. They live under a governor of their own, and drefs in the fame manner asthofe in China; but wear their hair long .md neatly braided, paying, in this laft cirtumllance, no manner of regard to the Tartarian edids, which in China oblige the natives to cutoff all their hair but one lo(k. ft is remarkable that on the top of a mount of earth, underneath which lie the remains of one of their gover- nors, Hands a table, whereon is placed a cup, into which the Chinefe fometimes pit money and provilions as an olfering to the foul of th;. leceafcd. This is lituated in the midft of a grove, wiihout one of the city gates. The Malayans, who arc the next in riches and trade to the Chinefe, alfo live under a governor of their own. Their houfes are covc'fd with leaves, and furroiindcd with cocoa-trees. '»iieir drefs is the fame with the Chinefc, and they arc generally chewing U-tcl. The Mardykers, or TopafTes, are idolaters of various na- tions, who live both within and without the city, and feein to be a people of caf> difpofition, who accom- moaini, mannr-s, and placet of religious worlhip. So that the- inhabitants oTthis city tnakc a more inotly appearance ihan can be conceived bv any who have not fren them. Ihe roads about 'he c 1.7, iat many miles, arc as good as anv in England ; they are very broad, and by the fkie of inem runs a canik!. iiiadcd with trees, whirh is navigable for velitls of a v"ry large fi/.e. On the other fide of the canal are gard'n.i, and the country houfcs of the citi- 2cns, (molt of whom keep their carriages, It being I almoft a difgracc to be fcen on foot) wherctheTf"" as much of their time as pollible, the fituatioii C""* Icfs unwholefomc than the city, which is bi-"f "^ fwamp ; and the trees, though they have a pIcakL " ' I pcarance,muftundoubtedlypreventthe noxiousv ''* that arc perpetually arifing'from being difMrit^'!" obftruifting the circulation of the air. Thus w h given a particular account of every thing we r ' Batavia worthy of obfervation ; of which da !" reader will find a ftill more circumftantial fun* ' complete defcription. in the hiftory of Ca'pt r 'l? ' firft voyage, page 82 of this work. We now prei^^! 1 for our departure; and having fitted the Dol l taken in our water, and a fufficient ftock of f n! provilions, together with a quantity of rice and rack, ™ 'f* On Monday the loth of December, we wciol, 4 anchor, and fet fail with the Tamar in company fc falutcd, on our leaving the road, by the Eiwliih ft!"^ the Dutch Commodore and the fort. We paffci '*' the Thoufand Iflands, which extended along the north'' lidc of Java, almoft to the weft point of New Guin Commodore Roggewein failing through the midft "fi them, and finding it impolTible to count them gj them, we are cold, the general name of the Th™L5 llUnd.. They are inhabited by a favagc pcoT * a black complexion, who arc almoft naked, and ,h f| idands are tamous lor producing a beautiful kind 1 liird, know among us by the name of the bird 1 paradife \* calfo pafled by a multitude of othcrfiJ iflands, Lominonly called the Bed of Rofej Af which we entered the Straits of Sunda, where the l" on each fide is very high, both on the fhore of ihcifl!! of Sumatra, and that of Java, the piflWe bctw,, which conftitutes (he Straits of Sundj. The land the laft mentioned illand is very irregular, and thtm habitants extremely poor. They trafficked with ' chiefly for old deaths j and *r had an oppoitumtv fupplyinif ourfdvei with a grc»f quantity ot the fin green turtle, fowls. Mtd fruit of all kinds. Ihe Coi inodore bought for lO nxdollan, as many tunic weighed upwards of 1000 pound's weight, pan which he gave to our Ihip's company, and alfo fo apart to that of the lamar. On the 14th, j( fcvcn the evening, ue cainc to an anchor on the north-fi, ot Princes Illand, which lies within the fouth cninr of the rtraits, in or«l< r to recruit our wood and wati We found this illand well l»v the nativ, they often fall v.tun which tune, we repiiircd an mconliderable darnaw tl Dolphin had luft.iincd, by having had fome pieces copper torn otfthe larl)o:ird bow, by thcllnall bo' anchor. This done, and having taken m ii iru wood and wa;<"r as wc could ftow, we weylied, a working to the windward, Iwrforc night got with Java Head. Hy this time a putrul fever raged juioi our crew, whereof three of our hands died, and mai others lay in fo dangerous a condition that weha cnrnm 'il'ionu biiantttd e DutclJ : niiivg CfudtK dama^c thi •"< pieces c, llTUll tiow^ II ai iruci i/lud, an got witho, igcd jinun 'nil min lODORB BYRON'fi VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in tlie Sou i hern Ocean, 6cc. 251 I las but had contrary winds for fevcral days d'Af " ' Krom he«ce the coait lies W. N. W. to the ;,her. ""^ f'Cood Hope, di (hint about 30 leagues. On ^^^th we paired between Penguin Ifland and Green i'"'5 'j jt three o"cloci< P. M. came to an anchor ^"r'ble Bay, with a frelh gale, working to windward i" !" (.|„fe reefed main and top-Tails, and there found 1 ■ iieht Dutch ftiips and Indi.imcn, bound for l^*^ c In this bay the S. E. wind blew k flrong, as rwiiie us to lie with our yards and top-nia(h (Iruck; r»?t»»s fomctimcs with the grcateft difficulty that I hc'ts reached the (bore, through the violence of the 1°'" 11, which at particular times are here fo great, as 't"? ^'j jj,ipi from their anchors out to fea. On our '" III the bay we faluted the fort, which compliment mediately returned: and on Friday the 14th, the odorc waited u|>an the governor, who lent his '"'"mmcdiately returned: and on Friday the 14th, the ' lodorc waited u|>an the governor, who f— '-■- hand lix to the water-fide, to receive him. Com'"' Ihe r ^jj a moft excellent place for Ihips to touch at ; a healthy climate, a line country, and abounds » ith iiisa fr Ihments of every kind. The Company's garden is ". ii^htlul fpot, and at the end of it is a paddock be- It to the governor, in which are kept a great uinbef of very curious animals; among others were ic ollriches, and four zebras of an uncommon . jhc fqu.wc, in which the old gc' crnor lives, is itlfCt hnc P'' illcd by many other grand buildings, bclidei 1"^ ji5jpuropriatcd to the ufe of that great officer, who 1' jppears with the dignty of a prince. Our Com- IHlore during his llay, refidcd in a houfc adjoining to |'r^yf,n>'r '5, where he had a centinal alwayj at t.ie Iteand a hrjcant who attended him whenever he l!!It abroad. In the middle of this fquare is a very Ir^i^iuiitain, which fupplics the grcatell part of the I n*i'^> \*'i"'''' ""^ ofliccrs of Iwth lliips redded A^ at Mr. Pjince's, and as for a long time we had igMvetl no recreation, we now fjKnt our time very Imfti''!'- "^* (Koplc alfo on board, h.4d all leave to laofill""' ^'y """*• *"^ '^''y always contrived to get Iffliiple'"* ''""*'' ^"'^ *-''l"^ wmcl)eforc they returned. |n,i»jjchiiHy owing to the civility of the inhabitants, ■hey depend on the foreign Ihips who touch here, (hrir intcrcrt to l^ehavc with good in.inners, (cxiijcirdiiiary complailancc to all llraiigerj. Dur- ~,(i(,;mf we continued at the cape, which was three k< all<)nl>i>ard both (hips were fupplicd with iriili uiiiKijiid lictfi lor provisions arc lo cheap, tli.it a tfiiMiiy be bought for a Spaniih dollar, whuh, wlx-n lAirevi "f 'he oflal, will weigl. 50 or 60 pouiuls. ITtKir! Ills which are remarkably large. arcrhieMy com- ftil oi l.it, which eats lik/' marrow. 'Ihcir fk'ns Irnot o\< red with wool, at ouis in Kngl,.nd, but ,ab llkiml (il down, intermixed with long bar. I he bul- L(^, i,cla;ge, and ufed for the moH part in teams, K »hich they are preferred to horfcs ; eight or ten o( [jKifllinng harnellcd together, and conouiltcd by a ft»\f *ho K"" ^'o'^^ '" K"'dc them. The hoirwi aic ifaiill but very fpirited ; and we were told an odd cir- lOiiElLnce concerning them, which is, that they ate liturkiiownto lie down but when lick, and that this is Dinulliblr (ign by which their owners know when they lirtoiitol Older. WithrcfpcCl to the country in general, it is utuated • tc)'. of (buth latitude, and in a temperate climate, , ili'f extremes of heat and cold are equally »n- t '.:.. It abounds with the moll beautiful landfcaprs, iMolihe mountains being inieilperled with lofty I ihc tinell trees, and the valley* and plains con- irli^;hi(ul meadow lands, adorned with a variety nod beautiful Howcri, that (ill the air with their I 1-. Ihe land alfo pioduccs the lincft vegetable IpmJuiions, and the richeft fruits, wnile mt*ll ol'thofe Srouxl-it (runtry, on Thuiiday the 6th of March, our (,.)mniod.)rc took Itasi of the gcxxl old governor, and ihc next ilay we got under way, ami failed with a fine brcf/e »< -S. K. On Sunday the i/.th, at fix o'clock, A. M. wf faw the rocks otf the lllaiiny( material occurring till the aoth, when we w«rr al.irm'{[:. ' mi S r';. ' •;!' L« ' ' -iiW 'I" hl'l 252 VOYAGES ROUND the W O R L D Compiete. with blood, by which we fuppofed the whale was killed, or at Irart deeply wounded. On Tuefday the 25th, we crofled the equator, in longitude 17 dcg. 10 min. and the next morning Captain Gumming of the Tamar, made the fignal to bring to, and came on board the Dol- phin to inform the Commodore, that the rudder braces were broke from the (Icrn-poft, whereby the rudder was rendered intirely ufelefs : upon which the Commodore Tent his carpenter with adiftants on board the Tamar, who went to work upon a machine after the model of that which had been fixed to the Ipfwich, and Grafton, each of which fliips, at different times, fteered home from Louifbourg by the help of fuch a fubftitute for a rudder. This machine was completed in about fix days, and received fomc improvements from the ingenuity of the conllrudor : but it was thought better to fend the Tam.ir to Antigua, in order to rctit ; accordingly on the I ft of April, the Tamar parted company with the Dol- phin, fteering for the Caribbee iflands. In their paf fagc they found the difference of failing with the ma- chine, to be only about live miles in forty-eight hours. After the departure of the Tamar, which was the firlt time of our being feparatid wholly from her fincc our leaving En,^land, and in latitude j^^ dcg. north, longi- tude 35 deg. wefl, we had a mod violent gale of wind, which drove us to the northward of the wellern iflands, and into latitude 48 dcg. norih, longitude 14 deg. weft. We came within two hundred leagues of the land, and fpoke with fcvcral (hips lately from England, who gave us very erroneous accounts of the bearing of the coall. We had now a (irong eafterly wind, which lafted fevcral days, and the weather appeared to us piercing cold, from our having been, during fo long a time, ulcd to a warm climate. However, wc at lafl had a favourable wind, and on Thurfday, the 7rh of May, ni,v (U „ of Scilly. On the 9th, in the morning, we arr'iv iJ"' the Downs, where we call anchor; having!). '' weeks running from the Cape of Good HorL" "'"' fomewhatmorcth.«n two and twenty months in Mi' "" cumnavigation of the globe. ' Thus ended a voyage, originally planned by hi. m jefty, George the Third, and which produced th. 'rf r covcry of thofc iflands, that have lately engrolTcd 1 attention of the public. Wc have endeavoured tod fcribe them, and our courfes with accuracy, and 1 truth and authenticity, that might juftly be txt^ from one who faw every thing of which wc have^o^ a dcfcription. By the affiftancc of divine providence ' the tendcrnefs of our excellent Comnr.odorc, incau'?"' the crews to be ferved with portable foup, and withlh'' greateft humanity diftributing provilions to the f I from his own table, that dreadful difcafc the fcurvv rendered Icfs inveterate and fatal ; and we loll, includ* thofe who were drowned, a very mconfiderable numhe of men, a number fo inconftderable, that it i) hi hf probable, more of them would have died, in thewu t of a year, had they llaid on lliorc. Fmniourarnv at Spithead, till our leaving the fliip in the river bo^ts were fulfered to come on board us, noranyanfii lii be given to enquirers, with rcfp.-iJt to wlio wcwit! or from what port wc were come j fo that a varict conjC(5lurcs were formed as to our late vovagc. Aft having waited a few days, each man, accordinir tott, promifeof the Commodore, received double pay for hi Icrvices, and had an opportunity of enjoying thole coi forts, which wc, after an abfcnce of twciity-two montl from our native country, might be fuppofed ardcmiy ti wilh for. ' A NEW, ACCURATE, GENUINE, and COMPLETE HISTORY of A VOYAGE Round the WORLDJ P E R K O R M K D By Captain SAMUEL WALLIS, Efq. In his MAJESTY'S Ship the DOLPHIN; Having under his Command the Swallov/ Sloop and Prince Frrdrric Storr-ShipJ of which Mr. CARTERET and Lieutenant BRINK were appointed Mafters; UNDERTAKEN PARTICII. ARI. Y With a view to make Difcoveiies in the SOUTH SEA S.I Which reniarkablc Circuit of the Globe was begun on Friday, the 22nd of Aur.usT i-fi^i .1, completed nn Friday the 20lh of May 1768, confining a Period of 6y Dnyi, and Intiudo in the Years 1766, 1767, and i 768. ' , t'. I N T R O D U C 1 1 O N. NEVER wns there perhaps collccled together in any language, a more copious fund of rational enter- tainment then will be found \n this comprehcnfivc and complete work, of which the prcfcnt voyage is • part. To trace the progrefi of the difcovcriei that have fuc- eclTivcly been made, in pafTins round the globe, mult fill the reader's mind with fucha variety of new infor- mation, at cannot fail to raife his wonder, and entertain him with ineKorrflible dcliuhi. In the coiiife of this work he M lafcly condix^U I iluuugh regions that were once ihiH/ght iii«>i Mile, and m^de acquainted wn counitic* altfig^v^ different from that whtrcm dwells. Kvf , « ,)*g«; he reaiU will furnifli him with 1 velties, an.i »v. voyage •ill bring him nearer tot unknown count.!, in »e«n;h of wn.ch fo miny as commanders have f>een icnt in v»in. The difcovcryj the wcllcrn contincm t-y Columhui, guvr geograuhi rrafon to believe, tha- a like contMtcttt cxiM fogj where in the foutfi. Wichouc I'uch «n rquipwAi could not conceive how tUc i^obc OMtld pi«Htvt in | Una Captain WALLlS's VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, 6cc. 253 Maaellhaens, a Portiigucfc mariner, was the firft K'' „ptcd toimmortalizc his name by the difcovcry. r"' ,]• J tiie ftrnits, that to this day bear his name, and lalFed til' ■cJ the I - d'the Pariru- Ocean, whcr(; no European veflel had "'"'^ irc failed. He difcovcri d the L;idroneand Phil- ^(fbefor'-' ''''''L fHiroiindcd the whole earth, and proved to dc- bvllis ' . r„i : • .- -1 .u_ ..i..i_.. u_ ne illcs, and returned by the Cape of Good Hope, ' 'llrj'tion, the fphericai fi^^ure of the globe. He was ui\icd by navigators of dificrciit nations, who, emu- ol'lii* glory, fought to purfuc the track he had "' 1 our, with better fuccefs ; but the dangers they ""miiitcrcd, and the difafters they met with, rendered ^jiiliculiies thatattendcdtheprofccution infurmouni 1,. many peiilhcd, and thofc who furvived were glad {'turntionie after a fruitlcfs fcarch. 'J'hc ill fuccefs 'hichaiifJcJ thcfc firft atteniuls threw a damp upon ' ,„[erprii;e, and it rcn«ined long unnoticed, except [he writings of the learned. Some French geogra- fully ncrfiiadcd of the reality of fuch a continent, ifavourcd, a few years ago, to revive in their coun- ffltn the fpifif "f^ entcrprizc, with a view to derive „^,fH, their country, by complcatinjg the difcovcry j the talle for uncommon navijrations among the ; "1, fcciiicil intiiely cxtind, and it was not till the \ain and Tam:ir had failed liom i'.ii^land that they .ji-ht of renewing it. \ithistime, as wc havcclfcwlrtrcobfcrvcd, our moft 'ions Sovereign had formed the dclign of d.llin- Hni'h'nifelf hy pitronizing the profecution of new •oviw's in the unknown regions of the fouthern hc- (phcrc; md furely nothing can more endear a Brmfli ijrch'to hii maritime people, than a fteaily perfe- m.f in this laudable refolution. The love o( glory ipjlTwn natural to king^ : the conciuerors of the IJ jrc placed before them as patterns, anil they are ,;i(rr' liy exan^pleto feek occalions lor war to ac- ftaniinc. Hut how much more glorious is it toen- th( earth with a new region, than to triumph in iimiuicil f f fon>e rival ftatc ! — to extend protection iwiiotc, and it may he a dcfencelifi iKople, than to ilivclliMg fortiellcs, and by a general varnage o( and fr>ei, become niaftcr ol a tew delblated 1,1^ iiirili.ilcd at an cxpencc, a thoufand times iicrihaii what is neccllary to infute the fuccefs ol ifoncries. Can there be any compartfon be- ihr (;lory of a (uccefslnl enterpri/,e, loundcd on ]\J.\hk motives ol diHiifirg happtnifsti rough rc- iiD. \thofe inhabitants, fi>r oii(.!,lu we know, arc yet trkii in lavage darknels ; and that ot ';n};a,;mg m hiorJiHH war, by which millions of trcafure muii be ,p(i:Jal, and thoufands of lives facriliced? Is not the ^,,)lluc( ceding in the (iil^ cafe much more proba- ibii that of conijuerin;; in the other? And does not i-;fi in the difcovcry ol the long foui;hi region pio- iiinucli greater advantage to a trading nation, thaii (dviiiil of any part of the c.irth on this fide the Dul niK the little Pha-nicianllate reap moreglo- Lihjnclt from the difcoveries ol its meichants, than ituPiiir (ould boall from all his comjuefls? Was it Li'ii iicrlcverance of the Princes Henry, John, and Lj:i„i', in fupporting the cxpcnccs ot profciiiting lilouries in the liftecnth century, that laid the njiticn ol the PortugutI v rcatneln, whofc territo- m in iurnpe arc of no ini Mdcral !c extent' Rut i( ;> (■' aggrandizing a <«tc, and |H'rjH mating a 'i « .s'ltcriiy, be the •«»'< object i>i human ambi- «Scrc Ihall we loolk *^ > !\' »nari ii, who, after hav- u.id inurdri itd SsMMion throughout the world, icmkd to th^ ^iravc With that hcari-ftU (i.isfartion, M'dKlcd if" '"lorcntinc merchant Americiis Vcf- . when he hw all luiropo agreeing, wiih one con- irmnfi I his name t' more than a thirti part of 'iial globe ? Actfs whii li has attrnJi "i his prelt m Majefly's r.s, in ''k; voyages wc arv now nUiing, iiough as yi" I'loiliiccii noextraordinai) advaTiiagcs to ynlaic the fuim cx{icndcd m the proiccution ol : No. 30. them, yet it has been fuch as to open the w.ny to new iflands, from wliofe inhabitants new arts may be learnr, and from whofe productions new ncquilitions may be made, both to the vegetable and fjllil kingdoms, by which the boundaries of fcience may be enlarged, and the gardens of the curious enriched. Nor does it afford a finall (ittisfadion to inquiritivc minds, to be made ac- quainted with the genius, the arts, the various purfuits, the curtonis, the manners, the religious notions, the dil- tinctions of rank, and the fubordination that is to be met with among the people ot various illands and coun- tries, dill inci from each other, and liom us, in langu^j^c, habits, learning, and ways of living. Who can rc'ad of the poverty and mifery of the wretched inhabitants of Terra del I'uego, who have nothing but the lliins of bcalh thrown over them to defend them from the fevc- rity of the cold : natives of a mod hoi rid climate: not better provided with food than with raiment : who can read the flory of thefe forlorn creatures, without lament- ing the condition of human beings, dcllitutc as thcfc ap- pear to be, of every comfort and convenience, and ex- {Hjfcd every moment to the piercing rigour of the cli- mate, and the IHIlfevererciavings of unfatisficd hunger • On the contrary, who can thiniw of ilufe, while at the fame time, he is told of the pleafuialilc lives of thofc happy illandcis, in the new dilcuvered countries, who abound in fledi, fnh, and fruits, even to profi.iion, with- out admiring the ways of providence, that, for piirpofes unknown tons, has fo unequally bdlowed its ililjenfa- tions! In thefe voyages, when we read of men iliat eat men, no: from hunger, but from favago ferocity, wc fliuddcr tn think of the depravity of our nature, and are convinced of the ncceflity of bounding our paflions by wholefome laws, and ol corredling il:e irrcj^LiIaritics ot our appetites by tlic rclfraints of rt ligion. The varieiy of incidiiits that hanKiicd to our navi- gatois, anil in the courl'e ol ihiii voyages, when hiflo- rii ally recited, alfoid a peculiar kind of entertainmenr, not to be met with in other productions of a ditfeKnc kind. The many lingular adventutcs, iintbrefcen dan- gers, .md providential clcapes, that cviry Ihip expe- iicnced in palling romul the globe, can onlv be con- '\ ued bythofe who read, and bclievidby thofc who have Iccn the wondtrs of the deep. Nothing can excite or gratily curiolity more than lelaiionsof marvellousevents that happen in fucceirion, and in circumllances equally ciitical and imi>oitant. Thirc is not an obji-Ct that pre- feiits iifell cither bv lea or land, but alVonK fonte degree •»f ufe and Ipcculation. The filli that Iwim about the lliip, and the fowls tliat |)refcnt themfcKes in the ocean, arc indications by which ihe Ikilful mariner avails him- fell, either to guard againil the floim, or to prepare for l.\nd ; and our rcailcrs, as circumltances atile, cither (hare his daninr, or partake of his relrelliment. Wc are now preparing foi them new Kibiccts of entertain ment ; and being about to pafs again through the llraits of Magellan, mio the vail Pa. ilic Ocean or South Sea, it may not be amifs to ortcr a remark on this immtnfe lH)dy of water. It extends from the wcllern coall* of North and Si>uth America, to the callern lliorr-i of • China, Tartaty and Japan. Irom its iiuill wct'rm boundary bttwcen Peru and Chili, to its mod e ;!'.rn jioint at Cochin-China, it very near rolls over an extent of I )lo degrees of longitude; audit is now fuppoled, by the moll accuiatc invelligation that human Ikill and fpirit will c\er make, to reach quite to the South- I ole, and may pofllbly be as extenfivc towards the North ; fo that this fca may be laid to embrace, w iihin live degrees, an entire hemifphere of the globe of the world ; to explore which, in a certain track, is the objert of the voyage, undertaken by Captain Samuel Wallis. The hillory of ti.is we (hall now prcfent to the view of our numerous fubfcribcrs, only obferving that Captain" Wallis in this circumnavigation of the globs, dircCfed his ■ sHiilc more wcAwaidly than any foriiKt navigator wiinm the tropics. « , J S ,W-'\.« CHAP. If «ll ' I, '< I.'- ! mm-m 'mm' \v 2i4 VOYAGES ROU^ D the WORLD Complete. C 11 A P. I. Prep.nitlio)is for this voy,if^f, in/lniilioris, Uc. — Niwus of the ffjips and commividcrs—Ciraimliances previous ta ih /iiil from Plymoiilh—I'iiJfigf/tnm theme to the coal! hf l\il,ifoma—('.iiptain Byron's account of thegiuaniic „ '^■'"'"li firmed, vcilb Jonw additional rn\um/laiues--Ihc' thvii /lips conlinur iheir ctuyje tlrougb the Straits o/' ,V/jp i/"" '■•! rralive of the Patagonians conchided- A parlicu'uir andviimiledij'iiipiion'fthecoiijloneachjiiiftbe ^"~~^" narrative of the Patagonians coiic/iided- A parliiular and inimtle dcj't i ipiion '^ the coitft on each Jijf the Sir places in zi'hicb the f ips anchored during ibiir paffage, with an account of the Jboals and rocks that he near ib' '~" Rcrous. On Wcdncfday the 24th, at fix o'clori, »'. the ilkolM.y bore \V. S. VV. d.lhnt fix 1.... "^•' A. D. I , T^rHF.N the {ircfent honourable Ad- 766.- YY niiral Byron, then Coniniodorc, returned froin his voyage round the world, Ciptain Samuel VVallis, Efu. was immediately appointee! to the command of the Dolphin, in order to nuke another circuit of the globe, but particularly with a view to dif- CQveries in the Pacific Ocean, having the Swallow, a (loo;), mounting (4 guns, appointed to accompany him, the command of winch was given to Mr. Carteret, a lieutenant under Commodore Byron, and who on his return was advanced to the rank of a malU-r and com- mander. His complement was one lieutenant, 21 [)etty ofiiccrs, and 90 feamen. The Prince Frederick llorc-flup, was likewife put under Captain Wallis's command, whole mafter was lieutenant Brine. On the 19th of [une, C.-ptam WalLs, having received his commillion, went on board the Dolphin, and the fame daj' hoilled the broad pendant, and began to enter feamen ; but agreeable to his orders, he took no boys cither for himlclf or any of hisolVicers. The Dolphin being now fitted for her intended voyage, the articles of war, !iw\ the ad of parliament were read on boaid. On the :6'.h of July, (lie failed dnun the liur, and on C Saturday the 16th of Auguil, at eight o'clock. A. M. * anchored in Flj mouth Sound. On Tucfday the 19th, Captain Wallis received hi.s failing oider«, with inllriic- tions refpcv-'Ung the Swallow Sloop, and the Puncc Fre- derick llorc-lhi]) ; and this day we took on boJrd {ooo weight of (X)rtable I'oup, and a bail of cork jackets. Every part of the Ihip was filled with (lores ol vanojs kinds, even to the fUciagc and (late room j and an cx- tranrdi nary quantity of medicines being provided by the fiirgcon, which conliflcd of three large bo\e«, and thefc were put info the Captain's cabbin. On Friday the ::nd, at tour o'clock, A. M. the Dolphin, fon board of which was our joiiriialill ; de- parted from Plyinouth, m company with the Swallow and Prince Frederick ■, and too i'(K)n, tooiir moiiihca- tinn, we found the Swallow to be a veiy heavy ta.l-.r. On Sunday the 7th <.u September, we had a \icw of ih.- ill.md ol Porto Santo, due well, ami near inxjn came in light of the rail end of the illand of .Madeira. At five we ran between this and the Delertcrs, and at fiy anchored in Muleira Road, about a iiulr from the fliore, in 24 fathoms water, with a muddy bottom. .'Vbout tight the Swallow andPiincc I''rcderick came alfo to an anchor. The next nxirning wc faluted the governor writh 1^ guns, and the omplimiu; was re- turned with an equal number. We failed from hmcc on the i.:th, after having tikcn in beet, wine, and a large qiiantitv of i>nions, as Ica-ilorcs. On the i6lh, when off the iflaiul of Palma, failing at the rate of eight miles an hour, the wind fuddenly died auay, and for two minutes the veifel had n 1 motion, though we were at Icall four leagues diftant from the (liorc ; and w found the fhip 15 miles to the fouthward of her reckoning. Saturday the 20th, wc caught eight Ujncttas, out of a great number which furroundcd the (hip, and this day wc law two herons flying to thceaflw.ird. Fhe Swallow parted from us in the nijjht, between the 1 1 \\ and i ind, and on Tueld.iy the ijrd, at noon, the neaicll land of the ifland of Konavilla bore from S. to \V. S. W. and the call-end bore at the ("ainc time well, diftant two leagues. Wc now thought it ricccfTary to found, and had only 15 (athom«, riKky ground ; at the fanic time we perccivod a great ri[)p!ing, occafioned, as we fup- pofcd, by a reef ; alio breakers without us, diftant about one league in the diici'lion of S. F. ^Vc (leered between ihe ripp'mg »nd the breakers, and the Prince Frede- rick palfcd say near the fill, in the S. E. but had no fojnJingii yet thefc breaker! arc thought to be dan- ,.y dorc W . b VV . d If tant (ix league', ' 1 foon after our confort, the Swallow, joined - j again. At ten o'clock the wed end of the '^n"'''"' May, one of the Cape dc Vcrd Iflands, bore no h"' tant five miles; and at noon tlit fouth ma" Jag., bore S. W. by W. diftani four leagues Jl!' ^ thefc two places wc found a current, fetting to th r " ward, at the rate of 20 miles in 24 hours. \, ^ ci'dock, P. M. wc call anchor in Port Prayj piny with the Swallow, and Prince Frederick 'i" ^' fathoms water, upon fandy ground. During the"' wc had much rain and lightning. On the jfih"' otnained leave from the commanding officer at thr to get water and other ncccirarics. This beiiiirtl,. r 1 fcawn at this place, and the rains fo great as to It exceeding diflicult to get any thing down from"' 1 country to the fliips; the final}. pox being alfo , time e,)idcmic ; the Captain detained every m, ' board who had not had that contagious dill " However, we caught abundance ot fiflj, jJ™ cured a fupply of water, and fomc cattle from tf,c/' We alfo found large quantities of wild purflam uh' was very refreOiing, either raw as a fallad, or li.u our broth « ith pcafe. On Saturday the 28th, wc put to fea, andataU,, o'clock. P. M. the peak of Teria del Fuc.o k W. N. W. didant 1 2 leagues. Iivthe night wc (»* plainly the burning mountain. I hu diy ^■ *' U'allis ordered every man to be lurnifhcd withT and line, that he might fupply himlclf «i!h fill, hkewifc to prevent infcdfion, commanded ih.,t no thoiild keep his fiOi longer than 24 hours ; lor the tain h.id obfcrvcd that not only dale, but even H tilh, had tainted the internal air of the fliin ami J' the people fickly. t'. »na ir„ On Wednef.lay the ift of Ohibcr, \v( lod ,hcr, traele wind, and had variable gales. We were now laiiiude lodeg. _p min. north. On the jrd 'ac liwi a current run S. by K. « the rate of fix fl,homs hour, and on the 7th. the (hip was 19 miles fouthw of hrr uikoning. On Monday the 20th thcrrc«, the thru- fhips were fcrvcd with oil, all the bmicr .'i > heefe being conlumed ; and orders were ilfucd tl during the rcmaind.r of the voyage, tho* ihoulj ferved « ith vinegar and mudard once a fortniuht the 2 2na we judged we were w iihin fro degrees of la tiom the tight ol a prodigious number of fia.|ov aniMig which was a man of war bird. This day ciollej the FA)uino(^ial Line, in longitude j , ,1, 40 mm, wed tiom Fondun. On Friday the : oh orJi were given for lerving our fhip'. company with l.iimi .Old the wine was refcrved l.,r fuch as might be li, On the «7th, the Prince Frederick fpraiig a leak 1 hrr crew were at this tunc lo ticklv. through the (It. of pumping, wild the badnt Cs of their provilion., t', l.ieuten.mt Ihme, her coimnander. was apprcheniin- not being able u< keen company much longer unli tome alhflance could be given him. Ihe Cipu therefoie lent a carpenter and (\\ failors on board had It not in hi« pown to li^>ply her with bctifr'i vilions. A« the carpenter found he could do little t| ward* ftoppmg thrUMi , the Dolphin and Swallow ci pleted their providons from the lloic-fliip. a/id put, board her empty oiljars, ftavei and iron-hoops ( Saturday the 8th of November, we were m htitui as deg. 52 min. fouth. and m 39 dcg. 38 nun. * longitude from L/Jiulon ; and on the 9th. havinir It a great number of albatroflci, we (bunded vf it h t fathoms of line, but had no ground. On the 12- though th« fummer feafoti in thefc climates, yrt foi Ilucd, t r iiiouid 'grccs nt la ot ' •1' fca-low ■fill >lu ic . , ad light be liii aleak, it the |jti|; Dvilioni, ill prchtniivti i>ngcr, iiril( "he C',iptji board, \ h biiKr pn do liiilctj iwallowtci and put ( ■hoops, e in htiiu j8 nun. *i having la cd \fiih il >n the i]| latcs, yrt feu ^T'^iH WALI.IS's VOYAGE — for making Difcoverics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 255 111 f°"" (I to our thick jackets. On Wcdnclday the 19th, """'h o'clock P. M. we faw a meteor of a very extra- "•' rv appe-irancc. in the N. E. which Hew off in h Lmal line " the S. VV. with amazing rapidity : I' near a minute in its progrcfs, and left behind it I"'" ofli«ht foftronj;. that the deck >vas not le(s illu- l'"*Tcd than at noon day. On I'lc 2 1 ft. we were by rriiion in latitude ;i7 deg. 40 min. fouth, and in I *■" ,^ , min. well lonj;itude from London. On the I* H «efaw whales, Ic-als, fnipes, plovers, and other '•", „ith a great number ot butterHies. Our found- ^"fcontinued from 40 to 70 lathomi. "vja Monday the 8th of December, at fix o clock, H. ,»cdcfcricd land, having the appearance ofmany f llilljnds. At noon in latitude 47 deg. 16 min. h and in ^4 dcg. 58 niin. vi'tft longitude, it bore ,l\v bv S. to S. S. W. diftant eight leagues. At Ko'docK V- M- the To«rr Rock, at Port Dcfire. "^ <^ \V bv W. diftant .-bout three leagues. At •""'iwuin lllandbore S. VV. by W. hall VV. diftant """■, ^uis, and on the ninth, the fame ifland.at noon, ""'ink 4S dcp. 56 min. louth. and in 65 deg. 6 min. ",',1 'mi-itude, bore S. by E. diftant 1 9 leagues. We mitkcd this day, that the fca apjuared coloured by VV*' qi >"'•'/ °f '■'■■** Ihrimps that furroundcd the r Th next day, at noon. Wood's Mount, near £„,rat,cc of St. Julian's, bore ^. W. by W. diftant jL or four lo.igu s. and ourfou' Im^-.s were trom 40 . fathoms. On the 1 i:h, w c'lfcrved in latitude "^L . , min. fouth. and in 67 deg. 10 mm. weft Ciudf, «hcn Penguin Kland bore N. N. E. dilbnt iikaaucs. On Saturday the ijth, in latitude 50 deg. ■ niin. •' ini" fouth, and m f>R deg. weft longi- 5,if At OIK o'clock we were abioiit two leagues trom ,V !,vr. At four, Cape Virgin Mary bore S. K. by Sj'hnt four leagues. At eight in the evening, wc ,(.; irn luii the Cape, and before nme anchored in a tcWo under the Imith-fidt of the cane,in 10 lathoms nicr,lK)iioin gravelly. Soon alter the Swallow and finu Ktciknck came to an anchor between us and ii ,',*, which bore N. by W. hall VV. and a low fandy »r.iUc Diingencfs S. by W. Irom the cape was a ifj., to the diftance of about half a league, which cmlKeilily known by the weeds that are upon it. Ts, ,Vu »vc law feveral men riding on the fliore, who isiltli^n!) for us 10 land. Accoidinglv the next day, ktadthr 17111, Captain Wallis ordered the lignal for ttflxnt? belonging to the Swallow and Prince Fredc- ttlDCome on board, and 111 the mean time we hoift.-d wwifwii. We had obferved the natives to remain (pp •: t'c Dolphin all night, ftiouting aloud, and kr up M gc lires. Oni Imuii being all mnnncd B. :.i.d, and having 'w.th us a party ol marines, lb;;! lix oc\*i.k *e reached ihe be«ih, tlje Captain having left orders with the mafter to bring the iliip's tide to bear upon the landing place, and to keep the guns knded with round "..ot. Captain Wallis with Mr. Cumming and feveral cfhcers now landed j the marines were then drawn up, and the boat* were brought to a grapling near the Ihore. The Captain having made (igns for the Indiana to lit down, he ilif- tributed among them combs, buttons, knivc.s, fcillais, beads, and other toy-s. The women were particularly pleated by a prefcnt of fomc ribbons. He then in- timated that he fhould be glad to accept fonie guani- coes and oftiiches, in exchange lor bill-hooks and hatchets, which were produced, but they were cither really or delignedly ignorant of his meaning. Captain Wallis meafured feveial of thofe Indians; among whom the tallcll was lix leet feven inches ; others were one and two inches (horter ; but the general height was from five feet ten to tix feet. They ate mufcular and well made, but their hands and feet very fmall in propor- tion to the rcrt of their bodies. They are clothed with the Ikin^ of the guanico, fewed together into piece.i .ibout lix feet long, and five wide : ihcfc are wrapped round the body, and fallened by a girdle, with the hairy-fide inwards. The guanico is an animal, that in fize, make, and colour, relembles a deer; but it has a hump on its back, and no horns. Some of thcfe people wore a kjuaie piece of cloth, made of the hair of the guanico, and a hole being cut to admit the head through. It icac lied down to the knees. They bavc alio a kind of bulkm from the middle ot the leg totheinftep, which is conveyed under the heel, but the reft of the feet is bare. Their ftrait and coaife hair is tied back with a cotton ftring; and their complexion is a dark copper. Both the hoiiVs and dogs whicU «e faw, were afa Spanith breed. I'he horfcs appeared to be about 14 hands high. Both fcxes rode aftridc; but the men were turnithed with wooden fpurs Some of uliclc had their arms painted ; the faces of loinc were varioufly marked; and others had the left eye enclofed by a painted circle of a red colour. The eye-lids of all the young women were painipd black. They had each a miffiic weapon of a lingular kind tucked into the gir- dle. It lontitled of two round ftoncs covered with leather, each weighing about a {x)und, and faftencd to the two ends ui a tUmg about e'ght leet k)n|!. This is ulcd as a ilmg, one (lone being kept in the hand, and the other whirled lound the hcail, till it is fuppol'cd to have acquired futHi-ient power, and then it is ditcharged at the ot)|ecf, or any maik they wifb to hit. They likevvife catch giianicoe>>aiid olfri .hcs by means ot this corii, which is thrown fo, that the weight twifts round, and h.uiipcrs the legs ol the intended prey. They ajc fo expcit at the management of this double-headed lhot,asour Captain cal'cd it. that they would hit a mark, not bigger than a lliilling, with both the ftones, at the diftancc of 1 5 yaril*. The language of thefe people is iiuiie uinntclligible. 1 hey were indeed olien heard to repeat the woril G.i-pi ta-ne, on which they were fuc- cfHivtly adii' IBM i! ■ r m r.Mm >■■■) a56 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. j'l! 1 <«?' ./ intention of mifthief 3gain(> u$, had not the leaft fufpi- cion thnt wc intended anj 'fchief againlt thcni. In the bo.it they fung fcvcraloi .-ir country fongs, exprcf- live of their joy ; but when they came into the (hip, they cxprcdcd no knid of furprize, which the multipli- city of objccls, to them equally (Irangc and novel, that at once prcfented themfelvcs, might be fuppofed to excite. When introduced into the cabbin, they looked .ibout with a llupid inditfcrencc, till a looking-glafs, which drew their attention, aflbrded them and us much diverfion : rhcy advanced, retreated, and played a thou- fand antic tricks before it, t, wc fell inwitii si (hoal. upon which, at half Hood, „,j l but fevcn fathoms water. Detwccn ciglit and ^* o'clock in the evening, we came to an anchor " " league from the fhorc, in io fiithom, with a m'udfl bottom: -Cape Virgin Mary bearing N. F bv !■ h J E. Point PofTefTlon W. half S. diflant five lea,,,, j When abreall of the Sandy Point, we faw many wou'J on horfeback hunting the guanicoes, which ran upfj country with prodigious fwiftnefs. 'Jhe natives ijJht.j fires oppolite the lliips, and about 400 of tlitm »i^' their horfes feeding near them, were oblcrvcj ciica'muij in a fine green val'ey. The guanicoes wia- purfuidhy the hunters, with i'ings in their hand; rcidy for tJl cafl ; but not one of them was taken while they licrcl within the reach of our fight. This beiiijj the LJ where Commodoic Byron (aw the Patagonians, on ih I 18th, a party with fomc officers were fent towardlj the lliore, but with orders not to land, as the fliips „rJ too far oil" to aflifl them in cafe of neccfTity, Whc I they came near the land, many of the natives flockcjl to fee them, among whom were women and childrtn I and fomc of the very men we had fcen in the nv rnmd of the preceding day. Thefe waded towards the bou, frequently calling out, " Engl ifhmcn come on (hore'' and were with difficulty rcfirained from getting into the I boat, when they found our people would not land Some bread, tobacco, and toys were , had for a confiderable time not.feven frhonis : the Sw.iilow whicli was two or three miles to p( i,)>i:!\w,ird h.id lieep water, for fhe kept near St. G(, rise's llliiid. We think it is {n(\:ii to run down from t'lf niirtli-i-n.l of Elizabeth's Idand, about two or three j;jis from thf lliorc, and fo on all the way to Port Fminr. At noon, bein^ three miles from the north- jjoR, wcfoiinl Iiyobrcrvatlonourlititude to be 5 J deg, 1; min- U'urii, longitude 71 deg. 20 min. weft, from ljn.i)i. Abo'ir f.)ur o'clock, we anchored in Port Fi'nir.f B.IV, and with all the boats out, towed in the 5»illow .liid Sro!-e-lhip. On the jyth, the fitk were intoii lliore, win re .1 tent was eiefted for their recep- w, 3i w.'.j aiiotlicr for the accomotlation of the til-makers, and thole who landed to get Wdod. Tliis i.v, tiic ttoatlier being fijually, we warped the (liip fur- tjfrinti.' :,ie harbour, and moored her witli a cable each way In nine f.ithonis. C.ipe St. Anne now bore N. !•'.. b; 1'.. li'.li.mt one mile, and Sodger River S. half VV. Oi.Siind.iy t'-.e zSdi, all the fails were unbent and lent (n l!-.':rf to 1 e rtp.iired ; ti.e empty cafks were alio iir.i;c>*, v.ith the coopers to trim them, and ten men to*alh aril fill tlum. We alio liauled the feine, and ciugbtpkntv of tiihrrf nibling mulletts, but the flelh wiivtry llifti and among others were fnielts, fome of which weighed a pound and a half, and were 20 inchesi l,rf. Indeed all the time of our ftay at this place, we cj'.iiht tilli enough to furnlfii one meal a day both for tfx li-k and the healthy : we gathered alio great plenty ofrrldV, and jx'a-tops, which were boiled with the pcalcaul port.'.ble foup: befides thefe we found fruit i;'.jt rrfenil'hs cranberries, antl the leaves of a flirub fcnewhat lilce nur tliorn, w'.ich were remarkably f(;ur. Wiicn wr arrived liere, many of our people had the fiuivy (o a great dr-^rre , but by the plentiful ufe of vtgr'ablfs, rid barliing in the lea, within a fortnigl.t there w.is not a liorlnitic [>erl'on in either of the Ihips. Thtrir recovery alio was greatly jiromoted by the la.iil sir, and by being olil':j;ed to walh their apparel, and keep ilicir (xri'ons ci. ;ii. All huiiswere now einpioyeii in rr| iirin;; the Ihip and making her ready for the lea. Totlii. end tiie forpe w.is fet upon Ihore j and in the t\Kin time a confiderable quantity of wood was cut, and put on board the flore-lliip; and thoufands of young irtrs were carefully taken up with the mould about thrm, to be carried to Falkland's Iflands, which pro- duce no timber. 'I'he Prince Frederick received orders to deliver thefe to the commanding officer at Port I'gmont, and to fail to that place with the firft fair wind. A I) -(7 On Wednefday the 14th of January, the ' '■ mafter of the cutter, which was viftuallcd lor a week, wss Cent to look out for anchoring places on tlic north (liore of the lUait ; and this dr;' we gey all ntir people and tents on board, having taken in 75 tons of water, and 1 2 months of provifions for ourfelves, and ten months for the Swallow, from on board the Itorc-fliip. On the 17th, the matter of our cutter re- turned with an account, that he had found anchoring pLiees ; and this day the Prince Frederick failed for lalklaiid's Iflands. The mafter reported, that between where we lay and Cape Foiward, he had been on (hore at four places, where was good anchorage, and plenty •I*" wikhI and water clofc to the beach ; with abundance of cranberries and wild celery: that he had alfo fecn a great mimber of currant hufties full of fruit, and a No. J I. variety of beautiful flirubs in full bloflbm, befides great plenty of winter's bark, a grateful fpicc, which we have already particularly defcribed. On Sunday the i8th, at five o'clock, A. M. we failed ; and at noon, obferve J in latitude 54 deg. _•] min. fouth; here we found the ftrait to be two leagues. On the 19th, we came to an anchor, half a mile from the fliore, near Cape Holland, oppofite a current of frefh water, that falls rapidly from the mountains. Cape Holland bore W. S. W. half W. diftant two miles -, Cape Forward eaftj and by obfervation our latitude was 53 cleg. 38 min. fouth. As a more convenient anchoring place, and better adapted for procuring wood and water, had been difcovered, we made fail on the aind, and at nine in the evening, being about two miles didant from the Ihore, Cape Gallant bore W half N. diftant two leagues; Cape Holland E. by N. fix leaj;ues; and Ru- pert's Ifland W. S. W. At this place the ftrait is not more than five miles over. On Friday the 23rd, we came to an anchor in a bay near Cape Gallant, in 10 fathoms water, a muddy bot- I'om. The boats being lent out to found found good anchorage every where, except within two cables length S. W. of the fliip, where it was coral, and deepened to 16 fathoms. In this fituation the caft point of Cape Gallant bore S. W. by W. one fourth W. the extreme point of the eaftermoft land E. by S. a point making the mouth of a river N. by W. and the white patch on Charles's Ifland S. W. We now examined the bay and a large lagoon. The laft was the inoft commodious harbour we had yet feen, having five fathom at the entrance, and four to five in the middle. It is capable of receiving a great number of veffels, had three large freih w.i;er rivers, and plenty of wood and celery. We hatl here ,1 liiiK- Ipoikd, by being entangled with the wood th.it lies funk at the mouth of the rivers; but thoiu;li v.e cau^^ht not much lilh, we had wild ducks in I'uch numbers as to aft'ord us a very feafonable re- lief Ne.ir this place are very high mountains, one of which W.IS climbed by the mafter of our cutter, with the hope of getting a viewof the South Sea; but, being difappoiiittd in this expeiftation, he creCbed a pyramid, and having written the ftiip's name, and the date of the year, he I -ft the fame, with a Ihilling, within the ftruc- ture. On tlic 24th, in the morning, we examined Cordes Bay, which we found luuch inferior to that in which the fliips lay, the entrance being rocky, and the groiinil within it foul. It had, it is true, a more fpacious lagoon, but the mouth of it was very n:'.riow, and barred by a flioal, whereon was not fuf- ficirnt depth of water for a Ihip of burden to float. Here we law an animal that refcmbled anafs; as fwifc as a deer, anil had a cloven hoof 'i'his was the firft animal we had feen in this ftrait, except at the entrance, where wc toiind the guanicix;s, antl two docs. The ; circumjacent ccnintry has a dreary and fordidding I afpert. The mountains on both fides arc of a ftupend- j ous height; whofc lower parts are covered with trees, I above which a fpace is occupied by weathered fhrubsj higher up are fragments of broken rocks and heaps of fnow ; and the tops are totally rude, naked, and defolate. To fee their fummits towering above the clouds in vaft crags, that are piled upon each other, affords to a fpec- tator the idea, that they are the ruins of nature, devoted to cverlafting (lerility anil defolation. This day we. founded about the Royal Iflands, but found no bottom ; wherever we came ro an opening, wc found a rapid tide fet through ; and they cannot be approached by (hip- f)ing without the molt imminent daii;.;er. And here, or the information of future navigators, we (hould ob fervc, that in a run through this part of the ftrait, they fliould keep the north Ihore dole on board all the way, and not venture more than a mile from it till the Royal Iflands are pafled. Through the whole day the cur- rent lets eafterly, and the indraught Ihould by all means be avoided. On Tuefday the 27th, wc weighed with ; ' cxpedH tion, and departed from Cape Ciallant Road, which lies in J3 deg. 50 min. fouth latitude. At noon on the 2bth, the wcft-poiiit bore W. N. W, half a mile dil- .! T unt i!l . t ■< •'I- n if »'i ffl! ''!■ li 4 ■ I iH' ■ ■ 'iJtrl iKi'; ,T i;' M liiS. MMLi 258 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. tant. At two o'clork, the weft point bore cift, diftant three leagues, and York Point VV. N. W. diftant five leagues. At five, we opened Vork Road, the point brarin;::; N. W. diftant half a niilc; at which time the Dolphin was taken a- back, .and a ftrong current with a heavy fqiiall drove us lb far to leeward, that it was with great difficulty we got into l^lizabcth's Biy, and an- chored in li fathoms water, near a river. The Swallow being at anchor off the tyr.nt of the bay, and vrry near the rock, Captain V» allis ordered out all the boats with anchors and h.ijiers to her afliftance, and ftic was hap- pily warped to winJward into gmxl anchorage. At this time York Point bore W. by N. A ftioal with weeds upon it, at the diftance of cable's length, W. N. W. Point Paffige S. K. half K. diftant half a mile j a rock near Rupert's Ille S. half K. and a rivulet on the bay N. E. by K. diitant abiiui three cables length. Having this day at fun-fct feen a great finoke on the fouthtin lliore, and on Prin'-e Riip':rt's Iftand, early in the morning of the :9th, the Ix.atj were fent on fhore for water. Our people had no fooner landed, than fcveral of the mtives came off to tiieni in tiiree canoes ; and havipf^ a ivanced towards tlie Tailors, made figns of fritndiliip, uhicii being anlwcri^l to their fatisfadion, they hallooed, and our men ftioutcd in return. When the In.ii.ins drew near they were eat'ng the flefti of fcals raw, .ind wi-re covered witli the fkins, which ftank intojt riibiv. Tiiey iiad bowr,, arrows, and javelins, the two laft of whi'.'ii wtre poin'cd wit'i ilint. Thefe 'peo- ple were of a niid.Hlng ft.'.tiire, the t.iiieft of thtm not exceeiiing tive feet Hx in.hes. Their con'!p!e::ion was of a deep ropptr cohiur. Three of them being ad- mirred on bo..rd the DoliJhin, they d-.-voined whatever fooil was offt red them ; but lil.e tlie l\;tag. iituations un fafe. This day Capt. Wallis went up Bachelor's Rivc, and found a bar at the mouth of it, which, .it ccrtjul times of the tide muft be dangerous. Wc h;iulcd tl,. feine, but the weeds and ftumps of trees prevented o'r catching any tifh. When afhorc wc lav/ many wiawjirj, and fcveral dogs, which animals ran away tlie nioiticnt they were noticed. We gathered mulclcs, linipi-tj fea-eggs, celery, and nettles in aburi.la.ice. Wc ;|;g faw fomc oftriches, but they were beyond tlie reach cf our pieces. Three miles up the rivrr, on ti.c wert-fij,. between two ;nountains oi a ftupeniicjus height, cncii' wliich has received the name of Mount iVlit'crv, bj catarat^, which has a very ftriking appearan..c. itij precipitateii down an elevation of alj;;vc .5.00 yjnls; hif I way over a very fteep declivity, and the other hilf i>j perpendicular fall: the ('ound of wiiich Ts nut lcfsa*,al than the fight. On Saturday the 14th, at ten o'c',,,;'^ A. M. we weijjiied, foon alcer tiiC current let the Ihip towards Bachelor's River: we put her in llavs, a;d while Ihc was coming about, whicli fhc was Ibnic tur.c in doing, wc drove over i llioal, v.herc wc had li;tic more than fixteen feet water \\\:h rocky grnunJ. Oa d.Tnger was gre.'.t, tor tlie Dolphin drew 10 fee: niie inches afr, and 1 5 feirt one lr,d\ forward ; but when the ftiip g.ithcred way, we fortunately deepened into ihrcc fathoms; and in a very Ihort time, wc got intodico water. We continued plying to windward till fm'r o'clock, P.M. when, peneiving wc ii;id loft grotiiJ, we returned to our lail ftation, and again came to an anchor in York Road. On Tuefday the 17th, at fi>'e o'clock, A. M. vtk' fail, but notv.ithftanding we had a line breeze at wt;l, the ftiip was carried by a current with great violence towr.rds t!ie fouth ftiore ; the boats were all towirg a-head, the fails unfilled, yet we dr<;vt fo dofc to i^,c rocks, that we were feldom farther than a ftiip's kivth from rh, m, .md tiic oars of the brats were Ircqii.miy ent.inglcd i.i the weeds. In th;s manner we were hu,-- ried along for near .in hiur, in moir.cntaiy exprCiai:ar. of being dalhed to piece-. .\il our efforts Uipj in- effertujl, wc refii-ncd ourlVlves to our fate, and waiieJ the event in a ftate w \ to keep the Ihip fteady, and as the cables (iiJ nu; part, we were again wontlcifullv prefcrved, which, con fidering the n.irrownefs of the Itrait, and the I'millmli j of the bay in uhi'. h we were ftatio^'d, luiglit ""'H judgiii'^ct ,ia.-UlkA.-s it is hi 'Kly pml) dilr-, tiiat every foul wuld iinncdi.irelr have pt^riihcd. By eight o'clock jj, the cvmns ;i!'- I)cramc more nioder.ite, and gr.iJu. a\W Jcirta'i- 1 during the night. On the 2 id, liid t'n- t'lvisfaft'on to tind that h;r cable was Ibund, bu: our h.-'.idVrs wtrc much rubbed by the rocks. As tne Sw dlv.v, t!if II )rm iial little afFecled her; but t*o tlays bcfotv.- Ill" ha i very near been loft by the ra- ' ijty (if the ndf, in puiliing thnu.Q;h the iflands. An mate in her rudder, nevcrthclcfs S. K. Winds, •llowinr; days ji- ration ha I wen t\.^ lUe"*.! aa 1 worked lo dl, that it was apprehended lii,' c'lill no: I'l'i iy be brought to an anchor again, [ler cnvmiidir was of opinion, tliat Ihc could bo of vc-\' !i'tl<* frrvi'-i- to the • xpedition, and therefore rc- (,,.->f.' 'if Ca!)t lin Wdlis to dirtft what he thought [IciUl r the fcrvi c. The- ciptain returned for anfwer, " Th'.t as the I.)rds of the Admiralty had appointed lifr t> jcco!iipany the D>lphin, fhe muft continue to do it as Ion : as it wa-. po"lble ; that as her condition ren- dertd hrr a bad faikr, he would wait h-r tiine, and at- tfnd her m')tionsi and that if any difaftrr fliould happen (ofiihT'if us,thc other ihould be ready to afford fuch alTilbner as niijlit b~ \'.\ herp'nvcr." In this bay we rrMiain-J ti^ht day;, taking in wood and water, nn.\ r.-piirin'^ the little damage wt h id fiirain'.-d in the lite llDrm. 'Wecaii.;ht fihof variius kinds, among wlneli w,-rc murdcs near fix inehes long j ilfo a fine tir:ii red )i;n, ni.t u dike a gur.ir:, moil of which were Irom I'lir to 'ive iv.i'mds weight, Tiie mountains in this nei'hbrjriioii hive \ mit ruggfd an J defolate ;ip- ii'.i ranee -, i' it 'h"ir 'i-'..''nt c lul f not be afcertaiiitxl, ii.iraeals b.i ig 1 'i in tiie clouds j an I Ibme of them, 0:1 the lu.iflim \hort, were I j naked, as not to have f vi'i thr:n a fngle bla.le of grafs. Our maltcr having Kca fit out 111 frarch "f anchorage, landed upon a hrjv idaad on the nordi -f.de of Snow Sound, and being alnij'l periilied with cold, th< '■'■l\ thing he did was to irake :i lariy tire withf>me trfv: vhich he found u[)jn tilt- 1:' K. 1 le th'-n climb ■ I one of tae rocky mountains. »i'i Mr. Pii ke.fgiil a inidlhipman, and one of the j ftiaicii, in order to take a view of the flrait, and tlie ci'''^il region-, that furroun 1 it. He obierved tnc "trinre or the f )u:> I Ut be tu!l as broad as lVv( ral p vrti : c'lt fiTiit, and ti grow but vrrv little mrnmer on I Kr-a i!el Fuego fide. The coiiii on the Couth, he ki, WAS more dreary and ho.Tid lan any he had yet j '•-n: the mountains hid their he.i's in the clouds j | wV:lc the vaileys were equally barren, being intirrlv ! ci'vfrrd with flow, except where it had been wallied ii«.iy, or eonvertcd into ice ; and even tl-.i fc bald patches vicre a.% ileftitiite of verdure as tlie rocks between which tluy lay. Sim.iay the iflof March, at four o'clock, A. M. our oniiuiiinn, the Swallow, was feen under fail, on the nirtii Ihore of Cape Quod. At feven we let fail, and ItuoJ o'j: of Butler's Bay ; and at noon fent the boats to feck for anchorage on the north fhoie. Cape N'mchnow bore W. by N. ha,*'N. diilant four leagues, and Cape (juod !•'.. half N. diilant thne leagues. At three o'clock, P. M. wc anchored i 1 aii . I' bay, which wc nimed Lion's Cove, on account ot a tlcep r>ck) mountain, the top whereof relembl s the !uadof a lion. On the ind, we made fail .again, a 'd at t;vc in tin' evening came to anchor in Good Luck ii.iv, in 28 iathoms water. A rocky ifland, at the wcllern extre- mity of the bay, bore N. W. by W. about a cable's li'ii^tli and a half from the Dtjphi.i -, and a low point which forms the eallcrn extremity of the bay, bore !'. S. K. diilant one mile. In the interval between tliiiptyint and the fliip arc many flioals ; and two rocks It tlic bottom of the hay, the largeft of which bore X. K. by N. the fmallell N. by K. l-rom tiiefe rocks, llioals run out to the .S, E. which may be known by the weeds that are upon them. Cape Notch bore from us \V. by S. half W. diilant one league. In the interme- diate fpace is a large lagoon, but, the wind blowing hard all the time of our laying here, we could not found it. Having moored, wc fent two boats to afTill die Swallow, by which ftic was towed intoalmnll uy, where, as the wind was foutherly, and blew frelli , ihe was 1.1 jftcat danger, for tl.e cove was cxpofed to and was full of rocks. On the f )ur f. we encountered fuch terrible weathtr, that we had no other profpeft before us than that of immediate de llruftion: and our feamen were (i> jirepolTed with the notion, that the Swallow could not r dc out the florm, that they even imagined th'-y faw fome of her hands coming over the rocks toward.s them. The (lorm at length fubfidetl, ami the gale became more moderate on Saturday the 7th; we therefore at four o'clock, A. M. fent a boat to enquire after the Swallow, who in the afternoon returned with the welcome news that the fhip was fafc i but tlic fatigue of the [leopi^ had been in- credible, the whole crew having been upon the deck near three days and tliree nigiits. I'he gulls returned at midnight, though not with equal violence, but at- tended with hail, llect, and fnow. 0;i the 8th, Cajnain Wallis onlercd u[), the weather being extremely cold, and their crtwsiiever/iry, 11 bales of the thick woollen fluff, called fear-noughr, and employed all the taylors to nuke them into jackets, of which every man in the Dolphin had one. Seven bale-, of the \'j.jvr. cloth were alio fent on board the Swallow, whicli made every man on board a jacket of tiie luiiie kiiid. Three bales of finer cloth were cut up for the ofSeers of both Ihips, which were very acceptable. On Sunday the 15th, feeing the Swallow under fail, we fent off our launcli, wliereb. fhe w,is rowed into a very good harbour on the foiith Ihori-, opii()fite to \/herewe lay. The favourable arc )nnt wi- rreciviil of this larbour determined us to ■k part from ( ijoxl Ln'k Bay, and we thought ourfelvcs i..!;>j;y wlieu v.e got ■ ife out of it. When abreaft of tht place wiiere tlie Su I'dow lay at am hor, v.e llred feveral guns, as lif^nds for lier boats to affiil us, anil in a Ihort time the mailer c.ime on board, and piloted us to a very cuiumodious fhition, where we call anchor in zi Iathoms, b ittoni muddy. T.his bay, which we called Swallow Harbour, ir, lliclttred from all winds, and e.^.cellent in every rcfjjcrt. There are two narrow channels into it, bi.t ndther of thesu d.ingerous. On Monday the 1 6th, at nine o'clock, A. M. wc weighed, and took the Swallow in tow. .-Vt five, P. M. '' i'lg little will!, we cafl l.cr 'If. At nine we had I ' Ih Ji'.les, ar..; • m:dniglit Cape I'pright bore S. S.W. j ii.. ■' W, On ti,. i7:h, by theadv c of Captain Car- I tcf , we bore away for Upright Bay. itid lie, being ac- ( nuainied witii the place, r ic Swallo was onlered to j Icail. At eleven o'clock Wc opened a laige lagoon, and ' by means of a current, whicli fet (Irongly into it, the S wallow was driven aii.ong the breakers clofc upon the .ec-fhore: l1ie made fignals ot ilillrefs, and notwith- ftaiiditig the wcatiier was luzy, ;nd the furf ran high, 01. ' bolts to k her in tow, but heir utmoll efforts to fav- her woul.i have been in viui, had not .1 breeze from t.'ie fliorc hippily relieved, her. At 1. >■!': '"ill; '■mi 111 . .;! li-i • • ;i vs. ttrP ^1 i;>i III' '^k4h > \' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■ 30 2.0 ^ 1.25 ||U III 1.6 ^ • 6" ► V] '^ ;? / Photographic Sciences Corporation 3 4 WIST MAIM STRUT WMSTER.N.Y. 14SI0 '4^ .^^^,<^ ^ <5 a6o VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete f Vi boats to found quite crofs the (Irait, and this day we moored the (hip in 78 fathoms, with the ftream anchor. On 'he 19th, two canoes, having in them feveral In- diana, came along-fide the Dolphin. They were equally miferable and abjeft, with thofe we had before feen. A feamen gave one of them a filh, which he had juft caught with a line, and it was then alive. The Indian feized it as a dog would a bone, and inllantly killed it by bitting it near the gills ; he then began at the head, and proceeded on to the tail, champing up the bones, and devouring both the fcales and the entrails. Thcfc people would drink no other liquor than water, but they eagerly tore in pieces, and fwallowed down !>rovifions of any kind, whether boiled, roafted, raw, alt, or frelh. Though the weather was very cold, their only covering was a feal-fkin, and even that they put off" when rowing. We obfcrvcd that they all had fore eyes, occafionecl probably by the finokc of their fires, and their filthy way of feeding and living made thtni fmcil as rank as a fox. They had with tiiem fome javelins, rudely pointed with bone, with which they ufcd to ftrike feals, fi(h, and penguins. Their canoes were ibout 15 feet in length, three broad, and nearly the fame meafurement in depth. They were CQn(lru(ftcd with the bark of trees t.icked together, either, with the finews of fome bead, or thongs tut out of a hide. A kind of ru(h was laid into the fcams, and the out-fiJc was fmearcd with rc-fln or gum, wliich prevented the water from foaking into the bark. To tlie bottom and fides Were fewed tranfvfrfdy 15 flc-nii-r br.inches, bent into an arch; and fome ftrait pieces were placed trofs the top, from gunwale to gunwale, fccurcly lallied at each end; but upon the whole the workmanfhip was very rough, nor had thcfc people any thing among tJiem, wherein there was the lead appearance of ingenuity. The Captain prefented tiiem a hatchet or two, fome beads, and a few other baubles, with which they de- parted, fecmingly well fatisfied, to tiie fouthward. During our (lay here, wc fcnt our boats as ufual in fearch of anchoring places. .Several fmall coves were difcovcred, but moft of them dangerous. Twenty-two of the failors belonging to one of tiie boats, (laying one night on an ifland, about jo Indians landed, ran im- mediately to the boat, and began ,.>niake ofl^ with every thing they could carry away; the failors difcovcred what they were doing, and had jurt time to prevent thiir depredations. When nppoJcd, they went to tlicir ca- noes, and armed tiiemfrlves with long poles an, I pointed javelins. They ftooil in a threatening attitmle, and our people on the defenfive; but the latter parting with a few trifles to them, they became friends, and [nace and harmony were again reftored. l'"rom this time; to the joth, we had hard gales, and heavy iVas, accompanied with hail, lightning, and rain. NevcithrL-l's, the men were lent frequentlyafliore forexercifr, which contributed not a little to their health, and by them wc harl almofl a condant fupply of mufclea and vegetr.bles. On Monday the 30th, we improved tiie (ird interval of moderate weather, in drying the fails, and airing the fpare ones, which lad we found much injured by the rats. We alfo repaired the fire-place of the Swallow .n the fame m.tnncr as we had done our own, and fet up a back with lime made of burnt (litlls. This day wc law feveral canoes full of Indians, on the cad-fide of the bay, and the next morning feveral came on board, and })roved to be the fame people which the boat's crew Kid feen on (hore. On the id of April, feveral other Indians came o(f to the (hip, and brought with them feveral of the birds called race horfcs, which fome of our company pur- chafed for a few trifles. They behaved very peaceably, and the Captain prefcnted them with feveral hatchets, and difmided them with a few toys as ufual. On the 2nd, eight Indians brougiit fix of their children on board, whom the Captain gratified with bracelets and neck- laces, Thcfc people were exceedingly tender in the treatmrnt of their children i and a circumdance hap- pened which proves that they arc not Icfs delicate in other refpeifls. A boat was ordered on (hore to get woo4 and water j M which time fume of tiic Indians '' were on board, and others in theircanoesalonB.fi the (hip : the latter eyed the boat attentively j and '•on her putting ofl^, called aloud to their companions wl without fpeaking, indantly handed down the chilJr'"' and jumped into the canoes, which hurried after t?' boat, while the poor Indians cried in a moft diftrcf n tone. When our boat was near land, fome woni " were feen among the rocks, to whom the Indians call *^3 1 aloud, and they all ran away ; but the boat's crew hav' I remarked their jealous fears, l.iy on their cars, to rn^ I vince them that no injury was intended. The Imlia"" landed, drew their canoes on fiiore, and haftily foiJojl? the objeifls of their aftcftions. This day the maftfr^r the Swallow, who had been fent out to feck for anch '^ ing places, returned with an account, that he had found three on the north fliore, moft of which weie very good- one about four miles to the eadward of Cape Providenf,' another under the eaft-fide of Cape Tamar, and athi^d' about four miles to the eadward of it -, but it niuft ht obferved, that the ground under Cape Providence is rocky. Our men at this lime began to be tMubltd wit), fluxes, on which account, at the requed of our fiirgton it was ordered, that no more mufcics (which had btn found continually in abundance) (hould be brought on board. On Friday the loth, we made fail in company with the Swallow. At noon. Cape Providence bore N. N. W. diftant five miles. At four P. M. Cape Tamar bore N. W. by W. half W. dilbnt three leagues in,) by vv . nair v> . uiiiant tnrix leagues, and Cape Pillar W. diftant ten It.ngucs. Cape Lpricht bore E. S. E. half S. diftant thiee leagues. On ?he I ith, having deercil W. lialf N. all night, wc found dt fix o'clock, A.M. tlwt wc had run 38 milts bytheioj. At this time Cape Pillar bearing S. \V. dilhnt half^j mile, the Swallow was about tiirce miles aftern ot us anil being but little wind, we were obliged to croud all the fail we could, to get without the ftrait's mouth. The Captain, at eleven o'clock, would have (hortintj fail for our conlbrt, but it was not in our power, for it was abfolutely nrcelTary for us to carry fail, in order to clear the ifles of Direftion. Soon after we loft fitrit of the Swallow, and faw her not again during the remain. der of our voyage. At noon our latitude by obfcrvaiion was 52 deg. 38 min. and our longitude by computation Tf) deg. weft from London. The ifiands of Direftion now bore north 2i weft, diftant three leagues. St. Paul's Cu[)ola, and Cape Vidlory in one, north, diftant leveii leagues, and Capr Pillar eaft, diftant fix leagues. Happy did wc now think ourfelvcs in having cleared the Straits of Magellan, a dreary and inholptuble re- gion, in which we had contended with intiuiiieruble difficulties, and cfcaped moll imminent dangers in a paflligc of almoft four months, namely, from Deccmbrr the 17th, 1766, to the nth of April, 1767. Our Journalifts now proceeds to a dcfcrii tion of tht places in which the (hips anchored, during their puf- lage through the draits (70111 whence we have extra>*^!td fiich particulars, as may be of ufe to future navigators, . hirnilii real improvement to thofe of our fubfrribirj wlio belong to his majelly's nav), and afford an agree able entertainment to our various and numerous cljlTei of read( rs. ^i.) Cape Virgin Mary. This is a deep white clllf, which fomcwhat rcfcmblcs the .South ForeLind, By obferv.ntion and our reckoning it lies in latitude 51 deg. 24 min, fouth, and is 68 deg. 22 min. weft loiit'i- tutle from lyOndon. Under this cape, when thewin.lis wederly,is a good harbour, but w • faw no appearanre cither of wood or water. Ahouta mile from the (Imif, you may anchor in ten I'.tlKim water, with coarfe famiy f {round, (2.) PoireflioiiHay. The point oftliis lies in atitudc 52 deg. 23 min. fouth, and in 68 deg, 57 min. wed longitude I lere the foundings are very irregular, but the ground is throughout a fine foil mud and clay. The landing appeared to be good, but wc could fcf no figns of either wood or water. It is neceffary, in f^il ing into this bay, to give the point a good birth, thrrt being a reef that runs about a mile right nfT it. (j,) Port Famine. This is an excellent bay, cajiaouj enough for m/my (hips to moor therein with ihe uimofl fafety. Woud and water arc to be piowpied Mfith eaf« 1 gtd'c, Captain WALLISs V «efe, ducks, teal, &c. are in g: ^ndaiice. It is fiiuated in lati iouth, and 71 deg. 28 min. wed U ia nine fathom, liaving brought by Ei and the beautiful river Sedf iriven a particular dcfcription in ilodore Byror's voyage) S. half ihtinoft e).>;ti.ie fituation, though Hflund. In the year 1581, the S here, which they n.-inicd Philips colony of 400 pcrlbns. Sevent; tciv lUrved, and of the remain fctfch of the river Plata, and mo 1) 10 tidings were ever heard ctkhrated navigator Sir William tius plice in 1587, he found the o of thofe unfortunate adventurers ;iid brought hi^i to England. Fr fitt, Sir William named the bay, Cjpe Holland Bay. This lies in I min. «nd in 72 deg. 34 min. wed I (ire rivulet, and dole under th navigable fiir boats many miles j s plenty of fire wood. We caught fmA plenty of mufcles and lim] couairy produces plenty of cranbe We kiiicd fome geefe, ducks, teal, die b;nis are not numerous. Tl |iiii:;f into this bay, and in every ttoit.ing ground. (5,) Cape G ituJ!fd in 53 ''•■§;• fo mil- fouth I jtnin. wilt longitude. The landi vfty irngular ; and the bed anch iilf,wlitic we found from 6 t!> 10 jbiindance of wood, vegetables, I wttring from two rivers. In this I (iitcrcd with great fafety, there i inert a fleet ot (hips may moor in J ligoon abounds with wild fowl, m I ibout it, Wild trlery, muf.les, an li.) Eliaabcth Bay. Its latitude rail, and it.> longitude 73 dec. 2, I otnt quantities ot wood maybe p J ifeof lliips, anil they will find goo I nicr. Wt gathered a little celery I ws.but met witli neither fifti nor 1 Jdiofage is at Palfagc Point, at h I bcifing S. K. and the river N. £. I (iMrs length : in this dation, a ( I knonn by the weeds, bears W. I able'] length : the ground is coarfi Ilk entrance of tins Day arc two fm; I above water. The inod dangerc Ilk call point of the bay, but jnniidcd, by keeping at the dida jtiilt, length from the road. (7.) \h in UiKudr 53 deg. 39 min. JKcoiint, 73 deg. ta min. well Ion liDg in ail parts of this place is v Ifcund celery, cranberries mufcles, liikl luinr Hlh, but not fufiicient t Itompany with a fingle meal. Al Ithelor's River is good watering, l
  • fears, lay on their cars, to ron. jury was intended. The Indians )cs on fhore, andha(lilyfollo«cj Feftions . This day the inafta of been fcnt out to feek for anchor. ith an account, that he had found •e, mod of which weie very good; the eaftward of Cape Providence' -fide of Cape Taniar, and a third e eallward of it j but it niuft be round under Cape Providence is his time began to be troublidwitji jnt, at the requeft of our fntgton, lo more mufcies (which had bitn ibundancc) fhoulcl be brought on c loth, we made fail in company \t noon, C.ipc Providence bore iiiles. At four P. M.CapcTainar lalf W. dillant three leagues, and ant tt-n leagues. Cape Lpngbt ;. diftant thiee leagues. On t'he VV. lialf N. all night, we found, ,i lit we had run 38 miles by the log. liar bearing -S. VV. didant half'a IS about three miles afttrn ot us, rind, we were obliged to crotKl all > get without the ftralt's mouth. en o'clock, would have IhoftmtJ ! jut it was not in our power, fur it iry for us to carry fail, in order to ;tion. Soon after we loft figi.t of her not again during the remain- ,t noon our latitude by obfervation and our longitude by computation )ndon. The iflands of Oireftinn veil, diftant three leagues. St. »pe Viftory in one, north, dillant pr Pillar caft, diftant fix Iragurs. link ourfelvcs in having cicsrcd n, a dreary and inhofpaaWc re- ad contended with innumerable i;d moil imminent dan(i;ers in a months, namely, from Dcccnibrr nth of April, 1767- . proceeds to a defcription of the hips anchored, during their pif- s frmn whence we have cxtra.'^itd ly be of ufe to future navigjton, went to thofe of our fubfcribirs icfty's navy, and afford an agree our various and numerous tlalTci 4ary . This is a tleep white cliff, nblcs the South l-'orehnd. By •eckoning it lies in latitude (j d is 68dcg. 22 min. weft loiiiii- Inder this cape, when the win.l is ijour, but w- faw no appearance r. About a mile from the flmrr, i;.rl»ini water, with coarfe famly onH;\y. The point ofthis lies in n. !'omh, and in 68 deg. 57 mm. the foundings are very irregular, iighout a fme foft mud .and clay. to be gowl, but wc could fee n" r water. It is neceffary, in fail ivc the point a good birth, tlifr( about a mile right off it. (l) is an excellent bay, c«naoM to moor therein with ihe iiinwft rr r arc to he pvocyKd W^ "'« ' gcdc, I I - - ■ ■ ■ .... I I 11 WIM I I II ■I H II «|MJL » I ^ Captain WALLlS's VOYAGE— for making Difcoverits in the Soux«ern Ocean'/ &c. s6l «efe, ducks, teal, &c. arc in grr^.t plenty, and fifli in Sundance. It is fituated in latitude 53 deg 42 min. (uth an^i 7"'^8* 28 min. weft longitude. Wc moored t nine fathom, having brought Cape St. Anne N. E. bv El awJ ''*'' beautiful river Sedgcr, (of which we have iven a particular defcription in the hiftory of Com- ^QfjByrir's voyage) S. halfW. which perhaps is the moft el.^',l^';«: fituation, though the whole bay is good nound. 'n'the year 1581, the Spaniards built a town Ufj whitli they named Philipville, and left in it a colony of 400 perlbns. Seventy-fix of this number ftit ftarvcd, and of the remainder, 23 proceeded in fetfcb of the river Plata, and mofl. probably pcriflied, u ,0 tidings were ever heard of them. When our cekhrated navigator Sir William Cavcndilh arrived at ikK pUce in is87« he found the only one that remained oftiiofe unfortunate adventurers, named Hernando^ andbrought hi»i to England. Froiji their melancholy iat. Sir W'lliam nattied the bay, Port Famine. (4.) Cipe Holland Bay. This lies in latitude 53 deg. 57 nii^ and in 72 deg. 34min. weft longitude. Here is J lint rivulet, and cloiiit under the cipe a large river, uavigiblc f'T boats many miles 1 and the fhore affords pientyof fire wood. We caught very little fifti, but fluid plenty (>( niufclcs and liinpets. The adjacent cwairy produces plenty of cranberries and wild celery. Wekilicd fome gccfe, ducks, teal, and race-horfes, yet i the binis are not nuincrous. There is no danger in I liiii;;^ into this bay, and in every part thereof is good I ttcicimg grjuntl. (5.) Cajie Gallant Bay. Tliis is I jinuied in 53 deg. 50 min. fouth latitude, and 73 deg. «in.n. wilt longitude. The landing is ^d ; the tide vtty irregular j and the beft anchoring is on the caft- 1 Jilt whtrc we found from 6 to 10 fathoms. Here are j ibundincc of wood, vegetables, and fifti, with good nttring from two rivers. In this bay, which may Ix* Btercd with great fafety, there is a fpacious lagoon, tjierc a fleet ot (hips may moor in perfert fecurirjr. The bnon abounds with wild fowl, and we found in, and ibout it. Wild LTlery, muf.les, and limpets in plenty. (4.) Eliaabeth Bay. Its latitude is 53 deg. 43 min. m, iiid it.< longitude 73 deg. 24 min. weft. SufR- dtnt quantities of wood may be procured here for the ifeof Ihipj, and they will find go»xl watcri4igat a fmall nvtr. Wc gathered a little ceU ry and a few cranber- ncs.but met with neither fift» nor fowl. The beft an- thoragc is at Paffagc Point, at half a mde diftancc, I bwing S. E. and the river N. E. by E. diftant tnrec I {H^i length : in this Ration, a Ihoal, which may be kM*n by the weeds, bears W. N. W. diftant one nbic's length : the ground is coarfe fand and (hells. At I lie entrance of thisoay arc two fmall reefs, that appear libove water. The innfl dangerous of the two is at lliic call point of the bay, but this may eafily be liniidcd, by keeping at the diftancc of about two Iniiit. length from the road. (7.) York Koad. This Iks in lituiide 53 deg. 39 mm. fouth, and, by our liccount, 73 deg. 5 a min. weft longitude. The land- lini; in all parts of this place is very gcxxl ; and we I (cond celery, cranberries mufcies, limpets, wild fowl, Ind foiiir tilh, but not fufiicieni to fupply our ftiipi Inmpany with a fingle meal. About a mile up Ba- IclKlor's River is good watering, and plenty of wood 111! roimd the bay. From the Weflern Point a ntf Ituiuoff ah6ut a cable's length, which, when known, Inycifily be avoided. To anchor with fafety in this Ibty, bring York Point £. S. E. Bachelor's River N. by W. half W. The reef N. W. half W. and St. Jsrom's Sound W. N. W. at the diftance of half a mile from the fhore. The current here fVctjuently fets in three dif?ereht dfreftiohs j the water rifes ari^ falls about eight feet ; but the tide is iircgular. jJ-8.) Butler's .Bay. This is fituateu in latitude 53 deg. 37 min, fouth, and in 74 deg. 9 min. >*cft longitude; It is not only fmall, blit entirely encircled with rocks, on which account wie wotiltL cautioiijTvery.TnajrigBtor againft addioring at this place, if he can poffibly avoid it. Here are Ibme rock nfh, and a few wild fowl, but celery and cranberries arc Ivcry fcarcc (9.).Lion'j Cove. The fame may; bo faid of this as wc have ob- ferved of the preceding biy ; but though the water up a fmall i ,eek is good, here is 110 waiod. The Ix^ titude is 53 deg. 26 min. fouth; lont;i;ude, by our account, 74 deg. 25 min. weft, (id.) Good Luck Bay. This is fituated in latitude 53 tieg. 23 min. and in 74 ifcg. 33 min. weft longitude. Like feveral others, it is fmall, and the rocks with which it is fur- rounded, render it very difficult of accefs. We pro- cured here a lufficicnt quantity of frefli water, but very little wood. Not any kinds of refrcfhinents .^re to be expected at this place ; indeed wc caught only.' a few I'ock fifh with hook and line. The ground i& very co.irfe, and the cible of our beft 'i>ovrer anchor was lo much rubbed, that wc were obliged to condemn it, and bend a new one. Circumftances may arife under which it may be thought gocxl luck to get into this bay, but wc thought it very good lui k when wc got out of it. (11.) Swallow Bay. This lies in latitude S3 deg. 29 mill, fouth, and in 74 deg. 35 min. wtft longitude. The cn:raDce \i narrow and rocky, but when once entered, it is very fafe, being ftieltcrecl from all winds. The rocks, by keeping a good look- out, may be cafily avoided. As to the mountains that furround it they have a moft horrid appearance, and feem to be dtferted by every thing that. has life j and we found no fupply of provilions, except a few rock filh andmtifclcs. The landing is very gcx)d, and the tide rifes and fails between four and five feet. (12.) Upright Bay. This is in latitude $3 deg. 8 miti. fouth, tongitule 75 deg. 3 J man. weft. The entrance is very fafe, and the water excellent. A fufficiency of wockI may tac; procured for ftock, but provifions are rather fcarcc. The landing is not good, the tide very irregular 1 and the water riles aitd falls above five feet. Befidcs thefe II bays,, there tire three others, a little beyond Cape Shut-up, which wc named River Bay, Lcxtging Bay,, and Wallis's Bay, the lall of which ia the beft. Alio between Elizabeth Bay and York Road lies Mufcle Bay, wherein i» exceeding good anchorage wit!) a wefterly wind. I'hc ground of Chance Bay is very rocky, and therefore tobe avoidi-d. Not far from Cape (^od, to the eaftward^ lias liland Bay, which ia by no means aneligibkr fituation for fiiipping. There is likcwifc a bay with good anchorage, oppofite to York Rood « alid another to the eaftward of Cape Crofs tide, but. this latter one will hold only a fingle (hip. Between Cape Crofs and St. David's Head lies St. David's Sound, on the Ibuth-fidc of which we found a bank o4' coarfe fand and (hells, with a depth of water from 19 to 30 fatltom, where a (hip might anchor in cafe of neceffity ; and the maftcr of the Swal- low found a vrry good liiuU bay a little to the eaftward of St. David's Head. I ■' U.J t "i;i 1 1' CHAP. ■ f. y 4' .'i;. ■' .0 .. A- :i,T? 1 il II. . iJ .1 1 '.■■'AT. in'. u ' DMn frttteis m ktr vtytp frtm thtftrtit It iht wt/ktarj. Stvtrat JjUnJs iif(*vtrii in tht Scutb Sea, tiamtfy -Ifhil/kH IjUtid—StiHH CbarletU't — Egmeiit — Clouitfttr—Cumhtrlmtd- Prinit ff^fUiam HtHry's—O/naiurgli—' Kill Gmii lb* fbirftt taUtd by the mHivts Oubtitt, with * f articular, full, md ttrnplelt dtf&iftim tf Ihe/t iJtanJt -fit cttflmn, ttumurs, dft. tf tbt initivtt—7be /h'trai incidmts tvbub h»f>ftntd en hitrd th* /tip and ajhert-^ ftrticuUrly, avtty drfUHiftaulial «((tnnt (if ibt inbabitants of Oiabtilt—thtir uiu, trade, domf/itt life, and (hmanir. No. 31. J U ^ !i 1; 't^ilifiiil '■^^^^1; }'il!i^^^^'^=^ 1: ■1m; .-.^^U 2^2 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. An expedition to tSfcover the inland part of the country—And a variety of incidmts and iranfaiiioni, till ■wemr ifiand to tontinue our voyage. ■"'■ '• . .;■!■■■ Mi,:\ ' ^ "''lhore, which at prefent is wholly un- known.. As Mc continued our courfe a number of Hicerwaters, pintadocs, gnrenetf, and other birds, flew about the fbip ; the upper works of which being open, and the dobths and bedding co-itinually wet, the faiiurs, in a few riays were attacked with fevers i and having a continuation of llrong gales, hazy weather, and heavy Teas, we were frequently brought under our courfcs. On Wcdnefday the 2and, we obfetved in latitude 42 deg. i4 min. fouth, and in 95. 46 min. weft longiuidc j and on Monday the 27th at noun, we found ourlatitude to be 36 deg. 54 inin. fouth, and our longitude, by ac- count, 100 deg. weft frpm London. This day being fair, and tlie weather motlcraic, the fick were brought on deck, to whom were given fal>ip, and portable foup, in which wheat had been boiled. Ih; violent gales re- turned, fo tJiatthe beds were again wet through, and it was feared that the ftiip would lofe her niafts i wc there- fore began to think of altering our couric, in hope of better weather ; and the rather, as the number of our fick encrealcd fo (Ai\, that there was dangrr of foon wanting hands to navigate the ve/ftl. On Monday the 4th of May, bv obrcrvation, wc founil ourfelvcs in l.iti- tuiic 23 deg. 20 min. fouth ; and in 96 deg. 21 min. weft longitude. On tlie 8th, we law fcvcral ^hcer- watcrs an«l fc»-fwallows ; and on Tuefday the 1 2th, we obferved the fame kinds of birds, and lome porpoifes about the t wc drew near to land. On (Ik 4th a turtle fwaiit clofe by the Ihip, ami- the next iday a great, va ' • birds were fcen. On Saturday the 6th, thr Jonp '^*jj'' "' for land became vifible from the ruaft-head ^.j*^^"'- crying out, "Land in die north-waft." -ji, '."''' courfe of the day proved to be a low ifland,diftan V fix leagues. W hen within five miles of this id ' j difcovcred a fecond to the W. N. W. The fii" .'■ *' ten.int being at this time very ill, Mr. FurneauK',], fecond lieutenant was fent with two boats to \u '^" ifland, the crews of each being well provided wifk ^'^ the ifland, two c«i« l?^' When the boats came near c«not}, oblcrved to put off to the adjacent one ; and no inS k^ tants were feen to remain where oar party b jj Here fever.il cocoa-nuts, and a large quantity of f grafs were obtained, which proved a valuable acouif"'''* to the Cck, and a gfatcful refrelhment to thofe mht^ They returned in the evening lo the fliip, brinffin^lAi: them fome flfti-hooks, which the iflanilers had fo !j of oyfttr-ftiells. In this cxcurfioiv they difcovertd th huts, fupported ea porta, and open all rouhH T* thatclicd with cocoa-nut and palm leaves. As ' chorage coulil be found, and the whole i(*land »« '"' coijipafltd with rocks and breakers, Cdpruin U'ti ""^ folvcd to ftcer for die otlxr ilUrd, giving ti,f n.l^Z Whitj'nn iOanJ to this, bccuife it was 'Hfccvc-fi Whitlimday » live. Having approarhcci th- other 'l Mr. pur.-.caux was agai.i lent o(f ^Vlt!l the bnan '1 neJ and armed. At this time abinic 50 of the ' ^" Other ■!],„.! rar.vf, ..^.c fern running about with fire-brand:, m their 1,. • Mr. Kurucaux wai inftrufted to ftcer to thatn ""'!> die Ihorc, wiiere the natives had been feen 10 a "1 giving ori'cnce. When Mr. Kurncaux drew' near uilh the boat." to the Ihore, the natives put thcmfelvcs pofture of defence with their pikes j but the licutdl making figni of amity, and expofing to view a f/ trinkett, fomc of the Indians walked into the watfr' to whom it was hinted that fome cocoa-nuts and watf ' would be acceptable, which was no fooncr underft-^' than they ventured with a fmall quantity of cacli to the boars j and icccivcti nail* ami oUier trifles in exchme? While bartering widi them, one of the Indians dole » filk handkerchief with its contents, but jhe thief couid by no means be difcovcred. On Monday the Sth, Mr, Furneaux was again dif patched with the baits, .-ind received orders froni Cij! tain Wallis to land, if he couid do it without oSmm the natives. As this party drew near to the fliorc, tlic» obferved fevcn large canoes, each with two mails h. mg ready for the Indians to embark in diem. Thcii having made figns to the crew to proceed highrr up they complied, and immediately the Indians cmbirU on board the fevcn large canoes and quitted the fpot. bring joined by two canoes at another part of the illani Thele latter the Indians fleered in a dire^ionof \V,S, W. Ihry were divided, two being brought along-fni< of each other, and fattened together, at ihediftancco about three feet afundet, by crofi beams, parting fron the larboard gunwale of one to the ftarboard gun»ai( of the other, in the mitldlc and near each end. The aopeared to be jo feet in length, four in breadth, m three in depth. The people had long black hair hana ing over their fhouklers, of a dark complexion, ol 1 middle fize, pnd were diefTed in a kind of mattm made faft round the midJ.lc. The women are bcjuti All, and the men juftly proportioned. In the aftrrnooi the fecond licutmant being again fent on fliore, tin Captain commantlcd him to take pofleflion ol tli ifland in the king's name, tnd to call it Qiccn Chat lotte's Ifland. 'rhe boats returned loaded with coioi mits and fcurvy-grafs, after having found two wells < excellent water. I'rovifions lor a week were now t lotted for a mote and io men, who were left on (hoi to fill water I the fick were landed for the benefit of tli air I and a number of hands were appointed to clin the cocoa treck and gadier the nuu, which in ou- fitni !• the nexMday a great, variety of iturdaythe6th,thHongvlrf^ from the ruaft-head, the r^ die north-w«ft." T^ij .. ^i dtobealowinand.diftant,''b;;; ithinhvemilcsof thisin,„d7 thcW. N.W. ThefiriM'*' ic very ill, Mr. Furncaux, thlT" fent with two boats to thefi!; :h being well provided ,vithar"' near the lOand, nvo canotj-' the adjacent one J and no inhahL jmain where our party u^jj ts, and a large quantity of fcu^", lich Bfoved a valuable acquifZ ful rcfreJhment tothofe inheZ , veninglothe(hip,bringinBww:i .which the iflandcrs had fC s eicurfioft they difcovereii thi« softs, and open all round but ' mtand pain, leaves. Aswan.' J, and the whole iHmd wjj ' and breakers, C^.prain Wailjs ft" 1 other idird, giving- ti.e Wire of s, beciulc It was 'Ufcovereij „„ aving approarhcii th- other ■Ain.i ii.nlcntolt vntii the bnatj, nunJ this time about 50 of the rarv- I jt with fire-brand:, in tiieir iu','J' iftrufted to ftrerto that pan oH natives had been feen, to avoid ;n Mr. I'^ r.»n,io.,i. .,.,«_ . no. • '' feflibn of the il King George tn mixed with the river water, the king's health wa$ j 1 by every perfon prefent. During^ the perforniancS this cerenlony, two old men were fccn on the odd r fide of the river, who put themfelves in a fuppilca, '" podure, and appeared to be much terrified. Ontll"^ the Kngliih made figns to thtpi to crofs the river ' of them obeying t^e fignal came over, and crawled !!! hishands and knees towards the lieutenant. wKn n. ^ him fome denes, that had been e&ute^ant whofl„«^j tl^o^w.n.atthev<:ir^|,l,J^ giving the Indian ^taiinderftand i)iat jws people woS be glad to exchange th?nn for various kinds of prcvifion Some trifles wert alfp' civen tp tfeis old man, whot, prelTed his gratitude by his gcttures, and lvdancin» round the flag-da?", but when tliey faw the pendan ftaken by the wind; they fan bjick with' figns of £ and forprifc. When they M r.ccpycred tlMmfcivM from their fright, they brought, two hogj which tht laid down, and begah .dancijig round the pendant I before. The hogs were afier^drds put intoacaooT , .. ?n"'"'«rofp|ainiiin leaves, (one at a'tifre, fomcwhat m the mamitrofZ North Americans, clyfing their periods with beJLi of wampum. ) After this he rowed back again, rtfufiM at that timt to accept of any prefents. The noifc^ drums and other indrurfients were heard this night and the next morning it wb obftrved that the pendant wu taken away, and the natives had quitted the coaft While the calks were filling wit.h wafer, the old Imiia^ already mentioned, ctoOxii the river, and brought the Englilh fome fowls and fruits. At this time the Cap. tain was ill, but thougli he was confined to the vtlltl he had remarked froin thence by the help of glaflcl what W.1S doing on (hore. In the courfe of his obfcr- vations, he perceived many of the natives crecpina behind the bufhes towards the watering -place, atthc fame time that vad numbers advanced ihiough the wnods, and a large party came down the hill in view, all tending to the fjmc quarter. Two divifions of ca- noes were befides feen making round the oppofue fidci of the bay. As the lieutenant hid fikewik obicrvcd the threatened danger, he got his people on bJiard the boats J previous to which he bad fint die old Indianip intimate to his countrymen, that the crtw wantrd no- thing but water, and to prevail on them to keep at a proper didance while it was filling ; but fo far was this from having the proper efl^c«, ihu the ifianderi made a prize of the caflts, and th.ofe at fome didance from tltt watering-place, went forward with all expedition, in order to keep pace with the canoes, which rowed along very fwiftly. A' the fame time 4 number of women arid children took their dationon a hill, which commanded a profjwft of the diipping. The canoes drawing near that part of the bay were the vcflel was at anchor, took in many from the (hore who were laden with baes filled with dones. Then they rowed towards the (hip, on which orders were given to fire on the fir(i party that approached in the canoes, which bcin^ done, the In- dians made ofi^ frightened and adunilhed. Captain Wallis being now refolved that this a^ton Ihouldputan end to all difputcs, incenfed at the behaviour of the natives, commanded hit people to fire fird into the wood, and afterwards towards the hill, whither the iflanders had retreated i when finding at what a dif- tance the guns could reach them, they difocrfed ind difappeared. After this the boats were (ent out, 1 drong |[uvd being appointed to aRcod the carpenters, •fho, « 4^^i ^«l i!' >n v .Jftlfia^- ^, i'4 -^ i*' ^! ■ ^i ^$:! fi Pi • jlilV X 'tv-, ■*^»^ r^- ■.«* '*^ ff^. v^>',< ■% • fh^ --:M '^ ' ' ■ . . , * ■ $ 1 •" *• .^"* »#■''- \ _ «#' :;'V'' Jl!«'Si* V ■ .'il. fll i . iv : . *^? 'i: ?. ,.^a ■r'= % I' f'i'l .V ■ ' I \ *' jm- Captain i .***Jl* * t^.t* %M.^M.^A.t.tjt»*Jt. • ' % •. i.1, w ■' t, ♦ .^':. ^1k ^=#J. ,ho, according Lf the native* car thf woods i ho Lftonthelhoie, B take away. ^ beach m rttu J^uldbynomea. "on Saturday tf 511iiyw.iter, the jiideolihcnvcr. u niannf r, he < h»n to the bags do«n. »>«* "'^'*.^ v«olleir-d<:fer „ ttunk his coui j ^ llcuccnant, an l,,Bthenhintei Ij of the ifl gfihe future, w laiisficd, and an iJjlilhed with tJ it lick were fent flRofthe furge Tto genilcjnan ^oppofiK fide ^, who fled £:e, one of thci icoTer, whicl ^ fame time ih jjj countenance. I to,, ud the Ml jgch 1 notion of j^ their admi 1 grtit meafure liiglifh during tl m'ht be anotnrr dr^turr, ai will Kf**'. n.)W appt bftwcn tlic Itniia quirvcUing ami y. lilt Mtivrs f«nit iitc rcilitution v iiti, theold Ind rtcovcrinf; any t\ Injuititular, an mt pilftred a h proparati'ms, as i go(xls were rcfto oftnder was alfc k had loinrnitte dijrgrd liim i ai itrnhlc apprehcr rotri, he was coi liitir fliouts of a: to bring a roul guiincr next da) (htwn him. 'I'l mt at this tir vt&l, and the < Fiirncaiix, the duty with zeal i pi,rk, were pro lliurtcen days al hn health. A \ tz:, liad been whcilier it was : hflrirned, afte fver, no other | »c li-gan to W No. 32. #■'■ 4^1 ^y ^ ^ > V ta <*• *< ■^ »* IM4 «« k — » ^ \ ^ v * ^^ ^^ =? > ;/ Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE— for making Diiboveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. a6| according to orders, deftroyed all the Indian ca- ' which could be met with. At length a fniall party The natives came to the beach, ftuck up fomc fmall hes of trees, as if for tokens, and then retreated ''"he woods i however they came again, and brought ^ hoRS »"^ ''°8* *'^'* •''*''' '^8* '■'"^' *'''<^h they rfon the (bore, together widv a. quantity of fuch doth .!,.<; wore, all which they mide figns to the Tailors ** ' / away. On this a boat was difpatched which '" (ved the hogs on board, but leli behind the ^^r articles ; hatchets and nails were alfo depofitcd on "JTbeach in return for thefe prcfenrs, but the Indians uld by no means accept tiiem till the cloth was taken '*0n Sattirday the 27th, a party being employed in Ullinj w.itcr, the old Indian was fcen on the oppofitc Slot' the river. After having delivered an oration in r^manner, he came over, when the officer referred ["m to the bags and ftones which had bttn brought Ln, and ufed his endeavours to convince him tlwt he tnglilb in the late ailion iiad afted only from mo- m« ol I'elf-defence. The old man, however, fccnied think his countrymen much aggrieved, and with rtji opennefs inumated hi.s opinion. However atlaft riiiflcred himfelf to be reconciled, Ihook hands with IlieuKnant, and accepted fomc prelcnis from him. Ii»js then hinted to hmi that it would be bcft for the ttople of the ifland to appear only in fmall parties Lihc future, with which terms the Indian appeared Ijiisliecl, and an advantagcoir. traffic was afterwards Abliflied with the natives. Matters being thus fettled, il^lick were fentdn Ihore, and were lodged, under the £at cf the furgeon, in tents near the watering place. XtegenUeman (hooting a w.ld duck, it dropped on lluoppofite fide of the river, in the prefcnce ot'fumc Lilians, who fleddircdly j but ftopping witliin a (hori fajct, one of them was at laft perfuaded to bring the IckWr, which he laid at the furfijeon's feet, but, at dx fame time the agitation o( his mind was viftblc in jjs countenance. Three due ks we 1 c kiUed by x fccond Jiot, ami the natives were by this time puflcfl'cd with jlich 1 notion of the cfFefts of tire-arms, as whilft it mkd their admiration, was fuppofed 10 contribute '\i\ igreit meafure to their good bchavmur towands the ^jrilh during their ftay in thefe parti, though there ui."hc be another re don alTujntd foi this before their driirturc as will be apparent m the fequel. Tne g\in- Kt*t> n>w apj>()inted to mannagc all aifairs of traJe brtwcenthc Indians and the failors, in order to prevent (iiHrrelling and pilfering. This was j> judicious choice ; ir,( rativrs fomctimes Hole certain trifles, but imme- dijK rcftitution was made on the fight of a gun. Bc- iii, the old Indian made himfelf very fcrviceable in irci)vcrin<; any thing that might have bcin taken away, Inpjiticiiiar, an Indian fwain one day over the river, uA pilli.red a hatchet, on which the gunner making prfparati'ms, as if he meant to go in fearch of him, the gwli were rcftored by the old man's means, and tiie oiftnder was alfo delivered up to the gunner. Though khaci toinmitti'd other robberies, yet the Captain dif- dijrgfd him ■> and all his punilhmcnt confided in his itmhlt a|.'prchenfions. Bcmg rcftored to his country- mtii, he was conduced to the woods in the midft of thtir fliouts of applaufe. This m«n had the gratitude ID bring a roalted hog and fome bread fruit to the puiintr next day, as an acknowledgment for the lenity Ihcwn him. The Captain, firft lieutenant, and purfcr, wtrr at this time very ill j fo that the charge of the itflel, and the care of the lick, were committed to Mr. fiirncaiix, the fecond lieutenant, who difchargcd his dii^ with zeal and fidelity j and fruit, fowls, and fre I) purk, were procured in fuch plenty that at the end ot fourteen days almoft every man had peneftly recovered h health. A piece of falt-pctre, of the fize of a fmall tz:, had been found on the 25th on the Ihoi-e ; but whether it was brought from tlie Ihip or not, couhl not be learned, after the moft diligent enquiry 1 but, how- ever, no other piece was found. On tlic and of July, K b-gan to want fruii and frclh meat, owing to the No. 32. •# abfencc of the old Indian, but we had ftill a fufficient fupply for the fick. On the .3rd, the Ihip's bottom was examined, when its condition was found to bd nearly the fame as when (he left England. This day ** fhark was caught, which proved an acceptable prefent* to the ntitivcs. The old Indian, who had vifired the interior parts of the ifland in queft of provifions, re- turned on the 5th, and brought with him a roaftcd hog' as a prefent for the Captain, who in return, gave him a lookiug-giafs, an iron pot, &c. His return iwas foon' followed by fome of the natives, who had rtever yet vilited the market, and who brought fom^ hogs thaC were larger than i-ny yet pUrchafcj. Arfbthtr fort of- traffic was now eiftablifhcd between the. Indian girls' and the failors. The price of a female's favours was a- nail or two ; but as the feameii could not always get ae- the nails, they drew them out of ftvcral parts of the'' (bip^ nor could the offenders be difcnyered hy the ftrictcft enquiry. The dainr.gc done to the ve/Tel might- have been cafily rep.-iired j but a worfc confcqiiente' aroli; from this traffic ; for on the gunner's offering Im.ill nails tot hogs, the Indians produced large fpikes, detnunding fucli as thofe. Some of the men made ufc' uf a particular device to gratify their paflions ; for when* they couki procure no more nails, they cut lead into the Ihape of them, and pafled thofe pieces on their unlufpcctcd parajDOUrs. Wlien the Indians difcover- ed the fraud, they demanded nails for the lead ; but - this juft. demand could not be ^.-ranted, becaufe it would havt promoted the Healing of had, and likcwife in- jured the tratJic with iron. In confequence of their connexion with the womtn, the failors became fo ini-' patient of controul, that the articles of war were read,' to awe them into obedience j and a corporal of marinea W.1S fewerely punched for ftriking the mailer at arms. The Capuin's health being nearly rcftored, he went iit his boat to furvey the ifland, which he found extremely- delightful, and every where well peopled. On Wednctday the 8th, the wood-cutters were en« tcrtamed in a friendly manner by certain Indians, who feemed to be of a rank above thole they had yet feen, and fome of thefe vifiting the Captain, he laid before them a .'thipty-fix-ftiilling piece, a guinea, a crown- piece, a dollar, fome JhiUings, fome new half-pence, and two large nails, intimauiig that they might take thiir choice, when ihey eagerly fcized the nails, and then took a few half-pence, but left all the other piecet untouched. The Indians now refuted to fupply the market, unlefs they could get large nails in exchange ; the Captain therefore ordered the (hip to be fearch^d, when it was found that almoft all the hammock -n.iils were ftolen, and great numbers drawn from difFcrenc places; on which every man was ordered hcfire the Captain, who told them, that not a man ffiould go on Ihorc till the thieves, were difcovcrcd i but no good confequence arole from his threats, at that time. Three days after, the gunner conducted to the ffiip a lady of an agreeable face, and portly mien, whofe age feemed to be upwards of forty. Ihis lady had but lately arrived in that part of the iflaml, and the gunnee obfervcd that (he feemed to have great authority, pre- fented her with fome toys j on which ftie invited him to her houfe, and gave him fomc fine hogs. She waa afterwards taken on board, at her own "defire. Her whole behaviour (hewed her to be a women of fine fenfe and fupcrior rank i the Captain prefented her with a looking-glafs and fome toys, and gave her a handfome blue mantle, which he tied round her with' ribbands. As ftic then intimated that (he flionld be glsd to fee him on Ihore, he fignified his intention of vifiting her the next day. Accordingly, on Saturday the 1 2th, Captain Wailis went on lliort, where .(he met iiiin, attended by a numerous retinue, fome of whom Ihe directed to carry the Captain, and (others who had been ill «ivtr the river, and from lu'nci' to her habi- tation, and the proccfliivn was clolid by a guard of marines and fcamen. As they advanced, a great num*?. ber oflndi'.ns crowded to (Vr them ; bur, on a (light motion of her hand, they iiudt room for the procef- $%■ Hon ^i P 'til' ' l^iivll'H '1! 1 If' <• ) ii I -k \i n I II > 1 1 ^^^-^^Jkami^mi^m i66 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. fion to pafs. When they drew near her dwelling, many Serfons of both fexes advanced to meet her, whom >e caufcd to kifs the Captain's hand, while (he Tignifted that they were related to her. Her houFe was j20 feet in length, and about forty in breadth. The roof, which was corercd with the leaves of palm-tree, was fupportcd by a row of pillars on each adc, and another in the middle. Tiie highed part of the thatch on the infide, was 30 feet from the ground, and the fpace between the fules of the building and the edge of the roof, which was about I3 feet, was left open. The Captain, lieutc- fumt, and purfer, being feated, the lady helped four of her female attendants- to pull off the gentlemens coats, fliocs, and (lockings, which was auwkardly jper- formeds the girls however fmoothtd down the (kin, and rubbed it lightly with their hands for more than half an hour. The fu^eon, being heated with walk- ing, having pulled o(f his wig, one of the Indians fcrcamcd out, and the eyes of the whole company were indantly (ixed on the wonderful fight, and they remained for fometime fixed in furprife. After this, the queen ordered fcveral bales of cloth to be brought out, which were tlie produce of the country, which were now def- tined fur the drefs of the Captain and his attendants. It was intended that the Cnpcain Ihould be carried as he had been before, but as he refufed the offer, the queen xvaikcd arm in arm with him, and lifted him like an infant over fuch wet and dirty places as they came to in their way. She gave him a low big with young, and took her leave when (he attended him to tiie Beach. The gunner being difpatched to w.iit on her the next «lay witit a prcfcnt of bill-hooks, hatchets, &c. found ^er biified in entertaining fome hundreds of the Indians wiio where regularly feated round her. She ordered a tnefs to be provided (or the gunner, which he found to be very agreeable, and fuppofed to be fowls and apples cut fmall, and mixed with fait water. The provi(ions whicli were diilributed by the queen, were ferved in ns, had been killed when the Englilh fired on the Indians as above related. She fell Tpcechlcls on the ground after (he had told her tale of woe, and two lads chat attended her, fcereed alfo to be much affcdled. Tite gunner feeing her didreded (ituation cndeavoua'd Bo confole her, and at lad die became a little calmer, offered him iier hand, and direAed the hogs to be given him, nor would die accept anv thine in return (or her Ercfent. A large party rowed round the ifland in their ^ oats on the ijth, in order to ukc a view of it, and to jpurchafc provifions. Returning, they brought with ihem a number of hogs and fowls, and fome cocoa-nuts. They found the idand to be pleafant, and abounding with the nccefTaries of life, and faw a great number of fanocs, fcvcral of which were not quite finidied. The natives tools were formed of bones, doncs, and (hells, e uthar foHr (ootcd bead* but dogi, and hogs, were 4 fcen. The inhabitants ate all their meat cith« k. I or roafled, as they neither had any vcffel where"^ could be boiled, nor (cemed to entertain an idi^ f" could be heated by fire fo as to anfwer any ul^ 1 '' I pofe. One nwrnintj, when the lady we have me" '""' I was at breakfad, an Indian that attended herl!'*"'"' oblcrved the cock of an urn turned, to fill » . "8 [ he alfo turned the cock, when the fcalding waterfT'' upon his hand, he cried out and jumped abo ''' cabin, while the Indians were terrified at the circumdance. The Capuin , another vifit from the queen on the 17th, and aT'^ I d^y a great quantity of provifions wm ,»...', I* I 'eccivaj was ib of fome" of the natives, whom we had neve/hl'/"' dealt with. The next day the queen repeated her ?* and made the Captain a prcfent of two hogs arl i^ mader attending her home, flie clothed him j^ j* drefs of the country, as die had done the CsptJ^ I his retinue. Our provifions received an encrcafc " *!!? i 19th, by the gunner's fending on board a numh^r'rrf hogs and pigs, and abundance of fowls and fruitj »h U he had purchafed in th<; country. At thii tim» order was made that none of the liulors thonH h!! allowed to go on diore, except thofe that were apnoint a to procure wood, water, or other neceflaries. On Tuefday the aid, the uueen came again tovf I Captain Wallis, and prefented him with fome h(» She likewife invited the Capuin to her houft ^*' attended her home with fome of his officers. She t » wreaths of plaited hair round their hats, and oa tt. Capuin's die put a tuft of feathers of various coW by way of didindion. She came back with thcin far as the water-fide on their return, and ordered fan! prefents to be put into the boat at their dep,rn^ Captain Wallis having intimated befoic they pa off ' that he fliouM leare the idand in feven days time lhl made figns that Ihe wilhed him to day ao days ; bmha repeated his refolution, (he burd into a flood ofttn. We were now fo well dored with hogs and poultry that our decks were covered with them^ and as tiie mJ* were more inclined to eat fruit than meat, they wtn killed fader than they had been intended. The CaptJa prefented his friend the old Indian with fome cloth and other articles, and fent a number of things to the queca among which were a cat with kitten, turkics, gtefe hens, and feveral forts of garden feeds. This compli! ment was returned by a prefent of fruit and ho« Peafe and other European feeds were fowed here, mi the Captain daid long enough to fee them come' up and to obferve that they were likely to thrive in tht country. On the asth, a party was fent on diore in order to examine the country, and a tent was ercAcil fir tlif purpofe of obferving aneclipfe of the fun. \ -n ij was ended, the Captain took his telefcope to the queen, who (hewed a furprife fcarccly to be cxprriTed, on dif. covering fcvcral obic^ls with which (lie was well ac. quainted, but which were too didant to be fecn with- out the help ol a glafs. He aTierwards invited her and her retinue to come on board tlic (hip, where an ekganl dinner was prepared, of which all hut the queen eat heartily ; but die woukl neither cat nor drink. On the return of the party from their excurdon, the queen was landed with her train. The Captain dill keeping in the fame mind as to the time of his departure, (he wept again on being informed of his refolndon. Out people who had been fent out this day, reported, that on their fird landing they called on the old Indian, and took him into their company, walking fome on one fide of the river, and fome on the other, till the ground rifing almod perpendicular, they were all obliged to walk on one fide. On the borders of the valley through which the river flowed, the foil was black, and theit were feveral houfes with walled gardens, and plenty of fowls and hogs. In many places channels were cut to conduifl the water from the hills to the planutioni. No underwood was found beneath the trees, but there was good grafs i the bread-fruit and »pple-trces were let in rows upon the hills and tb» cocM-BHtgrewopon the Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, 5cc. 067 -^ ierotmd. The ftreams now meandered through ■ ^wmdings. and the crags ofmountains hung over fjnoM heads. When they had walked about I vtWeti h«aus. wnen sney naa waiKea aaouc I "^ile* they refted, and began their breakfaft under ' ''"'^ ""ir-tree. At this time they were alarmed by a On this I "^ were E"'"8 '" oecaiic iiicmicivcs 10 meir arms, r V old Indian made figns that they fhould fit (till. I ""J Wt from a number of the natives. ''"'''^^n. (Toine to betake themfclves to their arms. I u' then wf nf '" ^'' connfy^^n, and it was prcfcntly ■ vcd that they became filcnt and withdrew. They !ftl*i*ards returned bringing with them fomc refrefh- in exchange for which they received buttons and rf "'trifles from the lieutenant. The party then °ll![«led, looking every where for metals and ores, ' '"found' nothing of that fort worth attending to. ^1 now the old Indian being tired, gave his Englilh inions to undcrftand that he was defirous of rc- '^K but he did not leave them till he had given i f "'{ions to the Indians to clear the way over r moun- ■ \(teT his departure the countrymen cut branches ft, the trees, and bid them in a ceremonious man- jtthe ffct of the feamen j they then painted them- *[ s red witli the berries of a tree, and (lained their nritnts yello* *»''* '''^ ^"^ of another. By the af- fJlnce of thefe people, the moft difficult parts of the Imciins wf climbed, and they again refrelhcd Slnftlves at its fummit, when they faw other moun- ■ ' )o much above them, that they fecmed as in a """ Towards the feathc profpcdt was incxpredibly , the fides of the hills being coveretl with ^ Towards the feathc profpcdt was incxprefiibly ^ irid the valleys with grafs, while The whole coun- ttfi . <- ,_r.j _.:.u .°ii- . Tk-.. r.... u... <•-... btlUl Itiful; I JT'wu interfperfed with villages. They faw but few lifts on the mountains above them, but as fmoke was wved in many places, it was conjeftured, that the lXh were inhabited. Many fpringt gulhed from Sffides oif the mountains, all of which were covered J, w«)d on the fides and with ferrt on the fummit. fiK foil even on the high land was rich, and the fugar L grew without cultivation j as did likewife tur- °^c and ginger. Having a third time rcfrefhed Stmfelves they defcended towards the- (hip, occafion- ,i|. deviating from the direft way, tempted by the j^fant fituation of feveral houfes, the inhabitants of Sfeh enteruined them in the moft hofpitable manner. jdf. faw parrots, parroquets, green doves, and ducks. jV lif iitcnant planted the ftones of cherries, peaches ndplumbs, feveral kinds of garden feeds, and oranges, ^om and limes. In the afternoon thev rerted on a ijtiiihtful fpot, where the inhabitants drelTed them two ]f^ ind feveral fowb. Here they (laid till evening, ihtn they rewanlcd the diligence of their guides, and spurfil to the fliip. On thi 26tli, the Captain was vifited by the ^uccn ' «S htr ufual prefents, and this day we difcontinued (iing in wood and water, and prepared for failing. A rtitcr number of Indians now came to the fea-lhore, [jji «c liaJ e ver yet feen 1 and of thefe feveral appeared sbc perfons of coii!rqiicncf. In the .afternoon the cixtn vifitr* » aptaiii WalUs, and folicited him to rtmain ten Jays longer 5 but being informed that he jioiild certainly fail on the following day, (he burft into tm. She now demanded when he would come again, lod WIS told in 50 days ( fhe remained on board till («ning, when being informed that the boat waited fcr her, (he wept with more violence than (he had yet ijone. At length this affeftionate women went over thdhip's fide, as did the old Indian who had been fo ((fvireihle to the crew. This man had fignificd that lisfon (hould fail with the Captain -, but when the time came the youth was not to be found, from whence it ir» concluded that parental affe£^ion had caufed the «1J man to forfeit his word. The next morning early two boats were ferit to fiH a few calks with water ; but lilt officer, alarmed at (inding the (hore crowded with iiic natives, prepared to return. This occafioncd the (jiKtn to come forward, who ordered the Indians to fftire to the other fide of the river, after which (he made figns for the boats to come on (hore. While dic]f were filling the water (he ordered fomQprcrcnti to be pur into the boat, and carneftly defirei^ to goonco more to the (hip, but the officer being ordered not to bring off a fingle native, (he ordered her double cano* out, and was followed by many others. When fhe had been on bo.ird for an hour, weeping ind lamenting, wo took atlvanta:;e of a fre(h breeze, and got under fail. She now embraced the Captain and officers, and left thtt (hip ; but as the wind fell, the canoes put back,- and reached the (hip again, to which the queen's was made fait, and atlvancing to the bow of it ftic there renewed her lamentations. Captain Waliis prefented her with feveral articles of ufc and orn.imcnt, all which (he re- ceived in mournful filcnce. The breeze fpringing up again, the queen and her attendants took their final leave, and tears were (hed on both .'ides. The place where the fhip had laid at anchor, was called Port Royal Harbour, and is fituate in 17 dcg. ;^o min, of fouth lat. and 150 deg. weft long. The following are the particulars we have felefted of thecuftoms, manners, &c. cf the people of Otaheite, With regard to their (tature, the men arc from five let feven to five feet ten inches hiuh, the (landard of the women in general, near three inches lliorter, the talleft among them being about five ft- ■ * .vVen inches; they were moltly handfume, and loine of rhem are defcribed as being really beautifid. The complexion of fuch of the men as are much empluyed on t!ic water is reddilh, but their natural colour is what is called tawny. The colour of their hair is not like that of the Eaft Indians and Americans, black, but is diverfified like that of the Europeans, having among them blacii, brown, and red, and flaxen ; molt of the children having ilie latter : when loofe, it has a (trong natural curl, but it is ufually worn tied ii* two bunches, one on each fi.ie the head, or in a fingle bunch in the middk:. They anoint thfc head with the oil of the cocoa-nut, mixed with a root of a fragrant ftnell. The women as we have before obferved, do not cunfider chaftity as a virtue, for they not only readily arid openly trafficked with our people for per- fonal favourt but were brought down by tneir father^ and brt>th(^r^ for the purpofe of proftitution : they were, however conf'cious of the value of beauty j and the fize of the nail that was demanded for the enjoyment of the lady, was always in proportion to her charms. \Vher» a man offered a girl to tne carefTcsof a failor, he (hewed a (tick of the fize of the nail that was to purchafe her company ( and if our people agreed, (he was fent orer to tliem, for our feamen were not permitted to croft th« river. Their duaths are formed of two pieces of cloth, made of the bark of « (hrub and not unlike coarfe china paper. lu one of them a hole is made for the head to pafs through, and this hangs down to the middle of the lea, from the fiioulders both before and behind 5 the other piece which is between four and five yards long, and nearly one broad, they wrap round the body, and the whole forms an eafy, decent, and graceful drefs. They adorn themfclves with flowers, feathers, (hells, and pearls. The laft arc worn chiefly by the womeni the Captain purchafed two dozen Af a fmall fize and food colour out they were all fpoiled by boring. Mr. umeaux faw feveral in his cxcurfion to the we(t, but he could purchafe none witli any thing he had to ofl^er. It "- - ■ 1*1 I* 268 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD, Complete. ir I ii '^' 1 i' i -L r , 111 was fhoal water at the landing place, our officers were Carried by the Indians on Ihore, and Jonathan, aiTuming ftate with this new finery, would be carried by fonie of his people in the fame manner. '" ■attempting to ufc a knife and fork-at meah, at firft .■■■ hand always came to his mouth, and the viftuals, on the end of the fork, went away to his ear. Befides the articles already men- tioned, tlicic people eac the Hc(h of dogs. Rats abound intheifland, but, as far as wc could difcover, they make no part of their food. In their rivers are good tailed niullrts, but they nre neither large nor in plenty. On the reef arc cray-fifh, conchs, mufcles, and other ftiell- fifli which they gather k 1(iw water, and cat raw with bread fruit before they conn- on Ihorc. At a fmall dif- rance from hence, they cauh with lines, and hooks of mother of pearl, parrot-hlli, groopcrs, and many other forts, of whiL-'i th( y .^rr lb fond, that wc could fcldom prevail upon ihein to t; 11 us a tew at any price. Their nets are of an cnorn.i us fizc, witii very I'mall inelhes, with which thry cateh abunj.incc of tJi» fmall fry j but while they were uling botii nets and lines with great fuccefs, wc couli.1 ui.tcatclia finglcHlh with cither ; not even with their iiooks ami lines, foinc of which wc liail procured. Tiie manner in which they drefs their food is Ibme whar lingular. Tliey (irft kiniiie ;> tire by rubbing the end of tme piece ofdiywoixi tos^etiicr, in the I'atiie manner as our carpenters whet a chillcl. H.iving alfo dug a pit about half a foot dci^i, and two or three yards in circumfer- ence, tliey pave the bottom v. ;th large pebbly ilonrs, laid down I'mQotli anJ even, and then kuullc a fire in it with dry wood, Ic.ivcs. and the hulks of the cuc.>a-nut. When the (h)ne' arc I'.iiii^ic.tly 'icated, they take out the kmbers, and rakr up ihe allies on every Ade i then tlicy tover die Itcne with a layer of green cocoA-nut tree leaves, and wrap up the .iinual that is to be dreflcd «n the leaves of the pLnuin: it a mull hog they wrap it up whole, if a large one tliey fj)lit it. , When it is 5)]aced in the pit, tlxy < over it wid) the hot embers, and ay upon them bread- fruit ami yams, which are alfo vrapjied up in the leaves of tlic plantain ; orer thefe they fprcad the remaintler of the embers, mixing among them fomc of the hot ftones, with more, leaves upon ihem, and lallly to keep the heat in, tiiey dole ai! up with earth. After a time proportioned to the fize of what is drelFiiig, t!ie oven is ojx;ncd, and tlie meat tai.T, , out, which is tender, full of gravy, and, in tf- well '* L.c and our tilh one. We met with no frog, toad, ?"',!!;on.'cemimcd, or ferpcnt, df any kind} and the 'iCblcfome infers that wcfi "aw were ants, of which were ""•• - ■• ■ T*^*^ fouth-eaft part of'the iflaml f'^ to be better cultivated and inhabited than wh-re |!v for we faw every day boats come round from *' -J laJcn with plantains and oth^f fruits. While we 1 off t''"' ''^'""'' ^^'^ ^^^^^^ *<= received, with refpcft the fli'P' company, was beyond our moll fanguine "' .jjtiuns, for we had not now an invalid aboard, tpt the two lieutenants, and the captain, and they ''^/recovering) though ftill in a feeble condition. ^my alTcrtions have been advanced with refpeft to . tirft introducers of the venereal difeafe into this L] " It is certain, (obfervcs Captain Wallij) that \(.( of our people coiitrafted the venereal difeafe here, !j[Vrcfore, as they had free cominercc with great "Jnibcriof the women, there is the greatcft probability L it was not then knowrt in the country. It was, Mtvtr, found here by Captairt Cook in the Endcav- jnii as no European veflcl is known to have vi- 1^ th s ifland before Captain Cook's arrival, but the nciphin, »nd the Boudeulc and Etoil. contmaqijcd by y Boui^^inville, the reproach of having contaminated ,ldi tint dreadful pell, a race of happy people, to whom itsinilcrics had till then been unknown, muft be due (jiitr to him or to me, to England or to France i and Ithinkniyfelf happy to be able to exculpate mylcli jj my country beyond a poJTibility of a doubt. It is I ^llknown, that the furgcon on board his inajcllj ".<« iips keeps a lift of the perfons who are fick on board, jucifyinn their difeafei, and the times when they came Jier' his care, and when they were difchargcd, It bptKneJ that I was once at the pay tabic on board a to, when fevcral failors objcifled to the payment of (hcfurgeon, aliedging, that although lie had dii'charged ihin from the lift, and reported them to be cured, yet iktir cure was incomplete. From this time it has been Iff conllant prafti'c when the furgcon reported a man bV cured, who had been upon the fick lift, to call the ujii brforc me, and alk him whether the report wns ;i»: if lie alledged that any fyiiipuinis of his com- iliint rtni.iincd, 1 continiicil hiitiupon tlie lift i if not, Muired him, as a confirmation of the hiryeon'srcjxjrt, 10 fi^'n the book, which was always done in my pre- itncf. A ropy of the fick lift on boiird the Dolphin, (iiiring this voyage, figned by every nian in my pre- bcc, when he was dilcharged well, in confirmation of ulurgton's leport, written in my own hand, and con- irmfdby my affidavit, I have dci)ofitcd in the admi- lakvi by which it appears, that the laftman on board liiclhip, in her voyage outward, who was upon the fick ii!l for the venereal difeafe, except one who was lent to England in the ftore ftiip, was difcharged cured, and Egncii the book on the 17th December 1766, near fix months before our arrival at Otaheitc, whicl\ was on the ijthof June 1767 j.and that the firft man who wxs upon iktlil), for thatdifeafc, in our return home, was entered or, the 26th of February 1768, fix months after we left tkcillind, which was on the 26ihof July 1767} futhat tin Ihip's company was intircly free fourteen months within one day, the very middle of wliich time we fpcnt itOtjheitei and the man who was firft entered as ave- Krcti patient, in our return home, was known to have tontriacd the difeafe at the Cape of Good Hope, whfrc we then lay." The old Indian, who had been fo ufcful in carrying on 11 intcrcnurfe with the natives, had often intimated, tivt his fon, a boy ab^ut fourteen ycari of age, rtiouKl 'in. ken board the (hip ; and the lad feumed well in- .' oj quit his country, and undertake the voyage j n • hen the (hip was about to fail, the youth V f to conceal himfelf, from a change of mint! ' ' i ill or his father. A few months after the till ; ft this ifland, M. de Bougainville touched ".•>, J 2. tt> Dalpkinfathfrom King George the Tbintt I^d-^Her pajpage from tbtnce to Thiian-^Sir Charles Saunders', ^j \ hvae't— Stilly— Bofetnuen's—KtppeTi— and Captain H^ailis'i ijlttnds difcovered- 'the prejeni ftate of TttA / ftribtd-^Run from that iflandto Batttvia -Incidents and tranfaitions at this lajl pla.e -lie Dolphin continu" f voyage to the Cape of Good Hope— Returns to England, and anchors in the Dt-wns en Friday the 20ih of May Jl/f having eirenmnavigated the Glohe, firom thetimeof weighing anchor in Plymouth Sound, injuft 637 days -, 'agl ' eompU/hed her voyage a month and a dayftoner than fie had done when under the commundof Commodore Byrtn "' ON Sunday the 16th of July, 1767, we took our departure from the idand of Otahcit^ , and on the 37th, pafled the Duke of York's Ifland, the middle and weft end whereof is very mountainous, but the eaft end is lower, and the coaft juil within the beach abounds with plantain-trees, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, and apple-trrcs. On the 28th, we difcovered land, which was called Sir Charles Saunders's Ifland. It is about fix miles long from F.. toW. and lies in latitude 17 deg. l3 min. fouth, and in 1 5 1 deg. 4 min. weft longi- tude. On the weather fide are many great breakers, and the lee-fidc is rocky, neverthelefs, in many places there appears to be good anchorage. In the center is a mountain, which fcems to be fertile. The few inhabi- tants we faw appeared to live in a wretched manner, in finall huts, very different from the ingenious nsitivesof King George's Illand. Cocoa-nut and other trees grew on die (hore, but all of them had their top* blown away. On the 30th, we again made land, at day-break, bearing N. by E. to N. W. Wc ftood for it but could fimi no anchorage, the whole ifland being encircled by dangerous breakers. It is about ten mtles in length, andfour in breadth, and lies in latitude 16 deg. 46 min. fouth, and in 144 deg. ij min. weft longitude^ On the lee part a few cocoa nuts were growing, and we perceived fmoke, but no inhabitants. The Captain named this new difcovered land Lord (lowe's Idand. In the afternoon we difcovered in latitude 16 deg. 3S min. fouth, longitude 1 5 5 deg. jo min. weft, a ^roup of iflands or (hoals, exceeding dangerous -, for in the night, however clear tiie weather, and by day, if it is hazy, a fhip may run upon them without feeing land. At five o'clock we drfcried the breakers, run- ning a great way to the fouthward -, and foon after low land to the S. W. We turned to wiiidwai\l all night, and at nine oVIock of tlie .tift got round the fhoals and named them Scilly inanib. On Thurfday the i jth of Aiiguft, having continued our courfe weltward, two fmall illands came in view. The firft, at noon bore W. half S. diftant five leagues, and h.^i the appearance of a fugar loaf. The center of the feconJ rofe in the form of a peak, and bore W. S. W. diftant fix leagues. To one which is nearly a circle, in diameterthrce miles, wc gave the rumc of Bufcawen's ifland i and this we believe to be the only inftance which occurs, of an ifland receiving the name of a de- ceafed great man. Admiral Bofcawen died in the year 1761. The other ifland, which is three miles and a half in length, we calk-d Keppel's Ifle. Port Royal at this time bore eaft 4 deg. louth, difhuit 478 leagues. At two o'clock, P. M. we faw feveral inhabitants upon Bolcawen's Ifland i but Keppel's being to windward, and appearing more likely to afford u< good anchorage, we hauled up for it. At fix, being diftant therefrom nearly two miles, we obfervedby the help of ourglafTcs, many of the natives upon the beach i but we did not attempt to anchor, on account of feme breakers at a confiaerabie diftance from the ifland. However, on the 14th, early in the morning, the butts were dif- patched to found and viiit the ifland. At noon they returned, without having found any ground, within a cable's length of it i but feeing a reef of rocks, they had hauled round the fame, and got into a large deep bay full of rocks : without this was anchorage from 1 4 to 30 fathoms, bottom fand and corral 1 and within a rivulet of good water 1 but the fhore being rocky, they went in fearch of a better landing plf.ce, which they found about half a mile farther, and went afliore. Our {}cople reported, that the inhabitanu were not unlike thofe of Otaheite ; they were cloathed in a kii — ^•-- — 7 ,"^^;'"""^" >n a kind of matting, and were remarkable for havine the drU ■ of their little fingers cut off. They feemed to be If"' ' ably inclined, and three of them from their canotsc " into the boats when they put off, but fuddenly jum ""! overboard, and fwam back to the ifland, where a£ 50 of their countrymen ftood on the Ihore rcadv ' rvCcive them, but who would not advance nearer th ° about looyarjs to our people. Thefe brought l!l board two fowls, and fome fruit, but they faw m hogs. Till thii day, Captain Wallis had cntertaintT defign of returning to England by the way of the M gellanic Straits ; but as no convenient wateriiiB ni/' WW to be found in this ifland, and as the Ihip hsdr*^ cei>»'d fome damages, that had rendered her unfit r I encounter a rough Ita, he determined to fail for TiniJ* from thence to Uatavidi and fo home by the Caw n Good Hoj)e. By this route, as far as wc could judo! we expefted to be fonncr at home, and fuppofino^ fliip might not be in a contlition to make the wholf voyage, we fliould Hill have a greater probability of I faving our lives, .is from this place to Batavia, wf ihould ' have a calm fca, an<.l be not far from pan. We ,),,„|( ' it rather extraortlinary that a thought (hould be enttr- \ tained by Captain Wallis, of returning by the way we i came j as, in-kpendent of the prodigious unnecciTarv I rifk th4t wou.J be run, the honour ofhavir.e gone ovrr the entire ci Juiuferrni e of the globe would have bctn loft ; for a voyage into the South Sta woull have had nothing attractive in its found i but a voyage round tht world, was calculated to draw general attention. Ja i confequence of the above rcfolution, we psffcd Bof- cawen's Ifland, which is well inhabited, and abounds with timber; but Ke^'pel's is by fiir the largcft anj beft Ifland of the two. The former lies in latitude 'S^*!5> 50 "•>"■ 'outh, longitude 175 lieg, weft- and the latter in Kititude 15 deg. 55 min. longitudfN '75 ^'■g- J '"in. weft from LxinJon. We continufd I our courfe W. N. W. anJ, On Sunday the 16th, at ten o'clock, A. K. wr dif- covercdIandbearingN. by E. and at noon weie within ' three leagues of it. Within fliore the land aiiprarrd ! to be higli.but at tticwater-fide it*as lowj amllccmtd to be furroundrd with reefs that extended two or thrtc ' miles into the lla. The coaft is rocky, and thetrcti grow almoft to the edge of the water. Wr hauled 1 withouta reefofriKks, to get round the lee- fide of the ifland, and at the fame time fent off the boats to found and examine the coaft. Our people found the irtes to be of different forts, manv of them very large, but • all without fniit : on the lee-fide indeed were a few ' cocoa-nuts, but net a (ingle habitation was tn be fecn : nor any kind of animals, either birds or beads, excrpt fea fowl. Soon after they had got near the (h( rf, feveral canoes came up to them, each having fix or eight men on board. Thty appeared to be a robuft, aaive i^eople, and were clothed with only a kinder! mat that was wrappril romul their waifts. Thry were ' armed with large niucrs or clubs, fuch as I Icnulcs it reprefented with, two of which they told to ourmaftfr for a few luils and trinkets. Thefe people attempting to fteal the cutter, by hauling hrr upon the rocks, a I gun was fired clofe to one of their face*, the report of j which fo terrified them, that they decamped with the ! titmoft fpeed. When the boats, on their return to rhc ftiip, came near to deep water, thiy *ere imprddby points of rocki ftanding up, rhe wliole reef, except m j one prt, being now dry, a.id a great fea broke over it. The Indians obfrrving ciiii followed our buatt in thnr { ranoek, *!*■ m :m> l;i! 'I,'' 'X: if ■ m 1 i ■ i 1 , 1 1 Itl'Ifi ifrii?:? ;!.:'Sfe i'!! u;i m ':M^ M^ I 1' .Ik!, 'I 01 ;ti '!> "' > ' ? ^' .v'»f>«i'fr^*''( Captaj N> i^. ■^ '* •1 'f #^, --'"^i rf '■If'- •H' '■-r;:-'ii, : ri.^.v^V'- Mm^ „dthcnth«yrc , „rttraord.i«r) foetal wM leer 'et the native. 'S"«d, which Jported. that . 7two or three ch«rage •" >8. coral. The op. where, f preffe ffloor.m eight wthagreattrlf" d« oficcrs call. Willis's lOand. jjmin.fout'i'?' hjiiledinourbi where we lav t.l tl^ current had ^t fail to the On Friday the l^tuJe.ourton ^min.weftfrc biplswerefeena ^ rtfenibled colour. •Onth( „J in 188 dej rippling, which „ fir as the eye founded, but fou On the 3rd Ijnd, which waj Winds. The 1 longitude 19a c iideg- 10 n'l" ^, five o'clock, ud at fix. in fiich as U def'^ Spinilh colour* two miles, at wl fj, X. W. and ' ^ 7th, we faw Imd bird, very r (tiy the 17th, >i longitude 313 d o'clock, A.M.' Vy. by N. difta cune in fight < on Saturday th fuhoiib, landv tht fliorc, and no time, after boiti on Ihore, frtlhrnrnt*. In limes, and coc< Tilidi, were Ui the fiuitli'a forji Ciptain and fir condition, wen nuie and I3 r On the 30th, tl better fituation the Ihip a little wiy. Acflxo' in a fine young »e kept on (h with a good Ai pk now on (ha we begin the 1 Pinter* were fi |M on (hare. tncnd thcin : imn work, an The Tick rcc breathed the 1 from whtc wi w « '- ii^fciti i u tm,mii '«il I » ii m m <« * rAfTAiH WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 271 ***. ill along the reef till they got to the beach, '"n^n they rowed back. We IhaB here remark, as "'' Ordinary circumftance, that although no fort "f metal was feen on any of the lately difcovered iflands, .-the nativei were no fooner poffcffed of a piece of J" than they began to (harpen it, but did not treat '"'^ or braft in the fame manner. When the boaf; '"''irncdVwhich wa» about fix in the eveninK, the mafter ""orted, that all within the reef was rocky, but that '^m or three places without it there was §ood an- ufjoe m >8» '4i "«* " fathoms, uponfand and til " The opening in the reef is 60 fathoms broad, '"here if pre'fe'l ^Y nec^flity, a ftip may anchor, or *oor in eight fathoms i but it will not be fafe to moor "^■AigicueT length than half a cable. This ifland *h« office'* called after the name of our commander, Ivulisi Ifland. It is fituated in latitude 13 deg, •gmin. fouth, and in 177 deg. weft longitude. Having Lilcd in our boau wc ran down four miles to leeward, \((t we lay till the morning i and then, finding that !L current had fet us out of fight of the ifland, wc -,aie fail to the N. W. On Friday the aSth, we croflTed the hne into northern tatudc, our tongitude being, by obfervation, 1 87 deg. u min. weft from Ltmdon. Durins; this courfe many L^wcre feen about the (hip, one ofwhich was caught, ,1^ rtfembled ex»£i\Y a dove in fize, (hapc, and colour. -On the 291 h, in latitude 2 deg. 50 min. north, „j in 188 deg. weft longitude, we crofted a great rippling, which ftrctched from the N. E. to the S. W. ,s fir as the eye could reach from the maft-head. We founded, but round no bottom, / ith a line of 200 fathoms. ()n the 3rd of September, being Thurfday, we faw linJ, which was thought to b: two of the Pifcadone lOinds. The latitude of one of them is 1 1 deg. north, longitude 1 92 deg. 30 min. weft, and that of tfie other iideg. 30 min. north, longitude 192 deg. 58 min. j^t five o'clock, A. M. we (aw more land in the N. W. mi at fu, in the N. £. obfcrved an Indian prow, fuch as is dcfcribrd in the account of Lord Anfon's voyage- Perceiving (he made towards us, we hoifted Spimlh colours : but (kc came no nearer than within (womiles, at which dil^ance flie tacked, ftood to the «;. N. W. and was out of fight in a ftiort time. On ihi 7th, we faw a curlew, and on the ^h, we caught a liixi bird, very much refcmbling a ftatiing. On Thurf- (Uy the 17th, we obfcrved in latitude 15 deg. north, longitude 212 deg. 30 min. W. On the i8fh, at fix o'dock, A. M we dclcried the ifland of Saypan, bearing W. by N. Jiftant ten kagues. In the aVtrrnoon wc ome in fight of Tiaian, made fail for the road -, and on Saturday the 19th, we cime to an anchor in ai fithonu, I'andv Krouitd, af about a mile diftant from tht (iiurc, and half a mile from the retf. We loft no tltue, after the ftiip was fecurcd, in femling the bolts on (bore, to erca tents, and procure fome re- frtlhmi'nw. In a few hours they returned with oranges, limts, oikI cocoa-nuts. The furgeon, with all the in- ralids, were landed with the utmoft expedition ; alfo th: fmith's forge, and a cheft of cariientcr's tools. The Ciptain and Mi lieutenant, both beinsj in a very fickly condition, went like wife aftiorc, uking with them a nute and 1 2 men to hunt for cattle in the country. On the 20th, the maftcr informed us, that there wu a better fituation to the fouthward > wc therefore warped the Ihip a little wav up, and moored with a cable each wiy. At fix o'docV in the evening, our hunters brought ins fine young bull, of near 500 weight, part of which te kept on fliore, and fcnc the renuinder on board, tich a good fupply of fruit. The amount of the peo- ple now on ftiore, fltk and ««U, wu 51. On the a ift, te began the mceflTanr rtpairtof the (hip. The car- p.:ntrr» were let at work to caulk her : all the (ails were got on (hare, and chc fail-makcn were employed to tncnd them : while the armourers were bufy un the irnn work, and making new chains for the rudder. The fick recovered ver^ faft from the day they firft bretthcd the land air : this, however, wu fo dillerent from what wc found it in Otaheite, that ftefh meat which there kept fweet two days, could here be fcarcely kept fweet one. Near the landing-place we faw the remains of many cocoa-nut trees, which had all been wantonly cut down for the fruit ; and we were obliged to go three miles into the country to procure a fingle nut. The hunters alfo fuffcred incredible fatigue, going frequently 10 or 1 2 miles, through one continued thicket, and the cattle were fo wild, that it was very difficult to come near them. On this account one party was ordered to relieve another ; and Mr. Gore with 14 men were ftationed at the north part of the ifland, where cattle were in much greater plenty. At day-break every morning, a boat went off to bring in wliat they caught, or killed, and in this ifland we pro* cured beef, poultry, papaw apples, and all the other re- frefliments, of which an account is given in Lord Anfon's voyage i but which differs in fome particulars from the report made of this place by Commodore Byron. During our ftay at this place, the fhip was laid down by the ftern, to get at fome of the fhcathing which had been much torn; and in repairing the cupper, the capentcr difcovered and ftopped a leak under the lining of the knee of the head, by which we had reafon to hope moft of the wate , that the vefiel had lately admitted in foul weather, came id. On Thurfday the 15th of Oftotjer, all the fick being recovered, our wood and water completed, and the Dolphin made fit for fea, every thing was ordered on board from the Ihore ; and all our men were embarked from the watering-place, each having at leaft, 500 limes i and we haJ feveral tubs full of the fame fruit on the quarter deck, for every one of the crew to fqureze into his water what he fhould think fit. On the i6th, at day break, we weighed, and failed out of the bay, fending the boats at the fame time to the north end of^the ifland, to bring oflT Mr.Gore and his hunters. At noon they came on board with a fine large bull which they had jiift killed. On Wednefday the lift, wc held on a wefterly courfe 1 on the aand, Tinian beinff diftant 277 leagues, we faw feveral birds, parti- cularly three refcmbling gannets, of the fame kind that wc had feen when within about 30 leagues of Tinian. On the 23rd, and the two following days it blew a violent ftorm, and we had much thunder, lightning, rain, and a great lea. The fliip laboured very much : the nidder became again loofe, and (hook the ftern, a dcfc^fl which wc had before experienced, and which we ti.ought had been remedied at Tinian. The gales in- creafing fplit our gib and main-top-maft fhy-lail : the forc-fail, and niizen-fail were torn to pieces j and, having bent others, we wore, and ftood under a reefed fore -tail, and balanced mizen. The effefts of the florm were more dreaded, as the Dolphin admitted more water than flie had done at any time during the voyage. Soon after we had got t!ie top-gallant-mafts down upon the deck, and took in the gib-boom, a feaftruck the ftiip u|x)n her bow, and wartied away the round-houlis, with all the rails of the head, and every thing upon the forc-caftle ; ncvcrthelefs, we were forced to carry as much fail as the fhip would bear, being by Ijord Anfon's account rear the Baftiee Iflands i and by Commodore Byron's, not more than 30 leagues, with a iee-fhore. The inceffant and heavy rain had kept every man on board wet to the Ikin for inorc than two days and two nights, and the fea was breaking continually over the (hip. A mountainous one, on Turfday the 27th,ftaved all the half ports to pieces on the ftarboard fide, broke all the iron itanchions on the gunwale, waftird the boat off the (kids, and carried many things overboard. We were, however, this day favoured with a gleam of fun* (hine i and on the 2 >th, the weather became more mo- derate. At noon we altered our courfe, fteering S. by W. and paft one o'cbck, we faw the Baftiee Iflands bearing from S. by E. to S. S. E. diftant fix leagues. Tlicfe are all high, but the northermoft is higher than the reft. Grafton Ifland, one of them is lakl down by Captain Wallis in the latitude of a 1 deg. 4 min. north, and in 3^9 deg. weft longitude t but Captain Xing, in his relation oftlie concluiiun of the laft voyage of i '!•« 11!' 1 'i 1 ■ r'i| 1: ^ t^i ^\ U M' I; m In J r'nrs: 272 Y Q V A G E S ftp O K D e voyage. On Friday the 13th, we came in fjght of tlie idanJ-. J'l- mogn, Aros, and Pefang, OnMonJay the 16th, we iigaincroffed the line into foMth latitude, in the loni^i- tiide of 255 deg.W. and foon after we faw two iflandi, diftant fcvcn leagues. Oj> the »7th, wc had trmpcftu- . oils weather with iieavy rain. Tiie two ifl.iniij prove i to be Pulo Tote, and Pulo Wcfte ; and liaviii^ made fail . till oije o'clock V. M. wc faw at that time the Icvcn iddiids. On the 1 8th, at two o'clock, A. M. a fin^;iilar incident Jiappened. At this time tiie weather was I'o tcmpeftu- ous and dark, that we could not fee from one part of the fliip to the other, wc haii alio Iieavy Iquails .ind much rain. JJnring the lull violence of the wind, a flalh of lightning I'u.klenly difcovcred a large vcflel clofc aboard of us. 1 ne fteerfiiian inftantly put the helm a lee, and the Dolphin anfwering her rudtlcr, juft cleared the other fliip, and thus efcaped the impending deftriidlion.which threatened to bury for ever in the vaft deep every cir- cumftance of the voyage. This was the firft ftiip that had been ften fmcc our parting with the Swallpw in April i and it blew fo hanl, that, not being able to un- dcrftand any thing that wasfaid, we could not learn to . what nation (he belonged. The weather having cleared up at fix o'clock, A. M. we faw a fail at anchor in the t. S. E. and at noon came in fight of Pulo Taya,jicar which we anchored at fix in the evening, in 1 5 fathoms, Tandy grounl. On the igih wc failed again, and faw two veffelf a-hcad of us, but finding wc loft much ground, came to an anchor again in 15 fathoms. On Jr riday the 20th, our fimll bower anchor parted, and could not be recovered. We immediately took in the ca- ble, and jierceived that it h^d been cut through with the rucks. On tltc 22nd, at halt an hour after fix A. M. we faw ilie coaft of* Sumatra i and caft anclior in Batavia ro»d on Monday, the 30th. On 'luefday, the 1 ft of December, wc falutcd the go- • iVcrnor with 13 g"ns, which, contrary to the uiual cuf- Hfun^ h*c returned with one more, inftcad of one Icfs, from the fort; apd perxnifTioh having be«n obtain h pUVchafe jirovilions, we were footi %t>Kedwithh!'? and plenty of Vegetables, which the Captain or.1..^' plenty ot Vegi be lerved' irt\niediately fliip's "onipa'ny^ "that ht would not fufRr any Hqu^ at icntrrevaptamorde^Jt,' he fame time he toJH.k "°''""ff^r.«„yli',r't brought on board, 4nd would feverelyjjunifli thofewi* made fuch an 'aittciiipt, obfcrving, in order to rccoiTv thertl to this regulation, that intenipcrance.particula 1 in a too free ufc of arrack, Would inevitably deft thiem. As a further prcfervativc, thecaptain wouj/"^ fuffcr a min to go on ftiore, except upon duty, not w"*" ■" ' "• Atthistittx; great number of even thefe permitted to go into the town. At this t 14 fail of Dutch Eaft Indiamen, and a great numberrf fmall veffels were laying in this road; Here alfo faw the Falmouth, an F.nglifli man of war, of 50 oJ!!* lyiMg upon the mud in a rotten condition. She totehS at thi$ inliofl)itable place, on her return from Manili in tlic year 1 761, and was condemned. On examin ing the ftores and ftiip, every thing was found in fo decayed a ftate, as to be totally ufelefs. The office and crew of Ihis fliip were in a miferable conditio? The boatf^ain through vexation anddiftrefs had lofthij fenfes, and was at this time in a Dutch hofpital; (i^ carpenter was dying i ^nd the Cook a wounded crirrie The warrant officers belonging to this Wreck prcfolS a petition to Capt.iin Wallis, requtfting that he would take then) on board tiie Dolphin. They ftatcd, that nothing now rt iti.;ii:ed for them to look after; that thet liswi ten years p^y d\ie, which dicy' would gladly relin- qiiifli, to be relievet! from their prcfent fufferinjrs -jtj^ treatment they received from the Dntth •..ji moft in- human. TlicyWt re not permitted to fptnd a finBt night on fliore, and in fickiiefs no One viiited tliemon board : they were bt fides robbed by the Malays, and in continual dread of being murdered by them. Captain Wallis told thei^i, with the utmort rtgret and compaf- fion, tliat the relief tlT^y prayed for, it was not in hii power to renders that as they had received chargrcf ftores, they muft wait for orders from homcibuthe affured them he would do all in his power to itlievt then) i .ind with this remote conlblation only, the poor neglc(5cd, forgotten, unaflifted fijffering FnglifhTnen took their have with tears in their eyes. About & months btf >i< Captain Cook touched 4t Batavia, on bo.ird thf I'lndeavyur, in t77'oyihc Dutch tliought fit to (c'il the I'ahninith, and aH'her damaged (iores, in piibl'c a'uTii')!!, .lod reiu^ihe. o/jiccri home iii their o»ii fliii,'...' , ■ '■ The, VxArbiwnt \mtti wl.icTi were dcmnndetl f()r cordaj^e, a'iui every odu r nrtlcle whicli the Dolplitn ftood in need of, obliyid CaptiinVValHs to leave tiie ul ICC without procuring any tliirtg6fthat kind, although his iiexjd of ilum was very great. During our ftay at this place, which was eigiit days, the moft falutarytr- gulations were eftablifhed, in order, if poffiblc, topre- fcrve the crew from tiic malignity of the climate ; and the moft Ixnelicial confcqucncCs enfued. The Ihip's company continued fober and healthy the whofe time ; for, exrcepta failor who had been Ufffifted with rheu- matic |)ains ever fince wc had left the Straits of Magellan, only one man was on the frck lift. On Wedncfday the 2nd, our boatfwain and carpenter we lirut to jcxamine f^ich of the ftores, belonging tn the Falmoi^th, as Ti;v^ t>een landtifat Onruft, with orders, that if] ^nv were fit' for ufe they fliould be Surchafcd. On tlieir return they reported, thatallthc ores they had furVeyed werr rotten, except one pair of tacks, which they Inougnt with Inem : the niafts, yards, and cables wei^Cjall dropping ^6>lccrSi andevea the iron work was fi) ruliy that it,"i'iu Worth notHng. Tiiey ^\C<> examined, he? hulk, ai^fouhd her in a moil fliattered condition. Milny of herpofts werewiftitd into one j tl»c ftern port was quite ficcayed ; ah'dthf»r was no place in her wlierc a int|n Cotild be Ihcltewl from the weather. The few unbrtppy ftilffrcrs who rfiiiaincd in her, were in «s watched a ftare as the Ihip, being quite broken and wrti-e db^rn, andexpeA- ing to be ifroWnfd as fpon a ^^^" '''*'' '^'Inii' to *hat he knew to ( Ihu'w'"' i^pof't'""' '"id therefore told them, that IwouUgive them till next Tuefdav to come to his ,s It which time, if they ilid not, he would Certain-' J fit were poHlblct fct fail without taking the thingi [lid treated for. Accordingly, on the 8th, having nothing mor< about the anchor and ropfc, we fail- lironi the roail of Batavia, at fix o'clock, A. M. , On. iiv the I itli. at noon, we were between the coafts of ,utri and Sava, when feveral of the crew began to Tifftclcd with colds and fluxes. On the 12th, a ijtii boat came Along- fide, and fomc tljrtles were pUr- j^ for the uic of our company. At night, b^ing Keililbncc of two miles from the Java /bore, we law Liuzing number of lights on the beach, intended, [r imaginei'i to ilraw the fifti near thereto. On the , «c anchored off Prince's Illand, at which pUce ^ in wood and water ; and the ntxt morning, th^ ir« come down with turtle, poultry, and hog-deer, tliey parted with at moderate rates; Here we dllihe iQth, during which time one of the feamcil Itom the main-yard into the barge, which Itf fide the (hip. by whidb accident he was dread* jruifed, and many of his bones were broken. In y he ftnick two other men* one of whom was (o hurt, dut he contimed fpeechiefs tor a fe«dani ihtn dii(d: but the, other had only one of ht« broken. While at this ifland, we buried three „• of our hand«, aoMng whom was George Lewis, quarter-nufter, a diligent, fobcrman, and excecd- ly uTcful, ss he (]^c both the Spanilh and Portugucfc migcs. On Sut)day the jotht at fix o'clock, A.M. oiidc fail, ami froni this time to the 14th, many of prnple began to complain of an intermitting dif-j •r ilimelhinp like an agw. ' ,. On I"ru;lay die idof JofUMryi not kis ' '^ than 40 of our crew were down upon the 1 lift, laid up with fluxes and fevers, of the putrid lifld, difcafrs efpccl^iy f^tal on board 4 (hip. The iirgton's mate was of this number i and even thofe iho were appointed to attend the fick, were alwajrt •n ill in a day or two after they had been Upon thtt :rricc. i'lie aacntion wh^< u- comnunder pud to iiik docs him honour. I{e caufcd a commodious Wh to be made for therii, which he ordered to be hung fith painted canvas, keepivg it aW lys dean, ana iiiding it to be walhcd wtth vinegar, and fumigated osct or twice a day : the water, though well ufted, w«s (uHantly ventilated : k Urge piece of iron was alfo litutd red hot, and quenched in it, before it was given om to be drank : the itck had alio wine inftcad of grog, lad falop, or fago, every morning for bieAkftft t tWo dtji in a week they had mutton-broth 2 fometime* a bwlor two on the intcnrndiatt diijrs : befid^all wbick itAorativcs and naurifltmcnt, they had plenty of rice ud fugv, and fre(]ucMly malt mafhed for them . We bclievt people in a fickly ihip had never (b many rc- fttlhments before. Ifor was the furg^con lefs afliduous indiicharging, with viiremitted attention, the duties of his office I yet, not\irithftandins aU thefe advantages, Gckncfi gained ground from the malignant and con- ugiouj nature of the fevers with which the men Were liiiacd. To augment thefe our affliAions, the fliip (rcw very leaky, her upper works were looft, and 3J- (he made more than three feet water in a watch. However, through the divine blelTmg upon human means, by the loth, the ficknefs began to abate, but more than half the crew were fo feeble, that they rould fcarccly crawl about. This day we faw many tropic birds about the fliip, and on the t'J'th, we obfcrved feveral albatrofles, and caught fome bonettas. On the a4th, in latitude 31 deg. 40min. fouth, long! tlidc 328 dig. 17 min. weft, we encountered a violent ftorm, which tore the main-top-fail to pieces; A dreadful fea broke over the fliijp, by which the (larboard rudder- chain was demolilhed, and feveral of the booms were waihed overboard » yet during the ftorm we oblirved a number of birds ; and dftcr it fubfided all hands were employed in drying the bedding, an.d in repairing our Ihattercd faik. On the 27th, we 'vere by obfervation in latitude 34 deg. 16. min, and in longitude 312 deg. 30 niiii. wcfti and on the 30th, at fix o'clock in the eve(iing, we (aw land. February the 4th, being 't'hurfdiy, wfc arrived at the Cape of Good Hope, and came to an anchor in Tablfc Bay : in the run to which place from Prince's Ifland, the Dolphin had got 3 deg. to tlie eaftward of her reckoning. We found riding in the bay a Dutch com- modore, with 16 fail of Dutch Eaft Indiamcn, a French F^ft Indiu (hip, and the Admiral Watfon, Captain GrifFen, in Eaft India packet-boat for Bengal.- The Captain having fent the Ufual complinynts tO the governor, he received our olHcer with gteat civility, aJTuring him, that we were welcome to all fuch re- frefliments and alCftance that the cape alforded, and that he would return oiir falute with the fame number of gunst We therefore faluted the governor with 13 guns, and he returned the full complement. Admiral Watfon faluted us with eleven guns, and We returned nine : the Frenchman faluted us with nine guns, and we returned feven. We how loft no time in procuring frelh meat and vegeubies (or the ufe of the fick. The furgcon was fent on (hore to hire kxl^ings (of thcitt } but as the rate dem.-indcd was two (hilluigs a-day, and as the iinall-pox, (which many of our crew had not had) raged furiouly in almolt every houfe in Cape Towm Captain Wallis obtained pcrmiflion of tne SjVerflpr, to ere A tents oh a fpacious pUin called Green Mnt, about two miles di(hct from the town, where the invalids weie icnt during the day, and every evening returned to the ihip. At the fame time pbfitive orders were given, that no liquors fliould be fent to the ftiip, or the tents , thdt no one (huuld be permitted to go into the town) and tlut cxthi provifions (houkl be procu^cd for tho(c who weie inoft reduced by fickncts. Much relief was found the very firft day of their be- ing on (hore > on their return in the evening, at fix o'clotk, they fecmed to be greatly ttfreftiedi and a Eneral recovery rapidly took place. Captain Wallia ing himfelf extremely iU, was put on ihote, and car- ried eight iniles up the country, wliere he continued the whole time that the (hip remained here, and when (he was ready for fea he returned on board, but witliout having received the Icaft benefit. Every man who was able to do any kind of duty, was now employed in the necclTajy repairs of the (bipt the fails were all un- bent, the yards and top-niafts ftruck, the forge was fet up, th I ceivii Could fipd no bottom A- M. we carae in fight of Cape Pico, bearineNMl diftant 18 leagues; and at noon, by obfcrvi found Fyal to fie in latitude 38 deg. ao. min. no 1, diftant 18 leagues; and at noon, by obfcrvati found Fyal to fie in latitude 38 deg. ao. min no""' in 28 deg. 30 min. weft longitude fi-om I/)^o„ On Wednefday the 1 ith of May, wefawthts J Bop of war Captain Hammond, in cliacc of a n 1 uch he fired fcveral guns. On this we alfofi,,'!?'''! Sloop which brought her to. She belonged to Liverpool, »« the Jenny, and commanded by Robert Chriftijn r tain Hammond informed us, that when he firft r l (lie was in company with an Iri(h wherry, and'th 1 foon as they difcovcred him, they took different "i. the wherry hauW the wind, and the Jenny bore *'?! At firft he ftood after the wherry, but finding he i,*'^ no ground, he bore away after the Jenny, who prS would likewife have outfajled him, and ofcaped y not brought her to. She was laden with tea, bnind'^ " other gowls, from Rofcoe in France. Her brandy tea were in fmall kegs and bags. Captain Wallu!!3 rained her, in crtler to her being fern to Enolard J : from all appearances, which were ftrnngly ipj^u I*! we judged niifs Jenny to be a fmuggler ; for tho!!i failing a S. W. courfir, ftie pretended to be boul/ Bergrn in Norw.iy. On he 13th, at five o'clock M. the iflands of Scilly appeared i and on Thurfu, . the 19th, Ciptain Wallii landed at Haftings in Soft? jOn the following day this voyage was happily £„ I Dieted, and the cifumnavigation of the globe /uccci fully accomplilhed j for on Friday the 20th, the Dolnul came to an anchor in the Downs, having bfrn 6^1 days from the time that Plymouth Sound. As the main end propofcd by^l : arduous and h.itardou$ undcrtddag was to malcc SI 1 coveries, Captain Wallis, when navijating thofc wmi of the South Sea, which were imjperfcftly known tL] nothing might efcape him, conftantly laid totvm nifcht, and made fail only in the da^i rtotwithlhinfa^ which confiderable delay in fulling, he accomplifhcj^ voyage a month and a day fooner than his prtdccefliif hail done in the fiine circumnavigation. The ill hfM. i which the Captain comiplains of almoft througli thj ; voyage, may fcive as a fufficicnt apokigy for the tan | of a more copious information in his narmtivc, roo, cerning the places which he vifited, particularly On. heite, die Indian name of which he does notnientioR, In the lTi^tio^s of this commander, wc fee littkofthjt watchftil attention, curiofiiy, and artfcnt defirr, to " catch the manners living as they rife," which were polTefled by Caf)tain Carteret, and which ipneirfo eminently confpicuous in Ca|itainCook, wherrverhe it and in what-ycr manner he is engaged j yet in juftict tt the refpe accomuany the Dolphin, ami I'rincc Frederic^ Store-ftiip. The Cap- tain having received hU comroifflon, bcanngdate Julv the ift, 1766. was onlered to fit out the Swallow, which then by at Chatham, with aU pofliWe e«pedition. This lallant officer defcribes emphatically, and in a moft feeling manner, like his prcdcceflbr, Commodore An- f(tn, tKc inattention which wm fliewn to hi» fittin^-out. Ii lud been hinted to him, that he was to go out m the Dolphin, but the amazing difparity of the two (hips, and the diftinguifticd fuperionty in the equipment of one to the other, inducecJ him to conclude, tliat tljcy could not be intended for the fame duty j for whilll the Dolphin was fumilbed widi every thing reouifitc for a long and dangeit»ui navigation, die negleftcU Swallow Sloop had only a fcanty fupply of neceffaries. Be- fidcs, (he was an old vcflrl, having been built \0 years, and was by no means fit for a long voyage. Upon her bottom was only a flight thin Iheadiing, which WM not even fillrd with nails to fupply the want oft covering, that would more cffeiflu.illy keep out the worm. Cap- tain Carteret otfrrvin^ the Swallow to be totally un- provided with many thmgs, which particular fituations might render abfolutely neceflkry for her prefervation, applied for a fotge. fome iron, a fmall fltiff, and fcveral other ihintjs ; not one of wiach ai tides he could obtain , but was told, that the velTel and her equipment were very fit for the fcrvice (he was to perform; though, at the fame time, (he had not a finglc trinket or toy put on board her, to enable her commander to procure rc- frrlhmcnts from liie Indians of the Southern Hemif- phcrc, Add to all this, there was a deficiency of junk on board, an article e(rentially necellary in every voyagei and when application was made for this at Plymouth, the Captain was told, that a fiifHcicnt quantity was put on board the Dolphin. Thus circumllanccd, ic cdnnot be even fuppoied^ that a commander of Cap- uin Carteret's dilcemmcnt, would think of being a confort with the dolphin in her hazardous ex^iedition 1 ami we cannot but credit the declaration of this brave officer, when he tells us, he was dicrefore confirmed in his opinion, diat if the Polphin was to go round the worlu, it could never be intended that the Swallow Ihould go fardier than Falkland's Idands, where the Jafon, a fine frigate, which was, like the Dolphin (heathed with copper, and amply equipped, would, in the Captain's opinion, fupply her pUcc. Nothing can place a commander o( fcaincn in a more refpedtablc point of view, than his appearing to polTcfs equanimity and fortitikle under the mod dilheartcning circum- (lances. Numerous and great as thefe were. Captain Carteret refolvcd to fcrvc bis country in the line of his piofclTion I and theieforc proceeded to Plymouth Sound with the Swallow, in cortipany with the Dolphin, under the command of Captain Wallis, and the Prince Fre- derick Storc-(hip, commanded by Lieutenant James Brinc< ■■• ^^b VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. \ ■■\\\ I- i;< .Hi^il '. " I'. . fe Brine. While the Swallow hy at this place, not being yet acquainttd with his dcoff>biiii eti4 F^eJ&it Surt-Jbip, fram Pfymtmtb Scumi, fH^ /i, , ^guftt 1768 — ^fJP'S* fr'"' fbmtt to the IJland of Madeira — Pncttth m htr vvjap to the Straits bil/l the Jbip iay (^ this ipind— OiJerT;i^ioMi~ She departs from Mapfueroani!!^ ^gnfl, 1768 — ^pMH'f^"^ thence to the IJland of Madeira — Prcctteh m her vojap to the Straits w, and was taken on board, but the relt boldly pulhed through. While Captain Carteret was writing to the conful, enfreating his alTiftance to recover thoft brave but imprudent kUows, whole iofs would have been feverelv felt, he received a mefTage, by which he was informea, that they had been f' nd by the natives naked on (horc ; that they had been takch into cultody, but would be delivered up to his order. A boat wu indantly difpatched to brmg them on board, where they cut a moft ridiculous figure, and fcemed heartily afhamcd of wh.it $iey had done. When otor noble Captain came upon deck, he appeared pkrafeil at feeing the marks of contrition in their countenances, andafked in the mild tone of hun;anity, what could be their reufons and motives for quitting the (hip, and deferting the fcrvice of their country, at the rilli of being de- voured by (harks, or dalhed to pieces by the furf againft the (hore. To this they replied, that though they had indeed, at fuch rifks, ventured to fwim on fhore, yet they had never entertained a thought of de- ferting the (hip, which they were determined to (land by as long as (he could fwim i but that being well afltjred they were going a long voyage, and uonc being able to tell who might live or who might die, they thought it hard to be deprived of ^n opportunity of fpending their own money, and therefore refolved once more to get a (kinful of liquor, and then to hare (Vam back to the (hip, whidt ther expeAed to have done before they were milTed. The Captain having deter- mined fecretly not to inflift the punifhment by which they feemed moft heartily willing to expiate their fault, did not fcrutinize fcvcrely their apology, obfcrvingonly, that with a fkinful of liquor they would have been in a very unfit condition to fwim through the furf to the (hip ; and, hoping they would cxpo& their I'ves only upon more important occafions, and that he (hould in future have no caufe to complain of their condu^, upon thefe condliioni, he would for this time be fatisticd with that (hamc and regret, which he perceived plainly iftiprinted on their countcnancei, and which indicated a proper kuk of their mifhchavicur 1 at the f«mc time, he advifcd them to put on their clothe* and turn in. *'lion)| being cnftfident they Ranted re(V j adding, thatt fwimmers might probably be wanted in the co ^ our voyage, h* was very glad that he knew to , he might apply. Captain Cartaret endeared him? verv much to thefe men by this aft of tendernefs he had fcarcely difmifTed them when he was infi' I'p gratified by the murnuit of fatisfaif^ion which inft • ran through the (hip's company > and th« fiinirt*""' duft of the ofTenuerj amply repaid his *f|| ti*^ "^i leniiy, there being no fervicej during all th< toiisl',, dangers of the voyage, which they did not bctfor ""•'• - rral and afucrity that were much with honour, and our astVantage, as an reft. m, , ^ thtir 1 «XMnpk to t!^ Friday the ( 1th of Septembe^ We failed out of lU road of Madeira j and were now convinced, «« , feot Upon a fcrvice, to which the Swallow aad h** equipment were by no means equal » for diii da> our the place of rendezvous. We contihued oiir vono, without any material incident, till we reached Cm) Virgin Mary, where we faw die Patagoniam, a fiill,^ count of whom has bun given in our oiftoiy of the tim expedition p^ormed by Commodore Byron ag<] Cii,. tain Wallis, in their circuit round the world j jnjj. the particulars in the narrafive before lis are the bat it wfll be needlefs to recite them. With much bbdurl and at no inconfidenible pfk, (for we rouW but ftljoin make the Swallow taeijc, without a boat to tow hrr rotind) «re anchored In Port Famine, on the jSth of December » where we unhung our rudder, and hav ta made it fomewhat broader, we hoped to obtain sn ad vanta|;e in working the fbip, but in this pafoculir »t were entirely difapponweS. A.D 1767 .On'****'*'^'^''^ 7«h of February, afer • ' ' n«vin£j encountered many difficuirfts and dangers, we fteered into Ifland Bay j and « this pbct our commander, in a letter to Captain Wallij, fet fcth in aflTeAing lan^ge, the ill condition of die Swallow, requeuing of him to conftder what was bcii for the king's ferviee whether lh« (Hould be difmiffed, of con- tinue the voyage » to wWch Captain Wallii teturntd for anfwer, that as the t»rds of the Admindty had ordered the Swallow oh thb firvice; in coniunAionwith the Dolphin, he did not think himfcif at hlierty to alter the deftination of the fbrmded only on the fingle opimon of Capoj Wallls, we continued to navigate the ftrait ii, rompanir with the Dolphin j and as our Captain had palTcd it before, we were ordered to keep a- head and to lead the irtift with liberty to anchor and weigh when and where he thought proper^ •• but (to ufe Captain Car- Wret's own words) prtcqvtna, fay* he, diat the bad failing of the Swallow wbukl To much rctanl the Ool- phin, u prolMbly to make her lo(e the feafon forgetting into V. .U .X*-i* Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcries iri the Sou tHekn Ocean, 6ic. vjj hieh fouthern latitudct, and defeat the intention uf "r voyage. ' propofed to Captain Wallii, that he (Kould lay tl>e Swallow up in fome cove or bay, and . 1 (hould attend and aflift him with her boats till ^ (Irait rtiould be paffed, which would probably be • much lefs time than if he continued to be reurdtii bviiiy ll»'Pi *"** ' urged as an additional advantage hat he might complete not only his (lock of provifions dftores, but his company out of her, and then fend k,rb»ck to England, with fuchof his crew as fickntll. hjd rendered unftt for the voyage s propofmg alfo, that my wav home, I would examine the eallern coafl. %iUgoniai <^'' attempt fuch difcovcries as he Ihould think proper. If this was not approved, and my know- ujet of the South Seas was thought ncceffary to die fucccfs of the voyage, I offered to go with him on board ^ Dolphin, and give up the Swallow to be command- tdbyhii tirft lieutenant, whofc duty I would perform during thnb j had ken ulcd to come up with the fugitive, yet Inch | was tlie difuarity of failing between the two (hips, that, i at day-break, the top- fails of the Dolpliin could only Ih* \ fcen above the iioiizonj but we could perceive (he liad \ ftiKidcd-fails fet \ and at nine o'clock ^e entirely lort , light of her, judging (he might be then deaf of the j ftrait's mouth. The Swallow was now under the land ; and in this bad failing, ill provided (hip, having neither . aforge, nor a firigle trinket on board,wa« our ncgleif>e^, but gallant otHcer, tleftincd to proceed over the valt | txpanfe of the great Southern Ocean \ yet amidrt all thcle difcouraging circumflances, no figns of defj.on- dcncy were vifiblc among our people, whom the Cap- tain encouraged by telling them, that though the Dol- phin wa^i the bed (hip, he did not doubt but he (hould find more than equivalent advantages in their courage, ability, and good conduct. Such an afcendcncy over his fcamen, is a plain proof, how much they revered, confided inj and loved him. From thb day, we gave up all hope of feeing our confort again till we (liould arrive in England, no plan of operation having been fettled, nor any place of rendezvous appointed, as had been done from England to the ftrait. A noon, when abreaft of Cape Pillar, a (Irong gale from S. VV. ob- liged ut to ake down our fmall fails, and haul dofe to the wind \ foon after which we had the mortitiottiun to fiml, that when we had made two boards, we coi^d not weather the land on cither tack. The ga! : in- creafed, driving before i'c a hollow fwcU, and a tog came on, with violent rain, whifh compelled us to gtt clofc No. 33. under the fuuth -Ihorc. Wa now fcnt out our bolt in fcarch of Tuefday 's Bay, which is faid by Sir John Nar- boruiigii tu lie about four leagues within the llrait, or to find ouianv other good anchorage. At 'Ivt o'clock, P. M. we could not fee the hind, notwithft nding its moun- tainous hciglit, though within half a m>.'i ot it -, and. ar fix, it was l() dark that wc could not fet half the Ihip's length. Being concerned tor the lafity of our boat, we put out lights, made fall'e tires, and fired a gun every half hour; and at lall the reached the fhip, but hail made no ditcovcry cither of 'I'uclUay 's Bay» or any other anchoring place. During the remainder of the night wc made liiil, endeavouring to keep near tfie fouth (hore. The ner.t day, being the 1 2tlj, as foon as it was light, the boat was fcnt out again to explore the fouth fliorc for an anchoring place ; and at five o'clock, P. M. when we almoft deipaired of her return- ing in time, law her founding a bay,' and flood in after her. The mailer faid, that we might here fafely caft anchor, which we did about fix o'clock, and then the Captain retired to take fome rcll. In a few minutes after, he wa? diflurbed by a univerfal Ihout and tumult among the people upon dc.'!:, and the noife of thofe below running to join them. Wh*n Captain Carteret c.tmc upon deck, tiic general cry was, the Dolphin \ the Dolphin ! in a tranfport of furprize and joy : buf this delufive appearance foon vanithed, and proved to lie only water forced tip, and whirled in tlie air by a gull of winil. The people were for a few minutes dcjeflcd by tlitir diuppointmcnt, but before the Captain went down, he ha! the pleafure t j fee a return of their ufu.»l foititOdc and cherrfulncfs. The little bay where wc 1) )w l.-iy, is about three leagues E. by S. from Cape Fillir, and bears S. by E. four leagues from the iflani ^vhich Sir John Narborougii callcu Weftminfler Hall. i :.e wcflcrn point of this bay has a relembiance to a j.erpcndicular oblong fquare, like the wall of a houfe ; within its entrance are three iHands, and within thefe » very good harbour, with anchorage in between 25 and ,10 fathoms, bottom foft mud. Wc anchored without the iflands, the pafUigc on each fide of them being not more than a cable's length wide. Our fm^U cove is about two cables length broad ; and in the inner part is from if> to liJ fathoms, but where we lay it is deeper. The landing is every where good, with plenty of wood, . water, miifcles, and wild gcefe. As a current fcts continually into it, our C.iptnin is of opinion, that it has nnotiier communic.uion wit!» the lea to the Ibuth of Cape Defcada. Ourm.iftei re[)()rted, that he went up it f(>ur miles in a boat, and could not then be above four inilft from the wtllern ocean, yet he flill faw a wide entrance to tlie S. W. 1 lerc we rode out a very hard gale of winJ, and, the ground being very mieven, we rxprrtevi our cal)lc5 to lie cut in two every minute, yet when We weighed, to our great furprize, they did not appear to have been rubbed in any part, though wc fouml it very difficult to heave them clear of the rocks. Krom the north (hore of the wefterneiKi of the llraitof Magellan, the land, which is the wcllern coail of Pata- gonia, runs nearly N. and S. being a group of broken iflands, among which are thofe laid down by Sharp, by the name of the Duke of York's llland;.. Theyarein- deed placed bv him at a conliderablc diftance from the coaft, hit if tKerc had been many iflaniis in that fitua- tion, the Dolphin, die Tamar, or tlie Swallow, nuifl have fcen them. Till we came into tliis latituil';, we had tolerable weather, and little or no current in any direc- tion, but when northward of 4S dtg. we had a current letting (Irongly to the north, lo that probably we then opened the great bay, which is laid to be 90 leagues deep. Here we fount! a prodigious fwell from the N. W. and the wind* ge/ierally blew from the fame quarter. On Wedncfday the i jth, wc once more got agaia abreaft of Cape Pillar i but between five and fix o'ckick, A. M. juft as we opened Cape Dctead^t, the wind lud- dcnly fliiftiiig, and its cxccfTive violence produced a fca fo dreadfully hollow, that we were in the utmnft danger of linking i vet we lovtld not Jthoxtcn fail, it being neccf'' 4 A (itf jr -'M: ^^f^iii'i \h 11 ,'■' v.-n 13 i i n m 278 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Comp i'HPSiei. fary to carry all we could fptead, for fi-ar of running foul of fome rocky iflands, which, in Narborough's voyage, arc called the Iflands of Direftion : nor could we now go back into the ftrait, without the danger of running foul of a lee-fhore, towards wliicli the (hip fettled very faft, notwithftanding our utmoft efforts. Thus ciicumftanced, we were obliced to Have the water- cafks on and between the decks, in order that Ihe might carry better fail, and by this expedition we efcapea the threatened deftruftion. We now got into the open fea, after a very providential deliverance, for had the wind again (hifted, the Swallow muft have been unavoidably loft. Having got clear of the Strait of Magellan, we fteered to the northward along the coaft of Chili, intending to make the idand of Juan Fer- nandes, or Mafafuero, that we might increafe our Rock of water, which at this time amounted only to between four and five and twenty tons, a quantity not fufHcient for fo long a voyage as was probably before us. On the 1 6th, the wind, which had hitherto been favourable, on a fuddcn (hifted, and continued contrary till Satur- day the iSth. Wc had now (ailed nearly 100 leagues from the ftrait's mouth w!ien or" latitude was 48 dci». J9min. ("outh, and our longitude, by account, 4 dcg. 3.1 min. weft from Cape Pillar. From this time 10 tile 8th ot May, the wind continued unfavourable, and blew an incclfiint ftorni, with fuditen gufts ftill more violent, fctompanied at intervals, with dreadful thun- der, I'ghtning, rain, arel hail. In our palT.ige along this coaft we law abundance of fea birds ; among which were two forts, one like a pigeon of a dark brown colour, called by leamen the Cajie of Good Hope hen, and fometimes the black gull j the other pitado birds, which are prettily ("potted with black and white, and conftantly on the wing j but they appear frequently as if walking on the water, like the peterels ; and fliefc our fuilors call Mother Carey's Chickens. During nine days we experienced- an uninterrupted touric of dan- gers, fatigues and misfortunes. The Swallow worked and failed very ill, the weather was dark and tem- peftuous i and the boats, which the exigencies of the (hip kept.conftantly employed, were in continual djn- ger of being loft, .is well by the gales which bl w con- ftantly, as by the fudden gufts which niftied frequently ujxjnus, v/ith a violcnci- than cDn fcarcrly be conceived : thofe oft" the hnd wur ( heads. 'i"his diftrefs was thr more levere, by its being unexneifted ; for Captain Carteret had experienced vry dilFerent weather in thofe parts, when he accoiiipanied Commo- tl re Byron: it was then the latter end of April when he was near tiiis coaft, fo that tliis change of climate could not be owing to a change o( fcafon. On Friday the ift of May, the wind (hifted from the N. W. to the S. W. and brought the (hip up with her head right againft the vaft fea, which the N. W. wind had raifed; foraboutan hour it blew, ifpoflible, ftronger than ever; and at every pitch the Swallow made, the end of her bowftirit was under water, and the furgc broke over the forecaftle as far aft as the main maft, in the fame manner as it would have broke over a rock, fo that there was the greateft reafon to apprehend (he would founder. With all her defefts we muft acknowledge (he was a good fea boat ; if (he had not been fo, it would have been impolTiblc for her to have outlived this ftorm, in which, as on feveral other occafions, we experienced the benefit of the bulk-heads, which we had fixed on the fore-part of the half deck, and to the after part of the fore-caftle. On the 3rd, at day-break we .Ijund the rudder chain broken, which made m, as we had often done, moft feelingly regret the want of a forge. However wc made the beft (hift wc could i and on the 4th, the weather being more motlcrate, we mended the fails that had been fplit, and repaired otir rigging. On the 5th, a hurricane from the N. by W. and N. N. W. brought us again under our courfes, and the (hip was toflfed about with fuch violence that In this ftorm two of ( we had no command of her chain-plates were broken, and we continued toili'n" a confufed hollow fea till midnight. On the 6tli^ two o'clock, A. M. wc were taken right a-head b " furious fquall at weft, which was very near carrying il by the boarti, before we could get the (hip round! w t this gale wc ftood north, and the carpenters, in ,'|7 forenoon, fixed new chain-plates in the place of ^i r which had been broken j and on this occafion we co° a not refrain from Main lamenting the want of a fo" and iron. We held on our courfe till the 7th, »h^ at eight o'clock, A. M. the wind returned to'itj u quarter, the N. W. attended with unfettled weather On Friday the 8th, the wind having come to rh fouth, we were favoured with a fine day, being the firft we had feen fince we took our departure from th Straits of Magellan. At noon we obferved in latitud! 38 deg. J9 mm. fouth, and were about 5 deg. to ri, weftward of Caue Pillar. On the 9th, wc *ere i*^ fight of the iftanaof Mafafuero > and on the loth midc that of Juan Fernandes. In the afternoon, we faju round the north end of it, and opened Cumberland Bay Wc were furprized, not knowing that the Spaniardj had fortified this idand, to fee a confiderable mimbfr of men about the beach, alfo a houfe and four pieces of cannon near the water fide j and upon the fide of the hill, about jco yards farther from the fea, a fort witk Spanilli colours flying. We faw fcattered round it ami on diftcrent parts of the ifland, more than w houfes, and much cattle feeding on the brow of the hillj which feemrd to be cultivated, many fpots being divided by enclolurcs from the rclt. Wc law alfo two laree boats lying on the beach. The fort, which is fac-'j with ftone, has 18 or 20 embrafures, and within it a long houfe, whicli we fuppofed to be barrack) for the garrifon. The wind blew in fiich violent gufts out of the bay, as to prevent our getting very near it j and, in the Captain's opinion, it is impolTible to work a (hjp into this bay, when the wind blows hard from the fouth. We now ftood to the weftward, and were followed br one of the boars, which put off from the (hore, and rowed towards us ; but (he foon returned, on obferving that the heavy fqualls made us lie at a confiderable dif. titiKe from the land. Having oj)encd weft-bay, weob- iVr'.'ril en the eatf part, wnat we took for a guard- honlr, and two pieces of cannon on carriages near it. We now wore, and ftood again for Cumberland Bav and :I-.c beat aMin put off towards us, but night comiiio on, we loft (i!>ht of her. As we had only Englilh colours on board we hoifled none, as we could not lup. pofe the Spaniards well ilifpofed to receive Knglilh vifitants. Tlius dilappointed of the refrelhments, of which we (food in the moft prefTing need, our Captain thought it more advifeabic to proceed to the neigh- bourini^ iiland of Mafafuero, where we arrived onTutf- day the 1 2th, and on Friday the 1 Jth, chofe our (iation on the eaftern fide, anchoring in the fame place where CommcKlore Bymn lay in the Dolphin, about two years before. On the i6th, we were driven from oiir moor- ings and kept out at lea all night. In the morning the cutter was lent for w.vter, and the (hip got near the ftiore, where (he foon received feveral calks, and dif- !>atchcd the cutter back for more. The long boat was ikewifc appointed to this fervice, as well as to carry provifions to thofe on (hore. In the afternoon the boats being obferved running along the (hore,theftiip followed and took them in, but not without their fuliaining fo much damage by the violence of the fea, tha: the car- penters were obliged to work all night in repairing them. On Sunday the 17 h, the lieutenant, Mr. Krafmus Gower, was lent again with the cutter to procure water, and the fiirf being very great, three of the feamen fwam on (hore with the empty caflcs, in order to fill them, and bring them back to the boat; but the furf foon after rofe fo high, and broke with fuch fury on the fliure, as rendered it utterly impraAicable for them to return. A very dark and tempcftous night fuccetd- cd ; the poor fellows were ftark oaked, and cut off from .J:w, * • ?" ">« 6t/r " »P round' If; Pinter,, ;„ ,? f [;;;^I^cARTERET'« voyage. •^ of procuring afliftance from the boat, which, ^'iboe the fury of a gathering ftorm, was obliged to r mthe Ihip. into which it was fafcly received but """'nute before the impending ftorm rufhed forth, ' ^ch had ftie been upon the water, ftie mull have * ^yitably funl<, and every foul on board perifhed. Ia!" three naiced, defencelefs mariners on ftiore, during W aht wef* doomed to " bide the pelting of the ri"isltorni,"w'thout clothes, widiout Ihclter, without itl and without fire. To augment their didrefs, a was then on ftiore, and had erefted a tent ; but jrknefs of the night, and the impenetrable thi { the woods, cut off all poflibility of receiv n" ,• — .u.rr, Being thus reduced to an entire for making Difcoverics in the Southern OcbAn«&cc. zyg T ;,n«tely placing himleH between tl ^firildawn of light, they made th' I,., in fearch of the tent ; an attt I mr was then on ftiore, and had erefted a tent ; iHirknefs of the night, and the impenetrable thick- of the woods, cu^ off all poflibility of receiving taour from them r of nature, without the habits which render that tofupportable, in order to prefcrvc a Jiving portion rminial heat, they lay one upon another, each man ol , _!.,:»„ hiinfeir between the other two. At eir way along the ,.„ iniwr.... - — •. — attempt to penetrate " 'l, the country being confidercd as fruitlefs. In 1 circuit they were frequently ftopped by high, rteep, I'tr po'""> *'"*^'' *'"y ^"' obliged to fwim round jconliderable diftancej for, if they had not taken a L^cnt compafs, they woukl have been daflied to I |.(ts jgainft the rocks, in avoiding which they were Lv moment in danger of be'.ng devoured by ftiarks. Atwiit ten o'clock in ihe morning they joined their nirJii«s> beiris dmofk periftied with hunger and cold. T,(y were received with the nioft cordial welcome, (j.(if Tiipmates ftiar:ng with them their cloaths and lovifioi' i ""'^ '' '* ^"'^ '° '*y '^^ which they ftootl Lilin need. On the i8th, they were brought on boird the (hip, where the captain gave orders, that they IhuuUhave all proper refrclhmcnts, and remain in their Imimocksthe whole night ; and the next day we had thcplcafure to find they were perfcilly hearty, nor did tfity fuffer any future inconvenience from the extreme hanilliips they had gone through. Tbefe men were [hrec of tlie nine honeft fellows, who had fwain naked from tlif ftiip *'*«" ^^ l*y '" '*** '"""^ o^ Maderia, to get a (kin full of liquor. Than which nothing could pjint more llrongly the general charadler of F.nglilh ulors, wliich nuy perhaps be defined to confift in a contempt ofdonger, a love of ftrong liquor, andagiri, inJ an avorfion in be poflcired of any coin, when ein- bjikcdon a long voyage. This day the weather was r, >.if rate, and in the evening we were within half a nnlc (lithe anchoring groiiml from whence we had been i"rivcn ; but the wind luldenly failing, and a current n..iking againft us, we could not reach it. During the nholf ni"ht wc had a pcrfcft calm, fo that in the rr.or;;;ngof the 19th, we found the current and the iwell hid driven us no leli than nine miles from the lar.d ; but a brctzc Ipringing up,, we kept off and on near the Ihore, and in the interim fent the cutter for water, who IS Ihe ruwed along ihore caught as much fi(h with hook and line ai fcrved all the (hip's company, which was fome alleviation of our difappointment. On Wednelliay the aoih, we happily regained our nation, and came again to an anchor, at two cables length from the beach, in 1 8 fathoms water, and moored with a fmall anchor in fljore. Wc now fent out the long boat, who in a (hort time procured fiih enough to fupply all our company on board. The two follow- ing days wc had exceeding bad weather. In the morn- ing ofthe 2 1 ft, the wind blew with fuch violence along Ihore, that we frequently drove, though we had not lefs than 100 fathoms of^ cable out : however we rode out the ftorm withowt damage, but the rain was fo violent, and the fea ran fo high, that nothing could be done with the boats, which was the more mortifying, as it was for the fake of completing our water, that we had endured almoft inceffant labour, for five days and nights, to regain the fituation in which we now lay. At a Ihort interval, when the wind became more mo* derate, we fent three men alhorct abreaft ofthe fliip, to kill fcals, and to make oil of their fat, for burning in the lyjips and otiicr ufes. On the sid in the morning, the wind blew very harll, as it had done all nighty but, being off the land, we fent the boats awdy at day- break, and about ten o'clock they returned with each of them a load of water, and a great number of pintado birds, or petereis. Thefe were obtained from the peo- ple on Ihore, who told themi that when a gale of wind happened in the night, thefe birds flew fafterinto the fire than they could well take them out; atld that during the gale of laft night, they got no lets than yod of them. Throughout this day the boars were all em- ployad in bringing water on board ; but the furf was fd great that fevcral of the calks were ftaved and loftj however by the ajd, a few only were wanting to com- plete our ftock. The weather now grew fo bad that the Captain was iihpatient to fail : he therefore gave orders for all our people on ftiore to come on board. At this time the Swallow again drove from her moor- ings, dragging the anchor after hir, till ftie got into deep water. We now brought the anchor up, and lay under bare poles, waiting for the boats. In the evening the long boat with ten men were taken on board : but there yet remained the cutter with the lieutenant and 18 men; which brings to our recolle«5lion a very fi- milar fituation, in which thofc on board the Centurion< under Commodore Anfon, were thrown off the Ifland of Tini.in. The weather becoming more moderate about midnight, the Swallow ftocxl in for land; and on the 14th, at ten o'clock, A. M. wc were very near the fhore, but the cutter was not to be feen ; about noon, however, ftie was happily liilcovered clofc under land, and in three hours time we took her crew on board. The Lieutenant reported, that the night before he had iUtcinptcd to Come off, but that he had fcaicely cleared the Ihore, when a fudden guft of wind almoll tilled the bo.it witii water, which narrowly elcaped filling: that all hands bailing witluiic utmoft afliviiv, they fortunately cleared herj that he then made for the land ngain, which with great di/ficulty he regained, and having left a fufiicient number of men with the boat, to watch and keep her free from water, he with the reft of the people went on ftiore. That having paffed the night in a ftate of inexpreffible anxiety and diftrefs, they looked out for the fhip with the firft dawn of day, and feeing nothing of her, concluded that Ihe had foundered in the ftorm, which they had never feen exceeded. They dill not however give way to gloomy rcfleftionsj nor fit down in torpid drfpair, but began immediately i to clear the ground near the beach of bufties and weeds, ' and to cut down fcveral trees, of which they made roller» to affilt them in h.iiiling up the boat on land, in order to lecure her, intcniiine, as tiiey had no hope ofthe (hip's return, to w.iit till tlie lummer feafon, and then attempt to nial;e the illand of Juan Kernandes: but thclc thoughts were loll in their happy deliverance. Having thus once more got our people and boats life on board, we made fail Irom this turbulent climate; and thought ourlelves fortunate not to have left any thing behind except the wood, which had been cut for tiring. It is a common opinion, that upon this coaft the wimls are conftantly t'roiii the foufh to the S. W. though I'Vazicr mentions his having had ftrong gales and high leas from the N. N. W. and N. Weft, quarter, which was unhappily our cafe. The illand of Mafa- fuero, which lies in latitude 32 ^^g- 45 '^'ti. fouth, longitude 80 deg. 46 min. welt from the miridian oi' London, is of a triangular forai, about 2} miles in circumference ; being weft of J u.in I' erna-odes ; both of theiftands are nearly in the fame latitude. Atadif- tancc it has the appearance of a high mountainous rock. The fouth part is much the highcft, and on the north end are feveral clear fjiots, which perhaps might admit of cultivation. On the coaft in many places is good anchorage, particularly on the weft-fide, at about a mile from the ftiore, in 40 fathoms, and at nearly three miles, in 40 and 4J fathonis, with a fine black fand at the bottom. The author of the account of Lord Anion's voyage meiilion* a reef of rocks, which he fays " runt off* the caftcrn point of the ifland, about two miles fr! H („■!■( "1 , ■■ 28o VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Compl « T T.. miles in length, which may be feen by the Tea's break- ing over them," but in this he is miftakrn i though indeed there is a reef of rocks or (hoaJ running off the weftern-fule, near the fouth-er;i thereof. He is not Icfs miftakcn with refped to tiie dillance of this ifland from Juan Fcrnandes, and its direftion, for he mikes the former 22 leagues, and the latter W. by S. but we found the diftance one third more, and the direiflion is due Weft; for, as we have before obfcrvcd, the latitude of botl^iJlands is nearly tlie fame. On the S. W. part of the ifland there is a remarkable perfora- ted rock, which is a good mark to come to an anchor, on the weftern-fide, and here is the bed bank of any about the place. To the northward of the hole in the rock, diftance about amilc and a half, is a low point of land i and from hence runs the above-mentioned reef, in the dire(5lion of W. by S. to the diftance of about three quarters of a mile, where the fea continually breaks upon it. To come to anchor, you muft run in till the hole in the rock is ft Jt in, about a cable's length upon this low point of land then bearing S. byK. halfE. and you may anchor in 20 and 22 f.ithoms, fine black land and (hells. Anciioragc may likcwifc be found on the other fides of the ifland, particularly off the north point, in 14 and 15 fathoms, with fine land. Plenty of wood and water may be procured all round the illand, but not withcnit much labour and difficulty, by reafon of a great quantity of (lones, and l.irge fragments of rocks which have fallen down from the liigh land, and ujjon thefe fuch a violent furf breaks that a boat ca:inot ap- proach fafcly within a cable's length of the Ihore ; fo that there is no landing here but by fwimming from the boat, and then mooring her without the rocks ; n')r is there any method of getting on the wood anil water, but by hauling them to the boat with ropes ; but Cap- tain Carteret obferves there are many places where it W(;uld be very cafy to make a commodious landing by building a temporary wharf, which it would be worth while even for a fuigle ftiip to do, if ftie was to con- tinue any time at the iftand. Here we found the feals fo numerous, that, fays the Captain, 1 verily think, if many thoufandsof them were killed in the night, they would not be miffed in the morning. Thefe animals yielded excellent train oil, and their hearts and plucks are very good eating, being in tafte fomcwhit like thofc of a hog J and their (kins are covered with the finclt fur of the kind. In this iftand are many birds, a.morig others vart numl)ers of pintadocs, and fomc very large hawkes. While the tent was ereded on (hore, a king- filher was caught, which weighed 87 pounds, and was five feet and a half long. Cjoats are to be found in great abutulmce, .and maybe eafily taught. We had not an opportunity to botanize, or ftarch after vegi-ta- bk produr'tions; but wr faw levcral leaves of the moun- tain cabb.ige, which is a proof that tiic trci is a native of this plare. 'i'he iftand is (urroun.ied with abundance of fifti, in fuch plenty, that a boat's crew, with three hooks and lines, may obtain as much in a (hort time as will I'erve 100 people: among others we caught cray-fifti, cod, hallibut,cavalliers,andexccllent coal- filh. The fharks were (o ravenous, that when we were (bund- ing one of them fwallowcd the lead, by v/hith wc hauled him above the water, but as he thendifgorged it, we loft him. So much for this ifland of Mafafucro, of which we have given feveral particular and full accounts in former parts of this work. When we departed from hence, on Sunday the a4th of May, we failed to the north, hoping to fall in with the S. E. trade wind; but having ran farther to the northward than was at firft propofed, wc looked out for the iflands of St. Ambrofe, and St. Felix, or St. Paul, which are laid down in Green's charts, publiflied in the year 175J; but, as was fuppofed, we miffed them by attending to the erroneous pofition which is afcribcd to them in Robinfon's navigation, who has laid down the ifland of St. Ambrofe in 25 deg. jo min. feuth latitude, and in 82 deg. ao min. weft longitude ; but wc might perhaps go too far to the northward, for wc iaw great numbcrt uf birda and &Sh, which are in - itioni of land not far diftant^ W e contim »,<'**" between the latitude of 25 deg. 50 min. » i ^^' and JO ( sintH dications of land not far diftant ing ^ „,^. j„,.„„ in fearch of thofc iftands, rilt we°had proceerf"j '" "' to the weft ward of our departure ; we then diwV ^'^ courfe more to the fouthward, and found ourfel ''"' Utitudeof27deg.2omin. In this parallel wj I".' , airs and foul winds, with a ftrong northerly -■ which led Capuin Carteret to conjefture, tli« ^^'^''f near the land which Roggewein vifited' in ri ' 1-22, and calkd t.aftern Land, and which fom l*"^ fuppofed to be the fame as a difcovery before m 1 Davis, which in the charts is called Davis's La d ' in this conjefture concerning Eaftern Land our '"1 mander has been found to be perfeftiy richt i. r '^""'"f Cook happened to fall in with this fpot inth H 17741 and by the pofition he affigns it, our na/ j appears to have been not more than a dtette fouthward of it. It was now, being June the , 7,1° ^K depth of winter, and we had hard gales with hravvV 1 that frequently brought us under our courfej Ji though we were near the tropic of Capricorn, the Wf «n was dark, hazy, and cold, with frequent thunder 1 • k' ning, fleet, and rain. The fim was above the hi about ten hours in the four and twenty, but nianv^H^^" Were frequently paflcd without feeing his face- IiaT I weather was fo thick, that when he Was below ij l' darknefs w.is incxprellibly horrible i and this drr'lf i gloom in the day deprived us for a confiderable tim ij an opportunity to make an obfervation ; notwithfV,T ing which dangerous rirr umftance wc were oblin \ carry all tlie lail wc could Inrcad both day ane n 1'" as the fliip makinj; way fo (lowly, ami the voyace'l,'' ing ("0 long, wc wtreexpofed to the danger of .tria" ing by famine. '" '"" On Thurlday the andof Julv, in the evenino wnr covered land to the northward of usj which app. J like a great rock rifing out of the fea. h i, fituattd " latitude 25 deg. 2 min. Ibuth, and in Ij^deg n mi'" weft longitude. It is an ifland well covered with ttr and down the fide of it runs a ftream of frt(h wat"* 1 he height of it is (o iminenfe, that we faw it at the dif" tance of more than 1 5 leagues. We jthlge it to be n "r more than five miles in circumference, and Wf con?) perceive no figns of its being inhabited. The CiDta^ was ikfirous ot (inding out a boat to attempt a laiTijn " but the lurf, which, at this feafbn, broke upon it »jf|! great violence, rrndrreil it impradirable. Wc faw ^rc at number of lea binis at Ibmewhat lefs th.'n a mil* Irom the Ihorc, and the fea here feemed not deflitutt of tifh. 1 1 iving ken diftovrred by a fon of Major Pit cairn, wc called it Fitcairn's Ifland. This yoimgcni tlnn.in was afterwards loft in the Aurora, in hertMlfaa to the Kaft Indies i and his faiher, major of the ma- rines fell i;i the aftion of Bunker's Hill, and died ;n thf arms of another of hit (bi«. While in the neith- Ixiurhooii of this ifland, wc feldom had a gale to thf eaftward, (b that wc were prevented from keeping ^ a high Ibuth latitude, and were continual^)- drivino to the northward. The winds chiefly blew from tl^ S. S. W.and W. N. W. and the weather wasextrnnciv tcmpeftuous, with long rolling billows from the fouth' ward, larger ami higher than any we had feen before On the 4th the ftiip admitted a great quantity ofwatrr and was otherwifc in a very crazy comlitiorf, from the rough fcas {he had encountered. Our fails alfo, beine much worn, were continually fplittingj and Our com- Cany who had hitherto enjoyed good health, began to e affliacd with the fciirvy. When the ftiip lay in the Straits of Magellan, Captain Carteret hadcaufcd a fmall awning to be made, and covered it with a clean painted canvafs, which he had for a floor-cloth in his cabin' and in this he caught fo much rain water, at a very little expcncf of trouble and attendance, that the crew were never put to ftiort allowance of this neceffarv article during the voyage. This mvtlmi of obtaimng nin water wc have already pariciilafly defcribcd, and is conttantly pradifed by tlie Spanifh ftiips, which an- nually croli, the South Sea fif mi the Mahilaj to A«- polco, and in their return. Tlie uwhingalfo affatMt fheltcr ''''■'"Cm! &■■''■'• "'J ■'withhSvi j;"fatthfdir: '"J'*^ could T ''f Captai, : Wef,^., srbnainilf :f''<-nitmcof • Maior Pit. '>* the nia- the Kfrpini to tSr from thr 'fftrcmcl, the fourh- fn bf/brc. "fwatrr, r 'romtfie "o. being Our com- • ^gM to l^yinthe ed 3 fmall 1 painted "is cabin; I'f ry little rew were ry article "ing nin l> and is hich an- to Aca- affofdetj flieltcr 4 y. r I I -TVIfi I- I i I b 1 ■!' i''ffl I ii ' h ' •ft'? ' .. m If' r j^.^iri It ()' ^1 ii. (I; ••■n^y,'! 11 i* ■ ill 'rjEI (•!',':" t. . ! , •■ ': I I'jii ' ^ .1 II t m !*• fr« 1 I'. 4^ 1, i-^ m't:i m ■■-.*> s*-V-.ic- , ■;«r-»?ygK-.*-.i.r; ■^j^tmm^-^fmmfmi^'^.i-W' >*^4iBH^'jata3iBT'-'Kg:aag3»rs: *■ ■'^ r. -r. I., > y ' R ■HP 'umI hm ff H Wifl IM 1 Kl l^p «r^^ iffipllfl i « 7^ • ■?■ %: ' ' lA' .:5*- ■1 f .*■><. . I- i . * i ■-■■:. ■ • V ' ' ■'- r i -: - • f- ' * ) -, ir— ■ ■ m Captain CARTERET'4 VQYAGB— *^or makji^ DircoVeries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 281 (litltef from the inclemency of the wewheit The fur- onlikcw'f'^ mixed a fmall quantity of fpirits of vitriol ^th the water, which was thtit preJisrved s and to ihefe ''' juttoi» the Captain imputes the efcape which our, Lfl fo long had from, the (buryy. On .Saturday the ":,(, in latitude n deg. fouth, and longitude 14! deg. ieft 'another fmall, low. Hat ifland was di(covered« which vc ailed the Bifhbp of Ofiuburgh't Ifland, in Ik>nour f his prefeni majefty's ftcond fon i and as Cs4)tain Wallishad given the fame name to another ifland, that nriacc holdi two honorarf ficft m the South Sea. This Im piece of land, whicq appeared to be almoft level with the water's, edge, is well cloatiied with verdure j but being to the feuth, amTdireAly toahe windward of m we couid not fetch it. ■ On Sumiay the 1 ath, we faw two more fmall iflonds, on one of which a boat's crew landed, and found birds fotame, as to be talccn by llie hand. They-wcre both (ovtred with green trees,: but appeared to be uninha* bifcJ. The fouthemioll,'.'W:th which we were xlofe in, is a liip of land in the ferm of a half moon, low, flat, ind fandy. From the footh end thereof a wef runs out to the dillancc of about half a i^ile, whereon tlie fea breaks with great fury. Notwithllanding io plcafant aipeift it alFords neither vegetables nc-r water » and the ume may be faid of thciOther ifland, which is dtftant fjoiii it about five Icae'ies. One of them lies in latitmtc coileg. jK ■nin- fouih, longitude 146 deg. well: the other in io deg. :14 min. fouth, longitude 146 deg. I • min. wort, and we called them the Duke of Glou- ceftcr's lUandi. Ti>ey may be the land fee n, by Quirot, as the litiiation is nearly the lame s but however this be, wc went to the fouthward of it, and the long biibws we had here, convinced us that no land was near us in [hut dirrdliun. CaptUin Carteret was peculiarly un> Ibrtuiwtc in having feen four iflands, not one of which was capable of yielding the teait re&cfiioKnt tu the Ihip's company, in the importanr; articica .of fruit and water I la coniequence of which the men became very fickLr, •ndtheicitrryinade i\«ift progrefs wong there. Tne wiad liere being to the caftward, ve hauled to the fouthward agtin : and on the ijtb, in die evening, ts wt- were ft«ri«g W. S. W. we loll the long rolling biHows in latitud: u deg. 7 min. fouth, and got them ilgain oa the 14th, at fevcn o'clock, A. M. in htittdhe ai deg. 41 min. fouth, lon- gitude 149 deg. 48 min. wvfti from «Nience our Capuin conje^iired, that there was then fontc laiKl, not far off, (0 the Ibuthward. From this day to Tuefday the 1 6th, the winds were variable, and bic'v very hard, with violent gufts, one of which wu very near being fatal to us. Tliefe were trcompiiiued with thick hazy wea- ther, and heavy rain. We were then in i.titude 21 deg. fouth, and in 70 deg. 30 mio. weft ol" our dcpartuiir. After ("orne time the iHnd fettled, in th-? W.S, VV. which drove us again to the northward, fo that on Monday the 20th, wc were in latitude 19 deg. fomh, and in 75 deg. ■^0 min. weft of our departure. On t;hr aaod, we were in latitude 18 dex. lotK i, lon^vttide km Cicg. well orix>ndont and 1 800 lea(|pea wcflward a( the i^untinent of America j yet in all this 'run not any^^tgn^ of a am- tiiKHt were difcovered. And the fcMtvy «*» now daily increafing among our. peopte, and finding ;il osir endea- vours, from the badnefs of the weathei ami the defcfls of the Swallow, to keep in a lii^h fomhcrn latitude, were cffc^hial, Captain Carteret- t'ltrtJght it abfolutcly nrcellkry to tix u|Kin fucha couriras might, tnofl pro- bably tend tu the prafcrvAtion of the veflcl and l>'r crew, ill cunfcauencc of this rrfultttion, inlKad of attempting a S. k. eourlh in which* conlttlering our condition, .-tnd the advanced fcal'ov of the year, it was fcarcrly polfible to fucceed, wc boie away to the north* vt.ird, will) a view of getting a trade .wind t but at (he lame time keeping fuch a tcickyiaji if the (;h.vts !were tube truilcd, was txratl lately .to Wing m to 4bme ifl.inil, whtre refrulbmenlii, »( whi(;h we ftowl lu iiiueh in need, might be obtained'ji wc p«»pofcd theft, if the Ihip could be put i'uo a pri>p<;r condition, M have prr^ ceededac the, proper i«aA>u to the ^Htthward, and to .14. hxvt attempted farther difcoVeries ; and (houid 9 con- ttnent have been difcovered, and a fuppiy of proviflons procured, we, in this cafe, intended to keep along the coaft to the fouthward, till the fun had ctofled the equi- noxial line ; and then, after having got into a high fouthern latitude, to hav« fleered either weft about to the Cape of Good Hope, or returned to the eaflward, and in our way to England, to have touched, if necef- fary, at Falkland's Ifland. Wednefday the 22nd, in latitude 16 deg. fouth, and not before, we found the true trade wind 1 and on Saturday the istW, we had foul weather, hard gales, and a great fea to the eaflward. We were now in latitude 1 2 deg. 1 5 min. fouth, and feeing great flocks of birds, we were inclined to think, that we were near fomc Und, particularly feveral iflands,' one of which was called by Commodore Byron, the ifland of Danger 1 none of which, however, could we iee. On the a6th, in the morning, we wtre in latitude 10 deg. foOth, and in 167 deg. weft longitude. We kept nearly in the fame parallel, hoping to fall in with Solomon's Iflands, this being the latitude in which the fouthermoft of them is laid down. At this time we had a ftrong trade wind, with violent fqualls, and much rain. On Monday the 3rd of Auguft, we were 5 deg. to the wcflward of the fituation of thofc iflands in the charts < and about 2 100 leagues dillant from the con- tinent of America. WiC were this day In latitude 10 deg. t8 min. fouth, and in 177 deg. 30 min. eaft longitude by account t yet it was not our good fortune to fall in with any land ; but probably we might pafs near fome, which the haaincfs of the weather prevented our feeinij; 1 for in this run great numbers oi fca-birds were frequently hovering about the fliips however, obferves Oaptiiin Carteret, •• as Commodore Byron, in his laft voyage failed over the northern limits of that part of the ocean in which the iflands of Solomon are faid to lie, and as I failed over .the foiKhern limia without feeing them, there is great realbn to conclude, thai, if there arc any fuch iflands, their fltuation, in all our charts, is ecroncoufly laid down." This day the Current was obferved to fee flrongly to the fouthward, though it had hitherto, from the Straits of Magellan, ran i'a contrary diredlion, whence we concluded, that the pflage between New Zealand and New Holland opened here in this latitude. The difliculties which our able navigator had to contend with, will appear to have been as gre.it as the beft feamrn and the flrmcft minds were callable of making head againft, from the following defcription which he (jives of his perplexity at this time. " Our ftock o(^ log -lines, t>b^rves the Captain, was now nearly exhaufted, though we had already converted all our fifliing lines to tb" fame ofe. I was for fome time in perplexity how to fuppiy this ' dcfeA i but upon a very diligent enquiry found that wc had, by chance, a very few fathoms of thic k untarred rope. This, which in our fltuation, was an ineftimablc ircafure, I ordered to be untwiflrd ; but as the yarns were found to be too thick for our purpofe, it became neccflfary ro pick them into oakliain -, and when this was done, tlie moft difficult part of the work remained j for this oakham could not be fpun into yarn, till by combing it was brought into hemp, its original (late. This wu not feamcn's work, and if it had, we mould have been at a iofs how to perform it for want of combs, and it was ncceflfiiry to make thefe before wc couU try our flcill in making hem[>. Upon this trying occaflon we were again fenuble of the danger to which we were expofed by whe want of a forge i neccflity, however, the fruitful mother of invention, fuggefted an expedient. The armourer was fet to work to flic nails down to • fmooth point, with which was produced a tolerable fuc- cedaneuin for a comb ; and one of the quarter-maflers was found fulEcicotly fltilied i« the ufe of this inftru- ment to render. the ;oakham fu fmooth and even, that we contrived to fpin it into yarn, at fine as our ^oarle implements would admit I and thus we made .olerable log-liDCs, although we found it much more dtflicultthan to make cordaf^ of our old cable 1, after they had been 4 B converted i!:l ■v-'-i^ 1^ 'm -,'l , II 'is I '4 i 'Wi I'l r I ., M •# 282 VOYAGES R O U N D the W O R L D CoMfLkrr.. f i p w rl- J 1 1 m JBmm H 1 :JH| 1 converted into junk, which was an cxpcdif nt we had been obliged to pradifr long before. We aUb had '» long before iifed all our fowing fail-twine -, and if (kuowing the qiwntity with which I had been fup- plied was altogether inadequate to the wants of fuch a voyaac) I had not taken the whole (quantity that had been put on board to repair the feinc into my own cuftoily, this deficiency might have been fatal to ' us ail. Wc had now failed over upwards of i lo deg. of longitude, in*adull fhattered veffel, that, on account of her bad condition would fcarcely anfwcr the helm, nor had we met with any Ipot of earth which woultl afford us effcduil relief Th« fcurvy continued to make great progrefs ; infomuch, that thofe hands which were not rendered ufelefs by dilcafe, were worn down by cxccf- Jive labour j and, to render our fituation completely dilh-el'sful, on the loth of Auguft, the Swallow fprung a leak in her bows, which beiii^ under water, it was impoflible to come at while we were at ff a. Our fitua- tion was now in the higlicft degree perilous ; bat on Wednefday the i :tli, at break of day, land was dif- covcred, which gave frelh fpirits to pur almoft def- ponding crew, and the tranfport of joy which this prof- ped occalioiicd, may be compared to that which a crimi- nal feel who hears the cry of a reprieve .it the place of ettciition. The Captain counted fcven iftands, am/ we made fail towards two o(i tlicin which were righ: a-head, and '.ay very near together. In the eveirnji we cinie to an aiicho' on the north-call liile of the Jargeil and higliell of them, whereon we faw two of the natives whowe?e negroes, with woolly Iteads, and who were not covcrtd with any kind of cloathing. A boat havinn; been fent on fhore, the two negroes fled, and an account was brought back by our,,":oplc, that there was i fine run of fTt<\^ water oppofite to the (hip, but that it would be difli«.!oit to (end o(F with aflil- tance, in cafe ihey (boitid hare bern rtttuckcd. After onr mrn hid rctiirrted on boon!, ^t (aw three of the ln«1ians w^o (it down on the fhore, "kicking ftrdfal^ly on thf (hip ft)i (everal hours. Tlie lietitrnant was fent lO^he'm in rbe longboat, wiih *' (few trinkets, to tn- deavf'Mir ro ttt.ibliih lone kind of intercoupfe, by their tneon'j w ith the reft of the natives j but win n the thre« men faUr the boat approachin(y, they quitted th,;. ftation, and moved aloog the coaft, where thev » joined by three others. When they had confervH 1" gcther, the former «ien: om while the latter advi«r..j haftily towaMs the boat This beintt obfervo,! r rk».n,;r. . » r.„„.i i. «... .1.- 7 ""''^'«u from thefhip,! a fignal was made for tkc lieutenant with cawioo, who, feeiitg only three it>en of the nativ.V backed ►he boat into Ihore and ofJired them fo prefents as tokens of friendfhip, at the fame time c" cealing ca';;fully their arms. The Indians remr.li.",- lu- 1 ^ ^ . B"""CIS of the beads and ribbands^ advanced irfolutelv l! then difcharged their arrows^ which went over T boat without doing any mifchicf ; upon which thev t^ away inftantly into the wooA, and our people fired ' their turn, without doing any execution, not one at them being wounded by the fhot. : In s (hort ti,n after this the cutter came under the Ihip', fij^ ?* malUr who commanded her havihg three arrows fti^kin in his body. We necked no odier proof to convin us he had adlod contrary to the Captain's ordcrt m appeared fully from Uis own i«port, which vui, fubltancc, as ibUows : He fiid, that having feci, fome Indian houies, but only a few of dw natives, .it aplar! Pbout 14 miles to the weftward of die fhip, he canie to a gra|jpling, and veered dw boK to a beach, where he landed with four men, arnaed with mufiquets and pif tols : that the Indians, at firft, were afraid of him and retired, but that foon after they came down to him and lie gave them a few trifles, with which they f^f ,njj to be much plcafed : that in return they brouglu Mm » broiled ti(h, and fome broiled yams: that, ehcouracfd by thefe appearances of hofpiuUty, he proceeded with his party to the houfes, which were not more tl;an 2C -ards from the water-fide, and foon after f:w a Rrcjr number of canoes coming round the weftern pout of the bay, ami many Indians ainot^ the tre^s -. ti^t jj^ j^u ibmcwhat alamicd at their niotiom, he left haftily the houfc where he had been cntertaiiKd, and maitc tlie bcft of his way towardi the faoat« but that before he comU embark, a general attacki was roade, with bows and arrows, as well on thofe in the. boat, as on thofe tspon the (kore. Their mtmber, according to his ac- count, was between three apd four hundred : their weapons were bows and arrow* j the bows were fw fc« five inches king, and the arrows four feet four, which, he faid, they difcharged in pkuons^ asrvgularly asthe beft difciplined troops in England t that, being thus jt- ucked, his party found it necrffary to fire upon the Indians, which diey did repeatedly, killing fome, and wounding many niore : ftiU however they were notdii- couraged ; but maintained the fight, pre (Ting forwanl, and difchargins their arrows in almolt one continufii Oight : that when our people arrived .it the boat, » elay was occafioned in Ivuiiing her oft", by the grap- pling being foul s during which time, he, and half of bis crew were del'perately wounded: that at Isll they cut the rope, and ran oft" under their frirc- fail, ftill keep- ing up their fire with blunderbulTes loailcd with eight or ten balls, which the enemy returned with a (liowrr of arrows, and waded a^ter diem breaft-high into the fca: when they got cWar of ihele afTailants, the canots purfued them with great vigour, nor would they retreat till one of them was funk, and maov of the people in the others were killed. This is the account o( the mafter, which, it is Kafonabit to fnppofe, was si fa- vourable to himfelf as he conk) make it. This ra(h man, with three of our beft hands, died fome time afterwards of the wound* ihry bad received, it apfieared from the evidence of the furvivuis, that the Indians behaved with the greatef\ confidince and friendfhip, until the mafter arrogantly ordered the peo- ple who were with him, and who hxl br«n geneioufly entertained, to cut down a cocoa-^ree: and even prr- lifted in that order, nolwith (landing the natives dif- covered (hong marks of dilpleafurc. The Indians herrtipon withdrew, and muftering their whole furcr, proved by their manner of attack, that their courajjc vim equal to their hofpimlity. /fwr rh'l dit'alffr, Cnptaiii Carteret ilrofp«i all thoughtt.«f nmoving to a more .quitted th,. '•e'e they w., "tenant to Jd "»plc fired i„ ' T *"" of * ""on till,. I'P'* fide." ^ l" convince ". * P^'lfrt, a, '"8 fren fortie 7"-" » place '^''' ''^•''erehe "«; and pjf. 1^ '»"'"". and ''"^V fermed ' "'Ofe than "" point of ;■ '''« ijfinR t haftily ,h= " macte |U « before he With bow, I" «n thofe 5 to hij 3f . <«*'! their •«W fi» feet our, which, J«rly«the '"Stilus at. e upon the fonte, and ■tenotdif. g f'Tward, continued ^f boat, a the grjp. Ill half of lilf thrv ftill keep' 'ith eight a fljoufr into the ^e canoes ty retreat people in 't of the ns ai fa- 'his ndh nic time mi, Jt •IS, that nee and Ac pet), icroufly f 11 prr- 'cs dif. Indians Torcr, ourajic iCa/fer. ing to "lore C.wf *' CARTERET'S VOYAGE-^or making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 283 Captain more cligit>le harbour, but he determined to try \-- could be done towards putiing the ftiip in a Utlter condition, while we continued in our prcfent "^Accordingly. Friday the 14th, flie was brought down , Lj ftern, and means were found by our carpenter, I only one of the whole crew in tolerable health, to educe tlie leak, though he could noi: quite ftop it. I I the afternoon the Swallow rode wtth her ftern very tlie Ihore i and we obferved fcveral of the natives Ihiikin" among the trees upon the beach, watching our motions". On the 1 5th, in tlie mornnig, the weather b-ina line, the flup was veered dole infliore, upon which, havinc;a fpring upon our cable, we brought her broadfide to "bear. It was now become ablolutcly ne- dl'-rv for the prefcrvatioi^of all on board, that water n 'y'be procured ; but the only fpring that had been fecii on the illand was fkirtcd with a thick impenetra- ble wood, from whence the Indians could difcharge their arrows impcrccived j the Captain was thcref'.rc rfiiuced to the painful neceffity of driving them from that lurking-place, by difcharging the (hip's guns,which cauled the lives of many ot the natives to be facri- ficedi for at tiie tiuic tlie people were at the watering- place', their ears were ail'ailed by dreadful groans from diftcr'ent parts of the woml. like thofe of dying men. Captain Cartartt had king been ill of an inflammatory and bilious diforder, of a nature limilar to that which liail leized Captain VVallis j yet, hitherto, he had been able to keep the deck ; but this day the fympioms be- ciiie lb violent as to compel him to take to his bed, to which he was confined {o\ I'oiue time afterw.irds. To .vmravite our misfortunes, tlie maftcr of the Swallow wat dying of his wounds i Mr. Gower, our Iteuwnant, wa^ v. Uftder thclb circumaan:e», whereby our people were greaily dif- pirited, our commander was obliged 10 lay afide all ihuliglits of profecuiing tlie voyage farther to tlie fouth- ward° which th.e Captain intcndtd, as foon as the proper leafbn fhouUl retnrn. On Monday the lyth, iiicufore, we weighed, having called this place Eg- mont b Ifland, in homuii of a nobU earl of that name i but C![.tain Carteret, in his chart, hai calh-U this itland Nr\V C.uernfiv, of which he was a native. In hit opinion it ia the fame as that to which the Spaniards u.ive the name of Santa Cruz. The place in which we Liv W.1S c.-'lled Swallow Bay i the eafternmoft jxjint thcreol Swallow Point ; the wcftermoft, llanway'sl'oint. The N.L-.. promontory of the illand was named Cape By- ron. From Swallow Toint to Cape Byron is about 7 miles E. :;nd from 1 Unway's Point to Cape Byron is about lo miles. Between Swallow Point i\\<\ Hanway's Point, in the boitcm of the bay is a third point, a little to the we (i- ward of which we found the beft anchoring- place, but it is iicceflarv to give ic birth, the ground near it being Ihoallv. When we by at anchor in this bay, .Swallow Point' bore F,. by N. and Hanway's Point W. N. W. From hence a reef runs, whereon the lea breaks very high: the outer part of this reef bears N. W. by W; and an ifl.wd which has the appearance of a volcano, was fern ;uft over the bitakcrs. A little beyond Hart- way' Pijint is a finall Village, which (^ai^ds upon the Iptii.h, furroundtd with cocoa-nut frees, ttlifs in a OJy iKiwecn Hanway's Poiitt ami another, Which we ciifl' li Mowc's Point i the difVancc (Vom the former to flie latter i.i about five miles. NX'e foimd dole to the (lioie JO fathoms water, but in crofling the bay, at the cViJlaiicc of two fiiilcs, wc !i»d no bottoin. Hryohtt Howe's Point, mother harbour opens, which liaJ the appearance of a deep lagoon, this we called Carlifle Harbour. Over againft its entrance, and north of the coafV, a fmalf ifland was difcovered, which we named Portland's Ifland. A reef of rocks runs on the weft fide of this to the main i and the palfagc into the har- bour is on the eaft-fide of it, running in and out E. N. E. and W. S. W. its width is two cables length, and it has eight fathoms water. The harbsur may be a commodious one, but a fhip muft be warped both in and out, and would be in danger if attacked by the natives, who are bold even to temerity, and have a perfevcrance, not comihon among rude lavages. Weft of Portland's Ifland, is a fine fmall round harbour, juft big enough to receive three veflels, which was named Byron's Harbour. Our boat having entered it, found two runs of water, one frefli and the other fait j fioin obferving the latter we judged it had a communication •• with Carlifle Harbour. Having proceeded about three leagues from where the Swallow lay at anchor, we opened the bay where the cutter had been attacked by the Indians, which we called for that reafon Bloody Bay. Here is a rivulet of frelh water, and many houfes regularly built. Near the water-fide ftood one neatly built and thatched ; it fcemed to be a kind of coimcil- room, or ftate-houfe, and was uiuch longer than any of the reft. In this the mafter and his party had been courteoufly received by the natives, before the wantort cutting down of the cocoa- nut iree. Wc were informed by thofe of our people who had been received here, that a large number of arrows were hung in bnndles round the room, the floor and fides of which wcie covered with matting. In »lie neighbourhood of this place, they faid, were many plantations enclofcd by ftonc-walls and planted with fruit trees j the cocoa-nut trees we could difcern from the (hip, in great numbers, among the houlcs of the village. Three miles weftward of this* we ("aw another village of confiderable extent, in the front whereof, towards the ("ca, was an angular kind of breaft-work, of ftone, and near five feet high* Three miles from hence, as we proceeded weftward, a bay was difcovered, into which a river en>pties itl'elf. It appeared, when viewed from the niaft head, to run very far into the country, and we called it Gran- ville's River. Weftward of it is a point, which wc named Ferrer's Point ) from whence the la.^d forms a large bay, near which is a town of great extent that teemed to fwarin like a beehive. While the (hip failed by, an incredible number of the inhabitants came forth from their hou(i"s, holding fomething like a wilp> of gralk in their hands, with which they appeared to ftroke each other, at the lame time dancing, or running in rings. Sailing on about fcvcn miles to the weftward, we ("aw anuthrr wint, on which was a large canoe, with an awning over it. To this we gave the name of Cape Carteret. From this a reef of t.ieks, that appears above water, runs out to the diftance of about a cable's length. At a linall diftance was another village, (brti- fied as that before mentioned, Tlie inhabitants of this place like wile danced as the others had done; after which many of them launched th^ir canoes and made towards the fhip : upon which we lay to, that they might have time to come up \ but when they approached near enough to have a diftinft vi .( 1 ■'h-it' m- m \ .1 'i( li li m ■ ■i i I'l 1 284 VOYAGES ROUND the WO R L D Gomplete. ' , peared to be one continued town, and the inhabitants ' were innumerable. We found in this entrance a bottom of coral rock, with very irregular foun'dings. The natives no fooner obfcrved that the boat had left tlie fliipt than they frnc off feveral armed canoes, who advanced to attack her. The firft that came within bow-lhot difcharged her arrows at ouf people, who, being pre- pared, fired a volley, by which one cf the Indians was killed, and another wounded. We fired at the fame time from the (liip, a great gun loaded with grape (hot, on which all the canoes pulled hard for the (hnre, except the one with the wounded man, who being brought to the (hip, the furgcon was ordered to examine his wounds, one (hot had gone through his head, and one of his arms was broke by another. The furgeon was of opinion, that the former wound w.is mortal, in confequence of this he was put again into his canoe, and, notwithftand- ing his condition, he with one hand paddled away to- wards the Ihore. He was a young fellow, almoft as black as a negro of Guinea, with a woolly head j of a common ftature, well featured, and, like the reft of the people wc had feen upon this ifland, quite naked. His canoe had an out-rigger, without a fail, but in work- manlhip it was very rude, being nothing more than part of the trunk of a tree made hollow. We were now at the wcftern extremity of the ifland j and the diftance between thai; and the caftern extremity is 30 miles due E. and W. A ftrong current fell wcftward along the Ihore. The natives of Egmont Ifland are extremely nimble, active, and vigouro'js i and fcem to be almolt equally qualified to live in the water as upon land, for they were in and out of their canoes every minute. Their common canoes arc capable of carrying about a dozen men, though three or four manage them with amazing dexterity. The men have a dar>ng fortitude, which proves them to be defcended from ^.tcfame ftock as thoi'e who now inhabit the Phillipine Ifles, lying about 45 degrees more to the wcftward, whofe contempt of deatii was really aftonilhing when the city of Manilla was defended againft the Englifh, under the command of Sir William Draper. As we failed along (hore, to raifc our mortification to the higheft pitch, hogs and poultry were feen in great abundance, with cocoa-nut trees, plantains^ bananas, and a variety of vegetable produdions, which would foon have reftorcd to us the health and vigour we had loft, by the hardlhips of a long voyage : but no friendly intrrcourfe with the natives could now be cxpcAed, and we were not in a fituation to obtain what we wanted by force : beftdes, great part of tiie crew were difabled by ficknefs, and the reft were much drprefTcd in their fpirits, by a continual fucce(rion of difappointments and Vexations i and if the men had been in health, we had not oiHcers to lead them on, or dire^ them in any enterprizc, nor even to fupcrintend the duties that were to be performed on board the (hip ; for even the Can tain himfelf was ftill confined to his bed, dangerouflv m Thus fituated, unable to proceed farther to the fouth and in danger of being too late for the monfoon he gave immediate orders for fteering north-weftwarH with a view to fall in with the land which Dampier ha; diftinguifhed by the name of Nova Britannia, and which was now dt(hint abotK 12 deg. of longitude. In qui diftrefsful fituation, it couM not be expeftcd, that Can. tain Carteret (hould examine all the iflands we couched at J curioTity muft yield to the inftin£tive principit of felf-prefcrvation 1 but we gave particular namei to feveral of thofe we approached : and to the whole ciuf- tor we gave the general name of Queen Charlotte's Iflands. To the fouthermoft of the two, which when we firft difcovered land were right a-head, the name tm given of Lord Howe's Ifland, md the other was Egmont Ifland, of which we have already given a particularac count. The latitude of Lord Howe's Ifland is 1 1 detr' 10 niin. fouth ; lojigitude 164 deg. ■'Vj min. ea(V. The ' N. E. po" latitude of Cape Byron, the point of hgniont Ifland, is 10 deg. 40 min. fouth i longitude 164 de^. 40, min. eaft. T'.;^f two iflands lie exafbly in a line with each other, about N. by W. and S. by li. and including the pnfTage between them^ extend 1 1 leagues ; the paf. fage is very broad. Both of them appear to be fertile, have a pleafant appearance, and are covered with tali trees of^a beautiful rerdurc. Lord Howe's Ifljnd, whicli is more upon a level than the other, isneverchelcr$high land. From Cape Bjrron, diftant i j leagues W. N. W. half N. by compafs, u an ifland of a ftupendous height, and in the figure of a cone. Its top is ' fliaped like a funnel, from ilrhence fmoke iflfues, but we faw no flame; we thought if, however to be a volcano, and therefore called it Volcano Ifland. To a k>ng flat iflaiid, that, when Howe's and Egmoot's KUnd were right a-hcad[ bore N. W. we gave the name of Keppel's Ifland. h it fituated in latitude 10 deg. if min. louth t longitude, by our accounti 165 deg. 4 mm. eait. We difcovered two others to the S. E. "The largeft w« named Lonl Edgcumb'i Ifland, and the ftnaller Gurry's Ifland. The former, which hu a fine appearance, lies in latitude 1 1 deg. 10 min. fouth 1 longitude 165 deg. 14 min. eaft, ute latter is in latitude udM. 10 min. Ibuth; longitdue 165 deg. i^min. Kaft. ^mont Ilknd, ir. general, is voody aiid mounuinous, mtermixed with many beautifiil' valleys. Several fmall rivers flow from the interior parts of the country into the fea, and we have mentioned many harbours upon the coail. The inhabkatKs, whom we have particularly dcfcribed, do execution at an incredible difbnce with their arrows. One of them went through the boat's wafti- board, and dangeroufly wounded • midlhipman in the thigh. I'hry were pointed with flint, and we Diw among them no figns of any metal. H' .. C H A iP. 11. ne Swallow dtparis from f^uetn Charlolle's Iflands— Her run to Ntva Britmnia-'Olbtr {fiandt di/ctvtriJ, wiib a deJiriptitH of tbtm, and iheir inbaiitanis — Nn/a Brilannia ftund tt b< tw» ijlandj, with a Jlrait bttvietn tbm— Several fmtill iflauds difctvtrtd in the ftrait, with an stcount of the land »hJ nativu tn each Jide—Tbe Swalkw ■ exltrj i'/, George' J Cbantiel—Pajfagefrnu thence It the iflnnd af MindanM—/i deJtriftuM of many iflands that nm '■ fien 4-imidents in Ibis (our/e — ^geographical account ^ the toafl ej MimUnao, and the iflands near it—Error i of '• tft ivigators correHed — The Stualhtu continues her veyage from Mindanao tt the ifland of Celebes— .1 par- tU f.'efcripiioH of tbeflrait of Macajar — Tranfaffitns iubile the Swalhw lay off the Itvfii. TUb AY the iSthof Auguft, we took our de- parture from Egmont Ifland, one of the clufter of ifland-*eftw,rd, ."ampler ha, '*' "Id which •Jf. In ou, "• that Cap- we touched principle of " "'mes to ' whole duf- Chirlotte's .which when tne name wa» w'JEgmont 'articular ac ^^ 's n dec ■»• "ft. The « tgniont '64% 49. > a Imc with nd including cs ; the pjf, be fertile, «• with tall C'APTAI ii ^i i! ' ks4i\'N': *,.vjMi.,.*^wk Captain CARTERETs VOYAGE— for making Difijoverics in theSpuxHERN Ocean, &c. 285 hich has a l"fty appearance, we gavo the name of C rtfret's Ifland. From Gower's, the eaft end bear* uth, ai'l ''"^ iliftance between them is nearly 1 1 1" ues Carteret's Id.ind is in latitude 8 deg. 26 min. tah; longittKls '59 «'«S- 14 min. eaft, and its Irngth toW. is «8 niiks. As botli thefe iflands were v.inwaril (if us, we failed again to Gower's whiihabo'" .OS with fine trees, many of them of nut k. id. Merc a canoe wai feized, the laving attempted to cut off the lliip's boat: troiii t |.) the IiLinJ, ilir ciH-dii native u) It *<: toiimi about 100 cocoa-nuts, which were very jccfPtablc. I'lic cant^e *"» l-»'"gc enough to carry ixn, and was very neatly built, with planks well ■ neJ- ' It was adorned with (hell-work, ami liaures nidtlVp.>in'«'^'> *"'' '"^"^ fcamswere covcrt-d with a fub- rtance Ibm-jwhat like our black putty. With re fpcdt toitsfuf, it was much larger than any one we had feen ,t Koniont in.tnd. The appcarahoe of thefc Indians, jnd tlifir amis, were much the fame as thofc that had [ynn iren •""'"'^ *<' '^"^ eaftward, only fpears m.ide an addition to their weapons. By Ibme figns which thry iiwle, pointing to our mufquets, we concluded they vierc (wt wholly unacquainted with fire-arms. We faw Ijmc turtle nur the beach, but were not fortunate fiioii^li to take any of th«m; but the cocoa-nuts we got htrr, anit at l'."mr)nt IflAnd, were of inexpreflible fcr- vlcc'to tlic lick. As from the time of our Iciving p^niont Idind we had a current fetting ftrongly 'o the loutliwarJ, and finding, in the ncij^hbourliood of thefe iiland'. its forre greatjy increafetl, we now ftcercd a nortli-wfllerly courfe, fearii>g we might othcrwile fall in witli the main land too liir to the fouthward ( and iIk bill comlition of the ftiip, and ficknels of the crew, would have rendered it impoflTible for us ever to have Rijt to lia again, if we had been driven into any pulpii or deep biy.' On the i^nd, as wc weri continuing our courle with a frefh gale. Patrick Dwycr, a marine, who WIS doin<< fofnething over tJie Ihlp's quarter, by fomc .uxidcnt fell into riw: (»•« 1 *< iimwdiatcly threw o> -Tboard the canoe we had made « priac of at Gower's Illind, brought the (hip to, and hoilted out the cutte,-, but the unfortunate man, though Itrong and healthy, liink at once, and was drowned, notwithftanding all nur efforts to five him. 'I'he cahoc we were obliged to cat up, (hi having received much <1amage by ftriking ai^ainftone of the guns as our people vrtrc hoifting her ovtrboard. On Momlay the J4th, we fell in with 'nine iflands, (IffCihingN. W. and S. E. about 15 leagues, and lyin;; in Utiuiile 4 de^. .16 min. fituh 1 longitutte 1 54 deg. 17 min. ealV. Ihcle Capt.-iin Carteret fupnofes to be the Ciine which Were (ere \i mWch land not yet known in tliis^ iwrt of the ocean. One ot^tli^le lllands is of con- lidendile extent : the tillier eight Hre little better than hte^ rack«i biir,' «hmigh lo*^ and4l«t> they are covered witli wood, ami abdiind with inhaWtiints. We (\cered to the nnrthw!«rdv none of the natives. Wc called this flat, green i(1e, ^W Charici HarHy't Ifland. It is fituated III latitude 4 de<». 5o1Hih.' ;f. VV'e now coalled along the iflands, to which we gave the general iian.e of the Admiralty Ifland.-i. They have a beautiful appearance, being covered with woods, groves of irocoa-nut trees and the houfesoftlie natives. The largifl we computed to be about 50 miles in Iciijni'i -, and they produce many valuable arii- rles, particularly fpictji. J^Ve dilcovertd two fmall ver- dant illands, on Satun^^the I9tli, which were called Duroiir's Illand and Matty's Ifland, the inhabitants of which l.iil ran along the coall with liglits. liurij^ig ihc. k : )<' (•rr-^'i/ I'.'.Uiqf^iV't 1^ night. We had light of other two fmall iflanj, 14th, which were called Stephens's Iflands, and wh' k abounded with beautiful trees. We faw alfo ^ Iflands on Friday the 25th, in the evening, when h* natives came ofl' in caniKS, and went on board the Hi' They bartered cotT)a-nuts for fome bits of iron ■ 1! which metal they did not feem unacquainted, and*' pcared extravagantly fond of it. They called it parra*''" and hinted that a fliip fometimcs touched at th""' iflands. Thefe people were of the copper cjj/" and had fine black hair j but their beards wrie v" ' fmall, as they were continually plucking the h»ir fm ' their faces. Their teeth were even and white 1 their countenances very agreeable. They wtrr lo tremely adive that they ran up to the mall-head quid* than the failors. livery thing that was given tht*^' they ate and drank with freedom, and fecmcd to hiv" no fort of rcferve in their behavioi-r. A piece of fi ' matting wrapped round their waifts, conllituted th whole of their drcis, and good nature appeared to be the only rule of their aftions. The current cariying the (hip (wiftly along, the Captain had not the opLr tunity of landing ; and was therefore obliged to rcfufr graiilying thefe friendly people in that particular though they vety readily offered that fome of thcij people fhould remain as hotUges lor the lafc return 1,1 any of the offieers or fliip's company who Ihould tliuil to go on (hore. Finding that their offer was not jc cepted, one of the Indians abfolutcly refjufed to quit the ftiip : he was carried in coafcqucnce, as far as thf ifland of Celebes, where he died. This man ^^^ named Jufcph Freewill, and We called the largcft of the ides. Freewill Ifland, (by the natives called IVgsn.) The names of the two other I(*'i,Kis were Onata imj Onello. An ifland was difcovered from the mail heaJ is^c held on our courfe, on Monday the 28ih, in the even- ing, but we neither landed tlicre nor gave it a nanx:. Monday, the lath of Oftober, we faw a fmall iflc which we named Current Ifland, from the great llrength of the foutherly current in thofe parts > and the next day two iflands were difcovercd, to which wc gave the name of St. Andrew's Ifland. The next land apiicared to be Mindanao, along the S. E. part of which we eoaAed feeking for a bay which Dampier had dcfcribed 1 but this wc could not find. The boat, however, founj « little creel at the fouthern extremity of the illr, ntar which a town and fort were feen. The people having defcried the boat from the fliore, a gun wis li.cd, and feveral canoes came off after it. The lieutenant there- fore retreated towards the ftiip, which when the canms Uifcovcreii, thfy rctiretl «i|d made towards the Ihore. Wc now flood to the eaftwaid, and on Noonday the 2d of November, anchored in a bay near the fhorc, whither the boats were dilpatched to take in water. No figns appeared of that part of the ifland being inhabited : a canoe however came round a point, leciiiingiy witti a view of obfcrving ut, which rowed back again, afirt having taking a fufvey of the veflel. . In the night, a great noife wai. heard on the (hur«, .foawwliat Ukc iltc war - fong ur the Americans. The .({aptaia dicrcfore made proper preparatioiui to defend hiiiifclf in cafe hoflilities Ihould be coniincnced on the part of ihr iflanders. One of the boats was fcnt on Ihoie for water the next morning, and Ihc other was ordered to hold herlelf in readincf», in cafe her affiftancc Ihould be neceflary. The crew had no fooner landed than feveral armed men came forward from the wouds, and one of them held up Ibmcthing white, which being con- flrued as a Hen of amity, the Captain having no wiiite flag on board, determined to fend the licuteiiint witli a table cloth in order to anfwcr the token of peacf. For the prefent this had the defircd clFcct. Two In- dians, who I'poke bod Dutch and Spaniili, havini^ at laft made themfclvcs underflood by the oiHccr, in the latter language, made feveral inquiries which cliietiy turned upon defiring to be informed, whether the flMp belonged to the flatcs'of Holland, and whether iiie was bpvnd (o Batavia or dfewherc. He alfo w.iiited to 'i;Srr?'^ know 1,M' .u.vkiM**» .^^^'^■, =^ CaptI knowv* ofgiw J [larticiilal fome arni lieutenanil he convel When th(| thinking (fpeciallyl while he hundreds their targ Jtfiance, ind arrow hoftile ap fiblc, to i ind fof diri'i''y •, approac^: one ol t'l ftooil, bil fummonsj arrows ofj nere Dui fliore, to I the difpol C\pTAiN CARTERET'S VOYAGJ for making Difcovcries in the Southern Ockan,*cc. 287 k ow whrther (he was a (hip of war, and what number fawM (he carried. Having been refolved as to thcfe Lticiilars, he faid they might proceed tO the town j fome armed Indians were ordereo 10 retreat, and the ieutcnant prelented .1 filk handkerchief to the perfon he convf rled with, receiving a neckcloth in return. Whfn the Captain heard this, he was highly pleafed, thinking that all matters were now in a proper train, (fpeciaily as he had received a lupply of water : but while he was enjoying this profpcft, he perceived fome hundreds of armed Indians on the (bore, who held up their targets, add brandi(hed their fwords, by way of defiance, and at the fame time difchirgcd their lances anJ arrows towards the vclTcl. Notwithftanding this hoftile appearance, the Captain was ftill willing, ifpof- fible, to avoid coming to extremities with the iflanders, anti for tiiar purpofe, fent the lieutenant on (horc to difpliy ag'in the former fign of peace.' As the boat approached the (hore, but without landing her men, one of the natives beckoned them to come where he ftood, but the lieutenant did not chufe to obey this fummons, left he (hould come within ffach of the arrows of the iflanders. He now concluded that there vete Dutchmen or people in the Dutch intereft on fliore, to whofe interfi-rence this apparent alteration in thediVpofition of the natives was owing, and who had irritated the natives againft tl»c Swallow's crew, on bc- ini7 informed that fhc was an Englilh veffel. Captain Crrtf ret however failed from this place, which he called Pfctitful Bay, with a full intention to vifit the town ; but foon after the wiml blowing violently in (hore, he alrered his rcfolution, and (leered dircftly for Batavia, which was probably the bcft courfc he could have taken in furh a critical fituation. On Saturday the 14th of November, we reached the (Irait of Macaflar, which ftrait lies between the iflands of Celebes and Borneo. To a point of the former, we at this time gave the name of Hurmock Point j and to the weftward of this point wc difcovered a great many boats ftlhiog upon the (hoals. On the a ift, we were in fight of two very (mall iflands, which were covered with verdure, and Captain Carteret fuppofed them to be the Taba Iflcs, mentioned in the French charts. Wc croffed the equinoctial line, and came into fouthem latitude, on Sunday the ;«h 1 the tornadoes becoming violent, and the current letting againft us. Death had now diminilhed the crew, and ficknefs was daily weaken- in* the remainder. We had fight of the Little Pater- Noftcrs (iflands (o called) wiiiv.li are ficuatc iomething more thnn two degrees to tlic fouthwarJ of the equi- noctial line, but the winds and currents would not fuffer u5 u that lime to land for any refrclhment. At this rime the whole crew were alike alHidcd with the fcurvyj and what was very di(l:re(ring wr were attacked foon after in the night ty a piratical velTcl, which had Ixren iicn the evening before. She engaged us with (wivcl guns and fnull arms : but though we could not fee the enemy, wc returnlcd her lire fo warmly that we fent her to the bottom, and all her crew pcnfhed. As to the Swallow flie received fome ("mail damage, and had two ptrkms wounded on board. The vcUcl that flie funk bclon!»ed to a pirate who had no lefs than thirty of them cn^iiged in the bufinefs of plunder, whicli conllantly infflted thefe feas. Ihc difealcs of our men now daily increafed. By the )2tli, we had loft 13 of our crew, and 30 other* were almoll on the point of death. The wefterly monfoon being frt in we could have no hopes of reaching Ba- tavia, and our fituation was luch that w*: muft perifh if we could not fjieediiy make land. On this account, it was refolved to (leer for Macaffar, a Dutch fettlement on tilt ifland of Celebes ; and happily Wc accomplilhed our difign, coming to anchor off that illand, at the dillanceaf more tlian a IcTigue from M^'-'-'Tar, on Tucf- dav the r 5th of December. ■ The governor lent a Dutchman on board the Swallow late that night, who Itemed much alarmed on findrng that Ihc was an i-'nlifli ihiy of war, and would not truft hinilclf in the cabin. Latly ihc next morning, the II Captain difpatcheda letter to the governor, requefting leave to buy provifions, and to (belter liis (hip till the feafon for failing weftward came on. The boat arriving at the (hore, none of the crew were fufFered to land j and, the lieutenant having rcfufed to deliver the letter to any but the governor himfelf; two officers, called the Shebandar and the Fifcal, came to him with a meffage, importing that the governor was fick and had com- manded them to come for the letter. The lieutenant, though he thought this was only a. mere pretence, at length delivered the letter, which they took away with them. After the boat's crew had waited without any refrelhments for feveral hours in the heat of the fun, they were told that the governor had ordered two gentle- men to wait on their Captain with an anlVer. As the boat lay olf the wharf, our people on board obferved a great hurry on (hore, and concluded that all hands were bufy in fitting out armed velTels, a circumftancc which could not much contribute to our fjtisfaiflion. But according to the promife given, foon after the boat's return, two gentlemen of the names of De Cerf and Douglas, came with difpatchcs, defiring, that the fliip might inftantly depart from flie port, without coming any nearer to the town ; inlifting that (he fliould not anchor on any part of the coaft, and that the Captain (hould not permit any of the people to land on any place under the governor's jurifdi(5tion. The Captain could not but fcnfibly feel the cruelty of this proceedine. As the flrongeft argument that could be ufed in anfwer to the letter, he (hewed his dying men to the gentlemen, and urged the necefllty of the cafe i nor could they but feel the propriety of granting refre(hments to the fubjeds of a power at peace with their country, and who were in fuch a deplorable (itua- tion i but they obferved that their orders were abfolute and muft be obeyed. Incenfed at this treatment. Captain Carteret, at lait, declared, that he would come to an an- chor clofe to the town, and then if they perlifted in refuf- ing him neceflary refrcfliments, that he would run the (hip aground, when his crew would fell their lives as dear as poflSble. Being alarmed at this declaration, they in- treated the Captain to remain in his prefent fituatioa till further orders (hould arrive. This lie promifcd, on condition that an ani wer (hould be fent before the letting in of the fea-breeze the next day. Jn the morning early, it w.'s obferved that a floopof war, and another veflel with foUliers on board, anchored under the fljip's bows. They refufed to f|)eak with Captain Carteret, and as he weighed and fet fail with the fea-breeze, they did the fame, and clofely followed him. As he proceeded, a vclTcl from the town ap- proached him, wherein were fcvctal gentlemen, and Mr. Dsuglas among them i bur, till the Swallow dropped anchor they could not cone on board. They cxprcflcd I'umc furprize at the F.nglilh viird's having advanced fo far i but the Captain allec^ged that he had only ac^ed according to his former declaration, which his prefent fituation would fufliciently juftify to every candid perfon. Thefe gentlemen brought with them twolheep, fome fowls, fruit, and other provifioii.s, which were extremely welcome to the Engli(h i but, after they had made feveral propofals, with which he could not comply, he fliewed them the dead body of a man who had expired but a few hours before, and whofe Ufe might piobably have been laved, had the Dutch fent them a timely fupply of refrefhments, and again declared his refotution of ex- ecuting what he had threatened, if they would not com- ply with his reciuifition. His guefts now enquired whether the Ihip had touched at the fpice iflands, and were anfwered in the negative. At laft it was agreed, that the Swallow (hould fail for a bay at a little diftance, where an hofpital for the fick might be provided, and where provifions were generally plentiful, and, if there was a want of any article, they might be fupplied oc- cauonally from the town. jil||Hll be imagined that a propofal of this kind was rnm^ agreed to by Captain Carteret i all he iiififted upon was, that it fl)ould be ratified by the governor and council, which was after- wards liM- H r ■r ■ 1 S"! k I' ■ t ' ! 1",'. mi Ik 1:1 \l]iun 288 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complkti. ' wattls done in the proper manner. He coiHd not for«- bear afking, howevc, for what reafon the two veflels had anchored under his fhip's bows. He received for anlweri* liiat this was only done In a frirndly manner, to proteifl lierfroin any infuli that might be offered by the natives of the country. While this treaty was going forward, tlie Knglifh Captain had notliing to give hfs guefts but rotten bifcuit and bad fait meat : however, they h.id ordered an elegant dinner to be drefTcd on " board their own venel, which was afterwards ferredop I at his table, and they parted in friend|}iip. | The next day an officer from the town came on board to whom the Captain applied to get money for his bill* on the Englifh government. He promifed to ende.' vour to do this, and for that purpofc went on (hore but when he returned in the evening, he faid that thtr' was no perfon in the town that had any calh to ttn^, to Europe, and that the company's chert was qui,, empty. This was a great difficulty; however it w« furmounted at lart by an order being fent to the Re. (idenr at Bonthain, who had money to remit, and who in conrequcncc received the bills in queftion. * E f U 'i ' ■' i^M-' CHAP. nr. Iht Swalkiv ftiilsfrom Macaffar to BmihaiH — franfaSlhns tituiiig her ^ay at this plaU'^A defcription o/tht in-H ii MnceJJar and the ciicumjiiuiit (cuntry — ^be proceeds frcm tht bey en bcntham, in the if.aud of CtUbes, to Ilatavia in lie ijliind if Java — Kemarkai/e iiiciJenl) and tr,infaHious-~Tbe Swallow anchors at Onrufl, ii order tt have her defeii, repaired -. In account of the Dutch governor, anil the lourteous bchaviotir of ^Idmiral Houting to Captain Cat terei~^ 'J he Szi'/i.'kw being refilled departs from OiiiuJ} — IjiJ^s many of her bands by ficknefs— Arrives at Princes Ifiand in U^e Strait cf Suuda— Run from ihence to lie Cape rf Good I/oft—Jnil'crs in Table Bay— Makes tht ifland of St. Helena— Proi eeds to the ijlar.d of Jfceufion, and i imes to anchor in Crojs IM Bay — Continues her voyage — Is hailed by a French fhip. commanded by AI. Boiptihejd, en Saturday the 20lh of March, 1769, having been atjent tie* yenrs and /even nujutbs. ON Tuefday the 15111, we anchored, as we have oliferved, at the tlirtance of four miles from the town of MacafT.ir, uhicli, by our reckoning, lies in longitude 5 liet.^ 10 min. S. and in rf deg. 18 min. F. longitude, having been in our run from the Strait of Magellan not Iffs than 2S wc«lirit : but this ; r.^tuced no gorthc whole guard, which fervice he peiforit ed by yoing into the country with h's mufquet and ' ,g; nor was this honeft provider fatisfied with whai his bag would hold, for one of them, without any ceremony, drove down a young buffalo, and his comr.idts liipplird themfelvts with wood to drefs it from the pallifadoes of the fort. The Captain thought the n j)ort of this faft fo ex- traordinary, that he went on (hore to fee the breach, and found the poor blacks repairing it. On the afith and 27th, three velfels arrived liere, one of which had troops on btiard, dcflinrd for the B-intia Iflands, but their boats not being allowed to fpeak with any of our people, the Capr..in prevailed on the reftricnt, to pur. chafe for Kisufe fourcafks of very good fait provifion? two being pork, and two beef. On Monday the a8th* above 100 country veflt-ls, calk-d proas, ajichored in the bay of Bonthain. Thefe vefTcls fifh round the idantl of Celebes, goin^ out at one monfoon, and cominj bjrt with the other : they «arry Dutch colours, and fend the produce of their labours to China for falc. On Monday the iVth of January, a let^ » ^^ ter from Macailiir, was brought to the "•'^•'7"?. Captain, by which he was informed, that the Dolphin, our old confort, had been at Batavia. On ThurlUay the i8th, the fccretary of the ootmcil, who accdnipanied Le Cerf hither, received orders to return to Maca(6r. Our cwpcnter by this time having greatly recoveird hit health, organ to examine into the condition of th« .Swallow, and (he was found to have federal leaks ; and as little couki be done to thefe, we were reduced to an entire depcndanre on our pumps. Her main-null was alfo Iprung, and appeared to be rotten. As no wooil could be procured here to make a new om-, we parched it up^ without either iron or forge, as well as we cotikl. On the »9th of February, Le Cerfi the military officer was recalled, in order, as was reported, to make preparations for an r^pedition to tKe illand of Bally, and on MoiUiay (he 7H» of March, the largeft of the guard boats, a (k op of 40 tons, was likewilr orderedto return to Macaffar, '^ith part of the Jbldiers. Ontha 9th, fhe refidert received a letter from the governor; enquiring when Captain Carteret would fail for Batavia, though he rmirt have known tWs would not be before the ealVern monfoon fct in, which wouki not be till Mar. Thefe were fufpicious circumilancrs, which gained Itrtngth toward me crtnclufion of the month, at which time a canoe was obferved 10 packlle round the Ihip) ieveral times in the night, and to retire as foon as ftir was fcen. It is pix>per to obfervc here, that the town of Macaflar is in a dihrifl called Macaffar, or Bonv, the king whereof is an ally of the Dutch, who have fre- quently been repulfed in their attempts to reduce othtr [iarts of the iflaix], one of which it. inhabited by a peo- ple called Bug^iieffes, and another Waggs, or Tot'ora. The lafV place is fortified with cannon ; for the natiws were acquainted with the ufe of fire-arms, and were (up- plied with them from Europe, before the Dmch fettled themfclves at MacafTar in the room of the Por- tuguefe. On Ttiefday the 29th, a black m»n delivered a lettei -I ( ^.^%'' slui,..*.WJ T,\iN CARTERET'S VOYAGE— for making Dif( overies in the Souihkrn Ockan, &c. 289 lieutenant, dircfled to " Tuc 'ommandcr of i '? ''cngiifti ftip at Bonthaiii," the ,)urport of which to acquaint the Captain, that the king of Bony, '"oniundion with the Dutch, had formed a defign fft cut U* on. On the 7th of May, Captain Carteret received a letter, written in Dutch, from the governor of \( cair»r. the general purp)rt of which was, to ex- bJte himCeUftom the charge of having, in con- '"ndion with the king of Bony, formed a defign to J" *■ o(f. He denied, in. the moft folcmn manner, V having the lead kaowledge of fuch a projedl, and iiired the letter to be put into his hands, that the limtcr might be brought to fuch punifhment as he Ifervcd ; but the Captain would not deliver up the /tier ki'iowing that the writer would certainly have ' pyniftied whether the contemn were true or falfe. U ,{jj jjnd we were ready to fail, but before we ukc our departure we (hall make a few obfervationi. I. 0/tbe Cflftti, or I be Ifland of Macajfar. Southward of the Philippines (of which we have jiven a '"" drfcription) lies the ifland of Celebes, otMicafli"'. extending from one deg. 30 min. N. lati- tude, to 5 dcg. 30. min. S. having the great ifland of Borneo on the well, and the Moluccas on the ealh The Itiigt'^ ^^ '' ^^°^ '''* ^" ^" P"'"' 'o 'he N. K. ij about 500 miles, afid in the broadeft Jjart of it, it is nfjr ;oo miles over. This ifland is divided into fix nettv kingdoms or provinces, the principal whereof ire Celebes, on the N. W. lying under the equi- jiocHal ; and MacalFar, which takes in all the fouth part of the idand : the reft of the provinces were uluilly under the dominion of one of thefe. The natives of this ifland are famous for the poifons they compound of the venomous drugs and herbs their country prcxluces ; of wnich, it is did, the very touch or fnTrll occulionsprefeni death; the young gentlemen arc inllrui^tcd how to blow their little poifoned darts through a tube or hollow cane, about flx feet in length i with thefe they engage their enemies i and if thry make the leaft wound with thefe darts, it is faiJ to be mortal. Though thefe weapons would not be much dreaded among jicople that arc well cloathed, yet as the natives tngage naked, their Ikins are ealily pcnctrjiiil, and the poifon operates fo fpeedily, that It is net r.iCy to cure thcrn : they will lUike a man with thclc darts at near an hundred yards diftance. They liavc ftiong rohnfl boilies, are extremely in- duftri'tuj, and, as riady to undergo fatigues as any people whatever ; nor arc any people more addicted to armi and hardy enterprifcs, inlbmuch that they niav be I'^oked upon as aliuofl the only foldicrs on the other IkIc the bay of Bengal ; an^l accordingly are hired into the fcrvice of other princes and flates on that lidc, as the Swifs arc in this part of the world : even the Europeans frequently employ them in their fcrvice, but have fomctimcs fulFered by trufting them too f,ir j or rather, our people being too apt to ufc them like Haves, as they do the poor I'ortugucfe and Muftces in their fcrvice ; this is a treatment which the Macaflirians will not bear, and never fail to revenge whcticvcr u is attempted by our European governors. The people of Macaflar are of a moderate ftature, their complexions fwarthy, their cheek-bones ftand high, and their nofes arc generally flat ; the laft is clkcmed a beauty, and almoft as much pains taken to make them fo in their infancy, as to make the C'hinefe ladies have little feet. Tiiey have fliining black hair, which is tied up and covered with a turban, or cloth wound about their heads when they nrc dreflcd, but at other times they wear a kind of hat or cap with little brinu. They continuallv rub and fupplc the limbs of their infants with oil to render them nimble and adlive j Slid that is thought to be one rcafon there is hardly ever fcen a lame or crooked perfon among them. Their male children of the better fort, it is faid, uc always taken from their mother* at Hx or feven 3S' ■ years of age, and committed to the care of fome re- mote relation, that they may not be too much in- dulged and cflemiiuted by the careirc.s of the mother :. they arc font to fchool to their pricfis, who teach them to write and read and call accounts, and the precepts of the koian : their charadlcrs vety much refcmble the Arabic, which is not ftrangc, fince their anceftors, many of them, were Arabians. tiefidcs their books, every child u bred up to fome ' handicraft trade ; they are alfo taught fcveral fports and martial exercifes, if they are of quality ; but the meaner fort are employed in hulbandry, filhing, and ordinary trades, as in other places. The women are remarkably chaftc and referved, at leaft they cannot help appearing fo ; for the leaft fmile, or glance on any but their hufliands, is held a fufTicient reafon for a divorce j nor dare they admit of a vilit even from a brother, but in the prefencc of the huiband-: and the law indemnifies him for killing any man he (hall find alont with his wife, or on whom flic has conferred any mark of her favour. The inhabitants of this country are in general fo little addidted to infamous pradhces, or litigious difputes, that they have neither attornies or builitl's among them. If any diftcrences arife, the parties apply perfonally to the judge, who determines the matter with expedition and equity. In fome criminal cafes, I'uch as murder, robbery. Sec. he has a right to exe. cute juftice himfelf, by deftroying ilic oft'enJtr. On the other hand, the man keeps as many wives and concubines as he pleafes, and nothing can be more ignominious than the want of children, and the having but one wife : the love of women, and the deiirc of children is univerfal ; and according to the number of women and children the man pofTeircs. his hap- pinefs is rated. Their princes and great men wear a garment made of fcarlet cloth or brocaded filk, with large buttons of gold J thev have likewiCe a very handfome em- broidered fafh made of lilk, in which their dagger and purfe are placed, with their knife, crice, and other little trinkets. People of. figure dye the nail of the little finger of the left-hand red, and let it grow as long as the finger. The women wear a muflin ftiift, or rather usiftcoat, clofe to their bodies, and a pair of breeds. ,, which reaches down to the middle of the leg, made of filk or cotton, and have no other head drcis than their hair tied up in a roll, with fome curls hanging down their necks j they throw a loofc piece of linen or muflin over all when they go abroad ; nor have they any ornaments but a gold chain abojt their necks. They are fond of a fine equipage and a great number of fcrvants to attend them, and if they nave not fo many of their own as their quality re- quires, they will not ftir out till they have got the ufual number, by hiring or borrowing them. The furniture of their houfcs confifU chiefly of carpets and cufliions, and the couches they flcep on. They fit crofs. legged on mats and carpets, as molt Afiatics do. This ifland produces molt animals except fliccp. I'here are monkeys and babosns in abundance, that will fet upon travellers ; fome of them are quite black, fome of a ftraw colour, and other-; white, the latter of which arc generally as big as maftiffs, and much more mifchievous than the others. Some have long tails, and walk on all-fours j others are without tails, and walk upright, uljng their lorc-fect as hands, and in their adions greatly refemble the human fpe- cics. Their going in large companies fecuros them from the more powerful beafts of the forcfts ; but they are fomctimes conquered by the large ferpents, which purfue them to the tops of trees, and deftroy them. The natives do not fcruple eating any flclh but pork, this no Mahometan will touch; but their food is chiefly rice, fifti, herb», fruit and roots ; flefti they eat but little of. They have but two meals a day, one in the morning, and the other about fun-fet ; but their chief meal is in the evening t they chew b^el and areka, or fmckc tobacco mixed with opium moft part of the day. Their liquot is tea, coffee, 4 U (hcrbct. ; ■ 1" ' IT m : 1 •; -i lir'Min/ii; m ' ^^1 i m ' t ■', .1; I ». M ^■'■-•^riHp,. 1'^ • M ^ «=&■;■ (.. .:i ri \i li ' '* :.;'Mi!r.iH I ,; 2g2 VOYAGES ROUND the W O R L D *J d m PIE '1' I'. (hcrbct, or chocolate, and they have palm wine, arrac, or fpirits, which they fomclimes indulge in, though it is prohibited by their religion. They loll upon carpets at their meals, and eat ofl" dilhes made of china wood, filver or copper, which are fct on littie'low lacquered tables ; and take up the rice with their hands inflead of fpoons, which they feem not to know the ufe of. In the celebration of marriage the hulband receives no other portion with his wife than ' the prefents flie received before marriage. As foon as the pried has performed the ceremony, the new- married couple are confined in an apartment by them- felves for three fuccellivc days, having only a fervant fo bring them fuch ncceflarics as they may have occafion for, during which time their friends and acquaintances arc entertained, and great rejoicings made at the houfe of the bride's father. At the expi- ration of the three days the parties arc fet at liberty, and receive the congratulations of their friends ; after which, the bridegroom conducts his wife home, and both apply themfelvis to bulincfs, he to his accuf- tomed profeflion, and (lie to the duties belonging to houfewifery, and the management of a family. When a man has reafon to fufpcCt his wife of infidelity, he applies to a pried l>r a divorce ; and if the complaint appears juft, there is no difticiilty in obtaining it. In this cafe the feculai judge pronounces the accufcd party guilty, declares her to be divorced, and fcitlcs the terms : both parties, after this judgment, have liberty to marry again. The Maccaflarians had originally flrangc notions of religion : they believed there were no of, 'gods but the fun and moon ; and to then they facrificcd in the public fquares, not having mateiials which they thought fuAiciently valuable to be employed in creifling temples. According to their creed, the fun and moon were eternal, at well as the heavens, whole empire t-iey divided between them. Thefe abfur- dities, however, had not fo lading an inHuence either over the nobles or people, as is fou'.id from the reli- gious dodlrines of other nations : for the Turks and apodles of the koran arriving in the country, the fovcreign and his people embraced Mahometanifm, and the other parts of the idand foon followed their c'.ample. They are great pretenders to magic ; and t-Mvy charms about ihem, fuppofing thcfc *A\ fccurc ihtm (rom every danger. When anv one is fo ill as to be given over by the phyfirian, th. pricds are fent for, who, attributing the violence of their dilcale to the induence of fomc evil fpirit, firft pray to them, and then write the names of God and Mahomet on linall pieces of p.per, which arc carefully hung about their necks j and if the t»ari<-nt does not foon recover, his death is conlidr.ed as inevitable, and every prepa- ration ii made 'or his cxp-ctcd departure. Ihefe people per»orir. their funeral ceremonies with great decency i to fecirc which, the meanell perfon makes provifion w!iile in health, by alligning a certain fum to defray fhc necellary expenccs attending it. As loon as a perfon is dead, tlie body is walhed, an her port.town about 15 miles louth of Macaffar Kiver, one of the bed harbours in India, and the firll town the Putch took from the nativei ; here rliey fjnk or fcizcd all the Portugucfc fleet when rhey were in full peace »ith that nation. The red of the towni and villages lying in the Hat country near the fea, or the mouths of rivers, are for the r.iod part built with wocxl or cane, and fUnd upon hi|{h pillatt on account qI the annual flood. when they have a communication with oni; only by boat.s. About the Celebes arc fcveral idands another the fame name, the priiu qi.il of whfch u\-^'' ^^ about live leagues from the S. E. corner, 'n ""■^^''l is about 80 miles long, and 30 broad • on ih '^ fide of it •. a large town and harbour c.illcd\'T" cadbiig, the drccts of which are fpacious ami enH r on each dde with cocoa tires. Fhc inhabita 1, "^ governed by an abfolute prince, fpcak tjic Mji '"'^ tongue, and arc Mahometans. The ftraits otT" tiencc arc on the other fide of this iihnd • t! fo calicd from the great difficulty in pall'in^'th "'' which arifes from the violence of the current the contrariety of the winds. . . '• *"il II. Of the JJtuation, trade, and produce of Borruo <; matra, and Jaza, commonly called the Sunda iL '1' and of the manners ar.d cujloms o/the inhaiit.mts «" 'TliE mod confiderable of the Sunda Klaiu's c.iI'm fo from the (traits near which they lie, ari> (J Sumarra and Java. ' "^'"^"i Borneo extends from 7 deg. 30 min. N. \j^,i^ . to 4 deg. S. latitude, and from 107 to 1 ,- dcrcc. f longitude, being about 700 miles in Iciigih and : in breadth, and is computed to be 2500 ni ks in cumlercnce. The figure of this id.md In- ig,||^ga round, it probably contains -^ greater nuniln-i „( ,(/ ihan any id.ind hitherto difcovcred. To tiu- t^rtv, ", uf It lies the idaiid of Celebes or M.icaliar, to [I fouth the idand of Java, to the well tiie ifljnj f Sunutra, and to the N K. the Philippine lllmdj The hatbours of grcaied note, and ti whuii []. I.iiiopcjns ufually rclort, are li.injar .Million Sue' cidanea and Borneo, but much more to Iknjai' i\S feen than cither of the other -, the grr.itcli qua.rtitici of pejjper growing towards the Iburce of tha; r y^r which falls in'o the fea j deg. 18 mm. .S. latitude' The town of banjar formerly flood about 1 1 miles uii the liver, and was bui.t partly on woodrn pilliis j^j partly on lltiau of ti nbcr in th.- river ; but there ii now no (ign of a ten there, the inhabitants being removed to latas, about fi.' miles hightr. The city of Borneo, formerly the refiJcnccof the nrincipal lultan or king of the ifland, hcs on the N. W. part of the idand, in 4 ccg. 55 nun. N. ijti. tudc, and IS a very tommodioul haihour. Thij city is very large, the drccts fpacious, and the hoiifes afll built i they arc in general three dories hij;h, covered with tUt roots, and the fulian's palace n a vcryelc- gant iind cxtcnfivc building. It is the chief lc4tof commerce in the idind, and the port is continusllv ( lowdcd with fhips from China, Cambodu, .Sum Malacca, &c, 'I he Knglilh and Fortujjucle have lomc t.'-adc here, though no fettled iaOton . Ihc lort of .Sticcadanca lie* on the wed-fidc of thi- idand, in 15 niin. S. latitude, and was heretofore more rclortel to by the l\uropean$ than any other. (Jver .luainft this, on the cad-lid: of the ilU.:d, Hands another lea-port town, called Fadcir, in 15 min. S. latitude but IS not a place ol any great irJ^dc, One of the moll i onliderable inland towns is Cay. tongc, the fultan whereof is now the mod p-:cnt prince in the iftand : this city lies about lOo milei up the river Banjar ; and about :oo miles higher Hands the towr. of Ncgaree, the rclidence ot another fultan. The names ol t'lc other principal towns Jie Tanjongbuoro, Scdang, Tanjongdatoo, bambas, Iar. da, Pilagtdan, Coiapanjang Sampit, Tanjong, Sell- tan, Goiiwarcngen and Fomanoocan. Their chief nvert arc, 1. Banjar. 3- Tatas. 3. Jtvi. 4. Succadanca : and, 5. Borneo. Some of the natives arc very fond of having large Ctrl ; to obt''.in which they make holes in the folc parti of them when young s to (hcfe holes »re lallcncd weight! about the breadth rf a crown piece, whi> h arc continually prcdingon (he ears, ind expand them to f-.zh a length at to caufe them to reil upon the fl'-rfidcfi. Thi ■«t.iiy. ,i^.v4*.M4l» >" with ''l'^ ic!8 th,: " ^^■hich is (if ^y corner, 'i "■oatl : on ri' "s ift,mj ll'c inhabitant "fed The ftraiu o ft'" > '" Padin'^ tL "!"{' "f Borneo, a, 'y ''^' ^"- Borneo, ' ""'"'■ N'. lititudf '" ''•"S'h and e Idjiidi *'"! '• «hici,',|., i;r .Vl,fl.,n. Sue'! re to Banja, Mjf. K^"'^l) >|ua.-:t„,„ "■"■ •" tha: f,vcr. """• •'^- latitude '•'";" '^ mile, up ^"^'l^n ,„1|,;,_ ,,5 :f : liut there i, [nhabitants being tiighcr. * erclKlenceofihc '^"''. I'cs on the J 5 "iin. K.ijti. b"i;,. •Jhi.cuy a the hoiifes „ll " '"Kli. covered C'"' IS a very elc. tlic diicf/Mtof yt IS continually .'aiiibodia, Sum Portut;uclc hn'c -'°f.»- Thejw o» the inand, ,„ >rc more relorte,] • iuently impofed upon in their traffic. 'The "ii""a'^ here are the fame as on the continent ii til vr/.- bears, tygcrs, clcpha'-ts, buffaloes, deer. It' the n^°^\ remarkable : al, and which is p- 0" -culiar to this illand, is i. nionifrous moii- ^'""•ailed the oran-outang, cr '. .n of the woods, P" jix I'cct liigh. anrtcr dollars; and lor fmall change tluy kjve i !'•'' "' money made of kad in the form ol rinKSi "'^" t^ '"''■' ''rung on a kma iti dry leaf. In'hf iiiiand ]«m ol thi*. country are fcvcral petty U;i,gdjins, lach of which is gover'ied by a rajah, or |ji„.. All liic rajahs were formerly ful>ject to the Luj, of liof neo, who was tlK-emcd the fiipreme king over the whole illand J but hi.'i authority has been of [jtt re.tis greatly dimiiullied ; and ilure arc other lin''s ci!ii,il, it' not more powerlul than himfcll ; par- tiaiUil; the king ot Caytoiige. 1 he town where this ; pr.nee [elides 1^ litiiatcd abou: eighty miles up the Itniar Ki>cr. His palace is a very elegant building, CfcCiai on piilira, a, id is open on all tides. Before the palace is a large building, eonlilling only of one lOiini, Mliuh is let apart tor holding councils, ami euicriaining foreigners. In the centre ol the room Ii ihe throne, covcretl with a rich canopy of gold and tilvcr brocade. .About the palace are planted fevcral cannon, which arc fo old, and mounted on luth vtretched carriages, chat ihey are neither orna. mental nor ufelul. This prince u clleeined the greitelf, on arcount of the cultoms he leccivcs at the port of Bcnjar Matliren, which aic cllimattd at 8000 ui:ces ol eight per annum, l..^- :»ing or Sultan ol Kffjanc 14 the inolf contidcrablc prime next to the ibove: his pahcc is lituatid at a i)laic calhrd Meta- poora, about 10 miles from Cayiongc. There is a handioinc armoury before the gates of hit palace, nhah roMiains a great number of lire arms, and fciaal -union. I (c i^ always on good term* with his neij;nb(iur ihr prince of Caytongc, and the rell are Uiooiuinaic to ihcic two princes i great homage is paiit thtni by the natives, and it is difficult for a lliani^er to get acccij 10 them : tht only meani' to tririi ihi , i.s, by complimenting them with fome valuable prelent, for avarice is their darling pallion ; and the lliaiigcr will be treated witli rclped m pro. portion to the prelent he makes. buiiutra is one of the Sunda /(lands, fituaie in the Indian OLtan, between oj and «04d«._. .,1 ealfcrn lon- gitude, and l)( twcen 5 dcg. jo imo. N. latitude, and 5 S! tleg. JO mm. S. latitude, the cquinotifial line runnin| ciols the middle of it 1 having Malacca on Borneo on the K. Java on the S. K. and the Indian ocean on the welt, and it 800 miles long, and about 140 broad. I'hc ait ii generally unhcallhlul near the 35 coaft, the country being Very ho .uid very inoifV, and changing fuiidcnly from fultiy heat in tlie day- time, to colcT chilling winds in iIil- night. It is the lirlt of the rcmark;iblc illiiuls that form the ji.rcat Archipelago of the caff, the ciitiance of w Inch is, as it were, blocked up by this ifland and Java, whifh form a barrier feparatiiig the Indian lioiii the Chiiicfc ocean; except that in tlv iciucr between. the two illands there is an opening;, which appears as if pur- pofcly dcligned to admit a tree paflagc for the advan- igcs of commerce. This opening is called the ftrai: ; Sunda, the fouth part of which is the north of Java, and called Java Head ; and the north point is the fouth of Sumatra, called Flat Point. Thefc two arc about lix leagues afunder, between which fliips pafs from Europe dirc(flly to B.;tavia or China, with. out touching at the Indies : they flretch away cad froirt the Cape of Good Hope, and make no land till having traverfed the whole Indian fca they arrive at Java rl.id. There is a chain" of mountains which runs the whole length of the ifland, from the N. W. to the S. E. and here the air is fomething better than on the coi.ll ; bui the European faCforics arc generally litaated at the mouths of rivers near the fea, for con- vcnicncy of trade ; and here three years may be reckoned a long life, the fait flinkmg oufe fends up fuch unwholclomc vapours as pcr)'c>.tly poifon to. reigners that arc fent thither. IIuc is a mountain called Sindlc-dcmond, about 10 miles S. E. of Ben- cookn, whiih is a mile in height perpendicular; the rocks near the well coaft arc generally baircn, producing little betides Ihrubs ; but towards the bottom of them grows Ibiuc j.;ood timber. The couiui) has a threat many fmall rivers, but none of them navigable much above ihuir mouths, tailing from high mountains, and ijiflhaiging themfelvcs precipitately into the lla, ciriier on the E. or W . alter a very Ihort courlc; the rains continuing here, as they do in molt places near the cquinocUal, lix months and upwards, every year, and no where with more violence. ' The waters ol the river Indapoora, during ra'iis, look red fcr two miles beyond the mouth out at fca, occafioncd, it is faid, by the great number of oaks that grow in their boggy grounds, and are almoll Cu..."rcd when the floods are highell. I'hc waters of all their rivers, which overflow the low countries, arc very unwholcfoiiie, foul, and not tit to be drank till they arc fettled, nor indeed till they have been boiled, ana tea or fome other whtjle- tbme herbs int'ufed into them ; and this, no doubt, is one caufe of the unwho'cfomenefs of the air, it being a very jull obfcrvatiun, that wherever the water is bad the air is fo too. The illand of Sumatra was antiently, and is at pre- lent, divided into a great m.iny kingdoms and fl.Uts. Achcii, the metropolis ol the kii.gdom, is lituatctl at the N. W. end of Sumatra, in (,3 deg jc min. E, longitude, and in 5 deg. jo min, N. latitude, and is mui h the moll conliderable poit in the illand. It flands in a plain, funounded with woods and marthcs, aoout (i-e miles dillant troiii the fea, ne.ir a plealaiit rivulet : It is an open town, without w.vli or moat, and the king's palace Hands in the middle of it. b.ir.g of an oval tigure, about half a league in cuciini. tcrciicc, furroundcd by a moat 25 feet broad, and as many deep; and about the palace tlurc arc cafl up great banks ol earth inlUad of a wall, well planted wi'.i .'ceds and canes, that grow to a jiiodigiuus height and ihicknefs, infumuch that tl.cy cover the palace, and rertiler it almoll inaccttliblc ; thcfe i\.cd» .llo are continually green, and not ealily fet on tiic. Ihcic is no ditch or draw-bridge before the gates, but on each lidc a wall of llonc about ten Icci hij;h that fupports a terrace, on which fome guns arc planted 1 and .t fmall nrcam runs through the middle uf the palace, which is lined with Hone, .lad hai {Vcps down to the bottom of it, tor the convcniency of bathing. . There aic four gates, an i as many courts, to be palled before wc come to the royal 4. E apartmentii ; MiUiiitoiiiaiiiiafeka 296 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. -i^- apartments ; and in Tome of thefe oiltward couns are the king's magAzines, and the landings of his ele- phants : as for the inward courts dt the palace, foreigners, or even the natives, hardly rver approach them ; and therefore a juft defcription of thefe is not to be expe(fled. But notwithflanding the fortifi- cations of this place or caftle, as it is fometimes called, arc very mean and inconfiderabie, yet the avenues to it arc naturally well defended ; for the country round about Achcn is full of rivulets^ marlhes, and thick woods of cane or batnboo, w^ch are almoU impenetrable, and very hard to cut : there arc feveral little forts'erecfted alfo at prbper diftances in the marfties, where guards are planted to prevent any furprize. In the king's magazines, fome authors tell us, are found a numerous artillery, and a good quantity of fire-arms, and that his guards confirt of many thoufand men ; but that his ereattft ftrength is in his elephants, who' are trained up to trampie upon fire,, and (land unmoved at the report of a cannon -, but this we fhall examine more particularly when we come to fpeak of the maintenance of the prince, both with refpcdt to domeftic and military fupplies, for later travellers do not feem to admire his power or. grandeur. This city confifts of 7 or 8000 houfcs, which cake up the more ground bccaufc they arc not contiguous, every perfon furrounding his dwelling with a pallifado pale that (binds fome yai:ds diftant from it ; except in two or three of the principal (Greets where the markets arc kept, and where foreigners inhabit, who chufe to live near one another, to defend them(>Ives from thieves, robberies being very common here. The harbour, wlvich is fo large as to be capable of containing any number of the largcd (hips, is commanded by a fpacioOs- for- irefs rncompalTcd with a ditch well fortified according to the lulian manner, and mounted ith cannon. The Engli(h, Dutch, Danes, Portugu , Guzarats, and Chinefe, are the chief traders in this city. The king has a great number of horfes, which, as well as the elephant? ave rich and maghificent trappings. He is at no cxpekice in times of war, for oil his fubjciits are obliged to march at their own expcacc, and carry with them provi(ions for three months : he only fur- nifties them with arms, powder, lead, and rice, which is very trifling. In peace it does not coft him any thing even for the maintenance i^*' his family, for his fabjC(!ls fupply him with all kinds of provifions : they alfo provide him and his concubines with cloaths. I He is heir to all his Ciibjedli who die without ifltie inaic, and to aU foreigners who die within his terri- tories i and luccceds to the cfates of all thole who are put to death. From all which it appears, that the revenue of this piince, though not paid in money, is very '■ 'iifiderablc. I'lavmg given the fituation of the md(\ confiderabic places on the cafl-fidc of Sumatra, we proceed through the ftraitsof Sunda to the wed-coalt j and advancing Irom ihcr ;c towards the north, the firft EngU(h fet- tlcment we meet with is Sillabar, which lies in a bay at the mouth of a large river of the fame nsme, in 4 dfg, S. latitude. Here the Knarlifli have a rcfidencc, ora fmall detachment from Marlborough fort, (erc\fled Toon after the dedrudlion of York Fort at Bencoolen) to receive the pippcr the natives bring hither. Ten miles to the northward of Sillabar ftands the town of Bencoolen, where was the principal fettlement the linglifh had upon the ifland of Sumatra, fVom the year 1685 to the year 1719, when there happened a general infurrcdtion of the natives, who cut off part of the garrifon ; the reft c/caping in their boats to Tea. Bencoolen is known at Tea by a high flender moun- tain that rifcs 20 miles b'^yond it in the country, called I lie Sugar-loaf. Before the town of Bencoolen there I'cs an iftand, within which the (hipping ufually ridci and the point of Sillabar extending two or three leagues to the fouthward of it, makes a large bay 1 bcddcs thefe mark* the old EnglKh fort, vhirh fronted tuwaidi the fca, might have been difccrned when a fliip came Within feven or eight milci of pta'ct. The town is almoft two miles in comn rJ and was inhabited chiefly by the natives, who hi 1 their libufcs upon bamboo pillars, as inothciin 1 of the iftand. The Portuguele, Chinefe, and KnaiH had each a feparntc quarter. The Chinefe nwrll built all upon a floor, after the cuftom of li, J country. The Englifh houfcs were after thpjrowl model j but they found themfelves undcra nccclTtJ of building with timber, (though there wai no\,ll of brick or (tone), upon account of the frcnuenj earthquakes. The adjacent country is mountainou] and woody, and in fome parts are volcanoes th« (tj qucnily vomit flre. The air is very unwholefoinel and the mountains are generally covered witli thickl clouds that bur(t in ftorms of thunder, rajn d^A The foil is a fertile clay, and the chief produce J graft : but near the fea it 'is all a morafs. Thtrtjil a fmall river on the N. W. fide of the town, by whickl the pepper is brought here from the inland pan efl the country j but there is a great inconvenience Inl fliipping it, on account of a dangerous bar at the! mouth of the river. The road is alfo dangerous foe I (hips, as it has no other defence from the violence of! the fea during the S. W. monfoons, than afmiljf place called Rat Ifland, which, with the land point of Sillabar, ttiakes the haven. The pepper brought here comes from the torrj. lories of the two ncighbo«iring rajahs, one of whom i relides at Sindlc-dcmond, at the liottom of a bay 10 or 1 2 miles to the north ; and the other at Bafar, 10 I miles to the eaft. Th*fc two rajahs have houft's 113 1 the town, whither they come when they have any bufinefs to tranfadt with the Englifti, who pay them half a dollar duty for every 560 pounds weight of I pepper; and they alfo pay to the owner (or every ' luch quantity 10 Spanifii dollars, weighing each n penny-weights and la grains. The Englifli have alfo other fcttletncnt! to th« N. W. of the above, particularly at Cattoun, fiiuattd about ^o miles from Bencoolen j Ippo, about » miles farther to the north j Bantall, which is up^iard* of ICX3 milet north of Bencoolen ; and Mocho, fituated a little to the (buth of Indrapour. There are likcwife feveral good Dutch fcttlfmenis on this ilbd, the moft confiderabic of which is Pullambam, or Pul." lamban, fituatc about no miles N. li. of Bencoolen. The chief article of trade here is pepper, of which the Dutch have prodigious quantities, being under con- tn^ with the king of Pullamban, and other Indian prirxes, to take it at a certain price, one half of which they pay in money, and the other in cloth. Pullambtm is a very Urge town, and plcafantly fittfkted tin the banks of a fine river, which dividet itfelf into feveral branches that run by four channels into the fea. It continued to be a contiderable city till the year 16^9, when it was deltroyed by the Dutch, in revengetor fome injuries thfy pretended to have received from the natives. Priaman lies nearly oppofite to Pcdang, about too miles N. W. of Indrapour. It is very populous, and plentifully fupplied with cr.oR kinds of provifions, Ticow, another very Cdnfiderable place, which ii fituated about feven leag' ti ftom Dalliiniin, in 20 dec. S. latitude. Barras, which belong), to the king of Achcn, is one of the moft confiderabic places on the well coal) , it is fituated on a fine river near the center bctwvn Ticow and Achen, and, like the former, no pctin Irtuft trade here without permitlion from the king. The province of Andrigri is fmall, hut rctnnrkablt for produc ng great quantities of pe|>per : and ji, )td is cheaper nere than in any other pan of '.'.e Kltni. Jamly is fituated «n a irivcr ^m the eaftlidro! a: ifland, 50 miles from the fea, in a d > K : they likrwifc befmear thcmfclvcs w|(h a . vi k'her hoc countries, to prevent being ftgna by ,. ir Jlsj and let their nails grow exceed- ing long, Ui in>j; ;hem till they are tranfparcnt, and dying them wirh < .rmitlion: the poorer fort go almoft naked, having only a fmall piece of cloth faftencd round the waift i and about their heads they wear a piece of linen, or a cap made of leaves, refcmbling the crown of a hat i but they have no fltoes or ftockings. The better fort wear drawers or breeches, and a piece of cal- licn or filk wrapped about their loins, and thrown over the left ihoulder, and they wear fandals on their feet, when in towns. The coins of the country arr, firft cafli, or pieces of ?fs<: j^oo of which make one mas, valued at 1 5 pence, v'hr IS a gold coin. A polk :n or copang i» a quarter %if n ymt, 16 Vias is one lael, which is an imaginary coin, and equivalent to 30 Ihillings fterling ; dollars and other Spanilh coins alfo are current here. With re- fpefl to their weights, five tael, make a buncal, 30 buncals one catty, and 100 catty one pecul, being 1 ja pounds Eoglifh t three peculs are a China bahar of ^96 pounds Giina weight 1 and of Malay weight, ^i Achcn 433.pounds 1 5 ouric- j, and at Bcncnolcn, ami the reito'f tlic wcftctA coaft, a bahar is joo pounds great weighii or 560 pounds Englifh. They make their payments at Achcn ofiener in gold pieces than in coin. Several other iflancis belong to Suttiatl-a, among which is one called by the inhabitants Pulo Laiichakay, and, by the natives of Achen, I'ulo, I.ada, oi- the ifland of Pepper. This is a large ifland, fiiuatcd in 6 deg. I J ruin. N. latitude. In the centre of it are tw(- high mountains fcpatated froiii each other by a very narrow valley ; and at the foot of thefe mountains is a plain at leaft 12 miles in length. Pepper is produced in it i but the ifland is very thinly inhabited. The foil of the plain is well calculated tor all kinds of drugs, fruit, rice, and cattle ; and, as it has feveral good fprings and rivers, it might produce excellent pafhirage -, but the inhabitants Only attend to the cultivation of pep- per, that being the article which turns out moft to then- ad vantage. The other parts of the ifland are covered with thick woods, in which are feme remarkable ftrart and lofty trees. The winds are wefterly from the be- ginning of July to the end of Oftober, during which time thty have very heavy rains ; and the climatCi as in other parts of the lame latitude, is very unwhole- fomc. The ifland at prefcnt produces 500,000 pounds Weight of pepper annually, which is faid to be prefera- ble to that of^ any other places in the Indies. Tlie in- habitants are Malayans, but are naturally better dif- pofcd than thofe of Achen ; their habits are much the fame in make, but not fo elegant : they are very zealous Mahometans, and in their cuftoms and ways of living differ little from the inhabitants of Achen, The ifland of Lingcn is fituated abiut 60 miles N. E. of Jamby, and about the I'amc diflance to the S. E. of Johore, It is 50 miles in length, and to in bre.idth: the interior part of it is very mountainous, but that next the fea lies low, and is very fcnilr. It produces pepf er and canes, and in fomc pr.rts of it are great numbers of porcupines. That of Banca is very large, being at leaft 150 miles in length, and about 20 in breadth. The natives, like moft of the Mayl.ins, are treacherous, and very unhofpitable to fuch ftrangers as unfortunately happen to be fhipwrecked on the coaft. At the mouth of the ftraits of Banca ia Lucipara, a fmall ifland but fo barren, that it has but few inhabitants, and only produces a fmall quantity of pepper. There are feveral other fmall iflands belonging to Sumatra, moft of which are either uninhabited, or fo infignificant aa not to merit a particular defcription. Java, one of^ the Siinda iflands, is firxute in the In- dian ocean, between 103 and 1 1 j degrees of eaft longi- tutle, and between j and 8 degrees of Ibuth latitude, being 700 miles long, and upwards of 100 broad, having the illand of Bornca on the north, the ftraits of B-illy on the eaft, the Indian ocean on the fouth, and the ftraits of Sunda (from whence it is called one of the Sunda Iflands) on the N. W. The air of Java, near the fea, is generally unhealthful, unlcfs where the bogs have been drained, and tlie lands cultivated ; there it is much better, and in the middle of the ifland much more fo. The worft weather upon the north coaft of Java is liuring the wefterly monfoon, which begins the firft week in November, when they have fome rain. In December the rains incrcafc, and it blows frefh, and in January it blows ftill harder, and the rains continue vetyheavy till the middle of February,when both the wind ami rains become more moderate and de- creafe.tilltheendofMarcli. Their fair feafon commences in April, the winds arc then variable, and it is lomctimes ca?m, only at the change of the moon there are fuddcii gufts of wind from the weft, in the begiiming of May the eaftern monfoon becomes conftantj and in Tune and July there is a little rain j but in this mohfoon they have generally clear, wholelbme weather, until the end of September. InOi51ober the eafterly wind blows faintly, ana in November the wefterly monfoon lets in again : when the wefterly wind and currents arc ftrongeft here, namelv. In December, January and Pebruary, there is no failing againft tKem. The eaflerly winds and cur- 4F rents MtaMMaaauh^atM 50O VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. ?!;? it?' Ill 41 1 rents arc more moderate j fliips may fail agninft tliis monfoon, and a fnip may come from the weftward tlirougli tlic flraits of Sunda to Batavia almoft at any time. There is good anchorage on the Java fide, in 20 or jo fathoms water : near the coaft of Java and Borneo, from April to November, they have land and fca breezes from tiihytrcnt points ; the wind blows from the land between one and four in the morning, and con- tinues till noon ; atone or two in the afternoon it blows frcfh froin the fea for five or fix hours. A chain of mountains runs through the middle of the idjnd from E. to VV. which are covered wiJi fine woods. It is faid thefe mountains produce ghcat quan- tities of gold : but the rtatives conceal it fn)m the Eu- ropeans. The iiiofl diibnguiflied of thefc mountains is called the Blue Mountain. The low lands are flooded in the time of the rains. Along the north coall of Java arc fine groves of cocwa-nut trees, and wherever we fee one of thefe groves, 've do not fail to meet with a vil lage of the natives. 1 he illand was antiently divided into abundance of petty kingdoms and ftates, and when admiral Drake vifited this ifland in his voyage round the globe, in the year 1579, he relates tiirre were five kingdoms in it. We may now divide it into two pans, 1. The nortii coaft, which is under the dominion of the Dutch; ami, a. The fouth coaft, fubjeifl: to the kings of Palamboar and Mataram. Bantam was, till lately, the moft cori- fiderablckinguom ir' j.iva, initthis king is nowaviflaho the Dutch. \Vc ([-.^i. here give fomcacrtnmt oft! : r- Bantam, once t;i€ iixtropolis of a great kin^ J (till the Dutch d-.iVoyed it, and depofcd the kinj;. is feated in a plai: ' at tiie foot of a mountain, out of which ilmes three riv( s, or rather one river dividing itfclf into three brushes, two whereof furround the town, and the ot er runs through the middle of it. The (.irciimftrence of this city, »vhcn in itsgloty, w.is n t Id's t an 1 2 miles, and very po| ulous. It lay open towar is the landi but had a vciy good wall to the fta, fcr.'fied with baftions, and defended by a mmerous arthery j and the palace, or rather caftle, ■where the king refidtd, was no mean fortification; b. fides which there were fevcral public builditigs and palifes of the gicat n)en, which m.ide no or iinary figuie 111 this counfy. It was aU'o one of the greateft ports In thr eaflern fcas, to which all nations relorted, but is now be.j:ne a wretclied poor place, and has neither tiade or.-^ny thin: to render it dcfirabi:. The principal inhabitaiitk are rii: ()v«*d, and the buildings ruined, their king ipricdof ills fovieignty, and become a vafliil to lie Dcic'i. B .ia, b. the In-lians named Jacatra, and by the nativi .ind C .iiiefe Calacka, or Calapp, as they call the frii t of the cc >!-trees, (which arc very common hcK, and f'.id to h- fujierior to any in the Indies; lies ill f> drf;. S. latitude, longitude from London 106, and Ihinds about 40 miles to the r.iftward of Bantam 1 it is fituateil at the bottom of a fi.ie bay, in which there are 17 or 18 fmall illands, which break the violence of the wmds an! waves; infotiiuch that 1000 fail may ride here very fei urely. 'i'wo large piers run out half a miie into t'lC fa, between which 100 flave* are con- ftantly employed, in taking up the mud and foil which is wafhed out of the town, or the mouth of tlic river * ou!d be foon choaked up. The city of the fame name iiMih ina flat (otintry, and is almoft fquare, and about t!ie bign^fs ot Brillol, regularly built like the towns in Holland, but with white llone. Their ftreets arc wide and llrait, and in 1 2 or 15 of the principal are canals, ficcd with ftone, and planted with cver-greens : the fides of the ftrcctsalfo are paved, and over their canals arc rtkoned no lefs than 56 ftone biiilges; aft;r which derciipiion there cannot be much occafion to till the reader that the place is extremely picafant, and that travtllers are furprifcd with in beauty. It is furround- cd witii a go. d wall, aivl 12 baftions well fiirnilhed with cannon, and I'u conceived as to be of equal fcrvice againft an inftirreftion in the city, As agiiiift a foreign enemy the guns being eafily brought to ixjiiit down"ihe urm cipal ftreets. ^ "' Tlie houfcs arc plain, but very neat, and behind thc^ are large gardens well (locked with hirbs and vcgeta blcs, and moft kinds of fruit. They have fevcral hand^ fomc public buildings, fuch as the great church : the ftadt-houfe, the hofpitals, the fpin-houfe or houVe ot correction, the peft-houfe, Chlrtefe hofpital, the houfe of artifanj, &c. And there are two churches built for t .f reformed Portugucfe, and another for the Malays j but they do not allow either the Papifts or Lutheran's tiie public exercife of their religion. The fort ftands upon the weft fide of the city, and commands both the town and ro.-id : it is very large, and has four royal baftions faced with ftone, but has no moat except tl-.e car.nis which lie at fome diftance from the ramparr, they djvj been miftaken for moats, they are about 2 j feet bro.id and fordable in moft places ; the infide of the fort i» crowded with buildings, there being the general's Jioufs as well as the houfes of moft of the principal officers* anti conipaiiies fervants : in the middle of the city there is a Urge fquare, which ferves as a parade for the aar- rifon, on the weft-fide of which ftands the great church on the fouth the ftadt-houfe, on the north a fine range of buildings, and on the caft is one of tlu ir great canals: there are alfo fevcral fpacious market-places in the city. Thcfuburbs reach almoft half a league into the country and form a town larger than the former bur not lo coin- paifl : being intermixed with kitchen gardens and or- chards. Here the Chincfc chiefly live, and here they lave their temples and burying places, and the free ex- ercife of their religion, which is denied the Lutheran f>roteftants. In this part of the town alfo live the Ma- ays, and native Javans, and other nations, which the Dutch have tranfplanted from Banda, Amboyna, &c. There are fmall forts erefted every way, at two or three leagues diftance from the town, to defend the aveniics; the Dutch being Confcious that the king of Mataran and the natives would lay hold of any opportunity of re- pollefling themfelves of their country, and driving the Hollanders from their coafts, however they may feem to acquiefce and tacitly confent, according to the mo- dern phrafe, to be infulted and tyrannized over by the Dutch, there is not » nation in India but would gladly throw off the yoke, and Jecl.uc in behalf of liberty, and for any prince who (hould come to their relief. The Dutch governor ofBatavia takes great ftateupon him, and has in reality the power of a fovcreign prince. The moft confidcrablc officer next to him is thedireftor- general, whofe bufinefs is to purchafc fucli commodi- ties as arc brought to ilic port, and to difpofe of fuch as are taken fr6m it. He is fole maftcr of all the ma- gazines, and has the fii,,)remc dirtftion of every thing that relates to the commercial intereft of the company. Batavia being a place of the greateft trade in India, the cuftoms muft be very confiderable ; more efpecially as the inhabitants are in general wealthy, and almoft every article is fubjeft to a duty. The taxes are jiaid monthly ; and to fave the charge and trouble of gather- ing them, on the day they become due a Hag is dif- plaved on the top of a houfe in the center of the town, anti all parties are obliged immediately to pay their money to the proper officers appointed to receive (he fame. The money current here confifts of fevcral fortsj as ducats, which are valued at 13a ftivers ; dudtoons, at 80 ftivers ; imperial rix-dollars, at 60 ; rupees of Ba- tavia, at 30 : fchellings, at fiSj double cheys, at two ftivers and an half; and doits, at Onc-lourth of a ftiver. Some of thefe coins are of two forts, though of the fame denomination, namely, milled and unmilled, the former of which is of moft value ; a milled ducatoon is worth 80 ftivers, but an unmilled one is not worth more than 73. All accounts are kept in rix-dollars and Rivers, which are here merely nominal coins, like nur pounds fterling. The Durch, bcfidr« .heir land forces, which are very numerous, have men of war fufficicnt to eng.igt anjr fleets B«ts they arl .„dfromth| part of the gl if all the ft*-! ,10 Cape Hoi Cherebon f is, place of ^ have a faftorl 1 duces tnolt kil inhabitants arl called fultansl ik Dutch, al tbcrcllbytlil is a good fori filVing ot 801 isalafg«''=;il nrinces ot »-I gittd Hones,) palainboad , fiiuateini^ lat. on the Hi dialhipsfomd from Borneo 1 for frcOi ward «ith fur'n VIC ,a:trin^ ther the Dutch, 1 country watc fide of the t raiah, or kinf Palanihoan, nun ,i'- reach (nt LiUih coa its extent tip is uiJ to pro India corn, I are horfes, bj have great d poultry. Thj there are fori M:itaram, U A\ ■' ■ .Ik*.'*««' Captain CARTERET'S VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 301 fleets they are likely to meet with on the Indian fcas : aiid from their great ftrength and importance in tlijs cart of the globe, they aflumc the title of " Sovereigns of all the feas, from the Cape of Cood Hope eaftward, toCapc Horn in America." Cherebon is fituate about 80 miles eaft of Bataria : it is 1 place of conficierablc extent, and where the Dutch liave a faftory. The country is very fertile, and pro- duces moft kinds of provifions, particularly rice. The inhabitants are under the dominion of four great lords, called fultans, one of whom is particularly attached to the Dutch, and for that reafon is diftinguilhed from the reft by the name of the company's lultan. Here is 3 good fort, where the Dutch have a garrifon con- fifting of 80 men j about a mile and a half from which ii a large temple containing the tombs of feveral of the princes of Cherebon. It is a lofty building of varie- gited rtoncs, and very elegantly ornamented within. Palainboan, the capital of the kingdom of that name, , fituate in 1 14 deg. of K. lohg. and in 7 deg. 30 min. S. lat. on the (Iraits of Bally, through which the Eaft In- dia Ihipsfomctimes pafs, when they arc homeward bound from Borneo j fuch fhips touch at the townof Palamboan fortrelh water ar.d provifions j but the furf often beats with fu-T violence on the Qjore, that makes it difficult wterin^ there. This kingtlom, which is independent of the Dutcli, lies at tlic S. K. end of Java, in a plcafant country watered with feveral rivulets, which fall on each lide of the town into the neighbouring (traits. The rijah, or king of this country, generally refides either at Paliiiilwan, or at a fort 1 5 miles from the fea. His do- niin ,11 reaches from the eaft end of Java, 80 miles along the uuihcoaft, and about 60 miles from N. to S. but iti extent up the country is not known. This kingdom is liiJ to produce gold, pepper, and cotton, alfo rice, India corn, roots, and garden ftufF. Their animals are horfes, buffaloes, oxen, deer, and goats, and they have great plenty of ducks, geefe, and other forts of poultry. The fovercign and his lubjefts are Pagans, but there are fome Mahometans among rhem, and Chtficfe. Mataram, when in its moft (lounfhing ftate, extended its dominions over the whole illand, aoJ even now takes up a cooliJerable part of it : this kingdom was the laft in the idand which the Dutch reduced under their go- vernment. The harbo'.irs afford docks for building all the fmill vcflcis employed in the fervice j and they arc lupi'lied from hence with the chief part of the timber that is ufed in their refpe^ive fettlemcnts. Befides ihele advantages, they are furniihed with various pro* riuctions of tlie country at ftipulated prices, which are fa Inw as to be extremely profitable to them. This country is in general very fertile, and produces great quantities of rice, as alfo plenty of fruit. There are alio various fores of animals, particularly horfes, Iheep, gnats, and remarkable large oxen. The rivers abound with filh, and the woods produce great plenty of game : but the moft valuable articles in this kingdom are, rice, pepper, cadian^, cotton, yarn, cardainum and in ligo i the latter of which is cfteemcd to be as good in quality as any found in this part of the world. The rcfufence of the king is ufually at Matarain, the capital of the kingdom. Japara is the laft place of importance that remains to be mciiiioncd in this ifland 1 it ts fltuated at the bottom of an eminence called the Invincible Mountain, on the top of which is a fort built of wood. It is a very con- fidcrable town, and has a good road fecured by two finall idands. The Engllfli had once a h&oty here, but they were driven from it by the Portugucfe, who at that time were maftersof the place. This country pro- duces almoll every neccffary of life, efpccially cattle, hogs, and poultry : they have alfo great plenty of rice, with various forts of the moft delicious fruits i and their Waters abound with the beft of filh. But the moft va- luable commodities here arc pepper, ginaer, cinnamon, and indigo. In the woods and mountams ar*" f:v?ril kinds of wild beafts. The natives, very much re- 36. fcmbl? thofe of other Indian' nations, and have the fame kind of cuftoms and ceremonies. The ifland of Balla, or leflcr Java, is only divided from the larger by the ftraits of Bally, and mlhip. d of this are the iflands Lambock, Coriibava, Fl'ircs, Solor, Timor, and feveral more, upon which tiic liutch havs forts and fettlemcnts, and take the liberty of governing and even tranl'planting the natives whenever thty pleafe, frorti hence they frequently recruit their troops, and thus make one nation of Indians contribute to keep an- other in fubje£lion. The Bay on Bonthain is large, with good foundings, and a foft bottom of mud ; wherein Ihips may moor with perfeft fccurity ; nor is there any danger coming in ; for the recks at the entrance are above water, and a good mikrk for anchoring. We lay right im ler tlii: hilli at the diftance of about a mile from the fhore. Frefli provifions were purchaftd here, at reafonahl? rates j the beef is excellent, but not in plenty; but rice ii^ay be had in any quantity, as may (owls and frui'. The natives at times, fupplied us with turtle , for this, like pork, is a dainty which they never touch. On Sunday the 42nd of May, at day break, wc failed from Bonthain Bay, keeping along (horc till the evening, when we anchored in the pafl'ige between the two iflands of Celebes and Tonikaky; the latter of which, according to our account, lies in latitude 5 deg. 31 min. S. longitude 117 deg. 17 min. E. On the 2jd, wc weighed, fteeredto the louthward of Tonik.iky, and ftood to the weftward. At three o'clock P. M. we were abreaft of the eaftermoft of three iflands, called by the Diilch Tonyd's iflands. Thefe make a right angle triangle with each other; the diftance between the eaftermoft and wcftermoft is eleven miles, and tlieir relative bearings arc nearly eaft and weft. At f.x o'clocki ifter we had founded and got no ground, wc fuddenly found ourfelves upon a (hoal, having not three fathoms water, which, being fmooth and clear, aftbrded us the fight of great crags of coral rocks under our bottom. We immediately threw all our fails aback, and provi- dentially got ofl' without damage. This is a very dan- " gcrous fhoal and feenicd to extend itftlr' to the louth- ward and weftward, all round the two weftcnnort of thefe three iflands, for near fix niiics, bu: nbout the eaftermoft ifland tliere feenied to be no danger ; we obferved alfo a clear pafTage between this iflmd and tlie other two. The latitude of the eaftermoft and werter- moft of thefe islands is 5 deg. 3 1 min. S. The eafter- moft is diftant 34 miles due W. from Tonikaky, and the weftcrmoft lies ten miles farther. On the 25th P.M. wc found the water much difcoloured; fuon after wc went over the northermoft part of a ftioal. Here we found the water very foul when to the fouthward, but to the northward of us it appeared ro be clear. Tburfday, the and of June, we made that part of • the ifland of Java which makes the eaftermoft point of the bay of Batavia, called Carawang. When we firfl got fight of the land wc decreafed gradually our found- ings, and, having ftcered al6np; the ftiorc for Batavia, wc had thirteen nthoms, in which depth, night coming on, we anchored, in fight of Batavia, near ^the two Imall iflands called Leyden and Alkmar. On the 3d wc cnme to an anchor in the road, which is fo good that it may be confidcred as a harbour. We thought ourfelves happy in having attained our prefent fituation > for with great difficulty we had prevented the Swallow from finking by the conftant working of the pumps, during our whole palTagc from Celebes. In this road of Batavia we found laying eleven large Dutch fhips, bc- fldes feveral that were Icfs, One Spanifti (hip, a Portu- gucfe fnow, and feveral Chinefe junks. On the 4th we faluted with 11 guns, which number was returned j and this being his Majefty's birth day, wc afterwards fired 3 1 guns more on that occafion. in the afternoon capuin Carteret waited upon the {|(overnor, rcquefting pcrmiirion to repair the defers of the ftiip 1 but he wai dirciSted to petition the council. Accordingly on M«n- I 4G '^ ( \ m fmv V :iii I '1 <* 'R n^4 A'\ \l '^i] 1 1, 1 ' r 1' 'If i ' i 1 -•1 1 'f 3o4 VOYAGES ROUND the W O R L D Complkte. day the 6th when the council met, the captain fent a letter, ftatiiig to tiicm the cictecls of the Ihip, and re- qufiling permilFion torv-pair her; addinr Aui lie huped thty would allow iiim the life of fuch .. harfs antl H- re- houfcs as Ihould be neccflary. On the yth in the after- noon, the fhcbander, Mr. Garrifon, a merchant, as in- terpreter, and another pcrfon, came to the captain, faying, that he was fent by the governor and council for a letter, which they had heard he hud received when at Bonthain, that tlie author of it, who had in- jured both him and their nation, migiit be punilhcd. Captain Carteret aclaiowlcdged l;c had rtcrived infor- mation of a defign to- cut off the fliip, but faid, he had never told any one it was by means of a letter. The Ihebander tlien defired to know if the captain would take an oath, of his not having received the letter in queftion ; to which the captain returned, that if the council hai: any fuch extraordinary rcquifition to make of him, he dcfircd it might be writing, and then he would give fuch a reply, as, upon m;iiure confidt r.ition, he fliould think proper. I Ic then alked the fliebandcr, what anfwer he had been inftrutfled to give to his letter, concerning the refitting of the ihip j to which th'* (lie- bander replied, that the couneil had taken offence, at his having ufcd the word bopeJ, all merchants having, upon a like occafion, ufed the ftile of requcj} ; captain Cartcict in leturn faiil, that no offence had been in- tended on his part, and that he had ufed the tirit words that occured, which he thought moft cxpielTive of his meaning. On the 9th the fame gentleman vifited the captain a fecond time, when the fhcbander required a writing under his hand, importing, that he believed the report, of an intention formed u the iiland of Ce- lebes to cut off the Swallow, was falfe and malicious, obferving at the fame time, that he hoped the captain had a better opinion of the Dutch nation, than to fup- pole them capable of fuffcring fo execrable a deed to be pcrprated under their government. After tiiis al- tercation Mr. Garrifon read a certificate, which, he faid, had been drawn up, by order of the council, for captain Carteret to fign. Thi« the captain refufcd to do, bccaufe it appeared to be made a condition of com- plying with his requeft refpefting the fliip. During this converfation, the captam dcfired to fee by what authority the Shebander made his requifition : he re- plied, he h.id no tclliniony of authority, but tliat of the notoriety of his being a public officer, and the evidence of the gentlemen who were prefcnt, who would coni.rm his declaration, that he ati^cd in this prticular by the cxprefs order of council. The captain now repeated jiis requefl of having the requifition of the council in writing j the Shebander faid, he could not do this without an order from his fupcriors j the captain upon this ablblutcly refufcd to fign the paper. On Wtdnefday, the I5ih, the fame three gentleme*' paid captain Carteret a third vifit, informing iiim, that the coun( il had protefled againft his behaviour at Ma- caffar, and his refufing to fign the certificate, as an rnfiilt upon them, and an aft of injufticc to their nation. 'I'fie captain faid, he was not confcious of having, in any indance, aded contrary to the treaties fubfilling between the two kingdoms, unworthy of his rharaitcr as an officer, honoured with a commiffion from his Britannic Majefly, or unfuitable to the trull repofcd in him i nor tlid he think he had been ufeJ by the go- vernor of MacafFar as the fubjed of a friend and ally ; he then requellcd, that if they had any tiling to alledge againff him, it might be reduced to writing, and laiti before the king his mailer, to whom alone Tic thought himfelf to be tefponfible. With this anfwer they dc- 1)arted : and, the next day, the captain wrote a fecond cter to the ggvernorand council, in which he reprc- Tented, that tiie leaks of the Swallow were every day iacrealing, and urged, in more preffing terms, his rc- quefl, that fhe might be repaired. In confequence of this application, on Saturday the 18th the Shebander informed us, that the council had given urdcri fur the repair of the flnp .ii Onruft, and, as there wa.nn ft houfe empty, thiy had appointed one of the v,. vcffels to receive our ftorcs. The cantiin ;,, "P^">'' the Shebander, whether he had not an anlT'""^ "*" letter; he faid he liad not: nor was this the ufi"/" '''^ with the council, a mcflagc b^him. or ll-mc i^'^]'p All dilp,i,„ l['^ : -w....~.., - ......_g.. « I 111111, ficcr, being always thought fumcient. ingnow terminated, without any improper comhr on the part of this intrepid commander, he wl !f" thisj fupplicd for his money with every thin» h*' dcfire from the company's ftores, and a pilot w '^"''''' dered to attend us to Onruft, where we c mir '^ "'* chor on WednclUay the zind. We imhietliatdv h"'"' to clear the Ihip, and put her llores on board the c ^" paiiy's veffcl. On examination we found th ""^ weatiier-bcatcn Swallow in a very decayed date' Ir'^ bowfprit and cap, as well as her main yard, ^^.J ten, and alrotjcther unferviceable, her' Jhdthil^a ^"' every where eaten off by the worms and thc^ *'^ planks were fo much dama.^ed, that it w.is.abib'mV nectlVary to heave her down, before (lie coiihj be in" cicntly repaired ; but the wliarfs beinji; at tlijs tiulc n enf;a.?,cd by other Ihips, her repairs did notcoinm.- " till the Htli of July. When the Dutch rarrn,':?.' t-ame to examine her bottom, ; hey weie all of opinion, that the whole (hould b: Ihilud. 'Jhi T captain Urenuoully oppoftd, bring afraid, as the sVif low was an old Ihip, tliat fhould hei bottom l>e opf,,,. 1 and fnind worfe than w.is imagimd, Ihe might unj' go the fate of the Falmouth, and be condciimcj. 7 therefore defired, thit a good flicithing only nLrj', •" put over all ; but the Cawfc, r.- mafter carpenter, V- .i'j not undertake the required repairs, unlcfs the'fap.,' would certify under his hand, that what fhould be lic" W.1S in confequence of his own cxprefs orders, jir ,!* meiit J and direcVion -, which the Dutcl-.man 'th.. ,i^'" was neceffary for his own juflitication ; fof, f jj ' ' fhould the Swallow never reach I'.ngland, the blan;c if I go according to your dircftions, wiJl neverthcltrs c' 1 fetjuently fall upon me. This being thought a ,tal'on. able propoiition, the Captain readily affciitcd to it; bt)i being by this a>5l become refponfiblc for the fate of I'f fhip, he thought proprto have hrr furveyed carrfi.Hr by our own carpenter .and mate, he hinji'cif ^m;}, j,^ officers always attending. When the Hiip was repaired, the Captain beiii'. ;;! and the people very fickly, we thoii".>ht it iKtter t.i'|. ■,' the rifk of a few hard gales <,ff the Cpr, than tn k- main lon^'cr in this unhealthy place. We tlifrtforo Wr.lnefiay the iftli of Sc; ttiiiljer, liiiled froniOnruil' without returning, as is ufual, into Batavia Ri,.i(l, anj tlie C.ip!ain, on account of his illnefs, fent l|ij leic. nant, Mr. Oower, to take leave of the ;;overimr, i\\ to offer him his fervice, if he had any dif) atcins ' > F.uropc. V\hrn wc left this port 24 of our Irairr , ■•'hich were brou^^ht from I'liiope, had died, ,inJ 1 1 fame number weic now very ill, fevcn of whouuli | on our palliige to the Cape -, but wc were fohap|v ;, to procuic a number of^ I'.n^lifh liamen at i;a;n j before our departure, which recruited the ftrcnpth. t' ,t had been walled in the voyape, and without thcfc ir. ctuits, in the Capt.iiii's ouinii-n, we fliould not .it ! '1 have brin able to bring the lliip home. On Mi, !.•;,• the 20th, we anchored on the S. J-., file of Pr;rn.r s Ifland, in the flrait of Sunda, at which time wc luiii,':,- wind frelh from the S. 1'.. We fliall here defciibc line other noted illands and places in the Indians leas. (1.) The Nicobar Iiland', whiih arc fiiuatcd in t'^c Indian fea, between 7 ami 10 degrees of north latiuiit, and between 92 and 94 degrees eafl loii;.^ifiidr, rear the entrance of the bay of Bcni^al, a little north of the ir.i.i of Sumatra. Tliefe iiles form three chillers ; the ii,;i!- die, called Sombrero, are well inhabited, exceiitonr; the noithern duller, lalled CHrni.iibars, are not fo jm- pulous. The foutherticlunerofihc Nicob.irs, iucvuy mountainous, and the people much more lavage thn thofc of the middle and northern elultcrs. ThcpixlN tf CAi IAIN CARTliRET's VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 305 "" "'quired of Ul ilifputcs be fv' \*^' ='"^^r ' P''« W.1S or. '■"'.'<= '0 an an. ^'l ftate. II '"■fJthina W's c;'"l.i be fufii. t'"s time prr. ^■'' ^rj-'fnte.i ' mbrero, are drclTcd much in the fame manner as Cl3' iiouidbcd;;^ '■min th.:.j;... '•"■ klan-.r, if f "llclcfs CC,;. 'S''it a ital'oa- "'tdtoi:; bLt ■'if f-tC of ;i.f f)'*"'! carrfuilr Ill'Cif With hij our lrji!>r , [ieil, .mJ I'f : fo happy 3i 1 at Barn i l^ff flgth r! ;t •lit thr'e :r- J not nt ■ '! On Mu:.'iy of i'rnir s WC hili I.';? ;fiTibf fciiiie s lias, wtcd in tf^< rtti L-iftiKfc, 'i*. nciirtl.e af the if] ,i;,i >i the ii.ii!- xceiit nnri not fo po- ft; illCVcIJ iivagr (h;:n 'I'hcjJixlN , lint tlic ilcvi'i by which appearance they keep the habitant!' in awe. The largert of thefc iflands, which ^ iiioftio the fouth, is 40 miles long, and 15 broad: fj)Uth end IS mountainous, and there arc fome fteep ' ' (.^rtheica; thcrcftof the ifland is covered with '* , ijyt has no high land. It is a rich foil, that " *J produic almoll any grain, if it was cultivated. ![l1 jtrovcs of cocoa-nut trees that grow in the fiat ntry near the fca, arc exceeding pleafant; but we do "" find an account of any towns ; only, as we fail by f," ivc can perceive groups, containing each five or fix h fcs m eery creek and bay, which are built on bam- r^pjiiars, eight or nine feet above the furface of the unil 'h<: roof being neatly arched with bended cane, fnd covered with palm branches. Thcfe idandcrs are of the middle ftature, their com- , ion a deep olive, their hair long and eyes black. T^hc men wear no deaths, but a piece of linen cloth bout their loins; that of the women reaches below the I ,(,, Their women might be efteemed handfome, if r was not the cuftom to pull the hair off their eye-brows l,v the roots- They neglecS to clear the country, and cultivate the ground, which is over-run with wood ; ni they live chiefly on filh, and fuch fruits as the countiy produces fpontaneoudy. They have little trade or commerce with any other people ; but as ihips fail in their way to and from the flraita of Malacca, they bring o'f hogs, poultry, and fuch fruits as the ccu.-.try iSoids, taking tobacco, linen, and other necelliries in (j.) The Andoman, and Cocoa Iflands. The former arc (ituatcd in the bay of Bengal, north of the Nicobar Irtands in bctwtcn lo and 15 degrees of north latitude. longitude 92 degreea caft. Thefc idands do not feem to differ much ttom thofc of Nicobar, except in pro- ducing rice, which is cultivated and eaten by the natives as wcU as filh and fruit. The Cocoa Iflandi lie 35 lei^uci W. S. W. of Cape Negrais ; they produce great abundance of cocoa-trees, but are uninhabited. /;.J The famous ifland of Ceylon; which lies between c a(g> 30 min. and 10 dcg. 16 min. N. latitude; and bet»etn 79 dcg. 40 min. uid 8a dcg. 45 min. L. lon- gitude; at the diftaiKe of about 190 miles from Cape C:imorin. Ptolemy defcribed this ifland under the name of Taprobine. It is 900 miles in circumference. 300 in length, and 140 in breadth. It is for the moft pjrt a mountainous country, covered with wood ; but there arefevcral fruitful plains and valleys, well watered by rivulets. A very remarkable mountain, which Hands on the fouth fide of Condula, the name of the northern ilivilion, is, by the natives, called Hamalel; but by the luropcins, Adam's Peak, being of a pyramidal form, only on the top is a little rocky plain, with a print of a man's foot on it, near tuo feet long, to which the natives go in pilgrimage once a year, to worfliip the impref- lion, having a tradition, accoKling to fome, that their god Buddow afccnded to heaven from hence, leaving thit print of his foot, which the Portuguefe, when they poirciTcd this idand, called Adam'i foot, and the moun. tiin Pico de Adam t but others affirm, that it received iti name from a tndition of the natives, that Adam WIS created and buried here. In this mountain rife the principal rivers, which run into the Tea in different dircklioni. The latoeft of thefc is the M^vilUgonga, which runs N. £. ofthe cities of Candy and Alatneur, (lifcharging itlielf irito the ocean at Trincomale. Thcfe rivers lun with fuch npidity, and are fo full of rocks, that none of them are navisabie : the rains, which hap- (icn M'hcn the fun U vertical, incrcafe their watcn, and create abundance of torrents, which are not vifible in the dry fcafon. 1 he air ia for the mod part healthful, except near the fea, and the north part of the ifland, where they have no fprings, or rivers t and if the rain faili chcm, they are lure to be afRidlcd with famine or licknefi. The chief towns are, i. Candy, the capital ofthe ifland, and fituate near the center of it, in lati- tude 8 dcg. N. and 7^ dcg. £. longitude. This is an u|)cn town with fortthcations, and yet almoft inacccfll- No. 37. blc, being furroundcd by rocks and thick woods that are impauabl.-, except through fome lanes, which are fenced with gates of^ ftrong thorns : and yet it appears that the Portuguefe made themfelves mailers oi Candy, and almofl dcmoliflied it, obliging the king to retire to Digligyneur, five miles S. K. of Candy. 2. Colunibo, the capital of the Dutch Icttlemcnts, is a great port town in the S. W. part ofthe ifland, in 7 dcg. N. la- titude, and in 78 deg. E. longitude. It has a good harbour, defended by a caftlc, and fevera! batteries of guns. In this caftle refides the governor, merchants, olhceis and foldiers. belonging to the Eaft India Com- pany; and 4000 flaves have their huts between the caftle and the fea. The Dutch have two hofpitals here: one for the fick and wounded, and another for the orphans. As the boys grow up, they arc entered into the fea and land fervicc ; and the girls are married at 12 or 13 years of age; and they have a Mulabriaii fchool for teaching the Indian language. 3. Nigiimbo, which is alfo a port town, lies about 25 miles norih of Columbo. 4. jaffrapatan, the capita! of the province of the fame name, and the northern divilion of this ifland. There is no cinnamon in this part of the illand, neverthclcfs the Dutch have fortiHcd it all round, to prevent any other nation fending colonics thither. 5. Trincomale is fituate on the caft-fidi. of the ifland, about 80 miles fouth of Punta Pedra, the moft northerly pro- montory of the ifland. 6. Battadalio is another fortrefs, 50 milts fouth of the former : befides which places, there are the fcven little iflands Ourature, Xho, De- It.-ba, Analativa, Caradiva, Pongardiva, and Nainan- diva. With regard to the hiftory of this ifland, the country villagesof the natives are very irregular, being not laid out in ftrcets, but every man indoles a fpot of ground, with a bank or pale fuitable to his circumftanccs, and there are frequently 20 or 30 of thofe inclofures pretty near together. The buildings are mean, the houfes of the generality of the people, low thatched cottapcs, confifting of one or two ground rooms, the lidcs whereof arc fplintercd with rattans or cane, which they do not always cover with clay, and it they do, it fccms they arc not permitted to whitc-wafli them, this being a royal privilege. The better fort of people have a fquare in the middle of their houfes, and as many rooms on the fides of it as the number of the family requires, with hanks of earth raifed a yard high above this fquare court, whereon they lit crofs-legged, and cat or converfe with their friends. Their meat is drilFed in their yards, or a corner of the room. Their furni- lure confil\sof a mat, a ftool or two, a few china plates, with fom'! earthen and bnuten veffels for water, and to drefs their meat in, except one bedftead, which is allotted to the maimer of the houfe to fit or flcep on, and this is corded, if we may ufe the expreffion, with rattans or fmall canes ; and has a mat or two and a flraw piilow upon it, but no tcf^er and curtains. The women and children lie on mats by the fire-fide, covering them- felves only with the cloth they wear in the day time ; but they will have a fire burning at their feet all nit. r^^jj CARTERET'S VOYAGE— for making Difcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 307 minncr of European plants that grow in our kitchen 1 ns They alfo abound in medicinal herbs, which ^ know very well how to apply, and with which they Sorm many notable cures. r' , j^j [iicy m want of flowers of various colours, i a delicious fccnt, which grow fpontaneoufly j but never cultivated ; with thcfe, the young people of Mh fei" adorn their hair. With a variety of others, . have white and red rofes, as fwcct and beautiful ''^ We in Europe, and a white flower refcinbling jef- ''.' nc which the king refervcs for his own ulc, no f hcl'bti"!? a""*<^'' '" **^*'' "• There is another 1 '^r which is obfcrved to open about four every !,in'jj and clofe again at four m the morning. "'vncinR their trees the talipot, which grows very 11 ad ftrait, is in W.'^h repute. A linglc leaf of this "11 "ivcr 15 or :o men, and will fold up like a fan : tv wear a piece of it on their heads, when travelling, ' Ikrwii them from the fun. They alfo fcrvc the '" icrs for tents to lie under in the fields ; and their rtS'ire fo tough, that they make their way with them '"fwh the thickets without tearing them. 'I'herc is |.^^fjj a tree called kettulc, a kind of palm, as high . cocoa-tree, from whence they draw a p!eaf.»nt llJUl'l , - -, , 1" ■ -1 a ,1.1V i aiul *hc'> boiled, it makes fj,'.ir, called jaggory. jj i cocoa- an ordinary tree yielding three or four gallons a kind of brown The wood of this tree is black, hml anJ very heavy. Dut th.it of moll value to the Diich, as It was formerly to the Arabs, and the I'o.tu- .iifi/is the cinnainon-tree, which grows commonly in \tic wjoils, on the S. W. part of the liland. The tree ij ot a miildli-" f"'^'. *"'^' fi** ^ '"^''* '" t'l'^ '^'"■'" o* * Iwid ImI. When the leaves tirit appc.ir, they arc as rcj as Icarlct, and being rubbed between the lingers, timll lil>e itovcs. It bears a fruit like an acorn, „,ini) neither fmells nor talks like the b.iik ; but it IvilcJ in watir, (in oil fwims on the tup, which fmells fucdlv, and is uftd as an ointment in fcveral dillcm- pcrs: but as they have great plenty of it they frcijuently bum It in their lamps. The tree having two barks, [ho llrip olf the outlide bark, which is good for little, n.i then cut the inner bark round the tree with a nrii;i iij; knite ; after which they cut it long ways in Ii;;k uips, and after they have llrippcd thefc pieces otf, I4V thcin in the fun to dry, which they roll up in the 11 in KT we fee them brought over. The bo do alio ferpcnts of a monlkous tizc 1 and here is an iiniinal in all refpctfls like a deer, but not bigger than a hare. Vermin and infciils arc very numerous, par- ticularly ants, which cat every thing ihcy come at, (xccpt iron, and fuch hard fubdanccs. I'heir houfcs jrepcllcred with them. When full grown they h /c uings, and fly up in fuch clouds, that they intercept the light of the lun ; loon after which they fall down dead, and arc eaten by tbwis, who devour them alfo at other times. The common fort of bees build in hollow trees, or in holes of the rocks ; but there arc much lar- ger bees, of a more lively colour, which form their combs upon the high bought of trcei, and, at the pro- per fcifon, the country people go out into the woodi ud take their honey. In the Teafon when the rains begin to fall, they are troubled with fmall red leeches; which arc not at tirfl much bigger than a hair ; thelc run up the bare legs of travellers, and fixing themfelves there, are not ealily removed, till the blood runs about their heels. The remedy ufed againft their bite is, to rub the legs with a compolition of afhes, Icinon-juicc, and fait. I'he bite of thefc creatures is fo far from being attended with any ill confequences, that the bleeding, which is the effcd of it, is efkemcd very wholefome. Their fowls arc geefe, ducks, turkeys, hens, woodcocks, partridges, fnipcs, wild peacocks, parro- quets, and a beautiful fp.irrow as white as fnow, all but Its head, which is black, with a plume of feathers founding upright upon it. The tail of thefc birds is a foot in length. In this Illand the inhabitants make favoury foups o£ He-Ill or till), which they eat with their rice: people of condition will have fcveral dillies at their tables, but tliey conlill chiefly of rice, foups, herbs, garden-roots, and vegetables. Of flelh and tiih they cat but little. Their meat is cut into fmall ftiuare pieces, and two or three ounces of it laid on the tide of the difh by their rice, and, being fealbncd very high, gives a relifli to that inlipid tood. They ufe no knives or forks, but have ladles and fpoons made of the cocoa-nut flicll. 1 heir plates are ot brafs or clii;ia-ware j but the poor have a broad leaf inluad of a plate, and Ibnictimci Icvtral leaves fewed togetiuT with bents, where broad ones are not to be had. Water is their ufual drink, whii': they pour out of a cruce or bottle, holding it more than a foot above their heads; and fome of them will fwallow near a qu art of water in this manner with- out gulping once. Neither v>ine nor beer is made in this country, but arrack and Ipirits are drawn from rice. They never eat beef, the bull and cow being iibjcch of adoration. Neither the pcopl • in a high or low II ition cat with their wives : the man lits by him- kll, and the women and children cat alter he has dined. In this woody and mountainous country are no wheel carnages, except what belong to the Dutch near the fea coatt. The baggage is carried ufually upon the backs of their flavcs. The chief manufailures here are callico and cotton cloths: they make alfo brafs, cop- per, and earthen vcllels, fwordii, knives, and working tools: they alfo now make pretty good lirc-arms; and goldliiiith's work, painting, and carving, are performed tolerably well. We may tr*cc their foreign trade up to the earlietl ages. Ihey fupplicd Perlia, Arabia, I'^gypt, and Kthiopia, with their fpiccs, before Jacob vvent down into Egypt, which is alxive jooo years lince, as appeals by the hillory of Jofeph's being fold to ilhmaeliie merchants, who were travelling with a caravan acrofs Arabia to Egypt with the fpices of India, of which the cinnamon of Ceylon, th.it lies near the coalf of hither India, was no doubt the chief; and fo piohtabic was this branch of trade, that all the nations above mentioned fent colonies hither, whole delcendants were planted here when the Portuguelc firll vilitcd this coall. Here the Portuguefe language is fpoken ; however, the natives have a lan^uageof their own, which comes nearell to that fpoken on the Malabar coafl : the Bra- mins or priclls fpeak a dead language, in which the books relating to their religion arc written. They write upon the leaves of the talipot cut into pieces of three fingeis broad, and two foot long, with a Ikel ftyle or bodkin. They have long lUidied aftronomy, which they learnt from the Arabians, and foretell ecliples tolerably well : they are great pretenders alio to altro- logy, and by the planets calculate nativities, and direct people when will be the moft lucky days to enter upon any afi'air of moment, or to begin a lourney ; and they find thofe who s ■: weak enough to be impofcd upon, though they may ave been many times difappointed. Their year is divided into 365 days, and every day into 30 pays or parts, and their night into as many ; and they have a little copper difh, with a hole in the bottom of it, which b '^ng put into a tub of water, is filled during one of .cir pays, when it finks, and then it i "•Ii1 dm m3 ■ i' ■if lirl mm 3c8 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. is put into the water again to meafurc another pay ; tor they have neither fun-dials nor clocks. In Ceylon, the criminals are frequemfy innpated alive ; others have Aalces driven through their bodies ; ibmc arc hung upon trees t and nnny are worried by dogs, who arc fo accuftomed to the horrid butrhery, that, on the days appointed tor the death of criminals, they, by certain tokens, run to the place of execution. But the mod rcn>arkable punilhment is inflidlcd by the king himfeir, who rides an elephant tcained up on pur- poli:. The heart tramples the unhappy wretch to death, and tears him limb from limb. Some are pu- nifhod by tines and imprifomnent, at the difcretion of the judges. Wheh the fine is decreed, the officers fcize the culprit, wherever they meet hini, rtrip him naked, hii clothes going as part of payment, and oblige him to carry a large fionc, the wcic;ht being increafed daily, by the addition of others that are fmaller, till the remainder of the muldt is either paid or remitted. Any of tiic male cinglofTcs may indifferently charge another within hearing (as we do the conf^ables) to aid and alfill them m the execution of their duty, or upon any emergency; but the women are not permitted to men- tion the king's name, upon thefcverc penalty of having their toni^ucs cut out for the offence. A creditor fomctimis will go to the houfc of the debtor, and very gravely afBriii, that il he does not difcharge the debt h; ACS him immediately, he will delfroy himfcU : this fo ti. IT Ties the other, that he inftantly colled* all the money he cm, even filling his wite and children r.ither than be deli^icnt in his payment of the (urn demanded. This is owing to a law, which fpecifics, that, if any man deftroys himfeif on acrount of a debt not being difcharged, the debtor (hall immediately pay the money to the furviving relations, and forfeit his own life, un- Icfs he is able to redeem it by a large fine to the king. They have two ntndcs of deciding controverfie* ; the one is by imprecating curfes to fall upon them if they do not fpeak the truth ,- and bv the other, both pcrfons are obliged to put their fingcu into boiling oi), when the perfon who cai» bear tlic pain the longclT, and with the Icaft appearance of b«;ing affc^ed, is deemed in- nocent. ITiey have, however, methods of evading both thefebws; the tirlt, by ufing ambiguous expref- finns; and the latter, by certain preparations, which prevent the oil from doing them any injury, it is not hwful to beat a woman without permilBoir from the king; Co that the females may thank his majeAy for all the MOWS they get. But they may be made to carry heavy bafliets of fand upon their head as long as the man pleafes, which is much more dreadful to them than a hearty dmbbing. The circumftances of the children depend upon thofe of the mother ; for if the mother is a fice women, they arc free, but if flic is aflave, they arc always vaflfals. They have neither phyficians nor furceona among them t yet, as to phyfic, every one almolt underftands the common remicdies, applying herbs or roots, ac- cording to the nature of the complaint; ari they have an herb which cures the bite of a fnnke. As they abound in poifonous herbs and plants, fo they have others that are antidotes againft them. Their difeafo are chiefly fevers, tluxcs, and the fmall-poi. They are never let blood, except by the leaches, already mention- ed, from which they acknowledge they have fomctimet received great benefit. With regard to the religion of thefe people, they worfhip God, but laike no image of him ; however, they have idols, the rcprefcntatives of fome great men, who formerly lived upon the earth, and are now, they imagine, mediators for them to the fupreme God of heaven. The chief of thofe demy-^ods ii Buddow, who according to their tradition origiiully cannc from heaven to procure the happinefs of men, and aicendcd thither tigain from Adam's Mountain, leaving the inw prelTion of his foot upon the rock. They are bid, fikewifc, to worffaip the devil, that he (hould do them no mifchief; and another of their objedt of worihip U the tooth of a monkey. They worlhip alfo the uin, moon, and other planets. Every town has »% dTmon, and every family their penates, or houil fl gods, to whom they build chapels in their courti ing their devotions, and facrificing to them cverv ' '^'' ' ing: but to the fupreme deity they ereft no temT'"' altars. There are three clalTes of idols, and as " °' orders of pricfts, who have their fevcral tempieJ'"'' which eftates in land are appropriated. BuL ,'. '" the chief of thefe fubordinate deities, and his ^ a* in the greatcft eftecm, being all of the highcft caft tribe in the nation. They wear a yellow vcft ^ mamle, have their heads (haved, and their beards g to a great length. Their difciples fall down on th"* faces before them ; and they have a ftool to f,, '"^ wherever they vifit, which is an honou- only (hewn"" their princes and great men. Th^-r ,>rie((j have "* commerce with women, drinV i . ilrong Ijqunr aM eat only one nwal a day ; b uicy are not debarred from flelh, except beef. Tlicy are Oiled fons of the oJ Buddow, and cannof He called to account by the ^^t power, whatever crimes they commit. There is ' fecond order o; prielYs, that officiate in the temples f other idols ; thefe are allowed to follow any fecular ein ploymeat, and are not dirtinguifhed from the laitvh their habits, but have, however, a ccruin revenue Every morning and evening they attend the fervice of their temples; and when tne people facrifke rice an I fmits, the pricll prefents them before the idol, anj then delivers them to the (inging itKn and women, anj other fervants that belong to the temple, and to the poor devotees, who eat the jpfovi<^ ^^ ; no fte|}i ,, ever facrificed to the idols of this ctafs. The third order of prielts have no revenues, but build temples for therofelves, without any eleAion or conlecntion, and beg money to maintain themfelves. Thefe men- dicants are mountebanks in their way, (hewing a variety of whimfKal tricks for their bread. They are prohi- bited by law, from touching the waten in wells or (prings, nor mud they ufe any but what is procured from rivers and ditches. They are confldered in fo defpicahic a light, that it is held difgracefut to have anv connexions with them. Wednefdays and Saturdays are the days they refon to their temples ; and at the new and full moon they offer facrifKes to the god Bud- dow; and on new year's-day, in the month of March, they ofi'er a folemn facrifice to him, on a high moun- uin, or under a fprcadine tree that is deemed facrcd. The principal feOival of the Chingulays is obfcrved in the month of July, in honour of the moon, when a Srieft goes in folemn proceffion with a garland ot owers. to which the people prefent their offerings. The ridiculous pageantry attending this fcdival, wu attempted to be aboiifhed in 1 664 1 but the attempt oc- cafioncd an infurredtion, fo that t'le kings of Ceylon arc obliged to let them continue thr pompous mummery. They have alfo idols of monftr us (hapes and formi, made of (Uver, brafs, and other .cctals, and fometimcs of clay ; but thoTe in Buddow's i .nples are the figures of men flttiiig crofs-leggcd, in yellow habits, like his prtelh, rcprelenting fome holv men, who, they fa;-, were teachers of virtue, and bcnefafion to man- kind. The ifland of Ccykm wu formerly divided into nine noonarchies, but, at prefent it is under the dominion of one king, whofe court is kept in the center of the iiland, at a place called Digligy-Neur: the palace is but newly built, the gates large, ftately, and hnely carved : the window -ffiunes are made of ebony, aiul inlaid with filvcrt the kimt's elephants, troops, and concubines, are numerous. The ginrds are commanded by Dutch and Portuguefe renegMo officers. This monarch aflumes great dignity, and demands much refpeiA, which his fubjedU readily pay him, m thejr iinagine, that all their kiiws immediately on their demife, are turned into godsi He expedb that Chriftians (hould falute him Kneeling, and uncovered, but requires nothing more of them, rlis title is, Emperor of Ceylon, king of Candy, iihnceof Onva, atid the four Corlcs, great duke of the ievcn Corks, marquis of Duraaura, lord of the fea-ports, and \V.'"^. ii ■ ,)**,.•■♦•'''-' "T^I^Tais CARTERET'S VOYAGE—for ihaking DifcovcHes in the Southern Oce An, &c. 309 lorts. . f.(^^c[\a of pearls and precious (lonei, lord of the 1 icn full ^'^' ^''* ''^^""^ conlilh in the gifts and C m-sofhis fubjcfts ; his palaces are built upon al- ort inaccciribie places, for the greater fccurity : no If Jges are permitted to be ereded over river* or ft ' 11715 nof *"y 8""*^ '^°*''* '" ^ made, to render the ntry'as impalFable as polFiblc. None are fuffered to 'T roach his palace without a paffport (lamped in '1 The troops are hereditary, and their weapons are f*wlsi B""'' ?'•*"• '"'*'• *"'' arrows. They are [btltihut not courageous, and will not engage an cmybut by furprife, or when there is fome mani- I il advantage in their favour. It is fo difficult to pc- 'rijtc into the inland parts, and all the pafles arc fo "cl, -uardcd, that even the Dutch themfelvcs arc un- *.' tinted with the grcatcd part of the ifland. In the '■ar 1505 ^^'^ I'ortuguefc landed in Ceylon, and about 'live yiars after they cllablilhcd fadtories there, the '*iining kiiR pcriiiittmg them to build forts; and, g'plln his dcmifc, he declared the king of Portugal his heir; but in proccfs of time the Portuguefe behaving »itli great infolencc and cruelty, the young king of Qiuly invited in the Dutch, in 1639, who after a tc- liiouswar, at length, in the year 1655, fubdued the PortucuclV, and bcrame mufters of the trade and coaft ; upon which they drove the king, their ally, into the mountains, and, with their wonted gratitude, made iim their tributary. 'ITie Dutch have in fubfequcnt .cars coniniitttd many cruelties, and the natives fre- jucnily rcLili-itc by making cxiuriions among ihein, iiiuriiirinj; all thiy meet with at a dittance fron) the and in the inttnor part of the illand. (j.Vlhc Maldives. The Maldivia illunds, fo called from MjIc, the chief of them, which is the rclidence ot their kin^, lie alwut four hundri'd mi'es fouth weft of Ceylon and cape C^nionn. They extend from ,clfg. S. to8. deg. N. latitude; and are about 600 inilcs in length, and upwards of 100 in the broadcft p^rt. They are faid to be 1000 in number, but many pf ihcin arc only large hillocks of fand, and from the barrcnncfs of the foil, arc uninhabited. The whole iiiuntry is divided into 13 provinces, called Attolons, cjvh o( »l)ieh contains many fiuall idands, and is of a circular toim, about ico miles in circumference. Thilc provinces all lie in a line, and arc feparated from each other by channels, lour of which are navi- Piblc lor large (hips; but are very dangerous, on ac- count of the anu/.ing nx ks that break ihc force of the ki, and railc protligiou* furges. At the bottom of 1, 'e thannels is found a fubflance like white coral, »iMvh, when boikil in cocoa-water, greatly rcfembles lu ar. I lie cunents generally run call and well al- icrnatcly nx months, but the time of the change is un- (triain; and lomciimes they change from N. to S. Tlif I. mate is exceeding fuliry, thiscountry lying near ihfrt]uinoxial line on both (ides : the nights, however, arc tolerably cool, and produce heavy dews that are re- Ixrihing to the trees and vegetables. Their winter commences in April, and continues till Oclober, during nhich they have perjietiial rai.is, with llrong eallerly Binds, but never any froll. The fummer begins in CX^tobcr, and continues (ix months, during whit-fi time the winds arc eallerly, and the heat is fo cxcellivc as fcarce to be borne, there not being any ram through- out that fcafon. In general thefe iflands arc very fertile, and produce great i]uantities of millet, and another grain much like It, of both which they have two harvclls every year. Here are alio icvcral kinds of roots which ferve for food, particularly a fort of bread-fruit, called nelUpou, which frmus wild and in great plenty. The woods produce excellent (runs, as cocoas, citrons, pomegranates, and India ligs. Their only animals for ufe arc flieep and Iniitaloes, except a few cows and bulls that belong to the king, and are imported from the continent s but thcfc are only ufed at particular fcllivals. The nativei have not much poultry, but they arc fuppiied with prodig-i ' i|uantities of wild fowl that arc caught in the wu. , and Ibid at a veiy low price, They have Nr j7. alfo plenty of wild pigeons, ducks, rails, and birds re- fcmbling fparrow-hawks. The fca produces moll kinds of (i(h, great quantities of whicVi are exported from hence to Sumatra. Among the filh is one called a cowrie, the (hells of which (called in England black- moor's teeth) arc ufed in mod parts of the Indies inftead * of coin. , The only poifonous animals here are fnakes ; a dan- gerous fort of them infcll the borders of the fca. The inhabitanta alfo arc much troubled with rats, dormice, pifmires, and other fpecies of vermin, which arc very deftrudive to their provillons, fruit, and other perifb- ablc coiiimoditics; for which reafon they build their granaries on piles in the fea, at fome diftance from the mores and in this manner moll of the king's granaries arc built. In thefe iflands the natives arc very robud, of aii olive complexion, and well featured. They arc natu- rally ingenious, and apply themfelvcs with great in- du(lry to various manulai^turcs, particularly the mak- ing of filk and cotton. 1'hey are cautious, and fliarp in trading, courageous, and well (killed in arms. The common people go aliiioft naked, having only a piece of cottoh (aliened round the waift, except on fcliiv.il days, when they wear cotton or lilk jerkins, w ith waill- coats, the flceves of which reach only to their elbows. The wealthier fort tie a piece of cloth between their legs, and round the waift, next to which they have a piece of blue, or red cotton, that reaches to the knees, and to that is joined a large piice of cotton and lilk, reaching to their ancles, and girded with a Iqiiarc handkerchief embroidered with gold or filvcr; and the whole 13 fecured by a large (ilk girdle fringed, the ends of which hang down before; and within this girdle, on the left lide, they keep their money and betel, and on the right lide a knife. They fet great value on this in- (Irument, from ita being their only weapon ; for none but the king's olhcers and foldiers are permitted to wear any other. The rich have (ilk tutbans on their heads, richly adorned, but thofc of the poor are made of cotton, and only ornamented with ribbons of va- rious colours. The women are fairer than the men, and, in general, of a very agreeable difpolition. They wear a coat of cotton, or (ilk, that reaches down to the ancles, over which they have a long robe of taU'ety, or fine cotton, that extends from the (lioulders to the feet, and is faftcned round the neck by two gilt biu- tons. Their hair, which is ellccmed a great ornament, is black ; and to obtain this, they keep their daughters heads (liaved till they are eight or ten years of age, leav- ing only a little hair on their foreheads to diftinguilh them (rom the boys. They wa(h their heads and hair in water, to make the latter thick and long, and Itt it hang loofe that the air may dry it; after which they |)er(ume it with an odoriferous oil. When this is done, they ftroke all the hair backwards from the forehead, and tie it behind in a knot, to which they add a large luck of a man's hair; and the whole is curioufly orna< mented with flowers of various forts. The common people have houfes built of cocoa-wood, and covered w ith leaves fewed one within another ; but the fupcrior fort build their houfes of (lone, which is taken from under the flatts and rocks in the following manner : a- mong other trees in this ifland, is one called Candou, exceedingly foft, and, when dry, and fawed into planks, is much lighter than cork : the natives, who are ex- cellent fwimmcrs, dive under water, and, having fixed upon a (lone for that purpofe, they fallen a ftrong rope to it: after this, they take a plank of the Candou. wood, which, having a hole bored in it, is put on the rope, and forced down quite to the flone : they then run on a number of other boards, till the light wood rifcs up to the top, dragging the (lone along with it. By this contiivance the natives weighed up the cannon and anchors of a French (hip that was cad away near their coaft about a century ago. The Maldivians, in general, are very polite, partiqii- larly thofc on the ifland of Male ; but they are very libidinous, and fornication is not confidered as any 4 I crime ) :u), ii' I ; : It"! I I'l I kl t'l '•« ^ !» ■ ■ k' it .F \iM !i %^\M i' I !i I iy « ip ft m. ] I m'\ 'I iii ill lis 310 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. crime ; neither ir.uft any perfon offer infuit to a woman that has been guilty of mi fconduft previous to mar- riage. Every man is allowed to have three wiVes if he can maintain them, but not more. The girls are mar- riageable at eight years of age, when they wear an ad- ditional covering on their necks : the boys go naked till feven, when they are circumcifcu, and wear the ufual drcl's of their country afterwards. Thefe people are very abftemious in their diet, their principal food confining of roots made into meal, and baked j par- ticularly thofc called nell-pou, and clas, the latter of which they drefs fevcral ways: they alfo make a por- tage of milk, cocoa, honey, and bread, which they cftee'm an excellent dilh; and their common drink i* water. They fit crofs legged at their meals, in the fame manner as in olhtr eallcrn countries. The floor on which they lit is covered with a fine mat, and they ufe banana leaves infte.id of table cloths. Their diihcs arc chiifly of china, all velTcls of gold, or filver, being prohibited by law : they arc made round with a cover, over which is a piece of filk to keep out the ant--. They take up their viduals between their fingers, and in fo careful a manner as not to let any fall ; am! if they have occalion to fpit, they rife from the table ami walk out. They do not drink till they have finillied their meal, for they confider that as a mark ot rudc- ncfs; and they are vrry cautious of eating in the pre- fcncc of (Irangcrs. They have no fct meals, attending only to the call of nauirc, and all their provilions arc dreflTid by the women, for to cook is accounted dil- graceful to a man. Being naturally very cleanly, as foon aavcs. They dare not f^iit to the windward, for (ear uf oll'cnd- ing this aerial deny ; and all the vclfels that arc devoted to liim, are kept as clean as their mofqucs. They impute crofies, fickncfs, and death to the devil ; and in order to pacify him, in a certain place, make him l»ani]ucts and offerings of flowers. liach of their inofques is fituatcd in the centre of a fquare, and round it they bury their dead: they are very neat buildings, have three doors, each afccnded by a flight of fieps: the walls within arc wainfcoted, and the ceiling is of wood beautifully variegated. The floor is of polilhed ftone, covered with mats and tapcftry ; and the ceiling ami wainfcoting are firmly joined, without cither nails or |>cg«. Pilch mofijue has its prieft, who, bcfides the duties of his office, teaches the children to read and write the Maldiviaii language, which is a radical tongue: he alfo inflru(fls them in the Arabic tongue, and is re- warded for thefe fcrviccs by the parents. Thofe of the people, who are very religious, go to their mofqucs five times a day ; and before they enter it, they wafh their feet, hands, cars, eyes and mouth. They who do not go to the mofquc, may fay their prayers at home i but if they are known to omit doing one or the other, they are treated with the greateft contempt, and every body avoids their company. They keep their Sabbath on Friday, which is celebrated with great feftivity j and the fame is obfcrvcd on the day of every new moon. They have fcveral other feflivals ih the courfc of the year : the mofl diflinguillicd of which is called mau- lude, and is held in the month of Oitober, on the night of which Mahomet died. On this occafion a large wooden houfe, or hall, is crc(flcd on a particular part 11 of tne ifTand, liie infidc of which is lined with tfi eft tapeary. In the middle of the hall i, , tlV"^'^" vered with various forts of provifions, and round "^ hung a prodigious number of lamps, the fmok'/r which gives a m"<\ fragrant fcent. The nconl r fembic about 8 o'clock in the evening, and arc d 1 by proper otliccrs appointed for that purpofi'*^ cording to their refpcctivc ftations. The pricft.' '"^i other ecclefiaflics fiiig till midnight, when the wh i aflVmbly fall proltrate on the ground, in which noft they continue till the chief pricft nfcs, when thcr a follow his example. The people are then fcrvcd J i! betel and drink, and when the fcrvice is entirely each takes a part of the provifions on the table *"i prcf.Tve the fame, as a facred relic, with the wmt care. When two perfons enter into the Ihte of p riage, the man gives notice of his delign to the pand mar. or naybe, who demands of him, i| he is w illini lare, 'pto have the uotnan propofal for his wife : on his anlt ing in the alfirtnative, the pandiaic qucllions the o' rents as to their content ; if thev approve of it, the i"' man is bi()U;;ht, and the parties are married i,, the prcfencc of their relations and friend's. After the c mony is over, the woman iscoiiduded to her luilbjnd' houfe, where llie is vilitcd by her friends, aiij a.Tand enterrainiiK-nt is provided on the occ.illon. Thcbnd groom make? prefcnts to the king, and the hridc like' wife |iays the fame kind of compliment to the queep" The man does not receive any dowry with his bride" and he is not only obliged to pay the expcnrc ut the nuptial (cremony, ami to niaiiuain her, hut he mult alio (Ittic a joiniiire upon her, thoiij^'h, if ijic [hm^. proper, Ihe may relinquilli it after marri.ijre. /\ ^yg[ man cinnot part from her hulb.ind without huconfcnt" but a man m.iy at any time divorce his wife; however' ii her affent to the Icparation is not obtained, ihc m,w demand her jointure; yet as this is conlidcrcd as a mean acf, it is feldi)in pradifed. When any one dies, the corpfe is wafhed by one of the fame fex, of vvhich there are feveral in each iflmd appointed for that purpofe. After this it is wrapped up m civton, with the right hand placed on the right ear, and the Icfi on the thigh. Then it is laid on the right (i.le in a roflii of candou wood, and carried to the place of inrerment by fix relations or friend*, aii.i followed by tfie neighbours, who attend without btini' invited. Tf-e gra\e is covered with a large piece of filk, or coiton. which, after the interment, been j the property of the priell. The corpfe is laid m the grave with the fate towards Mahomet's tomb: and when dep:)fited, the grave is filled up with whiic fand, fprinkled with water. In the proceflinn bo:h to and from the grave, the relations fcatter cowries, for the benefit of the poor, and give pieces of gold and iilvcr to the prieO, according to the circumllanccs of thcdc- ccafed. The priell lings continually during th» ccrc- inony j and when the whole is over, the relations in. vite the company to a feafl. 'I'hey indole their t:;ravei with wootien raiN, for they confider it as a fin for any l)erlbn to walk over them ; and they pay fuch rcfpod to the bones of the dead, that no perfons, not even th: prierts, dare to touch iliem. On this occafion they make little dirt'erencc in their habits : the mourners only go bare-headed to the grave, and continue (o for a few days after the ceremony of the funeral. If a per. fon dies at fea, the body, after being wartied, is put into a coffin, with a written paper, mentioning hu religion, and requcfling thofe who may meet with the corpfe to give it a decent interment. They then linjf over it, and after having completed their ctremonics, commit it to the waves on a plank of candou wood. Male, the idand where the king rclidcs, is fituatcd in the center of the reft, and is about five miles in circum- ference. The palace is built of ftone, and divided into rcveral courts and apartments; but it is only one (lory high, and the architeiflurc very infignificant ; however, it IS elegantly finifhed within, and furroundcd with gar- den:i, in which are fountains and cifterns of water. The portal is built like a fquare tower ; and on fcflivil dajs llAPf*' s [he ni' N CARTERET'S VOYAGE — for making Dilcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 311 uficiaiiJ fine and play upon the top of it. P' ■ |,gyp(j floors of the rcfpedlive apartments are F'r f three fcct» '° avo'H the ants, and arc covered II kine'i beds ar nillars ornamented with gold, and when he lies and flowered with gold, like hammocks, between r" his attendants rock himlo fleep. His drefs is r Hv a coat made of fine white cloth or cotton, with l"' and blue edgings, faltcned with buttons of foiid lil'l' under this is a piece of red embroidered tapeftry 1^ reaches down to his heels, and is faftened with a f* dilk g'""^ fringed, with a great gold chain before. ackct foniieiTof the moll precious Hones. On head he wears a fc.irlet cap, which is a colour fo I 1' med, that no other pcrfon may prtfume to wear it. iThiitap'* la^'cJ with gold, and on the top of it is a ' ,j „(,|j button with a precious flonc. The grandees I Hloidicrs wear long hair, but the king's head is Jbvcd once a week i ho goes bare lcgj;ed, but wears J ijljotgilt copper, which are worn only by the royal „,|v. When he goes abroad, his dignity is dillin- .nilliid paiticulaily by a white umbrella, which no l,ij fur, another his fword and buckler, and a third I hi box of betel and arcca, which he aimoft conlhndy hfti. lie got'S to the molijiic on Fridays in great ,|,ir perfons, except ftrangers, are permitted to ufe rjujj three pages near his perfon, one of whom car fo:itp, his t;uards dancing, and rtriking their fv^ords J, (jjioitieis targets to the found of mulic ; and is jiii'niicd on his return, by the principal people ot the i'iih). He either waik.s, or is carried in a cli.iir by Uu*, tliere bong no bc^'U of burden. When the jjcin appears in public, Ihe is attended by a great (Ijniberot tcm.ilc ilavcs, fomc ol whom go before, to (AC notice to the men to keep out of the way; and 5^r ladies carry a veil of white filk over her head, that ftichcsto the ground : on this occalion, all the women frenithc feveral diftriifU meet her with flowers, fruits, i^c She and her ladies frequently bathe in the fea for f health, for the convenience of which they have a on the rtiorc clofe to the water, which is inclofetl, top of It covered with white cotton. The only lijhi in the chambers of the queen, or thofc of ihe IiiIksoI i]iiality, is what lamps arford, which arc kept fonimuallv burning, it iKing theiullom of thccountry nfvcr to admit day-light. The drawing-room, or that furt where they uiualiy relide, is blocked up with four I'rhvcrows of tapellry, the innermoil of which none inuft Idt up till they have (oughcd, and ti>ld their BaiUM. The guards appointed to attend on the king's ptffon conlill of lix hundred, who are commanded by his grandeea ; and he has coniiderable maga/incs of ;:in!, cannon, and feveral foits of ammunition. 1 lis rvcnucs confill chiefly of a number of iflinds, appio- pnitcd to the crown, with certain taxes on the v.irious |.(nluClions of others; in the money pjid- to purchafc iiilrtand ofliccs, and for licences to wear fine clouths. Bclides thefe, he has a clami to all gooils imported by (hippmg; for when a velFel arrives, the king is ac- quimifd with iti contents, out of which he takes what hi' thinks proper, at a low price, aruj obliges his (ub- :!th lopurchafe thrm of nun again, at what fum he plcifes to fix, by way of exchange, lor fuch com- mmliiifs a« bcft fuit him. All the ambergris found in ihis country (which produces more than any oth>:r part ol the Indies) it alfo the property of the king ; and fo narrowly is it watched, that a pcrfon would be puniHicd uiththe lofs of his right hano, if detciJted in convcrt- 10(5 It to his own ule. Moll of the nobility and gentry live in the north part of this idand, for the convenience of being near the court j and fo much is this quaiter tlletmed, that when the king baniftics a criminal, the fending hint to the (uuth is thought to be a fuflicicnt punilhmcnt. The government here is abfolute monarchy, every thingdepending on the king's pleafure. Each attolon, or province, has a naybe, or governor, who i« both a prieft and dodlor of the law. He not only prcfidcs over the inferior pricfls, and is veflcd with the managemciu of all religious afi'airs, but ho is likewife intrulled with the admiiiiflrationof juilice, both in civil and criminal cafes. They arc in fad fo many judges, and make four circuits every year throughout their jurifdiiition; but they have a fuperior, called the pandiare, who refidcs in the ifle of Male, and who is not only the fupremc judge of all caufes, but alfo the head of the church : he receives appeals trom the governor of each province, but does not pafs fentence without confulting feveral learned dodors; and from him appeals are carried to the king, who refers the matter to nx of his privy coun- cil. The pandiare makes a circuit once a year through the ifland of Male (as docs every governor in his re- fpcc'tive province) and condemns all to be fcourgcd who cannot fay their creed and prayers in the Arabic tongue, and conllrue them in :hat of tiie Maldivian. At this time the women muflnotappearinthellreetunveiled, on pain of having their hair cut oft", and their heads Ihavcd, which is very difgracelu!. 1 hey have various modeS of puniilimeiu for crimes. If a man is miirdered, the wife cannot profiAUic the criminal ; but if the dcccafcd has left any children, the judge obliges him to main- tain them till they are ot age, when they may either profecuie or pardon the murderer. Stealing any thing valuatle is punilhed with the amputation of a hand, and, lor ttilting matters, they are 'banilhcd to the fouthern iflands. An adultiefs ispuniflied by having her hair cut oiV, and thnfegiiiliy of perjury pay a [)ecuniary mulrt. Notwithfl.inding the law makes homicide death, yet a criminal is never condemned iodic, unlefs it is cxprcfsly ordered by the king; in which cafe he Diders his own foldiers to execute the fer>tence. The chief articles exported from thefe iflands are cocoa-nuts, cowries, and tortoifc IheHs, the latter of which u exceeding bcautitui, and n»t to be met with in any oiher place, except the Philippine Iflandi. The imported articles arc, iion, rtecl, fpices, china, rice, bcc. allwiii.h, as has been obli.-rved, are ingroflcd by the ' king, w ho fells them to , fubjefts at his own price. They have only one fort 01 money, which is filver, called lorrins, each of which is about the value of eight-pence. It is two inches long, ami folded, the k'ing's name being fet upon the folds in Arabic characters. One thoufand two hunilred cu*rics make oni'lorrin. -in their own market they frcuuenily barter one-thing for another. Their, gold and liKcr is all ini;KMtcd liom abroad, and is current here, a 111 ull other (laiis of the Indies, by weight. 1 he Maldives arc happily placed, with rcfpe^il to each other, lor producing mutual cominerce', tothcrelpec- tive inhabitants; lor though the 13 Attolons are in the fame climate, and all of them very fertile, yet they produce fuch ditlcreni* commodities, that the people in one cannot live without what is found in another. The inlubu.ints have likewife fu divided thenifclves, as greatly to cnhanvC this commercial advantage; for all the wcaveis live in one itland, the goldfmiths in ano- ther, and the like of the dtil'ercnt mnnuladurcs. In order, however, to reiukr the communication ealy, thefe artilicershave fii(all biwts, built high on the fides, in which they woik, lleep, and eat, while failing from one illand to another toexpofe their goods to fale, and fonKtiuuii they arc out a cnnfidcrablc time before they return to tlieir iued habitations. (c.) UumUiy. This is fcated on an ifland near the well coalt of India, in 19 deg. N. latitude, and in 71 deg. K. longitude, it is an excellent harbour, from whence the Portuguefc, the Hrll poflclFors of th^ Europeans, gave it the name of Boonbay, now cor' ruptly called Bombay. The idand on whit^h it (lands, is about .:o miles in curcumference: the chief town is a mile in length, meanly built: the fort (lands at a dif- tance from it. The ifland is inhabited by Englilh, I'ortugucfe, and Moors : there are three or four more finall towns on the ijland. The foil is barren, and the water bad ; they preferve therefore the rain water in cidcrns; and there is a well of pretty good fredi water about a mile from the town. The king of Portugal uatufcrrcd this illand to Charles II. king of England, 3 M v.y nk'. ■ • 1 i t %■ ' . h ' f 1 .s i ■.'^■ M i ^':: ' 'lll^Mif'^ •"' t Itn II 'I^IN 312 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complet E. ■ i ' : ■ li m m as part of the portion of the Infanta Katherine, whom I he married in the year 1662, and the king afterwards { gave it to the Ead India Company. The fort hai been beiicgcd both by the Mogul and the Dutch, but neither of them were able to take it. Notwithftanding Bom- bay lies within the tropics, yet the climate is not dif- agrccable to ibr conftitution ot Europeans ; there being but few day^ in the courfe of the year, in which the weather is in any extreme. The (hort hot feafon pr-cedes the periodical return of the rains : the night dews, however, are very dangerous, therefore preat care fliould be taken not to be expofcd to them. If people would but live temperately in this place, they need not be afraid of the climate, which is far healthik.' than in any other of the European fettlements; and there are fomc good phylicians on the ifland. They have wet weather at Bombay about four months in the year, which is commonly introduced by a very violent thunder ftorm : during this feafon ali trading veifels are laid up. The rains begin about the latter end of May, and continue till September, when the black merchants keep a ft flival, gilding -^ cocoa-nut, which they confecratc and commit to the wives. What they abound in mod is their groves of -..xoa-nut trees, their rice fields, and onion grounds. 1 heir gardens alfo produce mangoes, jacks, und other Indian fruits; and they alfo make large qua.i> tities of fait, with very little trouble, from the fea- waicr. The town or city of Bombay is a mile long, and fur- rounded by a wall or ditch ; it has alfo a pietty good calllc; fo that it is well fecurrd, and eftoeined one of the tirongeft placea; belonging to our Eift India Com- pany. The houfes of the Englifli confiO, in general, of a ground floor, with a court both before and behind, in which arc out>houfcs and offices. Mofl of the windows areol tranfparentoyftcr ihclls, which admit a tolerable good light. The flcoruig of their habitatio'hs is a fort of llucco, compofed of (liells that have been burnt; this they call chiinam, r/hich being well tempered, and be- coming hard, receives an excellent polilh. The Englilh church it a very neat building, fuuate on a pleafant gr'-^n, round which are the houfes of the Englilh ; as to thofi- in v.^ith the black merchants refidc, they arc, in general, ill (.ontrivcd rtrudturcs; and the pagodai of the gcntoos, arc noft wretched edilices. The govf inrnent is entirely Englifh, ftibordinate to the India Cx)inpany, who appoint by comniiflion a pre- fidcnt an'J councii: and the maritime and military force iii un Jti the immediate diredion of the prelident, who is ililcd commander in chief. The common (oldicrs are of many nations; but what are called topalTes, are for the mofl part black, or of a mixed breed from the Portuguefe. Th-'e arc alfo regular companies of the natives, who are called feapoys. Any popifh pricft, except a Portuguefe, may ofliciate in the churches o( the three Roman catholic par'lhes, into which Bombay it divided ; but the EngliOi formed an objedbon againfl the Portuguefe. from an apprchenfion that thofe fathers might have rather too dole a c mnedion with others of their o..n country, in the -ujacent fettlements belong- ing to their mailer: howcvL-r, there arc no difputes in 'his town about | rofediont in religion, all alike being tolerated. Liberty of conlcicnce, freedom of fpecch, riclu-s, and honours, dillinguilh the people and clime. Bombay is inhabrrcd by a mixture of all nationti Knglilh, Portuguefe, and Indiant, amounting, as it is faid, to 50 or 60,000. The prefident of Surat is ufually governor of the place, who has a deputy here, and courts of I all ice, regulated as in England. The governor, when he is u{X)n the ifland, appears in greater flatc than the governor of Fort St. George, being attended, when he goes abroad, by two troops of Moon and Banilarin.' with their fiandar**:. The natives, and ihdfe who .nrc feafoncd to the country, enjoy a tolerable good (lateol health, and, if they ufe temperance, iivcto a g(Kxl dUI .igc. fJcai Bombay are fevcial illands, the chief of which arc Butcher's Ifland, Elephanta, and Jallcttc. The firil took its name from great numbers o) cattle being kept in it for tbe u(c of Bombay i and the ^ ..i:r: fecond from t'le enormous figure of an cicnh ftone, and which, at a diftancc, has the apo!"^ ' one alive, the (lone being exadly of the cXu """^ 1 quadruped. Oi. :his ifland, uh,.:h is nearly n"^ "' ' 1 hill, and about three miles in circumi'crence ih"^' l temple hewn from the rock. This real curjoiit ""^ ' ported by two rowsof pillars, .ind is 10 feet hi Jh'*^ i"' an oblong fquare, about 80 feet in length, and fl!" in breadth, and its roof is forrncd of the' rock' " "^ i At the farther end of this lingular llrucuirciu"!"'' figures of two giants, the faces of wt.xh, however h'' . market! I jofpital, , The ma church has Lily ringing' (hiy haves' , great nu ituin fome| mch mutilated. The Portuguefe uh„ '■W'Ti poficlTed of this ifla--', disliguici and m "M ""'*'' hi ieccs of antiiiuitv as much as nnil^ui. ■'""^^B but thf <^D. been much became thcfc pieces of antiquity as much as polFiblc TkJ curious Ta'.iric has two doors, which front each i 1 near or^- of them arc fcveral images, much Asfi. . and there is one image (landing crciJi, «it|i j j"'' dagger in one hantl, and a child in the other '^*' other door, which opens on the left-hand, h,is a before it; at the upper end of which is a ra".^'' pillars, or coionadc, adjoining to an ap»ri.„tn[ ^'^ mcnted with regular architecture, round tlicco-nic" which are fomc paintings. The whole of this" pie diflers Iroin all of the moll anritjue j^eiuoo.b '1' in-;-; but with refpccl to ilic xra when wniu- '• labour produced it, n 1 ilifiovenes ha\ e yet Uui ni I Salfettc lies northward of Bombay, lKin,i ahcu-^ '' miles long, and 9 broad. Here is a ruinjtcd i., called Canara, where are fcveral caveins jn rl '^ which conlideraWy j^ratity the curiofuy ot fuch li "' pcans who yilit them. The foil is extremely icrf and great plenry of game is found in tins ithnd^ whii'h it mud be ackncAledged, is a moU ngrceab'le litu,! tion. It was originally comprehended under the rt gality of Bombay, and of conftquence became the pro petty of the Englilh crown when Bomh^y waj (riven t King Charles the fecond; Imt the PoitiiguiicdcirauiU^ us of it; they, however, loll this ill.ind l>y the iiujiium of the Marattas, who inhabit the continent borJermsf on Bombay : they are a very lormidablc trik of «eniHoi 1 who have extended their ilominions by dint u( arnu'r Their chief, or k.ng, relides generally in ihcmoun^ tains of Decan, at a foit called Karec; reported to b> the llrongcQ place in the univerfc: it is fo »c;l 3n,t powerfully guarded by nature, that no t ,icmv can a;i. proaTh it, being lurrounded by ftcep, inaci etHhle mL In this fort the king, or inar-iajah, holds his couri,i:ii] l:ves in great Iplcmior. He h.\s loiii^ Ivtn the avovnj foe of the Moguls, .Suhahs, and Isabobs; iiukiiij>w,ir and concluding treaties, jiift .is he thought li s mtcrcii I might be bell promoted. The .\Iaratus aic . '1 bnj to arms and agriculture: the ufe of the loriu. ihcy I Irarnt from the European's, tliough thcj dejiendgrcaiiv I on their targets, whuh will turn the ballol apiilol.ind ' even a mufkct from a dillancc. Their Irtotds arc ex- ! ctllent, with which they do great extcution, but thcit ' mulkcts are very indifferent. Their horles are linjl|_ active, and will go through much fatigue. Kucupeaii arts and manulaitlures receive little tncoiirj^tincm among thefe people, w ho prefer thole of their o«n inuii. try to ^he mod curious that can be (liewn ihcin Irom foreign parts. (f).) In 1 5 deg. 30 min. N. latitude, and 74df(,'. :i mm. E. longitude from Londo:% on an illaiid, about ;j miles in length, and fix in breadth. Hands the large and llrong town of Goa, \thich is the principal place be. longing to the Portuguefe in Indi;> : it was taken by them A. D. 1508. It has the convenience of a fine falt-watcr river, capableof receiving Ihipsofthcgrcatd'c burden, where they lie within a mile of the town. The banks of the river are beautified with a great number of handfome flruklturct, fuch as caflles, churches, and gentlemen's haur'*s. The air without the town ii very unwholefome, for which reafon it is not fo well in- habited as formerly. The viceroy's palace it a noble building, and Hands at a fmall di(l?nce from the cii\, which leads to a fpacious Areet, terminated by a beauti- ful church. Goa containi a great number of handfome churches, convents, and cloiAcrt, with a flitely large hufpital, I cuinot be ti«y»f""".''1 JltlllS' l«tthc<:h"J iwmberso''1 contented^* " all linlc bread iBSt li»g» iM 'V" , Iccble. Capi l^on a churches, cfi llttt there w< bodvol bt. Owrfh, a""' j,fswindowsl TV river sni4 Itnts. well pi jfti !>"■"« "'^1 11,11 fcttleM"c« (,)Thcill „ deg. 45" J. longitude; «,J fortified cor.vcnicnt oil The harbour •hich is ""»'! iloff*. It *" l(,re.:utts ' ■■ I conuin' 1 mhin, l,.llC ■.. l,V>i, ..-.Itak,-'** - ■ • ' - ■ : ■ "■^^^^TAiN CARTERET'S VOYAGE — for making Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 313 alt well endowed, and kept in good repair. 'P'P'J^jfket-placc takes up an acre of cround ; and in I k (hops aHout it may be had the produce of Europe, jf 3I Chi..-, and other countries of Icfs note. Every h rt^h'his a let of bells, fome of which arc continu- n ring'"£' Their religion is Roman Catholic, and h V have a moft horrid ri'ic! inquificion. Then arc arrit number of Indian converts, who generally 'uin fcmc of their old culloms, particularly, they "innot be brought to e?t beef. However, there arc • jnygentoos in the city, who are tolerated, bccaufe "Lv are more iniluftrious than the Chriftians, and better 'ttills. Ih^ clergy arc very numerous, and illiterate 1 L tlif churches arc finely embcllilhed, and have mmbcrs of images. Their houfcs, v/hich are of ftone, rtfpaciou.i and handfome, and ^lake a fine fliew; but ihcv'"-" ix"""')' finKbcd witiiin. The inhabitants are .pntcd with greens, roots, and fruit, which, with a |-jiljl,[cad, rice, and (illi, is their only diet, though the/ l^,(. iiogs and fowls in plenty. They arc much ad- diticii to women, and are generally weak, lean, and u^t. Captain Hamilton, when he was in this illand, y^on a hill near the city, and counted above 80 liurchcs, convents, and monallcries, and he was told, ihii there were about 30,000 priefts and monks. The Ljy ot St. Francis Xavier is buried in St. Paul's fluirfh, ar>'*, as they pretend, performs a great mahy mifsdcs. None of the churches, except one, have j|fs windows, for they niakcufeof oyller-lhellsinftcad \tsiii- The town itfelf has few manuladures, or «alu;tions, their beft trade being m arrack, which ^■, it;(lil from toddy, the fap of the cocou-nut tree. riifiivir s mouth is defended by ieveral forts and bat- mi, "'" I'l'^ted on both fides with large cannon; iiki tt'f"^ ^'"^ fevcral other forts in different places. Thii fcttlcmcnt is 250 miles N. by W. of Cochin. /'.) The Illand ot Oiu or Dio. This is (ituatcd in 11 litg' 45 "''"• '^- I^'i'ude, and in 68 dcg. 55 mm. rioncitude; and is three miles long, and two broad. ■fh:i)*"> wbich bears the fame name, is pretty large, „j fortified by a high ftone wall, with baftions at j^^fnicnt diftances, and well furniftied with cannon. Tlif harbour is well fccured by two caftles, one of ,1,1(1) is made ufe of tinr powder, and other warlike I,,., Ii uas one of the bell places in thofe parts, the {niuurci being built of free ftone and marble. It tonumi five or iix tine churches well embellilhcd fithm, with images and painting, built by the I'or- njojcii-i but it IS much decayed of late years, not one fourth part of it being inhabited. In 1670 it was gkcn by the Arabs, who plundered all the churches, inJ other places, of their riches, but were driven away mifithc lols of 1000 men. There arc not now alxjve :x Poitugucfe inhabitants, for the reft are Banians, ,lio mrj amount to 4,o.r^x>. ^?.) The lohoi; lllands. Thcfe lie to the N. I!, of Cape Romano, but produce nothing fit for the carrying on of commerce. Pulo Aure, one of them, is peopled by Malays, who are faid to form a kind of republic, kcjdd by a chief. In this itland arc fevcral mountains, onvhichare many plantations of cocoa-trees, .\rticlcs oiiiadcarf purchafeih, and nine in breadth, but in fome places nut ibove a mile over. The inhabiranta of tnii idand ircofa middle Mature, and r/ell (haped, but their com- plcmon it exceedingly fwartiiy. Their hair is ftrait and I bL< Ic, (heir eyes arc remarkably fmall, and their nofet \\ they have (bin lips, fmall muiichi, white tccih. No, 38. . . \1 in 197 deg. 40 min. E. longitude, 1. N. latituJc. It is about 13 mile* and in their difpofitions arc very courteous. They go almoft naked, except on particular occafions, when they are drelTed in a long garment girded about the waitf, and ornamented with various coloured ribbands. Their houfes are built of bamboos, covered with long grafs; but they are very fmall. They are raifed fevcral feet from the earth, on account of the dampnefs of the ground; and they have neither iJoorsnor windows ; fo that one fide is left open as well for convenience of light, as for the entrance of the people. They are very free of their women, and will bring them on board the ftiips, where they are kept by the failors while they ftay. Thefe people arc idolaters, but of what kind is not known ; however, they have im;,ges of elephants in their temples which arc mean edifices built of wood : on the fouth-fide of .he iftand is one of this kind ; within it is the figure of an elephant, and without is that of a horfp. The foil of this ifland is a blackifti mould, but the hills arc fomewhat ftony. The trees are not very thick, but large, tall, and fit for any ufc. The principal fruits arc mangoes, .1 fort of grapes, and baftard nutmegs. The animals arc hogs and lizards. There arc fowls of various kinds, as turtle doves, pi- geons, wild cocks .ind hens, parrots, and parroejuets, and fevcral forts of birds, not known in Europe. I'hc fea produces great plenty of turtles, limpets, and mufcle^t. 'f he chief employment of the inhabitants is to get tar out ot the very large trees tiiat grow here. In 1702, the En iidi Icttlcd in this illanJ, after the fadory of Chufar, on the coal! of China, was broke up. How- ever, they Continued here hut a fliort lime ; for having nude an agreement with fonic MacalFars, natives of the iHand of Celebes, to Ii rve tor foldicrs, and alfirt in build- ing a tort, and not difcharging them at the end of three years, (lor which term they were engaged) they rofc in the night, and murdered every Lnglilhman they could find on the illand. I'hc Englilb had purchafed this illand ot the king of Cambodia, to whom, after this event, it again reverted. I'cw remains of the fort are now Handing, it having been fur the moft part de- molilhcil. There are fevcral other fmai' i.^ands in thcfe fca% nimely, (1.) "ulo-Dinding, near the continent of Malacca, which h.longs to the Dutch »h;rc they have a fort. (:.) I'ulo-Timon, on the cattcrn coaft of the pcnin- fula of Malacca, in { deg. is mm. N. latitude, and lOj dig. .)0 nun. E. longitude. It is pretty large, covered with trees, and the valleys are very pleatant. It is often touched at tor wood, iiater, aad other rc- frclhments, and there is great plenty of green turtles. (j.) I'ulo-Way, near the illand of Sumatra: it is lituated in 5 deg. 40 min. N. lat. and in 2 1 deg. 47 min. K. long. It is the largeft of all thofe illands which form the entrance ot the channel of Achem, and is peopled by culprits who arc banithed from thence. (4.) I'una, 1 20 miles north of Patay. It lies at the entrance of the bay ofGuiaijuil, in ;j eleg. 15 min. S. latitude, and 100 deg. 5 mm. W. longitude. 1 laving given this copious, geographical, defcriptivc, and hillorical account of ti iiuill reniaikable illands in the Indian fea, wc thai' now return to the Swallow Sloop, which we lett at anchor oil Prince's Ifland, in the 11 rait of Sunda. I'riday the ;r,th of September, we weighed, and got under fail; tor we could not get a fulHcicnt quantity ot wixxl and water at Prince's Illand, to complete our ftock, the wet monfoon having but lult let in, and conlc- i|ucntly not rain enough had fell to fupply the fprings. We would have departed from this part of the illand fooner. but we h; d the wind frefti from the S. E. which made a lee Ihore 1 but it being this day in our favour, and more moderate, we worked over to the Java fljorc. We anchored in the eyenina, in a bay called by fortic New, and by others Canty Bay, which is formed by an illand of the fame name. In thcfe parts New Bay is the bert place for wooding and watering \ the water being fo clear and excellent, that, in order to get a frefti fupply, we ftavcd all that had been taken on Ijoard at fiaiavia and Prince's Ifland. It is to be l\ad from a fine ftrong tun on the Java fliorc, which falls down from 1 .tr il'l i- sfv «1 314 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Compirte. the land int» the fca, and by mealis of » horfe it may be laded into the boats, and the calks filled without putting them on ftiore, which renders the work very cafy and expeditious. There is a fmall reef of rocks within which the boats go, not in the leaft dangerous, And the boats lie in as iinooth water, and as eiiectually iheltered from any fwcll, as if they were in a mill-pond; and if a Ihip, when lying here, Ihouid be driven from her anchors by a wind that blows upon the Ihorc, flic may, with the greatcft cafe, run up the palfage between New Ifland and Java, where there is futiicicnf depth of water for the largcft vcllcl, and a harbour, in which, being land locked, flic will tind perfed fecurity. Wood may be procured any where, cither upon Java or New Ifland, neitherof which at this part are inhabited. In our prefent flation, wc had 1 4 fothoms water, with a fine fandy bottom. The peak of Prince's Ifland bore N. 13 W. The weftermort point of New Klaml S. Hi W. and the eaftemioil point ot Java that was in light, N. E. We were diflant from the Java ftiorc a nii!e and a quarter, and from the watcnng-placc a mile and a halt. In a few days having completed our wood and water, we weighed, and ftooil out of the llrait ol Sun. da, with a tine trcfli gale at S. E. which continued ml we were diflant from the ifland of Java 700 leagues. On Monday the a^rd ol November, we had in view the coafl ot Africa; on the 28;h, at day-break, we mad: the land of the Cape of (Jood H:)pe ; ami, in the evening, cafl anchor in Table Bay. Here we found only a Dutch Ihip Irom liurope, and a fnow bciongin'^ to the cape, which was in the company's i'ervice, lor the inhabitants arc not permitted to have any fliippiiig. "J'his bay, in fummcr, is a g-jod harbour, but not in winter J on which account the Dutch vifl'tls lay here no longer than the i 5th of November, atiir whii h they go to Falfe Bay, where they arc Iheltered frniu the N. W. winds, which bhiw here with great violence. At this place we breathed a pure air, had wholclhme food, went freely about the country, which is exceeding plca- fant; and found the inhabitants hofpitablc and polite ; there being fcarccly a gentleman, cither in a public or private flation, from whom we did not receive foine civility; and Captain Cirierct obfcrvcj, " heflwuld ill dcfervr the favours they Ix-tlowcd, if he did not par- ticularly mention the ftrfl and fee ond governor, and the fifcal." We continued near (ix weeks at the cape, in order to recover our fick. On Wcdnefday the loih of January, in the evening, . ,. ^, we let fail, and before It uas dark cleaiid ■ ■ ' ' '■ the land. Alter a fine and pleafant paf- fage, on Wcdnefday the joih, wc an< hortd oil the ifland of St. Helena, from whence we again failed on Sumlay the 24th. On Saiuiday the .^;th, wc i anie in fight of the N. E. part of Alccnfion Illand, and early in the morning ran in clofc to it. Wc feiu out a Inwt to difcover the anchoring place, and in the afternoon came to an anchor in Crofs Hill Bay. To find thi!i pl.ice, bring the largefl and moll cunli)icuous hill ii[X)n the ifland to bear S. t. When the inip is in this jx)- lition, the bay will be open, right in the middle between two other hills, the weflcrmollof whiclus called Ciolk J-MI, and gives name to the bay. A Hag-ftafl'is upon this hill, which, if a flnp brings to bear S. .S. 1".. halt K. or S. E. by K. and runs in, keeping fo til! flie is in 10 fathom water, flic will be in the belt part of the bay. I41 our run along the N. E. fide of the ifland, we ob- ferved fevcral other fmall fandy bays, 'n fome of which our boat found good anchorage, and faw plenty of turtle. At this place, where wc lay, they alfo abound. In the evening wc landed a few men to turn the turtle, that fliould come on (hore during the night, and in the morning they had fecurcd 18, from 4 to 600 weight each. There being no inhabitants on this ifland, wc, according to a ufual cultnm, left a letter in a bottle, with our names, and '*"flination, the date, and a few other particulars. On Monday the i(\ of February, we weighed, and fet fail. . On the 19th, wc came in fight of a fliip, in the fouth quarter, which hoifled French colours; and •n Satuixlay the 20th, (he tacked in order to fpcak with us. Her commander, we, after flic had left •.. 7 — to be M. de Bougainville, whofc frequent titS T^ Englifh navigators had very remarkably occurred l» '■ courfc of the three voyages, which the; niad,. !•!!'"? i the world. This gentleman made a voyagTtoV? land's iflands, called by the French, after the Dk Mauritius, in the year 1765, and was fecnbvrnm' ' I dore Byron, in the ftraits of Magellan, as wc h»v * I lated in our hiflory of that voyage^ Sioon after h ' '^' pafs the w orld the flraits of Magellan, he returned to the caftcrn co^ of booth America, and wintered at Buenos Ayrcs the return of the fcalbn, he renewed his attcrtiDt « k better fucccfs, touched at the ifland of Ju.tn Pcrnand' where he flayed two months, followed Captain \V '?' and Captain Carteret, in the manner aluady reb 1* and, by rutcefslully completing his dilign, btcam the firll native of France, who had gone round th world, at leafl in one continued voyage. At this he was on his return in the Bourdeule, havinij I'cfr'!!!' Etoilc at the Mauritius: he had alio touched « th ifland of Afccnlion; and after having hailed u< f. ' an officer on board, in oidcr to receive foine !«• "' which were to lie conveyed to FranLt, w ho, und.-r "" lour of general convcrfation, endeavoured to obu,n "v formation concerning the route and incidents of o' voyage, while by a firing of plaiMible hdions h c.f cealcd their own; but laptain Carteret could not be brought to lie conitiuinicative, fo that all the cndu- vours of the Ircnchman proved fruitlefs: en thcotifj hand, the crew of the boat in which the olTiccr had -- rivid l(H)n imparted all they knew to thole of our lai' lors whoconverfed with them. Capt. Carteret oblcrvj very jiillly on this traiifacium, •' that an artful attempt to draw him into a breach of his obligation t,i fccrctv whilfl the French commander impwfcd a fk'lion, that he might not violate his own, \\m neither liberal nor iull." We had now a trclh gale, and all our fails fci >,hcn the 1-rench laip, though foul from a lonii voyajrc and we had been jufl cleaned, Ihot by us aj if wc had'btcn at anchor. On Sund.iy, the 7th of M.vth, we luircdbt, twcen the weflern iflamU oi St. Michael and Tau.a" As we proceeded farther to the wcflwaij, the gale mi created, and on the 1 ith it blew very hard from W'.N. W. with a great lea, whn.h blew our fofc-faiUlliopiica before we could get the yard down ; this obliged us to bring to; and having bent a new fail, we bote amy again. On Tutfday the 16th, w-.- were in latitude 4^ deg. 1 5 min. north, and on the 1 8ih, we found ouileK.j by the depth of water in the channel. The ncxtdav wc had a view of the Start-l'oint j and on the zy^\ after a fine paffag^, and a fair wind from the Cipeof Go.- knowlcdge that this voyaee doca great honour to hiin aa the condudor of it: indeed this lenfiblc ofliccr fccmi to have been animated with the true fpirit of difcovcry, and to have pofTeflTed fuch an uncommon fliarc uf Ihtti- tude andper&vcrvicc, a* nothing Ibort of death couKl fubduc. r. . ' A :■! o .... -3 ' jjEW, authentic, and COMPLETE ACCOUNT and NARRATIVE, of |j\ Voyage Towards the North Pole, UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMED jythe Hon. Com. Phipps, (now Lord Mulgrave), In his Majefty's Ship the RACEHORSE, accompanied by Capt. LUTWYCH in the Carcase Sloop. TO WHICH IS P R K F I .\ K D, ^\cciiuinc Account of the feveral Vo)'ages undertiiken for the Difcovery North-East Paflage to China and Jatan. of a INTRODUCTION. JTis forfuii.ite for commcrrr, and the intcrrourfc of nations, that there is implanted in man's natiiir a lirr ol novelty, which no prcfent gratification can (itiifv; that when he has vilited one region of the tirih, he is Hill, li'e is, by its fterility, rendered umnhabitablf by human beings, and but thinly occupied h* a very incondderable number of the race of qua- druficdrs. The many and alinoH infuperable diificul- iiffthat miift thcrefoie be exjiecled in traverling thefe fnrliirn dclurts, where no relief is to be expefted, but from (he favourable inierpofition of that power, whofe iiKrrituI providence extends to the remotcll corners of ihfcirth, are. 'upon rcHeelefs, fo the event is certain. Thf hardiclt and molt Ikilful navigator, after expofing tiimfilf and his companions to the mo(> perilous dan- prs. and fuH'cring in proportion to his hardinefs the m'\ romplicatcd diflrcfTes, muft at lalt fubmit to re- turn home without fuccefs, or perifh in hia perfeverance. This obfervation will be (ufiicirntly iurtified, by a hitl recapitulation of the voyagct that have been un- drrtikcn, with a view to the difcovery of a north-caft f«ir,ijTc to China and Japan. Thchrlt who attempted this difcovery w^g Sir Hugh Willoiighby, with three fliips, fo early as the year 1553, the ;iT.i of perilous enterprises. This gentleman failed to the latitude of 75 degrees north, within light, as it is imagined, of New Greenland, now called Spitfbcr- gen ; but by a florm was driven back, and obliged to winter in the river Antena, in Lapland, where he was frozen to death with all his company. He left upon his table a concifc account of all his difcoveries), in which he mentions, having failed within fight of a country in a very high latiiude, about wh , h geogra- phers arc dividfil lotuc aiVirming, as has been (aid, that it could 1)0 'her than New Greenland, after- wards difcoverrd, ami Mined by the Dutch Spitlbcrgen; others, that what he \'<-\ was only a Kg-bai\k ; and oi" this latter opinion is Capt. Woo<1, .tn able navigator, of whom wc lliall have occalion to ipcak hercat'ter. To Sir Hugh Willoughby fuccccd I t.iptain Bur- roughs, afterwards Comptroller of the Nav) to Queen I'.li/abeth. This gentleman attempted the pail.igc with better fortune, and rcturncti lull of hope, but without fuccefs. He pailVd the North cape m 1556, advanced as far north as the 78th dcg, difcovt icd the VVygate, or llrait that divides Nova Zcmbla liom the country of the Saminoyd'!, now fubjed to RulUa: and having paffed the ealteniioft point of that Itrait, ar- rived at an open lea, fioni whence he returned, having, as he imagined, difcovered the palTagc fo painli ''w fought, and fo ardently dtiircd. Some alii rm, his Uil- coveries extended beyond the 80th deg. of latitude, to a country altogether defolatc, where the mountains were blue and the valleys fnow. Be that as it may, the favourable report of Captain Dorroughs encouraged Queen Elizabeth to fit out two flout vellels to perfe(:t the difcovery. The command of thefe (hips was given to the Captains Jackmai. and Pctt, who, in 1580, failed through the fame ftrait, that had been difcovered by Burroughs, and entered the eallern feai where the ice poured in fo tall upon them, and the weather became fo tempeftuous, that after en> during incredible hardfliips, and fuftaining the nioft dreadful nic/cki of ice and feas, terrible even in the re., laiion, they were driven back and feparated 1 and neither Pat nor his (hip ot crew wcrv ever hctrd of iiftirwardi. Aftcf If '19 m I .'' . .1 I'n i{^ ■':■< = h.W-^ I ; -■ ■ ' pv ' •jid VOYAGE TO THE NORTH EAST. After this difafter and difappointment, the defirc of vifiting the frozen feas to the N. E. began to abate among the Englifh, biit was aflumcd by the Dutch with an obftinatc perfcverancc, peculiar to that phleg- matic nation. The firll Dutchman we read of who made the attempt was John Cornelius, of whofc voyage, in 15951 we have but a very imperfetfl account j he was followed however in 1606 by William Barrans, or, a$ fome write, Barents, an able and experienced fcaman and mathematician, who being fupplicd with every neceflary for fo hazardous a voyage, by the gcnc- rofity and patronage of prince Maurice, proceeded in the fame courfe which had been pointed out to him by the Englifh navigators; but having pallid the Wygatc, found the like incumbrances, and the like tempelh which the Englifli had experienced ; and not being able to bear up againd them, returned thoroughly convinced, that the wilhet'^'br paflage was not to be attained in that direiflion. However, he travcrfcd the coaft of Nova Zcmbla, gave names to fcveral pioinon- lotics and head-lands, and planned to himfell a new couife to lUiT, by which he hoped to accomplifli «hat he had failed in difcovering, by following the llcps of thofe who had gone before him. In 1607, animated rather than difcoiii aged by dif- appointment, he entered upon his fccond voyage, with the fpirit of a man fully prcpolFcircd wiili fuc-.cis. He had heard, that fonie of the whalers, who had now K*- gun to frcijucnt the north fcas, had, ci'.hcr by di!ign or accident, advanced much farther to the northw.ird than tliolc who had been purpofely fined out upon dif- coveries; he thcrclorc deteiniincil to llerr to the north- ward of Nova Zcmbla, till he fliouid arrive at the height of the pole, under which he w.is [x-rfuaiied he fliould lind an open fea ; and by changing his courfe to the fouthwatd, avoid thofe obrtrudions which had retarded his pallagc to the N. l-'.. In this hope he continued till he arrived on the coaft of Nova Zeinbia, where, before he had reached the 77th dig. he was lb rudely attacked by the mountains of ice, that every where aflailcd him, tl.at not being able to withltand their fury, he was driven againft the locks, and his flnp liaflicd to pieiej. Barents and the greattll part ot his crew got fafc to land, but it was to ex- perience greater milery than thofe underwent who pcrilhed m the attempt. They were obliged to winter in a country, where no living (rcature hiliiks thim- felvts appeared to have exmenic; anti where, not- withftanding their utmoll efforts to prelerve their bodies from the told, the Hefh jieriflied upon the bones of fome ot them, and other* died ol the moll excruciat- ing pains. in this extremity, and notwithlbinding the anguifli they endured, thofe who furvived hadllil! the fortitude ami ingenuity to frame a pinnate from the wreck of their broken rtiip, in which, at the approach of fum- mer, they made fail for I.jpland ; but before they ar- rived at Colu, their Captain died, and with hun the hopes ot perleding hii difcovcry. It was now the a . N. W. They Iwie away along the ice till the iSrh, when they found it join to the land of Nova Zemh On the 29th, they (lood away lothcfoiith, to get cleat of the ice; but unfortunately lound theinlelvcs embayed in it. At II at night the i'rofperous bore down upon the SpccdweU, trying out, ice upon the weathcr-lK)w,on which the Speedwell clapt the helm hard a-vnaihcr, and veered out tne main-fail to ware the ftiip; but hefotc flie could be brought to on the other tack, Ihe lliuck on a Icdgcof rtKks, and (luck faft. 1'hey tuedgun^ofdll• "«f»i '■^.U'v!,, ,■ ■i.iiUk..t**" "■ages of" '.^'"J -ncVdeW "'■>■; while ifij "'''• Jciiicd ,n ''H and f„: "'""«ht mar. '"f touniricj th »»tcr thcr : '"ilTionsmjJc '•""'I'Poind,! "••i'l«cll, and '" fco^rd rhc <'i'nd, Hi;ac '"Mnd(on. 'ntcfrd tlic 01 the ycjf tier man;. ■f tfi.it h.id ircd. iiif ''inrcthat J diirktnj '" in with < inaitrial f'l a toil. (iitmc, in I'hcy Iwic found It Rff clear niibatcj *n upon •l>ow,on hfr, and ■flTC (lie ck on a iOfdll. ircJi, For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH POLE, &c. 317 f- but were not heard, and the fog being fo thick, '[^'land could not be dilccrncd, though clofc to the of their fliip ; no rchcf was now to be expected, '"'Having^left the fliip, and found Capt. Flawcs, thcv ihat land ( ■from providence and their own endeavours. ' i^ing left the fliip, and found Capt. Flawc . II embarked on board the Profpcrous, and on the gtli f liilv changed their courfc, and ilecred ior England ; " I on the 231I of Auguft, they arrived i'afc in the Thames, without any reniarkublc accident intervening. Aficr'thc milicarriagc of this voyage, on which the h shclk cxpcttations had been formed, the mod expe "lllaffc hv the N. or N. E. had no exillence. P*" n. ' n I ;.. .1.:.....,.. r„_ .,- «_. iired navicators in England fcemed to agree, that a , (|,(. more confirmed in this error, To? an error it is, bv the reafonsallignedby Capt, Wopd, for changing his oniiiioii on this matter: for, before be went upon the dil'covcry, he was fully perfuadcd himfclf, and likcwife •rfuadcd many others, that nothing wa^ more certain. (I'hcn, however, he firll faw the ice, he imagined it only that which joined to Greenland, and that no loliJ hotly of ice extended farther from land than twen- leagues; in this pctfuafion he altered his courfe, and coafled along in the direftion in which the ice lay, ex- pecting, at every cape or head-land of ice, after ruiuiing fcerwiii di (lance, to find an opening into the Polar ocean; hiii after running two or three glafTcs to the northward in one bay, he found himfclf entangled in aiioilK'r; and thus it continued till his (hip was wrecked. By this expfrimcnt, he found the opinion of Barents coploiol, tumily, " that by (leering the middle courfe bfiwetii Spiilhergen and Nova Zembla, an open I'ca pii^lu he aiiaiiK'.l, in which a lliip might fafcly fail as Ur as the pole." !• rom his own experience, he dicre- forc- piono'i'iced, that all the iJutch relations were for- oriej which aliened, that any man had ever been un- der ilic pole; verily believing, that if there be no land 10 ihc northward ol 80 degrees, that the fea is there Irn/cn. and always continues Co; and grounding his ii|)inildeft -nter- pri/.c. that ever entered into the heart of man; and ihmigli he did not hirvivc to fee it executed, the glory ol the aicliiiviincnt is wholly his. Tlie country of Kanifchaika was aa much unknown 10 his pivdeceirorrt, as it was lo tlu- relt of tlie civili/.ed iiaiioii-' o( tlic eauli; yet he forme, the beer was (lowed in the holds, and the vacancies filled up with coals, whiclt (erved as ballad, that firing might not be wanting tu warm and dry liiem when cold, or wet with labour, or with watching. Add to this, that a double quantity of fpiriis were put on iMiard, with a large portion of winc^ vinegar, milliard, &<:. itc. iind what, wc bcUevc, wat never iK'lbre thought of in the fitting out of any king's (hips, a conlidcrablc (luaniity of tea and fugar for thC' fick, in cafe any Ihould be (eized with that dreadful difordcr, which rciuleied (hip provilions loathfomc to Capt. James's men, who were condraincd to winter in Charlton Illand in 1632. Thus emiipped and provided, the command of the Race Ilorle was given to the Hon. Condantine Phipps, as Commodore, and that of the Carcafe to Captain Skidington I.iilwvch; the firit inountin<.>, eight (ix pounders and 14 fwivels, burthen 350 ton.s ; tiK latter four (ix pounders and 14 fwivels, burthen 3CX} tons. Eel us now proceed to the journal of the voyage. 4 I ALL 11^ I . ^ mi ■ 'fit*; ,i M n.i \> '!.
  • dt(Mmd their latitxideCS deg. 52 min. N. Sound- td on b'wrd the Commodotc with • lead of too weight, and a liiv of 780 foihotn, to whtch was faltencd a ther- momctrr of Ijord George (^avendifh's cuiiRrudinn. I'liey founb' no boticMn, but the water was 1 1 deg. cr>ldcr «t that dc^ii th«i on the lurface. llic Cai-cafc k)ui«ded with 450 fathoms ooly. Monday t.\, liglu bvecjm and cloucly wcatlier. They obfcr\eward bound with ie»l«, and Mr. Wyndhum, a gentk.'man of fattMnc, who had tanbarked on board tlie Commodore, withaviewtojiirn- Iccuie the voyage, finditig nothing btit foid wvirther and heavy f«as, to gratify his curiofity, and b( 4;udurt the iM-iicknds, took pafliigc ou board the Hamburghcr, in order to return home; and hav taken leave of his friends, by wilhing them a hai)"^ voyage, the Snow's boat iixik him on hoard about fev ill the morning, and at eight the Commodore and cf' cafe purfued tlicir voyage. '" Tuefday 33, the a'rtick-s of war were read on board llie Carcafe. The weather Ix-^^an to he picitin' coll. they had reached the 70tii degree of north laiitude in ' courfe nearly north, being only 14 minuics to tlte'eall* ward of London ; and from their leaving SlictlaiiH 1 this day, they had (cen nothiiiir remarkable : nor luj! any accident befallen either ot the (hij)-! worth iclatina except that of now and then fiiappiin> a nip<-, or hre;iL ing a yard; incidems calily repaired. 'I'his day « poured with rain; the air was thick, and thi- rain froje as it fell. .Saw a large (hip to the N. VV. Ilamli,,, fomhward, but wanting no information that (he coulS give, they purfued their voyage without Ipcakmg iq her. VVednefday tj, tlie n'ln continued; the wraihcr ha7.y ; heard three gi-r... ?,r.' at a dillance, but law no fhip or other object. 'Ihe whales aie here in no mat plenty, and few (hips ap[)ei.r in tlie open Ira in i„ir. lilit of them. Tltev generally at this jbroii frciment thi' hays and creeks near the (Iiorc, and only brcalt awav Hhen ilKy are purliied or wounded. Cin Thur(d«y the 24lh, the Commodore rhani^ lijj courfe to E. N. ¥.. and on the a 5th, they wcrf m '.jij, tude 74 deg. 7 min. N. and in 8 deg. 3a. min. E. ],h\. gitudc' from London. Served out u> ilu- (liip's com- pany plenty of mufhird, pepper, vinegar, i*^c. The weatlK-r extremely cold and variable. At ei-hi in ihe evening thick fog; at two in tlu' nioviiingfrcdi bra/ij; at eight dear weaflwr; at eleven Iqiially ; and si mwii calm, with fleet and liiow. On Saturday the afith, at midnight, thev had an nh- fervaiion, and foimd themlelvcs in latitude ;{ di'^. 11 mill. N. fredi gales, foinciinies rain, lloet, anil liiow . at (even in the morning clear weather and an open liea. ' Sunday 27, light airs from the fouihward, and clo\i(|y wcailier; iniicli wanner ihun the precediii".' dav. It is remarkable, that the vieiKuudcs of heat ami cold are more frexiuoit liere than in ilic more linuiherly laiiiucK It often changes from teinpcratt- to e.vtrcine cuhl; and that (uddctiK . It Ihould ferm likewife, that the i' frequently chaiii^es its place in this latitude; or that it is more folid iKar land tliaii in the open fta; (or, on ik 43d of June, 1676, Captain Wood, fK-iiig inoa- lo the (alt. ward, foil in with ice right ahead, nut more than 1 leagtK' didant. He (leered along it, thinking it hnd openings but found them to be bays. He (ouiidti), and found gro*ind at 158 fathoms, (oft green oiir. In ((line places he found pieces of ice driving off a mile from the main body in ftiange fliupes, relcmlihns (hips, trees, buildings, bcalls, (ilhcs, and even nun. 'Hie main bodv of ice being low and cragg\ , In; coiilil fee hills of a b(uc colour at a didance, ami valleys that were white as Inow, In Ibnie places, he oblirvid diilt wood amtmg the ice. Some of the ice he mdird, and found it liefh and good. 'I'his navigator nc\rt could advani e (iirthcr to the north ; but in Icrking to pcneiralo ihe ice was (hip-wrecked, as has been alnady related in the Introdudjon. He thcrelorc judm'd the ice imjH-neiiable, and that land or ice (uriouiKkd the jHile. Our navigatoi-K f't 'even in the ninming, faw two fail in the \, W. qu^irtcr. At half pad twelve tacked and flood to the eaft. Sounded, and found ground at 115 fathom. Thurfday July 1, light breezes and clear weather at jTiidnight : the I'un as bright as at noon day. Black Point K. one half S. diltant fevcn leagues. At three in the morning made Charles's Ifland, and at nine faw J fail to the wcdward whalciog; they were then in latitude 78 deg. 18 min. N. by obfcrvation. Soundid jnd found the fame depth as before. Friday 2, light airs and nioderaic weather. Lay to and took the aiiitudcofa mountain, which ihcy named Jlount ParnalRis ; found it from the level of the fca to be 3960 ffft high, covered with fnow, and at a dilhncc ri-fcnibling an ancient building, with fomc- ihing like a turret a-top. The fo."c ever fo deeply buried in the earth, or co- vered with rtones. The dead therefore that annually jtc buried here may contribute, in fome degree, rothe fubliftcncc of a few of thefe creatures in winter j but the qucllion will (lill recur, how the race of them fubliiled bclorc the whale-filhery had exilUnce, and before men tounJ the way to this inhoipitable IhorC. Uil.H'ilitions of thii kind, as they are beyond the reach of human comprchcnlion, I'crve only to raifc our admiration of lh.it omnipotent Being to w hoin nothing is impolFible. riidl- tre.uuics, as they differ in nothing but their colour ami iV/.i- from thofe commonly Ihewn in Kngland, need no defcription. The loj*^ dller little in fliapc from thofe wc arc ac quaintcd witli, but in colour there is no limilitude. Their heads ate black, and their bodies white. As they are bcallsof prey, if they do not orovide in fum- mcr lor the long recefs of winter, it were, one would think, almoll impoHiblo for them to furvive; yet they ate fan m plenty, though, by their fubtlety and fwift- nclii, they are not eafy to be catched. The Dutch feanun lepoit, that when they arc hun- gry, they will (cign thcmfelvcs dead, and when the ra- venous birds come to feed ujx>n them, they rife and nuke them their prey. But the mod wonderful thing of all is, how the deer can furvive ait eight months (amine. Like ours they feed upon nothing that can be perceived, but the vcge- tahks whuli tile earth fpontaneoufly produces; and yet tor cigiu months in tlie yeai*, the earth produces neither plant, hcib, Ihiub, or blade of any kind of grafs whatever. They are, belides, but thinly doathed for fo fevere a climate, and what feems ilill worfc, there is not a bulli to be feen to (helter them, within the dillancc that any man has yet difcovered. The means of their rubfidence mull therefore remain among the fccrcts of nature, never to be difclofed, as no hu- man being can c\er live here, fo as to be able to trace thcle creature- to their winter's refidcncc. Amphibious creatures abound the moll about the founds and bavs of Spitllvrgen, and they feem bcil adapted to etuturc the climate. Thefc are the feals, or lea dogs, and luorres, or fea horl'es; of which the whalers avail themftlves, when difappointed in com- plcating their lading with, the fat of whales. The leal is fulliciently known; but the fci-horfc, as it is a creature peculiar to high latitudes, is therelbrc more rare. It is not eafy to lay how he came by his name; for there is no more likenefs between a fea-" horfe and a land-horfc, than there is between a whale and an elephant. The fea-horfe is not unlike the feal in fliape. He has a large round head, larger than that of a bull, but (haped more like that of a pug-dog with- out cars, than any other animal we arc acquainted with. He tapers all the way down to the tail, like the fifli wc call a lump, and his flze is equal to that of the largeft fized ox. His tulks dofe over his under jaw, like thofe of a very old boar, and are in length from one foot to two or more, in proportion to the fizc and age of the animal that breeds them. His (kin is thicker than thac of a bu'!, and covered with fliort moufe-coloured hair, which is flecker and thicker, Jufl as he happens to be in or out of feafon when he is caught. His paws, be- fore and behind, are like thofe of a mole, and ferve him for oars when he fwims, and for legs to crawl when he goes upon the ice, or on Ihorc. He is a fierce ani-^ mal, but being unwaild/ when on land, or on the ice, is ealily overcome. Thefc animals arc always found in herds, fometimes of many hundreds together, and if one is attacked, the reft make a common caufc, and Hand by one another till the laft gafp. If they are attacked in the water, they will fight dcfpcrately, and will even attempt the boats of their purfiiers, if any of them are wounded, and not mortally. Some of them have been known to make holes in the bottom of the boat with their tuiks, in defence of their young. Their eyes arc large, ancl they have two holes in the upper part of the neck, out of which they cjeft the water, in like manner as it is cjcded by whales. Though the fea about Spitlbergen is full of fiQi, ycl they rather appear to be defigned by Providence for the fullenancc of one another, than for the food of man. The mackarel, of which there are no great plenty, feem not only to be the mofl wholclbme, and the moft pala- table, but alfo the moll beautiful. They feem to be a different fpecics to thole caught upon our coalls. The upper part of the back is of a vivid blue ; the other part as low as the belly of a gem-li c green or an azure ground. Underneath the belly the colour is a tranfpa- rent white, and the finslhine like polilhcd lilver. All the colours glow when alive in the fea with fuch a richnefs, that fancy can hardly form to itfelf any thing in nature more beautiful. Almoll all the other fifli on this coaft are of an oily nature, and of a very indifferent flavour. The faw, or fword-filh, is remarkable not only for the oddity of his Ihape, but alfo for his enmity to the whale. This filh takes his name from a broad flat bone, in length from two to four feet, which projeds from his note, and tapcri to a point. On each fide, it has teeth like a comb, at the didance of a finger's breadth afundcr. He is alfo furnilhed with a double row of flns, and is of aflonifliing ftrcngth in the water. His length from ten to twenty feet. He feems to be formed for war, and war is his profelTion. The con- flidl betwixt him and the whale is dreadful, yet he never gives over till his fword is broken, or he' comes oft" victorious. The whale is a harmlcfs flih, and is never known to fight but in his own defence. Yet when he is exafpe» rated, he rages dreadfully. Though from his magni- tude, he may be called the fovereign of the feas ; yet like other fovercigns, he is liable to be vexed and hurt by the mcancll reptiles. The whale's loufc is a mofl tormenting little animal. Its fcales arc as hard as thofe of our prawns; its head is like the ioufe's head, with four horns, two that fervc as feelers, the other two arc hard, and curved, and fervc as clenchcrs to fix him to the whale. On his cheff, underneath, he has two carvers like fcythes, with which he colleds his food, and behind thefc arc four feet, that I'crve him for oars. He has, moreover, fix other clenchcrs behind, with which he can rivet himfclf Co clofcly to his prey, thac he can no othcrwifc be difengaged, but by cutting out the whole piece to which he is joined. He is jointed on the back like the tail of a lubllcr, and his tail covers him like a fliicid when he is feeding. He fixes himfclf en Li'M- s . ',, ■iw ■ -4 . * I ■< I ■: i? 1 ''"I i ' ! I: :t )> i li lii i '^ i-i ii ■-■ •! % 324 Commodore PHIPPS (now Lord MULGRAVE's) VOYAGE M; ! on the tcmierefl parts of the whale's body, between his fins, on his flicath, and on iiis lips, and eats pieces out of his fiefli, as if eaten by vultures. They found nofpringsof frefh water in Spitfbcrgen; but in the valleys, between the mountains, are many litrli' rills caufcd by the rain and melting of the fnow in fummcr ; and Irom thcfe rills the fliips arc fupplied. Some are of opinion, that this water is unwholcfome, but they arc more nice than wife. The whaling peo- ple have drank of it for ages, and have found no ill efTecis fioni the ufc of it. Ice taken up in the middle of thefc le.is aiui thawed, yields alfo good frelh water. On board the Race Horie, Dr. Irvine, the gentleman who received the premium by a grant of parliament, for his difcovery of an eafy procefs for making falt- watcr frefli at fca, tried nianv CNperiments at Spitf- bcr|.'en, and in the courfc of the vo)agc ; the refult of ^vhlth will appear at a proper time. That gentleman had formed a projcit for prefervnig flefli-meat frelh and fwcet in long voyages, but it did not anfvvcr in this. In calm we.nther they remarked, that the fea about the iflands appeared uncommonly flil! and fmooth ; that it was not fiidi'.enly moved at the lirft approach of blowing weather; but that when the florm continued, the waves fwelled jiradually, anil rofe to an incredible height. Thefe futlling vvavcs luccelTivcly follow one another, and roll along before the wind, foaming and raging in a fngliilil mariner, yet they are thought lefs dangerous than thole that break fhort, and are Icfs mountainous. They ohfi rvcd likewifc, that the ice that rcftcd on the ground was not ftationary, but thic it changed place J ami they k.irnt alfo, that in feme feafons there was no ire, when- ilii^ feafun they were in danger of being enibnved. 'i'lu re dues not. however, from thence apper.r ihe least re.ilon to conclude, that any pradica- ble p:in!i;;e to ihi Indian ocean can ever be found in this diuction; for were it certain that the feas were always open under the pole, )ct great bulwarks of ice cvidtniiy I'urrouiid it. fomctimcs at a lefs, and fome- times at a grtater difiancc. Moreover, were it pof- fible that dunce fliould direift foine fortunate adven- turer to an i)[iening at one time, it would be more than a million to one, it the fame opening were paflablc to th'" ruxt who llmul.l attempt it. Thf re arc many harbours about Spitfbergen, befides that of Smcaringhuig, where fliips employed in the whr.lc fiflicrv take ihelter in (lormy weather; and there are fome iflands, fuch as C'h.irles's Illand, the Clifted Rock, Krd-Mill, Hacliiit's Headland, &:c. that fervc as land-mark?, by which feamen ditcii their courfc. Ihefc llland^ are full of the mils of birds ; but their fggs arc as naiilVnus as thr tlelli of the fowls that lay them. Ihe f.iilors tomitimes eat them, but they arc filthy food, r.ven the geefe and ducks on the neigh- bouring illaiids eat lilhy and (trong. The a;r about .Spitfbergen is never free from ificies. If you look thmugh the fiin-beams tranfvcrfely as you fit in the lliade, or wh.re you fee the rays confined in a body, inllead of liark motes, as arc feen here, you fee myriads of ftiining particles that fparkle like dia- monds ; and when the fun fliincs hot, as it fometimcs d(xs, fo as to nult the tar in the feams of fliips when they lie Iheitered from the wind, thefe fliining atoms fcem to melt away, and defcend like dew. It is felilom tiiat the air continues clear for many days together in this climate; when that happens, the whalers are g'-nerally fuccefsful. There is no differ- ciKC between night and day in the appearance of the atmofplure about Spitthergen, one being as light as the ofh r, only when the fun is to the northward, you may look at him with the naked eye, as at the moon, without daz7.li «■,. The fogs here , -mc on fofuddcnly, that from bright fun-lhine, you arc prcfently involved in lu Ii obfcurity, that you can hardly fee from one end of tlie lTiii> to the other. While our |()urnali(l was bufy in making his obfer- tnrioni, all belonging to the (Inps wcrcdm'crcntly en- gaged in one employment or other ,- fornc in takin water, fome in filhing, fornc in hunting, fo, i'!"! handing the fails, and fpreading them out to'Vl fome in fcrubbing the (hip. and lome in viewi,, k'\ country. The Commanders and officers, with M 'I Lyon, Mr. Robinfon, &:c. bufied thcmfelvcsin mak' obfervations, being furnifhed with an appar.itus i"^ is faid to havecoft at Itaft 1 500 pounds. i.-rnni iii'i'^' fct of inftruments, in the hands of the ablcl! oV- -.'^ the nation can boaft, fome very confuicrable dir ov . "' in the phscnomcna of the polar regions may be iv '^!i^i^ ed. They landed their ir.flruments in a ImaJI ii ' j in Voglc Sound, and had fcveral ppportunitics iln their Ifay of uling them to advantage. Having ercdM two tents, the Captains from the fiflicrv Ircciucntl vifitcd the obfcrvers, and e.spreired their adnuran ^ not only at the perfedion of the inflruments h°" likewifc at the dexterity with which they were atco "' modated. "'" The ice began to fct in a-pare, yet the wcithcr wa. hot. The thermometer from 56 in the cabm rui^. 9Q in the open air. It was ftill 10 deg. high,r on th^ top of a mountain to which it was carried. The ifla \ on which the experiments were made, they call J Marble Ifland, from the ruck by which it is forme t Having watered, and finiflicd their obfervations, the '(hips prepareii to depart. Monday July the 19th, the Commodore made the figna! to weigh; at two in the afternoon the fliips \\„e under fail, and as foon as they had made their oIlinL' (lood to the eallward. At three they tacked and lUcr! cd northward ; and before four were again cntantlcj among the liwfe ice, through which they l.ijlci! Ji. reding thcireourre along the main body,u'hitli lav'fmm N. \V. toS. S.F. ' ' Tucfday the 20th, they continued their courfe along the ice, but could difcover no opening, though thty fearched every creek, and left no bay or turning un- examined. This itay they obfcrved what the Liilors call a mock-fun, a phicnonienon well enough known m this climate. Ha-luit's Headland bore S. \V. one half S. 46 leagues; the weather cloudy, with rain ; cxccflivc cold. 1 hermometer 37 deg. 46 min. Wcdncfday :he :t«. the levcrity of the weather in- crcafing, an additional quantity of bi.mdy w.is fcrvcj out to the people, and every lomforiible riirclhincnt afforded them, that they thcmfelves could wifli or tc- quire. The courfc of the ice by this day N. E. Thurfday 22, nothing remarkable. Friday the s;d, they faw land from E. by S. toS. E. by S. At four in the morning, Hacluit's lleailLmd bore S. I£. 10 leagues; the wind variable, and ihe weather cold, with fleet and fnow. Thcrniomtttr jd deg. Sunday 25, they had gentle breezes, with cloudy weather, and were engaged among fome pieces of icf feparated from the mam body, which kept thcin con- tinually tacking and lufling. At length they entered among mountains and iflands of ice, which came upon them fo (aft, that it was with the utnioll difficul- ty they could [)rocecd; the Carcafe having ftvenl tunes ftruck againlt them with fuch violence, as to raifchcr head four feet out of the water. '1 hey now imagined, from the lolidify and extent of thcl'e illands, that the late ftrong gales had cauled a fcparatioii from the main body, the Commodore tlu retorc changed his courfe with a llronggalc to the eallward ; inthemorn- ing the weather became inodcrate. Monday 26, at ("even in the morning, thrycamein fight lit Red Hill, a fmall mount which commands an open plain, known by the name of Deers Field, hy tea- foil of its fertile appearance, it being ihe only fpoton which they (aw no drifts of fnow. 'fo the eilhvard lies Muflin's ifland. Here they founded, and found 45 fathoms water; rocky ground. Captain Lutwych fcnt out the long boat, with orders to found along the (Itorr, and to examine the foil. This ifland is about a mile long, very low, and looks at a diftance like a black fpcck. Though the (oil is niodly land and loofcftoncs, add i,..biivl.^y(^>4u ..iAk*.ti*^»««*- Age f'fnc in tai,;„ . I ntiMjr rr^'H fe. 'oinciJ I "' '" dry r , • **"'! Mr f .''^"'(iidiJ .;' '!"■•'" Ill, ">■ '-niuenti; For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH POLE, &c. 325 jhafJIy '^ mutli as a green weed upon it, yet it in ' I jble for the number of birds'that rcioit to it in fio lay their egj^s, and breed their voting ; and .(jiotonc kind only, but of many dilKrent lorts, 1 J' ducks, burfjomallcrs, ire-birds, malH>nuek.l not continue long. By an accurate obierva- jivn. they were now in latitude 80 leg. 47 min. N. and I n lii>cef. They are many riiiinn larger than the largelloxen, and weigh heavier. Ill tiianv parts of their body they arc inufkct proof, and unll!^ ihcy are hit on the open cheft, t)r on the llank, 1 bldtv with u mulket ball will \ rdly make them turn their backs. Some of the bears killed in thcic encoun- ters weighed from 7 to 800 weight. Thuilday 19, failing among innumerable illands of ice, they found the main bc ferious, and it was difcovered 100 late, that by grappling to the ice, asprac- tifed by the Greenlandmcn, they hacTcndiingered the lots of the Ihips, the loofe ice doling to fad about them that thev found it ablblutely inipollible to get them dileiii^aged; ^•il there was, Inlides, gicat reafon to fear, that one or both would l(>on be crulhed to pieces. The Cuinmo- doie fet all hands to work to form a dock in the IbliJ ice, large enough to moor both Ihips; arid by the ala- crity ^vith which that fervice was performed, the (hips were pivlerved from the danger of iinnudiate delhuttion. The Ihips being diiis far fecured, the otticers, pilots, and mailers, were all fiimmoned on board the Commo- dore, to confult on what was to he done in their prciiiit unpromifin,^ fituation ; when it was uiuuiimoully agreed, that dieir deliverance was hopelcis; and diat tliey mull either provide to winter upon the adjacent illands, or attempt to launch their boats into die open lea, whieli was already at a coiifiderable didatiee, for tiie loole ice had poured into die bay in which they were at anchor with lb much rapidity, and in lucli alloiulhing cpianti- ties, that the open lea was already far out of light. Bc- ibre any thing farther was undertaken, the men were ^ N ordered i ■\i K :.;]' • :■„( . (■ i ;: ■ i^ ' ■ i J* i ii I "4 J f ■/ 'fii -, ' iV' I !! U ■' \'^ y>:ii ^1' .. 1^ :v, '4 i: i: 'Hi ^y "' a m m ■ iini;^' ';"*'• J- it' r ■l-i'iy mi ;;t 328 Commodore PHIPPS (now Lord MULGRAVE's) VOYAGE. 1 r 1 i ki iTr ii fi pi if 1 1 Ordered to their quarters, tliat they mighl refrelh thcin- Il-Ivcs with flecp. Augiill 12, it was now thought advifciiblc to inal;c one dcTpcratc attempt to extricate the fhips, by iiittiiii; a channel to the wcftward into the open lea. The fcoop- injT out the dock w ith fo much expedition, l)y a party otily of one Ihip, raifcd high expcttationsoF what might be performed by the united labours oF both the crews. No body of men ever undertook a work of fuch dif- ficulty withfo much chccrfulnefs and confidence offuc- cefs, as the failors obfcrved on this ociulion. Their ice-laws, axes, Hedges, poles, and the wnnlc group of fea-tools, were in an inllaiit all employed in facilitating the work; but after cutting through blocks of lolid ice from 8 to 15 ffct deep, and coming to others of many fathom.s, that exceeded the powers of man to feperate, that was laid alidc as a hopelefs project; and another more promifing, though not lefs laborious, adopted in its room. On the 3rd of Augiift, after the men had again re- frcfhcd themfelves with llcep, it was rcfolved to fit up the boats belonging to both the fliips with fuch cover- ings as were moll ealy to be accommodated, and of light- ed conveyance; and by (kating them over the ice, en- deavour 10 launch them in the open fea. Could this be flFcflcd, they hoped, that by failing and rowing to the iiorilicninioll harbour of S])itfbergeii, they might arrive at that idaiid, before the departure of the lall (hips be- longing ■ ,) the fifhery for Kuriipe. \Vhilc the boats were getting ready for this ex- pedition, a I'econd partv were difpatchcil to the ifland, w iih orders to take the diftancc as exad as it was pufTible to the nrarcfl open fea. As all the people l)elonging to the (liip'i were not to be engaged in thefe fervices thole V ho were unemployed diverted themfelves in huntii\g and killing the bears, that now, attra6ted perhaps by the ra\ ory Imell of the provifions dreffed <«i board the (hips, came every day over the ice to repeat their viliis. Several of thefe wete killed occafionlly, and thi^ day thcv fought a Ica-horl'e, in which engageincm the licond lieutenant of the Curcafe (ignalized his courage in a moll delperate rencounter, in which, however, he xcecded, though his life was in imminent danger. On the 51)1 they had pcntle brecres; but about four in the morning linail (lect. 'I'he ice ftill funtninding them, and appearing to grow more and more (olid and fixed, tho.1' v\ho had till now retained hojKsthat the foiith-call vind would again difunitc its fiibilance. and open a paf- fage (or th>.;r deliverance, l)cgan to defpair, as the wind had blown fi)rtwentvlour hours from that (|uartcr, from which alone they could have relief, and not the leall al- teration to be perceived. The men, however, were as joyous as ever, and lliewed not the lead concern at)out the danger of their (ituation. Friday the 61I1, the weather calm, but foggy, and the vind> variable; they dilcovercd that the drift of tin (hip, with the whole boartv of (ailors, to the northern- moll iliand, to (ec what dil'coveries could be made from the promontories there. They rr'.irncd at night, afier a iuti;^uiiig journey, with a diiinal account, that nothing was to be ken Iroin ilu'iKe but a valt continent of ice, tif which there was no end; and that the thought of vsiii- tering in (iich a (ituation was more dreadlid, tiiaii that of jXTilliing l)v indaiu death. Saturdav 7, the wind let in N.N'. K. veered to tlte X. ■ to the N'.i-l. and F,. piercing cold. This day ilie l)oats were all brought in readinels on the ice, fitted with weather doaths about 13 inches above the gunnels, in order to keep olF the cold as much as ptiliible, if by good fortune they (liould be enabled to launch them in an o[)en (ea. Tlii^ day was em|>lovcdchielly in boiling j)rovi(i()!is to pul ill the boats lor the liilendcd voyage; in delivering out liags to the men to earry their bread, aiins. .Ml hcanswciq now again rc\ ivcd, and the pr'** For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH POLE, &c. 329 rtjple on board had not been able to force their ine 'hip* ""'fh more ihan a mile, when th' r"ilic launches joined them. And now, excited by I'riofitv or inuiiirt is not cafy to determine, feve- ^1 tame porting over the ice to be fpe^ators of „^riure, and advanced fo near ihc Ihips, that they Kjvc b«e^ ^*'''y nwrtered, had not the men been (feioully employed. ■ ^ r lav the lOih, abo\it two in the mornmg, the fog [ikick, and the weather calm, and the men very jj^iju'ed, they were ordered to their quarters, to lihcuil'-'ves with deep. It was, bcfides very cold, _ich rain fell > s^id as the wind was variable, they Lite but little progrcfs. The ice, in the morn- L|y keined rather to clofe upon them, than to di- lS'b«'"g apprehenfive for their boats, they att6r:pt- Lkoilt the launches on board, but that belongijg to (iiaie being either too imweildy, or the men too ■ IjUjjued to cffed it, they flung her to the Ihip'.i J fight the breeze fprung up fiefh from the N. utdingly cold, but opening the ice to the weft- "ihev then made all the fail they could, driving Tu luofening ice, and parting it wherever it was tie with their whole force. Towards noon they lyt of the Seven Iflands. And in a very little while ttttiicir great joy, Spitfbcrgen wa:t feen from the k^fJay II, the men who, with hard labour, cold Itfihin;;, *'erc much dilpiritcd, on the profpefl of ^dchvcraiic ^ad feeing the ice no loneer adhere ^v.jble bouies, began, after a little reircihment, ; I'nrir wonted cncarfulneb. They continued i i\\ thii day through the loofe ice. lav (he istn, they cleared the ice, and bore away rii [ails fci for the harbour of Smearingburg, in iilxv li^'l before cart anchor. At two in the altcr- lim anchored in North Uay, the north part of bSuund bearing north 45 catt, diftance about four At half after four the Commodore made the iv weigh ; and at halfpaft nine, came to an anchor ' funnor fUtion, wheic they found four Dutch idaieii Ivinj; in rradincCi to depart. Thefc icnacqui) ' 'crl ' • Commodore, that all the En- Kjlhing (liipi let I il on the lOth of July, the day to J liicy arc oblif^cd by coiurafl, to (lay to entitle fo»iiCTs to receive the buuiuy-moncy, allowed by KM for the eiKouragement of that fifhery. wuhe ik individuals, fo many valuable fubjeds could rlx rullircd to migrate, as now annually hire (hips [{iiivcy ihcmlelves to feck their fortunes in new ict- Uk day of our voyagers return to Smearingburg ur bcin;; fine, the Commodore ordered a tent to HaifcJ on the lower point to the S. VV. were there was ml plain lor the fpace of two miles, and wlicre all (miht-nuiical appiiattu were again uken on (bore tiftcond trial. I The livens were alfo here taken on (horc, and a confi- ^le qiiaiiiity of good foft bread baked for the rcfreih- » of the men. Tk iKople were now fully employed in overhauling ending, tarring the (hips fides, taking in water, pey- ( m Iccuring the marts, and in preparing the (nips [puiluiiig their voyage lipon difcovery; or, if that ( louiid iiiipraRicable, for returning homo. During the lix days which the (hips anchored hereto kubiervaiions, take in water, refrelh the men and litii, our jnurnalirt made feveral ex^urfions to the ad- Ijwvng iQiiids, where the birdi appeared in artonilhing numbers; it being the fcafon for bringing forth their young, and teaching them to fly, and to dive. Of all the birds that breed in thefc iflands, the burgcrmarter is the largeft, and the mort ravenous; he is lb called by the Dutch, from his fize and his authority, as he holds all the other birds in fuhjeflion. On the igihof Augurt the (hips unmoored, and on the 20th they cleared the harbour. They found the tide to flow N. E. and S. W, and to rife three feet feven inches perpendicular height. On the 22nd, ihcy again found tnemfclves befet with loofe ice. On the 23rd, the Carcafc, being a heavier failer than the Race HorJe, loft fight of the Commodore, and fired a fix pounder, which wa.s anfwered. In the evening ihcy came in fight, and purfued their courle with favourable wea- ther. September 5. the Commodore founded, and found ground with 700 fathoms, very foft mud. The people were employed eight hours in heaving up the lead with the csnfian. At three in the morning the fun rilcn, took the amplitude, .ind found the variation to be 22 dcg. 53 mill. W. September 7, at five in the afternoon, they had hea- vy fqualb, with rain; at (even in the morning moderate weather. Tiiis day, in 60 deg. 15 min. W. they found their longitude, correhcd by oblervation of lun and moon, to DC 5 dcg. 59 min. E. Longitude by time keeper 4 deg. 45 min. E. a very remarkable (lilierence. The (hips purlued their courfc home in company to- gether, with high feas and variable weather, till Septem- ber 11, when, at half after ten, the night dark, and the weather moderate, the wind all at once veered to the fouthward, and a rtrong gale with a great lea came on. The (hips parted, and never more came in light till they met off' Harwich, on the Englifli coall. Our joumalirt being on board the Carcafe, can now only relate what happened to that floop, till her arrival in the River Thames. When the gale came on, the Commodore's lights not appearing, the Carcafe fired a fix-pounder, but that (hot not being returned by the Race Horfe, it was conclud- ed, that the Commodore was at too greai a diftance to hear the (ignal. At four in the morning the gale increa- fing, they clofe reefed the top-lails, and employed all hands in la(hinK and fecuring the boats and bourns, and preparing to withfland the threatening ftorm. Sunday, September is, fre(h gales, with frequent (howers of rain : handed gib and ftay-fail ; at two in the afternoon hard fqualls and violent (howers of rain; hand- ed fore and miren top-fail; faw a fail to (buthward rtanding to eaftward; cloudy and obfcure fl(y: at ten at night came on fuddenly a very heavy fquall ; handed all the top-fails; ftrong gale, with fevere (howers of rain. At midnight blowing a violent rtorm of wind, reefed and handed the main-fail and fore-fail; lowered down the lower yards, balanced the mizen, and laid the (hip too under it, with her head to the wcPiwird j the fca making a free paffage over the (hip. Shipped fuch heavy leas, wafhcd all the provifions and caflis that were lafhed on the deck, over-board ; kept two pumps continually |o- ing; obliged to (kuttlc the boats, to prevent their being wa(hed over-board. At four in the morning ftiipped fuch ' heavy leas, as waflied all the booms and fpars that had been with all pofBhle care fecured on the deck, over- board. The (nip moftly under water. At this time one of the mates, the carpenter, and a fore-niall-man, were walhed over-board. The carpenter, a very careful fobcr man, who was in the wafte, fecuring the hatches and ftores, was wa(hed in and out at the port three times, before he could feciire himfelf. At ten in the morning rather moderate. Set the mizen-llay-fail; fwaye 1 the lower yards up, and fct the courfes. At half part eleven, ftrong fqualls and heavy gufts; handed both courfeJ; and fettled the lower yards. September 1 3, ftrong gales and fqually. Continually (hipping heavy feas. At three in the afternoon rather more moderate; fet reef courfes ; fwayed up the lower yards, and fet the main-top-fail. The (hip now making I no water; at feven in the evening* fet fore-top-fail and gib ; very heavy fea from S. W, qviaricr. At eight in 4<> ' ,.,. .^ . ,-..,,,.. the ■ . * ' •; I r , "*mM iJi ,|-; ■- hi; ,' ' V (.' 'li '■■ !h- i' if ii\ m i,f m' ^ii h il m 332 Commodore PHIPPS (now Lord MULGRAVE's) VOYAGE. ^■I'^'H^ .v,^.V.i the evening moderate and cloudy; let the third reef r>'-,t ^rciie main-top-fail; lounded 35 fathoms fine brown faiid. September 15, light breezes, and clear weather; out all reefs, and fwayed up ihe lower yards. At four in the afternoon faw a fail to the S. E. bore down and broug!. her too. She proved to be a PruflTian fidierman, bad been 10 days from Edinburgh ; hoiftcd out the fmall cutter ; the fecond lieutenant went on board of her, and brought a fine cargo of fifh. A: five the boat returned, we hoillcd her on board, with ^ilcnty of mackarcl and herrings. Made fail, and ftood to S W. founded every half hour; found from '3 to 15 and iS fathoms, fine brown fand,- mixed widi black (hells. At fcvcn in the evening took the firft reef, and hauled in the top-fails; frefh gales and cloudy. At two in the morning deepened i'. water to 20 fathom. Took in ler ond reef of the top- fails; tacked (hip, and ftood to N. W. At five got into 15 fathom; and at feven into 10. At nine in the morn- ing clofe reefed the top-fails, and at 10 handed them; frcfli gales and violent rain. September 16, rather more moderate; fct the main- top- fail; fquaily, with rain; a confufcd lea from W. N. W. At five in the afternoon foundings from 5 to 1 s, from 27 to 32 and 34 fathoms, fine brown fttrl, black fpcck". frcfh gales and cloudy. At cipht took in firft and licond reef; of top-fails; at c'r '.1 a, nij;ht clofe reefed the main and forc-top-liiil, and iiandea the mizcn; frcfh gall's, and cloudy weather. At four in the mom- in;? (hoalid water to 22 fathoms; brown fand and bro- ken (hills. At eight (hook the firft and fecond reefs oui of the top-fail; hove down uron a (loop, which came from (iravcfend; took on board the mailer, as a pilot to carry the ihip through Yarmoiuh Road?', put on board one man in his room, and ordered hii vcfld to follow us. Stood 10 the fouthward. September 17, frclli breezes, and cloudy weather; kept the lead going every half hour ; found our fo.inding from lo to la fathoms, fine brown fand. At fix in the aficrniion frcfli gales; clofe reefed the main-top-fail; foundinj;s from ic to 16 fatl.om; broken fhclls and large ftoncs. At feven clofe reefed the maintop-fail; kept a light in the |XK)p-URthom for the (loop. At ten (Irong gales ; handed the top fails ; laid her to!a in the latitude of 6a dcg. north, palTcd a ftrait, which, h iiihit ftill holds a place in our maps, has never been twiia navigable fince. He made two other voyages, iilcovcrcd many bays and capes, to which he gave names, ? . letumed without aiuining the principal object of h s voyap:. though like his prcdeceffor, he aflerted the ™ iniy of its exillcncc to his latcft hour. To him fuccecded Sir Humphry Gilbert, who in travcrfed the coaft of I^bradore, entered the mouth of the great river St Laurence, and, fiirrouiiding the illand of Newfoundland, laid the foundation of the cod filhery, which has biccn prolecuted with immcnfc advantaae tc his country ever fincc. The ram'' "'""''rcfs of difcoveries in the fouthcm he- diiliihcrc, which about this time were attended with vail profit to the adventurers, reanimated cotemporary na- vl^aiors to prolccutc, with more ardour than ever, their (merprizes towards the north. The more the pacific ociaii hcramc ki\own, the firmer the belief prevailed, ihata pallagc into i' by way of the north mull certainly exill. and that whoever could difcover it, would not onlv'immortali/e his name, but enrich his country. the merchants of tiiat time were nt) lefs eager to em- bark their money, than the navigators were to hazard their perloiis in any new proictl, where the hojx: of gain ippcared to be well foimdcd. A company therefore of wcalihv perfons in London agreed to join a company of mfrchiints in the welt, and to fit out two (hips for die drkovery of a |»llagi', which all agreed was pratticabie, (liou^h none could tell readily were to find it. To the coiiinmiid of this expedition Captain John Davis was (IrrMii'Jv r.-comnK-mled as an abk; navigator, and of a \%U aiiil tnierpiiling fpirit. Acconlingly, on the 7th of |iiiic i6><5, 1»" lit fail Irom Dartmouth, in the Suiilhine ol hfty tons, and accompanied by the Moon-diine of ihiiiviive tons, having on board iHUh vcHcU forty-two hardy iiamcii. On the 19th of July tk-y were alarmed hv a mighty roaring, which was ttic more terrible, as the foR was ft) thick, that they could not Ice each other at a Ihips length. It proved only the crackling of the iilam's of ice, which was not then very well unucrftood. On the breaking up of the fog they dilcovcred land, yhith, Iroin its hori id appearance, they iiamid liic I.;;nd (ifDclolaiion. On the a4th they weie in 64 deg. 15m';'. Tiorih, the fca ojiei' and the weather moderate, In ^his laiiui'ic ihcy difcovered land, and converled wit'i the naiivf s who appeared to Oe a harmlels hoiMitablc p<'o- pli, polite in their manners, neatly habited, aurJ not ill- lavoiiTcil. Thefe friciully [K-ople, obli^rving that tho Enfiiiih admired their furs, went up in the country to \>m\f, il Ihinc to prolecutc his voyage. Changing his courfe to recover tneoppofiie (hore on the illof Augurt, in latitude 66dcg. 33iiiin. N. and longitude 7odeg. VV. hedifcovcred land, without either iccorl'now. On the and, they caft an- chor in a fine road, and in a day or two were vilited by the natives,who eamc to traflic. On the 1 4tli, they fct fail to the weftward, and ontltc 16th, changed their courfe to the fouthward. On the 18th, they cflfcovercd a high pro- montory to thr N. W. which having no land to the fouib, recovered their hopes of a free paliagc. 4P On .Jn^mi,. ;!v>'. mmM il4;vi'l i ''..'.' m ?l !. «!' 4 •. : ill. ■ ' * ■■'T-l ' i!. ■ w ki] H < m * >i '* I I a I' ijyjij » 'iK •'fBlH, ,:V ^'^ •t f, 1 i 1 1^ 1 R 11 \ i .HI ^Rf } '■ IH ltt|l 1' 1 334 Commodore PHIP PS (now Lord MULG rave's) VOYAQE. Dl Ill On doubling the Cape, ihcy found the land irendinq away to the (buth in broken illaiids, and coalling along till they arrived at a fine opening, in latitude 57 dta. they failed 10 leagues, with wootls and lawns on each lide, abounding with deer and game of every kind. Here they ftaid till the ift of September, and then fct fail, coafting along to the northward, where thev were a. On the 6th, returning to their former ftation, five of the crew fell into an ainbufcadc ; for having ventured on (hore unarmsdin their boat, they were fuddenlyaHkult- cd from the woods, two of them killed on the (pot, two cricvoudy wounded, and the fifth made his elcapc by fwimming, with an arrow ft icking in his arm. The fame evening a furious ftorm arofe, which lafled till the lolh, in which time they in a manner unrigged their fhip, and were about to cut away her malls by the board, the cable of their fheci anchor parted, and they every moment expetled to be dafhed upon the rocks, and to be made a prey by the fava^e cannibals of the country ; but the florm abating, and the fea growing calm, they rcaivered their anchor on tiie 11th, and made fail for England. About the beginning of Odobcr they arri veil at l>art. mouilt, where they found the Sun-lhinc, but the North Star having parted company in a hard gale on the Co«ft of Civoiiland, was never more heard of. This undaunted inariner had yet the courage to under- take a third voyage, and then failed as far as the 73rd degree of mm\\ latitude, but being deferted by his com- panions, v^as forced to return in great diftrefsiohis old port. I'pon his return he wrote a letter to his |)ation, affuring him, thai he had found an open fea in latitude 73 Aci N. and a llrait 40 leagues broad, and concluded from thcnrc that the paffage was mof\ certain. From this period till the yrar tSio, we find no farther att'-mptv made to revive this difcovery; but in that vear Mr. Htnrv I ludfon, one of the moll relehrated mariners of hi< time, was prevailed upon to undertake a voyage that was puq)oli?ly fi-'t on foot to make trial of his jRil!. Me failed April 7ih, 1610, fleering dircHly to Davi.i's Straits, he there change his com fe to the wcftwaid, and flriK k out a new track that no mariner had evir lailcd h» lore, which led him through the llrait that Ifill Ix-ats his name into the great bay that bnunds the .American coiiiiiieiit on the N. K. atid feems to communicate by various ()|)eiiint;< wiih the north fea. Here he contmued trii\errmi; for alitiod three months in fcarcli ofajwllage to the vcllward, hiii finding himlelf embayed, he fbxHl to the fduth, inirnding to winu r in the mildcll latitude the bav would admit; arcordiiigly, he is laid to huve wintered in latitude r,i deg. N. lonKiiude 80 dcg. \V. vhere on the ill of November his Ihip was fruxcn in, and being fcantily provided with piovilioiis, the crew mutinied, and in the end moll b.arbarondy contrived, as the wilier exprelfes it, to turn the ('antaiii, liictarjKnter, .md all the lick mrii out of the fhip, w lui v ere never more heard of. After which the leaders of the iiiuiiny deier- iniiied to make the bell of their way for liigland; but in their paflage home not a few |HMi Souid, which is probably the only communication'k tween oar northerii bays and the great pacific oc which nature has provided, in order to maint^ogo ' circulation, without which it is haixily pofljbie i'^"*''' ceive, that the equipi>r:c of the globe could for V""" mcnt be preferved. ™°- Ini6i9, Capuin [ohn Monk, at tl>e inftanccnfv Danifh Mai eft y, undertook this difcovery, aiul arrL j fafe at the Cape Farewell, whcrt; though ,he ucU 1 the fliip was fb frozen and full of ificlcj, that the „ ners could not handle the ropes, yei next day it v^J*?' hot, that they were forced to work in dieir fliiru 11 entered }ludlbn's Strait in the inoiuh of July, ajjj ^ forced to winter in latitude 63 dcjt. to miii.N q *' illand that Hill retains his name; but the hardlhiD's' endured almoll exceeded belief. In May 162a T found himlelf alone in a cave dug in the- carih f ' alive, and almoll morally certain, that all his tnanl'' were dead. As foon as the weadier would iKrinit l" crawled forth, and found, of ell his crew, only iwo 1 (' Hy removing the fhow, thev found Ibme frelh herbs un demeath, and by catiiii; thc.n, recovered from the fcup Unable to navigate their fhips, tlicy ai.andoncd hcrto the favages, and, by a wonderful Piovideme, (;(Hlafct(, Norway in the piimacc. Being a iiiati of uncoimium relidution, he was llill fdiciious to pcrfett a difcuvcrv which liad baffled the rcfearchcs of fo many able navj' gators, and to acquire glory, by aceomplilhiiig thai v,hich they had faded to attain. He afU rtcd tlie exillcnce of liicli a pflage fo confidently, and laid down ihc nktliuj of finding it Ibplaufibly, that he had pirruadedilicnicr. chants '»( Norway to raile a jv)int lliKk to defray tS^ eneei of a fet ond voyage ; but applying to the Kmj for his ijcnnillion and proicttion, and relating to him his own lufferings, and thole of his companions in hi| fonner vova^e, his Majelly lold him, lie Itad already hcni tlie death of too manv of his Iiib|e6fs, and ^unAel tion to leek to murder more. ToMhuii Monk gave a ijuirk reply, which provoked the kinoio flrike him over his llomach with his cane. Wheihtr the levcrity of the blow, or die fenfe of the indimiiy was the occafion. is not certain; but he quitted ilicrm J prefwee with marks of f!iait of Hudfon i'Ha\. uA leiuined in iGxi. He publilhed j pompoui acoiiw of his tlileovciies, which, however, was never tnucli regarded. On the 3d of May, 1631, Captain Jame* fct Ijil from die Sevem'i Mouth, and on the :iuih of Jum; (Kared lludlon's Stiaiis, where he lomul liimlclMu pillcud with broken ic<-, as to put it om nf his pov.rr •o nroferute his difeovciies to the north wellward, ask had intended ; he therefore ordered lii« mailer tu liwr W. S. W. and on the a7ih of July, after fullaiimn; mull dnadful. Ihocks, found his fhip enclofitd fo fall amonn the ice, that, notwithllandmg it blew a hard gale, and all lads let, flic lliired no moie than if the had been iiu dry dock, ft was now thai the men fivft began to miir. mur, and the (Captain himlcll was not without \m leari, left thtv Ihoiild III .e br fiozeii up and obliged lu win- ter 111 t'nt. middle ul the lea. By an oblervatiun whith ihcy ^v'fe-'-bvJ , Sraiilv, 'unicaiion be P^'^'tic wean nuinagenerjl Dikble lo CO,,. '"Wfurarao- inftanccofhij r> arolartiveii I theucklcof thai ihc inari. f wn the nuihod fuaded ilu! nicr. I 10 dcfriyihe ins >" 3ih, Ic ing fon^e breakers a head, and luffing clear them, the fhip fuddcniy ftruck upon the rocks, '", fjceived three drcadftil fliocks, but the fwcll heaved !".ovcr, and on pumping (he made no water. Thcv were now encumbered with rocks, as before , bad been with ice, and in the moft perilous fitua» that can be conceived, and fo continued two nights ""j two days, every moment expcfting to be dalhed to 'ves. On the fogs clearing up they faw land from Cn.W. to thcS. E. byE. with rocks and breakers. O^thc 16th they weighed and made (ail, when a (lorm ofc and drove them within (ight of Port Nclfon. On 'I nth (hey flood to the fouthward. On the aoth \L made land,, in latitude 57 dc^. N. where they call j„jior, and called it the Principality of South Wal^.. Having weighed, on the a/tli they fet fail, and in the fveninRcanie in (ight of higher land; and on the 29th j^y faw a I'aii, which proved to be (-aptain fox, al- ,»;;, rncniioncd. They fpoke together, and, after ex- chancii')? nuiiual civilities parted. Capiain James kept coafling along the (horcto make difcovcrics, and Captain Fox mailc the beft of liis way for£i.gl"i''- ,■ , r The Captain now began to think of a convenient place U) wiiiier in. In tl-.is attempt they met with fo Jiaiiv difalters, that at laft liaving no hope left, they be- nn H) prepare thcinrclves to make a good end of a mi- l-ralilc lifi'. <^'i 'he ipih they lofl their (hallop, though Ulhol 1" the (liip by two hawfcrs, and to their inexprcf- (ihk. uriel 'heir lioai was almoll rendered irreparable. V\ iiiier now began to fet in apace, the niahti long, ihe (lays tlofe and fogg>', the fcas rough, anrl nothing I hii Ihoals ;iiid broken land to navigate. Added to all iholeilic men be-gan to (ickiii, an univerfal dejeftion to Lcuil, and ill iiroponion a* their dillrclfes mcreafcd, Ihcir llrcngtii to bear up agaiiill diem grew lefs every liiav. (Ill the 4ih of November, being in latitude 52 deg. I N ibiv lell in with an illand, from which they (bi'nd it ] iBipiiliWe in depart. '1 he men where quite worn |(iif.u«iihlutigue, the fails lo frozen as not 10 be un- furled, the ropes congealed in the blocks, and the deck knee-deep in fnow. In this forlorn condition they built a tent on (hore for the (ick, and in this tent they kept (ires continually burning night and day, but the cold in- creafed fo faft, that beer, and even fpirits froze by the iire-fide. The fufFerings of the Captain and crew from the lat- ter I lid of Odober, when they landed till the and of July, when they departed, are hardly lo be paralleled. This was the lad voyage that was undertaken for the difcovcry of a north-well padagc, till that of Captain Middlcton. From all which,, and the opinion of Cap- tain James after his return, there is great rcafon to con- clude, that what we have (aid of a riorth-eaft palTage is likewife true of a paifagc by the north-we(l, that it mod certainly exifl.s, but will never be found pradicable for mercantile purpofes. The voyage of Commodore Phipps, which his Ma- jefly, in a particular manner, thought fit to patronize, was equipped with fuch care and circumfpedion, that nothing was found wanting during the courfe of it. To this voyage, we have pre(ixed a brief recapitula- tion of the many attempts that have been made (or the difcovery of a north-call pallagc to China and Japan, and alfo have fubjoined a like fummary of the cuter- prizes fet on foot by goveimoiit, or undertaken by pri- vate adventurers for dKcovcringacommuidcatiun with the great Paci(ic ocean by a paUage from the north- weft. The account.* are full of adoniniing evcnt.i, and won- derful defcripiions of uncommon plixnomena. In them wc read of rivers and lakes of ic6, buriling with impri- foncd vapours; and of rocks, forelb, beams of houfe.^ and buildings, fplitting with a iioilc not lefs terrible then the loudclt thunder. Of brandy, brine, and even ipi- rits of wine, cxpofed to the open air, only for a few hours, freezing into a folid mals. Of mountains of ice frozen in the fea 100 fathom ilcep. Of (how hills that never thaw. And of winds that blillcr the (kill, and (hrivel the Ikin like red-hot iron. Ill" this part of our work the diftrelTes, dangers, provi dcntial deliverance, and unlpeakablc rulfcrings of thole who liave winten;d in the dark;n I dreary regions of the north, are recounted with clcamel's; and (he contents ot many volumes arc comprized vsith care and prrcilion, 14,, I ,• lu. «; « M i. I m if- I: B''.'i!!i,.v|| janic* fet iail Jiuih uf Jiini: liid himlcli III ol hi< po»icr |ellward, at he nailer tu lleer iillaiiiint; mull Ifo fall ani()ni( |l gale, and all I had been ma Ibcgsn to tniif. Ihoiit hi^ bars, Ibliged tu will- Irvatiun whitb iky „^;r^;.','.:'.:>-^^ '^ ^;;-T : ■- ,1'} '■ .,» : ' /5- V Vn*, •" ■*■■ ',1'' .' ■' ■'■•'^ > I. .; H' 1 ■'■ i '*,f tI' ''1 ifflj iii ut S.-l' l.i'vj i II; li ! II ! \\ % »" •:^#iii^m •< "Vi .1 ''f cvj ■"0 ■iil i'ti mm It i im^'iM nfi ::i I'm •■ 'r;.i' .V?- iV. 'h'>S „ift„;„J 5.;.i ^ f;_ 1;}i,... :..,. J^ i.- ; .. -.i it. i ;i . J. NEW, AUTHENTIC and COMPLETE ACCOUNT, and NARRATIVE of K VOYAGE Rouiicl' S WORLD -ij III ;- .. ..• ; r:i ■ r, i'i-"i-i., ,itr.iA iH. . - ; ' ! . :*: ,' K.. i. V . rt/d.t UNDERTAKEN and l'ERFORMEri<\^'S'' '■ • !-: By Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSON, In his IMajefty's Ship the CENTURION, "'''" _ :• - -- . .illAVINC UND£R HIS COMMAND ■ > »i (i;.:.-t.l • :Li- J- ' ■ .■•■ ?'i The Glouccfter, Pearl, Severn, Wager, Trial, and two Store Ships. ) ii THE Spanifh depredations in t)ie year 1 739, liav- iii^ r.xil'cd ilic natiuiMl rcrcntniciu, and ttii' |)acihi. iniiiillry \*ri() then were intruded with the adminiltraiion i>r aflairs, finding it iinpolFiblc any longer to prevent a war with Spain, fcveral projcds were propoled, and (overal plans formed, for dillrelfinn the rtiemy in the molt cflcMual ir Miner, by cuttini; off the relourccs by which alone ihcy were cncouragicd to cntttiniu their iiifulis, and by which alone thry could be enabkd to liipport a war. Among the reft, two expeditions were planned by Sir Charles Wager, ilicii at tnc br^d of the atlmiraliy, and two gentlemen named by him fur ear- ring them into execution; which were no fooner laid iH^forc the jinvy council to be examined than they were iin;mim(>uliy approved. Captain Anion, who was nominaicd to command ihe one, bcmj;mit upon a cruifc, a vcllcl was diijwiched 10 order him to return with his fliip, the Ccniurioii, to Porif'nouthi and Mr. Cornwall, who was ap|>e found in ihe aimah of Britain two expeditions, remote in the dclltnaiion, yrt having a r.oiuu'tlion one with the other, that proniilcd cqticiident companii- of 100 inni each, niul ISbind's regiment of fool (who was him- leii to command the land forces), and was to fail with all polfible expcilition by the Cape of (>oud liope to the city of Manilla, in ihcillaiid of Lucoiiia; while that comiiianded by Captain Curnwali, of equal force, was to proceed round Cape Hi>m into the SoudiSeas. there to range the coafts of Chili, Peru, and Mf.\ico; apj when the commander in chief had made hinifdf m'adrr of the royal trcafures in that quarter, he was tiien todirttt his couric 10 the Philippines, and join the rquadfonof Captain Anl(>n. 'i'his done, they wen 10 act in con. junction, as circumltances fhould arile, or to nan for frefh orders from government to proceed on frtlh cnterprizcs. The reader will perceive, at fird vicumIk vaft importance «)f this noble uittlertaking, calculated it once to enrich the na'.ion, and to determine the «ir without the cfTudon of much blood ; Un the pljffs j,,. tended to be attacked were at that time incapable ofic- (iltance; and as they were in fKilfeflion of the royal ifm fures, any failure in the return of which muli of ncccEiy oblii^e Spain to (ue fur peace, that haughty nation mull thus have b^eii iubdued without a battle. Uutpoftcniv , will ftand aniu/ed when they arc told the iirucofili!) projcc], on which Sir ('liarlcs Wager was lb intmt, thji 1 though it was tlie loth of .September before rapt.,.\nf(iii i arrived iirtown, yet by the i8th he had received onicrs to take uiuJer his command the Argyle, Severn, I'tail, Wager, and Trial Hoop, and to proceed to victual ilw fame with the utmoll expedition. Before the ciul of Deceimber fuch dilpaich had boot made by that vigilant officer, tliat the (hips werr in tea dincl's to takcibe trcMinson Ixjard, but in January, whru Captain .\nlim attended the l)oard to receive lunkr orders, he was told by Sir Charles, that die .Manilla n, from vliat lici )rc he kfi iliel dinaty proof ofl vvai difcovcr-l of the voyaRel whciif 'tf'^m/ii/idairhf/l, rflihfU/i 'dtuth< Aa direeo , fy . Mes'ltogf .aitht Kinpt . irms . Sfi6,Faumoiter Row . ^ t 'l\ ■ . : ' I. u':i I ■'i I'll l^'^! , -^if IMHi, % m w 5'' M ill" aNaMBM iiiI"WMiiti¥« III I i«1i«d>Willlt and leaft liable to impotition j but, in the explanatory (lart, we Ihall copv the latter ; bccaule, though Mr. 1 homas fullered nothing mate- rial that palled 10 cfcapc his notice, there were many things iranfadcd, thcinotivca lor which he could only No. 41. guefs,at; but thele motives Mr. Walters has, by means of the Commodore's anillancc, been Uhle to explain. Being quite ready about ths beginning of Scptein- ber, 1740, we put to fea three dilTerent times, but were as often |)ut back to the road of St. Helen's by contrary winds and flormy weather. At lafl, on Thurfday, Sept. 18, we failed in company with the Lark and St. .'Mban's, two of his Majcfly's (hips, and feveral merchant-lhips, befidcs our own (cjuadron ; and Saturday evening faw fome men-of-war, and a large Hcet of merchantmen, waiting for us at Torbay. Ac one in the afternoon we joined them ; and the Commo- dore hoilled his broad pendant,' which was faluted by all hie .Maielly's Ihips in the fleet with 13 guns each* The King's fhips which joined us here were, the Dra- gon, Chatham, Winchcfter, and South-Sea-Calllc, and near 200 fail of merchantmen under convov, fome of whom were bound to the Mediterranean, and others to feveral parts of North America. We had at pre- fent the command of the whole Hcet ; and thu lame afternoon, lecing a Ihip to the fouth-well, we made the Dragon a ligiul for ctiafing her; but fhe proved one of our own Ihips, too far a-head of her Itation. At four this afternoon, the Start Point burc from us E. by N. at tl'.e diHance of eight leagues. Monday the 22d, we faw two fail to the wellward, and feiu the Trial (loop to fpcak with them. They were Dutch (hips bound to Curajoa, with foldicrs tor their garrilims there. Thurfday the 25th, the Winchefter and South-Sea- Callle, with the mcrchant-fliips under their convoy lor Virginia, and other parts of North America, parted from us, and proceeded on their rcfpective voyages. And Monday the 29th, the Dragon, Chatham, St. Al- ban's, and Lark, with the mcrchant-lhips in their charge for the Mediterranean, did the like; and we had now no (liips Icit in company but our own proper fquadron. Tuelday the .{oih, we Ipoke with a Dutch man of- war, who came from Malta, bound lor Amrtcrdam. l-riday, October the jd, wc fpokc with two Englilh nicrchant-lhips fiom Lilbon lor New-York, and the 8th wc fpoke with a French floop from Rochelle. The i:;tli, one Philip Merrit, a common failor, died, which 1 mention bccaule he was the firll man we loll on the voyage, '{'be next day, by an order (torn the Com- - modore, wc went to lliort allowance; thit is, one third of the allowance granted by government is kept b.u k, in order to make our piovilions hold out the liuigcr. The 2 ^d, we fpoke with a Ihip from Live pool, and the next day wiin another from Cjlafgow, for th. C.ii e de Verde lllaiids ; as alio uith a (mall brigantiiu (torn I'almouth for Madeira, who kept us company tiiuhtr. (he next day wefpokc witha Dutch (hip trim Surinam tor tlolland. The 26th, at fix o'clock in tin- morning, we faw the land bearing W, N. W. diltance iix h agues, and at four in the evening anchored in lonchialc road, ill lotty fathom water, a-brcall the town of I'onchiale, and about a mile and a half from it. During this whole swiragc, we had alinoll continually contrary winds, and boillerous uncertain weather; by which means, a paflage which is very commonly made in 10 or I i days, took us up _{8. Our buliiiefs in this place was only to water, and take in wme, and fome private llock : but, foon after our arrival, wc were inlormed, that they had feen from the illand to the weflwud, alx»ut 16 or iX fail of Ihips for Icvcral days together, which were fuppolld to be a junction of French and Spanith Hups of war ; and as we had reafon to imagine that our expedition had long been kno»n, there was little room to doubt, but thac thole Ihips were dcfigncd to intercept and dcllroy us before we could attcmjit any thing to the piejudice of Spain. On this news the Commodore fent out an E:ig- lith privateer which lay in the road, wiih one of his own ollicers, to fee if they ci)uld difcovcr them at fea, and what they were; but flic returned Hie next day, having made no difcovcry. Nov. 2, Captain Norris, athisow'n rcquefl, being in an ill llate of health, with (he conl'cnt ol the Comn^o. ^ Q^ (lore »|4 1 if- i'i5 'v. Ii ':.>Wiy\4? V Wl iit^. ■ ,..ji ■ i , ■!- i rlr, f.l .t: iftti 'L.ji:i mW: ii vmm ■m ill I :■ H rim f* ii^'^ ,'!l ■■r I > l^ liS- CoMMODoRi: (afterwards Lokd) ANSON's dorc quitted the comtnand of the GIouccIUt, in order to return to England. The Glouceftcr was hereupon given to Captain Mitchell, the Pearl to Captain Kidd, the Wager to the Hon. Captain Murrny, and the Trial floop to David Cheap, our V'lrA Lieutenant ; and a* one of the Lieutenants of the GlouceUcr had quitted with Captain Norris, our two mates, who had long depended on the ("onimovlorc, were preferred to be Lieutenants on this occalion. The 4th, at four in the afternoon, we weighed and put to fea, with all the fquadron under our cominand. An Englifh floop, which lay in the road, faluied us at our departure with nine guns, to which \vc returned five. The 6th, at four o'clock in the evening, we faw the ifland of Palma, one of the Canary iflands, in the la- titude of 39 degrees north, and longitude from the meridian of London 19 degrees 44 minutes weft. The fame day we fpoke with a French Ihip from Marfeillcs bound to Martinico, and the next morning with a Dutch fhip from Amfterdam bound to Dttavia, the metropolis of the Dutch fettlcmcnts in the Eall-Indics. The I ith, about four in the morning, we crofTcd the Northern Tropic for the full time in this voyage, m long. 24 dcg. 24 min. weft from London. The 1 6th, being in the latitude ot about i : dcg. jo min. and the contrad with our victuallers expiring in that latitude, the Anne pink fired a gun, and hoilleda red flag at her fore-top-maft head, to give us notice of it. On the next day all the Licutennnts of the fijuadron were by a fignal ordered on hoird the Centurion, and orders \vcre given to unUde the Induftry pink, and each ili:p to take on board from her their refpcdive quotas of provilions ; in purlu.mce of which we im- nudiatcly began to unlade her, l)ing by in the day, and making an cafy fail in the nighr.. The 19th, having unloaded and dircharp;ed the In- duftry, at eight in the evening flic parted from us, in order to proceed to Barbadoc'., whither Ihe was bound; but the Commodore having entered into a new contradi with the mafter of the Anne pink, flie was detained with us for his Majefty'a fcrvxe, our Ihips being too much encumbered to admit of taking on board any more provifions at this time. The 28th, about five in the morniiig, we crofTed the Equincdial, in the longitude of 58 deg. 15 min. W. from London, the variation of the compafs at that place being 35 min. K. December the id, at eight in the morning, we faw a fail to the north-weft, to which we gave chafe. At night we loll fight of htr j but next morning wc faw her and gave chafe again, but in the afternoon quitted her. We imagined this fail to be a tender on the Spa- nifh fleet, fent purpofely to get intelligence of us ; but on our arrival at the Cape of Caood Hope, in our re- turn home, we learned that fhe was the Kaft-India Company's packet bound for the ifland of St. Helena. The loth, expeding to be near the coaft of Brazil, we founded, and (bund 67 fathom water, on which wc fired a gun for a fignal, and altered our courfe more to the fouthward. This day died Thonias Waller, our furgeon, who wasfucceedc' 'ny Henry Kttrick, furgcon of the Wagcrj the furgeon cf :hcTri.d fucceedednim, and Jofeph Allen, our furgeon's firft mate, was made furgeon of the Trial. The nth, wc fpokc with a Portuguefc brigantine from Rio Janeiro, bound to Santos, one of the principal Portuguefc fettlcmcnts in the Brazils. The 13th, wc crolFed the South Tropic for the firft time, in long. 38 deg. 36 min, W. from London. The i4tli. died llobcrt Wcldon, our purfrr, who was ftifccccded by John Rule, purfer of the Wager, and Commodore's Secretary ; Thomas Harvey, one of our niidlhipmen, was made purfer of the Wager, in the room of Mr. Rule. The t'/th, we law the land of the Brazils, from W. to W. S. W. very mountainous, and full of woods. I have, for fcvcral days laft pall, found, by my obferva- lions, a firong current on this coaft, fetting to the I fouthward near three quarters of a mile an hour uh perhaps, may be occalioned by the neighbourhood the vaft river of Rio de la Plata -, another oblcrv *** which I lliall have occalion to make alter our I '"°''' the coall of Brazil, will very much cortobDnf^.u'^ tonjiCturc. '"^'^ 'ihe fame day, at four in the evening, w. h,iil fathom of water, muddy ground; the illu'nii ot ^1'*" redo, a fniall ill.ind at the north-eatt end ol the i*"" illand of St. Katharine's, then bearing N. \v ^'"^ about eight Icigues dittant ; and the next d.iy « |[v in the evening we came to an anchrr in twelve taih "^^ water, the north-call end of St. Kathatmt's bearr" S. S. W. about three miles diftant, and the iflanj"*' Alvorcdo, N. N. E. about fix miles dill.iiit. n^.^, "' found the tide to fet S. S. li. and N. N. VV. \\\\-*'^ aftiore a Lieutenant to the fort, to coinplimcn \l\ Governor, and to dcfire a pilot to carry u> into th*^ road. The Governor returned a very civil anfwir • a granted our rcquciL The next morning wc wcii.hoi and ran up the harlxnir, and about noon anthorid five fathom and a half water, in a plate they there i- li Buon Porto; but being ftill too lar lioin the wateiin^ pi ICC, we on the :oth, about eleven in the morning" weighed and ran farther up between St. Katharine's aiS the main land of Brazil, and in the afternoon inchoicil and moored in five fathom water, about two miles irom the watering-place j and the fame evenin.T our ihi^j Lieutenant went albore with materials fot-'buildinia tent, to Ihelter the people who were to be cinp|oyc(l''in watering. We likewifc faluted the Portuguefc fort with eleven guns, who returned us the like number. Our lliips beginning to be very litkly, tents were erected on ftiore, one tor every (hi;.j, and the lick were fent afliorc to them, with furgeoni and proper attend- ants. The agents for vidualling, of which wc had two with us, were ordered to procure what frelli proviliom we could expend during our ft.iy here, which they accord- ingly did; but though their meat, which is altogether beet, was both cheap and plenty, it was for the grcatcll part miferabty bad, and tcarce tit to be eaten. The men throughout the whole fquadron began no* to drop oft" apace with fevers and fluxes, occifioned chiefly, I believe, by the violent heat of the climate and the bad air; the country being fo very woody that the air mutt thereby be llagnated, and rendered un- healthful. We continued here wooding, watering, and over. hauling our rigging, till Sunday, Jan. tH, 1741, (lut- ing which time we had variable unceit.iin weather fometiines fea .i;id land breezes, at other time's (Iron" gales of wind, with heavv rain, thunder and lightning but always cxcellive heat. While we lay here, we gave our fhip a thorouj^h cleanling, fmoaked her between decks, in order to dc- Uroy the vermin, and waftied every part with vinegar, which I mention becaiife it is abfolutciy iictclFary 11 large ftiips, the flench of fo many lick pcrfoni bmi noifome in hot climates. Dec. 2 1,1 obferved an eclipfe of the moon, and by comparing the time of the end of it, with a calculi- tion I purpofely made of it in the meridian of London, from Sir llaac Newton's New Theory of the Moon, 1 found the place where the Ihip then lay to be ,19 dc^;. 53 min. to the weliward of the meridian of Londoii. The calculation itfelf, and the time it ended at St. ki. tharine's, I have unfortunately loll ; but as the ion(^^i- tude is thereby fettled, they are of no farther ufe, and not worth retr! /ing at the trouble of a new calcula- tion. Before we arrived at this ifland, wc had rccejveJ from the defcriptions of Mr. IVezier, a French author, and foine other perfont who had been on the fpot, Inch accounts as, tuircther with the climate in which it is fituated, gave us very great ideas of its fruitfulncfs, and hopes of a plentiful fupply of every thing ue wanted for a long run ; but wc found uuifclvei inifcr- abl/ millaken in ainioft eyay article we cxpcAcd. V'-(Al' '^ U4U:.-'J.kA...Hl*.ii VOYACJES ROUND the VV O R L D. 33'? As here arc fevcral fine faiidy bays, we had very good (illijne with a fcine, for mullets, old wives, fting-rays, iaidb\ turbots, and other Hat fidi, filvcr fi(h, bafs, a " rv honey long fifli like a bafs, but which our feamen "jl a ten-poundcr, and fomc other forts. Wc like- "ijc had frclh beet tor picfcnt expending plenty enough, hut fcarce better than the carrion that we gave to our ,5 As tor lemons, limt-, plantains, bananas, po- taioes, and other roots, fruits, and greens, with which thofe climates generally abound, which the authors above mentioned aver to be extremely plentiful here, nil which we principally depended on for fea-doret, there were fo few at the time of our being here, that I believe we could have confumed all that came to our tnowicdgc of thofc things in oni: day. The odiccrs, however, no doubt found plenty ; as Mr. Walters agrees in his report with Frezier, that there was no want of pine- apples, peaches, grapes, lemons, citrons, melons, apri- cots and adds, there were belidcs potatoes and onions for fca-rtorcs. Saflafras is here in great plenty, and »e cut much of it among other wood for fuel. Guai- acum they report to be very plenty here likcwife, but I law none of it, nor heard of any pcrfon who did dur- ing our Ifay. Hum and fugar they have in fmall quan- tities but very inditfcrcnt and dear. The inhabitants arc a'mixture of Portuguefe and Indians incorporated tocfiher, and appear to be very po difcovered a fail in the oflinff, and the fi.;htcen oar'd barge was manned, and armed, and fent, imdcr the command of the fecoiid Lieutenant of the Ciiu.iuon, to examine her before (he arrived within the pu'tcttion of liic fort. She proved to be a Portuguefe l>i!^;.mtMic from Rio C.rande ; but, though the olliccr kluvcd to tliJ mafter with the utmoll civility, yet the Covcrnor took otl'cnce at our lending our Iwat, com- plained oi the violation of the peace, and n»ade that a pretence lor lendin)^ Don Pifario the moll circum- llantial intelligcr.icot our force and condition, as we afterwards found by letters nncrtepted in the South Seas. ,,;.' •._ '.ly^^jr t^jjs < 'fli"! ,''.';> I January 1 S. 174 1, we left this idand, having had a melancholy proof how much the healthincfs of this place had been over-rated by former writers; for we found, that, though the Cent'irion alone had buried no lefs than 28 men tince our .-..rival, the number of the fick in the fame interval had increafed to 96; and this very day wc had three men die. Before our departure the Commodore took every precaution to prevent a fcparation ; but conlidering that, in fuch boilicrous fcas as we were abouF to en- counter, he himfelf might be difabled, he called the ofHcers together, and m a full council fo ordered it, that, if but one Ihip efcaped, the expedition fliould not be abandoned. Proper places of rendezvous were ap- pointed ; the time was fettled for daying at thefe places ; and, if the Commodore did not arrive in that time, the Captains were ordered to put themfelves under the command of the fenior, and to proceed without farther delay. The 2 2d in the morning, wc had very dormy wea^ ther, v*ith fomc thunder, lightning, and rain; and the Trial carried away the head of her main-mad. A thick fug fuccceding, wc lay to, and foon after lod fight of the Pearl, the Trial, and the Anne pink. In the afternoon «c got fight of and joined company with the Trial and the Anne, but the Pearl was dill mining. From hence to February the 13th, very variable wea- ther, modly foggy from latitude 35, or thereabouts, to latitude 39 ; the red a mixture not much unlike our weather m England in the month of October, except that we had pretty often thunder and lightning, which are not fo frequent with us in that month. Being pad the latitude of 36 degrees to the fouthward, I obfcrved the current, which had hitherto conftantly fct foutherly, now on the controry, fct to the northward ; and the great river of Rio de !a Plata being fituated in between 35 and 36 degrees fouth, drengthens my conjcdure that itiofe currents are occafioned by the dux and redux oS that mighty river. February 13, wc faw the land from S. by W. to S. half E. appearing plain, with very few rifings, and of a very moderate height, our foundings at that time from 46 to 56 fathom, the iird mud, the latter dony ground. This day, at four in the evening we were within about four miles of Cape Blanco on the coad of Patagonia, and in 1 2 fathom water ; on which we hauled otV, aiul ran along the coad, the foundings from 20 to 60 fathom water. At five the next morning we faw the land from W. by N. to S. W. half W. with an opening near the middle i which I believe to be the harbour of Port Defirc, fo called by Sir John Narborough. The northcrmod land in fight is Cape Blanco, and the fouthcrmod Penguin Illand, fo called from the great numbers of penguins about it, of which birds Sir John'j diip's company killed and fatted large quantities for provilions, and which he reports to be very good and wholefomc fowi. Cape Blanco is in the latitude of 4 7 dcg. 10 min. S. longitude from St. Katharine's 17 deg. 38 min. W. which makes it from London 67 dcg. 20 min. W. taking the N. E. point of St. Katharine's in 49 deg. (2 min. W. to be about 1 1 min. to the eadward of the place where the (hip lay when I fixed it by ob- fervation. The 17th, in the evening, wc anchored about 17 or 18 leagues Ihort of the harbour of Port St. Julian, fo called by Sir Frarcis Drake, who touched there in his voyage round the globe, and where he condemned and executed Mr. Doughty, the next perfon in com- mand to himfelf, on pretence of a confpiracy to murder him and ruin the expedition t whence a fmall idand within the harbour is to this day called the Ifland of True Judice. The next morning we faw a fail at S. by E. which wc believing to be the Pearl, ' made the fignal for the return of all cruiters; but (he not mind* ing, as I fuppofe not feeing it, we ordered the GloucedeC to chafe, and at two in the afternoon the Qloucedef rntd her chafe, which to our great bSli»(*Alm proved to ■'1^ pi! t 'V. II: mf rl ''•'"■ 'M m ■ ■ ill I 'H nil ' ^yii 'p n J'. .1 i I' :>i| I t ':.\ .i if :'•'■} 340- (J o M M o D o R E (aftersvanis Lord) ANSON's mm >. if i Iv the IVarl, joined w- Thoy iiit'oiiiud us, th.it, on January the \i\\, thou C'omirt.ini.lcr, faptain Dandy Kidd, ilicd ; and that on the 7th itJihint they were chaled liy five !ar^;e Ihips, which they believed to lie Sp.inilh nun ot war, and were Ionic riincwithni gun- fhot lit them, though thev never tired a gun, having cndeavDUieii to dei:o\ the I'earl liy hoiding a broad red pendant, like that ot tiie JMiglitli CAiiiiniodore, at the Adniiwl's ii).iin-top-ina!l head, and hoping by that ■ means to be taken l^r mir ( ionmiiidure, and fo to in- veigle and make lure ottluir prey ; Captain Mitchell, thus dccoyeil, narrowly cleajud them, by running through a Ipacc of waicr, where the tides or currents making a gieat ripling, the ^,)dmaids, who thought it was rocky and br.iken ground, were alraul to tollow her. 'riiele fhips we (uppoled to be the .Spanilh fquadrcin, commanded by Admir.il Pilarrii, the fame who got Co great a name among thtni tor his conduct in bunging home tiieir llot.i (ale into Port .Andero the lalt year, eluding the vigil.incc ot our lijuadrons who w.iitcd tor them off Caili/, anil was therefore looked 0.1 as the propcrctV perfon to be fent to intercept us. \Vc fliould not have been dilplealcd, liowc\er, to have met them with our whole torce, .nnd did not much doubt to have cither dellroycd or difablcd them. But the time of their delUiirtion was not \ct come; their miler.ible fate lliall be related in its proper pl.icc. W'c were now, being the 1 8th, tailing .ilong Ihore for the harbour ot St. Juli.in. 1 tound the tide to fct here N. and S. about a mile .111 hour. '1 he time of flowing hereon the full and change days is N. E. by K, and S. W. by W. nearclK We lent one of our boats with an officer in-tliore, to loiind and endeavour to difcover the mouth of the harbour. At lix m the evening wc came to in anfhor in 1; fithom water, .^t eight the lieutenant returned, having found the hart^nir. We lent afhorc our boats to make farther difcoveries, and to endeavour fomc to get frefh water, and others to procure fait, 'of which Sir J. Narbornugh obfer/eif, when he W'.s here, that in Febiuary there was enough of it to lo.id 1000 (hips) for the ufe of the fquadron in the South beas. We continued here till the 27th, during which time we ftove mod of our empty calks, in order to clear our fhips as much as pollibte, ^d got up and mounted fuch ofourgunsas we had lieforeftruck down into the hold in order to eafe ihc Ihips ; for now, not knowing how foon we might meet with the Spanifh f.jiiadron, it was neccfTary to have them all in readi- nel""!. W'c cnuld find no frefh water here, and but a vry fma'l ijiiantity of fait, and no other refrclhments whatever; .ill the country, as far as wc could difcover, bein;; quite barren and del'olate. We got fome pro- vilioiKout of the .\nne victualler on board each of the other Ihips, repaired the Triar* mall, and alFilletl her and the victualler to overhaul and new-fix moll of their ripgirtg. Having loll the hojyrs of a fupply of water hero, we were put to the allowance of one quart a man for one day, and three pints for another, alternate- ly ; but, confidenng our pallage had hitherto proved cxtretncly ftormy and cold, and a dead time of the ye.ir coming on very fall, it was thought proix-r, in order to keep the people in as good heart as polfible, TO give them whole allowance ot all other provifions, which was ordered accordingly. }lere we farther fecurcd our lower-deck guns, by nailing quoins under the trucks, in cale the :ackics, breechings, or iron-work, might give way, or fail in the llormy weather which wc had much rcafon to expe.'f. Mere likcwife the '7ommo<{<)re rcmovetl the Hon. rain Murray into th.- I'earl, in the roomnf Captain Kidd ; ifffdCaptainlihcap into the Wager in theroomol •(?»piain Murray. He advanced Mr. Charles Saunders, his lirft lieutciwnr, to be comiiiander of the Inal Sloop, in the room of Captain C;heap ; and made Mr. ii'icrrv Brcff, lirll lieutenant of thcirloiiccllcr, fecond lieutenanr ol his own Ihip. 'l"he Trial bemg repaired, «nd the I'earl, whtvhnd thrown al>out 14 ton of water tnetboard when chafed by the Spaniards, being I'up- plied troin the other f]iips, wc made ready to nr r ^ our voyage. ' f"^'"'-'-"!,- This harbour of Port St. Julian is a barred h I only fit to receive fmall Ihips and vell'el-. \Ve'[ ' in the roadalwut two miles from the iiunith of ''' "' is not to be feen open fiom where we Ijv, on-" '' Ihutting in another; and l)efore any fmatl ll'iipor '^",'1"' pretends to venture into the harbour, they 00,.^' lend in their boats at low water, and lix polesorh '" on the ends of the Ihoals, which, in a tnanner hioT'' the pallage. The country about it is pretty nl„ch "'' the level, except a lew copling hillocks to the n„ ,1 ' ward, and a pretty high one in the liav, whirh i, W. S. W. from the place where we lay at and " 'l he latitude ot Port St. Julian is 49 deg. lo nun .s ""^' longitude from L.ondon 69 deg. 4S mm. W. anV T variation ot the coinpafs 17 deg. 20 mm. E. \\\ 1! , here uncertain boillerous weather, with much'^^r fomc Inow, and -cnerAlly thick log, with (o much Cl and lea as made us ride hard, and hallencd our dcu ture troin this unealy lituation. '^'"■■ Sir Jonn Narhorough and fomc others «ritc th they have olten Icen and converfed with the inhabitant m tnis and other parts of Patagonia, and hue iriv wonderful delcnptions of them ; but as we fiw noae " tiieui, 1 have nothing to fay of that fort, nor inilcrj j" 1 think there is any mmg in this wild jwrt of the wutj worthy ot the lealt notice. I'he 27th, at lix in the morning, wem.idc thcfign.!' Iniv provini' th ,. and hazy, wc foon loll light of her, aiul at oiKTm ihc atternix)!!, tacked, and lay by for her coniin>r up. j- levcn we iircd a gun, a lignal lor her, ani liwn aittf ihe joined us, fiaving broke her main-yara m the I lings. Previous to oiir t.-.uing thij port, a council washtid on board the C on, at which all the otliccri i.v fca and land attciui vhin it was proivifcd by the (Vim. modore, that then iirll attempt, after their arrival m ihc' South Seas, llxiuld be the attack ot the town ol l\.:\, divia, the principal frontier of the dillrict oi chii. To this prupolition the council unanmxnilly afrrrvj. in confcqucnce of which, new mllruc^ions were ijivoj to the Captains of the fquadron, by which thcvua- directed, in cale of feparation, to rendi/.vous at tht: illand ot Ncullra Senora del Secoro, an! there rruifc tor todays; alter which, they were oidered torqMir to the height of Baldivia, and there lictwirn 40dfL'. and 40 deg. 50 min. to continue to cruife 14 >li,j longer; and, it 111 that time they were not jomal bv the rell of the fquadron, they were then to quft that Ihtion, and direck their courlc to the illand of jui 1 Kernandcr. - ■'- •/ .../••■• nil iiiwiiitw^, wL- inauc tncliji weighed, and put to lea ; but the Glouceller licinj. 1 ■ jweighmg her anchor, and the weather provm.'il I March the 4th, in the moining, we palToJ by tlie Streights of Magellan, fo near that we law them vcrv plain; the northernmoft (>oint of which, known bv in- name of Cape \'irgin Mary, I found to be in the l.it;- tiide of 52 deg. 28 min. S. longitude Iroin l.omlnn ,) deg. 5; min. W. variation of the compafs iSf ilcg. ^^1 min. E. the foundings, when it bears abixit S. W, by VV. at the dillance of eight leigues, fiom 3! to jo lathom, thcbottop black-grey fand and mud. The aftcrno'iii of this day being very blight and clear, iviih fnnil breezes, inclinable to calm, moll of the Ciptain^ t.Kilc the opportunity ol this lavourable weather to p,u .1 vifit to thc(^mmodorej but, while they were in com- pany together, they were alt greatly alarmed by a liiJ- den flame which burll out on biunl the Centurion, and which was fucceeded by a cloud of fmoak. lloivcvcr, they were foon relieved trom their apprchcniions bv receiving information, that the blall was occation.il by a fpark of lire Irom the forge lighting on funic jjuii- powdcr, and other coirii)iillibl-.s, which the iiirkersim board were preparing lor ufe, in cafe wc fliDulJ tall m with the Spanilh lleet; and that it had been exiuif^uilhcJ without any danger to the Ihip. The 6th, in the morning, wc faw the lan.i of Terra del Fuego, coijlilhng of high craggy hills, lowering above VkiA.'4 hi tM "■^■■"Jytopn.t i-xm,' ah: lll'l 'iioiiih I m r lix 111 ^-t'l!.' I, '•^■'"■'porvcllci "P'-lesorbunv, '■'""". Wocku, ','^'^'"" the nn„h ;ay. «h,ehb,, " '"y =•! anclior •«■ 'oniin. .s. „: '"'• W.a,,, thlon.uchw,n,| Icncd our dcpa,. l'"'"fitc. ,ha: ■''the inhabitant, and hue «„,„ ' ^«<''wnonea ■t' "ur indcrd do Jrt 01 the world m-iiJcthcfifrni' cllcr Ixriiij. In,,,; " proving th;,,,' "*' at one in the COIlUnir up. J. . and rooniKcr "n-yi'd in ihc ouncil wajhtia c odicer? bv fca f(l t>y Ihc Com. -■•r -irrival in the '• to*n ol B,;;, l^ti^^t ot Chill. tnoullyafjrfcd; ons were 1,'ivfn 'hich Iheywirc ilizvous at t^: ri I there r ruife Jercd (o rfj)j|f :t«ifn 40drg. •ruiCe 14 divj 't joined by the 1 to quft that (land ot" Jua 1 palT<\| by tiip •iw ihtin vcrv know 11 bv thj ho in the'l.i!). in l.imiion - j Is I Jf lie;,'. 40 t s. ^^•. by w. to 50 l.ithom, I Ik- alterno-m I', with fiiull L'nptain< !,>ok her to piy ,1 were in tom- led by a (uJ- L-nturion, and . However, :hcnlions, bv s occalionnl )n (iiniCfjiK;. lie olFuers on lioiild lall m L'xtinguilheJ n.i of Tern Is, lywering above Ult' '^- "'■' ['<■<.. ..'..:»ub...\%Jt' f,.clv it' '"' fc,nun bonB .ovcrlhoo S-atcn Unil, „ft*ar(l of facgo •""'« .point of la ihfrs, being ,.jr,n)?aim<' tpin tb'.- ar; near St. r VOYAGES ROUND I tovtcacl^ other, moftly covered with fnow, with deep llf jj valley, fome fewfcactcred trec«, no plains, nor I 'chcirt'iil grfcn through all the difmal profpcdl ; fo Ij'dhcwholc may not improperly be termed the Land |J'n,f„|;,[ion; and I much qucltion whether a more IJiiv •ilp'^'-' '' '" ^^ ^"'^ '" ^"^ other part of the If lablc earth ; forToyagcrs fay this is inhabited, but (/.fly in inhabitants muft be the mod mifcrable of hnun hcingJ. rhis evening we lay by, that we mi^ht I [ pvcrllioot the Straits of Lc Mairc in the night; (Jiou'h I believe, had we kept on, and pafTcd round Sratcn Land, a fmall ifland or two, which lie to the Lu'^jril of thofc Itraits, and together with Terra del I r gy (V.iine them, it would have been more to our ' ,Jllnta^c than by palling through them. yhc'th, ac eight in the morning, we were very near .point of land "" Terra del Fuego, called Cape St. Iim«, bearing K. S. E. another called Cape St. Vin- nt S. 1'.. half K. the middlemoft of the Three Bro- thers, being three high hills on Terra del Fuego, ap- r:ar:ni?almnft contiguous to each other, S. by W. and [urv hit;li fiig.ir-lnaf hill, calleil Monte Oorda, farther IP 1(1 the country, and appearing above them, bore f jth Iriii" lis. It 's by thcfc marks that you know you jre nar btrait Le Mairc ; and indeed wc began to men them in this pofition. By noon wc were almoft thrni'^h them, being alTiftcd by a very ftrong tide with inah rippling, and which made to the ("outhward fonicvihJt before lo o'clock in the morning. The coiirfc through is almoft dircftly fouth, and there arc po (;ii).ils nor rotks in the palFjge from when:c you nuv incur any danger ; the only thing you havr to fear i< [he tide's turning againft you while you are in the Oraits, for in that cafe you arc certainly hurried back aeain, and can have no palTage there till the next turn of the tide. The breadth of this ftrait may be about lix or fcven leagues, and its length about fcvcn or (i^ht; which being pafled, you enter mto a vaft open ocean, commo.-.ly known by the name of the South Sfj. This lUait lies in latitude 55 dc'g. S. longitude froMi London 67 dcg. 30min. W. variation of the com- pjfs 21 dog. 36 min. E. foundings in the ftraits from /j to 58 fathom, the bottom black fand and pebble- ftoncs. In parting through here, our joy was increafed by the brightnefs of the iky and the ferenity of the wtathcr, which was indeed remarkably plcafingi for though the winter was now advancing apace, yet the morning of this day, in its brilliancy and mildnefs, gave pLicc to none wc had fecn fincc our departure from Kngland. But we here found what was conftant- ly vcrilied by all our obfcrvalions in thcfc f.gh lati- tudes, that fair weather w« ever the forerunner of a fuccceding ftorm, and that funfliinc and tci ipcft fol- lowed one another like light and ihadc. Vc had fcarcclv reached the fouthern extremity of the (Iraits, when the ferenity of the flcy, which had fo much flat- tered our cxpciftations, was all at once obfcurcd, the wind Ihifted to the fouthward, and the fea began to fivcil to an aftonifliing height. Before night the tem- ped arofc, and the tide, which had hitherto favoured us, turned furioufly againd us ; fothat, inftead of pur- fuing our intended courfc, wc were driven to the eaft- ward, by the united force of wind and current, with fo tnuch precipitation, that in the morning wc found our- felvcs fcvcn leagues to the caHward of Strait Le Mairc. From this time we had fuch ■ continual Aicceflion of tempeftuous weather as furprized the oldcft and moft experienced mariners on board, and obliged thcin to confefs, that what they had hitherto called ftorms were inconfidcrable gales compared with the violence of thcfc winds, which raifcd fuch fliort and at the fame time fuch mountainous waves, as greatly furpalTed in danger ail feai known in any other part of the globe : and it was not without rcafon that this unufual ap- pearance fillid us with continual terror ; for, had any one of thcfc waves broke fairly over us, it muft in all probability have fent us to the bottom. Nor did wc efcapc with terror only ; (or the (hip rolling inccfTantly gunwale-to, gave us fuch quick and violent motions. No. 41. that the men were in perpetual danger of being dalhcd againfl the ma(ts or iides of the (hip : and though wc were extremely careful to fccure ourfclves from thcfc (hocks by grafping at fomc fixed body, yet many of our eoplewerc forccdifromtheirholds, fomc of whom were lied, and others greatly injured ; in particular, one of our bed feamen was carried over-board and drowned, another diflocated his neck, a third was thrown into the main hold and broke his thigh, and one of our boatfwain's mates broke his collar-bone twice ; not to mention many other accidents of the fame kind. Thcfc tcmpclts, fo dreadful in themfclvcs, though un- attended by any other unfavourable circumitance, were rendered more mifchicvous to us by their inequality, and the deceitful intervals which they at fame times afforded ; for, though wc were often obliged to lie-to for days together under a reefed mizen. and were fre- quently reduced to lie at the mercy of the waves under our bare poles, yet now and then we ventured to nuke fail with our courfes double reefed ; and the weather proving more tolerable, would perhaps encourage us to fet our top-fails: after which, the wind, without any previous notice^ would return upon us with redoubled force, and wou'd in an inlVant tear our fails from the yards. And, that no circumllancc might be wanting which could aggravate our di(^refs,thcl'cblafts generally brought with them a great quantity of fnow and Iket, which cafed our rigging, and froze our fails, thereby rendering them and our cordage brittle, and apt to fnap upon the (lighted (train, adding incxprelQhlc dif- ficulty and labour to the working of the (hip, benumb- ing the limbs of the people employed in handing the fails, or handling the ropes, and making them incapa- ble of exerting themfclvcs with their ufual adivity, and even difabling many by mortifying their toes and lingers. And now, as it were to add the (ini(hing ftrokc to our misfortunes, our people began to be univcrfally afflirtcd with that molt terrible, obliinate, and, at fca, incurable difcafe, the fcurvy, which quickly made a molt dread- ful havock among us, beginning at fir(t to carry otf two or three a day, but foon increaling, and at lall carry- ing off eight or ten : and as molt of the living were very ill of the fame diltempcr, and the little remain- der who prefcrvcd their healths better, in a manner ' quite worn out with incelfant labour, I have fomc- times feen four or five dead bodies, fume fown up in their hammocks, others not, walhing about the decks, for want of help to bury them in the fca. But as the particulars of all the various difaflcrs and fuHerings of various kinds that bcfcl us, would be cndlefs, I (hall only mention a few. The loth, nth, and 12th, very (lormy weather, with fnow and fleet, and a very great overgrown fca from the 8. W. The 15th one William Baker fell overboard and was drowned. The i6th, the Anne pink, which had fcpa- rated from us the nth in the ftorm. again joined us, in lat. 59 deg. ao min. S. Part of the 17th, i8th, and 19th, very ftrong gales, and a great rolling fca from the N. W. The 1 8th, wc had agiin ftrong gales of wind with ex- treme cold, and at midnight the main-top-fail fpiic, and one of the ftraps of the main dead-eyes broke. The a 3d, and part of the 24th, a moft violent ftorm of wind, hail, and rain, with a very lofty fca. The 23d, in the evening, we fprung the main-top-fail yard, and fplit the main-fail into rags, the greatcft part of which was blown overboard. On thcic accidents wc furled all our other fails, and lay-to undcra mizen. The latter part of the 24th proving more moderate, we bent a new main-fail, got down the broken ruin- top-fail yard, and gut up and rigged another in its place. The 25th, it blew a very hurricane, and rednct! iii to the neccdlty of lying-to under our bare pales. As our (hip kept the wind better than any of the reft, we were obliged in the afternoon to wear (liip j in doing of which, we had no other expedient but clapping the helm a-weathcr, aird manning the fqre-Hirouds ; m the 4 R execution M '; .<• • > MM >■',,(.■■: -•rV* « m; , ymm » '■ * i '1.1 ! • i 'f. 3+2 C o M'M o D o R K (afterwards Lord) A N S O N 's cxeiutioM of which wd ln'l one of our bell men canti'ii ovt waril. \Vc perccivetl, thac, nucwithOanding the prqJigious airitatioii of the waves, he fwam very ftrong ; and it was with the iitmoU concern that wc found ourfclvcs incapable of allilting him. Indeed wc were the more grieved at iiis unhappy fate, as wc loll fight of. him llruga;lin!r with the waves, and con- ccivcJ, frotn the niinncr in which he fvvani, that hi: might coiitimie fenlible for a conlidcrablo time longer of the horrcir attending his irretrievable fuiiation. Tne 26rli beiii;^ foniewhat m')re moderate, wc found two of our main-lhrouds broke, which we repaired ; we likewile bent our ni.iintop-lail, and made fail. Tlie -^oth, i'l the evening, the (Jlouceller made .i f.'gnal ot dillrefsiand, on Ipr-aking with her, we found ihe ha, I broke her main-yard in the Ilin "^ ; an accident the more grievous, as it tended tinavi-.^ably to delay us in tiiel'e inholpitablc latitudes, where every moment we V. ere in danger of ncrilliiiig. The weathei ^. oving favourable, ;'' the carpeir.eis «ereordired on board the CjlouiclU-r, and next d.iy Ihe was ready to lail. The ^d, ^th, 5th, and 6th of April, a continued lloiiiio! windaiid KHii; adnadliil fea,iind very mid \\ea- tliTr. We lowered oui yards, furled ocr courles, and lay by for theniollpartiinJera mizzenand mi/,7.en-lla\ -lail. The 3 1, about 1 1 o'elick at night, a raging lea took us on the larboaiil ejuaner, where ii (K.ve in the ijiiaiter ''.''riry, ami rulhed into the Ihip like a deluge. I'or Ifcnc'ime it laiii ili>' (liipd(.ivn upcn her lidej but ll.c jirnvuiciiliallv ri},l'..'d again, though lloulyj it tlirevv down and hall tliowned a'l the people on the deck, broke one iif the llraps of the mam dead-eyes, and Jiiappid a mi/./.cn and piittock Ihroud. This was the preatell lea which we had cncouniered liiue we came into thole pait:, and wc met with but one (uLh lhol\e more 111 tlie whole voyage; twoorthice lucii liicceeding mull ceriain'y have lent us to the bottom. , The 7th, 8th, cy'.h, and loth., continued very rtormv . and fqually, with fiiow, h lil, lain, anil a large 'ea ; the Weather continuing very cold. The Hth, at I'oiu in the evening, thr. .Anne pink made a filViil of dilliils; and, on fpealing with her, we found iliehad fjirung ' 1 f )re-llay, and the gammoning of her bow iprit. '1 hit m«s the more uiilortim.ue, as none of the carpenters were yet ictuined hom the Gi.iiKeller. N'or was the Aiuie the only Ship that fut. f( i\ J in this iliirni; the Wager loll her iii././.i.i)~ma(l and jnan top-lad y.ird, owing to the badmfs ol the iion work. In tins dilciuiiij wc were obliged to I ..ar away till tliefe ll'.ip:! had made all tall. The I oh, loggy and ha/\ . Thii afternoon the Sc- vcrn and I'earl wt re lar a lUrn, and fremcd to me to Jag delignedly. Wc ma.le a very t.(]- lail all day, and ,Sy oy at nigiir, and tired fevcraj guns at a lignal lor t'lem to join 11?; tlv weathi r beng pretty mi)derate, and the wind fair (or (hem, iluy im^jM have eliccUd r With cafe, By ihc clofe of the twnin|{ wc could but Jul) fei ihciii, and from (tut tunc faw (hem no iniite. However, we h'ard afterwards in the Soiitli f-iraii, l>y letters taken on boanl fon.c of i\;e .Spaiiiili rtdpj of their arrival at Kio Janeiro in the H.azils. I'hc I ;th, the weatlur proved fouKwhat :norf mo- dnatc. Ai hall an hudi jjjill one mi the nioinmg we law two illands right a-head, at about two leagues dil- tanrc i w imrncaiaiely wore our fliip, and ftcll as unwelcome, wc imagining wc liaii been to the wellward of all lands and illinJi of (he coafl of lerra del I ucgo, but wi now found our miflake, and that iluie was a necclFity of inir fhnding farther to the fouihwaid. 111 order to get a luflii leiit welling. Thofe illuids I liiid to lie in the laiituile of 54 deg 20 inin. S. longituiie from London S4 deg. 10 mm. W. Mr. W.iiiiff fiippofen the land we fell in with on this oc- ca'i'in til lie ' ape Noir, and a pari of I'erra del F'urgo. I'roiii this time 10 the j jd we had nothing re- markable, the weather coi iJ during the voyage. "'Wd Ihc 2 s; for when the ptopl,; ^]u^^\y reduced to the lall exiiemiiy, (ouiul this to heihcn'j j of lendtzvoiis, where they had ho()td 10 iiuet ih. rcit of their lompanioiis with joy, anil wh.it a iml'crible part of the word it appeared to be, their gruf u^yj way to defpiir ; they (aw no end ol thm lulfcnn^s nor an\ ((Mir <<\-:ii to their fafety. Thole who 'uj hithcito been will and 111 heart, now full of liifui,-;. drn(v, fell down, fii kcned. and d ed ; and, to (um ,,,, this melancholy pan, I verily Ix-heve, that our to;i,h. ingon this (!e men as any in the navy. Thu unfpeakable dillrefi w.»s llill augtj\ i>d l>y tlicdifliiultn* we (imo I in working the lliip, jsthe f( urvy hid by rb»f tunc dellroyrd no lef» than ?oo of our iiitri, and had m fome degi.r alU, ted altnod thi; whoV crfu, It were, ii ile^ I, cndlels to recite mi. nuin/ rhc varioui difafleis, (at guci, and terrors, whuh wf en> oiin'errd on this civai) ; all thcfc went on in- (uafing tillthc j/iiduf May, at w>w< h time the fury of ail the (loMtii which wc h.id hitherto expcritnccii, fecmeii to be combined, and to have confpiied ountc- dru' '1 '^1 In this hurricane almoin all our faili «erc fplii, J id great j-art of our Handing rigging htokcn; and, about eight in the ivening, a mountainous nvcr- giown f( I iiH)k us on our (lariH)ard .|uarter, andjjjvc us (b (iKhligious a Oiock, rh»( frvcii' of our fliioujj broke with the |e k, l)y wl 1 h our iiud.s were imLin- ger of 1 oming by the board , our balUll and (lores too were (0 llrangv'y flufied, that the fliip heeleil iltcr- waiil two llnak^ a-(H)rt. Indeed, 11 was a luort trc- mendoiis bl nv, and wc wen; thrown into the iitinull condcrtiiiiioii, liom the apprchention of indamly founjcting. Our deplorable lituation .allowing no Ion. 4, i" IxA * » ■#-'*• « # ,/. •St. ♦ » -i i' }' ■ H ^fito 1 V • ^ y. \ ' ' \ — \\ ^-^< ^ '< k s, — ^ 1:^: ^^ A. ' £ ^ ''' 5- u» J >> ^ • ■^■'1 ^>= ^; r .i \ .1 1 VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 343 , foom for deliberation, \vc flood for the ifland ^^111.11) I'crnandtz; ami, to lave time, which was now vcrv precious, our mm dyin^; four, live, and fix in a , ; l^.p {.ndf.ivcured ro hit thcilland upon a meridian 'ou'rle. On the aKth of May, being nearly in the pa- \|l^] j'l, „.hith it is laid doun, we expedicd to have f n it and indeed the Commodorewas perfiiadcd that hcdul ice it ; but all the other olTiccrs being of opi- ionthnt It was only a cloud, to which the hazinefs of " wculicrgavc too much colour, wc made, fail to the nrtward, and by fo doing loll near todays in rcco- vVrin" oiM wcfting again, 'ih'.s was a moll fatal dif- inpomtmciit ; for in this run we loR about 8o of our lien which, probably, had the Commodore's advice l- Ml attended to, would moH of them have been favcd. "tIk-SiIi of ]unc. at fix in the evening, we at length fawthe illniJ of Juan I'Linandtz, beaiing N. by K. haU E. ;>hout 15 or 16 leagues oil'. The loth, at two in the iii"i "'■"«• we anchored in 56 fathom, clofc under , M. h. end of the ifland. At 10 in the morning of the I nil, we with much labmir and ililliculty weighed ,mr .inch'or, and at noon hippily mooted our lliip in t'lc (/rc.ii Uiy, about a mile Irom the Ihoie, in 52 ta- ,l,',(^«,',ter.t() our inexprcllVhlcjoy, h.ivin- been from iM K,iil»iii«''s '" ''^'^ ^'^■'''■'' '""'"" I'''' ^' i4*{days, on fuchadrcailtiil and fatal palf.ige as 1 believe vi-ry few other p^rioiw ever cxiR-rieiucd. The lit!', at two in the aliernoon, the Trial Hoop npncarni m the oiling. \N'e immediately font Ibme of J, hinds on board hrr, by whole aflillance Ihc was "•" _ 1 I ..-.1 .1... 1,... I -wr . hioiight to an anchor between us and the land. \V. l(K)n founil that the floop had not been exempted from the like CTlainities which we had fo feverely Lit ; fur lur Commander. Captain Saunders, waiting on the ( oninuxlore, informed him, that, out of his fm.ill com ricmtnt. he had buried :; 1 ol his men ; and thole w ho K-.dVcred were fo univcrlally alHiCtcd with the fcurvy, 1 '.,t only hinilelf, his Lie uunant, and three of his men, war ah'c to ftami by the fails. 1 lit- f.iiiic day wc got out our long-boat, and fcnt hrrfii lliore with m.itnials for building tents for the lick, and with orders to bring on board Come water. ' The 1 ith, v>e fern our pinnace to allid the Trial, flic h;:p.i;d ivtn from her anchors to lea, by the violent tljivs of wind which blow oil the high land.i. This a-ul the next d.iy we put alhmc 7 3 fick hum, in fo weak a comlitinn, tM we were obliged to carry them out of ihc Ihip in the r hainiiuKks, and to convey tlum aftrr- »,inls in the farr.c nnnner iroin the water-fide ovi r a {tOHiV Iwach to the tents pr'.j.Mcd for their reception. Intliis work of huinanity, not only the oflu crs, hut the C'oiuniuUvi himfelf, chcarlully lent their allillann-. The r,ih, the Trial came .igain to an anchor, and moored. I hi$ day and the next we lent on flio e the rnniinderof our hck people, the whole number now i-n lliore being 1 .)5, many of whom, being too far goiu in the li iirvv, died one after another to the number of not lefs than lixty. Wc now began to fend on fliorc niatcri.ils for tent l,ir the coopers, fail-makei-s, and fon\e of ili^ nlVn crs . , i(>i-])ir oven which we had with us lor baking lott bread lor the fhip'.s company, and the fmith's lorgc f<" making or repairing luch iron-work as was nectfr.irv .mil, aiicr a (bnrt intcivalot relaxation, all hands w« ■ liiilily employed, fome in cutting lar^c quantities <■< wtxid tor the fliip'i ufe, fome in making charcoal lor I! '■ finith, and for a farther ftorc ; the bakers in baking hic ul, the coopers in making up and draningihccalk^ r.ir wntcr, the lail -makers in mending the fails and mak- ing other* i fome in filliing tor the fick, and the reft were othcrways employed ; anil here being very great plenty of fine tilh, all taken by the hook, two or ihr.c |)e>ple could never fail to take us as much in !iiH.i two houis a.s all the Ihip's compny could eat : lifnies this we look great qu*i'i''i(S for falling and . iirmg ; and fome priv,itc perfons -iio had hooks and lines lilhed for ihemlVlvct, and never failed of enough ( .1 ihcir own ufe, and to give to thofc who had none- 1 lie people on board were cnnptuyed in cleaning the I fliip, which was in a very filthy condition, and in llrip- ping the malls, and overhauling the rigging. One of the boatfwain'.s mates, with feme alllflants, having run up a rope-walk on Ihoie, was employed in making what finall cordage wc might want ; other;; in watering, and, in lliort, in every thing that might contribute to put us ill as good a condition, and in as Ihort a time as pofli- ble; and as fall as the lick recovered, they were put on the like employmcnt.s. At fiid fight of this ifland, it appeared with a mofl unproiiiiling afpecl, being extremely iiiountainoii,-;, rugged, and irrcfjular; bur, upon our nearer approach, it improved upon us; and wlicii wc were landed, we found all the veg^rables which arc ufually ellecmed to be peculiarly adapted to the cure of liiofc fcorbutic dif- orders whicii arc Contraclcd by fait diet, and long con- tinuance at fca ; lor here wc found watcr-crcfles and (ni llain, wild-ioriel, and ,Sicilian-radi{l-.cs. in profu- lion. Thefe vegetables, not to mention the lurncps which now abound in every plain, with the lilli and Hefli we got here, were not only grateful to us in the ex- treme, but were likewife very rcfrcfliing to the fick, and coiuribiited not a little to the recovery of thofc who were not already too far advanced in the difordcr to .idmit of relief; and to the rclloring of others to their wonted vgour, who, though not apparently under the malignancy of the dillcmpcr, and its banehil con- comitants, weie yet greatly debilitated, by continual watching an.l anxiety ol mind, from which r jt a foul on boiird was exempt. During the time of our rcfidencc here, wc found the inland (larts of the illand no ways to fall .liort of the ianguinc prepoHellions we had full entertained in its favour; for the woods, vUiich covered nii;ll of the llecpell hills, were free from all bullies and under- wood, and allorded an eafy palUigc through every part of them; and the irregul.iritics of the hills and preci- pices, in the northern part of the illind, nccellarily tracc>l out, by their various combination', a great num- ber ol romantic valleys, moll of which had a llre.im of the tlearcll water running through tliem,tli.\t ''umbledin cafcades from rock to rock, as the bottom of the v.tlley by the courle of the neighbouring ' 's was at any time broken into a luvlden Iharp defcent. Some particular fpots occurred in thefc valleys, where the (liadcs and Iragrance of the contiguous wooiis, the loliinel's cf the ovcr-hanging roikb, and the tranTparency and frenuent falls of the neighbouring llre.iiiis, prelcntcd i. ( tu ; of Inch elegance and dignity, as would with dillii ulty be r.valKd in any other part of the globe. It is in this place, perhaps, that the limple productions ol tmallilled nature may be faid to excel all the lii;li- iious defer, piions of the idoII animated imigin.ition. I he Ipot where the ('ommodorc pitched his tent, and w lure he i hole, during his llay, to fix liis relidence, ex- ( >cJed in beauiv any thing that words (xn be ftippofed to repicllni. It was a delightlul little lawn, th.it lay- on ail ealV ati t nt at the dillance ol ibout h.iit a mile liom the tea. and was probably the very Ipot on whicli Slielw.ck twenty u.iri before had pitched his tent. In Iroiit there was a large avenue cut through the .\oods to the lea-lide, which limping to the water with a gentle deh cut, opened a profpi .t to the bay and the Hups at jnclior. This lawn was li reened behiii*) by a tall wood of myrtle fweepiiig round it in tht lorK. vf a theatre, ihe liopc on which the wood Hood rifiu/ *ith a much ilharivr atceni than the lawn itfelf, ihougn not fo much but ' I lie hilU and precipices within land lowered up iimtkUi.i !y ,»lx»v« (the topi of the trci.s, and added to the granil' iM of t»> vicw , There were, i-etides, tw.) II reams ol chfyllal •ftx, which ran on the nghi and left til the tent, vvithm .in hundred jards dillance, and ncte lluded by the trees iliat ikutfd tile lawn on either lid< , and mmplrt' d the Ixnmeiry of the whole. Add toihiie, ihi gentle murnuirings ot thcdillant brcurks, the imilic ot the buds among the myrtles, the Iweet aromatic odour ol ihe fpicr 'tees that every where perfumed thf air with their fragrance, and you may loriu in iiiiaiiina'ion « fa>"t idea of this, fctond par«- dife, lill ; ■ i\l \l \. ' > : Ji. ! 'fir 5 :?|:,:i » «'i 344 Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSO N's ': '! J: f.i'i,^ r'H m^,<£''* dill', which could only be exceeded by the pcrfcdion ofthcfirft. It is aftonifliing, that, among all the voyagers who have vilited this fortunate ifland before us. and who have obliged the world with defcriptions of it, nohe of thein have mentioned a charming little bird that, with its wild, various, and irregular notes, enchants the ear, and makes the woods rcfound with its melody. This untutored choriftcr is foincwhat lefs iri file than the goldfinch, its plumage beautifully intermixed with red and other vivid colours, and the golden crown upon its head fo bright and glowing, when feen in the full light of the fun, that it furpafTcs all defcription. Thefc little birds are far from being uncommon or unfamiliar; for they perched upon the branches of the myrtle-trees fo near us, and fung fo chcarfuUy, as if they had been confcioiis we were ilrangers, and came to give us wel- come. There is, befidcs the above, another little bird, un- noticed by any former writer, and v^hich fccms tikc- wife peculiar to the illand, and c(infctiiicntly without a name; it is Hill lefs than the fornu-i in Hzc, but not inferior in beauty, though not fo nuilical ; the back, wings, and head, are of a lively green, intermixed with fine Shining golden fpots, and the belly a fiiow white f,round, with tbonv coloured fpots, fo elegantly varied as no art can imitate. To the catalogue of birds men- tioned by former writers ai inhabitants of this ill.md, fliould alio be added blackbirds .nnd thriiiiies very like thole in Kngland ; and owls, Init ot a il;ininiitive li/.e. Of four-footed animals we fjw none but lioj^s, cats, rats, and goats ; and of the latti r but dw, ;is tlie dogs of various kinds, grey-hcuiiuls, maltilts, pointirs, fpanitls, and mungieN, hive th;;ine.l thcin in the plains, and driven them to the inaccelfible mountains; yet Ibnie were lliot by the hunters, and weri'prelerred hv them to the bed venifon. Among thole picfeiUi d to the Commodore were two or three venerable throu;',h age, that hatl been marked more than thirty years be- fore by Selkirk, who trained them lor his fporr, Hit their cars, and turned them loofe to gr.ize the moun- tains. I remember we had once an opportunity of obferv- ing a remarkable difputc betwixt a herd of thofe ani- mals and a number of dogs ; for going in our boat into the eallern bay we perceived fomc do(;s nin very eagerly upon tne ttx>t, and being willing to dillover what game they were after, we lay upon our o.irs fome iinu- to view them, and at lad faw them take a hill, where, looking a little tarther, wc ohlcrvcd upon the ritlj;e ol it an herd of goars, which feemed drawn up for thur recep:ii)ii. There was a very narro.v path (kirted on each fule by precipices, in whi( h the leader of tlie herd pnlUd himfrlf frontini; the enemy, the tell ol the goats being ranged behiinl rum where ihe ground wa» iiuire open; as this f[X)t was ina'cefnble bv any other path, excepting where this ch.impion had [)laicd himleU, the dogs, though they ran up hill wiih great alacrity, yet when they came within about twenty yanls, lounil they diird not en (Hinter this (i)riiiida')'e (ioliah, lor he would mlallibly have driven the liid that approa* hed liim down the precipice ; they therefore i|uictlv laid themlelvcs down, panting, and did not oiler to llir while we remained m light. Thefe dugs have multiplied prodiginully, and have deHioycd uv4\ of the cats :is well as goats ; the rat*, however, keej) pr)frellinn, and were very troublefomc guefls in the iiighi, when thry generally paid us iheir vilits. It IS noi eafy to determine in what manner fuch a multitude of d(>,;s liibfill, as they are much more nil- mcious than jill lite other foui-tooied creatures upon t!u' illand. Our people, indeed, were inclined to think, that t'lcy lived in a great mealure upon the young lea- lion? ani! feals, and liipi>orted ihrir opinion by i'\e re- port of the failors, fome of whom killed the dogi tor fond, who laid ihey tilled fi'hv ; and, rnili, there ii h;ir ilv any other wav of ai t mini my for the lubfilKni e <>; ti.efe ammaU i lor, a* has been laid, thi \ have al- icady d;;llioycd ail the yoats in the acicdibic paui yl the country; fo that there now remain only 3 r among the crags and precipices, where the do' ol dif!'\fs. She continued in this niannr' and on, (omit »h- n fight, and (bmetimesnot, nil > J (, durinjj wh.. h time, though wc often relicvtii people oi> hoii ' with waicr and other ncc tllijries, their fulhrrmg were tatupportable, and then whu complement were mkiccd tu ab >ut y6 living perloii, all ot whom muO h«%« prrinK-d in a lew (b)smor;, had not the wind prr-trd fav. uraSk ioi)ringihein iniu the bay j bui pro»ideiiti*lly a Irefh gale (pn nj; uplrom the fea, and brought ihciii 'o an iiuhof. Wc imnic- dMtcly feni men on biurd 10 afTill m ni(>i»*»ng (he Ihip, and continued uurcoiillant all'Jtan'.ta iwujs, during our VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 345 (lay at this place. The 5th of Auguft, the Com- " i^'fg fent the Trial floop to fcarcli the ifland of Lit- ",'. i^jn Fernand.'Z, left any of the fquadron (hould have miftaken tnat ifland for the pldce of rendezvous, and might remain there in expc(ftatioil of meeting the rcil of the flcei. On the i6th, the Anne pink, which was feparStcd from us with the reft of the fquadron the 23d of April, lopcared in fight. Her arrival gave us new fpirits, Ik being laden principally with provlfions, and wc iiinicdiately were ordered full allowance of bread. This lliip had been about two months in a fafc har- bour, on tlie main land, near the fame parallel with del Soccoro, where fhe had been direnc on board miuhi have reached the kind in fafrty, md might have lie >d theinfclves with piovifions, and every nerefTiry lor their prefent fub- fi*'< IV c and future t ape: hut the moment the lliip k, all fuboi'dination imltd ^ one (Mrt of (he new got puirillion of the lii^uors, iniokicated themfelvcs in 1 iKirtly manner, »nd gren Itantir in their (ups ; ano- ther part Ix'^aii to iurniOi thrmleivcs with uri.is, and to make theinfttvesmaftci* 1 the money and things of moll value on Ixwrd; while the ( "luain, .ind fome «>! liii piincipal oibccrt, endeavoured in vain to nuiint.iin No. 42. their authority, and to preferve a proper difciplinc among them, in order to effeift the deliverance of as many as it was polTible from the common danger irt which all of them were involved ; but the mutinous difpofltion that prevailed rendered every etFort for their prefervation ineffedlual. Thofe who remained in pof- fertlon of the fliip and her ftorcs, pointed the cannon^ and fired at thofe who had gained the land ; thofe at land grew riotous for want of provilions t nothing but anarchy and confufion prevailed ; and, what added to the cataftrophe, a ttiidfhipman named Cozens, who had bufied himfelf in oppofition to all good government, was, by the Captain, (hot dead upon the ipot. This put an end at once to all manner of fubferviency ; and after this every one thought himfelf at liberty to pur- fue what fchcmc he thought beft for his own prefer- vation. Of about 130 perfons who reached the ftiorc, 30 died on the place; about 80 others, having converted the long-boat into a fchooner, failed to the fouthward^ attended by the cutter. Thefe, being diftreffed for want of provifions in redoubling Cape Horn, and hav- ing loft their cutter in a ftorm, fuffered unprecedented hardlhips in their return to the coaft of Brazil, where only 30 of them arrived to give an account of the mi- ferablc fate of their companions, feveral of whom died of hunger ; others defired to be fet on ftiore ; and fome, beginning to be mutinous, they landed and dc^ fcrtcd. Of the 19 who were left behind in Wagers llland with the Captain, 16 embarked on board the barge and the yawl, and attempted to efcape to the northward 1 of thefe one was drowned in the yawl, and four were left on a defcrt part of the coaft, where it is probable they all periC'cd ; the remaining 1 1, after a liuitlcfs attempt to weather a point of land, called by the Spaniards Cape Trefmentes, were forced to return to Wager Kland, from whence they firft fct out, where meeting with a Chilocn Indian, who could fpeak a lit« tie Spanilli, they agreed with him to pilot them to Chiloe; but, after coafting along for tour days, the Cup^ tain and his otliccrs being on ihore, five in number, the other fix perfuaded the Indian to put to fea without them, by which the reft were reduced to the fad nccef- tity of travelling near 600 miles, fometimcs by land, and foinetimes by water, till at length, after a variety ot misfortunes and hard(hq»>m tearching the idand of Littlv FernamW, and teps'ted that k lies al«)ut 20 leagues due v> . A from thii »»K.v we 1«> ; that it IS alxKtt three Ica^iux in compafs, being » i: r - if ijl 346 G o M M o u o R E (afterwards J.ord) AN SO N's ihr^ il-.'! ' ,1 ,!,■ 's '.1 lar aclvar\cecl, a wharf for the better landing ami cm- barking fuch" nctilfarics as V\ c h.iJ oc'caiion lor. Wc kept two ovens-employed in baking bread tort-lie fliips companies, two i'mith's forges ior repairing' old and fitting new iroVi-work, arid made abundance of char- coal'tor fut-ure u(c. 'IhO Commodore likcwife ordered thtcarpeiifers'to takca careliil lurvey.of the Anne* pink, the mafter of whiVli fct forth, that (he was in fo Koiten a condition, as not to be fit to proceed nor return' with- out very conliderabic repairs; which ropreftntation U[)on a fiirvey being found to be trw, the Clcmmodorc purchafed her materials at a fair valuation, and or- fjered her to be broke up, anc) her crew to be put on board the GJoiiceder, that lliip not having hands enough .left to navigate her, much lefs to light her, in cafe of ;in attack from the enelny. This illand lies in latitude 33 dog. ,[0 min. S. and longitude 87 dcg. ^7 min. \V'. trom London; dillance from the mam conrinent log leagues; compafs, by the belt accounts of thofe who hati been round it, 12 or 13 leagues. There are two linall .ind very commo- dious bavs within the points, which form the large one M'herewclav, one to the calK\aril,tiie other to the well- ward of u-5, Tind no dout^i Icvi-ral ut-»ftiT. She proved a rich nterch.int Ihip, having on board iS,c::ol. fterltng in dollars and plate, with fomc jewHs, and abundance of gold and lilvrr twifl ;l)ut the bulk of her ( argo cenlilled m fugsrs and bale goods, moil of the latter K«ro|X'arT, but lomc the pr(»diireof the ciui^rry. .She w.is called the Nueftra Sonora del Monte t.' irmelo. She was ol about 'the'(\reagthol (kiij)ping he touKI, and fend them t(|i'rMi|t ailV ijland of Juan Vcrnamlwj wheie we mufl 6f necetlit)?ti5uch.(o tetteih our pcuplc, and to repair Oiir ftiips; and fflither aiivifed, ih«, nj cafe of meet iftgiis, 'they fluiiU^ not tiaiui to light or ( annonade at a .ili(l.irtce, in' wiiich podibly we mi'iiht have the .advantage, or make our efcape, but (hiiuld boaivl lis at onCc fwoid in h.and ; which murt, if wdl exc< uteii, In oui- weak condUioij, infallibly prove the means ot taking u'i. ' ' , ' ■| his was ,a' Well-lald liReme, and in purfuantcof it the \iC-eroy cifui^t.f Jiree (hips at Ciillao, one of i;o, one ol (o, and .)lic'(il'^p^ujiH'^'al!'|1oubic manned with the choicell men thi')'(SfiTd'p/.'11ihI\ procure, and fciitthem to wait Icir us aci pnliojily^ Thole (hips aivivcd at Juan hernande?. fof^ie time. T tJiink, iii May, an.l contimied tiH ab»i^['iai Ujvie wifhioiilji our lin- gle (liip^ in'fa.vh a"U'fcJjccIffs condiyon, ar)d hitlihcy •put their ohier's i^ cxarut^.op.\\ith any {olerahlc dqjrcc of refolutidhj wc, piultjq^llj F|u^jj4inipH)l)#bijit) have failed' ihtb their liah(|s»" .•;,.;.. . : '. Our'iyifprltls. ii\torH,K^| us fu;il^r, that ihofe fliips, 'durhig (ntir cruiCe, h.iiT m^Vj^iiJi li ftprtn, jn which ihcy h/d received lii> ibdc'h diiixifige, -th.ii it mufl be- at Icall two month : belofc they pQ'ijtl ag.^mjK- lit to en to fea. The wh(5le of fhis intctligence was as favoqrable ji wc coulil h!iv.. of Uni^fe, ,^^M^ VOYA(JES ROUND the W O R L U. 3-f7 I it idand's having been lately vilitcd by fomc white ''suiiiiay the ijth, having got on board nioft of the prifoncrs of note, and all the (iivcr, we made fail (or I „ FfrnaiidcZ ; and the weather proving very mo- I'.itc, at lix in the cveninir that illand bore N. W. I'v'atthe dirtancc of live leagues: At three the *;,' niorning wc iirid three giiiis, as a lignal to the '■ in the bay. At four we anchored, got in our I'Jll bower cable, which wc had (lipped at leaving the Jaa. and moored oiir Ihip. The I cih we employed in watering, ard letting up ur v"\!^W> '" °"^" '" P"''^"*^ "'"■ voyage. And this 1 'liK Commodore being informed that feveral ' r'ch.iiit-fiiip'' ^^''''''■' fio* purfuing their trade without I-'ir nt any furpn/.e, the 'I'rial was ordered out on a uwir, and proceeded immediately. •|'!a- ibth we got up a new top-gallant-mafl, and i,,ntiiv' fimie cordage we were (upplicd with it from 1 .. (;ioucclltr. This and the (i;)llowing days, until the [(I'll, »^ 'l"^"' '" 8<^"'"*^ '^'^"y ''^'"i5 '"'^"'^J' *°'" '^^ «itli'(hcutmo(l expedition. The iqth we fent 28 of our prifoncrs on board the Gloucidcr, (lie being weakly manned, and thole pri- |omi5 being good failors. Wc likewifc fupplied the iirize with two months provilions of all forts, a lull allowance (or lO men put all the guns belonging to ihc Anif P'"'' "" board of her j and, hav ing left orders Miih Captain Mitchell, of the Glouceller, to burn the nink, tojicther with her iilclefs (tores, ami appointed hnn'tiis llation off the town of Payta, which is the iIjcc »hcrc the (hips between Lima and I'anama ge- nrrally touch to deliver part of their cargoes to be dif- nafi'd through the inland parts of Peru, with orders ,„f,il ti) ili,it ftation as foon as polTible, we weighed, ^„^ [iK)k leave of our win'r. rclidcni c, in company with the pri/.e, which the Co nmodore had fitted up wcniife againil the enemy. Tho2ilt, at (our in the evening, wc had the la(l f,, lit of this idand, it then bearini^ from us \V. by X. jithcdilt.ince of 17 leagues. I he remaining da)s until [he :4th, wc had variable and uivert.itn weather, in tthicli we (plit our main-top-l.iil and (ore-fail, and racivid fume other (light damage. The a4ih, at live in the eviiimg, being fomcwhat hi/.v, ttc law t«o fail to windward, 011 which we cleared ;iiii), in order 10 be ready to engage, the largcll of the itfo lliips bearing down upon us. .At (even the came \o near, th.ir we hailed her in Spanilh, and (he aiifwer- r,l in F.nglirti, ami told us, that (lie was a prize taken hv the Trial, and tliat h>r lonfort was the lr;al itfelf, uhiih was very much difabled. At eleven the next niDining, there being a hard gale and high fea, t!ie Trial tired two guns as a lignal of di(lie(s, and bore ,\u.iy bctore the wind, and we after her. The (ame (l.iyhaif anhoiir pad no ten. She «v3s called the Carman, comnnanded by Signior Marcus Marina, and came out of Payta the day before, bound to Callao, laden with iron and cloth, being a very valuable cargo. We found on board an Irifhman, named John Williams, who pretended hiinfclf a prifoner amongfl them, and with much fcemingjoy entered with us. He inform- ed us, that, smongft other fhips in the port of Fayta, they left in thf. road a bark which was taking in 4CX},cxx} dollars, with which flie would fail for Panama in a day or two at farthefl ; and the Spanifli prifoners being examined, and confirming the intelligence, and farther giving fomc account of the ftrength of the place, the Commodore refolved to attack it this very night, and made preparations accordingly. Mr. Thomas Simmers, mate of our fhip. with one mid- ihipman and about 10 or 11 men, were fent to com- mand and take care of this lall pri*e. At four in the afternoon. Point Nonura Iwre l\. by S. half S. diflant eight leagues. At ten at night, we fent our barge, {linnace, and Trial's pinnace, to attack the town of 'ayu by furprize. They had 49 men well armed, and were commanded by the lieutenants Brett, Dennis, and Hughes, who had orders, if polfible, to fecure the governor of Payta, and fend him prifoner on board in order by that meant to procure a fiipply of provifions, and a ranfom for the town. Half an hour after eleven we founded, and found 4 j fathom water, the ground mud, the illand of I.obos bearing:; N. N. E. at the iliflancc of three or four miles. At fcven in the morn- in;^. Point Onado, being the point that forms the bay of Payta, bore S. S. E. two miles dillant ; and the town of Payta at the fame time began to open in a direct line with it, dillant about four miles ; foon after which we faw our Britilh colours Hyinc on the calHe. At ten the rrial's boai came on board, loaded with gold and filver, corn, wrought plate, jewels, ahd rich moveables. 'Ihey informed us, that they toi)k the town about two in the morning ; and that, though the Spaniards had fomc time before been appri-zed of : *■ : ii-X -- i- our ■ ent, they yet made a very faint refilUncc ha ~" fired but two guns from their calllc btlurc our ^'"'^ landed, and a few fmall arms afterwards, when th "' ' quitted the town with the grcatcfJ precipitation %h" governor and his family nude their efcapc in lo n, 1? halle, that his lady was handed oiit of a window h no other clothes to cover her but her Ihilt. j^\\ ,l**"' habitants fled in the like contulion, except fouK- ' ' women and children. In tiiis adion we loll onca^'" Peter Obrian, the Commodore's Iteward who «a- n "' through the bread by a mufquet-ball j and had i"' wounded, to wit, Arthur Lufk, a quarter-mailer l^t the Spanilh pilot of the Terefa, whom wc had nude , f of as a guide j the firfl through the flcOiy part of th arm near the flioulder, the fccond through the wr ft but neither dangcroufly : and I have had it „ ''■ from fcvcral oHitcrs then on fliore, that our men to the attack, and fired m to irregiHar a manncT th'" It was, and ItiU remains a doubt, whether thole w ^' not Ihot b • our people rather thai* by the enemy "' The town of Payta, at the time of the attack had a fort with eight guns mounted, which conunamjc^ th town and harbour ; and the balcony of the go/criio ' houfc, which again commanded that <^ort, together mh feveral other houfts, w;« lined wiii armed men If which there might be about 400 in the town; butthci- people having enjoyed a long peace, and b'cinjr £«,' vated by the luxury fo cullomary in thole ^xnt, tlKir arms in a bad condition, and no perfbn of experience courage to head them, it k no wonder that they ni^. fo ftnall a reliflance, and were ait driven outo( th*^ town in left than half an hour by only 49 men j but I believe the noifc of two drumj which wc mije ufe of, together with the fuddenneli of the furpmc contributed to iBiiinidatc thcni, and facilitated our' fuccefs. On our getting poflcfTion of the canic. our com. manding ofhcer very inconlidcratcly ordcrrJ the gunj to be thrown over the walls, which accordingly wi, executed ; but fomc time after refleaing on the I'l confequencc wbieh might attend that procctdinii he ordered two of ttu-m to be got uu and n mounted. At eleven our barge came on board, loaded wiilj money, plate, and jewels. This town contains about 1 40 or 1 50 houlc! ; there arc in it two churches, which together with the governor's houfc and calllc, are the only remarkable buildings. There are fcvcral km llore-houfcs full of rich Kuropean, Afian, and American goods, all which were deflroyed when wc let the town on fire ; of which in its place. The town lies in liii- tude 5 deg. 3 niin. S. and longitude from London !iS deg. 48 mm. W. 'ibis afternoon wc cmpUycd our- felvcs in getting off the plunder, and provilionsof hoci and fowls, which were herein great plenty. In the even. ing we anchored in 10 fathom water, the town bcarini; from ui S. by E. half K. at about three miles dillanci. not being able to get farther in, by reafon of the Ami of wind from oH the land. Irom this time to the i5ih, we were employed in getting on board the plunder. which chiefly conhllcdol rich brocades, laced cloaihs, bales ofjlinc linens and wooUent, Britannia's, (lays, and the likcj toj^ethtr wiili a great number of hogs, fbiae (hecp and fowls, cafes of Spanifh brandies and wines, a great quantity of onioir, olives, fweet-meati, and many other things too tcdioii. to name, all which the failors hoped would have b«ii equally divided among the fhip's compamcs, but they found themfclves difappointed. We found in the road, one (hip, two fnows, on: fchooncf, and two quartcr-gallics, all which wc took poirellion of. The 14th, in the morning, wc hv^ a bark-log, as they call it, being a (ort of rati made oi the Humps of trees fallencd together, overlaid with poles, and covered with fmall twigs twilled mat-Hile, wi'h feveral people in her coming along lliore from the fouthward. She had .i fort of maft and lad in her, and at (irft fight we knew not what to make of her; and none of our own boats being on board, wc lent the VOYACJE ROUND the WORLD. 349 - '"••lore our nifn •fccipuation. -r' '^'"- ■■^11 the, "»"cr.,nalJcr. and ''^""Kh the wnft •; '^^•^ it reported' "^« o«r men ra„ '/ •", "T". 'hat fi^' I'" thole wc,c 1 tne enemy. ;f the attack, had ncon,n.arKid,l,j "' '"<•• governors °". together „„[, ai-nied men, ot t^"\n: butthcic ■*';'^ being cnc. '"'>'« p.»m, t|,„r ^"''•■fpcricnceur r 'hat chcy rr.aJc "ven out o« the 49 men ; but j •') »«: nuJe ufe ^f 'he furpr,,, i facilitited our •aflJc, our com. roaej i|,c g^^j jccordingly wj, ^"^S on the ii| Nt proceeding, « "P »nd xu fd. loaded with > tontains about lurches, which, callle, arc the ff I'cvcral lai(.e V and American »c let the to*n '*" lies in lati- uin London SS cmpi#yeil (lur- >vilionsoth(^»j S- Inthecveii- ctownbcariiij^ miles dillaiKc. JHofiheHaHi c employed in Hyconlillcdot iiie linens and fogelhtr with l"«lii, cafci of iity ol onion., i;s too tedioiij Jld have betn lies, but they liih we took ig. wc faw a rail made oi iverlaid with ed mat-wilc, \ lliorc Iroiii J l^iil in licr, lake ol hf r ; »fd, He lent the , ^^rlnen'.s boat, with Mr. Lanydon, a tnidniipman, 'ho coiniTis"''''^ '" the fctond place on board that \n and I'lirx^ armed [Kopic, to purl'ue them, who ' 'civing It P"t on fliore, dnd nude their cfcapcovcr \- rocks. Mr. Langdon took their bark-log, which h.Vound to be laden with dried lilh, which we luppofc Vv were carrying to Payta tor a market. This ' • ninii tl"^ Spaniards, who had all along appeared in ' J nunihers Irom the hills, and were now conlidcr- ''nlv incrtated, making a fticw of warlike prc|)arations, -il they deligned in the night to attack our people m he town, they thereupon barricaded .the llieets, anti vcrv llrict watches, to prevent a furpri/.c. Several rrrocs delivered thenifclvcs up, deliring to be made oriloncrs, th-it they 'night have fome tood, and more cfpcciall) water, to keep them from perifliing; tor till: couiuiy thereabouts being for many miles round uuite lurrtii and fandy, without cither water or any mher thing ncccllary tor life, and the ncareft town ijthcm, lumcd as I think Sanda Cruz, whence relief mieht be got, being a day and a half or two days iourncy oil, tlie people who had left the town wi-rc m "allarviMg condition, and we had melancholy accounts oflevcral dving among them tor want chicHy ol water (liifing our l'"»ll "•')■; at^-l ^-t fo greatly were they infitiiati'd or frightened, that they never olK-red to ncJt lor the ranloin of the place, which if they had Ijrit- lbclie>cit would not have been dcit roved; in vhich cale, they might have fecurcd to themfclvci i,jt only their habitations, but provilions and water enough (till they could have got a frelh recruit) uhich we lli>)uld on that condition have readily Ictt ihciii- The town fccms to be very unhappily fituatcd on ihatand lome other accounts, they having no water but ■.'hi'. IS brought them by land carriage trom feveral Icaiiucs oil ; lo that rhey arc obliged to keep very con- liJcrablc ijuaiuitics by them in earthen jars, not only for their own ufe, but lor the Ihips who Ircqucntly touch here, where they likcwife olten unload, and take in fttih c.itgoes. 'I'hcy arc in the fame cafe as to gram, bread, and alinofl all other ncceflarics of hie; and he 1j cnien to an enemy, that the town has been often taken and ruined by the I'.nglilh, Dutch, and I'Vcnch; all which mconsenienccs, one would imagine, ihould tempt them to change their liiiiation ; but then the (onvenientv of their trade is f) gicat, being the only projxr plaic they can pitch on for a mart between ranaiiu and I'eru, that they prefer thi.s lucrative con- >cnicnce to all other conlideiation''. Among the Haves who had dclircd to be entertained in our fcrvice, was one, who, laving been a Have in Jamaica, had on the death of his malU-r obtaincil his liberty, and thereupon entered himfclf a krvant to one olthe South Sea Company's factors, whom he accom- uanicd to I'orto Bello and Panama, and there got into the fcrvice of a Spamlli gcntlenan, who t(X)k a great tancy to hun, and with whom he went to Lima in Peru, where this mailer hkeiife dying left him a very conlidf rabic legacy; but the jwwcr being now in the hands ol his executors, they not only deirauded him of this legacy, but made him a (lave a lecond time. He was now at I'ayta with one of his new m.ilkrs, on his pall'agr Irom Lima to I'anaii a, when he took this opportuniiy to come over to us-, and being a very handy fellow, and accuUomed to vait on gentlemen, he was immediately taken into the Coinmodore's fcr- vice, came with us into I'.nglaiid, inA^ I believe, con- tinued with him till his death. T.iis pcrlbn gave us fome inlormation of the deligns of the .Sj miards on fliore, and told us we hail killed one or two of them, and wounded feveral others; but this account was never, that 1 know of, farther conlinncd. The 1 5th, in the morning, wc fert on (liorc all our Spanitli, and feveral of our Indian prifoncrs, keeping all the blacks and fome ot the Indians, tu allill in working the fliips, &c. To the blacks, who were all or moll of them llavcn, was promifcd their liberty in England, in cafe they would Hand by and allill ua No. 4i. againll our enemies the Spaniards; which they all pro- mifcd very cordially: but we could foondifcover, that, notwithllanding their fccming condcfcenfion, molt of them w-»uld have much rather continued in the fcrvice of their old mailers, than fail to accept of liberty with us ; not that I believe thofc people were in love with llavery, or would not willingly have had their liberty, but then it mull be on their own terms, the Spaniards in thofc parts being in great awe of the Indians, whom, though they have fubdued, and llcem to have incorporated among them, they dare not trull, but keep theic blacks as guards, and ufe them well. The truth is, thofc Indians have Hill preferved, by tradition from father to Ion, the memory of the great cruellies which the firft Spaniards cxercifed in thofe parts, and are angry enough at their prefent hard ulagc. They look on thcmfclvcs as the natural lords of the country, and the .Spaniards as covetous intruders, and cruel in- human tyrants; and want only opjiortunity to make them fenlible of their refemmcnt, and to recover cheir loll country and liberty. 'Tis on this account that the Spaniards arc very kind to their black Haves, whom they cherilh and encouarage highly, and look on them 111 the fame light of a Handing militia, alwa)s ready to arm againH thofe Indians; lo that, though the nc-' grocs in all other plantations in the Well Indies arc ever ready for revolts and rebellions, thefe on the con- trary, are always ready to detcnd their kind iiialleis with their lives, in etfect they liNe very eafy, are favoured by the Spaniards, and fcorn and iniult the poor Indians, who in return hate and detell bcih them and their mailers j that being all that is lei in their power. Ihis day an nrdcr was given to Mr. Brett, the then commanding otiicer on Htore, to burn :ind dellroy the town cntiiely, the two churches, which lloud a little out of the way ot the rcH, only excepted ; the Spaniards, as hij been already laid, never having made any ad- vance towards tieating for its rantom. But now, before 1 entirely quit the relation of our tranfaclions at this place, it may, perhaps, be expected, that I lliould give a more particular account of the booty we made, and of the lofs the Spaniards fullaincd. I have already obfervcd, that there were great quan- tities of valuable cHeCls in the town; but, as moH of them were what we could neither difpofc of, nor carry away, the total of this merchandize can only be rudely guelied at. The Spaniards, in their reprelentations lent to the Court ot Madrid (as wc were afterward* alluied), crtimated their whole lofs at a million and a half of dollari ; and when it is coiiHdered, that no fmall part of the goods wc left behind us, were of the richell and moll expenlive fpecies, as broad-cloths, lilks, cambrics, velvets, &:c. I cannot but think their valuation I'ufTiciently moderate. As to ourlelves, thcacquilition we made, though in- coiiti.lcrable in vomparifon of what wc dellroycd, was yet t.ir trom delpicable; ti)r the wrought plate, dollars, and oiiurcoin, which fell into our hands, amounted to upwards«)fjo,oool.beHdes feveral rings, bracelets, and lew els, w hole inrrinlic value wc could not then ellimatc : and over and above all this, the plunder, whi.h be- came the properly of the immediate captors, was very great ; lb that, upon the whole, it was by much the moll important booty we met with upon that coall. There remains Hill another matter to be related, which on ai count of the lignal honour which our na- tional character in thofe parts has thence received, and the reputation which our Commodore in particular has thereby acquired, merits a diHinOt and ciicumllan- tial difcullion. 1 have already obfervcd, that all the prifoncrs taken by us, were, btlbrc our departure, put on Hiorc, and dilcharged, amongll whom there were (bmc perlbns of conliderablc diHincing at length convinced ot nur finccrity, they grew perfcdiy eafy in their litiintion, and remarkably cheerful; fo that it was often difjuita- blc, whether or no they confidend their being ik'.unid by us as a misfortune: for the youth I have above men- tioned, who was near two months on board us, had ;it Lift fo far conquered his melancholy furmifes, and had taken fuch anatVeiition to Mr. Anfon, that it is doubt- ful to me, whether, if his own opinion had been alked, he would not have preferred a voyage to Kngland in the Centurion, to the being fct on Ihorc at I'ayta, ■where he was at liberty to return to his ctJuntiy ami friends. This conduft of the Commodore to hif prifoners, which was continued without interruption cr devia- tion, gave them all the highcfl idea ol his humanity and benevolence, and octalioncd them, likcwil'e, (as man- kind arc fond of forming general opinions) to enter- tain very favourable thoughts of the whole I'.nglirti nation. 15ut whatever they might bedifpofcd to think ot Mr. Anfon before the capture of the Tercfa, their veneration for him was prodii;iouily increalcd by his conduct towards the ladies whom he ttx)k in that veird ; for, bciii^ informed that there were among them a mother and two daughters ot exquilite beauty, w ho were of quality, he not only gave orders that they Ihould be left ;n full polfcHion ot their own apartments, but alio forbid, on the feverell f.enalties, any of the common people on board from approaching them ; and, that they might be the more certain of having thefeor- dcrsiomplitd with, orot havingthe mcansof complain- ing if they were not, he perinittcd the pilot, who in Spa- nilhlliips is generally the fcrond perfon on board, to Hay with thtm as a guardian and protecfor. Thel'e were mcafures that leemed fi> different from what might have been ex[)ected from an enemy and an heretic, thiit the Spaniards on board, though they had ihem- fclvcs experienced his beneticence, were iurpnzed at this new inllancc of it ; ai.l the more fo, as all this was done without folicitation, and without the inierpo- iition of one friend to intercede in their favour. The ladies were fo fenfible of the obligations they owed him for the care and attention with which he proteded thcin, lii.it they abloluiely relufed to go on Ihorc at P.iyia, till they had been permitted to wait on him on biard the Centurion to return him thanks in perfon. Indeed, all (he pnloners lelt us with the llrongcll alluiances of their grateful remembrance of his un- lommon treatment: a jcfuit, in particular, whom the t." immiidore had taken, and who was an cccleliallic of (ome dillini:li()M, could not hdpcxprcfling himfelf with great thankfulnefs ton the civilities he and his country- men hid found on bo.iui, der l.iriii;,' that he (hould roaiider it as hiv duty to do Mr. Aiifoa juftice at all rimes, addin;^ that his ulago ot the nun prifoncrs was fuch as could never be forgotten, and fuch as h> lliouKl never fail to acknowledge upon all otcalion'. but that his behaviour to the ladiis was Ibcxtmori ' nary, and fo extremely honourable, that hedoubtcd it all the reg.ird due to his own ecclcliaflical eharai!t> would be futruient to render it crcdibk-j indeed were afterwauls iiilormed, that he and the nit of' our priliiners had n(>t been lilcnt on this licid ; hut that both at Lima and at iiihtr places, they had given the greatell encomuims to our Commodore; that the lifuit, in particular, as we were told, on liis account interpreted in a lax and hypothetical (eiife, thatartidi.' of his church which alFerts the inipollibility of heretics being laved. But to return : Alter wc had liiiillied our biirinels, fet the town in flames, and got the t,-eafurc on board, Mr. Urctt the otlit'cr who commanded the attack, having colla'Ld hii men to;:cther. was directing his mar, h towards the beai.h were the bnais waited to taki- them on board when the Spuiiards on the hiil bcl'.ind the town nb^ fcrving his retreat, relolved to try if they could not precipitate his departure, and :hcicl)y lay lonie founda- tion for future boalling. To this end a paity of horle all picked men lingled out l(-r this daring cntcr'ui?,/ marched down the lull with ri.iich feeitiing iclulutioa' fo that, had we not ciiteitaitud a \ul\ opinion of thc.r prow els, we might have iinngntd, that, lunv wc wtro upnii the open beach, witli ;k) advantages of lituation tluy would ceitau.ly have charged us: but we prc- liiined, and we were not millakrn, that all ih;s was mere oltuifation; tor, notwithli, in, ling the pomp anj p,irade they at liill c: i,ie en wiili, .Mr. Hritt had no looner ordeud hisincn to hale and lace about, thanthc enemy Itopt their career, and never daicd to advance a Hep farther. When our people an ived at their boats and were ready to go on board, they were forfimc time ictardcj by milling one ot their number; and being unable, n,T their mutual enquiriea among each other, to intomi ihcmfelvcs w here he w as left, or by what accident de- tained, they, after a conli.lcrable delay, rcl'olvcd tog:: lino their boat.s anil to depart without hnn : but when the lall man was actually embarked, and thcboats were jull putting ort, they heard him calling to them totakt tum in, This place was liy this time (o thoroughl/ on lire, and the fmokc covered the beach fo ittcc- tually, that they could fear, el y difcern hiin, though they heard his voice, I iowcver, the Lieutcnan: intlantly ordered one of the lioats to his relict, who found him up to :hc chin in water, for he haJ wadcei as far as he durfl, being extremely frightened with the apprehentions of falling into the hands of an enemy, enraged, as thjy doubtlrfs were, at the pill.if;c and dellruetiuii of their town. On enquiring into the caufe of his ll.vying h-hind, it was found that he hit taken that morning too la-gc a dofe of brandy, whicli had thrown him intolo found a lleep, that he did not awake till the tire came near enough to fcoreh him. lie was Itrangely am;'ied, at firll opening his eyes, u lee the houles on a blaze on one tide, and ftveral Spaniards and Iiulians not far trotn him on thcothei. The greatnefn and luddennets of his fright indaiiti/ reduced him into 3 tlate of fobricty, and gave him fullicient [irefence o! mind to purti through the thicliell ol ihefmoke, as tlielikelicll means to cteapc the enemy; and, iTKiking the lieil of his way to the beach, h- ran as tar into the water as he durfl (for he could not fiMiii) before he ventured to look back. By the time oer people had helped their conriradc out of the water, and were making the beft of their way to the fquadroo, the llamcs had taken polfclfion of every part of tic town, and burnt To furioiilly, both by means of the combuftible> that had been dillributcd lor that purpofe, and by the llightncfs of the materials of which the hoafes werecompofed, and their aptitude to take fire, that it was fulliciently apparent no ellorts of the enemy (though they flocked down in great numbers) could polfiDly put a ftop to it, or prevent the entire dettrutlion of the place, and all the incr- chaadi/.c \ i^i t-.vil,t:4i;s.4., e.i.i.Vkuiu4l«»' ftt the town in Ml. Brett, the i'i«wll(.-c'Ldhi? r-h towards the ilicm on board, i the town, ob. tliey could not ■•>>■ l"nic toundj- a p.irty lit h„rfe, iring entcrpri?,!'. fting rc!i)lutio;i; 'pitiion of ihcr It, now we wer;: gcs cit' lituatio:), IS : but wc prc- thai all this was l; the pomp anJ ■. Hrcii had no aliout, than the cd to advance a VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 551 chandiii- contained therein. Mr. Brett had the curio- lity to delineate its appearance, together with that of the ihips in the harbour. Ouriletachmcnthavingnowfafclyjoincdthcfquadron, the Commodore preparcil to lc:\ve the place the Tarnc evening. At feven, Cape Blanco, in latitude 4 dri;. -S nil" S. and lon" Mi. Walters 1 the lirnur having alFerted, that the Commodore diil not interfere in the didribution ; the lattc^. chat it was by liis prudent management, that -a jealoufy, winch had anfen between thofe wiv> were the real captors and thoie who remained on i >ard the lliip, was accom- modated. Mr. Walters' account will fet this matter in a true light ; " ,\nd now, lays lie, (while the lliips lav-to, in hopes of joining the Cilouce(ler) a jealoufy, «hiJi iiad taken its rife at I'ayta, between iliol'e who had been commanded on Ihorc ioi the attack, and thofe who had contniucd on board, ijrcw to fucli a height, that the Commodore, being made acquainted with it, thought it neceliary to interpolc his authoritv to I'p- pofc It. The ground of thu aniniofity was the [ilunder gotten at Payta, which thofe w o had acted on fliore had appropriated to thcmfelves, confidering it a^ a reward for the rifques they had run, and the relbliition they had (hewn in that (ervicc. But thofe who had reniamtd on board looked on this as a very partial .ind unjull procedure, urging, that, had it been lefttotheii choice, they Ihould have preferred the acting on Ihore to the continuing on hoard; that their duty while their com- rades were on iliore was extremely tatiginng. lor, be- lides the lalwurof the day, they were conllanti) under arms all night, to fccure the prifoners, w hofe numbers exceeded their own, and of whom it was then neccf- fary to be extremely watchful, to prevent any attempts they might have formed in that critical coiijuiUtiirc : that, ufKjn the whole, it could r.ot bcilcnicd, but that the prcfence of a fulhcitnt fjrce on board wa,'? as iie- celFary to the fuccels of the enterprize, as the aclion of the others on Ihore; and, therefore, thofe who had continued on Iward maintained, that they could not be dcprivcil of their Ihare of the plunder without m.inilelt injutiicc. Thcfe were the contells amongll our men, which were carried on with great heat on both fides ; aiivl, though the plunder in queltion was a vcrv ttiHc 111 coniparilon of the trcafure taken in the place (111 wliich there was no doubt but thoic on board had an cijual right), yet as the obllinacy ot the failors is no: always regulated by the impcntance of the matter in liifpiite, the Commodore thought it nccefl'ary to put a (top to this fetment betimes. Accordingly, the morning alter our leaving Payta, he orvlercd all hands upon the i|uartcr-dcck, where addrclling himlelf to thofe who had been detached on Ihore, he c(>mniended their behavioui, .\ih\ thanked thein tor their lerviccs >'a that occalloii; Dut then, rcprclenting to tliem the rv t- lons urged In thofe who had contiiuud on board, lor an equal dutnbution ol the plunder, ht told ihctn, that he thought thele rcafons very con, luliic, and that the expectations of their comrades were juilly founded; and therefore, he inliiled, that, not only the men, but all the olliceri likcwile who had been cnnjloyed in taking the pUcc, Ihould produce the whole of their |)liii!ier immediately upon the quarter-deck, and that It Ihould be impartially divided among'.l the whole crew, m proportion to each man's rank and coinmif- (ion; and, 10 prevent thoi'- who had been .n ["juHellion of the ( .ider from muiiniring at tliis diminution of their thai ;, the Cominodui ■ adiled, that, as an en- couragement toothers whom if, 'it be hcre.ifter emplo\ed on like fcrvices, he would gi\ his entiie (hare to be didribii'cd ariiongd thofe who had been derachcvl (or tile attack ■>( tlv place. Thus, this troublefoine aifair, which, if p'.'rnuiied to have gone on, might, perhaps, have been attended wirh mifchicvoiis contcquenccs, was, by the L'ommodori prudence, foon appeafed, to the general liitisfaction ot he Ihip's company: not but thcte *»cre foine few whole (elfith ditpolitions were un- intluen< :i* ■»■ "'ri ! q;,i!|l > ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A 1.0 I.I 128 150 1^ u, 1^ 12.2 I; ^ li£ 12.0 II IL25 nil 1.4 1.6 A" o Photographic Sciences Corporation 3? WIST ^lAIN STMIIT VillSTIII.N.Y. HiitO (716) ira-^^oa 37 V o ^. '^"°^\ ^ ^.V^ ;\ '^ 3Sa Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSO N's fi !:5; might be then garrifoned by Britifh troops, he hoped that, 6n his arrival at the irthinus, he fhould eafily pro- cure an intercourfc with our countrymen on the other fide, either by the Indians, who were greatly difpofed in our favour, or even by the Spaniards themfelves, fome of whom for proper rewards might be induced to carry on this intelligence; which, after it was once begun, might be continued with very little difficulty ; fo that Mr. Anfon flattered himfelf, that he might by this means have received a reinforcement of men from the other fide, and that, by fettling a prudent plan of opera- tions with our Commanders in the Weft Indies, he might have taken even Panama itfelf, which would have given to the Britifli nation the poireflion of that iflhmus, whereby we fhmild have been in cffcd mailers of all tile treafures of Peru. Such were the projects which the Commodore re- volved in his thoughts, at the ifland of Juan Fernandez, notwithftanding the feeble condition to which he was then reduced; but in examining the papers which were found on board the Carmelo, the hrfV prize we took, wc learned, that our attempts againft Carthagena had failed, and that there was no probability that our fleet in that part of the world would engage in any new enterprize that would at all facilitate this plan. Mr. Anfon therefore gave over all hopes of being reinforced acrofs the ifthmus, and confcquently had no induce- ment at prefent to proceed to Panama, as he was in- capable of attacking the place, and there was great rcafon to believe that, by this timo, there was a general embargo on all the coaft. The only feafibic meaftire, then, which was left us, was to ftccr as foon as poffible to the fouthern parts of California, or to the adjacent coaft of Mexico, there to cruifc for the Manilla galleon, which we knew was now at fca, bound to the port of Acapuico; and wc doubted not but to get on that flation time enough to intercept her: but there was a bufincfs which wc forefaw would occalion fome delay, and that was the recruiting our water, it being impoflibic to think of venturing upon this paiTage to the coaft of Mexico till wc had procured a frefti lupply. It was for fome tinne a matter of delibt; tion, where we fhould take in this neceflary article; but, by confulting the accounts of former navigators, and examining our prifoners, we at lift rcfolvcd for the illand of ci^ibo, lituated at the mouth of the bay ol Panama. Nor was it but on good grounds that the Commodore conceived this to be the propcrcll place for watering the fquadron. Indeed, there was a (mall ifland called Cocos, which was lefs out of our way than(4i,'ibo, where fome of the buccaniers had pictcmicd to (ind water; but none of our prifoners knew any thing of it, and it was thought too danger- ous to riique the fafety of the fquadron, by cxpoling ourfclve* to the hazard of not meeting with water when wc came there, on the mere ituthority of thofc legendary writers, of whofe mifreprefentations and fallities we had almoll daily experience. Determined, thcrcfoic, to take in water at Q^iibo, wc directed our couifc northward, being eight tail in company, and • onfequently having the appearance of a very formi- dable Hcet; and on the 19th, at day-break, we dif- covcred Cape Blanco, bearing S. S. E. half I'., fcvcn miles diftant. By this time wc found that our laft prize, the Solidad, was far from anfwer'ng the characfcr given of her as a good fniler; and flie and the Santa 'I crcfa delaying usconlidcrably, the Cx)inmodore com- manded them to be cleared of every thing that might prove ufeliil to the reft of the fliips, and then to be burnt. And having given proper inflrutfiions, and ap- pointed a rendezvous to the Gloiicellcr, and to the pri/cs, in cafe uf feparation, wc proceeded in our courfe lor <.iiiibo. .( )n the 25th, Point Manta bore S. F. by E. at fcvcn miles ilillance, and there being a town of the fam ■ name in the rK-ighlvturhood, Captain Mitchell in the (ilouicller took the opportunity of fetiing on (hore fcveral of his prifoneri. The boats were now daily nnpluycd in dillributing provilions on board the prizes, to compltat their (lock for fix months ; and that the tx'nturion itiight be the better prepared to give the Manilla (hip a warm reception, ii happily (he fliould fall in our way, the carpenters were ordered to fix eight (locks on the main and fore tops, which were properly littcd for the muuiuing of f.vivti guns. On the 2i;th, we had fight of the. iHand of Gailo- and Irom hence we crolFcd the bay of Panama, Ihapinir our courfe in a direft line for Quibo. Here wc foumj in a few days, a very conlidcrable alteration in the clitnate ; for, inflcad of that uniform temperature where neither the excels of heat or cold was prevalent we had now clofe and I'ultry weather, like that we met with on the coall of Brazil. We had, bcfijcs, frequent calms and heavy rains, which we at fir(l aCcrilxid to the neighbourhood of the line, where this kind of weather is oblirrvcd to obtain at all feafons of the year • but, finding that it attended us for more than feveii degrees of north latitude, we began tafufpccl that the flormy feaforr, ati as the Spaniards call it, the Vande- wals, was not yet paft ; though many writers, particu. larly tiaptatn Shelvock, a(rert, that this fcalun begins in June, and ends in November : but, perhaps, its end may not be always r^ular; On the a7th, Captain Mitchell having cleared his largetl priw, (hr was likewifc feton fire ; and nuw our fleet Lonliftcti only of live Ihip'', and we were fi)rtiinatc enough to find them all good failers. On tiic ird of December wc had a view of th<' ifiand of Ouibo, the ea(l end of which bore from us N. N. W. four Icaguej didant, and the ifland of Quicara W. N. W. at about the fame didance. When we had thus got light of land, we fotind the wind to hang wellcrly ; and there- fore, night coming on, wetlwught it advifable to llanj otV till morning, as there arc (aid to be fome (hoals at the emrance of the channel. At fix the next mornim'. Point Marrato bore N. f*,. half N. three or four Icaguei didant. In weathering this po'nt, ail the fquailron, except the Centurion, were very near it; and the Glouceder, being the lccward-mo(l (hi|), was forced to tack and (lami to the (buthward ; fo that wc lolt light of her; and, the wind proving unfavourable, \>c law her no more till wc quitted the illand. At fcvcn in the evening we anchored in the Canal Bueno, or Good Channel, which is at lead (ix miles in breadth, muddy ground. Next morning an oflicer was difpatrhcdon (bore to dilcover the watering-place, who, hav njr Inund it, returned before noon; and then we lent our ionj!;. boat for a load of water, and at the fame time weighed and dood (urther in with ourfltips, for the convenience of being fooner fupplied ; fo that we were little more than two days in laying in all the wood and water we wanted. Whild the (hip continued here at anchor, the Commodore, attended by fome of his odicers, went in a boat tocxaminca bay which lay to the northward, and they afterwa.ds ranged all along the callcrn fuic of the idand. In the places where th'y put on (liore, in the courfe of this ex()cdition, they generally found the foil to be rich, and met with great plenty of ex- ccllent water. In particular, near the north-cull point of the ifland, they difcovered a natural cafcade, which fiirjwired, as they conceived, every thing of this kind which human art had ever yet produced. It was a river of tran(parent water, about 40 yards wide, which rolled down a decli'ity of near isO feet in length, The channel itfelf was very irregular, cntiicty com- pnfed of rocks, iKith its (ides and bottom being made up of large detached blocks.and by thcfethecourlcof the water was frequently interrupted; for in fome parts it ran floping with arapid but unilbrm motion, whilfl in others it tumbled over ledges of rocks with a perpen- dicular dcf( ent. On the ncighlwurhood of this llreani was a fine wood; and even the huge inalfcs ol rock which over-hung the water, and which by their viriow projcd^Hons formed the inequali'.es of the channel, were covered with lofty fored tret '. Whilft the Com- modore, with thofc who accompanied him, were at- tentifcly vicwiiiij this place, and were remarking the jffcrcnt blcndings of the w wood, tiicre came in fight, a animate the profpedl, a prod 1 vhich, hovering over this fpoi piaving on the wing above It, Ucarancc. by the glittering ticoatcd plumage; fo that fonr refrain from a kind of tranfpc beauties which occurred in th In three days wc complea place, and were impatient to rive linit enough on the coal' thti-allcon; but the wind, b. a ni;ht; and the next day, offing, whdc we were hoveri tingTighi of the Glouccder, a fmall fail to the nortnward chacc, and commj; up with 1 to be a bark from Panama, laden with oakum, rock fait monrvtopurchafe a cargo t an inconfidcrablc village or however, h s a good market, ajrers, in caP- of neccllity, m, On the i2ih of September who infnrnicd us, that, in t on her fi H approach toward; herforc-topniall, which hai injT to windward, and prcvci fboner. We now fcuttlcd a tcno, and, on the 12th of Dec ward, having privioullydcli thccondudiif the fleet. W arriving foon enough upon o (xptvtcd, upon the incrcatin to fall in with the regular tra trcmc vexation, wc wore bat ihjt it waithe 25th ot Dei ifiind of Cores, which, ate ujsonly 100 leagues from th «c had the nmrtilication to 1 liui not lolc light of that i This ifland we found to be niin. N. We had flattered oiiifclv wciiern nalcs wc met with hnurhood of the continent, f diiiant, we hoped to be relii cilkrn trade-wind; but in t MC began at length to diipair in view. This produced a get uchad at full cdnlidcitdthe nnd had indulged ouifelvet 1 ot'the advan:.it:cs we llioiild cur defpoiuk'ncy was, in Con lavourablc change of the w vanced a-|);\ce towards our f pain to revive. On the 171 vanced to the latitude of li the sfnh of January, finding of .Uapulv-o, we tacked and a view of making the land icckonings, to have fallen i though the weather was per of it at (un-fct; about ten at on the larboard Ixiw, bearing utter, the Trial's prize mad A« we had none of us any d was a (hip's ligbc, we were » a firm perfualion that it wa had been fo long the object diatcly call ofl' the Carmelc all our canvas, making a li^ the fame. 'ITuu wc chalc hands at their refpedlivc qu of engaging within halt 1 conceived the chace to and at otiicr times to be w this cundaiu and eager attci VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 353 .V for fix monihs; and that better prepared to <,[„,. re:q;iu)n, ,| happily fl,e carpenters were ordered i;im and fore tops, which the niuuiuing of t^u^d >t of the iHand of Gallo- le hay of Panama, (hjpini; yuibo. Here wc found Inferable alteration in the -hat uniform temperature leai or cold was prevalent weather, like that we met We had, befidcs, frequent ich we at firll afcriljcd to inc, where this kind of 1 at all ftalons of the year- d 119 for more than fevcii e began tafufpcd that the aiiiards caH it, the Vandc- >gh many writers, particu. rt, that this fcalon begins bcr : but, perhaps, its end itrhcll having cleared hi-, fe feton fire j and now our ip'!, and we were fortunate nd failers. On tlw |rd of r the illand of CUiiho, the us N. N. W. (our leagues i;cara W. N. W. at about we had thus got light of hanK wellerly j and there- ou^jht it advifable to Hand r laid to he fome Ihoals at At fix the next morning. If N. three or four Icigues 9 point, all the fquadroi), e very near it ; and the d-moll lliip, was forced to ard ; fo that we loft light r unfavotirable, wc law her illand. At feven in the : Canal Dueno, or (iood c miles in breadth, muddy cfltcer was difpatrhedon [•place, who, havng found id then wc lent our long. at the fame time weighed fliips, for the convenience > that we were little more ill the wood and water wc rontinucd here at anchor, fome of his officers, went tiich lay to the northward, all alone the callern fulc where th'y put on (liorc, tion, they generally found with great plenty of ex- near the north-call point i a natural cafcade, which , every thing of this kind yet produced. It was a out 40 yards wide, which near isO feet in length. irregular, cntiiely cum- s and bottom being made \d by thcfcthecourleof the Med ; for in fome parts it uniform motion, whilH in of rocks with a perpcn- ;hbourhoi)d of this lUeani the huge inalfis of rock nd which by their various |uiili'xi of the channel, tree '. VVhilft the Com- Jinpanied him, were at- and were remarking the different different bicndings of the water, the rocks, and the nood, there came in fight, as it were to heighten and animate the profpeA, a prodigious flight of mackaws, \ihich, hovering over this fpot, and often wheeling and nlaving on the wing above it, aflbrded a mofl brilliant appearance, by the glittering of the fun, and their va- riceated plumage; fo that fome of the fpeftators cannot refrain from a kind of tranfport when they recount the beauties which occurred in this extraordinary waterfal. In three days wc complcatcd our bulinefs in this place, and were impatient to depart, that wc might ar- rive t'inifc enough on the coall of Mexico, to intercept theiralleon; but the wind, being contrary, detained us i ni^ht; and the next day, when wc had gained an offingi while we were hovering about in hopes of gct- (jnjj fight of the Glouceffcr, wc on the 20th oilccrned afinall fail to the nortnward of us, to which wc gave chace, and comuii^ up with her took her. She proved to be a bark from Panama, called the Jcfu Nazareno, laden with oakum, rock fait, and a .''lall quantity of rionev topurchafe a cargo of provilions at Chcripc, an inconfiderablc village on the continent, which, however, h s a jjoud market, from whence future voy- airers, incaP-ol nccclllty, maybe plentifully I'upplieJ. On the iBth of September wc joined the Glouceltcr, who informed us, that, in tackinp to the fouthward, on her fi It approach towards the illand, llic had fprung her fore-top niaft, which had difabkd her from work- ing to windward, and prevented her from jo ning us (boner. We now fcutfled and funk the Jcfu N.i/.a- fcno, and, on the i 2th of December, flood to the well- ward, having previoully delivered iVelli mllrurtions for the coiidui:l of the fleet. Wc had now little doubt ol arriving foon enough upon our intended (fation, as wc cxp'fed, iip"n the increatini; our ofling from ()uibi>, to lall in wi;h the regular trade-w ind ; but, to our ex- treme vexation, wc were baffled lor near a month, fo that it was the 25th o( December belore wc (aw the illand of Coros, which, ai cording to our reckon, n^, «,is only 100 Iea>;ucs from the continent, and even then «chad the mortilication to make lb little way, that v*e dill not lolc light of that illand aj^ain in live days. This ifiand we found to be in the lat. of 5 deg. 20 min. N. Wc had flattered ourfelves, that the uncertain and wcilern gales wc met with were owing to the neigh- hnurhiiod of the continent, fiom which as wc got more diil.mt, wc hoped to be relieved by falling mi with the laltern trade-wind ; but in this too being difappointed, \ic began at length to ddpairof the preat purpole wc had in view. This produced a general dcjtCtion amon^ us, as uehad at full conlideiedthe prt)je(!t as almoll inlalliblc, and had indulgul ouifelves in the moll boundUfs hopes of the advan;.ij:es we lliould i hence receive. 1 luwcvcr, oiirdelpoiulency was, in fome mealure, alleviaicd by a lavourablc change of the wind; and, as we now ad- vanced a-pace towards our flation, our hopes began a- pin to revive. On the 17th of January, we were ad- vanced to the latitude of li ilej;. 50 min. N. and. on the s6ili of January, finding nurlclves to the northward of.VeapuLo, we tacked and flood to ibccallward, with a view of making the land; and wc cxpeCleil by our ii'ckonings, to have fallen in with it on the 28tb, yet, though the weather was [itrleClly clear, we h,id no fign of it at lun-feti about ten at night wedilcovercd a light on the larbo.ird lx)w, bearing from us N. N. IL and, foon after, the Trial's prize made the fignal lor liemj; a lad. A« wc had none of us any doubt but that what w c faw was a iliip's light, we were all extremely animated with a firm perfiialion that it was the Manilla galleon, that had been fo long the object of our willies. We imme- diately call ofl' the Carmclo, and prclfed forward with all our canvas, making a fignal for the Glouceller to do the fame. Thus wc chafed the light, keeping all our h.mds at their refpcdivc (.|uancr8, under an expectation of engaging within hall an hour, as wc fometimes conceived the chace to be about a mile ilillant, and at other times to be within reach of our guns. In this conflant and eager attention we continued all night, N0.4J. always prefuming that another quarter of an hour would bring us up to this Manilla fliip, wliofe wealth we now cftimated at round millions: but, when day- light came, wcwcrcmoft vexatioufly difappointed, by finding that the light which kid occafioneu all this ex- pectancy, was only a fire on the fliorc. At fun-rifing, after this mortifying delufion, wc found ourfelves about nine leagues off land, extending from the N. W. to E. half N. On ibis land we obicrvcd two remarkable hammocks, which bore N. from us, and which a Spa- nifli pilot and two Indians afiirmed to be over the har- bour of Acapulco; but wc found them cgrcgioufly mif- taken, thel'e beinj^ in 1 7 deg. 56 min. whereas Acapulco lies in 17 deg. only. Being now in the track of the Manilla [rallcon, it was a doubt with us, as it was near the end of January, whether ihe was or was not arrived: but, examining our prilbners about it, they allured us, llic was fome- times known to come in after the middle of I'ebruary; and they endeavoured to perfuadc us, that the fire we had fecn on fhorc was a proof that flic was yet at foa, it bcin^ ciiflomary, as they laid, to make ufc of thefc fires as li^nals lor her direction when flic continued nut lon- ger than ordinary. On this reafoning of our [-.rilbncrs, we rclolved to cruife for her foiiic days, anil we accord- iiif^ly fpiead our (hips at the dilfancc of i : leagues from the coafl, in I'uch a maimer that it was impolfiblc llic lliould pafs us unobferved; however, not feeing her loon, we were very (blicitous to gain fume pofitivc in- telligence. With this view the Commodore rcfolvcd 10 lend a boat under cover of the iii^lit into the bar- hour of Acapulco, to fee if the Manilla Ihip was there Or not. To execute this enterprizc, the bailee was dif- patchcd the 6th o! lebruary, carrying a fulliiient crew and two oflicers, as alio a Spanifli pilot and an Indian. Our barge did not return till the i iih, when the ofli- cers aci]uam;ed Mi. Anion, that tli^y had millakcn the harbour, uiid that Acapulco lay a conrkleralile dif- tancc more to the ealUvard, and that, not hiviiijT a llillicient quantity of provilions for their pall'i^^e thither, they were obliged to return to make known their dif- appointment. (Jn this iiuelligencc wc made fail to the calhvard, and the next day we difpatched the barge, with particular inllruc^ions to keep at a fiillicient dif- tancc not to be feen from the (bore. We watched fix days without receiving any intelligence, fo that we bc- ii^dn to be unealy for her falety ; but on the 7tb day flic returned with advice, that, being at the very place they fought for, though they were then ig- norant of their lituation, they furpri/.ed a lilliing ca- noe with three negroes, who told us that the Manilla galleon arrived at Acapulco on the <)th of January, but that, having delivered her cargo, llic was taking in water and provilions in order to return; and that the Viceroy ol Mexico had by proclamation fixed her de- parture from Acapulco to the 14th of March. Thi* iaft news was molt joyfully received by us, lince wc had no doubt but Ihe mull fall into our hands; and it was much more eligible to fei/e her on her return, than it wouKl have been to have taken her betorc herarriv.il, as the money lor which flic had fold her cargo, and which fhe would now have on board, would be iinich more cllcemcd by ut than the carj^) itfelt. Thus we were a fcconii time engaged in an eager expce'fation of meeting with this Manilla fliip, which, by the fame of its wealth, we had been taught to confideras the moll de- lireable capture that was to be made on any part of the ocean. As it was the 19th of February when the barge returned, and brought us our intelligence, and the gal- leon was not to fail till the ;{d of March, the Commodore refolvcd to continue the gicatell part of the intermediate time in his prcfent flation to the wcrtward of Acapulco, in order to avoid a difcovery from the fliorc. During this interval wc were employed in getting all things in rcadincfs to engage; aiiti, when the long-willud-lor ;^d of March came, we were all lb llrongly iiicpofllU'eJ with the certainty of our intelligence, and with an al- furancc of her coming out of port, that lumc or other 4 U of if ii ' 1 V % 1^ M'. ! ./I l^'lt l« O.^)^ Commodore (aftcrwarils Lokd) ANSON 's ■dl: '« of US were conlbntly imagining that they liifcovcrcd one of our cutters returning with a fignal ; but, to our extreme vexation, boili this day and the fuccceding night pafTcd away without any news of her approach. However, we did not yet defpai;, nor did we abate of our vigilance: but, after remaining till the 25th of M.irch, we at length condudal, and we afterwards found it to be true, that we had bcerj difcovcrc.i, and that in confequencc art embargo had been laid upon the galleon, and her departure poifjwned til! the next year. The cutters, having on that day tinillrcd their cruifc before the harbour, returned to the fquadron, and the fignal being given for the Heet to join, it was dete r- n'lincd to retire to Chequctan, to take in a frcfll fupply of watir, v\hi^b was then nearly exhaufted. In the mean time a cutter, commanded by Mr. Hughes, Lieutenant of the Trial's prize, was ordered to continue off the harbour of Acaiiuico for 24 days, in order that, if the galleon fliould fet fail in that time, we mi^jht be fpecdily informed of it. On the 5th of April we entered the harbour of Che- quctan, in latitude 1 7 dog. ;?6 min. N. about 30 leagues to the welhvard of AcapuUo. The w.uering-plare his rhc appearance of a large (landing lake, without any viliblc outlet into the fca, from which it is fipa- rated by a part of the firand. The origin of iliis like is a fpring that bubbles out of the ground, near hdf a mile within the country. \Ve (ouiui its water a little brackifli, but more conlidciably fo towards the Ica- }~\dc, for the nearer «c advanced towards the (priiig- hcad, the foftcr ami frelber it proved. This laid us under a necelilty oiii'ling all our calks from the f.ir- thcll part of the lake, which was facilitated by mcaii^ 0/ canoes winch traverfed the lake, and brought a nun.ber of fmall callus to the fulc next the beach ; thence the water was ftartcd into larger veni-ls in the boats, and by that eomrivancc broujjht on board with wery l:ttle trouble. As the country hereabouts, particularly the tti£k of cntll contiguous to Acapulco, appeared to be well |)eo- plcd and cultivated, we hoped to have cafily procured from thence fome fiefli piovilions, and other rrlielli- incnts, which we iKiw Hood much in need of. To fa- cilitate thefe \icws, the Clommodo-e, the morning after we came to an anchor, ordered a party of ^0 men well armed to marciiinto the country, and to end', vour to difcover fome town where they were to attempt to fi t on ro,)t a corrdiiondciue with the inhabitants; for, when we hid once begun this intercourfe, we doubted not but by projjcr prcfcnts we Ihouhl allure them to bring down to us whatever fruits or fredi provilions verc :n iheir power. As our prizes abounded with va- rious forts of coarfe merchandize, which were of litsle confcq'icnfe to us, though to them they would be ex- tremciy valaahlc, our people weredirected on thisoc- talion to pro. ee.l with the grcatefl circumfpcCMon, and to nuke as little ollentation of hollility as poflible; lor wl- wcr-- fcnlible we could find no wealth inthofe parts worth our notice-, and what necellaricj we really V anted, we cxtKfl.d would be better, and morcabuii- danily fujiplied, by an open amicable traflic, than by violence and loicc of arms. Hut this endeavour of opening a commerce with the inhabitants proved in- flfe lutl, and iheretorewe delilled from any more at- tempts of the fame nature, contenting ourfelves with what we coulil procure lor ourlVlvcs in the neighbour- hood of the port where we hy. \\'e caught lilh in abun- ilanii-; among the rell cavallies, bream, mullets, fonis, fiddli-lifh, and loblUis ; and we here, and in no other pljcc, met vMth that txtraoidinary iilli called the tor- pedo, which is in lliape very much refembling the fid- ille-li'h, and is only diltinguilhcd from it in ap|>earancc by a blown circular fpot of about the bignels of a trowii piece, near the center of its back. '1 his (ill) is, indeetl, of a mofl (ingular nature, benumbing who- ever touches it all over his body, but more particuUriy that limb which napjieni to come in immediate contact with it. The fame elled, too, will be in fome degree provlu(;cd by touching the Pilh with any thing held in the hand; and it has lately been difcovcrcd that' be communicated like the cleftiical (hock 10 ' circle, by means of a certain apparatus much fimple than that which is ufcd in cxpenmcnt- in tricity. * The animals which wc met with on fiiore were c guanoes, with which the country abounds, and are by fome reckoned delicious liwd. '\\q r bealh of pfey, except we (liouli; eftccin that anic ous creature the alligator as fuch, fevcral of wKk people difcovercd, but none of thein very Lutc IS, however, certain, that the; e were great nun^n tygers in the woods, though none of them liann to make their appearance while wc remained upoi coalh P.iriots and phcafants were found in plenty by no means proper for food, being dry and taft though they were often killed and eaten, beini-by thought preleraiile to lalt provifiont. The papah, lime, and a little four plumb, we, the fruits the woods furnifhcd, and of thefe there but a fcanty portion ; nor was there any other ufefu gctaMc, except brook-lime, which, being elleemc antifi orbutic, was frequently eaten, though, fron bittcrnrls it was exceedingly unpalatable. While we lay at Cliequctan, it was rofolvcd maruie d liberarion, to dellroy all our prizes a- whole number of men on board our fquadron 'did amuunt to the lo-niilemcjit of a fourth-rate m,ia war. It was therefore judged mofl prudent to (a to the Ihijis, and fo divide the men between the C tuMon and (lloiiccflcr, now preparing tn fct fail China. Bcfides the neceflary repairs for a vovaj'( fuch leiig'ii, the removal of their llores and can into the men-of war took itp fo much time, tliat 11 the end of .\pril before we were in a condition to Ic the place. It fliould have been remarked, that, fiom thij I bour of Chequetan we difcovcred bur one path\ through the woodsinto the country; and as this much beaten, we were from that circuniOance t vinrcd, that it was not unfrequented by the narr As it pallid by the fprinc^-head, and was the only a luie by which the .Spaniards could approaeh to f prize us, wc at fome diflance beyond the fpring-hi felled fevcral large trees, and laid them one ujion ai thcr acrofs the path, and at this barricadoe wc c( ffantlv kept a guard. We, belides, ordered our tr ciiiplovcti in watering, to have their arms always rcadinefi. in cafe of an alaim, and to march inllantiv this \m4\. And, though our principal intention her was to prevent our being dif^urbcd by the cnem horfe, yet if aiifwered another purpofe, which was, hinder our people from draggling lingly into the co'i try, where wc had reafon to believe they would be fi prized by the Spaniards, who would doubtlcfj be v( folicitous to pick up fome of them, in hopes of gcttii intelligence of our future dcfigns. To avoid this i convenicm e, the nrideft orders were given to thccc finds, to let no jK-rfon whatever pals beyond thupol but, notwithflanding this precaution, we mifTed Lewis I.cgere, who was the Commodore's C(X)k. i he was a Frenchman and a Roman Catholic, it was liirt imagined that he had dcfertcd with a view of b traymgall that he knew to the enemy; though this a pcarcd. hy the event, to l>e an ill-grounded lurniifc; I It was afterwards known, that he had been taken I dime Indians, who carried him prifoner to Acapulc from whence he was tranfported to Mexico, aiidthnu to Vera Cruz, where he was (liipped on hoard a veil bound to OIti Spain. Hut, the vcflel Ijcuij? oblige by fome accident, to put into l.ilbon, l^gercrlapi on fliorc, and was by the Hritifli Confiil fcnt from ihcm to I'.ngland ; where he gave the firit authentic acciiui of the (alcty of the CommtKlore, and of his princip tran'ae'tionn in the South Seas. The relation he gave of his own feizurc wai, that 1 rambled into the woods, at fome difUnccfroni thcba ricadoe where he had firll attempted to pals, but ha been (lo{H and threatened to be puni(hcJ ; that h princip \.k s ' i-** N S O N 's has lately been clifcovcrcd^JhlTir of a certam apparatus much Z *h.ch.sufcd.ncxpenmcnuin!;;";^ lichux met with on fiiore were chicfl uch the country abotmds. and S koned ticlicious (ood. Wj f, ccpt wc Ihoulc: edccin that anmhlh'* lliKHtorasfuch. feveral of ulS > . but none of them vcrtX^""^ .m. that thc:c were great nun^lWrs ds. though none of thc-m happen, icnrnnee while we remained u^'n'hc ,dphcan,ntsweretcundinplc!m, ,er(ortood. beniKdryandtaftlcf- ofrenk.ilcdandcacen.bcingbyfon:; -■tolult provifiont. ^ '^ ""^ lie, and a little four plumb, were a" IsfumXhed andnf{herethere«er; m: nor was there any other ulefulv o<.k.l.me which. beingclU'cmcda; frequently eaten, though, from I tcccdmglyunjMlaiablc. u Chcquetan. it was r.folved, after '"• t» ^'•"royall our prizes, as tl men on boaril our Cquadron did n('- nplemrm of a fourth-rate man-o'' fore ludged moll prudent to fct C a diviile the men between the Cen •fter, nmv preparing t.. fct fail h; he neccn.ry repairs for a vovajrc ol rmoval ot their Itores and cargoes irtook i.'pio much tune, tTiatit«3 :forc we were iii a condition to leave )cen remarked, that, fiom this h.r- 1 we difcovered bur one pathwi' iinto the country; and as ihiswaj were from that circuniOance con. 3 not unfrequented by the narivc<* fprin^j-hcad, and was the only ,ivc^ Spaniards could appro.ah to fur ic dilbncc beyond the fpring-hcad tree?, and laid them one ujwn ano- h, ami at this barricadoc we con- 1. We, l)c(idcs, ordered our men ring, to have their arms always in an alarm, and to march inrtamlyto lOugh our principal intention herein r being difturbcd by the cnemv'j ed another purpofe, which was, lo rem draggling lingly into the coun- realon to believe they would be fur- ards, who would doubtlcfs be very I fomc of them, in hope* ol getting; future dcfigns. To avoid this in- \(\cn orders were given to thcccn. on whatever pals beyond thiipoll; ig this precaution, wc milRd one was the Commodore's cook. As 1 and a Roman Catholic, it want he had defcrtfd with a view of be- KW to the enemy; though this ap- , to be an ill-grounded lurniifci I r nown, that he had been taken (ly •arricd him prifoner to Acapuico, tranlporteil to Mexico, andthrnce c he was Ihipped on Iward a vcllcl I. Bur, the vcflH being ohiined, 1) put into l.ilbon, Ix-gcre e lapcil the Uritifli Confiil fent from ihcncc he gave the (irIJ authentic account CommtHlore, and of his principal !)uth Seas. ivc of his own feizure wai, that he >ds. at fomc dilfanccfroiii the bar- li hrll attempted to pals, but had •iccncd to be punilhcdi that his principiil VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 355 nrincipal view was to gather a quantity of limes for his maftei's (lores; and that in this occupation he was fur- orizetl unawares by four Indians, who rtript him naked, and carried him in that condition to Acapuico, ex- noftd to the fcorching heat of the fun, which at that time of the year flione with its grciicll violence ; that afterwards, at Mexico, his treatment was fullicieiuly fcvcrci fi' that the whole courfe of his captivity was a continued inftance of the hatred which the Spaniards bear to all thole who ende.ivour to diflurb them in the ncacwbU' pofTcfTion of the coalls of the South Seas. Inked, Legcrc's fortune was, upon the whole, extremely fin"ul:ir ; as, after the hazirds he hud run in the Com- mtrtorc's fquidron, and the feveritics he had fulf'cred in his I('"!h coiiliiiemcnt among the enemy, a more (a- I jjfaflcr attended him on his return lo England ; for though, when he arrived in London, lomc of Mr. .\n- fon's friends intererted thcmfelves in relieving him from the poverty to which his captivity had reduced him yet he did not long enjoy the bcnclit of their hii- maniiy. '"'"'"c he was killed in an iiiligmlicant n^ht- brawl, the caufe of which could fear, ely ever be dif- covered. When we were neccfTitated to proceed to Chcquetan to recruit our water, the Comnviiiore conlidcitd that our arrival in that harbour would foon be known at Acapuico ; and therefore he hoped, that on the intil- |ii;ence of our being employed in that port, the galleon mi^ht put to fca. efpccially as Cheqiiet.in is lo very remote from the courfe generally lU-cred by the ^,il- leons: he therefore ordered the cutter, as has alie.uly been noticed, to cruife 24 days ofl' the port of Aca- puico, and her commander was ducLtid, on perceiving ihcallcon under fail, to make the bell of his way to the Commodore at Chequet.in. ,As the Centurion wis certainly a much better f.iiU r th;m the gal'con, ,\tr. Anion, in this cafe, rcfolved to have got to fca as foon aspolliWe, and to have purfued the galleon acrofs the Pacific Ocean; however, the Viceroy of Mexico ruined this projcd, by detaining the gilkon in port all the vear. Towards the latter end of April, all things being in readmefs for failing, the Centurion and (iloucc iter weighed anchor ; and, after having gained an oiling, the pnzfs were fet on fire, and a canoe fixed to a gi.ip- pleinthe middle of the harbour, with a bottle in it, well corked, inclofing a letter to .Mr. I lughcs, directing him to go back immediately to his former llation be- fore Acapuico, where he would find Mr. Anion, who refolvcd to cniife for him m thai llation lome days. Indeed, it was no fmall mnrtifuation to us. now we were at fea, and the ftormy fcalon approaching, that uc were detained by the abfence ot the cutter, and under anccclliiy of Ihndmg towards Acapuico in feaich of her. As the time of her crui/.e had been expired near > fortnight, we fufoec^ed that (he had been difcovered from the Ihorc, and that the Governor of Acapuico had thereupon lent out a force to fci7.c her; which, as llic catncd but fix hands, was no very dillicult cntcr(in/.c. »Howevcr. this being only conjecture, the I'.diiiiiiodore, as foon as he was got dear of the harbour of Chcquetan, Hood along the coall to the ealhvard in Icarch of her ; and, to prevent her from paffing by us in the dark, we brought-to every night, and carried lights which the cutter could not but perceive. By the 2nd of May wc were advanced within three leagues of Acapuico ; and having hen nothing of our boat, wr gave her over for loll ; which, bclules the companionate concern for our Ihipinates, and for what it was apprehended they might have fullered, w.is in ilfelf a misfortune, w hich in our prclVnt (carcity of hands we were greatly interelled in ; lince the crew of the cutter were the flower of our people, purpofe- ly picked out for this fervice, as known to be, every one of them, of tried and approved refolution, and as (kilful feamen as ever trod a deck. However, as it was the general belief among us that they were taken and carried into .\capulco, the (Commodore's prudence fuggelicJ a project which wc hoped would recover them. This was founded on our having many Spanifli and Indian prifonerson board, fome of them of quality, The Commodore, therefore, wrote a letter to the Go- vernor of Acapuico, telling him, that he would relcafc them all, provided the Governor returned the cutter's crew. This letter was difpatrhed by a Spanifli olFicer, ofwhofc honour we had a high opinion, and who was lurnifhed with a launch lielonging to one of our prizes and a crew of Spaniards, who gave their parole for the:r return. The Spanifli olTiccr, too, belldes the Com- modore's letter, carried with him a joint petition, figncd by all the rcll of the prifoneis, befceching the Governor to acquicl'ce in the terms propofed for their liberty. But while we were thus contriving their relcafc, the centinel called oilt from the mafl-head, that he faw a boat under fail at a conliderahle dilfaiice to the fouth- e.ilfward, which, to our unlpcakalilc joy, upon her nearer approach, wc found was our ovvii cutter, the wan and meagre countenances of whole crew, the length of their beards, and the feeble ami hollow tone of their voices, convinced us that they had lull'crcd much greater hardlliips than could be expei'ted from even the feveritics of a Spanilh prifon. They were obliged to be helped into the fhip, and were immc- 'liately put to bed ; where, by relf, and nourifliing diet, with which they were plentifully fup[)lied from the Commodore's table, they recovered their health and vigour. And now we learnt that they had kept the fea the whole time of their abfence, which w.is abo\«J lix weeks; that, when they had linillud their cruife, and hatl iuft begun to ply to the wcllw.inl, in order to join the fquadron, a llrong advcrfc current had lorccj tluin upwards of 80 leagues lo leeward, where they ioiind every where fo great a furf, that thcie was no [Killibility of landing ; thai they pafl'ed fome days in the molf dreadful lituation, without water, having 110 other means leit them to allay their thirll than fucking the blood of the turtles which thev caught; that at la(f, giviog up all hopes of fuceoiir, the lit ai of the climate too aiigmciuiilg their necctiities, and rendering their fiilfeiiiigs iiiriipjioitable, they abandoneel theiiifcivcs to lielpair, liilly peifiiailed that thev Ihould pcrilli by the moll terrible of all deatfis ; but that foon alter a mofk unex|)e:led incident happily relieved tlu in ; for there fell fo heavy a rain, that, on fpreading their fails horizontally, and putting bullets in the centers of them, they caught as much water as filled their calks ; that imiii-diately upon this fortunate fupply, they Ifood to the welhvaid in quefl ol the Commodore, .\i\A tiring now luckily favoured by a llrong current, they jnincii him in lefs than 50 hours Irom that time, alter h.wing been ablent in the whole full 43 days. And now having, to our entire fatisfacl.'on, pot on board our people, and the fcafonof the year (or lading to Alia being tar (we found it too far) advanced, the Commodore rcfolved not to wait for any reiurn from Acapuico, but gave orders to cquijj two large [irizc launches, to carry on lliore the Sp.milli anil liuiian prifoners, both from ourfelves and the (iloucelier ; and, having given them provilions and all iieccllaries for Panama, whither they intended to fail, about four in the evening they lelt us, to the number of about 60 perfons, having full, though enemies, obferved the cullom of lijafaring people at parting, and wilhcd us a profperous voyage. From the 6ih of May, the day we took our depar- ture, we met with little remaikabic for above a month, except that the true trade-wind, which is laid nevt r to fail at about door 7oleagues from the Ihnre of Mexico at the farthell, was fo far from anfwcring our expecla- tions, that we hail nothing but crofs winds, Kiualls, rain, thunder, and lightning, till by account we were (lOO leagues to the wellward of Acapuico, having been above 40 days in getting fo far. I'he ijth, we loiind the forematl fprungin a dangerous manner, and there- upon lilhed and lecured it very flrongly. The 22nd, in the evening, we ffirunga leak, making 1 1 inches water in a watch, and uh a learih tuund it to m If'.: •■.' ^h1 I y ilrf'isittiill pl.l-llt»llli 'm i >i ¥< ■•« i^-v M^ 356 Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSO N's h to be on the larboard iidc, abreall the main hatch-way, and not quite under water. The carpenters foon Hope it with very little trouble. The nth ot June, we found a current to fet to the fouthward, about 24 miles a day, but could not dif- cover whether to the call or well, for want of oppor- tunity to try it. This was by account about 450 leagues from Acapulco ; and, much about this time, abundance of fcorbutic fymptoms, fuch as bisckncfs in the fkm, hard nodes in the flclh, Ihortncfs of breath, and a general lallitude and wcakncfs of all the parts, began to prevail, almoll univerfally, among our pcopL-. Thb with the great mortality we experienced from this dillemper m our Cape Horn pafTagc, and the time we might lliil expect to be at fea, having yet 1 800 l-'agues to thole iljands called, by Sir Francis Drake, the La- droncs, or Illands of Thieves, from the thievilli difpo- fition of the inhabitants, but by the Spaniirds the Marian Iflands, where only we could cxped our next retrclhmcnts i and no trade-wind being yet fettled; thcfe conlidcrations, I fay, gave us d •■adful apprchen- finns of what this paffage might tt inmate in; and the event (liewcd that wc had but too much reafon for them. The i4'.h, at five in the evening, the Glouccflcr, having fprung the head of her main-malT, 1 2 feet be- low the trulFel-trees, fired a gun as a ligiul of dillrcfs; on wiiich we brougiit to, and waited for lur; and, after enquiring into, and hearing the caufe, we lent fhtiu on board two carpenters to alHll in fiflimg and (cciirins!; it; but the carpenters in concert, hiving viewed and ■ confidcred the damage, reported, the nextiiay, that the mad was unfit to (land, and would not bear rinair- ing ; but that it mull be fhorttncil ?.6 fict Irnui the head, .ifld the top-mall be fet on the (lump. This, therclorc, was concluded on, and ordered accordingly. The 23rd, we found our own n)ain-top-mall fprung in the wake of the tape; whereupon, we reefed it :o inches, that is, we lowered it fo much, and fecuied it there, and Hected and let up the lliiouds and back- ftays. The 24th, in the evening, wcgot the top-mafl ilown, and put up another in its place, and a man filling overboard, wc brought the fhip to, and tool; him up fafe ; Iikcwifc, the llings of our crof^-Jaek-)an!s being broke, we fixed new ones, and the next day giK up the forc-top-gailant-mall and yard. The 27th, we made the (jlouccfler fignal and fent our boat on board of her. The 28th, we rccei\ed from the dioiuelier half an anchor-flock, for a farther fecuriiy to the loie-mall. The 2yth, the CJIouctllcr liniOied her jury-mafl, and made fail on it. Nothing farther remarkable till July ill, we had frelh gales, and cloudy weather, with Ibme lightning. The 2nd, wc unlicnt the fore-fail, and bent another. We had, not only now, but for almofl our whole palfage, abundance of birds of prey, alfo Hying lilli, which are their proper food, ami vail quantities ot fkip-jacks, albicorcs, ice. wlieicof wc took a great nuinhei, which contributed much to our relrelhnunt after the lofs of the tortoifes, that generally leave all ines; for, fcarce had our people finilhcd their in; iiiclii in the Gloucefler before we met with a moft violent llorm from the weftern board, which ob'iged us to lie to. This ftorm lafled from the loth to the 13th ol .\u4ull, :)itendcd with rain, thunder, and lightning, and Inch a lofty and dangerous fea, as I have fcldoni fecn, .uid could not have believed in latitudes between the Tiojjics, clpccially for fuch a long duration. Moll ot the time we lay to, we drove to the northward ; abundance of our people died daily; and, the Hiip proving very leaky, every perlbn who could llir, the principal dlicers not excepted, was obliged to take his turn at the pumps, and all little enough to keep us above water. The 1 5th of Auguft, at ten in the morning, the Gloucefler made a lignal of dillrcfs, and, being to wind- ward, boiedown towards us; but we obferved ftic was long in wearing, rolled very much, and made bad llecragc. About half an hour after noon they fpoke with us, and told us that they were fo leaky that they mull ijuit their Ihip; that they had fevcn feet water in the hold ; and that all the men they had capable of tlirring were quite cxhaulled with pumping, and could work no longer. This was an additional mif- fortune, and feemcd to be without refource; lor, whilft the Glouterttr's crew were thus enfeebled, our own lick were now fo much increafed, and thofc who Hill remained in health fo over fatigued with labour, that it was impoffible for us to lend them any aid : all there- fore, that could be done was to fend our boat on board for a more particular account of the (hip's condition ; as it was foon fufpeAed, that the taking her people on board us, and then dcllroying the Gloucetler, was the only meafurc that c«uld be profecutcd in the prefent emergency both for the prefervation of their lives and of our own. Our boat foon returned with a rcprcfentation of the melancholy ftate of the Gloucefler, and of her feveral dcfeds, figned by Captain Mitchell and all his officers ; by which it appeared, that the (hip was decayed in every partt that her crew was greatly reduced; that there remained alive no more than 77 men, ofKcers included, 1 8 boys, and two prifoners ; thatof thc\thole number, only 1 6 men and 1 1 boys were capab^ of keeping the deck, and feveral of thefe very intirm} tbat 4 X «h« II .it '!:'.i: IV * 1 1 1 3S' Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSO N's 1 the water was (o deep in the hold, that thofe who wtfrc yet alive were Carving, and could neither come at frcfli water nor provilions. From this reprcrcntatiort, which w«s in no one In- (lance exaggerated, the Cuminodorc fent immediately an order to Captain Mitchell, to bring his people on board the Centurion, and to take out fuch (lores as could moft cafily become at, among which he was Very dcfirousof faving two cables, and a Reel-anchor ; but the Ihip rolled fomuch, and the men were fo cxceffively fatigued, that it was with the grcatcll difficulty the prize-money was fccured (the prize-goods amounting to many thoufand pounds being abandoned) ; nor could any more provilions be got ai, than five cafks of Hour (threeof which were fpoilcd by the fa It- water), a fmall quantity of brandy, and fomc living Hock. Even this little bufinefs wasfo languifliingly performed, that two days were warted in the execution, during « hich time three or four of the fick perilhed on being moved. As the weather was now calm, and wc were uncertain how far diftant wc might be from Guam, a fettlcment in polTedion of the enemy, to whom the wreck of fuch a (hip with guns and ammunition on board would have been a very valuable acqui(ition, the Commodore judg- ed the moil cffetflual way to prevent her from falling into their hands was to fet her on (ire: and accord- ingly, as foon as the Captain and his Officers had quitted her, the comburtibles placed for that purpofc were lighted, and (lie continued burning the whole night, and at lix the next morning (he blew up. Thus perifhed his MajcOy's (liip the Glouccfler; and now it might havcbcen expcded, that, being freed from thcembarralF- mcnt in which her frequent difallers had involved us, wc (hould have proceeded on our way much briflcer than we had hitherto done. However, we were foon taught, that our troubles were not yet to be relieved. We were at this time in the utmoft diftrefs ; the (hip confiderably lumbered with prize-goods, and the little room we had left thronged with the lick, whofe numbers were now very much incrcafed by thofe from the Glou- ceftcr; the dirt, naufcoufnefs, and llench, almort every where intolerable; more people daily difabled with the difeafe; no as the land fur- nilhcd, it was thought unneccflary to indulge ourfelves in thole offered us by the fca. From fifli, therefore, we wholly refrained ; and the rather, as fome we caught at our firft arrival furfeited thole who eat of them. This, however, was not regretted, as beef, pork, poul- try, and wild- fowl, were in fuch plenty, that, except the trouble of bringing them from a confiderablc diftance fomctimei, there v,ah noditliculty attending their pro- curement. It were, indeed, an endlefs talk to recount all the excellencies and delicacies we met with in this delightful ifland : nor is it eafy to fay which to prefer where every thing is worthy of admiration ; the neatncfs of its lawns, the ftatelincri, freftinefs, and fragrance of its woods, the happy inequality of its furfacc, and the variety and elegance of the views it afforded, — ail thcfc confpircd to charm the fight, while at the fame time the excellency of its productions could not fail to gratify the appetite. And thefe advantages were greatly enhanced by the healthinefs of the climate, by the almoft conftant cool breezes that prevailed, and by the frequent gentle (bowers that fecmed to fall juft to rc- frefh the earth, and add to its fertility ; for thefe, in- ftead of the long-continued rains that in other coun- tries fill the air with noxious vapours, and overflow the earth with waftetlil inundations, feemed juft enough to purify the air, and to rcfrefli the foil ; which was ob- fervable enough by the effedl it had in increafing our appetites, and promoting our digeftion. This cffcdt was, indeed, remarkable, fince thole amongft our officers. who were at all other times fpare and temperate eaters, were here in appearance transformed into gluttons ; for inftead of one reafonable flelh-meal a day, they were fcarcely fatisfied with three; and yet our digeftion fo well correfpondcd to the keennefs of our appetites, that we were neither difordered nor even loaded by this un- common repletion ; for, after having made a large beef breakfaft, it was not long before we began to confider the approach of dinner as a very defireable, and even fomewhat tardy event. The princ pal inconveniences that attended our refi- dencc upon th'-? ifland arofe from the vaft number of muflcetos and other troublcfomc flics, by which we were perpetually teazed ; there was likewife a venomous lit- tle infed, that, like the ftieep-ticks in lingland, would bury its head in the flcin, and, if not inftantly removed, would caufe an inflammation. Running water there was none in the idand ; but that dcfed was fupplied by a large lake, or lagoon, almoft in the center of it, to which the cattle, in times of drought, generally rcforted; but the freflinefs of their pafturc, and the copious dews and gentle ftiowers that often moiftened it, rendered that rcfource almoft unneecffary. There were, befides, fprings of excellent water, and near the furface wells might every where be dug, whofc waters, in any other place would not have been com- plained of. But the great danger we had to dread remains to be told. During four months in the year, that is, from the middle of June to the middle of Odober, when the weftern monfooiis prevail, the winds, about the full and change of the moon, are variable, and blow with fuch fury, that the ftouteft cables afford no fecurity to fliips riding at anchor in the road : and what adds to the danger IS the rapidity of the tide, which fets to the S. £■ and occaiions fuch a hollow and over-grown fea as is not to be conceived ; infomuch that, though we were in a fixty-gun ftiip, we were under the dreadful appre- hcnfion ot being pooped by it. During the reft of the year the weather is conftantly fettled, and (hips have nothing to fear, if their cables are well armed, which othcrwifc will fuffer from the foulncfs of the ground. From the 39th of Auguft, when our fick were all put on Ihore, on the isth of September, when the Commodore himfelf landed, thofe who remained on board were chiefly employed in mooring and fecuriiig the (hip, in fiiiftingher guns to come at her leaks, and in cackling the cables, to prevent their being galled by thcfridlion againft the rocky bottom. At the fame tiitie an anchor and cable were put 6n board the Spanifli bark, her own being only a heavy log of wood, and a rope made of bafs ; and fome barreli of powder to be dried and recovered, which by long keeping was be- come moift. From the nth to the i8th, the hands were con- tinually (hiftinff, thofe who were fo well recovered as to be capable of duty were fent «n board, and thofe wha had ''■■ nJ }i ''i. ■ H- . ■' mm i I- Im ■'I'Ifr.'l, 'V 'fHRi' Iti I , ij! 36 o C o M M o D o R !•; (afterwards Lord) A N S O N 's I it had boriK- the biiiJtn of the l;ibour were rtlieNcdand font on lliore. On the i9rh, the weather began to alter, and to threaten a ihirm : on that il.iy. tiic next, andthcaiU, it blew hard: however, we lodc it our, and flattered ourfilvos that the prudi nceof our nieajlureshad le^;urc■d Ui from accidents. 0:i ihc 221I the hurricane came on, and our only hope of fatety feeined 10 depend on our pultini" out o lea; but the Commodore was on fliore, and all coinmiinici.tion with the I ind abfolutcly cui otf. At live 111 the atiernoon, tlie fmall bowcrpurted, and the iliip (jiiung olKto the b{ It liowcr. As night approached, the vii>lence ot the llonn incrcafed; yet, nDiivithftandin;; Its inexprellible fury, the rapidity of the tide was I'uch as to prevail over it, and to force the Ihip before it, as it were, in defpight of its iittnoll ra^e. It was nmv that the fea broke all round us in a mod trcmendtnis manner; and that a large tumbling (well threatened to inniilph us in its bofom: the long- boat, which was miKircd a-lkrn, vas on a fudden canted lb high that it broke the tranfum of the Com- modore's gallery, and would, doubtlel's, have riftn as high as the tafferel, had it not been lor the lliokc, which llovc the boat to pieces; but yet the poor lx)at- kcepcr, though much bruifed, was faved almoll by miracle. About eight, the tide llackened; but, the wind not abating, the bell bower cable, by which alone wc rode, parted at eleven. In this txtrcmity, Mr. Saumarcz, our lirlt lieutenant, who commanded in the ablencc of the Commodore, ordered guns to be fired, and lights to be (liewn, as lignals of ddlrefs; and, in a fliort time after, the night being cxceflivcly dark, the llorm raging, the thunder roaring, and nothing to be feen but the blue lightning flalhmg through the rain, we were driven to lea, and by this catallrophe, the whole crew, both by fea and land, reduced to a Hate of dcfpair ; thofc on Iho/c concluding they had now no means left them ever to get home; whilft thofc on hoard, being utterly unprepared to llruggic with the fury of fuch fcas and winds, cxpeded each moment to he their laft. In this (late of defpondcncy, whdc thofc on board were every moment in cxpc^ation of being dadicd againfl the rocks o Aiguigan, an ifland at about three leagues fromTinian, thofe on Ihorc were perfuaded the Ihip could not furvive the Horm, the whole channel between the two iflands appearing from the land like one continued breach, the lea fwelling, breaking, and roaring, like mountains rolling over mountains, and formmg the mod awful and terrifying light that the mind of man can (Wiribly conceive. Indeed, the con - ditionot thofc on Iward was truly pitiable; they were jn a leaky fhip, with three cables in their hawfcs, to one of which hung their only remaining anchor; they had not a gun on board iaihcd ; nor a port barred in; their Hirouds were loofe ; and their lore- top- ma (I unrigged ; and they had (truck their fore and mam yards down be- fore the hurricane came on, fo that there was no fail they could fet except the mizzen : to add tu their misfortunes, they were no fooncr at fea, than, by the labouring of the Iliip, whole floods of water ruHicd in through the hnwfe-holes, ports, and fcuppers; which, with the ufual leakage, kept the pumps conllantly at work. Perfuaded that their dcflruCtion was inevitable, (inking, however, was only their fecondary concern j they judged, by the driving of the (hip, that they were making towards the land, and that, in the darknefs of the night, they lliould no otherwife perceive it than by (hiking upon it ; but day-light relieved them from their uneafy apprehenlions, and (Itcwed them that the idand they fo much dreaded was at a confiderabic dillancc, and thata flrong northern current had proved tiic means of their prefervation. It was not, however, till after three days that the turbulent weather that had driven them from Tinian began to abate; when every man in the (hip was fo worn out with fatigue, that they found it impoliiblc to man the pumps, and hand the Tails at the fame time. They had twice attempted to heave up the main and fore-yards, in which they had u oltcu mtfcarhcd by the breaking of the jeers, and in » the lall effort one of their bcft men pcridied n ^~~ all this time the fhip was driving to leeward and 7'"''' ging her (licet anchor, the only one (he had lefr \" two cables an end at her bows. This was a •' ^' rtance of the greateft confequencc. and required"'' fpeedy remedy ; for though upon a third excrtinn *r their whole force, they had replaced their yardrVh durll not, while the anchor continued in that (itu r '' venture to fprcad their canvas. Some reft and rcfrHi,"' mcnt became necelTary before a work of fuch laiv! could be propofed to a feeble and diminilhcd c^w who hardly conhlled of 100 men. It was ihcref five days after their departure before they could fer*^' their anchor; and now they fet their courfcs anA c the firft time, flood to thceaftward. in hopes of fi°' regaining the ipand, and rejoining their Commander and the re(V of their company : but in thi, they « " unhappily d.fappomted; forhavingrun,a,,hey,l,Lh? the di lance necellary for making the Kland, and hn,-' in full expectation of feeing it. they found thcmfd ^ bcw ildercd by the irregularity of the currents, and knew not what courfe to (leer, till, after feveral days unerr tainty they came at laft in light of Guam, from whcn« they directed their courle with infinite labour to Tinian the wind being conffantly againft them, and the liX* variab'c. This fcvcre employment held till the nrh of October, when, after nineteen days abfcncc the apixrared again in the offing, and were rcinVorcrft from the (hore, to the inexprelFiblc joy of the whol^ crew. ^ A kw days after the (liip was driven off, romcofth,. people on (hore cried out, A fail ! and this fprcad general joy. fuppofmg it to be the Centurion return ing ; but prcfently a fecond fail was dcferied which wholly dcftroyed the firft conjedurc, and made it dif ficult to guefs who they were. The Commodore turn" mg his glafs towards them, faw they were two boats, and inftantly concluding that the Centurion was gone to the bottom, and that thofc were her boats rcturnini? with the remains of her people, this fudden fucgeltion wrought fo powerfully upon him, that to conceal his emotion, he was obliged to retire to his tent, where he part fomc bitter moments in the firm p,' fualion /\ n *]l' ''"P" *"^ "°* =''^" «"''• anJ that, inltad of dinrclTing the enemy, he mull himfelf with hii pee- pic fall a prey to their rclentlefs cruelty. He was, how- ever, foon relieved from this mortifying thought, they appearing, upon their nearer approach, to be Indian proas directing their courfe towards the bay, with a view, as was fuppofcd, to relieve their countrymen, or to take on board their provifions. On this intelligence, the Commodore ordered his people to conceal them* fclves; but the proas, after advancing within a quarter of a mile of the lliore, lay by for chc (pace ot ,1 lew hours, and probably obferving foiiK change in the ap. pearance of the place, which might raifc their fufpicion that an enemy lay in ambulh, they got again under l'.iil, and fteered to the fouthward. After this incident an opinion began generally to pre- vail, that the Centurion would never more appear at this illand ; and that (he was cither loit, or forced upon the coall of China, from whence, in her crazy condi- tion, it would be impolTiblc for her ever to return. Though the Commodore did not apparently give into thisopmion, yet he was not without his fears; and, there- fore, to provide againft the worft, he propofed cutting afunder the Indian bark which they took on their firii arrival, and lengthening her in fuch a manner ai to be capable of taking on board all who were then upon the iriand, and following the Ihip if paradventure flic fliould be driven to Mocao. After fomc hefitation, owing to the difficulty attending the execution, the men were at length prevailed upon to engage in the work, and the Commodore by his example encouraged their diligence; for, being always at work by day-break hiinfelf, it was thought a difgrace to be idle when their Chief was employed. It fonuratdy happened, that the carpenters both of the Gloucefter and Trial were oa fliore, and that they had brought for fafcty thelt ; • chetts VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 36t h-fts ol cools with them, The fmith, too, was on (liore 'til his forge, bur his bellows was Hill in the fliip. »., ij jjcfciit octifioned fnmc delay; but was foon fup- licd by the ingenuity of his (hipinatcs, one or other P- jfjjn, never being -at a lofs for expedients on fuch "ccalions; they limed a frelh hide for leather, the riicnters fliaped out a wooden frame, and a gun bar- ■I I'crved fof * noz"-"'- The fmith being now in readi- •('- to prepare the iron-work, fomc were employed in "liijj^jTjown trees, and fiwingtheni into plank, whilft the niain-body were bufied in digging out a draw- Irk to receive the bark, and in laying of ways to heave her up and down. All, in fhort, were varioufly IgycJj ami the work went on fucccfsfully for « 6 days, which tiuic the bark was fawn afunder, her two ar!s fctura'.ed, and placed at the proper dillance from . h other! and, the materials bcmg all in readiiicfs h toreh:ind, they proceeded with no Imall difpatch in the cnl.ii'giTi'^''". infomucn that they fixed the 5th of Ndvciii'.icr as the day when they fliould be ready tode- ' ft The alacrity with which this bulinefs was car- ''cJon, left no room lor reHciTHon among theconnnon failors 'though their fuperiors were not without their tfirs. ' They had no fca-provilions, except fome jerked bi-il which the Indians had prepared and abandoned hiii thcv Hed, and they had a run of 600 leagues bc- ,,,j , hi y could prefume upon a (upply ; they had no brcjd an*^' ^^'^ bread-fruit on the illand could not be prckrvcd at fea; they wanted fait ; and, what was It ill a more nfcefl'ary article in their prefcnt lituation, they vanifii ammunition for their defence, in ca!e of an attack Irom the enemy ; for, upon the UriCtelt fcarch, no more than 90 charges of powdei could be coUeOled, ivhich was fhort of one round a-piece for each of the compatiVi they were, too, in an unknown lea, and „j„tc(| inlUuments to direct their courfe: in Ihort, thouiih the common men had no other thought but how they llioiild get on board, the olhcers forefaw a thoufjnii dilficulties, which were almoll infurmounta- hlf to hunmn apprchenlion, but which tluy carr- tiiHv concealed, that the maiii bulincls might not be ni-irdcd. lijt, in the midfl of thefe gloomy apprehenfions, which, the nearer the time of their departure approach- fj Ihil became the moie ferious, and when all hoi>eof Irt'ino the Centurion at Tinian had fubfuled, oneol the Gl.'ucclkr's men, being upon a bill at a diHance look- i.HT out lor cattle, perceived, as he lancied, fomcthing like a lliip '" the clouds, which, on lleadily obferving it, fftim-d to move Ihndy towards the land. It was n.-i! lont^ before he was ftnfible of its approach, and pcrli;ading himfelf it was the Centurion, he in an cxtal'v ran towards the landing-place, crying to his cdinradcs. The (hip ! 'I'he fliip ! Th.i being heard by the nc.Hill, was echoed from mouth to mouth till it reached tic fpot where the Commodore was at work, who, on hearing the joyful news, threw down his axe, m.i inineil in the general tranfport. in a few hours the Cl.iuurion appeared in the otfing, and a boat with 18 men was lent olt'to reinforce her, and to carry trelli meats, fruits, and refrelhmcnts, for the crew. In the afternoon of the i ith of October flic happily call anchor, the Commodore went mflantly aboard, and the joy and congratulations on that occulion vcrc equally linccre ami mutual. The labour of the artificcn was now at an end, and another kind of employment fuccceded, which was that of laying in water for the remainder ol the voyage. Now alio hunting, fliooting, fctting and every device that could be contrived to catch live cattle, hogs, and poultry (or (lores, took place j while, at the fame time, tiie Commodore and oificers amufed themfclvcs with tiavcrHngthc illand, and examining more minutely its levcra! parts. In one of thcfc excurlions, being on a riling ground, they obferved, in a valley beneath them, the appearance of a fmall thicket, which, by attending to it, Icciucd to have a piogrelllvc motion, as indeed it had i but was no other than a parcel of cocoa-buflics trailed upon the ground by pcriom concealed beneath No. 4^. i thetn. From this uncommon circumftancc, it was immediately concluded, that the Indians, whole boat they had furprizcd upon their firfl arrival, nnill be the perfons who were dragging the bullies, and that it could not be far to the place of their concealment ; they there- fore kept their eye upon them, and traced them to their cell ; but, to their furprize, when they came to enter it, they found it abandoned, though all things were ready prepared for dinner, and Hood fmoaking hot on a tal>lc of turf. The ofiicers, having in vain endeavouuvl to track them, returned, ami, with an appetite iiwitafcd by the knecnncfs of the purfuit, fat down to that meal which the poor hungry favagcs had abandoned. It con- lilled of filled fpareribs, cocoa-nuts, and bread-fruit; all which they tound ready drtU, and in quantity as much as they all could eat. On the third day alter the fccond arrival of the fliip, the Commodore being on board, a ludden guft of wind arofe, and again brought home our anchor, and drove us out to fea. Our chief officers »'\.ic now all on board ; and only about 70 of our men, with a midlhipmnn or two to command them, were employed on ilu>re in (illingwaterai- ' catchiiigcattle. Oithtfeaboui ;jcann; off to us in ti.o cutter, and the eighteen-oarcd .i.irge was fent for the red ; but they not being in readmels, and the (hip quickly driving out of light, it was no longer in their power to join us. However, as the weather foon proved lavourable, and we were now llrongerand healthier than at ourliill difalfcr, in about live dayswc regained the road, and anchored fafc in our former llation. On our return we found the Spaiiilh baik re- llored to her old dimenlions, and the parts brought to- geihcr, and in good lorwardnelii to be compleated; (or the few remaining people, defpairing of the return of the Iliip, had deterimned to follow her to her dclliiied port. We now laboured indcfatigably to get in our water, in order to fail, in which (ervice two of our men employed in the well unfortunately perillied ; (or the (ides of the well being loofe earth, by the careleiMicfs o( thole above, in not properly attending the filling, the bank gave way by the weight of u heavy calk, and both that and the bank fell in upon them together, Some other mislbrtunes happened through lialle in rafting the ca(ks to the (hip; yet, notwithllaiiJing, be- ing (uchas are generally accounted trifling on board a man of war, our watering went on fo •"uccefslully, that by the 20th of October, it w as compleated ; and on that day leave was given (or a man from each mcfs to go alhore, and gathei .I's many oranges, lemons, cocoa-nuts, and other liuits o( the ifl.ind, as lliould be fuflicicnt lor us all while at fea. This being accompliflicd, the Spanifli b.irk ftt on fire, the men returned on board, and the boats hoillcd in, on the ;ill we (et fail; and the wind being (air, and the weather moderate, nothing remarkable happened till wc arrived on the coalls of China, except that while we were palling by the rocks ot Vele Rete, near the fouth end o( the illand I'ormola, we were alarmed by a cry of fire on the forccallle, which brought the whole crew together in the utmolt confulion, lb that it was difficult for fome time to re- duce them to order; but, as foon as difcipline took place, and a proper examination could be made, it was found to proceetl from the furnace, where the bricks, being over-heated, had begun to communicate the fire to the wood-work, which, had it not been timely dif- covered, might have been of the moft dreadful confe- quencc; but, as it fell out, it was extinguiflicd with the grcatert facility, and the brick-work lb fecured, that no accident of the like kind could again happen. From the illand of I'ormofa we diredcd our courfe (b as to fall in with thecoalt of China, to the eaftward of Pedro Blanco, as that rock is generally clUcmed the belt diredion for fliips bound to Mocao ; ard, on the 6th of November we (ell in with it, when v were prel'ently furrounded by an incredible number of filh- ing-boats, which covered the furface of the (ea as far as the eye could reach. Nor was this ("warm of fiftiing velTels peculiar to that place ; for, as we ran on to the wellward, wc (bund them as abundant on every other 4 Y part i i,a.^'' '■''i' i'i'' i '¥Si ■ ■ ■:■■ "1- -I ft ■ Mlii fv'^i^ iJ*- IL I 36a Commodore (afterwards Lord) A N 5 O N 's hi \i part of the coaft. From among thefc we had no fort of doubt of procuring a pilot to Mocao; but, when we thought ourfclvcs "'ir it, though we tempted them with (hewing thci.. .igs of Spanilh dollars, for which, it is fatd, a Chinefe would fell his father, yet not one of them would venture to come on board us, nor give us the leaft intelligence-, neither did our (hip, the like of which, fo armed and fitted, had never before appeared upon their coafts, fecm to excite in them anycuriofity: they continued their (ilhing with the fame apparent in- dirt'erencc as if any trailing flup had been palling by ; and, when wc made them (ignals, they difrcgarded them as much, though they certainly undcrliood them, as if we had been only in fport. 'Ihc next day, however, about two in the afteriwon, as vrc were Ihmding to the weft ward within t wo Icaguesoft he (hore.llill furrounded as before, we obfcrvcd that a boat a-hcad of us w avcd a red flag, and blew a horn. This wc apprehended was a fignal for us, and accordingly we hoilltd out our cutter, and fent to know the meaning of it j when wc prefcntly difcovcred our milbkc, and that it was only the ufual notice to leave otV filhing, which the whole fleet inftantly obeyed. Being thus difappointed, we kept on our cruife till we came to a group of illands, round the wcflernmoft of which wc were directed to pafs, and then to haul up. While we were thus em- ployed, a (Ihinefe pilot came on board, and in broken I'ortuguefc undertook to pilot us into harlwur for 30 dollars, and on the 1 2th of November anchored us fall- in Mocao-road ; where the firll thing we did was to la- lute the fort, and to fend to the Portugucfe CJovernor to advifc with his Fxcellency in what manner to behave to avoid giving ohence to rhe Clhincfe. The ditficulty the Commodore principally apprehended related to the port charges ufually paid by (hips in the river Canton, from which chargcsjiicn ot-war are exempted in every port of Europe, and which the Commodore was deter- mined not to be forced to pay in this. In the evening the boat returned with two olTicers, who delivered it as the Governor's opinion, that, if the Centurion ventured into the river of Canton, the duty would moft cer- tainly be expected; and, therefore, if the Commodore approved of it, he would fend a pilot to conduct the ihip into another harlwur, called the Typa, where it was probable the port charges would never be de- manded. To this propofal the Commodore agreed, the pilot was fent, and the (hip fafely moored. Next day the Commocfore paiii a vilit in perfon to the (Governor, to folicit a fupply of proviflons, and of naval (^orcs to relit the fliip. The Governor very frankly acquamted the C^ominodore, that he durft not openly furniih cither the one or the other; for that he himlelf neither received provilions for his garrifon but from day to day, by pcrmidion from the Chinefe go- vernment, nor any thing elfc but what his prefent ne- ccllitics required : however, he alFurcd the Commodore in a friendly manner, that he would give him all the alliflance in his power. On this declaration, the Com- modore determined to go to Canton himfcSf, to pro- cure a licence from the Viceroy to purchafe a fupply, nnd, with this view, hired a Chinefe boat for himfelf and his attendants to carry them into port: but juft as they were ready to embark, the Hopporcfufed togrant them .-< (jcrmit; nor would he, notwithftanding all the intercft the Cominodore could make, withdraw the pro- hibition, till he was threatened to be compelled to it by force. This operated when fair means had failed; a permit was next day fent on board, and the Commo- dore proceeded to the Kn Ii(h fac^tory to confult with the principal ofTiccrs then wut the cautions that were to be ufed, left the factory (liould fuft'er by violent meafurcs, which he was folicitous to avoid. They ad- vifed him to tranfafl the bulinefs by the mediation of the Chinefe merchants, who at firlt undertook to ac- complifli it; bur, after trifling with him more than a month, they declared they durft not interfere in it. The merchants then undertook to procure him providons clandefttnel)' s but that would not fuiricc. Upon his return, he found the llii() fo much out of rrpajr thatn, could not proceed without beint; hove down ; he th fore, next day wrote a le::crto the Viceroy', .nqu/"' ing him. that he w.is Commodore of a IqiLi'dron rif k" Hriianiiic Maielty's (hipn ihit had been ciuilini; m th .South Seas againd the Spaniards, who were jt vvarw .1'' his nation; that his (hip was leaky ; that his ne '1 were in want of provilions ; that he had Lut " Mocao, a iVicntUy port, tor a fupply, but that be' ' ' a (trangcr to the cultoms of the country, he had h'"*' unable to fiicceed; and, tluretore, reiiuclted ihat h" might be permitted to employ workmen to rn "^ his lliip, and that he might be fupplieil ui;h ,■,,," (ions at the accultomed rates at which the art 1" he Hood in need of were generally fold. Anoth'' dilliciilty was now (Parted as to the delivery nf th'' letter, the Hoppo at firft refilling to intrrinciiaic \Jl it ; but, on the Commodore's exprelling (otne rcf ment, and threatening to convey it to Canton byT" own mclllngers, he at length undertook not cmlv i deliver it, but !:> procure an anfwcr: actordlnlp though the letter was only dated on the 1 7th of [W . *' ber, on the 1 oth a Mandarine of the firit rank with tAO others ol an inferu>r clafs, ami their attc dants, hav.-^-iaiheir retinue 8 ha!f gallics, dciorafcd withltrcamers,3ndUiriiilhcd wi'hbnndsofniuli' k can • ton gr.ipple .i-hcad ol t!ie Centurion, "hcn/etheMan" dirine fenf in form to acini.iint the C oinmoiloic tin- he came by rrdcr ol the Viceroy to examine tlic'ron dition of the (liip, and to rejK/r: the lame as it Ihnu'i appear to him upon a |ult (ui vey. On this mfluJc prcp.irations were inllanily made to receive him- jii particula?, a hurKlrcd of the moll (ighily mcnonbo.irt uniformly drefTcd m the regitnentals of the manm" were drawn up under arms on the mam deck againft his arrival. When he entered th.e Ihip, he was falutcd bv the drums and military inuCh;, and coiKludcd by fomc of the principal clVi; en to the quarter-deck, where he was received in (late by the Commodore, and then in. troeJuced to the great cibin, where he explained his commilFion, and prefented the perfons he haii brou'>ht with him to take the furvey. The Mandarine t\u pcared to be a perfon of fuperior abilities, and en- dowed with a franknefs and honelty not ufually to lie met with among the ordinary ranks of Chinefe olli- cers ; and, being an cye-witnefs of the dangerous D.iic of the leaks, and of the necellity there was for a tho- rough repair, he cxprelfed his entire acquiefcence in the report that had been given, andpromifed to lav the fame immediately before the council upon his return. 1 le was exceeding curious in infpeOling the (liip, m examining her guns, and poifing her great (liot. He exprefl his allonKhment at hcrllrengthand hcrmainii- tude ; and the Commodore, to increafe his wonder, and (liew his own power, let him know how ealy ii would be for him to deftroy the whole navigable force of China, and lay the city of Canton in ruins; but, nc- verthelefs, he alfured him, that hot the leall violenci; ftiould be offered, provided his wants were fup|)licil upon realbnable terms. At the fame time the Commodore complained ol the behaviour of the otVicers at Mocao, who had pm hibited the country people from felling provilions tu his company, though they had paid for what they pur- chafed in Ilerling filver. The Mandarine heard the complaint without emotion, but faid it (hould be reme- died for the future. After the bufinefs was over, din- ner was ordered, and the Commodore apolofiled for the meanncfs of the fare from the difKculty he had U) procure better: but the two inferior Mandarines, uho were the only perfons of their retinue permitted to lit at table with them, (liewcd no diflike to any thing ia before them, except the beef, to which they have the fame diflike as the Jews have to pork, from an rarlv nrc judicc derived from their ancedors; of this .n: Ct.n- modore was not apprized, nor were theyclTci ■' m^' in being fct before them. They were, indord, ve > ..,' ward at the ufc of knives and forks, %t.» it \us (r: • I ' ■.■■.^-'•:'.. «■ n«(!*(ary e.. VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 36i ifceniry to introduce their own fcrvants to carve for ihcm before they could make an end of their dinners. But if they were deficient in their manner of eating, ihcywcre no novices in putting about the i^lalTcs ; for ihciewasnot an officer at table that durll engage with thtiti- Seeing they were fond of Frontiniac, and that they prefrntly emptied four or live bottles of it with- out any cirti^i the Commodore ordered a botilc of Ci- tron water to be brought up, v.''iich, on talhng, they likcJ. a""^'' ''^'^ C'ommoilore xcufmg himlelf on ac- count of a'> illnefs he had not yet recovered, they dapped a ruddy-faced officer on the flioulder, and d?- fircJ hiin to pledge them, faying, by their interpietcr, ihcv wf*^ ^^'^ ^'■' '^""''^ '"'' plead illnefs for declining . ij gljfs. When the bottle was out. they all rofc from table without appearing to be in thelealldifordered, and, aftcr'theufual ceremonies, departed, very well pleafed with their entertainment. The Commodore now impatiently expected the li- ccnccljc had requclted ; but it was fevcral days before it pallid the necclFary forms, chiefly owing to the m tricucs ol a Frenchman, who, having the adv.inttgc of Cyf,(;ing the language Huently, was at no lol's in tra- Jfifinirthc mcaiures ot the friendly Mandarine in fa- vour of Mr. Anfon; but a repetition of the threats al- ready referred to, produced, at lalt, thodelired cffccl. On the 6th of January, the licence was received, and the carpenters were fct to work ; but, previous to this, the prohibition was taken off, and provilions were ev.ry day biought to the Ihip in plenty. lt«as, however, the beginning of April before the ftpairs could be compleated, and the Chinefe began to be vtry uneafy at their long ftay. They had frequently lent mefljges tc the Commodore tohalK'n hisdepartiirc, not knowing or believing that he was no lefs in larnell 10 be gone, thiii they were to be freed from the dread of hisftay. At length, on the jd of April, two Manda- rine! ome on board from Mocao, with a peremptory command addrclTed to the Commodore, requiring him to depart j to which he made anfwer, in a d("termined tiinc, that he would go when he thought proper, and not when they prefumed to command him., .ifter this rebuke, however, all communication was forbidden, and no more provilions were fullered to go on boird ; and I'o llrictly wereihofe injunclions carried into execu- tion, that from thcnceforwards nothing could be pur chald at any rate whatever. On the 6th of April, the Centurion weighed, and warped to the fouthward ; and, by the i jth, (he was fafc in Mocao road, having com- pleated tier water as (he palfed along. On the 19th, flie agam weighed anchor, and put :o fca . But long before this, that is, feme time in November, Captain Saunders, Commander of the Tryal's prize, took palFage on board a Swcdifh fiiip with difpatchcs from the Commodore to the government. And foon after, that is, about the middle of December, Cap- tain Mitchell, Colonel Crackerode, Mr. Tafwcll, w iih his nephew Mr. (Charles Herriott, and the Rev. Mr. Walter, embarked on board the company's lliips on their return hon»e. About this time we received the firrt news of the fafc arrival of the Severn and I'carl (the two (hips of our fqu.idron that parted from Mi in doubling Cape IIort\) at Rin Janeiro, on thccoafl of Brazil. The Severn had been remarkable for the extraordinary ficknefi chat had been more fatal on board her than on board of any other in the whole fquadron, infomuch that her hands had been twice re- cruited Irom the Centurion during her voyage to the llraits of Le Maire ; and yet when flic parted company llic wanted hands to navigate her in a (\orm, w hich was the realbn of her return. It was from the knowledge of this uncommon mortality that prevailed among the crew, that the Commodore concluded the Severn to be loll. The news, therefore, of her and the Fearl's fatctywas received with the greater picafure, as wc had long entertained an opinion that both of them had pe- riflicd. But to return from this digrefTion : I'rom the ill to the 15th of April, we had ftormy weather, with heavy rains and fuch ama:iin^ and ter- rifying claps of th nder and Haflies of lightning as no- thing of the kind I had ever fccn or heard bore any projwrtion to. This was upon the breakingupof the talkriy monfoon, when fuch (lorins are ufunl in the country, accompanied fomtr.r.x-s with dreadful gufls of win.l, called here by the name of Tuli'oons, of the eft'eds of which the Chinefe relate ' wonderful (lories. While we were warping out of the harbour, the Commodore went on lliore to MocaO, to take leave of the I'ortuguefc (Jovernor, who had, to the utmoU of his power, behaved in a vcy friendly inannerj and. at his coming from the fort, he wasfalutcd with 15 gun;-. During our (lay we had entered about :o (rcfh hands, being chicHy l.afcars, IVrfians, and Dutchmen; fo that our whole complement, when wc failed, amounted to 224 men and boys, among whom were Come of all na- tions, languages, and religions. Being now at (la, we were fomc time in a (late of uncertainty what coiirfe the Commodore intended to (leer. He give out at Mocao, that he wa-. bound to Hitavia, and thence to England ; but his real dclign was very dillerent. The project the Comi-Mxlorc had refolved upon in his own mind, was. tscruifc (or the annu-l (lup from Acapulco to Manilla; and, not dif- couragcd by his former difallers, he determined again to rifque the cafualties of the I'acific Ocean, and to take his (lation oil" Cape Spirito Sunto on the dland of J.imal, being th firll find the Acapulco (hips always make m approaclm..^ the Philippii«s. Being now at fea, it was no longer nccclFiry to con- ceal this projcr ; he therefore fummomdall h'ls people on the quarter-dec t and m a fhort but fpiritcd fpccch, informed them of his dclign; which was received by them with the moll exprellivc tokens of general appro- bation ; and fuch a confidence of fuccecding dillufeJ it(clf through all the (hip's company, that the Com- modore, who had taken lome Chinefe fliccp to fea with him for his own provifion, enquiring one day of his butcher, why he had lately fecn no mutton at his table? the man replied drily, that in truth there were only two (hcep left, and thefe, with his honour's leave, he pro- pofed to rcferve for the entertainment of the General of the galleons. When the Centurion lef the port of Moc.io, fhc flood for fome days to the weftw: r<^; and, on the lidlof May, pafTed the ifland ot Formola ; anl, ileenng to the fouthward, on the 4th in the evening they came in light of the Badiec Illands. which they fufpedcd to be wrong laid down by Dampier, and from obfervation found them 25 leagues too far to the wcllward. On the 20th of May, they came in fight of I'".(pir;to Santo, As it was known thert were centinels placed upon the Cape to make (ignr.is la the Acapulco (hips, the Com- modore immcdiatiiy tacked, and ordered the top-gal- lant-fails to be taken in, to prevent a difcovcry ; and this being the (lation in w hich he propofed to cruiCe, he fixed the limits between the latitude of i 2 deg. f o min. N. and 13 deg. 5 min. the Cape itfelf lying in 1 2 deg. 40 min. N. and in 4 deg. of call longitude from I'fotel Ti)bago Xinia. It was now the time when the Manilla fliip was every hour expected ; for they feldom or never fail of making land in the month of June, and fomc- times fooncr, and it was now the lall day of May, ac- cording to their ftile, when the Commodore took his (lation. It were tedious to entertain the reader with the v.-i- rious conjedurcs, furmi(cs, doubts, and anxieties, that agitated the minds of the people on board, from the day they came in fight of the Cape till the day that Mr. Charles Proby, a midfliipman, called out from the tuall- head, A fail! This was on the 20th of June, juft one month after their arrival at the Cape. There did not remain a doubt but that it was one of the galleons (for two were cxpcded this year, as none had been per- mitted to fail the year preceding); and the Commo- dore accordingly Hood towards her. At half after feven in the morning, they could fee her from the deck, at which time flic fired a gun to leeward, and took in her I 'I u 11 r 't'^'.;i t.S }M'\ '■:,; .Mil' .'1 .jiT: %,' t. ■ ■- hi A, 'f I; li €M 364 Commodore (afterwards Lord) A N S O N's I :i. I' v.:»ib-^ Ivvl,,, ....v*»».^*'kii,. her tap-gallanc-(ails,as a (ignal, as it was then fuppofed, to her conCort ; but in reality, as a ii^niil to her own people to prepare for adion. The Coiiiinodorc was furprized tofec her fteadily purfiie her cnurlo, and wa3 now in no fear of loftng dglit of her, as at noon he could fetch her wake. Her confort not appearing, it was concluded they had parted company; and it now became vifiblc, ili.u the galleon did not intend to fly, but to fight. Every {rrcp.iration had been prcvioiilly made on board the Centurion, aixl all liands properly inrtrudied; fo that every man on boaid repaired to his poft with as much regularity and unconcern as if pre- paring for a review. Thi:;; of the bcft markfrnen lined the tops ; two men placed thcnifeWcs at a gun 10 load them ; and gangs of ten men each were appointed to go from gun to gun, to run them out, and fire them as faft as they were loaded. A con- flant running fire was by this means kept up, and no interval allowed for the enemy to Ibnd to their guns tn fafety, as is common when whole broadlidcs arc dif- charged at once. About one in the afternoon, the galleon hauled up her fore-fail, and brought to under top-fails, with her head to the northward, hoillmg Spanifli colours, and having the f^andard of Spain Hying at the top."illant- mafl-hcad. About the fame time the Centurion hoillrd her broad pentiant and colours, bring within gun-(1iot of the enemy; and the Commodore, jecing them clear- ing their decks of their cattle and lumber, gave orders fo fire the chace-guns, to dilUirb them in ilieir work. The galleon returned the fire with two of her ffern- puns, one of which carried away one of om fore-ll.rouds, and our forc-ftay tackle, which could not have been done by an ordinary ball. 1 he Centurion fttting her fpiit-fail fore and aft lor boarding, the galleon, out of a bravaiio, did the fam9. Soon after, the Centurion ftiot a-brca(l of the enemy within pillol Ihot, and now the engagement became hot. For the firll half hour the Centurion over-reached the galleon, and layonhci bow, and, by the w ulenefs of her ports, could travcrle almofV all her guns upon the enemy, whiltt the galleon could only bring a p.\rt of hera to bear upon the (.ienturion in return. In the heat of the afbon, the mats with which the g.illcon had Uuflid her netting t(K)k hie, anii burnt violentiv, blazing up near as high as the ini//.cn-iop. This accident threw rlie enemy into the uimolt terror, and alfoalanned the Comnu'dore, for (ear the galleon fliould be burnt, and lor fear he hiinfell nught fufler by being clofily grappled by her. Happily, however, that ilangcr was averted, and the fire cxtinguiflied, by cutting away the netting, and letting the w hole tumble into the I'm. All this while the Commodore kept his f;li advantageous potition, firing with great regularity ami brifkneli; while at the fame time the galleon's decks lav open to our top-men, who, having at their !:ill volley driven the Spaniards from their tops, made prodigious havock with their finall arms, kiWing or wounding every otlicer but one that appealed ujxjn the quarter-dec's, and wounding in particular the Ol-ncral of the g.'.ilion hiiiifelf. Tluis the action continued for more than hall an hour; but then the Centurion loll the fupcriontv of her (ituatinn, and came dole along-lidc ol the galleon, when the enemy continued their tire with gieat adiviry for near an hour longer j yet, even in this poliiion the Commodore's grape-lliot (wept their decks fo ellec'tually, and the number of the dead and wounded became li) conliderable, that they began to fall inio great confiilion, cipecially as the (.icncral, who was the life of the action, was no longer able to exert himfelf 'I'hedilotdir was fi) great, that iheirolhcers were fcen from the i:entuii(Ui running about to prevent the delertioil of their men from their polls; but all their endeavours were in vaiii; for, alter having, as a latl tli'ort, fired five or lixguiis with more juilgment than iiliial, they yielded uj) the cuntefl ; and, the galleon's I oloiirs being lingcd off the enlign-flatf at the begin- ning of the engagement, the (truck the (landard at the main-tDp-giilain-mall-hcudi but even this oOicc would have been at the pcul of ihu man'i lite, had not the i Commodore, obfcrvin'g what he was about give prefs orders to leave olV firing. ' ° *^- The Commodore, when the adion was ended folved to make the belt of his way with his prize V 't' riverCianion, being in the mean tune tullv nn,,!,,."! r i_ ■ T J ■ • ^ "i'"'H'(l 111 fecunng his pnfoners, and in removing the tr- r from on board the galleon into the Centurion, ''p^ fird Ixifinefs was to commilFion the (hip, a,„j ' ,*''' under the coiiunand of proper ofliecrs- 1 1.,,., " baumarca was appointed Captain, am) uas im ' diately ordered on board to take pullellion oi'T' charge. '■'■ But, julf as the galleon had fliuck, the ofUccr wh commanded between decks came up, fecniingly tor ^ gratulate tiie Commodore on his conquelf, but at rh" fame time privately vvhil'pered to him, that the Cent ^ rion was dangeroufiy on (iie near the powder-room' It feems one of the lads called powdor-monkie?! t)cin- hecdlefs, a cartridge that he was carrying hiew up ill his hamls ; this fired another, and that three ot tl lower-deck guns on the off lide of the ihip whirK being happily loaded and laid dow n for (ervicc, and th ■ port.i hauled up to vent the fmoke, they ilul ii„t oex,- lion the lealt milchief ; however, the cartridges ,iiij guns together railed luch a fniothcr, that it was atiirit doubtful whether it proceeded (rom the cxploijon or Irom a part of the (Uip being on fire. In lad, u'poi) examination, it was found to proceed from both- tor part of a cartridge having (alien between the planks ot the ceiling, dole aft by the Icutclc ot the Chapi.ims cabbin, not only a con(klcrable fnioke illiicd out, but j very fcnliblc heat, and, had it not been iinnieiiiatdv exiinguidied, the conlequence would have been dread- (ul : to be bric(, a kw pails ot water (eal()nably anolini did more than all the water ot the ocean coulj have effected after an hour's delay. I his alarm being thus happily fublidcd, wc dr.^ll•Th:c^ out foot our people (ot whom my felt was one' to tin.ird and iiKiii the prize. I had heard we had killed them t'O men, and woundni as many more, and e.xptctii! to hive teen the horrid Ipectacle of m.ingled limbj, ida,) carcallirs, iwA decks covered with blooil; hut no furh fpcdacle appeared; a |)arty having been properly (lationcd, during the time of adion, to walh away the blocxl, and to throw the tiead over-board. We founi) however, many dcfperatcly wouniled, and anum^thrm the (ieneral, who had received a imilker-hall m hi-, brcaft, and was fo ill, or pretended to he to ill, than; was judged unfafc to move him from his cahbin; but all the other officers, together with the palfengcrs ot note, were lent on board the uciuurion. Among the latter wai an old gentleman. Governor of (luain, who was going to Manilla to renew h\s cominillion, and who had fcarcc mounted rhc Centurion's lidc iKlore he was received with open arms by Mr. Crrxxlcn, Captain of maiirtcs, who 36 years before, at the battle of Al- rnanz;!, had been his prifoner, and honourably iii'cdhv him. 'l"he(e two renewed their old acquaintance, .mil Captain Crooden had a long-wifhcd-for npnortunitvol returning the favours he had formerly uceived, and which he gratefully remembered. The fliip, upon examination, was found to contiin to the value of more than a million and a halfof doll irs, was called the Nuclfra J|lgriora de Cabadonj'i Dm Jcmnitno dc Montero, jWimmaiidcr, l)y nation a I'orti'- guele, and accounted the moll intrepid otlicer rmplnv r.i in the Spanilu merc»Mtile ferviccj and, indeed, miiu opinion, he was more brave than prudent ; lor, (urelv, no wife man, intruded with fuch a car^jo, ux leni.vir'; t(» the windward of a man-ot-war puipolely iLiiioncd to intercept him, would have borne down upon his enemy, and braved him to his teeth, when, with the advantage of the wind, he might have gone fdcto poit, from whence he was not more than 10 or li k»f.ui:% didant, and where he might then have (cc hit puiluer at defiance. His galleon was indeed larger than the man of war, was pierce.' tor 64 guns, but had only 3() inouincd, mud of them 12 pounders, and 17 of them bralV; ilic luJ, f ' M'li.l.ii PlMuA,./ hjM.>:M.'i.),il lli,Jiiii,i»:tiiii.<-, \rioJ',il.i ii.whrJi, i(tc(l, WCffr:ill;.hrf,i c liail killi-il thcin \ ami cxfxctciiii) "gfc^l linil)3, ,)cj,l lood J but no fijcli \\ b«n propcflv to walli avi.iy the loard. \Vc toun,t, , ami ainon^ them iHilkct-hall 111 hw bchnll, that It 1 his cahbin; but the |)airin^;frs ot ion. Anionj^ the lor of (Junni, who coiTiinillioii, and ■>n"s tide ktorc hp L'nxxlcn, Captain the battle ot Al- MKiurably iifeilhy icqiiaituancc, and for npi)oruinitv(i| rl)' Kccivtcj, and found to ( ontiin d a haifofdol! irs, Jabadonca. \\,\\ >)■ nation a I'ortn. otiicir cmplnvf il id, indeed, ininy dent J lor, liinlv, upf), lix Icn^^ur^ ipolciy llalumcd ■ down upon his when, with the E;nnr lafcto|)oir, lO or \i lea^nj,s p'C ice his puilutr I .,' !' '/ '' ti. ; " 1 u '% VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 36s had bcfiJes. a 8 peteraroes, in her gunwale, quarters, nj'tops. carrying^ach a 41b. ball j and, before the en- Mcrenicnt, re necelfary* forourown prefervation to prevent rheir rifinj]^; and that could not befecurciy cHTcded without excrcifing a degree of fcverity which in any other circumrtances could not have been juftilied on the prmciples of hu- manity; for there was no method practicable but th.it of rtoffing the men in the holds of the two fhips j and as fnrtticolficcrs, 17 in number, they wire confined in the Firll I.iftitcnant's cabbin, under a guard of fix men, firit depriving them of their arms, and then keeping a llri:! watch on all their motions. Indeed, the (utier- ings of the common men, fuch of them in particular who wore not employed in navigating the (hip, were much to he pitied ; for, the weather being extremely hot, the (Knch of the holds loathfome beyond concep- tion, and their allowance of water butjuft fuflicicnt to ktipthem alive, being only a pint a day (or each man. It was next to a miracle that not a man of tliem died duriiiii; their confinement, except five of the wounded, who expired the very night they were brought aboard the Centurion. Thus circumHanci-i, the motives of humanity, as well as intereft, (Ironjzly urged the Com- modore to haftcn his return to China j and the prite being much damaged, both in her hull and rigging, it was found nccelFary to take her in tow for the quicker difpatch. On the 2ift of June it blew a ftorm. which continued till the 2$th, when the fea ran mountains hi^h : in this ftoriiuhe Centurion loll her long-boat, and the prize a launch. On the id of July wc p-ilTed between the nalhcc Illinds, though the rippling of the fea feemcd to in- dicate breakers or rocky ground t but the wind being fo far to the northward as to render it diflicult to weather them, wc rifiiued the danger to fliorten the voyage. On the 8ih of July we made the coaft of Cliin.i, and on the 1 1 th came to an anchor oil' the city ol Mocao ; from thciK'" wc proceeded to the river of Canton, where we met with the ufual obllrui'lions from the cufloni-houfe ofliccrs, and where the Commodore was a^rain obligeil, as it were, rcfolutely to force his way to bis intended Ihtion, Thcoiriccr wli(» came to take the dimenfions of his Hiiin, in the ufual manner, feemed allonilhcd when he talked of being e.\emj)ted fr>'iii the accullomed r ite«, and gave him to uiulerltand that the I'jnperor's duty mull be paid by every fl\ip that came into his ports; and the pilot had private in- ftuicfioni not to carry the (hips through the Bocca Ty gris, or narrow pals that lunnt the entrance into the No. 44. river of Canton, till fecurity was given for the accuf- tomed charges. And here it may be nccelTary jufl to mention, that this pafs, not more than a quarter of a mile in breadth, is defended by two forts on the oppofite (ides ; but thcfc the Commodore difrcgarding, and being determined to enter the river without delay, as the llormy feafon was approaching, he caufed the pilot to be brought before him, and in a determined tone threatened to hang him to the yard-arm, if he did not inOantly rake charge of the (hip, and carry iKr fafc, without (Inking ground, through the Bocca Tygris into the open river. The poor pilot performed hii office, but did not cfjapc pu- nifliment for what he cou'd not help. He was irv- (lantly feized on being releafed from the Centurion, committed to prifon, and rigoroufly difciplined with the bamboo. However, he found means to get accefs to the Commodore afterwards, to fupplicate a recom- pence, who, ever ready to reward the fufferers in his (ervice, gave him fuch a fum as more than contented him for his whipping. Nor was the poor pilot the only futVerer; (or thcCJovernors of the foris were both dif- placed lor not preventing what it was in vain for them to attempt to oppofe, and for not doing what all the council mud know was impoffible to be done. On the 16th the Commodore Cent his Second Lieu- tenant to C niton, w ifh a letter to the Viceroy, afTigning his reafoiis for putting into that porr, demanding a li- cence (or purchaliiig provilions and (lores, and intimat- ing an intention of waiting upon his Excellency in per- fon to mike his acknowledgements. The [.ieutenanc was civilly received, and promifed an aniwer the next day. In the mean time, the principal ollicers of the prize defircd permillion to go to Canton on their pa- role, which was readily granted. Thefe no fooner ar- rived, than they were called before the magillracy, and examined; when they gcnerouily and fiankly acknow- ledged that they fell into the hands of the Commodore by the chance of war, and that thr.ugh they were pri- foners, they were notwithdanding at liberty to treat for their releafe : they faid farther, that it was not the cul- tom among European nations to put prifoners tudeaiht hut that the laws of war authorized much (cverer treat- ment than they had hitherto met with from 1' "ir con-, querois. This contellion from an enemy hau great weight with the Chinefe, who, till then, thouj^h they had revered the Commodore's naval force, had yet ful- pe^lcd his morals, and had confidcred hiiii rather as a iawlefs free boot er, than as one commiliioned by the (late for the revenge of public injuries. On the 20 hof July, three Mandarines with their re- tinue came on board, and brought the Viceroy's permit for a daily fiipply of provifions, and for pilots to carry the ('lips up the river as high as thefecond bar; and, at the fame time they delivered a melFage from the Vice- roy, inanfwcr to that part of the Commodore's letter which relat'fcd to his vifiting his Excellency ; the fub- (lance of which mefl'agc was, that the Viceroy widied the Commodore to defer his vilit till the hot feafon was over, but that in September, when the weather would lie more temperate, he Ihoiild be glad to receive him. This the Commodore looked upon as a fined'e, know- ing an cxprefs was fent up to the Emperors court at I'eking j whence the real motive for putting ofTthe vj- fit (ecmcd to be to Rain tiine to receive the Emperor's indrudions concerning the ceremony to be obfetvcd at his reception. The Mandarines, having difpatched this part ot their commidion, next entered upon the bufinefs of the port charges ; whereupon the Commo- il( re at once cut them diort, hy telling them, that, \x he did not come to tiade, hi was not to be treated upon the lame footing with trading (hips; that his Britannic Majefiy's (Inps never paid culloins m the ports of Eurofie, nor ever would be fubjrct to any pe- cuniary im^xids in any other port wliatever. Finding no(hi.''ig tc he gained on this head, they told the Com- mouor.', that they had dill another matter in charge, and tlv , wa« the releafe of the prifoners taker m bn.>rd the galleon j for that the Emperor would never permit l,'-' h'- 'I'h ib iWi 'MM ^j a^ m^ 366 CoMMoJjoRE (afterwards Lord) ANSON 's thcfubjedls of princes with whom hcwasih alliaricc to be held in bondage in his dominions,, nor could tht Viceroy anfwcrit to his Sovereign if he fuftered it; and that, therefore, his Excellency hoped thit the Coniino- dorr would give imincdicite orders for their relcafe. Though nothing could he more agreeable to tl.: Commo-lore, who wanted much to be rid of the iri- cumbrancc, than this rcquilitiorl, yet, to inhance the favour, heat fiift raifcd diHkulticsj but at length fuf- fcred himieif to be prevailed upon by their mtreatics, and concluded, by afturingthem, that, to Ihew his rea- dinefs to oblige, he would deliverup the prifoners when- ever the Viceroy would pleafc to order boats to fetch them. Matters bemg thus adjuftcd, the Mandarmes departed: and, in a few days, twoChinefc junks were lent from Canton to carry them to Mocao, under the direction of one Captain Fial, Commander of a Spa- nilh merchant-man, to whofe fliip we gave chacc in our paffagc from the Baflice Illands to Mocao, but loft light of her in the night. To this gentleman the General of the galleon, and all his ollicers, except one wh>) accompanied us to England, were delivered up. And now I have occa- lion to mention the General, I cannot help relating an affair which g.ue us on board the prize a great deal of concern, and ilifficiently Ihewed the meannefs of his fpirir, and his beggarly craft. I have already taken no- tice of his being wounded in the engagement, and of his being indulged w ith the ufc of hi: own cabbin till he was fit to be removed. The Commodore over and above this indulgence, fent him a furgeon from hiso\»n fliip, up'in a comj)laint that the Spanifli lurgeon on board the gulleon was quite ignorant m h.s profelfion ; but at the fame time he fent an olRcer lo demand his comniini.):!. Pretending to the ollicer that he was uni;)le to move, h.; referred him to a fmall box in a ioclver (il nii pnviie cabbin, in which, he Paid, it was, and !r%evii;c a (word-belt fct with diamond, of great value, his own property ; but, upon fearch, ncitiier the cnmniidlun nor the belt could be lound ; and, as fome of our people had been rummaging both that and otiier parts of the fliip, he protelled, that, if they could not be there found, they muft have been taken away and concealed. Under colour of this concealment, though he never produced his conumflion, he all along ic- ceived the moll humane and gentlemanlike treatment that the molf wortny ollicer could difirc or exjK-ct ; and fuch was continued till his departure, when neither his cherts, of which he had two very large ones, nor any of his trunks or cafes were futVtred to be fearrhed : but every thing which he claimed as his perfonal ellccits were delivered to him with the grrateft care and punc- tuality; though, ail was aftcrwaids inlormed, he had niiny valuable ventures concealed, which oug'it to have been delivered ujias prize to the captors ; but, as that was never exaniined into, he carried them olF with the rcrt, and, it was fup|»oled, was not the leall among the gainers by the capture of his fhip. He pcrfiHed, how- ever, to the lal( in the lofs of his commillion and belt, and, though there were none on board on whom he could charge the theft, yet the Commodore fudicicntly cxprelFed his difpleal'ure againfl the whole by the pro- hibition he laid upon us, as foon as the prize came to an anchor in the river, by which all communication was cut off between us and the country people, and no boat fulfercd to coiiie near us hut our own ; by w hich fe- verc orderwc were entirely debarred from purchalingour own provifions and neceflaries from the Chincfe, which the people in the Centurion wcie at full liberty to do; neither could we employ the Chinefe iradefmcn to Tup- ply us with apparel, of which we fltxxi greatly in need, thotigh in that too the Centurion's people wt ic mdulgcd : and all this for no other reafon, that was ever alltgned, but that, if the jewels the General had loll were con- cealcd, the Commotlore was determined the fccreter fhould have no opportunity of difpoling of th(m. with- out being difcovercd. Had this precaution been (•'^*-'n> as it ought, (or the fatiifadion of thofc who fufTcrcd un- #cr the fevetity of the ccnfurei and had the cifei^s of the Spanifli General been properly infpciicd, the f crecer would have been publickly expofcd ; foV ^),■\.'^' we afterwards fell down to Mocao with the (hips' wh "! we fold ihe prize, I was myfelf told by an Inlh pri!!? that the General had both hiscomminian and his belt' that he itladc no fecret of the matter at Mutao- n j that he had offered the jewels (being only nude upK way of blind) among the merchants for f.ile. ^ But to return : during our (fay in the river Canton our people were employed in repairing tlit- Ccntiiriu,,' over-hauling her fails and rigging, clcanling ami vin! tilating her decks and quarters below, and m piyin* and decorating her hull ; infomuch, that when Ihcc'n,^ to fail, (lie had more the appearance of a fhip |,c\,|''j fitted out, than o'le that had been a three years voya,, in traverling the globe. While theCe things wciedo'nj on board the Centurion, we in the prize were bullcj in rummaging for trrafure, till about the latiir cnJ of Augult, when we made a full end of our (i;:r(h anj found, upon account of the captors, in fpccie, i,2-'8,-.(; dollars, and 1,314 of wrought plate and viigm 1,1^^^^^ The jewels we found were not then valued. At the fame time that the inferior othccrs and fca, men were employed in thcfe different fcrviccs, the Commodorehad a f^ill inoie important bufinpfsin hand He knew it was iinpollible for us to procceil to F.utope without an ample fupply of provifions afid other (« Hores; and, though we were fuinillird with a daily j[„ lowancc, yet no oidcr had been obtained lor victiiallin.; us for our intended voyage. Application had indeed been made, and terms agreed upon with the ro:i;ric- tors to fiirnidj whatever wa' ..kCcllarvj and tK'v haj unilertaken to prot ure the Viceroy's pcrmiflinn fir the delivery; but when, abjut the middle of StptcmlHT the proper ofltccr was fent to enquire wl.at lorMiuliiiis thefe things were in, he found that neither the bakir hsA begun to bake the bread, nor the butcher to ki 1 the o.xii), nor was the Icaft (Icp taken to comply with any one article of the agreement. We could pd c)thirv>ifc account for this faithlefs procedure of the Cliini.lc, th.in by fuppo'.ing they meant toflarve u" into acoiupiiainc with tlieir accuflomed demands for port durgis, wi;h which the Commodore was determined nevtr to ac, (juicfce. Indeed, it was fufpeilbn; but, on exaiitination, ituaidil. covered that they had been crammed with fniill llonjs and gravel to increafe their weight. 1 he hogs 101, bought of the (Chinefe butchers ready killed, were lound to have had water injected into the carcal'cs fur the lame purpofe; and when, to avoid this cheat, the hogs were bought alive, it wai found that fait had been given them to increafe their thirff, that methods h id been LifcJ to fupprcfs their urine, and that the tortured animals had been fold in that inflated ftate. Mr. W'a'tcr aii.ii — [for it is on i lis authority that thcfe inllaiiccs .ire re- ported j — that, as the Chinefe never fcrupie to eat the animals that die of themfclvcs, they contrived, by their fecret practices, w hen the Commodore put to lea, that part of his live fea-ffore (l)ould die in a ihort time alter It was put on hoard; in order, therefore, to make a le- cond profit of the dead carcafcs which they cxpechd would be thrown over-board, they followed in hoaii to pick up the carrion; and, accordingly, two thiols of the hogs dying before they were out of (lijht of land, their Ifloour cuuld not be in vain. . : . . ^- ■ ■. • Th: '"T- VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. Z<1 i!i1 n.) u:!ur«ifc The treachery of the contradlors being now difcO' red the Coinmodorc determined to renew his former ^^luil'ition '"'' '" audience with the Viceroy. With 'his view, he notified his intention to the proper Man- V fine and delircd that he would fix the time with tlie ^^ croy when he would be pleafed to receive iiim j at he fat"*-' f''"*^ K'^'"B '^'"^ '" underftand, that, on the I n, of Oiitobcr, he intended to proceed in his boat to r nton. 1 'i'^ Martilarine returned for anfwer that he * y j(.qiijiiit the Viceroy with the Commodore's in- Intions. As it w^'S apprehended, that the payment of the (tatiary duties would be dcnianded at this interview, the Commodoa- took the nccelTary prccaiitions to pre- iit[hi:Cliin''e from facilitating thefiiccefsof their pre- I nlio!is bv having him in their powerat Caiitt)n, and, therefore, K'lVcthccoinmandofthcCenturion to his Full Lieut -nai'it Mr. Brctt(now SuPicrcy), with orders, if iie (jiouM be detained, to lie at the mouth of the river, and f ffcr no Ihip "f boat to pafs or repafs till he was rc- Icifc't by which the who e navigation of the river »oiiKl'be iminedi.itcly obrtruclcd. Thii being known to the Chinefc, they were now more than ever embarralfcd in thcr deliberations. The morning ot the ill of October arrived, and juft as the holts crew, eighteen in number, which the Commo- djre propii'fed to take with him. appeared in their uni- f„ini namely, fcarlct jackets and blue filk waiftcoats, If «'hole trinunrd with lilvcr, with diver badges on their iackcts and caps, his linguift came to him from the M>n^*''f '"'• '" ''" ^""* '''*' * Icuer had been rc- cciveJ iVotTi the Viceroy, dcfiring the Commodore to defer his intended pinpofe for two or three days, which nothcinijiloubtcd, the men were ordered to be iindrcll, i)jl,(.,, repartitions were all laidafidc; bur, inthcal- tciiionno' tlu-ramc day, another linguift came on board, ficmiii(;ly I" •'' V,'''^'^^ panic, informing hnn, that the Viccro* (11 1 expected him up that dav ; that the coun- (,| «ji ilfi iiibkJ, and the troi>ps under arms to receive |,.„i. and ti.it the Viceroy was hij^lily inccnfed at the (ilii ipiiiiniit lit, and had fcnt the Commodore's Imguill loprliiii. (.haiiieii, fupjMiliiig him to be the lole caufe o( thceimiemiit. This plaulibie tale gave the Commo- ()im- threat uMca:lncfs, not at that tim • fulpeding any iiiuxilltion; and though it afterwards appeared to be all :i mere t irce, yet the fainitHHl was fo well fupportcd h, 'h. art tiai of the Chmcfe merchants, that three (Ins afterwards the Com iirnlore received a letter, ftgned by all the Supercargoes of the Englilh (hips then at the iil^e.cxpreiringtheir unealinefs at what had happened, anJ iiitimating their fears that (iime infult would bcof- ftfil to his boat if he attempted to come to Canton ktne the Viicroy was fully fatisfiid of ihc millakc. ToiliiJ letter the Commodore replied, that he did not bchcvethert had been a miftaKC, but was pcrfuaded it «as a lor^ciy of the Chinefe to prevent his vditing the Virrroy ; thit, therefore, he would certainly come up loCmtoii on the i^th of Oilober, confident that the Chmeic umil 1 not ebre to offer him .4ny infult, as well knoM",, (hould want neither power nor intlinatii'n to make them a proper return. On the 1 (ill ot Oclobor, the Commodore continuing firm to his lelDluti ns, all the Supercargoes ot the Kng- lilh, Danilh, and Swedilh Ihips, came on board ilie Centurion, to accompany him to Canton, for v«hich iihee he let out in his barge the fame day, attended by his own lioats, and by thole ol the trading (hips which nnihisor>:jru)n were fcnt to augment his retinue. As hcpalTeii by Wanipo where thclLuiopcan velTels lay, he »;is fainted by all of tticm ex. cpt the French, and in thi'tvenini^ lie arrived fafely at Canton. The Chmefe merchants, w ho alfeded to appear very mich picarcd that he had met with no oppolition in Ins way, pretended that the Viceroy was then lb fully employed in preparing his difpatchcs for Peking, that 'hue was no getting admittance to him ; but that they hill engaged one ot the olTicert of hii court, as foon at he was at leifure, to notify the Commodore's arrival, ind endeavour to fix the audience. Though the Com- mmlorc knew (his to be a fal(boed, yet he fuftcred himfelf to be pcrfuaded by the.Eiiropean Supercai'goc* not to appear to doubt it, provided the Chincle mer- chants would undertake that his bread Ihould be baked, his meat fultcd, and his (lores in.readincfs, within the fpaccof 40days; after which lime, if the lealV arLicle was pretended to be forgotten, he would force hi» way to the Viceroy, and prefer his complaint. During the in- terval, while the coniradors were endeavouring in ear- ned to fulfil the terms of the agreement on their part| (which by the bye they infifted fliould be paid for in advance on his), a (ire broke out in thefuburbs of Can- ton, which on the tird alarm might catily have been extinguithed, by pulling down fome of the adjoining Ihedsi which the Commodore with his officers and crew obferving, were inftantly about to carry into execution ; but they were told, that whatever they pulled down they mud bi ild up again at their own expence, and that none but a Mandarine muft prefume to direct upon fuch occafions. The Cofimodore, on this admonition, difpatchcd his people to the Englilh factory to alTili them in lecuring their effects, as it was eafy to forefee that no diflance was lafe from fire, where the common people contented themfelvcs with gazing at it, and now-andthen holding up an idol or two to extinguilh it. At length, however, a Mandarine came out of the city, with 4 or 500 firemen, who made fome very feeble eflbrta to pull down the neighbouring houfes ; but bv this time the fire had extended itfelf, and had fpreaJ among the merchants warehoufes, where the Chincfc firemen had neither fpirit nor fkill to encounter it ; fo that it was feared the Hhole city would have been laid in allies. In this emergency, the Viceroy vouchlafed to make his appearance, and a lutHagewasfcnttothcCom- moilorc reiiutlling his aflillance. Accordingly, he haf- tcncd a Ictond time, w itli about 40 of his people, to the place where the fire ragc.i with the moft violence, and in light of the whole city performed fuch daring, and, to the people who beheld them, fuch allonilhing feats, that they looked upon them as lulamander."!, and cried out, that they could live in lire. In truth, it was no un- common thing to fee the boldtft and moll aclive among them tumble on the roots amidit the ruins of the houfcj which their own efforts had brought down under them. And thus, by their rcfolution and agility, the fire was very foon fubdued, to the afloniihment < f the Chinefe who were fpcdtators of the wonders they performed. On this occafion the Swedilh was the only European factory that fuHcrcd ; yet on my arrival in England, to my no Imall divcrlion, I read in the Fans Gazette, that the city of Canton had been alinoft wholly dellroyed } and th.1t, in particular, theEnglilh,Dutch, Danilh, and Portugucfe ta«ttories had been burnt down, and almolt all their effeCls tonlunied ; but that the French factory had providentially ticaped, their goodn being all Ihippcd bttoicthe conrtagration reached the quarter allotted for their lelidence. This lignal aflillance gained the Admiral much re- fpcCt ; he was the next day waited upon by the princi- pal inhabitants with prefents and thanks; and foon af- ter, a mcflagc came Iromihe Viceroy appointingthcooth ot November for the day of audience. Being h ghly pleafed with his lall intimation, he inllantly gave orders for the necelTary preparations ; and engaged Mr. Flint, a gentleman belonging to the Englilh factory, for his interpreter, who, being trained up from his infancy among the Chinefe, fpuke their language fluently, and vi'-.-y was not afraid to declare with boldncfs what the Admiral delivered him in charge, a part which the Chinefc interpreters would not have dared to have performed with equal fidelity. On the day appointed, at 10 o'clock, the Commodoro and his retinue fct out ; and, as he entered the outer gate of the city, he was met by a guard of aoo foldiers, who conducted him tuthcKteat parade before the Kmpc. ror's palace, in which the Viceroy then rclided, where a body of trtxips to the number of 10,000 were drawn up under arms, who made a fine appearance, being all new cloathcd for this ceremony. Through the middle of this body the Commodore with his retinue marched to Wm ;..^ .; "^ l;v ii ', I i m >'■'. i 368 Commodore (afterwardi Lord) A N S O N's the hall of audience, where he found the Viceroy feated under a rich canopy in the Emperor's chair of ftate, with all his council of Handarinrs attending. He was feated the third in order from tie Viceroy, the chiefs of the law and trcafury being the only pcrfons feated above him. He then, addielTing himfcif to the Vice- roy by his interprc'er, complained to him of the de- lays he had met with, the infincerity of thofe he had employed, the vexatious impofitions of the officers of thecuftoms, the grievances of the Britilli fubjcifls, and, finally, the lofs fuftained by the flaflingheld Indiaman, who had arrived there difmaded but a few days before the fire happened, by which the crew had been great futferers, and the Captain in particular, who had loll a ched of trcafurc value 4500 tahcl. To the latter article the Commodore received for .nHver, that, in fettling the Emperor's cuftoms with that Ihip, the Captain fliould be confidcred. To the other complaints, the Commodore received no anfwer at all. And having now gone through thefevcral articles he had in charge from the company, he entered next upon his own affairs, and p.irticularly conccmmj; the licence to (hip oft' his provilions and ftorcs, whicn, he faid, were all ready, and the Icafon for failing was now fct in. The Viceroy replied to this, that the licence (hould be im- mediately iflued, and that every thing (liould be ordered on board the following day. The buGnels being now at an end, the Viceroy continued the convcrfatioiv for fome time on martcrs of indillcrcncc and curiolity; and, after obfervijig that the Centurion had been long on their coaft, he concluded with acknowledgments for the fervices the Coniinociore had rendered the Chincfe nation by the adivity of his people at the late Gre, and with wifliing him a prolperous voyage to Great Britain. Thus happily concluded this long-expeifled audience ; and, in purfuancc of the Viceroy's pro- mifcs, the provifions'werc begun to be (hipped the very next day: and now all the preparations for putting to fca were purfued witi fo much expedition, that by the 9ih the Centurion and her prize were ready to un- mooT, and on the i oth pafTcd through the Bocca Tygris into the open road, and on the i :ih anchored bciorc the town o( Mocao. While they lay here, the Portu- guefe merchants entered into treaty with the Commo- dore for the purchafe of the prize, for which they would give no more than 6000 dollars, though worth double that fum ; but the impatience of the Commo- dore to Ix- gone, that he might himfelf lie the mcf- fcngcr of h;s own good fortune, and thereby prevent the entcrnrizes of the enemy to intercept him, prevail- ed upon mm to conclude the bargain ; and, the being delivered on the 1 5(h of Uectmlxr, and the money re- reived, in the alternoon of the fame day he hoilled fail, and rook h's departure for his native home. On the 3d of January he came to an anchor on Prince's Ifland, in the llr.nts of Sunda, where he (laid the beft part of five days to w(K)d and water, and on the 8th weighed and continued his courfe. From this time till the aoth we had foul and llormy wtather, fo bad that I thought it impofiiblc to nvet with luch in lati- tudes fo near the hijuator; and the wind blowing directly againd us, we were driven pretty near the coall of New Holland i and, had it continued blowing from the fame quarter, «ith equal violence, for 48 hours longer, ue (hould have found itditlicult to have cleared that coaftj but, on the 21 II, the wind abated, and the weather became moderate. On the 24th the trade- W'ind let in, and we then proceeded on our paftagc with the highcll alacrity. On the 2 2d of I'ebruary, at half after four in the morning, I difeovered a comet to the eadward, near the horizon, being, as I judged, lately emerged from the fun's rays, its tail was at this time about 10 dcg. in length ; but in lefji than a fortnight it increafed and extended itielf to near 40 degrees. Its head appeared vny large and bright 1 and, on a nice infpec^ion, I have pencivcd it when ihe fun has been about a diameter above the hon/.on. The next time I obfcrved Ilk dilijiKC troin the planet Venua to be b6 dcg. 50 min. following the order of the planets; butnothavj in(truments proper for taking altitudes without a v"^ obTious fcnfiblc horizon, I was prevented from mak"'' more fatisfadory obfcrvations. From this time, till Ih^ 6th of March, we had pleafant weather, with'icw ccptionsj but on that and the three following dav*' being near the Cape of Good Hope, we had (bincboT terous dorms; yet, when we arrived at Tablc-b.iy w the iith, the Dutch knew not that any (iich hadhj pened. Wf found riding here two Enghlli Eaftlmlf " men, the Salilbury and \Varw,ck, each of which falmcd us with 1 3 guns, and we returned 11. We alfo (oimd live Dutch fli'ps, one of which having, as Admiral a flag at his main-top-mall-head, faluted us with quun ' to wliich wc retiirntd 7. At 1 1 at night we parted ou' bell bower- cable and hawfer, both o( which were vcr^ rotten, and the next day moored again with others pu*^ ch.iftd from the Dutch. Here the Commodore con' tinucd till the beginning of April, highly delighted with the place, and during his (lay entered about 40 new men. On the 3d of May, having compUated our water and provifions, we on that li.iy weighed and nu tofea. On the 19th of April we palRd withii\ light „f the ifland of St. Helena, which, however, wc did nor vilit. On the 26th we caught on board ihc Iliin fnake that mtafured in length lix feet and two iiichi* M hich our furgeon, on examination, pionomiccd to b- pcrfec'tly harinlefs. It was fuppofed to be broujjht ou board with our wood, nt Prince's Illand, in the Units of Sunda. The 30th, being before the wind, with a fine breeze, and a gentle rain, a violent and fiuM-jn fijuall took us a-heaJ, threw all the (hip's fads a.lv.tl- carricd away her fore-rop-fa.l yard, Iplit the forc-faij ;iv' fore-top-fail, the (ore-top-gallant-fail, and the m\ua\ and mizzen-to"fail. Diinng this Itjuall the iliip Cia down very mutn, and wc were in the utinoft danX of our malls coming by the board; but proviJcntiaiiy we efcaped without further damage. 1 he gih of June, in the evening, it being a thick for we on a fudden faw a (hip dole by us ; we lircd a (h,°t' and brought her to. She proved an Ln^lilh (Inp fro",J Amftcrdain, bound for Philadelphia or Carolina, wi-u Palatine emigrants. She gave us the (iill notice ot a war with France, and pioceeded on her voyage. The loth of June wc came into foundings. Ihc , ,(|, ^j half paA eleven in the morning, we difcovcred three fail, and at one in the afternoon ipukc with one of them being a Dutch (hip from Dublin. At the fame timci the (ccond being pretty near us, (liewed Dutch colours'. The third, who had been in chacc of the o:hers the whole day, perceiving wc deligned to fpeak with her flood from us with all the fail Ihc could crowd. V>'c gave chacc to her for about three hours, when finJini; wc did not gain upon her, we refuincd our former courfe. On the 12th, in the morning, the fog clearing up, wc perceived the Lizard Point: but that thcfignil perils, which had fo often threatened us, and iiom which wc had been more than once providentially do- livered, might be dilcoverablc to the lall, we were afterwards told that there was a French llo t of conli. derable force cruifing in the chops of the Ch.iwd, through the middle of which we had this nlghi failed without being perceived. On the r3th, between the Iflc of Portland an.! tho Iflc of Wight, -wc faw a (liip towing another wIulIi was difabled in her mafls. This Ihip proved the bala- mjidcr privateer, with a French prize. The mh, at eleven in the morning, we anchored at the backoi the lilc of Wight, and in the evening weitrhcd, and a.,Mm anchored at Spithcad. Thus wc finiftied a loiijr'and perilous voyage, which had laflcd three years and him monthi, after having by its events, as Mr. U alter ob- fcrvei, (Irongly evinced this important truth, " That though prudence, intrepidity, and perlcvcranLe, unied, aie not exempted from the blows of adverfc fortune, yet, in a long fcries of rranfaClions, they ufually rife lu- perior to its power, and in the end rarely fail uf prov- ing fuccefsful." living now brought thi« celebrated vov.irc to a 4 cone lu lion, '1; VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 369 .ondufion, it may. perhap*. be cxpefted that wc (hould vefonic account of the Spani(h fquadron, which we h've inore than once had occation to mention, anvi hich was fo "'*•■ irttcrccpting the Cummuddre at firft f ttine out, that, had the Spanidi Admiral cruifed to he eaft^var ' of 'he ifland of Madeira, inlleati of the * ell*ar '. o» 'f» '''^ **° '^"" """^ *'"^' certainly met ; 'd in that cafe, whatever had been the event of tlic i^hon the progrcCi of the voyage muft have been clfcc- lually prevented. This fquadron Was fcompofed of the following (hips: (he Afw. of 6^ gun'^ 70^ '"<^"» commanded by Don lofeph Piiirro. ai Admiral ; the Guipufcoa, 74 Kur)3, ioo men; the Hermiona, J4 gum, 500 men ; the Efpc- ranza, 50 g""*' 4$<' ""c" s '•'c Eftcvani 40 guns. 350 a ' and a patache of ao guns, 1 20 men ; and aver and "hovethiscomplcnaent, they had on board an old Spa- niih regiment of foot, intended to reinforce their gar- tifons in the South Seas, and to counterbalance the land forces that it was known were intended to be put on board the Comjnodorei Wncn this ^eet had cruifed, at has been faid, to the Itcwaril of Madeira, till they were ift a manner certain thit the Commodore hid cither paflcd by, or deferred hij vnyipf. their Admiral dct-'mined to purfuc his in- ftruohW"- *"'' continue his courfe to the South Seas ; but firft, It *''» iiv-'^eflary to fteer to the coall of Brazil w recruit his proviflorts, being viduillcd only for four monthJ, and more than t.wo of the four bemg alrcaJy A cordingl/i about the beginning of November, i-iU, he quitted his Nation off the Madeiras, and, on the j'th of January following, arrived at the river of Plate; where coming t6 an anchor in the bay of Mal- dinJi), he fcnt immediately to Buenos Ayrcs for a fupplv. While they lay here, they received intelligence, by the treachery of the Portugucfe Governor of St. Catlic- iini's, of the Commodore's arrival at that port, and of the«Mk condition he was then in-, buti whatever were hiirrtlbns, PiiirrO declined making any other ufc of thij intelligence, than halUnin^ his preparations to iloutilf the cape, which he hojK-d to crt'ta before the Commodore was in rcadincfs to follow him. VViih thuvicw, after refrefljing his crew, and recruiting his wjtfr, he inlUrttly fct fail without waiting for his pro- villi'rw (which, however, arrived a day or two .-liter he fet fall), rightly concluding, ih.it if he got the lUrt of the Commodore in the South Seas, he (hould not only ilirm the coall, but (o (Irengthtn the torts agiinft the attacks of the enemy, as etVvCtually to baffle their de- figni, l>y depriving them of the means of procuring necellarics. Hut, notnithifanding this precipitation, the Commodore put to fea four days belore him, and, in foine part of the palTagc round the Cape, the fleets were I'd near each other, that the Pearl, as has been faid, being fcparatcd in a llorm, ran within gun-Ihot of the Alia, before Ihe found her miflakc. It was with the utmoft difficulty, and not without conliderablc rewards, that the Spamlh failors were pre- vjiied \x\wn to undertake the palTige round Cape Horn It that tf mpcftuous feafon j however, being once en- gaged, they continued to pcrfcvcrc, till by the latter end ot I'cbruary they had run the length of the Cape, and were turning to the weilward, when a ftorm arofe, in which the Guipufcoa, Hermiona, and Efpcranza, loll light of the Admiral, and on the 6th of Match the (I'uipufcoa was ftparated from the other two. On the jth the norm incrcafed, and bv its irrclillible violence drove the whole fquadron to the eaftward, and, after fevcral iinluccefsful cffoits, obliged them to return to the coall of llr.i/,il, where the Alia took flulter :;, ihe tiver of Plate, and about the middle of May was joined by the Kfpcraiiza and Eltevan \ the fkrmion.i having, as was fuppofcd, foundered at fea, ;is Ihe was never more heard of, and the (luipufcoa being runalhore and funk oil the coartof Uiazil. The patachc, wc lliould have ohfer^ed, was condemned. beibre they quitted the coaft of Brazil, and her crew diftributed among the other lliips; fu that of the Ik ihipi of which this No. 45. fquadron originally confllfed, there now only remained threC) and thofe in a mod mifcrablc condition ; for, though it ddes not appear that the Spaniards were to fcverely vifited with that mod fatal difeafe the fea-fcur- vy, which carried off fo many of the Englifh in this palfage, yet they were reduced by famine to fuch infi- nite diftrefs, that rats, when they could be caught, were: fold for four dollars a"-picce ; and a failor, who died on board, had his death concealed for fevcral days by his brother, who during that time lay in the fame ham- mock with the dead corpfe, only to receive the dead man's allov^ance. In this dreadful fuuation, they were alarmed by the difcovery of a confpiracy among the foldicrs on board the AfUj to murder the Admiral, and all the fliip's crew, originating from no other motive but that of ap- propriating the whole (tock of provilions to the con- fpirators own proper ufe. But this plot was prevented} when juft upon the point of execution, by means of the priefton board, who, having taken thecoufeliion of one of the confpirators as he lay at the point o* death, pur- fued proper meafures to defeat their b!oui]y purpof-s, and to bring three of the ringleaders to condign pu- nilhmcnt. But, though this combination failed of its effect, there were other diflrelfes that multiplied upon them; and which could not be prevented. Hunt^ei and third, the moft dreadful of all other calamities, daily became more grievous j the Ihips grew continually more and more leaky, and the men Icfs able to rtand at the pumps ; nothing was to be feen but dcfpondency in every coun- tenance ; nothing heard but lamentations and com- plaints, which were embittered by the abfolutc impof- libiliiy of relieving them. Under the weight of thcfc alfcilling circumftanccs. the Afia was near finking, when ftie arrived at Monte Vedio with fcarce half her crew alive. The Eflevan, when Ihe anchored in the bay of Uarragan, had in like manner toll oout the fame number of her hands; but, what was ifili worfe, and is almoll incredible, the tfpcranza, out of a crew of 450 feumen which flic brought from Spain, had Only 58 that reached the (hore, and the whole regiment of foldiersj 60 men only excepted, peri (lied. Being now in wantof ali kinds of rurccffaries, maRsi yards, rigging, provilions, and money, Pizarrodifpatched. an exprefs over land to St. Jago, in Chili, to be froin thence tbrwarded td the \'iceroy of Peru, deliring a remittance of 3ao,cxx} dollars ; and what mull aftonifli the reader is, that the Indian who was charged with this difpatch, though in the depth of winter^ when the Cordilleras arc judged impaluble by reafon of the fnow, was only ij days in his journey Iroin Buenos Ayres to St. Jago, places diftant from each other 3CX> Spanifh leagues. At the fame time an advice-boat was fcnt with a letter of credit to Rio Janeiro, to purchafc what was wanting of the tortuguefe j but neither the one: nor the other of thefe difpatches fuccceded to the wilh of the Spailiih Admiral. The Viceroy, inftead of 200,000 dollars, lent him only ick),ocx3 ; and the Portu- guefe, inRead of furnilhing him with malls and yards^ the principal articles of naval Itorts th.it he wanted, fpaicd him only feme pitch, tar, and cordage, with which he was obliged to be contented : but a more mor- tifying difappointmcht he had dill to fuff^^r : for a car- fienter. whom, after the return of the money, he had rulleti with a confiderable fum, and ^hom he had fent up into the country of Paraguay to cut mads, in* dead of profecuting the bufinefs with which he was en- iruded, married in the country, and fettled out of his reach) refuling tareturn. In this dilemma, the only thing that could be done, was, to fliitl the mads of the Efptranza into the Afia, And to fit up the Edevan with what fpare mads and y.^rds they could mudcr, and with thefe two Ihips tQ hal.ird a fccond attempt to double Cape Horn, as it was now fummcr, and the weather lels fevere. But a certain fatality feemcd to prelideover every part of this unfortunate expedition. Ihe Edevan, as fhc was com- ing down the river Plate, ran on a flioal and iicat off Her rurlder ; and the Afu, though Ihc proceeded alone 5 A -, • with t: , in -■lis I \ 'SI "Mif-Jf lliii ' >'4. li!' -W 370 Commodore (afterwanis Lokd) ANSON '• VOYAGE. iwith moderate weather and i favourable gale, yet when (he came to the height of Cape Horn, and was tack- ing to change her courfe lothe wcflward, by fome mif- condud in wearing the fliip, rolled away her malls, and was a fecond time forced back to the river of Plate j from whence I'irarro undertook to crof* the continent by land, and with fomc difficulty accompliflted his defign. Bv this time Don Mindlnuetta, Captain of the Gui- pufcoa, wrecked, as has been faid, on the coaft of Bra- tii, arrived, with thofc of his crew whoefcapcd, at the place of general rendezvous ; and, finding the Efpe- ranza without marts, applied a fecond time to the Por- tuguefe, by whofe alfillancc he complctrd her repair, and, in 1742, doubled the Cape, and arrived in the South Seas, where he w.is met by Piz.irro, who claimed the command of the Efpcranza, which Mindinuetta difpuring, an irreconcileablc quarrel arofe between the two Commanders, which the Viceroy of Peru in vain endeavoured to reconcile. In 1745, they both returned over land to the coafl o( Brazil, where they found the Afia Hill in a (hattered condition. This lliip, how- ever, they determined to cany to Europe, and, with this view, they fitted her up in the bcft manner they could; and, having inanncd her partly with Portu- gucfe, partly with Engliih prifoners, and partly with Spaniards, toj;ether with tome Indians whom they forced out of the country, they fet fail from Monte Vcdio for Europe about the beginning of Novem- ber ; but they had not been long at tira before the In- dians, eleven in nutnber, formed a confpiracy to de- flroy the Spaniard'^, and to regain their liberty, in which they had hopes of being joined by the Knglilh and Portugudc, whom the Spaniards ufcd with great infolence. At the head of this confp'-acy was their Chief Ore liana; and one evening, abr. . nine o'clock, he and his companions came all together on the quar- ter-deck, and drew towards the door ol the great cab- bin. The boatfwain immidiately reprimand d them, and ordered them to be gone ; on this Orellana fpoke to his followers in his native language, when lour of them drewolf, two towards each srmgway, and the Chief and the remaining fix feeiTKd lo be (Vowly quitting the quarter-deck. When the detached Indians had taken pofleflionof the gang-way, Orellana placed his hands hollow to his mouth, and bellowed out the war-cry ufed by thofc favnges. This was the fignat for begin- ning the maffacrc; accordingly, the lix, with their Chief, who remained on the quarter-deck, falling fud- denly on the Spaniards who were intermingled win. them, laid near forty of them at .their feet, ^f \^.x. ? above twenty were killed on the fpot, and the reft diP abled. Many of the officers, in the beginninir of th tumult, pufted into the great cabbin, where thcv out out the lights, and barricadoed the door j whilft of th reft, fome endeavoured to efcape along the nna wi into the forecaftle, where the Indians placed on't^'" pofe ftabbed the greateft part of them as they attcniDt/j to pals by ; others threw themfelves into the waftc anrf thought thcmfclves' fortunate to lie concealed amonoft the cattle j but the greateft part cfcaped up the main ftirouds, and (heltercd themfelves either in the tons or the rigging i and though the Indians attacked only the quarter-deck, yet the watch in the forccaflle finding their communication cut off, in the utmoft terror like wife gave all over for loft, and in great confufion ran up into the rigging ol the fore-nuft and bowfprit But when the Indians had intirely cleared the quarter deck, the tumult in a great meafure fublided; lor not being joined, as they cxpeded, by either the Eneluhor Portugucfc, they could not purfue their advantancbv carrying the difordcr into thofc quarters to which they had driven the Spaniards, who thereby gained time for recolleftion ; and, on finding none concerned in the plot but the Indians, they refolvcd to attack them in their turn on the quarter-deck. With this view, pj. zarro and his officers ventured to half-open the cabbing door, which Orellana attempting to force, was ihot dead by Mindinuetta ; on which his faithful foilowerj abandoning all thoughts of further refilhncc, inftantlJ leaped into the fca. Thus was this infurredlion quelled and the Spaniards fuffercd afterwards quietly to pr»! ceed on their voyage; and, about the beginning of 1746 they arrived fafc in Spain, after having been abfcnt be' twcen four and five years. By thisunfortunatcexpedition the naval force of Spain was much weakened : they loft in it 3000 of their bed failors, one whole regiment of veteran foldiers, four ftoDt fhips of war, and a parache; for we have ob. fcrved that the Hcrmiona foundered at fea ; the Gui. pufcoa was ftranded and funk on the coaft of Brazil • the St. Elftcvan was condemned and broke up in the river of Flare ; and the Efpcranza, being carried into the South Seas, was unable to redouble the Cape, or to return back ; fo that the Afia alone may be regarded ai all the remains of that fquadron with which Pizarto iirl^ put to fca. •'■■if ,• - • 1 » •-1 , -. - ?■•■ I. ■• ' .■/' ■■■e-". ANEW, -lu. -■**.«* ANEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE ACCOUNT of 'n. where they nnr ^M SStI A VOYAGE Round the WORI,D, UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMED By Sir FRANCIS DRAKE, in the Pelican, ) «'■ Having undtSr mis commakd The Elizabeth, Marygold, Swan, and Christopher Frigates: Performed in the Years 1577, 1578, 1579, and 1580. j{i ••» ! E^Sxfa BEFORE we proceed to the relation oF the particu- lar Voyages that chara^crizc the navigators who f ,( rurroundcd the globe, and who immortalized their nimcs by their (kill and their courage, it may be ex- pectei that wc fliuuld give fome account of their fami- kj andfirft felting out, the diftinguilhed marks of ge- nius that led them to prefer the fatigues and dangers of ifca-faring life to learned eafc, or the calm purfuit of IcIJhaiardous employments j and that we (hould trace the fteps by which they rofc to eminence by their bra- very and their conduft. the bare narration of the incidents recorded in a fingle voyage, however memorable, would convey but a very impcrfctS knowledge of the general charadcr of thofe renowned heroes, who carried the glory of their country to the remoteft regions of the earth. We fhall, therefore, endeavour to follow them as they advance to fiinc, and accompany them from their highed eleva- tion to that period when all diftindtions are levelled. The celebrated mariner, of whom we are now to give an account, was fon to Edmund Drake, a gentleman ofTaviftock, in Devonfliire, who, being inclined to the dodrine of the Proteftants, at that time much op- pofed by Q, Mary, was obliged to quit his place of re. lidcnce, an3 retire to Medway, in Kent; where, after that Queen's death, he was full appointed Chaplain in the royal navy, and afterwards Vicar of Unnor. In thcfe employments, his appoinimetits being Imall, and hi! family large, he owed the education of fcveral of his children to the kindncfs of his relations, and thar, in particular, of Francis, the elded cT twelve, to Sir John Hawkins t under whom, as it appears, he very early dillinguilhed himfelf. and laid the foundation both of his fame and hia fortune. The learned Camden. iiKkcd, informs us. that he was put apprentice to the mafter of a fmall tradins vcflcl, in whofc fervice he behaved fo well, that his mat- ter, dying a batchelor, left him his vcflel as a reward for his diligence : but Stowe, who fecms better informed, reprcfents him in a fuperior light i tells us, that Francis RulTcl, afterwards Duke of Bedford, was his godfa- ther; and that Sir John Hawkins was his near relation. What Camden relates of Francis may, however, be true of his brother; for there were no lefs than four who were bred to the fea. Be tiiis as it may, the iirft enterprizeof confrquence, iawhiuh we find him engaged, was in a vcyage 10 the Weft-Indies, as Captain of the Judith, under his re- lation already mentioned. Thofe iflands having but lately been diftovered, and very little frequented by tht Englifti, were thought fo much to abound in wealth, that no voyatfcr thither could fail of being recompenfed with great advantages. Nothinj^ was talked of among the mercantile or adventurous part of mankind but the beauty and riches of the new world. Frefli difcoverics were frequently made ; new countries and nations, r ver heard o» before, were daily defcribed ; and it may eafily be concluded, that the relators did not leflcn the merit of their dilcoveries, by fupprefling or diminilliing any circumftance that might produce wonder, or excite curiofity. This was the age of enterprizc and difcovery; and her Majefty encouraged the ardour of her fubjedls by furnilhing Ihips and commiflions to fuch officers of diftindlion in her royal navy as were willing to engage in hazardous purfuits. The proje<5ta, however, that were formed, were not always fucccfsfully carried mto execution ; they were frequently defeated by the ignorance of the adventur* era, but more often bjr the malice of the Spaniards, who, from the firft difcovery of America, confidered every other nation that attempted to follow them, as in- vaders of their rights, and incroachers on their terri- tories. At that time, however, as now, it was no un- common thing for thofe who went in fearch of new difcoveries, to carry on a kind of contraband trade with the newfettlers; which, though prohibited by the Crown of Spain, was yet countenanced by the Viceroys and Governors; but even thofe would fometimcs take advan- tage of the power lodged in their hands, and make prize of the profits of the voyage, under pretence of an illicit trade. Among thofe who fuffered moft by the injuftice of the Viceroys, was Sir John Hawkins; who, havmg ftruck out a new trade, highly advantageous to the par- tiei concerned, though difgrnceful to humanity, fup- plied the Mexican Spaniards with flaves from Africa, ani^ received from them, in return, large remittances in gold and filver. This was connived at, though we do not find that it was abfolutely tolerated by the Sprnilh court. It wu, however, after one of thofe fuccefsful voy<* I ages, in which we find two of the Qtieen's ihips en- gaged (namely, the Jefus, commanded by Hawkins, as AdmiiAli I/' '■ II ' !: ■ A-il ft. ,; ;i , ta ■■■■'4!if|f •IvU J t'l nil i S 1 R lit* i 37* I R FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. I! Admiral; and the Minion, of which Captain John Hampton was Commander; with four other armed trading fliips, (among which was the Judith, Captain Drake), that, being driven by ftrefa of weather in;o the port of St. John d'Ulloa, in the bay of Mexico, they were there waitmg for a fupply of provilions, when th«Spanifli fleet from Europe arrived) confilling of 1 2 fail, richly laden with European merchandize, and on board of which was a new Viceroy. As the port was then abfolutely in the power of the Englilh, it was debated, nniong the principal olTicers, whether the Spanifh Heet (hould be fullered to enter; as their Admiral fufpeded, that, if they were admitted, they would contrive fome means of diitrclTing him ; and if they were not, they muft perifl) at fea ; an event that would certainly bring on a war, — a coiifequence he could by no means juftify. Upon mature deliberation, it wis therefore judged fafeft to propofe an agreement with the Viceroy, to which he confented, and by which it was ftipul.ucd, that the Englilh fhouij hold one fide of the harbour, and the Spaniards the other ; and that holhiges fliould be given on both fides, that no injury fliould btfdoncto either. But it was foon difcoVered, that, though on the part ot the Englilh, lix gentlemen were fcnt, yet, on that of the Spaniards, the noUagcs were onlv common men, finely drelTed. This gave caufe ef diltrull ; yet the Englifh, naturally honcll, were not fuflicicnily on their guard. The Spaniards for fome weeks behaved with fecrfting 1 ihcrf «'» 4 tnfo ntyi be •"! were brouglu fafc to England in French lliips. It was in the above sngageitient that Captain D l irrt dillinguilhcd hiirifclf; anjl to his judicious ^ liivl>, that thofe who efcaped from the Jefus owed th "' irefervation. The Judith had the good fortune m ^H fir dii preiLTvauuii. 1 iiL- juuuii iidu iiic good turtunc tn rive fafc in Knglandj having purchalcd fonic provitir on the llland ol Cuba ; but *hat became ot ihe vi' nion we have not been able to learn. " '" In this expedition Sir John ll.iwkins lofl an inim,: f fum. It nas in vatn to make coiAplaiiu to hi»fo"° reign of the infradion of the peace. The SpaniQim niltcr vindicated the injufticc of the Viceroy ; and ih C^ecn, though flicf*:crcily rcfcnted the lolsofhcrniln^ could not openly aDet the illicit trade carried on b her forvants. ^ Pmkc, who Ihared in the rnisfortune of hr^ relation polfetred both his fpirit and his indulTry. He did n> ' lit down to lament the lofs he had fuflaincd ; but has ing. acquired fome' degree of credit by his galUnt b' haviour, and fome knowledge of the weakncfs and wealth of his enemies, he determined to profit by hii lodes, and to make reprifah whenever a fair uppom. nify fliould olTei'. It was noditlicult matter to engage new advcnturcts in new projeds in thofe early days of Mexican com. inerce, ainl Drake wis ttot lon^ betore he railed a fund to begin trade on a new footingw In 1570 he nude his frrll expedition, chiefly on his own account, vMthi«o frtips, the Dragon and the SwaA ; and the next year in the Swan alone ; in both which voyages he enlarged his experience, but it docs not appear that he repaiitd hii lols. In 1 571 he found means, however, to fit out a much greater force, in order to carry into execution an cntcr- prife which he had meditated, not only to reinlUte his fortune, but to revenge the treachery of his enemies. About this time war waf agitating between England and Spain, to which it mult be conH-flcd the illicit trade carried on to the Spanifli fettlemcnts not a little contributed. He, therefore, fet fail from Plymouth in the Pafcha, a letter of marque Ihip, of 70 tons, accom- panied by the Swan of 50 tons, the command of which he cntruftcd to his brother John; in both which ftips he had embarked 73 choice men, with a year's provi- fions, and fuch warlike llores and ammunition as he judged nccclFary for the entcrprize he had in view. He had, likewife, the precaution to take with him the frames of two or three fmall pinnaces, that, if any ac- cident (hould befal either of his larger (hips, he might have it in his power to picferve the crew without being driven to the necefltty of leaving any of them behind ; a precaution which experience had taught him in the unfortunate voyage of his kinfman Sir John. But this was not the only ufc for which he forefaw thcfe fmall vefleli would be wanted, as will appear in the fequcl. With this warlike force, inconfiderable as it m ly now appear, he cleared the land of England on the i ith of May, I J73 ; and, the weather continuing fair, and the wind favourable, on the 29th of June he pallid be- tween EXiminica affd Guadaloupe, and on the 6th of July came in fight of the high land of Santa Martha; then continuing nis courfe to the fouthward, on the 1 jih of the fame month both fliips arrived at Fort Pheafint, which lay at a convenient dillance from Nombre de Dios, the place of their dtllination. H'^rc he propofed to build his pinnaces, and was go- ing a-iHore with a few men unarmed; when,difcovcring a Imoke at a dillance, he made the fignal for another boat to follow him with an armed force. Being jnincd by this reinforcement, he marched towards the fire, where he ibund a plate of lead nailed to a tree, with an infcription engraven upon it by one Garret, an Englilh. man, who had left that place a day or two before, and had taken thai method ut informing hitn that the Spa- niardi 'il mii he 1^" ployc «uh I hu' fell l)l08.| they ih.it t tationl i*ii..-i''' i To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 373 i,rd» had been advcrtifai of his intended vifit, and "f his rendezvous at chat port; and chat, therefore, ic would be prudent for him to make but ar very ftiort Drake, furpri/cd. no doubt, at the news, but at the dmctime knowing how convenient chii place was for . I, jfCgns, and conlidering that the hazard, and wnllc of time, which could not be avoided in feeking ano- ihtr (t»tion, was equivalent to any other danger which to beapprehended from the Spaniards, ditcrinmcd folk)* his firft refolution i only, for his greater fccu- j he ordered a kind of pallilade or fonihcacion to be iiaiie, by felling a number of large trees, and lay- lnii tlie trunks and branches one acrofs another, on an I, vatcil fpot chat commanded the river. This done, he iVt tlic carpenters to work i and while they were eni- nloycd in pu"'"K 'be frames of the pinnaces togecher, one I iipt-ii" Haufe happened to touch at the fame port, one V ^p"'" «itii .1 hirk of 50 men. To Raufc, Drake imparted hi! ililiun ; "id, when the pinnaces were ready, both ft[ r,iil ti gcthcr, (haping their courfc to Nombre do Dios, They touched at the Ifland of Pines, where (hcv were informed, by the negnes they found there, th.it the inhabitants of that placi were in daily cxpec- lation of (bmc foldins, which thi' Governor ot Panama hid promilcd to lend, 10 defend them from the Symc- QP5 nriiit>'jve negroes, who, havmgcfcapcd from (he ,,fj„„yoJ their mailers, had fettled themfelvcs under tm) kings, or leaders, on each (ide of the paflagc bc- t .;cn Nombre de Dios and Panama ; and not only af- lemd their natural right to liberty and independence, but endeavoured to revenge the cruelties they had fuf- fcrcd, ind had lately put the inhabitants of Nombre dt D:m into the utmou coni^ernacion. Thefe negroes the Dpiain fet on ihore on the main land, fo that they might, bv joining the Syrocrona, recover their liberty, or jt feift might not have it in their |X)wer to give the people nf Nombre de Diet any fpeedy information of ku intention to invade them. Then, fcledting 53 men fTwn his own company, and 20 from the crew < f his new aliixiate Captain Raufe, he embarked with them in his new pinnacci, and fet fail for Nombre de I)io«. OnJulphc}8:h, at night, he approached the town undifcovered, and dropt his anchors under the Ihorc, intending, after his men were refrclhcd, to begin the aitick; but, finding that they were terrifying each other with fnnmidable accounts of the llrength of the place, and the multitude of the inhabitants, he detcnniiKd to hinder che panic from fpreading farther, by leading them immediately to atlion ; and, therefore, ordering them to their oars, he landed without any oppoiicion, ther*e being only one gunner upon the key, though ic was fortified by iix brafs cannon of the largell lizc. Uut the gunner, while they were employed m throwing the cannon from their carriagei, alarmed the town, as ihry foon diicovcred by the bells, the drums, and the nnife of the people. Drake, leaving twelve men to guard the pinnaces, marched into the town with little or no oppolition. Aftcrafhort fkirmifh, the {orcca that the alarm had haflily drawn together were foon difperfttd, except a few whom he detained as prifoncrs, in order co ihew him the Governor's houfe, and alfo chc ftore-houfe, where the mules that bring the filver from Panama were unloaded. Being now in full poiTedloii of the town, he pofled the main of his linall body under the command of his brother, in the market-place ; and then followed the guides, with the reft, to the ftore-houfe ; where, forcing the donr, and entering the room where the filver was depolited, they found it heaped up in ban, in fuch quan- tities as almoft exceed belief, chc pile being, as they con- jcdured, fcventy feet in length, ten in oreadth, and twelve in height, each bar weighing between thirty and forty-five pounds. It is cafy to imagine, that, at the fight of chis trcafure, nothing was thought of, by the Knglilh failori, but by what means it might bcft be con- veyed to their boatst and, cjoubtlcfs, it WM not cafy for No. 45. Drake (who, conlidering their diftancc from the fliore, and the number of chcir enemies, was afraid of being intercepted in their retreat) to hinder his men from en- cumbering themfclves with fo much filver as might have retarded their march, aiid ohftruded the ufc of their weapons j however, bypromifing to lead chemco chc King's ircafury, where there were gold and jewels to a far greater value, and where the plunder was not only more portable, but nearer the lliore, he perfuaded them to follow him (not, however, without every man his bar), and rejoin che main body in the market- place. Here he found his liccle troop inuch difcouragcd by che apprehenfion, that, if they ftaid any longer, the enemy might gain poflTeflion of chcir pinnaces, and that chey fhould chen, without any means of lafcty, be left to (land alone againft the whole force of that cnuntry. Drake, not indeed cafily terrified, but fufliciently cau- tious, fent to the harbour to examine the ground of their fears, and co learn if che fame panic had cakcn pofTcfTion of the men whom he had lett to guard his boats ; bur, finding no foundation for thefe dreadful apprchenfions, he perfiftcd in his firft delign, and hd the troop forward to che royal creafury. In their way there fell a violent fhower of rain, which wet fome of their bow-ftrings, and cxtinguilhed many of their matches (fpring-locks for mufkcts not being then in- vented); a misfortune which might foon have been repaired, and which, perhaps, the enemy might fuffcr in common with them ; but which, however, on this occafion, very much cmbarrafTed them, as the delay produced by ic reprclfcd chat ardour which, fometimct, is only to be kept up by continual adion. It was in vain for Drake to expoftulate, or to repre- fent the difgrace of returning in rags, after having the chief trealurc of the world within their power; he iScre- fore reproached their cowardice, fet before their eyes the imminent danger to which they would inevitably be expofcd, if they failed to behave like men anxious for glory, and zealous for the honour ot their country. Animated by thefe incentives, they refumed their former fpirit, and, pufhing brifkly forward, the whole company followed till ihcy arrived at the trcafury, which they infiantly forced. Having thus far fucceeded, Drake committed che care of the riches to his brother, and Oxcnham, of Plymouth, (a man known afterwards for his bold adventures in the fame prts) while he, with the main body, fhould again return and reconnoitre the market-place, and difperfc any parties of the Spaniards that might be forming into a body to oppol'e their progrefs. With this view, as he was advancing, his ftrength fuddenly failed him, and he fell down Ipeech- lefs. Then it was that his companions perceived a wound in his leg, that he received in the firft rencounter, but hitherto concealed, left his men, cafily difcouragcd, ftiould make their concern for his life a pretence for re- turning to their boats. Such, however, had been his lofs of blood, as was difcovered upon nearer oblcrva* tion, that it had filled the prints of his foocftcps ; and it appeared fcarce credible, that, after fuch an eifufion, life fhould remain. The braveft were now willing to retire j neither defire of honour, or of riches, was thought to prevail in any man over his regard for his leailer. Drake, whom cordials focn reftorcd to his fenfcs. was the only man who could not be prevailed on to leave the enterprise unfiniftied. It was to no purpofe that they advifed him to fubmit to go on board to have his wound drelfcd, and promifed to return with him co compleac their dcfign. He well knew how impradica- ble ic was to regain the opportunity when it was once loft, and could eafily forefcc that a refpite of but a few hours would enable the Spaniards to recover from their confternation, to aflcmble their forces, refit their bat- teries, and remove their trcafure. What he had un- dergone fo much danger to obtain, was now in his hands, and the thoughts of leaving it untouched was too mortifying to be patiently borne » however, as there ^ B was ,\ir if ill r^i^i.iii'; I' li Iflif nil; ■;'! JrM-; ! 3 M'f li h.\ '■■■i \t\ 374- Sir FRANCIS DRAKEj VOYAGES « .m i rft Hi I h-ii was little titnc for confultation, and the fame datigrr attended their ftay in that perplexity and confufion, as their return, they bound up his wound with his fcarf, and. partly by force, partly by intreaty, they carried him bark to the boats, in which, with what treafure thry were able to bring oft', they all embarked by break of day. Then caking with them, out of thr harbour, a (loop laden with winesi, they went to the Baftimento's, an ifland about a league from the town, where they flaid two days, to recover the wounded men who had been hurt in the firrt rencounter, and to regale thcm- felves with the wines they had taken, and with the fruits that grew in great plenty in the g tions to enquire whether the Captain was that Drake who had uctore been on their coaft ; whether the arrows with which many of their men were wounded were not poifoned ; and whether they wanted provifions or other ncccflaries? The meflcnger, likewife, rxcollcd their courage with the highed encomiums, and expreflcd hi* admiration of their daring undertaking. Drake, though he knew the civilities of an enemy are always to be fufpeded, and that the melTcnger, amidft all his pro. fedlons of regard, was no other than a fpy , yet knowing that he had nothing to apprehend, treated him with the highcft honours that his condition admitted of. In anfwer to his enquiries, he alfured him, that he was the fame Drake with whofe charadlcr they were before acquainted ; that he was a rigid ohfcrver of the lawa of war, and that he never permitted the arrows dif* charged by his followers to be poifoned. He difmiflcd him with conlidcrable prefents; and tdd him, that, though he had in part failed in this attempt, he would never ilefift from his defign of revenging the treachery of the Viceroy of Mexico, till he had fliared with Spin the treafures of America. He then refolved to return to the Ifleof Pines, where they had left their (hips, and to confult. about the mea- fures they were now to take; and, having arrived on the J (I of Augud at their former (lation, they difmided Captain Raufe, who, judging it unfafe to (\ay any longer on the coa(t, defircd to be no farther engaged in their defigns. But Drake, not to be diverted from his pur. pofe, after being cured of his wound, inquired of a negroe, whom he took on board at Nombre de Dios, the moft wealthy fectlements, and weaked parts of thecoaft, who advifed the attack of Carthagena. This the Admiral fccmcd to approve : and, fctting fail with- out lofs of time, came to anchor, Augud 13, between Charccha and St. Barnard's, two iflands at a little dif- tance from the harbour of Carthagena. Then pafling with his boats round the ifland, he entered the harbour, and in the mouth of it found a frigate with only an old man in it, who voluntarily informed him, that, about an hour before a pinnace had pafTcd by, with fails and oars, and all the appearatKC of expedition and impor- uncc; that, as (he palFcd, the crew on board her bid him take care of himCelf ; and that, as foon as (he touched the Ihore, he heard the noife of cannon, fired as a warn, ing, and faw the (hipping of the port drawn up under the guns of thr caftle. The Captain who had htmfelf heard thedifcharge of the artillery, was foon convinced that he was difcovered t and that, therefore, oothing could be attempted there with any probability of fuc cefs. He therefore contented himielf with taking a (hip of Seville of 240 tons (which the relator of this voyage mentions as a very large (hip), and two fmall frigates, in which he found letters of advice from Nombre dc Dios, intended to alarm that part of the coaft. Drake, now finding his pinnaces of great ufe, and not having a fuHicient number of failors for all hii vefTcIs, was defirous of deftroying the Swan, the (hip commanded by his brother, that the others might be better manned. This, necefTary a* it was, could not calily be done without di.guding his company; who, having made feveral profperous voyages in thai vcfti would naturally be averfe to her dcflriKfhon. ' Drake knew that nothing but the love of their Indt could animate his followers to encounter fuch hardlhi" as ht was about to expofe them toj and, thrrcfof' rather chofe to bring his defigns topafs by artifice tha'' by authority. He fent for the carpenter of the Swan" took him into his cabin, and, having tirll engaged him to fecrecy, ordered him in the middle of the night to go down into the well, and bore three holes through the bottom, laying fomething againft them that might hinder the bubbhng of the water from being heard To this the carpenter, after fome expoftulation, con. fentcd, and the next night performed his promife. i,, the morning, Auguft the 15th, Drake, goingoutwith hit pinnace a fifhing, rowed up to the Swan ; and having invited his brother 10 partake of hit diverfion' inquired, with a negligent air, why the Swan was (0 deep in the water? Upon which, his brother, btino alarmed, fent down his (Reward to learn the cauir, who returned immediately, with an account that the fliip was leaky, and in danger of finking in a very Jutic time. They had inflantly rccnurfe to the pump ; but having laboured for live hours, and gained very little upon the water, they willingly, according to Urakcs advice, fet the velTcl on fire, and went on board the Pafcha. Finding it now neccflary to lie concealed for fom; time, till the Spaniards (hould forget their danger, and remit their vigilance, they fet fail for the Sound of Darien, and, without approaching the coall, thai their courfe might not be obfcrved, they arrived thcic m fix days. This being a convenient place for their reception, both on account of privacy, it being out of the road of all trade, and as it was well fupplied with wood water, wild-fowl, hogs, deer, and all kind af pro! virions, he flayed here fifteen days, to careen hu vef- fcls, and rcfrefli his men. who worked inteichsngc. ably, on one day the one half, aitd on the next day the other half. On the 5th of Scprcmber, Drake left his brother with the (hip at Darien, and fet out with two fmall ve(rels towards the Kio Grand, which they reached in three davs, and on the pth of the fame month were difcovered by a Spaniard from the land, who believing them to be his countrymen, made a fignal for them to come on (hore. with which they very readily complied; but he, foon finding his miftakc, abandoned his plan.' tation, where they found great plenty of provifions, with which having laden their vefTels, they departed. In the mean time, his brother, Captain John Drake, went, according to the diredioos that had been left him, in fearch of the Synnenms, or fugitive negroes, from whofe alfiflanice they now entertained \topu of complcating the fucccfi of their voyage 1 and, touching upon the main land, by means of the negroes whom they had taken from Ncnnbre de Dioa, engaged two of the Symerons to come on board his (hip, leaving two of hiiown men as holtaoes for their fafe return. Thofe men, having a(rured nim of the atfedlion of ttieir nation, appointed an interview between Uiake and their leaders. Wirh this appointi^ent Drake being made acquainted, he immediately quitted Port Plenty, fo named by the Englifh from the great (tore of pro- vifions they had anulTcd at that place, and came, by the diredkion of the Symerons, into a fecret bay, among beautiful iflands covered with trees, which concealed their (hips from obfervation, and where the channd was fo narrow and rocky that it was impofTibJe to enter it by night ; fo that there was no danger of a fudden furprize. Here they met, and entered into engagements, which common enemies and common daiigcrs preferved from violation. But the firft con. vcrution informed the £ngli(h that their expedations were not immediately to be gratified : for, upon their enquiries after the moft probable means of acquiring gold and filver, the Symerons told them, that had they known K VSkA.. >■*««»* To tlic SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 375 «n fooncr ihc chief end of their expedition, they ' I • fjCly have gratified them ; but that during "" fcafon, which wa« now begun, they could no rainy cover "ot re- tk trcafure, which they had taken from the Spa- '7d» out of the rivers in which they had concealed it. n?ikf' therefore, propoTing to wait in this place till the ns were palH-'d, b-iilt with the adiOance of the Sy- "' J a fort of earth and timber i an !, leaving his whcr'aiw' P''^' "^ ^'' company with the Symcrons, f o'lt "vit'i •'^f*^'^ pinnaces towards Rio dc la Hacha, k«in' of n I'pirit '<"> adlive to lie flill patiently, even in lUti- of pl«"fy *"'' fecurlty, and with the moft pro- hjiilccxpcdations of immenfc riches. In their WW thither, they anchored withip fight of Cirthaiicni without landing, and on the 17th of Odo- ' ,„^|( ,, Spanifli iwrk, with which they entered the harbmii m dif!;uik ; but were foon accolled by a Spanilh rntlfinan wh'im tht-v had fomctimc before taken and ^_l,(^ny: whocoiiiing totheminaboat, as he pre- tended, without the knowledge of the Governor, made them great proinifes of friend (hip, and profefTions of clkcm. But Drake, having waited till next morning ttithDUt receiving the information he had been cncou- laged ti) expert, lound that all this pretended kindnrfs was no more than a ftratagcm to amufc him, while the Gnvcrnor was raifing forces for his dclhuclion. Thi« appeared more clearly on the «oth, when two lri«te«, well armed and manned, came out in the night with a view to furprize the pinnaces, and make prifoncr iif Drake: but thcfc being dilcovered, and their defign frullrated, Drake, when day-light approached, leapt in- trepidiy afliorc lingle, in defiance of their troops, which hovered at a diftance in the woods and on the hills, vithout ever venturing to advance within ;e*ch of the Ihot from the pinnaces. To leap, however, upon tn enemy's cosft, in fight of a fuperior force,*only to fliew how little they were feared, wasan »&. chat in thcfc times would meet with little applaufc : but motives of policy miRht ioSuencc the condudt of Drake, and make that ncaiTary then, which now appears a ridiculous bravado. F.nding the whole country advertifcd of his attempts, andinarmstooppofu him, he might make a feint only of landing to increafe their fears, and encourage their alarms, that they might keep together till he fhould af- fault them in their defertcd polls ; a ihatagem which there a reafon to think he put in prartire, as he conti- nued upon the coait till one of his veflelt had only a gammon of bacon and a fnull quantity of bread on board for fevcnteen men, and till there was on board his own vclFel even a greater fcarcity. But refolution and fuccefs reciprocally produce each other. 'Ihcy had not failed more than three lea{|ucs on their return to their (hips before they, fell in with and att&cked a coafting velTel, which after fonw rcliftance they took, and happily found it laden with excellent provifions. He now determined to return to the Syinerons, with whom, as has been faid, he left his brother, and part of his force; and to attempt, by their ainnancc and direc- tion, to make his way over, and invade the Spaniards in the inland parts, where they would probably never drram oi an enemy. When they arrived at Port Diego, To named from the nrgroe who had procured them their intercourfe with the Symcrons, they found Captain John Drake and one of his company dead, being killed in attempting, al- inol\ unarmed, to board a frigate well providetTwith ail things nccclFary for its defence. The Captain was unwilling to make the attack, and reprefented to his company the madnefs of their propofal ; but, being over-borne by their clamours and importunities, to avoid ihc imputation of cowardice, complied to his dc- firudiun. But this was not the oniv misfortune that befel this little company! for foon after inany of them fell ill uf the calenture, a malignant fever, very frequrnt in the hot climates, which carried oflT amons fcvcral others, Jofeph Drake, another brother of the Commander. While Drake was employed in the recovery of the fick, the Symcrons, who ranged lii: country for intel- ligence, brought him an account thar the Spanith Heet was arrived at Nombre de Dios, the truth of which w:;. confirmed by a pinnace which he fent out to make obfervations. This, therefore, was the time for their journey, when the treafurcs of the American mines were to be tranfportcd from Panama over land, to Nombre de Dios. He, thereferc, by the direction of theSymerons, furnifhed himfelfwith all things necef.* fary; and, on the third of February in the tol' .ng year, fet out from Port Diego. Having lo(* t&f twenty-eight of his company, and being un-i... ^.tr .c ceflity of leaving fomc to guard his fhij^^, nc took • 't'\ him only 18 Englifh and 30 Symerons, who n>/t il/ ferved as guards to (hew the way, but as purveyors tu procure provilions. 1 hey carried with them arrows for war, and arrows for hunting and fowling, thr heads of which are pro- portioned in fize to the game they arc purfuing. For oxen, ftags, or wild boars, they have arrows or javelins with heads weighing a pound and half, which they dif- chargr near hand, and which fc.ircely ever fail of being mortal. Their fecond fort are about half as heavy a* the other, and are generally (hot from their bows; thefc are intended for ftnaltcr bcafts. With the third fort, of which the heads arc an ounce in weight, they kill birds. As this nation is in a (tate which does not fet them above continual cares for the immediate necef- faries of life, he that can temper iron befl is among them moll eftecmed ; and, perhaps, it would be happy for every nation, if honours and applaufcs were as julUy didributed, and he were moll di(tingui(hed whole ta- lents were moft ufeful tofociety. Everyday by fun-rifing they began to march, and having travelled till ten, relied near fome river till twelve ; then travelling again till four, they repofcd all night in huts, or wigwams, which the Symerons had either left (landing in their former marches, or very readily erc(fled for them, by fetting up three or four pods in the ground, and laying poics from one to ano- ther, in the form of a root, which they covered with palmetto boughs and plaintain leaves. In the vallies, where they were (heltered from the winds, they left three or four feet next the ground open ; but, on the hills, where they were more expofed to the chill blafts of the night, they thatched them clofe to the ground, leaving only a door for entrance, and a vent a-top in the middle for the fmokc of the (ire to efcape. In their march, they met not only with plenty of fruits upon the banks of the nvers, but with wild fwinc in abundance, of which the Symerons without diHicuity killed, for the moft part, as many as were wanted. One day, however, they found only an otter, and were about to drefs it; at which Drake exprelGng his wonder, was a(ked by Pedro, the chief Symeron, " Are you a man of war, and in want, and yet doubt whether this be meat that hath blood in it?" For which Drake in private rebuked him, fays the relator ; whether juftly or not, it is not very important to determine; only it fliews the ^^-inius of the times when fuperftition prevailed, and whc -> the greatcft men were not wholly exempt from its influ> cnces. On the third day of their irn ch, and the 6th of February, they came to a town of the Symerons, iitu- atcd on the fide of a hill, and encompalTed with a ditch and a mud wall, to fecure it from any fudden (urprize. Here they lived with great ncatnefs, and in plenty ; and with fomc obfervatbn of religion, paying great rcvc rcncc to the crofs ; a pradlicc which, the relator fays, Drake prevailed upon them to change for the uftof the Lord's Prayer; whicU however, in fo Ihort a ftay, is very unlikely. Indeed, it is added, that here they ftrongl/ importuned Drake to prolong his abode, promifing to double his force; but he, either thinking greater num- bers unncceflary, or fearing that, if any difference (hould arife between them and his ovn men, he (hould be overborne by numbers, he prudently declined their invitation, and their offer of additional aififtance, and that in fuch terms as exprelftd his eagerncfs to engage, and his confidence of fuccefs from ine bravery of his followers. ^-:i.,>. ' ■' ■ The 'i ■ if ixl'l ■ [ *a* J'.' , :•.,> ji ; , h liik It- I .'.a. aP -Ji.' vwm\ mmm I . 'Ml 376 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES m The Syineroiis continued to condud him on his jour- ney, and led him through rur.il lliadcs and lofcy woods, which llicltcrcd his people (o cHciftually from the fun, th.u their njirch wis lefs toilfomc than if they had tra- velleo '■ \ England during the heat of fummer. Four of the Sviiierons that were acquainted with the way, we*. I about a n>ilc before the msin body, and cut off !;, on whofc backs the treafurc is carried, were to fet out. The man was fo v.ell vj'ialificcl for the feri/ice, and fo in- dultrious in the profccution of it, that he foon returned wirh an account, that the trcafurer of Lima, intending tocmbark for Europe, would pafs tlie night following wuh ei^jht mules laden withhold, and one with jewels. that it was their cuftom to travel by night, and to rell >n ihciiny, tq avoid the hcatj and that Venta Cruz was to be thoir firft flagc. On this intelligence, they changed their fituation, and immediately dirc^U'd their march towards Venta i'.ruf, lending, for fecurity, two Symerons, habited as before, to cxamme the way, who, as they palFtd along, perceived, by the fccr)t of a match, that fomc Spaniard was before them ( and ctceping filcntly forward, fur- Errtcd a foidicr allccp upon the ground. They Iwund ira, without offering any other violence, and brought him to Drake, who, upon enquiry, found that their ipy had not deceived ihcm in his intelligence. The foj. (iicr, having informed himfcif of the Captain's name, conceived luchaconfidcncc in hiswcll-known clemency, that, after having made an ample difcnvery of the trea- furc that v/u now at hand, cautioned them likewifc againlt bcmg deceived by the recocs, or carriers, from Norabrc de Dios, who met the others by the way, and who were hourly expci^lcd, with merchandize and pro. vilions, but without any gold. He clofed his exami> nation with an humble petition to Drake, that, when tlicexpcdcd trcafutelhouldfall into his hiUKJj,he would 1 be gracioufly picafed to allow him a.s much of jt would maintain himfelf and his children durincthe *' maindcr of their lives, (ince there would abundant?" more arrive than he and his cotripany could carry aw '' Drake agreed to his rcqueft. upon condition thatT led him to a place of fccrcc_\, where he could conceal his men till the time of action, and where there was danger of the mules paffing by w ithout being perccivcT This the man did, and Drake placed his ambulh nr cordingly. fieforc the time expected, the men were prooerli' w fK«/t or.,1 ;r.(v..,.ii.,.i rt»£»i._» - '^ r "J re- frefhed and intruded. Oxenham was appointed to head the Symerons, afTiftcd by Pedro their leader; an! Drake waito command the linglilh. The parties^ ' then divided ; the Englifli took the right of the wav I front, and the Symerons the left at a fmall dirtanee iU the rear. In this manner they • rre ported, that orr company might be in rcadinels to fcizc thc'hiniimolt mule nt the lame time that the other had feizcd th- forcm. It ; for the mules, it fccms, being tied to'^cthcr travel in a line, and a.c all guided by leading the'lirlf ' Every thing being now as well concerted as huin.in prudence could direcf, and the critical moment of ac. lion foon exptcled, they laid down and covered theiti! fclves in the gra's, at alwiit eighty or niney paitj, Jif* tance from the road, that the noife of their oreatliinir might not be heard by the guard that conveyed the trea- furc. They had not been more than an hour in this fitea. tion, when the bells of tlic nules on the left, comini; from Venta Cruz, began to be heard : but previous ot- deis having been given to meddle only with thofe from Panama, thofe from Venta Cruz were fuftcred to iiafj unmolcfted. Unfortunately, however, it happened that one Robert Pike, being heated with liquor, pre- vailed upon the man that was next him to creep (or. ward with him, in order to be in readinefs to lignalize themfelvcs, by being the firft to feize the mules from Panama. .At that indanr, an oniccr, who accompanied the recoes from Venta Cruz, perceiving white moving in the giaf< (for Drake had ordered all his company to put their (liirts over their clothes, to dill inguilh them in the night), took the alarm, and, from a walk, was obfervcd to piilb his horfe forw ard on a fmart tro. ; and before he had pafied the hindmoll ambufcade, he wu heard to ride along in a full gallop; but neither Drake w ho commanded the Engl I fti, nor Oxenham, who headed* the vSymrrons, being ai>pri'/.ed of the reafon, had any tliought of taking mcafures to interctpt his journey. !t was not, however, long before the recocs from Pa- nama came up, and were eagerly feizcd by the Eni;l:ih in front, anci fecured by the Symerons, as had been agreed upon, in the rear ; but, to their great mortification, thrv found two of them only loaded with filvcr, and thcrelt with provifions, fix of thole from Panama, which car- ried the valuablchurdensof gold ;md jewels, being or< dercd back, and the like number that came iVoin Venta (tuz fent forward in their rcxMn. The drivers were broughr immediately to riic Captain, and examined, who informed him, that a horfeman who met thtm riding m halfc h.td talked with the trcafurer, andad- vifed nim to fend back his gold and jewels, and fulTcr thofe only to priwccd that were now in his [Drakes] power, that he might, by that cheap experiment, dileo. ver whether there was any ambufh in the way. That Drake was not lefs enraged than his lollowcn at this difappomtment cannot be doubted; but there «a» now no time to be fpeiit in complaints. The whole country, he knew, would foon be alarmed, and all the force of the Spaniards afH^mbled to overwhelm him; he had no fortrefs to retire to; every man was in cik. my ; and every road better know n to the Spaniards than to himfelf. This was an nccafion that demanded all the qualities of an hero, an intrepidity never to be Ihaken, and judgment never to be perplexed. He immediately conlidercd aM the circumRanccs of hit prefent lituaiioii, and found that it afforded him only the choice of march- ing back by the fame way through which he dmr, or forcing hit paflage through Venu Cruz. He forcfaw many S '^^ To tlie SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. •im as much of it a, children during the rp ere would abundinl" «ny could arrvawa/ ion condition that he here he amid concca »d where there was no thoutbein-perceivd. 'laced hi:i ambulh ac. men wcrcpropcrlvrc lam Has appointed to cdro their ic,,d,r; an,! 'I'l. . The parties ua ■ the right ot the ttav 11, t at a Timll diQancc i„ "re potted, that or. to 'cize the hinJmoit other had ftizcd tho s. hcmg tied together, i by leading the firll I concerted as human ritical moment of ac ■vn and covered them, ty ornine y paus dif. mc of their oicathi,,,, :hat conveyed the trca- an hour in this fiiua. ;s on the left, coining •ard: but previous o/. : only with thofe from wcrcfuftered to paf, wevcr. it happened, ted with liquor, pre- :xt him to creep (or- readinefs to (ignalizc fcizc the mules trom :er, who accompanied :civing white moving cd all hjj company to s, to didinguilh them id, from a walk, »ai on a fmart tro; ; and, W ambufcadc, he wa^ 3; but neither Drake, ixenham, who headed the rcafon, had any tcrctpt his journey. : the rccocs Irom I'a- rci7wi byiheEn;;l:ih 115, HI had been agreed It mortification, thcv :h filvcr. and thcn-lk Panama, which c«r- nd jewels, being or- hat came from Vent* The drivers were :ain, and examined, man who met theia c trcifurcr, and ad- d jewels, and fuffcr ow in his [Drake's] |) experiment, dilco. in the way. than his lollowcrsat btcdj but there «a» ilaints. The whole larmcd, and all the :o overwhelm himj 7 m.tn was ii; enc- } the Spaniards than M demanded all the ticver to be thakcn, i. He immcdiatdy lit prefcnt lituanuii, he choice of march- which he dmr, or Cruz. He forcfaW mill/ 377 •tdifficuliies in marchingback,berides the hazard of r',ifiirhis fhipsfei/ed before his return; he, therefore, i^jc'inined to pfs forwards to Venta Cruz, before the (iTiv c"'*^ '^"^ prepared to oppofc him. Hcalkcd Pedro IdcaderottheSymerons, whether he was rcfolvcd to follow him? '"id, after having received from hirh the ftronficfl allurance that nothing Ihould fcparate them, ommand(ilhismentoiefrenuhcmfelvcs,andprepareio f forwards. When they came to the gatesof the town, f difmifled the muks they had made ufe of to carry .[^ prize, and continued thrir mirch with as little '^jfjjjpofnble; yet they difcovered that thealarmhad been fprcad' """^ 'he forces of the town haihly drawn to'ciher. to oppofc their entrance. Drake, who was n(!t unacquainted with rhe behaviour of that kind of military, received their hrft onfet, and then breaking in upon them, drove them before him without farther appofition, and was feconded by the Symerons, who ami J nc)t be rell rained from making plunder of the town: but Drake haftened in perfon to rhe Spanifh la- dies and afi'ired them that no injuries Ihould be of- fered w thetn i fo infcparable is humanity from true courage- Having thus broken the fpirits, and fcattered the forces of the Spaniards, he coiumued his march to the Ihips without any apprehenlion of danger, yet with great fpccd, being very felicitous about the flate of the crcw; fo that he allowed his men, haralTcd as they were but little time for lltep or refreihment ; but by kind exhortations, gentle authority, and achearfil par- ticipation of all their hardlhips, previilrd upon them to bear without murmur, not only the toil .)t travelling, bu', on fome days, the pain of hunger. In 'his marcli, he owed much of his expedition to the adiitance of the Svmerons, who, being accufbnied to the climate, and naturally robuft, when any of the EnglilTi fainted by the way, two of them would carry him between them for miles together. Nor was their valour left than their humanity, after they had learned from their Englifh companion§ to dcfpife the fire-arms of the SiMniards. When they were within five leagues of the (hips, ;hey found a town built in their abfence by the Syinerons, at which Drake confented to hair, fending a SynMron to the (hips with his gold toothpick as a token, which, though the malkr know it, was not fiiflicient to gain the melTenger credit, till, upon examination, he found that the Captain, having ordered him to regard no mcf- fsjre without his hand-writing, had engraven his name n[ion it with the point cf hit krtif^; he then iicnt the pinnace up the river, which they met, and afi^rwards fcnt to the town for itrafe whofe wcarincfi had made them unable to march krther. On February the ajdj the whole company wai re- united ; and Drake, whofe good or ill fuccefl' never pre- vailed ov»r his piety, celebrated their meeting with thanks to God. Drake, not yet difcouraged, (bon turned his thoughts to new proie(5ls i and, without languifliing in melan- rholy refleainns upon part mifcarriagcs, employed hiin- felf in formV>g fchcines Ibr /epiiring them. Eager of aflion, and acquainted witli man's nature, he never futfered idlrnefi to infct'.t his foDowcrs with cowardice ; but kept them from finlving under any dif^ppointment, by directing their attention to fomc new entcrprize. Upon confultation with hie owp •-..c-'. and the Sy- merons, he found them divided in their opir '"is j fome (Icclaring, that, before they engaged in any new at- tempt, It was nect ir*ry to increafe their (lores of pro- vttionii andotberiur^in^ that the Ihips, ir» which the Spanilh trcafure was embarked, (hoiild be imntiediately attempted. ThcSyinetMnpropAfed a third plan, and advifed them to unitortake' anorher journey over-land, to the houfe of one PeZAro, near Vcragun, whofc (lave* brought him every day mons ths»n 300 pounds rtcrlinif tr*m the mines, which ho heapi>d together in a ftrong llonohuuflr, that might, by the help of the Engli(h,lx cafily forced. But Urake^ being unwilling to tafigue' No. 46w i his followers with anotherjourney over land, determined to (teer a middle courfe between thcfevariable opinions; and, manning his two pinnaces, the Rear and the Mi- nion, he /ent John Oxenham in the Hear towards Tolii, to fcek pruvifions; and went himfelf in the Minion to the Cabczcs, to endeavour to intercept the treafjrc that was to be tranfportcd from Veragua and thatcoafl-, to the fleet at Nombre de Dios ; firft difmifling with prclcnts thofe Symerons who dcfircd to return to their wives, and ordering thofe that chofe to remain with hint to be kindly entertained. Drake took at the Cabezci a frigate of Veragua, the pilot of which infoiincd hini, that there was in the harbour of Veragua a (hip freighted with more than a million of gold ; to which he ofFcied to conduct him, being well acquainted with the (build- ings, if he might be allowed his fliare of the prize; fo much was his avarice fuperior to his honefty. Drake, after fome deliberation, complying with the pilot's conditions, failed towards the harbour; but had no foonir entered the mouth of it than he heard the re- port of artillery, which was anfwercd by others at a. greater dilhnce; upon which the pilot told them that they were difcovered, this being the (ignal appointed by the Governor to alaftn the coalf. Drake now thought it convenient to return to the (hips, that he might enquire the fuccefs of the other pinnace, which he found with a frigate that (he had taken with twenty-eight fat hogs, soo hens, and a grc4t (tore of maize or Indian corn. The velTel itfelf was ib rtrong and well built, that he fitted it for war, de- tcrnimmg to makca fecond attempt on Nombre de Dios. On March the i i(f, he fct fail with the new frigate and the Bear towards the Cabezes, at which he arrived in little more than two days, and found there one Totu, a frenchman, with a (hip of war. Having fupplicd his fliip with water, and other articles of which he was in want, the Captain delired to join the Admiral in hit new attempt, to which Drake confented, and admitted him toaccompanyhim with aoof his men, (fipulatingto allow them a proportional (hare of whatever booty they (hoiild acquire: yet they were not without fome fuf- picions ot danger from this new ally, he having eighty men, and they oeiiig now reduced to thirty-one. Man- ning, however, the pinnaces, they fet fail ibr Rio Fran- ' cifco, at which place they arrived on the sgrh of March. Here they landed i and, having difmifl'cd their pin- niccs for fear ot difcovery, and ordered them to repair to the fame place on the 4th day following, they began their march through the woods towards Nomtre dc Dios, and continued it with fuch filencc and regularity as (urprizcd the French, >vhodid not imagine the Sy- merons fo difcreet and obedient to commtond as they appeared to be, and were therefore in {Krpeiual anxiety about the fidelity of their guides : nor did the Syme- rons treat the Frenchmen with that fubmlflion and rt- gard which they paid to the Englilh, whofe bravery and conduifl they had already tried. At length, after a la- borious march of more than fevcri leagues, they began to hear the hammers of the carpenters in the bay, it be- ing the curtom in that hot leafon to work in the night, and to reft in theda^i arid, in a (hort tiirtc, thcyp»er-i ceived the approach of the recoes, or droves of mutes, from Panama. They now no longer doubted that their labour would be rewarded, and every man imagined bimfclf fecure from poverty for the remiairtihg part of his lifir ; they, therefore, when the mules camcup, rufhcd out, and feizcd them with an alacrity proportioned td their expedtations. The three droves i onfifled of one hundred and nine muHs, each of v/hich carried 300 pounds weight of lilvcr. It was to little purpofc that the foldiers, ordered to convoy the treafure, attempted refinance. After a Ihoi t combat, in which the Frehch Captain and one of the Symerons were wounded, if appeared with how much greater piiiour i.icn arc ani- mated by interert than fidelity. A» it Wat polTibte for them to carry awny but a fmall part of this treafure, after having weantfd them(elves with hiding it in' the thicken, thrjr dctcnViined 10 rc- 5 C tum tm f Mmm %<\ ■'J\ 1, 1^ i|. Af^h m 1 i'^H IB 1 , ! i«:,|';|;.i;!|| ;|f 'iii 11 Ml I ■'1 1; 1 1 1 .tWl 1 111 378 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES turn by the fame way they came; and, without being purfued, they travcrfed the woods, where the French Captain, being difablcd by his wound, was obliged to ftay, two of his company contmuing with him. When they had gone forward about two leagues, the French- men milFed another of their company, who, upon en- quiry, was known to be intoxicated with wine, and f 't>- pofed to have lod himfeU in the woods by ncglcdling to obferve the guides ; but common prudence not allov;- ing them to hazard the whole company by coa much folicitude for a finglc life, they travelled on towards Kio Francifco, at which they arrived on the 3d of April; and, looking out for their pinnaces, were furprizcd with the fight of feven Spanifh floops, and immediately con- cluded that fomc intelligence of their motions had been carried to Nombre de Dios, and that thcfe veflels had been fitted out to purfue them, which might undoubt- edly have overpowered the pinnaces and their feeble crews. Nur did their fufpicions ftop here; but imme- diately it occurred to them, that their men might be compelled by torture to difcover where their frigate and fliip were Rationed, which being weakly manned, and without the prcfence of the chief Comma-.ider, would fall into their hands almoft wittiout refiftancc, and all poflibility of efcaping be entirely cut tiff. Thefc re- flexions funk the whole ccnnpany intc defpair; and every one, indead of endeavouring to break through the ditiicultics that furroundcd him, religncd himlclf up to his ill fortune; when Drake, whi^ic intrepidity was never to be fliaken, and whofe reafon was never to be furprizcd or embarralfed, rcprcfented to 'hem, that, though the Spaniards ihould have made themfeivvS maf- ters of the pinnace* they might yet be hindered from difcovcring the (hips. He put them in mind, that the pinK-^cc!! vould not be taken, the men examined, their examinations compared, their rcfolutions formed, their vcirds lent out. and otrible, as the «ay lay over high mountains, thick woods, and deep ri- vers: they had not a (ingle txxit in their power, foihat paflTage by water fccmed equally impradicable. Uut Drake dctennincd upon the only means of fuccefs which their cotKlttion atVorded them; and, l. ' -ing hii ntcn to make a raft out of the trees that were then Hoating in the river, oflered himfclf to put out to fea upon it, and chcarfully alVed who would accompany him. John Owen, John Smith, and two Frenchmen, who were willing to (hare his fortune, embarked with him on the raft, which was (itted out with a (ail made of tl.c bifcuit facks in which they had carrie
  • pl:e.i with provilions clfewhere, tl. iiiwe toniinueil to be here, even a: the time ot our leaving it. i'tiidts, fu( h a fiiendJiiip and confidence (ublilltil Ix-twcen us and the irihal)iiants, as could hardly Ix- expe.lul conlequently guaiit it in the night. It may appear txlraordinar/, that wc could not ^et any diUincl account of the time when the Spaniirr'. arrived, the time they llaid, and when thev deinincV The more we made iiuiuiry into this matter, the mor! wc were co.ivinced ot the incapability of pioi't of thefe peopl;; t(» remember, calculate, or note thr tinv when pall events happened, efpecially if lor a Ion,,,' period ilrui. eighteen or twenty months. It ho.io" appeared, from the infcription upon the crofs, aii,| h the iiitormanon of the natives, that two Ihijis c.imc t Ohtitepeha Hay, in 1774, not long after Captain (:„n|j left Maiavai, which was in May the lame yi.ar. fk live liock they lelt here conlilled of one bull, f,,,^. goat.s, V)gs, aud doj;s, and the male of another a'lurtui" whicii we wereattcrwatds intorined was a ram, at thi' time at Colabola. 'J he hogs, heinn large, have alrca/ much impiovtd the breed originally found by us ivJ the illiiul ; and, on our arrival, were very numcioui Cioats are alfo in plenty, there being hardly 1 d,;.!- without them. 'J he dogs that the t^paniards putalljor. arc of two or three forts j had they all been hjiinV i.;Il'-ad ol being Icit upoa the illaiui, it woiilil hjv; been better for the natives. A young ram wo haj fdj a viitim to one of thefe animals. Four Spanianii rcmaineil on lliorc when their (hips left the illand mo of whom were piielts, one a fcivant, and the other v-'as much c.irelled anion • the natives, who dillini;uiih hini by the name ui Maicema. He feim.i to have tj far Ihid.cd iluir l.inguai^e, as to have been aWi- 13 IJRak It ; .invl to have bi-en iiidefari.^ahle in iniircllini; in the miiuls ol ilie Di.iiititcuis ex tited ideas of ||^ gre.itnefs of the Span.ili r.ation, and iiuiucmg I'cm to think meanly ul that of the E;igliih. lie even, if luretl ihem, that we no longer cxi; led as an indcmn- dent nation; iliai I'letanne was but a fmiU ii|^,.,j whi(h iliey had eniiuiy ticllroyed; and ;\s to (ai-fi.n Cook, they had met \.;in him at lea, and wr.h a lo» liiut hiA lent tiis Ihip, and every foul in her td c^ lx>ttom, lo that his viiitirg Oiaheite was, ol (.omj; ,( this time, very unerp-.M^d. NLuiy other impiJlu. bilities Were pnip4ga!;d liy this .Spiiuard, and UIuk-J by the inhal.iiaius ; Init llip.tain Ci>ok's rctarnm'to Otaheitewas conrulind as .\ complete tilutaiion dj jl| that Maieema fiad advanced. With what viewj ihc pricHs remained cann;:t eatily be conceived. If it «« their iiitciKion to convert the natives to the caih^o la th, they certainly have not luccecdcd in a lingk m. llance. It dois not appear, indetd, that they ever attempted it; tor the nati'.es fay, they nevtr coiiveifcd with, them, eiilicr on this or any other liib,ce{. 'Inc prittls relidcd the whole time at Ohcitcpeha; hut Mi. tccma roved about continually, viliting many pans of the illaiid. Alter he and his companions li.i,» ii.i.J [^t\ iiiomhs, two ihips arriving at -Otahcit-; tivk tluin aboaid, anJ laikd in live days. Whatever dcii^ri tnc Spaniards might have had u|Kin this illand, tiicir h.ii'y oepaituie iiuwii they have now laid it alide. Tkj cndtavwired to make the natives believe, that the) in. tended to return, and W();ild bung with them hnuU?, ail kuula ol aniiiiala, and men and women who wiic ij Uttlc on the iibiid. Oioo, when he mentioned tins 10 Capuiii (.;uok, added, that it the .Spaniards IliouM rciuiii, he would not permit them to eimr Mativ.ii loit, which, he laid, was ouf. flic ide.iplcaled liiiii; but he liid not coniider that an attempt to tiiiipkiiii would deprive hiin of hn kingdom, ai\d his jicoplcoi their libtriy. 1 hough tiiia (liews how ealily a lii.'lc- meiit might b<; cfleiied at Oiahtite, it is Ii(i|K(1 tlui luch an t \eiii might never take place. Our oecalioiul viiits may have In en ol lei vice to its inhabitants, bi.t (conlUeiing how moll K iropean elfabiillmients aiiwiy Indian nations are conducted) peimancnt letilciiicii at thii illand would, probably, give them jull caule j Ument mat our lliipu had ever dilcovered it. iriJrcd, a iiicaluie ol this kind can hardly ever be llrioully thought of, as it can neither anfwer the piirpofciol ]iublic ambition, nor ol private avarice. We have already oblervcd, that Captain (iook received u vilit lioin one ol the two natives of thu iliand who had been taken to I. una by the .Spinianl-. Ic u loiiuwlul rcinark^iblc that wc never liiw him altcrwaiJs, I IP COOK.'s THIRD and LAST VOYAGE^To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 497 Wc were received by the natives of Eimco with every mark of hofpitality, great numbers of whom came aboard the (hips, but from mere motives of curiofity, for they brought nothing with them for the purpofes of barter. On Wednefday the ift of Oiflober, our live ftock was landed, our carpcncas fcnt out to cut wood, and our purveyors to coUcdt hogs. Here we found Omiah, who, on his arrival, had been diverting himfclf and the natives with his feats of arms, and had raifcd their curiofity to a very high degree, by acquainting ihem with our intention of paying them a vilit, as no Euro- pean (hip had ever anchored at their ifland before. The next day, being the and, fcvcral canoes arrived, ftom diftant pans, bringing with them a copious fup- ply of bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, and a few hogs, which were exchanged for beads, nails, and hatchets ; red fea- thers being not fo much demanded here as at Otahcite. This day, in the morning, Captain Cook received a vifit from Maheine, the chief of the ifland. He ap. proachcd the (hip with as ^reat caution and delibcra- tion, as if he apprehended mifchief from us, knowing us to be friends of the Otaheiteans ; for thcfc people have no idea that wc can be in friendfliip with any one, without adopting his c:iufc againll his enemies. This ch:cf was accompanied by his wife, who, we are t )ld, is fiftcr to Oaino, ot Otahcite, whofe death we heard of while wc remained at this ifland. Cap- tain Cook made them prefcnts of fuch articles as Teemed moft to ftrike their fancy j and after ftuyii.g about half an hour, they went on Ihorc ; foon after they returned with a large hog, prefenting it as a return for the Captain's fltvour ; but he made them an additional gift to the uili value of it; after which they went on bo.ird the Dil'covcry to viiit Captain Clcrke. Maheine^ fu|>poritJ with .1 few adherents, has made hiniUlf, in l.iiiic dc^iec, iiidtpcndcni of Otah;;ite. He is between iurty and fifty yens i.'f age, and is bald-headed, a cir- cumflaiue r.itlicr uncommon, in thcfe iflinds, at that age. lit fte:nod aflnmed ot fliowing his hciht, and wore a kind of tur!i.m to conceal it. Whether they c mlidered this deliLiency of hair difgraceful, or whe- ther thty fuppofcd ne conlidcred it in that light, is not Illy to determine ; the latter, however, appears the mod probable, from the circumliame of their h.iving ftcii us fliuve the head of one of the natives, w horn wc dctickd ftcaling. They n.iturally concluded, there- fore, that this was a kind of piiiulhment inHided by us upon all thieves ; and fome of our gentlcnun, whofc heads were but thinly covered with hair, were violently fulpected by them ol being tctos. Towardi the even- ing, Captain Cook and Oiniah mounted on horfcback, and rode along the Ihorc. Omiah having fcn-bid the natives to follow us, our train was not very numerous} the fear of giving oflencc having got the better of their curiofity. The fleet of Towha had been Ihtioned in tills harbour, and though the war was but of (hort du- ration, the marks of its devaftalion were very numerous and every where confpicuous. The trees had loll all thiir fruit, and the houfes in the neighbourhood had hein biiint, or othcrwifc deflroycd. On Monday the 6th, «c hauled the (hip off into the flreani, intending to put to ("ca the next day, but the following difagreeable incident prevented it. We had, in the morning, fent our goats alliore to graze J and, in the evening, the natives contrived to (leal one of them, norwithflanding two men had been appointed to look alter them. This ".'..is a conftderable lofs, as it inter- fered wKii the C.iptain's views of flocking other illands with thole animals : he, therefore, was determined, if pollible, to recover it. On the 7th, wc rc^'civcd intel- lijjeiice, that it had been conveyed to Maheine, who was, at that time, at Parowroah h.vbour. Two elderly men otVercd their (ervices to condud any of our people t>) hiin, in order to bring back the goat. ThcCaptain» therefore, difpatehed fomc of our people in a boat, tiiarged with a iiieirige U> that chici, and inliftcd on both thegeuc and the thiefbeiiig immediately given up. M.iluine had, only the day befoie, rotiueded the Com- inudorc to gi , e hiiu i^o u.)au ; but, as there were none « K. of jftfr*ards, Ipceiall/ as the Captain received him jjliuncoininpn civihty. It was fuppofed that Omiah, fmm motives of jcaloufy, had kept him from the Ciptain, he bung a traveller, who, in fome degree, niiaht vie witli mmfelf. Our touching at Tenerilfe was lucky circuniitaiKC for Omiah, who prided himfelf in hjving vifucd a place belonging to Spain, as well this man. Captain Gierke, who had leen the other ttivcller, fpoke of him sis a low fellow, a little out of hiifcnfcsi *"d hit own countrymen entertained the Umt opinion of him. In (hort, thofe two adventurers fctmed to be held in little or no cfteem. They had not been I" fortunate, it is true, as to return home with luch valuSble property as had been beflowtd upon Omiah, whofe advanuges arc fo great from having wn at England, that if he fliould fink into his original lliie of indolence, he has only himfclf to blame (or it j ind we *^^ inclined to think this will be the confe- aucnceof his indifcrect behaviour. Some time before, Xr Cap!>>n> his unchangeable friend and patron, had _ujc up » '"'t "' ^^olouts for him, but he conlidcred rtitm a» t"" valuable to be ufed at this time, and ihtrclore patched up a pared of flags and pendants, to the nim.bcr ol ten or a do/.; n, which he fprcad on di(- fercnt P'>"* "f ^^'^ canoe. I'his, as might be expected, drc* a great ninuber of people to look at her. He h.id toiiipli''-'y (locked himftlf with cloth and cotoa nut oil whiih are better and more plentiful at Otaheitc than »t a:iy <'l the Society Illes, infomuch, that they irc tonlidcrrd as articles of tiaJe. Omiah wouli! not have behaved fo inconliflcntly as he d-'t in many in- (linccs, had it not been for his filler and brotlier-in- Ijtt- ulio, together with a few felecl comp.inions, trn'rolll'l liiiii to themfelvcs, in order to fliip him ol «ver> .triielc he poflclTed : and they would certainly hivi- fiiicecdcd, if Captain Cook had not taken the molt ulcu.l articles of his property into his iwlilllion. However, Oniiah would not have been fi\-ii from nim, il the O'ptain had permitted ihefe relations and fneKlsol '!'■* •" ''*v<^ accompanied him to hii intended pUee ol feliUnient at Huaheino. This, indeed, was ihcir Kuciitu 11, but our Commodore difappointcd then (jriher VII Hi (if plunder, by forLiidding them to .ippear at Uiwlieint. while he continued at the Society idaiuls, iixi tiuy knew hiiu well enough not to comply. On 1 iK Id ly, the joth, having failed from Otahcite, ire eontinucd our courfc under double reefed top- {iili, and Itocd for the north end o( the ifl.md ol £in>eo. Oniiah, in his canoe, arrived there beloie u.., anJ cmkavoiirtd, by taking fomc nccelfary meauircs, to ihew us the beft anchoring place. We were not, hoMwer, without pilots, having fcveral natives ot Otalieiie 011 txwrd, and among them not a few women. Unwilling ti> rel> wholly on thcfe guides, two boats were fini tocx.miinc the hatbour, when, obferving the fignal iiLulc for fafe anchorajjc, we ftood in with Iwth the lliips dole up to the head of the inlet, where we call anchor in ten fathoms water, over a bottom of fofi mud, and inomed with a hawfer faft to the fliore. The name of this harbour is Taloo. It is fituated on the nonh fide nf the ifland, and in the diflricl of Ohoo- nohou,or Poonohon, and runs above two miles between the hills, S or S. by E. It is not inferior to any har- bour that wc have met with in this ocean, both for fe- curity and ^Dodnefs of bottom. It hai alio tins lingu- iar advantage, that a fliip can fail in and out with tiie rti(;ninfj trade wind. Several rivers fall into it, oncol which is fo cunfulcrablc, as to admit boita a fluarti-rof a mile up, where the water is perfedly lielh. The banks, on the (ides of this ftream, are covered with what the natives call the Pooroo-tiec, on which they fet no value, as it fervcs only fur firing : fo :!i it wood and water may be procured here with great (a ciliiy. The harbour of Parowroah, on the fame lide of the ifland, ii about two miles to the euflward, and is much larger within than that of Taloo ; but the open- ing inShe reef lies to leeward of the harbour, and is confidcrably n.irrowcr. There arc two or three more hatbnura on the fouth fide of the ifland, but they are fol Id conlidKfablc ai thofc we have alicady iiuiuioned. No. 61. h!,':M .p|.;i ■hi' j'l*' 'V Ill ' f-' IF fi W HHl»v I ;;l! !. mh :if !?"'l, L(.f"J)- ill ' Vi 4i^ Ca^jt.C O O K • s V OY A G ES' COMFLEtE. " "' '" '• — — ii..' .. ..- T u ir va of thcfc anima|s at fomc other iflands, he TtfdM to gratify him. Willing, however, to oblige him m tms particular, he dcfire^ an OtaTicitc chief, then prefeitt, to rcqueft of Otoo, in his name, to cortvcy (W6 goats/ to Mahcine, and to cnfure his compliance, fcnt him, by the Tame chief, a quantity of red feather*, equal in value to the two goats that were required. The Corti- njotlorc expc(ttcd that Maheinc^ and all fign : we Wefe confirmed in this dpinion, by obfervmg, that all their houfes were empty. Atter having coii le£\ed a few t)f the natives together, Omiah waidirccttd to expoilulate with them on the abfurdity ot their con- dud, and to let them know, wc had received luHicKnt information that the goat was in their polldliuni and that. If it was not without dcl.iy delivered up, we Ihould burn ill their hbufes and canoes ; yet, notwithitandint this cxpoftulation, they pfcrftfted in their denial ol hav. ing any knowledge of it : in confequcncc of whicFi »< fet Hre to eight of their houfes, and three war canoct^ ;ill which were prefentiv confumed. We afterwirdi inarched oR* tb join the twats. at that time eight mild from us: and, in our rout, burnt itx other war canot^ without anv oppofition ; on the contrary, many ol tM natives afllltetl u«, ptrhaps, niore from tear than mf other motive. Omiah, who Was at Ibme diflancc be. tore us, cin^lebirlix^ith informatio.i, that a number df men were afJtirtblcd h) »ttac* ui. Wc prepared to receive them ; tmV, irtftciJ of eneiViits, they were potii lioners, with phkntiSi'i trt*s in their hands, whieh ih*^ laid down befuHc us, emttnting the Commodi)it ik fpare a canoe thit lay upoA the foot, which he readily complied with. AtMut four oViock in the afternoon, We arrived at Wharrarade, where but- boats were ww* ihg for lis. TWj diftrid* belongs to T»araiaboonou»J but this chitf, to^ctheir whi, the other principal p«>plk of the place, had iiM to the hiMs ; though «e niadc nft attack on thtir bfd^jcrty.rttty bci.^in atnity withOiaR Here we retfrilhedibo'ui tH\ hour, in order to rtlt u-To the I'ACiFIG OCEAN* &c. 499 j^lji^d- they knew nothing about it; bnt, fromthc meffiirfe deli*ereil to the chief in the mor ninir, he pet- ((iVeJi that the C^tain wa» not ts be inAed wuh. thu* ended this treubleibnM^ and unfortunate buflnoTii, fqually to be regretted by rSe nntK.i«»t«>; which^ perhaps^ w«»e g^ injiHWua to thorn., than Towha'» expedition. In jBi aj tor indance, a hog oi i^ weight, for twelve re«* JJatheM, and ft> ii> propor- tion. But ihi* bitnuUhl iniereourle waa famt changed 10 I ffl«i« ef defoUtieny that no injury we received lioni the pilfering difpofttiaR of the inhabitants could iultifv. !''« pttn*'' ''*'* brought us every thing thcw jg^ilftiided, and had left it to the generoiiiy ot the purchafc" to give, in return, whatever they pleated : bHUiifenuiiaKly a goat fiom our live nock was milling. |{ kid been iecretly coiMrycd away trt the night, trom thl MftuK* in which iJiey were placed to Jeed, noi- vMhtUflding the vigilanc* of the guard appointed to |«oli after them. With the toft of this animal« nodoubc I (treat priie to the thief, the Earee of the illand was iwdeacjjuainted by Captain Cook, and a peremptory f^tuion made to have k reftorcJ. on pain of having hij country laid wafte, hi« ftiipping dcllioyed, and him- fclf [jerfonaJly pufiillied for the crime of his fubject. The king proinifed hit afliiUnce, and required time for enquiry j bill, as foon at he was fet at liberty, he ab- (bonded, and was no more leen. The goat being Uill milling, and no mtaiuufcd for recovering and rctturing it, a party from both thipt, with the marinet in a body, were ordered o«M, to carry the threats of our cotnmander into execution. For three days, fuccef- fivcly, they continued ihcir dcvatbtionsi, burning and dciUoying ■ioo of the beft houfcs of the inhabitants, tnd ti niany of their large war canoes i at the fame iimc, cutting down their fruit trees, and dcftroytng iheir pUmaiiont. The natives who lived at a dillancc, heuing ot the hafock that wu made near the bay, tilled their canoes with Hones and funk them, with a view to their preiervaiiont but that availed them nothing! tor the Captain ordered boat* to be manned and armed ; ihc csnoes that were funk to be weighed up and dc- ftroytdt in thort, a general defolation to be carried through the whole ifland, fhould the goat be l^ill with- held. Add to this, that two young natives of quality being found on board our Ihip. were made priluners, anil toM they were to be put to death, if the goat thould not be reilorcd within a certain lime, ihc youths preUftcd iheir own innocence, and difclaintcd all knowledge of the guilty perfons i notwithtUnding which, every preparation wa« apparently made for putting them both to death. Lorgc ropes were carried upon the main deck, and made Am fore and aft i axes, chains, &c. were placed upon the quarter deck, in fight of the young men, whoT* terrors were iticreafcd by the information of pntiaht who gave prcfTion upon them » for they continued their good oitices as tone as we remained in the Society illes." On Saturtky the i ith, oar intercourfc with the na- tives was renewed; ftreral canoes bringing bread fruia and cocooanuts to the thips ; whence our Commanded concluded, they were confcious of having merited ths treatment they had received ; and that the caufe ot hia dif[)loafurc being now removed, they apprehended no (Virther mifchief. Being now about to take our depar- ture from Eintso, we (hall firft jufl remark, that there is very little difference between the produce of thii itland* and that of Otahcite ; but the diticrencc in their wo« men is remarkable. Thofe of Eimco have a dark huoi are low in fiature, and have forbidding features. Wa would obferve farther, the appearance of Liineo bean not the leatt rcfcmblance to that of Otahcite. Tha latter being a hilly country, has little low land, except lome deep valleys, and a Hat border that alnioU fur- rounds It near the lea. Eimeo has ftecp rugged hills, running in dilfcrcnt directions, leaving large valleys, and gently riling grounds about their titles. The hills, though rocky, are generally covered with trees ulmoft to the tops. At the bottom of the harbour of 1 aluo, the ground generally riles to the foot of the hills: but the Hat bonkr on the iide^, becomes quite Hccp at a finall dillance from the fea. This producer a prufpect fuperior to any thing we faw at Otaheite. In the low grounds, the foil is a yellowilh (liH' mould; on the lower hills it it blacker, and more lonte ; and the llonc which compofes the hills, is of a bluilh colour, inter- fpcrfed with fomc particles of glimmer. Near the pkKe where our Ihips were llationed, are two large Hones, concernirtg which tome fuperllitious notions arc entertained by the natives. They contidcr them as brother and filler; thai they are Eatooas. or divinities; and that they caiiK from Ulictca, by forae fupcrnatural means. Having procured, at this ifland, a large cniantity of fire-wood, an article we could not fupply ourfclvcs with at Matavai, there being not a tree but what is ufeful to the inhabitants, and likewife a number of hogs, bread- fruit, and cocoa-nuts, at nine o'clock A. M. we weighed, having a fine breeze down the harbour ; but it was fo faint and variable, that we were not out at lea before noon, at which time we direiited our courfe to Huaheine^ Umiah having prcvioufly fee fail before us. In the night, the weather being hazy, he loft light of the Ibip and tired his gun, which was anfwered by the Refolu> lion. On Sunday the i2ih, we came in light of Hut- hrinr, and, at noon, anchored at the northern entrance ot Owharre Harbour, Htiiatcd on the weft tide of the illand. Omiah, in his canoe, entered the harbour juft before us, but did not land -, and though many of hit countrynMn crowded to fee him, he did not cake muchi notice of them. Greet numbers alfo came off to the (hips, infomuch that we were greatly incommoded by them. Our palfen^rs immediately informed them of our tranfaetions ot Eimeo, multiplying, by ten at lealt, the number of canoes and houlcs that we had ddlroyed. Captain Cook was not much difpleafed at their givinl; thi3 exaggerated account, as he found that it made a conliderabic imprrlTlon upon all who heard it ; (o that he had hopes it would induce the natives of this 'ilaiid (o treat hnn in a better manner than they had c* jc ill hit former vitit. The next morning, which w«« tht I Jtb, ail the prinoipai people of the ifland came to out Oiipt. This waa juft what our GotTHnedore withed, as it was now high time to (tu\t Umiah, and he tup- noTci that the pttfcnct of thefe chiefs would enable hitn to dikOi it in a fatiifaOory manner. But Omiak OMV fecmcd inclined to cflablifli hiintelf at Ulicteas «y M he Mid Gepnta CmIi could bavt agreed with * refpeia ■ ■'■•'■ I '• IrJ Jl ' 1 . ■ ''{ '1* ^- )': i\: r' if. ll 1'* :'!!■•■ ■:l S"^' Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. rcrjxft to the mode of acconiplifliing that defign, the latter would have confcntcd to adopt it. His father had been deprived by the inhabitants of Bolabola. when they fubducd Ulictea, of fomc land in thai ifland ; and the Captain hoped he (hould be able to get it reftorcd to the fon without difficulty. For this purpofe, it was neceffary that Omiah (hould be upon friendly terms with thofc who had become mailers of the ifland i but .e would not lillcn to any fuch pro- pofal, and was vain enough to imagine that the Cap- tain would nuke ufc of force to remftate him in his fortciicd lands. This prepoflTcflion preventing his being tixed at Ulietea. the Captain began to confidcr Huahcinc a3 the more proper place, and therefore de- termined to aval" himfclf of the prefcncc of the chid men of that illand, and propofc theatfair to them. The Ihips Mere no Icfs crowded with hogs, than with chiefs, the former being poured in upon us faftcr than the butchers and falters could difpatch ihero. Indeed, for icvcral days alter our arrival, fomc hun- dreds, great and huall, were brought on board -, and, if any were reiuft \, ihcv were thrown into the boats, and left behind. Breid-fruit, bananoes, plantains, cocoa- nuts, and yams, v,ae brought in the fame plentiful proportions, -and purchaiVd for trifles. At Otahcitc we had heard, that our old friend Orce was no longer thcchiet ot lluaheine, and that at this time he rclidcd at Ulutca. Indeed he never had been more than Kgeiu during: the minority of Taireetarcca, the prcltnt Earcc rahic ; but he did not give up the regency till he was com()eiled thereunto. His two fons, Opoony and To*ha, were the iirft who p^id us a vilir, coming on board iKfore inc fliip was well in the harbour, and bringing with them a prelent ; for which they received, in return, red feathers, iN:c. Red feathers arc here, as at Otahcitc, a very remarkable commodity, with which the fcamcn made purcliafts of cloth, and other manu- factuies of tlic illand: thofc who were followed by their miircs fiom Otahcitc, kept feparatc tables lor them, at a fmall cxpcncc ; while the milfc-s catered and cooked for their mates, who feaftcd every day on baibi- cued pigs, Hewed Jowls, roaltcd bread-fruit, and a variety ot other delicacies, purchafcd by the ladies for the mercll tntics. Among our forcmalUmcn were many w!i<) laid in ft >ic ol ihefe good things for their fu|>pi>rt, in cafe of bcinj; reduced to Ihort allowance ; and iliev had realon, afterwards, toconfoic themfclvcs on their provident care. The Ca}>taiii now, after the hurry of butinefs in the ;»orning was over, prepaied to snake a vifit in form to Taireetarcca, the Larce rahic, or prelent reigning king of the ((land. Oniiah, who was to accompany him, drcUed himfelf very properly on the occalton, and pro- vided a lianiifonic prelent tor the chiet himktf, and another loi his Latcx>a. ihcir landing drew moll ot the vilitors from the (liips, who, with many others, aliemblcd in a laigc houie. The concourfc of |Koplc became vciy great, the major part of whom Iccmtd tluuter and taircr than thole ol Otahcitc; and the number of men who appeared to be ot confequencc was alio much greater, in proportion to the extent of the illand. 1 he Captain waited fomc rime for the king! but when he appeared, wc found his prefcncc might have been difpenled with, as his age did not exceed ten years. Omiah, who ftood at a little dillancc from the circle of great men, began with making his oliering to the gods, which conlifted of cloth, red feathers, 6i.c. Another oliering (ucceeded, which was to be yivcn to the gotis by the young chief; and alter that, fiveral other tufts of red feathers were prefcnted. The ditrcrent articles were 'iwi before a prieil, being each of them delivered with a kiiul of prayer, which was fiK'Vcn by one of Omiah's friends, though in a great mcafi'iC ditilatcd by himfclf. In thefc orations he did not forget his friends in England, nor thofc who had conducted him fafc back to his native country. 1'he Earec rahic noPrctannc, the Earl of Sandwich, I'oote (Captain Cooke), Tatec (Captain CIcrkc), were men- tioned in every one of them. Thcfe offerings and prayers being ended, the pricll took each of the anidcs in order, and, after repeating a concluding praytf fent every one of them to the Morai. After the Lfl formance of thcfe religious rites, Omiah feaicd himfclf by the Captain, who beftowed a prefent on the youn^ prince, and received another in return. Some tt rangcments were next agreed upon, relative to the modj of carrying on the intercoiirfe between us and thj natives i to whom the Captain pointed out the mif. chicvoui confcqucnces that would attend their plun. deringus, as on former occaliont. The eftabliftmcnt of Omiah was then propofcd to this alTembly of chiefj They were informed, that we had conveyed him into England, where he waa well received by the crtat King of Pretannc, and his Earees ; and had been treated, during his whole ftay, with all the marks of regard and alteiflion ; that he had been brought bjck again, and enriched with a variety of articles, which it was hoped, would be highly beneficial to his couiu trymen j and that, bcGdea the two horfcs which wtrt to continue with him, many other new and ufeful ani. mats had been left at Otahcitc, which would fperdil? multiply, and furnith a fufficient number for the ufc of all the neighbouring iflands. The Captain then eavc them to underfland, it wai his earned requeil that ihc» would give his friend, Omiah, a piece of land, upon which he might build a houfe, and raife proviljons fct himfclf and family ; adding, that if he could not obtain this at lluaheine, either by donation or purchafc, he was refolvcd to carrv hiin to Ulictea, and fettle him there. Wc obfcrvcci that this conclufion fecmtd to gain the approbation ot all the chieft; and the rcafon was not Icfs obvious. Omiah had vainly flactcrol himfelf, that the Captain would uft force in rtftoring him to his father's p<>ireinons> in Ulietea ; and he hjj talked at random, on this fubject, among fome chiefs at this meeting, who now exjwclcd that they (hould be alTilUd by us in an invalion of Ulietea, and dnv. ing the Bolabolans out of that ifland. It being proper therefore, that they fliould be undeceived in thii ptr'. ticular, the Gspialn, with this view, lignificd to them in the moft decilive manner, that he would neiihef give them any atTithnce in fuch an entcrprize, nor even lufltr it to be put in excrution, while he remained in their feas ; anil thar, if Omiah eftabliflied himlell m Ulictea, he Ihould be introduced as a friend, and not forced upon the people of Bolabola as their conqueror. This peremptory declaration ftnmcdiaiely gave a new turn to the fcntimenti of the council; oneof ahom cxprcflld himfclf to thisetfed: that the whole ifimd ot Huahcinc, and whatever It contained, were Captain Cook's, and therefore he might difpofe of what pomon he pleafed to hii friend : but, though Omiah Teemed much pleafed at hearing this, to make an oiler of what It would be improper to accept, the ljo:ain conlidcred as otfering nothing: he for this mfon dcflred them to mark out the prticular fpor, and like- wife the exad quantity of land, which they intended to grant (or the fettlcmcnt. Upon this, fome chitfi, who had retired from thcafTcmbly, were fent (ot; and, after a fljort confuttation, the Commodore's requell was uiMnimoufly complied with, and the ground m- mediately fixed upon, adjoining to the houle where the prefent meeting was held. It extended along the Ihort of the harbour, about soo yards i its depth, to the bottom of the hill, was (bmewhat more; and a pro- portionable part of the hill was comprehended in the grant. This aftair being fettled, on Saturday, the i8th, i tent was pitched on ftiore, a port cftabliftiej, and the obfervatorics credttd. As this was one of the molt plentiful of the Stxriety Ifles, it was propofed to mike (bme (tay hcie, in order to careen the fliips, and toiay in proviflon* for future ufc This wu the more ne- cefTary, as we were to fail to counirits wholly unknown, where it was uncertain what accommodations we might RKct with, or to w hat difticulties we might be fubjecl, The bcdi and furniture of every kind were therefore unladen, and every crevice of the fliips examined, fcraped, wafhcd with vinegar, and fmokcd. While thii Uft o|>Gnuian wai pcriorming, the lower pert-holes were 'iWL ..*';», o.* ng a concluding pravf, .eMorai. Af.ef ,K ' itci, Ornish featcdhimfcf 'cdaprcfentontheyouJ T in return. Some ar upon relative to the mode irfc betwien us and ,hj am pointed out the mif. would attend their p1m„. lions ThecftabliftU tothi.alTemblyofchitF, chad conveyed him into" ll_rcce.ved bv the gr^t 1 Earces ; and had been ay with ail thcmarkiof w had been brought back '•"«y °[ ?7icle,. which, •iy beneficial tohijcoun. le two horfes which »tre other new and ufcful ani. ite, which would fpcfdii, lent number for the ufe of The Captain then mv. acarneftrequeft that the, h, apieceofland.upoi le. and raifc provilions fot that If he could not obtain donation or purchafc he o Uhctea. and fettle hjn, hti conclufion fecmed to hechiefj; and the reafcn iiah had vainly flattered uld uft force in rcftorine S mUhetcai andhchaj Jject. among fome chief, xjneclcd that they (hould ion of Ulietea, and dnv. tifland. It being proper C undeceived in thii par » view, lignificd to them r, that he would neither' :h an enterprise, nor even •n, while he remained in ih eftablifhed himfcit m iced as a friend, and not labola aj their conqueror. ftnmcd lately gave a new e council ; one of whom a: that the whole ifiand contained, were Captain It difpofe of what portion t. though Omiah teemed «, to make an otter of to accept, the (jpain i»g ! he for this rtafon particular fpor, and like- 1, which they intended to Upon this, feme chicf«, nbly, werefcntfor; and. le Commodore's requell ith, and the ground m- ig to the houle where the extended along the (horc ■ards I iti depth, to ihc cwhat more ; and a pro- at comprehended in the n Saturday, the i8ih, a port eftabhlhed. and the iia was one of the moli it was propofed to mikc een the fhips, and to lay This was the more nc luntriis wholly unknown, commodations we might ties we might be fubjcA tetj kind were therefore of the (hips examined, ■, and fmokcd. While ling, the lower pon-holes were tOOK-'s THIRD and LA . f VOYAC.E— To the- PACIF/G t CF-AN, ,Vc. wcri; left rfpcn, for the rats to iii;ikc their cfcapc; m (liirt a thoroiyli revilioii wm directed to be iiiaJc ol every thing on board, ;is well to clcanfc the furnitiui, fior.) vcrinin, as to remove the danger of iiiio tion / I, natfid air, generated by a perpetual fucccdion of mulutuilis of people, between decks, ever lintc our arrival at Ot.ihcite. The lick were, at the time nine, lindcd for the benefit of the air, and every means ufeti recover, and to prcfervc them in health when re- covered. Among the Tick was tiaptain Cook hiiufelf, for ttlwfc recovery the crews of both Hups were under much concern, as the fucceii of the voyage was ihoualu in a great meafurc to depend upon his care j^j conduit. By the doctor's advice, he was prevailed BDon 10 llcep o" fliorc; where he was alliduoully at- tended, night and day, by the furgeons of both lhip:i, who watclicJ with huii alternately, till he was out ol danger. As foon as he was able, he rode out eveiy day with Omiali on horfcback, followed by the natives, Yilo, attracted by the novelty of the light, lloi.ked Irum ihc fcmotell parts of the illaiid to be fpeciators. We alfo during our Hay in this harbour, carried the bread „n lliorc to clear it of vermin. The number of cock- loachcs that infefled the Hiip at this time is aliiiolt iiicrcJiWc. 'yr.? damage we fulbined by them was very tonlidcrable J and e^ery attcdipt to deltioy then proved Iruitlcfs. If any kind of loo J waa cxj)oi"eiJ lor , few niinuica, it was covered with ihtfc noxious i.Tfi.ts, who focn picitcd it full of hoUs, To that it itl'imbied • honeycomb. They proved paitieulmly deflfuclivc 10 birdi which hawl been lluflal loi euri- fliitics, and were (o loud of ink, that iluy eat out the writing on the labels fartcncd to diU'ereiit articles; and ilif only thing that prelerved bonks iiom their uva^cs, was the clofencfs of their binding, wliieh pre- ventui thcl'e voracious dcllroycrs from inlimi.iuiij; ihciiilclvcs bctttcin the leaves. AeeojJing to Nli. AnJcrfon, thty were of two forts, the A'.;//,/ tr/tv;/,,//;, and iiviM.j. The former had been cairii.d home ;ii the Kcfulutinn, in her lall voyage, where they wiiliiii:(;d the llvcrily of the winier, in lyjO, tliough ihe w.u lu (!o.k all tho time. The latter h.id t>nly maile >lieii appe.ir.tnce liiice our leaving Ke.v Zealand; hue had iiktcaiid lo fall, that they now got even into our rig- ging; fo tiiat when a fail was hiofened thoufaiids ol ihiin fell upon the decks. Ihough the oiicri:.t!ij weie iii infinite numbers, thi'y feldoni came (JUt but in the rij^ht, when ihey made a particular noile in crawling; about: and, belides their dilagreeable appeaiaiKe, they did great mifchief to our bread, mIikIi daiiity fitders would have ill-rclilhed, being lb belpaitiie.i with their exiicmcnt. The var()entcrs and caulkers had no fooner com. pitted jrlnilinefs on board, than thle)'.s ob- ieivatoiy, and carry olf a lextanr. unol)Urved. liaj)- i.iin o,it Wiu no looiui i.i;,)imcd ul this tiult, than he went all. »ie, and deliied Oni.ah to apply to ihechiels, lU procure ic.iituiion. lie atxordingiy made :i,)pli- "^at.on to ihiiii. but th.y lo.k no lUj-.s towauis re- Li.veiiiiy the luilium-iit, b, iiig nune .uuni.ve lo :i hcevi. tl.it was tlui! •.xhibiiiiig. iiiltheCapMmiirJii.il iiu- pe:ui;iiuis to oui.i. iltin^^ now conunccil iic waa in t.'iic.i, they lu^>,an to m.il,e |. nic .noihi;, altec- M.e dtiiiiLjutiu, wr.j was lictm,; m the nmiil ui iWcm, A.iiilu'.u maiks (.; unccnccrn, that the Ciprain was in i',r,a. anht o: i. i bcin...; (;i, Ity, particuiaily .is Uo de.i.i.i a. t)miali aimring tinn tUn .a:, liie j . ;, f.e wui u.it on boaiU the Itel'olution, .m.l put in iii>,ii. fins railed .m univerlal tLiin. nt air.>i;.^ the li.and.is, ■Old the wiujle bo.iy lied wi.li pucipitat on. ; uc piiio.ur bemg cxami.ud liy Onnah, was with l>'i:x ihllKuU) biuugiu to ewiiitU wIkio he lud coneeilcil the lexiioi. an.l i: wa:i biought back uaiiuit the ik\c inwining. .\Uer ti. ., the nuivn rcovtred lioin tiKir lOiilUiniiuii, and '. ^m to gather a. )uut us aj uiual, .\s tile tliiet appiiu.i to be a Ihamelefs viliain, tiio Ciommodorc pumilieJ him "■•ith giwitcr itventv thaa he had ever done any loruur c ilprit ; lor, btiulci having his bea'i andoeud Ih.ueu, he ord.- ie,i oocli liii e.us to be cut ell", unti lus e>e-t)rows to iie liccd, iii,i:i which n«( pwinr.i'.nieni com.i haw lulije^t.vl lum •.o greatei dilgra^e. liV tl\u blonling coiulif.on he w.is leiu on lisoie, aikl e.xpnKdas a ip^^tKle to intimid.ite the people lioni meddling \Mtli what was noi. their own. 1 iie natives looketi with hotror upon the m.in, and It was ealy to perceive that tins act gave them ge- lur.il dilf'.ml : even Omiah was allecieci, though he endeavoured to julli;y ii, by teliing his friends, thai it lui ha ciiine had been coiumitrcd la the country where he had br.n. the thief would lia^e Ikch Icnte-.ued to lole l'.i.s life. lUit, how Well focvci ' , niijiht c irc) oltinc m.iiter, he dre.ulcvl tiiee()nlcqiien> c to hiniiell, v. huh, 111 part, appeared in a lew days,, and were probably moie leveiely felt by him. loon alter wc wore gone. Saturday, liie i5ch, a general alarm was I, 'lead, oc- calioned by a leport. that one of om goats hail been Itoleii bv the atiove-mriuitined tluel; ami tliotigh, i:i)on e.\ainination. welound cv.ry thing file in Uiac ipiarier, yet it appeand, that he had d.dioyed ami tairied oil liom Ounahs grounds, levcral viiks and cabbage plants; that be had publicly threatened to ,!Ui him to de.nth, and to let fire lo his houfe, as foon as " 1.. \. c K my. <^^ n ft:'!t.'.? ;H S I i' '. 'it '*' m , -»1 iS!'' \Sn: I, ■■II : f^ m ■194 t' 502 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COM P LETE. i:r !f 1 •; i ^ ^ if ^1 at * i fl ' 11 i^ r!^" ■ i 1 1 1 .-„i/i^5- MC (hoiild q lit this place. To prevent his doing any further milcbiet, the Captain ordered him to be leizcd, and confined ajjain on board the (hip, with a view ot carrying him otl the illand ; and this intention fccmed to give general faiisl'adion to all the chiefs. He was a native of Bol.«l)ola ; but there were too many of the people here rcadv to co-operate with him in all his dc- (Igns. We had, indeed, always met with more troiil»le- fomc people in Huaheine, than in any other of the ad- jacent illands; and it was only from fear, and the want of proper opportunities, that induced them to behave better now. Anirchy and confulion feemcd to prevail among them. Their tarec rahic, as we have already obferved, was but a child ; and wc did not obferve, that there was one iiidiv.dual, or any fct of men, who held the reins of government for him ; fo that whenever any mifundfrftandmg occurred between us, wc never knew, with fuliicient precifion, to whom it was nccelFary to apply, in order to effect an accommodation, or procure redrcfs. On Thutfday, the 30th, early in the morning, our prifoncr, the Bolabola-man, found means to cfcapc from his confinement, and out of the fhip, carrying with him the (hackle of the bilhoo-bolt that had been put about his leg, which was taken from him as foon as he arrived on Ihorc, by one of the chiefs, and given to Omiah, who quickly came on bdard, to inform the Captain, that his mortal enemy w as again let loofe upon him. Wc found, upon enquiry, that the fentry placed over the prifoner, and even the whole watch in that part of the fliip where he was confined, having fallen aflccp, he feized the favourable opportunity, took the key of the irons out of the drawer into which he had fccn it put, and fet himfelf at liberty. Thii cfca|>e convinced the Commodore, that his people had been very rcmifs in thcirnight-duty ; which rendered it ne- cclTary to ch.irtile thofc who were now in fault, and to cUablifh fome new regulations that might prevent limi- lar negligence in future. Wc were plcafed at hearing, afterwards, that the fellow who efcapcd, had gone over to Ulietca ; but it was tho' ^ht by fome, he only intended to conceal himfelf till our departure, when he would revenge the indignity we had treated him with, by open or fecrct attacks upon Omiah. The houfe of this great man bring now nearly finilhcd, many of his moveables were carried aflwrc. Among other articles was a box of toys, which greatly plealtd the gazing multitude: but ai to his plates, difhes, drinking mugs, glaffes, and the whole train of houfehold apparatus, fcarce one ot his countrymen would even look at them. Omiah him- felf began to think, that they would be of no fervice to him; that a baked hog was more favory than a boiled one ; that a plantain leaf made as go<»d a dilh or plate as pewter; and that a cocoa-nut flicH was as con- venient a goblet ai one of our mugs. He therefore difpofed of moft of thefc articles of Englilh furniture among the crew of our (hips; and received from them, in return, hatchets, and other iron implements, which had a more intrinfic value in this part of the world. Among the numerous prcfenta bellowed upon him in ilngland, fireworks had not been omitted; fome of which we exhibited in the evening of the 28th, belorc a great number of people, who beheld them with a mix- ture of plcalure and (ear. Thofe that remained were put in order, and left with Omiah, purfuant to their original denination. Wc now began to make preparations for our drpr- turc from Huaheine, and got every thing oft" from the (here this evening, except a goat big witn kid, a horfe and a marc, which were left in the poflefllon of Omiah, who was now to be finally (eparaced from us. Wc gave him alio a boar, and two fows, of the Englilh breed j and he had got two fows of his own. The hone had covered the marc during our continuance at Otaheite; fo that the introduction of a breed of horfcs into thcfc illands, has probably fuccecded, by this valuable pre. lent. With regard toOmiah's domcftic cOablifhrnent, he had procured at Otaheite, four or five toutous or peo- ple of the lower clafs ; the two young New Zcalandcri remained with him, and his brother, with fome others, joined him; fo that his family now coonfted of ten or eleven perfons: if that can be jurtly denominate! a u, mily, to which not one female belonged. Ihchuui' which our people ere{t were ufcd. left an inducement Ihould arife, troinaiit. lire of iron, to pull it down. It was agreed upon, ihj- immediately after our departure, he (huuld erctt a I u! cious houfe, after the falhion of his own couiiiryj I'^J end of which was to be brought over that we hij built, fo as entirely to cnclofc it for greater fccurity. jg this work, fome of the chiefs of the illand proiiiilcd [,, contribute their alTiftance j and if the intended build. ing (hould cover the ground which was marked out (ur it, few of the houlcs in Huaheine will exceed it i„ magnitude. Omiah's Eurofiean weapons conliiiid 01 a lowling piece, two pair of piftols, feveral f*ords cutlaft'es, a mulket, bayonet, and a cartouch box. Aiirr he had got on (hore whatever belonged to hin\ he m. vited feveral times the two captains, and molt ol (ht ofticers of both Ihips to dine with him ; on which oc. cations his table was plentifully fprcad with the kit provifions that the idand could aribid. Omuh, thu jwwerfully fupported, went through the fjtigiuj o; ir{ day better than could have been expeiltcd (rorn ihci;^ fpondency that appc:tred in his countenance, whcnlmi the company began to aircmble. I'erhaps his a.vkwjri fiiuation, between half Englilh and halt InMi.m i,ff. paration-t, might contribute not a little to .1 ujcnii nim J for having never before made an cntertainn.cr.t himlelt, though he had been a partaker at many bothia England and in the illands, he was yet at a lolj to con. duct himfelf properly to (o many guelti, all ofthin (uj)crior to himfelf 111 point ot rank, though he mii>ht be faid to be fuperior, in point of fortune, to molt of the chiefs prefcnt. Nothing, however, vm wancni; to imprefs the inhabitants with an opinion of Omuh^ confequence. The drums, trumpets, bagpijics, hiu;. boys, riutes. violins, in fliort, the whole banu o| niulic attended, and took it by turns to play while Jin , hh getting ready ; and when the company were 'atcd > whole band joined in full concert, to the adiinr."! nof crowds of the inhabitant*, who were allernblcd round the houfe on this occafion. The dinner conlillcd, y ufual, of the various productions of the ifUn), barb,. cued hogs, fowls drcftcd, fome after the manicr of the country, and others after the Engliih falhion, wtli plenty of wine and other liquon, with which two or ihic: of the chiefs made very free. Dinner over, hccMj jnJ fire-works fuccecded, and when night approjchcd, inc multitudes that attended us fpeCtators diiperlcJ, uah. out the leaft diforder. Before wc fci fail, the (./imni!)- dore caufed the following infcription tu be cut in :hc front of Omiah's houfe j Ctorgius lertius, AV.v, j N/vemirls, 1777. ^"^^^ I Di/((n>€ry,Car.Ualu,i'r. November 2nd, on Sunday, at four o'dotk P. M, wc took the advantage of an eaftcrly brei/e, and IjilcJ out of Owharre harbour. While here, wc had prtKund more than 400 hogs, many of them large. Ihough it had been found in Ibrmcr voyages, that moll of ihcni which were carried to fca alive relufed to cat, and con. fcquenily were foon killed, yet we rcfolved to make one experiment morej and by procuring large tiuantiiics of yams, and other roots, on which they were accul- tomed to teed on (bore, wc ventured to take a lew la each (hip ; and f»r this purpofe our carpcnicrt had pic. pared ftyes for their reception in thofe parts where they might remain cool. Moft of our friends, natives ot Huaheine, continued on board till our vefFcls were under fail ; when the Captain, to gratify their curiofity, oidcrcd five of the great guns to be fired. Then they all Icltui, except Omiah, who remained till we were out at lea. Wc had come to fail by a hawfer faftened to the lliorc, which in calling the ihip, parted, being cut by the rocks, and its outer end was left behind : it therefore became necelTary to difpatch a boat to bring it on (bore, in ihii ^•te'^ w.....,!,.^ ji CCX)Ks THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 503 uftly donominatLvlaii. : belonged. 1 1,,- houic him was 84 feet by h pofed of boards, «|,|,^' ty operations at time,, at few nails as [jo!!i,„5 Ibould arife, IroinaUt. t was agreed upon, ihj. e, he (hould erect a fwl )f his own country -, ^nj ighc over that we hu It for greater fccurity. i,, >f the ilUnd prouuicd 10 d if the intended build. lich was marked out lor hcinc will exceed it m in weapons coniiiicd 01 piftols, fevcral f*ords id a cartouch box. .AnfJ belonged to hin;, he m. iptains, and moll ol the irith hiin ; on whith oc. \y fpread with the ixit Id artoid, Oniuh.thi;, ough the fatigues u!t:c :n expcetcd from iho i;^. counten.incc, whcnlmt :. Perhaps his a-vkwurd th and halt Inili.m .,,,. lot a little to • ;,a,f,jj made an cntenamn,cr.! partaker at many both la was yet at a loli to con. n.iny guelb, all cfthiia rank, though he might u of fortuiK-, to molt of , however, was vtan'wg h an opinion of Umuh » umpcts, bagpi[5<:j, haut- the whole baa J ot niulic to play while din., hj, oinpany were "atcd 1. crt, to the adiiiir.'! nof 10 were allcniblcd round The dinner conlilied, u •nj of the illan ), batb.. after the maincr ofihc Kngidh falhion, w.tli , withwhichtwoorthic: inner over, hccvaiand night approached, tnc (itaiors diiperlcJ, w,ih. |wefci fail, thctkimmo. ption to be cut in ;he Nrjeinhis, 1777. Ijac. Cook, Pr. ]ji'ur. Ucike, fr. ar four o'dotk P. ^L jlcrly brei/.e, and failed here, wc had procured I them large. Though ages, that moll of thtni plufcd to cat, and con> refolvcd to make one luring large tiuantiticj Ihich they were accul- lured to take a few 1,1 pur carpenters had pre. 1 in thofc parts where 1 our friends, natives ut I our vclFcIs were under Kheir curiolity, otdcrcd 1 Then they all Ictt ut, pi we were out at lea. - faflencd to the lliorc, being cut by the rocks, : it therefore became ^ting it on ibotc. In (his ,1,1, boat Omiah went adiore. and took a very aftcc- tion.itc and final leave of the Captain, never to fee him „fc. He had endeavoured to prevail on Captain Cook to let him return to Kngland, which made his artini' with him and our otficers the more aflccling. n tears couM have prevailed on our commander to let him return, Omiah'.s eyes were never dry ; and if the miercft fupplicitions of a dutiful Ion to an obdurate (■!,hrr could have made any impre ffion, Omiah hung 13'""; ,. :_ .,1 .1.- ,•-._; „f a ^-hiid try- 1 Ic twined round his neck in all the Iteming agony of a child try I melt the heart of a reluctant parent 1"';' ii.„„ round him with the ardour of inviolable Incnd- (ilm till Captain Cook, unable any longer to contain , l^jyt broke from him, and retired to his cabin, to uliili'c' 'hat natural fympathy which he could not re- ni leaving Omiah to dry up his teais, and compolc h mlclf on '^"^ ijuartcr deck. On his return, he rea- foned with his friend, upon the impropriety of his re- ..i\ . reminding him of his an.tieties while in Eng- T A left he (hould nevermore have been perrittcd to urn home ; and now that he had been rcftored to Ins fnends and country, at a great expencc to his royal fter it was childilh to entertain a notion of being ""* ied back. Omiah renewed his tears and faid, he h'd indeed wilhed to fee his country and friends; but hivine f«n them he was contented, and would never K,nKtor home again. Captain Cook afTUred him of h bel*. wilhes, but his inllruaions mult be obeyed, hich were to leave him with his friends. Such was T parting fccnc between Omiah and his patron ; nor ■trethe two New Zealand boys under Icf* concern to lave us than Omiah. They had already learned to foeik Englilh enough to cxprefs their hopes and their fan They hoped to have gone along with the (hips, ind cried bitterly when they underllood they were to be left behind. Thence arofc a new fcene between Oiniah and his fcrvants, that, had not the otficers on the iurtcr deck interpofed, might have ended unfortu- mtely for the former! for they refufed to quit the flup. till they were compelled to it by force, which would have been no eafy matter, the cldell, near fixteen, be- jnzofan athletic make; and the youngell, about ele- ven a giant of his age. They were both tradable and obliging, till they found they were to be left at Hua- heme but knowing this at our departure from that place' they grew ddperatc till fubdued. They difco vcred difpoiitions the very reverfe of the Ulanders, imon^' whom they were dellined to abide during the niiuinder of their lives ; and, inftead of a mean, timid fubmiHion, they fhcwed a manly determined relolution not to be fubdued, though overcome 5 and ready, if there had been a polTlbility to fucceed, to have made a fecond or even third attempt to have regained their li- berty. We could never learn Captain Cook's rcalon, tor refufing to take on board fomc of thole gallant youth* from New Zealand, who, no doubt, would have nude ufeful hands in the high latitudes wc were about to explore, and would befides have been living exhibi- tioniof a people, whofe portraits have been imperfectly depided even by our bed draughtfmen. 1 here is a dauntlefs ticrcenefs in the eyes and countenance of a New Zealand warrior, which the pencil of the moll eminent artirt cannot imitate; and we lament the non- importation of a native from every climate, where na- ture had marked a vilible ditlindtion in the charadlers of pcrfon and mind. Having bid farewel to Omiah, he was accompanied by Mr. King in the boat, who in- tormcd us, he had wept all the time he was going ilhorc. 1 hough we had now, to our great fatisfadlion, brought Omiih late back to the very fjxjt from whence he was taken, it is probable wc left him in a fuuation Icfs de- firable llun that which he was in before his connection vith us : not that, having tailed the comforts of civi- lized life, he mult become more wretched from being obliged (u rclinquiOi all thoughts of continuing them, but merely becaufc the advantages he received troni us, have placed hiin in a more hazardous lituation, with re- fpeft to his perfonal fafety. From being greatly ca- fdTed ill England, he bad loft light of his pnmary con- dition, and did not confidcr in what manner his ac- (]ui(ltions, either of knowledge, or of wealth, wnuU be ellimated by his countrymen, at his return 1 which were the only things whereby he could recommend him- lelt to them now, more than before, and on which he CDuld lay the foundation either of his future greatnefs or happinefs. He appeared to h.ivr, in fome inrafurc, forgotten their culloms in this rcfpect, and even to have midaken their genius; otherwilc wc mud have ban convinced of the extreme difliculty he would find in getting hinifclf admitted as a man of rank, where there is (carcely a linglc inftance of a pcrfon's being railed from an inferior llation even by the greatcfl me- rit. Rank feems to be the foundation of all power and diftinclion here, and is fo pcrtinacioully adhered tr, that, unlefs a pcrfon has fome degree of it, he will oc contemned and hated, if he pretends to excrcife any authority. This was really the cafe, in fome degree, with Omiah ; though his countrymen were rather cau« nous inexprelling their fentiments while we continued among them. Neverthelefs, had he made a proper ule ot the prefcnts he brought with him from Great Britain, this, with the knowledge he had gained by tra- velling, might have enabled him to have formed the molt advantageous connections : but he exhibited too many proofs of a weak inattention to this obvious means of promoting his intercft. He had tormcd fchcmes of a higher nature, perhaps, with more truth. It may be faid, meaner; for revenge, rather th.^n a de- lire of grcatncfs, appeared to influence hitn from the beginning. His father was, certainly, a man of con- (idcrable property in Ulietca. when that ifland was fub- dued by the inhabitants of Bolatrala, and with many others, Hed for refuge to Huaheine, where he died, and left Oiniah, with fevcral other children, who thus be- came entirely dependent. In this fuuation Captain Furneaux took him up, and brought him to England. Whether he expected, from the treatment he there met with, that any adillance would be afljrded him againft the enemies of his father and his country ; or whether he had the vanity to fuppofc, that his own lUperiorityof knowledge, and perfonal courage, would be fufRcicnt to difpoUefs the conquerors of Ulietca, is uncertain : but, from the very commencement of the voyage, this was his conftant topic. He would not p.iy any attention to our rcmonilranccs on fuch an inconlidcratc determi- nation, but was difpleafcd, whenever more rcafonable counfcls were propofed for his benefit. Nay, he was fo ridiculoully attached to his favourite fchemc, that he atfeitted to believe the Bolabolans would cert.iinly quit the conquered ifland, as foon as they (hould have in- telligence oi his arrival in Otahcitc. As we proceeded, however, or. our voyage, he began to perceive his er- :ui ; and, by the time of our arrival at the Friendly lllands, had fuch apprehentions of an unfavourable re- ception in his own country, that he was inclined to have remained at Tongataboo, under the protection of his friend Fecnou. At thcfe iflands he fquandered away a conlidcrablc part of his European treafurc ; and he was equally imprudent at Otahcitc, till Captain Cook put a Hop to his profulion. He alio formed fuch improper connections there, ihatOtoo, though at firll difpofcd to countenance him, afterwards cxprcfTcd openly his dit approbation of his conduct. He might, however, have recovered the favour of that chief, and have fettled, to great advantage, in Oiahcitc, as he had formerly lived lome years there, and was now honoured with the no- tice of Tovvha, whofe valuable prefcnt of a large double canoe has been already mentioned. But he continued undetermined to the lall, and probably would not have adopted the plan of fettlcmcnrin Huaheine, if Captain, Cook had not lb pofitively refufed to employ force in rclloring him to the poirelfion of his father's property. Omiah's greatelt danger, in his prefcnt fuuation, will arife from the very imprudent declarations of his an- tipathy to the Bolabolans ; for thofc people, from mo- tives of jealoufy, will undoubtedly endeavour to render him obnoxious to the inhabitants of Huaheine; and as they are now at peace with that ifland, ihcy may cafily accompliih d^^tr dcligns. This Circuin(\aiv:e he might. 1 1 ,.1/ , I I 'I '"i j i if! 1 1 N l^iyn l'i|li n I :'„ii 5c 4 ( art. COO K's V O \ A G £ S CO M P L E T E. VHi 1 m mE<'i Uirh ./r<:u e'tc. n:iy<- av.)!i1r'.l : lor they were not only free :iO;n :iiw aviT>i, tvcnoi'.rci to rciii(Utc him m hi» hi- dut\ l;illJ.. : bill he p.iciin>V)rily rcfufca this ; ;iiul, to the very Uil, cwuinueii hxcit n his uloi.uiJn to em- brace liie lir'.t opportunity ol Utistyir.p ins r6vcii^;e in battle. To this he is pcrhnps not a iitile itimul.itcit by ihe coat of m.u\ he brought Irom Eni;land i cl.)£h..J in which, ani\ liiriiilhrd with fire arms, he idly ini.jjines he Hull Lv inviiKibic. But the defcds in Omiah s character uere conliilei^blv overbalanced by his f^rcat good natuir,anvJ docile tradable dif|X)lition, Captain ']oq\:, during; the whole time he was with him, teldom had rtilijn to be fenoully difplcafcd with his general conJud. Ills grateful heart ever retained tlic highelt fcnfi- Ol tlic Uvoarsconleried on him m I'Jigiand ; nor will he ever be iinminiltiil ot thofc who honoured him while in that kin^',dom, with their tricndihip and pro- tection. Though he had a tolerable fli.nc ol" uiider- ftandmg, he lluwed little application and pcrfcveiance in exertm^; it, fo th« he had but a (;encrai and iinpcr- Hvi knowied^-e ist thill-:, i k was not a nim ii»ich ufcJ to obfcr.Jiion : otherv^ife. he might hive conveyed to his native counir, n.my detain aniuf iniMts, and ufeuil arI^ to be tound ■ :ioiig the Iricndly lUaiulcrs; li-.it uc nev.r (Krccivi •., ihu he cndcnvoiind tonwkc himreli nuiUr ot any one ol them. Such iR-!illeicnce is, indeed, the clwvaaerillic loible nl his countrymen. Though thty have bccnvifitcd by l-.uropi.ans, at times, for thde ten years pall, we could not dikern the llif'htell veftigcol any attempt u) prolit by this interview, noi have the) hitlKrfjimiiaicdu!.but in vtfry fcwreCpects. it mull not, thcreiorc, be expidrd, that Chniah will l)c able to introduce ..nioni^ them many arts and culloms, ot much improve thole to which they have iKcn tamiliarr'.cd by long habit, 'Vc trull, hi.wcr that he will cx.rt his endeavours to bring to pcrfeeUiin the various Uuits and vt<'.'t.ih!es that wtie pl.uued by us, which will be no fmai! ac^uititicn. But the principal adva'.v,.;ge ilielc ifjands arc lilxil) to receive irom the travels of Dmiah, will pro'vibly ante Irom thcanmuls tlut h.»vc Ixei, lelt ■ upon ilw 1"; which, perhaps, they never vioulJ h.ive ob- tained, if he had not come over to Iv^lind. U hen thcl*; multiply, 0...heitc, and the Society lll u.s to J'rctanne ; but our Commodore took every opponuimy of cxpfclling Ins fixed deteriiitnatioii to reject all ap- plications ol liiat kind; and Uiiuah, who was ambi- tioJS of remaining the only great traveller among them, being alia^d the Ccmuiodoic might be prcvaileil upoa to place othcti in the fame lituaiion, as rivals, lirijuenily rcminlcd liim ol the declaration of the J-".arl of Sandwich, that no others of his countrymen were to Ik earned to England. When ihc Captain was about to bid tarcucl io(.)miah, hegave him his lall lellbns ol mflriic'lion how to act : directing him at the fame time to lend his boat over to Uiietta, his natixc ifla'ul, to let hi ;i know how the i hicls belvved to him in the abfence of the lliips. ll well, he was to fend by th': meiTengcr thicc white biv.ds: if they Ici/id u|-.i(n his (lock, or bioke in upon his plantPlion, tluic red beads: or if things rcmiinedjull ag wc lelt them, he was to fe'id ihiec fpotlcd beadii. As loon as the boar, in which CJmiah was conveyed atliori', had returned, with the remainder ol the haw. for, to the Ihip, wc hcitlcd hei in, and Hood over for Ulictea without delay. 1 he next morning, being the 3d, we* made fail round the loiithcrn end of that itland, for the hatb altcrtruely, lo that at twelve o'clock we were Hill at the dillancc ol a league from the mouth ot the harbour; and while wc were thus detained, Oreo, the chief of the illand, witii hit Ion and fun in law, came off to pay us a vilit. AH the boats were now hoifled out, and Hnt a-hcail to tow, being nllitled by a flight Tuucbcrly breeze, ihu luoa IkUing, an^ bcuig * ,Wj;-'<» iA *. .u».^**ttv 5^ii» .* »"*• "^t-' f4^t (uccceded by an eailcrly one, which blew right out of the harbour, we were obliged to anchor at its cmrjace about two o'clock P. M. and to warp in, whii.h cm! ployed us till night. Wc were no fooner witum the harbour, than our Ihips were furroundcd with canoes lille 1 with the natucs, who biought a fupply ot iiu;[ ami hogs, which they exchanged tor our comnn.ilu,^ The loUowing day, the Refolutiim was moored tloij to the northern iliore, at the entrance of the lutbour and the Difcoveiy along liJc the fouthcrn tliorc. l.^ the mean tune, Ca|)t lin Cook reiurncd Oreo's vilit, anl prelcntcd that chief with a red feathered cap (((,„, Tongatabno, a fhirt, a linen gown, and a few other tniiij's of lei's value. Oreo, and fomc of his IVicnJi then accompanied him on board to dinner. Ol. Thuillltiy the 6th, v^e landed the iein«iiiii»r of our live llo k, let up the obicrv itories, andcarricililu ncccfTiry inftrumeius on Ihoie. 'Ihc two lucceeJuij; days. Captain Cook, Mr. King, and Air. iiask), ot). I'crvcd the fun's a7iiiiulhs, butii on fliore anii atuaui with all thccompalles, in order todifcovcr thevaijaa^,,' Nothing -cmarkable happene-1, till very early m im morning of Thurlday, the i.^tli, wliena leatiiici, mi^ obl'crvatory, named John liiirifon, dcleiteJ, ui^u,, wiihhiin his mulket and ac .iiutrtmcnts. Aslunaaj we hnd gained iiucllgence uincli uay he wai guiv, j party was eictached in learch of him: but (i.cy ictur.-.d in the evening without lucccfs. liic next day the Up. tain applied to ttic chiii cuoccm ng this allair, vmu proinifed to fend a party ot lue i:ui.dei» alter tlieluj;i- tive, and gave us ho, i that iie liu.uld be bi.jujjiu bid in the courfc of that day. 'ihu, Iwwevei, Jid r^ h.ippcn ; and wc had u.iMx to iuugLic, lli..t the chief had taken no lUp* tii !inj hitii. At i!uj iiiuc a cai- tidcrable nuiuiKr of llic n..uv^4 wac aUut liic liips, and feveril thefts committed, the Ci.nlojtKiieti 01 which beitig nppiehcfidcJ by ih.in, vciy tew viii.t 10 v.lit us the nc.vt nioriiii)|,. Oieo huiiltlf caui^iit tiic alarn, an.l flid »iili ins wnoL fac.i._,. t-i^£,uii (.iyit Cjnti.lered this aS a guod opi-oriu.iity to ii'liii iipoiitr.cir deliveimg up t^ie deieii'. I ; .-nd r.avi ig inatJ tic vij^l a place c>ti'vd llaui'ia, liiuaic on the oliicr liicui ix iflaiul, he repair.d thither With two armed Uuti, it- tended by a niti'.e. In uui w.iy, wc met with the wai, whocmbaiked with us. 1 he Captain, witu » Ic* m' his iiKii, landing ^l'^ "' •' ""''^' •'"J * hail fiuia ihiljiu;, marhed u;. to it withguat t.\ptoiti biirll into tears, and rciiK.I. I'aha, theihiifof that diltrict, now tame wiilialuu. mg pig, and a plantain tree, which he was on theixjuii ol prelcnting to Captain Cook, as a peace-iliam^;, who rejccUd it ; and having orileud the < hicl to quit liM prelcnte, cmliaikcd with llartiion in niie ol ih« boats, and returned tu the lliips. Alter this, lurmur was Ipcciiily rcllurel. I'tic dcliiiiiucnt nuleiia other fxiiile lor his conduct, than that the nativu hiilci- ticed him awiy ; wttieli perhaps was in acrcatimi- furc true, as I'aha, ami the two women abi)vc-iiitiitioiuii, had been at the lliip the day Ixfore his di'laiioii. At he had icinained u|)on Ins jKiit till within a teu iiimuUi ot time in which he was to have b habitants of Huahenie, anii that every thing liicccdiJ with hiin, except that hii goat had died in kidding. This information was accompanied witharcquell.ilui Captain Cook would fend him another gout and alio two axc». I'lcaU'ii with thu aiiilitipiikl uppiiunlivuf i'ctving r E. Inch blew right out of anfhoraci:.sfntrjrtcf (> warp in. uhich cm' no fooncr witnm the rroumJeii with canocj Lglit a lupply ot I,,,.; lor our comiik.ilitia (ill was inoorc\l cloic trance of the luibyu, i; I'outhcru ihorc. j,' ii.-ncd Oreo's vifu', ^^ i katlu-rcd cap |,on, wn, and a few other 1 Ionic of his friend, ti) tlinnjr. ' -kil the uin«iniirr of itorics, and carried .;« The iwo fuccccJinj aiiJ i\lr. Uavli-j^ o^ on (lioic anii aluaui difcuvcr thcvjiijiij,' till very early „, l^ *licna kntiikj, ati.^^ on, delated, ukC rci. tents. Asfwrny 1 way lie wjjgom,, in: but (i.cy ictur.-.d I'iienixtiUythcUjp. nn^ ihu allair, '^i^ iii.dci» alicr thclu^i. ii'uld l)e. bi.;ujjhi kid •i, Iwwevet, Oiii not iu^UK, ii:ut the chief At tins lane 1 tai- \tti; ;;Uijt tiic liapj, the Ci.riie.iuu.eu oi 0), VLiy Kw uii.t to I) himkif caujiii; tiic lit) toirlilt uiwiur.eif avi i|» liiajj hc»j,4t the oli.er liJcoi [x armed Uuii, ii. vc met wiihiiicoi.d, plain, ui;u a |^.^ ui <» hallllOli^hel(^;I, tinii, lell tFicli;^Mul nd allow the ullciUei iiiii.iinii. Thupic. the i,.i;uA.j ol IW li'iloiilutilllol liW i to deliver ihi; ic- iiiulkct hm\f tx;e;c wiKv the iiilluii; iiJt e up to |ilad .11 .u 1 dilcrvtd lolicuii- n look, I'ld iluMilK tears, aiKJ.raiK,!. » came wuhaluu- li Kc wajottthciKjiiit a-- a pejcc-i.tierinc, led the • hicl toqu.t iiiiiin in lUK 1)1 ilie Alter tills, lijmid.r liiciu nu li- II.) o;l;ir 1 lie nativi»hiJc:i. w.n in a jjrcjt mn. iuiialX)Vc-iiicmioiK;i, re hisd.lriion. \i within a leu ininuiii beiii relieved by jiw- 1 «;is not very Icvere. airiud at'l'litiu, jple in ;■ canof, »iih idilturi)ed bv ihr m. ;very thini; liKCCcdid tiad died in kidding, :d witharcijuill, ihii Mother ^oat and alia itluiiikl op^ttuiiiivuf jcrving *.-V' I m .ILi 'Mvy 'i">^' <>' I'"! )■ '^11 V V li j-.!*^ '. ■ 1 'i . n ' 'i '''fl ' rM ^^■« >-.. vi^-tfc^i. .*:•* fES sTR.\VKI,S ^^¥W^ 'i'1:: »1 m:'i ;^ t ^'iS't fi- HW l.l' k ■ l9 l\ • ii 1 HI mmn 1 ^ 1 ^ It! :\i. t m ■•uf I H, vkMk'>i^k.^i CX^OK's THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, fee. 50^ fcrving his fricn fea, and to proceed northward to the latitude of (6 ilci;. in which, and at a convenient dillance from ihcroaft, never exceeding 15 le.igucs, you are to cruize for mc till the joth of May. Not leeing mc at that tiinc, yon are to proceed northward, and endeavour to fiml a pallaf^e into llie Atlantic Ocean, through I ludfon's or r.jllm's iiays, as directed by the above-mentioned iiiilructioni. " Hut if you (liould litil in finding a pafTigc through f ithcr of the faid Bays, or by any other way, as the fea- fun of the year may render it unfafe for you to remain in hif'.h latitudes, you are to repair to the harbour of ii[. IVtcr and St. I'aul, in Kamptfchatka, in order to rcirt'lh your people, and to pal's the winter. Never- thikfs, if you find, that you cannot procure the ne- tclHiry rclrcflimcnts, at the faid fwrt, you are at liberty to ^owhcrc you (hall think proj>cr; taking care before you depart to leave with the governor an account of voiir intended deftination, to be delivered to me upon nn arrival : and in the fpring ol the enfuing year, 1 779, voii ire to repair back to the above-mentioned port, en- liuvouring to be there by the loth of May, or f-wner, II on )Our arrival, ymi receive no orders Irom, or ac- count of mc, fo as to jullify your puri'uing any other mcafurcs than what arc jx)inted out in the before-men- tiuDCil inftrudlions, your future proceedings arc to be j'nviTnt'd by thcin. You are alio to comply w ith fuch parts of the laid inllruClions, as have not been cxe- cuicd, and are not contrary to thcle orders. And in cjfe of your inability, by tickncfs, orotherwife, to carry thcle, aiul the inllrudions of their lordlhips into execu- I. I, you are to be carelul to leave them with the next er- turbaiion of mind : but the Captain loon (juicted his fears, by telling him, that he was at liberty to quit the Ihip whenever he chole, and to take fuch Heps towards the recovery of our two men, as he lluiald judge belt calculated (or that purpofc; and that, it he lliould meet with fui ccfs, his friends, on board the Difcovery, fhould be releafcd from their conlineuieiit : if not, that they Ihould be carried away with us. '1 he Captain added, that the chief's conduct, as well as that of many ot his countrymen, in not only aliiiling thcle two men in making their cllapc, but in endeavouring, at this very time, to prevail upon others to loUow them, would juf- tity any meafure that Ihould ferve to put a Hop to kicli proceedings. AH this was done, as we have already hinted, to interell the people of the illand in the pui - luit after the fugitives, and, to tiiis end, the Captau: promifed a reward of large axes, and other v.duablc articles, to any of the natives who Ihould be in'dni- niciual in apprehending md bringing them ba.k. The confinement of part of the n)),il lamdy might feeiii hard ufage, yet it had itsellect, and without tins llea,;y refolute proceeding the defertcrs would never I'.ave Iv en recovered. The boats ot the Dikoveiy went day alter day to all the .idjomipg iilands, without being able tn learn the leall trace ol them j aiid ihis they continued, till having fcaiched everv illanit wiihin the dillance of two days fail, they were obliged to give over any far- ther fearch, as frcitlel's. 'I'he explanation ot the mo- tives upon which Captain Cook ucted, fcemed to re- 6 M move. ''■ -^i (9 , i: 'iilllf; ' * 5o6 Capt. C O O K • s VOYAGES C O M l> L E T E. Im I ■i »i r I move, in a great degree, that i^cneral conftcrnatioii into which Oreo, and his people prcl'cnt, were at lirll thrown. But, though rcheved Irom all apprehcnlions with regard to their own lately, they were llill under the «1iepfll concern for the prifoner« in the Difcovery. Numbers of them went under the llcrn of the ihip, in canoes, and lamented their captivity withlongand loud exclam.it ions. The name of Pocdooa (which was that of Oreo's ilaughtcr) reloundcd from every quarter i and the women not only made a moll dilmal howling, but ftnick their boComs, and cut their heads with Iharks teeth, which occalioned a conliJerable ctl'ulion ot blood. The chief now difpaiched a canoe to Bolabola, with n mcHagc to Opoony, king of that illand, informing him of what had happened, and requclling him to feiie the two dclerters, and fend them [jack. The inelTcnger, who was the father of Oreo's Ion in-law Pootoe, came to receive the Captain's commands be- ioie his departure J who llrictly enjiuncd him not to return without the fugitives, and to tell OjKiony, Irom him, that, if they had left the ille ot Bolabola, he mul' fend t.\iioej in puiTuit of them. But the impatient na- tive:;, not thinking proper totrulf lo the return ol our people for the reieafe of the piifoiiers, were induced to nictluate an atrenip;, which, it' it had nut been pre- vented, might have involved them in it.li greater dil- trel's. Between li-e and fix o'clock. Captain C(x>k, ■who wns th-n on Ihure, abreall of the Ihip, (iblerved all their canoes, in and about the harbour, began to inoveott". He enijuircJ, in vain, for the caufe ol this ; till foiiif of our people, calling to us from the Dilco- very. informed us, that a body of the idandcrs had fei/.cd taptain C'Icrkeand Mr.Xjore, as they were walk- ing at a (mall diftance from the Ihips. The Commo- dore, (^ruck with the boldncls of this fchcmc of reta- liation, which fecmed to counteract him in his own way, inllantly commanded his people to arm ; and, in a lew minutes, a flrong party, under the conduct of .\ir. King, were fcnt to the rcfcuc ol the two gentlemen. At the fame tunc two armed boats, and a party, umler Mr. William''":, .^crcdifpatchcd, to intercept the Hy- ing canoes in their retreat to the (]iore. Thefe detach- ments had fcarcely gone out ol fight, when intelligeiKC nrrivcd, which convinced us we had been milinfoimed ; and they were immediately, in con(ci|oen(:c of thi.s, railed in. lIi wevcr, it appeared Irom levcial corio- borating pariiculais, that the natives had actually formed the delign ol rci/.mj^ Captain Cleike; and they even made no lecret in Ipcaking ot it the following day. But liie principal part of the plan ol their ope- ratii'ns was to have femred the perfon ot Cap'ain Cool.. He was accuDumed to bathe every cveriing in ihj Irefli water; o.t which occalions he frequently went a!jne, and was uiiainud. KxpeCting hiin to go this ivcniiij;, as uliinl, they had rclohcd upon fcizmg him, ati.i l.jptain C^lcrkc likewife, it he had accompanied h.:i). But our Commander, after confining the chief's family, had taken care to avoid putting hiinfelf in their power; and had cautioned Captain Gierke and the oliicers, not to go to any conliderable diftance from the thips. Oreo, in the couife of the afternoon, atked our Commodore, three or four times, if he would not go to the bathing place; till at length finding that the Captain could not be prevailed upon, he retired, with Ins people, notwithftaiuiing all our intreatics to the contrary. Having no fulpicion, at this time, of their delign. Captain Cook imagined, that .1 fuddcn panic had leized them, which would be loon over. Being dilappointed with rtlpect to him, the) lixed ujjon thole whom tluy thought more in their power. It wa« a forrun.ite ciiciimll.incc that they tiid not fuccced in their deli, Ml, and th.it no milchiel was done on the iK'cation; no miilketa li. nig (ircd, c.N( ipt two or three 10 flop the I allocs ; to uhitii lirmj;, pi ih,ij)s Cnpt.im Cleikc and Mi. 'joic owed their lately; i»ut Mr. Kin„' aftribe, tbiji cti the CjpMin's .talkir^^ with u jiiitol in his hand, which, he fays, hconcclircd; at which timeapirtv the illanders, armed with clubs, were marchum , wards them, butdilperfed on hearing the report ot •i-. mulkets. 'I'his confpir.icy was tirlt difcovcred 1)1 gill, who had been brought from Iluaheiiic by 01,/.^ our ollicers. Happening to overhear ioiin; of f. I'licteans fay, that they would feizc (Captain Cicrkc jii Mr. Ciore, llic immediately ran to acquaint tiic (iril m our people that Ihc met with the elcfign. lhulc«i. had been intrullcd with the execution of the nlil threatened to put her to death, as loon as wc Ihyn J quit "letca, tor difippoiiiiing them. Jl^e'ing aware c this, we contrived that the giii's friends Ihouid corn- day or two atterwards, and t.ikc her out ot the llnp , convey her to a place where Ihe might remain coim,,'] j till an opportunity Ihoiild otler for tier cfeaping co lluV heme. ()nThurfd.iy the 27ih, the tents were ftruck, the obkrvatories took down, which, with the live (tu 1 were brought on board the lliips. We then i. 'luoorw' and moved a little way down the harbour, where wean' chored again. In the afternoon the natives gatiurcj round, iind came on board our lliips, as ulual. Un- party .ncquainted t;aptain Cook, that the fugitives wtrr tuuiid, and that in a tew d.iys they would Ik broui;ht bick, recjuelfing at the lame time the relealeof the 'J loners. Hut the Captain paid no rej;aril to either m,.!! inlormation or petition ; on the contrary, he rcncwj his threatenings, which he declared he would put incu'. cmion,ilthe men were not delivered up. In tiicluccccj. itiij; night the wind blew in hard fqualls, which wcrcr companied with heavy thoweis ol rain. In one 1 thele liiu.ills, the cable whereby the RefoUition wjjt j ing at anchor, parted ; but as we had another ready 10 let go, the ijiip was quickly brought up again, (j, the 2i)th, having rcceivnl no aii^ount troni Bjiabnj Oreo let out ii>r th.it illanil, in learch after the ilcittr er«, ileiirmg Captain Cook to lullow him, the next ojv with the lliips. 1 his was the Ca{)tain's intention ■ h ■' the wind prevented our gating to lea. (Jn the joth about live o'eloi k, I'. \l. a number ol canoes were ii\n' at adilhincc, making towards the U)q)S; and as theva').' proach.^d nearer we heard them liiij; and ic;oice, j/n they had fucceedetl in fiiiviing what tlicy uem in lea.cfi ol. .\bout li\, they eame lo nij;h, that wt could u.;- ccrn, with our glalles, the dcleiters iMlteiied ii.-;;. ther, but without their milUs. '1 hey were nofiMntr brought on board, than the royal pi doners were niul- ed, to the unlpeakable joy ol all but the two fuL;it:vt< who were under great apprehcnlions ot futUrin.; death. Their [undhment, however, w.is not lolcveic as might have t)ecn expected. .S- — was fenlciicci to receive ;4 lallio, and M was turned liclore the malt, where he co.ntiniietl to ilo duty while there ujs little or nothing to do; but on alking loij^(vencrs, xjj rcllored to hu tormer ttation on the quarter deck, h appeaieii that their purfuers had followe.l them t'rotn one illand to anothci Irom Ulietea toOtaha, from Otahi to Bolalwla, from Bolabola lo the little 1 II. i ml of loo- baee, whcie they were found, but where we never IhoulJ have looked lor them, had not the natives 'rared them out. '1 hey were taken by Footoc's lather, in conle^jcncc ot the lirll n:efrage lent to ()pny. On the lUol IJecemlier, nut kc was given to the Ot.i- hcittanniiUcs, that ihey mult all prepare todepan.thc (hips being in rcadinels to h ave the country, and jcr- haps, never to return to the >50Ciety lllandsany iiioir. This news caufed great lamentation and much contu- lion. 1 ht y were now .it a great diDance tnmi homf, and every one was eagi r to ga what Iht could fur hi- felt heloic Ihe was jaitcd tioni her belo'.cii. MolM them had already llript their mates ol alinoll tuif thing they polldled, and thole who h.id llill foineih n^ in relerve led a iAii hte till tlicy lliarcd it with ihnii. It was not till tlie 7tli. to which time we were roMlincJ in the hailxHir by a contrary wind, that we coii'.J ihir the fliipj ol tlulc troubleloiiic jjeniiy. cn\?. at which time a put. ul)s, were marchiiii; , , Clearing the report ui;.; v-is tirlt diCcovcrcd b/ rom 1 luahciiic by on/ ' > overhear iunie of t- I fcue Captain CIcrkcanj ail to.ia)u.uiKtliciiril,, thcdcdg,,. '11,01, „" ; cxaurion ot the pi,7 th asloon as«ci;;,„j' ris Iriends Uiou/d com? a '"P, lo KC hiT out ot the 11 Miiight remain eoiuu'l J ior her clcapuii; to lC^[ c tents were flruclc. t",. ^n, with the hvc itu 1 «. Wcthcn^viiooKd' ic harbour, where Wean' )on the natives gaiiurcd ■ir lliips, as ulual, u.v k. that the fugitives «,;: they would Ix; brou.!.; ""-•therelealcottlicpr. no rc(;ard to either iL >c .omrary. he rcncwcj arul he would put in cxc vcredup. Jntoefuuccj! Jl^uailj. which wcrca- c's oj rain. In one i,i KtheRefolutioawajfj we had another rcadvij T'ii'ght up agai,,. ■„ ai count rrom Uj.db,, ^ I li-arch alter the dclf,-' lollow him. the next, ij;' L'aptain's intention bu' K'o<^-a. Oathejoth; iiberotcanotiwcrcian 'ifniipsiandauhfvii,' " '"IK and n,o,a-.',;„ Ah.it ilieyuiiu inka.ti, ni^h, that wt could u;;. dcluters Ultcncd loj... ■ 'I hey were no Una 'al pMloncfswtfcnliai. ill but thelHoftipiHr. ■chcniions ot fulkr;iJ wcvcr, waj not lo lcu-,c •"^ ■ »Js Untnicfii - Was turned l)clore the lo duty while there U4S alking ((jij^ivcncfs, UJ3 > the !'- f' arc appropiiated by them to royalty, noivnihlt.in'l"!!') ^'^ having been deprived of his do- niin;on>. We oblerved a limilar inltance to tin; du- rmi; our ftay at Ulietea, where one ot our occational viliianis was tlaptain ('00k 's old friend Oree, late chief of lluahciiie. He Itill mamtaincil his conleiiucncc, and Wisconllantly attended by a numerous retinue. Wc now had a brilk wind, and directed our courfe to Bolabola, accomjianied by Oreo anil others from Ulifica I and, indeed, moft of the natives, except the chid, would gladly have takei% 4 pall'.ige with us to England. Our principal realon for vilitmg the illand of Holabola was, to procure one of the anchors which had been left at Utahcite by Monlicur Bougainville, '1 his, we were informed, hid been afterwards found by the natives there, and lent by the:'.i to Opoony, the chief of Ikilabola. It was not on account ot our being in want ot anchors that we were anxious to get pol- KiHon of III but having [)artcd with all our hatchets, and other iron im|)!emeiii<, in purchaling rcfrclhmems, we were now obliged to create a Irelli aH'ortmcnt 01 trading armies, by labricatmg them from the fpare irjn we could liiid on board ; anvl even the greatelt part ol that had been already expanded. Captain Ciiok, thenlore, luppofed Monl. Bougainville's anchor until I 111 a great mcalurc iiipply our wan: ot this u ciul iiuier al ; and he did nut entertain a doubt that 0|>oony might be induced to part with it. At lun-kt Iv.'ing oil the fuuili point ol Bolabola, wc lliortcncd l.iil, and pali'ed ttie night linking ihort boards. l)n Munday, the 8th, at ilay-break, we made fnl tor the harbour, on the well Udo of liie lilmd. Having a .*; fcanty wind wc were obliged to ply up ; and it was nine o'clock before wc were near enough to fend away a boat to found the entrance. When the mailer returned with the boat, he reported, that the entrance of the harbour was rocky at the bottom, but that there was good ground withirr; and the depth of water twenty-five and twcnty-feven fathoms, in the chan- nel, he fail), there was room enough to turn the Ihip?, it being one third of a mile broad. Upon this infor- mation, we attempted to work the fliips in ; but the wind and tide being againll us, we made two or three trips, and found it could not be accompliflicd till the tide Ihould turn in our favour. Whereupon the Captain gave up the dclign of carrying the lliips into the har- bour; and, embarking in one of the boats, attended by Oreo and his companions, was rowed in for the illand. As foon as they landed, our Commodore was introduced to 0[xx)ny, furrounded by a vail concourl'e of people. The necellary compliments being ex- changcil, the C^iptain requcflcd the cliicf to give him the anchor; and, by way of inducement, produced the prcleiit he intended for him. It conlillcd of a linen night gown, gau/c handkerchiefs, a ihirt, a looking- glafs, fome beads, toys, and fix axes. Oijoony, how- ever, lelufcd to accept the prefcnr till the Commodore had received the anchor; and ordered three perlbns to go and deliver it to him, with direclions to reci-ivc Irom him what he thought proper in return. With thefc mclfengers wc let out 111 our boats lor a neigh- bouring illand, where the anchor had been depolited, Init it was neither fo large nor fo perfect, as we ex- pected. By the mark that was upon it, we found it had originally weighed Icvcii hundred pounds, but it now wanted the two palm>', the ring, and (latt of the (hank. 'J'hc rcafon of Opoony "s retuling Captain CiKik's prefent was now apparent: be, doulitlci's, lup- pofed il'.at the anchor, in its prefent (late, was fo mucli inferior to what wasoilered in exchange, thst when the Captain faw it, he would be difplcafcd. The ('om- modore, notwithdanding, took the anchor as he found it, and fent the whole of the prefent which he at lirll intended. This bulinefs being done, and the ("aptain returned on board, we hoilled in our boats, and made fail to the noith. While wc were thus employed, we were vifitcd by fome of the natives, who came oH in thiee or four canoes to lee the llii[)a. l hey br(>ughc with them one pi;', and a lew cocoa-nuts. Hsd we remained at this illand till the next day, we IhouUl pioliably have been lupphcd with plenty ot provilions ; and the natives would, douhtlels, be dilappointe,! when they found wc were gone; but, having jlicaity .1 go>)d Hock ot hogs and fruit on boaril, and not many articles letc to purchalc more, we had no mducemer.c lelt to defer the profccution of our voyage. Oieavancioa, the harbour of Bol.ibola, fituatcd on the well tide of the illand, is very capacious ; ;;:;,l, though we did not enter it. Captain Cook bad t!ic latislaclioii ot being iniormed by thole eniplo;, ed tor the purpol'e, that it is a very proper plate lor the reception of fliips. Towaids the 11 u'dle ol tius ifland is a Inhy doubt '-peaked niouiuain, which appeared to be barren on the call lidc, but on the v.clt liJe haj fome trees and bullies. Ihc low\r grounds, towards (he iii '1' I, V} ■ ^ : ^3 t I. ■': I. :m '"■■ i-', '' I mi . i tc S Capt. C O () Ks V O Y A C; E S O O M P L K T E. 4i t::^s ¥^ifk ^^■*^^W^...vw-«ii.i4 the lea, like t!v.- otlu-r itl.iiul.i of this ocean, arc covered with (ocDa-piIius a;i.i lireul-truit trees. 1 here are nuinv litile illi)ts tliat I'lirroiiivl it, which add to the miiiiUer ol Its inhabitants, niid to the amount of its vcuet ible piodujlions. Conruleriiij^ the fniall extent tjliiiil.il'ola.heing only 24 miles m circunilereiice, it is icinaikahle tliat its people llioukl have been able to toiuiner L'lietea anil Oiaha ; the Inrmcr being alone inore than double i(s li/.c. In each of t^iptain Look's three \o\aties, the war that prodiiceil this ^'jeat revo- lution was tVeijuentiy nien;i>)ned ; and as the hillory thereof may be an a;;reeabie entertainment to our iiib- Iciibers, we Ihall Iv.ie '^\\c u as related by themlelves. Ulietea and Otaha had long been fi lends ; or, as the natives expreis it ciiiphMu .illy , they were tonlidercd as two bioihers. whole views a:ul interelK were the lame. The illaiid of Huaheine was alfo admitted as .1 friend, but iivit in fo eminent a degree. Like a traitor, Otaha Icai^ued with IJ.'l.ilvila, joinily toattack Ulietea; whole pcoiile re juired the .iliillance of iheir friends in lUia- he:ne agiinlt ihcic united powers. The inliahitants of Iiol.ibola were tncoui aged by a (uophetels, who pie- diaed their fuccefs ; and that they might rely on her piopheo, llie delired that a mm (hou'ld be lent to a naiiicu'ar pail ol the Ha, where h.'iu a great depth voidd aiife a (Kme. He was acj.iidingly lent oil in a canoe !o the pLue fptcilied, ami was g 'ing inll intly to d.ve ioi ilie Hone, «hen, b. hold, it Hailed up Ipon- taiieoullv to tie luiface, and came iiiiniediately into his hand! A!' tae pc,.- were allonilhed at the fight j the Aone was decin-d lacred, and depulitcd in the hoiife ol the Ivito-)!, wheic it is ibll prelerveil, as a pioof that ths pioiilutefs was infpiied^with the divinity. I'.le- vattvl with the hopes of victory, the canoes of 13oIa- lioU a:tatkid thole of Ulietea and Huaheine ; the en ountcr lalicd long, they being lalhed Hion^Jy to- re'-her wiih ro]ies j an), iiotwithllanding the pre- tended miracle, the Bolal)ola tieet would have bet n vaiKiuiilied, had not that ol Otaha arrived at thecritical iiuiincnt. The fortune of the day was now turned ; vi:toiv declared in favour of the Uolabolansj and their enemies were totally tlefeatcd. Two days alter, the ton.uierors invaded Huaheine, which they fubdued, it belli" weakly di fended, as molt of its warriors were then abfent. Many of us fugitives, however, having uDt to Otaheitc, there ri!aud their melancholy tale. This I'o alfected thole of their ov,n couniiy, aiul ol Ulietea whom they lounJ in that ilund, that they obtained tlicir allillancc. They weic furnillied with onlv ten fightin^^ canoes; with which inconliderable lorJe ihcy cllcvitcd a landing at Huaheine in the night; and, taking the Bwlahola men by furpii/.e, killed many ol tlum, and dilpcrkd the reft. 1 hus were they again, liy <'"C bold ilt'ort, polft Did of their own iiland, Mhich at tins day remains independent, and is governed by its own chiefs. When the combined Ikets ol "L'littea and Huaheine were defeated, the men oi Uo la'.iola were appli-d to by iheir allies of Otaha, to be «i;i)wed an eiju.il fiiarc of the conquells. 'Ihis being rcfufcd, the alliance broke; and, during the war, Oiaha vv.i'i ton4uereti,as well as Ulietea, both ol whit h remain ;..li|cei to llulabola ; the chiefs by whom they arc governed, being only ilcpiities toOpoony, the king ol the illaiids. Sui h is their aciount ol the war; aiul in the rethiction of the two illands live battles were fougl-.r. at d Iferent place*, in which great numbers were killed on each lidf. We have ai.cady obfervcd, that ihcfc people arc cMrerriely deficient in recolkcling the exact dates of pill events, lielpceting this war, though it happened but a few years ago, we could only guels at the tunc of jiv toiiiiiicnceineiit and duration, the natives not being iible to lati.'ty our iiu|uiries with any precilion. The Imal co:,iiuelt of L'lieiea, which lerminaitd the war, had been atchieved before t'aptain CiK)k was there in J7^.;; but It was very a[)[)arent that |Macc had not been long rellored, as maiks of recent hollilitics having been committed were then to be fecn, IJy attending to the age of rcereetuieea, the picfent chief of Hua- heine, fomt additionaUollatcral pioof may be gathered. I IK- did not appear to be more than ten or t« ■, yeais of age, and his father, we were infcrnicd h \ been kilie.i i'l one of the cngaijeinents. .Sin,-J .'', coiKiued of Ulietea ani.1 Otaha, the Kolabola n)cn . coniidered as invincible; and tiicir lame is fo (;,f ''*■ tended, that, even at Otaheite, if not dieadetl, thcva"" refpecled for their valour. It is allerted, they ncv'' rty from an enemy, and that they arc vidorious aMinii an equal number of the other illaiiders. Tlicfe ain ' much to the fiiperiority of their god, who, they bclicvd detained us by contrary winds at Ulietea. Thcc'l' mation in which the Bulabola men arc held at {)•' lieite may be gathered from M. de Bougainviij"'" anchor having been lent to their fovereign. T ! intention of traiilporting the Spanilh bull to thf^ illand, mull be afcribed to the fame caiife. jj,.' alfo hael a third European curiolity, brought toOt,ihcu by tlie Spaniarits. '1 his animal had been Co in,pj. lecUy delcribed by the natives, that we had been n'li n pu//.led to coiijcciurc what it could be, •Some moj however, geneially fprings up «)Ut tif evil. \\i, ' Ca[)tain Clerke's deferteis were broiiglit hack trn-n IJoiahola, thcv told us tlie animal hail been llicwn t/, them, and that it was a ram. Had our men rnt defened, it is j)iobable we lliould never have knoin more about it. bi conleiiuence of this intellircnce th- CMplan, when he landed tc meet Opocniy, took an'cuc with him in the boat, of the (.'.ape of (Jood Hone bleed, wiicreby a (ouniiation is laid for a breed 'of lliecp at l5.)la'.M>la. He alio lelt with Oreo, at Uiictci two goats, and an fji^'jilh Iwar anil low ; fo thattr! race of hogs wiil be coi.liderably unproved, in a Kw years, at Oialuite, and all the neighbourins' lnall^iJ. and they will, ptrliaps, be llo.kcd with nianrvalwh;,! Kuropean inimals. When this is really the cji^ thefe illands will be unrivalled in abundance aiul \j! riety of rclniliments for the fupply of luiurc luvi. gators, b'.v.n in their prefeiu Hate, they are h.inlK o be excelled. When the inhabitants are not diltui;ii\i by inielliiie broils, which has been the i ale torfcvtril ve.irs pall, their ptoJudions aie numeroi.s and pkia ful. Had wcbten poITeired of a greater afTortmcnt of goods, and a proper iiiiantuy of lalt, wc nii 'ht ha'.e lalted as much poik as w.iuKl have b.en iLiiiuicnt ij lall both lliips almoll a year: but we ijiiiie exhauiUJ our trading commodities at the Iwiendiy llles,Otahci-f and its neighbourhood. Our AXi:i, in particular, viire nearly gone, with which, alone, hogs were, in gciiin! to be puiehafcd. The f.dt that remained alward viaj not more than was reijuiliie lor curing 15 pimcticoni ol meat. The following p.-ocels ol curing potk hai been adopted by llaptam Cook in his feveral \o\y'^i, 1 lie hogs were killed in the evening ; an.i.wiv.n cleaned, they were cut up; alier which the Iwncuij taken out. The meat was lalted while hot, and laij;,! lueh a manner as to permit the juices to drain from it till the next morning: it waj then lalted again, put mtoacalk, and covered with pickle. It rciiiaind, 1,1 this lituaiion, four or live days, when it was taken ou, and caiclully examined; and if any ol it apjjcarcil la be m the hall tainted, which fomctiines happened, it was lepjiaicd lioin the tell, which v«as rcpukcil, headed Uj', and filled with good pickle. It wasi'-am examineii 111 about eight or ten days time, but there appeared no ncccflity f.ir it, as it was generally lound to be all peril ctiy cund. Bay and white lalt inixd [;). geiher anlvvcr.-) the bell, though either ol ihcin vvill lij alone. Clreat care was taken that none of the laree blood-veliels remained in the meat; and that not tix) much lliould be packed together at the liril faltin:^, lell thofe pieces which are in the middle lliould licit, and hinder the fait Irom penetrating thtiii, Inirnpi- cal climates, meat ought to be laliid in rainy fuliry weather. Europeans having of late lb frequently vilited thcfc illaiidcrs, they may, on that .ucoiiiit, lia\c been induced to breed a larger Hock of hogs; knowmi; that, whenever wc come, ihev may be coiiain nf re- ceiving what they efleein a valuable conlideration lot ihtm. I'hcy daily expect the Spaniards at Otahciie, and a Krcafcr a(i;)rtmcnt of "' l-'Ir. «c n>i^!„ha..c COOK s THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 509 J jp two or three years time, they will dnubtUTs tvtxrd the Englilh there, as well as at the other idands. irii iifelcfi" to alTure them that you will not return, for thcv rupP'»lc y*"' cannot avoid it ; though none of ihtm know or enquire the reafon of your cominj^. It uoulil, pirhaps, have been better for the people to have been ignc/rantofour fuperiority in the acconuno- Jations and arts that make life comfortable, than, after net knowing it, to be abandoned to their original incjpi' I'y of improvement. They cannot be, indeed, rcllorcil to their former happy mediocrity, (hould the •nifivitiirfe between us be dilcontinued. It is in a niiniir incumbent on the Europeans to pay them '.ji,,,i,,il vilits, (once in three or four years) to fupply t.hcin -Mtli thofc articles, which we, by introducing, Ujvc 'iven them a predilcdion for. The want of fikii liJfH'l'es "i^y ^^ fcvcrely felt, when it is too late to return to their old imperfect contrivances, which thiv h '^e no* diftarded, and defpife. When the iron tools »"h which we furnilhed them are worn out, their own will he ilmoft forgotten. A Itone hatchet is now as rreata ciirmlity among them, as an iron one was fcven orcii'it ye'""* *(?"• '"""' ' chilFei made of bone, or ftom, IS no where to be feen. Spike nails have been fuhliitutcd in the room of the latter articles, and ihcy arc weii^ enough to imagine that their llorc of them is infxlijjllible, for they are no longer fought after. Knives happened, at this time, to be in high clfi- nia'.ion at Ulietca ; and axes and hatchets bore un- rivalleii fw-iy at all the illands. RcfiMifting articles iiicrtlv iirnaiiKiual, thcfe illanders are as capricious as the m 'It polilhed European nations; for an article which may be prized to-day will be rejected to-morrow, n taihum or whim may alter. Hut our iron iniple- nuiiis are fo evidently ufcful, that they muft continue to tie high in their ellimation. They would indeed be iniferable, if they fhould ceafc to receive fupplics of what apix-ars nccelFary to their comfortable exidcnce, jsthcy arc deilitute of the materials, and ignorant of iheart of fabricating them. Much has already been related rcfpcding Otahcite ; which though not comprehended m the number of what we have denominated the Society Mands, yet, bcin^' inhabited by the fame race of men, agreeing in the lame leading features of character and manners, it was liirtunate that we hap|)cned to dilcover thii prin- cipal ifiand belbrc the others, as the hofpitable recep- tion we there met with, led us to make it the principal place of rcfort, in our fuccclllve voyages to this part of the I'acilic Ocean. By our repeated vilits, we have hid better opportunity of knowing fomething about it aiki Hs inhibitanti, than about the other liinilar, but lefsconfulerable illands 111 its vicinity. Of thele hitter, however, we have feen enough to fatisfy us, that all we have oblcrved of Otaheiie may, with tiiKing alte- rations, be applied to them. During our continuance at ihA'c illands, we loll no opportuimy of making aftronomical and nautical obl'ervations. .At Oiaheite ami Ulictea we particularly remarked the tide, with a vkW oI alcertaining iis grandell rife at the former jilace. Alio, by the mean of 145 fets of obfervations, we ilctcrmiiied the latitude and longitude uf the three following pLtccs. Maiivii Poini, at Oiaheite, 17" sq' i5"S.I»t. jio* »»' i8''E,lon. 0»h4rrt harbdur, at Huaheinc 16 41 4{ — — aotf JJ 24 Ohaiiuncoo ditto. It Ulietc* 16 45 30 108 2j it It inay be thought by fomc, the ifland of Otahcite has been already and fo often accurately defcribcd, anJ 1 he manners, cufloms, and ways of living of the inhabitants, fo amply enlarged upon, in our hiltory of former voyages, that little remains to be added : but, there are Itill, however, many parts of the domcllic, political, and religious inftitutions of the natives, which, alter all our vilits to them, arc but imperfedly under- tlood; and we doubt not, but that the following remarks, for which wc arc indebted to the ingenious Mr. Anderfon, at\d which may be conlidercd as finifli- ing llrokes to a pifturc, the outlines of which have been already given, will be highly acceptable to our No. 62. numerous friends and fubfcribers, who, by their kind encouragement of this work, have given the ftrongeft teftimony in its favour. " To what has been obfervcd of Otaheitc (fays Mr, .Anderfb- ) in the accounts of the fuccelTive voyages of Captain Wallis, M. de Bougainville, and Captain Cook, it would, at firft light, fcein fupcrHuous to add anything; as it might be fuppofed, that little could now be produced, but a repetition of what has been related before. I am, however, far from being of that opinion ; and will venture to affirm, that, though a very accurate dcfcription of the country, and of the inofl obvious cuf^oms of its inhabitants, has been al- ready given, cfpecially by Captain Cook, yet much l^ill remains untouched : that in Ibinc iiillanccs, mif- takes have been made, which later and repeated obfervations have been able to rcdify ; and that even now, we are ftrangers to many of the moll important inftitutions that prevail among thcfe people. The truth is, our vilits, though frequent, have been but tranlicnt : many of us had no inclination to make cn- (juirie*; more were unable to direct the enquiries pro- perly; and we all laboured, though not to the lame ilegree, under the difadvantages attending an impcrlccl knowledge of the language of thofe, from w hoiii alone we could receive any information. The Spaniards had It more in their power to furmount this bar to in- Ifruction ; fomc of them having relided at Otaheitc much longer than any other European viliturs ; by which fiiperior advantage, they could not but have had an opportunity of obtaining the fullell information on moll lUbjecls relating to this illand: their account of It would, probably, convey more authentic and accu- rate intelligence, than, with our bell endeavours, any of us could poflibly obtain. Hut, as I look upon it to be very unceitain, if not very unlikely, that we (hould ever have any communication from that quarter, I iiavc here put together what additional intelligence about Otahcite, and its neighbouring illands, I was able to procure, either from Oniiah, while on board the Re- folution, or by converling with the other natives, while wc had any intcrcourfc, and were convcrfant with them. " The w ind, for the grcatcd part of the year, blows from between the E. S. E. and E. N. E. This is the true trade wind, or what the natives call maaraee ; and It fometimcs blows with confidcrablc force. VV'hen this happens, the weather is often cloudy, with (howcrs of ram ; but when the wind is more moderate, it is clear, fettled, and fcrene. Should the wind veer farther to the fouihward. and become S. £. or S. S. K. it then blows more gently, with a fmooth Tea, and is called maoai. In thefc months, when ihe fun is nearly vertical, that is in December and January, the winds antl weather are both very variable; but it frequently blows from W. N. W. or N. W. This wind, called I'oerou, is generally attended by dark, cloudy weather, and fretiuently by rain. It fomctimes blows flrong, though generally moderate ; but feldom lalls longer than lix days without interruption ; and is the only wind in which the people of the illands to leeward tome to this, in their canoes. If it happens to be ft ill more northerly, it blows with Icfs llrcngth, and is called Era potaia; which they lay is the wife of I'ocrou, who, according to their mythology, is a inale. The wind from the S. W. and W. S. W. is fliU more frequent than the former, and though, in general, gentle, and interrupted by calms, or breezes from the eaflward, yet it fomctimes blows in brilk fqualls. The weather attending it is commonly dark, cloudy, and rainy, with a clofe hot air ; and accompanied by a great deal of thunder and lightning. It is called Etoa, and often fuccccds the Tocrou ; as docs alio the Farooa, which is (UU more foutherly ; and, from its violence, blows down houfcs and trees, tfptcially the cocoa- palms, from their loftinefs ; but it m of Ihort duration, rhc natives fccms not to have a very accurate know- ledge of thcfe changes, and yet pretend to have drawn fomc general conclulions from their cflefts ; for when the lea has a hollow Ibund, and daflies ibwiy on the 6 N reel, ? t(^ '.' "c always obfervcd, that they fprinrr from the roots of the old ones ; which run near the furface of the ground : fothat the bread-fruit-trees may be reckoned thofe that would naturally cover the plains, fuppcfing that the tfland was not inhabited, in the fame mannei that the white-barkcd-trccs, found at Van Dicmcns Land, conllitute the forcfts there. And from this we may obfcrve, that an inhabitant of Oia- hcite, inftead of being obliged to plmt his bread, will rather lie under a ncceliity of preventing its progrefs ; which, 1 fupi)ole, is fometimcs done, to give room for trees of another fort, to afford him a variety in his food. The chief of thcfc are the cocoa-nut and plantain ; the firlt of which cm give no trouble, after it has "-aifed it- felt a fix)t or two alwve the ground; but the plantain requires a Imlc more care: for after it is planted, it flioots up, and, in alwut three months, begins to bear fruit; during which tunc it gives young Ihoots, which fupply a luceedion of fruit ; lor the old flocks arc cut down ;n the fruit is taken off. The produdb of the illind, liowtver, arc not li) remarkable (or their variety, as great abiindance ; and curiolities of any kind arc not numerous. y\inong thefe wc may reckon a pond or lake of frell) water, at the top of one of the hjghcfl iiiountaini, logo to, and return from which, takes three vt lour days. It n remaikablc for its depth; and his tcls of an cnorniouj li/.e in it ; which arc fomctime'. caught by the niitives, who go upon this water in little floats of two or three wild plantain-trccs falkned toge- ther. This is elkcmed one of the grcatcft natural cu- liolicics ot chc countr/ ; lalumuch, that travellers, who come fiom the other illands, are ronimonly jn^ among the firll iiuellions, by their friends, at ihc, turn, if they have feen it? There is alfo a fort of » '^" of which there is only one fmall pond upon the jn '[' as far dillant as the lake, and to appearance very afn\ i with a yellow lediment at the bottom: but it hasji, 1 taOc : and proves fatal to thofc who drink any qtun. of it, or makes them break oui; °iiK(l men of I'lmir conl'aiurn c to undergo a kind of ph) lical ojicration to rcndcrihcm lair. This is done by lemaining a nviriih or two la the houlc; during wliiih tinir il-.ey wear a quantity of clothes, ea: nothing but bread-fniii.towhichihcyafcribe a remaikablc propcity in whitening idem, 'i hey alfo fpeak, as if their corpulence and colour, at other times, dejnnded on tlu'ir IchkI, as they arc obliged, from the change of lealons, to iile different forts at ditfatnt timei. Their common d;et is made iipof, at Icall.nmc tenti^ of vegetable food ; and I believe, more p^tti. cularly, the Mahee, or feriiicntcd bread fruit, which ii a part of almoll eveiy nual, has a remarkable crtcct on ihem, preventing a collive habit, and producing! very fenfibic coolnels ab lut them, which could not be perceived in us who fed un animal foo^l, and it is, per- haps, owing to this temj)eratc courfe of life, that they have fo few iiifcafej among them. They reckon only five or fix, which ni'ght be called chronic, or national difordcrs; among which arc the dropfy,and thefclai.or indolent fwellings, frequent at TongatalxK). But this *u before the arrival of the luiropcans; for we have added to this fliort tatalogue a dileafo which abundantly fap- plies the place of all others, and is now almofl univcr- I'al. For this they fccm to have no ellectual remedy. The priells. indeed, give them a medley of limplcs; but they own that it never cures (hem. y\ndyct,thty allow that. III a few cafes, nature, without thcalfilUnce of a phvlician, txterminates the poifon of this fatal difonicr, and a ptrleCt recovery is produced. " Their behaviour, on all occalions,fcems to indicate a great openncfs, and generofity ot dit^wlition. Omiah, indeed, who, as their countryman, fliould be fuppofcd lather willing to conceal any of (heir defers, has oiicn laid, that they arc fotnetimes cruel in the treatment of their enemies. According to his account they torment ihcm ^■^^u •^■♦J.'.WrtC*!* COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 511 ;ytlK-,rfr.cnd,.a/l'^cd "icrcisalfoaforto'/^- "all pond upon the >• Jt''appear,ntcvfrvH : bottom : but it h^ K'^. oui ;.ito ^^Tcncls. which d,&' I It w.,, even rotiir , '' preponderate in /,''"' onI>-.pcrhap,S/^;-^;fl the marks wluth r,7 ' .he forgotten. VVeS'' '"»'"'r '" 'very rll- ^atocharadcrift.c, S^'j rcuearlong.andth '• ' "val.on, thcvfhel,'' "" •!"'""« the hr,eS: nt.y enable, ,he i J' !'<••; and itsnlacfir V't'ecmstolHratr i. h-T M,o,i„,„, „„f ;J "^rk ufullyveriCcd • •yarcpcformcda^;;,^ t'nal rndowmrnrjarfj, "^f'^'OHualiy,^ ' "' '!"'H- tonlaiucn ° 'iteration t>, rcndcrthcm ";"R-'">omh or ,«;,'; "'17 "f.'ra.,uamity„f •"".to«h.dHheyafa,bc '^•"'"Vir at other t„n«. V arc obliged, from th- •rcnt (ortj at diftWcnt '•"l'--'-P"f.atlealt.nmc "hI.cvc, more p^r:;. d bread fruit, which i, a' a remarkable crtcd 'bit and producing J 1. whu h could noi Ix: al food, and it ij. «,. ourfc of life, that thry • Jlicy reckon onlv i chronic, or natinnjl ropfy.andthetclji.or ^•itatKK}. But this «u "8 'or we have added liich abundantly fiip. 's now almoft univtr- no cUcctual remedy. a nu-dlcyoflimplcs; hem. And yet, they without the allKbnce poifon of this (aial produced. >ns, fecms to indicate ili(}K)(ition. Oiniah, flujuld be fuppofol eir dcfcftj, has olien in the treatment of (.count they torment , them , ygfy deliberately ; at one time tearing out fmall ■cc* of rtclh from ditFercnt puts j at another taking ^' t the eyes } then cutting ott the no(e ; and laftly, kil- ..a n( rtclh from ditFercnt puts j at another taking plCCtH ui • ...I. ,. p iing'lhcn by ripping up the belly. _ But this only hap- on particular occalions. If chcerlulncfs argues a '"nfcious mnoccnce, one would T ppolc that their life ■^"fcldom fullicd with crimes. Ihii, however, I rather impute to their feelings, which, though lively, fccm in "^.jfe permanent ; tor I never faw them in any mis- Lrtunr, labour under the appearance of anxiety, after he critical moment was pall. Ncitiicr docs care ever leem to wrinkle their brow. On the contrary, even the oproach of death docs not appear to alter their ulual vacity. ' have I'ecn them when biought to the bunk *f the crave by difcafc, and when preparing to go to battle-. Iwtf '" neither cafe, ever ohiervcd their coun- tenances over clouded with melancholy or ferious re- fltcUon. Such a difpolition leads them to direct all their airr' only to what an give tlicm plcalure and calic. Their aiiuifements all und to excite and continue amo- rous palVions, and their fongs. o( which they are immo- derately fond, anlwer the fame [lurpole. But as a con - flaiit fuccellion of fcnfual enjoyments mull cloy, wc found ihcy frequently varied thcni to more refiiicil lub- iecb, and had much plcafure in chanting their triumphs in war, and their occupations m peace ; their travels to other I'l.inds, and adventures there ; and the peculiar bcauiics, and fupciior advantages of their own illand over the' rcll, or of diH'erent parts of it over other Ids favourite diflricls. Th:s marks their great delight in niulic ; and though they rath.r expriU'ed a dillikc to our complicated compofitions, yet were they always de- jiijhieJ with the more melodious founds produced finely on our inftrumcnts, asappro.ichin^ nearer to the fimpliiiiy "' 'hfir own. N. ither aic they (Irangcrs to thefoothing ctRvls produced by (urticul.ir loftsot mo- tion, which, in fome c.ifcs, fccm to allay any pcrturba- ton of mind, with .u muk h fu.cels as iiuilic. Ot this I met « tb a rciii,iik.il)le inllance: lor waiking, one day about Mat.ivai point, whticoiir tents «eie erected, lljwa mail paddling, m a liiiail canoe, lo quicKly, and looking about him with luch eag-rneU on each lide, as to command ad my attention. .At lir(t, I imagined that he had itolen lomciliin,^ fioiu one ol the Ihips, and was purlued ; but, on waiting patiently, faw hitii repeat his aiimlement. He went out liom the Ihorc, till he was near the place where the l\v ell begins to take its rife; and, watching its tirll motion very attentively, paddled before it, with great iitnckiufs, till he limnd that it ovcittHik him, aiul acquired fullicicnt force to carry hn c.uioe Ixloie it, without palling underneath, lie then fat motionlefs, and was carried along at the fame fwifi rate as the wave, till it landed him on the be.ich. Then he llarttd out, emptied his canoe, and went m fcatth of another fwcll. I could not help concluding, that this man kit the moft fuprcme pleafure, while he was driven or, fo laft and lb (inoothly, by the fea t cf- Cecially as, though the tents and lliips were lb near, c did not feem m the leart to envy, or even to take any noticed the crowds of his countumen, collected to view them as objects that were rare and curious. Dur- ing luy Illy two or three of the natives came up, who fciiiKii to iliare his felicity, and always called out, when there was an a|)|)earancc of a favourable fwell, as he foiiictMiics milled it, by his back being turned, and looking about for it. By thciii 1 underitood, thai this cxcrcile, which is called chorooc, was frequent among thciii; and they have probably more amufementsof this fort, whali alford them, at Icall, as much plcafure as tkaiting. " Inc l.mguagc of Otaheite, though doubtlefs radi- cally the fame with that of New Zealand, and the Friendly llles, is dellitute of that guttural pronuncia- i.'M, and of Ibmc confonants, with which tholi: latter dialecls abound. Thelpecimens wc have already given, are fullicicnt to mark wherein the variation chielly ton- fills, and to (hew, that like the manners of the inhabi- tants, It has become loft ami kwlhing. During the for- mer VDV.ige, I had collected a copious vocabulary, u Inch enabled mc the better to compare this dialect i with th.st of the other ifland;; and, (hirintr th s voyage^ I took every opportunity of improvements by con- vening with Oiniah before we arrived, and by mv daily intercourfc with the natives, while wc now re niaincd there." (In our hillory of t;aptain Cook's (ornur voy- age, we have given to the pulilic very copious fi)cci- mcns of the laii,ningc of O hcitc, New /cilaiiJ, «^-c. which we Hittir oiirlelvcs will be thought liillicii nt for their infoiinition, amiileineiir, anel every ufel.il pur- pofc.) " It abounds w ith bcautitul anil figurative exprel- lions, which were it perfectly known, would, I make no doubt, put it upon a level with many of the lici^uai^cs that are moH in eitcini for their warm and bold images. For inllance. the Oiaheitcans exprifs their notions of death very emphatically, by faying, " That the foul goes into darknds ■, or rather into night." And if you leem to entertain any doubt, m alking the queltion, " If fuch a perfon is their mother?" they immediately reply, with lurpri/.e, " Yes, the mother that l)orc me." They have one expreflion, that corrcfponds cxadly with the phrafeology of the fcriptures, where we read of the " yearning of the bowels." 1 hey ufc it on all occalions, when the palTjons give them uncalinefs ; as they conllanily reter pam from grief, anxious deliic, and other atlections, to the bowrh, as it:; lc.it: where they luppolc all the operations of the mind are per- formed. Their language is lb copious, that for the bread-fruit alone, in its difTerent Itates, they have above twenty names j as many tor the taro r- )t ; and about ten tor the cocoa-nut. y\dd to this, i .at belidcs the common dialed, they often cxpoflu!a:c, in a kind of llan/a, or recitative, which is anfwcrcd m the lame mfliner. " I heir arts arc few and (Impici yet, if we may credit them, they pertorm cures in liirgeiy, wUich our cxtcn- live knowleelgc m that branch has liot, .is yet, cnableil us to imitate. Iiilimplc fractures, they bind them up with Iplents; but if part of the fublt.ince of the bone be loll, tney infen a piece of wood between the fractured ends, made hollow like the deficient part. In live or fix days, the rap.ioo, or furgeoii, infpccts the w i Did, and finds the wood pirtly covered with the growing tl.ih. In is ininy more days, it is generally entii Jy covered ; after whuh, when !ie patient has ar quir-.'d lomc Ilic.igth, he batlic* m the water and recovers. We know that wounds will heal over leaden bullets; and fo.netimcs, tliough raicly, over other extraneous bodici. But vvh.it makes 1110 en- tcrtain fomc doubt of the truth of li>cxtraordinary Ikill, as in the above-mentioneii inllince, is, that in other cales that tell under my own oblcrv.ition, they are lac from being fo dextrous. I have feen the Ituiiip ol .iti arm, which was taken oil', after bein.: Iluttered by a lall Iroiii .1 tree, that bore no marks ot IkiiKil operation, though fome allowance Ix- m ide for their detective in- Itruments: and I met with a man goin.^ about with a dillocated llioulder, (bme moiuhs after t'le accidenr, liom their being ignorant ot the method to reduce it ; though this lie conhdered as one ot the limplell opera- tions ol our lurgery. 'I'hey know fractures or luxations of the Ipine are mortal, but not fractures of the Ikull ; and they likevvife know, fiom experience, in what pare ol the body wounds [irove fatal. They have fomctimes pointed out thole iiillided by fpears, which, if made in the direction they mentioned, would certainly have been pionounced deadly by ui; and yet thcfe people would have recovered. 1 heir phylical knowledge feem* more conlined, and that, probably, becaule ihcir dil- eafes are icwer than their accidents. The priclls, how- ever, adminiller the juices of the herbs in fome cales j and women who are troubled with after-pains, or other dilbiders, the confequenccs of child-bearing, ufe a re- medy which one would think needlefs in a hot country. They firll heat Hones, as when they bake their tood ; then they lay a thick cloth over them, upon which ts put a quantity of a fmall plant of the mullaid kind; and thelc arc coverei'. with another cloth. Upon this they feat themfclvcs, and fweat plentitully to obtain * cure. They have no emetic medicine. " Notwithllanding the extreme fertility of the ifland, a famine ftcvjucntly happens, in which, it its f.iid, many pcrill). ft ,!^ \ I , *i Hi 'Wmi W} 1 f 1' 1 f ; ! '1 ' ' . :'' , ' .< ■i i[ ' ^'rk If 4 I. ■•»< • 'A mM. 'i i^-: M -■»' i>: WH S«2 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES C O M 1' L h T E. u m \ i.rl #)^ pcriili. Whether this be owing to the failure of fome fcafons, to over population, which mull lometimes al- moll necelFarilv happen, or to wars, 1 have not been able todcteiniinc; though the truth ot the fad may fairly be inlcrrcd, from thi- great tTConomy that they obfirve with rcfpcd to their fooil, even when there is plenty. In times of fcatcity. after their bread-fruit and yani« arc confumed, they have recourfe to various roots which grow, without cultivation, upon the moun- tains. The patarra, which is found in vart quantities, is what they ufe lirll. It u not unlike a very large po- tatoe or yam, and good when in its growing Uate ; but, when old, is full of hard tlringy tibres. They then eat two other roots; one not unlike the taro; and laOW, the flioce. This is of two forts; one of them pollel- fingdeltterious qualities, which obliges them to llice and macerate it in water, a night before they bake and cat It. In this rcfped it rcleinblcs the call'ava root of the Well Indus; but it forms a very inlipid, moift palle, in the m:«nner thc) dicfs it. However, I have fcen them eat it at tinus when no fuch fcarcity reigned. Both this and thc patai I a arc creeping plants; thc laft, with ter- nate lea^c^. Ol animal tuod, a very fmall jjortion falh, at any time, to thc fliarc ot the lower < lafs of people ; and then it is either lifl), fea-eggs, or other marine pro- ductions ; for they fcldom or ever eat pork. Thc eree dc hoi, (as Mr. Andcrlon calls the king, but which word Captain Cook writes crcc rahie) is, alone, able to lurnilh ixirk every day; and inferior chiefs, according to their riches, once a week, tortnii;ht, or month. SomciinKS they are not even allowed that ; for, when thc illand is imfwverilhed hy war, or other caufes, thc chief ptoliihits ins fuhiecti to kill any hogs; andthis prohibiiiun, we are told, is in lorcc, lomctimes, (or fc- veral months, or even lor a year or two. During that ronllraint, thc hogs multiply fo fall, that there are m- ilances ot their changing their domellic lUtc, and turn- ing wild. \N hen it is thought proper to take otl thc prohibition, all the chicis atremblr at theking'i; place of aboectmg thc ttniulcs, il,j,j fecms to be no obfcuriiy ; cfpccially as to their coti- nciflions with thc men. If a young nun and wuinin from mutual choice, cohabit, the man gives thc Ijthcroi the girl fiich things as arc neccHary in common liic, ^ hogs, cloth, and canoes, in proportion to the time ir.cv are together ; and if he thinks that he has not been fulhciently paid for his daughter, he makes no fcnmlc of forcing her to leave her Iricnd, and to cohabit witli ano. thcr perfon who may Ik more liberal. 1 he nun on his part, is always at liberty to make a new choiecj by ftwuld his confort become pregnant, he may kill the child; and after that, either continue his connection with thc mother, or leave her. But if he Ihould jJopt thc child, and fuller It to live, the parties are then con, lidered as in the married flate, and they commonly live together ever after. However, it is thought nottime in the man to join a more youthful partner to his tin! wife, and to live with lx)th. Their cullom of chin -. ing their conneiitions is, however, much more genual than this lafl ; and it is a thing lo common, that liieT fpeak of it with great indifference. The crrcocj at only thofc of the better tort, who, from their litklcncfj, and their poUelllng the means ot purchaling Irclhto,-,- ncdions, arc contlantly roaming about ; and, from hav. ing no particular attachment, fcldom adopt thc nure fettled method mentioned above. And (o agreeable u this licentious manner of life to their dif|x>li(ion, that the molt beautiful oi both fexes thus commonly f|irnd their youthful days habituated to the practice of enor- mities, which would difgnce the moil favige ttibcti but are peculiatly Ihocking among a people Hhoir);;. neral charader, in other refpects, has evident traces of the prevalence ot humane and tender feelings. Wticn an crrcoe woman is delivered of a child, a piece o' doth dipped in water, is applied to thc mouth atiJ nofc, which futi'ocates it. As in fuch a life, their w- men mu(* contribute a very large ftiarc of its happinclj. It IS rather furprifmg, bclades the humiliating rellramts they are laid under with regard to food, to find thim often treated with a deforce of harftmefs, or rather bru- tality, wh|ph one would Icarccly fuppofe a man would bellow, on an objed lor whom he had the lea 11 jUic. tion. Nothing, however, is more common, than to Ice the men beat them without mercy; and unlets this trrr- ment is thc etfed of jealoufy, which both fcxes, at leatt, pretend to be fometimes infet^led with, it will be dilii. cult to account for it. It will be lefs ditlicult to ad- mit this as the motive, as I have fcen feveral inlUncd where thc women have preferred perfuiial beauty to in- tcreftt though I mull own, that even in thcfe cafes, they feem fcarccly fufceptibic of thofc delicate lentiments, that arc the rcfuU oi mutual alFcdion ; and, 1 believe, that ^.vfeA4 'n«t.:<.;AllA.uAltl>^ luxury had never b„n r„ Uoy great nuinl)crs MhMtc. arcNcryiro" .t. »4bouttwooJoc '! atcitfht. At eleven ,h 'Fcffcd ir at tw.,:;„J;; th s art.cle of .iu.ndi curtoms that are ex, • «"[. '"j'^n^c. have ^: to. the hourc d tter(ort.S(.JKK)d ,7 'd " '* very ,,K,,„ the women, general" >"r they would .oru, J ilonie other (.uilo,,,,,, » •> "lyderiou, comi r'" nly tomprchuid. Uh ' ot It, uc cowM g, t ;•' itandnecclla.yu*],,,; -•'ally a, ,„ .hc-r ; young irnn and «(,,„,. ;c man «,ve, the lath,,! llary in common hic j, portion to the tun: i-c! » that he has nut b.'c r.hcnakcsnolcnmlcof •nd to cohabit w.thano, I'ljcral. The man. 0, Take a new choice; but •gnanr, he may kiij ,he :ontmue hi, conncaion iButifheftould,d„,„ !he parties arc then con, md they commonly lue It II thought no crime hlul partner to his |„|f heir cullom of chan^. |cr, much more j-encral (o common, that the, "i-c. J he crrroes ^e from their fiLklfncf> purchaling (relh cor..' ahoiitjand.fromhiu Idom adopt the more • And foa^jrceableii their difijoliuon, thit thus commonly I|ktiJ a thcpradiceotcnor- ic moft fav:ige tnbcti >g a people whole ^c- has evident tr;icii oi idcr feelings. \\ he;, a child, a piece ti- to the mouih and fiich a life, their w. liaieofits happincli, humiliating nltramts o food, to find thim ^nefs, or ratha bti;- uppole a man wouU ■ had the leall jtitc- common, than to Ice and unlels this trea'- hbothfexcs, atiati, vith, it will be diffi. '■ Icfs dilficult to ad- fecn feveril inltanctj crfoiul beauty to in- n in thcfe calcj, they delicate /i:ntinicnis. ion i and, 1 believe, that COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGK— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 5'j lihit there U kfs platonic love in Otaheite, than in iiny Itihcr country. . . ."Their reli^jious fyftem is extenuve, and, in miny |. j»,|,,x's, iiiigiil"'; ''ut few of the common people have jl^d^-t knowledge of it ; that being conlinecl chicHy I thiir pricfts, who arc pretty numerous. They do I Item to pay rcfpcCt to one god as polTefring prc- (""inencci but believe in a pliiiahiy of divinities, who T jii very powerful i and in this cafe, as dilVorent r (jot the illand, and the other illamls in the neigh- P jl,i^,dJiavo different ones, the inhabitants of each, J Jouhti'think that they have chofen the moll eini- r'ni ofi*t 'i^^'''^ """^ ^vhii is iiivclfcd with power fulli- 1 nt tn'pfotccl them, and to fupply all their wants. If |. il.ujIJ not anfwcrthcircxpeclaiions, they think it no m'l'iy t" '''^•'"K'^' '''' ^" ^'^'y '^t<-''y liappcncil at T irahiK), wlu-rc, in the room of two divinities for- riv h"noiired,()lla, god of Hoi jboia, has been adopted, i ihoulii lup[)t only the whattas, rotl-fi"^ places of the moraii, arc commonly loaded [h truits and a:iiinals ; but there are lew hoiiles where ' J , „ )t mi.'ci with J fmall place of the fame fort near icm. M'"y "'^ '^'•''" '^"^ f'K''"y fcrcipuious, that [idiv *i 1 "'" l'<'B'" ^ mea , without lirll laying alidc a L iiiil lor the eatooa; ami wo had an opportunity diir- n-thiv iv.ige, of Iceingihcirrup tllitiou:, /.cal carried |l,M iKTDKKiin height, in the inllaiK-c of humm facri- ihc occ.ili'ins ol olferint; which. I doubr, are too riMu-iit- I'efhaps. they have recourfc to thcin wlu'n iisiirtunes o<''ur ; for they alked. if one of our men, rij njiipcned to Ix' conlincd. when we were detaincil iv 1 cDivr.uy wind, was lalwo? T'heir prayers arc alio ry Ire.iufii:, which they chant, much alter the m in- ner otth loi'h'nn their fcllivc entertainments. And he women, av in other cafes, arc alfo obliged to (hew hrit inlcriority in religious obfcrvanccs ; for it is re- Iqiird ot them, that tiny Ihoul.l pirtly uncover then- It V.J, at they p.»'s the inorais ; or take a coniiJcralile r;jit to avoid them. Though they have no notion, hitthfirnol luutf alwaysbc conferring benelits, with- I ui'.netiiiici torgetting thcni, or lutfcring evil to bc- !a ihcii.thfyleem to regard this Icfstnan the attempts It ij lie more inaufpicious being to hurt tiicm. They ,; us, that etcc IS an evil fpint. who fometimes docs , milchu'i, and to whc.-i. as well as to their gotxl ■in.', they nuke olfcnngs. Hut the mifchief^ they ap- r.h.nJ Iron any lupcrior invilible agcn;s, arc cnn- vd 11 things nierely temporal. They bcdicvc the oil to be l)oth im:iuteriil and immortal. Ttiey fay, hit It kecpi lliittcring about the lips during the pangs I icath; and that then it afcends and inixci with, or, itii.y cxpiefs It, is eaten by the deity. In this rtate it nuirn lor fome time; after which, it depirtstoa crtiin place deHincd lor the reception of the fouls of i;;i, ttiKreit exiiti in eternal night; or. as they fomc- :ncs fay in twilight or dawn. I'hcy have no idea of ny permanent punilhment after death, for crimes they ave committed on earth; for the Ibulj of good and aJ men are eat indifcriminatcly by the deity ; but they crtainly confuler this coalition with hiin as a kind of uniication necelfary to be undergone, before they cn- cr iiuo a llaieuf blifs ; fur according to their dodtrinc, nun refrain from all conncClion with women fome ninths before death, he palFcs immediately into his W{ni\ nunlion, without fuch a previous union, as if ircidy, by this abftincncc, he were pure enough to be xcniptcd troni the general lot. They are, however, |jrtro;ii entertaining fuch fublime conceptions of hap- imis, which our religion, and, indeed, reafon, gives us 1111 to expect hereafter. The only great privilege ii.y fccm tu think they (hall acquire by death, is im* iiuirtaiiiy, fcjr they fpcak of fpirits being, in foiiic mea- lorc, nat totally divel^cd of thofc paliions which aiftu- No. 6j. ated them when combined with material vehicles. Thus if fouls, who were formerly enemies, fliDuld meet, tfiey have miny contlicT-s ; though it llioiild feem tc no purpofe. as they are a'l.o inted invulnerabL- in thij invi- lible ilatc. There is a (imdar reafoning with regard to a mm and his wife when they meet. It the hutband dies firll. the foul of his wife is known to him on its arrival in the land of fpirits. They rofumc their for-, mcr acquaintance in a fpacious houfc, called tourooa, where the fouls of the dcceifed alfemble to recreate themlelvcs with the gods. .She then retires with him to his feparate habitation, where they remain f>r ever, and have an otfipring. which, however, is entirely fpi- ritual, as they are neither married, nor arc their em- braces liippofcd to be the fame as with corporeal be- ings. .Some of their notions about t|ic deity, arc cx- tiav.igan ly alilurd. T'hey believe, thit he is fubjecl to the power of th.ife very (pints to whom he has given exitfcnce ; and that, in their turn, they frequenLly eat or devour iiiin, though he potTcfsihc power of recre.u- ing himlelt. Thev, doubtlef^, ul'e this m uk of ex- prellion, as they feem inc ipaiile of convcifmg about immaterial things, without coiiltantly referring to ma- terial ol)jecf j to convey their inamng. And in this manner they continue the accdunt, by faying, that, in the Tourioi, the deity en^juircs, if they intend, or not, to dclfroy hiin .' And that he is not able to alter their determination. This h known to the inhabitants on earth, as well ,is to the (pir ts ; tor v^licn the moon is in Its wane, it is ("aid, that they are then devouring their citooa; and that, as it incri-.tfci, he is rencvmig himlelf. An, I to this accident, not on y the int'erior, but the molt ciiiinent god, are liable. They alio believe, that there are other places for the reception of fouls alter death. Thiis, thole who arc drowned in the fea, rem.iiii there ; where they think that there is a fine country, houles, and every thmg that can mike them happy. Hut what IS more lingular, they miintain, that not only all other animils, but treei, iVuir, and even flones, tiavc fouls, which at death, or upon l)eing confumed, or liroken, alccntl to the divinity, with whom they tiitl mix, .md afterwards pafi into the manlion allotted to each. They imigine, that their punclual performance of religious oilices procures them every temporal bklTing. And as they believe, that the animating and powerful inrtu- encc of the ileity is every where diduf'ed, it it no won- der that they join to this many fuperllitious opinions about itsoperations. Accordingly, they believe that fuJ- den deaths, and all other accide.its, are etfccleJ by the immediate a. tion of fome divinity. It a in in only Ifum'ile againlt a ftonc, and hurt his toe, they impute ic to an eatooa ; (b that they may be literally laid, agreeable to their fyflein, to tread on enchanted ground. Tliey are Ifartled. in the night, on approaching a toopapoo, where the dead arc cxpofcJ, in the lame man....- thac many of our ignorant and fuperftitious people are witli thcapprchcnfionsofgholls, and at the fight of a church yard ; and they have an equal confidence in dreams, which they fuppofe to be comnKinications cither from their god, or from the fpirits of their departed tricnJs, enabling thofe favoured with them to foretell future events; but this kind of knowledge is confined to par- ticular people. Omiah pretended to have this gift. He told us, that the foul of his father had intimated to hiin in a dream, on the 26th of July, 1776, thac he ihoald go on Ihore, at Ibmc place, wittiin three days; but he was unturtunatc in this firll attempt to pcrfuadc us that he was a prophet ; for it was the ilt of Augult betbie wc got into Tcnerirt'c. Among them, however, the dreamers polTefs a reputation little infcrioi to th.it of their infpired priells and priefteircs, whole predictions they implicitly bciicve and arc detcrmip..d by them in all undertakings of confcquent ". The pricllefs who pcriuadcd Opoony to in ai'e Ulietea, is much relpccltd by him; and he never goes to war without conlultmg her. They alfo, in fome degree, maintain our old doc- trine of planetary inHucnce; at Icall, they are Ibmetime* regulated, in their public counfels, by certain appear* ancctofthc moon; particularly when King horizon- B O ' tally, ,-,».'. !'.r St» "• ,:i M M |Vi H ;..|:i'' 't'-%^'''' '■■ ' ,1, f^ . i '4 f ^miy Z^^SJ^rm S>4 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. fm- ^'f^^ tally, or much inclined on the convex pnir, on its firft appearance after the change, they are encouraged to cngaj^e in war, with confidence of luccels. " They liavc traditions concerning the CI eation,which, as might be f eating human tk'lli,! (l:all give the fubllance of, as a i,)ccirnen of their method. .\ long tune liiice, there lived in Oiahe'te two men. called faheeai ; the only name they yet have for cannibak. None knew tioui wluncc the/ came, or in v»hat manner they arrived at the illaiul. Their habitation was in the mounMns, fiom whence they ufed to iHuc, and kill many of the natives, whom they aftcrwardsdevoured. and, by that means, prevented the progrefs ot population. Two brothers being de- termined to rid tlieir country of luch a tormidable enemy, ufed a fliatagem for their dcltniciion, with fuccefs. Thefe lived farther upward than the lahceai, and in furh a (ituaiion, that they could fpeak «iih them, without greatly ha/irding ihcir own fale.y. 1 hey in- vited rhem to accept of an enicrtainmeni, that lliouid be provided for them, to winch thcfe readily (.onleiiicd. The biothers then taking fomc llones, heated them, and rhrulling them into pieces of mahcc, delired one of the Taheiai to open his mouth. On which, one ol thefe pitici w:'i dfoppeil in, and fome water |«»iKd down, vthi' n made a Ixiiinig or hilfing noile, in viucnching the itoiir, and killcil him. Ihey infffated the other to do the fame; but he declined it, feprcfenting the ton- leiiurpcci ol his coiiijanion's eating. However they al- furtd him, that the food was excellent, and its cffiects only tnniyjrary ; for that .he other would f(K)n ret over. liis credulity vias fu>.h, thai ^if fwaliowed the Imh, and fJiared the fate ol the fifll The natives then tut them in pieces, whit h ihty t,uried j arici conferred the govern- ment of the illaiuJ (III Ihr biotheis, ai a rr-^ard lor drli veri.ig them (rom I'ui h nioiiilpr*. Their rrlideiict w ai in the dilUi.t (illid Whap.in«riii«» , and to ihu day there rcmaim a bread-fruit-i/ee, on ■ the projKTty ol Ihe Tahccaii. Ihey had alfo i wi»inan, who lived with thcin, and had tno teeth of a pi .digious U/e. Afirr (hey were killed, (be lived at th; iliaiid Ot.iha ami, w hen dead, uas ranked among their dciiiei. She did not eat huiiu.i Hcdi, a') the nun; but, liom the li/.e ol her Icifh, the natives Dill tall any .inimal that has a (icne iMjpearafice, or is reprefcnttd with larjje tulks, I'ahtiai. I'.hery one iiiiili allow, that this Hory is |ull as natural as that ol HifLuIcK dellroyin^i the !l)di.i,ot the more iiioileiii one of jack, the giaiU-kiiUf •, nur do I finil, that thtrc is any meral (ouched under it, any mou than under moll old fables of the fame kind, which have been icitived as tiuOis ot^ly during tht prtva Icm e of ihi-fame ignorance that marked (he character ol the .igi«| iJlantJ, OmuIiJ the prefrnt rrigning family 'iccomc;i.j iinrt. Thin It the more l.kily, as VVahci.idooj n ■(,t:A imMIcITcs Tiaiaboo, but many dillncts ot ()p.i)rtr..| ills Icrtitoriei, therelurc. arealmoll equal, meitcnr.ijl thofe of OliM) j and he has, l>elidcs, the adwui^;;- oiil more popilout and fertile part of the iUand. HhMf lU Is, alio, have given prowiili»o.| nun of their refpeililive ranks; but if with am m'. one, which frei|utn(ly happeni, and a child be tm . il is preferved, and has the rank of the lather, iinliv^l happeni to be an eree, in which cafe it u killcJ. I: il wviiiian ol condition Ihouid chule an interim palon J olliciate as an hutband. the childnn he h.ist^) hav^ killed ( and iiiould a toutuu be taught in aiiin!i|;'^ .\ COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. S^S I" !*'^'°''^'"'«. that then 1 ■nerly cannibals. Unn„ ,'' I which almoU confirm, ■ line, a great number „ 5i lone ot his relations 1,°'' rcvcn>.,;,.rhi.nfclf.„J,f M 111 rhnr turn, and cui„;"| VntlyconlidacJthec-!'!''1 fa.Ti(iccd.and<,il,red;'"«l [lorn which once rei;'-' Icl .s ft.ll cotnincoi;; hihcmaro.andthcpr,|] lo be peculiar c ■lij "8 '•'r-'rtcril,.; ■f. i a. I hpoducesavcryloud,;,,,, h.Wohhj;c.ltobr,nM^;' ccafions. they 1.,.^^ ' .toa„extrnva,.a,„and;'-' onhi.,<,cdn,„uo,hcn„^ J;ebc(.nindtoh..vcaa ^ aie changed for oihcr 'vi yhe l,atallh,srdai„v,;,: Ihclamclcvcrity,,,;; illp'-dumc to apply t,^;. A nd, agreeably t,, hue ' ' 'l'""ld give the na,M,. ir favourite dog* j^j (,,,;; unilbmcnt for,„il,n.; vercign. if ahufobeo"''.' the otK;ndeicfcobl,^,d,byKc,d;„,;; 'C h.>uu- il,u5h„„ourc,l.,:5 irtot lis lurniturc, „ h,.,. ^^r t„ him, when ,. rcic-i' hol.ratanvpart:uil;.' ; oth.,ed.o.t.iifau,„U pay the lame hon.)u;s H, «) the (irft part of ,hf „„. ly uncover to :he fciaV, (j- 'hey leciii even f.,p,,||,.,„, I eltcem bi> ()er(i,„|,t,if cli •'i-'P'i.tothdcuriuinib. , elfionof hisda(iii;„o,r iJ xh; allow him-holj||.fC > at the lame tiinp.ihr.'wl ore iwwerful J jncllj,,[!u; government o( the wlioi« rrigning family '«fom;;,. itly,asVVahei.nlooan.t,.f,;, my dtllriCts ol ()p,urav. ■ealmod e.iual, mcitcn.-.a I>elidc3, thcad.jnt,vcu(, wri ol the ifland. Ilisuj. '•» «( their fupeiiufiu ; i, fc of Otahciie-iMif, uh,Kii ontcmptible Humor.,, , ne. their chief Ihoj:,! ,. .• fiilei the ercf lie hoi, 1(1,1 bl "«eilul ihielsj ihcnujif tcou or toutou. rcfvaiii.,u(| eachnfthelc,a.vordirj;iJ 1 ihfirujnnfChmiiHiihwJ a; but if withanyin'iiwj nn, and a child beta-, ill Tk of the lather, iinlfi^lKl 'iiclicafe It ij killed. I; J chule an inlefi(irpcrl'o(i:j| ehildnn he haiby hcu I be caught ill an mv^^t ith a woman of the blood-royal, he is put to death. f ht- fon of the ercc de hoi fucceeds his father in title d honours, as foon as he is born ; but if he fhould have 110 childrci.. 'he brother alTumes the government hjs death. In other families, pofTefllons always de- fctnd to the elded fon; but he is obliged to maintain his broihers and fifters, who arc allowed houfes on his ' !• The boundaries of the feveral diftri kill him. But fo feverc a punithment is feldom intlivi'.d. unlcfs the articles that arc lbil,n be re, koiied virv valuible, fiich as brcall plates, and plaited hair. If on'y ".h'th, or even hojjs be Holen, and the tliiet (fijnr, upon his being afterward dilcovered, it he pio- niifc to reairn the fame iiumln-r of jiicces ol cloth, or of hiH'S, no farthir punilhiiunt is iidlided. Soine- tini,-s,''aftrr kcepini; out of the way fur a few liays, he IS fiii; veil, or at moll, gets a llight beating. If a perlon kill nnother in j ijuarrcl, the fric-'ds ol the dtceaftd alRiiihlc, and engage the furvivor and his a.lhercnts. It they conquer, they take poffellion of i!ic houfc, lands, and goods, ol the other party ; hut il compiered, the reverie takes place. If a nia- nahiKiiif kills the toutou, or (lave of a ch ef, the latter fends people to take p ilfeKion o! the lands and houfc ol the former, who flics either to tome other part of ifif iilaii or to fome of the neighbouring illands. Alter fiinr months he returns, and finding hs (buk of tiojs niuih inircifed, he ojTers a large prclentof thcfe, with red feathers, and other armies, to the toutiiii'i iiullcs whogenrraliy accept* llic comuenlalion, and ()<■flnlt^ I. Mil to rcpifrdu bis houfe ami lands. This ynthiris the hn^ht of venality and iM|tillicei and the liayif •! 'he (livr fcems lo be imdi i ivi lattlur necef- fity c»f a()f (/(clin};, (hill lo impole iiimiii the lower clafs ot p<''• fo vcni.il an iiU'ciU e ami'iig a |K-iiplc, who do not conlider it at any ciime to mmde' iliiir o«ii ( hildten. Wbenlalking tnthein abo;ii fucb inllances of imnaiural ciiielty, andalViiig, wlutherlb'.- rliiils or prim ipal were not angry, and did ;iot piinilh them? 1 was told, that the chief neither could nor would intetlere in Inch taCes; and that every one bad 1 lig'it to do with his own child w'h>>l he plealed. " I'hough the prcKluchons, the pruplc, the cuf- toiiis and maiinrrs of all the illands in the iieiglibour- huoil, may, in general, Ixr reckoned the fame a.s at Otahcite, there arc a few diircrences which Ihould be nuntioiied, a< this may lead to an eni|iiiry about more material niics hereafter, it fuch theie be, of which uc are now ignorant. With regard to the little ifland of Mataia, orOfnaburgh Ifland, which lies twenty leagues eaft of Otahcite, and belongs to a chief of that place, who gets from thence a kind of tribute: there a difTc- rcnt dialed from that of Otahcite is fpoken. The men of Mataia alfo wear their hair very long; and when they fight, cover their arms with a fubltancc which is bcfct with fliarks teeth, and their bodies with a fort of Oiagreen, being Ikin of fifhes. At the fame iimt, they are ornamented with polifhed peail Ihells, which make a prodigious glittering in the fun; and they have a very large one that covers them before, like a (hield or brcall. plate. Bat Otahcite is remarkable for pro- ducing great quantities of that delicious fruit wc called apples, which arc found in none of the other iflands, except Eimco. It has alfo the advantage of producing an odoriferous wood, called Eahoi, which is highly \alued at the other ifles, where there is none; nor in the foiith-eall peninfula, or Tiaraboo, though joining it. Huaheiiie and Kimeo again, arc remaikablo for producing greater quantities of yams than the other idands. And at Mourooa there is a par.icular bird, found upon the hills, much efteemed for its white feathers; at which place there is alio faid to be fome of the ap|)!cs, though it be the inoft remote of the .Soiiety Illands from Oiabcitc and Limeo, where they are produced. " Though the religion of all the iflands be the fame, each of them bis its particular or rutelar god, wbofc n,:mes, according to the bed iiiturmation I could obtain, arc enumerated in the following lill. Gods of the Tannc Ooro Tanne Olla Otoo, ee weiahoo Tamouee Ta roa i.)roo had 00 Oviroo Opoonooa and VVhatootcrce T.ioboo, 1 oybooai and 7 Ry maraiva j Taminaree Isles. Huahcine IHietca Otaha Bolabola Mourooa Toobacc r Tabooymanoo, or < Saundtr's Illand, I. lubjcct to lluahcinc. Eimeo C Otahcite and I Oiaheitc nooe Tiaraboo C Mataia or I Ofnaliurgh Ifland The low illands call ward. " Belidcs the cUiftcr of high iflands from Mataia to Mour(K)a inclulive, the people of Otahcite are ac- quainted with a low uninhabited illand, which they name Mopeeha, and feeins to be Howe's Illand, laid down to the wellward of Mourtnia in our late charts of this ocean. To this the inhabitants ol the ii,ort Ice- ward illands fometimes go. There arc alio feveral low idinds to the norlh-eartward of Otaheitc, which they have fometimes vilited, but not conllaiuly ; and are faid to be only at the dillance ot two days fail with a lair wind Ihcy are ihiis named Mataeeva, Oanaa or Oaiinah, laboohoi-, Awebcc, Kaoora, Orootooa, and Oi.ivaoo, where au large pearls. " I'he inhabitants ol thefe illands come frequently to Otahcite and the other neighbouring high iflands, from whole iiuiives ihcy dilkr in being of a darker colour, wiih a fiercer afpeiit, and dillerently punctured. i was inlormcd, that at Mataeeva, and uiheis of them, it is the culloiii for the men to give then daughters to Itrangcrs who arrive among tbenu but the pairs muU be li\c nights lying near each olh.r, without prcfumiiig to proceed farther. On the lixih evening, the faiher of the young woman treats his gueft with loud, and informs his daughter, that Ihc mult that niglic nceive hull as her hulbmd. The Itranger, however, mull not olllr to exprels the Irall dillike, thjugh the bcdicllow allotted him be ever fo dilagreeable i lor tins is con- lidered as an unpatdunablc atiiont, and is punifhed wilt) i ■■Ii , + I'lti: 'W !-■< m ... Ii i tmi 'I'Ml I 5" Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES C O M 1' L K T E. I ■ I. .» h. : M' ' : i'} m Ji^4AiiaM 'Ih h ii with death, Fortv men of Bol.>bola, who, incueJ by curiofity, had roamed as tar as Mataecva in a canoe, were treated in this manner-, one of them having incautioufly mentioned his di(lii» ith much hofpitality. Thcfc low ifles arc, doubtlels, the farther navigation, which thofe of Otah.Uf, and the Society lllands. perform at prcleM. It lo-ms to be a gr.Hindlrts lupfwfi'.ion, iv.adc by M«ar. dc Bnv-.wnville, hy whom wc- arc told, that chcC- people lo.ii-nmcs navigate at the dahnce ol more than three uindred leagues. I do not believe thev rrsakc voy-ges at t»w prodigious extent ; for it is reckoned a fort of pr«*g>'. that a can«»<-. once driven by a llorm from Otahewr. fhnuld have (alien in with Mopccha. or Hmmes tLtmd, though fo iicir, and di- iCLtly to kcw.ird. The knowledge that they have of other diftant illands is, no doubt, traditional; and ha» been communicated to them by the native ot tliofc iflands, driven accidentally upon their coal!-, who, beliiics givinu them the names, could calilv inform them ot the direttion in which the places lie Irom whence thfv came, and of the number k was fcnlible, that, with relpcct to tlic Erincipal objea of hi* inllruttioiis, our voy.ige might e contidered, at this time, as only at its commence- ment ; and therefore, his attention to whatever might contribute tow.tids our fafcty and (mal luccchi, was nou to he exerted, i\ u were, an< w. We had, w ith this view, examined into the fbtc ol our provilions at the iflands *e had laflvilited; and having no*, on leaving them, proceeded beyond the cMcnt ol (ormer difiove- ' ries, an accurate furvey was otdend to tie taken of all the (lores that were in each (hip, ihaf. by being fully inftjrmed of the quantity and condaion ol every .iriicic, we might kiiitw how to ufc them to the grcatill .id- vantage. We had alio, iKfore we had ijuittcj thi Society Ifles, laken every oppoilunily of eni|uiriug ol tin- natives, whether there were any idamis lituate in a northerly or nortli-wellerly direction from them, but It did not appear that they knew a' any. We Ihoulil now pioceed with the prsgrcf* ol the voyage, after our leaving the So( iciy Illinds; but fliall (Icier It for the tommencement of the next chapter; m Oi.ler to lay before Oiir readers an hdloru at and geo- graphical account of the north-wi II parts o( North Aiiieiica, beginning froMi the illhiinu of Daiien : alfo .in account ol the mull iciuJikjI^lt lihnds Uiuai.cd in the high laritudcs, which, with thcdcfcriptions alrcad' given, in the courfc ot this w(,rk, of feveral iOjuj^ ' the Indian fcas, wnl lonii a complete, full, and int.V > hiftory of all the places, old and new dilcovctiK mentioned and touched at, by all our moll celt'iijiJ circumnavigators: for which account, wc ackiumlcj,- ourfelves chictlv indebted to that >i:ti,l.i ,iilmnci 2i appn-j, liv.rk, MlI.l.AU's NF.W ami U\l VKUsai SYSTEM P/GKOGKAIMIY, novv fulUJlmg ,„ ,,";,,^ zvnkly wimirrs, prirr on'y Sixpi-niy iihli, <'"'/'i/'V/A-,/ •,,,;, C.oppir-ptairs ,• tiiul may /"■ ImiA if the PiiMij/.u ) , NJ r, 1 1,,, , in Palirinjlcr-iox, or '/any ik'AfclUr, Sc:t.Ji.ayi'uf J Slalkucr, iit Gri'at-lhil. tin, Inland, i£c. .Americus Vefpurio, a I'lorcntmc by birth, bcinir i,, 1497, Tent to improve thcdifcoverics made in 141)1 hv Columbus, gave to the (ourth quarter of the Wdillit,!. nanieof/Vmerica. This vad continent, (at kail vsii.ui ,. hitherto hen difcoverd) reaches from latitude 7s ,|nr N. to 56 dcg. S. That is i 34 ilcgrces, whi. h, taken \n\ ftrait line, nmount toujiwanlsof 804O miles in Icr.;; its breadth is > ;y irregular, bcmg in I'lnie plac.s A, j miles, and in others, as at the dill.in c ol D.m ■, ' Panama, not above 60 or ~o. The boundaries ale rii-tj to it, are the land about the pole on th,; nortli ; \:\,,^, ticCean, which fepar.ites it from Europe and Aii; ,,1 the eall ; another vad ocean or. the fouth, and t;i^. Pacific Ocean, ufually called the Somli Sci. «i,ni, divides it Irom Alia on the well. 1 low or when Am .. ri.a was firfl peopled, cannot be afcertaincul ; but it ;s molt likely ti: have been from the north of Alii; ti,f the natives of bot!i ihefe parts (till bear a {jrcat nlcm. blancc to one anoihtr in many refpects. North Anic. rica, which lonfliiutcs a gram! »livilion ol this vaii continent, and ofwhithwe pinpofe now to uv.\x „ fcparaied (lom the fnulhern part by tiie ilthimn ol Dariz-n, and extends from that idhmus to vmiIhh j tew .Ugrccs of th< north pole. In tin- period ol n,,,!,; than two centuries and a h^lt, geographers wer,' nut able to jfccrtam the liiii f< of ihc noithrrn extrciiuiv. th". was a talk to Ik peiloriiied by Captain Cook mhis third and lall voyage. Old Mexico, or .Vcvv Sjviin, a rich and evtinfuc country, was once a icgluv n.»ri hs, till the Spaniards, by whom it v«js at ; li itilVovercd, in ifyS, afterwards conqueied 11, ui.,l,r the command ot l-"ernando l^uitcz. Jt lies liitivnii feveii degrees ihirt) minutes, and thirty dcgrcci ii.ry m'nute'^ noith latitude, is aoDO miles loii:;, ()oa bunj where \udei>, has the illhmus of Darien on the loutli, New Mexico on the north, the gulph of Mexico nn the call, and the Pacili. Ocean on the well, h 1, ili- vided into the proviiucs o( Cjuadalajaia, Mex co, anj e.uaiimala, and is governed by a vicetoy. .M.xi. .1, conlidering iti (ituation in the iorr.il '/one, enjujj i temperate air. No country under heaven abomvii more with gram, delicious Iruits, root.s, and vegcial)!i:. On the wcllern coall, near the I'.icilic Ocean, are li.mc high mountains, mod of which are laid to be voLaiiOi'. .Several rivers rife in tlicfe mountains, and lall, funic into the gulph ol Mexico, and fomc itito the S uh Sea. on both which there are feveral capes and |i,n.i. In the rocky, barren parti of the countiy are tie (mIiI and filver niinci. There are, it is laid, levcral ol tie former, and no fewer than one thoiifand of the latter, Guid is allv. found in grains or dull, in the l.tnds ut rivrn or torrents. W'loevcr difcovers a n\\r\c of ^y\\ or lilvcr, ii at liticrty to work it, p.iying the kin^ .1 tenth of ih( produce, and limiting himfelt witliii) liiiy yarji round tf.' ulacc upon which hr hai tixi I. Alt l! ( (ilver and g'/d dug or found in grains, u in Spain and \le.xii(), imihiply exceedingly. Of the two (pecics of dcct peculiar to ('alifornia, that called tayc by the lutivcjn greatly elleemcd, and it.s tlefli as well tailed a'i veiiifiin. The coall is plentifully iUxkcd with birds, and there is a great variety of (id) in the gulph of C'a- lifornia, the Pacific Ocean, and the nvers. Though infects Iwarm here, as in inoft hot countries, yet on aicouiit of the dryncfs of the foil and climate, they arc nciiher novious nor troublcfomc There is one of the i;.hclt pcirl lilherics in the world, on the coaO, .ind there are fuppofed to be mines in the country. Ilcn arc two conliderable ri\ers, namely, Rio ("ol'orado, and Rio ilu Caimel, with fcvcral (mailer ftrcams, and fine pom, creeks, and roadj both on the call and well (lile, which IS the reafon of irs having been fo much Ireqiiented by Englifli privatt«-'< There arc, in the heart of the country, plains (/ 'At quite fiiin, and clejrai ciylhii. A guJt variety of lavage tribes inlia- iiit C.ilitornia. Thoic who live on the cart I'ule of the piniiirtilj are great enemies to the Spani»rd«; but in other p.iris, they fcei.i to he vcr) holpii,il>!'- ro all llf.mgct.s. I'hc inUnd country, tfpccially t" jrd» ihf north, is [xipulous. TK- Indians rcfcmbic ihoflc; for as the adjacent hills aic covered wuh inow, the air, even in the middle of luiumer, 13 lomctimc$ pretty lold, attended with frequent rains; the wmlcr however is not very inclement. In many pi ues mines of iron and copper have been difcovercd : the iron ore hath been toun.l 10 be coin- pad, of a yellow colour, inclining u> red ; and, in Ionic I irts, black metallic particles h.i\e been obfervcd, iii,;ii- compact than the red of the ore. This ore, «hen crude, could not be attracU'd by the load-done, hut, when cal< in#'< bcc.imc (b in a fmall degree. A lolid iron (jrc ha« duccd on the Uyphean mountains, having the mahu hites, 111 the form of (lalactitcs and Itataguitcs, in their cavities, vciy iKautiful, and capable of being poliU'e.l. Thcie IS great clioue of timber tor a v.muy of ufcs in Kamtf(hatka, as well ai abundanic of llirubs ot divcfJ kinds, thrv have uHb Itvcr.d excellent uiedi- b P cintl «; i ' \i ':>h p,' % ;i * '•! ''It'ti' Irl Si8 Cipt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. )i ! r- \^i i.j !*i i :\m'- *' il cinal plants. Barley, oats, jwas. turnips, &c. grow likc- wifc here. The grafs fprings up fo lalt, that they have three harvelhj and the blaJcs are frequently hve feet in height. This country abounds with tame and wild fowls. The wild animals arc, black and white bears, wolves, lynxes, boars, elks, and a kind of (lag very much like the tallow-dccr. The bear never attac ,s a man, unleis they find him aOccp, when they tear the fcalp olf the back part of the head, and fomctimcs intircly dellroy hmi. Foxes are alfo very numerous, Tome arc white, foiue redifli-yellow ; fomc grey, with a black Itrcak on the back, and arc much valued ; the white ones, however, arc alfo valued, as being fcarcer. There are alio black-chefnuts and blue brcall'd foxes ; and they arc in general too crafty tor their purfuers, their (aga- citv exceeding that of the other fpccits. The opulence of the country confills in its fables and ermines; the fiblcs which are fold at a high price, excel thofc found in any other part of the globe : the natives eat the flelh, and elkem it a very line food. Here is alfo loimd the gulo, or glutton j likewifc other kinds of Ixavcr, attheatis, rcm-Jeer, and fayga. The natives collect tliemlilves in companies to hunt thcfe animals J thev go ai the clofc of the wiiutr from the month ot .Viarih to the end of Apiil, taking pro- vilions with them. 1 he glutton, which hath a very fine fur, is a terrible enemy to the deer: it will dart itfclf from a tree upon a deer's back, and, fixing between the creature's horns, tears out his eyes : the artlicted animal, with excels ot agnny, tails to the ground, when the glutton drips his lleili Irom his bones. Dogs ate very niiiiarous,in this country : thefe re- feniblc the Kuropean, and live much ujx)n mice and filh; they fcntch up the giound lor the lormcr, and fc-.zc the othris Irom their llreams. Thefe dogs arc cxtriincly Iciviceabk to the iwtivcs, in drawing iheir Hedges over tl;e fnov : in the molt dreadtul weather, they fcarcc ever lofe their way. Several loi ts ot aiiiphib.ou;( animals .ire alfo in Kamtf- chatka. One is the lea-cow, about thirty Itct in length, aiui weighing lix or fe\'.ti thoufaiid pounds, the Ikin ot which IS lo hard, that tiarce an hatchet or axe will pe- netrate it. The rtclhol a young feacoiv, whtnpioperly boiled, has a goodtalle; the lean jwrt is (omcwhai iike \eal, and the tat part like pork. I he methiHl ol catching this animal is, by in iron hook llruck into it liy foiue men in a (mall vellel, then l\v a rcpe heU by people on Ihore, the lea cow is dra'.«n gradually to the land, while thofc in the vtllLl cut the creature with inltruinents in fevcrul parts of the hmiy, till it expires. It is not veiy (lillii.ult to take the lea-cow from its ckments, lor it felilom raifes its head above the furliitc ol the water, though its lides and b.ick .nc ol en Iccn. Sea-horIVs and fca-cats arc alfo nut with here: the latter have long hairs Handing out on each lide of their mouths like thole of a cat, and they weigh from five to eight thoul.ind pounds: their eyes .irc as l.irge as a bull's, ai.d they will Hy at people in bo.its ; even if they arc blinded by Hones thrown at them, they will not retire, but gnaw the very Hones that ate thrown j however, when once deprived of light, there is no grc.ii danger to be apprehended from thei.i. The male and tLitule dilVcrlxjth in lorm and difpolition j fo muih in foiiii, that they might be taken for ditleren! •nimah, end as to difpolition, the female is mild, mutiinlivc, and timid : as a proof of this, when j-i attcin^i is made to feizc a young feacit, and I'c iiwlr, by vi. goroull; defending it, alloi.W the Itniale in •y(H>rtU- iiiiy ot taking It oil' in its mouth i if, in thii vaU, the frmalf Ihould happen to drop it, the malr ^b^Mdoiu its a Ivcrlary, and, Hying directly at the temalc. ics her wiihali imaginable lury ! when the Utrer, l> lickitin his paws, and Hiewing every kind ol fuhmitinn, en- (Icivourt to mitigate his ngc. The I hy fivcral names given it from particular circunillancfi The Kjintfchadales arc llui.t in ftaturc, and rdciiiMc moll of the other mhab.iants of .Siberia, except ihii their faces arc foinewhat (hortcr, their mouths lari-r and their checks lulltr; they have dark hair, hoiiw eyes, fliarp noli s, and tawny complexions ; the lain ;j laid to be print ijwily owing to the influence of the i^i rcfleded liom the fnow in the fpring-feafon, whciuhc fnow Ins thick on the ground. .Son.c of the n\u\v who arc obliged to be in the woods cover their I.kw with a kind ot netting, to prevent the crt"ectsot'ihcli::i. beams darting on the fno.v ; for the cve-lijjiu futfirrsbr this refraction, as «ell as the complexion. Ihefepc^ pic drefs in ileer Ikiip, with the lur outwards; thin ufj alio, tor this purpofc, the Ikins ot dogs and other an;. m.ils. They often wear t«o^oats, tlic flecvis of th; outer coal re.:i hin;^ do«n to the knees ; they have j hood to ir, which in bail wcithcr Ictves tocoMiihe head; and they adorn the hack part with fl;uaiii of ikins, uHii foiiKtimes vjf liiks of diitttent colours. T|-|{ uomen wear the tame fort of ga.mcnts as the men though theircoat, or rather waillcoat, fits clola tuthcr bodies, and is decorated with ll-j'sof red, btue.'anilvd. low cloth, anil lotnetiincs ribband, or woollen hl^. lo this wailleoat is joined a fort ot petticoat coming jlxwt half way do*n the Irg. Ihe men wear a lca[:icr h - i lined w ith mats. Theh ^re their w ir.t< .• iwellin^s; roi are their fummer retreats much niort clcgam, except thai they are built on nc fui lace ol the earth, and « i rather iiiorc re;;ulurit) Thele, it is truc,are bull; i , i on pillows, wi:h beams thrown a< rofs ihcm, ontthLv.a tloor is fixed, wuli aiot»* rilit^ Irom • uh lide to a ecu- tiical jioint; and, indeed it i> ncrtlfuy that their fuiii- mcr habitations llnmld In- thus high, elle ihe inhabitin;i W(>uM he m coiniiuul d.ingrr ii mi the wild l'fl^ They •*t out of tviwls, or iroiiglis, with their dc^-, 'Hd IK vet walh thcii> alt^rwards. ^^r lliall ni»>v ti«k>. notice of liioir niartiagcJ. \V!i.i a iii«« haih met with a )oung unman that he like*, h ciig»fn «j the fervice of her parcnti, and, sli" ili; (XpiiaUvii COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 5^9 hat there is fcarcc any j.f Jlcr and more dditau',, ■ithouc oil. ' ''5 flthatka ..re. eagle,, h,,,^. bns, ducks, ciickow., ,„, ' • A bird called the T has a beautiful fpot on,\ lath this (i.ot. there arc ff',' ■he middle, and ed.-cd vi (f, belly, and leg,, aV„;; ! on the coaa of thecal. Igreen Ihaiiks. puffins &■ Bca-nven. and utile ' '' luljs. andgn.,ts. arefom, ^Jhelattcrarefotfoub; tobliged to va.l their (a^t, IHies, lonningcoiumnsj^ :a inhabit the fouthcrnmr rrMwtis.nhaWtcclby^h; IrhcKiinlcs; but thcW .imtfch.itka. though i'hy ruMcuIar circun.ibrcr, •mlbture. .n.ndrclcniM; "'"' •^J''"--'". '-xccptth,, iiir, their mouths lar,. , ) ''.'vc dark hair, hoi!';,; tomple.xions; thclat,f..j ti) the influenccof :hc' I ic (pring.(br„n. wht.i'tl id. .Son.c of the n.,t:,,.' ■•woods cover their |.,c' ^^ventihecjflrtsotihc'i... forthtcvc-li^lufufo;^ tcinplcxion. Ihcfcpco: tilt lur outwards; iho ui. ins ot doys and orhcr r-' JuMts, ilic neevn of [fc. ' 'fi*-" "^'ici-i; they have ^ c.ihcr (cr\cs toto,i.r;ht back part w itl, n.iudi ot or diitt tent colours. l>,{ cf t;a.nicnts .is tht rrrn ailtcoat.riiscloicrtuihcr ifl.|.iotral,bIue,jnj,.j|. wild, or woollen lilt. '!„ ut petticoat coming about ^' men wear ,1 Icji.ht hdi ri' covered w:ih d.ilcrtri illKin cips or h,its, j^j t^^h bark; loiiie hju apj •let tlu-irluirfjromn/i ait it, and lunj^ hull ;,•:,■;. I. th.i: aiebUikuiihoJ.', I'iait ihcir hair. asMchi ■'111 thcinrclvtb. but I,*: «■•>• neither cut their rm:; 't ra« lldii. carrion, (hlc • how (ilthy foevf- ,[ ii', covcrcii withgrj; 'k.Msofthcaniiruljiix^ iievl, .ind yitlJlng^^ ' ■ ht!. in their hi \ *i on thi) , V iie huts • ■ ■ 111 I'll,, .,1 eir v\inti.-:lwfliin^s,r.o; ■ h more ck-j;ant, csctpt icot the earih, anJu /i ', It in true, arc built! ,, I *cro(ii them, iinuhii;;4 from ■ uh(idetoalt:• ^ff<(l.,ly that ihcir lull,. •"Kh, tKeihcinhabinnii ■ liom the Willi I'M ''is, with their (li>£ . , . a iheirniarriagc*. Wl, . tiiMian that he likci, : I'atciHs, and, alter li' fspiratinn of a limited time of fervirude, obtains either I ocrinifiif" to marry her, or isdifmilicd with a requital L his fervice. If he has leave to marry, the nuptials commci"'" immediately, and the whole ceremony con- lifts ill gripping the bride naked, whofe cloaths, how- fvcr iK fo faft bound by ftraps and girdles, that he finds it no cafy talk to accompiifli his purpofc ; at this ilj, f^.yeral women (helterand protedl her from him; ^lio however, feeking an opportunity to find her lefs ,jijfje((_ makes fre(h efforts to undrcfs her: but if flie rifs (Hit. and her exclamations bring adiftance, the women who come fall upon the man, fcratching his face, tcinng his hair, and otherwife rouj^hly treating him ; till the bride, Ihcwing fome concern for his fituation, ami the women becoming lefs violent in their afTault, the man at length fuccceds, and then retires from her, who however culls him back, and acknowledfics in a Ibft plaintive tone, that he has conquered her. Thus the ceremony ends, and the next day the happy couple re- jjf toihchut of the hulli.ind. In about a week atter- lafd$ they make a vilit to the wife's parents, where ilicy Icbratc the marriage fcall with the relations of both pities. Some of the men marry three wives, who in Lncraliivc friendly together, and are never jealous. It lulccmcda very capital otfence in a woman to procure ihoftion. yet if twins arc bom, one of them mull be delirovcd. I'hc women put their infants in a balket fillcncd to an elallic pole, which is calily moved with ihe loot, to rock them. As foon a< they tan ftand on ihcir legs, their mothers leave t!u-m to themlelves, fullering them to roll on the ground any where j they are moll commonly half naked, and begin to walk at a lime when a child in Kuropc would not be able to {land. ThiTe ])eopIe never bury their dead, but of;en give thein to the dogs; and fay, that as the deccal'ed arc thus (Icvourcil by dogs, thty will enfure to liicmfclvcs a plea- fant carri.ii;'-- in lledges drawn by tine dogs in the other vorlil. '1 his abominable cultom, however, is not uni- vcrfally pradiled j fomc leaving ihcirdc.id in their hut, and leek a new habit uion. I'he apparel of the de- ctaffd pcrfon is always thrown away, from a lupcrlh- tious notion, that wiioever ftiould wear it would meet with fonie dreadful calamity. They travel on liedgos drawn by dogs; their number ii generally four, which arc driven by a w hip. The i)er- lon in the flcdgc is leated on the right fide of it, with his fat hanging over, and is obliged to balance himlclf with great care, lell the Hedge lliould overfet. Where ihc roads are in tolerable condition, they can travel to a great dillance in a Qiort time, carrying wiih them pro- vilions, ivc. They lometimes travel, in this manner, about thirty wcrfts. that is, upwards ot twenty-three niiles in a day. They hunt the bear, among other ani- niali; on which occalion they ufe rackets to walkup>n the fnow with, arming themlelves with piko, and ink- ing dogs with them to ptovoke the animal. They llien wait till he comes out of his enclofiire, tor they would attack him to great difadvantagc while he remained there t bccaufe the fnow being very firm in that piace, ihehearwould heable to avail himfellofall hisllrength; but the inilant he comes out, he finks into the fnow, and while he ii driving to difengagc himfcit, the hunters with their pikes ea(il> dellroy h'm. They drels their feal-lkins m the following mmner; they firll wet and fpread out the Ikin, and w iih Hones fixed in wtxxl fcrape ott all he fat; then they rub it with caviar, roll it to- gether, and tread uii it ; they afterward • fcrape it again, and repr.ii tk- firl( pait ol their proccis till the Ikin is inoroui'hi ( leaned and loft. They pi ?parc in the fame inanik. iliini of beaver, deer, dt)gs, &c. When the nirn aic not employed in hunting, or tilhing, they weave iui«, and ' onftrud Hedge inl boats; and in the fpring »nd liiHMur they proi uic the ncccllarics of life, a- i lat up » iKire tor the fucceeding winter. The wv make 1 the dr.^vl Ikins of lillics. uid partunlarly of the lo. I hey ufe (i boariiofdry wihv) to light ihcit tircj-, this board are fevcral rniinj holes, into one , olwhikl putting (he end of a fmall round Itick, ihcy roll it backwards and forwards till the wood takes fire by the fridion. The people of this country are arrant cowards, and ye: fcem todefpifclife, through an innate kind ot lUipidity. They never attack tlieir enemies openly, unlefs com- pelled to it ; but fteal privately to their huts, and trc;ic them moft barbaroudy, cutting them to pieces, and even tearing out their entrails: theic cruelties areexcr* cited with triumphs and llioutsof joy. Whenever they hear of a foe advancing towards thcin, they tetire to fome mountain, and fortify it as i'.ron;^ly as jioirible : it* there be a probability of the enemy getting the bettcf ot them, they immediately cut the" ihio.its of their wives and children, and then meet their aflailants with a frantic rage, felling their lives as dear as polTiblc. Their weapons arc bows and arrows, and fpcars. The relig ous notions of the Kamtfchadaks are pretty fingular. They erect a fort of pillar on lome plain, and cover it with a parcel of rags. Whenever t'ney p.ifs by this pillar, they throw at it lome tilh or Hclli, and avoid killing any bird or bcall near it. They think thac woods and burning mountains arc inh.ibited by evil fpifits, whom they live in great fear of, and make thcin olferings; tome of them have idols in their huts. They havea very imperfect idea of a fuprcmc Being, and think he can neither difpenfe happinels nor mifery : the name which they have for the Deity, is Kutchu. They re- verence fome particular aninials, from which they ap* prchend danger, and lomctinu-s otRr liies at the holes of loxts ; they implore wolves not to hurt them, and befeech amphibious animals not to overfet their boats. Many of thom, however, adopt the RulTian mannersj and coiuemn the cuftoms of their country ; they have been inllructed by Kullian milfionaries in the Chril- tian religion ; and IchoiiLs have been creeled for their :liildren. They ftrictly obfcrvc the law of retaliation : if one man kills another, the relations of the perfoti killed dellroy the murderer. They puiv.lh thef;, by burning the lingers of the thief. Beture the KuHians coiuiuercd t!iem,thcy had fuch liequent intcihne broils, that a yi.ir tardy patftd without tome village being inuiciy liiined. Great luMK'k is made in this country by the fmall- pox. The fcurvy, with the irregularities of p.ireius, bring a varictf^f difeafes upon their oHspring, to cure which, they apply roots, herlx, cc. . Ihc mannci in whi. h tliefe people live in their huts, and then ivcefsof dcb-iuchery, contribute to iiu-,c the vt ncie.il dilcale very frequent amotig them. Tluy have a Jiiorder cadcd the lulliutoli, which IS a lurt o; Icah, to which they appiy the raw Ikinot a hare tocautea luppuration. I iiev urC like- wife tubjcvfl to the pally, jaunitor, tHHl)>, cancers, and oth.r diforders. T here arc three volrannes in Kamtfchaika, the lirlt IS that of Awatcha, to the nor a*ard ol the bny ot that name ; it is a chain of moun'si -s, the b;:fe of whii.h is covered with trees, and extcnila to the biy. Tlic mid- dle forms a kind ot amptiuheatie, and (l.c various lummits which are (pim cannot be viewed without ex- citing the mot* iwtui ideas. 1 hey nhiavf' emit fmokc, but rarely firr. 1 here was indeed a terrible erupt on of I'mokc ami citnier,. in tlie luinmer ot ;!ie year i • j?, but It only continued one div; man\ of the cmdeu weighed almoll two pound vortKipoife. This crup- tion was the torerurincr oi a ti irihW earthquake, whicN hajipened on the n uh ol the i r>iuing October, anil t\ a quarter of an luxii oveitoined all the tents and huts of the Kaimfchad.des, Iningai co'\(panied by a lingu- lar elibini; and tlowm^ ot the lv,»» \\hKii at lull role to the heikjhl of twenty feet, ^S^^ ,,ink, and rctiicd to an unufo.»rdiUi»noc. il Uvxi *Hi.i i-'ie higher tl.:i at full, ind f«di;-?»A linking a)vA.n, ictired lo alkwiliingly f.ir Horn the -ainwn low water mark, that it wa- for a con- liderable tuiK' ioH lothc eye. A; length the eartliquakc was repealed, tWc Ua retiiri;c>.i vnkc more, ind role to the height of two hundred feet, ovei \\ he!iiio>l the whole coall.aiid then finally renicd,:ittei havinsMirftroyed the goods, rattle, and many ot the lives of the inh.^'oit.ints, and k*; Several lake* oi falt-waterin the lower gtounds und adifeiH licld», 'ihc Iccond volcano illu. 3 from Igine ' '-if ■m' I i.ii 1 !!.; I .J, :.M'. '.1 h fomc mountains (in:atcd between the river of Kamtf- thatk;iand tiiatof Tobolfkt. Nothing was ever known to exhale from tliis but fmokc, till the year 1739, when it vomited a torrent of Hamcs, which dcftroyed all the neighbouring lincHs. The third volcano ilFues from the highcll mountains in Kanufchatka, on the banks of the river of that name. It is environed by a clufter of l( (Ter mountains, and the head is rent into long cre- vices on every liiie. Its greateft eruption began Sep- tember 25, 1737, »nd continued a week, which, with an earthquake that followed, did very confiderable damage. In tlie fouthern extrciuity of Kamtfchatka there are hot fprings: they form rivulets, and run almofl the length oi tlie river Ozernaya which ilFues from the lake Ku- riifky, and then join that rtreamj the waters, however, have no very confiderable degree of heat in them. There is a mountain near the river Pandia, from whofe fummit a prodigious catarad of boiling waters run to a confiderable diHance ; and continue boiling up to the height of a foot, till they lofe themfelvcs in fe- veral lakes, which contain a great number of iflands. I'Vom this mountain the inhabitants obtain fome beau- tiful Hones, on which they fet a great value, on account of their adii'irable variegated colours, which arc merely the crt'ccfls of the different powers of heat, humidity, and fnt'lion ; for thcfe Hones arc wafhcd from the moun- tains, and arc polifhcd by the abovementioncd hot and impetuous waters. During the winter, a great quantity of fifh harboun j;, the river of Kamtfchatka. In the fpring when thojA breaks, th?y attempt to get to the fca; but the native watch the heads of the rivers, and take a great numbt- of ih''m in '. kind of nets ; fome they dry in the fum! mer, and lay by for their winter food ; and from others they extrad the fat, or oil, by means of red hot fton,. which they carefully refcrve for a great variety of uio ' New Albion. This vaft tradt of land, and all i^. N. W. parts of America, arc put down by all our gav graphcrs, in their maps and cnarts, as Terra incognm or parts intircly unknown. Sir Francis Drake, imlctd difcovcred a port in nearly 40 deg. N. latitude, which he entered, and where he remained five weeks. In 1601 Martin Aguilar entered a ilrait in latitude 45 dcg. 1: and another was difcovcred by Juan dc Fuca in 1C92, Ail the other parts of the coaft, except CapeEliasin i^^ titude 60 deg. and fome land difcovcred by the Sia. niards, have remained objeds of invenigation, to be (\. plored and accurately marked by our gallant Cum. mander, Cjptain Cook, whofe difcoveries in thefc pari) as high as Cape I'rince of Wales, nc.ir the Arctic Circle; together with an account of his death at an illand, called O-why-hcc, near Kamtfchatka, will be the fubjcds of fome of the following chapters, in the continuation of this hiflory of his third and lall voy.ij'r to which wc lliall now proceed. CHAP. X. Tbf Rffohttion itnii Difcr^ery, nftrr tbt ir drparture from ibe Sviriy ljh<, frofrcuU tlteir Z'cy.ij^r—Obi'/hi.u /jluiJ ilifoirrr.i li-hcrc tlvy <;••(• fiipplifJ pie'itiftilly ivilb fitb and turtle — ,1 Solar Edip/i: 'ihferile "uinds — Strii'/uics on Mirltn d'.huilur'i fiiirr, and fiHaci of Jiut de Fuel's piciciiM'd Jlr.iit — 'tht R'fi'ution aid Dfcovcry anchor in an inlet in I lope Bay, where tbey are v: filed hi n^mtm of tbe native)'— An account if their bibaviour—Tbe two jhips enter tkefjMnd, amitiMr in acomnndiout barbour — yaritrn incident .uid tranjuilions, during our tnlercomft- icttb toe natives — Ibcir In-bmiour at the villar^es, -.vbile u: '»adf i proj^cji roiohi the found — A remarkable v/it from Jirangers — A fccond vifit itone of the villages — (.irafs purcbiifcd—Di- pjrture <,i tbe flips after an rxcbangerf prefenls — Dirc'lions for fai.i"g into ti degN. latitude, which lined five Weeks. In 163, lit in latitude 45 dee }} y Juan dc Fuca in ug,' •.except Cape Elias in V difcovcrcd by the Sm jfmvenigation. tobtV d by our gallant Com." difcovericsmthefepar,, Wales, ne,u the Arctic sunt of his death at a„ »r Kamtfchatka, will he llowing chaptCM. in the ns third and lall voyagf bn/Jm.-,s ljh„Jd,/„ura, T'"'pJrn'min.itfJS,i„J. ti:,s a^r/-,- wiib ibiff ''"/':fi'l/ilii''ti'»f,tS.irJ. h>M- ill S.:>i,ixub ljU:i coun!,y—DlJt,i„ltia ,f r, nuJ f,,!hc\ of jM-i J "re vifiied'hy „:„nht,s n.lms barbmr—yar'mt "■' — ^ '^fi'us and fr.tr. -Kctimksen^Mdfp'a. ; Ihe /iwid, m 'xhub ihi n this fcarch, rfporttii boat could landj but c (lioal water, without ig Chridinas-d^y.iwo liijJ, to esaniinc rwrc able to land ; am), at rdcrcil out, to filh at a fc lall returned about iiiny Tilh as Hc:(;hc.l Encouraged bvih ; ill alter breakfall, anJ her boat to vie* ih , however, he found ii) ts that had hern fjit it noon ; and the iiul- refwricil to CajHu ii ilcs 10 the northwar I, '. land, and a channel rt 9s a proper plate lot »)lftliis entrance tic enow were llationiM. c weighed, aild, aim in over a bottom oi id lying at the iiiuiiili lid) is a chanii 'I loa.l- ; the HAtci in thf la ^'twn COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYACjE— To the PACIITC OCEAN, he. S2f P itfcif is likewifc very lliallow. In the morning fthc »6th, Captain Gierke was ordered to fend out a ^,t with an officer, to the (outh-cad part of the b-oon, in quert of turtle ; and Captain Cook went himfdi. with Mr. King, each in a boat, to the north- caftpar't. It was his intention to have gone to the calkrn extremity; but the wind not permitting it, he and Mr- King landed more to leeward, on a iandy rtir where they caught one turtle. They waded through the w.iter to an illand, where they found only a few birds. Captain Cook, leaving Mr. King here to obferve the fun's meridian altitude, proceeded to the land that bounds the fea toward the north-weft, which he found even more barren than the lall men- tioned iflc; but walking over to the fca-coaft, he obfcrved three turtles dole to the Ihore, one of which he caught. He then returned on board, as did Mr. King won afterwards. Though fo few turtles were ob- fcrved by thefc two gentlemen, wc did not dcfpair of a fiipplvi f^ur f*""^ of the ollicers of the Difcovcry, who had been afliore to tho fouthward of the channel leading into the l.ngoon, bad more fuccefs, a. id caught many. I'bc next morning, being Saturday, the 26th, the cutter and pinnace were difparchcd under the command of Mr. King, to the fouth-e.ift part of the idand, within the lagoon to catch turtle ; and at the fame time the fmall cutter was lent towards the north lorthc fiinc purpofe. Sunc of tlaptain Gierke's people having been on iliore all night, had iKcn fo fortun.iie astoturn upivards (if forty turtles on the fand. whuh were this d.iy brought on board ; and, m the courle ol the afterno Cajitain Cook, rcquefted that the boai* might lie order, d round by fea. as he had ddcovered a landing place on the fouth-e.ift tide ot the illand. where the gtcaieft numbers of turtle were caught ; to that, by di^jatching boats thither, the trouble ot car- r,ing them over the land, as we had hitherto done, to the inlide of the lagoon, would be laved. Tuclday the jotn. two gentlemen belonging to the Difcovery returned, who. aicompanicl by Suneiin W(XKirotV, the gunner's mate, and ten iVamen, h.ul itirectcd their courfc, on the 26th. to the iioith ealt tiuirtcr, in the cutter, having each man a pint of brandy, and a good (luantity of water on Iwaid. About noon, they arrived at the ne( k ot land, over w hich they were to travel on foot, to come at the place where ihe turtle were known to harbour; and where it was dan- frnius to attempt to approach them by lea. on ac- (ount of the furf. Here they fecured falely their cutter, and creeled mar the fliorc a kiml ot but. to which they carried iheir provilions. and lat down to rclrelli. This ilonc, they agreed to divide, and putlue ihcir fport in diftercnt parties. Accouiingly they fct out, and before the next morning they had lent in l:vttal turtles. This they did by placing tluni acrofs a uiuple of oars in the manner ol a bier, and m kerp- i ii; a man employed m conveying them from the pljcc where tluy were turned, to the cutter. When they grew tired of their diverlion, they repaired 10 the I'lacc o( rtnde/vmis; but it w is fome lurpri/e to the 'cll, when, at nine in the morning the two gentlemen and the ii;u;;ner» mate were milling. It was con- ■.Imlcil, that ihcy had gone too far wiihin land, and that they had either lo'.l their way, or lome accident had befallen them, perhaps from natives liirkmg Ic- No. 64. cretly in the woods, though notie had openly appeared. Under thefe apprchcnfion^:, two of their niinncrs, Bartholomew Lorcman and Thomas Trcclicr. were fent out in fearch of them, each carrying a gallon of water, with brandy, and other retreihmcnts, in ca(e they Ihould meet with thegentlcnu-n in their way. In a wild uncultivated country, over-run vvilh bufiies and clofe cover, the reader, who has never been bewildered, can have no idea of men's being loft in the Ihort Ipacc of a few miles; but fo, however, it happened to our gentlemen ; who, invited by the mixed melody of the birds in the woods, left their people as Ibcn as tl.ey had properly ftationed them, and entered an adjoin ng thicket, with their guns. The fport thc-y nut witb led them on till night began to clofe upon tlicm ; w lien they found thcnifelvci at agreacdiilancc Irom ihc turt- lers, and in ihv. inidil of a tracklefs cover, with nothing but tall trees to dircd their return ; but what was more alarming, the fun was no fooner let than a thick fog fuc- cccded, which involved the woods in darknels, though the open beach remained clear. In vain they attcinpteJ to regain the Ihore ; for, inlUad of being able to diiccrn the trees they h.id marked to feciiic tlieir leiurn, they could hardly fee one another at three yards dif- tancc. In this lituation, tliey loon began to lofe all knowledge ol their way; and left, mikad of proceed- ing in the right courle, tluy lliould purine a conti.iry dirccfion, they agre^ d to lit do.vn to reft, and lor that purpofe chole the lirft convenient Ipot that chance threw in their way. Though their minds were troubled, they had fcarcc fet themfelves down, when lleep goc the better of anxiety, and tliey lay compofed, till at- tacked by fw.irms of black ants (creatures more poi- fonoiis than bugs) with which they were in a manner covered when they awoke, and lo disfigured and tor- mented with their Imes and bl.fters, that it is hardly polFible to delcribe their iliftn fs. Thus cinun:- Itanced, their firlt care was to clear thcmlelves |r,)ni thefe vermin by llnpping themfelves na^cd, and Iweeping them oft with biufties made of the wings of the birds they had killed ; this dont, they clothed themlelves again, in oider to renew their attempts to recover the Iliore; but all in viin. The fanner they walked, as it ap(>eared alterwards, the farther they went allray. At length, lulpei^ting iheir error, they rc- folved to remain ftationaiy, and each man. placing himfeU againll an ad]oining tree, endeavoured to con- fole himlcif as wel' as he could till morning, when the ap[x-krancc of the .'un enabled them to judge ot the courle they were to lurfuc j but m a trackLfs wildcr- ncls, how were they to make their way! Ihe woods in many places were overgrown with thick grals and brambles reaching to their middles, and in others fo thick interfccted with b )ughs an. I matted with leaves, that it was hardly polIil)lc tor them to keep company, or to penetrare with their utnioft eftbrts (when thele obllructions happened) one hundred yards in as many minutes. They were now glad to al)an,lun their ganic, happy if they could regain the open country with the lot's of every thing about them. The lliirts and trow- fers they had on were foori in rags, their Ihoes could hardly be kept on their feet, and their line:i caps and handkerchicis were rendered unrcrviceahie, by the tre()iieiu repetition of the ufes to which they had been a|)plie,l. In lliort, no degree of dillrefs eiiher of body or mind, could e.\cced that to which thele unlortunatc gentlemen wcie now cxpolld. 'I'o their minds it was foiiie alleviation, when, about ten in the mot rung, they heard the found of guns lircd from the lliips on pur- pole to lead them right, luppoling them to have loll their way. Hut this was poor ointoit, when they reHci'lcd, that the lliips were at a gre.it dillaiicc, and that if they vtiuuied to take them for their guide, they Ihould nevi I live to Ice an en, I to tlieir j,>ii.ney. Still labouring, tiKrctbii, to advance by the i^n't, ihcy ai: length, all a', once, obfcrved an opening, that Id, .is they thought, to the long-wilhed-for ftiorc. The heart ? 1 R I'.' i'?f>' m I 4 ! ■ ■,:, . 'r 111 ft- f'lfl of man, dilated with the mod cxcpjilitc joy. can only ; winch the gen- tlemen telt on perceiving this ray of hope. 'Phe/ be feniibic of the inexprctlible plealurc en tel torgot 522 Capt. COOK'; VOYA GES COMPLETE. ,! «iil ■ li i p.* T l *fl I f forgot for the moment, the pains of their lacerated odics, though all torn with briers and bcfmearcd with blood, aiul comforted thcmlclvcs with this dawn of deliverance; but they had ftill much to fufVerj for when they rullud wuh cxtafy from the cover, and came to furviy the open country, they difcovercd to their j;rcat mortification, that they were yet at a great dillancc from the neck of land, over which their people had paired; that this opening had brought them to another creek or inlet of thefea, and that they had yet to travel round a vail circle of the thicket before they couKI come to the bay that was even now fcarcc within their knowledge. On this difcovcry, defpair had almoil taken place ot hope, when they beard, or thought they heard, a found like that of a man's voice far within the thicket. This, in a fliort time, was anfwcred by a found not unlike the former, but (aintcr. It was then rightly conjectured that thefc Ibunds proceeded from men lent in fearch of them, and they all endeavoured to raife a halloo in their turn ; bat their throats were fo parched, that with their utmoll efforts they could fcarce rife aliove a whifper. They now lainenteil the walk of powder, which they had fruitlclsly expended during the n:ght in making fignals of diftrc.s, and runimagrd their cafes to muller up a linglc charge. This, in foine iiioafiirc, had the dciireJ elkCl. I he rej)crt was heard by one of the fcaiii. n who were in purfuit of them (as will be fecn hereafter) both ot whom had been llrug^;ling with equal Jiiliculties, and tolling under greater incumbraiKcs, witiiout the leall profpect of fuicecding in their fearch. 1 he!e men were now bc.v Idercd tiienill|ve<, .\n^ h-illiwed to each other, as well tor the fake of keeping company, as for lignals to the gcntlenun, lliould they oe withm hear- ing. By this time tlie li.iy was far advanced; and partly wuh fatigue anil tor want of rcfrelhinenr, the gen- tlemen were alinoli Ijient ; they had lucn ever lince the morning's dawn eng.igcd m ilie iiioH piiiilul exertion ot bodily lliength, to exiricatc thrniulves trom the labyrinth in whuh they had been nnolved, that e\cr men experienre.l, and by confcquence to an cijual walfe of fpiriis, without any thing to recruit ihem; and now, though lefj entangle.!, tiuy were more exfXJlcii to the heat nf the (un, winch bimi^ht on aii intolerable thitll that was no longer fuppoilal)le ; they thcrelore, as the lalt refourcc, repaired to the nearelt iKach, where, to theircomtott, they tound a tuitle, killed it, and drank the hicod, in order to allay their thirll. One of them then uiulrelled Imnlcll, and lay down tor a ihort time in the Iliallow water; a lingular method ot relrelliing himlelt, when fatigued. .Alter this they took Ihclttr in the hollow of a rock tiil the violent heat abated, during which tune a relrelliing tleep g.iie them fome rrliet, and enabled them to (Krtonii a journey ot thiee or lour Ic.igues, which, otherwifc, they mull have peiifti- cd before the) could have aicoinplilhcil. When they arrived at the hut, to their great concern, they found it dcfcrted, and dellitutc of every kind of ptovilions; but calling tlair c)es towards the lliips, ihey per- ceived the boats haltening to their relict. The ciew, and thcotlicer whoatttendid them, waited at the hut, till all their provilions were expended, and, not know- mg how to proceed, had icjiaircd to the lliip tor a frcfh fupply, and frelli orders ; and he was no* re- turning fully lurnitlicd and intliuCled. On his arrival, he was llruck with al^onifliment at the light of three fuch miferablr objects as the gentlemen and the gun- ner's mate appeared to be. 1 heir cry was for grog, which was dealt to them fparingly^ and they were con- veyed on board to be properly taken care of. The tirll enquiry they made wag, whether any of the (hip's company had been fciit after thcin.' And being an- fwcred in the allirmative, and that they were not yet returned, they could not help exprelling their doubts whether they would return : adding their wilhes at the rime time, that no means might be omitted to etled ihcir recovery. Natural it is for men who havejull expe- rienced any lignal deliverance, to feel poignantly lor the fafcty of others under the fame critical circumlhnccs. Ji WIS therefore no finall fatiifacfion, when they were told, that every pofHblc means would be tried tor ihcir relief; and to enable them, v ho >^'rc to be lent on that errand, the better to direct their fearch, the gcnilcmcn defcribed as well as they could, ihe place w iure they vic,^ heard. The evening, however, was now too fur aj. vanccd, to undertake with any probability ot futtj, their deliverance. There were n.iw twenty of the ciu- (feamcn and marines) who had been dilpatchcd tu;,, on board, for recovering the gentlemen. Thefc had orders trom Captain Gierke, to tiaverfc the thicket uu btxly, till they lliould find them either living oi d^.^ lor, till the gentlemen appeared, nothing could be con! eluded with certainty concerning them. Ihe majotiti were of opinion, that, if they had been alive, they would certainly have returned as fuon as it was d.uk, u they could have no motive to purl'ue their fp'irt mmj night ; and it wa» by no means probable, thit thf. lliould be bewildered, becaufc they might lurely have found the fame way out of ihc cover, tiy whi^n ih^y went into it. This was very plaulibic ; but foiik ,,,, board, who had failed with Commodoie Byruii, a j who rememlKred the alinolt im|)enetrablc thickets n the illand of Tinian, where men could not fee mc a;ij. thcr in the o|Kn day, at the diilancc of thicc u.j, knew well how the gentlemen might be enta.i^tj, and how hard it would tare with the:ii it it Iho^idij hapjKn. l'.arly in the morning the party, and their plan ij( proceeding were formed, which was to iiureli m im^., at luch a diflance Irom each otiur, m to I'cuithi.i hearing, and iheir rout was propoltd to \k tortanl, t;ic fpot v.hcie the found ot the voices wat tieiul l)y i|,f gentlemen, .^fier a diligent learch ol li\ hjurs, Bar- iholtimc* l.<)reman wa> dilcovcrcd iii a moll inilerablc condmoii, almoil blinded by the venoiiioui lia., ^.i the vermin, added to the korching heat of tlic lui, and Ipeeclilel's for want of tbniething to lat. He iii,(j< tigns tor water, and fome was givin hiiii. He u.i moving about, but totally llupul, having no Icnli ,,i ilanged of their *iy to the eminence, but this proved not fo cafy a talk as It at lii ll appeared to be. When they thought them- Iclvcs juH ready to mount, they met with a lagoon that mtcrrupteil their progrefs; and coading it along, they itil.ovcred the ikelcton of a creature that, by its length, aptjcatcd to Ik an alligator. In viewing this narrowly, foincihmg like the track of a large animal was ob- krvMi to have palled it, and the high grafs on the mar- gin of the kigoon tu have Uen Iredi trodden. This excited the curiolity of the whole party, who imagined that feme monflcr inhabited the lagoon, againll which it was prudent for them to be on their guard. The waters of the lagoon were fait as brine, and every where fkirted with a kind of reed and fedge, that reached as high as a man's head, and could not be penetrated without danger from fcorpions or other vmomous rep- tiles, feveral of which had been feen in the bullies. All attempts therefore of fucceeding by liiis courfe ap- peared to be labour loft, and as no other were thought more probable, it was refolved to relinquifli the pur- fuit, and to return to the boats ; but the day being al- ready too far fpent to make their return pradicablc be- fore the morning, it was agreed to coall it along the lake, to endeavour to find accefs to the oppofite hills ; and this was the more calily eHected, as between the fedgy border and the thicker, there was an open fpace of unequal breadth, only fometimes interfered with patches of brambLs that joined the lake, but of no great extent. Throui.;h thele they made their wav with little oppofition till the lake appeared to deepen,' when a mort Ihibborn woodey co()fe Teemed to bid detianceto their further progrefs. This dilliculty, however, was with much labour furmoiinted, and it was no fooner pilled, than the lake was found to terminate, and the gioiind to rife. The country now began to put on a new face. The profpcct which had hitherto prefented nothing but a wild and almoft impenetrable thicket, as they alceiided the rifing ground, became delightful; and when they had atta.ned the fummit of the emi- iKnce, was exceedingly pidurcfquc. Here they de- termined to pals the night within a pleafant grove, which feemed to be defigncd by nature for a place of relf. The whole party now alFembled, and orders were given by the commanding onicers to erect teiiiporary tents to Ihrlter them from the evening damps. Fhefc tents were only boughs and leaves oftrees let up tent talliion. In this fervicefome were employed in cutting down and pieparing materials, while others were bu- lled in dif^ofmg and putting them together: fomc were ordered to collect fuel, and others to carry it to an ad;oining hill, in order to be kindled at the dole ol 1 if';' 'I?.' 1 ti'i \m iSitt*4' ■m $ kmri ip' \ >24 Capt. C O O K'» VOYAGES COMPLETE. i it .' if;' "-: -1./ f M'! when ihcy beheld the very identical Thomas Trethcr, oj whom they had been in fcarch fo long, crawling upon all fours, lor his feet were fo bliftcred that he could not Hand, and his throat fo parched that he could not fpeak. It is hard to fay which was predominant, their lurprizc, or joy. No time, however, was loll in adminiftcring relief. Some ran to the tents to tell the news, and to liring fome tcfrcflimcnt.vUiiIe thcrell (Irovctocafchim, by fupporiing hip- lu their arms. In a few minutes he vasfiirrouiul.cl by the whole party, fome eager to hear his liory, and all to give him relief. The tillicers brought hiin cordials, which they adminiUercd fpar- ingly till he was brought to his fpccch. He was a niol( atTcchng fpcCl.icle. bliftercd from head lo foot by po;f()nous infects, whofc venomous flings had caufcd fuch an intolerable itching, that his very blood was in- flamed by conflant rubbing. By anointing hin> with oil, the acrimony in Ibme degree abated, an.! by fre- quently giving liim fmall quantities of tea mixed with a Iiitlc brandy, they brought him to his fpeech ; but it was fome days before he recovered the perfcifl ufc of his fenfes. As foon as they had recovered him fo far, by proper rct'refhments, as to entertain hopes of faving his lite, they carried him to bed, and ordered one of his melfmatcs to attend him. In the morning his lever was abated ; but there arofe a difiiculty, how he was to be convcNid more than twelve miles, through a coun- try, fuch as has been dcfcribcd, in his weak condition. To Englidi failors nothing, that is not iiupoHibIc, is im- prailticabie. One of them remembered that, when he was a boy, his fchoolfcllows uftd to divert themftlves with making Icdan chairs of'rulhes, and he thought it an eafy matter to frame fuch a one from the materials in the th:cket, that would anfwer the purpofe. This wjs no foiincr propofcd than executed, and a machine contrived, in which they took it by turns to carry him through almofl infurniountable obHructions. 'I"hegin- tlcmen haJ, indeed, difcovered a lefs encumbered p.il- fagc than that, through which they had nude their w J) the day before ; but it reached very little fariher than they could fee with the naked eycj all the low ground beyond was fwampy and reedy, and abounding viih infccisot various kinds. In the evening, inexprel- libly fatigued, ti.ey reached the beach, where the Dif- cover. 's Ciiticr was grounded, and where like wife the Rtfolutian's boat, that hid been waiting all the day be- fore on the oppolite (idc of the pcninfula, was arrived. Atter fome flight relrelhmeiu, each patiy repaired to their own Ihip ; and Trccher. being committed to the furgcon's caie recovcrc.f gradually, but it was fome we.ks befbie he was fit to Jo duty. Confidcring what ilrangc people the generality of failors are, while on ill. ire, we might, inllead of being much furprizcd, that the two le.imen lliould lofc their way, rattier wonder that no more of them were mifling. This day, ( fuelday, the 30th) Captain Cook, and Meffrs. King and Bailey, npaired in the morning to tiic fmall illand, to obfervc the cclipfc of the fun. 'f he fky was ovcrcafl at times ; but it was dear when the cclipfe ended. Having fome yams and cocoa nuts on board, in a llatc of vegetation, wc planted them on this fpot, and fome feeds of melons, were fown in ano- th'.'r place. The C:>ptain alfo left on this little illc a bottle, h.iving this mi'cription : Ceor^ius -rertiu^, AVa-, 31 Decembris, 1777. C Refdution, Jac. Cock, Pr. \ Difcrjcry, Car. Uerke, i'r. On Thurfday the full of January, our boats were fent out to bring on board our different panics employed on fliore, who, in thccourfe of a week, had taken more than 100 turtle, from i fO to 300 pound weight : but we had not been able todif- coverany frelli water. It being late before this bufi- nefs was completed, the Captain thought proper to de- fer failing till the next morning. The turtle wc pro- cured at this illand were all of the green fort, and, pcr- hips, not interior in goodncis to any in the world. Wc alfo caught with hook ind line, a great quan:ity of (ill), principally confiding of cavallies, fnappers, and a ttw rock fifli of co fj.ecics, one with Iriutifh I A.D. Naves 1778. llreaks fcattercd about, and the other with niiinoro blue fpots. The foil of this ifland, (to which the nan,. I of Chrillmas Illand was given, becaufe wc ktpt 'i^ ' feflival here,) is, in fome places, light and bUikii,'; and compofed of find, the dung of birds, and roiirij vegetables. In other parts, it is formed of broken I coral Hones, decayed fliells, and other marine prudti. ! tions. 1 'icfe arc dcpofiied in long, narrow ridm lying parallel with the fca-coalf ; and mull have bttij thrown up by the waves, though they do not reach ^t prcfent, wiihin a mile ot thefe places. This fcemj u ptovc incontcftibly, that the ifland has been prnduccj by difttrent acceflions Irom the fca, and is in a ILiitof i augmentation ; the broken pieces of coral, ninl hkc. wife many of the fliells, being too large and hcawto have been brought froin the beach by any birds to iht places where they are now lying, 'I'hough wc could not, after repeatedly digging, fintl a drop ot frclh water, wc met with feveral fait ponds, which, as they had nj coininunication with the fca, were probably hllcdhv the water filtiaiing through the fand during the time of high tides. One of the men who lofl their way t'ound fome fait on the foiith-caltcrn part of the ifland. \V: could not difcovcr the fmallell traces of any human creature having ever been here Ix'fore us; and, indccj fhould any one be accidentally driven on the iflanii.ot left there, he would hardly he able to prolong his cxiH. encc; for though there are birds and lilh in abundancf, there arc no vilible means of alLnying thirll, nor an* vegetable that would ferve as a fubflitute for broad, or correct the bad effects of animal diet. On the few co. coa-nuts trees upon the ifland, wc found very little fruit, and that little not good. A few low trees were ob- fer\cd in fome part.s, betides feveral linall Ihrubs and plants, which grew in a very languid manner. We foiin.l a foit of purllain, a fpecies of fida, or Indian mallow, and another plant that fecmed, from its leaves, to be a me Jcmbrianlbemiim ; with two fotts of grafs. Under the low trees tat vail numbers of a new fpccics of tern, or egg-bird, black above, and white bflou; having a white areh on the lbrehc,i;l. Thefe bir.is are fomcwhat larger th;in the common noddy-, ir..,r eggi arc bliieilh, and fpcckled with bl.ick. There uc;. IiKCwifc manycoinmnn boobie, , a fort greatly rclenib- ling a gannat ; and a chocolate coloured Ipccics, tt;ih a wliite belly. Men-of-w ar-birds, cm U«s, plovers, and tropic birds, arc to be f lui. ' '-crc. We faiv nunibcrsof land crabs, fmall liz.irds, a I'cveral r.its fmalk-r ihin ours. This illand is I'uppolcd by Captain Cook 10 be between 1 5 and :o leagues in circuit. Its Ibrni is fcnii- circular J or like the moon in her lall quaitcr, ilicnio horns being the north and fouth points. The welt liilo, or the fmall illand fituatc at the entrance into tlic !:• goon, lies in ZQi deg. 30 min. call longituilc, and n the latitude of 1 deg. 59 min. north. Like molt 0! the other ifles in this ocean, Chriflmas IQandisfur. rounded by a reef of coral rock, extending but a lm!e way from the (horc ; and furihtr out than this reel, on the wcllcrn fide, is a bank of fand, which extends a mile into the fea. There is good anchorangc on tSis bank, in any depth between eighteen and thirty t'athom. During our cominuance here, the wind generally hie* a frefli gale at V.. by S. or K. and we had conllantlv a great fwell from the northward, which broke on tiic reef in a very violent manner. I'riday, the 2nd, at day-brei.x, we unmoorfd, ff' fail, and refumed our northerly courfe, with the Dil- cevcry in company. As wc were now clear ot Un ', had aprofperous gale, and plenty of provilioiis.thcimii were allowed turtle to boil with their pork, which ma few days was difcontinued by the advice of thefurgcon, and turtle fubllitu'cd in the room of every other kind of meat. This was found both healthful and naunlh- ing, and was therefore continued till within a few diyi of our arrival at another ifland, where we met with frclh provifions and water equal to any we broii,:.',ht with us from the Society Ifles. On the 3d, the wind fliifted, and a llortn came on, preceded by a lowering darknefs, that prefaged fome violent convultion, and foon after it broke forth in thunder, lightning, wind jni iii;n, '^^-^..... 'lttil i. T E. the other with niiincZ'i land. (to«hichthenj„;,'| n, bccaiifc hc ktpt f^,' CCS, light and blrtikii.ii' ung ot birds, and rotrr„' It 13 formed or brokv„ nd other marine prodLv in long, narrow ridrc," II ! and mull have bet, igh they do not rcaclui places. This feem, „ Hand has been prnducd ic fci, and is in a ihttof I leccs of coral, nnd ;,kc. t; too large and heavy ro 'iichby any birds to thj "g. 'l'hoii>.h we could indadropotfrclhwatcr s, which, as they had no' were probably rtlltd I,, fandduringthetiiiicot rtho loll their way fonml p.irt of the idand. W; It traces of any hunia.i iK-fure US; and', indeed, driven on the ifl.ind,or' bic to prolong his a'nt is and lilh in abundancr all.nyin^; thirli, noranj I 'iibrtitute for bread, or ildiet. On the few CO. vc found very little fruit, few low trees were ob' fcvcral finalj (hrubsand languid manner. We c-cies of (ida, or Indian feemcd, from its leavo, mth two forts of grafi! inibei:i of a new fpoccs ove, and white bclu*. orchcn;!. Thcfc birii common noddy; ir,c„' *ithbl,n.l;. There «c[; , a fon fjrcitiy rcfenib- : coloured fpccics, tt:ih is, ciiil;«s, ploverj, and c. We faw nunibcrsof cveral r.its fiualk-r thin by Captain Cook lobo rcuit. Its form is fcni,- er lad quaitcr, tlict.iD points. ThcHeiiii,'.-, e entrance into tlic la- call longitude, and n nurti). Like moll ot -hridmas Ifland is fur. extending but a litile r out than this reef, nn fand, which extendi )od anchorangc on this teen and thirty fathom, ic wind fjencraily blew nd we had conllantli a t, which broke on the '•<, vc unmoored, fft courfc, with the Dif- ere now clear of lani, ' ofprovilions, thciiicii their pork, which in a advice of thefurgcon, iin of every other kind h«althful and nounlh- I till within a few d.iy! I, where wc met w:;h al to any we broii;.',ht On the 3d, the wiiid receded by a lowering lolcnc convuliion, and ■r, lightning, wind anj ^. #. •;». ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I 11.25 21 12.5 1.4 2.0 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation >3 WfeSt MAIN STRUT WMSTIR.N.Y. l4StO ( 716 )i7r -4503 m s 6^ r liiid,that they fpoke a dialect of tiieOtaheitcan 1.1:1 -'iiag''. I hey could not be prevailed on by anyen- trcaiic.-, to come or board. Wc co ivevcd to thofe m thciicarclf canoe lomcbrafi medals, tied to a rope; and ho, in rctiirn, faflcncd fonie maikarel to the rope, by I wiv of an cjuivalent. This was repeated ; and fomc rails or pieces of iron, were given them; for which ih,. rrc;uriR'd in exchange fomc more lilh, and a fweet [)o:i:(>f; a fiirc mdication of their having Ibme notion olhirteriiy, or, at lead, of returning one prefent lor a'lotiuT. One of them even oHcred lor fale the piece (il lli,ir«hich he wore about his waifl. Thefe people d. 1 luit exceed the ordinary fi/.c, but arc lloutly made. Tn.iriiiiiiplcxion is brown; and though there appears I li;i: littlcilitfcreiicc in the calls of their colour, there is ,1 c>)ii,ivli'rablo variation in their features. Molt of them have their hair cropped Ihort ; a few had it tied i:i I bunch at the top of the head ; and others fullered it III tiow limfe. It feemed to be naturally black ; but tiic gcnrralry of th,.'m had Itaincd it with fomc fluff uhica coiiiiuun.catcd to it a brownilh colour. Moll ot them had pretty long beards. They had no or- nimcnn about their perfbns ; nor did we obferve that ih' V hail t'lcir ears perforated. Some of them were tKoiialon the hands, or near the groin ; and the pieces nicliith, worn hy thcin round their middle, were cu- |ihni,",y (1,1 Hiieii with white, black and red. 'I'hey Iri'iiii'J to be milii and good naturcd ; anil were fur- Inii'.kd with no arms of any kind, except fome fhiall I Hone-, vvhuh they had manifelUy brought for their loAiukkiice; and thefe they threw into the la when |they louiul theie was no occalion for them. Perceiv- ing 1.0 li};iis ()( an anchoring place, at this caflern ex trtiiity ot the illand, we bore away to leeward, and r.i:i;,;i J along the S. E, fide of the coaft, at the dillancc ol .Iwut a mile and a half from the Ihore. 1 he ca- nois Icit us when wc made fail j but others came off, as «c iirnmilcd along the coall, and brought with them pi^s ami loine excellent potatoes, which they exchanged lor Mhati vcr we offered to them ; and feveial fmail pigs «ucpui(hafed by us for a (ix-pcnny nail each. We riliui divers villages; feme of which were fituatcd nc,ir the th, and others further up the country. The inhabitant!! of all of them came in crowds to the fliorc, iwd .illiniblcd on the elevated places to take a view of Ithc I lips. On this fide of the illand the land rifcs in a iKfntlc acclivity from the fea to the bottom of the moun- tains, which occupy the central part of the country, ex- |9t at one place near the callcrn end, there they rife ■^mincdwcly from the fea: they fccmcd to bccompofed ' No. 64. of flone, or rocks lying in an horizontiil flrata. Wc obferved a few trees about the villages ; iie.ii v\hich wc could alio difcern feveial pl.intations of l'ugar-';a:ifs allonifhcil as thefe people, upon entering our fhip. Their eyes were inceirantly rolling from one object toannther ; and the wildnefs of their looks and geftures fully indicated their perfcd ignorance with refpedt to every thing they be- held ; and ftrongly marked to us, that they had never, till ihe prefent time, been vilited by European.-;, nor been acquainted with any of our commod.ties, excepc iron. 'I'his metal, however, they had in all prob.ibility only heard of, or had perhaps known it in lome nii 011- lidcrablc quantity, brought to them at a remote pc-rio.'. They afkcvf lor it by the appellation of hamaite, tvlcr- ring probably to fomc inllrumenc, in making which iron could be ferviceably employed; for they :^ppluj that name to the blade of a knife, though they had no idea of that particular inftrumenr, which they could not even handle properly. They alio frequently calleJ iron t»y the name of toe, which lignifies a hatchet, or aJzc. (Jn our Hurting them fomc beads, they lirll alkcd what they were; and then, whether they were to be eaten. Uut on their being informed, that they were to be hung in their ears, they rejected them a, ulelers. I'hey were equally indifferent with regard to a looking glals that we offered them, and returned il lora limilai naion. China cups, plates of earthen ware, and other things of that kind. Were fo new to them, that they aikid whether they were made of wood. They were in many rcfpeas naturally polite; or, at Icafl, c.iuiious of giving ollence. Some of them jull before they veiituied aboard, re- peated alongpr.iyer; and others, afterwards, lang, an. I made various motions with their hands. On then lirtt entering the fliip, they attempted to Ileal every thing thar [hi-y could lay hands on. or rather take it openly, as if they I'uppoled, that we liiould either not relent lucfi behaviour, or not hinder it. But we loon convinced them of their error ; and when they oblerved wc kept a watchful eye over them, they became lels active in ap- propriating to themfelves what did not belong to them. About nine o'clock, the Captain difpatched Eicut. Williamfon, with three armed boats, to look out lor a proper landing place, and for (relh water; with orders, that if he (hould find it necellary to land in fearch of the latter, he Ihould not allow more than one man 10 accompany him out o( the boats. The very moincnc they were putting olftrom the fliip, oneofthe illanders h.iving (lolen a cleaver, leaped overboard, got into his canoe, and hallened towards the (hore, while the boats purlued him in vain. The real'on of the Commo- dore's order, that the crews of the boats Ihould not go afhorc, was, that he might prevent, if pollible, the im- portation of a dangerous difeafe into this illand, which he knew fome of our people now laboured under, and which wc, unfortunately, had received from, and com- municated to, other illands in this ocean. From the fame humane motive, he coiimianded, that all female vilitants lliould be excluded from both the lliips. Many perfbns of this fex had come off in the canoes. Their features, complexion, and llatur';, were not very dif- ferent from thofe of the men ; and though their coun- tenances were extremely open and agreeable, few traces of delicacy were vilible cither in their faces or other proportions. The only differe.icc in their drefs was their having a piece of cloth about their bodicn, reach- ing from near the middle ninioll down to the knees, in- ilcad of the rtjaro worn by the male (ex. I'hey were aa much inclined to favour us with their company on H board. mw'm If III , ,. .1!: ' .1f,T 1: I ' 1 > Mi!' m iiir- ih M . ;i.^y.-^. J S^6 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. bo.irJ, as fomeof the men were; but the Commodore was cMrcmcly dclirous of preventing all coniitdion, which nii<;ht, in all probability, convey an irreparable injury to themftlves, and afterwards, through their means, to the whole nation. Another prudent precau- tion was taken, by ftriOily enjoining, that no perfon, capable of communicating the infedion, ihould be fent on duty out of the (liips. Captain Cook had paid equal atttention to the fame objci-'r, w hen he tni\ vifucd the rrier.dly Ilks; but he aiterwaiik foimd, to bis great iei;rLt, that his endeavours had not fucccei'cd. And there is reafon to apprehend, that this will conllantly be tiic cafe, in fuch voyages as ours, whenever it isne- cciruy that many people llioukl be cmplo/cd on Ihorc. The iipportunities and incitements to an amorous inter- courfe are then too numerous to be cirivlually guarded againll ; and however confident a crinmander may be C)l the health of his men, he is often undeceived too late. Atnong a number of men, there are in general to be found lome, who cndc.ivo.r to conceal any venrcal fyniptoms, and there arc otners fo protiigate and aban- doned, as not tocaic to whom they communicate this dilValc, NVe had an inllance of this hit obfervation at Tongatabco, in the gunner of the Difcovery, who had been Rationed on Ihorc. Alter knowing that he had contracted this dlforder, lie continued to have connec- tions with diH'erent women, who were fuppoled to have been, till tiiat time, free frotn any infection. I lis com- panions remonlhated to him on this fc.uulalous beha- viour without elled, till Captain Cleri- e, l)eing informed of it, ordered him to repair on board. During the time the b.iats were employed in rccon- noitering the coall, we flood oil" and on with the Ihips. Towards noon our lieutenant returned, an 1 rejxiried, that he had o'.'Icrved, behind a beach near one of the villages, a large pond, fa:d by the natives to contain frcfh water, and that there was tolerable anchoring ground before it. lie allb had made an attempt to land in nnother pla:e, but was prcventtd by the illand-rs, who coining down in great numbers to the boat?, en- deavoured to take away the oar^, nuifijuets, and every other article they could lay hold of; and crowded fo thick upon him and his people, that he was under the iiecellity ot lirmg, by which one man was killed. This unfortunate circumiancc, however, was not known to Captain Cook till after we had quitted the illand, fo that all his mcafurcs wete ilire>.'ted as if no allair of that k;:id had happened. Mr. W'illiatufon informed hiin, that as foiin as the man fell, he was taken up and car- ried oil !>y his countrymen, who then r>tired fiom the b.iatM br.ift.l! they iiiailclignaK lor our people to hind, which ihev duliiied. It did not appear, that the na- ti\es had the kaft intciuion ol killiiy, or even hurting j:'.y of til; ill, bit were excited by curioliiy alone, to get from tlieni wliat they had, being piiparcd to give, in raurn, any thing that apiunained to tlicmltlvcs. Captain Cook then difpatclied one of the boats to lie in the bed anchoring ground ; and, « hen ihe had gained this llatioii, v\e liore down with the (hips, and cad anchor in ij fathoms water, over a fandy bottom. The caflern point of the load, which was the low point al- ready niiiuionul, bore fouth _ji deg. cafl ; the wefl point noith 65 deg. well j and the village near which the frelli water was laid to be, was one mile diftant. The lliips being thus llaiioncd, between three and four in the altcinoon, the captain \*'cnt alhorc with three armed boats and twelve of the marines, withaviewof txaiii'.ning the water, and trying the difpolition of the iiitives, wlu) liadafl'embled in conliderabic numbers on n fandy beach before the village ; behind it was a valley, in wh;< li was the piece ot water. The moment he leaped on Ihore, all the illandcrs fell proftratc upon their faces, and continued in that polluro, till, by iigns, lie prcvuikil on tlum to rife. They then prefentcd to him many liir.ill pigs, with jilantain trees, making ufe ofneaily ilu fiiiu' ceiemoniis which We had fecn prac- ticed, on limilar oei alions, at the Society, and other illes, and a long oiaiion or prayer being pronounced by an individu.-)!, in whu h others of the alleinbly joined occalio..al!y. '1 he cnpiaiii li^jmrkd his accepiantc of their proffered fiicndfliip, by bellowing on them, ii return, fuch prefents as he had brought alhorc, 'li,i, introduCTorybulinels being ended, he llationed aguarJ upon the beach, and was then conducted byfonicoi the natives to the water, which was extremely gooa and foconfiderablea collection, that it might be dtn!i! minated a lake. ,M'ter this he returned on board, and gave orders, that preparations Ibould be made for tilling our water calks in the morning, at which time wc wcr.t athorc with fome of our people, having a paity of m.u rincs for our guard. We had no fooner landed, thani trade was entered iiro for potatoes and hogs, which the illanders biirtcred hir nails and pieces of iron. Far from giving any obllrudion to our men, who were oc. copied in watering, they even afllrtcd them in rolling the calks to and from the pool, and performed wim alacrity whatever was required of them. Leaving the command of this ftation to Mr. Williamlbn, wholandid with us, we made an cxcurlion up the country, into the valley, accompanied by MclFrs. Anderfon and Wchkr, md liy a numerous tr.iin o! natives, one of whnm, wnu had been very aclivc in keej)ingthco;hers inordcr, ic captain madcchoi.e of as oar guide. This man, tr;i;a time to time, proclaiming the approach of our j^onrc. m.-n, every perfon wlio met them fell prullrate on i-t ground, and remained in that polition till wc h:,i palled. This, as we were afterwards intornicd, is!r,j method of fliewing refpert to their own chiefs. /.: every village, as tlie (hips r.inget cloth falkncd about the loins, anil hanging down a cu:- iiJcubii; COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 527 liderable way. At the fide of each was alfo a piece of carved wood, with cloth hung on it. Before the pe- dcftals lay a quantity of fern, that had been placed there at different times. In the middle of the hdufe, and before the images, was an oblong fpace, inclofcd byanedgingofftonc, and covered with (hreds of cloth: this was the grave of fcvcn chiefs, and was called hcncene. We had alreaH' met with fo many inftances cf refcmblance, between cne morai we were now vilit- jiig, and thofc of the iflands we had lately vifited, that wc entertained little doubt iw our own minds ot the fimilarity in their rites, and particularly in the horrid ohbtion of human facrifices. Our fufpicions were foon (onfirmcd; for on one fide of the entrance into the hrr.ijnaa weobferved a fnriil fiiu;ire place, and another llili fmaller ; and on afking what thefc were, wc were informed by our condudor, that in one of them was interred a man, and in the other a hog, both which had bccnolfcred up to the deity. At no great diftance from thefc were three other fquarc inclofed places, with two ni'CCJ of carved wood at each of thcni, and a heap ot fern upon them. Thefe were the graves of three chi< fs, and before them was an inclofed fpacc, of an o'jiong figure, called Tangatataboo, by our guide, who de- clared to us, that three human facrilices, one at the funeral of each chief, had been buried there. Indeed, every appearance induced us to believe, that this in- human practice was very general. In many fpots within this burying-ground, were planted trees of the Morinda Citrifolia, and Cordiii Scb.illina, befides fevcral plants of the E!tec, with the leaves of which the hemanaa was thatched. Our journey to and from this morai, lay through the plantations. Wc obfcrved mod of the ground was ucrfcdly flat, with ditches interlining different parts, and roads that feemcd to have been raifed to fome height br art. The intervening fpacc^ in general, were planted with taro, which grew with great vigour. There Mtre fevcral fpots where the cloth mulberry was planted, in regular rows; this alfo grew vigoroufly. Thccocoa- tnrs were in a Ids thriving condition, and were all low ; biitthepl.intain-trees made a pretty good appearance. Upon rhe wh(ile, the trees th.nt arc moft numerous around this vill.igc, are the cordia febaflina. The ^^riatill part of the village is near the beach, and con- lilts of upwatds 9! lixty houfes there, and v/c faw near loriy more Icattcrcd about towards the morai. After wc had carefully exatiiiiH'd whatever was worthy of no- tice alxiut the morai, we nturnctl by a dilVcrcnt rout. Wc found a multitude collected at the beach, and a brilk trade for fowl';, pigs, and vegetables, gomg on, with the greatelt order and decorum : at noon Captain Cook went on board to dniner, and then fent Mr. Kuig to take the cnniniand ot the party on fhorc. During the altcrnoon he landed again, accompanied by Captain CIcrke, intending to make another cxcurfion up the country; but bctore he could execute this dcfignthe day was too far fpent ; he therefore rclinquilhcd his in- tention for the prefent, and no opportunity afterwards occurred. Towards fun-fct, the Captain and our people returned on board, after having procured, in the courfc of this day, nine tons of water, and (principally by exchang- ing nail*, and pieces of iron) icventy pigs, Ibme fowls, plantains, patatocs, and taro roots. In this coinmer- tial intircourfe, the iflanders defervcd our bed com- mendations, making no actempts to cheat us, either .ilmig lidc our IJiips, or on Ihore. Some of them, in- deed, as we have already related, betrayed at full a pilltring difpolition, or, perha[)? they imagined that they had a i iglit to all they could lay their hands on ; but they quickly delilkil from a coiulud, which, we convinced them, could not be pcrlcvered in with im- punity. Among the various articles which they brought to barter this day, we were particularly pleafcd witli a lort of cloak and cap, which, even in more polilhed countries might be cftecined elegant. 'I'hefc cloaks are nearly of the fliape and file ot the fliort ones worn by the men in Spain, and by the women in England, lied loolcly before, and rcachinij to die middle of the back. The ground of them is a net work, with the mofl beautiful red and yellow fcatlu'rs fo clofily fixed up ir, that the furface, both in point of I"ir.-iotliiit(s and glofUnefs, refcinbles the richeft velvet. The methods of varying the mixture are very diiRrcnr, fonie of them having triangular fpaces of ycllcw and red alternately ; others a fort of crel'ccnt ; while fome were entinly red, except that they had a broad yellow border. The bril- liant colour of the feathers, in thofe cloaks that were new, had a very RneefFedl. The natives, at firlf, re- fufcd to part with one of thefe cloaks for any thing wc offered in exchange, demanding no lei's price than one of our mufquets. They afterwards, however, parted with fome of them for very large nails. Thole of the bert fort were fcarce; and it is probable, that they arc ufcd only on particular occafions. The caps arc made in the form of a helmet, with the middle part or crefl, frequently of a hand's breadth. They fit very cloll- upon the head, and have notches to admit the ears. 1 hey confift of twigs and oliers, covered with net-work, into which feathers arc wrought, as upon the cloaks, but fomewhat clofcr, and lefs diverfified; the major pnrt being red, with fome yellow, green, or black (tripes, on the tides. Thefe caps, in all probability, complete the drefs, with the cloaks; for ihc idanders a|)pcared fometimes in both together. Wc could not conjecture from whence they obtained fuch a quantity of thefe beautiful feathers; but we foon procured intelligence refpccfting one fort ; for they afterwards brought for falc great numbers of lliins of a fmall red fpecies of birds, frequently tied up in bunches of twenry or up- wards, or having a wooiten fkewcr run through them. At firft, thofe that wcrepiirchafed confiltcd only of the fkin from behind the wings forward; but wc afterwards obtained many with the hind part, including the feet and tail. The former inflantly luggcfled to us the ori- gin of the fable of the birds of paradife being deftitutc of legs, and fuffii;iently explained that particular. The reafon adlgned by the inhabitants of Atoui for the cuflom of cutting off the feet of thei'c birds, is, that by this prad\icc they can preferve them the more caiily, with- out lolingany part which they contideras more \aluablc. According to Mr. Andcrfon, the red bud of this illaiiii is a fpecies of merops, about as large as a fparrow; its colour a beautiful fcarlcr, with the tails and "ings hhck; a bill arched, and twice as long as the head, which with the feet is of a rcddifli hue. The contents of the heads were taken out, as in the birds of paradife; hut we dill not find that they practiced any other mode of preferving them, than that of limplc drying. On Thurlday the 22d wc had almod continual min for the whole morning. The wind was at S. li. S. S. 1£. and S. and the furf tsroke fo high upon the lliorc, iliat our boats were prevented from landing. Wc were not in a very fecurc lituation, there being breakers withia the length of little more that tvvo cables from the Ittfo- lution's llirn. The natives, notwithltaiuiing the fiirf, ventured out in their canoes, bringing off to us ho);s and vegetables, which they exchanged as licl<)rc, lof our commodities. One of their number, wlioolleied fome fi(h-hooks for fale, was obfcrved to have a very fmall parcel, fattened to the firing of one of them, which he carefully feparatcd, and rctuvcd lor himlelt, when *[. he had difpofed of the hook. Upon being alked what "' it was, he pointed to his belly; faying, at the fame time, it v«s bad. He was requetted to open the parcel, which he did with great reluctance, and we found that it con- tained a fmall thin piece of llefli, w hich had, to alt ap- pearance, been dried, but was at prefent wet with fait water. Imagining that it might be human llelh, wc put the qucttion to the producer of it, who anfvered, that the lleth was part of a man. Another o( the illaiulers who Hood near him was then afked, whether it was a cullom among them to cat their enemies « ho had been flain in battle; and he immediately replied in the allir- niativc. In the afternoon wc hail limie intervaU of fair weather. The wind then changed to the 1^ and N. E. but, towards the evening, it veered back again to S. S. 1',. The rain alfo returning, continued the w hole night, but was nut attended with much wind. On the 2jd, at ' fcvcrt ,1. 'm>. :mm ! .: ml if u^:"'^^^ : . "It ,r ■ t I . ! !'■ :28 Capt. C O O K'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. m fcvcn o'clock A. M. a north-cafterly breeze fpringing up, our anchors were ordered to be taken up, with a view of removing rhe Kefolucion further out. As foon as the laft anchor was up, the wind veering to the call, rendered it neccHary to make all the fail wc could, for the purpofe of clearing the (hore; fo that before we had good I'ca-room.wc were driven conliderably to leeward. We endeavoured to regain the road, but having a Ihong current aiiainrt us, and very little wind, we could not accomplilli that dcfign. Our Commodore thcretbre dilpatihcd MclTrs. King and Williainfon a(hore, with three boais, to procure water and refrclliments, fending at the lame time, an order to Captain Ckrkc, to put to fea after him, if he fliould find that the Relolution was unable to recover the road. Having hopes of linding perhaps a harbour, at the weft end of the illand, we were the lefs anxious of regaining our former (lationj but boats having been fent thither, we kept as much as poinble to windward, notwithllanding which, at noon, our fliip was three leagues to leeward. As weapproached the well end, wc found that the coal! rounded gradually, to the N. E. without forming a cove, or creek, wherein a vcirel might be Ihcltercvl from the violence of tho fAeil, which rolling in from the noiihward, broke agamrt the (hore in an amaz.ng fiirf: all hopes, thcrelorr, of meeting with a harbour lure foon vaiiillied. .Many of the natives, in their canoes, followed us as we llooil out to lea, bariering various articles. As we were ex- trcmelv unwillinf;, notwithlLuuling the lul|)ici()us cir- rDmlbini es of the prcciiiing d.u, lo iKJieve that (htli reople were cannibals, we now made li)ine turthcr eii- oimies on this fuhjecl. A finall iiiftiiniK'iit ol wnod, liLll't with ftiark's teeth, had lieen purchalal, whu h, as it relimblcil the lawor kiiilt'iiiaLJc ufc of by the l.is.igcb ot N'lw Zealand todiliiU llie bodies of their ciKiiias, was fufpected liy lis to be employed lu-re lor the lame piirtiile. One of the illanders Ixing quellioned on llus pc^int, informtd us, that the mlliuiiunt above iiun- tiontd lervcd the purpole of cutting out the flefliy p.ui of t!ie belly, when am perfon was llain. This ex- plained and confirmed tlie Ciiciimllance before niatid, of the m ai's pointing to his belly, l he nati\c, how cviT, finm whom we now received this intTll gime, being alkod whether his countr)nKn eat liie part thus lut out, itrongly denied ii j but when the (juillioii was repeated, he (hewed loilie degree ol apprehenilon, .uui fwam oil to his canoe. .An eldrilj nian.who fai loie- nioll in ihe canoe, was then atkeil, wlicther till) lUt the fivtli, and he anfwired in the allirir.ati\c. The ijinlKon being put to him a lev om) time, he ag.iin afiirimd the (act; .idd.ngthat it was favoury food. In the evening, about kven o'clock, tlie boats returned w iih a lew lio,;s, foir.e loots, plantains, and two ions of water. Mr. King reported to our Commodore, that the illai.di-rs were vi ry luimeunis at the watering place, and i ad brought great numbers of hcgs to barter; but our po- plc had not commodities with them fufTuient to juir- cha'.e them ail. lie alio mentioned, that the li.rl lad run fo very hi^h, that it w.is with extreme d;lVKu!:y our men landed, and alteruaids got back into the boats. On Saturday, the i!4th, at day-break, we lound that our fliip had l)een cairied by the cuirents tothc N. W. and N. fothat the weltern exireiiiity of Aiooi. bore K. at the dillanceof one league. A noitheily bree/.e (priing up loon after, and, exptCting that this would .Iwrng the Difcovery to fea, we I'teered tor Onetheow, a iieigli- bouring illand, nhieh then bore .S. \V. with a vu w i.l anchoring there. We continued to llcer lor it till palt eleven, when we were dillant from it aU.ut lix miles ; but not leeing the IJifcovery, wc were ap()rehenlivi Kit fon^e ill conieijuence might arile fiom our fejiaiatiiij.; (o far-, we therefore relimiuilhed the delign ot viliimg Oneeheow for the prefent, and llooil back toAtoo', in tending again to eafl anchor in the road, in order to complete our fuppiy of water, .\t two o'clock, tho northerly wind was fuccceded by calms and variable light airs, which continued till eleven at night. We ilrctched to the .S. K. till early in the morning of the a jth, when we tacked and Hood in tor Atooi road ; and, not Jong alter, we were joined by the Uilcovery. 3 Wc remained fcvcral days beating up, but in vain, tu re. gain our former birth; and by the morning oi Yhurlilav the 29th, the currents had carried us to the weltwanl' within nine miles ol Oneeheow. Weary with pliinj fo unfuccefsfully, wc laid alideall thoughts of retiirnini! to Atooi, and rcfumed our intention ot paying a vilitto Oneeheow. With this view the mailer was difpatchid in a boat to found along the coal't, and fearch for a land- ing place, and alterwanis Irelli water. In the iiuai, time the llii|)s followeil under an ealy tail. Tlit umi. tcr, at his return, reported, thai t.urc was tolerable an- chorage all along ihe coall ; and that he had landed m one place, but could not find any Irelh water: hut be. ing inlormed by Ibnu- of the natives, who had come oif to the (hips, that Irelh water might be obtained at i village in light, wc ran dovMi and call anchor before it about lix luilongs trom the (hoie, the depth of u.ittr being 26 iathoms. 'I heDi'ii.veiy ar.chorcil at agre.mr dillance from tin lliore, in 3j tathoms. 11 >• 1,, ■ , eallern point otOniclieou bure louth, 65 deg. L. ai,i, ,i one league difiin; ; and iiioihei illin.l which wc iu,| dilVavcred the preceding night, niiutJ Talioooa, boic S. 61 deg. W. dillant ■- league i. Bef'ire wc anch.ired, fiveial canoes Ivid come off tu us, brirging p.itatoes, v.iiiH, Im.iu pigs, and iii.its. Ti,; piople ufiiiibled in their pirfons the inhahnjiitj 01 Atu'.ii. and, like them, wcie acquainied with t!ic u:c ot iron, which tiiey alkid tor by the names of toe and hamaiir, nadily pailing «ii!iall tluir coininoditus tur pieces ni ihat metal. Sv>nie ii'ore canoes foon rca hcj uur lliips, alter they had c.>me to anchir; hu; the idaiuleis who were in thele had iipp.Wc inly no other ol))iCt than to make us a cimd v,iit. M.iny of tlum lanie on bnar>t, and croii lied liown on the Jick j nor did they t|iiit that hunil-le pi'ltiiie, ti I tluy wire if. quelled to r.le. ,Seve;al w. nun, whom ;hey had bii,i;i;ht with ihein, riiiiained aloiij-iide the canoes, lic'iviiic wah nun h Ids moddly than the females of Auio,; and, at inteivals, they all joined in a fi.nu.which, thouj;!! not veiy im hnbous, wa.s peiloimed in tlieexaClell con. teit, by heating time upon their bie.ills with ihcir bands, ihe nun who h.\d come on biaid did nut (.oniiniir long wi h us ; i.iul beloic tin iriK j aili:rr, liimc of them di'iiid perm llion 10 l.i) liown Im ks »i Inir on the iie>k. This day vv< leiieweil the inquiry whc tltr ihefe ill.iiuleis were . .iinibals, and ihejubjcct liij imt ai'le Ikjii .uu queHuw'> ( til l.y iis, but from .1 tir- miiilt.iiiie that tec iiied to iciiioNe all doubt. One (it the I aints, who willied to gi 1 in at liu gun-room jKiit, was re'ulld, and he thwi jlkul, vhethir we lli.tlJ kill and eat him, ll he (liotrid coin' in.' accomp.iiiMiii; this i]iiillion with ligni (o expullive, that wt diii iim tT.tert.iin a diiiiitt wiihitf|»il 10 hu meaning. WeluJ n(>w an opjoiiini'y ot irtoriing the qui il ion, as tu this prnCIuei and a man bihi; d iIr: odur, m ihccaiux-, in- ft.mii\ njiiiid, that, ll we »'Ck- killed on (liorc, ihi-y wiuld r.di li lople 10 I at ii.s ; not that lienuai-tiify wi.iild 1 iliron i.klorlh.t j irj-.ole, lut that iheiriievcii • ing us "ijuUI Ix: the cMi.itjuiiice ol our being .it tii- nvfv w nil tl I 111 In ilie a'lernoon, Mr. Goie was kiit «i;h ihuT amud boats, in lla'th ol the nioll coinmo- dious lani!ing-}ilacc ; being alio dueled to lot k lor In 111 wall I when he 1||. u .1 gtt all.oie. I le reiurnc^lin (Ik evening, and repoited, tl,ai fce had latukd at the \ill.ige, and had been ((nrluciid lo a well about li;iiU iiiilc up the louiitiv; luit that the w;iter It toniamcd u.is in 100 liiiali .1 quaiUHv lor oui [niipiife, and llic ruad that lid to it was ixtnirely bid. On I'lul ly, the :oih, Mr. Cure was fent aniore.igain, w.th agiian.', and a p.u'iy to ti.ivle w.th ilie inliabiMiiis for iitiell.ments. Tne C.iptain's intention was to h.M lolloMtd f.:on afierwards ; and he went from the itiip wi;li that delign '. but the liirt had (b greatly inenalid by thi^iiine. that he wa.sapprehenlive it he got allioic, he (limild not be able to m.ike his way back .igain. This ciicumttanct really hajipcned to our people who had landed wr.h Mi. Gore; for the comniuiiieation betwfrn them and the fliips, by our own boats w" quicl-.iy Hopped. Tliev mad; a lignal, in the evening, lor the boAi.s, whicii weic ac^ordnnj'y lent; atid ini IliOIt COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE-To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 5^9 ail time afterwards returned with fome good fait, and I J few yams. A confidcrable quantity of both tliefc ar- ticles had been obtained in the tourfe of the day i but [h.furf was foexcecdin{;ly hi^h, that thcgrcattlt part oi both had been loft in bringmg them oft to the boats. ThcoHiccr and twenty men, not venturing to run the rifqucot coming off, rctnainccl all night on (bore, by »hidi unfortunate circuiiiftancc, the very thuig hap- I pencil which Captain Cook, as we have already related, lb ta^^crly williid to prevent, and mi.iymed he had ruardcii cffcdually againft. However, the violence of ihc furf did not deter the natives from coming off in canoes to our ftiips. They brought with them fonie r;;rclliiTicnts, for which we gave ihcm m exchange, fomc nails, and pieces of iron hoop< ; and we dillri- butcd among the women in the cmoes, buttons, brace- lets, and many pieces of ribbon-. Some of the men haii rqircfcnutions of human fij^ures punctured upon their brcafts, and one of them had a lizard rcprelcnted. Thcfe vilitants told us no !;hief was over this illand, btitthat it was fuUjcct to one ot the chiefs of Atooi, »hnfe nanv: was rcncooncoo. Amonjj oiher articles »!iich they now brought oil" to us, was a fmall drum, thai had a great refemblance to thofe of Oiahcitc Bct*icntenaiid elcveno'clockatnight,thc wind became foutherly. and the Iky feemcd to indicate an approach in>; rtortn. In confcqucnce of thefe threatening ap- MMiiccs orders were given for the anchors to be taken up; and the fliips being carried into 40 fathoms water, came to again in that more fccure ftaiion : yet ih.s piflved an unncccffary precaution : for the wind, not lung after, veering to the N. N. E. blew a trelh gale, viiih fqualls, and violent (howers of rain. This wea- ther continued for the whole (uccecding day, during uhich the lea ran fo high, that all communication witn iiur party on lliore was totally inteicep.ed, and the illaiiJfrs themfelvcs would not venture out to the Ihips in ihcit canoes. Towards the evening, the Commo- dore fcnt the matter in a boat to the S. E. point ot the iiliiid, to try whether he could land in tl»at quarter. He returned with a favourable report ; but it was now too late to lend (ot our party, fothat they were obliged to (lay another night on Ihorc. 0.) Sunday, the 1 11 of February, on the appear- ance of day-light, a boat was difpatched to the S. E. point, Hith orders to Eicutenant Gore, that, if he could nut embark his people from the fpot where they at prefcnt were, he (liould march them up to the point. The boat being prevented from getting to the beach, one of the crew fwam to the Ihore, and communicated the inllruclions. On the return o( our boat. Captain Gv)k went him'^elf with the launch and pinnace up to the point, in order to bring off our party from the land. We took with us three goats, one male, the ethers female; a young boar and low of the Englifli breed; and alfo the feeds of onions, pum))kins, and me- lons. Wiih great eafe, we landed under the welt fide of the point, where we found our party, in company with foine of the natives. To one of thefe, who a(- fumcd fome degree of authority over the reft, the Cap- tain gave the goats, pigs, and feeds. He intended to have left thefe ufcful prelcnts at Atooi, had we not been unexpectedly driven from that illand. While our peo- ple were employed in filling fome water-calks, from a little (trcam which the late rains had occalioned, Cap- tain Cook made a fliort excurlion into the country, accompanied by the illander above-mentioned, and followed by two others, who carried the pigs. When arrived upon a rifing ground, the Captain Hopped to look around him, and immediately obfervcd a woman, on the oppofite fide of the valley in which he had landed, calling out to her counrymen who attended him. Upon 'his the man whv) adted as chief began to mutter fomething, as if he was praying; and the two bearers of the pigs continued walking round him all the time, making about adozencircuits before the other had made an end of his oraifon. This ftrange cere- mony being performed, they proceeded on their walk, and met people coming from all parts, who upon be- ing called to by the Captain's attendants, fell proltratc No 65. on their hcca till he was out of fight. The ground over which he paffed, though it was uncultivated and very ftoney, was covere>i with plants and Ihrubs, fome of which pertumcil theair with the molt delicious fragrance. Our party who had been detained I'o long on fliurc, found in thofe parts of the ifland they had traverled, fevcral fait ponds, fome of which had a fniall quantity of water remaining, but others had none. They (aw no appearance of a running itream ; and though in fome finall wells the frefh water was pretty good, it fctined to he fcarcc. 'I he houfes of the natives were thinly inhabited, and Icattercd about ; and it was fuppofcd, that there were not more than 500 perfons in the whole illan i. The method of living among thefe people was decent and cleanly. No inftancc was obferved of the men and woinen eating together ; and the latter fecmed in general to be allbciated in companies by themfelvcs. I'he oniy nuts ot the dooc dooe are burned by thefe illanders for lights during the night ; and they drefs their hogs by baking them in ovens, fpliitiiig them through the whole length of the carcafs. Our people met with a fuflicient proof ol the exillencc of the taboo among them; for one woman was employed in feeding another, (lie being under that interdidtion. Several other inyfterious ceremonies were alfo obferved ; one of which was performed by a woman, who threw a pig into the furf, which was drowned ; flic then tied up a bundle of wood, and difpofed of it in the fame manner. At another time, the fame female beat a man's (li;)ulilers with a Hick, after he had fcated him- !elf for that purpofe. An extraordinary veneration fecmed to be paid here to owls, which they keep very tame. It is a pretty general practice among them, to jnill out one ot their teeth ; and when they were afked the rcafon of this remarkable cultom, the only anfwcr they gave was, it is teeha ; which was alfo the reafon adigned bv them for giving a lock of hair. After our water calks had been lilltd, and fome roots, lalt, and Caltcd (illi, had been purchafed from the natives, wc re- turned on board with all our people, intendin;; to make another vjlit to the ifland the next day : but, about fe- ven in the evening, the anchor of our fliip flatted, and (he drove off the bank. By this accident, we fo.md ourfelves at day break the next morning, being the ;nd, nine miles to the leeward of our laft Itation ; and the Captain forefeeing that it would require more time to regain it than he chofe to cmply, made the lignal for the Difcovcry to weigh anchor and join us. At noon both ftiips to.ik their departure, and fleered to the northward, in profecution of their voyage. But before we proceed to the northern hemifphere, in order to make new difcovcries, we fliall prcfent the friends and fublcribers to this hiflory of voyages, with the obfcr- vations, made by fevcral of our gentlemen, on this whole clulter of ifles, which Captain Cook diflinguilhed by the name of Sand^vich Iflands, in honour ot the Earl of Sandwich. Thofe which we faw are fituated between the latitude of 21 dcg. 30 mm. and 22 deg. 1 5 min. N. and between the longitude of 1 99 deg. 20 min. and 201 dcg. 30 min. E. They are not inferior in beauty and fertility to the Friendly Iflands in the fouthern hemifphere, nor are the inhabirants lefs ingenious or civilized. Ic is wor- thy of obfervation, that the iflands in the Pacific Ocean, which have been dil(:overed in the courfc of our late voyages, have been generally found fltuate in groups ; the lingle intermediate ifles, hitherto met with, being few in proportion to the rell; though, in all probabi- lity, there arc many more of them yet unknown, w hich fervc as gradations or Iteps between the feveriil cluf- tcrs. Of what number this new-difcovered archipelago is compofcd, muff be left to the deciflon of future na- vigators. We obferved five of them, whofe naines arc Woahoo, Atooi, Onccheow, Oreehoua, and Tahoora. This lafl is a fmall elevated ifland, at the diflance of four or five leagues from the S. E. point of Oneeheow. We were told, that it abounds with birds, its folc inha- bitants. We alfo gained intelligence of the exiflencc ofa low uninhabited ifland in the neighbourhood, named Tammata-pappa. Ikfldes thefe fix, wc were told that 6 S ' there hmmM ■■■- ' } '-l I \ mm i WM 1 ffln ! Plu Im 53° Capt. C O O Ks VOYAGES C O M P L K T E. ;i:!l there were fomc other iflands both to the eaftward and wtltward. There feems to be a rcmarliable confor- niity (obferves one of our gentlemen) between thefc idands and thofe ot the oppolite hemifphcrc, not only in their lituation, but in their number, and in their manners, cuftoms.arts.and manulai-turcsof the inhabitants; yet, it can fcarccly be imagined, that they could ever have any communication, as the globle is now conftitutcd, being more than 2000 miles diftant one from the other : but from this general conformity among the tropical ifland- crs, fomc have been led to believe, that the whole mid- dle region of the earth, was once one entire continent, and that what is now the Great South Pacific Ocean was, in the beginning, the Paradife of the World. With refped to Woahoo, the moft eaftcrly of thefc illands, feen by us, we could get no other information, than that it is high land, and inhabited. But as to Once- heow, concerning which fomc particulars have been al- ready mentioned, this lies fevvn leagues to the weft- ward of our anchoring-placc at Atooi, and docs not ex- ceed 15 leagues, or 45 miles, in circumference. Yams .ire its principal vegetable produelion. Wc procured fomc fait here, called by the n \tives patai, which is pro- duced in fdlt ponds. Wiih 11 tl.ey cute both filh and pork ; and fome fait filh, which we purch.ifcd from them were kept very well, And extremely good. This ifland )s chieHy low lanJ, except the part oppofitc Atooi.whuh nics immediately from the fea to a confi- derablc hciijjht j as docs alii) its S. K. point, which ter- minates in a round hill. Wc know no other particu- lars concerning Oncehcow : and of Orechoua wc can only fay, that it is a Imall elevated ilLind, lying clofc to the north (ide of Oneehcaw. Atooi was the principal tce:ie of our operations, and the largeft illand wc faw. l-rom ourobf-.-rvations, wc think It to be at lead 30 miles in length from E. to W. from whence its ( ircuinlerence may nearly be deter- mined, thoui^h it appeals to be much broader at the E. than at the W. point. The road, or anchoring place, which our vclFcls occupied, is on the S. W. fide of the ifland, about two leagues from the weft end, before a village, n;..ncd Wymoa. As far as wc founded, wc found the banks free from rocks; except to the call- ward of the village, where there projects a Ihoal, on which arc fome rocks and breakers. Tnis road is fome- what expofed to the trade wind; notwithftanding which, ic is far from being a bad ftation, and greatly fuperior to thole which neceftity continually obliges fliips toufe, in countries where the winds arc not more variable, but more boifterous; as at Madeira, Tenc- iiffc, the Azores, &c. The landing too is not fo dilfi- cult as at moft of thofe places; and, unlcfs in (oul weather, is alw ays pracflicable. The water in the neigh- bourhood is excellent, and may be conveyed with cafe to the boats. But no wood can be cut at any conve- nient diftancc, unlefs the iflandcrs could be prevailed upon to part with the etooa trees, (for that ts the name they give to the cordia fcbaftina) that grow about their villages, or a fpccies called dooc dooc, which grows farther up the country. The land docs not in the leaft refemble, in its general appearance, any of the illands we have vifued within the tropic of Capricorn ; if we except its hills near the centre, which are high, but (lope gradually towards the fea, or lower lands. Though it prclents not to the view the delightful borders of Ota- heite, or the luxuriant [jlains of Tongataboo, covered with trees, whicli atonccailbril a flicker from the fcorch- ing rays of the Inn, a beautiful profpcclto the eye, and food for the natives; yet its poirciTing a greater portion of gently riling land, renders it, in fome degree, fuperior to the above-mentioned favourite iflands, as being more capable of improvement. The height of the land within, and the clouds which we faw, during the whole time of our continuance, hanging over it, anJnot unfre- quently on the other parts, feem to indicate that there is a fufiicicnt fupply of water, and that there are fome run- ning; llreamswhichwe had an opportunity of fecing,par- ticularly in the deep vallics, at the entrance of which the villages are, in general, lituatrj. The ground, from the woody part to the fea, is covered with an excellent 4 kind of grafs, about two feet in height, which fon;?. times grows in tufts, and appeared capable of bcinr converted into abundant crops of fine hay. Hut on iC cxtenfive fpacc not even a fliiub grow.s naturally. |„ the narrow valley leading to the Moral, the foil is ol a dark brown colour, rather loofe ; but on the hi"ii ground, it is of a reddilh brown, more flitt" and cla)c,. It is probably the fame all over the cultivated parts; for what adhered to moft of the potatoes that wc piy.'. chafed, which, doubilefs, cair.c from very dittlrcni fpots, was of this fort. Its quality, however, may be better eftimated from its produdtions, than from its an. pearance : for the vale, or moift ground, produces taro much larger than any we had ever feen; and the moic elevated ground furniflies fwcet potatoes, that fcldom weigh lefs than two or three pounds, and frequently weigh ten, and fon. crimes fourteen pounds. Were we to judge of the climate from our expc ricnce, it might be faid to be very variable ; for ac- cording to the general opinion, it was, at this time, tht feafon of the year when the weather i« fuppofed to be moft fettled, the fun being at his grcatell annual di[. tancc. The heat w.-is now very moderate; and few of thofe inconveniences to which many of the countrici lying within the tropics arefubjedl, either from hcat.or iDoifture, feem to be experienced here. Nor did wc ti.ij any dews of confequcnce; a circuniftance which iw, partly be accounted for, by the lower part of the coun- try being deftitute of trees. The rock that conllirmcs the fides of the valley, is a dark grey ponderous (tone; but honey -combed, with fomc fpots of a rufty colour, jnj fomc very minute fhining particles intcrfpcrfcd. It is of an immcnfc depth, and fccnis to be divided ir.tu ftrata, though nothing is interpofed ; for the large pieces alw.iys broke off to a determinate ihickncfs, anJ did not appear to have adhered to thofe that were below them. Other ftoncs are, in all probability, much more various than in the fouthern iflands. Fur during the (hort time we remained here, bcfides the lapis ly- dius, we found a fpccies of cream-coloured whetllonc, fometiines variegated with whiter or blacker. veins il'^f niaiblc; and common writing-flite, as well as fomcoi a coarler fort ; and the natives brought us fome pita; of a coarfe whitilli pumice ftonc. Wealfo procureda brown fort of h.Tmatites, which from its being ftroiiglv attraded by the magnet, difcovcred the quantity otnic- tal it contained. What wc faw of this was cut artifi- cially, as werealfo the dates and whetftoncs. Of vegetables, birds, (ifli, and tame animals, wc fiw various kinds. Befidcs the vegetables purchaled byus as refrefhiTients, among which were, at Icaft, fivcorli\ varieties of plantains, the ifland produces hrcid-friiii, and the fugar-cane : the former feems to be fcarce, n we only faw om "^ceof that fpecie^; but tlie Littct appears to be indigenous to thefc iflands, and rare m thofe on the other fide of the line. There arc alfo here a few cocoa palms; fomc yams; the kappc of the Friendly Ifles, or Virginian arum ; the ctooa tree, and odoriferous gardenia, or Cape Jafminr. Wefw feveral trees of the dooc dooc, that be. die oily m: , which arc ftuck upon a kind of (kcwcr, and madeufe of as candles. They are ufcd in the fame manner at Onceheow. We were not afliurc at Atooi except w the day-time, and then we obfervcd the iflanden wear- ing thefc nuts, hung on ftrings, round their necks. There is a fpccies of Ada, or Indian mallow ; alfo the morinda citrifolia, which is here called none; a fpecio of convolvulus ; the ava, or intoxicating pepper, be- fidcs great quantities of gourds. Thefc laft grow to» very large (izc, and arc remarkable for their variety of (hapcs, the effcd, perhaps, of art. Upon the dry fami, about the village grows a plant, that had never beta feen by us in this ocean, of the file of a conmon thiftle, and prickly ; but bearing a fine flower, gtnil^ rcfembling a white poppy. The fcarlct birds, brought for falc, were never met with alive ; but we fa«' a W one, about the flzc of a canary bird, of a deep crimfon colour. We alfo faw a large owl, two brown hawk»,ot kites, and a wild duck. Wc heard from the nativej the names of fomc other birds ; among which were ihe OIOO, •: T E. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYACiE— To the PACIIUC" OCEAN, fee. 531 n height, which kn^. (jcarcd capable of bcm. s of fine hay. Hut on ih" nub grows naturally, i,, he Morai, the foil isoij loofe ; but on the hi»[i vn, more ftifland cla)^. cr the cultivated parn. he potatoes that wc put! ir.e from very different uality, however, may be iidlions, than Irom its an. II ground, produces taro, ever fecn; and the mote ct potatoes, that fddom pounds, and ffcquenily rtccn pounds, climate from our expc c very variable ; fur ac- , It was, at this time, tht vcather i« fuppofcd to be his grcatefl annual di(. ry moderate; and few^f many of the countries ijedl, cither from heat, or cd here. Nordid wciiiij :ircumrtance which mij If lower partof thccou.i- The rock that cotillimtes rk grey ponderous ftoncj fpots ofarudycolour.anj tides intcrfpcrfed. It is rcms to be di\idcd ir.tu terpofcd ; for the large rterniinatc thickncfs, anJ ered to thofe that were , in all probability, much cm iflands. For during crc, bcfides the lapii ly. ream-coloured whctllone, liter or blacker. veins lilvf g-flitc, as «cll as fonicoi :s brought us fome pxa; >nc We alfo procured a -h from its being ftrongly ivcrcd the quantity olnic uv of this was cut artili- ind whetftones. nd tame animals, wcfaw ■gctables purchaled byus I were, at leal}, fivcorli\ nd produces brcad-ftuit, cr feems to be fcarcf, a t fpccies; but tlie l.iitei hcic iflands, and rare in he line. There arc alfo tic yainsi the kappc of m arum ; the ctooa tree, Cape Jafmine. Wcfjw ', that be. ila oily n,;:, of fkcwcr, and made ufe d in the fame manner a: liorc at A tool except in fervcd the iflanders wear- ngs, round their ncch. Indian mallow ; alfo the :re called none; a fpcciei ntoxicating pepper, be- s. Thefe laftgrowtoi kabic for their variety of art. Upon the dry fand, It, that had never bttn f the (ize of a coqinon ing a fine Howcr, greatly rhe fcarlct birds, brought live ; but we fa>v a fmall bird, of a deep crimfon wl, two brown hawki.ct :ard from the nativM tht among which were the OlCOi otoo, or blueilh heron, and the torata, a fort of whim- l^rel. It is p'obable that the fpecies of birds arc nu- merous, if we .-my judge by the quantity of fine yellow, green, aid fmall velvet-like Wackilh feathers, ufed upon the cloaks, and other ornaments worn by thefe people. Fifh, and other produdlions of the fea, were, to appear* jnre, not various ; as, belides the fmall mackarel, wc onlv faw common mullets j a (pccics of a chalkcy co- lour! a fmall brownifh rock-filn, adorned with blue fpots; a turtle, which was penned up in a pond ; and three or four forts of fi(h faltcd. The few (hcll-fifli fecn by us were chiefly converted into ornaments, though they were deftituie of the recommendation either of beauty or novelty 1 he only tame ordomeftic ani- mals that wc lound here were hogs, dogs, and fowls, which were all of the fame kind that wc met with at the ill.indj of the South Pacific. There are alio fmall li- lai Is; and fome rats rcfembling thofc of every illand «e hud hitherto vi(itcd. Tlieinh.ibitanis of Atooi are cf the middle free, and not much tattowcd. In general they are lloutly made, with a lively open countenance; but they arc remark- able for having neither a beautiful lliape, nor ftriking features. Their vifage, particularly that of the women, isfonr'timcs round; but in others long; nor can it julUy beljid, that they are difliuguiflicd, as a nation, by any peculiar call of countenance. Their complexion is ncjriy of a nut brown ; but fome individuals arc of a daikcr hue. We have already mentioned the women asbeinn little more delicate than the men in their for- mation; and wc may add, that, with few exceptions, they have little claim to thofe peculiarities that dirtm- guifli the fex in moll other parts of the world. There ij, indeed, a very remarkable equality in the fize, colour, jnd figure, of the natives ot both fcxes : upon the whole, himcvcr, they are far from being ugly, and have, to all appearance, few natural deformities ol any kind. Their (km is not very foft, nor Ihining ; but their eyes and teeth arc, for the moll part, pretty good. Their hair, in general, is llraight; and though its natural colour is ufually black, they liain it, as at the Friendly and other illandi. We perceived but few infianccs of corpu- lence, and thele more frequently among the women than the men; bu; it was principally among the latter that perfonal deficit were oblerved ; though if any of them can liy claim to a Ibarc of beauty, it appeared to be mofl conlpicuous among the young men. They are aiflivc, vigorous, and moll expert fwimmcrs ; leaving thiir canoes upon the mofl frivolous occalion ; diving under them ; and fwimming to others, though ac a conliderabic dillancc. We have frequently fcen women with inlmts at the brcaft, when the furf was fo high as to prevent their landing with canoes, leap overboard, ana fwim to the (horc, without endangering their little ones. They appear to be of a frank chearful difpofi- tionj and arc equally free from the fickle levity which characterizes the inhabitants of Otahcite, and the fe- datecaft, obfervabic among many of thofe of Tonga- taboo. They fecm to cultivate a fociable intcrcourfc With cjch other; and, except the proprnlity to thiev- ing, which is, as it were, innate in molt of the people we hsvc vilited in thefe fcas, they were extremely friendly to us. And it docs no fmall credit to their fenfibility, without flattering ourfcNes, that when thcv faw the different articles of our European maniifadhues, they could not refrain from cxprdfing their aflonifliment, by a nuixture of joy and concern, that fecmcd to apply the cafe as a lelfon of humility to themfelvcs ; and on every iiKwlinn, they appeared to have a proper confcioufncfs ot their own inferiority ; a behaviour that equally cx- fmpts their national charadlcr from the ridiculous pride of the more polilhcd Japanefe, and of the ruder native of Greenland. It was pleafing to obfcrvc with what atfoltion the women managed their infants, and with what alacrity the men contributed their afllftancc in fuch a tender oflicc; thus dillinguilliinw themfelvcs from thofc favages who confidcr a wife and child as things rather ncceflary than defirable, or worthy of 'heir regard or cneem. From the numbers that wc WW aflcmblcd ac every village, as wc coalled along, it may be conjectured, that the inhabitants of this ifland arc pretty numerous. Including the ftrag<;ling houfes, there may perhaps be, in the whole iflanil, (ixty fuch villages, as that near which our fhips anchored ; and, if wc allow five perfons to each houfe, there will be, in every village 500, or 30,000 upon the ifland. This num- ber is by no means exaggerated, for there were fome- timcs 3000 people, at leall, colledcd upon the beach ; when it could not be fuppofcd that above a tenth part of the whole were prefcnt. The ordinary drcfs of both fcxes has Wtn already defcribcd. The women have often miuh Litgerpiecei of cloth wrapped about them, extend nnj; from juft be- low the brcafts to the hams, and fometimcs lower; and fevcral were obferved with pieces thrown loofcly over their (houldcrs, which covered the grcatcllpart ot their body; but the children, when very young, arc entirely naked. They wear nothing upon the head ; but the hair, both of men and women, is cut in various forms ; and the general fafliion, particu'r..ly among the latter; is to have it fliort behind, and long before. Tlu' men frequently had it cut on each (iilc in Cwh .\ manner, that the remaining part fomewhat refembUd the crcfl ofti. . caps, or that, which, in horfes manes, is called hogging. Both fcxes, however, fee-rurd to be very carelefs about their hair, and had no combs, nor any thing of the kind, to drefs it with. The men fome- timcs twift it into a number of feparate parcels, like the tails of a wig, each about as thick as a finger; though mod of thofe which arc fo long as to reach far down the back, are artificially fixed upon the head, over their own hair. Contrary to the general praCltce of mofl of the iflamls in the Pacific Ocean, the inhabitants of the Sandwich Iflcs have not their cars perforated, nor do they wear any ornaments in them. Both men and women, however, adorn themfelvcs with necklaces com- pofed of bunches of fmall black cord, like our hat firings, often above a hundred fold ; entirely rcfemb- ling thofc «c faw worn at Watecoo, except that, inllead of the two little balls on the middle before, they fix a fmall piece of wood, ftone, or Ihcll, about two inches in length, with a broad hook, well polifhed. They have alfo necklaces of many firings of very fmall fliells, or of the dried flowers of the Indian mallow ; and they fometimcs hang round their necks a fmall hu- man figure of bone, about the length of three inches. The women likewifc wear bracelets of a fingle flicll, pieces of black wood, with bits of ivory intcrfpcrfed, and neatly polilhcd, faftencd together by a ftring drawn clofcly through them ; or others of hogs teeth, placed parallel to each other, with the concave part outward, and the points cut oflfj fome of which, formed only of large boar's tuflcs, arc very elegant. The men fometimcs fix on their heads plumes of feathers of the tropic bird; or thofe of cocks; fallcned round neat po- lilhcd fticks, two feet in length; and, for the famepur- pofe, they few the flcin of a white dog's tail over a Hick, with its tuft at the end. They alfo, not un- frequcntly,wcaron the head a kind of ornament, of the thickncfs of a finger, or more, covered with yellow and red feathers, curioudy varied, and tied behind ; and, on that part of the arm which is above the elbow, a fort of broad (hell work, grounded upon net-work. The men fometimcs punfture themfelvcs upon their hands or arms, and near the groin ; but frequently we faw no marks at all ; though a few individuals had more of this fpecies of ornament than wc had ufually fecn at other places, and curioufly executed in a great va- riety ot lines and figures, on the arms and fore-part of the body. Near any of their villages, there is no appearance of defence, or fortifications ; and the houfes are fcattered about, without the lead order. Some of thefe habita- tions are large and commodious, from fony to fifty feet in length, and twenty or thirty in breadth , while others of them are contemptible hovels. Their figure rcfcm- bles that of hay-(lacks, or perhaps a better idea may be conceived of them, by fuppofing the roof of a barn placed on the ground, in fuch a manner as to form a high acute ridge, with two low fides. The gable at each if ill i !, 'Ill ''u^'^sli i.i:i.i!.iilrS::| 532 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COM 1' LET E. 1 l|i|!lfiir^l 1(1 Ell 't ■. I J im each end, corrcfponding to the fide?, mak(s ihcfi abodes clofc all round, and they are well thatched with long grafs, which is laid on llcndcr poles. The en- trance is t J either in the end or fide, and is an ol)- long hole, extremely low ; often (hut up by a bo.\rd of planks faftcned together, which fcrvcs as a door ; but as it has no hinges, mull be removed tKrcalionally. No light enters the houfe except by this opening ; and though fuch clofc habitations may be comfortable places of retreat in bad weather, they fecm but ill adapted lo the warm cbmate of this country. 1 hey arc kept re- markably clean, and the Hoors are ftiewed with dried grafs, over which mats arc fpread to fit and lleep on. At one end (lands a bench, about three feet high, on which the domcftic utcnlils are placed. Thefc conlill of gourd-lliclls, which the natives convert into velFels that ferve as bottles to hold water, and as baikcts to contain various articles; alfo a few wooden bowls, and trenchers of various fizes. From what «efaw growing, and from what was brought to market, we have no doubt, that fwcct potatoes, taro, and plantains, conlh- tutc the principal part of their vegetable diet -, M\d that yams and bread-fruit arc rather to be conlalered as rari- ties. Of animal food, they appear to be in no want, having great numbers ot hogs, which run, without rc- flraint, about the houfes ; and, if they cat dogs, w hich is not improbable, their ftock of thcfc feemed very con- fidcrable. The quantities of (illiing hooks found among them, indicates that they procure a tolerable fupply ol animal food from the fca. They have a cullom ol lalt- ing fifli, and likcwifc pork, which ihcy prelerve in gourd-fliclls. The fait ufed for this purpofc is ot a reddi h colour, but not.very coarle, and leenis to be neatly the fame with what our ihagglers found at Chriftmas ifland. Its colour is do;ibtlelu derived from a mixture of mud, at the bottom ot the place «hcrc it is found ; for fome of it, which had adheied in lumps, wasof a tolerable whitencfs. They bake their vegetable articles of food with heated ftones ; and, trom the great quantity which we faw drclFcd at one time, we imagined, that all the inhabitants of a village, or at lead a conli- derable number of people, joined in the ufc of a com- mon oven. Wc did not perceive them drefs any anim&i food at this ifland. The only artificial dilh we faw them drefs was a taro pudding, vhich, though very four, was devoured with avidity bj 'he natives. They eat oft a Tort of wooden trenchers ; and, as far as we were ena- bled tojudgc from one inllance, the women, if rellrained from feeding on the fame difli with the men, as is the cuilom at Otahcite, are at lead allowed to cat in the fame place near them. The amufemcnts of thefe people are various. Wc did not fee the dances at which they ufe the feathered cloaks and caps ; but, from the motions they made with their hands, on other occalions, when they fung, we judged that they were funilar to thofe we met with at the fou- thern idandj, though not fo fkilfully pnformcd. They had not among them either flutes or reeds, and the only two mufical inllruments, fecn by us, were of an exceed- ing rude kind. One of them does not produce a me- lody fuperior to that of a child's rattle. It confillsof what may b: dciiuir.-natcd a conic cap inverted, but very little hollowed at the bafe, made of a fedge-like plant I the upper part of which, and likewife the edges, areembellilhed with beautiful red feathers; and to the point or lower parr, is fixed a gourd- fliell. Into this they put fumething to rattle, which is done by holding the inQrument by the fmall part, and lliaking it briikly before the face, at the fame tunc linking the breaft with the other har ' . The other inftrument was a hollow velTcl of wood, n .inlike a platter, accompanied with two Hicks, w hereon one of our gentlemen faw a man per- forming. He held one of the Ihcks, about two feet in length, with one hand, in the fame manner as wc hold a violin, and tlruck it w :th the other, which was fmaller, and refcmbled a druin-rtick, in a quicker or (lower mcafure, beating with his foot, atftie fame time, upon the hollow vefTcl, that lay upon the grounil inverted, and thus producing a tune, that was not difagreeable. This mufic was accumpanied by the vocal pertotmancc of fome women, w hofe fong had a plcafing etfedh They have great numbers of ("mail polilhed rods, of the lcn"th of between four and live feet, rather thicker than th- rammer of a mufquet, with a tiilt of long dogj Im, fixed on the I'mall end. Thefe they probably make ufc of in their diverlions. We faw a native take one ol them in his hand, and holding it up, give a fmart llroJ;o till It was brougiu into an horizontal pi.iition, (Irikm! the ground with his foot, on the fame tide, and liciitm,^ his brcall with his other hand. They play at Iwu,; with pieces of the whet-llonc, Ihapcd foniewliat like a chccfe, but rounded at the eilges and lidcs, whiih arj very neatly polilhid. They have other bowls niadtoi a rcddilh-biown day, glazed over with a eoiiipolitmii of the fame colour, or of a dark-grey coarfe (late. Thfv alfo ufe as quoits, (mill, (l.ir, roiiiuhni pieces o' wntin > (late, fcarcely a qu irtcr ot an inch thick. As to the manulaCturcs ot theie people, they Jifcovfi an extraordinary degree of ingenuity and nc,itn(h. Their cloth is made from the iiiorus p.ipyriteia, ,i,:tf doubtlcfs, in the f.imc manner, a^ at Toiii;es, calks with iron hoops, and many other things that ' on- tain iron, may fall, or be thrown overboard, during In long a paiTage, and thus find their way to l.md. Thefe are not mere conje<5turcs, for one of Captain Cioik's people actually faw fome wood in a houfe at \V)tnoa, which he fuppofed to be fir : it was worm- eaten, and the natives informed him, that it had been driven alhore by the waves j and wc had their own cx- prefs authority, that they luid obtained, from fome place to the caflward, the Ipecimcns of iron kuiud among them. From this digreli]thcrt«i vifitcd 1 and, in all probabilify, their wars among thcmfclves arc ei]ua!Iy frequent. This, indeed, might be inferred, from the nuinbcr of weapons wc found in their poflcflion, and from the excellent order in which they kept them. But wc had proofs of the fact from their own confi'llion J and, as we were informed, thefc wars are c.irricd o: lutwccn the diU'erent diflricls of ' their own illanil, .is well as between it and the neigh- bouring inh.ihitants of tlie illes of Oncehcow and Oreehou.s. Bdidcs their rpear.?, formed of a fincbrownifh «ood, beautifully polidicd, fomc of which arc barbed at one end, and fl.iirencd to a pnint at the other, they have another kinti ot wcaj-on, which we had never met with bclore. It fomcwhat rcfcmhlrs a dagger, and is, in general, aiiout eighteen niches in length, Iharpcned at one or both ends, and fecurcd to the hand by a llring. Its ufe is to llal) in tlofe combat, and feems well adapted to that purpofe. Some ol thefe may be denominated I double daggers, having a handle in the middle, with ' which the) are the better enabled to flrike diflerent ways. They have likewifc bows and arrows; but, both fiom their flender conilruftion, and their apparent fcarcity, it is probable that they never make ufe of them in battle. The knife or faw, already mentioned, with which they dilRct the dead bodies of their enemies, may alii) be ranked among their weapons, as they both llrike and cut with it when eng.iged in clofc fight. It is a fmall wooden inflrument, about a foot in length, of an oblong (hape, rounded at the corners: its cages are (urrounded with (bark's teeth, ftrongly fixed to it, and pointed outwards; and it has generally a hole in the handle, through which pallls a long firing, and this they wrap fcvtral times round the wrift. Wc aic of opinion that, on fome occalions, they ufe flings, for we procured fome pieces of the ha'matitcs, or blood- ftone, made artificially of an oval form, divided longi- tudinally, with a narrow groove in the middle of the jonvex part. To this the perfon whohadoneoftncm applied a thin cord, but would not dirpofe ofit, though \ he was not unwjiling to part with the ftonc, which, as i t V eighed a pound, muft prove fatal when thrown with 2 fome degree of force. Wc iikewife faw fomc pieces of whetfione neatly polifhcd, of an oval figure, butfom;. what pointed towards each end, nearly refembling jn fhapc fome (tones fcen by Captain Cook at New Calc. donia in 1774, and made ufe of there in flings. Some of their religious inUitutions, and their method of difpofing of their dead, ftrongly mdicatt an alliimy between the manners of thefe people, and of the nativci ot the Friendly and the Society iflands. The inhabi. tants of Tongataboo bury their dead with great dc. cency, and they alio inter their human facrificcs; but they do not, to our knowledge, offer any other animal or even vegetable, to their deities. The Otaheitcans do not inter their dead, but expofe them to waflc and putretadtion, though they afterwards bury the bones and this being their cuftom, it is remarkable, that they lliould inter the bodies of their human facrihces. The. are far from being attentive to the condition ot I'c places, where they celebrate their folemn rites ; mollo: their morals being in a ruinous Hate, and (hewint; mj. nifeft tokens of negled. The people of Atooi relemblc alfo thofe of Otaheite, in oftering vegetables and am. mals to their gods. The taboo Iikewife prevails m Atooi in its full extent, and apparently with greater firidnefs, than even at Tongataboo: for the natnu always alKed here, with great eagerncfs, and uitli inji. cations ot fear of oll'eniling, whether any particuijr thing, which they deiired to fee, was taboo, ur, asthcv pronoun 1 place of rtfrelhmcnt tor the lliips that fail annually be- tween Manilla and Acapulco. They lie ajinoll mid- way l)etween the lall mentioned place and Guam, one of the Ladrones, which is at prefent their only pun m traverlingthis vaft ocean ; and to touch at iliem wou'd not be a week's fail out of their ordinary rout. An aceiiiaintance with the Sandwich Hies would allDh.nc been equally favourable to our Buccaneers, wholme fometiiiies paffed from the coaft of Aineiiea 10 lii^ Ladrones, with a flock of provilion.i and water fiarccly adequate to the fupport ol lile. 1 lerc thiy mi^'M al- ways have met with a plentiful fupply, and hue Ivui within a month's fail uf the very part of Galiloni j, which the Manilla Ihius arc obliged to make, lii* happy would Lord Anion have been, and what iliiii' culties would he havcavoidcd, had he known that iheic was a duller of iflands half way between America ini Tipian, where all his wants might have been cfleotuaily relieved ! At thefc iflands, the tides are fu iiiconfidcrable, tliit COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 535 with a great furf breaking againft the (hore, it was dif- litult, at all timss to determine whether we had high or low water, or Whether it ebbed or flowed. On the louth lide ot Atooi, a current generally fet to the weft ward. or north-weftward : but when we were at anchor off Onceheow, wc found a current lotting nearly N. W, ind S. E. fix hours each way. This was doubtlefs a rfffular title, and the flood appeared to come from iheN. W. The longitude of Sandwich Iflands, was determined by 72 fets of lunar obfcrvations ; fome of which were made while wc were at aachor, in the road of Wymoa j others, before wc arrived and after wc had left it, and reduced to it, by the watch or time-keeper. By the menu rcfulc of the obfcrvations, the longitude of the road is 200 dcg. 13 min. ]L. and the latitude, by the mean of two mcriilian oblcrvations of the fun 21 dcg. (6 mill. iS '^<^- N. Wc now return to the progrefs of our voyage. On Monday, the 2nd of February, the Difcovery hav- inir joined us, wc Hood away to the northward, with a ffcntic gulc from the E. On the 7th we were in the latitude of 20 dcg. N. longitude 2co dcg. K. the vtind having veered to the b. E. which enabled us to liter N. K. and E. This courfc wc continued to the 121I1 when the wind having changed, wc tacked, and Hood' to the northward, in latitude 30 dcg. N. longitude ;o not equal to the crt'cd. On rhurfdjy th.; 19th, bcmg in latitude 37 dcg. N. longitude 206 dcg. L. the wma veered to the S. \i. and we were again enabled to ftter to the F. inclining to thcN. On tlic 25th, we reached thelatitudcof 43 dcg. 30 min. longitude ; 19 dcg. when «c hrijan to meet with the rock-weed, nuiuioned in liird Anfon's vc^agc, by the name of the Ica-lcck, rhich is generally Icen by the Vlanilla llups. vSince ucleft Sandwich lllands, wchad Itarcely bcncld a bird, or anv other oceanic animal. On Sunday, the ill of March, in latitude 44 dcg. 49 min. N. ami in longitude 21H dcg. E. we had m .dciaic and mild wiatlier, which appeared to us vei) extra- ordinary, when wc were (o lar N. and lo near an txten- Svernniineiit, at this time of the year. yViiother lin- pulareiicuinllancc is, that wc Ihoiilil meet with lo Kw hirds, compared to thofc we law in the lame latitudes, mihcS (if ihe line. Hence wc may coiitludc, that, in the fimthein heniifphcrc, beyond 40 dig. the iptcies nrc much more nunieious, and ilie itlaiids more plcn- tiluily feaitered, than any where near that latitude, bc- tttccn the coall of Caiitornia and Japan. On the morning of the iiid, during a calm, part of the lea ap- pearcd to he covered with a kind ot llniic, and linail tea animals. When they fwam about, which they did \vuhe,ifeinvariousdircCtions, they emitted the brighlf 11 eolours of t; .■ moll valualilc gcin.s, according u> their porititni, ..fpcc'^ing the light. Some ot them were taken up and [lut into a glafs of lalt water, when, at one timr, tiny appeared pellucid, at another difpiaying the various t'lUs of blue, from a pale laphiiinc to a vio- let, mixid uiih a kind of ruby, and glow ing with fufli- iient Itreiintii to illuminate the glafs of water. When the villel was held to the llrongtlt light, the tints ap- peared mort vivid J but almoll vanilh.cd when the ani- injls fublidid to the bottom, and they had then a hiownilli ap|u',iiainc. By candlc-ligln, the colour was, piincipally, abcjunliil pale green, with a kind of bur- mniedglols: and, i;i the dark, it faintly exhibited a e'owinj; tire. 1 hey are a new fjiecics oiijuijiut, called nv Mr. Andcrfon, Omjlus fulgens, and fuppoled to be an animal which contributes 10 that lucid appearance often obfe tvcd at fea in the night. On Friday the 6th, at noon, in latitude 44 dfg. N. longittide 134 dcg. 30 min. L. wc law tw o I'cals, and fc- vcral whales ; and on the 7th, early in the morning, the long expeded coaft of New Albion, fo named by Sir Francis Drake, was dcfcricd, at the diftance of ten leagues, extending from N. E. to S. E. At noon wc were in latitude 44 deg. 33 min. N. longitude 235 deg. 20 min. E. and the land about eight leagues diftanr. This formed a point at the northern extreme, which our Commodore nanfied Cape Foulweather, from the exceeding bad weather we afterwards met with. After fevcral attempts attended with many difficulties, on Monday the gth, wc tacked, and flood in again for the land ; but the wind continually Ihifting, and blowing in fqualls, with hail and fleet, obliged us to fland off and on, without feeing the leaft lign of a harbour. The land which wc approached on our dill'crent tacks, is moderately high, but, in many places, it rifes ftill higher within. It is divcrfliicd with hills and riflng grounds, many of which are covered with tall flraight trees j and others, not fo high, grew in fpots, like clumps, but the fpaccs between, and the fides of the rifing grounds were clear. Such a profpect in fummer might be very agreeable, but at this feafon it had an uncom- fortable appearance, the bare grounds along the coaft being covered wi'h fnow, which fccmcd to lie in abundance between the hills and riling grounds, and in many places, towards the fea, had, at a diftance, the appcar.ince of white clitfs. On the rifing grounds, the fno.v was thinner fprcad; and farther m land, there feemed to be none at all. Hence it niight, perhaps, be concluded, that the fnow which we had Icon towards the fea, had fallen the preceding night j which was, in- deed, the coldell wc had experienced lincc our arrival on ihat coaft j a kind of fleet fell fomctimes ; and the weather became very unfettled. The coaft appeared al- moll flraight in every part, not having any opening or inlet, and terminated in a kind of fandy bc.ich ; though It was imagined by fome on board, that fuch appear- ance was ow ing to the fnow. Each extreme of iht ..ind (hot out iiuo a point } the nonhcrn one was that « liirh wc had fci n on the 7th, and therefore the Captaiii called It Cape I'erpeiua. Its latitude is 44 dcg. 6 mm. N. and Its longitude 235 deg. j2 min. E. The foudurn extreme was named Cape Gregory. It lies in the lati- tude of 43 dcg. 30 mm. N. and in the longitude oi 235 dcg. 57 mm, E. At live o'clock the wind veered to the W and S. VV. which induced us once more to Hand out to lea. At this tunc Cape Perpctua bore N. E. by N. and the farthtll land to the S. of Cape Gregory S. by E. dillant about ten or twelve leagues : conlcquently, its latitude is 43 dcij;. 10 mm. and its longitude 235 dcg. 55 min. li. This is ncaily the (ituationof Cape Ulanco, diicovcred the 19th ol January 1603, by Martin a'.\gui- lar. It IS remarkable that in this very latitude, gco- ("aphers have placed a large entrance or llrait, afcrib- ing the difcovery of it to the fame navigator; whereas not lung more is mentioned in his voyage, than his hav- ing diicovcred a large river in this lituation, which he would have entered, but was hindered by the currents. The wind being now very unfettled, blowing in fqualls, attended with fnow Ihowcrs, we were obliged to ftretch to the fouthward to get clear of the coall. On Friday, the 13th, the gale abated, and wc flood in again tor land. On Saturday, the 21 fl in the morning, a breeze Iprung up at S. W. This being attended with fair weather, wc (leered north-eallcrly ; and on the 22nd, about eight o'clock A. M. wccam'c in light of land, diflant about nine leagues, being now in lati- tude 47 dcg. 5 min. N.and our longitude 235 deg, 10 min. E. At length we perceived a finall opening be- tween what we fuppofcd to be an iftand, and the northern extreme of the land : here wc expected to find a harbour ( but our hopes vanifticd as wc drew nearcrj and, we were fo>>n convinced, that the open- ing was clofed by low land. Our difappoiiument uc- calioned the point of land, to the north, to be n.uiied Cape Flattery. Its latitude is 48 dcg. 1 5 min. N. and Its longitude 2 j5 deg. 3 mm. E. In this latitude geo- graphers have placed the pretended flrait of Juan dc huca. Uut nothing of chat kind ptefentcd itlJt to our view, nor is it probable th»t apy (itch thing ever cxifled. o« mEm PWWf 1 1 1 19 iH mm S F^ ^^H dHlw mf ■ V' ^H ^Ualn mm 'fl Hil S36 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ■■^■^.fe. On Sunday, the 39th, we were in latitude 49 dcg. ig min. N. and in the (ongitude of 332 deg. 29 min. E. when we again faw land, the ncarclt part fix leagues diftant. A low point is formed, at theS. E. extreme, off Which are feveral breakers^ on account of which it Was called Point Breakers^ Its latitude is 49 deg. 15 min. N. artd its longitude 233 deg. 20 min. E. The latitude of titc other extreme is about 50 deg. and the longitude 232 dcg* This laft was named Woody Point. Between thefe two points a large bay is fonncd, which the Captain called Hope Bay j hoping, as he faid, to find in it a f^ood harbour } and the event proved that he was not miftaken. As we approached the coart, we faw the appearance of two inlets-, one of which was in the N. W. and the other in the N. E. corner of the bay. We bore up for the latter, and palfcd fomc brCu'-Ts about a league from the (hore. As we ad- vanced, the cxiftcncc of the inlet ~z longer remained doubtful. At five o'clock we reached the wcK point of It i and foon after a brcer.e fprung up at N, W. with which we flretched into an arm of the in'et, run- ning in to the N. E. Here we were becalnud, and found it neccflfary to anchor in eighty-five fathoms wa- ter, and fo near the fliorc as to be able to rcich it with a hawfcr. The Difcovcry was becalmed before flie got within the arm, wlierc flic anchored in 75 U- thomj. At the place where we were firft becalmed, three ca- noes came off to the fhip, in one of which were two men, in .inothcr fix, and in the other ten. Advancing pretty near us, a pcrfon lloml up in one of them, and Ipoke for a confidcrable.time, inviting us, as wc fup- pofed, by his gelhires to go afhore j and, at the fame time continued (brewing handfuls of leathers towards us. Some of his companions alfo threw a red powder in the fame manner. One, in particular, fung a moll agreeable air, accompanied with a melodious folt- nefs. The word haela was repeated frequently »» the burden of the fong. Soon after a breeic fptif mg up brought us clofer to the Ihorc, w hen the canoes came to vifit us in great numbers; having, at one time, no lefs than thirty-two of them about the (hip, containing from three to feven or eight |)erfons each, and of liotn fcxcs. One attradid particularly our notice, by its having a peculiar head, with a bird's eye, and an enor- mous large beak, painted upon it. The chief who was in it, appeared eqiislly remarkable for his lingular ap- pearance; having a large «iuantity of feathers hanging from his head, and being fineared in a very extraordi- nary manner. In his hand he had a caived bird of wood, of the fizc of a pigeon, with which he olien rattled, like the perfon bclorc mentioned 1 and was equally vociferous in his harangue, which was accompa- nied with many exprefiive geflure''. Not any of thefc vifitors could be prevailed upon to come on board. They were very ready, however, to part with any thing they had, and received whatever we offered them in exchange; but they were very folicitous after iron, and appeared to be no firangers to that valuable metal. Having found fuch excellent flieltcr for our (liip-s, in an inlet whofc roafts appeared to be inhabited by an inoft'enfive race of people, we loH no time, alter com- ing to anchor, in fearching lor a commodious har- bour, where we might be (lationcd during our conti- nuance in the found. Upon this fervicc three armed boats were fcnt j and on the N. W, of the arm, at a fmall dirtancc from the fhips, wc found a convenient cove: but apprehending we could not tranfport cur fliips to it, and moor them properly, before night had overtaken us, we thought it prudent to continue where we were till the next morning. The whole day we were furrounded with plenty of canoei ; and a recipro- cal trade was commenced between us, conducted with the ftndfefl harmony and integrity on both fides. Their articles of commerce were the (kirn of various ani- mals, fuch u bean, fea-oucn, wolves, foxct, deer, ra- coons, martins, and pole-cats. Thty alfo produced a kind of rioathing, fabricated frtNn the bark of a tree, or a plant rcfcmbling bemp i bcTides which •niclci. ,^. they had bows, arrows, and fpearsj filh-hooks, and va. rious kinds of inftrumcnts •, wooden vizors, rcprefcnt. ing horrid figures i a fort of woollen fiufi^j carved work" beads; and red ochre j alfo feveral little ornamcnuof thin brafsand iron refembling an horfcllioc, whichth(v wear pendant at their nofcs. However, among all the articles which they expoled to laic, the inoll extraordi. nary were human fkulls, and hands, with fonie of the rttfh remaining on them ; which they acknowledged they had been feeding on; and foineofthem, inJuj bore evident marks of their having bcenonthefirc. For tiie various articles they brought, they received in ex. change knives, chifTels, nails, looking glalfes, buttom or any kind of metal. Ihey had n^t much inclinaiion for beads, and rejcfted every kind of cloth. On Tuefday, the 31ft, «c were employed in haulino the fliips into the cove, w here they » tre moored. 'fi,j Rcfolution was now becume very leaky in her up^er works; on which account the carpenters were ordired to caulk her, and to repair any other dcfcdts they mUi difcover. In the courfc of this day, the news of oj, arrival brought vafl numbers of the natives about out fhips. At one time we counted above a hundred larioc! each of which, on an average, had live people on boird' few containing lels than three; many having fcv,„' eight, or nine; and one was m.mned with Icunitcn. Many of tlicfe wc:c new viliiors, which we dillovitfj by their orations and ceremonies, li thiy, at li,-|(, luj apprehended that we nitant to bo hollilc, thur it,,,; were now removed ; for they ventured on bojrd the (hips, and mixed with our [icopie w ah the utinoll lax. dom and familiarity. We Oifcoveied, however, bi this intercourfe, that they were as loiui of pilkring u any we had met with during our voyage ; and ther were much more mifchicvous than any of the othu thieves we had found ; for, having (harp inflrunwivt in rhcir poffeflion, they could, the inliane that our backi were turned, cut a hook from a tackle, or a picacf iron from a rope. They flripped our boats ot cveiy piece of iron that was worth taking away, though rome of our men were always left in them as a guard. The; were, indeed, fu dextrous in cffeding their purpolcs, that one fellow would contrive to amulcour piopic it one end of the boat, while his confederate was lorcing off the iron work at the other. If an article ttijt luJ been ftolen was immediately niiflird, the thici wasuiily dctcifted, as they were fond ot imp(.Khiii(;euclioth(f: but the prize was always reliiCtantly givin u|i b) ihe guilty perfon ; and fomecinus coin| uilive means vrcrc obliged to be ufed in onler to regain it. Wcdncfday, April the ill, having fafcly moortJ our (hips, wc proceeded to other lucelfiry Inilindi. The obfervatories were taken afhore, and placed oiu rocK, on one fide of the cove. A party of men was lli. tioncd to cut wood, and clear a p^ne for waienn^. Having plenty of pine-trees here, others weie eiiiplijol in brewing fpruce-bccr. The forge was alio erei:icJio make the necelfary iron-work lor repairing rhe lorctmll, Wc were daily vifited by a conliderable luiniberoine* comers, who had a lingular mode of introJutiniijilunp. felves on their firfl appearance, by paddling, with then utinoll llrcngth and a^iviry, round both the Ihipi, while a chief, (landing up with a fpear in hit htni, bawled moll vocifcroufly all the time. The farcofihii orator was fometimes covered with a malk, reprireiii* ing either a human countenam c, or that ol loiiicoiher animal ; and, inllead of a Ipear, he had a kindufncie in his hand. Frequently, belore they came along tiile, or on board our Ihip, they would eiiiercain u« wiih a long, in which their whole company joined. Durini; thefe vifiu our principal care was to guard agtinli ihtu thievery. But on Saturday, the 4th of April, wc had a v«f (crious alarm, for our party on (hore |)erccived thciu- lives in all quarters arming, and thofe who had m* proper weapons were colleitting (licks and ftona. TV Captain, hearing this, ordered all our workmen tore- pair to the rock, whereon our obfervatories had Ixd placed t thus leaving the fuppofed enemy in pofli:iIiiii> of the greund where they aflcmbled, wt)ich waiwitM sbai COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c 537 about one hundred yards of our Hern. We foon found, however, that thefe hodile preparations were diredled aiainft a bod/ of their own countrymen, who were ad- vancing to attack them ; and our friends of the Sound, pcicciving our apprehenfions, exerted their bed endea- vours to convince us, that this was really the cafe. The adverfe party, on board about twelve large canoes, at I length drew up in line of battle, off the South point of the cove. A negociation for the rcftoration of peace was now commenced ; in the courfe of which feveral people in canoes paflcd between the two parties, and forne debates enfucd. At length the matter in difputc 1 appeared to be adjulled ; but the ftrangers were not permitted to approach our (hips. It is mod likely we were the principal occafion of the quarrel ; the llran- ffcrs, perhaps, infilling on having a right of fliaring in 1 the advantages ot a trade with us ; and our firll friends rtfolving to engrofs us entirely to thcmfclvcs. VVc were convinced of this on many other occafions ; nay, even among thofe who lived in the found, the wcaticr «ere often obliged to fubmit to the ftrongcr party, and were plundered of every thing, without even attempt- ini; to make any refiUaiite. Sanday, the 5th, the carpenter difcovered the checks of the foreman to be rotten, and began to fupply it Miih new ones. It was fortunate that thcfe dclciMs lliould be dikovcred, when we were fo coinniodioiilly lituaicd, as to be able to procure the materials iliat were rcquifite. On i\;t 7th, while the forc-inall was repairing, the Captain ordered a new let ot main- fig, Hg to be fitted. From our putting into the found 10 this day, the weather had been remarkably fine ; but in the morning of the 8th we had rain with a frclh gale, andin the evening it blew extremely hard: but though thcfe tempeftuous blalls fuccccdcd each other quickly, they were of ftjort duration: yet we had the misfor- tune to have our mizen-maft give way at the head. About eight o'clock, the gale abated, but the rain con- tinued, almoft witlioui mtermilfion. Durinj^ thefc Ifqiialls the natives frequently brought us fmall cod, Ifmall bream, or fardine, and a fupply of other filh. ISunday the mh, in the evening, we received a vilit I from a tribe of natives, whom we had not fcen before, land who, m general, made a Utter appearance than lour old filends. When conducted into the cabin, I lincrc was not an objcft that fixed their ar:cntion j all ; loiirnoveltics were looked on with inditfcrcntc, except I Ibj a very lew, who (hewed a certain degree ofcuriolity. j lOn Thurlday the 16th, whenour carpenters had made la contidcrable progrefs on the inizen-malt, they dif- I Icovered that the tree on which they were at work, was j |«oundcd, owing, it was imagined, to fomc accident in I jcutting it down. It therefore became nectlFary to pro- j Icutc another tree out of the woods, on which work all Ihands were employed alwuthalfa day. During this loperation, many of the natives were gazing on with an lincxprefliljle furprrze, which, from their general inat- Ttention, we did not exped. On Saturday, the 1 8th, R party of ftrangers, in leven or eight canoes, came into khc cove, and after looking at us for fome time, retired. hVc concluded, that our old friends would not fufier mm to have any dealings with us. It was evident, pndeed, that the neighbouring inhabitants cngrofFed us tnlircly to themfelves ( and that they carried on a trafiic pith more dillant tribes, in thole articles they had re- reived from us : for they frequently difappeared four or live days together, and returned with frclh cargoes of turiofities and (kins. Such of them as villtcd us daily, kficr having difjxifcd of their triHes, employed them- Idves in filhing, and we always partook of what they Vaujiht: we alfo procured from them a confiderable huantity of good animal oil, which they brought to us |n bladders. Some, indeed, attempted to cheat us, by nixing water with oilj and once or twice they fo far Impolid upon us, as to fill their bladders with water f nly. In exchange for their articles of trailic, metal pas generally demanded by our vilitors i and brafs had ►owfuuplantcd iron, being fought after, with fuch eager- [eli, that before we left tTie found, fcarccly a bit of it 11 to be found in the (hips, except what conAitutcd No. 66. f f a part of our necefTary indrumenrs i fuits of cloaths were dripped of their buttons , bureaus of their fur- niture; kettles, cannifters,and candlefticks, all went to rack; fo that our American fritnds procured from us a greater variety of things, than any other nation we had vifited. On Sunday, the 19th, moft of our work being now finilhed. Captain Cook fet out the next morning to furvcy the found. Proceeding firft to the weft point, we difcovered a large village, and, before it a very fnug harbour, with from nine to four fathoms water. The inhabitants of this village, who were numerous, and to many of whom the Commodore was no rtranger, re- ceived him with great courtefy, every one prefliiig him to enter his apartment ; for feveral families have habita- tions under the fame roof. He accepted politely the invitations, and the hofpitable friends whom we vi- fited, tcllified every mark of civility and refpcft. In many of thcfe habitations women were employed, in making drefll-s of the bark or plant already mentioned, and executed their bufinefs much like the natives of New Zealand: others were buly in opening fardincs ; large Ihoals of which we have feen brought on Ihorc, and meafuied out to feveral people, who carried them hoinc;. where they performed the operation ofcui-:ng them: this is done by Imokc-dryintr. They are lung upon fmall rods; at firft, about a foot over the fi:e; they arc then removed higher and higher, to make room for others. When dried, they are clofely packed in bales, and the bales covered with mats. Thus they are prcferved till wanted, and arc not unplcafant fooif. They alfo cure cod, and other large filh in the fame manner; but thefe are fometimes dncd in the open air. Leaving this village, we proceeded up the weft lide of the found. For near three miles we faw feveral fmall illands, fo fituated as to form fome convenient harbours, the depths being from thirty to fevcn fatiio;ns. About two leagues within the found, on the fame lide, an arm runs in the liircdion of .\'. N W. and aimthcr in the fame diicdfion about two miles faithrr. About a mile above the fccond arm we foiuii the ruins of a village. The framings of tho houlis n niaincd (land- ing, but the boards or roots wen taken away. Behind this defcrted village is a finall ^il i;n, lovered with the laigett pine-trees we had ever Icen. Tl w..s lingu- lar, us mod of the elevated ground on tii.s lide the found appeared rather naked. Palling from hence to the call lide, we obfcrvcd, what we had before ima- gined, that it was an ifiand, under which the lliips lay; and that many fmaller ones lay fcattered about on the well lide of it. U(>on the main land, oppolite the north end ot our ifiand, we faw a village, and landed there, but our Commodore was not fo politely received b> the inhabitants, as by thofe of the other village he had vi- litcd. This cold reception was occnlioned by one lurly chief, who would not fuft'cr him to enter their houfcs, making exprefTive figns, that he was impatient fgr him to be gone. Captain Cook endeavoured in vain to fixith him with prefents : thefe he did not rc- fufe, though he continued the fame kind of behaviour. But, notwithdanding this treatment from the inhofpi- tabk chief, fome ot the young women expcditioully apparelled themfelves in their l)ell habilimems, al'em- bled in a body, and, joining in an agreeable ling, gave us a hearty welcome. Evening now drawinj; on, tJap- tain Cook propofed returning, and we proceeded tor the (hips round the north end ot the illand. When returned aboard, we were informed that in our ahfeiicc, fomc drangers from the S. E. had vilite 1 our tv-ople in the fliips, who purchafed of them tuo nUer taolc fpoons, that appeared to be of Spanilh manuiaLiiirc. They were worn round the neck ot one of laole viii. tors by way of ornament. Wcdne(clay, the a2d, about eight o'clock A. M. we were vifited by a number of llrangeis fiom the fuuthward. After their departure the two Captains, Cook, and Clerk, went in their own boats to the village at the wed point, where our Commodore had been two d ■/» before, and had obferved that plenty of grafs was to be had near iti and it was ncccfiary to get a fupply 6 U of '^ Mn if' 'i^M ■ f'ltW, iM is i All 538 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. \^i '.mi V I'M ri; I H of this, for the few remaining goats and Ihcep that were ftill on board. Wc received the fame welcome reception as before, and our Commodore ordered fome of the people to begin cutting: not imagining the na- tives would objedl to our furnilhing ourfelves with what could not be of any ufe to them, though elTentially ne- ceflary for us. In this, however, we were miftakcn, for as foon as our men began cutting the grafs, fome oJ the inhabitants would not permit them to proceed, faying, " Makook," fignifying, that wc muft buy them firft. During this event. Captain Cook was in one of the houfes, but, hearing of it, he repaired immediately to the field, where he found about us, a dozen claimants nf different parts of the grafs, that grew on the premifcs. The Commodore treated with them for it, and having complied with the terms of his purchafe, thought wc had now full liberty to cut whatever we pleafed. Here he was again miftakcn ; for he had fo liberally paid the firft pretended proprietors, that frefh demands were made from others, (o that every fingic blade of grafs might have had a feparatc owner; and fo many of them were to be fatisfied, that his pockets prefcntly became empty. When they were convinced of this laft ftrik- ing circumftance, they ccaftd to be importunate, and we were permitted to cut where we thought proper, and as much as we pkafed. Mere it is worthy of obferva- tion, that we never met with any uncivilized nation, or tribe, who poflcflcd fiich Uriel notions of their having an cxclufivc property in the produce of their country, as the inhabitants of this found. They even wanted our people to pay for the wood and uater that were car- ried aboard. Had Captain Cook been prcl'cnt when thefe demands were inadc, he would doubtlcfs have complied with them ; but our workmen thought dif- ferently, and paid little or no attcnt.on to (uch claims. The natives thinking we were determined to pay not the leaft confideration, at length ccaled to apply for the fame : but they frequently took occalion to remind us, that their cftecm for us had induced them to make us a prefcnt of wood and water. Having completed all their operations at this village, the natives and the two Captains took a friendly leave of each other, and wc re- turned to the n)ip:> in the afternoon. The 23d, 24th, and 25th, were employed in pre- paring for fca ; the fails were bent; the obfcrvatories and other articles were removed from the lliorc ; and both thips put into a proper condition for failing. On Sunday the 26th, the Commodore intended to have fet fail, but having both wind and tide againll us, wcwerc under a neceflity of \^aiting till noon, when the tide turning in our favour, the (hips were towed out of the cove. At four o'clock P. M. the mercury in the ba- romctcr funk uncommonly low, and we had every ap> pcarance of an approaching ftorm from the Ibuthward : but the Captain's anxiety to profecute the voyage, and the fear of loling fogood anopportunity of getting out of the found, operated more llrongly upon his mind than the apprehenfion of danger, and he rclblved to put to fea. We were attended by the natives nil we were al. mod out of the found ; fome in their canoes, and others on board the fliips. One of the chiefs who had par- ticularly attached himfcif to Captain Cook, was among the lall who parted from us. I'hc Captain a little time before we got under way, made him a fmall prefcnt ; for which he received, in return, a beaver fkin of much fuperior value. For this rcafon th" Captain made an addition to hisprefent, which pleafed the thief fo highly, that he ptefentcd to the Commodore the beaver-fkin cloak which he then wore, and of which he was par- ticularly fond. -Struck with this inflancc of gcnerolity, and wilhing him not to be a futVerer l)y his gratitude, Captain Cook inlifkd upon his acceptance of a new baoad-fword, with a brais hilt, with which he appeared greatly delighted. We were carnellly importuned by the chief, and many oi his countrymen, to pay them another vilit j who, by way of indutemcnr, proiinfed to procure a large Hock of (kins. Before we continue the progrefs of lur voyage, we think it may be no linall tiiicnainmcnt to our readers, to compnlc in the ic- mainder of this chapter further particulars relative to the country and its inhabitants. The inlet in which our (hips were moored is called by the natives Noocka, but Captain Cook gave it the name of King George's Sound. The entrance is m the call corner of Hope Bay, in latitude 49 deg. 33 mi,,, N. longitude 2^3 deg. la min. K. The ealt coali j, covered by a chain of ftinken rocks, and, near the found are fome iUands and rocks above water. We enter the found between two rocky points, lying E. S. L, and W. N. W. from each other, diftant lour miles. The found widens within thefe points, and extends to the northward at Icall four leagues. In the middle of it are a number of iflands of various lizes. The dipth of water, not only in the middle of the (bund, but jiio clofc to fome parts of the (liore, is from 47 to 93 ij. thoms, or more. Within iis circuit, the harbours and anchoring places are numerous. The cove, whcrcour (hips anchored, is on the eaft liJc of the Ibuiitl, .mj alfo on the eaft of the largeft illand. Its prinripal re. commendation is that of being covered from the fci; for it is cxpofed to the S. E. winds, which fometinifi blow with great violence. Upon thcfcacoall, iht l.ini is tolerably high; but, within the found, it rids m:. fteep hills, which have a uniform appearance, cndT:;;ii rou'idilh tops, with (harp ridges on their tides. Aijjv of theic hills are high; all ot tiieni are covered t()th>;r fumniits with the th.ckcll woods. The (oil upon thtm is produced fioin rotten nKilFes and trees, of ihedfp-.li of about two feet. Their foundations arc noth;r,» more than ftiipenH'";: rocks; of a grey or whiiiihuit whenexpofi.; to the weather; but, when broken, arc of a biuifh grey colour. The rocky (bores coiiliiim. tircly of this; and the beaches of the little cuvuia the (bund arc compofed of fragments of it. The climate appears to be infinitely milder ttianthit on the eaft coaft of America, under the fame pariid of latitude. We perceived no froft in any of the low ground ; but on the contrary, vegetation proceeiied very brifkly, for, at this time, we faw grafs upmrJi of a foot long. The trees of which the woods are com- (xikdarethc Canadian pine, white cyprefs, andtttooi three other forts of pine. 1 he two firft are in the greateft abundance. At a diltancc they refembic cicii other; but they are cafily diftinguilhcd on a nearer viev, the cyprcfs being of a paler green than the other, in general, the trees grow here with great vigour, mi irt of a large (ize. About the rocks and borders ut ise woods, wc faw fome (Irawbcrry plants, ralbcnr, ent- rant ?nd goofeberry bulhes, all in a flouriihing Itiic, I We found alfo a few black alder-trees ; n Ipecicsuiio*. thiftle ; fome crows-foot with a fine crimfon flower, ind two forts of Anthcricum. Wc met with Ionic «iii rofes-bufhes, juft budding: (bme young leeks, ainull fort of grafs, and fome water crelfcs ; tKfidci a gieit abundance of andromeda. The fcafon of the yen Jii not permit us to acquire much knowledge of the <^qt- Cables of this country ; and being in a cove, nn an iluri, all the animals that we faw alive were two or three ri- coons, martins, fquirrels; andfomeof our people »lio landed on the continent, on the foutheafl lide ol :1k Sound, obferved the prints of a bear'i feet, not in from the fhore ; but wc could only judge of the qui- drupeds from the Ikins purchafed of the iiihabitanii, and thefe were fometimes lb mutilated, that wc mi { not even guefs to what fpccies of animals they belong though others were fo perfcdf as not to admit a doutil I about them. The ino(t common of thefe Kill fom «ett bears, deer, foxes, and wolves. Bear-lkins arc ia abundance, but not very large { their colour is ^cnenllf a fliining black. The dcer-lkins arc not fo plennliil, and appear to belong to what the inhabitants of Nonh- Carolina in America, call the fallow-deer; but Mr. Millar, in his New Syftcm of Natural Ififtory dilli* gui(hei it by the name of Virginian deer, and thinltii I quite adifterent fpcc'cs from ours. Our very nui*l rous friends and (ubfcribcrs will not be difplcafcdifxl here give a decilive opinion in (avour of thattniiul New, Cheap, and Capital Work, Millar's *tM ..,.., ... N"! J i T E. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. cs. a 1 ler particulars relative to s. )s were moored is called aptain Cook gave it the nd. The entrance is in latitude 49 dcg.3jmi„, n. h. The calt cnall j, 5cks,and, near the found bove water. We enter Doints, lying E. S, E. and diftant lour miles. The nts, and extends to ihj In the middle of it arious lizes. The dtpilj die of the found, but jIIo re, is from 47 to 90 u. circuit, the harbours and i. The cove, where out lide of the found, ,ind Hand. Its principal re. ig covered from the in-, winds, which fomctimti j)on thcfcacuall, ihcbj the found, it rills m;, riTi appearance, end.-' 1 ^c\ on their tides. ^l,m liu-in are covered toth.ir i)ds. J he (oil upon thim Us and trees, of ihcd;p;li foundations arc ncthri of a grey or whiiiihui r; but, when brokin, arc le rocky Ihores coniiii m. :hes of the little covuia igmentsof it. infinitely milder than ihjt , under the fame pauLtl no frolt in «ny of the low try, vegetation proienitd mc, we faw grafs upmrjj : which the woods arc com- , white cyprefs, andt»oo( The two lirfl arc in the liltance they refemblcaii Ungui (lied on a nearer new, green than the other, in ■ with great vigour, jml art rocks and borders m i,:e )crry plants, ralbcrn', cut- i, all in a Hourilhing ihic Idcr-trccs; a Ipccicsuiloi. h a fine crimfon llowir, and Wc met with Ionic «iiJ Ibmc young leeks, alnuil Cer crellcs ; belidcj a grcii The feafon of the year Jii ich knowledge of the *;•?(. icing in a cove, on an il'ucd, alive were two or three «• md fome of our pcuplcnlvi 1 the foutheall lideoi ilx I I of a bcit'i feet, not In dd only judge of the qui- irchafcd of the inhabitant), 3 mutilated, that wc m\i \ es of animals they btlonj .6t as not to admit a inn!* I fimon of thele Kill fons nit irolves. Bcar-lkins arc in gC{ their colour is t;cr,frallf r-lkins arc not fo plcntilij, It the inhabitants of Sortlv the fallow-deer J but Mr, of Natural I Iiftory M\\>- irginian deer, andtli"'iiii m ours. Our very numt will not be difplcafcdilwl on in favour of th,ittni»tl :al Work, Muiars «eu[ Nil 539 New Body of Natural History, to be compleated in fixty weekly numbers, price only lixpence each, and now publKhing with univerfal approbation, may be faid, without the Icaft particle of flattery, to be far fupcrior to every other publication of the kind. May merit alone ever have the preference and encourage- ment, with the unprejudiced and dilintercfted public, isourlincere and hearty wifh ! But to proceed. The foxes are numerous, and of fcveral varieties ; the (kins of fome being yellow, with a black tip at the tail ; others of a reddifh yellow, intermixed with black. We met with an entire wolf's Ikin, which was grey. Here is the common martin, the pine martin, and another of a lighter brown colour. The ermine in this country is fmall, and not very common ; nor is its hair remarka- bly tine. The animal is entirely white, except about an ini h at the tip of the tail. The racoons and fquiriels are ot the common fpecics, but not fo large as in other partsof the world. Hogs, dogs, and goats, have not yet made their appearance in this place. The fea animals feen off the coaft were whales, por- poifcs.and fcals ; the lalt of thefe feem only of the com- mon fort. Though fea-ottcrs are amphibious, yet we may confldcrthcm as belonging to this clafs, as living principally in the water. The fur of thefe animals, as mentioned in the Ruffian accounts, is certainly fofter and finer than that of any other animals known by the Europeans ; confeiiuently the difcovery of this part of the continent of North-.>\mcrica, where fo valuable an article of commerce may be met with, cannot be a matter of indifference. Mr. Coxc, in his KulTian Dif- covcries, on the authority of Mr. Pallas, fays, that the old and middle-aged fca-otters Ikins are fold at Kiatchta, by the Ruifians to the Chinefe, from 80 to too rubles a llvin, that is from 16I. to 20I. each. The birds that frequent the waters and the fliores are far from being numerous: they are very ftiy, owing, perhaps, to ihcir being continually harraifed by the na- lives, either to eat, or for their feathers to be worn as ornaments. We met with humming birds, different in fome rcfpcOts from the various forts al/cady known of this delicate little animal. Shags and gulls are alio frequent in the Sound. Some fwans too were feen flying to the northward, but wc know not their haunts. Here are two forts of wild ducks } one black, with a white licadi the other white, with a red bill, but of a larger fizc: alfo the greater Lumme, or diver, found in the northern parts of Europe. On the (bores we found a fand-piper, not unlike the burre, a plover, rcfembling our common lark, and two kinds of wood-peckers, one fmaller than a thrulh, the other larger and more clc|;;ant. Fi(h are more plentiful than birds. Theprincipal forts we found wcrethccommon herring, not exceeding feven inches in length; afmallcrfort, of thcfamc kind with the anchovy, though rather larger: a filvcr coloured bicani, and another of a brown colour, with narrow blue ftripes. Sharks fomctimcs frequent the found, lor the natives have fome of their teeth in their poircflion. About the rocks there is an abundance of large inufcles, many of a fpan long ; in fome of which are large pearls ; but they are not pleating cither in colour or Ihapc. Red coral IS to be found either on the coall or in the found, large branches of it having been Iccn in the canoes of the natives. The only reptiles obfcrvcd here were brown fnakes, about two feet in length, having whiti(h ftripes on the back and fides t and brownini water li- zards. The former «re quite harmlefs. The infed iribc fi'cm robe much more numerous. Wc found here both iron and copper, but wc do not think either of them belong to this place. Wc did not fee the ores of any metals, except a coarfe red ochry fubftance, ufcd by the natives in Minting or flaining their faces and bodies ; they had alio a black and white pigment made ufe of for the fame purpofe. Exclu- fivc of the rock, which forms the (hores and moun- tains, we found among the natives fome things made of a hard black granite, not very compaCb, nor line grained I alfo a K>cyilh whetltonc: the common oil (tone ; and a black fort, little inferior to the hone ftonc. They had likewife pieces of rock chryftal. We could not obtain this from them without a very valuable re- turn. As to the natives, their perfons, in general, are under the common (laturc; ufually pretty plump, but not mufcular ; the forehead low; the eyes fmall, black, antl rather languilhing, than fparkling; the mouth round, with large, thick lips; the teeth tolerably equal and well fet. Their eye-brows are alfo fcanty, and always nar- row : but the hair of the head is in great abundance, very coarfe and ftrong; and, without a fingle exception, black, ftraight, and lank. Some have no beards; others only a thin one on the point of the chin; for they pluck it out elfewhere by the roots; and thofe who do not thus eradicate it, have not only confiderablc beards, on every part of the chin, but alfo whifkcrs, or mullachios, running from the upper lip to the lower jaw obliquely downward ; whence we may conclude, that it is a mif- takeri notion, though efpoufed by eminent writers, that American Indians have no beards. The limbs, in all of them, oi-c fmall in proportion to the other parts ; be- tides they are crooked and ill.formed, having projedl- ing ancles, and large feet, awkwardly (hapcd. Their colour could never be determined pofitively, as their bodies were incrufted with paint and dirt. The women arc nearly of the fame fizc with the men, from whom it is not eafy to diftinguifh them, as they polTefs no na- tural delicacies fuflicicnt to render their perfons agree, able. A certain famencfs charaflerizes both fcxcs; dulnefs, and want of exprcinon, being vifibly pour- trayed in every vifagc. In common, their drefs is a flaxen kind of mantle, ornamented with a narrow (Iripc of fur on the upper edge, and fringes at the lower one. Pairing under the left arm, it is tied by tatlels overth« right Ihouldcr. Sometimes they faften the mantle round the waift with a girdle of coarfe matting; over which is worn a fmall cloak of the fame fubftance, fringed at the bottom, and reaching to the waift. They wear a cap, in (hape of a flower-pot, made of very line matting, ornamented with a bunch of leathern tallcls, and having a firing palling under the chin, to prevent its blowing oft". Betides the above drefs, which is conuiion to both fexes, the men th.ow frequently over their other gar- ments the (kin of a bear, wolf, or fea-ottcr, with the hair outward, and tie it as a cloak, near the upper part, wearing it fometimes before, and fomctimcs behind. Was this drefs kept clean, it would by no means be in- elegant; but as they arc continually rubbing their bo- dies over with a red paint, mixed with oil, their gar- ments become greafy, and contract i rancid ofllnlivc fmell. The appearance, indeed, of thefe people is both wretched and filthy, and their hcdds and garments fwarm with lice. So loll are they to every idea of clean- lincfs, that we frequently faw them pickotl thele vermin, and eat them with thcgreateft compofuie. J'heir faces arc ornamented with a variety of colours ; a black, a brighter red, or a white colour : the lad of thele gives them a ghatUy appearance. Over the paint they llrcw the brown martial mica, which caufes it to glitter. Many of their cars arc perforated in the lobe, where tlicy make a large hole, and two fmaller ones higher up on the outer edge. In thefe holes are hung bits ot bone, quiUs fal\ened u|X)n a leather n thong, lliells, bu'.chcs of tdPels, or thin pieces of copper. In fome, the feptum of the nofe is alfo perforated, and a pieceofcord drawn through it. Others wear, at the fame place, pieces nf copper, brafs, or iron, lliapcd fomewhat like a horfe-lhoe, the narrow opening receiving the feptum, (o that it may be pinched gently by the two points, and thus the orna- ment hangs over the upper lip. Their biacclcis, which they wear about their wrifts, are bunches of white bugle beads, or thongs with talTels, or a black, broad, horny, (liining fubthncc. Round their ancles they wear Ire- quently leathern thongs, or the linews of animals cu» rioufly twifted. Betides thefe, their ordinary diclles, they have fome that are uftd only when goinj^ forth to war, and exhibiting thcmfclves 10 Ibangers in ctn nio- nial vilits. Among thefe are the (kins of bears or wolves, tied on like tlicir other garments, but edged wMh broad borders of fur, ornamented ingenioully with various figures. iSW v! ■:■ ';''-! 'IE ''II ; :'a.! ^ir^itffi^ ■ ill W'l It 54° Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. f: 'i ''fc*.,.*':»lMl figures. They are worn fcparattly, or over their com- mon cloat'.iing. The moft ufual head-drcrs, on thefe occafions, is a quantity of withe, vrappcd about the head, with large feathers, particularly thofe of eagles ftuck in it, or entirely cover d with, fmall white feathers. At the fame time the face is vurioully painted.the upper and lower parts being of oppofue colours, and the ttrokes having the appearance of large galhcs; or it is bcfmearcd with a kmd of fat or tallow, mixed with paint, formed into a great variety of figures, fomewhat like carved work. The hair, fomeiimcs, is d'parated into fmall parcels, and tied, at intervals, with thread: others tic it behind, after the Knglilh filliiort. li.us equipped, they have a truly lavage and riditulous ap- pearance, which is much heightened when they airunie their monlirous decorations. Thele confill ol a grc.it variety of wooden malks, applied to the face, lore- head, or upper part of the head. Some of the vifors refembic human laces, having hair, beaids, ni\d eye- brows 1 others rcprefent the heads of birds, and various animals, fuch as deer, porpoifes, wolvis, is:c. Sucii kind of rcprcfcntations exceed generally the natural fuc, and they arc frequently Urcwed with pieces ol the mica, which makes them glitter, and augments their deformity. In thtlc imaginary decorations, they fome- times run into greater ixcefs, and fix large pieces ot carved work upon the head, projeiiting to a conli,dcia- blc dillancc, and relembling the prow of a canoe. Whether thefe extravagant malqueraue ornaments are ufed on any religious otcalion, or in any kind of diver- lion, or whether they are mtimlcd to intinudate by their monftrous appearance, or as decoys when hunting ani- mals is uncertain. One ol the drelles leeitis peculiarly adapted to war: It is a Ibick tanned leathern mantle, double, and appears to be the Ikin of an elk, oi- biitlalo. This is faltentd on in the ordinary manner, and is fo ( ontrivcd as to cover the breall quite up to the throat ; pare of It, at the fame time, falling dovvn to their heels, 'i'hisgarmeiit is curioully painted, and is ftrong enough, as we underlhxjd liom them, ro refill even fpeais; fo that It may be conlidered as their complcicll defcnfivc armour. 'I'hough we cannot view thefe people without a kind of horror, wl-.en they arc thus llrangely appa- relled, yet when divciicd ot thefe extravagant drelRi, and beheld in their common habit, they feem to be of a quiet, phLgiiiitic difpolition, though deficient in vivacity, to render thcmlelves agreeable in focicty. They arc rather rcferved than loquacious j but their gravity fi-ciiis conlluutonal, and not the relult ol any particular mode o! education : for the orations made by them on public occalions, are lutle more than lliort fenrenccs, or only iingle words, forcibly repeated in one tone of voice, accompanied ^vith a finglegellure at every feiitencc. From iheir ollering human ikiills and bones to fale, there is not the Icalt rcafon to doubt ol their treating their enemies with a favagc cruelty ; but, as this circumllance rather marks a general agreement of character among almoil every unc.vilized tribe, in every age and country, they arc not to be reproached with .inv charge ot peculiar inhumanity. We had not anr reai'on to |udge unfavourably of their difpolition in ihis relpcit : they appear to be docile, courteous, and good-natured ; but, notwithllanding their phlegmatic temper, they are quick in refenting injuries ; yet, like ol! palfionatc people, they forget them quickly. It muft be admitted, that tliey arc not wholly unfufceptibleof the tender pallions, which is evident front their being tond of mutic, and that too of the pathetic kind. Iheir longs are generally llow and folemn. Sonnets were lung by Iingle performers, keeping time by llrik- iiig the hand againit the thigh. A rattle, and a fmall w liillle, are the only inftrumcnts of mufic which wc faw among them. The rattle is ufed when they ling ; but n]xin what occaiinnschewhillle is employed, we know not, unlcfs it be when they allumc the figures of parti- cular animah, and endeavour to imitate their howl or cry. VVc once faw one of thefe people drelFcd In the Ikin of a wolf, with the head covering his own, (trivin^ to imitate that animal, by making a fqucaking nolle with a whiille he had in his mouth. The rattiei arege- 2 nerally in th (hape of a bird, with fmall pebbles in the belly, and the tail is the handle. We obterved another fort, which rcfembles a child's rattle. In trafTicking with us, Tome of them difplayed a dir. pofition to knavery ; taking away our goods without making any return. But the inllanccs of this were rare and wc had abundant reafonto approve the integrity of their conduct. However, their eagernefs to polTefs iron brafs, or any kind of metal, was lb great, that wiiciian opportunity prefented itfelf, few of them could rclill the temptation to flea! it. The inhabitantsof the South. fea iflands in their petty larcenies weie actuated by a childilh difpolition, rather than a thievilli one. The iiovelty of the object excited their curiolity, and was a furticient inducement lor them tflget poflelli jn of it by any means: but the natives of Nootka, who made Irrc with our property, are entitled -o no fuch apology. The appellation ol thieves is certainly applicable to them- torthcy well knew that what they pi, leredlrom us would be fubfcrvient to the private pur(.'oles of utility ; anj ,[ w.is fortunate for us, that metals kverc the only artuici upon which they let any value; l>ut thelts'are very common among themfelves, piodiicmg continual, y quarrels, of which wc law fevtral mlta.iccs. 1 he two villages we vilitcd aie proba'ily theonlv in- habited parts ot the found. The number of iiih.ibii. ants may be computed Iroin ;hc canoes that viiitr,tiK,r fhips the fecond day alter our arrival. Tiiey toiiiutij of abouL a hundred, which upon an average, con. tamed, at leall, five perlons each; bui as ihcre wt.c very few women, children, or young men among ihc:n, wc may reafonably fuppofe, that the number of louu in the two villages, could not be Icfs than four times ihe number of our vilitors, being in the whole two thou. land. The village, lituated at the entrance ot the foi . d. Hands on the fide of a pretty fteep aficnt. ex- tending from the beach to the «ood. Ihere arc hob, or windows, in the (ides oi the lioulcs to look outat| having bits of mats hung betoic them, to prevent the rain getting in. Their houfes, in the inlide, may, with propriety, be compared to a long Knglilh llablewitha double range of llills, and a Iward palFa^e in the mid- dle; lor the dif}'erent families are (eparateJ on v hvj piece of plank. Clofe to the fides, in each ol'thoe parts, IS a bench of boards, raifcd five or lix icct higher than the rclt of the lloor, and covered with mats, whereon the family fit and fleep. Tliele binclici are commonly fevcn or eight feet long, and lour orhve broad. In the middle of the Hoor, between tli. m, ii the fire-place, which has neiihir hearth nor chi;n». This part ap|>earcd common to them all. I'le luiti- nefs and llench of their houl'es are ai I, iit eq lal u> the confufion within; for, as they dry the r Ii li ,v lim doors, they alfogut them there, which, wuh il,i i b.uci and fragments, thrown down ai me.ils,a d iicaJ liion of other forts of hlih, lie i:\\ry wh.re :ii li-a,s, aid arc, it (hould feem, never carried a«ay, till lie* become troublefomc, from their lize, to walk over them. Ina woid, their houfes arc as filthy as liog-Uiej; everything in and about them Ibnking ol filli, train oil .ml inioki:. Their furniture conlilts chicHy ot > ...elts and boxisof various fizes, piled upon each oi.ier, at the liJeior ends of each houfe, wherein tlicy di pofu i>'.\ their va- luables, fuch as fkins, garments, iiulks. is:c. Many of thefe boxes are painted black, and fhidded with ihe teeth of animal.s, or rudely decorate^^ uiiii ligures ol birds carved. To complete the Icene ol coiiluiion, in dilFerent parts of their habitations arc hung up inipk- ments of Hfhing, and other articles. Aiiiun^ tiicle wc may reckon their images, which are n >ihi:ig nwii than the trunks of laigc trees, of the heighi ot aliom four feet, placed at the upper end of the apartmin!, with a human face carved on the front, and me himl) and arms upon the fides. I'hefe figures are vanoully painted, and make, upon the whole, a ridiculous ap pearance. They arc called generally Klumma. A ion ofcurtain, made of mat, ufually hung before the images, which the native* were fometlmri unwilling to remote; and when they did confcnt to unveil them, they feemed to exprcfi themfelves in a very mjftcrious raanncrj and yet COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC' OCEAN, &c fich fmall pebbles in the We oblcrved another rattle. of themdifplayedadif. way our goods without illanccs ot this were rare approve tile integrity of L-agorncfs to pofiTcl's iron, IS lo great, that wiienan L'w of ihein could rclilt nhabitantsol the South. nics weie actuated byj n ;i thievidi one. The itir curioiity, and was a tfl get poflWlijn of it by NoDtka, whi) m.klc Ircc OIKifuch apDJogy. rii5 Illy applicable co them,- ■y piilcrcdiroin us would irpolcsoC utility i aiiJit U n\ re the only ariitla lue ; hut thelts are very piudiiciMg coiuinualy ral iiitla.iccs, IK- probai)ly the only in. I'hc iMiinbcr of mh.ibit- K (.anocsihat VMi(i-,i,,jr arrival. Tiicy toiiliitij upon an average, con. ach ; but as ihcrc *\:t oung men among ihcui, It the number ot lou.sin Icfs than four times ihe in the whole two thou. ar the entrance ot the pretty deep aficnt. ex. «ood. I'hcre arc holes, he liuulcs to look out at, ic them, to prevent the , in the inlide, may, wiih Jiig linglilh liable with a poard palFa^e in the mid. s are feparateJ on v bv i c (ides, in each oi thee raifcd live or lis icct Hoor, and covircj «iih md flcep. Tliele biiicliej eet long, and tour or hve floor, between lluin, ii hir hearth nor chiiiinev, them all. fiic lulli. 1 are n 1, iit c.pi.il to the :y dry the r Ii li >v hin , which, Willi ii.t I u,i;itj It mt.-.U,.! d lie ad liion ry wh.re ii lia,s, anj .■d away, till iicv iKCiinic :o walkover tlieiii. Ina a* liog.llu ,( every ihhig fiili, rrain nil and lin.kc. ly ot i.!u!ls and boxuof h otiier, at the lideior liey dc pofu ail tluir vj. s, nulks, iKc. Miny of c, and Ihiddcd with ihe .coratcit Willi lij(urc» ol ic Iccui: ol Ciiiiluiioii, in ions are hung up iniplc- articles. Aniunj^ iikIc which are n >ihi:ig iiwii , of the heigh', ol ahiiiK ■ end of the aparinunt, the front, and iiic hjiiJ) lefe figures are vanoully whole, a ridiculous J|> icrally Klumma. A lort hung before the images, irs unwilling to rciiiuic; invcil them, they feeined mjftcrious manner j and yet 541 yet they were held in no very extraordinary degree of eftimation, feeing, with a fmall quantity of brafs or iron, all the idols in the place might have been pur- chafed. Mr. Webber, when drawing a view of the infide of a houfc, wherein thofc figures were placed, ■>••, interrupted in his work by one ufthe inhabitants. IVir, Webber, thinking a bribe would have a proper cfTedh prelented to hint a inctaUbutton from his coat, which immediately operated as was inieiided : foon after he was again interrupted by the lime man, who held a mat betoie the figures : our gentleman thcretore gave him another button, and was again futf'ered to proceed. The man then renewed his former tricks, till Mr. Webber had parted with every fiiiglc button; alter which he received not any farther molcflation. As to the domeUic life of thefe people, the men feern to be chiefly employed in filliing and .illing animals, for the fuftenance ol their families, few of them being j„j,3gcd in any houfchold bufiiiefs ; but the women were employed in manufacturing their garments; and in cur- ing fardines, which they alfo carry from the canoes to their houfes. They alfo go in Imall c mocs, to gather itiufclcs, and other Ihell-filh. In the labour ol the pad- dle they are as dextrous as the men, wlio fhcw them very little rcfpcCt or attention on this, or any other oc- cafton. But the young men arc remarkably indolent, fitting geticrally about in fcattered companies, balking in the fun, or wallowing in tlie land upon the beatu, like fo many hogs, without any kind ol covering. Thisdifregard of decency was, however, confined fokly to the males ; for the females were always clo.ithed, and behaved with great propriety, meriting julUy commen- dation for a modell ballifulnefs, fo becoming that fex. In the women of this place, it is the more meritorious, as the men have not the leafl fenle of ihame. Buih fcxes pafs much of their time in their canoes, cfpeci- ally in the fummer ; in which they eat, lleep, and fre- quently lie to balk thcmfelves in the fun j for thefe pur- pofes they arc fulKciently fpacipus, and arc, in rainy weather, more comfortable habitations than their lilthy houlcs. Though their food, Qridly fpcaking, may be faid to confirt of evei y thing animal or vegetable that they can procure, yet the quantity of the latter bears an exceed- ing Imall proportion to that of the former. Their gr;atell reliance for food is upon the lea, as affording fini.mufcles.lmallerllicll-fini.andfea-animals. Amimg the firll arc herrings, fardines, two fpecie.s of bream, anti foine fmall cod. The herrings and fardines not only ferve to be eaten frelh in their fcafon, but to be dried and fmoakcd as ftores. The rocs of thefe alio, flrewed upon the branches of the Canadian pine, or prepared upon a long fca grafs, afiord them another grand rcfource for food. 1 hey alfo eat the roe of Ibme other large fifh, that has a very rancid Imell and talte. The large mufcles are found in great abundance in the found. After having roafted them in their lliells, they are lluck upon long wooden fkewcrs, and taken off as they arc wanted to be eaten. They require no other preparation, though they are fumetimes dipped in oil, asfauce. The porpoife it a food more common among them, than that of any other animal in their lea ; the flclh and rind of which they cut into large pieces, dry them as they doherrincs, and eat them without farther prepaiation. They alio make a fort of broth from the purpoife, when frefh, ina very lingular manner. They put foinc pieces of it into a wooden velFel, containing a fuflicicnt quantity of water, into which they throw heated Hones. This operation is repeated till the con- tents are fuppofed to be Itcwcd enough. This is a common dilh among them, and fecms to be a llrong nourilliing food. They likcwife feed probably upon uhales, fcals, and fea-ottcrs, the Ikins ot the two latter being common among them, and they are furnilhcd with implements of all forts for their dcllru^ioi^, though perhaps they may not be able, at all feafona, to cMch them in great plenty. However, from thefe, and other fea-animals, they procure oil in great abundance, which they ufe, mixed with other food, as faucc i and often fip it alone with a kind of horn-fcoop. Their No. 66. frefh (kins, at this time, were very fcarce ; as were the land animals ; for we faw no flclh belonging to thr latter; and, though their (kins were to be had in plenty, they might, perhaps, have been procured from other tribes. From thefe and other circumftances, it plainly ap- peared to us, that thefe people are furnifhed with the principal part of their animal food by the fea ; if wc except a few gulls, and fomc other birds, which they fhoot with their arrows. Their only winter vegetables feem to be the Canadian pinc-branchcs, and fea-grafs; but, as the fpring advances, they ufe others as they come in feafon. The moft common of thefe were two forts of roots, of a mild fweetifh taftc, which are eaten raw; as is alio a fmall, fweetifh root, about the thicknefi- of farfaparilla. As the feafon advances, they have doubr- lefs many others which wc did not fee : for, though there is not the lealt appearance of cultivation among them, there are plenty of elder, goofeberry, and cur- rant bullies. Oncof the conditions, however, which they feem to require in all their '"ood, is, that it fhouli be of the lefs acrid kind : for they would not touch the leek or garlic, though they foid us great qiMntities of It, when they underllood it was what we liked. T hey feemed not to relifh any of our food, and rejcdted our fpirituous liquors as dilgufling and unnatural. It is their ordinary pradice to roalt or broil their food ; for they are abfblute llrangers to our method of builini>, as appears from their manner of preparing porpoife hrntli; befides, as they have only wooJcn vcflels, it is impoin- ble for them to perform fiich an operation. Their iiim- ner of eating corrcfponds with the nallincl's of their houles and perfons; for the platters and troughs, out of which they cat their victuals, feem never to tiave been walhcd lince their original formation; the dirty remains of a former meal, being only fwept away by a fucceed- ing one. b.very thing foliil .nnd tough, they tear to pieces witii thcii hands and teeth j for though their knives arc employed lu cutting olt the larger portions, they have not yet endeavoured to rcduv.e tht;!e to iiiouth- fuls by the fame means, though more eie.uily and con- venient. But they do not polFefs even an idea of clean* liticfs, and cat conftantly the roo:s winch are dug out of the ground, without attempting to Ihake off the foil that adheres to them. Whether they have any fet time for their meals wcnevercould find out. having fcentliciii eat at all hours in their canoes. But having obf'ervcd feveral mefles of porpoife broth preparing about noon, when wc went to the village, they may probably make a principal meal about that time. Thefe people have bows, and arrows, fpears, flings, fliort truncheons made of bone, and a Ismail pick-axe, Ibmcwhat rcfembling the common American toma- hawk. Some of the arrows are pointed with iron, and others with indented bone: the Ipcar has ulually u long point made of bone. The tomahawk is a flone of the length of feven or eight inches, one end terminat- ing in a point, and the other fixed in a wooden handle. This is intended to refemblc the head and neck of a hu- man figure ; the ftone being fixed in the mouth fb as to reprefcnt a tongue of a great magnitude. To heighten the refemblance, human hair is alfo fixed to it. This weapon is called taaweelh; and they have another made ofllone, which they call fceaik, about ten or twelve inches long, having a fquarc point. Irom the number of their weapons it may be reafbnably concluded, that they engage frequently in clofe combat ; and we had very dilagrccable proofs of their wars being both frequent and bloody, from the quantity uf human IkuUs that were otTered to us for fale. With refpcd to the delign and execution of their manufadures, and mechanic arts, they are more exten- fivcand ingenious than could pofTibly be expedcd from the natural difpofition of the people, and the little progrcfs they have made incivilization, Thcflaxen and woollen garments engage their firit care, as being the mod material of thole that may be dafled under the head of manufaiflures. The. former are fabricated from the bark of the pine-tree, beat into a mals releiu- bling hemp. After having been prepared in a proper manner, it is fpread upon a Hick, fancncd to two 6 X ,^^ others -unj mM h mmm i . i!» " ili- v.i'A >.■'!' If :fc! -J 543 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. t'r. others in an crcd polition. The manuradlurcr, who fits on her hams at ihis liinplc machine, knots it acrofs, at the dilbncc of about half an inch from each other, with fmall pl:iited threads. Though it cannot, by this method, be rendered fo clofc and firm as cloth that is woven, it is lulliiicntly impervious to the air, and is likcwifc fofter and more pliable. Their woollen gar- ments have much the appearance of woven cloth ; but the fuppolltion of their being wrought in a loom is dcftroyed. by the various figures that are ingenioufly infcrted in them ; it being very improbable that thcfe people Ihould be able to proilucc fuch a complex work, except immediately by their hands. They arc of dif- ferent qualities: fomc rcfembling our coarfcll fort of blankets; and others not much inferior to our finert fort, and ciriainly both fofter and warmer. The wool ol which they arc manufactured, fecms to be procured from dirtercnt animals, particularly the fox and brown lynx. I ha from the lynx i« the fineft, and nearly rc- ftmbles our coarfer wools in colour; but the hair, which alio gro«s upon the animal, being intermixed with it, taufes the appearance to be fomewhat dittcrent when wroujiht. The ornamental figures in thcfe garments arc difpofed with great tafte, and are generally of a dif- ferent colour, being ufually dyed either of a deep brown, or a yellow ; the latter of which, when new, equals in briuhtncfs, the mofl vivid in our bcft carpets. Their tarte for carving on all their wooden articles, corui'ponds with that of working figures upon their garments. Nothing is to be fecn without a kind of free/.e-work, or a reprefentation of fomc animal upon it ; but the moft common one is that of the human face. The general delign of thefe figures conveys a fufTicicnt knowledge ol t' objects they are intended to repierciit ; and in rhe ex ^.iiion of many of the malks and heads, they prove thcmfelvcs to be ingenious fculp- tors. They prcfervc, with the grcateH cxadncfs, the general character of their own faces, and finifh the more minute parts with great accuracy and ncatncfs. That thelc people have a fondnefs for works of this fort is olifcr'able i a variety of particulars. Keprcfentatiotts ot huiiun lij;urcs,birds, bcalls,fi(h, and modelsot houfc- hold utcnlils, were found among them in a very great abund.ince. To their Ikill in the imitative arts, we may add their drawing them in colours. The whole proc cfs of their whalc-filhcry has been reprcfentcd, in this manner, on the caps iluy wear. The execution was indeed ruile, but hereby we were convinced, that, though they have not the knowledge of letters among them, they have a notion of teprefenting anions in a latling way, cxclulive of recording them in their fongs and traditions. The llrudure of their canoes is fimple, yet they arc well calculated lor every ufeful purpofc. The largell fort, which in each one will contain upwards of twenty people, are (ormcd of a lingle tree. The length of many of ihem is 40 feet, the breadth 7, and the depth ,^. They become gradually narrower from the middle towards the end, the ttern ending, perpendicularly, with a knob at the top. The fore-part Itretches for- wards and upwards, and ends in a point, or prow, much higher than the fides of the canoe, which arc nearly flraight. 1'he greatefl part of them are without any ornament; but fome havea littlccarving, andareftuddcd with feals teeth on the furfacc. They have neither feats, nor any other lupportcrs, on the infide, except fome fmall round flicks, about the fize of a walking cane, placed acrofs, about half the depth of a canoe. They arc very light, and, on accotintoftheir breadth and f1atncfs,fwim firmly, without an out>rigger, of which they arc all def- titute. Their paddles, which are fmall and light, re- fcmble a fmall leaf in fhape, being pointed at tjie bot- tom, broad in the middle, and gradually becoming nar- rower in the fhaft ; the whole length being above five feet. By conftant praiflice, they have acquired great dexterity in the management of thcfe paddles { but they never make ufc of any fails. In their employment of fidiing and hunting, their in- flrumcnts arc ingenioufly contrived, and completely made. They cunfifi: of nets, hooks, lines, harpoons, gigs, and an inftrumcnt rcfembling an car. I1ie ladji about 20 feet in length, four or five inches in breadth, and of the thickncls of half an inch. The edges for about two thirds of its length, arc fet with (harp bone. teeth 1 the other third ferving for a handle. With this inlhument they (Irike herrings, fardines, and other fift as come in flioals, which arc taken either upon or in the teeth. Their hooks, made of bone and wood, dif. play no great ingenuity ; but the harpoon, ufed inftrik. ing whales, and other fea animals, manifefb evident contrivance. It confifts of a piece of bone, formed into barbs, in which the oval blade of a large mufdc (hell, and the point of the i/iOrument arc fixed. Two or three fathoms of rope is fafiencd ; to one end of which the harpoon is fixed fo as to leave the (halt float. ing, as a buoy upon the water, when the animal n llruck. As to their manner of catching land animals, or killing them, we are itrangen; but, it is probable that they Ihoot the fmaller forts with their arrows, and en- counter bears, wolves, and foxes, with their fpean. Sometimes they decoy them, by covering themlclva with their fkins, and running upon all fours, at which fport they are remarkable nimble. For the fame pur, poles the maflts, or carved heads, as well as the dritj heads of difierent animals, arc ufed. Every particular of the rope kind, which thty ufe in making their various articles, is formed cither from thongs of (kini, and finews of animals, or from the flaxen fubfhnce, of which they manufacture thiir mantles. The fincws were fomctimes fo remarkahlf long, that it was hardly polTible they could have belonged to any other animal than the whale. The adiliancc they receive from iron tools contributes to their dex- terity in wooden performances. Their implement] an almofl wholly made of iron. One chifTcl indeed wc faw made of bone. This confilh of a flat long piece, laltened into a wooden handle, A fione is their mallet, and a bit of filh-lkin their polifher. Some of thelc chifTels were nine or ten inches in length, and thrccor four in breadth ; but they were, in general, cunfidciably fmaller. The chilFcl and the knife arc the princijul forms that iron afTumei among them. Some of their knives arc very large, having crooked blades; the edge being on the back, or convex part. They art fharpened upon a coarfe flate whetflone, and kept con- tinually bright. What we faw among them, wcieabour the breadth andihicknefsofan iron hoop; and thciriin. gular form plainly proves, that they are not ot 1 uro- pean make. Iron is called by the natives fcekemailo,! name which they alfo give to tin, and other white me- tals. It being fo common among thcfe people, ue uae anxious to difcover how it couldifte conveyed toihcm. On our arrival in the found, we perceived that ihcy had a knowledge of trafhc, and an inclination tu purine it; and wc were afterwards convinced, that they had not acquired this knowledge from a curfory interview wiih llrangers) but with whom they carried on thisirall'.cue coulcl not learn; for though we faw fcveral articlesol European manufacture, fuch as brafsand iron, yet 11 does not follow, that they were received from European nations. Wc could not obtain the leafl information of their having fcen (hips, like ours, before, nor of their having been engagetl in commerce with fuch cnihzrJ people. Many circumftances corroborate to prove this beyond doubt. On our arrival, they were earncil in their enquiries, whether we meant to fettle aiiioiij; them, and whether we were friendly vifitors, inlorming us, at the fame time, that they gave us wood and »aici from motives of friendfhip. This proves fullicicmli'i that they confidered thcmfelvcs as proprietors of ih<: place, and dreaded no fupcriority : for it would have been an unnatural enquiry, if any (hips had been here before, and had fupplied thcmfelvcs with wood and water, and then departed ; for they might then reafon- ably cxpcdl that we (hould do the lame. It mult be ad- mitted, indeed, that they exhibited no marks of lur- prize at beholding our (hips ; but this may, with gruj propriety, be attributed to their natural indolence of temper, and their wanting a thirll of curiofity. I^cy »er{ COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c 543 ingancar. The lad j] five inches in breadth, inch. The edgci foi' TC fet with fharp bone. r a handle. Withthij fardincs, and other tilh ikcn either upon or in of bone and wood, dif. harpoon, ufedinftrik- lals, manifcfb evident piece of bone, formed lade of a large mufdc rument arc fixed. Two flencd ; to one end of s to leave the ftialt floit. er, when the animal a ching land animals, or but, it is probable thit th their arrows, anJcn. jxes, with their fpears. by covering themlclvtj upon all fours, at which ble. For the fame pur- ads, as well as the dried c ufcd. rope kind, which thty irticlcs, is formed cither cws of animals, or from h they manufacture their :)mc times fo remarkably ; they could have belonged e whale. The allillance :ontributes to their dex. rs. Their implements an One chiflcl indeed we mfilh of a Hat long piece, :. A Hone is their mallet, polifher. Some of thele )es in length, and threcor re, in general, conliderably e knite arc the prmcijul ing them. Some of their ing crooked blades; the ■ convex part. They arc e whetftonc, and kcpicon- bv among them, wcic about inirunhoop; and ihciriin. hat they are not of l-uro- y the natives fcckemiilc,i tin, and other white me- long thcfc people, «c were ;oul(ll)c conveyed toihtin. we perceived that they had m inclination topurlucit; vinccJ, that they had not in a curfory mtcrvicw w;ih cy carried on this trafficnc 1 wc faw fcveral article) ot h as brafsand iron, yeti: :rc received from European ain the leafl information of : ours, before, norofihfir nmercc with fuch civihd ces corroborate to prove r arrival, they were earrell wc meant to fettle anion); friendly vifitors, inlorminj; ley gave us wotxJ and watci This proves fulliciently, Ivcs as proprietors of ii>i riority : for it would have if any Ihips had been here hcmfelves with wood and for they might then rcafon- lo the fame. It muftbcaJ- xhibitcd no marks of In-'- I } but this may, with gf"| their natural indolence of ithirnofcuriolity. The)' »ere were never flartled at the report of a mufquet, till they, one day, fliewed us t^at their hide dreflTes were impene- trable to their fpears and arrows, when one of our peo- ple fliot a mufquet ball through one of them that had been fix times folded. Their aftonifhment at this plainly indicated their ignorance of the etfe^ of fire arms. This was afterwards very frequently confirmed, when we ufcd to Ihoot birds, at which they appeared greatly confounded. Our explanation of the piece, to- gether with the nature of its operation, with the aid of Ihot and ball, ftruck them fo forcibly, as to convince us of their having no previous ideas on this matter. Though fomc account of a voyage to this coaft, by the Spaniards, in 1774, or 1775, had arrived in England bctorc we failed, the circumftances jud mentioned, prove, that thefc rtiips had never been at Nootka. It IS alio evident, that iron could not have been in fo many hands, nor would the ufe of it have been fo well known, if they had fo lately obtained the firft knowledge of it. From their general ufe of this metal, it probably comes from fomc conftant fource, inthe way of traffic, and they have perhaps been longfuppliedwithit; for thcyufethcir tools with as much dexterity as the longed pradice can acquire. The moft natural conjcdure, therefore, is, that they trade for their iron with other Indian tribes, who may have fomc communication with Kumpcan fettlements upon that continent, or receive it through fevcral intermediate nations. By the fame means they probably obtain their brafa and copper. Not only the rude materials, but fomc manufactured articles feem to have found their way hither. The brafs ornaments for nofcsare made in fo maderly a manner, that the Indians cannot be fuppofed capable of fabricating them. We arc certain, that the materials are European, as all the American tribes arc ignorant of the method of making brafs; but copper has been frequently met with, ami, from its dudility, might be ealily talhioncd into any ihape, and polilhed. If fuch articles arc not ufed by our traders to Hudfon's Bay and Canada, in their traflic with the natives, they mull have been introduced at Niiotka from Mexico ; whence, it is probable, the two lilvcr table fpoons were originally de.-ivcd. WithrefpcC^ tothc religious and political inflitutions eftablilhcd ainon>; thefe people, we cannot be fuppofed to have acquired much knowledge. However, wc dif- covcred, that there were fuch men as chiefs, diltinguilhed bythetiilcof Acweek, to whom the others arc, in fome degree, fiibordinate. But the authority of each of thefc great men fccms to extend no farther than to his own family,who acknowledge him as their head. Nothing that we law could give us an inlight into their notions of religion, except the figures already mentioned, called klumma. Thefe, perhaps, were idols ; but as the word acweek was frequently mentioned when they fpokc of them, we fuppofe they may be the images of fome of their anccUors, whofe memories they venerate. This however is all conjeilture j for wc could receive no in- formation concerning them, as we knew little more of their language than to enable us to afk the names of things, and being incapable of holding any converfation with the natives relative to their traditions, or their re- ligious inflitutions. The word wakalh was frequently in their mouths. It feemed to exprefs approbation, ap- plaufe and friendfhip. Whenever they appeareed to be picafcd or fatisfied, they would call out wakalht wakafhl It is worthy of remark, that as thefc people differ from the natives of the idands in the Pacific Ocean, in their pcrfons, cuftoms, and language, wc cannot fuppofe their refpedive progenitors to have belonged to the fame tribe, when they emigrated into thofe places where wc now find their defcendants. Their language is, by no means, harfh or difagrec- able, farther than their pronouncing the k and h with a ftronger afpiration, or more force than we do. They have one found, which is very frequent, and not ufcd by us. It is formed in a particular manner by clalhing the tongue partly againft the roof of the mouth. It is ditficult to rcprcfcnt this found by any compofition of our letters, unlefs from IfzthI j which is generally ufed as a termination. The next ii compolcd of tl ; and many words end with z and fa. A fpccimcn or two of each of thefe is here put down. Opulfzthl - - Onulfyhl - - - The SiiH The Moon Kahlh etl - - Dead Teefhel :ctl - - To thrtrv a ftottf Koomiiz - - - A human Jkitll Quahmifs - - - ¥ijb roe Numerals. Tfawack - - - One Akkla - - - . 'hvo Katlitfa - - - - Three Mo, or Moo - - Four Sochah - - - - Five Nofpo - - Atflepoo - Atlaquolthl Tfawaquulth - - Six - - Seven - - Eight - - Nine Haceoo - - - - Ten With rcfpecl to the comprtfition of their language we can fay very little, having been fcarcely able to dif- tinguilli the fcveral parts of fpeech. We can only in- fer from their manner of (peaking, which is very (low and diiliniii, that it has very few prcpofitions or con- junftions ; and, as far as we could difcover, is dcllitutc of even a finglc interjection, to exprefs admiration or furprize. From having few conjuniltions, it may be conceived, that each fingle word, with them, will com- prehend a great number of finglc ideas ; which fccms to be the cafe ; but, for the fame rcaf^in, the I-igiiagc will Iwdcfedtive in other refpects, not having words to difiinguidi or exprefs diticrences which really exift ; and hence not fufliciently copious. This was obfcrved to be the cafe, in many inllanccs, particularly with rc- fpcct to the names of animals. The relation or atfinity It may bear to other languages, either on '.his, or the Afiatic continent, wc have not been able fufliciently to trace, for want of proper fpecimcns .0 compare it with, except thofe of the Efquimaux, and Indians about Hudfon's Bay ; to neither of which it has the lead rc- femblance. On the other hand, from the few Mexican words we have been able to procure, there is the mod obvious agreement in the terminations of words. in Nootka Sound it is high water, in the days of the new and full moon, at twenty minutes after twelve : the perpendicular rife and fall being eight feet, nine inches ; which is to be underdood of the day tides, and thofe which happen two or three days after the full and new moon. The night tides, ar this time, rifeneartwo feet higher. Some circuinflances that occurred daily, relating to this, defcrve particular notice. In the cove where we got wood and water, was a great dc il of drift- wood cad afliore, a part of which we had to remove, to come at the water. Now it frequently happened, that large pieces of trees, that we had removed in>■ 'Hi' J Ii': I 544 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. pot the tacks on board, and made all the fail we could to the S. W. It fortunately happened, that the wind veered no farther towirds the S. and S. E. fo that early the next morning we were entirely clear of the coaft. The Difcovery being at fome dillance aftcrn, we brought to till (he came up, and (hen both velTels fleered a north-weftcrly courfc. Between one and two o'closk P. M. there was a pcrfed hurricane, infomuch that our commodore thought it exceeding dangerous to run any longer before it; we therefore, agreeable to his order, brought the ftiips to, with their heads to the fouth. In this fituaiionour (hip, the Refolution, fprung a leak in her rtarboard quarter, which at (irft alarmed us greatlv : but after the water was baled out, which kept us employed till midnight, ve kept it under by ineans of the pump. In the evening, the wind having fliitttd to the fouthward, its fury in fome meafure abated ; upon which uc llrctchcd to the weft ; but about eleven, the g'c again increafed, and continued till five the next morning, when the ftorm feemed to have fpcnt its force, and became moderate. The weather now clearing up, we were able to fee feveral leagues around us, and fteercd more to the north. At noon we (leered N. W. by N. with a fre(h gale and fair weather. But towards the evening, the wind again blew hard, witli fqualls and rain. With this weather we continued the fame courfe t II the 30th, when we Peered N. by W, intending to make the land. Captain Cook regretted that we could oot do it fooner, as we were now pafTing the fpot where the pretended ftrait of Admiral de Fome has been placed by geographers. Though the captain gave no credit to fuch vague and improbable ftories, he was defirous of keeping the coaft of America aboard, that this point might be cleared up beyond difpute: bur, at the fame time he confidered, that it would have been very imprudent to have engaged with the JanJ while the weather was fo tcmpeftuous, or to have loft the advantage of a fair wind, by waiting for lefs ftormy weather. This day, at noon, by obfervation, we found our latitude to be ^3 drg. 22 min. north, and our Ion. gitude 22 j deg. 14 min. eaft. C H A P. XI. Progrefs of the Rrfutiition and Di/cmery ahn^ the norlb-Uf/l coajl of America— Tlffy ancborntar Qipe H'lnd.^.'r^^k— Bi-hitz'ioitr of the nalives — Progrefi up the Sound, and departure from thence — Mtntague ijlaHd—Iiibalntanls of Pi.na It 'illiam's Sound dtfcritrd-^Thetx-o /bipi proceed along the coaft — Several capes named — Ciok's river difcovend—brj. tenant King takes poffi-Jfion of the country — Hn reception iy the natives — Departure of the Jbtps from Conk's river Piiji St. Hermof^ems, and feveral Capes and i/laiids — ConjeUures concerning a Kiijjian letter brought on board lieadern fide of which are fevcrai coves ; and in the middle are placed fome rocky iflandt. To thefe Mr. Gore Was difpatched in a boat, in order to (hoot fome birds. He had fcarcely reached them, when about twenty natives appeared in two large canoes ; upon which he returned to the (hip, and they followed him. They were utrwilling, however, to ven- ture along-fide, but kept at a little didance, (houting aloud, and clafping and extending their arms alter- nately. They then began a fong, much after the manner of King George's, or Nootka Sound. Their heads were drcwcd with feathers, and oncof them held out a white garment, which wc fuppofed was intended as a token ol friend (hi Pi while another, for near a quarter of an hour, Hood up in the canoe, entirely naked, with his arms extended like a crofs, and niotionlefs. Iheir canoes were conftrudedupon adiffcrenr pl.mfrom thofe of Nootka. The frame confided of different laths, and the outfide was formed of the fkins of fcals, or other animals of a ftmilar kind. Though fome of our people repeated the mod common words of the language of Nootka, they did not appear to undcrdand them. After they had received fome prcfents that were thrown to them, they retired towards the Ihore, intimating by figns, that they would pay us another vifit the next morning. Two of them came off to us in the night, in a fmall canoe, hoping, perhaps, they might fitim the fecond range of mountains by low land; fo ihat the cape, at a didance, has the appearance of an ifland. A bay is featcd on the north fide of Cape Suckling, feemingly extenfive, and dieltercd from mod winds* Before night, we had approached near enough thccape to fee fome low land projecting from it to the 14. W. wc rifo obferved fume fmall iflands in the bay, JvJ fevcrai elevated rocks between the cape and the north-eaflcrn extremity of the ifland. Early the next morning the wind diiftcd Iroin N. E. toN. which being uaind us, the CommcKlore rclinquiflied hit defign of ming into the bay, and bore up for the wed end of the ^ana. Having a calm about ten o'clock, wc embarked in a boat, and lancLd on the ifland, with a view of fee- ing what lay on the other fide 1 but finding the hills to be at a greater didance than was expcdcd, we laid afide that intention. On a finall eminence near the (hore, the captain left, at the foot of a tree, a bottle contain- in2 a paper, on which the names of our (hips, and the date of our difcovcry were defcribed : hc inclofcd alfo two filver twopenny pieces of Englilh coin, which, with nuny others, had been furnilhed him by Dr. K lye, now dean 9f Lincoln ; and in tedimony of his eiteein for that gentleman. Captain Cook called the ifland Kave's Ifland. It docs not exceed 36 miles in length, and its bicidth is not above four miles in any part. The S. W. pui'it is a naked rock, elevated confiderably. In lat. is f^drg. 49 niin. north, long. 216 deg. 58 min. cad. Towards the fca, the ifland terminates in bare floping diffsi with a beach confiding of laigc pebbles, inter- mixed in fome places with a clayey fand. Some parts of the (hore are interrupted by fmall valleys and gullies, in each of which a rivulet or torrent rudicsdown with a confidcrable degree of impctuofity 1 lading perhaps no longer than the whole of the fnow is diffulvcd. The valleys are filled with pine-trees 1 and thefe, indeed, abound in other parts of the ifland, which is covered as it were with a broad girdle of wood. ITie trees, how- ever, are far from being of an extraordinary growth : on which account, they would be of no great fervice for (hipping, except as materials for making top-gallant- mails, and other fmall things. Neither Canadian, nor Cyprefs pines, are to be feen among them, but we law fame currant, and hawberry bulhes. a yellow flowered violet, and the leaves of other plants not yet in flower. A crow was feen Hying about the wood i two or three white-headed eagles, like thofc of Nootka, were alio obferved ; befidcs another fpccics, equally Urge, which has a white bread. In our palfage troin the diip to the (hore, we faw a number of fowls fitting on the water, or flying about 1 the principal of which were gulls, burres, (hags, ducks, or large petrels, divers, and qucbrantahueffcs. There was alio a fingic bird flying about, apparently of the gull kind, whole colour was a Inowy white, with fome black along part of the upper fides of its wings. We faw one fox near a wood ; alfo t AO or three finall fcals were feen on the (hore ; but not any traces of inhabitants could be found. In the afternoon Captain Cook, with thofe who ac- companied him, returned on board ; after whicii we fct (ail, and, with a light breeze from the ead, wc (leered for the fouth-weft fide of the ifland, which wc got round by eight o'clock in the evening! we flood for the wederninod land, now in fight. At the north-ead cndof Kaye's Ifland dands another, extending N. W. and S. K. about nine miles, to within the fame didance of the north-wedern boundary, to which the name of (Comptroller's Bay was given. The next morning, be- ing Tuefdav the 1 zih, Kaye's Ifland was dill in light, bearing E. by S. At noon, when in lat. 61 deg. 1 1 min. the eallern point of a fpacious inlet bore wcd-north- wcll, three leagues didant. From Comptroller's Bay to this point, which the Commodore named Cape Hinchinbrook, the diredlion of the coaft is nearly E. and W. Beyond this it appeared to incline towards thelouth ; a direction very different from that marked out in the modern charts, founded on the late difcove- nes of the Ruflians 1 infomuch, that wc had fome reafon to expedl, that wc fliould find, through the inlet before us, a palTigc to the N. and that the land to No. 67. each have an opportunity of pilfering; for they went away as foon as they perceived themfelves difcovcred. The wind, during the night, blew hard in fqualls, with rain, and thick hazy weather. On Wcdnelday the 13th, at ten o'clock, A. M. the wind becoming more m.idcrate, we got up our anchors, and made fail, in order to fearch for fome convenient place where we might dop the leak, as our prefcnc muation was too much cxpofcd for that purpole. We at fird intended to have gone up the bay be(are which our fliips had anchored ; but, by the cfearncfs of the weather, we were afterwards induced to deer towards the north, further up the great inlet. Having paffed the N. W. point of the above-mentioned bay, we found that the coad, on that fide, inclined to the cadward : we did not follow it, but proceeded on our courfe to the northward, for a point of land which we obferved in that direction. In the afternoon, before two o'clock, the foul weather returned, with fo thick a fog, that we could difcern noother land butthe point jud mentioned, off which we arrived between four and five o'clock, and found it to be a little ifland, fituate at the didance of about two miles from the neighbouring coad, being a point of land on the cadern (idc of which wc difcoverrd an excellent bay, or rather harbour: to this we plied up, while the wind blew in very hard fqualls, accom- panied with rain. In pafling the ifland, we found a muddy bottom, at the depth of twenty- fix fathoms. At length, about eight o'clock, we were obliged, by the violence of the quails, to cad anchor in thirteen fathoms water, before ^c had proceeded fo far into the bay as the Commodore intended; but we thought ourfelves fortunate enough in having the fliips already fccured, for the night was exceeding tempcftuous. But, notwithftanding the weather was foturbulent, the natives were not deterred from paying ys a vilit. Three of 6 Y them I ;.',; f''?!liA|| m 1^'::'>M* Mi •''';■.§■■ '1 ilki Bii'iK- f: 'r-\ f if nil S4fi Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. * them came off in two canoes: two of them in one, and one in the other, being the number that each canoe coulJ carry, for they were conftrufled nearly in the fimc mannerwith thofeof the Efquimaux, except that in one of them were two holes for two pcrfons to fit in, and in the other but one. The men had each a ftick, aboiu three fict long, with the Urge feathers, or wings of birds, fallcned to it, which they probably held up to us as tokens of peace. The treatment thcle three received, induced many others to vilit us, between one and two o'l lock the following morning, in both great and fmall canoes. Some of them ventured on board the Rifolution, though not before fomc of our people had Hepped into their boats. Among thofc who came on board, was a middle-aged man, who, as we after- waids found, was a chief. His drefs was made of the i\\n of the fea-otter, and he had on his head fuch a ap as is worn by the inhabitants of Nootka, embcl- lilhed with fky-bluc glafs beads. Any kind of beads fecmcd to be in high eftimation among thefc people, Nvho readily tjavc m exchange for them whatever they hid, even their fine feaK)tter fkins. They coveted par- ticularly iron, but abfolutely rejedcd fmall bits, and rc()uired pieces nine or ten inches long at Icaft, and three or four fingers broad. But they obtained litilo of this commodity from us, as by this time it was become raihcr fcarce. The points of fome of thtir fpears were of this metal; others were of copper, and a few were lionc i of which iaft the points of their arrows, dans, &:c. were formed. The chief could not be prevailed upon to venture beloW- the upper deck, nor did he and his lomp.inions continue lonj; aboard. While they ftaid with us, it was necelFary to watch them narrowly, as they foon manifefted an inclination for thieving. At length, when they had bicn three or four hours along- fide the Rclblution, they all quitted her, and npnired to the Dillovery, whicli fhip none of thctii had before been aboard of, except one man, who came from her at this very time, and immediately returned to her, in company with the others. As foon as they had de- parted from our fliip, Captain Cook difpntchid a boat to found the head of the bay j for, as the wind was m.nlerare at prefent, it wis intended to l;iy the fliip alhore, if a prcper place could be (bund for tiie proccfs of floppinj; the leak. Soon afterwards all the Americans t]uitted the DiTtovery, and made their way towards our but ih.it ui'i employed in founding. The ofTicer who was in her, o'.ifcrvinj; their appmach, returned to the fliij), and all the canoes followed hiin. The crew of the boat had no fooner repaired on board, leaving in her by way of Ru-ird two of their numbers, than fevcral cif tiic luti^'e? fteppcd into her, fomc of whom pre- ftiued their fpcars before the two men, while others loofed the rope by which fhc was fattened to the (hip, and the reft were lb daring as to attempt to tow her away ; but the moment they law we were preparing to oppofc them, they let her go. ftepped into their own boats, and inaJc figns, in order to perluadc us to lay down our arms, being to all appearance perfeiffly un- concerned. This attempt, though a very bold one, was fcsircc equal to what they hid meditated on board Caption Clcike's fhip. The man, whom we men- tioncd before as having conduced his countrymen from the Uefolution to the Difcovery, had firft been aboard of ihe li'ttrj where, iookinj^down all the hatchways, a h1 o'olervinp no one, except the officer of the watch, and tvo or ihtee more, he doubtlefs imagined that fhe might be plundered with eafe, particularly as flic was flaiKined at fome diftance from the Kcfolution. It was unqueftionahiywith this intent, that the natives went off to her. Several of them repaired aboard without the leafV ccrenury, and drawing their knives, made fi;;ns to theodi' '.r to keep off, and began to fearch for plunder. The firft thing chey laid their hands on was the rudder of or.cof our boats, which they immediately threw overboard to thofe of their party, who continued in the canoes. Uut before they could find another objcd that ttruck their fancy, the (hip's crew were alarmed, and many of them, armed with cutlaffes, cwnc upon deck. The plunderers no fooner faw this, than they all fncakcd off into their canoes, with evident marks of indifference. It was at this time that our boat was employed in founding, as we have already iufn. tionedi and the natives, without delay, proceeded to! wards her, after the difappointmcnt they had mrtwiii, at the Difcovery. Their vifiting us (o early in thj morning was undoubtedly with a view of plundcrinu on a fiipDofition that they (Itould find all our people aflecp. We were now on the point of weighing anchor in order to proceed further up the bay, when the wind began to blow as violently as before, and was attended with rain, infomuch that we were obliged to bearj»a. the cable again, and lie faff. In the evening, pcrcci/. ing the gale of wind did not abate, and thinking ii might be fome time before an opportunity of gntin, higher up prcfcnted itfelf, the Commodore was deter. mined to heel the (hi() in our prefent ffation j and, \i»\ that view, caufed her to be moored with a kcdgc anchor and hawfer. One of the failors, in heaving the snchot out of the boat, was carried over-board by thebunv. rope, and accompanied the anchor to the botioin. j;, this hazardous fltuaiion he had prefencc of mind fii; cicnt todifcngagc himfelf, and came up to thelurticj of the water, where he was immediately taken up, \*ith a dangerous fraifturc in (^m of his legs. Od Friday the 1 5th, at day-break we gave our (hip a good heel to port, in order to (fop the leak, utiicf, on ripping off the (heathing. was found to be in t'le feams. While the carpenters were employed in th;j bufinefs, others of our jKople (illed the water-caddaj dream not far from our ftation. On the i Gth, towi.-ji the evening, the weather cleared up, and we then founj ourfelves cncompaffed with land. Our ffatiim wav, the ea(tcrn (idc of the found, in a place diHinijuifhcd hi the appellation of Snug-corner I'.ay. The Captain, j^. companied by fomc of his oftirers, went to take a lunc of the head of it, and they found it to be fliehrtcd Um all winds, having a mudily bottom at the depth ofkia to three fathoms. The land mar the Hioic i« Ini, partly wooded, and partly clear : the clear ground wi covered with fnow, but very little remained in the woods. The fummits of the hilh, in the ncinhhour. hood, were covered with wood j but thofe that «frc at a greater di(!ance inland li.id the appc.iranct 01 naked rocks, covered with fnow. Our leak being at length (foppcd, on the 17th, at four oVIo k, .A.M. we weighed anchor, and (leered a N. VV. Courfc, \v;;H a gentle breeze at E. N. E. Sonn after we had mi> fail, the Americans vifited us again. When wi hij reached the north- wcftern point of thearmwherci«*c had anchored, we obferved that the flood tide came into the inlet, by the fame channel through which »e had entered. This circumllanre tlidnot nuidiconfri, bute to the probability of a pa(fa;;c to the north throu^ii the inlet, though it did not make entirely ag.iinft it. Having paffed the point jufl mentioned, we met mtii much foul ground, and many fu.iken rocks : the wind failed us, fo that we had fomc difficulty in cxiricaiin!; ourfelvcsfiomthedan;;er with which we uerethtcafcnrd; however, about two o\ lu.k F. M. we call anchnnnJa the eaflern fhore, in 13 fathoms, and four lajyiu didant from our la(l (lation. The weather foon at:tr cleared up, and we had a diftinA view of all the fur- rounding land, particularly towards the nunh, where it appeared to clofe. This gave ui but little hope of meeting with a pa(fage that way ; but, in order to form a right judgment, Lieutenant Gore w as (enr out ui'h two armed boats to examine the northern arm ; and, at the fame time, the mafler was difpatched with tto other boats, to furvey another arm that feemcd to in- cline towards the ea(t. Both returned at night. By the Mader we were informed, that the arm, to uhicli he had been fent, communicated with that we had hit quitted, and that one fide of it was formed by a cliiftc; of ifiands, Mr. Gore reported, " that he had fecii iht entrance of an arm, which, he was of opinion, exnnitil a long way to the N. E. and that probably by it a pjlTige might be found." On the other hand, Mr. Kobtrti, one of the mates, who had been fcnt with Mr. Gore to (ketch out the parti they had examined, was of opinion that they faw the head of thii arm. " The difagrcc- ment of thefc two opinions (obferves Captain Cook)9nd 2 the - v*aL«*:«(«» LOOK'S TillRD itui LAST VOYAGE— To »hc PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 547 thccircuinftancM of the tlooil-tiilc cntfring the found trom the fouth, rcmkrcil the cxiUcncc of a pafTigc thii way very douht(i;l. And, a'! the wind in the morn jnghad become favour ihic lor (^'"ting out to (ca, the (ji)tain tell* UH, he rJoivnl to Iprnd no n'orc tiriic in fearchinj; fora palliigc in a place that promil'cd lo little luccefs. ndides, it the land on the well lliould prove tobeillands, agrccaltlc to the late Kuinni DilLOveries, wc could not tail of j:;etting fir enough to the north, jnd that in good tunc; provided wc did not lofc the fcaliin in fcarchinu places, when .1 palFige was not only doubttui, but improbable. Wo w.-rc now upwards of (-gjcaj^ucs wellward ot any part ol B.ilKn'j, or o( Hud- ioni Bay, and whatever pallligc there may be, it mull be or at Icall part ot 11 miilt lie to the north of lati- tiidc7»drg. Who could rxi>eCl to find a palFagc orftrait of futh extent?"- Notwithitanding the plautibiliiy in the lace of this rcaloning.our leaders will fee, it is little more th.in mere conieoliire ; and might wc hazard our rpinion againll the jiidgcrient of fo able a navigator, wc nuill crtnfcfs, that the Utter is not coincident with hisiiliial prccilion; nor ran wc think his conduct, in the ibovc fcarch, cornfponds in all particulars with his iifiul aHiduity. I his is certain, the arm near Cape llinchmbrook, abovealluded to, and the northern part otHudlon'sBiy, he between the fume parallels of lati- tude ; and it has been the united opinion of all nurinoll Ikilful navigators and geographers, that if a N. W. pal- fjge docs CXI U, it mull be through Iludfon's, or Baf- (m s bay. As to the RulTian Difcoverics, or thofe of any other monopolizing, trading companies, they have been ol !itilcfcrvicc hitherto to navigation, and, with relpert to ihcir credit, of very fmall value. It were thcrelore to be ttilhcd, that the report of fo able an oliictr as .\lr. (Jorc had been more particularly attcnd'.'d tOj lor we think, ifthedelirable palfagecan be tiiund, it mull be 1.1 a lower latitude than 7: deg. and thr(jugh lomearm ill Iirait. This is our own private opinion, and we do not wilh to infringe ujwn the judgement of others, wc mill this lacrcd (privilege always to renuin inviolate, with every member of civil fociety. On Monday, the 18th, alxjut iluee o'clock A. M. wc weighed, and imde faii to the Ibuthward, down the inlft, with a light noithcrly breeze. Wc were enabled to Ihortcn our run out to lea, by difcovering another pillage into this inlet, to the. S. W. ol that by which we entered. It is fepiarated from the other, by an ill.iiid ihatcxtcntis i8 ka^ucs in the direction of i>. W. and N. li. to which our Commodore gave the name ot Montague llland. In this fouth-wellerii channel are Icvcral illamls. Thofe lituated in the entrance next lac open fca, are elevated and rocky. Thole liiat lie wiihinarc low ; and as ihcy were totally free .roiii mow, ilicy were, for this rcalon, called Green lii.mds. At two o'clock, P. M. the wind veered to the S. W. by S. which put us under the ncceliity ol plying- VVe hrll Ihctchcd over to within the dillance ot two miles of thceallcrn lliorc, and tacked m 5 3 fathoms. When wc Hood back to Mo;itauiie llland, wc difcovcrcd a ledge of rocks, fomc under water, and others above the (ur- fice. We afterwards met w ith fome others toward* the middle of the ch.innel. T hefc rocks rendering it dan- gerous to ply during the night, wc i'pcnt it in Itanding ()tf and on, under Monr.iguc llland ; for the depth ot witcr is fo great, that we could not call anchor. The ncxi morning, at break of day, we lUcred for the chan- nel bif.veen the Green llland and Montague Jlland, which is between two and three league* in breadth. About eight in the evening, wc had a perfcift calmj when wc let go our anchors at the depth of tweiuy-onc fathoms, over a muddy bottom, ditlant about two miles from Montague llland, After the calm bad continued till ten o'clock the fuccecding morning, a flight breeze fprung up from the north, witn whjch wc again weighed and made fail. Having got out into the open fea, by ftx in the even- ing, Wf dilcovered that the coall trended VV. by S. as far as the eye could reach. To the place we had jull left the Commodore gave the name ot Prince William's Sound. It fecms to occupy, at Icaft, one degree and a half of latitude, and two degrees ol longitude, ex- clufivc of the branches or arms, with whole exf-nt wc arc unac(|iiainted. The natives, ia general, arc of a middling ftature, though many of them are under it. They are fquare, or (Irong chelled, with lliort, thick neck^, and large broad vifages, which. uc, for the moll part, rather Hat. The moll (lilpto|)nrtioned part of their btxiy appeared to lie their heads, which were of great juagnitude. Their teeth were ofatoler.' ' whitcnefs, bro.td, well fet, and equal in fizc, Thci i had full, round points, turned up at the rip, ^ . ir cycj, though not fiiull, were fcarce! propott: .■'.■\ io the largencfs of their faces. They have blai .. r ;r, (Irong, (liaight, and thick. Their beards were, in general thin, or deficient ; but the hairs growing about the lips of thofe who have them, were brilliy or llifF, and often of a brownilh colour. Some of the elderly men had large, thick, llraight beards. The variety of their fea- tures is conliderable. Very few, however, can be faid to be handfome, though their countenance ulually indi- cates franknels, vivacity, and good nature; andyetfomc of them fliewed a rcferve and fulknncfs in their afpc(ft. The faces of fome of the women are agreeable } and many of them, but principally the younger ones, may calily be diftinguifhcd from the other fcx, by the fupe- rior foftnefs of their features. The complexion of fome of the females, and of the children, ia white, without any mixture of red. Many of the men, whom we faw naked, had rather a fwarthy caft, which was fcarccljr the etlccJl of any llain, it not being a culloin among ih«m to paint their bodies. Both Icxes, young and old, of this found, arc all cloathed in the lame manner. Their ordinary drefs is a fort of clofc frock, or rather robe, which fometimes reaches only to the kncrs, but generally down to the ancles. It has, at the upper parr, a hole jull fulltcient to admit the head, with lleevcs rMching to the wrifl. Thefe frocks arc coinpofed of the Ikins of various animals, and they arc commonly woin with the hairy lidc outwards, boiiio of the na- tives have their fiocks made of the Ikins of fowls, with only the down lelt on them, uhich they glue upon other fubllances. The feams, where the diH'erent Ikins are fcwcd together, arc ulually adorned witli fi ingcs or taflcis of narrow thongs, cut out of the fame Ikins. A lew have a fort of cape or collar, and fomc have a hood ; but the other is the moll ciillomary form, and appears to conlliiuie the whole ol their drefs in lair weaihcr. When it is rainy, they put over this ano- ther frcKk, made with fome degree of ingenuity liom the intellines of whales, or fome other large animal, prepared with fuch (kill, as to rcfcmble, in great mea- fiire, our gold-beater's leaf. It is formed lo as to be drawn tighi round the neck; and its flceves extend down to the wnll, round which they are (aliened with a firing. • When in their canoes, they draw the (kirts of this frock over the rim of the hole in which they lit, fo that the water by this means is prevented from entering: at the fame time it keeps the men dry upwards, lor no water can penetrate through it. Yet, if not conllmtly kept moift, it is apt to crack or break. This frock, as well as the common one made of Ikiiis, is nearly (imilar to the drefs of the natives of Greenland. Though the inhabitants of this inlet, in general, do not cover their legs or feet, yet fome of them wear a kind of (kin- llockings, iraching half way up rheir thighs. Few of them arc without mittens for thefr hands, formed from the (kin of a bear's paw. Ihofc who weat any thing on their head*, relcrr.bled, in this particular, the people of Nootka Sound, having high truncated conical caps, compofed of draw, and fometimes of wood. The hair of the men rs commonly cropped round the forelie.vi and neck, but the tcmalcs fuller it .o grow long; and the grcateft part of them tic a lock of it on the crown, while a few, after our cuftom, club it behind. Both men and women perforate their ears with fcveral holes, about the outer and lower pare of the edge, wherein they fufpend fmall bunches of beads. They likewifc perforate the feptum of the nole, through which they often rlirud the quilUfeathers of birds, or little bending ornvnetsts, madcof atubulou* (helly fubftance, llriing Ull ifi.M; l.'l m '«.• 548 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. on a ftift" cord, of the length of three or four inches, which give them a ridiculous and grotefque appear- ance. But the moll extraordinary fadiion, adopted by fnme of the natives of both fexes, is their having the undcr-Iip cut quite through lengthwifc, rather below the fwellinj; pa/t. This incifton ?requ«ntiy exceeds two inches in length, and, cither by its natural retradlion while the wound is dill frcfl), or by the repetition of fome artificial management, nlTumes the appearance and (hape of lips, and becomes fufficiently large to admit the tongue through. When a perfon with his under- lip thus (lit, was firft feen by one of our failors, he im-- mediately exclaimed, that the man had two mouths; which, i.idccd, it greatly rcfembles. They fix in this artificial mouth, a flat, narrow kind of ornament, made principally out of a folid (hell or bone, cut into (mall narro* pieces, like teeth, almoft down to the bale, or thick part, which has, at each end, a projecting bit, that fcrvcs to fupport it when put into the divided lip, the cut part then appearing outwards. Some ot them only perforate the lower-lip into feparate holes ; on which occafion the ornament conlifts of the fame num- ber of diftind Iheliy lluds, the points of which are thruft through thtle holes, and their heads appear within the lip, not unlike another row of teeth uiidcr their natural ones. Such arc the native ornaments ot thcfc people : but we obferved among them many beads of European manufadurc, chiefly of a pale blue co- lour, which are hung in *eir cars, or about tlieir caps, or are joined to their lip ornaments, which have a little hole drilled in each of the poirKs Jo which they are faf- tcncd, and others to them, till they fometimcs hang even as low as the point of the chin. In this la(\ cafe, how- ever, they cannot remove tliem with fuch taciliiy ; (or, with rifped to their own lip-ornaments, they can take them out with their tongues at pleafure. I'hey like- wife wear bract lets of beads made of a (belly (ublhincc rerembling amber, and of a cylindrical form. They ate, in general, fo fonil of ornamints of fome kind or other, that they fix a variety ot things in their perlo- rated lipj one of them appeared witii two ot oui iron nails projcfting like prongs from it ; and another man attempted to put a large brals button into it. The men often paint their laces ot a I laLk colour, and of a briglit red, and fomefiines of a blueilli or leaden hue, but not in any regular figure. 'I'lie women puncture or (lam the chin with black, that cuhies to a point in each of their cheeks ; a culiom fimilarto which is iit vogue, as we have been informed, among the Cirecnla^d (e- males. Upon the whole, we have n'vt in any country feen favages, who take more pains than thcfe do to dii- (igure thrir pcrfons with imaginary ornaments. ihey have two (orts of canoes j the one large and open, the other fmall and covered. They dilfer no othcrwife Iroin the great boat* in Greenland, than in the form of the head andflern, partic ilarly of the for- mer, which fomewhat refemblei a whale's head. The framing confidsofHender pieces of wood; and the out- tide is compofed of the (kins of feals, or other Tea ani- mals, ftretched over the wood. Their fmall canoes are conllrutfled nearly of the fame form and materials with thofe of the Efquimaux. Some of thefc carry two perfons. I'heir fore part is curved like the head of a violin. Their weapons and implements for hunting ami lilhing, arc the fame with thofe ufed by the Green- lander"!. Many ol their fpeart arc headed with iron, and their arrou's arc generally pointed with bone. Their larger darts are thrown by means of a piece of wood, about a foot long, with a fmall gr(x>ve in the mid- dle, which receives the dart: at the bottom is a hole for the reception of one finger, which enables them to grafp the piece of wood much ilrmer, and to throw with greater force. For dcfenfive armour th«.y have a fort of jacket, oracoatof mail, formed of laths, fa (lened toge- ther with lincwj, which render it very flexible, though it is fo clufe as not to admit a dart or arrow. It fcrvcs only to cover the trunk of the body, and may, not im- properly be compared to the ftays worn by our wo- men. Wc had not an opportunity of fccipg any of the ha- bitations of the natives, as none of them dwelt in the bay where our fhips anchored, or where any of ui landed : but with refpedt to their domeftic utenfils, they brought, in their canoes, fome round and oval wooden dilhcs, rather fliallow ; and others of a cylindrical form confiderably deeper. The fidesareonepiecebent round, after the manner of our chip-boxes, but thick, anil neatly faflened with thongs, the bottoms being neatly fixed in with fmall pegs of wood. Others were fome- what fmaller, and of a more elegant figure, not unlike a large oval butter-boat, without any handle, but Jhal* lower ; thefc were compofed of a piece of wood, or fome horny fubftance, and were fomctimes neatly carved. They had in their poiTelTum a great number of little fquarebags, made of the fame gut with their ex- terior frocka, curioufly adorned with very fmall red fea. ther^ interwoven with rhem, in which were contained feveral very line finews, and bundles of fmall cord, made out of them, plaited with extraordinary inge- nuity. They likewifc had fome models in wood of their canoes; chequered balkets, wrought fo dofely as to hold water, and a conliderable number of little images, four or five inches high, either of wood, or ftutied, which were covered with a piece of fur, and cmbellilhed with quill-feathers, with hair fixed on thtir heads. We could not determine whether thefc were in- tended merely as children's toys, or were applied to fuper(\itious purpofes. They have many inftrumenii formal of two or three hoops, or concentrical pieces of wood, having a .'rofs bar fixed in the middle, by which they arc held. To thefc they fix a number of dried barnacle (hells, uith threads, which, when Ihakcn, pro- duce a loud iioifc, and thus ferve the jpurpofe of a nt< tie. This contrivance is probably a fubtlitutc for the rattling bird at King George's Sound. It is uncertain with what kind of tools their wooden utenfils, frameset canoes, &c. are made ; the only one that wc obfctvcd among them being a fort of flone-adze, fo i cwhatrc- fcmbling thofe of Otahcite, and other iflands in the Pacific Ocean. They have a great quantity ol iron knives, fome of which are rather curve.', others itraight, and fame very fmall ones, lixed in longifh handles, with the blades bent upwards. They have al(o knives, fome of which are almoft two feet in length, lliapcd, in a great meafurc like a dagger, with a ridgc towards the middle. Thefc they wear in (heaths ol tkin, hung by a thong round their necks, under their rube or frock. it IS probable, that they ufc them only as weapons, and that their other knives arc applied toditt'erent purpolcs. Whatever they have, is as well made as if thry ucrc provided w'th a complete chefl of tools; and thor filaiting of finews, fewing, and fmali-work on their ittic bags, may be found to vie with the neatcd nunu- (aclurcs in any part of the globe. Upon the whale, confidering the uncivilized (late of the natives ul thu found, their northerly fituation, amidll a country aimol) continually covered with fnow, anJ the conipirativc wretched materials they have to work with, it appturs, that, with rcfpedt to their (kill and invention, in all manual operations, they are at lead upon a {wnmf, uiih any other people in the iflands of the great Pacific Ocean. Theanimal food, we fawthem ear, was either roallrd, or broiled: they teed alfo on dried filh. Some ut the former that was purchafcd, had the appearance of best's flcfh. They likewilc cat a larger fort ot (crn-root, ciiher baked, or drelTed in fome other method. Some «( iwr companyobferved them toeat freely of a fybllance,which weimagined was the interior part of thepinebatk. Their drink, m all probability, is water ; for, in their canoes, they brought fnow in their wooden vetFels, which they ('wallowed by roouthfuls. Their manner of eating is decent and cleanly, for they conllantly took care to re- move any dirt that might adhere to their food : and though they would fomctimes eat the raw fat ot a fea animal, yet, they did not fail to cut it caretully into mouthfuls. To all appearance, their perfons were al- ways free from filth ; and their utentils, in general, were kept in excellent order, as were alfo their boats. The lansuige of thefc people fecined difficult to be T E. of them dwelt in the d, or where any of us irdomedic utenfils, they round and oval wooden crs ofa cylindrical form, I are one piece bent round, >.boxes, but thick, and le bottoms being neatly od. Others were feme- legant figure, not unlike )ut any handle, but (hal< of a piece of wood, or were fomctimes neatly Tittim a great number of fame gut with their cx- I with very fmall red fca. in which were contained bundles of fmall cord, VI ith extraordinary ingc* bme models in wood of :ts, wrought foclofelyai ierable number of little igh, cither of wood, or ith a piece of fur, and . with hair fixed on their nc whether thcfe were in- oys, or were applied to f have many inftrumenti or concentrical piectjof in the middle, by which ' fix a number of dried vhich, when iliakcn, pro- Tve the purpofe of a rat- ably a fubftitute for the s Sound. It is uncertain vooden utenfils, frames of nly one that wc obfcrved Hone-adze, foicwhatrc- and other illands in the a great quaniiry of iron er curved, others ilraighr, ixed in longilh handles, . They have alio knives, feet in length, Duped, in :r, with a ridgc towards r in fhcaths ut (km, hung under their robe or frock. lem only as weapons, ami lied todiUerent purpolts. ell made as if thty were left of tools J and thrr ind fmall-work on their ie with the ncatcd iiunu- lobe. Upon the whole, itcof the natives ut ihu I, amidll a country aliiiolt w, and the comparative to work with, it appears, .ill and invention, in all Icatt upon a footing uiih ids of the great Pacific tn ear, was either roalled, dried filh. Someul the d the appearance fif bear's er fort of Icrn-root, cuhcr rrmethotl. Somcut'iwr 'reelyofafubltancc.which artofthepinebark. Their iter; for, in their canoes, >oden velFcIs, which ihcy \e'\T manner of eating is onlUntiy took care to re- here to their food ; and I eat the raw fat ot a ft> I to cut it careluily mio ce, their pcrfons were «!- utenfils, in general, were re alfo their boats, lie fectned difficult to be underdootli COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, fee. JUS underftood: this, perhaps, was not owing to Any cr rion,or indiftindlnefs in their lounds, but to the v fignifications which their words bear: for they frequently made ufe of the fame word on different occafions ; though, probably, if wc could have had a longer inter- coutK with them, this might have proved a miftake on our part. Among the few words and phrafei the inge- nious Mr. Anderfon was enabled to procure, wc have felefled the followmg': Ahleu - - Amilhtoo - Keelalhuk - Natoonelhuk Lukluk - - Namuk - - As - • - Chilke - - Taiha - - • Tokke - - - Chukelo - - Kochrene - - Takulai - - Keichillho - Klu or Kliew - Yaut - A Spear - A Pice of while bear's Jkin . - Guti ofwbkb they make jackets The Skin of afea-otter - A Brvwnfhaf^gyjkin An OrttamtHtftr the tar - Tes - 0«r . . - Tvat - - three - Four - Five - Six - Sevn - Eight PlIRASES. ~ • ril go : or, /ball In f Whaehai - - - Shall I keep it ? Do you five it me? Tiwuk - - - Keep it Weona or Vecna - Slrmiger f calling /• one J , f lym you barter for this that belongs Keeta • • • • Give mefomething. Nacma . - - Give me /bmetbing in exchange, Akafliou - - - If'bal's the name of that f With regard to the numerals, Mr. Anderfon obferves, that the words correfponding to oun, after palling three, ue not certain. Our knowledge of the animals of this part of Ame- rica is entirely derived from the (kins that were brought by the natives for fate. Thefe were pr..iciually of bears; common, and pine martiru; fea-otters, fcals, ra- coons, fmall ermines, foxes, and the whitiih cat or lynx. Among thefe various (kins, the moft common are thole of racoons, martins, and fea-otters, which form the or- dinary drefs of thcle people: but the (kins of the mar- tins which were in general of a far lighter brown than thofe of Nootka, were greatly fuperior to them in point oft^nencfsi u hercas thofe of the fca-ottcrs, which, as well as the martini, were much more plei::iful here than at Nootka, fccn:rJ to be confiderably inferior in the inicknefs and fiiicncfs of their fur, though they far ex- ceeded them with Tt( ; c^ to (ize; and were, for the moll part, of the glol\y buck fort. The (kins of feals, and bears, were alio very common: the former were, in ge- neral, white J and nwny (if the bears, here, were of a dark brown hue. Bcfidcs thefe animals, there is the white bear, of whofc (kins the natives brought feveral pieces, and fome complete (kins of cubs. Here is alfo the woiverene, or quickhatch, whofe (kin has very bright colours; and a larger (pccies of ermine than the com- mon one, varied with brown, and fcarcely any black on its tail. The Ikin of the head of fome very large ani- mal was brought to us, but we could nut decide poli- lively what it was ; choup*' f.cn the colour, and (hagginefs of the hair, and its noi lefcmbling any land animal, we conjectured, that it may be that of tilt male iirfinc-rcal, or fea-bear. But one of the moft beautiful flcina that fell under our conliJeration, is that nfa fmall animal near a foot in length, of a brown co- lour on the back, with ■ number of obfcure whitiih ipccb, the fides being of a blueilh a(h colour, with a few of thofe fpecks. The tail is about a third part of the length of the body, and is covered wall whitilh hair. This animal is doubtlefs the fame with that which is called by Mr, Stiehltn, in his accoutit of the New Northern Archipelago, the fpotted lleld-moufc : but whether it in really ofthc moufc kind, or a fqiiir- No.«7. . 549 rel, we could not learn, nor determine, for want of en- tire fkins ; though Mr. Anderfon was inclined to be- lieve, that it is the fame animal which fome of our na- turalifts have defcribed under the appellation of the cafan-marmot. The great number of fkins that we faw at this place, demonftrates the abundance of the various animals we have mentioned i yet, it is fomewhat remarkable, that we neither met with the (kins of the moofe, nor of the common fpecies of deer. As to the birds we found the halcyon, or great king-fifher, having fine bright colours ; the (hag ; the white headed eagle ; and the humming bird, whichoften flewaboutnur (h cured a very inconfiderable fupply of them as refrc(h> mcnts. The de '.k is about the fize of our common wild one J of a deep black, with red feet, and a (bort pointed tail. Its bill is white, tinged towards the point with red, and has a large black fput, almoft fquare, near i(sbafe,oneachlide,whereicisalfofomewhatdi(iended. On the forehead is a large triangular white fpot ; and an the hinder part of the neck is one dill larger. The co- lours of the female are much lefs vivid than thofe of the nule ; and ftie has none ofthc ornaments of the bill, excepting thofe of the two black fpots, which are ra- ther obfcure. We obferved a fpecies of the diver, which feems peculiar to this place. In fize, it is equal to a partridge, and has a (hort, black, comprelFed bill. Its head, and the upper part of its neck, are of a brownilh black ; and the remainder of its body is ofa deep brown, wav^d obfcurely with black, except the under part, which is totally ofa blackilh caft, minutely varied with white. Wc found alfo a fmall land bird, of the finch kind, about the bignefs ofa yellow-hammer; but wc imagined it to be one of thofe which change their colours with the feafon, and with their different migrations. It was, at this time, of a du(ky brown with a reddifh tail ; and the fuppofed male had, on the crown of the head, a large yellow fpot, with fome va- ried black on the upper part of its neck t but the latter was on the bread of the female. With refped to the fiftj, what the natives brought to us for fale, were torfk and halibut. We caught fome fculpins about the ihipi and ftar-fi(h ofa purplifti hue, that had fixteen or eighteen rays. The rocks were al- moft deftitute of (helUfilh, and the only one of this tribe that fell under our notice, was a reddifh crab, covered with large fpines. We obferved few vegetables of any kind, and the trees that chiefly grew about this found, were the Canadian, and fpruce pine, fome of which were of a confiderable (ize. The meuls we faw thefe people poirelfcd of, were iron and copper t both which, but particularly the former, were in fuch abundance, that their lances and arrows were pointed with them. The ores which they ufcd to paint themfelva with, were a briule, unAuous red ochre or iron ore i a pig- ment ofa bright blue; and black lead: but each of thefe articles fcemed to be very fcarce among them. Thefe people muft, ceruinly, have received from fome more civilize) nation, the beads and iron found among them. We were, doubtlefs, the firft £uropeans, with whom they ever had a direA communication t and it remains only to be determined, from what (}uarter they had pro> cured our manufadures. And it is more than proba- ble, that they had obtained thefe articles, through the intervention ofthc more inland tribes, either from the fetilements about Hudfon's Bay, or thofe on the lakes o( Canada ; unlefs we can a jmit th': fuppofition, that theRulfians, from Kam'ptfthatka,have already extended -their tiallic to this dillance i or that the natives of their moft eallerly Fox lilands carry on an intercourfe along the coall, with the inhabitants of Prince William's Sound. As to copper thefe people, perhaps, procure it 6 Z themfelves. ■•k ■■■ ] I ■■ r.i V ■.4, .: . ,1: if J .'■ "i. m '(MS \im 55° Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. themfelvM, or, at moft, it paffcs to them through very few hands ; for when they offered any of it by way of barter, they ufed to expreU its being in fuflicient plenty among them by pointing to their weapons, as if they would intimate, that, having fo much copper of their own, they had no occafion io increafe their Itock. How- ever, if the natives of this inlet are firnilhed with European commodities by means of the intermediate traffic to the citfiern coaft, it is remarkable, that they Ihould never, in return, have fupplicci the more inland Indians with fome of their fea-ottcr (kins, which would undoubtedly have appeared, at one time or other, in the environs of Hudlon's Bay. But that docs not ap- |)ear to be the cafe i and the only method by which we can account for this, muft be by confidering the very freat difhmce I which, though it might not prevent uicpean articles of commerce from coming fo far, as being fo uncommon, mieht hinder the (kins, which are common, from pafTmg through more than two or three tribes, who might make ufe of them for their own cloathing, and fend others, which they reckoned of in- ftrior value as beingof their own animals, to the eaft, till they reached the traders at the European fctiUments. On Wednefday the 20th of May, having took our departure from Prince William's Sound, we direfled our courfe to the S. W. with a gentle breeze. This wis fiicceedcd by a calm, at four o'clock, the next morning, which was foon followed by a breeze from the S. W. This veering to the N. W. we continued to ftretch to 8. W.and piSled a lofty promontory, in thelatitudeof ^9 dcg. 10 min. long. 307 deg. 45 min. It having been dil covered on Princefs Elizabeth's birth-day, Captam Cook ^wve it the name of Cape Elizabeth. As wc could fee no land beyond it, we flattered ourfelves, that it was the weftern extremity of the continent : but freih land foon appearing infieht, bearing W. 8. W. convinced us of our millake. Ine wind had increafed to a fltrong gale, and forced us to a confiderable dil- tance from the coaft: but, on the ssnd, F M. the gale •bated, and we llood for Cape Elizabeth. On Saturday the 93d, at noon. Cape Elizabeth bore W. diftanc 10 leagutsi at which time new land was fecn, bearing S. W. which, it wai imagined, connetited Cape Elizabeth with the land we had fcen towards the weft. VVc llood to the fouiKward till the next day, at noon, w hen we ucrc three leagues from thecin Cook was now fully convinced, that no paliagc could Ix: dilcovcredby this inlet ; and his continuing to explore it u.^s more to tatisfy others, than to conhnn his own opimun. At this time Mount St. Auj^ulfine bore N. W. dillant three leagues. It is of a conical hgurc, and rifes to a pmJi. gious height; but whether it be an illand, or pan of the continent, is not yet aicertained. Perceiving thai no. thing was to be done to the weft, wcdaod over to Cape Elizabeth, under which we fetched at about hve indie afternoon. Between Cape Elizabeth and a lofty m- montory. which was named Cape Bede, is a bif, wherein we might have anchored ; bu^ the Cautiin having no fuch intention, we tacked and l>ood to the wetiward, with a very llrong gale, accompnicii with ram and hazy weather. Next morning the gale abated, and about three o'clock in the afternoon, the weatha cleared up ; Cape Dougla.^ bearing 8. W. by W. and the depth of water being 40 fathoms, over a rocky bottom. From Ciape Bede the coal! trended N. E by £. with a chain of mountains in land, in the famcdi- redtion. Wc had now the mortification to difcover low land in the middle of the inlet, extending ttom N. .\. E. to N. E. by E. but, as it was fuppofed to bean illand, wc were not much difcouraged. Onl'hurlday, the s8th, A. M. having but littlcwind, the thipdrovc to the fouthward, and in ordtrto flop her, we dropped a kedgcanchor, with an eight inch haufer. But, in bringing the fhip up, wc loll both th«t and (he anchor. However, we brought the (hip up, with one of the bowers, and fpent a confiderable part of the day in fweeping tor them, but without eii'e^i. Wc werenow in the latitude of 59 deg. 5 1 min. the k)w laml exicndtd from N. E. to S. E. the neareft part dillant two Ica^mcs; and the land on the weftern thorc. about fcven Icaguei. Aftrongiidefet to the fouthward, out ot the inicci it was the ebb, and lanalinol) tour knoiit in an hour. Ai ten o'clock it was low water. Though the water had become thick, and refenioicii that in rivers, we wm encouraged to proceed, b) finding it as fait as in the ocean, even at low water. Three knots was the tlrength of the flood tide ; and the llream continued to run up till four in the afternoon. At eight o'clock in the evening we floo.i up the inlet, to the north. Stiin after the wind veered to this quarter, and blew in Iqualli, it- tended with rain ; hut this did not hinder us Iroin ply- ing up while the Hood continued, which was till the next morning at iKar live u'clo(:k, when wc anghottd . ibwt u-- id. When we appronchfj iconnedcd group of higi, 1 the nakednefs of thnr led them the Birn-n U„. 9dcg.thrcclcaKUi.sdilta„; vc from J'tint B.inks. it laffed through one of the ands arc divided] hut i us, we went tolcuwarrf^ hich had been thick ansl ie evening, when wc w, iry.whofc elevated fumn,j[ wmingt wo exceeding hU imcd this promontory dpt ticnd Dr. Dou^as, canoq 12 leagues trom Pom, ard of the Barren Klfs; n id longitude ioddcg.',, id Cape Douglas « a lara bfervingfomcfinokeupo, lame ef Sinokcy Bay. ;\t g to the northward of tht Dore land, extending from It conlincdofachamof f which, being much mod iC-iiiK-d the name of Mount fidhgaie we flood to the und, that what wc had fup. rimits of mountiinj, con. ThKi was covered wholly )f r.ic mountains down to ;very other rcfpcd, the an. r. C~ipt.tiii Cook was now jgc could bcdifcovcrcdby ig to explore It tt.is more to rin his own opmiun. At nc bore N. VV. dillant three igurc, andrii'csroaproJi. t be an illand, or part uf the incd. Hufcciving that no- weft, we.d over to Cape fetched at about five in the Elizabeth and a lofty pn>. cd Cape Bedc, ii a biy, nchoredi but, thcCaptam ve tacked and ftood to the ig gale, accompanid »iih [t morning the gale abated, the afternoon, the weather bearing S. VV. by W. and 40 fatnoms, over a rocky chc coart trended N. E by ns in land, in the fame di. : mortification to dilcover c inlet, extending ttom N. IS it was fuppoled to be u ifcouragcd. i. M. having but littlcwind, ird, »nd in ordtrto Hop hcf, with an eight inch hauler. , wc loll both that and the ight the (hip up, with one infiderablc part of the day thoutcffedh Wewcrenot inin. the low land extended a part dillant two lca),'U«; Ihore. about fcven leaguet. iward, out ot the inlet; it tour knots 111 an hour. At . Though the water had d that m rivers, wc were inding it as fait as in the hree knots was the llrcngth ream continued to run up At eight o'clock in the t, to the north. Su.in after er, and blew in fqualit, it- id not hinder us trom ply- inued, which was till th« clofk, when weaiichoitd about COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN» &c. 55 1 about two leagues from the eaftern (hore ; and our la- ,jt|](Je was 6odeg. 8 min. Some low land, which wc fiippored to be an liland, lay under the weftern lliorc, diltant between three and four leagues. The weather clearing up, a ridge of mountains appeared ; and two columns of fmokc were viliblc on the eaftern fliore. At one o'clock A. M. we weighed, and plied up under double reefed top- fails, having a (Irong gale at N. E. On Saturday the 30th, the gale having much abated, wc plied up from two o'clock A. M. till near feven, and then anchored under the Ihore to the eaftward, in 19 fathoms water. At noun two canoes, witi) a man in u(Ji, came off to the (hip, nearly from that part where yit had fecn the fmokc the day before. They refem- blcd firongly thofe we had lecn in Prince William's Sound, both in drefs and perfon : their canoes were alfo condrucled in the fame manners and one of them had a large beard, and a countenance like the common fort ot people in the Sound. When the Hood made, we weighed, Itood over to the weftern (hore, and fetched under a bluff point to the N. W. This, with the point on the oppoute (hore, contracted the breadth of the channel to about four leagues, through which a pro- digious tide ran. It had a terrible appearance, and we were ignorant whether the water was thus agiuted by the ftrcam, or by the dafhing of the waves againft fands or rocks. Wc kept the weuern (hore aboard, that ap- pearing to be the fafed. In the evening, about eight o'clock, we anchored under a. point of land, bearing N. £> dillant about three leagues, and lay there during the ebb. Till wc arrived at this llation, ihr water re- tained an equal degree of faltncfs, both at high and low water, and was as fait as that which is in the ocean : but now the appearances of a river evidently difplayed thcmfelvcs. The water, taken up at this ebb, was much frciher than any we had taftcd ; whence we con- cluded that we were in a large river, and not in a ftrait, which had a cominunicaiiou with the northern fcas: but, having proceeded thus far, Captain Cook was an ■ xiousto have Uronger proofs; therefore, on the thirty, iirll, in the morning, wc weighed with the tixod, and drove up with the tide, having but little wind. Near cighto'dock, many of the natives, in one large canoe, and fcvcral fmall ones, paid us a vilit» The latter had only one perfon on board each ( but the larger ones con- tained men, women, and children. Wc bartered with thcra for fonie of their fur drcffcs, made of the Ikinsof animals, particularly thofe of fca-otters, martins, and hares, alfo falmon, halibut, and 1 lew of their darts ; for which, in return, we gave them old clothes, beads, and pieces.of iron. The(e lall they call goone ; but, in general, their language is nearly the fame as that ufed in Prince William's Sound. At nine o'clock, wc an- chored in lixteen fathoms water, almol) two leagues trum the wellern Ihore, the ebb being already began. It ran but three knots an hour at its grcatelt llrcngth, and fell, after we had anchored, twenty-one feet upon a perpendicular. In order to determine the diredion, and other particulars rclpeding the inlet, Captain Cook difpacchcd two boats, and when the flood tide made, followed ch>:in with the two (hipsi but, after driving about ten miles, we anchored, having a dead calm ana ftrong tide again(\ us. At the lowelt of the ebb, the water atand near thcfurfacc, was pcrfcttly frclh, though retaining a confidcrable degree of faltncfs, if taken above a foot below it. BcliJes this, we had other con- vincing proofs of us being a river, luch as thick muddy water, low fliorcs, trees, and rubbilh of various kinds, Hoating backward and forward with the tide. In the nftcrnoon we received another vifit from the natives, who bartered largely with our people, without fo much as attempting one dilhonell action. On Monday the ift of June, at two o'clock, A. M. the maftcr, w ho commanded the two boats, returned, informing us that he found the inlet or river contracted to one league in breadth, and that it took a northerly courfe through low land on each (ide. He advanced alxiut three Icigius through this narrow parr, which he lound Iroui 20 to 1 7 (athoiiu dfep. While the llreain tan down the water was perfectly frclh, but it become brackith when it ran up, and more fo near high water. Three leagues to the northward of this fearch, the mader difcovcrcd another feparation in the eadern chain of mountains, through which he fuppofed it pro- bable, the river ran in a diredion N. E. but this was thought by the captain to be only another branch, and that the main channel continued in a northern iJind^ioiv between the two chains of mountains. The pleating hopes of finding a paffage were no longer entertained i but as the ebb was fpent, we took the advantage of the next tide to get a clofer view of the eaflern branch : order to determii e whether the low land on the . was an idand or not. For this purpofe we weighecl with the firft of the flood, and ttood over for the eallern (hore. At eight o'clock a breeze fprang up in a di- redion oppofite to our courfe, fo that we defpaired of reaching the entrance of the river. By reafon of this untoward circumftance, two boats were difpatched, under the command of Lieutenant King, to make ftich obfcrvations as might enable us to form fome tolerable • idea of the nature and courfe of the river. About ten o'clock the Kefolution and Difcovcry anchored in n)ne fathoms water. The Commodore obltrving the ftrength of the tide to be fo powerful, that the boats could not make head againft it, made a fignal for tnem to return, before they had proceeded half way to the entrance of the river. The only knowledge concerning the grand quettion, obtained by this tide'a work, was, that all the low land, which we had imagined to be an ifland, was one continued tradt from the great river to the foot of the mountains, terminating at the fouthenuance of this catlern branch, which the Commodore denominated the river Turnagain. 1 he low lancT begins again on the north fide of this river, and extends from the foot of the mountains, to the bank of the great river, forming before the river Turnagain a large bay. Having entered this the flood fet very llrong into the river, the water falling 20 fieet upon a perpendicular, from which circumllanccs it was evident, that a paffage was not to be expcdted by this fide river, any more than by the main branch : but, as the water at ebb, though much frcfher, retained a con- tiJerable degree of faltnefs, it is proba|ple that tx>th thefc blanches are navigable by thips much farther; and that a very extenlive inland communication lies open, by means of this river and its feveral branches. We had traced it to the latitude of 6 1 deg. 30 min. and the long, ot 2 10 deg. which is upwards of 210 miles from its en- trance, and faw no appearance of its fource. The time we fpent in the dilcovcry— (Here the Commoi!orc having left a blank in his journal, which he had not filled up with any particular name, the carl of Sandwich very properly direfted it to be called Cook's ri^ er) The time we fpent in thedifcovery of Cook'.? river o>/ght not to he regretted, if it (hould hereafter p.'ivc ufefuTtothe prefent, or any future age: but the delay ihus ot cafioned was an effential lofs to us, who had a greater ubjedl in view. The feafon was far advanced, and >t was now evident, that the continent of North America extended much farther to the weft than we had reafon to expert fiom the moft approved charts. In the afternoon Lieutenant King was again fent, with orders from the captain to land on the S. E. (idc of the river, where he wu todifplay the flag; and, in his majefty't name, to uke pofleflion of the c>>untr/ and Cook's river. He was ordered alfo to bury a bottle in the earth, containing fome Englifli coin of 1772, and a paper, whereon were written the names of our (hips, and the date of our difcovery. In the mean time the thips were got under way 1 but a calm enfued, and the flood tide meeting us, we found it neceffary to catt anchor; the point where Mr. King landed bearing S. dillant two mile!> This point of land was named Point Potfcirion. On Mr. King's return wc were informed, that after he had landed he faw feveral of the natives with their arms extended, an attitude, he fuppofed, meant tofignify their peaceable difpoliiion, and to con- vince him tliat they were without weapons. Ohferving his attendants were armed with mufqiien, they were alarmed, and requcfted, by exprcllive ligns, that he would \r., -If 5 >^iM *..,!«: I*':. * ■.■ii 1 J, ■>it,.i hki '■ Pi m I.I m iKm 552 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. '\ %1 y* '^'-^yi... would lay them down. This was immediately complied with, and then \!r. King and his party were permitted to walk up to them. They now appeared to be very fociabic and chearful. Mr. Law, furgcon of the Dif- covcry, beii^ one of the party, purchafcd a dog, and taking it towards the boat, immediately (hot it dead. At this they fcemed exceedingly furprizcd ; and, not thinking themfelves (afc in fuch company, they walked away; but it prefently appeared, that they had con- cealed their fpcars and other weapons in the bufhes clofe behind them. At high>waicr we weighed anchor, and with a faint breeze flood over to the weft (hore, where the next morning, being Tuefday the fecond, we anchored, on account of the return of the flood. Soon after we were vifitcd by fcveral of the natives in canoes, who bartered their fkins, and afterwards parted with their garments, many of them returning pcricdiy naked. Among others, they brought a great quantity of the (kins of white rabbits, and red foxes, but only two or three of thofe of otters. We alfo purchafed Tome pieces of ha- libut and falmon. They preferred iron to every thing we offered them in exchange. The lip-ornaments were Icfs in fafhion among them than at Prince William's Sound ; but thofe which pafs through the nofc were more frequent, and in general confiderably longer. They had likewife more embroidered work on their garments, quivers, knife>cafes, and other articles. At half paft ten we weighed, and plied down the river with a gentle breeze at fouth ; when, by the inattention of the man at the lead, our fhip flruck upon a bank, nearly in the middle of the river. It is pretty certain that this bank occalioncd that ftrong agitation of the Itrcam, with which wc were To much furprized when turning up the river. We had twelve feet of water about the fhip,. at the loweft of the ebb, but the bank was dry in other parts. When our (hip came aground Captain Cook made a fignal for the Dtfcovery to anchor. We were afterwards informed that Ihc had been almoft afhore on the weft fide of the bank. About five o'clock in the afternoon, as the flood tide came in, the (hip floated off without luftaining any damage, or occafloning the Icaft trouble. We then flood over to the weft (hore, where wc an^ hored, in deep water, to wait for the ebb, the wind bi ing Ibll unfavourable to us. At ten o'clock at night wr .vtighcd with the ebb, and about five the next morning, i!ic 3d, the tide being finilhcd, we call anchor on ihcr well tliore, about ten niilt-s below the bluff point, in this flacion we were vilited by many of the natives, who attended us all the morning: their company was highly acceptable to us, as they brought witl) them a quantity ol fine falmon, which they ex- chaiigcil lor Idiih oluur trifles. Several hundred weight of it was procured tur the two ihips. The mountains now, for the firll time after our entering the river, were free from clouds, and wo faw a volcano in one of thoC: on the weftern lide. Its latitude is 60 deg. sj min. and it is the firft high mounuin noith of Mount St. Auguflin. The volcano is near the fummit.and on that pan of the mountain next the river. It emiu a white (moke, but no fire. The v.ii continuing foutherly, wc ftill tided it down the iiver. 0.1 Friday the 5rh, in the morning, we arrived at the place where Uc had loft our kedge anchor, w lich wc attempted, though unfuccefslully, to recover. Be- fore out departure from hence, wc were again viHted by /oiiic ul the natives in fix canoes from thceaftern (hore. TliL' (Wintsot their fpears and knives are made of iron; fonie of the former, indeed, are made of copper. Their fpcars rcfcmbic our (pontoons ; and their knives, for which tbxy have flieaths, arc of confidcrnble length. Exc I't thcfc and a few gl&fs beads, every thing we law among them was of their own manufacture. A very beneficial fur trade might certainly be carried on with the natives of this vatl coafl : but without a northern palTage, it is too remote tor Great Britain to be bene- fittcu by fuch commerce. It fliould however be noted, tlut almoft the only valuable Ikins, on this weft fide of ^orth Americt, are thofe of the fca-otter ; their other (kins are of an inferior quality. As the fkins are ufcj by thcfe people only for cloathing themfelves, they, per. haps, are not at the trouble of drefling more of them than they require for ti.is purpofe. This is probably the chief caufe of their killing the animals, for they re- ceive principally their fupply of food from 'he fca and rivers: but if thefe were-accuftomed to a .onftant trade with foreignen, fuch an intercourfe would incrcafc their wants, by acquainting them with new luxuries, to be enabled to purchafe which, they would become more afliduousin procuring fkins ; and in this country, with- out doubt, a plentiful fupply might be obtained. This day, the ebb tide making in our f.ivour, we weighed, and with a gentle breeze atS, W. pl.cddown the river: the flood obliged us to anchor again; but the next morningot Saturdaythe6thwegotunderfailwithi frelh breeze, paircdthcBarrenlHandsii bout eighco'clock, A. M. and at noon Cape St. Hermogenes bore S. S. £' eight li..^guesdiftant. We intended to go through the palTagebeiwceniheillandofthat name and themain land, but the wind foon after failed us; on which account we abandoned the dclign of carrying the Ihip through that paifage : northward of it the land forms a bay, a low rocky ifland lying off the N. W. point. Some other iflands, of a limilar appearance, arefcattered along the coaft between here and Point Banks. At eight in the evening, St. Hermogenes extended from S. half E. to S. S. E. and the rocks bore S. Z. diftant three milci. About midniuht we paflcd the rocks, and bore up to the fouthward; and on the 7th at noon St. Hcrmogrncj bore N. diilant four leagues. The fouthernmoft point of the mam land lay N. half W. five leagues dilhnt. The latitude of this promontory is 58 deg. 15 min. and its longitude 274 deg. 34 min. It was named after the day in our calendar, Cape Whitfunday ; and a large bay to the weft of it was called Whitfuntidc Bay. At midnight we flood in for the land, and at fcven in the morning of the eighth we were within four miles of it, and lefs than two miles from fome funken rocks, bear- ing W. S. W. Here we anchoied in thirty-live fathomj water. To the weft of the bay are fome fmall iflands. To the fouthward the fea coaft is low, with projccling rocky points, having fmall inlets between them. We were now in the latitude of 57 deg. 5a min. qo fee. The land here forming a point, it wu named Cape Greville, in lat. 57 deg. jj min. long. 207 deg. 15 min, diftant from St. Hermogenes 1 5 leagues. On the 9th, I oth and 1 1 th, we continued plying up the coall. On Friday the uth, in the evening, the fog clear- ing up, we defcried land twelve leagues diftant, bearing W. and we ftood in for it early the nex^^orning. At noon an elevated point, which wc called Ope Barnabas, in lat. 57 deg. 13 min. bore N. N. E. diftant ten miles. 'Phe point to the S. W. had an elevated fummit, which terminated in two round hills, and was therefore called Two-headed Point. At fix in the evening, being about midway between CiipeBarnabasand Two-headed Point, a point of land was obferved bearing S. 69 deg. W. On the fourteenth, at noon, we obferved in lat. 56 deg. 49 min. The land feen the preceding evening, now ap- peared like two iflands. We were up with the fouth- ernmoft part of it the next morning, and perceived it to be an ifland, which we named 'I rinity llland. It lies in lat. 56 deg. 36 min. long. 205 dee. diflantfrom the continent three leagues, between which rocks and illands are interfperfed. In the evening, at eight, wc were within a league of the fmall iflands. The wcfternmoll point of the continent, now in view, wc called Ope Trinity, it being a low point facing Trinity llland. Having reafon at this time to exped foggy weather, we flretched out to fea, and pnid two or three rocky iHo" near the eaft end of Trinity llland. This we weathered, and in the afternoon (leered weft-fuutherly, with agalc at S. S. E. No land appearing on Mutiday thefiltccmh at noon, and the gale and fog increaling, wc Itcercd W. N. W. under fuch fail as we could haul the wind with I fenfiblc of the danger of running before a llrong gale, in the vicinity of an unknown coaft and in a thick fog. It was however become iiccvlTary to run li^me litk, rr E. As the fkins arc ufcj thcmfelvcs. thev.pcr. Irefling more ofthpm] ifc. This is probablJ le animals, for they r/. food Jrom 'he fea and mcdtoa.onftanttradc Irfc would increafc their th new luxuries, to be \y would become more Id in this country, with. ight be obtained. |ing in our f.ivour, »- :catS.VV.pl,cddo„„ anchor again; but the wcgotunderfailwithi inds about cighto'clock Irmogcnes bore S. s. £.' Hded to go through "(he uine and the main land J on which account we U the (h.p through that Id forms a bay, a low point. Some other are fcattcred along the inks. At eight in the ded from S. half E. to •-. diftant three milei rocks, and bore up to t noon St. Hcrmogrncj The fouthernmort point Y- five leagues dilUnt iS58dcg. 15 min.and It was named after the iitfunday ; and a large Whitfuntidc Bay. ..\t nd, and at feven in the within four miles of it, Tie funken rocks, bear' i in thirty.five fathomj arc fome fmall iflands. IS low, with projcdjng » between them. Wc ' dcg. 5a min. 30 fee. It, It was named Cape long. 207deg.i5n,in, leagues. Onthcjth, •ngupthecoart. vening, the log dear- Mgucsdiftant, bearing ""HBorning. At ^called O^c Barnabas, «. E. diflant ten milei. evated fummit, which id was therefore cilled ; evening, being about nd Two-headed Poinr, faring S. 69 dcg. VV. i'fervedinl3t.56dcg. ling evening, now ap- re up with the fouth. in^, and perceived it Irinityllland. It lies deg.cfiftant from the hich rocks and illandi I, at eight, we were Is. The wefternmoft lew, we called Cape cing Trinity Illand. ■ an ele- vated bluff point, whch we called Rock Point. It bore N. diftant 8 leagues; and a high round iiili, called Halibut Head, bore S. VV. diftant ij leagues. On the 21ft, Halibut Ifland extended from N. by K. to N. VV. This ifland is feven leagues in circumference, and except the head, is very low and ban en. Wc were kept ac fuch a dillance from the continent, by the rocks and breakers, that we had but a very imperfect view ot the coall between Halibut Ifland fend Rock Point. We could, however, perceive the main land covered with fnow; particularly fome hills, whofe elevated tops towereil above the clouds to a moft ftupendous height. A volcano was feen on the moft fouth-wcfterly of thcfc hills, which perpetually threw up immenfe columns of black finoke : it is at no great diflancc from the coaft, and lies in the latitude of 54 dcg. 48 min. and in lorgi- tude 195 deg. 45 min. Its figure is a complete cone, and the volcano is at the fummit of it : rem.ukabic as it may appear, the wind, at the height to which the finoke of the \i.)icnno lol'e, often moved in an oppofite direction to wli.it it did at fea, even ina frefli gale. In the afternoon, having three hours calm, upwards of I GO halibuts were caught by our people, fome of which weighed upwards of a hundred pounds, and none of them Icfs than twenty each. They were highly accept- able to us. We fifhed in 35 fathoms water, about four miles diftant from the rtiorc; during which time, we were vifited by a man ina fmall canoe, who came from a large ifland. When he drew near to the Ihip, he un- covered his head and bowed, as the other had done the preceding day, when he came oft" to the Difcovcry. It appeared very plain to us, that the Ruflians had fome communication with thefe people, not only from thcic pc.iiienefs, but from an additional proof that we now were favoured with: forour newvifitorhadon a pair of green cloth breeches, and a jacket of black cloth, un- der the frock of his own country. He had with him a grey fox-lkin, and fome fiihing implements: aifo a bladder, wherein was fome licjuid, which wc fuppofcj to be oil: he opened it, drank a mouthful, and then doled it up again. His canoe was fmaller than any one of thofe we had feen before, though of the fame con- ftrurtion : like others who had vifited the Difcovcry, he ufed the double-bladcd paddle. His features rc- fcmbled thofe of the natives of Prince William's Sound, but he was pcrfedly free from any kind of paint; and his lip had been perforated in an oblique direction, but at this vifit he hid not any kind of ornament in it. Many of the wtirds frequently ufed by the natives of the Sound, were repeated to him, but he did not feem to undcrfland any of them, owing cither to his igno- rance of the dialci^l, or our erroneous pronunciai!on. 7 A O4 mmi .1- Vi*^4 ■£'■■:'. :vilif|!i H 554 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ,V;iap,: t i On Monday, the 2 2d, the wind ftiiftcd to the S. E. and, as ufual, was attended with thick rainy weather. In the evening, fearing we might fall in with land, we hauled to tlie fouthward, till two the next morning, and then bore away well; yet wc made but little way. At five o'clock P. M. we had an interval of fun- fliinc, when we faw land bearing N. 59 dcg. W. On VVednefday, the 24th, at fix o'clock A. M. we (iiw the continent ; and at nine it extended from N. by E. to S. \V. by W. the neareft part diftant four leagues. The next morning we had clear weather, infomuch, thatwc clearly faw the volcano, the other mountains, and all the mam land under them. A large opening was likc- wife fecn between feveral iflands and a point of the land. We now rteered to the fouthward ; when, hav- ing got without all the land in fight, wc fteered well, the itlands lying in that diredion. By eight o'clock we had palFcd three of them, all of a good height i and more were now obfervcd to the weilward. In the af- ternoon, the weather became gloomy, and afterwards turned to a milV, the wind blowing frclh at eaft, we thcrctore hauled the wind to the louthward till day- break, on Friday the 26th, when we relumed our courlc to the welt. We derived but little advantage from day- light, the weather being fo thick that wc could not dil- cover objects at the diltance of a hundred yards ; but as the wind was moderate, we ventured to lun. About half an hour alter lour, the found of breakers alarmed us on our larboard bow. We brought the (liip to, and anchored in twenty-five fathoms water. The Uifco- veiywho was nut lardillant anchored alio. Some hours after, the log being a little difperled, we difcovercd the imminent danger wc had elcapcd. We were three quarters of a mile from the N. E. fide ot an illand : two elevated rocks were about half a le.igue from us, and from each ther. Several breakers alio appeared about them; and yet Providence had fafely condudtcd the (hips through in the dark, between thofe rocks, which wclhould not have attempted to have done in a clear day; and to lo commodious an anchoring-place, which, on account of our miraculous elcape, icccived the name of Providence Bay. During the night, the wind blew frclh at fouth, but in the morning was more moderate, and the tog, in a great meafurc dilpeifed. At fevcn o'clock, wc weighed, and llcercd between the illand near which we had anchored, and a fmall one not far trom it. The breadth ot the channel docs not ex- ceed a mile, and the wind failed before wc could pals through it. We were therefore glad to anchor m 34 fathoms water. Land now prclcnted itfell in every Oi- rcdion. That to ihc fouth extended, in a ridge of mountains, to the S. U . which wc afterwards found to be an illand, called Oonalalhka. Between tins, and the land to the north, which we fuppofcd to be a group ot iflands, there appeared to be a cnaniicl in a N. W. di- rection. On a point, well from the fhip, and at a dit- tance of three quaiters of a mile, wc perceived feveral natives and their habitations. To this pla^c mc la^v t«o whales towed in, which we fuppofcd had jult been killed. A tew of the inhabitants came off, at difl'ercnt times, to the lliips, and engaged in a little trafiic wiili our people, but never continued with us above a quar- ter ol an hour at a tiMie. I'hey feemed, indeed, re- markably Ihy ; though ue could readily dilcover they were not uiiacquainttd with vcU'els, limilar, in fomc de- gree to ours, rhtir addreisexprellcd a degree ot po- sucnels which we had never experienced among any of t!ie lavage tribes. B.ing favoured, about one o'clock, I'. M. with a light breeze, and the tide ot flood, we weigl^ed, and Oirected our courl'e to the channel lafl mciuioned ; cx^teCting when we had palled through, either to hnd the land trend away to the northward, or that wc fhould difcovcr a paflage out to fca, to ihe weft ; .uul wc loon found wc were right in our conjcdiircs. Alter we had got u.ider fail, the wind veered to the N. aiul wc were obliged to ply. In the evening, the ebb made it necetTary lur us 10 anchor within three leagues ol uui lall llation. On Sunday, the eSth, at day.brcalc.wcgot again under nay, and were watted up the paflage by a light breeze 2 at fouth ; this was fuccccded by variable light air, from all directions. Wc had, however, a rapid iidv: ^nuut favour, and the Rcl'olution got through before the cbi) made. The Dilcovery was not equally fortunate, fur file was carried back, got into the race, and found j dlHiculty in getting clear of it. Being nowthiougti the channel, we obferved the land on one fide iicaiimir W. and S. W. and that on the other li !c to N. ' i,,,, encouraged us to hope that 'he continent had taken a new dirciition in our favou. Finding our watir ui.\ fhort, and expecting to be driven about in a rapid tut. without wind fuflicient to govern the fliip we llou 1 |,|f a harbour on the fouth fide of the pafliige, but were driven beyond it ; and, that we might not lie loraj back through the paflaj^c, anchored near the foutha:i Ihore, in 28 fathoms, and out of the reath of thi itrum tide, though even here it ran five knots m\ hv^.r. )'J thisltation we were vifkcd by feveral ol iht n.uivts, m feparate canoes, ihcy baitercd loine hllimg uiii,,,, .ncnts for tobacco. A young m.in amoiij^ ilaiu. vuiit his canoe, while he was along-lide of one ol our Iw.its. He was caught hold of by one of our people, but the canoe was taken up one of his couiitrynitn, aiul or- riedaftior'-. Inconfequcnteof this accident, the m);i;!i was ouligee to come into the fliip, where he acapiij an invitation into the cabin, without any fuij)] /t ';.- embarraH'ment. He had on an upper garment, mc;ii. blinga Ihirt, made of the gutofa whale, or lomeoiiitf large fea-animal. Under this he had another ol th.c fame form, madeof the fkins of birds witli the tctiiuij on, curioully Icwcd together; the feathered (itL' iilaid next the Ikin. It was patched with feveral j.kLuiji' tilk llutf, and his cap was embcllifhcd with gLirs Uadj. His cloaths being wet, we fuinilhed him with (uiu;: ui our own, which he put on with as much rc.idi .els jswc could have done. Froni the behaviour of this ^outh, and that oi feveral others, it evidently appcari-.l t:uc thefe people were no llrangcrs to Kiiropeans, .uui tu many of their culloms. Something in the appc.uar.Lc ot our Ihips, hoRcver, grc.ttly excited their ciinolity; for, fuch as had not canoes tobring tiiem off, alkiiib;ij on the neighbouring hills to have a view of thcin. At low water wc towed the Ihip into the harbour, whtrc wc anchored in nine fathoms water, the Dilcovery ar- riving foon after. A bo.it was now fent otf to draw the feme, but we caught only a few trout, and Ibim: uiiicr Imall fill). We had fcarce anchoied, when a nativnit the ifland brought another note on bond, liimlario that which had been given to Captain Lliikc. He prefciitcd it to our Commodore, but as it was written in the Rulfian language neither he, nor any ol our tuiu- pany, could read it. As it could not tx ol any "It to us, and might be of conlequence to others, t afjiam Cook retuiiud it to the beaiti, accompaiikd wiiti a fewpreienis; firwhicn iK-expulLa hs iwanks, as he retired, by Irvtral low bow». On the 29th «c faw along the thorc, a grmip of the natives ol both llxis, fcattd on the giafs, pai taking ol a repall of taw liili, which they leemc>l to nlilli exceedingly. VVe wcie tietained by liiick togs and a contrary wind, till Ihurl- day the 2d of July, in this harbour. It is called by the natives Samganoodha, and is fituated on the nurth liJc ot the illand of Oonoiaihka, in lat. 53 deg. 55 mm. long. lyj deg JO min. and in the llrau which Kparaics this illand Iroiii thole to the noith. It is about a inilo broad at the entranv, and runs in about lour iiiiks S. by \V, It Harrows towards the head, the bicaJtli there not exceeding a quarter of a mile. Plenty olgmKl water may be procured heic, but not a flick ol wood uf any kind. On Thurfday, the 2d of July wc Itccred from the harlx)ur of Samganoodha, having a gentle hrtew at S, S. E, to the northward, and met with nothing toob- tlruCt our courle: tor on the one fide the Ifle ol Oona. lalhka trended S. W. iind on the other, no land was to be Icen in a direction more northerly than N. li. all which land was a continuation of the fame group uf ifiands that wc had fallen in with, on the sjihot the preceding month. That which is fituated before Sam- ganoodha, and conllituies the north-eatlern tide of the palfjige, COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAC L .r., the PACIFIC OCEAN, 6cc. 5Ji \i by variable liglit ail, iroin lowevcr, a rapid tidem,,^,^ got through bcloretliecbi, s not equally foriiiiiatf, (or iiKo the race, aiut found a It. Being now through the land on one lide iicii.n.ii; 1 the other li Ic to N. ' j m t 'he continent hud lakm j Finding our watir ,,,;i Iriven about in a rapid luj. ;overn the lliip wt lUm\Un le ot the pallage, but were at »c might not he i„rt(j anchored near the louitui;, )Utot the reach of ihiitron, .m live knots aw ii,,,.r. )" by leveridot ihe n.uivu, „, itercd loinc lilhiiig uii|,i„ ngm,innnioii^thuii,,vuia ng-lide ol one ot our bo.iis. one ot our peojilc, but n,,! ( his coui)try:i,tn, and cjn col this accident, the ^miih ihelhip, where he acciptij n, without any lun)i,/.c ,..- n an upper garmnir.uicin! ^utola «hale, orr(inicouii.f this he had another ji n,; nsof birds with thck.uimj cr i the leathered (i.;c .,|,uj tchcd withfcvend |,uu»,4 mbclliflied with gi.iis Uads. fuinilhed him with (uiii;: ui vith as much re.uli ids « hc he behaviour of this youih, it evidently appeared tiut igcis to Kuiopeans, and tu Jinetliing in the appcirancc atly excited their cur.Diuv ; to bring them oil; alieuib.id have a view ol them. At lip into the harbour, where ns water, the Dilcovct) jr. vas now lent oil to driw ihc 1 few trout, and loiiii: uin'r anchoied, when » lutivtot r note on bond, liimlario n to Captain LliiKc. He lore, but as it was «rittinm cr he, nor any ol our tuni- could not Oc ot M\y lie to quence to others, t,,ip:ain aici, accoinpaiikd wiiti a i.'xpii(Ija h.s luanks, a he »• Ol) the njiU «c faiv the natives ol buih kxa, ng id a repall of raw liili, h exceedingly. VV'c weie contrary wind, till lliufl. irbour. It is called by the s fituated on the north lide , in lai. 53 deg. 55 mm. 11 the Itraii which llpjiaui north. It IS abiuu a mile runs in about lour iiiilu Js the head, the bicadih ■of a mile, i'leiiiy olgmid but not a llick ol wuud u( pillitiSi through which we came, is called OoneHa j Ijn.iuscircumlerenccis 21 miles. Another ifland, lying Ito the northward of it, bears the name of Acootan : it liiinucli fuperior in lizc to Oonella, and h.is in it fome v-iv lol'cy mountains, at this time covered with fnow. I It appeared that we might have palFed with great I'al'ety bcuvtxn thclb two illands and the continent, whole Lath-wcllern point opened oft' the north-eaftern point |o! Acootan, and proved to be the fame point of land I ,i,^t wc had difcerncd when we left the coaft of the con- [incnt, the 25th of June, in order to go withouc the iflands. It is called by the natives Oon;mack ; and is liiiuicd in lat. 54 dcg. -jo min. long. 192 deg. _jo min. I £. Over the Cape, which is high land, we pciceived larounJ elevated mountain, at prcfent covered with llnow. At fix o'clock A. M. this mountain bore E. hdi'i'. N. and two hours afterwards not any land was to bclceii. Concluding, therefore, thht the coall ol the Icontincnt had now inclined to the north eallward, wc Iftccred the fame courfe till one o'clock the following Imorning, when the watch (lationed on deck gave mti- Iniaiion of their feeing land. Upon this we wore, u.id I lor the fpacc of about two hours liood towards the S. W. lalier which we renewed our courfe to the K. N. E. At |li\«edilcovcred landa-hcad, bearing S. K. diftant five Hi. As we advanced we difcovercd a connected IchJmotland. At noonwc perceived that it extended |fr>MiS. S. W. to E. the part ncarelt to us being at the IdiiiJiiccof live leagues. We now obferved in lat. <; 5 Id.g. 21 nun. long. 1 95 deg. I 8 mm. E. At lix o'clock l.^ \1. we founded, and found a bottom of black land, ■at tiK depth of +8 tathoins. At this time we were lour jlij 'lies If iin the land, and its caltcrn part in light was ■ in icie dinction of E. S. E. to appearance an elevated liouiiil hummock. On Saturday the 4th, at eight o'clock, A. M. we faw Ithe coall Irom S. S. W. and E. by S. and at intervals we Icould dilccrn high land behind it, covered with inow. Isoon alter wc had a calm, when all hands were employed lintilhing; and as our people were now put on two thirds lailowancc, what e.ich catched he might cat or kll. For- Itunatc for thim, they caught fome tons ot tine hih, Iwhich proved a molt fealonabic fupply j tor the tliip IprDvilions, what with fait and maggots eating into the Ibccf and pork, and the rats and the weavils devouring jthe heart of the bread, the one was little better than pu- liridrtelh, and the other, upon breaking, would crumble |i:i.)dull. Among the tilh we caught with hook and 1 i'.e, were a great number of excellent cod. At no<)n Ivc had .in caltcrly breeze and clear weather, when we |v ore about lix leagues from the land, which extended llioiu S. by \V. to E. by S. and the hummock, Icen ihe Ipitading evening, bore S. W. by S. nine leagues lililLint. A great hollow fwcll convinced us, that there l«asno main land wellward near us. At fix o'clock, 11'. M. wc ftccrcd a northeily courfe, when the wind Jviniiig to the S. E. enabled us to Iteer E. N. E. The Imdl lay in this direction, and the next day, at noon, |^*..i lour leagues diHant. On the 6th and 7th we made Ibut little way, the wind being nariherly. On Wcdnef- lu.thcSih.'thcco.dl extended from S. S. VV. to E. by ' and was all low land, and it is not improbable that [ihisexiends to a conlidcrabledillance towards the S. VV. liid mat ihofe places which we lometimes fuppofed to mil ts or bays, are nothing more than valleys between |he uiountaiiis. I his day we hooked plenty of fine cod. Ol) Thurlilay the 9th, in the morning, having a liruzc at .N. W. we IKered E. by N. in order to make a larerapjKonch to the coad. At noon we obferved in jiaiitu ic 57 dcg. /)9 mm. long. 201 deg. 33 min. E. at pcdiltanceol two leigues Imm land, which was ob- fiived to extend from S. by l-i. to N. E. being all a low Tiall, with points projCL'ting in feveral places. In ad- 'v.mcmgtowaid-i the N. E. we had found that the depth ol water gradually decreafed, and the coalt trended niiire and more northerly ; but we obferved the ridgc pinujuntains behind it continued to lie in the fame nitcohonaj thole that were more wellerly i (o th; r the pint ot the low land between the coall and ih , foot M tlic mountains inlcnlibly increafcd. Both ' ,ic low and high grounds were totally deltitute of wood, but apparently covered with a green turf, the mouiita.ns excepted, which were covered with fnow. As we pro- ceeded along the coall, with a light wtfterly bneze, the water (lioaled gradually from fifteen to ten fath .ms, tliough we were eight or ten miles diltant from the fliore. About eight o'clock 'in the evening a lolty mountain, which had Ijcen fome time within light, bore S. E. by E. diltant twenty-one leagues. Se:viTaI other niountams, forming the lame chain, and much turther diltant, bore E. 3 dig. .\. Fhe coaft was fcea to extend as lar as N. E. hall N. where it feemed to terminate in a point, beyond which it was both our hope and cxpedation that it would afiUme a more eaftcrly dircdion. But not long afterwards we perceived low land, that extended Irom behind this point, as far as N. W. by VV. where it was loll in the horizon; and behind it wc dillerncd high land, appearing in hills detached from each other. 1 hus the line profpcd wc had ol getting to the northward, vanifhed in an inltanr. We Hood on till nine o'clock, and then the point be- lore-menioncd was one league dirtant, bearing N. E* half E. Behind the point is a river, which, at its en- trance, feemed to be a mile in brc-dth. The water appeared IbinLwhat difcolourcd, as upon llioals ; but a calm would have given it a limilar a pedt. It feemed to take a winding direction, through the extmlive Hac which lies between the chain of mountains towards the .S. E. and the hills to the north-wcllward, It abounds, wc apprehend, with I'almon, as many of thole filh were I'etn leaping before the entrance. The month of this river, which we dillinguilhcd by the name of Briltol Kivcr, lies in lat. j8 deg. 27 min. and in long. 201 deg. i5 mm. E. On the loth at day-break wc made fail tothc \V. S. W. with a light breeze at N. E. At eleven o'clock A. M. thinking that the coall towards the N. VV. terminated in a point, bearing \. VV. by \V. we ftccrcd lor thac point, having ordered the Difcovcry to keep a-head ; t)ut betore that velFel h id run a mile, Ihe imde a fignal tor llioal water. At tliat very tune we bad the depth ot feven fathoms, yet belore we could get the head of our Hup the other way, we had lets .han live; hut the Dillovery's foundings were lefs than lour fathoms. We now ftood back three miles to the N. E. but ob- ferving a Itrong tide letting to the W. S. W. in a di- rection tothc ilioal, we brought the Ihips to anchor in ten lathoiiis, over a fandy bottom. Two hours after the water tell upwards of two feet, which proved thac it was the tide of ebb that came from Briltol Kiver. In the atternoon the wind having Ihilted to the S. W, we weighed at four o'clock, and made fail towards the S. having feveral boats a-head employed in founding. When wc had palFtd over the foiiih end of the Ihoal, in fix fathoms water, we afterwards git into I'llucn fa- thoms, in which we let go our alienors again between eight and nine in the evening j fome parr of the chain ot mountains on the fouth-eallern lliore being in light, and bearing S. E, half S. and the mod wellerly Ian ion the other Ihore bearing N. VV. In the coiirle of tins day we haddcfcried high land which iiore N. 60 deg. VV. On Saturday the iiih, at two o'clock A. M. wc weighed anchor, with a gentle breeze at S. VV. by VV. and plied to windward (ill nine, when judging the Hood tide to beagainit us, weancnored in twenty-four fathoms. At one o'clock P. M the fog, that had this morning prevailed, dilpeiiing, ind the tide becoming favourable, wc weighed ami piied to the fouth-welt- waid. 'i'owards the evening we had fome thunder. We had heard none before from the time of our arrival on this coalt, and what we now heard was at a great dillance. In the morning of the 1 2th we lleered a N. VV. courfe, and at ten o'clock law the continent. At noon it extended from N. E. by N. to N. N. VV. quarter W. and an elevated hill appeared in the di- rection of N. N. W. diltant ten leagues. I'his sve lo-;nd to be an illand, to which, on account ol its lig uc, Captain Cook gave the name of Knunu Illand. It is lituated in the latitude of 58 deg. 37 mm. and in lon- gitude 200 dcg. 6 min, E. dillant from the coiuinent: fcven 1 Ip ' • -m if- ; ' ' '^h :|j ,' ■•'■ .;:P '^'*i''''^'^ A^f s'i . i ' % ' i%i 556 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. W' feven milis. At nine in the evening, having lleercd a northerly courfc to within three Iragues of the Ihore, VIC tacked in fourteen fathoms ; the extremities of the coaft bearing S. E. half E. and W. We (Iretched along r.iorc till two the next morning, when wc (uddcnly got into fix fathoms water, being at the fame time two leagues from fliore. After we had edged off a little, our depth of water gradually incrcafed, and at noon we founded in twenty fathoms. Round Ifland at this time bore N. 5 deg. E. and the wellern extreme ol the coart N. 1 6 deg. W. It is an elevated point, and hav- ing calm weather while we were oil" it, for this reafon it was named Calm Point. On the 1 4th and 1 5th, hav- ing little wind, we advanced but flowly. At times a very thick fog came on. Our foundings were from twenty-fix to fourteen fathoms. We had pretty good fuccefs in fifliing, for wc caught plenty of cod and lome flat fidi. On Thurfday the 1 6th, at five o'clock A. M. the fog clearing up, wc found ourfelves nearer the fhorc than we expcd(d. Calm I'oint bore N. 72 deg. E. and a point about eight leagues from it, in a wefterly diredtion, bore N. 3 deg. E. only three miles diftant. Between thefe two points the coaft forms a bay, in feveral parts of which the land could fcarccly be feen from the maft-head. Another bay is on the norih-weftcrn fide of the lall- mentioned point, between it aod a high promontory, which now bore N. 36 deg. W, at the dirfance of fix- teen miles. About nine o'clock the Commodore- dif- patchcd Lieutenant Williamfon to this promontory, with orders to go a(hore and obferve what diredtion the coad took beyond it, and what might be the pro- duce of the country ; which, when viewed from the Ihips, had but a (lerilc appearance. We here found the flood-tide fettingfirongly towards the N. W. along the coall. At noon it was high water, and we cad anchor at thediHancc of twelve miles from the Ihorc, in twenty- four fathoms. About five in the afternoon, the tide beginning to make in our favour, wc weighed, and drove with it, there being no wind. When Mr. Wil- liamfon returned, he reported that he had landed on the point, and having alcended the mod elevated hill, found that the mod diilant pan of the cuatl in fight was nearly in a northerly direction. He took pollef- fion of the country in the name of his Britannic Ma- jedy, and left on the hill a bottle containing a paper, on which the names of our (Iiips and of their com- manders, and the date of thcdifcovery, were infcribcd. "The promontory, which he named Cape Newcnham, is a rocky point, of confiderable height, and is featcd in latitude 58 deg. 42 min. and in longitude 107 deg. 36 mm. K. Over, or within it, two lofty hill:> arife one behind another, of which the innermoft, or cafternniod, is the highcd. The country, as far as Mr. Williamfon could difcern, produces not a fingle tree or fhrub The hills were naked, but on the lower grounds thei grew grafs and plants of various kinds, very few of which were at this time in flower. The Lieutenant met with no other animals than a doc with her fawn, and a dead fea.horfe or cow that lay on the beach : of the latter animals we had feen a contidcrable number from the (hips. Cape Ncwenham is the north- ern boundary of the exientivc gulph or bay fituated be- fore the river BriAol, which, in honour of the Admi- ral, Earl of Bridol, received from the Commodore the diflindtion of Briflol Bay. Cape Ooneemak forms the fuuthern limit of this bay, and is eighty-two leagues diilant, in thedircdlinn ol S. S. W. from Cape Ncwen- ham. At eight o'clock in the evening we fleered to the N. W. and N. N. W. round the cape, which at noon the next day was four leagues diftant, bearing S. by. £. The mod advanced land lo^tards the north, bore N. 30 deg. E. and the niarefl part of the coaft was three leagues and a half diflanc. During the afternoon there was but little wind, fo that by ten o'clock in the even- ing we had only proceeded three leagues on a northerly cuuife. Saturday the 18th, at eight o'clock A. M. wc were fleering N. by W. when the depth of water fuddcnly dccrealid to feven and five fathumi; on which account wc brought to, till a boat from each of the ftilps «„ fcnt a-head to found, and then we fleered to the N. t. At ntx>n, when the water deepened tofeventeen fathomg Cape Ncwenham was twelve leagues diflant, bearini' S. 9 deg. E. the norch-eaflern extremity of the hnWn dg*" bore N. 66 deg. E. and the dillancc of the ncaroit Ihore was four leagues. Our latitude was 59 dig. 5 min. N. Before one o'clock the boats a-head dilpUvdi the fignal for ftioal-water. They had only two fathoms- but at the fame time the ftiips were in fix. By haulini; more to the north, wc continued nearly in the lame depth till between live and fix o'clock, when ourlwais finding lefs and Icfs water, Captain Cook made the lii-, nal to the Difcovery, which was then a-head, to cjll anchor, and both (hips foon came to. In bringing up the Reiblution, her cable parted at the clinch, lo thji we were obliged to make ufe of the other anchor. Wc rode in 6 fathoms water, over a bottom of fand, at the diltanceofabout five leagues from the continent. (W Newcnham now bore S. diflant 16 leagues. The Ut. theft hills we could perceive towards the north, bore N. E. by E. and low land ftretchcd out from the moie elevated parts as far as N. by E. Without thit there was a fttoal of flones and fand, dry at half ebb. The two maders having been fcnt, cai.h in a boat, to found between this (hoal and the coaft, reported, on their re. turn, that there was a channel, in which the foundiiigi were 6 and 7 fathoms, but that it was rather lurrot and intricate. At low water, wc attempted to get j hawfcr round the loft anchor, but did not then fuccctd: however being refolved not to leave it behind ui, while there remained the profpccl of recovering it, we per- fevered in our endeavours; and at length, in thecven« ing of the 20th, we had the dcfircd fuccefi. While thus employed, the Commodore ordered Qptiin Clerke to fend his mader in a boat to fearch for a ptf. fage in a S. W. diredlion. He accordingly did fo, but could find no channel in that quarters nor did it ap. pear, that there was any other way to get clear of the Ihoals, than by returning by the fame track in which wc had entered : for though, by following the channel wc were now in, wc might, perhaps, have got farther down the coaft ; and though this channel might have probably carried us at laft to the northward, clear of the Ihoals, yet the attempt would h^vc been attended with extreme hazard , and, in cafe of ill-fuccefs, there would have been a great lols of time, that we could not con- veniently fpare. Thefe reafons induced the Commo- dore to return by the way which had brought us in, and thus avoid the flioals. The latitude of our prcfent Ita- tion, by lunar oblervation.'!, was 59 deg. 37 min. p fee. N. and our longitude 197 deg. 45 min. 48 lec.li. The mod northern part of the coaft that we could dif- cern from this ftation, was fuppofcd to he firuatc in lat. 60 deg. It formed, to appearance, a low point, to which was given the name of Shoal Nefs. The tide offloodfets to the northward, and the ebb to the fouth- ward : it rifes and falls five or fix feet upon a perpendi- cular, and wc reckon that it is high water at eight o'clock on the full and change days. On Tuefddy the 21ft, at three o'clock A. M. having a gentle breeze at N. N. W. wc fct fail, with three boats a-hcad employed in founding. Notwithflanding this precaution, wc met with greater difficulty in re- turning than we had in advancing; and were at length under the ncceinty of anchoring, to avoid the dinjici of running upon a Ihoal that had only a depth of fix feet. While we lay at anchor, twenty-fevcn Amen- cans, each in a feparatc canoe, came off to the Ihipt, which they approached with fome degree 0: cauticn, As they advanced they hallooed, and extended then arms; thereby intimating, as we underftotKl, their peaceable intentions, and how cordially they wercrcad)r to receive us. Some of them at laft came near enough to receive a few trifling articles, which wc threw to ^ them. This gave encouragement to the others to ven- ture aiong-fide ; and a traffic quickly commenced b^ twccn them and our people, who obtained wooden vcITcls, bows, darts, arrows, drcflcs of Ikini, &c. a exchange for which the natives accepted whatever « ertiiN ■'k*.,i'»J8ll4_ E T E. rom each of the lliips »a, »en we Itccred to the N'. t. pened tofeventccn fathoms, 'e leagues dillant, bcarini| rn extremity of the l^nljn J the diilance of the narclj ur latitude was 59 dig. (, c the boats a-head dirpla)(d rhey had only two fathoms 1 >s were in lix. By hauline itinued nearly in the fanx; fix o'clock, when ourlwats Captain Cook made the lig. h was then a-hcad, to all I came to. In brinj^ing uu irted at the clinch, fu thjt :of the other anchor. Wc ^er a bottom of fand, at the s from the continent. Cape [tant 16 leagues. The tar- c towards the north, bore tretched out from the more )y E. Without thii there ind, dry at half ebb. The n, ciuh in a boat, to found oaft, reported, on their re- icl, m which the foundiiigi that it was rather narrot !T, we attempted to get t r. but did not then fuccctd: to leave it behind ui, while I of recovering it, we pet. and at length, in the cv(n< ic dcfircd fucceft. While imodore ordered Capiiin 1 a boat to fcarch for a pif. He accordingly did fo, but lat quarter t nor did it ip. her wav to get clear of the y the fame track in which , by following the channel perhaps, have got farther ;h this channel might have the northward, clear of the d have been attended wiih e of ill-fuccefs, there would ne, that we could not con. fons induced the Comrao. hich had brought us in, and latitude of our prefent lb. was 59 dcg. 37 min. jo 97 deg. 45 min. 48 fcc.L he coaft that we cuuM dif- fuppofed to be fltuatc in appearance, a low point, le of Shoal Nefs. The tide i, and the ebb to the fouih- or fix feet upon a perpcndi- it is high water at eight ge days. hrce o'clock A. M. having V. wc fct fail, with three imding. Notwithftanding th greater difficulty in re- mcing ; and were at length •ring, to avoid the dinjier t had only a depth of hu hot, twenty-feven AiTien- oe, came off to the (hipi, :h fome degree ( ' lauiicn, oocd, and extended their as wc underttood, their I w cordially they were ready n at lad came near enough icles, which wc threw to ] ;mciit to the others to vcn- Tie quickly commenced I* le, who obtained wooden », drcflcs of (kins, &c. in ivcs accepted whatever « erttied f-. te =\ A SMf !!;?i? m ll ilJV./fi 1 mm- mimk 'O ■jHE ■MIb! t|w« ■liir' '■.m mfm'! ''1 if ^ 4 H- M ■ili^f Inill Mr ip' ^^ 11': iifi fil./ COOK'S Ti kD ami LAST VOYAGE-To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c 557 >r> offered them. They appeared to be the Hirtie fort of Dcnple with thofe wc haa met With all along this coaft i ^d they wore in their lips and nofcs the fame forti of ornaments I -ut they were not fo well clothed, and ,crc much mdre dirty. We thoughc them to be per- lt&.\y unacquainted with any civilised nation t they were ignorant of the ufc of tobacco ; nor did wc obfervc in their pofTelTlon any foreign article, unlefs a knife may be confidcred as fuch. This indeed was nothmg more thin a piece of common iron fitted in a handle made ofy/mod, fo as to fcrve the purpofe of a knife. How- ever, thc'c people underOood fo well the value and ufe of this inftrument, that it fccmed to be almoft the only jriicic they thought worth purchafmg. The hair of moll of them was (haved, or cut (hort off, a few locks Ijcini; left on one fide and behind. They wore for a foverint? on their heads, a hood of ikins, and a bonnet f«tningly nwf'c of wood. One part of their drefs, which wc procured, was a kindof girdle of (kin, made in a very neat manner, with trippings depending from It and pairing between the thighs, fo as to conceal the iHjaccnt parts. From the ufc of this girdle, it is probable, that they fomctimcs go in other refpedts na- [c(] even m this high northern latitude; for it can fcircely be fuppofcd that they wear it under their other cinaihini;. Their canoes were covered with fkins, like ihofe we had lately feen ; but they were broader, and the hole wherein the perfon fits was wider tian in anv of thole we had before met with. Our lioats rc- lurninR from founding gave them fome alarm, fo that they all departed fooncr than perhaps they othcrwifc «ould have done. Oil Wcdncfday the aid, we got clear of the Oioals, .« we could not venture to ffeer towards the well dur- ing the night, but fpcnt it off Cape Newenham. On the 2^d, at day-break, wc (food to the northward, the Difcovery being ordered to go a head. When wc had proceeded two leagues, our foundin^^s decrcafed to lix Ijihoms. licinR apprehenfive, that, if we continued thiS ct lol of 192 deg. 18 min. K. and in the lai. ol hj ,!r,' , mm. N". A north-eafterly breeze Ipii.i'iuj, •,■ t^ 1 o'clock, we weighed, ami made fail to tli.- luuili.fm ward, hoping to find a p illage be ween l:i;> N w" land and the coall, mar whuh wc had call ,iik,,| " the evening ol the oih. Hut wc«|iiii kly jun inKilcvcj fathoms »-atcr, and perci ived low lam* c(mnectifl."|u two coails, .ind the (lev-jttil lai.ut at four the rm morning it ileartd up, ami eiuLiled us to dilccrr. t.^lt ni ghboiinng land. A lolt\ lleep rock or illand Ut W. l>y S. another ill.ind to the noithwaid ct' ii_ ,^ conli.lcrably larger, bore W. by N. the pe.ikcj .„,| belore mentioned, .S. K. by E. and the point tha- *], under it, S. ;; deg. ]-,. Under this hill is fomei.u land, extending towards the K. \V. the extreme in) < of which was now about one Icaj^ic dillant, bc4nn» N. K. by £. Ovir it, and alfo beyond it, wcobfcncj foiiie high land, which wc imagined was a contnuj. lion of the con'inent. 'I'his (K)iiit of laml, which i;;f Commtxlore dillinguiUxd by the name of Cijh: \'nnf ot Wale», is the wcUern extreme 'it all Ainetici hi, therto known. It llan.ls t 1 the long, of iqi dc^.^- min. E. and in the lat. ot 65 deg. 46 mm. N, \C( fancied that we faw fomc people on the coilt; and [iff. haps wc Were not millaken in our liip[w»lition, « lomc elevations like llages, and othcni reicuiblm^ huiv were obfrrved at the lame (ilace. This niofninp « eight o'clock, a taint northerly bfccTc arilini;, »c weighed anchor; but our fails were fcarccly f«, Mhta It licgan to blow and ram with great violcncf, thot being at the fame time iiiilly weather. The windani current were in contrary dii^ctions, railing fuch a la that It often broke into the ftiip. Having pli^j ,„ wuidward with little ctfeCt till two o'clock in the it- ternoon, wc Hood tor the illand which wc had pa- ccived to the wcllward, intending to call aiKhoruiidi Some of us at firft, fuppofed this land to be a part tif the ifland of Alafchka, laid down in Mr. StKhlin's map before mentioned ; but from the appearance of the coalt, the fituation of the oppofuc ftiore of America, and from the longitude, wc loon conjcdurcd that It was, more probably, the country of the Tfchutlki, or the caftcrn extremity of Afia, explored by Beermp' in the year 1728. In admitting this, however, without farther examination, wc mull have pronounced Mr. Stxhlin's map, and his account of the new northern Archipelago, to be cither remarkably erroneous, even in latitude, or elfc to be a mere fidion ; a judgtnent which wc would not prcfumc to pafs, upon a publica- tion fo refpedlably vouched, w ithout producing the moft decilive proofs. Our party having remained with thcfe people between two and three hours, they returned on board 5 and, foon after, the wind becoming fouthcrly, wc weighed anchor. Hood out of the bay, and fleered to the N. E. between the coaft and the two iflands. At noon, the next day, Auguft 11, the former extended from S. 80 deg. VV. to N. 84 deg. W. the latter bore S. 40 dcg. W. and the peaked hill, over Cane Prmce ol Wales, bore S. 36 deg. E. The latitude of the (hip •»as 66 deg. 5 min. N. the longitude 1 91 deg. 1 9 min. ¥.. our foundings were 28 fathoms j and our poluion ncirly in the middle of the channel, between the two coirts, each being at the dilhnce of about fevcn leagues. From this Ihtion wc fleered to the eallward, in order to make a nearer approach to the American coaft. in this courfc the water gradually Ihoalcd; and there being very little wind, and all our endeavours to cncrcalc our depth failing, wc were ; ./iigcd at laft tocafl anchor in fix tathoms: which was the only remedy remaining, to prevent the fliips driving- into more fliallow water. The neareft partot the weilern land bore\V. i a leagues diftant ; the peaked mountain over Cape Prince of Wales, bore S. 1 6 deg. W. and the moll northern part ofthc American continent in fight, E. S. E. thediftancc of the ncarcfl part being about four leagues. Alter wc had anchored, a Iwat was difpatchcd to found, and the water was ioun 1 to (lioal gradually towards the land. While our Ihipt lay at anchor, which was from lix to nine in the cvenin^j, wc jwrrccivcd little or no current, nor did wc obftrve that the water role or fell. A nor- therly breeze fpringing up, wc weighed, and made lail to the wcdward, whic'. courfc foon brought us into deep water) an !, during the 12th, wc plied to the northward in lit;tit of both coafts, but wc kept ncarcll to that of Amcri-a. On the 1 3th, at four m the after- noon, a brcczj jiiiing at S, wc llcercd N. E. by N. till tour o'clock the next morning, when, feeing no land, wc dircfted our courfc E. by N. and between the hours of .line and ten, land appeared, which we fuppoird was a continuation ol the continent. It extended from E. by S. to E. by N. and, not long afterwards, we defcricd niorc land, bearing N. by E. Coming rather fuddenly into 1 3 fathoms water, at two in the afternoon, wc made a trip ofl (ill four, when we again flood in for the land i which, foon alter, we faw, extending Iroin N. to S. E. the nearefl part being at the diflance of three or four leagues. The coaft here forms a point, named by us Point Mulgravc, which is lituatcd in the latitude ot 67 deg. 45 nun. N. and in the longitude of 194 deg. 51 mm. E. The land feemcd to be very low near the ir;a, but a little farther it rifcs into hills of a moderate heighr; the whole was free from fnow, and apprcntly dcllitutc of wood. Wc now tacked, and bore away N. W. by VV. but, in a fliort time afterwards, thick weather, with rai.i, coming on, and the wind increaf- ing, we hauled more to the weflward. Saturday the 15th, at two o'clock A. M. the wind veered to S. W. by S. and blew a flrong gale, which -..'bated towards noon. Wc now flood to the N. £. till lix the next morning, when wc fleered rather more caflcily: 11 this run, wc met with fcveral fea-horfcs, and great numbers of birdsj feme of which rcfcmbled i'and-larks, and others were not larger than hedge- fparrows. Wc alio (aw (ome fliags, (o tnat we iudged wc were not far from land ; but, having a thi'^* fog, we could nut cxpciftto fccaiiy { and as the wirj blew Urong, I it was not deemed prudent to continue a courfe whir!] was molt likely to bring us to it. From the noon ot this diy, to fix o'clock in the morning of the tojlou, ing, wc IKcrcd E. by N. a courfc which brought us into fifteen fathoms water. Wc now fleered N. K. hy E. thinking, by fuCh a courfc, to incrcafc ourdepthof water. But in the fpacc of fix leagues, it Ihoalcd to 1 1 fathoms, which induced us to haul clofc to the wind, that now blew at W. About twelve o'clock both fun and moon were clearly feen at intervals, and we made fomc hafly obfcrvations for the longitude ■ which, reduced to noon, when the latitude was 70 dcg' 33 min. N. gave 197 deg. 41 rain. E. The time! keeper, for the fame time, gave 198 deg. In the fore, noon, we i)erceivcd a brightnefs in the ilortlicrn hori- zon, like that reHci.'tcd from ice, ufually called the blink. Little notiuc was taken of it, from a fuppoli. tion that it was improbable wc ftiould fo foon meet with ice. The fharpncfs of the air, however,' and gloomu ncfs of the weather, for the two -or three prectdinij days, feemcd to indicate fomc ."udden change. About an hour afterwards, the light of an cnomious niafs of ice, left us no longer in any doubt refpeding thccaufc of the brightnefs of the horizon. Between two anj three o'clock, wc tackrd clofc to the edge of the ice, in 22 fathoms Water, being then in the latitude of ;a deg. 41 mm. north, and unable toflandonany farther for the ice w.is pcrfcCllv impenetrable, and cxtcndcvi from W. by S. to E. by N. v.s laras the eye could loth. Here wc met with great n"mbers of fea-horfcs, fome of which were in the water, but far more upon the ice. The Commodore had thoughts of holding out the boats to kill fomc of thcfe animals : but, the » ind frcfticiiing, he gave up the delii>;n ; and we continued to ply towards the (outh, or rather towards the «cll, for the wind came from that quarter. Wc made no n;o. grcfs ; for, at twelve on the 18th, our latitude wai -0 deg. 44 mill, north, and wc were aJmofl five leagues far- ther to the cafl. We were, at prcfcnt, clofc to ihcedge ot the ice, which was as compact as a wall, and appeateJ tc be at Icafl ten or twelve feet in height : biit, tarther rorthward, 11 feemcd to be much higher, its furfjce was exceedingly rugged, and, in fcveral placci, welaw pools ol water upon it. Wc now flood to the (outh, ind, alter running fix leagues, ftioalcd the water to fe- vcn fathoms; but it foon incrrafcd to the depth of nine fathoms. At this time, the weather, which had been hazy, becoming clearer, wc faw land extending trora S. to S. E. by h. at the diflance of three or four miles. The caflcrn extremity form a point, which wasgreatl; encumbered with icc, on which account it was ililim- guilhcd by the name of Icy Cape. Its latitude u 73 deg: 29 min. north, and its longitude igK deg. 20 mm. call, fhe other extreme of th-: land was lull in the horizon ; and we had no doubt of its lacing a coniinuj. tion of the continent of Airv.'rica. The Difcovery be ing about a mile aflcrn, ami to leeward, met wiihicfj depth of water than wc did ; and tacking on ijiatac count, the Commoilorc was obliged to tack alfo, to pre- vent feparation. Our prcfcnt fituation was very cn- tical. Wc were upon a lee-(hore in (hoal M,iteri and the main body of the ice to windward, xm driving down upon us. It was evident, that if we continued much longer between it and the land, it wou' I force us afhorc, unlefs it ihould chance to take the giound be- fore us. It appeared almufl to jointhc land to leeward, and the only direction that was free from it w« to the fouin wcltward. After making a (hori board to the north. Captain Cook made a fignal for the Difci cry to tack, and his (hip tacked at the fame time. The wind proved in fome meafi>re favourable, fo that we lay up S. W. and S. W. by W. Wedncfday the 19th at eight in the morning, the wind veering to wefl, we tacked to the ncrrthwardi and, at twelve, the latitude was 70 deg. 6 min. north, and the longitude 196 deg. 41 min. eaii. In this fituation, wc had a confider. jIc quantity of drift tee about our (hipt, and the main icc was about two leagues to the north. Between one and two, we got in with the edge of it. it wu Icfs compact than that which we had obkrvtd to- :ontiniic a courlV which > it. From the noon ot morninjr of the follow. mrfc which brought us 'e now Ikcrcd N. K. by toincrcafc our depth of t leagues, it flioal«J (^ IS to haul clofc to the About twelve o'clock ly fecn at intervals, and Ions for the longitude • the latitude was 7odcff'. I rain. E. The timci ei98dcg. In the fore !fs in the northern hori- icc, ufually called the n of it, from a fuppofu ihould fo foon meet Mjth , however,' and gloomi. two -or three preceding .'uddcn change. Abou: of an enonnous nuGi of lubt refpeding the caufc on. Between two anJ to the edge of the ice, en in the latitude of ;a c to Hand on any farther. :nctrable, and extcndcJ ar as the eye could i«ch. 5ers of fca-horfci, fome but far more upon the houghts of hoiliinj; out animals: but, the « jnd ^n ; and wc continued to a- towards the well, for ter. Wc made no r;;o. 8th, our latitude wai -o re almoft fivf Ic.ij;ucs fir- prcfcnt, clofc to ihcedge ct as a wall, and appcareJ in height : bi.'i, larther uch higher. Its furfice in i'cveral places, wciiw now ftood to the fouth, (hoalcd the water lofc- afcd tothclcpthofninc leather, which had been iw land extending Iront c of three or four miles. ,ioint, which wasgreatlf account it was dilim- Its latitude u :h [h: Its latituoe u 70 gitudc igKdcg. jomin. land was lull in the of its lacing a coiiiinuj* ca. The Difcovcry be. leeward, met withlcfs nd tacking on ijiatac- igid to tack alfo,toprc- lituation was very en* ore in fhoal water; and «'i(Klward, A-as driving that if we continued e land, it wou' I force us to take thcgioundbe. join the land to leeward, free from it was to the )g u (bori board to the nal for the Difct cry to fanK tinne. The wind -able, fo that wc lay up It It in the morning, the to the northward; and, g.d min. north, andthc . In this fituation, we irifc ice about our Ihipt, leagues to the north. 1 with the edge of it. it h wc Iwd obkrvcd to- IK T ir i^ '' A M-ll* 5 ',f 7 J/'.ii , Military >f !' I'fti . Uifii/f.iiirtUr y Ii' /)/,/i4iti //,- lii'ii/ //. ///. tfinn4i/,tM,/ /', . Iiiiif.. Hull- tl.lJiii'itiit.ii .hmti.u''t.n.'ii,l lii'i-h lli-K.ll -3^^L^^ /.I. //.III,/,-/. l/,-/d; I ,>>//,./ f/., f{, f/,/. if.w "Ur^ W^ cook's THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the I'ACIFIC OCEAN, fee. 561 I' ,)s thi- north; but it was too dole, and in too lar"e I mvi ;o aiicmpt forcing the Ihips throiii;h it. VVc faw ,, .,iii,i/.ing number ot fca-horlfs on the ice, and as • Hire in want of frefti provilions, the bo.its from I, iiup were difpatclud to procure fome of tliem. 1! even in the evening, we h;id received, on board the Rijl.tion, nine of thcle animals; which, till this time, v«- liul ruppofed to be fea-cuws ; fo that we were greatly liiippDinted, particularly fome of the failors, who, on ,,,!U!i: i>l the novelty of the thi .,;, had been fealbng ' I eves for fome days pall. Nor would they n iw livi: hi;cn difappointed, nor have known the dillcr- icc if there had not been two or three men on board, lio'hJd been in Greenland, and declared what ani- L s thefc were, and that no perfon ever eat of them. N,u«MthllanJinK this, we made them lerve us for pro- Mlions, and there were few of our people who did not ,,.fir them to our hh meat. I he fat ot tlicf' animals ■■at hrrt, i>!= 'wcct as marrow; but, in a few days, it be- a'mics rancid, unlcf^ it is failed, in which Hate it will keep much longer. The lean flelh iscoarfeand blackilli, id has a rtrong tallc ; but the heart is almoll as well tided as that ot a bullock. The fat, when melted, alVords 1 good quantity of oil, which burns very well in lamps; and their hides, which arc of great thick- ntfs were extremely ufcful about our rigging. The ncth ortulks, of moll of the. n were, at this iimc, ol a'vc'ry f'"*" ''^'■'' *^^'*^" '"'"'-" *''^'^*^ l.irg<--a and oldcll of thcle animals, had them not exceeding halt a loot in iieth. Hence we concluded, that they had lately ihed t'hoir old teeth. They lie upon the ice in herds ot ,„,ny hundreds, huddling like fwiiie, one over the other ; r, 1 they roar very loud ; fo that in itie night, or when i^-c weather *vas fojjgy. they gave us notice of the vici- nity of the icc, bclore wc could difccrn it. We never touml the whole herd lleeping, (ome of them being con- Ihiitly upon ihe watch, liicft-, en the approach of ih- bMi would awake thofe that were next to them; ani the al.irni being thus gradually ccmmunicated, the whole herd would prcfently Ik awakr. However, they worcfeldom in a hurry to get away, bclore they had bcc;i once fired at. Then they would lall into the lea, one over the other in the utinoll conlulion ; ind, if wc ilil not happen, at the firll difchargc. to kill thofe we Ij.J at, w generally lod them, though mortally ttoiindcd. I'hey did not appear to us to be fo danger- oin as fome authors have reprcfentcd them, not even »hcn thcv were attacked. They arc, indeed, more fo, in appearance, than in reality. Vail multitudes of ihcm would follow, and come clofc up to the boats ; hut ihc flafli of a mulket m the pan, or even the mere r, inting of one at them, would fend them down in a . irnrnt. The lemalc will defend her young one to ,■ ' very lall, and at the cxpcnce of her own life, w he- , r upon the ice or in the water. Nor will the young ;)!• uitthedam, though (lie (hould have been killed; I «;>', if you delfroy one, you arc lure of the other. in ni, when in the water, holds her young one bc- iwctn her fore tins. Mr. Pennant, in his Synoplis of Ojidriipods, has given a very gotkl del; ription ol this animal under the nam* ol the Arctic Walrus. Why it Ihmild he called a fca-horfe, is dilhcult to determine, unlcfs the wiird be a corruption ot the Uulli.in name M>irfe; tor they do not in the kail rcfeinble a hoife. Ir IS, tioubtlefs, the fnme animal that is foond in the Giilph of St. Lawrence, and there called a fea-cow. It IS certainly more like a cow than a horle: but this re- fcmblanceconfilh in nothing but the liiout. in Ihort, it 11 an animal not unlike afeal, but incomparably laiger. it.' length of one ol them, which was none ot ihe Lirncft, was nine feet four inches from the fnout to ttie till; thecircuinlcrcntc ot its body at the ihoulder, was li viu IcTt ten inches ; its circumference near the hinder lins was five leet tix inches, and the weight oi the car- cafe, wiiliout the head. Ikin, or cntiails, was iight hun- ilrcl and fiftv-four pounds. The heail ^^'eighcd t'.ii iy one pouiuls and a lull, and the Ikin two hunarcd and tivcptiuiuls. It may not be improper to remark, that, forliiine days before this linte, wc hadolien lien fiock.s of iliickn Hying co the i'uuih, They were of two fpc- N0.68. cies, the one much larger than the 01 her. The larger fort was of a brown colour ; and ot the fiiiall fort, either the duck or drake was black and white, and the other brown. Some of our people faid that they alio f.iw geefe. This Teems ro indicate, that there mull be land to the northward, where thefc buds, in thi' proper lea- fon, liivl Ihelter for breeding, and whence thi^y were now on their return to a warmer climate. After we had got our fca-horfes on boart', we were, in a manner, furroundcd with the ice; rnd had ikj means of clearing it, but by llecring to the fouthward, which we dni till three o'clock the next rr.orning, with a light wellerly brctzc, and, in general, thick, foggy weather. Our Ibundings were from 12 to t 5 fathoms-. We then tacked and ifood to the northward till ten o'clock, when the wind (hitting to the N. wclloo.l loihc W. S. W. and W. Attwoiii thcafrernoon, wefcil inwr.h the main ice, and kept along the edge of it, being partly directed by the roaring of the fea-horfcs, for w« had an exceeding thick f,)g. Thus we cniuinued lading till near midnight, when we got in among the loole pieces of icc. The wind being ea'.lerly, and the fog very thick, wc now haukd to the Aiuthward ; and, ac ten the next morning, the weather cloiring up, we tiiw the American continent, extending from S. by E. to E. by S. and, at noon, from S. W. half S. to K. the dil- tance of the neareft part being live leagues. We were at prefcnt in the latuuic of 69 deg. 32 min. N.and 111 the longitude of 195 deg. 4S min. E. and, as the main icc Was not tar from us, it is evident, that it now co- vered a ()irt ot the Tea ; which, a few days beloie, had been tree from it; and that it extended tarther towards the S. than where we firit tell in with it. During the alternoon we had but little wind ; and the mafter was fent in a boat to obferve whether there was any current, but he found none. We continued to Ilecr for the American land till eight o'clock, in order to obtain a nearer view of ir, and to fearch lor a harbour ; but fee- ing nothing that had the appearance of one, we again llood to the N. with a gentle \.e!terly brcc/.c. At this time, the coaft extended from S. W. to E. the nearelt part being at thedirtance of four or five leagues. Tlic fouthcrn extreme fecmed to form a point, to which ilic name ot Cape Litburne was given. It is tituate in the latitude of 69 deg. 5 nun. N. and in the longitude of 1 9+ deg. 42 mm. E. and appeared to be tolerably high land, even down to the iCd ; b'.,t there may be low land under it, which we might not then fee, being not lefs than ten leagues didant from it. In almoft every other parr, as we advanced to the north, we had found a low coalt. from which the land rifcs to a moderate height. The coart now before us was free from fnow, e.\cept in one or two places, and had a greenifh hue. But wc could not difcem any wood upon it. Saturday the zjd, the wind was foutherly, and the weather for the moll prt foggy, with fome intervals of lunthine. At eight in the evening, wc had a calm, which continued till midnij;ht, when we heard the furgc of the fea dalhing againft the icc, and had many loolc pieces about us. A light piece now arofeat N. E. and the fog being very thick, wc ftcered to the S. to get clear ot the ice. At eight the next morning, the tog difperfed, and wc hauled towards the W. for the Com- modore tinding we could not get to the N. near the coad, by realbn of the icc, refulved to try what could be done at a dillance from it; and as the wind fecmed to be lixed at N. he conlidercd it as a favourable opjjor- iunity. In our progtefs to the well ward, the water gra- dually deepened to 28 fathoms. With the northerly wind the air was Iharp and cold ; and wc had fogs, lun- thine, Ihowcis of fnow and ilcct alternately. On the 26th, at ten in the morning, wc tell in with the ice. At twelve, it extended trom N, W. to E. by N. and Irenicd to be thick and compaft. We were now. by obfervation, in the latitude ot 69 deg. 36 min. N. and in the longirude of iH.^ deg. E. and 11 appeared that wc liad ii>' ;>etter profptvt ol getting to the N. here, than nearer the ttiorc. Wc continued Ucering to the W. till live in the alternoon, when wc were, in loine de- gree, embayed by the icc, which was very tlofc in the 7 1; N. W. t!^ '■ ';''f! ' II ■•'li-. ^ ill i ii , . Mr ■ ': 1 U 'H.i ([Ml m I n ' 'iU pSp H II f 56: Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ]' .^1 ¥ d' ' i I'm ,11 iV Mi ■ N. W. and N. E. quarters, with a great quantity of loofc ICC about the eilgc of the main botly. At this time, wc had baffling light airs, but the wind fooii fettled at S. and increafed to a IrcUi gale, accompa- ■nicd with ihowxrs of rain. We gdt the tack aboard, and (Irctched to the E. as this was the only dircclion in which the fea was free from ice. Thurl'day the 27th, at four o'clock, A. M. we tacked and ftood to the wcftward, and at fcven o'clock in the evening, \vc were clofe in with the edge of the Ice, which lay E. N. E. and W. S. W. as lar in each of thofc direiilions as the eye r.ould reach. There being but little wind. Captain Cook went with the boats, to examine the Hate of the ice. He found it cnnlilling of loofc pieces, of various extent, and fo clofe together, that he could fcarccly enter the outer edge with a boat ; and it was as impracticable for the Ihips to enter it, as if it had been fo many rocks. He particularly re- marked, that it was all pure tranfparcnt ice, except the \.()per fuifacc, w hich was rather porous. It feenied to be whollv compofed of frozen fnuw, and to have been all formed at feft. For, not to inlill on the improba- bility of fuch prodigious maffes floating out of rivers, noneof tlic productions of the land were found incor- porated, or mixed with it; which would certainly have been the cafe, if it had been formed in rivers, cither great or fmall. The pieces of ire t.iat formed the outer edge of the main body, were from lorty to fifty yards in extent, to four or five; and the Captain judged, that the larger pieces reached 'hirty feet or more, under the furface of the water. I i.f thought it highly im- probable, that ti.is ice ci <. been the produc- tion of the preceding wintci .. He was rather in- clined tofuppofc it to havebecn u .)rodudionof many winters. It was equally improbable, in his opinion, that the little that now remained of the fummer, could dc- ftroy even the tenth part of what now fublil>cd of this great mafs j for the fun had already exerted upon it the full force and influence of his rays. The fun, indeed, according to his judgment, contributes very little to- w.iids reducmj; thcfe enormous malfcs. For though that luminary is above the horizon a confiderable while, It feldom fhincs out for more than a few hours at a tunc, and frci]ucntly is not fcen for fcvcral fuccef- livc days. It is the wind, or rather the waves raifed by the wind, that brings down the bulk of thcfe pro- digious malies, by grinding one piece againd another, and by undcrmininjj a ndwalhing away thofc parts which are cxpofed to the furgeof the fea. This was inani- felf, Irom the Captain's obfcrving, that the upoer fur- face of many pieces had been partly walhcd away, while the bafe, or under part, continued firm for feveral fathoms round that which appeared above water, like a Ihoa! round a high rock. He mcaiurcd the depth of water upon one, and found that it was 1 5 feet, fo that the fljips might have lailcd over it. It he had no: mea- furcd this dipth, he would have been unwilling to be- lieve, that there was a fiitRcient weight of ice above the furface, to have funk the othei fo much below it. It may thus happen, that more ice is dellroyed in one tern- peii.iousfeafo;), than is formed in feveral winters, ond an cndlefs accumulation of it ii prevented. But that there is conllantly a rcnjaining Itore, will be acknow- ledged by every one who hai been upon the fpot. A thick fog, which came on while the Commodore was thus employed with the boats, hallctied him aboard fooncr than he could havewiflied, withoncfca-horfc to each fliip. Our party had killed many, butcouldnot wait to bring them oil". The number of thcfe animali, on ad the ice that we had feen, it really allonithing. We fpcnt the night Handing oil' and on, among the drift ice, and at nine o'clock the next morning, the fog having in fome degree difperfed, boats troin each ot the Hups were difpatched for fea-horfesi for our Eeoplc by this tunc began to rclilh them, atid thofe we ad before furnillicd ourfelvcs with, were all confumcd. At noon, our latitude was 69 drg. 17 intn. N.ourlongi- (ude i8j ikg. v.. and our depth of water was 2 j fa- thoms. At iwo m the afternoon, having got on board u many fca-hutfcs as were dccnicd lufiicicm, and (he wind frertiening at S. S. E. wchoillcd in the boats, anj fleered to the S. VV. But being unable to weather tlic ice upon this tack, or to go through it, wo niadc a board to the calhvard, till about eight o'clock, then re. fumed our courfc to the S. W. and were obliged biiore midnight to tack again, on account of the ice. N™ long after, the wind veering to the N. VV. and blowlm; a lliftgale, wc Ih etched to the S. W. clofe hauled. Friday the 29th, in the morning, we faw the main ice towards the N. and foon after, perceived land bear. ing S. VV. by VV. In a (hort time alter this, more land was feen, bearing VV. It Ihewed itlelf in two hills tc- fembling iflands, but foon the whole appeared con- neded. As we made a nearer approach to the land the depth of water decreafed very faft, lb that, at twdvc o'clock, when we tacked, wc found only eight fathoms- being three miles from thccoall, which extended froni S. 30 deg. E. to N. 60 deg. W. the latter extrcmiiv terminating in a bluff point, being one of the hills nien. tioned before. The weather was now very hazy^ ^jj), drizzling rain ; but, foon afterwards, itclej.ed up.pjf. ticularly to the (buthward, well ward, and northward This enabled us to have a tolerable view of the coaft' which refembles, in every relped, the oppofitc coall of America j that is, low land next the fea, with higher land farther back. It was totally dellitutc of uood and even of fnow; but was, probably, covered ujthi molfy fubllance, that g.ivc it a brownilh hue. In the low ground that lay between the fea and the high land was a lake, extending to the fouth-eallward farther than wc could lee. As wc ftood off, the moll wellerly of the two hills above-mentioned, came open off thcbluii point, in a N. VV. dircdion. It had the appearance oi an ifland, but it might perhaps be conncded wuh the other by low land, though we did not fee it. .-Vndii that he the cafe, there is a two-fold point, wuh a bay be- tween them. This point, which is rocky and ftecp.rc. ceivcd the name of (ape North. It is lltuatcd narl* in the latitude of 6S deg. 56 min. N. and in the lon'i- tudc of 180 deg. 51 min. E. The cuaft bcyoiij u doubtlcfs alUimes a very wellcrly dirediun; for uc could difcern no land to the northward of it, tlioijj;li the horizon was there pretty clear. Wirtiing to (cc more of the coall to the wcflward.wc tacked again, at two in the afternoon, thinking we lliould be able to»a- thcr Cape North t but finding we could not, the mnd trclliening, a thick fog ariting, with much fnow, and being apprehenfive of the ice coming doun upon ui, the Commodore rclinquilhcd the dclign he had funncJ of plying to the wellward, and again Hood oif Ihore. The feafon was now fo far advanced, and the iimc when the froll generally feti in was (o near, that Captain Cook did not think it conlillcnt with pruilcncc, to makcanjr farther attempti to difcover a palfage into the Atlantic Ocean this year, in any diredion, fo iinall was the pto- bability of fucccfa. His attention was now direcledk) the fearch of fome place, where wc might recruit our wood and water 1 and the obK«!t that principally occu- pied hii thought! was, how he fhould pafi the winter, fo as to make fome iniprc*rementi in navigation aiU geography, and, at the lame time, be in a condition to return to the northward the cnfuing fummer, toprofe- cute hii fearch of a palfage into the Atlantic. Hav- ing Hood off till our foundings were eighteen fathomt, wc made fail to the caftward, along the coall, which, wc were now pretty well convinced, could only be the continent of Alia. 'I he wind blowing frcfli, and there being, at the fame time, a thick mift, ard a very heavy fill of fnow, it was requifiic that wc fhould proceed with particular caution: wc therefore brought to, lots few hours, in the night. Early the next morning, the 30th, we llcercd fuch a coiufc as we judged molt likcljr to bring us in with the land, being guided, in a great meafure, by the land ; for the weather was extremely thick and gloomy, with incclfant (liowers of fnow. At ten o'clock wc obtained a fight of the coall, which wu A the diHancc of four miles, bearing S. VV. Soonif. terwards, our depth of water having decreafed tolicvcn fathoms, wc hauled ofi". A very low point now bote 8. S. W. diliant two or three miles t to the cailwinlof which :, with much fnow, jml coming down upon us, COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC .OCEAN, &c. 563 vihicli there fecmcd to be a narrow channel, that led i,,[o Ionic wntcr which we faw over the point. It is not improbable, that the lake above-mentioned com- liuiniciites here with the fea» At noon, the mill dif- pcilini;, wc 1^'"^' '1 ^i*^* of the coad, which extended trom S. E- '" '^^ ^' ''y ^^' Some parts of it were ,.,i)nicntly higher than others; but thegreatcft part of ii was rather low, with high land farther up the coun- ,fv. It was almofl entirely covered with fnow, which I, 111 fallen ^''^''y lately. We ranged along the coall, at [I,;; Alliance of about two leagues, till ten o'clock in ,|]C evening, when we hauled off; but rcfumcd our mifu early on the following morning, when wc had nnothcr view of the coaft, extending from W. to S. E. iw S. At eight o'clock the ealkrn part bore S. and wns found to be an ifland, which at twelve was four or five mil" diftant, bearing S. W. half S. It is of a iiKKicratc height, between four and five miles in cir- cumference, with a llecp rocky coaft. It is fuuate in [he lat. of 67 deg. 45 min. N. about three leagues from the continent ; and is diftinguiflicd in the chart by the appellation of Burncy's llland. The inland country about this part abounds with hills, fome of winch arc of confiderablc elevation. The land in ge- 11er.1l was covered with fnow, except a few fpots on the colli, which ftill continued to be low, but fomcwhat jcfs fo than farther towards the W. During the two prfccding days, the mean height of the mercury in the ihcrmoinctcr had been frcciucntly below the freezing point, and in general, very little above it s infomuch that the water in the vcflcls upon deck, was often co- vend with a (hcet of ic?. We continued to ftcer S. S. E. jjmoft in the dircdion of the coaO, till five o'clock in the afternoon, when wc faw land bearing S. 50 licp. K. which proved to be a continuation of the coift. \Ve hauled up for it without delay j and at ten in the evening, being a-breaft of the caffern land, and lioubttul of weathering it, wc tacked, and made a board towards the W. till after one o'clock the next niorninp. i'ucfday, the itt of September, we again made fail tc iheE, The wind w.is now very unfcttlcd, continually varvinpfrom N. to N. E. Between eight and nine, the callcrn extremity of the land was at the diftancc of fix or fcvcn miles, bearing S. by E. A head-land appeared ]! the fame time, bearing E. by S. half S. and not long ahci wi could difcern the whole coad that lay be- tween then, and a little ifland at fome diOance from it. The coaft now in fight fecmcd to form feveral rocky points, that were connedcd by a low lliore, «ithout any appearance of an harbour. At a diftancc from the fca, many hills prefcntcd thcmfclvcs to our \it», the highcft of which were involved in fnow; in other rtfpefts, the whole country had a naked afped. At fcvcn o'clock in the evening, two (X)mta of land beyond the caftern head, opened off it in the dircdion of S. 37 dcg. E. Captain Cook was now convinced of what he liad before imagined, that this was the country of the Tfchutlki, or the north-caftern coaft of Alia i and that Becring had proceeded thus far in the year 17:28; that is, to this head, which, according to Mullcr, is denominated Serdzc Kamcn, on account of a rtKk u[)on it, that is of the figure o( a heart. There irc indeed many high rocks on this cape, fome one or other of which may perhaps be (hapcd like a heart. It is a promontory of tolerable height, with a ftcep rocky clitf fronting the fea. Its lat. is 67 deg. 3 min. N. and it! long. 188 dcg. II min. £. To the £. of it the co,ill it elevated and cold 1 but to the W. it is low, and extends N. W. by W. and N. N. W. and it is nearly of the fame diredion all the way to Cape North. The depth of water is every where the fame at an equal dillance from the fiiore ; and this is iikcwifc the cafe on the oppofite coaft of America. The grcatcit depth we met with, as wc ranged along it, was 2j fathoms. During the night, or in thick foggy Weather, the foundings arc no bad guide to thofe who lail along cither of thcfc confts. On the %d, at eight m the morning, the moft advanced land to the fouth. caftward, bore S. 3 j dcg. £. andi from thi« ^ticular point of view, had an infular appearance. But the thick ftiowers of (how that fell in quick futtcirion, and fettled on the land, concealed from cui light at this tiinc a great part of the coaft. In a fliort time after, the fun, which we had not fecn for near five days, broke out during the intervals between tl.e lliow- crs, by which means the coaft was in fome degree freed from the fog, fo that we obtained a light ol it, and found that the whole was conncded. The wind was ftill northerly, the air was cold, and the mercury in the thermometer did not rile above 35 dcg. and was fometimes not higher than 30 deg. At 1 2 o'clock our lat. was 66 dcg. 37 min. N. Cape Serdzc Kamen was 12 or 13 leagues diftant, bearing N. 52 dcg. W. the moft foutherly point of land that we had in our fight, bore S. 41 deg. E. our foundings were 22 fa* thoms ; and the diftancc of the neareft part of the (bore was about two leagues. The weather was now fair and bright : and as we were ranging along the coaft, we faw feveral of the natives and fome of their dwel- ling-places, which had the appearance of hillocks of earth. In the courfe of the evening we pafled the Kaftern Cape, or the point before-mentioned ; from which the coaft trends to the fouth- weft ward. This is the fame point of land that wc had pufTed on the nth of the preceding month. Thofe who gave credit to Mr. Stxhlin's map, then fuppofed it to be the caftern point of his ifland Alafchka; but we were Iiy this time convinced, that it is no other than the caftern pro- montory of Afia; and perhaps it is the upper Tlchukot- Ikoi Nofs, though the promontory which icccivcd that name ftom Becring, is fituatcd further towards the S. W. Muller, in his map of the difcoverics of the Ruf- fians, places the Tfchukotfkoi Nols nearly in the lat. of 75 deg. N. and extends it fomcwhat to the eaftward of this cape. But Captain Cook was of opinion, that he had no good authority forfodoing. Indeed hisown, oc rather Delhneft's, account of the diftancc between the river Anadir and the Nofs, cannot well be reconciled with fo northerly a pofition. For he fays, that with the moft favourable wind, a pcrfon may go by lea from the Nofs to the river Anadir in three whole days, and that the journey by land is very little longer. But Captain Cook, having hopes of vifiting thcfc parts a- gain, deferred the diicuflion of this point to aiiothcc opportunity. In the mean time, however, he con- cluded, as Becring had done before him, that this was the caffernmoft point of all Afia. It is a peninfula of confidcrable elevation, joined to the continent by a very low and apparently narrow ifthmus. It has next the fea, a fteep rocky cliff, and otf the very point are feveral rocks refcmbling fpires. It ftands in the long, of 1 90 deg. 2 1 min. £. and in the lat. of 66 deg. 6 min. N. and is 13 leagues diftant, in the dircdion of N. §2 deg. W. from Cape Prince of Wales, on the coaft of America. The land about this promontory confifts of valleys and hills. The former terminate at the fea in low Ihores, and the latter in fteep rocky points. The hills appeared like naked rocks 1 but the valleys, though dcftitute of tree or (htub, were of a greenifh hue. Having pafled the Cape, wc fteered S. W. half W. tow.>rds the northern point of St. Lawrence's Bay, in which our ftiips had anchored on the loth of Auguft. We reached it by eight o'clock the following morning, and faw fome of the natives at the place where we had before feen them, as well as others on the oppofite fide of the bay. Not one of them, however, came off to us, which was rather remarkable, as the weather waa fufliciently favourable, and as thofe whom we had lately vifitcd had no reafon to be difpleafed v ith us. Thele people arc certainly the Tfchutlki, whom the Ruffiana nad not hitherto fubducdt though it ismanifeft that the/ muft carry on a traflic with the latter, either diredly« or by the intcrpofition of fome neighbouring nation t OS tneir being in polFcflion of the fpontooiis we faw among them, cannot otl\crwifc be acccninted for. 1 he Bay of St. Lawrence is, at the entrant.^., at leaft five leagues in breadth, and about four leagues deep, grow- ing narrower towards the bottom, where it fecmcd to be pretty well IhcUered firoin th^ fet windp* provi^lcd there fmf ■ ''1] i%"'i,i -vMi i m ■'! , ■■»!: hM .i' Dfi'i&^f?] t ■1 i= m 564 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE in/' If: I ( li ? there is a competent depth of water for (hips. The Commodore did not wait to examine it, though he was extremely dcfirous of finding a convertient harbour in thofc parts, to which he might rcfort in the fucceed- ing fpring. But he wiflied to . /jct with one where wood might be obtained, and he knew that none could be found here. From the fouthern point of this bay, which is lituated in the lat. of 65 dcg. ^50 min. N. the coart trends W. by S. for the fpacc of about nine leagues, and there fceins to form a deep bay or river; or elfe the land in that jvirt is fo low that we could not difcern it. In the afternoon, about one o'clock, we faw what was firft fuppofcd to be a rock, but it was found to be a dead whale, which lomc Aliatics had killed, and were then towing alhore. They fecnicd to endeavour to conceal themfelves behuid the lilh, in order to avoid being fecn by us. This, however, w.is unneccirary, for we proceeded on our courfe without taking notice of them. On the 4th, at break ot day, wc hauled to the north -weft ward, for the purpofe uf g.iinirtg a nearer view of the inlet fecn the day before; but the wind, not long after, veering to that direition, the delign was abandoned ; and lleeriiig towards the S. along the coaft, wc p.illcd two bays, each about fix miles deep. The mod northerly one is fituatc before a hill, which is roumier than any other we had obfcrvcd upon the coad. There is nn ifland lying before the other bay. It is a matter oi doubt whether tlicic is a fulTicient depth of watir tor Ihips in cither of thtfe bays, as when we cd^ .li in for the Ihorc, we con- ftantly met with flioal water. This part of the coun- try is extremely naked and hilly. In feveral places on the lower grounds, next the fea, were the habitations of the natives, near all of which were created (l.igcs of bones, like thofc before-mentioned. This day, at noon, our lat. was 6.j deg. 38 mm. N. and our long. 188 deg. 15 min. h. the nearcft part of the Ihorc was at the dillancc of three or four le.igues ; and the moll fouthern point of the continent in light, bore S. 48 dcg. W. By this time the wind had veered to the N. and blew a light brcc/e ; the weather was clear, and the air fliarp. The Commotlore did not think proper to follow the direction of the coaft, as he perceived that it inclined wcftward towards the Bulph of Anadir, into which he had no motive tor going. He therefore fleered a fouthcrly courfe, that he might have a light of the illc of St. Lawrence, which h,id iKcn difcovcred by B-'cring. This ifl.ind was quickly fecn by us, and at eight in the evening it bore S. ;odcg. il. lujipofcd to beat the diiiancc ot 1 1 leagues. The moll iouthcrly point of the main land was at that time 1 1 leagues diftant, bearing S. 8j dcg. W. Captain Cook conjectured, that this was the point which is called by Becring the eallern point of Suchotiki,orCape'l'fchukotfk()i: an appellation which he gave it with fome propriety, bv.."" 'e the natives, who faid they were of the nation of tn^ 'f'fchutflti, came otl" to him from this part of the coaft. Its lat. is 64 dcg. 13 min. N. and its long. 186 dcg. 36 min. £. The more the Captfain was convinced ot his being at prcfcnt ujjon the Aliatic coaft, the more he was at a lofs to reconcile his obfervations with Mr. Stxhlin's map of the New Northern Archi|v:lago; and he could find no other method' of accounting for (o important a ditferencc, than by fuppofing that he had millakcn fonic part of what Mr. Stichlin denominates the illand ot Al.dchka for the continent of Amenta, and had miffed the channel by which they are fifparated. But even on that luppotition there would ftill have been a conlldcfable variation. 'I'he Captain confidered it as an allair of fome confcqucncc to clear up this point during the prclent fcafon, th.it he might hnvc only oncobjctt in view in the following one. And as thcfe northt rl) illands were faid to abound with wcxkI, he had fome hopes if he fhould (iinl tlieni, of pro( uiing a coiii^ctent fupply 01 that article, of which wc began to Hand in fiat need. With this view he tlecrcd over tor the ..>l)i\..i(;h to th land. ■. about eight Icaguii >' the co.T.l boic K. Ill the elircOtion of i;. i light on lliorc, and lanic ntr towards us. ^e thcni time to ,ip. • tokens of amity, a.id ter of a mile. We :ded along the coali. ;k, obferving ihit the hored in ten fatlun!!, ill day-light cainco.,! 1 our couil'c aluM^ the ■". half S. At icven jbreall ol a poiiu, litj. '.. and in the lat. oi ti^ h the toall alTiiiius t ight this point, which l)arby, bore S.hjdci;. lad in view, bore N, jj icared part ot ihellmrc ion we let go ixir an. a nvjildy bottom. :akofday, we weighed, . \Vc now law land, lands J the one bearing; )t long afterwards, wc ivcrcd with wood; a not been lately ictuf- ward, land was I'ecn m ■hich proved a conti- enow were; we like ; iflands, apparcmlv, them. 'I'his wasinu- other landtheiflf of ,a\tcr of doubt, whether Ktwcen them, for the proceeded further to- ot this, two boats were and the Commodorf rew the kaft water, to ddlc channel, bi-twecn illand. In this nun- three o'clock in the the ifland, our found- m» and a halt, and the iipfrointhe bottom. In greater depth of water cd it from one fiile to it high timetorciurn. the wcrtcrn (liorc, to wai given, was about by W. The coail ex- K. by N. where it ap- behind which the coall fcr the iflands llictthcfl ■rn tide of Bald-hwd, vhich is a beach, wlicrc lativcs. Wc continiicJ Ight, and by daybieak .atcrlix fathoms. At ut three miles irom the mpanicd by Mr. Kin^, wood and water. They lall projefts into a bluff head. 1 ' rr"'" ■^- i . 5* - - .'f .. w- ; *■ ':..; ■!J \ •■• I"..: ;: -■4,, >•. -'* •, _ ■■ V ■,.■■■*>,■"■ ■ '": -VU:^'^' U. '* . A- 1. ^.".'s,: • -. ■ "Liii;;- :• ':,1'^ '^■'" ■K; V"' i r !,,' l.'l :|1 :-^''^..ii! . "-'il \ •' t! f , i \ i ■ mm \lk MM ■ t ," l«t nil m 'k m I i'^i II W: ^•^^U... Vki.^bU'' •K-'^Ul 1% '• COOK'S TEIIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, fee. 565 hcjd compof^'' of perpendicular (Irata of a dark blue rock' intermixed with gjiminer and iiuartz. Adjoining 10 the beach is a narrow border t)f land, which wasac this 'i'"<^ covered with lon<^ gral's, and where they ob- fcrvcd (onxc anjjelica. The ground, beyond this, rife* with lor"^ abriiptnels ; towards the top of this eleva- tion they found a heath, that nbounded with berries of vinous kinds: further onward the country was rather l-vfl and thinly covered with fmall fprucc trees, birch, J willows. They faw the tracks of foxes and deer POi, the beach, in many parti of which, there was a treat abundance of drift-wood : there was alfo no want K- ff((i, water. Our gentlemen and their attendants havini; returned on board, the Commodore had thoughts I brint?ing the (hips to an anchor here; but the wmd then fliitiing '" N. E. and blowing rather on this (horc, he ftretched over to the oppolUc one, expecting to find wood there likewife. At eight in the evening, wean- chorcil near the fouthcrn end of the moft northerly ifland, for fuch we then imagined it to be. The next moriii'nR, however, we foumi that it was a pcninfiila,"' connected with the continent by a low ifthmus. on each fide of which a bay is formed by the coift. We plied into the fouthernmoft of thefe bays, and ca(t anchor jeain about twelve o'clock, in five fathoms water, over a muddy bottom ; the point of the peninfula, to which the name of Cape Denbigh was given, being one league (liftsnt, in the direftion of N. 68 deg. W. We ob- (trved on the peninfula, fcveral of the natives, and one of thcin cam. oflf in a fmall canoe. Captain Cook gjve this man a knive and fomc beads, with which he appeared to be well picafed ; we made (igns to him to bringus foine proviuons, upoiv which he intlantly quit- led us, and paddled towards the fhore. Happcnmg to meet another man coming ort', who had two drieil falinon, he got them from himj and when he returned to our (hip he refufcd to give them to any body except Ciptain (bok. Some of our people fancied, that he alkcd for him under the name of Capitane; but in this they were perhaps mi(taken. Others of the in- habitants came ort'foon afterwards, and pave us a few dried tilli, in exchange for fuch triHes as we had to barter with them. They (Ticwcd no didikc for tobacco, but they were nwft delirous of knives. In the after- noon, .Mr. Gore was difpatchcd to the peninfula, to prcKure w(xxl and water ; of the former of which ar- iiciei we obfcrvetl great plenty \i\wn the beach. At the lame time a boat trom each of the (hips was fent to found round the b;»y ; and at three o'clock, the wind frclbening at N, E. we weigheil anchor, and endea- voured to work further in, but that was quickly foi:nd to be iinpradicable, by reafon of the flioals which ex- tended entirely round the bay, to the didance of up- wards of two nulca from the ihore, as the oHicert who had liccn fciit out for the piirpofe of founding reported. \Vc therefore lt(X)d o(i' and on with the Ihips, waiting lor l.'cutcnini Gore, who returned about eight o'clock in the evening, with the launch loaded with wood, lie informed the Commodore, that he had found but little frelh water, and that the wood could not be pro- cured without ditliculty. on account of the boats grounding at fomc diflance from the beach. As this was the cafe, we flood back to the other Ihore, and the next morning at eight, all the boats and a detachment 0! men with an oflicer, were fent to get wood from the place where Captain Cook had landed on the 10th. After having continued for fome time to (land olf and on with the ihips, wc at length cad anchor in Icfi than five fatiioini, at the diflance of half a league from the coafl, whofc fouthern point bore S. s< deg. W, Cape Denbigh was about .;6 miles diftant, bear. ing S. 72 deg. E. Bald-head was nine leagues off, in the direction of N. 60 deg. E. and the ifland near the eallcrn thore, S. of Cape Denbigh, named by Captain Cook Uciborough Ifland. was 1 5 leagues diflant, bear- ing S. 52 deg. E. Thia being a very open road, and thcrctore not a fccure flatk>n for the fliips, the Commo- dore refolved not to wait till our flock of water was completed, at that would take up Tome time; but onlv to furniih both (Jiipi with wood, aod •ftcrwa|f4l to f«c» 1 No,69. " ' a more commodious place for the former article. Our people carried ott° the drift-wood that lay on the heach, and performed that bulincfs with grcatexpedit ion ; for, as the wind blew along the fliore, the boars were enablcJ to fail both ways. In the afternoon Captain Cook went on fliore, and took a walk into the country, which in thofe parts where there was no wood, abounded with heath, ^nd other plants, feveral cf which had picnt/ of berries, all ripe. Scarce a Angle plant was in flower. The underwood, fuch as birch, alders, and willows, oc- cafioned walking to be very troublefome among the trees, which were all fpruce, and none of which ex- ceeded feven or eight inches in diameter; but fomc were obfcrved lying on the beach, that were above twice that lize. All the drift-wood that wc faw in thefe nor- thern parts was fir. Sunday the 1 3th, a family of the natives came near the fpot where our people were occupied in taking off wood. The Captain (aw only the hulband and wife, and theirchild. befides a fourthperfon, who was the molt deformed cripple he had ever fecn. The hulband was nearly blind, and neither he nor his wife were fuch well-looking people as many of thofe whom we had met with on this coait. Both of them had their lower lips perforated; and they were m noflcdion of fomc glals- beads, refcmbling thofe wc had fecn before among their neighbours. lion was the article that picafed them moft. For four knives which had been formed out of an old iron-hoop, the Captain obtained from them near four hundred pounds weight of filh.that had been lately caught by them. Some of thefe were trout, and others were, with refpcift to fize and tafte, fomewhat between a herring and a mullet. The Captain gave a few beads to thcvhild, who was a female; upon which the inothaf immediately burft into tears, then the father, next aftcf him the cripple, and at laft, to add the finilhing ftrokc to the concert, the child hcrfclf. This mufic, however, was not of lonij duration. Mr. King had on the pre- ceding day been in company with the fame family. Mis account of this interview is to the following pur- port : While he attended the wooding party, a canoe liilcd with natives approached, outo( which an elderly man and woman (the hulband and wife above-men- tioned) camcalhorc. Mr. King prefented a finall knife to the woman, and promifed to give her a much larger one in exchange for fome fiih. She made ligiis to hiin to follow her. After he h.id proceeded with them a- bout a mile, the man tell down as he was croifiiig a Itony beach, and happened to cut his foot very much. This occalioncd Mr. King to ftop; upon which the wo- man pointed to licr hull) mds eyes, which were covered with a thick whitilh film. He afterwards kept clofe to his wife, who took care to apprize him of the obll.icles in, his way. The woinan had a child on her back, wrapped up in the hood of her jacket. After walking about two miles, they arrived at an open Ikin-boac, which was turned on one tide, the convex part towards the wind, and was made to fcrvc for the habitation of this family. Mr. King now performed a remarkable operation on the man's eyes. He was firft defired to hold his breath, then to breathe on the dillempered eyes, and afterwards to fpit on them. The woman then took both the hands of Mr. King, and prefling them to the man's (lomach, held them there for (bme time, while (he recounted fome melancholy hiftory rcfpccting her family j fometimes pointing to her hulband, fomc- times to her child, and at other times to the cripple, who was related to her. Mr. King purchafed all the fifli they had, which confiftcd of excellent falmon, fal- mon-trout, and mullet. Thefe fifti were faithfully de- livered to the perfon he fent for them. The woman was (hort and fquat, and her vifage was plump and round. She wore a jacket made of deer (kin, with a large hood, and had on a pair of wide boots. She was punfbured from the lip to the chin. Her huibind was well made, and about live feet two inches in height. His hair was black and fliort, and he ^|,d but little beard. His complexion svas of a 1 ight cnppcf calf. He had two holes in bis lower lip, in which, however, he had no ornaments. The teeth of both of them were 7 D black, H " n m\' ri|iH ■ iHRlil Ml^n jBii S0(i Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. V'i • I m ti V!.-. 1 1 ' -Ti M Irk !''>!! black, and appeared as if they hid been tiled down level with the gums. Before nij^ht, on Sunday the 1 3th, we had amply fur- nilhcd the ihips with wood, and had conveyed on board about a doz-cn tons of water ti) each. On the 14th a party w«s detached on (hore to cut broonn, and like- wife the branches of fprucc-trces for brewing beer. About twelve o'clock all our people were taken on board, for the wind frefliening had railed fo heavy a furf on the beach, that our boats could not continue to land without e:treme dilliculiy and danger. As doubts were Hill entertained whether the coall, upon which we now were, belonged to an illand, or to the continent of America, lieutenant King was difpatchcd by the Commodore, with two boats, well manned and armed, to make fuch a fearch as might tend to remove all dif- ference of opinion on the Tubjedh He was intruded to proceed towards the north as far as the extreme point fcen on Wedncfday the 9th, or a little lurther, if he Ihould find it ncceflitry ; to land there, and, from the heights, endeavour to difcovcr whether the land he was then upon, imagined to be the illand of Alafchka, was really an illand, or was connedcd with the land to the callward, fuppoled to be the American continent. If it proved to be an ifland, he was to examine the depth of water in the channel between it and the continent, and which way the flood tide came : but, if he fhould find the two lands united, he was to return imtncdiately to the (hip. He was direded not to be tbfent longer than four or five days 1 and it was alfo mentioned in his inftrudions, that, if any unforcii:en or unavoidable accident (hould force our lltips otf the coaft, the ren- dezvous was to be at the harbour of Samganoodha. On Tucfday the 15th, the fhipi'mnoved over to the bay on the fouth eaflern fide of Cape Denbigh, where we call anchor in the afternoon. Not long after, Icveral of the inhabiunts came off in canoes, and gave us fome dried falmon in exchange for trifling articles. Early the nt;xt morning, nine men, each in a fcparate canoe, paid us a vilit, with the fole view of gratifying their curio- fity. They ai)proarhcd the fhip with caution, and drawing up .ihrr-ii> of each other, under our ftern, fa- voured us with a lun^;, while oiic of their number made many ludicrous motions with h:s tiandsand body, and another beat upon a fort of drum. There was nothing favage, either in the fong, or the gefturcs with which it was accompanied. There Icemcd to be no difference, cither with refpetfl to fizeor features, between thefc peo pie, and thofc whom we had feen on every other part of the coall, except King George's Sound. Their drefs, which chiefly conlilled of the Ikins of deer, was made after the fame mode; and they had adopted the prae met with in ill this Sound. W were fo fortunate, however, a to have the wind from the N. E. and the \. during the whole time of our contuiuancc here, with very line weather. Thii afforded an opportunity of making a great nuinbtf of lunar obfervationt, the mean refult of which (>jve •97 deg. 1 3 min. E. at the longitude of the anchonng place on the weflcrn-lide of the Sound, while its la,- tude was 64 dog. 31 min, N. With rcfpeil to the tides, the night tioud rofe two or three feet, and thedav flood was fcarccly perceivable. Captain Cook being now perfcdiy convinced, that Mr. Sttehlin's map «>< extremely crroncoui, and having rellored the continnx of America to the fpacc which that gentleman had oc- cupied with hit imaginary illaad of Alafchka, thought it now hiah time to quit thefe northerly regiuni, and retire to Same place for the winter, where he might ob- tain provifiont and refre(hmcnu. He did not cunlidtr Pctropaulowlka, or the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul m Kamttcbatka, at likely to furnifh a fuliiricnt fupply. He had likcwife other realons for not gm% thither at ppcfciu; the principal of which wai, hia({i< - unwitiingnefs to remain inadi vc for fix or feven mon .'. which would have been die eonrequence of palling t;.< - WIBlCf ^^u...^^ COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE-To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 5^7. h fomc ot the lutivr, •inter in any of thefc northern countries. He at length concluded, that no fituatinn was fo convenient for our jpufe ai the Sandwich Iflands. To them, therefore, [c furnied a refolution of repairing. But a. fupply of water being neceflary before he could execute that de- fmn, he determined, with a view of procuring this ef- fcnti»' article, to fearch the coaft of America for a har- uguf^ by proceeding along it to the fouthward. 11' he (houid not meet with fuccefs in that fearch, his inten- tion was to reach Samganoodha, which was appointed lor our place of rendezvous, in cafe the Ihips Ihould happen to feparate. On Thur(day, the 1 7th, in the morning we weighed anchor with a light caftcrly breeze, and Iteering to the (buihward, attempted to pafi within Bclborough Idandj kut though it is lix or fcven miles diltant from the con- tine'nd wc were prevented, by meeting with (hoal wa- ter. Having but little wind all the day, we did not pafs that iHand Before it wag dark, and the night was fpcnt under an eafy fail. On the 1 8th, at day break, we re- funtcd our progrefs along the coaft. At noon, our loumlingi were no more than five fathoms. Bclborough IQand, at this time, bore N. 43 deg. E. the mol^ fou- •berly land in fight, which alfo proved to be an ifland, iiorc S. 66 deg. W. the padage between it and the con. tinent, was in the diredlioit of S. 40 deg. W. and the ncarelt land was at the diflancc of about two miles. VVc continued to (leer for this palFagi*, till the boats which were a-head made the fignal for having no more than three fathoms water, in confcqucnce ot this, we hauled without the ifland, and difplayed the fignal for the Rcfolution's boat to keep between the (horc and the IhipS' 1 ''" ifland, to which the name of Stuart's llland was given, lies in the latitude of 63 deg. 3 5 min. N. and is 17 leagues diflant from Cape Denbigh, in the dirtclion of S. 37 deg. W. It is lix or feven leagues in circumference. Though fomc parts of it are of a nioderate height, yet, in general, it is low, with fomc rocki off the weAern part. The srcateft part of the coad of the continent is low land, but we perceived high land up the country. It fornu a point, oppolite the iHand, which was diliinguilbed by the name ol Ca|)c Stephens, and is fituated in the latitude of 63 deg. 33 mm. N. and in the longitude of 197 deg. 41 min. ii. Some drift wood was oblrrved on the (bores, both of the illand and of the continent ; but not a fingic tree was fccn growing upon either. VclFels might anchor, upon occafion, between the continent and the N. E. lide of this illand, in a depth of five fathoms, fhcltered from ihc eaftcrly, weflcrly, and foutherly winds. But this ilation would be entirely cxpofcd to the northerly winds, the land, in that diret^iun, being too remote to aflbrd any fecurity. Before wc reached Stuart's ifland, we paired two little iflands, fltuate between us and the nuin land; and as we ranged along the coaft, fevcral of the natives made their appearance upon the Ihore, and, by ligns, Iccmed to tnvite us to approach. We were no fooner without the ifland, than we fttercd S. by W. tor the moft fouthern part of the con- tinent in light, tifl eight in the evening, when, the depth ot water having decreafcd from fix fathoms to Ids than four, we tacked and flood to the northward into five fathoms, and then pafTcd the night in lUnding ulf and on. At the time wc tacked, the fbuthernmolt point of land above nwntioned, which we named Point Shallow Water, bore S. half £. at the diflancc of fcven leagues. On the 19th, at day break, we rcfuined our foutherly courfe; but flioal water foon obliged us to haul more to the weftward. Wc were at length fo far advanced upon the bank, that wc could not hold a N. N. \V. courfe, as we fometimcs met with only four fa- thomi. The wind blowing frelh at E. N. E. it was now high time to endeavour to lind a greater depth of water, and to t]uit a coaft upon which we could no longer navigate with fafcty. We therefore hauled the windiothc northward, and thewatergraduaJI/increalcd iud(^)th to eight tathoiiis. At this tune, we were about twelve leagues diltani trom the continent, and nine to (he W. ol Stuart's Ifland. We faw no land to the fuuthwaid of Point Shallow Water, which Capttin Cook judged to lie in the latitude ofTij deg. N. fo thu between thi.i latitude and Shoal Ncls.in latitude 63 deg. the coall has not been explored, it is probably accel- liblc only to boats, or very fniall vefllls , or, if there are channels tor vcllels of greater magnitude, it would require foiue time to lind them. From the mall h ,til, the tea within us appeared to bechea|uered with (hoalo j the water was very muddy and difcoi.uircd, and inucU frelher than at any of the places w here our (hips had lately anchored. I-'roni this we inferred that a cunli- dcrable river runs into the lea, in this unexplored p.irt. After wc had got into eight lathoins water, we tkercJ to the wcUward, and afterwards more foutherly, (or the land diftovcrcd by us on the 5ch of September, which at noon on the aoth, bore S. VV. by W. at the diitanco of ten or eleven leagues. We had now a frcfli gale at N. and, at intervals, ihowers of hail and fnow, with a pretty high fea. 1 o the land before us, the Commo- dore gave the appellation of Llerkcs Ifland. It ftanda in the latitude ol 63 deg. 15 nun. and in the longitude of 190 deg. 30 mm. It fecincd to be an ifland of ton- lidcrable extent, in which arc fevcral hills, all connected by low ground, fo that it looks, at a dilbnce, like a group ot iflands. Near its eaflern part is a little ifland, which is remarkable for havingon it three elevated rocks. Both the greater illand, and this fmaller one, were in- habited. In the afternoon, about lix o'clock, we reached the northern point of Gierke's ifland; and having ranged along its coaft till dark, we brought to during the twght. Early the next morning, we again ftood in lor the coall, and proceeded along it in queft of an harbour, till twelve o'clock, when finding no proba- bility of fuccefs, wc left it and fleered S. S. W. for the land difcovered by us on the 29th of July ; having a Irelh gale at N. .itfcompanicJ witli Ihowers of fnow and fleet. Wednefday the 23d, at day break, the land above mentioned made its appearance, bearing S. W. at the diflancc of Jix or feven leagues. From this point of view it refemblcd a clufler of iflands ; but it was found to be only one, of about thirty mdcs \n extent, in the direction of N. W. and S. E. the lou.u-caflern extre- mity being Cape Upright, which we have mentioned bctore. I'hc ifland is narrow, particularly at the low necks of land by which the hilU arc connected. Cap- tain Cook afterwards found, that it was entirely unknown to the Huflians, and therelore, conlidering it as a dif- covery ol our own, he named it Gore's ifland. It ap- peared to be barren and dcftitute of inhabitants, at Icaft we faw none. Nor did wc obferve fuch a number of birds about it, as we had fecn when we firft difcovereij It. But we perceived fomc fea-otters, an animal whicf* we had not found to the N. of this latitude. About twelve miles trom Cape Upright, in the dirciflion of S. 72 deg. W. ftands a fmall ifland, whofe lofty fuminit terminates in feveral pinnacle-rocks, for which reafon it obtained the name of Pinnacle Ifland. At two o'clock P. M. after we had paflcd Cape Upright, we fleered S. E. by S. for Samganoodha, with a gentle breeze at N. N. W. being refolved to lofc no more tinic in learching for an harbour among iflands, which wc now began to fufpecl had no cxiftence 5 at Icaft, noi in the latitudeand longitude in which they have been placed by modern delineators of charts. On the 24th in the evening, the wind veered to S. W. and S. and incrcafcd to a frelh gale. We continued our eafterly courfe till eight in the morning of the 25th, when in the longi- tude of 191 deg. 10 min, and in the latitude of 5 8 deg. 32 mm. wc tacked and ftood to the weftward ; loan after which, the gale incrcafing, wc were reduced to two courfes^ and clofe-recfcd main-top-fails. In a fliorc time alter, ttie Refolution fprung a leak, under the ftarboard buttock, which was (o conlidcrable, as to keep one pump conftantly employed. We would not venture 10 put the (hip upon the other tack, from the apprehcnlion of IVil.iy the anJ of Oitobcr, at day break, we faw the Ilk ol Oonalallika, in a S. K. dirciltion. But as the land u as obfturcd by a thick huzc, wc were not cer- tain with rcfpcct to our (ituation till ntwn, when the obltrvcd latitude determined it. We hauled into a bav, ten riilcs to the w cUward of Samganoodha, known by tlic name of Kj^oochlhac i but finding very deep uater, wc fpccdily Icit it. 1 he natives vilitcd us at dif- ferent timti, bruiging with them dried falmon, and other lidi, which our failors received m exchange tor tobacco. Only a few days before, e\ery ounce of to- bacco that rcm.iintd in the fhip, had been dillributcd .unonj; thcin, and the iiii,intit\' w.is not half fullicient to anfwcr their demands. .Notwithltandingthis.fothomht- Ids and unprovidcnt a being is an Kngiifh failor, that they were as profulc in inaking their bargains, as if wc had arrived at a port in Virginia ; by which means, in lefs than two days, the value of this commodity was lowered above a thoufand per Cent. The next day, at one o'clock in the afternoon, wc anchored in the har-' bouT of S.iinjMnoodha, and, on the morning of the 4tn, the carpcntcis were employed in ripping ol^' the fheaihinj;ofand under the wale of the Kefolutiunon the fiarboard liJe. Many of the feaim were found entirely open; it was therciore no: to be womlered at, that fo much water had got into the Ihip. Wc cleared the fi(h and fpini rooms, and the after-hold; and difpofed things in fu^li a manner, that, in cafe of any future leaks of the lame iia:ure, the water might find its way to 'he pumps. Iklidcsthis work, and completing our llock of w.iter, wc cleared the lore-hold, and took m a quantity of ball.ilK 1 he vfj^et.-ibies we had met with w hen wc were here before, were now, tor the moil part, in a f>ntc of decay. T!ierc being great plenty of berries, one third of the people, by turns, had pcrmiflion to go afliore and gather them. Confiderable quantities of them were alfo brought to us by the inhabitants. If there were »ny ficds of the fcurvy, among the people of cither fhip, thefc berries, and the ufc of fprucc beer, which they were allowed to drink every other day, efledually eradicated them. Wc likcwifc procured abundanccof filTi; attird, chiefly falmon, both frelh and dried, which the natives brought us. Some of the frcfh falmon was in thehighcfl pcrfcclion; but there was one fort, which, from the figure of its head, wc called hook-nofed, that was but inditlerent. Drawing the feinc Crvcral times, at the head of the bay, we caught many falmon trout, and a halibut th.it weighed 254 (XJunJs. Wc after- wards had recourfo to hooks and lines. A boat was fent out every morning;, which fcldom returned without eight or ten halibut, a quantity more than fullicicnt to feivcall our people. Thefc fifh were excellent, and tlicrc were few who did not prefer them to falmon. Thus we lint only obtained a lupply of filh for prclcnt coafunipfion, but had fomc to carry with us to fea. On the 8ih, Captain tiook received, by the hands of a native of Oonal.ilhl.a, named Derrainoutlik, a very lin- gtil.ir prcfent, conliJering the place wc were in. It was a rye loaf, or rather a pyc in the form of a loaf, as it cnclofcd foiiie laliuoii, \\ell feafoncd with pepper. This man had brought a fimilar prcfent for Captain Clerkc, and a note for each of the Captains, written in a character which none of us undcrftood. It was na- tural to imagine, that thefc two prefents were from fome Kullians now in our ncighbourntxxl, and therefore the Captains fent, by the fame mclTcnger, to thefc un- known friends, a few bottles of rum, wioe and porter, which they fuppofed would be highly acceptable. Cap- tain Cook alio fent, in company with Derramoullik, Corporal Lcdiard, of the marines, an intelligent man, for the purpofc of gaining farther information ; with orders, that if he met with anv Ruflians, he (hould en- deavour to make them undcrltand, that wr were £ng- lifhmcn, the friendt and aiiies of their nsition. Saturday the loih, Corporal I^diard returned with ibicc iUiifun fcaincn, or iuttkii, who wi|)) fevcral others refidcd at Kgoochlhac, where they had (0.1,.. flore-houfes, a dwcliinf^-hoiilc, and a Hoop of about n tons burthen. One ot thefe Kiifli.ins was cither Man , or Mate of this vclRl. Thi y were all three intcllimn. wt'.i-bchavcd men, anil extremely ready to ^;lvcll,, ,1 the information we could delirc. But for want ot jn interpreter, we found it very dinicult to undcrlland each other. They appeared to have a perfect knou. ledge of the attempts which their countrymen had mmij to navigate the I-rozcn Ocean, and of the dilcovcrif, that had iKCn nndc from Kamtfchatka, by Httciim; Tlcherikoff, and Spanj-cnbcrg. But they had not the leall idea to what part of the world Mr. Stxhiin'* nian referred, when it was laid l)cfore them. WhenCaptail, Cook pointed out Kamtfchatka, and fome other placet u(X)n this map, they alked him whether he h.id I'ccn the illands there reprelrntcd ; and, on his anl'werini? in the negative, one ot them put his finger upo[i , part of the map, where a number of illands are Ijij down, and faid that he had cruifcd there in featch ot land, but could never meet with any. The Captu,, then Ihcwcd ihcm his own chart, and found that tlity were ftrangcri to every part of the coaft of Ainericj except that which lies oppolitc this iflsnd. One ot thelc men faid, that he had been with Ueering mhu American voyage; but he mull then have bcm very young ; lor even now, at t he dilfance of 37 years, lie hid not tnc appearance of being ageil. Never was greater rcfpecl paid to the memory of any eminent pcrfon than by thefc men to that of Bcering. The tr^de in which they arc engaged is very advantageous, anj n, being undertaken and extended to the ejlt«ard o| Kamtfchatka, was the immediate refult of the Iccond voyage of that dillinguilhcd navigator, whole ni;jlor- tunes proved the fource of much private benefit to individuals, and of public utility to the Kullian empire. And yet, if his diflreires had not accidentally carried him to the ifland which bears his rwmc, where he ended his life, and from whence the remainder of hii ihin', crew brouj^ht back fjK-cimeni of it.s val • turs, the Kufliant would probably have under 'o lu-ure voyages, whicii could lead them to ma erie! in this lea, towards the Airwrican coall. indeed, alter his time, thtir miniltry leem to have paid lefs atiennon to this object; and lor what difcoveries have heeii lince made, wc arc principally indebted to the enrerpntini' fpirit ol private merchants, c icouniged, however, by the fupcrintendmg care of r*-^ court of IVtcilburi,'. l he three llullians having remained all night wiilutie Ck)inmodore, vilited Captain Clerkc the follomni' morning, and then departed, perfectly latisfieti with the reception they had met wit S. They proimfcd to re- turn in a few days, and bring with them a chart uf the illaodi lituate iKtwcen Kimtfchatka and Oona- Ulhka. In the evening of the 14th, while Captain Cook and Mr. Webber were at a village, nut far (rem Samganoodha, a KufTian landed there, who proved to be the princi{)al pcrfon among his countrymen in thu and the adjacent illcs. His name was Kraiim Grego> rioff Sin Ilmylofl'. He arrived in a canoe that earned three pcrfons, attended by twenty or thirty fmaller a- noes, each conduced by one man. Immediately alter landing, they conflrudled a fmall tent for Ilmylofl, of materials which they had brought with them, and they afterwards made others for thcmfelves,of their ca- noes and paddles, which they covered with gral'j. If. myiotf having invited the Clnptain and .Mr. Webber into his tent, fct before them fome dried falmun anJ berries. 1 le appeared to Ik a man of fenic ; and tht Captain felt no fmall mortification in not being able to converfe with him, except by figns, with the allillancc of figures, and other charaders. The Captain rcquclicd him to favour him with his company on board the ncit day, and accordingly he came with all his attendants. He had indeed moved into the neighbourhood of our flation, for the cxprcfs purpofc of waiting upon us. The Commodore was in hopes of receiving from him the chart which his three countrymen had promifed, but he was difappointed. However, Ifmyloff alTurcd him he Uiould have it, and he kepi his word. The Capuio COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 569 ft' c, where they had I'o Ciptain found him very well acquainted with the geo- M^iphyot thole pans, and with ail the difcovcrie* which ^ Seen i'>»dc in this quarter by the RulFians. On fce- . itiodtrn maps, he inftantly pointed out their er- ne (ail) iie had accompanied Lieutenant Syndo, (as ho iillid him) Synd, in his northern ex- "•dition: and, according to hit account, they did '^"t pioi^i'i^d farther than the Tfchukotlkoi Nofs, orrathcrthanSt. Lawrence's Bay; for he pointed on r chart t or three Captains, or chief men. »lio had been miirdircd by them ; and fomc ol the lUillians Ihewed us wounds, which they de- clare.! ihcv had received there. Ifmylott alfo informed us, ,l,,(,n[|..c)(Mr 1 77,J, an expedition had been undertaken into the b'lo/vn Ocian in llidges, over the uc, to three |iri;c ilUnds that ate lituate opiiolite the mouth of the tuir kovynia. But a voyage which ho faid he himfelf hid pcrloriued, engaged our attention more than any other. He told us that on the 1 2th of May, 1771, he fjilalfromBolchtretzk, in Kamtfchatka, in a Kullian vcflli toMireekan. oneof the Kurile illands, where there is an harbour, and a Kiiirian fettlement. !• rom this iiUnd he proceeded to J.ioan, where hu continuance .tppcars to liave been but Ihort; for, as foon as the Ja- pmclc knew that he and his companions prolcHcd the thriltuin laith, they made ligns for them to depart ; but dill iioi, fo far as we could uiiderlfand him, oiler any iiifuli or violence. From Japan he repaired to Canton, in China; and from thence, in a French Ihip tj Irance. He then travelled to I'eterlbiirgh, and »3i altcrwards lent out again to Kamtfchatka. VVe ciiul I not learn what became of the vellll m which he tirit embarked, nor what was the principal intention u( the voyage. I lis being unable to fjK-ak one word (il the French language, rendereil this llory rather lul- picioiis; he fiemed clear, however, as to the times of his.irrivai at the different places, and of his departure from ihcin, which he put down in writing. The next luornin^ (^Kruiay the 16th) he offered Captain Cook a Ili-Dttcr Ikm, which he faid was wotth 80 roubles at K iintfchiika. The Captain, however, thought proper 1 > decline the offer ; but accepted of fome dried lil)i, ani feviral b:ilkcts of the lily, or faranne root. In the altcrmidn, Ifmyloll', after having dined with Captain Cleike, lelt us with all his retinue, but promifed tore- turn in a few days. Accordingly, <>n the 19th, he paid us another vifit, bringing with him the charts above-mentioned, which he permitted Captain Cook to copy, and the contents of which arc the foundation ot ihc following remarks. Thcfe charts were two in number, they were both manut'eripts, and bore every mark of authenticity. One of them comprehended the Pcnlhinlkian fca ; the coaft No. 69, of Tartary, as low as the lat. of 41 deg. N. the Kurile Illands, and the peninfula of Kamtfchatka. Since thia chart had been made, Wawfcelce Irkeechofi*. a naval captain, explored, in the year 1758, the coaflof Tar* tary, from Okotlk, and the river Amur, to Japan, or 4 1 deg. of northern lat. We were informed by Mr. Ifmy- lofF, that a great part of the fea-coall of Kamtfchatka had been corrected by himfelf; and he defcribed the inlfrumcnt ufed by him for that purpofe, which mull have been a theodolite. He alfo told us, that there were only two harbours proper for ftiipping, on all the cadern coall of Kamtfchatka, viz. the bay of Awatfka, and the river Olutora, in the bottom of the gulph of the fame name ; that there was not one harbour on its wedern coalf ; and that Yamlk was the only one, except Okotlk, on all the wclfLrn lide of the Pcnihinfkian lea, till we come to the river Amur. The Kurile Iflands contain but one harbour, and that is on the N, E. lid« of Mureekaiij where, as we have already mentioned, the Ruilians have a fettlement. The other chart com- prehended all the difcoverics that the Ruilians had made to the catfward of Kamtfchatka, towards Ame- rica. That part of the American coart, with which Tfchcrikort' fell in, is bid down in this chirt between the lat. of 58 deg. and 58 and an half deg. N. and 75 deg. of callcrn long, from Okotfk, or 218 and an half de„'. fioiu (jreenwich ; and the place where Beering anchored in 59 and an half deg. ol lat. and 63 and an half deg. of long, frotn Okotlk, or 207 deg. fromC-rcen- wich. lo fay nothing of the long, which may, from levcral caufcs, be erroneous, the lat. of the coall difco- vtred by Beering and Tfcherikoft". particularly that part of if which was difcovcred by the latter, dilFcrs conli- dcrably from Mr. Muller's chart. Whether the chart now produced by IfmylofT, or that of Muller, be moll erroneous in this refpert, it may be difficult to deter- mine. According to Ifmylotf's account, neither the numlnr nor the fituation of the iflands which arc dif- perfci! ctween 52 deg. and 55 deg. of lat. in the fpace between Kamtfchatka and America, is properly al'cer- tained. He ftrick out about a third of them, alFuring us th.it they did not cxill; and he contiderably altered the fituation of others, which he faid was neccfFary, from theobfefvations which he himfcif had made ; and there was no reafon to entertain a doubt about this. As thefe iflands are nearly under the fame parallel, different na- vigators, milled by their different reckonings, might catily milbkc one ifland, or duller of iflands toj- ano- ther; and imagine .they had made a new difcovery, when they had only found old ones ; in a pofuion fomc- whatditVcicnt from that which their former vilitors had afligncd to them. The illcs of St. Theodore, St. Ste- phen, St. Abraham, St. Macarius, Seduction Ifland, and ieveral others, which arc reprefented in Mr. Muller's chart, were not to be found in this now produced to us ; nay, Ifmyloff and the other Ruflians affurcd Cap- tain Cook, that they had been frequently fought for without cfiecf. Nevcrthelcfs, it is difficult to believe, that Mr, Muller could place them in his chart without fome authority. Captain Cook, however, confiding in the tellimony of thele people, whom he thought com- petent witncffes, omitted them in his chart; and made fuch corrections refpccf ing the other iflands, as he had reafon to think were neceffary. We Ihall now proceed to give fome account of the iflands, beginning with thofe which arc nearcfl to Kamtfchatka, and computing the long, from the har- bour of Petropaulowlka, in the bay ot Awatfka. The lirfl is Beering's ifland, in 55 deg. of northern lat. and 6 deg. of eaflern long. At the dillance of 10 leagues from the fouthern extremity of this, in the diredlion of li. by S. or E. S. E. lland$ Maidenoi Oftroff, or the Copper Ifland. The next idand is Atakou, in the lat. of 52 deg. 45 min. and in the long, of 15 deg. or 16 deg. 1 he extent of this iUand is about 1 8 leagues in the diredion of £. and W. and it is perhaps the fame land which Beering fell in with, and to which he gave the name of Mount St. John. Wc next come to « duller of fix or moreiflandst two of which, Amiukand Atghka, are of confiderabic extent, and each of them 7 E h«« IMP, !(:■, HI; J i; (J .1' ,1 Ml 1 ■\; m li' i I' I M \ -^i:. ■ :'.; U, 1" MHf M 14,: i-t mi tijl ii HR'J m ' ■ '' ^ MP I'.hI 57' Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. i:*^ ..J!.V has a good harbour. The middle of this ^-roup lies in the lac. of 51 deg. 30 min. and i8 deg. of long from the bay of Awatlka, and its extent is abwit four degrees in the dire(flion of E. and W. Thefc are the iflcs that I.myloff faid were to be removed four degrees to the cnftward. In the fituacion they have in Captain Cook's chart, was a group, comprehendirT 10 little illands, which we were informed were entirely to be (Iruck out; and alfo two iflands, fituate between them and the group to which Oonalaflika appertains. In the place ot thefe two, an illand, named Amoghta, was intro- duced. The (ituation of many of thefe iflands may, perhaps, be erroneoully laid down. But the pofltion of the lar gcft group, of which Oonalafhka is one of the mott confiom'aie iflands, is free from fuch errors. Moll of the iflands that compofe this clufler, were feen by us; their long, and lat. were therefore determined with to- lerable accuracy ; particularly the harbour of Samga- noodha, in Oonalauika, which muft be confidettd as a fixed point. This group may be faid o extend as far as Halibut Iflcs, wnicharc forty IcaguCi^ diflant from Oonalafl)Ua, towards the E. N. t. Within thefe iflcs, a pallage, commun:cacing with Briliol Pay, was marked in Ifmylotf's chart, which converts about 15 Leagues of the coafl, that Captain CK)k had fuppoicd to be part of the contiiKnt, into an ifland, named Ooncc- ruk. This palfagc might caliiy cfcape us, being, as we were informed, extremely narrow, (hallow, and only to be navigated through with boats, or vcfllis of very finall burthen. From the chart, as well as from the tcftimony ot Ifmylofland his countrymen, it appears, that this '. as f.ir as the Ki;i'hcre the naiives gave the note to Captain Gierke ; which being dcli.vrcd to Ifrnylort" for his pe- rufal. he faid, that it had been written at Oomanak, From him wc procured the name of Kodiak, the largcll ol Schumagin's Ifla.nis; for it ha(' ..o name af- figned to it upon the chart which he pro(ok cn- trufled to his care a letter to the Lords of the Admit ralty, cncloflng a chart of all ute northern coafU wc had vifltcd. Umylofl' faid there would be an oppor- tunity of tranfinitting it to Kamtfchatka, or OkotiK, in the courfc of the fucceedmg fpring t and chat it would be at Fctcrfbutg the following winter. He gave the Captain a letter to Major Bchm, Governor ol Kamtf- chatka, who refldcs at Bolcherctik, in that peninfula i and another to the commanding officer at Petropau- lowflu. This gentleman fcetned to poflefs abiliiicf that might entitle him fo a higher flacion than that in which we found him. He haiTcQnfidcrable knowledge in allronomy, and in the moft ufeful branches of the mathematics. Captain Cook made him a prefent of 11, Hadlcy's odbint { and though, perhaps, it was the lua he had ever feen, he very quickly made himfclf ac. quainced with moft of the ufes to which that inrtru. ment can be applied. Thurfday the aad, in the morning, we made an' at. tempt to ^t out to Tea, with the wind at S. E. but did not fuccecd. In the afternoon of the 2 3d, wc were vilired by one Jacob Iv.novitch Sopofnicutt, a KuHun who commanded a fmall veflcl ar Oomanak. Tliii mar, Teemed vc modeft, and would drink no ftrong liquor, of which the other Ruflians, whom we had met with here, were extremely fond. He appeared to know what fupplies could be obtained at the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul, and the price of the various articles more accurately chan Mr. Ifmy loff. But by all accounts' every thing we Jhould have occafion to purchafc at that place, was very (carcc, and bore a high price. This man informed us, that he was to be at Petropaulowilu in the enfuing May ; and, as we underftood, was to have the charge ol Captain Cook's Inter. He fccmcd vcrv detirous of having fome token from the Captain to carry 10 Major Behm ; and to gratify him, the Captain fent a f,->all fpying glafs. After we had contuacd in acquaintance with thefe Ruflians, fevcral of our gcnti . nicn, atditlercnt times, vifited their fcttlcmcnt un tU- ilLsnJ, where they always met with very friendly treat. ment. It conflfted of a dwelling-houfe and t*o lloic- houfes. Bcfides the Ruflians, there was a iiumbM ui the Kamtfchadales, and of the Oonalafhkans, as fcr. vai.is to the former. Some other natives of this iiLnd who appeared to be independent of the Hulliaiw. l,uj at th- lame place. Such of them a belonged tj itie Uuflians, were all of the male lex ; and they ate eithir taken or purchafcd from their parents when yoLi,'. There wcie ac prefent about twenty o^ thefc, who lumJ be conlidered in no other light than as children. Incy all rcfidc in the fame houfc, the Ruflians at the upixt end, the Kamtfchadales in the middle, andtheUnu- l-.iiikaiw at the lower end, where is fixed a capauuus bo'ier for preparing their food, which principally ion- lilts of filh, with the addition of w. Id roots andbanw. There is no great dilUrcnce between the firll andiall tabic, except what is produced by cookery, by which the Ruflians can make indifl'crent thinj^s palatable. They drtfs whale's flclli in fuch a ni.inner as to make it very good eating j and they have a kind of pn-pudthn^; of lalinon-roc, beaten up ti >e and fried, which is a to- Icrable fubftituie for bread. They may, perhaps, (». cationally tade real bread, or »ve a dilh in which Hoar IS one of the ingredients. I! we except the juici oi berries, which they generally (jp , : ;hcir meals, they drink no other liquor than pure water 1 and it rccini to be very fortunate for them that they have nothing flronger. As the ifland lurnitlKs them with fubliiltnte, fo It does in fomc imafurc with clothing. Ihii is chiefly compofed of (kins. The upper garment, which IS made like a waggoner's dock, reaches down to ihc knees. Bcfides this, they wear a waiflcoat or two,a pair ol breeches, a iur cap, and a pair ol boots, the legsol which arc tbrmed ot Ibme kind of Itrong gut, but the fbles and upper leathers arc of Ruflian Icadicr. Then two Chiefs, llinyloH' and Ivanovitch, wore a calico frock J and they, a« well as feveral others, had Ihitii of filk. Many Rufliana arc fettled upon all the molt confidcrable iflands between Kamtrchatka andUoua- lalbka, for the purpofc of collecting (urs. Their prin- cipal objedi IS the fea-bcaver or otter : but Ikinsol in- ferior value alfo make a part of their cargoes. Wc neglcdUd to enquire how long thtfy have had a fciilc- ment upon Ooiulafhka, and the neighbouring illandsi but if wc form our judgment on this point from ihc great fubjoifion the natives are under, this cannot bed a very lace date. Thefe furriers are from time to tunc fucceeded by others. Thole vye faw arrived hctc from Okotlkin 1776, and were to return in 1781. As for the native inhaiMtanti of thii ifland, they ire to all appearance a very peaceable, inolicnfivcraceof people i and in point of honcfty, they might fcrve is 1 pittttn T E. t uferul bunches of the nade him a prerent of m perhaps, it was the i„,i ckly made himfdf j^ M to which that inftru. orning, wc made an' at- the wind at S. E. but toon of the 23d, wcwcrc h Sopofnicott, a Kulfun (Tel sc Oomanak. Thii i would drink no ftrong Hans, whom wc had met J. He appeared 10 know ed at the harbour of St. ce of the various articlo' loft'. Butbyallaccounts] :a(ion to purchafe at ihit >ore a high price. This I to be at Petropaulowllu : underflood, was to ha\c letter. He fccmed very en from the Captain to gratify him. the Captain ter we had contracted an ns, fevcral of our gcnii . i their fcttlemcnt m il: with very friendly treat. ling-houfcand twollotc- there was a nuinba ui le Ounalaihkans, as fcr. thcr natives of this uUnJ, ent of the Uullians, Imj them a:i belonged to tnc lex ; and they arc cith.r •ir parents when yowi'. vcnty of ihcfe, who luuiJ t than as children. Incy the Kutlians at ihc upper c middle, and ihe Unu- hcre IS fixed a capaauus , which principillycon- ufwild roots and b.rna 3Ctwccn (he hrit and Ul) :d by cookery, by which H'crcnt things palaiaolc. :hanMnncraitointkcit ve a kind of pan-pudtj^ng and fried, which is a to- I'hey may, jK-rhaps, u- ave a dilh 111 which Hoar ' we oxci-pt the juici- oi fip ,: :hcir mealj, they utc water 1 and u fccim that they have nothinj; K-s them with fublillcnu, with clothing, fhii u he upper ({arnicnt, which x'k, reaches down to (he a \vainco.itur two,a[Mi( pair ot boots, the Icgioi )d of Strong gut, but the t Kudian Icaihcr. Thm anovitch, wore a calico feveral others, had lliiiti rtilcd upon all the inul) kjnitfcnatka and<.)tiiiJ- irtting furs. 'I'hcir ptin. or otter ; but Ikins ul in- t of their cargoes. Wc { thtfy have had a fettle- :hc neighbouring illinds; t on this point from the c under, this cannot be of ersare from time to tunc vyc faw arrived hete Irom return in 1781. II of thii inaiid, they ire cable, inoti'enlivcraceot \f, ihey might ferve Ml pittttn t*. ■ ''V . ■■,.-!\: W ''fw's' -i/oiiNiK-nHfl ;!* .fv ;J?.! . : '.u I. "' ii- if ^^^l\Ss;^.J Aj r;fi -i-T«-wpri^„,>;. |(; Hi );i Jiif a Pi* I '.ill fM#i| 11 if ,/!<■ I;! ;i .' -•,!; :?•" l'l>\ n i, 1 ti ]i i . » i ! i 'i .-^ ! i'-;!' "H ii s..."! ^\ fi "^"^ mil uisl iff ii ittct ^!«<«fii Itfifiilti . WfWfifif 1 'i? »-" .pr^s. '^ina^-' >'-^^ \^m ki rH| ;V!' ^I|H^■;^.:.^: li^ i if'if'^ 1'- (;i . I" r- ' ,;■!■ ' '- 1:!^; WP' \,M-\ if.:l ■I • ' * •" 1 !! 'i . i§gKSflJ3et- « ';,4^i ■ I It. ^::i H; -^ If 1 1 it . ; Bli it ill it ,' r; ! i * COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, 6cc. 57^ 4rij: '.''il _ pattern to the mod civilized nations. Bur, from what «,£ faw o^ their nciKhbouri, with whom the RulTians arc unconnected, we have feme doubt whether thin was ihcir original difpolition j and ire rather inclined to be of opinion, that it is the confecjuence of their prefent (late of fubj('(^ion. Indeed, if we did not milunder- Jland the Uudlaiis, they had been under the neccllity of making iome fcvere examples before they could bring the iflandcrs into tolerable order. If feverities were jlly jiiHiitcd at lirft, the beftexcufcfor them is, that they l><>^'^ produced the moll beneficial eft'cds; and, at Dftfcnt, the greatcft harmony fubfills between the Ruf- P„, and the natives. The latter have their own chiefs in each ifland, and feem to enjoy liberty and property without molellation. Whether they arc tributaries to the Kuirnns, or not, we could never learn; but wchad fonie «»•"" '° fuppofc that they arc. The people of Oonalafhka are in general rather low of ftaiure, but plump, and well (haped. Their necks •re cominoniy fliori, and they have fwarthy chubby faces. Thcyhaveblackeycsandfmallbcards. Theirhair ii iong.black, and llraight : the men wear it loofe behind, and cut before; but the women generally tic it up in a bunch. 1 he drcfs ol both fexcs is the fame with re- (atSi to f.tlhion, the only dilHrcnce is in the materials. Xj frock worn by the women is made of the Ikins of fcili; and that ol the men, of the fkins of birds ; both fMch below the knees. This contlitutcs the whole dfcfjof the females. But, over the fiock, the men wear another com[)i)rcd of gut, which water cannot Dcnctratc i it ha* a hood to it, which is dra\»i) over the hcaJ. Some ol them wear boots; and all of them wear a fort of oval Inoutctl cap, made of wood, with a rim that aiimits the head. They tlye thcfc caps with rrcen and o;lu-r colours; and round the upper part of the rim they lix the long brillles ol fome lea animal, on which glafs beads arc flrung ; and on the front is a fmall inupc or two formed of bune. They do not make ulc of paint ; but the women punclun- their laces Jlichtly, an.l both fexcs perlorate the lovvtr lip, in which they lix pieces of bone. Hut it is as uncoiumoii here to fee i man w:ih this ornament, as to oblcrvc a woimii without it. Some fix beads to the upper lip under the noQrils; and they all fufpcnd oriramtius in their cars. Fifli and other fea animals, birds, roots, berries, and even Ica-wccd, compofe their food. They dry cjuanti- iifj of hlh during the fumn>er, which they lay up in fmall huts for the*" ufe in winter; and, probably, they prclerve berries and roots for the fame Icalbn of fcar- city. They cat mod of their provilions raw. Boiling and broiling were the only methods of cookery that we favv iiracfil'cd among them ; and the fiiriner they in all probability Icatnt from the Rullians. Some have in their poirclfion fmall brafs kettles, and ihofe who have not, make one of a flat ftone, with fides of clay. Cap- uinCook once happened to be prefent, when the chief ol this ill.ind nude his dinner of the raw head of a large halibut, juft caught. Before any part of it was given to the chief, two of his fcrvanrs cat the gills, with no other ilrclfing than fqucezing out the flime. After this one of thein having cut off the head of the tilli, tmik It to the lea, and warned it, then came with it, and fiatedhimfelfby the chief j butnotbelorc he had pulled up f)inc grafs, upon a part of which the head was pUccd, and the rcll was (Ircwed before the chief. He then cut large pieces otf the cheeks, and put them within the reach of the chief, who fwallowed them with great fatisfaction. When he hail finilhcd his meal, the remains of the head licing rut in pieces, were given to the fcrvaius, who tore oH the meat with their teeth, and gnawed the bones like fo ir.any dogs. As thcOoiuiaflikins ufc no paint, they arc KTs dirty in their pcrfons than thofc favagcs who thus bclmear ihcmlelves j but they arc full as filthy in their houfes. The following is their method of building: they dig, in the ground, an oblong pit, which rarely exceeds fifty fret in length, and twenty m breadth > but the dimen- lions arc in general fmallcr. Over this cxcaTation they form the roof of woodi which they cover iirll with grafs, and then with earth, fo that the external appearance refemblcs a dung-hill. Near each end of the roof is left a fquare opening, which admits the light; one of thcfe openings being intended only for this purpofe, and the other being alfo ufed to go in and out by, with the alTiftancc of a ladder, or rather a poll, in which (leps are cut. In fome of the houfes there is another en- trance below, but this is rather uncommon. Round the fides and ends of the habitations, the families, fc- vcral of which dwell together, have tluir feparate apartments, where they fleep, and fit at work ; not on benches, but in a fort of concave trench, dug entirely round the inlideof the houfc, and covered with mats, fo that this part is kept pretty clean and decent. The fame cannot be faid of the middle of the houfe, which is common to ail the families. For, though it is co- vered with dry grafs, it is a receptacle for every kind of dirt, and the place where the urine trough ftandsi the ftench of which is by no means improved by raw hides, or leather, being almoll continually fteeped in it. Behind, and over the trench, they place the few effects that they have in their paflcfTion, fuch as their mats, fkins, and apparel. Their furniture confifts of buckrts, cans, wooden bowls, fpoons, matted bafkcts and fometimcs a RufTian kettle or pot. All thefe uten- fils are made in a very neat manner ; and yet wc ob- ferved no other tools among them than the knife and the hatchet ; that is, a fmall Hat piece of iron, made like an adze, by lixing it into a crooked wooden handle. Though the Kudtans live among thefe people, we found much Icfs iron in pofTelTion of the latter, thanwc had met with among other tribes on the neighbouring continent of Amei ica, who had never feen the Rullians, nor perhaps had any intercourfe with them. Probably a lew beads, and a fmall quantity of tobacco and fhuft, puichafc all they have to Ipare. There are few of them that do not both fmoke and chew tobacco, and take fnutf. They did not appear to be very dcfirous of more iron, or to want ,?ny other inllruments, except fewing needles, their own being formed of bone. With thefe they few their canoes, and make their clothes, and alfo work very curious embroidery. They ufe, inftead of thread, the fibres of lincws, which they fplit to the thicknefs which is required. All fewing is performed by the females. They arc the flioc-makers, taylors, and boat-builders, or boat-coverers ; for the men, in all probability, conUruCt the wooden frame, over which the fkins are fewed. They manufa»^ure mats, and balkets of grafs, which arc both ftrong and beautiful. There is, indeed, a neatncf* and perfection in moft of ihcirwork, that (hews they are neither deficient in in- genuity nor pcrfcvcrance. Wc did not obferve a fire- place in any one of their habitations. They are lighted, as well as heated, by lamps ; which, though (imple, ef- fectually anfwcr the purpofe for which they arc in- tended. They confill of a flat ftotie, hollowed on one tide like a plate; in the hollow part they put the oil, mixed with fome dry grafs, which fcrvcs for a wick. Both fexcs often warm ihemfclves over one of thefe lamps, by placing it between their legs, under their garments, and fitting thus over it for fcveral minutes. Thefe people produce fire both by coUilion and attri- tion ; the firft by ftriking two f^ones againll each other, on one of which a quantity of brimflonc has been pre- viouUy rubbed. The latter method is performed by means of two pieces of wood, one of which is flat, and the other is a (lick of the length of abo«t a foot and a half. They prcfsthc pointed end of the ftichupon the other piece, whirling it nimbly round as a drill, and thus fire is procured in a few minutes. This methixt is common in many countries. It is not only pradifed by thcfc people, but alio by the Kamtfchadales, the Grccnianders, the Otaheitcans, the New Hollanders, and the Brazilians, and probably by other nations. Same men of learning and genius have founded an ar- gument on this cuOom, to prove that this and that na- tion are of the fame extradion. But cafual agreements, in a few particular inlhnces, will not wholly authorize I'uch a conclufKHi; nor, on the other hand, will a dif. agreement, either in manners or cu'^oms, between two ditfercnc j ; M t;. 572 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 11 m 1 ; <4 km Wm different nations, prove of courfc that they are of dif- ferent cxtraaion. We faw no offenlivc, nor even dc- fenfive weapon among the natives of Oonalalhka. It can fcarcdy be fuppofcd that the Ruffians found them in fuch a dcfcncelcis ftate } it is rather to be imagined, that, for their own fecurity, they have difarmcd them. Political motives, iiitewifc, may have induced the Ruf- fians not to permit thefe illanders to have any large ca- noes ; for wc can hardly believe they had none fuch ori- ginaliv, as we founc' them among all their neighbours. However, we obfer 'cd none here except two or three that belonged to the !v thefe darts by the afllfiancc of a thin piece of wtjod, twelve or fourteen inches long; the middle of this is (lightly hollowed, for the better reception of the weapon; and at the ternunation of the hollow, which docs not ^lend to the end, is fixed a (hort pointed piece of 1>one, to prevent the dart from (lipping. The other extremity is furnilhed with a hole ibr the reception of |hc fore-finger, and the tides arc made to coincide with the other fingers and thumb, in order to grafp with greater firmnefs. The natives throw thefe darts to the diOance of eighty or ninety yardi, with great force and dexterity. Iney arc exceedingly expert in (Iriking filh, both in the lea, and in rivers. They alfo ufc h(X)ks and lines, nets and wears. The lines arc formed of twilled Qnev/t, and the hooks of bone. Whales, por^ioifes, grampufes, halibut, fword-fiih falmon, trout, cod, foals, nat-filh, and feveral oti,^' forts, arc found here; and there may be many more that we had not an opportunity of feeing. Salmon and ha libut appear to be in the grcatefi plenty ; and on them the people of thefe iflcs principally fublilt; at Jcalf they were the only fort of filh, except cod, thatwcob,' fcrved to be laid up for their winter ftore. Seals and all that tribe of fca animals, are not fo nunicroi'is ^ they are in many other leas. Nor can this be thoueht furprizing, lince there is hardly any part of the coart on either continent, nor any of thefe ifiands, (ituate be twecn them, but what is inhabited, and whofc inhabi' tants hunt thefe animals for their ftKid and clothm." Sea horfesare, indeed, to be found in prodigicms niim bcrs about the ice ; and the fea-otter is (carce an where to be met with but in this fea. An aiiimai wjj fometimes feen by us, that blew after the manner of whales. It had a head refembling that of a feal. ir was I-irger than that animal, and its colour waswhitt with dark fpots intcrfperfcd. This was pethaps the manati,or fca-cow. Water fowls are neither found here in fuch numben nor in fuch variety, as in the northern parts ot the Ai- lantic Ocean. However there are fome in thcl'e pans that we do not recollec'l to have lecn in other couniricsl particularly the aica monochroa of Stellcr, and a bhtk and white duck, which we jmigc to be ditfcrcnt truni the (lone duck ihat Kralheniniki>lf has dclaibid m lu Hifiory of Kamtfchatka. All the other birdj wc (n, are mentioned by this author, except fo:ne wbith u- obftrved near the icc; anil the greatell put ui thck' it not all, have been dcfcribcd by Martin, m his vova.- 10 Ciretnland. It is foinewhit e.xtiaoid.naiy, that pi!;^ guins, which are fo frequently met with in m.inv njrts ol the wdild, llioul.l not bL- louiul in this Ua. ;\;|,j. troHis too are extremely Itarcc here. Tlic (cw land birds fetn by us are the faiiit with thole ot Kuropc- but there were probably iiuiiy otheis which mc had nj oppoitunity of obferving A very beautilul bird \ui (hot in the woods at Noiion Sound ; whicli, wc uidcr- itand. IS lomctiires found in England, ami kiiow.idy the appellation of chatterer. Our people faw oihtr fmall birds there, but in nogre^^t abundance orvarirtv fuch as the buillinch, the wtKxl-pcckcr, the yellow.' finch, and tit-moufe. Ourexcurlion^ and ohfcrvaiions being confined tothc fea coalJ. we cannot be expected to have nuiJi kHo*. ledge of the animals or vegetables of the couniiy. There are few other inltcts btiides miiliiuitocs, and«c faw few reptiles except laards. There ate no deer at Oonalaflika, or any of the neighbouiing illaiids; nor are there any domeitic aniinaU, not even dogs. H'c.u feU ?nd loxes weie the only quadrujicds we ohfervcdj but the natives told us, that they had likewifc haris] and the maiinottas mentioiicil by Kradicninikoli' Hence it appears, that the inhabitants piociirc the greateft fliare ot their food Irom the lea and rivcu. ■l"hey arc alio indebted to the fea lor all tnc wood which they ufc for liuilding, ,iik1 other nccellary purpolis ; as there is not a tree to be icen growing upon any ol the ifiands, nor upon the neighbouring coall of the con- tincnt. The leeds of plants are laid to be conveyed, by various means, from one part of the world to ano- thcf ; even to ifiands lying in the midft ol cxtcmisc oceans, and far dillant troiD any other lands. Ic i> thcTcfoic remarkable, that there are no trees growing oi this part of ihe American continent, nor upon any oi the adjacent iiles. They are doubtlefs at well lituatcd ♦or receiving feeds, by the various ways wc have heard of, as thofe coalls which have plenty of wood. Nature has, perhaps, denied to fome foils the txjwer of raid: ;^ trees, without the affifiancc of art. With refpcd to the drift-wood, upon the Ihoies of thefe illands, wc have no doubt of its coming from Aineritj. For though there may be none on the neighbouring coad, a fumcient quantity .nay grow farther up the coun- try, which may be broken loofc by torrents in the fpring, and brought down to the fea; and not a little may be conveyed from the woody coalls, though litu- 3 atcd "' ^^ ^-.^W.CteuU, COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 573 more confidcrabic diftancc. But plants are Several of aii'J at "i be tinmd in great variety at Oonalaihka ih-m are fuch a^ we meet with in Europe, and alfo in Vcwfoundiand, and other parts of America i and thtrs of them, which are likewife found in Kamtf- haika, '"■'^ eaten by the natives both there and here. 1)1 thcfc, KraflieninikolV has favoured us with defcrip- lons. 'fhc principal one is the Saranne, or lily root; uj^i, is about as large as a root of garlick, round, and fPiiipoftd of a number of fmail cloves and grains. Whcii boiled it fomewhat refembles faloop ; the tafte oi It is not difagrceablc. It does not appear to be in ,f(,t abundance. Among the food of the natives *c niay reckon fome other wild rootsj the ftalk of a plant not unlike angelica ; and berries of different fpccies, fuch as cranberries, hurtlc-bcrtics, bramble-berries, and hcath-bcrries ; befidcs a fmall red berry, which, in Newfoundland, is denominated partridge berry; and another brown berry, with which wc were unac- cuaintcil. This has fomewhat of the tafte of a floe, hut is different from it in every other rcfpert. When fjicn in a confiderablc quantity it is very aftringent. Brandy may be diftillcd trom it. Captam Gierke cn- itavourcd to prefcrve fome ; but they fermented, and tKcamc as ftrong as if they had been ftecpcd in fpirits. There were fcvcral plants which were fcrviceable to us, but are not ufcd cither by the Hu^ians or natives, fuch ai wild purllain, pea-tops, a kind of fcurvy grafs, crclfo, and fome others. On the low ground, and in ihc valleys is plenty of grafs, which grows very thick, and to a great length. Among the inhabitants, native fulphur was fecn, but we had no opjwrtunity of learn- ini! «hcrc they got it. Wc found alfo ochre ; a ftone that gives a purple colour; and another that gives a \cry good green. In its natural (late it is of a greyilh crcen colour, coarfc, and heavy. It diffolves ealily in iiil.hut it entirely lofcs its properties when put into water, it fccmcd to be I'carce in Oonala(hka, but, wc were told, It uas in greater plenty in the iflandof Oonemak. The inhabitants of Oonalaihka bury their dead on ihc fiiminitsof hillr, and raife a little hillock over their craves. There was one of thefc receptacles of the dead bv the lidc of the njad leading from the harbour to the tlllasfi o^f^f wbich was raifed a heap of Hones. It was obferved that every one who pallid it ailded one to it. In the country, wc faw fcvcral ftone hillocks, that fceined to have been railed by art ; and nijnyofthciiiwercapparenilyofgreatamiquity. Thcfc people are remarkably chearful and friendly among lath other; and always behaved with great civility to us. Tho Ruffians told us, that they never had any con- nections with their women, bccaufe they were not Chriftians. Our people were not fo fcrupulous; and fome of them had rcafon to repent that the females of Oonalaihka encouraged their addrcffes without any refcrve; for their health futfcred by a diftcmper that is not unknown here. We have had occalion to mention frequently, from the time of our arrival in Prince William's Sound, how remarkably the natives on this north-weft iidc of Ame- rica, relembic the Grecnianders and Efquimeaux, in various particulars of perfon, drefs. weapons, canoes, and the like. We were, however, much Icfs ftiuck with this, than with the affinity fubfiftmg between the dialec'ls of the Grecnianders and Efquimaux, and thole of Oonalaihka and Norton's Sound. But we mult obferve, with refped to the words which were colleded by us on this lidc of America, that too much ftrefs is not to be laid upon their being accurately reprefentcd ; for, after the death of Mr. Anderfon, we had few who took any great degree of pains about fuch matters; and wc have often found that the fame word, written down by two or more perfons, from the mouth of the fame native, differed confiderably on being compared to- gether. Ncverthclels, enough is certain to authorize this judgment, that there is great rcafon to fuppofc, that all thcfc nations arc of the fame extraction; and if that be the cafe, there is little doubt of there being a northern communication by fea, between the weftern fide of America, and the caftern fide, through Baffin's Bay ; which communication, however, is perhaps ef- fectually Ihut up againll fliips, by ice, and other ob- ftrudions ; luch, at Icalt, was Captain Cook's opinioa at this time. In thefc part? the tides are not very confiderablc, except in Cook's River. The flood comes from the S. or S. E. following the diredion of the coaft to the N. W. Between Cape Prmcc of Wales and Norton Sound we found a current letting towards the N. W. particu- larly off that Cape, and within Sledge Ifland. This current, however, extended but a little way from the coaft, and was neither confillent nor uniform. To the N. of Cape I'nncc of Wales, we obferved neither tide nor current, cither on the coaft of America, or that ol Alia. This circumftancc gave rife to an opi- nion, w hich fome of our people entertained, that the two coafts were conneded either by land or ice ; and tlwt opinion received fome degree of ftrcngth, from our never having any hollow waves from the north- ward, aod from our feeing ice almort the whole way acrofs. From the fcvcral obfcrvations made during our continuance in the harbour of Samganoodha, its latitude is y\ deg. 5 min. N. and its longitude 193 dcg. I 29 min. 45 fee. E. C H A P. XIII. Tlx Refoklion and DI/cKYry Inkf ibt'iiJtparlure frotn Sim^anoodba Harlioiir, in the ijLtnd of OaiulajJA.t — Sdiutivich Ijlaiuii ibt appoinlfd place of mJezvotts—Ptifs ihr ijland of /tmnghia — Tbe ftrait teKwen OottaldjHd and Oonclla rcpaffed— Run io ibf South — One man killed, and others -ioiinded, on board tbe Difiovery — Mouee, one of tbe Saiidwicb ijlands de-w fcri(4—A v'llil from a ehief, named Terreeoioo — jinotber ijlund, called Oivbyhee, difcavered — 1 be crew refiife to drink fu- gur-eane liquor — Tbe cordage in the navy and menbaiitsjervice compared — Favourable account of tbe natives of Uivhyhee —The Refolulion gets to the windxvard of tbe ijland — Is joined by tbe Difco'Veij — Tlie two jlips ancbor in Karakakooa li.iy, afier it had been examined by Bligh — /« the interim, multitudes of the ijlanders arefeen, and vifits received from iitMt of thenh—KarakakoOii Bay defcribed — Tbejhips furrounded by tbe natives — Difpotic aulbority of the chiefs over them —A lifit from Koab — Tbe Moral at Kakooa defcrihed — UJfiring made to Captain Cook — Obferjalorics ereUcd — Tbt gnund on which tbey are placed tabooed— Mttbod of curing meat in tropical climates. ON Monday, the a6ih of Odobcr^ wc failed from Samganondha harbour, when, the wind being fouthcrly, wc Hood to the wcdvNard. The . Commodore's intention was to proceed to Sandwich Illandi, in order to pafs a few of the winter months there, if we Ihould meet with the neceffary refrclh- ments, and then dire(fl our courfe to Kamtfchatka, fu at to endeavour to arrive there by the middle uf May, in the enfuing year. This being determined Oh, the Commodore delivered into the hands of Captain Gierke inllrudlions how to proceed in cafe of No. 70. feparation, Sandwich Iflands being appointed for the full place of rendezvous ; and for the fccond, Petro- Eaulowika, in Kamtfchatka. Having got out of the arbour, the wind veered to the S. E. with which wa were carried to the wcllern part of Oonalaihka, by the evening. Wc had here the wind at S. and ftretchcd to the weft ward. On Tuefday the 27th, at fevcn o'clock A. M. we wore, and Hood to the E. The wind had now fo greatly increafed, as to reduce us to our three cour- fes. It blew in heavy fqualls, accompanied with fnow, hail, and rain. On the 28th, in the morning, Oona- 7 F lalhka •t. , •■'< I '(mm i 1;\ I :i I 1 a ■ .! i ;p :l ' 1,1 'f 'l.-1'l'i'K 11 H' DU Capt. C O O Ks VOYAGES C O M P L K I' E. u \ :\ i'i it- I ! ■ ^/Ikfc ■Ml! \m^l ^^^u,.. 'iW^hiii!^ ladika bort S. L. four leagues dillant. We now ftood to the wellwaril ; but towards evening;, the wind, after it had for a thort tiiUc abated, got infcnlibly to the N. L. iiKrcalin^ trt a very hard gale, accompanied with rain ; we therefore rteered firll to tlic fouthward, and then, as the wind inclined to the N. and N. W. more wcrtirly. On Thurfday the ^6th, at half part fix, A. M. 1 md wasdefcricd, fuppofcd to be the ifland of Amoghta. At eight, finding it not in our power to weather the illand, we gave over plying, and bore away with the view of going to the N. of Oonalafhka, not prcfuming in fo hard a gale of wind to attempt a paflTage to the S. K. of it. When we bore away, the land ektended from 1'.. by S. half S. to S. S. W. diilant four leagues. Our lat. was 5,j dcg. 38 min. and our long, lyt dcg. 17 min. \\ hich gives a very diHcreni liiuation to this illand from that affigned to it upon the Rufllan map; and Captain Cook was at a lofs to dctcrinine whether it was Amoghta or not; but on t*c chart, Kienitzcn's and Levallieti 's voyage, in 1768 and 1769, an illand called Amucktais l.iid down, not very far Iroiu the place here alligned to A moghta by Captain C(M>k. As we were (K cring to the \. E. at I I o'clock we difcovcrcd a rock, elevated like a tower, bearing N. N. 1^. about four leagues didant, and fituatcd in lat. 53 dcg. 57 min. long, im deg. 2 iiiin. This rock is not marked in the Rudlan map, pro- duced by Ifinylortj yet it has a place in the chart of Kienitzcn's and Lcvaflicti 's voyage. That chart alfo a.jrces with Captain Cook's, as to the general polition tit this group oi illands. The lingularly indented fliorcs uf the illand of Oonalalhka, arc rcprefcnted in both charts nearly alike. Thefe cifcumrtanccs are worthy ol notice, as the more modern Kullian maps of this .-\r- tliipelago arc fo exceedingly erroneous. At three in the afternoon we had in view Oonalafhka; upon which wc fhortcncd fail, and hauled the wind, being unable to run through the pafFage before night. Friday, the 20th, we had a very hard gale at W. N. W. with heavy fqualls and fnow, inrumuch that we were comiielled to bear away under courfcs, and clofe-reefcd top-fails. At noon, we were about the middle of the (Irait, between Oona- Idllika and Oonella, the harbour of Samganoodha, bear- ing S. S. E. one league dillant. At three o'clock, P. M. wc were through the flrait, and clear of the illcs. Cape Providence bearing W. S. W. dillant three leagues. On Sunday, the ill of November, the wind was fa- vourable, and we flood to fca. The weather was fairer than it had been at any time fince we cleared Samga- noodha Harbour, at it is called by the Kullians, or Pro- vidence Bay, as it was named by Captain Cook. On the sd, the wind was at S. and, in the evening, blew a vio- lent Itorm, which occalioned us to bring to. Several guns were fired by theDifcovcry, whichwe immediately anfwercd. We loft fight of her at eight o'clock; nor did fhe join us till ten the next morning, beiiig the 3d. On Saturday the 7th, in lat. 45 deg. \2 min. long. 201 (kg. 26 nun. K. a fliag, or cormorant, flew often round the (liip. As it is not common for thefe kind of birds to go far from land, we concluded theic might be fome :it no great diflancc, though wc did not difcovcr any. i laving but little wind, Captain Clerke came on board with foiiic melancholy intelligence. He informed us, ihrt the fecond night after we had departed from Pro- sidcnce Bay, or Samganoodha, the tnain-tack of the Difcovery gave way, by which accident John Mackin- tolh, fcaman, was flruck dead, and the boatfuain, with three other mariners, much wounded. He added, that on the 3d, his fliip having fprunk a leak, and the rig' ging received contiderabic damage, he lired foinc guns as a fignal for the Kcfolution to bring to. On the 8th wc were favoured with a gentle breeze at N. attended with clear weather. On the 9th, wc had eight hours ca!in ; to which fuccecdcd a w ind from the S. accom- panied with fair weather. Such of our people as could lundle a needle, were now employed to repair the fails ; and the carpenters were dircded to put the boats in or- iler, Thurfday, the i ith, we obfcrved in lat. 38 dcg. 14 min. long. 206 deg. 17 min. The wind returned hack to the northward i and on Sunday the 15th, in lat. J J deg. 30 mm. it veered co the E. We now faw a tro- on iinia- Hith pic bird, and a dolphin, the fill we had ohftrvcii m our palfage. On Tucfday, the 1 7th, the wind was foiuh ward, at which point it remained till the 19th, in tv afternoon, when it was fuddcniy brought round by ihf W. to the N. "The wind increased to a very flrong gale, and brought us under double-reefed top-failj. \v, were now in lat. 32 dcg. iG min. long. 207 dcg. .3 min. E. In towering the main top-fail, in order ro reef it, the violence of the wind tore it out of the foot-ropt and it was fplit in feveral parts. We got, however' another top-fail to the yard the next morning. Thjj gale proved to be the forerunner of the trade-wmd which, in lat. 25 deg. veered to the E. and E, s f' Wc llcered to the fouthward till Wednefday, the 2 th when we were in lat. 20 deg. 55 min. On the 2M\, aj day-break, wc difcovcred land, extending from S. s' t to W.' 4t cigh: o'clock we flood for it, when ij ex tended from S. E. half S. to W. the ne.ueil patt bcinr about two leagues dillant. We now perceived that ou*? difcovery of thegroupof Sandwich iflands had bccnve:,' impcrfectl, thofc which we had vifitcd i;\ our progreu northward, all lying to the leeward of our prclcnt lii! tion. An elevated hill appeared in the country^ uhofc fuinmit rofc above the clouds. The land from thishili fell in a gradual Hope, terminating in a lleep rocky coall: the fca breaking againfl it in a mod drc.idiul furf. Unable to weather the idanil, we bore up, jnj ranged to the wefhvard. We now perceived people many parts of the Ihore j alCu feveral houfcs and plm tions. The country appeared to be well fupplied h wood and water, and running dreams were lecn m \a. rious places, falling into the (ca. It being of the mmoli importance to procure a fupply of provilions it thefe iflands, which could not be accomplilhcd, lliould a fnc trade with the natives be permitted; for this rcalbn the Commodore publifhed an order, prohibiting all nd fons on board the (hips from trading, except thole that Ihould be appointed by himfcif and Captain Ucrte- and even thcle were under limitations of trading only for provilions and refrefhments. Injundlions were alio laid againfl admitting women into the fhipi, under cer- tain redriclions ; but the evil intended to have been prevented by this regulation, had already got ainongil them. At noon, the coall extended from S. 81 dcg. !•;. to N. 56 deg. W. A low flat, like an lUhitius, boicS. 4a deg. W. the ncarcfl fhorc being four miles dillant. Our lat. was now 20 deg. 59 min. our lonj,'. :oj dcg. a mm. E. Some canoes came off, and when along.;ioe, many of thofc who were in them, entered the Ihip with.! out hedtation. Wc foon ucrcetvcd that they were of the fame nation as thofein«ndersmorcto the leeward, whom wc had already vilited j and, as we underdood, they were no llrangers to our havir,^ been in thofc parts be- fore. It was indeed too evident ; thefe people having got the venereal difcafc among them, vs hich thty pro- bably contracted by an intercourfc with their ncigh- bours, after wc had left them. Our vilitots fupplied us with a quantity of cuttlc-fifli, in exchange for nails and iron. They brought but a fmall quantity of fruit or roots, but faid they had plenty of them on their illand, as well as of hogs and fowls. The horizon being dear, in the evening, we rupoofed the wcfternmod land that w e could fee to be an ifland, diftinft from that oH which wc now were. Expeding the natives would return the next day, with the produce of their ifland, we plied off the whole night, and flood clofc in diore the next morn- ing. We were at firfl vifitcd by a few only, but towards noon numbers of them apfKared, bringing with them potatoes, taro, bread-fruit, plantains, and fmall pigi; all of which were bancrcd tor iron tools and nails, wc having few other articles to give them. We mademu- tual exchanges till four in the afternoon, at which time they had dilpofed of all their cargoes, and nut exprcfs- ing any inclination to fetch more, we immediately made fail. On Monday, the 30th, in the afternoon, being off (he N. £. end of the illand. Tome more canoes came off. Mofl of thefe belonged to I'errecoboo, a chief, who came in one of them. He made the Commodore a prefcnt of three pigs t and wc procured a little fruit by battering COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYA(;E— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, \c. 57/ bartering with his people. In about two hours they II left iR. except fcvcn pcrfons who chofe to remain on hoard Soon after, a double failing ranoc arrived to ttcmi upon them, which we towed allern the whole ^ ih; 1" ^^^ evening another illand was fecn to the u'mdAard, "'led, by the natives. Owhyhcc. That hich we had been oft" for fome days, was called Mo- ''onTuefday, the ift of Drccpiber, at eight o'clock A M. Owhyhec extended from S. 22 dcg. E. toS. 12 ." ' {v. and Mowec from N. 41 dig. to N. 81 deg. w Perceiving we could fetch Owhyhee, we ftood tor . \,\^en our vifitors from Mowec thought proper to Imbark in their canoes, and went alliore. We fpcnt the i„ht ftanding off and on the north fide of Owhyhee. On the 2nd, in the morning, to our great furprize, we hwthe fuinniits of the mountains covered wjlh fnow. Thouch they were not of an extraordinary height, the liiDW, in fomc places, appeared to be of conlidcrable dctith •'>'"^' '" ^'^^'^ remained there Tome time. As wc Jrcw iK.lr the fliorc fome of the narves approached us, »ho jipiarcda little Ihy at firft ; but wc prevailed on fiinc of them to come on board ; and at length pre- vaikd on them to return to the illand to brinj^ us fuch fclrcihmciiis as wc wanted. After thife had reached ihcihore, we had plenty of company, who brought us jiolcr:iblc fuppl) "f I'lK*. fr"'f. *nJ foo"- ^^c traded «,ih thnn till lix in the evening, when we flood ort. in order to ply to windward round the illand. In the cvcninj- of the ^ih, an eclipfe of the moon was obfcrvcd. Mr. Kingufcd, for the purpofe of obfervation, a night- tdcfcoiK, with a circular aperture at the objed end. The O'mmodorc obferved with the tcitfcopc of one of Ramfden's fextants. The mean of their obferva- tions made our longitude to be 204 deg. 35 min. E, Sund.>v, the 6th, in the evening, bcin^ near the fhorc, and five Icaj^ues farther up the coall, hc again traded wilh the natives ; but receiving only a triHing fupply, we it(hid in the next morning, when the numbtr ot our vi- fitors was conlidcrable. We had now procured pork, ftuit, and roots, fuHicient to fcrvc us four or five days; »c, therefore, made fail, and ftill plied to the windward. Among other (lores, the tkinimodcre had procured a crrat quantity of fugar-cane; and having, iijwn trial, difcovcrcd, that a deco ufual, the proilucc of the iHand. vVc »,.,! concerned that the people had been at the trouble of coming, as we could not pofiibly trade with them not having yet confumcd our former (lock ; and wc'wfrc convinced by experience, that the hog* could no- b kept alive, nor the roots be many days prcfcrvcd from piitrefadion. It was our intention, however, niK to leave this part of the iUanil Ivlorc wc had procured j good fupply, knowing wc could not ealily return to H if it (hould hereafter be fouiul expedient fo to Jo' On Wednefday the joth, wc began to be in want but a calm prevented us from approaching the (horc! \ breeze, however, fprung up at midnight, whicjicnjbled us to Hand in fur land, at day-break, of the jiii. \i ten o'clock A. M. the illandcrs vilitcd us, bringine wni, them a quantity of fruit and roots, but only three imall pigs. 'Ihis Icanty (upply was, j)erhaps, owing togyf not having purchafcd what they lately brought ull: \a for the purpofes of trafRc, we brought to, but were in- terrupted (hortly with an excclTivc rain j and, mJcej we were too far from the Ihore; nor could wc venture to go nearer, as we could not, for a moment, depend upon the wind's continuing where it was. Thef«cll too was extremely high, and fet obliquely upon the Ihoic where it broke in a moll fiightfui furf. We had line' weather in the evening, and palFcd the night in nuk. ing boards. On Friday, the ift of January, the at- . ,, mofphere was laden with heavy clouds; "J" ami the New Year was ullicred m with a heavy riin. Wc h.id a light breeze fouthcily, with lismecaliiu. At ten the rain ceafed, the (ky became dear, and the wind frelhened. Being now about four or live inilei from the (hore, fome canoes arrived with hogs, fruit, and roots. Wc traded till three m the afternoon ; when, being pretty well fupplicd, we made fall, in order tu pro- ceed 10 the Ice fide of the ifland, in fcarch of theUil- covery. We llrctchcd to the eallward till midnight, when the wind favoured us and wc went upon the other tack. The 2nd, jd, and 4th, wc pallal in run- ning down the S. E. fide of the illand, (landing off and on during the nights, and employing part of cachda|f in lying to, in order to give the natives an opportunity of trading w iih us. They frequently came oft", at the diflance of five leagues from the lliorc; but never brought much with them, cither from a fe.^r of lofuig their articles in the Tea, or from the uncertainty ot a market. On I'uefday the 5th. in the morning, we pali'cd the Ibuth point of the illand, in lat. 18 dcg. 54 min. beyond which the coall trends N. 60 dcg. W. A lar^c village is fituatcd on this point, manyofwhofe inhabitants thronged off to the Ihip with hogi and women. The latter could not pofiibly be prevented from coming on board; and they were Id's rcfervcdthin any females wc had ever fccn. Indeed, they fccmcd to have viUtcd u( with no other view than to niskea tender of their perfons. Having obtained a quantitjr of (alt, wc purchafcd only fuch hugs as were large enough for taking s rcfufing all thofe that were under fizc : and wc could rddoiii procure any that excccdod the ^U. ^teJfciil:. f\ i COOK*« THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, f:c. 577 the weight of 60 pounds. Happily for us, wc had 4)1 fome vegetables remaining, as we were now fup- I J ^rith but few of thofe produdions. Indeed, from P. ' ppearance of this part of the country, it fcemcd in- nable of affording them. Evident marks prefented •^JP fjlvcs of its having been laid walk- by the explo- f nof a volcano ; and though wc had not fccn any thing f the kind, yet the devaUation it had made, in the eiahbourhootl, was very vilihlc. The n.itivcs having " w left us, wc run a few miles down the coaft in the "vcning. a"*! paflcd the night in Ibndinj? off and on. The next morning, being Thurfday the 7th, wc were (rain vifitcd by the natives. Being not far from the fhorc Captain Cook fent Mr. Bligh, in a l*at, in order found thecoafl, and alfo togO aOiore, in fcarch of frelh water. On his return, he reported, that, within : cables length of the (Tiore, he found no foundings with ilincof 160 fathoms j that, on the land, hecouH j difcovcr no ftream or fpring ; that there was fomc rain- water in holes, upon the rocks, which the fpray of thri fci had rendered brackiihj and, that the whole country «ai coimJofed of Qags and aftics, intorlpcried with a fj(, plants. Between ten and eleven, to our great fa- mfadion, the Difcovery made her appearance, coming round the fouth point of the ifland, and joined us about one. Captain okike came on board, and acquainted uj that having cruilcd four or five days where we werej ffparatcd, he plied round the eait fide of the ifland 1 ' where mtctingwith teinpenuous weather, he had been : dnvcn from the coaft. He had one of the iflandcrs onboard all this time, who had refufod to leave the fliip, though opportunities had been in his favour. At noon »eobfervcd in lat. 19 deg. 1 mm. long. J03 deg. b^ mm. the nearert part of the coalt being tw«) leagues dif- ijni. On the 8th, at day-break, we perceived, that ' while wc were plying in the night, the current had car- ried us batk CDnlidcrabiy to the windward -, and that wc were now oti the S. W. |x>int of the ilUnd, where wc broughtto.in order to enable the inhabitants to trade with ui. We ffient the night in ftanding otF and on. Kour men and ten women, who came on lNi»rd the prc« ' ceding day, wae with us l\ill. The CUimmudorc noc likinK the company of the latter, wc liood in Ihore on ,he9th, about noon, folcly with the view of getting rid of our guclU J when foiiw canoes coming off, wc em- braced the opportunity of fending them a*ay. On Sunday the loth, in the morning, we had light airsfioin the N. W. and calins; at eleven, the wind frcHiencd at N. N. W. which fo greatly retarded us, that, in the evening, at eight o'clock, the fouth fnowy hill bore 1 deg. jo ntin. E. On the I7ih,ai four o'cl(x;k, A. M. the winu iKing at W. we made for the land, in eiueclanon of getting fome rcfreihinents. The natives ficing us car them, began to come off, and wc con- tinued trav. ng with them the whole day : though wc procured but a very fcanty fupply, many of thofe who canic utf in tlicir canoes not having a Angle thing to barter. Front this circumftance, it appeared that this part of ihe illand was extremely poor, and had al- ready lurnilhcd us with every thing they could (pare. Tucfday the uth was employed in jlying off and on, with a trclh gale at wcff. A mile trom the Ihore we found ground, at the depth of 55 fathoms. At Hve o'clock P. M. we flood to the fouthward, and at mid- night we had' a calm. On the 13th, wc had a fmall breeze a S. S. E. and fleered for the land. A few ca- noeicameoff 10 ui with fomc hogs; but they brought no vegetables, which we now much wanted. In the evening, we had got the length of the S. W. point of the illand, but, by the veering of the wind, we loff in the night all that we had gained in the day. Being in the lame lituation on the 14th, in the morning, fome more caiiues attended us ; but they brought not any articles wc Hood in need of. We were now deflitute of fruit and roots, and therefore obliged to have rccourfc to our lea provilions. Several canoei, at this jundlurc, ar- rived from the northward, from whence we were fup- plied with fome hogi and roots. On Friday, the i ah, we had variable li^^ht airs till live in the afternoon, when a breeze fprung up at E. N. E. and enabled ui to (leer No. 70. along fhorc to the northward. This day the weather was remarkably fine, and we had plenty of company ; many of them continued with us all night, and their canoes were towed aflern. On the i6th, at day-break, feeing the appearance of a b.iy, the boats from both Ihips were fent out to examine it; for wc were informed there was a harbour, wherein wc might fafcly moor, and where wc fliould be fupplied with materials to refit the fhips, and provifions to vidtual them. In the even- ing the boats returned with the joyful news, that they had fuccecded in their fcarch, and that the harbour pro- mifcd (air to anfwcr all that had been faid of it. While our boats were employed in towing the (hips into the bay, wc had a view of the greateft number of fpedlators in canoes, and on fliore, that wc had ever fccn aflem- bled together in any place during this voyage. It was concluded that their number could not be lefs than a or 3000. While hovering on the coaft, wc had fomc- times been vifitcd by 200 canoes at a time, who came to trade, and who brought us provifions when the weather would permit : wc likewile obtained from them great quantities of cordage, fait, and divers other manufac- tures of the ifland, which the Commodore purchafed lor the ufc of the fliips, and without which wc could not well have proceeded; for during the blowing wca- tricr, "ur cordage fnappcd rope after rope, fo that our fpare hands '.vere employed inceflantly, in knotting and Iplicing. In thecourfc of this day, wc were attended by, at leaff, 1000 canoes, croudcd with people, zrA laden with hogs, and other articles to barter. Wc we.c pcrfe^ly cotrvinced of their peaceable intentions, not a (ingle perfon having a weapon of any fort whh him. Among fuch numbers as wc had frequently on board, it might be expcrted. that fome of them would dilcover a thievilh dilpofition. One of them made off with a boat's rudder, and was not detedetl till it was too late to recover it. The Commodore imagined this to be a proper opportunity to Ihcw thefe iflandcrs the ufe ol our lire arms. Two or three mufquets, and as many tour pounders were, by his orders, fired over the canoe which went away with the rudder : but it not be- ing our intention that the fhot fliouId tike cffod, the lurrounding multitude were more furprized than terri- fied. At the approach of night, the mort confider- abie part of our vilitors retired to the fliore; but many at their own earneff requeff, were permitted to fleep on board : but we had good reafon to think, tint curiofity, at leaft with fomc ot them, was not the only motive; for the next morning fcveral articles were miiring, in confequcnce of which orders were given, not to permit fo many to flay with us on any future night. On Sun- day the 1 7th, by eleven o'clock A. M. we were fafely moored, in company wit h the Difcovery, in 1 8 fathoms water. The bay where wc lay at anchor, called by the natives karakaknoa, is a convenient harbour; and hav- ing furtcred much in our mafts and rigging, wc were happy at lafl to find fo proper a place to refit. Wc cafl anchor within a quarter of a mile of the N. E. Ihore ; the fouth point of the bay bearing S. by. W. and the north point W. half N. After wc were moored the ftiips continued to be much croudcd with the na- tives, and furrounded by a vafl multitude of them, befides hundreds that, like fifti, were fwimming about the two Ihips. We were ftruck with the Angularity of this fccnc, and particularly pteafcd with enriching our voyage with this impirtant new difcovery, owing to the opportunity of thus rcvifiting Sandw ich Iflands, and in confequcnce of not having fuccecded in finding a northern pafl'agc homeward. The bay of Karakakooa is fituatcd In the diftrid of Akona, on the weft fide of the ifland of Owhyhec. It extends about a mile in depth, and is bounded by two paints of land, bearing S. E. and N. W, from each other, at the diflance of half a league. The north point is flat and barren, on which is lituatcti the village of Kowrowa. A more confidcrable village ftands at the bottom of the bay, called Kakooa, near a grove of Ifately cocoa-trecs. A high rocky cliff, inacccfltble I from the fea fliore, runs between them. Near the coafl, on the fouth ftde, the land has a rugged appeiir- 7 G ancej „/i,J!; , _1; (I &!! ft I iMI;, . J . fl t T.| . i\ V ' Fi) Ka i-' rlL'i 57^ Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. UJiU '!■ il t.jt i" ■*i*^WvWui.i ancc; beyond which the country rifcs gradualW, and alwunds with cultivated intlofurct, and groves of cocoa- trees. The habitations of the people are fcattcred about in great plenty. Round the bay the flwrc is covered with a black coral rock, except at Kakooa, where there is an excellent fandy beach, with a Morai at one ex- tremity, and a fpring of frelh water at the other. The natives perceiving our intention to anchor in the bay, came otf, as we have before obfcrvcd, in attonifliing numbers, exprcfllng their joy by Tinging, Ihoutmg, and the luort extravagant gclhires. The decks, fides, and rigging of our Ihips were covered with them. Wo- men and boys, who were unable to procure canoes, amufcd thcmfelves the whole day in playing m the water. One of the chiefs who vifited us, was named Parcca. Though a young man, we foon difcovcred him to be a perlbn ol great authority. He told Cap- tain Cook that he was Jakanee to the fovereign of the illand, who was then on a military expedition at Blowce ; from whence he was cxpecled to return in a few days. Some prcfents from the Conunodorc at- tached him to our intercrt, and we found him ex- tremely ufcful. Before we had been long at anchor, the Difcovcry had fo nuny people hanging on one fide, that flic was fcen to heel conliderably j and our people found it impoUibIc to prevent the crowds from prefl"- ing into her. Apprehenfive that flie might receive fome iniury, Capum Cook communicated his fcnti- mcnts to Parcca, who inftantly cleared the fliip of her incumbrances, and difpcrfcd the canoes with which flic was furrounded. From this circumflance it ap- peared to us, that the chief* of this illand cxcrcifc a moft dcfpotic power over the commonalty. An in- Dance fimilar to thit happened on board the Kcfolu- tion ; where the crowd fo far impeded the ordinary bu- finefs of the fliip, that we found it nccelTary to apply to Kaneena, another chief, who had alfo attached him* felf particularly to Captain Cook. The inconvenience wc luircred was no founcr mentioned, than he ordered the natives to quit the veflTel immediately; when, with- out a moment's hefitation, wc f» them all jump over- board, except one perfon who loitered behind, and by his manner exprefled fome degree of unwillingnefs to obey. Kaneena obferving this contempt of his autho- rity, took hold of him immediately, and threw him headlong into the fea. 'ITicfe two chiefs were exceed- ingly well proportioned, and had countenances remark- ably pleating. Kaneena was ai fine a figure as we had ever fcen. His height was about fix foet. hit features were regular and expreflive, hii deportment wu cafy, lirm, and graceful, and he had lively dark eya. Men- tion has already been made, that while we were cruif- ing ofl'this illand, the inhabitants had aitted fairly and honellly, without manifefting the leall propenlity to theft; which was the more remarkable, becaufe ihofe u ith whom wc had hitherto had any dealings were peo- ple of the lowed rank, fuch as fifltermenand fervanu: but the cafe was now quite altered. The multitude of iflanders who blocked up the (hips, afforded an oppor- tunity uf pilfering without danger of difcovery, and even if difcovcred, mull have efcaped with impunity from our inferiority of number. To the encourage- ment of their chiefs, this alteration might alfo be at- tributed ; for, as we frequently traced the booty to fome great men who had it in their poireiFion, there is little doubt but thefe depredations were made at their infli- gaiion. When the Rcfolution had got into her flation, the two chiefs, Pareca, and Kaneena, brought a third on board, whofc name was Koah. Mc was rcprcTented to us as a prieft, and one who, in his early time of life, had difiinguiflicd himfelf as a warrior. He wai a little old emaciated figure, having fore red eyes, and h= body covered with a leprous fcurf, occafioned by. the immoderate ufc of the ava. Being conduced to the cabin, he approached the Commodore with the greatefl deference, threw a piece of red cloth over his fliouiders, and retreating a few paces, made an oifering of a fmall pig, at the fame time pronouncing a dfcourfe of a con- liJcrablc length. This ceremony, during our continu- ance at Uwhyhce, waa often repeated, and from a va- 1 riety of circumftances, appeared to us to be a itj^j religious adoration. Red cloth ik *hat their idol, "' arrayed with, and a pig is their common ottcrinL' to tt' Latooas. At the conclufinn of this ceremony t ! dined with us, and cat heartily of what ^aj p/ov Ti for the table ; but, like moft of the iflanders ,„ ,1 r feai, he could hardly be induced to taftc our wjn. fpirits a fecond time. In the evening, the Coinnialo,'" Mr. King, and Mr. Bailey, accompanied hini on fto Aa foon as we landed on the beach, wc were i)reccd'i by four men, bearing each a wand tipped witii iW hair, and pronouncing with a loud voice, a Ihort is'' tence. The crowd which had afiembled on the flj"" retired at cur approach, and not an individual m,"' be fecn, except a few pcrfons who had prollratcd the '" felves on the ground, near the habitations ot the ad'"' cent village. J'" Previous to our account of the peculiar ce retrjonif, refpcdling the homage paid to Captain Coook, u „,, not be unnccelfary todefcribe the Morai, alrci'dy mc ' tioncd, fituated on the beach of Kakooa. It conijil, qi a fquare fulid pile of ilones, 40 yards in length broad, and 1^ feet high. The top of it is fljt, and'it! furrounded with a wooden railing, whereon arc difpla,,! thefliulls of thoie natives who hiid been facrificedV the death of their chiefs. A ruinous wooden buildn,! is fituated in the center of the area, connected wiihti, railing by a ftone wall, dividing the whole fpjcc w'a two pans. Five poles, about 30 feet high, I'upportfti an irregular kind of fcaffold, on the fide next thccoun. try J and on that towards the fea, were two fmalj hou! fcs, with a covered communication. Tothc topofijiij pile we were conduced by Koah. At our entrance wc faw two large wooden images, with moft ditiortcd b. turca, having a long piece of wood of a conical lurni, m! verted, proceeding from the top of their hcadi. Here Captain Cook was received by a tall young man, having a long beard, who prefemed him to the inuges, aij chanted a kind of hymn, in which he was aliiiled by Koah. Wc were then Icii to that fide of the Moru where the pales were ercdcd ; at the foot of which \t images were ercillcd, and ranged in the form ot a lenn. circle: the middle figure having a high table before r like the Whatta of Otaheite, on which we fawa pumj hog, and under it fome cocoa-nuts, plantains, pouton breai-firuit, and pieces of fugar-cane. Captain Cook was conducted under this ftand by Koah ; who, hivin? took down the hog, held it towards him ; when havm ' again addrclFcd him in a long and vehement Ipecch, he fulTered it to fall to the ground, and afcended thefcal- fold with him, though every moment in dangeroffali. ing. Wc now beheld, advancing in folemn proccifion,. and entcrirtg the top of the Morai, ten men bearing a live hog, and a piece of red cloth of conliderable di. menfions. Advancing a few pace* they (lopped, and prollratcd themfclves ; and Kaireekeea, the tall young man already nKntioned, approaching them, received the cloth, and carried it to Koah, who wrapped it round the Commodore, and made him an oftering ot the hog. The Commodore was now aloft, in a litua> tion truly whimfical, being fwathcd in red cloth, and hardly able to keep his hold on the rotten fcaliolding. In this fituation he was entertained with the chanung of Koah and Kaireekeea, fometimes alternately and fome- times in concert. After this fervicc wu pcrfomied, which was of confiderable duration, Koah let the hog drop; upon which he immediately dcfcended with Captain Cook. He then conducted him to the imagn juli mentioned, to each of which he exprelFed himldf in a fnecring tone, and fnappcd his fingers at them u he palFed. lie then prefented him to tnat in the ccn. tre, which, from its being habited in ted cloth, appeared to be in the highefl eflimation. Before this figure Koth fell proArate, and requclled of Captain Cook to dothe fame; which he readily fubmittcd to, being determined to follow Koah's diredions throughout the whole of a ridiculous ceremony, in which his curiofity and vanity were equally gratified. Wc were now conveyed into the other diviiiun of the .Moral, where a fpace of about 1 3 feet fquare was funk three feet below the level of the area. . • '- '■■*'.. . COOK'S THIRD ami LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 579 » When we had defcended into this, theCoinmo- jgrc wu fcatcd immediately between the two idoU, one f hi« »""' "C'"K Juppoftcd by Koah, and the other by Mr King. A fccond procenion of natives at this time imvcd with " baked hog, a pudding, fome cocoa-nuts, brejd fr"''' *"^ "'*'"" vegetables. As they drew near, J, j^jltjea placed himrelf before them, and prefented ihc hoR '" '^^ Commodore in the ufual manner, chant- ! jj^Kforc i and his companions making regular re- fnonfo; ''"t wcobferved their fpeechcs and refponfcs .^^ cradually (horter, and towards the concluflon, Lireekcca's did not exceed three or four words, which anfwercd by the word Orono. This was a common anpellation among the natives. Sometimes it was ap- nlira by them to an invifibic being, inhabiting heavcni (Others it was ufed as a title of high rank in the ifland. Ai the conclufion of this offering, the natives d -ted thcmfelvn fronting us, and began to cut up the baked dog, to break the cocoa nuts, and to p«cl the VMetablcs. (^'en wereemploying in chewing the ava, .mdmaking ibc liquor in the fame manner as it is cxtradtcd and done at the Friendly Klcs. Kaireekeea then chewed pan of the kernel of « cocoa-nut, and wrap(icd it in a piece of cloth, with which he rubbed the Captain's head, face, hamlJ, «nis and (liouldcn. The ava was afterwards handed round, and when we had all uUed it, Koah and Pireea pulled the flelh of the hog in pieces, and pro- ceeded to put fonicof it in our mouths. iMr. King had no particular objeclion to being fed by I'areea, who ,u remarkably cleanly in his perfon ; but Captain Cook, to whom a piece was prefented by J^oah, could not fwsllow a morfel, the putrid hog being ftrong in his itcollcittion : and as the okl man, from motives of ci- vility, had chewed it for him, his reludhnce was much jncreifcd. This ceremony being concluded, we quitted the Morai, after diftributing among the populace fome pitces of iron, and other artJclcs, with which they were much delighted. We were then conduclcd. in procef- fion, lu the boats, the men with wands attending, and pronouncing fcntcnccs as before. Wcreturncd on board I jll of the idea of what wc had fccn, and pcrfedly fatis- luii with the honert difpofitions of our new friends. Of ihc lingularity and novelty of the various ceremonies Mitormed upon this occafion, wc can only form con. jfchires; but they were, in our opinion, hijjhiy expref- livc of refpe^, on the part of the inhabitants ; and, as far as related to Captain Cook, they approached to a. doration. Indeed the Commodore now ficmed to be conlidercd by them as theirE-a-thu-ah-nu-ch; for from ihii time an Indian Chief, by the king's order, was placed at the head of his pinnace, at whofe command the natives, in their canoes, as he twfled them, were all filcnt, and would proltrate ihcmfeives till he was out of light ; and this they would do when the Captain was a- lone; but the chief had ordcn from the king, that wheiKver the Capuin came afhore in his pinnace, to attend him, and conduct him to his houfe, which the failon now called Cook's Altar. Un Monday, the 1 8tb, Mr. King went on (hore, at- tended with a guard of eight marines, having received orders toerc^l the obfervatory in a proper lituation ; by which means the watcrcrs, and other working parties on Ihore, miaht be fuperintended and protedled. When we had found a convenient fpot for this purpofe, almoft in the centre of the village, Parcea offered to exercifc his power in our behalf, and propofed that fome houfes Ihnuld be taken, that our obfcrvations might not be ob. Itfufted. This friendly offer, however, was declined, andwc made choice of a potatoc field adjoining to the Moral, which was readily granted, and to prevent the intrulion of the natives, the place was confecrated by the pricfts, who placed their wands round the wall which tnclofed it. This interdidion the natives call taboo, a term frequently repeated by thcfc iflanders, and ftcmed to be a word of extcnfive meaning. In this in. lUncc, it procured>us more privacy than we could have wilhed. Not any canoes attempted to Jand near us; n the native* only fat en the wall, not daring ui come within the tabooed (pace, without permjfTion from us. The men, indeed, at our rtquelt, would bring provi- fions into the field ; but our utmoft endeavours were in- effectual to induce the women to give us their com- pany. Prefents were tried, but' without fuccefs. Wc . endeavoured to prevail on Pareca and Koah to bring them : the Eatooa and Terreeoboo they faid would kill them if they did. This circumflancc afforded great amufemcnc to thofc on board, whither multitudes of people, women particularly, flocked in ih^wls, infomuch that they were frequently obliged to clear the veffcl, in • order to have room to perform their nccelFary duties. Twoor three hundred women were fomctimes obliged to throw themfclvcs into the water, where they continued to (wim and play, till they could be re-admitted. On the 19th Pareea and Ivoah left us, in order to attend Terreeoboo, who had landed on a diftant part of the ifland. Nothing material happened on board, till Sun- day, the 24th. The caulkers were employed on the fides of the (hip, and the rigging was repaired. The faking of hogs was alfo a principal objcd of the Com- modore's attention ; and as we had improved in this operation fincc th« former voyages, a detail here of the procefs of it may not be thought improper. To euro the flefh of animals in tropical climates, by falling, has long been thought impnutlicable; putrefaftion mak- ing ("0 rapid a progrcfs. as not to allow the fait to take effeil before the meat gets tailzied. Capuin Cook ap- pears to have been the firif navigator who has attempted to make experiments relative to this bufincfs. His full attempts in 1774, in his fecond voyage to the Pacific Ocean, fo far fucceeded, as to convince him of the error of the vulgar opinion; and as his prefcni voyage was likely to be protrafted a year beyond the time that pro- vidons had been fupplied for the fliips, he was obliged to contrive fome method of procuring fubfillence for the crews, or relinqjiiOi the profccution of his difcovc* ries. He therefore renewed his attempts, and his moft (anguine expcftations were completely anfwered. The hogs we cured were of various lizcs, from four to ten or twelve (lone, fourteen pounds to the Hone. They wore always killed in the afternoon ; and, afterfcalding off the hair, and removing the entrails, the pig or hog was cut into pieces, from four to eight pounds each, and the bones taken out of the legs and chines ; in the larger hogs, the ribs were alfo taken out. The pieces were then examined circumfpcdiy, and wiped, and the coagulated blood taken from the veins. After this they were given to the falters before they were cold ; and having been well rubbed with fait, they were placed in a heap on a ftage in the open air, covered with planks, and prefTed with very heavy weights. The next even>. ing they were agai.t well wiped, and carefullyexamined, when the fufpicious parts were taken away. This done, they weie put into a tub of (Irong pickle; after which they v.vre examined once or twice a day; and if it hap. pencd that any one piece had not taken the fait, whicit may be difcovered by the fmell of the pickle, they were inilantly taken out and examined again, the found pie- ces being put into frcfh pickle. This, however, did not often happen. At the end of fix days, they were exa- mined for the lad time ; and after being (lightly prclfed, they were put into barrels, having a thin layer of fait between them. Mr. King brought home fome barrels of this pork, that had been pickled atOwhyhcc, in Ja- nuary, 1 779, which was tailed in England, near Chrill* mas, 1780, by feveral gentlemen, who were all unani- mous in their opinion, that i: was perfedlly found, fweet and wholefome food. Wc have been informed by Mr. Mancouver, a Midfhipmanon board theDifcovery, and afterwards Lieutenant of the Martin (loop of war, that he tried the method here recommended, both with £ngli(h and Spanifh pork, during a cruife in the Spa- nilh main, A. D. 1 782, and it fucceeded beyond his ex- pedlations. ,;it 'ii, ...:;i (■■ ■ ■-- ■ ,-1 ■ ' ' . C {J A p. i ii m^ vi jl ill 1 ' • I M » 111' - IP: U] X ''" .i>- 1 •. iii i,«; m 'M'\ it. kI'h' Ms* ij |P^ 1 5Ho Capt. C O O K'9 VOYAGES C O M P ?. E T E. ==aa» CHAP. XIV. 1 it 1 III m ^r m li-iil H u umm- 1 1 M 4 rff' If pi um i '*^.-.«^J' Socirly if of our parlies up tl' countsy — A bosinsr maUb dcfcribed— Death of William ff'alman, a /caman— Behaviour of I . I- 1 .1 tf •/ J „- .L. *t ) ^ L^f.l ert .: . .•/:,.• i.... _.. j . " '''' in our coming ai^tiin to anchor in Karakakooa Bay,fomeivhdt\myflerious—A theft committed on board the Difcovery, a^;. confequemes—The ibievrs purfued up the country— Scuffle' ietween the natives and our people — The pinnace altacktdtti plundered— The crezv obliged /■» quit her — Captain Cook'< rrfteHions on the occafion — Attempt made at the obfervaton^ • The Difcor.'cry' s cutter jlolen— Means lift d for its recovery— 'Captain Cook goes onfhore to invite the king and bis twefi^ ■ board — His tvife and the chiefs opfiofe bis inclination to go with the Commodore — A contefiarifes on this occafion — hicliin^ nrrjves of a chief having been killed by one of our people— fbe alarming confequences — A chief threatens Captam Cm ■"■and isfbol by him— A general attack enfuei — The melancbily ca.aflrofSe — Our Commodore is flabbed in the back and fills '.t'itb his face into tbf ".cater — This chapter concludes yuitb the death of ''v ailt, enlerprizing, and n^uflfft,^^,^ Commander, Captain James Cook. ''.',. 04, i ■ i WE had not long been fctiVii r.t the oblerva- tory, before wc d I fco-.r red the habitations of a toclety of priefts, who ,ad txcitcd our curiofity by their regular attendance at the Moral. Their hut» were erefted round a pond, inclofed with a group of cocoa-nut trees, by whit!h they were fepiratcd from the beach and the vilhige, and gave the iiiuation an air of reltgtmis retirement. Captain CcmV being made ac- quainted with this difcovery, he refolved to vifit them . and, expeding the mannemf his reception would be fingtrlar, he tool. Mr. Webber with him, to enable hin', to repreient the ceremony in n drawing. When arrived at the beach, the C'Miimodore was con<1u(f^ed to flarre- no-Orono, or the houfc ol OrOno. On his approaching this facred place, he was fcated at the foot of a wooden itiol, rckmblinp; that we had fcen at the Morai. Here Mr; Kinj» again fupported one of his arms. He was tbe^ arrayed in red cloth, and Kaireekcea, adifled by ii priids, pr^fe.ued a pig with the ufua! ceremonies. After this folemnity, the pig was IU|in^lcd, and thrown into the embej^ of a firr, preprcd for that purpofe. When the hair ww fingcd orF, a fecomJ offering was made, and the chanting repeated as before; after which the dead pig was held foine time under Captain Cook's nofe, and thcii laid with a cocoa-nut at his feet. Thii par' of the ceremony being concluded, the performers fat down i and the ava was brewed and handed about : a bikcd hog was likewiCe brought in, and we were fed in the fame manner as before related on a Timilar occa- fion. While wc continued in the Bay, whenever the Commodore vifited the obfervatory, Kaireekcea and his afltOants prefented thcmfelves before him, making an offering of hogs, bread-fruit, cocoa nuts, &c. with the acculTomed folemnities. Upon thefe occafimts, fome of the inferior chiefs intreated permillion to make anoITering toihiOrono. If their rcqueft was complied with, they prefented the hog themfclves; in the per- formance oi which, their countenances difplayed that ihey were greatly impreircrl with awe and terror. Kai- reekee;< and tlic pricO^ a\rirted, performing their accuf- tomed orations and hymns. But their civilities ex- tended beyond parade and ceremony: our party on Ihorc were fupplied daily by them with htigs and vege- tables, fo(Tn.itnt for their fubfiftence, and tofparCj and canoes laden with provifions, were regularly (entoff to thediips. Nothingw^^sdem-ndtdinrcturni notevcnthc moft diOant hint was ever given, that they cxpedlcd the leall compenfation. Their manner of conferring fa- vours, appeared ii.orc like the difchargc ol a religious duty, than the refult of mere liberality. On oiiraikingto whom we were indebted for all this Miunificence, wc were informed, that it was at the cxprnce of Kaoo, the thief priell, and grandfather to Kaireekcea, who was at this tmic in rhi' luit of the fovereign of the ifland. But we had Ids reafon to be fatislied with the behaviour i)f tht I. litis, or wairior chiefs, than with that of the prif iU. in our iuiercourfe with the former, they were aiwa)i>fulUucnti) attcmivc toihciruwn intercllst and, !l . • ■ -li! . >. . ui';, , befldcs their 'propenfity to dealing, which may lAm of palliation from its univcrfality in thefe feas, they hjj other artifices ei,u»iiy difhonnurable. The fQlJowiiw is one inOance, in which wc difcovercd, wiih reerti that our giKJd friend Koah was a party principal!, coiv! Cerned, The chiefs who made us prefcnts of hoos were always generoufly rewarded -, in confequcncc of which we were fupplicd with more than we could con. fume. On thefe tKcafions, KiMh, who attended ui Conrtanily, petitioned utua^Iy fer thofe that wc did not abfolutely want, and they were given him of courfc. a pig was one day prefented to us by a man, whom Kuah ihtroduced as a chief. The pig wc knew to be one of thofe that had a (hort time before been given tu KmH. Sufpcdlingan impofition, wc found uponcnquuy. ihit the pretended chief was one of the coinmon ikooIij and from other concurrent circumrtancca, wc were per- feftly convinced, that this was not the firft time of our having been made the dupes of Koah's low cunning Sunday, the 24th, we were not a little furpnicd 10 find, that not any canoes were permitted to put oiT, ind that the natives were confined to their houfes. Ai l;n^ ii we were informed, th4t the Bay was tabooed, aodt.'ut intercourfe with us was interdiifled, on acc(,untoft!i( arrival of Terreeoboo, their king. On t!ie jjth, ween. deavourcd by threats and promifes, to induce the inhi. bitants to rcvifit the (hips. Some of them were veniii- ring to put off, when we perceived a chief very active m driving them away: to make him delifl, a mufquciwii fired over his head, which produced the ilcflrcd circa; for refrefhmcnu were (oon after to be haii as ufuil. In the afternoon, the (hips were privately vilited by Terreeobtx), attended only by one canoe, containing hu wife and family. When he entered the (hip, he lell on his face, as a mark of fubmidinn to the Commodore, u did all his attendants t snd after having inaile an era. tion, which none of us undefRooti, he prefented the Captain with three barbicued hogs, who, in return, put a necklace, compofcd of rcveralflrings of variouico- loured beads, round his neck, and gave him two look- ing-g!a(res, a large glafs bowl, wiihfome nails, and oikt trifles, which he received with much fi.eming fatiific- tion, and difpatched immediately a mclTcnger on lliorc, who foon returned with fcveral large hogs, cocni-nuti, plantains, and fugar-cancs, as much aso'ir fmall cutlet could carry. Having remained on deck about an hour, admiring the contUui^tion of the (hip, he waicnndu^lcd into the great cabin, where wine was offered him, which lie refufed: neither was there any thing he would tjllt, except a head of bread-fruit; hut he appeared delighted with every thing he faw ; and before Ik- departed i 1 the evening, gave ui to underftand \h». be had 6000 fight- ing men, alwi/a in readincfs to war againll hisenemici. On the 26th, at noon, the king came in great ftatifrom the village of Kowrowa, and, in » large canoc.with fomc of hit attendants in two others, paddled lluwiy tonarJi the (hips. Their appearance was really moft fupeib, Terreeoboo and his chiefs were in the (irft vclftl, ar- ny«f COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— to the PACIFIC OCEAN, fee. 581 ovcd in feathered cloaks, and helmets, and armed with fricars and dagi^ers. In the (econd came Kaoo, the chief" nridl, havinj? their idols difplayed on red cloth. They Lrc rigurcs of an enormous lize, made of thick wici;er- woik, and curioufly ornamented with mantles of fca- ,hcr»'of various colours. Their eyes were large pearl ovlters, with a black nut placed in the middle. A dou- Jcro^v o» the fangs ofdogs was fixed in each of their mouths, which, as well as the rcll of their features, ap- ncared ftrangeiy diHorted. The third canoe was laden i^th hogs and vegetables. Their images they call E- ah-tu-a, (ignifying iheir warrior gods, without which they never engage in battle. As they advanced, the oriclls chanted their hymns with great foleninity. After oadilling round the vcffels, they did not come on bi>aid js wc expedtcd, bjt made immediately towards the (hore, at the beach where our tents were fixed. When Undc'd, they hauled up all their canoes on the beach, drew up in martial order, and, led by the king, marched in ranks to their place of worfiiip, diftant from our tents about 50 yards ; but, feeing the ground taboocil by fm;ill orctn boughs and wands, that markid the boundary, thty ail made a circuit with their images in procellion, till they arrived at their Mor.ii, where they placed their idols, and depolitcd their arms. Captaui Uook, when he fa'w the king's intention of going on fliore, went thi- ther alfo, and landed with Mr. King and otheis, almol> -.7«. li all times, and upon all occafions, without the lealtrc* fcrve. Our oflicci'S ventured frequently up the country, either lingly, or in fmall parties, and fomctimcs conti- nued out the whole night. In all places the people flocked about us, anxious to afford every alTiftancc in their power, and appeared highly gratified if we con- defcended to accept of their fcrvices. Variety of inno- cent arts were praclifed to attrad our notice, or to de- lay our departure. The boys and girls ran through their villages, (topping us at every opening where there was a convenient fpot for dancing. At one time wc were fo- licitcd to take a draught of milk from cocoa-nuts, or to accept of luch other rcfrcflimcnt as their huts afforded} at another we were encircled by a company of young women, who exerted their fkill and ingenuity in amu- flng us with fon^s and dances : but though the inftances of their generolity and civility were pleafing to us, wc could not butdidikc thatpropenfity to thieving, which at times they difcovcrcd, and to which they were ad- didted, like all the other iflan.iers in thefc feas: this was a perplexing cirtuinffancc, and obliged us Ibnictimcs to excrcifc a feverity, which vt-c Ihould have been h;ippy to have avoided, if it had not bcencflcntnlly necctFary. Some expert fwimmers were one day detcfted un- der the lliips, drawing out the filling nails Irom the Iheathing. This they performed very ingenioufly with a flint Hone, faftcncd to the end of a flick. This new art of Dealing was a praftice fo injurious to our vcirds, that wc fired fmall l>iot at the offenders; but that they avoided calily, by diving under the (hip's bottom: it therefore became highly nccciriiry to make an example of one of them, which was done by givirg him a good Hogging on board our conlbrt, the Difcovery, where hii talent for thieving had been chiefly exercifcd. About this time, Mr. NtUon, and four other gentlemen, fee out on an cxcurlion into the country, m order to exa- mine its natural ciiiiolities and produi doubts rcfpa^ing tlic decency of this Qvcrtiire, and ap- prehended the propofal might be deemed impious; bur in this he was much miftakcn : for an application bcin made for the fame, they expreflcd no kind of furpri» and the wood was delivered without the lead (lipn!.' tion. While our people were taking it away, Mr. Kito faw one of them with a carved image; and, upon on quiry, he was informed, that the whole femicircle (» mentioned in the dcfcripiion of the Morai) had been carried to the boats. Though the natives were fpcj tators of this bulincfs, they did not fcem to rcfcnt ir! but on the contrary, had even alFiiled in the removal* Mr. King thought proper to mention the particular^ to Kaoo; who feemed exceedingly indilferent about the matter, begging him only to reltorc the center imasc- which was immediately done, and it was conveyed ^ one of the prieft's houfes. For fome time, the king, and his chiefs, had btm very importunate to know the time of our denanu,. From this circumftance, Mr. King's curioiity wasti' cited to know the opinion thefe people had entcruined of us, and what they fuppofed to be the objedl of our voyage. He took confiderable pains to fatisfy himftif refpcOting thefe points ; but the only information he could get was, that they fuppofed we had left our na- tive country on account of the fcantincfs of provifions and that we had vilited them for the folc purpofeof filling our bellies. This conclufion was natural enouoh conftdcring the meagre appearance of fome of our crew- the voracity with which we devoured their frefh provi. lions i and our anxiety to purchafc as much of it as »: were able. It was a matter of entertain.-ncnt to fee the natives patting the bellies of the failors (who were much improved inflcekatlis lincc their ariival at the bay) and telling them, in the bed manner they could that it was time for them to depart 1 but if they would return the next bread-fruit feafun, they ftiould bcbnter able to fupply them. We had now continued fixictn days in the bay, during which time our confumptionof hogs and vegetables, had been fo enormous, that »e need not be furprized at their wilhingtofce us takeout leave. But Terrceoboo had, perhap, no other view in his enquiries, than a deiire ot having fuflicient nu tice, to pieparc fuitable prcfents for us at ourijcpar. ture ; for when we informed hiin of our intftition to quit the ifland in two days, a kind of proclinution was made, requiring the natives to bring in their hoa and vegetables, for Terrceoboo to prefent to the Orono. We were this day much entertained, at the beich w ith the butfooneriesof one of the natives. He held in his hand an inftrument of mutic, fuch as we have i\. ready defcribed : bits of fea-wccd were fallcncd round hiincck; and, round each leg, fome ftrong neiiii^i whereon were fixed row s of dogs teeth, hanging kxife. His dancing was accompanied with Itrange gnmnet and unnatural difiortions of the features, which Here fometimcs highly ridiculous, and, upon the whole, with. out meaning or cxprcllion. But the wrellling and boxing matches afforded us gooddiverlion tor ihcevcn. ing; and, in return, we exhibited the few tire-worki ue had remaining. Nothing could more eilcctually txciie the admiration of thefe iflandcrs, or llnkc thcmviith more exalted ideas of our fuperionty, than fuch a re. prcfentation: notwithltanding this was, in every le- fpe^t, much inferior to that exhibited at Hapace, yet the a(h)nilhment of thefe people was equally great, The carpenters who had been fcnt up the country to cut planks for the head rail-work of our Ihip, the ke- folution, had now been gone three days, and, not hiv- ing heard from them, we began to be alariiud for then fafcty. We exurcfled our apprchcnfions to Kaoo, Mho appeared equally concerned with ourfclvcs ; but while wc were planning meafuret with him, for fending p'o- per pcrfont after them, they all lately arrived. Oui people had gone farther into the country than theyet- pcch d, before thc^ found any trees fuiuble for their purpofe. This circumAance, together with the bid- nefs of the roads, and the difHciilty of conveying tim- ber to the fliipi, had fo long detained them. They be- Itowed high .commenditioni on their guidct) who not unly *^U; COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 583 . lyfupplied them with provifions, but faithlully pro- \\Jei t*'^''' to"'^- Having fixed on Thurfday, the I th of February, for our departure, Tcrrceoboo in- r.jj Captain Cook and Mr. King to attend him |on .wj 0(1 to Kaoo's rcfidcnce. On our arrival there, we &* lifS' quantities of cloth fcattercd on the ground ; hiindancc of red and yellow feathers, faftcncd to the n,jjj of cocoa-nut hufks; and plenty of hatchets and i^nwarc» which had been received from us in barter. \'ot hr from thcfc was depofltcd an immcnfe cjuantity I of various kuids of vegetables j and at a littie ciilbncc, aUriic herd of ho"s. We fuppofcd, at firrt, that the »hDlcwas intended as a prcfcnt for us; but we were in- formed by Kaircckeea, that it was a tribute to the king, from the inhabitants of that diflric^l. \Vc were no fooner fcated than the bundles were brought, and laid fcvcrally at Tcrrceoboo'* feet ; and the clotii, feathers, and iroOi **^'''^ difplayed before him. The king was DCiffiilly fatisficd with this mark of ('"ty from his pco- fy- iiid hiving fcicolcd about one third of the iron Liilils, one third of the feathers, and fome pieces of cloth, he ordered thcfe to be fct afidc by themfelvcs; and the remainder of the cloth, hogs, vegetables, &c. were afterwards prefentcd to Captain Cook and Mr. King. The value and magnitude of this prcfcnt, far exceeded anything that wc had before received. The whole wi immediately conveyed on board ; and the large hogs were let apart for fea ftorts ; bui the fmaller pigs inJ vegetables, were divided between the crews. The fimeday wc quitted the Morai, and got our obfervato- ,1(5 on board. The taboo was removed, and, with it vanillicd its magical clfeiih ; for as foon as we had quiitcJ the place, the people rulhed in, and vigilantly featchcJ, in hopes of finding fome valuable articles left behind. Mr- King being the lad on Ihorc, and waiting for the return of the boat, the inhabitants crowded about him, and having prevailed upon him to fit down among them, exprcflcd their regret at our fcparation. Itwabcvcn with difticulty that they would (uifcr him to (itpiti. H.umg had, while we lay in the bay, thecom- niiiii ol the party nn ftiore, he became n\ore ac- quainted wit!, the natives, than thofc who were rc- (uircd to be on board. From the inhabitants in gene- rJ, he cxjKricnccd great kindncfs; but the fricndlhip lluwn by the pricfts was conf^ant areJ unbounded. Oil the ollar hand, Mr. King wa anxious to conciliate their clKcm; in which he fo happily fucccedcd, that when they were made acquainted with the time of our dcuartiirc, he was urgccl to remain behind, and re- ceived overtures of the mo(\ Hatttring kind. When he endeavoured to cxcufc hinilclf, by alledging, th|t thcCiuiiiiudorc would not permit it, they propolcd to conJud him to the nuMintams, and there coiittal him till the i'.eparturc of the fliip". Oi> Mr. King's aflur- inj^thcm that the (liipi would not fail without him, the KmgindKaoo repaired to Captain Cook, (whom they fuppofed to be his father) requefting lonnally, that he might be fullered to remain behind. The Commodore unwilling to give a politive rcfulal, to a propofal foge- ncniull) intended, alFurcd them, that he could not part with liini at urefcijr, but he flioiild return thither the next yc.ir, when he would endeavour to oblige them. OnThurfday the 4th of February, early in the morn- ing, having unmoored, the Kcfolution and Dil'covcry fct fail, and cleared the harbour, attended by a vail num- kt ol lanoes. Wc propofcd to (hapc uur couric tor Mowct J as we ha ftiouta were hewd no bullle or confulion, by the motions of the nativ ' were perceived ; but we found ourfelvcs in a foljta''' dcferttvl b.iy, with hardly a friend appearing, or a 7' noe ft.rring. Their curiofity, indeed, might be fu*" pofed to bediminiflicd by this time ; but the hofpitahi" treatment we had been continually favoured with f the friendly manner in which we parted, induced uj expccft that, on our return, they wduKI luvc reccivH us with the grcateft ilemonltrationi ot' joy. Var' were our conjcOtures on ihe caufe of tins cxtraorHm'"" appiaiance, when our .uixicty was in part rclicved'h' tiie return of our boat, the crew of which brought ' intelligence, that Terreeoboo was abfent, and that th* hay was tabooed. This account appeared very fat factory to many of our company; but fomc wcfc"f opinion, that there was, at this time, fomewhjt vt fufpicious in the lichaviour of the natives; and that tl» taboo, or interdiction, on pretence of the kingi j! fence, was contrived artfully, to afford him time toco fuit his chiefs in what manner we Ihould be trcatfH Whether thofe fufpicions were well founded, or the count given by the natives was the truth, we were nc"' able to afcertain. For though it is not improbaw/ that our (uJden return, for which they could ke no a parent caufe, and the neceffity of w hich we aftcr«ard" found It very difficult to make them c,imprth«n|' might occalion fome alarm; yet the unlufpiciou, con^ diu't of Perreeobix), wId, on his fuj;p->fcd arrival ih next morning, came immediately to vitit Captain Coot' and the confcquent return of the natives to their fum, ' friendly intercnuile with us, arc ftron;^ proofs that th" neither meant, nor apprehended, anV ihsn^e of con' dudl. In fuppurt ot this opitiion, we nijy add theac" count 01 .'.nother accid--nt, j.recifily of the fame kind which happened to us, on ourliilt viiit, t>ied.iy l,clort the king's arrival. A native having fold a hog on bv.Ti our ftiip, and received the price aRnrd on, Paicca who faw the tianfaCtion, advilid the f.-Ilci not to part with his hog, without an advinccd price. I>or hisin lerfercnce in this hulincls, he was har(hly fpoken ,0' and pulhed aw.iy ; and as the taboo was foon laid on the bay, we, at firft, (uppofcd it to be t he confequcnce of the affront offered to the chief, lioth thefc evcnu fcrvc to (hew how extremely dilficult it is todrawan* certain conclufion from the condurt of a people with whofe language and cuftoms we were fo impcrfo,H» acquainted. Some idea, however, may be formfti of the difficulties thofe hive to encounter, who j,, their intercourfc with thefc ftrangers, are obliged toftecr their courfe in the midft of uncertainties, when the nioft ferious confcquences may In- cxpciied by only imaginarr offences. However true or falfe our conjeituiei nur be, It is certain this day, the Uih, things went on m their ufual quiet courfe. On Saturday the 1 3th, at the approach of evcninir the orticcr who commanded the watering party of ihe Difcovery, came to inform Mr. King, that fevcral chiefs wercafTcmblcd near the beach, and *crcdrivin|T away the natives, who afiiftcd the failors in rollmg the calks to the ftiorcj dcrlaring, at the fa:nc time, that their behaviour feemcd to be very fuipjcious, and ht imagined If.-y would give him fomc farther difturbincf. Mr. King, agreeable to his requcft, fent a marine \nt.i him, but permitted him to take only hit fide arms. The ofticer, in a fhort time, returned, and informed Mr, King, that the inhabitants had armed thcinfelvci with ftoniJ, and were become very tumultuous. Mr. King therefore went himfcif to the watering plate, at- tended by a marine with his mufqucr. Seeing tWrn apprtach, the iflanders threw away their fton.j, and, on Mr. King's application to fomc ot' the chiefs, the mob wa« dilpcrfcd. Every thing being now quiet, Mr. King went to meet Captain Cook, who was c oin- ing on fliorc in the pinnace. lie related to the din- modore all that had recently happened, and received orders to fire ball at the olfcnders, (hould they .igainbc- have infolently, and in cafe of their beginning to throw ftones. In confequencc of thefc ordcis Mr King com. mandcd the corporal togivedircttioni, that thefcntinels piecei vk«..itiii«i E T t. COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. s^j ;d : n ) rtiouti were henrj le motions of the native,' id ourfelvM in , foij • riend appearing. or»ci! ■.indeed, might be fuD. iiimc.-but,hehofpi„(J mall)- favoured witfi. ,„j wcpirtcd, induced u,o hey would have receivS (ration, ol py. v„J, y>vjs in part relieved b, rcu o( which brought u' '«asal,fcnt, and that the •unt appeared veryfati/ pny; butfomcwercof his time, fomewhat vJ the natives; andthati^i ctenco of the kini?', ,h^ to a/lord him timetoc. cr wc Ihould be trcatJ .well founded, or tS: > the truth, we were never '\"." ""t ,'mprobablc ..ch they could ffe no a;!' ^of«hichwcaftcr«4 lake them cmprehtm yeitheuMhifpicuu,,^ hii fuppr,fed arrival, rhe rely to v.m Captain Cook hcnat.vostotheirfornie; re (Iron- proofs, ha, ,!,„ !cd. any cl-,an,;e of con! «i.>a wemiyaddtheac. eciRly of ,hc fa„„. |„„j rli'llvmt, thedayl^toj ivin>5 fold a hog 01, \y^^ Icdthefrllcnottopan nrcdpric.-. For hum. mdi 'eve :nc .ai tai I -■--• .vji num. icwa, harlhlyfpokento. : tabtw was foon laid on It to bethf confequcnce hicf. l-Huh thefe events diirKiiIt It IS to draw any ■ct of a people, with were fo imperfcllly -r, may be formc.1 of ■■■v-ountcr, who in their .are obliged toftecr their taintus, when the nwft ■■'(cd by only imaginary our conjoJlurcj may ^h. things wcm on m approach of eveninj-. watering party of the Wr. King, that fevcril ieach, and were driving he faiJors in rolling the at the fa:nc time, thjt 'cry fuCpiciouj, and he me farther difturbince. icll, lent a nurinc viita kc only his fide arms, eturned, and informed had armed themfclvei lery tumuituoua. Mr. he watering place, at- Jufqucf. Seeing them i«ay their (loncs, and, ■>mc of the chiefs, the ing being now quiet, (^ook, who was co;ii' le related to the Com- ippened, and received fhould thcyiigainbc. ir beginning to throw orders Mr King com- pom, that the reminds pieces >f tj fhould be loaded with ball, inftead of Ihot. On P' jjturn to the tenta, we heard a continued fire of the mufkcts from the Difcovery, which we obferved to be ?reded at a canoe, that we faw paddling towards the flirc in gf"*^ '"'**• ■"'' purfued by one of our fmall i^is' Wc immediately concluded, that the firing was •Tconfcqucnce of fomc theft, and Captain Cook rdered Mr. King to follow him with a marine "rtncd. and to endeavour to fcize the people as they ^e on (horc. Accordingly, wc ran towards the lace where wc imagined the canoe would land, but ^.e too late j the people having quitted it, and made their efcape into the country ocfbre our arrival. VVe were at this time ignorant, that the goods had Zen already reftorcd ; and thinking it probable, horn the circumftanccs we had at firft obferved, that [^ might be of importance, for this rcafon, we were nnwilling to rclinquifh our hopes of recovering them. Having therefore enquired of the natives which way the fugitives had gone, wc followed them, till it was near dirk when judging ourfelvcs to be three miles from the tents, and lufpctiting that the natives, who frc- ' [lytncouraged us in the purfuit, were amuling us lib falfc information, wc thought it in vain to continue * ffjfch any longer, and therefore returned to the beach. During our abfcnce a difference of a more fcfious nature had happened. The officer who had bctndifpatchetl in the fmall boat after the thieves, and ■ho was returning on board with the goodi that had been reftorcd, fcemg Captain Ctwk and Mr. King en- iaeciiinthepurfuitoftheotrcndcrs,feizedacanoc which J* drawn upon the Owrr. This canoe belonged to Pareca, our friend, who at that inftant, arriving from on boari the Difcovery, claimed his proijcrly. and protcHed his innocence- However, the ofliccr pcrliftcd in dc- uming it, in «hich he was encouraged by the crew of the pinnace, then waiting for the Commodore. The tonlequcnce of this imprudent condud was, what might have been expected : a fcufflc cnfued , and Parcea un- fortunately was knocked down, by a violent blow on the head with an oar. Several of the natives, who had hitherto been unconcerned fpei^ators. began now to at- atk our people with fuch a (hower of ftoncs, that they were compelled to make a precipitate retreat, and fwam off 10 a rock, at a confidcrable diflance from the fhore. The pinnace was plundered immediately by the natives, and would have been entirely dcinolifhed, had not Pireea interpoltd, who had not only recovered from his blow, but had atfo forgot it at the fame inftant. He ordered the crowd to diipcrfc, and beckoned to our (leople to come and take poflclfion of the pmnacc; and attcrwards alfurcd thcin, that he wouKI ulc his in- fluence to get the things rcllurcd which had been taken out of it. After their departure, he followed them in hiscanoe, carryingthema midlhipman'scap, and fomc other articles i and cxpreding much concern at what had happened, begged to know, if the Orono would kill him ? And, whether he might be permitted to go on board the next day i He was alFured that he would be well received t upon whii:h he joined nofes with the olTiccrs (their ufual token of amity) and paddled over to Kowrowa. When thefe particulars were related to Captain Cook, he was exceedingly concerned { and then the Captain and Mr. King were returning on board, the former cxprcfTed his fears, that thefe ifland> ers would oblige him, though much againd his inclina- tion, to ufe violent mcafurcs with them ; adding, they mull not bo permitted to fuppofc that they had gained an advantage over us. It was too late to take any tteps ihiscvening, the Commodore therefore only gave orders, ihit every native flwuld be immediately turned out of ihc Ihipi. This order having been executed, Mr. King returned to his ftation on fliore t and the events of the day having much abated our former confidence in the natives, wc polled a double guard on the Moral, with ordi rs to fend to Mr. King andlct him know, if any of the natives were feen lurking about the beach. At 1 1 o'ckk, five of the natives were feen creeping round the bottom of the Morai: they approached fiiently withgreat uuiion, but, perceiving they wcjrc difcovercd, immedi- Wo. If. atcly retired out of fight. At midnight, on e of them ventured very near the oblervatory, when one of the fcntinels fired over him; whereupon he, with foine others fled with great precipit.ition, and we had no farther mulenation during the remainder of the night. The temper of thefe iflanders was now totally changed ; and for fomc days pafl, as may be feen fioin our jour- nal, they became more and more troublefome. In the courfc of this day, feveral parties of them were bufy in rolling ftoncs from the edge of the hill, with a view, as was fuppofed, to annoy the fhips ; but thclc were at too great a diftancc to receive any damage ; however, the Commodore lookingupon this as an inlulr, ordered fome of our great guns to be fired among them, and, in lefs than ten minutes, not an Indian was ro be feen near the place. In the afternoon Terrceoboo came on board, and complained of our having killed two of his people, intimating, at the fame time, that they had not rhe leaft intention of hurting us. He continued on board near two hours, amufiiig himfelf with fecinj; our ar- mourers work, and requcfted that they might be per- mitted to make him a pahooa (an mflrumcnt ufed in battle, when they come to clofc quarters) which was immediately done. Sunday, the 14th of February, 1779. This is that memorable day, in which are comprized the affecting incidents, and melancholy particulars, that concluded with the afraifination of our beloved and honoured Commodore. Very early in the morning, a party of the iflanders vve.c perceived, who made a gtcac lamen- tation, and moved flowly along to the beating of a drum, that gave fcarccly a ftrokc in a minute. From this circumftance our people fuppofed, they were bury- ing the dead who had been killed the preceding day. At day break Mr. King repaired on board the Rcfolu- tion, in order to examine the time-keeper. In his way thither, he was hailed by the Difcovery. and received the alarming information, that their cutter had bcea ftolcn, in fomc time of the night, from the b siy, where it was moored. The boat's painter had been cut two fathoms from the buoy, and the remainder of the rope was gone with the boat. This gave caufc fuf- ficient to fuljjcd that fome villany was hatching by the iflanders. and that ill confequcnccs would follow fuch a daring theft. With thefe thoughts Mr. King h.-liencd on board the Refolution, whole whole company were by this time in motion. On his arrival, he found the ma- rines arming, the crew preparing to warp the (hip nearer to the fhore, and Captain Cook loading hia double barrel gun. He began with a relation of what had happened in the night at the Morai, when the Com- iiHxlorc interrupted him with fome eagerncfs, and in- formed him of the lofs of the Difcovery 's cutter, and of the preiMrations he was making to recover it ; add- ing, that he was refolved to fcize Terrceoboo, and to confine him on board till the boat Ihould be returned. It had been Captain Cook's ufual practice, in all the iflands of the Pacific Ocean he had vifited. whcncvcc any thing of confequence had been ftolen by the na- tives, to get their king, or fomc of the principal carees on board, where he detained them as prifoners, till the property that had been loft was rcftorcti ,• and this me- thod having hitherto proved fuccefsful, he meant ta purfue it on the prefcnt occafion. In confequence of this hafty determination, the Commodore gave orden to ftop every canoe that fhould attempt to leave the bay J having refolved to feiae, and deftroy them, if the cutter could not be recovered by lenient mcafurcs. To this end the boats of both Ihips, properly manned and armed, were flationcd acrofs the bay. The ifland- era obferving our motions, and feeing the ftiips warping towards the towns, of which there were two, one on each ftdeof the harbour, they concluded that our de- fign was to fcize their boats. In conlequence of which conjecture, moft of their large war canoes took the alarm, and were making off, when our guns, loaded withgiapc and canifter Ibot, drove them back. Between the hours of feven and eisht o'clock, Cap- tain Cook and Mr. King quitted the Inip together ; the former in the pinnaccj having Mr. Phillips, and nine 7 I marines ,. I P i ( '. i >i i-n M^'' £86 Capt. C O O X8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. iv fi ii ' n marines wiih himj and the latter in a fmallboat. The laft orders Captain Cook gave Mr, King, were, to quiet the minds of the people on his iide of the Bay, by the ftrongcll airuranccs that thcyfliould not be injured; to keep his people together, and to be continually on his guard. Captain Cook and Mr. King then parted ; the former intending toproceed to Kowrowa, where Terree- oboo refided, and the latter to the beach. When Mr. King had landed, he perceived many of the war- riors of Owhyhee were cloathcd in their military mats, though without arms ; that they were gathering toge- ther in a body from every direction ; and that they af- fumed a very different countenance to what they ufually wore upon all former occalions ; he therefore, when ar- rived at his ftation on Ihorc, iflued ftrid orders to the marines, to continue within the tent, to charge their mufquets with ball, and not, on any confidcration, to quit their arms. This done, he waited upon old Kaoo, and the priefts, at their rcfpcdlivc huts, and explained to them, as well as he was able, the rcafon of the hortile preparations, which had fo exceedingly alarmed them. He found they were noftrangers to our lofs of the cut- ter, and aflTured them, that though the Commodore was rcfolved not only to recover if, but to punifti, in the moft exemplary manner, the perpetrato.rs of the theft; yet they, and all the inhabiunts of the village, on our fide, need not be alarmed, nor apprehend the Icall danger from us. He dclired the priclls to communi- cate the motives hy which wc were actuated in our prc- fent condudt, to the people, and to intreat them not to entertain groundlefs tears, but, confiding in our decla- rations, to remain peaceable and quiet. Mr. King hav- ing thus made known our reil intention, Kaoo atkcd, with great emotion, if Tcrrceoboo, the king, was to be hurt? Mr. King declared he was not; upon which both Kaoo and the reft of the priefts fccmed much fatisfied with this allurance. In the interval of thefc tranfadions. Captain Cook having called otl' the launch from the N. part of the Bay, and taken it wifH him, landed, regardlels of ap- pearances, at Kowrowa, with Mr. Phillips, lieutenant of the marines, a Icrjcant, and nine privates. He pro- ceeded immediately into the village, where he was re- ceived refpcafuUy; the people, as ufual, proftrating themfelves before him, and making their accullomtd offerings of fmall hogs ; but it was obferved, that the chiefs were in fomc conllernation on feeing the Captain and his guard, and that they foon difappcarcd one after another. The Commodore pcrceivine that his main dclign was not fufpedted, the next ftcp nc took was, to enquire for the king, and the two boys, his fons, who had been his conftant gticfts on board the Refolution. In a ftjort time the boys returned, with fomc of the na- tives who had been lent in fearch of them ; and con- ducted Captain Cook to the habitation where lerreeo- boo had (lept. The old king had juft awoke, and the Captain addrcilld him in the mildefl terms; afTuring him, that no violence was intended againfl his pcrfon, or any of his people ; but only againlt thofe who had been guilty of a moft unprecedented ad of robbery, by cutting from her moorings one of the (hip's boats, with, out which they could neither conveniently water, nor carry on the neccflary communication with the and every thij|, had a proff -ous appearance. The two boys were aU ready in the pinnace, and the reft of the parry were no! proaching the water-tide ; when a woman, named K," tiee-kabcreea, the mother of the boys, and one ofTcr' rceoboo's tkvourite wives, followed him, and with m,ni tears and intrcatica befought him not to venture n board. At the fame iime, two warriors who cdtiu- a" long with her, laid hold of the king, inlilling he (hun^j proceed no farther, and obliged hiin to lit down. iarge body of the iftandcrs haJ by this time got topp' iher, who had probably been alarmed by thedifch^p." ing of the great guns, and the hoHile appcarancci m the bay. They now bcjjan to Ix-havc outiagcoully anil to infult the guard. Thus lituatcd, Mr. Phillips' l^ tenant ol the marines, per t-iving that his men »("] huddled together liUhcciowJ, car.t'c.j'.iciMlvimahlcta ule their arms, Ihould there be a necellity tor lo J nj propofed to the Commotlore to draw them up along ||,I rocks, dole to the edge of the water; upon which the Lieutenant received orders to march, and, if any on; op|)ofcd, to fire upon, or inftantly difp.itch him; bu' I he natives readily making way (or them to pafj' m," Phillips drew them up in one line, within aboLit thin. yards of the place where Terrecoboo was fitting. i^ old king continued all this time on the grour ). H;, eyes diHufcd gloomy difcontent, his head dfooptj and hia whole countenance was imprelTcd with cvtr» mark of terror and dejection ; as if he was pofTclfcd with a foreboding confcioufnefs of the catallrophc, in the bloody tragedy that was now about to be acted Captain Cxwk, unwilling to abandon the ohjed whcli occafioned him to come on (liore, urged hiin moft cjt. ncftly to proceed ; but, on the other hand, if the kin» appeared inclined to attend him, the furroundinn-chieS intcrpofed: at firft they had recourfcto entrcatits; bjt afterwards to force and violence, and even inli(lcdoi\ his remammg on ftjore ; and the word was given, that Tootce was about to carry off their king, and'toliill him. Captain Cook, at length, finding that the alarm hij fprcad too generally, and being fenhble that there »« not a probability of getting Terrecoboo olV wnhout much bloodlhed, thought it moll piudent togiveLp the point; obfcrvingto Mr. Phillips, tliatit wjulJbc impoQibIc to compel the king to go on board, without running the rilk of killing a great number of the inhi- bitants. Thus the cnterprize was abandoned by Cap. tain Cook; nor did it appear, that his perfon was m the leaft degree of danger, tilt an accident happened, the report of which brought forth in an inlhnt t num. ber ot warriors from the crowd, and occafioned a fatal turn to the whol ■ aftair. 1 he boats ftationed acrofs iht Bay, having fired at fomc war canoes, for attempting to get out, had unfortunately killed one of their principal chiefs. Intelligence of his death arrived at the fp« where the Commodore then was, juft as he had paned from the king, and was walking (lowly towards the (hore. The lerment it occafioned was immediatcijr tooconfpicuous; the women and children were imme- diately lent away, and the men foon put on their wai mats, and armed themfclvet with fpiears and Itono, One of the natives having provided himfelf with two of thefe miflivc wcaponi, advancod towards Captain Cook,flouriftiing a long iron fpike, or pabooa, in defiance, and threatening to throw the ftonc. The Captain madt figns for him to defift, but the man pcrfifting in his in- folcncei and repeating his menaces with ftrungr gti- maces, he wal provoked to (ire a charge of fmall m at him ; but the warrior being defended by his tnat, I which the (hot could not penetrate, this fervcd only to irriutc and encourage the ukndcri, whofe lighting nitn now v«ik.««ikU4l; T E. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, ^c. to make the Rcfolutjo,, means of putting a Hop rand haul ly commuted , and on board the (hips as to become iiifmicr! lonftrance arofe, andjc. coboo fet out with Cap, •oard ; and every thin, The two boysttorcar. •eft of the parry Were :ip. :n a woman, ninned Ka! le boys, and one olTcr! red him, and With m«," him not to vencurj „„ >o warriors who tanic a king, inliHing he Hoi^ij ed hiiii to lit Uown I by this time g„t JorJ! latmedbythedirchjl ■ /'"'••'<• appc;irancc» fa eh.ivc outugeoiilly, am) ated. Mr. Flulhp. Lc, ving th^t his men h„c I. L-oi:(c',r,i,-nilviinahlc,a cancccllity lorloj -v • draw them up along tit! water J upon which the march, and, ifanyonj antly difpatohhimj bu- \y for them to pafs, m," hne, within about thirti ecoboo was fitting. ^^ nc on the grour I. H;, tent, his head dfoop-j as impreflcd with t\tn i as_ if he was poflllTcd rfs ot the cataltrophf, j, now about to be acted bandon the ohjcd nh cli •re, urged him tTioft car. : other hand, ilthctn» n.thcfurroundirnTchicS courfc to entreaties, |>jt ICC, and even inlifhj o!\ ^e word was given, tSit their king, andtoiiiii iding that the alarm hid ig Icnhhlc that there itij 'I'crreeoboo oil" wnhout moll ptudrnt togiveup ■^hillipj, thatitwjuldbc to go on board, without rrat number ot the inha- was abandoned by Cap. , that his perfon wai in I an accident happened, 3rth in an inftant a num. I, and occafioncd a fiul joats ftationed acrofs tht anoes, for attempting to :d one of their principal eath arrived at the fpot ai, juft as he had parted cing flowty towards the iloned was immediately ind children were immc- n Toon put on their wu with fpears and Itonei. vided himfclf with two anc«d towards Captain .e,orpahooa,indcGance, one. The Captain made tnanperTininginhiiin. nacei with ftransr gri- e a charge of fmaii fliot ig defended by his mat, rate, this fervcd only ta den, whofe fighting men now 587 no* pulhcd forward, liiiuwing whole vollies of ftones at the marines. One of the chiefs attempted to ftab Mr. Phillips with his pohooa, (fomc fay the very fame that was made by our armourers, at the requcft of the kinK, the day before) but not fucceeding in his attempt, he received from him a blow with the butt end of his mufquct. A general attack with ftone? fiicccrded, and the quarrel became general. On our fide, the guns from thclhips began to pour in their fire upon the multi- tude ofnatives, as did likewifc the marine guard, and thofe from the boats; ncverthclefs, t.-ough the (laugh- ter among the ifianders was great, yet, enraged as they were they rtood an inccflant fire with a(\oni(hing in- irepidity; and, without givmg time for the marines to charge again, they ruflied in upon them with horrid (houts and yells. What followed was a fcene of horror jnd confufion, which can more eaiily be conceived than related. Four of the marines, corporal Thomas, and three privates, namely Hinks, Allen, and Fadget, re- treated among the rocks, and fell vi>;tims to the fury of the enemy. Three others were dangeroudy wounded; tnd the Lieutenant, who had received a (lab between the (houldcrs with a pahooa, having fo.tunately rcfcr- vedhis fire, (hot the man who had wounded him, juil as he was going to repeat his blow. The la(l time our Commodore was diftinftly feen, he was (landing at the water's edge, ordering the boans to ceafe firing, and pull in; when a bafe airalTin, coming behind him, and linking him on the head with h s club, Idled him to the ground, in fuch a direction, that he lav with his face prone in the water. A general fliout was fet up by the illanders on feeing the Captain (all, and his body was dragged on (bore, where he was furroundcd by the enemy, who, fnatchinf; the dagger from each other's hands, difplayed a favage eagcrnefs to join in his de- ftrudtion. It (hould fcem that their vengeance was di- re(fled chieHy againft our Commodore, by whom they fuppofed their liing was to be dragged on board, and punifiied at difcretion ; for, having fecurcd his body, they fled without much regarding the rell of the (lain, one of whom they threw into the fea. Thus ended the life of the grcatcfl navigator that this or any other nation could ever boaft of: who led his crews of gallant Britifh feamen twice round the world ; reduced to a certainty the non-exiftence of a Southern continent, about which the learned of all na- tions were in doubt j fettled the boundaries of the earth and fea; and demon 11 rated the impradicability of aN. W. paffagc from the Atlantic to the great Southern Ocean, for which our ableft geographers had con- tended, and in purfuit of which vail fums had been fpent in vain, and many valuable mariners had miferably perifhcd. His death was doubtlefs premature; yet he lived to accomplifh the great undertaking tor which he feemed particularly ddigncd. How fincercly his lofs was lamented, (wc (peak here in the language of his panegy rifi) by thofc who owed their fecurity to his (kill and conduct, and every ronlbhtion to his tenderncis and humanity, it is impoilio'c to defcribe; and the talk would be cquilly difiiul; to rtprefciit the horror, dc- jeclion, and difinay, which IcUowcd fo dreailful and unexpected a cataiiiophe. Let ua therefore turn from fo mournful a fcene, to the pleating contcmplaiion uf his virtues, character, and public ferviccs, the lii(t<^iy of which our readers will find in the fubfequcnt chap- ter. ... '^1 CHAP. XV. Mor.cirt of lie lij< and puhUc fervices o/Ciptain Janes Cook—Ku tlrtb and parentatrr^Ediiralion and early filiiation in life— Hit tnelinMnn for ihefta, and firjl employment in the merchants fcrvice— Tries his fhrturf iii His Majrjly'sjlip, tit F-i^le Is made a Lirutenanl — His bebaviour under SirlVilliam Barnai^, and id":'! en^tn^eJ in the aniiyjcenes of the vi'ir in Ameriea — His appointments, hy the recommendations of Lord Colville and 'Sir Hugh I'ul'if r — Hisfirjl voyage to ibe South Seas— His fecond, to complete the difcmrTy of the Southern bemifphne — His third and Lijl voyage, in order to difcr.-fr a North If^eft pa/fage—An account of bis family, and their penftons-^Ohfervations on hts ebarader and death" Pjrliculars tvhich happened fnhfetfunt to Ins death— Bravery of Lieutenant PbllliDs — The ijhrders forced to retire — 67- tMiion of our party at the Mnrai— Annoyed f>y flones — An attempt tojhrm the Morai— flitted by our people— A jbort truce, and pacific meajures adopted— Mr. Kingfent to obtain a conference with fame of ti)e chiefs ofOiibybee — Hi inter. 'jirvKilh Koah — ContemptHous behaviour of the natives, and precautions taken on our fide — A p.nt ofC.iptain Cock's hiy brought— Farther prtwocatioHS from the natives— Dur watering parties harafed ziitbJhnes—Tbe viUnge (f Ka~ truce, Mil h'„h brought— Farther pr ^ ... kni /limed— fnpnce ofbra-iery in one of the n/itnies — A procelbon beaded by Kaireekeca—Tbe bones of Captain Cock brci.'ljl on boitui — Ibey are committed to the deep with the ufualfunerat ceremonies. HAVING related the untimely fate of our excel- lent Commander, Captain Cook, wc now proceed to give our readers fome new and authen- tic particulars of the life of this great navigator; the whole, we will venture to affirm, making a more cor- rect and complete hillorical narrative, on fo intercfting a fubjcd, than has hitherto appeared in any edition whatever of Captain Cook's voyages, under whatever authority publi(hcd,or however pompoufly fet forth. The late Captain James Cook, the fubjedl of thefe memoirs, was liorn at Marton, in the North Riding of Yorklhirc, on February the 3d, 1728. In this parti- cular, wc may rontradid the ignorant ad'ertions foi- llcd on the public by editors of publications of the like kind with this ; but we refl our credibifity on the authority of the Rev. Mr. Grenlide, whofc certificate, taken ft om the regitter of births in his parifh, is now in the poirelfton of our publifher. Th« father of Captain Ciok was a day labourer to a farmer, and lived in a Imall village furrounded with mud walls ^ who after- wards removed to Great Ayton } where he was ctu-. ployed as a pcafant by the late Thomas Scuttowc, Efti. with whom he was alfifted by young Cook, his fon, in thedilfcrent branches of huflMndry. At the age of 13, this youth was put undci; the tuition of Mr. I'ullen, a ilhoul matter of Ayton, by whom he wti inftrufled ip the arts of writing, common book-keeping, &:c. and he is faid to have Ihcwn an uncommon genius in his appli- cation to the fcveral rules of vulgar aiithinctic. In January, 1745, at the age of 17, his father bound hitn apprentice, to learn the grocery and habcrdafliery bufi- nefs, at Snaith ; but his natural inclination not having been confulted on this occafion, he foon quitted the counter in difgud, after a year and a half's fcrvitude; and having contraifled a (trong propenlity to the fea. his matter, willing to indulge him in following the bene of his inclination, gave up readily his indentures. In Jtiy, 1746, he was bound apprentice to Mr. Walker, of Whitby, for the term of three years, which time he ferved to his matter's full fatisfadion. Under him he firtt failed on traardthc (hip Freelove,cmployed chiefly in the coal trade from Newcattle to London. In the fpring of 1750, Mr. Cook (hipped himfelf as a feaman on board the Maria, under the command of Captain Gaf- kin ; in which vefTel he continued all that year, in the Baltic trade. In 1753, he entered on board his Ma- jetty's (hip the £aglet "having a mind," as he ex- prelfed himfelf, •• to try his fortune that way." Some time after, the Eagle failed with another frigate on a cruife, in which they were very fuccefsliri. In the year 1 758, we find this riling mariner, matter of the Northumberland, the flagttiip of Lord Colville, wh9 . if 1. '■It n 1\m life I 1' I,' ill I I if'' H 588 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ".i * =^11 'i\-m III fclW, -*-AuJfci4i_ ill mi who hid then the command of a fquadron ftationed on the coaft of America. It was here, as he has often been heard to fay, that, during a hard winter, he firft read Euclid, and applied to the (ludy of the mathema- tics and aftronomy, without any afliftancc than what a few books, and his own induftry afforded. At the fame time, that he thus found means to cultivate his under- Handing, improve his mind, and fupply the deficiencies of an early education, he was engaged in moftot the bufy and adive fcencs of the war in America. At the liege ofQyebec, SirCharlesSaunderscommitted to hischarge the execution of ferviccs, of the firft importance in the naval department. He piloted the boats to the attack of Montmorency ; conduifled the embarkation to the heights of Abraham, examined the paflage, and laid buoys for the fccurity of the large fliips in proceeding up the river. The courage and addrefs with which he acquitted himfelf in thefcfcrvices, gained him the warm fricndlhip of Sir Charles Saunders and Lord Colville, who continued to patronize him during the rcH of their lives, with the greateft seal and afiirdion. On the I ft of April 1760, he received a commilTton as a lieutenant, and foon after a fpecimen of thofe abi- lities, which recommended him to the commands, in the execution whereof he fo highly difplayed his me- rit, that his name will be handed down to poftertty, as one of the moll fkilful navigators which this coun- try hath produced. In 1765 he was with Sir William Barnaby, on the Jamaica ilation, and behaved in fuch a manner as gained him the approbation of the admi- ral. At the conclufion of the war, he was appointed, through the recommendation of Lord Colville, and Sir Hugh Palliler, to (urvey the (^ulph of St. Lawrence, and the coails of Newfoundland. In this employment he continued till the year 1767, when the Royal So- ciety refolved, that it would be proper to fend a navi- gator into the South Seas, to ohfcrve the Tranfit of the ])lanct Venus over the Sun's dilk : and Otaheitc being tixcd upon, the Endeavour, a fliip built for the coal trade, was put into commiflion, and the command of her given to Lieutenant, the late Captain Cook, who was appointed with Mr. Charles Green to obfervc the Tranlic. In this voyage he was accompanied by Jo- fcph Banks, £fq. fincc Sir Jofeph, and Dr. Soiandcr, and other ingenious artifts. The Tranfit of Venus was obfcrvcd in diftcrcnt parts of the illand, and the Captain returned, after having been abfent almoft three yevs. in which period he had made difcovcrics equal to all the navigators of his country, from the time of Columbus to the prcfcnt. From this period, as his ferviccs increafcd in ufcfulnefs to the public, lb his reputation advanced to a height too great for our encomiums to reach. Perhaps no fcicnce ever re- ceived greater additions from the labours of a finglc nun, than geography has done from thofe of Captain Cook ; who, in his firft voyage to the South Seas dif- covcrcd the Society Ides j determined the infularity of New Zealand : difcovcrcd the ftraits which fcparate the two iflands, called after his rume ; and made a complete furvey of both. He afterwards explored the eallcrn coaft of^ New Holland, hitherto unknown; an extent of 27 dcg. of lat. or upwards of 2,000 mile*. Soon after the Captain's return to Eraland. it wa« refolved to e(]uip two (hips to complete the difcovery of the Southern hemifpncre. It had long been a prevailing idea, that the unexplored part conuincd another continent. To afccrtain the (»A was the principal objc<5t of this expedition ; and that nothing might be omitted that could tend to facilitate the cn- tcrprize, two ftiips were provided : the one, the Refb- lution, under the coninund of Captain Cook; the other, the Adventure, commanded by Captain Fur- ocaux. In this fecond expedition round the world. Captain Cook refolved the great problem of a fouthcm continent t having fo completely traverfed that hemif* [)herc, »s nut to leave a podibility of iti exiftence, un- L-fs fo near the pole, at to be beyond the reach o[ na- vigation. In this voyage New Caledonia, the lareeft iOand in the Southern Pacific Ocean, except New Ze»- hoiif wa» (jycgvcredj M wai alio the ilUnd of Geor- gia ; and an unknown coaft, which the Captain nanifd Sandwich land; and having twice viiitcd the tropiui fcas, he fettled the fituations of the old difcovcrics and made fevcral new ones. ' The want of fuccefs which attended Captain Copk'i attempt to dilcover a Southern Continent, did not frr alide another plan which had been recommended fome time before. This was no other than the finding out a N. W. paOagc, which the fancy of fome chimerical projcftors had conceived to be a praAicabIc fcheme His Icrvice* were required for this arduous undertskin? and he ottered them without hefitation. This third and laft voyage is diftinguiOied by the extent and im portance of its difcoveries. Not to mention fevcnl Imaller iflands in the Southern Pacific, Captain Cook difcovered the group, north of the equinoxial line called Sandwich Iflands; which, on account of their fituation and productions, may perhaps become an ob. jeift of more confcquence, than any other difcovery jn the South Sea, He explored what had remained before unknown of the weftern coaft of America, an extent of 370omilea; afcertained theproximity of the two con- tinents of Afiaand America; failed through thcnraiu between them, and furveycd the coafts on each fide fo far as to be fatisfied of the impradicability of a p,fl fage in that hcmifphcre, from the Atlantic into the I'a" cific Ocean, by an caftern or weftern coaft. In amn hccompleated the hydrography of the habitable globf' if we except the Japanefc Archipelago, and thelhcf Amur, which are ftill known imperfectly by European! Throughout this voyage it mult be conlellcd, that hii fervices as a navigator arc important and mcritorioiu. The methods whicfi he invented, and fo fucccfifulli put in praaice, of orelirrving the health, (and conle. quently the lives) of loamcn, will tranfmit hisnameto future ages, as a friend and benefactor of mankind, !t is well known among thofe who are convcrfant ii\ naval liiftory, that the advantages which have been fought, through the medium of long fta voyages, have always been purchafed at a dear rate. That dreadful diforder which it peculiar to this Icrvice, muft, without excrcifing an unwarrantable degree of tyranny over out feamen, have been an infuperable obftacic to our en< tcrprizes. It was refcrvcd for Oiptain Cook to con. vincc the world, that voyages might be protradcd to three, or even four vears, in unknown regions, and under every change of ciinuttc, without alFciitmg the health, in the fmalTcft decree, and even without diminilliing the probability of life. A few months after hisdcpai- turc from England, notwithftanding he was then ab. fent, the Royal Society voted him Sir Godfrey Copley i gold medal, at a reward for the account, which he had tranfmitted to that body, of the method taken to pre- ferve the health of the crew of his fliip. Captain Cook was a married man, and left feveral children behind him. On each of thcfc hit Majcfty has fettled a pcnfion of twenty-five pounds a year, and two hundred poundi per annum on hit widow. The conflitution of this great and unparalleled navigator, was robuft both by nature and habit ; hit body baring been inured to labour, and rendered capa- ble of undergoing the fevercft haxdfhips. His Komach bore, without complaining, the mull coarfe and un- Srateful food. Indeed he fubmitted, with an eafy fclf- enial, to wants of every kind, which he endured with remarkable inditterencc. The qualities of hit mind were of the lame hardy vigorous kind with thofe of hii body. His underfianding was ftrong and quick-fightcd: his judgment, in whatever related to the fcrvicei he was engaged in, quick and furc ; his deligns were bold and daring, yet manly and difcrect. His cou- rage was cool and determined, and accompanied with an admirable prefence of mind, in the moment of Jan. gcr. His manners were plain and unatt'eifted. Some have cenfured hu temper as fubjedt to hifti. nels and paflion ; but let it be conlidered that thcfe were counteradled, and frequently difarmed. by a dif- Eofition benevolent and humane. There are thofe who ■ve bUmed Capuin Coojc for his feverity to the na. tivei of differcoi iflitDds whieh we viiiicd t but it wai not COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. vhich the Captain named twice vilited the tropical f the old difcovcriei, and attended Captain Copk's n Continent, did not fct been recommended feme ler than the finding out i mc/ of fome chimerical K a praAicable fchcme. his arduou] undertaking ; hcfaation. This third d by the extent and in,. Not to mention fcvcrjj 1 Pacific, Captain Cook of the equinoxial line, ch, on account of thcjr Y perhaps become an ob. n any other difcovery in ^hat had remained before of America, an extent of roximity of the two con. failed through thcnraii, the coalls on each fide mpradicabilityofipifl the Atlantic into the I'j. wcftern coaO. In (liorr, ^y of the habitable globe', :hipelago, and the lea of Tipertectly by European!. ill be confellcd, that hii x>rtant and mcritoriom. nted, and fo fuccefifullt : the health, (and confe. will tranfmithisnamcio benefador of mankind. : who arc convcrfant in itagcs which have been 3f long fta voyages, have ear rate. That dreadful lis fcrvice, mull, without gree of tvranny over out able obftacic to our en. r C4iptain Cook to con. might be protradedto nown regions, and under out afFciitmg the health, en without diminilliing months after hisdcpaf inding he was then ab. im Sir Godfrey Coplej'i account, which he had e method taken to pre- his fliip. Captain Cook ralchildrcn behind him. has fettled a penfion of two hundred pounds per ;reat and unparalleled nature and habit; hit our, and rendered capi. arddiips. His llomach : mufl coarfe and un. tted. withaneafyfclf- which he endured with qualities of his mind kind with thofcofhii ong and qulck ind accompanied with in the moment of dan* nd unaHeifted. per as fubjed to hidi- confider^d that ihcfe ly difarmed, byadif- , There are thofe who til fevericy to the na. we vifltcd I but it w» not S8y not tothefe alone he was fevcre in his difcipline. He never futfered any fault in his own people, thuuch ever fotrivial, to efcape unpunilhed. If they were charged with infulting a native, or injuring him in his property, if the faitt was proved, the offender feldom cfcaped vnpunilbcd. By this impartial diRributian of equal iuftiKi the natives themfelves conceived fo high an idea of his wtfdom, and his power too, that they paid liini the honours bedowed on their Eatooa, or good This is certain, char a moi> diHinguifhing feature in Captain Cook's character was, that unremitting per- fcvcruncc m die purfuit of his objedl, which was iwt only lupcrior to the oppolition of dangers, and the pref- fureof hardlhipi, but even exempt from the want of or- dinary relaxation. During the three long voyages m which he was engaged, his eagerncfs and adivity were never m the leall abated. No incidental temptation could detain him for a moment; even thofo intervals ot recreation, which fomctimes occurred unavoidably, and were looked for by us with a longing that pcrloiis who have experienced the fatigues of fervice will readily exculc, were fubmitted to by him with a certain im- patience, whenever they could not be employed in niak- ]nd urther provifions for the profccution of his dc- iii>ns. In the courfc of this work, wc have taithfully enumerated all the particular iniiances in which theic qualities were difplaycd, during the great and import- ant cntcrpriies in which he was engaged : and we have hkcwife listed the refult of thofe fcrviccs, under the two principals heads to which they may be referred, thofe of geography and na\ igation, ■ ach of which we have placed in a feparatc and didind point of view. Wc cannot dole thcfe memoirs, without taking a (liptii rctrofpec^ivc view of the tragical end of this truly erc.t Jiid wotlhy fcaoflicer. It was imagined by fomi. oftnulc who were prefciit, that the marin<^s, and thofe who were in the boats, tired without Captain Cook's orders, and that he was anxioui to prevent the farther clfulion of blood ; it is ihcrelore probable, that, on this occation, his humanity proved fatal to him ; for it was oblcrvetl, that while he laced the natives, no violence had been oll'ered him ; but when he turned about to oivedirccliuns to the boats, he immeduitely received the fatal blow. Whether this was mortal or not it is im- polTible for any one to determine ; but we arc informed by a gentleman on board the Difcoverity, whofe veracity i] unqucftionable, that there was time futficient to have fccurcd the body ot our brave Commander, had a cer- tain lieutenant, who commanded a boat of the fame Diip, pulled in, inllead of making off. We do not mention the name, but if our information is an unde- niable fad, the dallardly oKicer merits juflly that con- tempt and poverty, to which it is faid he is at prelent reduced. We beg leave further to obfcrvc, that the natives had certainly no intention at firll of dclhoying Captain Cook, or any of hii party. The caufe firll originated in the death of the Eree, who was Ihot by one of our people in the boat : it was this circumdance which alarmed them, and, in confequcncc of this it was that they armed themfelves. Ac this period Captain Cook might have returned on board with fafety -, but he was uiilortunate in miffing the man who behaved info- lent to him, and fhootii^ another > he was unfortunate in the tiring of the marines t and equally fo in the fir- in|> of the people in the launch ; all which happened in (Ia fpace of a few minutes. In (hort, all the caufes that brought on the death of this much lamented Cir- cumnavigator, were produced by a chsin of events whiLi could no more be forefcGn than prevented. His memory wc leave to (he gratitude and admiration of poflcrity. VVc now proceed to relate thofe paiticulan that have cume to our knowledge, and which happened fubfe- quem to the death of Captain Cook. Wc have before obfcrvcd, that four of the marines, who accompanied the Commodore, were killed by the natives} the furvi- vors, with Mr. Phillips, their lieutenant, threw them- felves into the fca„ and made their efcape, being pro- todK-d by a fman tire fioni the boati. On thii occt' No. 72. fion, a ftriking inflance of gallant behaviour, and of etfedion for his men, was difplaycd by Mr. Phillips ; for he had fcarc !y got into the boat, w hen, feeing one of the marines, who was not a very expert fwiinmer, ftruggling in the water, and in dan^^cr of being taken by the iilanders, he inftantly leaped into the fca to his alTirtancc, though confidcrably wounded himfcif; and alter receiving a blow on his head from a Oone, which had almofl fent him to the bottom, he caught the ma- rine by the hair, anJ brought him off in fafety. Our people for fome time kept up a conthint fire from moH of the boats (« hich, during the whole tranl^tiltion, were at no gi eater diftance from the land than twenty yards), m order to afford their unfortunate companions, if anj» of them Ihould Ihll remain alive, an opportunity of ef- feding their efcape. Thefc efforts, fecondcd by a few guns, that were, at the fame time, fired from the Re- folution, having at length compelled the enemy to re- tire, a finall boat, manned by five midfiiipmen, pulled towards thefhore, where they percc;ived tlic bodies lying on the ground without any figns of life. Uuwcver, they judged it dangerous to attempt to bring them off with fo inconfiderabic a force ; and their ammunition being nearly confumed, they returned to the Ihips, leav- ing the bodies in poflTufTion of the natives, cogether with ten itands of arms. After the general conftcrnation, which the news of this misfortune had diffufed throughout the whole company of both (hips, had in fome degree fubfidcd, their attention was called to the party at the moral, where the malt and fails were on Ihore, guarded by only tix marines. It is difficult to dcfcribe the emotioni that agitated the minds of Mr. King, and his attend* ants, at this llation, during the time m which thcfe oc curreiires had happened, at the other fide of the bay. Being at rhcdillance only of a mile from the village of Kowrowa, they could dillindly perceive a vail multitude of people colleded on the fpot where Captain Cook had jull before landed. They heard the firing of the mufquets, and obferved an uncommon buttle and agi- tation among the crowd. They afterwards faw the iflandcrs retreating, the boats retiring from the fhore, and pafling and rcpafTing, with great llillncfs, between the (hips. Mr. King's heart fuon mifgave him on this occafion. Where fo valuable a life was concerned, he could not avoid being alarmed by fuch new and threaten- ing appearances. Befidcs this, he knew that Captain Cook, from a long feries of fucccfs, in his tranfai^liuni with the natives of this ocean, had acquired a degree of confidence, which might, in fome ill-fated moment, put him too much olfhis guard; and Mr. King .low fa\r all the dangers to which that confidence might lead, w ichout deriving much confolation from the conlidcra* tion of the experience which had given rife to it. His firlt care, on hearing the report of tlie mulqucts, was to alTurc the iflanders, contiderable numbers of whom were aflcmbled round the wall of our conlecrated field, and feemed at a lols how to accounc for whac they had heard and feen, chat they (hould meet with no molella- tion ; and that, at all events, he was inclined to conti* nue on peaceable terms with them. In this fituation, Mr. King and his attendants re> mained till the boats had returned on board, when Cap- tain Clcrke perceiving, by means of his telcfcopc, thac our party was furrounded by the natives, who, ho though:, defigned to attack them, ordered two four- pounders to be fired at the iflandcrs. Thefc guns, though well aimed, did no mifchicf ; but they gave the native! a convincing proof of their powerful etfeds. A cocoa-nut cree, under which fome of them were fining, was broken in the middle by one of the balls ; and the other fhivered a rock, which ftood in an exaA line with them. As Mr. King had, ju(l before, given them the ftrongeft afTurances of their fafety, he was ex- tremely mortified at this ad of holUlity, and, to pre* vent its being repeated, inftantly difpatched a boat to inform Captam Clerkc, that he was, at prefent, on the I moll hmicabic terms with the iilanders, and that, if any future occafion Ihould arife lor changing his conduct to- wards them, he would hoift a jack, as a fignal tor Cap- 7 K taiq , J ',' : ?' ^ 1.1 ■ ihm ■-alij 1 mm iHli 11 1 11 6yo Capt. C O O K 8 V I) Y A « E S COMPLETE. ;i !M .'' mid i !i n it fain Clcrke to affoni hiin his aililbncc. Mr. King wailed the return ot the boat with the ^reateil impa- licnce*-. and after remaining lor the (pace ot" a quarter of an hour, under the utmoll anxiety and fuipence, his fears were at Icnj^th confirmed, by thcariivai of Mr. Blifjh, with orders to flrike the tents immediately, and to fend on boird the fails, that were repairing. At the fame indant, Kaireekeea having alio received informa- tion of the death of Captain Cook, from a native who had arrived from the other tide of the bay, apuroachcd Mr. king, with great dcjcdion and forrow in his coun- tenance, cn lie opinion ot the greater part of the olFiccn on board; and nothing lecmcd to him more likely lotn. courage the ilUiuieu lu make the attempt, thanihcap. pearancc of QUI ocing inclined to an accommodjiion, which they could only impu'.e to weaknefs or Icir. Ui the other hand it was urged, in favour of more concu liaiory meafurcs, thtt the mifchief was already do ., and was irreparable; that the natives, by region >t their lornK-rtricndlhipaiKl kindnclii had a llrong najn to our regard : and the more particularly, as the hte calamitous accident did not appear to have t.ikcn wi rife troin any premeditated delign i that, on the part ot Teriecoboo, his ignorance of the theft, his willmgnds to accompany Captain Cook on board the Rcfukiion, and his having actually fent his two funs into the pin- nace, mull rekuc his character, in this refpecl, Ituip the tinallert degree offulpiciun; that the behaviour it his women, and the chicis, might eafily be accounted for, from the apprcheniiom occalionrd in their minds by the armed force, with which Capuin Cook IjiiJol. and the hortile preparations in the hay; appearances U unfuitabie to the confidence and fricndthip, in wbuh both parties had hitherto lived, that the arming of liic illanders was nunifertly with a defign to refill the .it- tempt, which they hnd fome reafoii to expect would he made, to carry oti their fovercign by force, and wis naturally to be expcCted from a people who had .1 le- markabic aitc(^ion fur their chiefs. To thefe dicta;?! ot hununity, other motives of a prudential kind were added ; that we were in want of a fupply of water, and other refreftiments ; that the Rclolution's lorcmaii would require feven or eight days work, before it could be Hepped; that the fpring was advancing very Ml; and that the fpccdy profccution of our next expedition to the northward, ought now to be our fole object; and that, therefore, to engage in a vindiAive comelt \»i!ii the natives, might not only fubjecl us to the impuiati on ol needlcis cruelty, but would require great delay in the equipment of our fliips. In this latter opinion Captain Clcrke concurred , and though Mr. King was convinced, that an early and vigorous difplay ot out rpfentoKnt would have more eife(ttually anfwercd every object both ot ptudence and hu^panity, he was, upm tiii; ^'^^-K COOK'S THIRD and F.AST VOVAHE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, kc. 591 the whole, not forry that the meafures he had recom- nuiiJfd were rejcifted. lor though the contemptuous hfhaviour of the iflanders, and their lubfcqucnt oppo- lition 10 our nccclTary occupations on (hore, ariling i„g(l probably from a mifconllrucflion of our Icnuy, o- bliiict! us at laft to have recourfe to violence in our own delcncc ; yet he was not certain that thecircumllanccs of the cafe would, in the opinion of the generality of people, have julhficd the ule of force, on our pan, in thctiril inftancc. Cautionary fcverity is ever invidi- ous and the rigour of a preventive mcafure, when it is the'mort fuccefsful, leaves its expediency the leart ap- parent. During thcfe deliberations, and while we were thus jmaiTcd in concerting fome plan for our future opera- tions, a very numerous concourfe of the natives Hill lifoi polTellion of the fliorc; and fome of them coming ojtincanocs, approached within piltol-fliot of the Ihips, and infulied us by various marks of defiance and con- tempt- It was extremely difficult to rellrain the feamen from the ufe of their arms on thcfe occations ; but, as pacific meafures had been refolvcd on, the canoes were allowed to return unmolefted. Mr. King was now or- dered by Captain Gierke to proceed towards the Ihore with the boats of both (hips, well manned and armed, with a view of bringing the iflanders to a parley, and of obtaining, if polfible, a conference with fome ol the Erees. If he (hould fucceed in this attempt, he was to deiiuid the dead bodies,and particularly that of Captain C-xik: to thrcatc.i them, in cafe of a rcfufal, with our rffcntment j but by no means to fire, unlefs attacked ; and not to go allioic on any account whatever. Thefe inflrudions were delivered to Mr. King before the whole party, in the niofl politivc manner ; in confc- (] lencc of which, he and his detachment left the fhips alout tour o'clock in the afternoon; and as they ap- proached the (here, they perceived every indication of a hollile reception. The natives were all in motion, the women and children retiring; the men arming thcm- fclvcs with long fpcars and daggers, and putting on their war mats. It alfo appeared, that fince the morn- ing they had thrown up brcafl-works of ftone along the beach, where Captain Cook had landed ; in cxpetftation, perhaps, of an attack at that place. When our party were within reach, the iflanders began to throw (tones at them with (lings, but without doing any mifchief. .Mr. King concluded from thefe appearances, that all at- tempts f) bring them to a parley would be inelledual, unlets he g.nvc ihcin fome ground (or mutual conli- dencc: he therefore ordered the armed boats to (iop, and advanced alone in the fmall boat, holding in his ham! a white flag; the meaning of which, from an uni- vcrfal Ihoutof joy from the natives, he had the fatisfac- tionto find was immediately undcrftood. The women mftantly returned from the tide of the hill, whither they had retired; the men thr-w oil" their mats, and all (ear- ed thcmfclves together by the fea-lidc, extending their arms, and inviting Mr. King to land. Notwithftanding fuch behaviour feemcd exprcflivc of a friendly difpodtion, Mr. King could not avoid en- tertaining fufpicions of its linccrity. But when he faw Koah.with extraordinary boklncfs and alTurancc, fwim- roing off towards the boat, with a white Hag in his hand, he thought proper to return this mark of confi- dence, and accordingly received him into the boat, though he was armed; a circumftancc which did not contribute to IcITcn Mr. King's fufpicions. He had in- deed long harboured .nuinfavourable opinion of Koah. The priclts had always reprcfcnted him as a perfon of a maliaous temper, and no friend to us; and the repeated detedions of his fraud and treachery, had convinced us of the truth of their aiTertioni. Belides the melan- choly tranfadions of the morning, in which he was fecn palorining a principal part, infpired Mr. King with theutmolt horror at findmg himfclf fo near him; and as he approached him with feigned tears, and embraced him, Mr. King was fo diftrufUul of his intentions, that he took hold of the point of the pahooa, which the chief held in his hand, and turned it from him. He in- ibrmed the ii]And(;t: that j^c hail come to UcnunU the body of Captain Cook, and to declare war ag.iinfl the natives, unlcfs it was rellored without delay. Koah af- fiircd him that this (hould be done as fooii a.s pofTiWe, and that he would go himfclf for that purpofe; and af- ter requefting a piece of iron of Mr. King, with marks ol great alFurance, Sr leaped into the water, and fwam aiiiore, calling out to his countrymen, that we were all (riends again. Our people waited with great anxiety nc:ir an hour for his return. During this interval, the other boats had approached foncar the fliore, that the men who were in them cntcnd into converfation with a party of the idanders, at a little didance; bv whom they were informed, that the Captain's bodv had been cut to pieces, and carried up the coun:ry ; but of this circumllance Mr. King was not apprized till his return to the fliips. He therefore now began to exprcfs fome degree of impatience at Koah'a delay; upon which the chiefs prcfFcd him exceedingly to land; afTuring him, that if he would go in pcrCon to Tcrrecoboo, the body would bo undoubtedly rellored to him. When they found they could not prevail on Mr. King to go a(horc, they endeavoured, on pretence of converling with him with greater cafe, to decoy his boat among liime rocks, where they might have had it in their power to feparatc him from the other boats. It was eafy to fee through thcfe artifices, and he was therefore very dclirous of breaking off all communication with them ; when a chief approached, who had particularly attached h,m^ fell to Captain Clerke, and the ofticers of the Difco- very, on board which (hip he had failed, when we la(t quitted the bay. intending to take hi palTige to the idand of Mowec. He (aid he came from Terrccoboo, to acquaint our people that the body was carried up the country, but th.it it lliould be brought back the follow- ing morning. There appeared much ftncerity in hij manner; and being alkcd if he uttered a falfhood, he hooked together his two fore fingers, which is here un- dcrftood as the (ign of veracity, in the uk of which thefe iflanders arc "cry fcriipulous. Being now ai a lofs how to proceed, Mr. King fent Mr, Vancouver to in- form Captain Gierke of all that had paflld ; that it was his opinion, the ativcs did not intend to keep their woitl with usj and, far from being grieved at what had happened, were on thecontnry infpired with great con- fidence on account ^ • 'hvir late fucccfs, and fought only to gain time, till they could plan fome fchcme for get- ting our people into their power. Mr. Vancouver came back with orders for Mr. King to return on board, after giving the iflanders to underlland, that if the body was not rcltored the next morning, the town (liould be dc- (Iroycd. No fooncrdid they perceive our party retiring, than they endeavoured to provoke them by the molt contemptuous and infultmg ge(\urc3. Several of our people (aid, they could diftinguilh fome of the natives paiading about in the cloaths which had belonged to our unhappy countrymen, and among them, ati Eree brandiihing Captain Cook's hanger, and a woman hold- ing the fcabbard. In confcquence of Mr. King's re- port to Captain Clerke, of what he fuppofed to be the prefent temper and difpofition of the inhabitants, the mod e(lt>;tual methods were taken to guard againft any attack they might make during the night. The boats were moored withtop-chains; additional fentinels were (lationed in each of our (hips; and guard-boats were direiftcd to row round them, in order to prevent the iflanders from cutting the cables. During the night, we faw a valt number of lights on the hills, which in- duced fome o( us to imagine, that they were removing their ctl'eds farther up into the country, in confcquence of our menaces. But it feems more probable, that they were kindled at the facrifices that were performing on account of the war, in which they fuppofed themfelvcs likely to be engaged { and, perhaps the bodies of our (lain countrymen were at that time burning. We af- terwards obfervcd fires of the fame kind, as wc pafFcd the illand of Morotoi{ and which, according to the in- formation we received from fome ot the natives then on board, were made on account of a war they had declared .^gainft a neighbouring ifland. This agrees with whac *c learned among the Friendly and Society Ides, that, pic- Hn t ' m ^ ■f m . ml ii'^l I'lU :Pi 592 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. vious to any hoftile expedition, the chieh always cti- deavourcd to animate the courage of the people, by fcafts and rejoicings in the night. We paflTed the night without any difturbancc, except from the howlingJ and lamentations which were heard on fljOrc. On Monday the isth, early in the morning, Koah came along-fide the Rcfolution, with a fmall pig and feme cloth, which he dcfired permilTion to prefent to Mr. King. We have already mentioned, that this offi- cer was fuppofcd by the iilanderi to be the fon of dp- tain Cook; and as the latter had always rulfcrcd ihem to believe it, Mr. King was probably confidcrcd as the chief after his death. As foon as became an deck, he interrogated Koah » ith regard to the body j and, on his returning ev.ilivc anfwers, refufcd to accept his prcfents, and was on the point of difmifling him with exprclTions of anger and rcfcntment, had not Captain Gierke, with a view of keeping up the appearance of friendlhip, judged it more proper that he ihould be treated with the curtomary rcfpeCt. This artful pricll camcfrequently to us in the courfc of the morning, with fomc triHmg prcfcnt or oihrr; and as we always obferved him eye- ing every part of the lliip with a great degree of atten- tion, we took care he would fee wc were wcH prepared for Dtir dikncc ilc was extremely urgent both with Captain Ccikc and Mr. King to go on Ihore, imputing the detention o» the bodies to the other chiefs, and af- furini? thofc gentlemen, that every thing might be ad- juded to their fatisfadion, by a perfonal interview with the king. However, they did not think it prudent to comply with Koah* retjuelf 5 and indeed a faft came afterwards to their knowledge, which proved his want ofvcraeity. For, they were informed, that immediately after the action in which Captain Cook had loll his life, Tcrreeolxx) had retired to a cave in the fteep part of the mountain that hangs over the bay, which was acceflibk only by means of ropes, and where he continued for fe- vcral days, having his provilions let down to him by cords. Alter the departure of Koah from the (hips, wc obferved that his countrymen who had aflcmbied by day-break, in valt crowds on the (hore, flocked around him with great cagcrnels on his landing, as if they wiQicd to learn the intelligence he had gained, and what ftcps were fo be taken in confcquence of it. It is highly probable, that they expelled we Ihould attempt to put our threats in execution ; and they appeared fully de- termined to (land their ground. During the whole morning, we heard conchs blowing in various parts of the coaft j large parties were perceived marching over the hills ; and, upon the whole, appearances were fo a- hrming, that we carried out a Qream anchor, for the pur;)ofc of hauling the (hip abread of the town, in cafe of an attack 1 and boats were Rationed off the notthern point of the bay, in order to prevent a furprizc from the natives m that quarter. Their warlike pofture at pre- fent, and the breach of their engagement to reilorc the bodies of the (lain, occafioned frclh debates anmng us concerning the meafures which (hould now be purfued. It was at length determined, that nothing (hould be per- mitted to interfere with the repair of the Rcfolution's ma(l, and the preparations for our departure; but that wc (hould nevcrthelefs continue our negociations for the rcl^oration of the bodies of our countrymen. The greater part of this day was employed in getting the tore-malt into a proper fituation on deck, that the car- penters might work upon it; and alfo in making the re- quilite alterations in the commilTions of the officers. Thcchief command of the expedition havingdevolved on Captain Gierke, he removed on board the Kefolu- tion, promoted Lieutenant Gore to the rank of Cap- tain of the Difcoveiy, appointed Meflrs. King and Williamfon fird and (ccond Lieutenants of the Rcfolu- tion, and nominated Mr. Harvey, a Midfliipman, who had accompanied Captain Cook during his two lall voyages, to fill the vacant lieutenancy. During the whole day, wc fuilaincd no interruption fiT>m the iilan- ders: and in the evening, the launch was moored with a top-chain, and guard-boats ftationed round each of the Ihips as before. About eight o'clock, it being ex- ceedingly dark, we heard a canoe paddling towards the (hip'; and it was no fooner perceived, than both the fen tincis on deck fired into it. Tiiere were two of then/ tives in this canoe, who immediately roared out " ii,,' " nee," (which w.is their method of pronouncing Ur King's name), and laid they were friends, and had fpn, ' thing with them which belonged to Captain Cool; When thc7 came on board, they threw themlclvci « the feet of^our officers, and feenied to be extremely tfr rifled. It fortunately happened that neither of th™ was hurt, notwithllanding the balU of Ixith piccei |,^ gone through the canoe. One of thc'e was the pcrfoi, who has been already mentioned under the app«||j,m of the taboo man, who conllantly attended Captju, Cook with the particular ceremonies wc have k|j,( defcribtd; ,ind who, though a nianof dilliixflJon inthe illand, could fcarcely be prevented from pertormma f,i, him the mofi humiliating ofliccs of a menial ("crvjnt After bewailing, with many tcarj, the lofsot thcOrono he informed us that he had broiij^ht a pMt of his bod.' He then gave ui a fmall bundle w hich hr broujiht undff his arm; and it is impoflible to defcribc the hurror with which we were fcized, upon finding in it a piece ot hj. man fle(h of the weight of about tune or un poundi* This, he faid, was all that now remanKd 01 the b»i,! that the red had been cut in picics, and burnt; i^J that the head, and all the bonei, except thole whi('„t,{. longed to the trunk, were in the poUillinn ol iar ,0! boo and the other chiefij that what we faw hjil ba, allotted to Kaoo, the chief of the prufts, for thi pur^ it of botng ufcd in fome religious ceremony ; and tin; ic had fent it as a tefiiinony of his innocence, and 01 ;,4 attachment to us. We had now an op;x>rtunity ol Icirii. ing whether they were cannibals; and we did not nn-lri to avail ourfeives of it. We firlt endeavourr 1, |h ft. veral indirect quedions, put to each of 1 hem a ur: tJ gain information resiling the manner in «hich'tltt other bodies had been treated and difpoled ol; and find. ing them very cond.int in one account, that afi 1 1»:^ flclh had been cut otf, the whole ot it was burnt i «c« laft put the diredl quedion, whether they had 11 .t icJon fome of it; they immediately tcd.fkd a^ muni tumot at fuch an idea, as any European *ould have ilo.if ; .nj alked, whether that was the prav'lice among ui. i ho» afterwards alkedus, with great carncdnefs, and with « appearance of apprehenlion, when the Orono wrxild come again? and how he would treat them on hu re turn? the fame enquiry was often made in thefr^ud by others I and this idea is ronfidcnt with tlie gntnl tenour of their condue*) towards hiin, which in.hctid that they confidered him as a bein^ of a fuiie n.v ijjccitj. We pneired our two friendly vilitants to aimii'u;ns boa nit'!! the next morning,butwccould nut prevji.ipoo them. They infonncd us, that if this tranfacf ion IIvhi J come to the knowledge of the king, or any ot ilic otho Erccs, it might be attended with the moil tatal col,l^ r/ucnces to their whole fociety ; to prevent which, &.cj tad been under the neceflity of comug to us inthe dark; and the lame precaution, they laid, would hctt- quifke in returning to (hore. They further toM us, ttia the chiefs were eager to take revenge on us tur the death of their countrymen: and particularly caution; J \ni- gaind truding Koah, who, they alTurevt us, wasounra. placable enemy; and ardently longed (br an oppottunity of fighting lis, to which the blowing of the conchs thatwe had heard in the morning, was intended as a chiilcngt. It likewife appeared from the information of thcfemcn, that feventccn of their countrymen were flain in the M action, at the village of Kowrowa, five of whom wcrt chief; and that Kanecna and his brother, our particu- lar friends,.wcit of that number. Eight, they laid, iud lod their lives at the obfervatoryt three of whom like- wiicwereperfonsof thefird didinCtion. At eleven o'clock the two natives left us, and took the precamion 10 ddire that one of our guard-boats might attend them, till thn had pafled the Difcovery, led they (hould again b,- fired upon, which, by alarming their countrymen on Di ir(, might expofe them to the danger of dctectiun. Thn rcqucft was readily complied with, and we l->ad the la- tisfaAion 10 find, that they reached the land late and undifcovered. Puring the remainder of this mgut, «( heard COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCliAN, fee. >93 ■ccivcd, than both the ftn. riierc wcretwoofthcni! diatcly roared out " i|„] hod of pronouncing ^tr" :rc friends, and had ipm'. jnged to Captain Cool; :hcy threw themltlvci« mcd to be extremely t„. led th»t neither of thinl : balU of Ixith piccei |uj icof thcic wasthepcffoj led under the app«||a„o„ llantly attended Capt,u, ciiionies wc have bclotc , inaiiof dirtiixflionitithe ntedfromiJcrloiniinj^fii, ices of a menial fcrvin; rari.thclofsotthcOroflo ought a part of hii body' : which hfbroiijihtu:i,|„ )delLribe ilic honor w,;.^ lading in It apicccwhu'. bout nine or icn jxiandi. w remained or ihc bon! 1 pictcs, and liurntj i^J Ci, except thotc win, lint. ihcpolivdinn ot I'lrr 0. It what we faw hjil jx-,, hcprufts.forthi ^ut^,t( Jscereinon>; and thi.ic his innocence, andoi ;,4 ivanop;x>rtunityolbni. Is; and we did not ncglra firlt endeavotire I, bj f(. to each of I hem a:jr;,ti) he manner in nhichthe and difpoftdol; and find. ic account, that aft i i^x lole o(it wa« burnt i«c,t lethfrthcy hadnticJon ' tcll.fkd a. iiiurn tmuof rin *ouldhaveilo.;fi ,nj rai'^ice among uj. 1 hn t earncrtnefs. and with M when the Orono wnuld Jld treat them on hisrc- ften made in thefr^ud •nfincnt with the gncul rds him, which in.liatcd leinf^ofafuiienoi ipccia vilitants to C(imi:'u:nj wctoiild notprcvai.ijxm if thistranfactionllvuj king.or anyof ihcotho iih the molt fatal cal'.l^ ; to prevent which, t'lqr of com:iig to us intfit , they faid, would here. rhey further tnfd us, thu vengconuslorthidfith ticularly cautioned ui a- r affurevl us, wasounni. >ngcd for an opportunnf ingof thcconchs th^ttie intended as a challcngr. nformation of ihefemcn, nen wcreflaininthctiiH wa, five of whom wnt lis brother, our particu- n*. Eight, they laid, iud iryt three of whom likt- ndion. At eleven o'l lock , the precaution loddirt ;ht attend them, till thci ley (hould again he fired ir countr)men on lb irt, jcr of detection. THu rith, and we l;ad the !<• iched the land Intc and aindcrof thianigiif, «t hnrd l^rJ the fame loud lamentations, as in the preceding one. Eaf'y ^^' following morning, we received a vilit (rotiiKoah. Mr. King was piquedat finding, that not- withrtanding the moll glaring marks of treachery in his njyf^^and the pofitive declaration of our friends the ntidU, he Ihould lUll be fuffered to carry on the fame i!ircc,and to make us at Icall appear the dupes of his hy- iird and unpromilingj none of the purpofcs for which ((,1! pacific plan of proceedings had been adopted, hav- ing hitherto been in any refpedt promoted by it. No fatufaclory anfwer had been given to our demands; we did not feem to have made any progrcfs towards a re- conciliation with the natives ; they llill remained on the fiwrc in hoftile poftures, at if determined tooppofc any endeavours we might make to go alliorc ; and yet it was bc>:oine abfolutely nccefTary to attempt landing, as the cunipleiing our ftock of water would not admit of any lonwr delay. However, m jufticc to the conduift of cjptain Clerke, wc mull remark, that it was highly pii)b.ible, from the great numbers of the illanders, and tiom the refolution with which they feemed to cxpcci cur approach, that an attack could not have been made *iihuat danger; and that the lofs of even a very few mtii might have been fevcrel) felt by us, dining the re- mainder ot our voyage: whereas the delaying to put our nwnaccs into execution, though, on the one haiul, it ili- ininillicd their opinion of our valour, had the clH\k of occalioning them to difperfc on .he other. For this day, about 12 o'clock, upon finding that we peililted mour inactivity, great bodies of them, after blowing their tonchs.and ufingevety method of defiance, marched oH, o\tt the hills, ami never made tiuir appearance alter- MjrJi. Ihole, however, who remained, were not the lUsdanngand prefumptuons. One ot them had the inlblcnce to come within mufquet-lliot a-hiad ot the Uclolutton, and after, throwing feveral Hones at us, waved over his head the h.ti which had belonged to Dp:ai.T Cook, while his countrymen alliore were exult- ing and encouraging his audacity. Our people were highly enraged at tins infu'.t, and, coming in u tHxiy on the ^luarter.deck, begged they might no longer be o- blig'-d to put up with fuch reiterated provocations, and rquclted Mr. King to endeavour to obtain perm.llion I ir them, from Optain Clerke, to ta^c advantage ot the firll f»:r oc^afion of avenging the death of their much hintntcd Commander. On Mr. King's acquainting the .'ijvjm Mith wh4t was pairing, he ordered lome great ,,j 1 to be tired at the ;tlandeis on llu>re ; and pronnfed :i . i!f'.v, that, i! iiiey ihuuid be molelled at the water- l.^-pi'^vc, ihc- next ilay, they Ihould then be permitted .V ciullilc thcin. Before we could bring our guns to ■:iju, the natives had fufpected our intentions, liom the hjiTe :md agir.itMii they oblervtd in the fhip; and had :;!treJ bcliir.a their houfes and wa Is. We were con- iqiitntiy obliged to fire, in lome degree, at random; :i,.:',vith(laiiil:iig which, our lliot produced all the cf- ;;ca wc coi.ld delire: for, in a Ihort time afterwards, uc [KTCened Koah paddimg towards us, with the ^loticft hade; and when he arrived, we learned that lu i: t.Koplc had loll their lives, and among the rell ; ' i.iaiha, a principal Kree, nearly related to Ter- ^•. Not long alter Koalv'a arrival, two boys fwam 1 the Moral towards our veirels,each armed with • r,)eari and after they had approached pretty til' y began in a very foleinn manner to chant a ihc fubject of which, from their frequently mcn- ;; the word Orono, and pointing to the village Captain Cook had been llain, wc concluded to I .c late calamitous otcurrencc. Having lung for 1 quarter of an hour in a plaintive tlrain, during ch time they continued in the water, they rc- ^..i.l on board the Difcovcry, and delivered up their i,!el^; ind alter remaining there a fhort time, re- t.;i;!d on li.jre. We could never learn whofent them, 01 « Siat was the objed of this ceremony. During the nghr, ,ve took the ufual precautions for the fecunty of liK ihips; and, as foon as it was dark, the two natives, V. i-j) had vihted us the preceding evening, came off to IIS .ij^din. They aiTurcd us, that though the etfcifts of fiiir great guns this afternoon, had greatly atarmrd the chiefs, they had by no means relinquillied thwr hollilc intentions, and they advifed us to be on our p:iard. On Weilnerday,thc 17th, the b.),its of both Ihif • were difpatchcd alhore to procure water ; and the DiCtovery was warped clofe to the ticach, in order to protei't the perfons employed in that fervice. Wcfiion I'.mml that the intelligence which had been lent us by the priells, was not delfiture of foundation, and that the iliai.lers were determined tonegledl no opportunity ol annoying us, when it could be done without much hazard. The villages, throughout this whole ckifler of ifl inds, arc, fbr the moll part, lituated near the fea; and the adjacent ground is emlofed with (lone walls, of the height of about three feet. Thcfc, we at lii ft fuppofed, were de- figncd for the diviflon of property ; but wc now difco- vcred that they fervcd for a defence againft "nvafion, for which purpofp they were, perhaps, chiefly intended. They conliil of loofe ftones, and the natives are very dexterous in ftiifting them, with great quicknefs, to fuch partii ular lituations, as the diredion of the attack miy occafionally require. In the fides of the moun- tain that Hands near the bay, they have likewifc hole, or taves, of conliderable depth, whofe entrance is le- cured by a fence of a limilar kind. From behind both thefe nations, the illanders perpetually harralled our watering party with Hones; nor could the inconliderablc lorce we had on lliore, with the advantage of nuiltjuets, compel them to retreat. 1 hus oppolcd, our peojilc weic fo occupied in attending to their own fafcty, that, during the whole forenoon, they filled only one ton of water. It being therefore impolliblc for them toper- form this fervice, till their alFailants were driven to a greater dillance, the Oifcovety was ordered to dillodgc the enemy wiih her great guns ; which being accom- pliilied by means of a few dilcharges, the men landed without mnlcllation. The natives, however, made their appearance again foon afterwards, in their uliial mi thoJ of attack ; and it was now deemed abfolutely neceirrry t 1 burn down fume draggling huts, near the wall be- hind which they had Iheltcrcd themfclves. In executing the orders that were given for that piirpofe, our people were hurried into aCts of unncceHary devallation and cruelty. Some allowance ought certainly to be made for their refentment of the repeated infults, and contemptu- ous behaviour of the illanders, and for their natural de- lire of revenging the death of their beloved and re- fpecled Commander. But, at the fame time, their con- dutl llrongly evinced, that the greateft precaution is re- quilitc in trulling, even for a moment, the difcretionary ufe of arms in the hands of private foldicrs, or feamen, on fuch occalions. The ftrictnefs of dilcipline, and the habits of obedience, by which their force is kept di- recled to fuitablc objeCls, lead them to conceive, thr: whenever they have the power, they have likewife a right to perform. Actual dilbbedicnce being almofl the only crime for which they expert to receive punilh- ment, they are apt to confider it as the fole meafure of right and wrong ; and hence they are too ready to con- clude, that what they can do with impunity, they may alio do confillently with honour and jullicc ; fo that the feelings of humanity, and that generolity towards an un- refitling enemy, which, at other times, is a llriking diflinClion of brave men, become but feeble rellrainis to the exercife of violence, when fet in oppofition to the defire they naturally have of lliewing their own power and independence. We have before obferved, that dircdlions had been given to burn only a few draggling houfes, which af- forded fhelter to the illanders. Wc were therefore greatly furprized on perceiving the whole village in Hames ; anu before a boat, that was fenr to flop the progreis of the mifchief, could rcacli the land, the ha- bitations of our old and conilant friends, the priclls, were all on fire. Mr. King had, therefore, great rcafon to lament the illnefs that confined him on board this day. The priells had always been under his protedion t anil, unfortunately, the ofliccrs then on duty having feU dom bren on Ihore at the Moral, were but little ac- quainted with the circuniftanccs ot the place. Had he 7 L been rf. i>; t'Ui 'i'tii wm I'^r4j,^> 594 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Nielli ilril^;.. |||,, ^ H -1 ■ ■ J I St'-'-'-' i T been prercnt himfelf, he might, in all probability, have bfcn the means of preferving their little focicty from deii: ii*ion. In tfcaping from the Hamcs, fcvr-al of the inhahiiincs were Ihot; and ri''' people cut bit" the heads of two of them, and ' .ought them on boarl. The fate of one unhappy native was much lamerued by all of us. As he was repairing tc« the well for water, he- was fliot at by one of the marmes. The bail happened to ftrike his calibafli, which he inflantly threw from him, and ran off. He was purfacd into one of the caves above-mentioned, and no lion could have dc- .'•rndcd his den with greater bravery and fierccntfs ; till at length, after he had found means to keep two of our people at bay for a co tliderabie time, he expired, co- vered with wounds. This accide.it firll Liought us acquainted "ith the ufc to which thcf-: caverns are ap- pli .d. AbouL this time a man, advanced in years, was taken prifoner, bound, :\nd conveyed on board the Re- foluiion, in th'; fame boat, with the heads of his two country men. We never obfcrved horror fo (Iroiigly por- trayed, as in the face of this perfon, nor fo violent a tranfuion to immoderate joy, as when he was untied, and given t j underftand, that he might depart in falcf;. . He Ihewet'. us that he was not dclkicnt in gratitude, as he not only often returned afterwards with prcfcnts of provifions, but alfo did us other fcrvices. Soon after the dcrtruction of the village, we faw, coming down the hill, a man, accompanied by fifteen or twenty boys, who held in their hands pieces of white cloth, plantains, green boughs, ficc. It happened that this pacific embalFy, as foon as ti.;y weic within reach, received the fire of a party of our men. This, however, did not deter them from continuing their procefTion, and the officer on duty came up, in time, to prevent a fecond difcharge. As they made a nearer approach, tht" principal perfon proved to be our friend Kaireekeea, who had fled when our people firll fct lire to the vil- lage, and hid now returned, and exprclicd hisdclire of being fent on board the Relolution. On his arrival we found him extremely thoughtful and grave. We en- deavoured to convince him ot the nei cllity there was of fctting fire to the village, by which his houfe, and thofe of his brethren were unintentionally ilellroyed. He exjwftulaud with us on our ingratitude and want of fricndlliipi ^tid, indeed, it was not till the prefent mo- ment, that *<• knew the whole extent of rhc injury that had been doiif rhein. He inlorincd us, that, confiding in the promifes N'r. King had made them, and as well as in the alllirimcs they hid received from the men, who had brought ui fornc of Oaptain Cook < feniains. they had not removed tlu ir ctfccis ba' k into the coun- try, :ii the other inhabitants had done, but had put every valuable arti' leof their own, as well as what ifity had colicvted Jioiii us, into a houfe ad('»ining to the moral, where they had the mortifiranon to fee ;r ^tli ki on fire by our people. He had, on > xining on l>oard, per- ceived the hcadi of Ins two tuuiiiif men lying on deck, at whirh he was greatly Oiockcd, an I earncltly dclired that (hey might be thrown over-board. Thu rojueft, by the dirertioiii of C-iptain Gierke, was immc(l>4rely complied iih In the evening our watering pariy re turned on bond, having fullained no farther interrup- tion. We p.ifled a dilagreeable night; the cries and Umentatioiis we heard from the fhore being far innrc dreadful than ever. Our only confolation on this u> cation, arofc from the hopes that a repetition of finh fcvcrities might not bercijuifite in future. It is f«mc- whai remarkable, that, ainidfl all thefe dirturbances, the female natives, who were on board, did not ofli-r to leave ui, or difcover any apprehenfions cithei for thcnifcivcs or their friends on fhorc. They apjKarcd, indeed, fo perfectly unconcerned, that fome of them, who v/cre on deck when the village was in flame;, feemcd toadtiiirc the fpeCtacle, and frequently exclaim- ed, that it was maitai, or very fine. OiiThurfday, the i8th, in the morning, the treache- rous Kojii laipe (jfi to the lli.j s, as ufual. There being no longer any ncceiruy (or keeping terms with him, Mr. Kiiii! was allowed to treat hiiii as he thought proper. VVIiuji he approached the file of the Relolution, ting- ing a fong, and offering a hog, and fome plantains, to Mr. King, the latter ordered him to keep off, and qu. tioned him never to make his appearance again ujih. out the bones of Captain Cook, left his life Inould pa» the forfeit of his repeated breach of faith. He did not appear much mortified with this unwelcome reception but immediately returned on Ihorc, and joined a partv of his countrymen, who were throwing ftoncs at oi r watcrers. The body of the young man, who had been killed the preceding day, wis found this niornmgluim at the entrance of the cave ; and a mat was thrown over him by Ibme of our people ; ftwn after whichthtv faw fcveral of the natives carrying him off on their Ihoulders, and could hear them chanting, as il;c- marched, a mournful fong. At length the illandprs be'. ing convinced that it was not the want of ability lo chaltize them, which had induced us at flrdtotol'. rate their provocations, dctifted from molclling our people I and, towards the evening, a chief, named Eappo, who had feldom vilitcd us, but whom wc knew to be 3 man of the firft diflin^ion, came with prclen'j from Terreeoboo to fiie lor peace. Thefe -ircfcnts were accepted, and the chief was difinifled wirh the follow. ing anfwer; That no [leace would be gr.inted, till the remains of ('aptain Cook fliovild be rellored. From Eap()o we undertlood that the Helh ot .ill ih.- Ii.in-,,^ our people who had been Hain, as well as the fio::.. jf the trunks, h.ul been burnt; th.it rlie limb-boiKs of the m.iri lies had been diflributed among the infcriot chiefs; and that the remains of Captain Cook h,id been difpofed of as follows: the head to a great Krce, ciileJ Kahooopeou ; the hair to Maiha-maiha; ..nd the arnii legs, and thighs, to Terreeoboo. After it was il^rk many of the natives came oli' with various forts nf vr! gctablcs; and we alfo received from Kaireekcfa lu large prcfents of the fame articles. On the 19th we were principally employed in fend. ing and receiving the niellages that p.illcd h-u:n Captam Clerke and the old king. Eappo was vcr\ ir. gent, that one of our oHicerj Ihould go on Ihorc ; iM offered n, remain on board, in the mean time, at i,i hoftage. This requeft, however, was not complied with ; and he left us with a promife of bringing tht bones the following day. Our watering party, ac the beach, did not meet with the leaft oppotition from the ilhiiders; who. notwuhflanding our cautious bchavinur, again ventured thcmfelves among us without an\ mark) of diffidence or appiehenfion. On Saturday die 2^{h, early in the morning, we had the fatisfad ion ofgettinr the forr-malf Hepped. This operation was attended with conlidcrable difficulty, and Ibme danger, our ropei being fo extremely rotten, that the purchafc fcvcril times gave way. Between the hours of ten and eleven, we law a numrrcts body of the natives del'ccnJinphc lull, which is ,)\cr the beach, in a fort of prmeilwn, each man cinyi.ng on his fhouldcrs two or three fu^ar- ranes, and (omc biead-fiuit, plantains, and uro, m III* hand. They were preceded by two druinmei!, who, when they reached the water-fide, fcated thnn. felves by a white flag, rtud began beating their drums, while thole who had ftilluwed them, advatvrd, oncby one, and dcpolited (he prcfents they had bfi.iight uith ihem; after which thry retired in the fame order. Soon afterwards I'.apjx) ap|Kared in his long feathered cloik, bearing fbmething with great folemnity in his hamii; and having llationed himltif on a rock, he madcligni that a lxia( flioijld be fcnt him. Captain Clerke, fup- |M)ling (hit (he chief had brought the bones of our iaic CommiKlore (whii h, indeed, proved to be the cafe), wcm himlelf in ihr pinnace to rereive them, and or- dered N'r. King ru attend him in the cutter. When they arrived ai the beach, Kappo, entering the pinnacf, dclivcretl the bones to C.iptain Clerke, wrapped ii|)iii a great quintity of tine new cloth, and covered wiiln fpotted clo.ik of black and white feathers. Ik alict- waids attended our gentlemen to the Kctoludun, bu; could not be prevailed on to accompany thesnon boardi being, perhaps, fiom a lenfe of decency, unwilling!' be prclcnt at t lie opening of the parcel. In thu »t found both ihc hands of Captain Cook cmifc, whuh £ T E. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, he. 595 ig, and fomc ptantains, to him to keep otf, and ran. 3 appearance again with. jk, left his lile IhouM pa, :ach of faith. He did not his unwelconu- reception Ihorc, and joined a pan,' c throwing ftoncs at oi'r oiing man, who had bcti, s (blind this tnorning I) iim J and a mat was thru»n 3lc; foon after which they arrying him off on thtir them chanting, as ,!;:■. ^t length the illandfrs br' lot the want of ability ;, iduced us at firfl to tolc. i»lcd from molcfting our evening, a chief, naiwd .d us, but whom we knew i^ion, came with prcfcmi cacc. Thefc ■^Tckt\u were fifmitled with the follov. ,vould bcgrintcd, tillthc lOiild be rclhired. Froni le flclh ol .ill ili.-l),Mr-.i,f in, as well as the bo:;- of ; that rl)c hmb-boiKi of butcd among the infoiot of Captain Look had been cad to a great Kn-r, calicJ iha-maiha; „nd the arms hoo. After it waj Jjri,| " with \ annus forts cf vf! 'cd from Kaireckcra iio tides. :ipally rinpiove J m fcn^. ages that palled b.-tarrn ing. Fjppo was vcr\ nr. fhould go on Ihore -, in,1 in the mean time, as i,i vevcr, waj not complied promife of bringing the >ur watering party, at iht lead oppolition from the ng our cautious behaviour, long us without any nurki On Saturday the joih, he fatufadion of getting itperation was attended nd Ibmc danger, our ropcj hat the putchafc fcvcnl ic hours of ten and eleven, he natives del'ccnJinp; he I, in a fort of prtKeifi/n, uldcri two or three fu^iir. , plantiini, and tiro, m edcd by two druinnicis, watcr-fide, feated thmi- g.in beating their drunu, I them, advan'fd, oneby ts ihry had bii.ught with I in the fame order. Soon his long feathered cIcmL, t fulemniry in his handi; on a rock, he made figni n. L'aptain Gierke, fup- ight the bones of our late proved to be the cafe), trf receive them, and nr- m in the cuiitr. When >po, entering the pinna^f, II Gierke, wrapped upiii loth, and covered wuhj vhitc feathers. He ati"- n to the Rcfolution, hui company them on boirJi of decency, unwilling!') the parcel. In thii *( nun Cook entire, uhah w{fe were well known to us from a fear on one of them, that divided the forc-fingci from the thumb, the whole length of the metacarpal bonci the fkull, but with the fcalp feparated from it, and the bones of th j face want- ing; thcfcalp, with the cars adhering to it, and the hair upon it cut lliort ; the bones of both the arms, with the fliiii of the fore-arms hanging to them ; the bones of the thighs and legs joined together, but without the j(et. The ligaments of the joints wercobferved to be entire ; and the whole (hewed (ulhcient marks of hav- int! been in the fire, except the hands, which had the fldh remaining upon them, and were cut in fcvcral Dlacc«, and crammed with fait, mofl probably with a view of prcferving them. The ikull was free (rom any fra.'lure, but the ("calp had a cut in the back part of it. The lower javv and feet, which were wanting, had been IcizcJ, ■>» l:^ppo informed us, by diHerent iirces ; and he alio told us, that 'Icnecoboo was uftiig every means to recover them. The next morning, being the aift of February, Fippo, ami the king's fon, came on board, and brought Miiii ibfTi '1'" ""'y ''■'c rcm.iiniiig boiici of Capi.iin C'uo!^, but likcwil'c the barrels of his gun, his flioes, and fome other trifles which had belonged to him. Kappo alFured us, that Terrceoboo, Maiha-maiha, and himfelf were extremely defirous of peace ; that they had given us the mod convincing proofs of it ; and that they had been prevented from giving it fooner by the other chiefs, many of whom were (till difatfedtcd to us. He lamented, with the moft lively f'orrow, the death of fix chiefs, who had been killed by our people ; fome of whom, he faid, were among our bcff friends. He informed us, that the cutter had been taken away by Pareea's people, probably in revenge for the blow that he had nceived ; and that it had been broken up the fol- lowing d, y. The arm.s of the marines, which \vc had alio demanded, had been carried off, he faid, by the po- pulace and were irrecoverable. Nothing now remained, but to perform the laft (o- lemn olTices to our excellent Commander. Enppo was difmifTed with orders to taboo all the bay ; and, in the afternoon, his remains having been dcpolitcd in a cotlin, the funeral fcrvicc was read over them, and they were Lommtted to the deep with the ufual military honour.. (.)ur feelings, on this mournful occafion, arc more eafy to be conceived than exprcired. C H A P. XVI. Jb( T-:'-oo !diJ on the b.iy t.tkcii off, ,tiid llu-JlipifiirrounJed tviib canoes — Order i for the Refolution and Di/ccrvery to be uii' ,f,'/r(J — Ihey wr/t;/' tincbor .f:J /.;(<• ibar dipariure frun Karaktik'joa hay — Sail inquefi of a barl/our on the fouth-eajl (ik of Minvtc—Drrjcn to lee~unrd hy the eurenU, and ilrong enjierly ivinds—Pafs Tohoorviva — Soulb-wejl Jide of Mo- t;w dfcrihrd— Proceed to Wodh-.i — //f tr.rtb ciafi Mfcnbed—'Difappihitcd in allempting to 'xaler — Sail lo Atoot ,- and cncbirii IFynn.i t>jy — 'Th,- natrjet ncit fn friend'y a • before — Their infoleiice in demanding u batcbet for rjery cajk of water —frcjt our pc'ple rtith contempt — Steal IJnitmant King's hanger — Tbetr infolence at the water Jide — Are jired at by f.f) immnes — One of tbern wounded— .I vftf-.m the contending Chiefs— The fbip' anchor offOnceberjo — Their depart tmt—.i corrc.'', copious, and complete account of Sandwich (/lands — /■. ' y ixbyoet ,ihe largejl of the whole group — lis JiJlriSts, coa.Hs, adjacent ccuntrv, Uc. defcrihed — An account of feverat ether ijlands — A particuhr and full account of ibe inhabitants of .S'anduich IjlanJs — Diiijion of the people into three clajfes — Geiealogicat account of the kings of Owh\~ lye and Mnvee — Authority of/he Frees— Tyranny rf Pareea e\i re fed on an inferior chief — in account of tl.'eir religion— then I'iciety of priefts — Ihcir ideas of a future jlate — 4 particular defcription of the word Tal/tjO—-A remarkable :rflance cfjeiliiify— Funeral ceremonies at the death of an old Chief, isc. i^c. (Jc. ON th: aand of February, 1779, during fhcmorn- ini;, not a canoe eamc near the bay, the tabix), which l-.4'pard, «xpr(lling their giie( at uhithad haiiprned, and , which bend- ing a great way inward, formed a capacious bay. The wclhrnmoll point, otf which the fhoal runs that wc have lull now mentioned, is rendered remarkable by a fmall hillock i S. of which is a tine fandy bay ; and on the (bore, are fcveral huts, with plenty of cocoa-trees about them. In the courfe of the day fcvcral of the native* vilited us, and brought provitions with them. Wc pre- I'ently difiovcred, that they had heard ot our unlbrtu- natc ditatfcrs at Owhyhec. They were extremely anx- ious 10 be informed of the piniculars, from a woman who had hid herfelf in the Refolution, in order to ob- tain a pallagc to Atooi , making particular etiquiric3 about Parcel, and fume athcr chiefs; and fccming much agitated ■I' " 'mmm I :., Jlfo'f :.lj f /J H _ W "4i ?'"M.^ I ;W tUi •^' 596 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. m I H •«..,,'- agitated at the death of Kaneena, and his brother. But, in whatever light this bufinefs might have been feprefenu .' Uy the woman, it produced no bad cffed in their behaviour, whith was civil and obliging to an ex- Crcmc* On Thurfday, the 25 th, in the morning, the wind be- ing at E. we ftccred along the S. lidc of Ranai, till al- moft noon, when we had baffling Wmds and calms till the evening; after which, we had a light caftcrly breeze, and ftcercd for the W. of Morotoi. The current, whirh had fet from the N. K. ever fincc we left Kara- kakooa bay, changed its direction, in the courfc of this day, lothcS.E. The wind was again variable during the night ; but, early in the morning of the 16th, it fet- tled ai £. blowing fo frcfh, as to oblige us to double- Bcef thr :ap-fails. At (even, we opened a final I bay, difbnt *bout two leagues, having a fine fandy beach s but not perceiving any appearance of frclh water, wc endeavoured to get to the windward ot VVoahoo, an ifland whirh wr had Ckti in January, i --8. Wc faw the land abwut two in -Me afternoor bearing W. h) N. at thediftance of abotr <-.<^i leagues. Wc tarkcd, as foon as ir »asdark, a-td jgain bore away at day-lighi on the 27Th. Between fr and eleven, wc wcu- alwut a league olf -he lliorc, and -xm the middle of tl»e N. E. fide of the ifl.md. The coaft to the norr'nwaRt f onfif^s of detached nills, af< r-Jing perpend icuur^v ifim, the ifa ; the tides being covered with wovkI, and :he vallies, between them, a|)- pcaring to be fertile, and well cultivated. An exteii- five bay was obfervabie to the fouthward, Ixjundcd, to the S. £. by a low point of land, covered w ith coto^ nut trees ; otf which, di\ inlulutcd rock appeared, a' the diftancc ol a nulc Uom the ftiore. The wind con- tinuing to blow fielh, we wcic unwiUinjj to entangle eurfelvf s with a icc-llwrc. Imlead oi attempting, tnerc- fore, to examine the ba,, wc hauled up, and Iterrccl in the diredion of :hc coaii. At noon, we were about two leagues from the il'jnd, and a-brcaft ot the N. un.iit of 1;. It is ivw and tiat, having a reef rtretihing otlalinort a mile and an half. Bciwecn the N. point, and a head-land to the S. W. the land tiends inuatil, and fcenied Xo promifc a gixxJ road. Wc therefore ftcercd along the (hoie, at about a mile diftance. At two, wc were induced, by the fight of a line river, to anchor in thirteen fathoms water. In the afternoon, Mr. King attended the two (Japtainii on fliorc, where few of the natives were to be lecn, and thofc princi- pally women. Ihe men, we were tnlormeJ, weie gone to Morotoi, to fight Tahytcrrcc; but their chief, Vcr- rceoranec, remained l)ehind, and would certainly .Kteiid us, as foon as he was informed of our arrival, lu our great difap(x>ii)tment, the water had a brackifli tatle, lor about two hundred yard:, up the river; beyond which, however, it was perfectly frcrti, and was a de- lightful f^rcam. Farther up, we came to the conllux of two fmall rivulets, brant lung otf to the right and left of a Hcep romantic iiKiuntain. The banji^ oi the ri- ver, and a!l that wc faw of Woahoo, arc in fine culii- Mtion, and full of villages » the face of the country be- ing alfo remarkably bcautifijl and picturclque. It would have Ixen a laborious butincis to have watctcd at thii. place, Mr. King was therefore difpatchcd to (can h about the coall to leeward i but, being unable to land, on account of a reef of coral, which extended along the fhore. Captain Clcrke refolved to proceed immedi- ately to Atooi. In the nwrning, about eight, we weighed and (^ood to the north; and, on Sunday, the 28th, at day light, we lx)rc away for that iflaiid, and were in (ighi ol It by noon. We were otV its callcrn < mttiniiy, which is a green ii.it point, about fiin-fet. As it was dark, wc did not \eiuure to tun tor the road on the '>. W. fide, but fpent the night in plying on and otf, and anchored, at nine the next morning, being Monday the i(t of .March, in j 5 fathoms water. In running down, from tl.v S. I., point ot the iflaiid, we faw, n, many places, the apfjcaraiuc of llioal water, at (onir diftancc from the land. Bting anchored in our old ilatiji), fcvcra! canoes came c.> vilit us; but it wak very obiet^ihlf, that there ^'>as i;ut that appearance oi cur J diality in their manner, and complacency in their countenances, as when we faw them before. They had no fooncr got on board, but one of them informed us that wc had communicated a diforder to the woincn' which had killed many perlons of both fexes. ilc^J that time was alHidted with the venereal dileafc, and minutely defcribcd the various fymptoms which haj attended it. As no appearance of that diforder had been obfervcd amongit tlvem, on our iirff arrival, «e were, it is to be feaied, the authors ot this irrcparajjij milchief. What we had principally in view, atthu place, was to water the ihips with as much expcdiucT as poillble, and Mr. King was lent on flicre m the at'. ternoon, with the launch and pinnace, laden with tallu" He was accompanied by the gunner ot the Relblunon* who was inftriiit i to trade for tome provtlioiis; JinJ they were attended by a guard ot live marines. Mi:- . tudes of people were collected upon the beach, by ivh ^ at firft, we were kindly rueived; but, alter wc Juj landed the cilks, they began to be exceedingly tr, ublc- foine. Knowing from expeiicnce, how dilhcult a tiik It was to reprcis this dilpolition, without the intcrxji. tion ol their chiefs, we were lorry to be informed, ih't they were all at a dillant part ol the illand. indeed, wc both felt and lamented the want of ihcir a;rilUncc;\t we could hardly form a circle, as our practice eluj ", was, lor the falety and convenience of the trading pani No looner had we taken this iV-p, and polled iiutinii to keep otf the populace, than a man took hold u\ the bayonet belonging ij one of the i'olJier's nj! quets, and endeavoured to wrench it forcibly |io:nh;J hand. Mr. King immediately advanced towara them, when the native ijuitted liis hold, and rciirto- but iminediaiely returned, having a fpear in oncha.-j' and a dagger in the other; and it wat with ditiu^^^j;.' that hii ciuntrymen 'x/uld rcArain hnii liom en a^.,,' with the Cuidier. This atlray was occaliontd hy Ihcsu- lives having received, from the loldier, a lliglit una with hii bayonet, to induce him to keep without t.'ie luie. At tfeis time, our lituatioii revjuired gicjt an. lugeincpt and circumfpcction ; Mr. King accotdmi!!* enjoined, that no one lliould prelume to lite, or ptocccd to any other act of violence, v. I'.hout politivr coinmani. Having given thcfe inlhuctions, he was Uiuiniootdui the aflilbncc of the watei ing party, where he luund the natives in the fame inifchicvousdirpilitioii. Thevhad peremptorily demanded, lor every cafk ot water, ilir* (latchet ; which not being complied w.'h, they would not pernnit ttv« failors to roll them to the boats.' Wfeca Mr. King had joined iluiii. otic ol the lutiva ap. proachcd him, with great mlolcnce, and made thcijK demand. .Mt. King told him, that as t Inciid, hcvu wcliome to a liatthct, but he certainly would cju, .li the water, wiiluni' paying for it ; and mllamly ordnej the pinnace men to proceed j at the fairc timccalliu for three nurincj, from the trading party, to proua them. This Ijccoming fpirit fo far lucctedcd, jito prevent any daring attempt to interrupt us ; i>ui ihcj ihll pcrfevercd in the moll tcaling and inliiliingbciii. viour. Some of them, under pretence of aliilting tut failors, in rolling the caiki towards the fhore, jjavc mtm a dirtercnt direction ; others Hole the hats fruinoH uui people'* heads, piille J them backward by the Ikiraoif their ( lothcs, and trippi d up their hccl< ; the popula^r, duruig all thii time, Ihuuting and laughing, Muhamt' rurc of mockery and malice. They attcrwardi tooku ouportunity of l^eahng the cooper's Diuket, and loui- bly I'lok away his hjjf. J heir principal aim, howiMf, ' nu lyjtg. fllClIlK-i .'<« was to polUr, fliciiiCi .' temp's to Ibrcf :hcm from their hands. 1 houjjh (iuy, in geiit'al/ prefcrvtd j kind ol deference and al|i:clt for Mr. K-iny;, yet thry obliged him to (.ontribai. nu Uiare towardi iliri/ I'')- k of pluiuler. One ut iIkib approached him, in a fa'otliar luaiiiur, aiiij diverudlu aticn'.iuii,whilftaiwthcrrei'/ed his haOgcr, Mhichhchrii careleUl/ in his hand, and ran away with it. .Sa;hp. folcncc was not :o lit /rplkd t;y force, riudeiictiiit. tated that wc niujl pjEjcfttly tul>iMit to it ; at u^^c lanit limr, guarding agamft lu cll'cifts as will uwc^rc ■f; COOK'S THIRD ami LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 597 M^lfri? able- Mr. King was, however, fomcwhat alarmed, on beinii foon after informed by the ferjeant ot marines, that turning fuddenly round, he faw a man behind iiiiti', armed with a dagger, in the pofition of ftriking. Though he might, perhaps, be milbken, in this parti- cular, our fituation was truly critical and alarming ; and thefrnalled error or millake, on our part, might have been of fatal confeqixnces. Our people being fcparatcd into three fmall parties; one filling ca'l^s at the lake; another rolling them to the fliore; and a third purchaling provifions; Mr. King had (omt intentions of collcchng them together, in order to protect the performance of one duty at a time. But onuuc reflexion, he thought it moreadvifcable to let them proceed as they had begun. It a real attack had been made, even our whole force could have made but a poor rclillancc. He thought, on the other hand, thatfuch a ftep might operate to our difadvantagc, as bcmt: a" evident token of our fears. Brlides, in the nrcfcnt cafe, the crowd was kept divided, and many of them wholly occupied in bartering. Perhaps the prm- dpai caufe of their not attacking us was, tlieir dread ot the effects of our arms; and, ai we appeared to nlice lo much confidence in this advantage, as to op- oofc only five marines 10 fuch a multitude of people, their ideas of our fupcriority mull have been greatly txaitcd. It was our budncls to chcrilh this opinion; jnd It mull ever be acknowleiigcd, to the honour of (he whole party, that it was impolliblc for any men to bth.ivc better, in order to llrongthen theleimpicirKins. Whatever could be conlidtred as a jell, they received with patience and good-nature j bur, if they were m- trruutcd by any fenous attempt, they (ipjxifcd it wirh rdolute looks and menaces. At length, we f.i t.ir fuc- Cfcded, as to get all our calks to the lla-lide, without jnv accident of confequence : but, while our pi0|)le wco- fjitting the calks into the launch, ihe inli ibitants, ihmking they Ihould have no farihcr »i|ipinttiiiity of pl'.indermj;, grew more daring and inloleiu. The fer- ica;U or marines U^kily fuggetkd to Mr. K;ng. the ad- viiiiagc offending olT his party ("nil into ihc boats, by which means the mufqucts would be taken out of their rcaih; which, as above related, were the grand nbjeOh the ilUndcfs had in view: and, if they Ihoukl happen to attack us, the marines lould more eff'eClu.illy de- tind us than if they were on fliore. Kviry thing w:n V)*' in (he boats, and only Mr. King, Mr. Anderfon, (r gunner, and .-*. feaman of the boat's crcu, remained Oil I ho re. The pinnace laying bcvond thr hirl, which «c were under .- necelFity of fwimming tlirough, Mr. Kinn otdcrcil the other two to make the bell of thrir w.n to it,.inil told them he would tullinv then. They !»th rcfufed to comply with this ordci, and it became a matter of contell, who Ihould be the lall on Ihorc. S»)mrha(ty exprellion, it feem», Mr. King had jutl Ix-- fore made ule of to the failor, which he confuleied as aretiecbonon hi» courage, and excited Ins refentiiictit ; and [he eld gunner, at a point of hoivnir was now llartcd, conci-ived it to be his tuty to t.ikc a part in it. In this whimlical lituation, they, perhaps, might have lonn remained, had not the difputc been fettled by the ll.incj, Mhich began to fly plentifully about us, and by t!k' cxclauutionsof the people from th*- iwati. begging ih M be expcditiou.*, as the natives w*-*' armed with cmbsandfpears, and purfuing us into ttx "Mct, Mr. Kirii; arrived liil\ at the pinnace, and, (Krcciving Mr. Andcrlon was fo lar behind, as not to be entirely ow' of daii(;cr, he ordered one mufquct to be fired; bii', in tf.c hurry of executing his orders, the marines lircd two. The natives imt.xrdutcly ran away, ir.iving only one .nan and woman 011 the beach. The man attemptei) to iilel'cveral times, but was not able, having been wounded m the gioiii. The iflandcrs, in a fliort time, returned ; and, lurrounding the wounded man, brandilhcd thcr fpears at us, wiih an »!/ of defiance ; but, by the time wc naihed the itupi, fomc pcrfoni arriva' which we luppokd to b • ihf chiefij, by whom they *eic Ul driven Jium the llinre, During our ablcnce Captain Ckrkx I^Jd been undir lerriblc .apprehcniions tor our (afety ; whii-hhid been ctmlu'embly inci'calcd hy his inifuiidcr- ««• 7J. (landing fomc of the natives, with whom he had con- vcrfc'd on board. The name of Captain Cook being frequently mentioneJ, accompanied with circumftantial dcfcriptionsot his death and dcflrudion, he concluded, that they had received intelligence of the unfortunate events at Owhyhee, to which they alluded. But they were only endeavouring to make him undcrfland, what wars had arifen on account of the goats, which Cap- tain Cook had left at Onceheow, and that the poor goats had been flaughtered, during the contcft for the property of them. Captain Clerkc, applying thefc Ihocking reprefentations to our misfoiiunc? at Owhy- hee, and to anindicationof revenge, fixed his telefcopc upon us the whole time; and, as foon as he faw the fim)kc of the mufquets, ordered the boats to be put off to our alfillance. On Tuefday, the 2d of March, in the morning, Mr. King was again ordered on (bore, with the watering party. As we had (b narrowly elcaped the preceding day. Captain Clerkc^augmented our force from both Ihips, and wc had a guard of forty men under arms. This precaution, however, was found to be unntcefTaryj for the beach was left entirely to ourfoK'es, and the ground, extending from the landing-place to the lake, tabooed. Hence we concluded, that fomc of the chi^-fs had vilited this quarter; who, being unable to Ifay, had c oiilidcratciy taken this ftep, that wc migiu be accom- modated with falety. Several men appeared with fpcars and dngi;crs, on the other (ide (>."the ruer, but nevcf attempted to nioieft us. Their women came over, and feated themlelvis clofe by u', on the bank?; and about the middle of the day,foine of the men ucre prevailed on to bring us hogs and roots, and alio to drefs them 'or us. when wc h.id left the beach, they came down '.o the f<*a-ride, and one of them had the aud.iciry to throw I Hone ar us; but, as his conduct was highly cenfurcd by the reft, we did notexprcfs any kind of lelcntmcnt. On the 3d, we completed our watering, without much difficulty; and, on returning to the Hups, \vc were in- formed that feverai chiefs had been on board, and had apologized for the conduft of their countrymen, attri- Ixiting their riotous behaviour to the ijuarrels then (ub- fifting among the prii 'ual people 01' the illand, and which had deftroyed a. )rdiraiid fubordination. At this time the government of.Xtooi was dilpiited between Toneoneo, who had the fupreme power when wc were there the preceding year, and a youth named Teavcc. By different fathers, they are both the gr.mdfons of Pcrecorannee, king of Woahoo; who gave Atooi to the former, and Oneeheow to the latter. J'hc quarrel originated about thego.ns which we had left at Onee- heow the year before; they being claimed by Toneo- nco, as thnt illand was a dependency ot his. The ad- herents of Teavee infilling on the right of pofTelfion, both parties prepared to fupport thtir pretenlions, anti a battle cnfued |ul> before our arrival, wherein Toneo- neo had been defeated. Toneonco was likely to bc- lome morealfeted by the confequcnce of this viClory, than by the lofs of the objcfts in difputc; for the mo- ther of Teavee having inarried a fecond hulband, who was not only a chief at Atooi, but alfo at the head of a powerful ladion there, he thought of cmbr.icing the prcfent opportunity of driving Tonconeo out of the illand, that hi.s fon-inlaw nii^ht fuccced tothcgovcrn- menc. The goats, whi< > '.td increafed to lix, arid would probably have llo-Kcd thefc illaiids in a few years, were dcftroycd in tlus contcll. Thuffday, the 4Ch, we were vifited, on board the Kefoluiion, by the orning, the fhip had driven a whole cable'i length, both anchors being almoll brought a-head; in which fituation we were obliged to continue, this and the two following days. On Friday, the 1 2th, the weather being more moJc- rate, the Mailer was difpatched to the N. W. lide of the idand, in fearch of a more commodious place tor an- choring. In the evening he returned, having found a fine bay, with good anchorage, in 18 fathoms water. The points of the bay were in the direction of N. by E. and S. by W. A linall village was fituated on the N. lide of the bay, to the eaftward of which were four wells of good water. Mr. Bligh went far enough to the N. to convince himfelfthat Orcehoua, and Oneeheow, were two fcparate illands. Being now on the point of taking our final leave of th: Sandwich Idands, it may be pro- per to give here a general and correifl account of their fituation, and natural hiftory, as well as of the cuftoms and manners of the natives; which will fervc as a kind of fupplemcnt to a former dcfcription, the refult of our firft vifit to thefe iflands. This group is compofed of 1 1 iflands, extending in long, from 1 99 deg. j6 min. to 205 deg. 6 min. K. and in lat. from 18 deg. 54 min. to a a deg. ij min. N Their names,accoi^ing to the natives, arc, i.Owh\hoe, t. Atooi, Atowi, or Towi; which is alfo fomrtimei called Kowi. 3. Woahoo, orOahoo. 4. Mowec. 5. Moroto , or Morokoi. 6. Orcehoua, or Rechoua. 7 Morotinnee, or Morokinnc. 8. Tahoora. 9. Ilatui. or Oranai. 10. Oneeheow, or Neheeow. ii.Kahow rowec, or Tahoorowa. Thefe are all inhabited, cxccpi Tahoora and Morotinnee. Bcfidcs thofe we have enu- merated, we heard of another illand named Modoo-pa- papa, or Kornodnn-papana, fituated to the W.S. W. of TahuoMi II IS low ind landy, and is vifited folcly for thepuipolcof catcKjng turtle and water-fowl. Aswc coiild never learn that the native* had knowledge of any other illiiids, it in moil probable that no others cxill in their ncii^hbuurhood. Captain Cook had diflingiiifhcd this duller of illand* by the name ot the Sandwich Iflands, in honour of the Earl of Sandwich, then firft Lord of the Admiralty, under whofc adminiflration he had enriched Geography with fo many valuable difco, veries; a tribute jullly due to that nobleman, for the encouragement and flipport which thefe voyages de- rived from his power, and for the zealous cagcrncfs with which he fecondcd the views of our illurtrious na- vigator. The moft caflerly of thefe iflands, called Owhyhee and by far the largcfl of them all, is ofa triangular n! gure, and nearly equilateral. The angular points con. fiitutc the nothern, fouthern, and eaflern extremitifi. The lat. of the northern extreme is 20 deg. 17 min. N and its long. 204 deg. 2 min. K. the fouthern end ftandi in the long, of 204 dog. 15 min. E. and in the Ut. of 18 deg. 54 min. N. and the callern extremity is in the lat. of 1 9 deg. 34 mm. N. and in the long, of 205 dfu. 6 min. £. The circumference of the whole ifland :i about 855 geographical miles, or 293 Knglifh ones. In brcaJth is ■J4 leagues; and its grcatcll length, whicfi lies nearly in a N. and S. dircciion, is 28 Uagucs and j half. It is divided into fix extenlivcd.llricts, namely, Akona and Koaarra, which are on the W. Ii>lc; K,ioo and Opoona, on the S, E. and Aheedoo and Anukoc] on the N. E. A mountain, named .Mouna Kaah, or the mountain Kaah) which rifes in three peaks, cumi. nually covered with fnow, and may be dik\ rncd at the dillance of 40 leagues, feparates the diltncl of Aim. k(X)a from that of Aheedoo. The coall, to the north. wan! of this mountain, is compofed of high ami abrupt dirt's, down which fall many beautiful cafcidis of water, We once flattered ourfelves with the hopes of findinei harbour round a bluff head, on a part of this coalt, in the lat. of 20 deg. 10 mm. N. and the long, of J04 deg. 26 min. v.. but after we had doubled the jxiint, m[ were Handing clofe in, we found that 11 was connected, by a low valley, with another elevated head to the north- wedward. 'I'he country rifes inland with a gradual afcent, and is intcrfcded by narrow deep glens, or ra- ther chafms : it feemed to be well cultivated, and to have many villages fcatteredaboi't it. The liiowynioun- tain above-mentioned is very ilcep, and its lowcit part abounds with wood. The coall of Aheedoo is oft mo- derate elevation ; and the interior parts have the appear- ance of being more even than the country towards ihc N. W. We cruifed off thefe two ditlrioU forncara month; and whenever our diltancc from the fhuiewiwlJ permit, were furrounded by canoes laden with rclrtih- ments of every kind. On this fide of the illand wcof- ten n»et with a very heavy fea, and .> great fwellj anJ, as there »,-.■> much foul ground off the fhore, we ftidom made a nearer approach tu the land than two ur three leagues. Towards the .\. E. of Apoona, the coall, which conllitutes the caflern extreme of the illand, is rather low and flat. In the inland parts the acclivity ii very gradual ; and the country abounds with biead-fruit.anj cocoa-nut trees. This appeared to us to be the Imclt part of the whole lUand ; and wc were aftcrwaids in. formed, (hat the king occ.ilionally relided here. The hills, at the fouth- weltern extremity, rife with fome ib- rupinefi from the tc> fide, leaving only a n> um bot- dci ■<» lowland tmvards the beaih. The lulesofihcfe hilK were covered with verdure but ihe ndjaccni conn. try leemeii thinly inhabited. When oui Ihips douH > the K point of^thc ifland, we KaJ light of an ^ ct Inowy mountair:, called by the natives, Mouna R-). tK« extenfivr mountain) which; Airing the whole tunc w«. were failing along the fouth-caflcrn tide, 1 ontinucJ to be a very confpicuous objcd. It was flat at the fuin- mit, wfcich was perpetually invotvcd in Inowj and *<: oncrobferved its Ddcsalfu flightly covered wiil lou conttderable way down. According to the iinpieal .ik 01 tnow, as determined by Monluui Cundaminr, truin oHervation* made on the Curdilletas in Amenta, iho bright of this mountain mufl he, at leall, iA,o:oft'rt. Ir tncreforc cwreda the height of the Pico dc Tcydc.ix IV»k of rencriHc, by '^8o ticet, inording to the com- pulation of the Ch slier dc Borda, or 714, accorduig to that of Di. It den. The peaks of Mouna KaiH fcciiicd (u be wi it>' ciuiit of about half a aiile. ^, M COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, fee. ,5 thev arc wholly covered with fnow, the altitude of (hfi'- fummits muft at lead be 1 8,400 feet. The diftrid of Kaoo exhibits a moll borrid and dif- malprofpcct; the whole country having, to appearance, unJcrgone an entire change from the confequcnces of fome drcadlul conviiKioii. The ground is, in all parts, covered with cinders ; and, in many places, interlcdcd »ith blackiih llrcaks, which fecm to mark the progrefs of a lava that has flowed, not many centuries ago, from Mouni Roa to the fliore. The fouth promontory ap- ptars 1 kc the mere dregs of a volcano. The head-land confirts of broken and craggy rocks, terminating in atutc points, and irregularly piled on each other. Not- withftiinding the drr.n v arpc<^ of this part of the illand, ii contains many villages, and is far more populous than the verdant mountains of Ajioona. Nor is it dillicult to account for this rircumttance. I'hcff iflanders not king poirelFcd of any cattle, have no occafion for pal- tutagcj and are therefore inclined to prefer fuch ground as ii cithr' more conveniently fuudtcd for fiftiing, or bell adapted to the cultivation of plantains and yams. Now amidft thcfc ruins there are many fpots of rich foil, which are with great care laid out in plantations ; and the neighbouring fea abounds with excellent filh of various kinds. Oft" this part of the coall, at Icfs than a ablcs length from the fhore, we did not llrikc ground with 160 fathoms of line, except in a fmall bight to the 1;. 01 he ibuthern point, where we found .rom 50 to 58 t.-hom. 'if water, over a fandy bottom. It may be proper [tfobfcrve, before we procrcil to give an account of the wcllcrndilh , that the whole coal! we have defcribcd, fronithcnorthci. he fourhcrn extreme, aflbrds not a linglc harbour, noi lut ^^.1 ih^ her for fhipping. The fouth-wcl?ern parts of Akona are in a condition fimilar to that of the adjoining diftric\ of Kaoo j but the coun- try further towards the N. has been carefully cultivated, and IS exceeding^ i>opulous. In this diviiion of the Illand lies Karakakooa bay, of which wc have already i;ivcn a defcription. Scaice any thing is feen along the iojil, but the fragments of black fcorchcd rocks; be- hind vihich, the ground, for the (pace of about two miles and a half, rifesgra Uially, and fecms to have been once covered with loofe burnt lionet. Thcfe havebcencleared away by the inhabitants, frequently to the depth of three feet and u)>wardi; and the fertility of the foil has amply repaid their labour. Here they cultivate in a rich alhy mould, the cloth-plant and fweet potatoes. Groves of cocoa-nut-trees are fcattcrcd among the fields, which arccnclofcd with Hone fences. ()n the riling ground beyond thcfe, they plant bread-fruit trees, which H(>urilh with furpiilmg luxuriance. The ditlrict of Koaarra f a- tcnds from the moft wefterly point to the northern ex- treme of the ifland. The whole coad between them forms a fpacious bay, which is called by the natives Toeyah yah, and is bounded to the northward by two confpicuous hills. Towards the bottom of this bay, there is foul, corally ground, that extends to the dilhntc o» upwards of a mile from the ihore, without which there ■■> I'Tod anchorage. The country, as far as the eye could <.m, 9p})carcd to be fruitful and populous : but no ir ;h 'vatci was to he tuund. The foil fccmed to be of ■v fsinc kind with that ol the diftrict of Ki-oo. K ving ihusdefcribed thccoafU of the illand of O- ^iiyhec, ami the adjacent country, we (hall now relate Ibmc particulars rcfpeCting the interior parts, .rom the intbrmation we obtained from a party, who fct out on the 16th ot January, on an expedition up the country, ^inncipajly with intention of reaching the ""nowy mountains, fluing prcviouflv (.nv -d two ol the illamiers to (crvc them u gu«Ax rV- quitted the vil- lage vxi four o'clock in the aftr^tvMn. Their courfc wasc^tetly, ineWM^g a little N" Iv. fouth. Within three or four Okinaoin ihc bay :^-y found the country ■idyi fcft >w>a J i but the hills alter wards roK with • .,rndini»l<<«it. which brought them to fomccxrrn- vc planr >; .v , . .■>n(i(l ing ol the faro or eddy root, Aiid Uveet p >i ii v», with plants of the cloth-tree. Both the laro iM I rS: fwcct potatoes arc here planted at the dif- tam. ,i iour fnt Irom each other. Tht potatoes arc taiiXU up aliiiift to rhc top of tht ilalk, with a pio • per quantity of light mould. The taro is left bare to tlie root, and the mould round it is put in the form of a ba- fon, for the purpofe of holding the rain-water j this root requiring a certain degree of moillurc. At the Friendly and Society Ides, the taro was conftantly planted in low and moid fituations, and generally in thofe places where there was the conveniency of a rivulet to flood it. This mode of culture was confidered as ablolutely ncccffary f but we now found that this root, with the precaution be- fore-mentioned, fuccecds equally well in a more dry fi- tuation. It was, indeed, remarked by all of us, that the taro of the Sandwich Iflands was the bed we had ever taded. The walls, by which thefe plantations are fe- parated from each other, are CQmpofed of the loofe burnt ftones, which arc met with in clearing the ground, and, being totally concealed by fugar-canes, that are planted clofe on each fide, form the moil beautiful fences that can be imagined. Our party flopped for the night at the fecond hut they obferved among the plantations, where they fuppofcd themfelves to be fix or fevcn miles didant from our diips. The profpeCt from this fpot was defcribed by them as very delightful : they had a view of our veflels in the bay before them ; to the left they faw a continued range of villages, inter- fperfed with groves of cocoa-nut-trees, fpreading along the fiiorc; a thick wood extending itfelf behind hem; and, to the right, a very confiderable extent of ground, laid out with great regularity in well cultivated planta- tions, difplaycd itfelf to their view. Near this fpot the natives pointed out to them, at a didance from every other dwelling, the refidence of a hermit, who, they faid, had, in the former part of his life, been a great chief and warrior, but had long ago retired from the fea-coad of the idani., and now never quitted the environs of his cottage. As they approached him, they prodratcd them- felves, and afterwards prefented him with fome provi- lions. His behaviour was cafy, frank, and chcarful. He tcrtified little adondhment at thcfightot our people, and though prcffcd to accept of fome Luropcan curiolitic!., he thought proper to decline the oiler, and foon retired to his cottage. Our party reprcfented him as by tar the mod aged pcrfon they had ever feen ; judging hiin to be, at a moderate computation, upwaiJs of a h^mdred years of age. As they had fuppoled that the moun- tain was not niore than ten or a do^cn niilo dldani from the bay, and confequently expected to uach it with cafe early the following mormng, thev were now greatly furprized to find thediltance Icarce perceivably diminilhed. This circumdance. with the uninhabited date of the country which they were on the point ot en- tering, rendering it necellary to provide a iifiply ot pn>- vidons. they difpatched one ot their > ondwctors bat k to the village tor that purpoic. Whild thej waited his re- turn, they were joined by Itvcial uf Kaoo's Icrvaiits, whom that generous old man had lent alter thenii loaded with lelicnuiicntt, and fully authorizra, as tlicir lout lay through his grounds, to demand, and tal c away with them whatever they might want. Our tutvellcrs were furprized on finding the cold here fo intenfe. But, as they had no thermometer with them, they could only form thcit judgment of it from thciv tVeliiV>',v i which, from the warm atmofpheie they had quiiled. liud have been a very fallanouv method of jtiduing; 1 Icy found it, however, lo cold, ih*i they coiud fcarcc act any deep, and the iflanders could nut deep at all ; Doth partici being diduibtd, during the whoir night, by continual < ougHii\g .\s thty, at this ume, could rot be at any M.I'. grc.ii height, their didance fn^m iKt fea being no muic thnn fix or (even utiles, and pait uf the road on a very moderate afcent, this uncommon degree of cold mud be auributed to the tafterly wind blowing frc(h over itki Inowy mounuini. h. jjlizcd over, jwrhaps by the action of fire. Haviiij- thus re lattd the principal ciicumrtanccs that occurred rniht expedition to the fnowy mountain at t)whyhcc, »e Ihall now proceed to defcribc the other illands ot ihu groupe. That which is next in fize, and ncareft in fituatioii to 0«hyhce, is Mowee. It (lands at the dillaiiLtof eight leagues N.N. VV. from Owhyhee, and is 143 geographical miles in circuit. It is divided hv a low iflhimi.* into two circular peninlulas, of which tliitio the callward is named Whamadooa, and is twite u large as that to the VV. called Owhyrookcw. I'hc mcwn- fains in both rife to a very great height, as we wre able to fee them at the di (lance of about 30 Imjjuc!. The northern fliores, like thofe of the ifie ot Owhjhcf, aHord no foundings ; and the country bears thi fimc afpecl; of fertility and verdure. The E. point ol .Vo- wec is in the latitude of 20 deg. 50 mm. N. and in the longitude of 204 dcg. 4 mm. E. To the fmith- wanl, between Mowec and the adjacent iOands, «c (bund regular depths with 1 50 fnthomSj over a twttum cf COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 60 1 Icrablc pittance of vi'a, I ilic [ircccdiiirr „|„|,j ich rcMchccI noHie'thfr uilt. K-injT MOW tti^i kc- their w;iy as well j 7, up into the nioft lof.y ng country. Thcv ar. a rid^rc of burnt ftoncs had a prolpcct of thj •cd to be ;>t ihc difl.nrj L-cn miles from them rult.ifion, whether thiy ■ rc(» contented with -h' y mountain. Since the i become hii^hlv hi.a,^, efo. every Itcp thcv :a] lolt every where brokri g flightly covered wjt, oil continually; andth; a furfacc of loofe hurit eir feet. Into fomv of which fcemcd from the (iderablc depth; jndme )r walked upon it. be. >ich difcouraged them icir conductors fo avcrfe fon to think they woulj lin out another nighr. ic to a dctcrntinition ot taking a furvcy of the they could find. | rum I themfelvcs furrpund.i hey were unable to dillin- from the water; and he- nountain, was a vs!lf« dth. They palTd :hi, )refl;»and the folliminj alFcd the firil wtkvJ, and miles to the N'.E. ofthe irchcd throii<;hthe[bn. \\, they did notobfcrtei [)tible of improvement, IC country, Iromthnric. itcd to greater advanuge Thcv were furprfed ind.iipon thfircmiuii)-, appliccl, iluy utrc a. to cover the groundi order to pitftrvc thera lolthcfun. Thrvoh. , a few hut? fcattered ional (Ittltcr to the li- any villagt t at a jjffiin or live miles. NtJt atcd about four miltj a lave, lorty fathonu in of the lame heij^ht. It Tides were fluted, u if the furfacc wa, j'bzcd fire. Having thui ic ces that occurred in iht 111 \in at Owhyhcc, »c the other illands ot ihu and ncarcft in fituatioti luuls at the diflanctof Owhyhcc, and is 143 It is divided by a low nluias, of which that to ladooa, and is twice a whyrook • I,' ' \ li'J'fi *'^if,* '■'1 ! V'Ai mf \i < ;*,il H ItHBI K i aKB llu r iHi li a' llllita 1 f 60'2 Capt. C O C) K's VOYAGES CO M 1' L t I" K i 'II v^m^ lu •. .4 Wi'A .'li as is !*• culloin in liuropc. liuiecd, the pradice of eating HI fccins to be an infupcrahic bar to thnr be- ing adi...(tc-ii into focicty j ami as tliere arc no bcalts of prey, nor objects ot chace, in thtfc lilands, tiic Ibcial qualities of the dog, its attachment, fidelity, and faga- city, will, in all probability, rcniam unknown to the na- tives. In our obfcrvations it did not appear that the dogs in the Sandwich lllands were near fo numerous, in proportion, as at Oiaheite. Bur, on the other hand, they have a much greater plenty ot hogs, and the breed is of a larger kuid. VV'e procured from them an ama/ing fupply of provifions of this fort. We were upwards ot three months, either cruiling off the coaft, or in harbour at Owhyhee; during all which time the crews of both Ihips had conllantly a large allowance of trelh pork, infomutli that our confumption of that ar- ticle was computed at about rtopunchconsof500 weight each. Btlides this quantity, and the extraordinary walk, which, amidft fuch abundance, could not be en- tirely prevented, 60 more puncheons were falted lor fea ftore. 1 he greater p»rt of this fupply was drawn from the illc of Owhyhee alone; a'ld yet we did not perceive chat It was at all exhauftcd, orcven that the plenty had dccreafed. The birds of thcfe illands are numerous, though the variety is not great. Some of them may vie with thofe of any country in point ot beauty- There arc four fpecics that fcem to belong to the tm- chili, or honey-tuckers ot Linn.xus. One of them is fomcw hat larger than a bulllinch ; its colour is a glolFy black, and the thighs and rump-vent arc of a deep yel- low. The natives call u hoohoo. Another is ot a very bright llailct; its wings are black, with a white edge, and its tail is black. It is named ceeeve by the inhabitants. The third is variegated with brown, yel- low, and reil, and Iccnii to be cither a young bird, or a vaiieiy ot the preceding. The fourth is entirely (.-rcen, with a yelion tinge, and is lalletl akaicarooa. There is alio a finall birJol ihe fly-catcher kind ; a fpenesof thrulli, with a grcyith bieall; and a lail, with very fliort wings, and no tail. Ravens are met wiih here, but they arc extremely ftarce; ihcy are of a dark brown 1 colour, inclining to black, and their note is diilcrent' from that ot the European raven. VVe found two Imall i)irds, that were very common, and both of which «crc ot one genus. One of thcfe was red, and was ufualiy obfLTVcd about the cocoa-trees, from whence it feeiiud to derive a tonliderable part of its fublillence. The other was of a green colour. llolh had long tongues, which were ciliated, or liingcdat the tip. A bird with a yellow head was likewifc very common here: from the rtrudure of its beak, our people called it a parroquet : it, however, does not belong to tii.it tribe, liut liears a great rclemblancc to the le.\ia tlavic ins, or yclluwifli crofs-billot i.inn.'Ciis. Here arc alio owls, curlews, petrels, and g.mnets ; plovers of two I jK-ties, one nearly the fame as our whilUing plover; a large white [)igeon ; the common water-hen; and a long- tailed bird, which is of a black colour, aad the vent and feathers under the wings yellow. Ihc vegetable produce of the Sandwich Idcs it not very diHcrcnt from that of the other illands of the I'a- cilic Ocean. We have already obfervcd, that the taro root, here cultivated, was (uperior to any we had be- fore tadcd. The bread-lri.it trees thrive here, not in- deed in fuch abundance as at Otaheitc, but they pro- duce twice as much fruit as thry do on the rich plains ofthat illjnd. Thcrrccsarc nearly of the fame height; but the branches fhoot out from the trunk conlidcrably lowcr,and with greater luxuriance of vegetation. The fugar-cants of thefe illands grow to an extraordinary fue. One ot them was brought to us at Atooi, whofe circumference was eleven iiuhcs and a quarter ; and it had fourteen tcet eatable. At Oneehcow wcfaw fome large brown roots, from lix to ten (Kiunds in weight, re- ffinliling a yam 111 llia()c. i'he |uicc, of which ihcy yield a great ijuantity, is very fweet,and is an excellent lucccdaneum tor fugai. The natives arc eiLceedingly fond of It, and make iifc of it as an article of their common di(t i and our people likewdc tound it very palanblc and wholclomc. Not bciiig able to procure 1 fc^'k.. the leaves of t!>is ve,'ctablc, wc rotiM not alrcrt;,,,, ,^ what Ipecies of plant it belonged; but we fu|)p,,it.,| "^ to be the root ot tiimc kind of fern. The natives of the Sandwich lllcs are ,i^.', N. This tact, extraordinary as it is, is not only ev inc,,i by the general relemblancexif their perlons, and ,,>,. great limilarity of their manners and culloms. but Ir, i, to be elfablilhed, beyond all controverfy, by the ulcn;,, of their language. It mny not, perhaps, be vcrv dun cult to conjeChirc, from what continent they orijjimi]' emigr.ited,and by what Heps they have ditfulcil tiuni. fclvcs over to imni.nie a Ipacc. They heir lirni, marks ot allinity to fome of the Indian tribes. «h"' inhabit the l.adrones and Caroline llles; andthci. „. allinity and rcleinblance, may alfo be traced amonn ::■, Malays and the liattas. At what particulir iim«i,i(,^ migrations happened IS Kls e.ify to ,il run. thew. riod, m all piobabilitv, was not very late, as » ,,. very |K>piilous, and have no tra iition re!bfr>iii,r tJit,, own origin, but what is wholly tahul'in; i'yjuj,), ^ the other hand, the liinplicity which is II dl ptcv.illn'iin their maniHTs and habits ot lite, and the nn.iiJuitcijtcj Hate of their general language. Item to denionilr.U'.ih,. It < ould not have been at any very leiuote peri(v.l, (,•.,. natives ot the Sandwich Illands, in general, evcecd ("o middle liic, and are well maiie. 1 hey walk m j very graceful manner, run with conliderable agdiiy, and arc capable of enduring a great degree ot tannic; b:,! upon the whole, the men are interior witii rclixci ;i) activity and llrength, tothc inhabitants ot the I-ikn,!l/ Illands, and the women are Ids delicate in the lornu- tion of their liint-s than the t)taheitcan femilcs. 1 heir complexion is fomewhat darker rhan th.u ot thctJti. heiteans; and they arc not altogether lo liandionicin their pcribns as the natives ot the .SiJticty I'.ics. Minv ot both Icxes, however, had tine open coimtciunci- and the women, in paiticular, had white well. (cttfc;;, good eyes, ami an engaging Iwcctnefs and lenlibil.n 01 look. The hair of thele people is ot a brou.iidilDjck neither unitotmly curling, like that ot the Africm Xt- giocs, nor unitoiiid) llraight, as among the Ind.ansoi' .America; but varying,in this refpect.like the ha.rolKj- lopeaiis. There is one llril.ing peculiarity inthetcaiuus ot every part of this great nation ; winch u, th»I, t\a in the molt hamlfonie taces, there ii always ohfcruilc, a fulnels ot the nolltil, without any Hatncis or lj)rcj,i. ingot the Hole, that liillinguillies them Iroin thci,;;i- bitantso>l-iMopi'. It u not wholly miprohible,t;u! ihisnij) be thccilcLt of their cullomary nutii(xlolli!ii- tation, which is jK-rtormed t)y ptelling togethf r thi' c\. Ircmitics ul tlwir nofes. The lame luperioriiy ttutvic generally oblcrved at other illands m the perlons ot ihc Krees, is likcwile lound here. Thoie that were Iccn by us were |jerfcetly well formed ; whereas the loner clafs of people, betides their general inferioritv, arciuii- leiit to all the variety of figure and make, that u >.'n with in the [lopulncc of other parts of the wtirlu. Bjt we met with more frei]uent inllances of detormity har, than m any ot the other illands we viliied. While w were cruiliugoti' Owhyhee, two dwarfs came on IxvirJi one of whom was an old man, of the height ot imir feet two iiK hes, but very well proportioned; and t lie other was a woman, nearly of the fame llature. Wc atterwards faw, among the natives, three wlio were hump-backed, and a young tnan who had been delli- rute of hands and feet, from the very moment ol hii birth. Scjuintmg is alfo common among them; anJi man, who, they told u«, hac been born b'inl, iws brought to us for the purpofc of being cured, Befidt! thele particular defects, they arc, in general, extrcnui» lubjcrt to boils and ulcers, which fome of u; alcr bed to the great ijuaniity of fait they ufualiy cat with thnt lith and Heth. Though the Erees are frw from thifc complaints, many of them experience llill nwredreid- ful cUcct* Irom the too frequent ufc of the ava. Thole 't v^i^d^ktii COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGK— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. Go { ,ho were the moft affcdcd by it, had their eyes red and j^rtaincd, their limbs emaciated, their bodies covered with a whitidi fcurf, and their whole frame trembling and paralytic, attended with a difability of railing then heads. Though it docs not appear th:it this drug univcrfilly (hortcns life, (for Terrtcoboo, Kaoo, and Icveral other chiefs, were far advanced in years) yet it invariably brines on a premature and decrepid old age. It is a fortunate circunillancc for the people, that the life of it ji made a peculiar privilege of the chiefs. The young fonofTerreeoboo, who a'ts of which we have luit an impcrfct acqviain uncf, 10 be a talk highly dilfu ult. Iherr are two cir- f,Miii!a:ii-CS, however, v\hich remove much ot this ob- ;\lum. One is, that the interior puts ot the country aicalinofl entirely unmhabited : it, thcrclore, the luini- kr ot thole who inhaliit the parts adjoining to the cuiil, bt-alccriaincd. the whole will bedrteiinined with loiiicd^>;ac ot uiciiiacy. The oilier ciicii nllance is, ilutthcic arc no towns of any conliderable extent, the Uul«ul tile illanilers being pretty equally dattercd in liiiiii v,ll,i(;es round all their coalls. On thcfe grounds \u' liiall venture at a rough ralculation ot the number III ptilDiis 111 this duller ot tflands. Karjkakooa bay, in Owhyhec, is about three miles incxtciii, and loiuprehcnds four villages of about Xo houlo ea( li, upon an average, in all p o ; betides many Itrajinling habitations, which may make the whole a- iiiouiil 10 ^ jO. If we allow fix people to each hoiife, the (.uuiury about the bay will then contain 2,1 go per- |,i;is. I'o thefc we may add 50 families, or 300 fouls, which we imagine to Iw nearly the number employed .iiiipnj,' the plantations in the interior parts of the iil.ind I making, in all, 2,^00. If this number be ap- pitd Id the whole c(Xirt round the illand, a quarter bc- inj; deducted for ihc uninhabited parts, it will be found I,) contain 150,000 pcrlbns. The other Sandwich lllindi, by the lame method of calculation, will appear toi o;itain ilielollowing number of inhabitants: Mowce, A;,400j Atooi, 5^,oooj Morotoi, 36,000; Woahoo, (ij.jJOj Kanai, 20,400; Oneehcou, 10,000; and Orcc- tiDua, 4,000. Thele numbers, including the I 50,000 inOwhylite, will amount 10400,000. In this compu- i.i;on we have by no means exceeded the truth in the tu;.il amount. We mull confcfs, notwithftanding the great lofs we fuftjinedtroiiuhefuddcnrerentmentand violence of thefe iliaiidi rs, that they are of a very mild and atl'ectionatcdif- 1 iiliiioii, equally remote from the ditlnnt gravity and re- Kutot the natives of the Friendly Hies, and the extreme volatility ol the Otaheitean;. They fcem to live in the j;iatclt Iriendlhip and harmony with each other. Thofc uonifii who had children, llicwed a remarkable aHec- lun 1(11 rhem, and paid them a particular and conllant ationiion ; and the men, with a willingnefs that did ho- nour to their ft clings, fretjucntly atforucd their allillancc in ihofe domcllic cniploymcius. We muft, however, re- mark, that they are greatly inferior to the inhabitants of the other iflands, in that bell criterion of civil, zed manners, the relpcCl paid to the female lex. Here the women are not only deprived of the (irivilege of eating with the men, but are forbidden to feed on the bell loin ofprovifions. Turtle, pork, feveral kinds of bill, :\iid fome fperics of plantains arc denied tliem-, and wc were informed, tl...t a girl .^tcived a violent beating, for having tatcn, while llic was on board one of our (lii[vs', a prohibited article of food. With ngird to their do- mcitic life, they feem to livc almnit wholly hy thcai- felves, and meet with little attention Irom the nun, though no inllances of perlonal ill-treaimeiit wercob- ferved by us. We have already had orcal'.on to men- tion the great kindnefs and holpit ility, with which they treated us. Whenever we went afhore, there was a con- tinual druggie who Ihould be moll forward in oll'ering little prcfents tor our acceptance, bunging piovilions and refrelhments, or teflifying Irrne other mark ot rc- (pech The aged p;rfon-; contiantly received us witli tears of joy, appeared to be highly gratilied with being permitted to touch ii«, and were frequently drawing comparifons between us and themfelves, with marks of extreme humility. The young women, likcwife, were exceedingly kind and engaging, and attached them- felves to us, without referve, till they perceived, not- withllanding all our endeavours to prevent it, that they had caufe to repent of ouracqiiaintance. It mutt, how- ever, be ohferved, that thefc females were, in all proba- bility, of the inferior clafs ; for wc faw very few women of rank during our continuance here. Thefc people, in point of natural capacity, are, by no means, bcluw the common liandard of the human race. The excel- lence of rhefr inaniifartures, and their improvements in ai;ricu!ture, arc doubtlels adequate to their litiiation and natural advantages. The eager-icls ot curinliry, with which they tiled to attend the armourer's forge, and the various i xpedients which tluy had invented, even before our departure from thefc ill.ind?, for wo k- ing the iron obtained from us, into fueh forms as were hell calculatrd for their purpofcs. were rtrong ind i a- tions of docility and ingenuity. Our unhappy Ir 1 iid, K ineeni, was endowed with a remarKable quicknels of ( iinception, and a great degree of jiidiLious curiolit/. He was extremely inquilitive with relpcLi to our uian- neis and cidloms. lie enquired after our foveicign ; the form of our government ; the mode of coiillrucling our lliip< ; the prokwlions of our country ; our num- bers; our method of building houfcs; whether wc waged any wars; with whom, on what occations, and in what particular manner thty were carried on; who was our deity ; betides many other quedions of a limilar import, which fcemed to indicate a comprehcnlive undertland- ing. We obferved two inftances of perfons difordercci in their fenfes ; the one a woman at Oneeheow, the other a man at Owhyhee. From the extraordinary refpcL^t and attention paid to them, it appeared, that the opinion of their being divinely infpired, which prevails among moft of the oriental nations, is alfo countenanced here. We arc inclined to think, that the praiflicc of feed- ing on the bodies of enemies, was originally prevalent i" ;;'il tnc illands of the Pacific Ocean, though it it not known, by politive and decilivc evidence, to cxilt in any of them, except New-Zealand. The offering up human vidims, which is manifeUly a iclique of this barbarous cuftom, Ilill univerfally obtains among thefc illanders; and it is not dilHcult to conceive why the in- habitants of New-Zealand fhould retain the rcpafl, which was, perhaps, the concluding part of thefc hor- rid rites, for a longer period than the rtft of their tribe, who werefituated m more fertile regions. As the Sand- wich illanders, both in their pcrlons and difpolition, bear a nearer rcfemblancc to the Ncw-Zealanders, than to any other people of this very cxtcniive race, Mr. Andcrfon was Urongly inclined to futpeit, that, like them, they are Hill cannibals. The evidence, which induced him to entertain this opinion, has been al- ready laid down] but, as Mr. King had great duubts of the m''^ 1 i wIp i| n 1 nN n 6o4 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. T 'li ! ii; it •. hi: '^^,1 thejullncrs of his conclufions, wc (hall mention the grounds on which he ventured to ditlcr Ironri him. With regard to the intelligence received on this head from the natives ihemfelves, it may not be improper to obferve, that mol\ ot the otTiccrs on board took great pains to enquire mto fo curious a circumllance ; and that, except in the irilh'ices above referred to, the iflanders invariably denied that any fuch pr.ic^ice ex- ilUij among them. Though Mr. Andorfon's luperior knowledge of the language of thofe people, ought ccr- tamly to give conliderablc weight lohis judgment, yet, when he examined the man who had the little parcel, containing a piece of failed Helli, Mr. King;, who was prcfent on that occalion, was ftrongly of opinion, that the ligns made ufe of by the iflandcr intimated nothing more, than that it was deligned to be eaten, and that it was very agreeable or wholefome to the ftomach. In this fentiment Mr. King was confirmed, by a circiim- llance of which he was informed, after the dcceale of his ingenious friend Mr. Anderfon, namely, that moll of the inhabitants of ihcfe iQandi carried about with them a fmall piece of raw pork, well falted, cither put in a calibafti, or wrapped up in fome cloth, and falkned round the waift : this they cfteemed a great delicacy, .ind would frequently t.illc it. With reganl to the con- fufion the lad was in, (for his age did not exceed 16 or 1 8 ycais) no perfon could have been furpri/ed at it, who had been witnefs of the earned and eager manner in which Mr. Anderfon interrogated him. Mr. king found it lefs eafy to controvert the argument deduceil from the ufe of the inlUument made with ihark's teeth, which is of a fimilar form with that ufed by the New- /cilandcrs for rutting up the bodies of their enemies. ■Jhotigh he Ixlicved it to be an undoubted fad, that they never make ufe of this inl\rument in cuy^ng the flcih of other animals, yet as the practice of facrificing human V iclinis, and of burning the bodies of the flain, Hill pre- vails here, he confiJercd it as not altogether improlw- blc, that the ufe of this knife (if it may be fo denomi- nated) IS retained in thofe ceremonies. lie was, upon the whole, inclined to imagine, and particularly from the lall-inentioncd circumftancc, that the horrible cuf- toiii of devourina human flcfli has but lately ccafed in thcfe and other ilUnds ot the Pacihc Ocean. Omiah ac- knowledged, that his countrymen, inftigated by the fury of revenge, would rometimen tear with their teeth «he Rclli of their (lain cnemiesj but he peremptorily denied that they ever cat it. The denial is a llrong indication that the pracHcc hasceafed; for in New-Zealand, where it is 11 ill prevalent, the natives never fcrupled to con- fefs it. The natives of the Sandwich IHands, almon univer- fally permit their beards to grow. There were, how- ever, a few who cut oli" their beard entirely, among whom was the aged king; and others wore it only on their uppcr-lip. The fame vai icty that is tound among the other iflanders of this . Their mats, which »'( of various fizes, but, for the mofl part, atwuttivc Itctia length, and four in breadth, arc thrown over their ihoul- ders, and brought forward before. Thefe, however, arc rarely made ufe of, except in time of war, f rwhah purpofc thf^ ajppcar to be better calculateit than fo common ufe, fince they arc of a 'Hick heavy texturf, and capable of breaking the blow a ftone, orofany blunt wea{x>n. They generally go uarc-fboted, exrtp: when they travel over burnt Hones, on which occaiki they fecurc their feet with a kind of fandal, which it made of cords, twilled from cocoa-nut fibres. BcWts their ordinary drefs, there is another, which is appio- priarcd to their chiefs, and worn only on extraonlmir occafions. It confiffs of a feathered cloak and cap,c; helmet, of uncommon beauty and magnificence. 1 h:i drefs having Ixen minutely dcfc/ibcd, in a former pan of our work, wc have only to add, that thcfe cloaks art of different lengths, in proportion to the rank ul tht perfon who wears them; fome trailing (»> the ground, and others no lower than the middle. The chief) ot inferior rank have likewile a (fiort cloak, which rd'cni. bics the foriTier, and is made of the long tail-fcathcrsol the cock, the man-of-war bird, and the tropic bird, having a broad border of fmall yellow and red lc:;hm, and alfo a collar of the fame. Others i/e conipo'cdni white feathers, with variegated borden. The cap, or helmet, has a ftrong lining of wicker-uork, fuflkicntio break the blow of any warlike weapon ; for which pur- pofc it appears to be intended. Thefc feathered drcifci fccmcd to be very fcarce, and to be worn only by the mate fcx. During our whole continuance in Kar.ikakooi tiajr, we never obfervcd them ufed, except on three oc- cafions 1 tirit, in the remarkable ceremony of TertccD' boo't firil vifit to our (hips 1 fecondly, by fome chicfi, who appeared among the crowd on fhorc, when our un- fortunate Commander was killed < and, thirdly, when his bones were brotight to us t)y Eappo. The ftnkipg rcfemblancc of this habit to the cloak and helnict which ihc ^^iki.^^1 in battle: thcfe; , and are handed du*n of the highcft value. The uring the body, prcva,|j Itheidandsinthisoceiii 1 the Sandwich Illc-i, that' I this difference betu«n ■-Zealandcr* peiform thii )lutcs, and the Sandwich tcrfed each other at rik[-' ave half their body, \,l- ;ive» them a moU \hi\it^„ done with great ncatrcis em have only an arm I uj again, tatoo both an arm le hand. The hands a„j urcd in a very neat nun. kablc cuftom of tatonnr of the females. \\\ hjj the praifliceof punctunnj; mourning, on the dccnfc nitous occurrence : for »t at fuch amarkwasmmc- oof the others. Thcpto. tatooed with a paiticiibi cm a$ thepropcnyoftp,: icctivcly fubjccf. men of all rsnks cunfiiu, cloth, called the niaro,!.' ti paiFcs between the iey-i, I. Their mats, which ift iioflpart, about five lectin ire thrown over their Ihctil. ;fore. Thefc, however, arc in time of war, fr which actter calculateti than for of a 'Hick heavy texture, blow a ftone, or of any illy go uarc-focted, exrtpt (tones, on which occiib kind of fandal, which it cocoa-nut fibres, BcliJti another, which is appio- orn only on extraonimart eathered cloak and cap, c: ' and magnificence. Ihi fc^ibed, in a former part ) add, that thcfe cloaks ire portion to the rank ul the ne trailing 0r\ the jjtound, r middle. The chicfi ot ftiort cloak, which refem. of the long lail-fcathcrsot tird, and the Iropicbird, ill yellow and red (rrhm, Others i-,econipoitiioi cd borden. The cap, or f wicker-work, fuflkientto ;c weapon ; for which pur- d. Thci'c feathered drcffci d to be worn only by the :ontinuance in Kar.ikakooa ufed, except on three oc- able ceremony of Teticci)' fccondly, by fomc chief), wd on Ihore, when our un- tied 1 and, thirdly, when by Eappo. The ftnkirg he cloak and hel-iict»hicli the ■\.x !>■, ^■-^ 1-: (. ••' ■ r 1 V ,J - '•1 .i ; 1 ; • V 1 •,'" '. t III ' 1 ! 1 » ^ II ,S--*'.. :^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A ^ A. 1.0 Sfiaia I.I 11.25 ■ 2.2 ■u 13^ Warn 2.0 /i 'Vie/ A '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 ';vL;TMAIN5Ta?STER,N.Y. MSM (71«)873-4S03 ■; ■^.•.- COOK's THIF r%n.rry/rr?OKTLOVK's. I,. COLLECTION,/ VdVAGES^TRAVliLS. ■'ji>>*.-i'= , /( ruious MASK,./y // //^ Men r/M^ SandwiciiImlands. '■'-^^a: ■ ^ ^ the Spaniards formerly wore, enquire, whether there migh grounds lor imagining that ii them. After all our endeavo this head, wc found, that the acquaintance with any other \ no iradition cxifted among tl ingevcr before received a vifii However, notwithftanding t on this fubjeft, the form of tli ficicnt indication of its Eurc when we rcfledl on another ci a remarkable deviation from drcfs, which is prevalent am ofthis great tribe, difpcrfcd From this conclufion, wc wcr fome Buccaneer, or SpaniO wreciced in the ncighbourhoc itisconfidercd, that the coui vcflcls from Acapulco to Ma to the S. of the Sandwich Ifle 10 the N. on their return, th think, be deemed improbable In the common drefs of i women, there is very little di n niece of cloth wrapped roi Iccnds half way down their during the cool of the cvcnin] of fine cloth over their (hou Oiahcitc. They have anothi pin, which the younger part lonlifts of the thinncft and veal times about the middle, |(g ; (o that it has the appea riut. They cut their hair, a the cuftom of the New Zca One woman, indeed, whon Bay, had her hair arranged i hiving turned it up behind, forehead, and doubled it bac of (hide to the face, and foi bonnet. Befides their neck! of (hells, or of a (hiring, h dried flowers of the Indian ma and likewife another clegani which isfomctimes faflencd re ofa garland, but is ufually pi itiswornoccafionaliy in boin kind of rul^'.about as thick as ingenuity, of very fmall fcati ther, infomuch, that the fur ihcrichcft velvet in fmootl genctii, red, with alternate c green. Wc have already d< vhicii they have a great vari of AtDui wear fmall figures neatly of ivory or wood, fafte I'ime manner that rings arc lilicwifc an ornament confiOi on a ground of ftrong net w c.uh other, while in motion ihcy dance, fatten cither roui the knee, or round the arm. of lliells, ufe for this purpofi hard red berry. Another oi nnmc, is a kind of ma(k, C hiving holes cut in it for th if It i:i (luck full of green tw d.Oancc, like a waving plun iiirrow (Iripcs of doth hang l.mbling a beard. Thefe ma (in two occalions, and both fons alPcmbled in a canoe, w the lliip, laughing and makii ! could never learn whether t^ uf as a defence for the head of tlicir public fports and merely for the purpofci of r ; The natives of the Sand wi( imall towns or vUlagei»whi( No. 74. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 6bi .gessTravels. — rKm^irM^i — >WI('IlTSLANDS. the Spaniards Formerly wore, excited our curiofity to enquire, whether there might not be fomc reafonable grounds tor imagining that it had been borrowed from [hem. After all our endeavours to gain information on this head, wc found, that the natives had no immediate acquaintance with any other people whatever ; and that no tradition exiftcd among them of thcfc iflands hav- ing ever before received a viiit from fuch velTeisas our's, however, notwithQanding the refult of our enquiries on this fubjeA, the form of this habit feems to be a fuf- ficicnt indication of its European origin; particularly when we refledt on another circumftance, viz. that it is a remarkable deviation from the general agreement of drefs, which is prevalent among the feveral branches ofthis great tribe, difpcrfed over the Pacific Ocean. From this conclufion. we were induced to fuppofc, that fome Buccaneer, or Spanifli (hip, might have been wreciced in the ncighlwurhood of thefc iflands. When it is confidcred, that the courfc of the Spaniih trading vclTcls from Acapulco to Manilla, is not many degrees to the S. of the Sandwich Ifles, in thei • paflage out, and to the N. on their return, this fuppof'.ion will not, wc think, be deemed improbable. In the common drefs of the men, and that of the women, there is very little difference. The latter wear J uiccc of cloth wrapped round the waift, which de- Iccnds half way down their thighs ; and fometimes, during the cool of the evening, they throw loofe pieces of fine cloth over their Ihouldcrs, like the females of Otahcite. They have another kind of drefs called the nan, which the younger part of the fcx often wear : it tonlifts of the thinncft and fined cloth, wrapped fe- veral times about the middle, and reaching down to the leg; fo that it has the appearance of a full ftiort petti- roat. They cut their hair, and turn it up before, after the cuftom of the New Zcalanders and Otaheiteans. One woman, indeed, whom wc faw in Karakakooa 6iy, had her hair arranged in a very flngular manner : having turned it up behind, flic brought it over her forehead, and doubled it back, fo that it formed a kind of Hiade to the face, and fomcwhat rcfcmbled a fmall bonnet. Befides their necklaces, which are compofed of Ihclls, or of a fliining, hard, red berry, they wear dried flowers of the Indian mallow, formed into wreaths, ind iikewife another elegant ornament, termed craic, which is fometimes fattened round the hair in the manner of a garland, but is ufually put round the neck; though it is worn occafionally in both thefe ways at once. It is a kind of ruD°,about as thick as a finger, formed with great ingenuity, of very fmall feathers, woven clofely toge- ther, infomuch, that the furface may be faid to equal the richeft velvet in fmoothnefs. The ground is, in general, red, with alternate circles of black, yellow and green. Wc have already defcribcd their bracelets, of V hicii they have a great variety. Some of the women of AtiKii wear fmall figure* of the turtle, mad^ very ncitly of ivory or wood, faftened on their fingers, in the fame manner that rings arc worn by us. They h^ve hkcwife an ornament confifline of fliells, tied in rows on a ground of llrong net work, fo as to flrike againfl cuh other, while in motion ; which both fexes, when they dance, fatten either round the ancles, or juft below ' the knee, or round the arm. They fometimes, iqftead of (liclls, ufe for this purpofe, the teeth of dogs, and a hard red berry. Another ornament, if it defcrvcs that inmc, h a kind of mafl<, compofed of a large gourd, hiving holes cut in it for the nofe and cyei. The top il it i:i (luck full of green twigs, which appear at fomc dilUnce, like a waving plume { and the lower part has nurow llripcs of cloth hanging from it, fomcwhat rc- l.inbling a beard, Thefe maiks we never faw worn but on two occalions, and both times by a number of per- I fons .iltcmbled in a canoe, who approached the fide of I the ll)ip, laughing and making droll gcfliculations. Wc could never learn whether they were not alfo^mide ufe I ufas a defence for the head againft floncs, or, in Tome vf their public fports and games, or were difguifcs. I merely for the purpofcs of mummery and fpott. ' ; Tlie natives of the Sandwich Iflands dwell together in - j fmall towns or villages, which cvntain from about iQoj No, 74. 'i to 200 houfes, built pretty clofe to each other, without order or regularity, and having a winding path that leads through thei». They are flanked frequently, to- wards the fea fide, with loofe detached walls, which are, in all probability, intended for fliclter and defence. Their habitations are of various dimenfions, from 45 feet by 24, to 1 8 by 1 2. Some arc of a larger fize, be- ing 50 feet in length, 30 in breadth, and entirely opert at one end. Thefe, wc were informed, were defighcd for the accommodation of ftrangers or travellers, whole flay was likely to be ftiort. Some of the belt houfes have a court-yard before them, railed in very neatly, with fmaller habitations for fcrvants crcdcd round it: in this airc^ the family ufually eat and lit in the day- time. In the fides of the hills, and among the fleep rocks, we faw feveral holes or caves, which fecmed to be inhabited ; but the cmrince being defended by wicker-work, and, in the only one that we viTited, a ftonc fence being obferved running acrofs it within, we luppofcd that they were chiefly intended as places of retreat, in cafe of an attack from enemies. People of an inferior clafs feed principally on fifli, and vegetables, fuch as plantains, bread-fruit, fweet po- tatoes, fugar-canes, yams, and taro. To thefe, perfons of fuperior rank add theflefli of dogs and hogs, dreflled after the fame method that is practifed at the Society Ifles. They Iikewife fometimes eat fowls of a dome(\ic kind ! but thefe, however, arc neither plentiful, nor in any degree of cflimation. On our firfl arrival at thefe illands, yams, and bread-fruit, feemed fcarce ; but, on ourfccond vifit, wc did not find this to be the cafe : it is therefore probable, that, as thefc vegetable articles arc commonly planted in the interior parts of the country, the iflandcrs might not have fufiicient time for bring- ing them down to us, during our fliort continuance in Wynioa Bay. Their fifti arc faltcd, and preferved in gourji-fliclls, not, indeed, with a view of providing againfl an oicalional fcarcity, but from the inclination they have for failed provifions; for we found, that the chiefs had frequently pieces of pork pickled in the fame manner, which they confidcred as a great delicacy. Their cookery is much the fame as at the Friendly and Society Iflands; and though fome of our people dif- liked their taro puddings, on account of their lourncfs, others were of a different opinion. It is remarkable, that they had not acquired the art of prefcrving the bread-fruit, and making of it the four pafte, named maihee, as is the pradlice at the Society Ifles; and it afibrdcd us great fatisfadtion, that we had it in our power to communicate to them this fecret, in return for the generous treatment we received from them. At their meals they are very cleanly ; and their method of drcfling both their vegetable and anhnal food, was ac- knowledged univerfally to be (bpcrior to ours. The tlrecs begin confiantly their meals with a dofc bf the extradl of pepper root, or ava, prepared in tht ufual mode. The women eat *part from the other fex, and are prohibited, as before obferved, from feeding oft Sork, turtle, and fome particular fpecies of plantains. lo(withftandine this intetdidjon, they would e^t.prU vaicly, pork with us : but we could never prevail on them to ufie the two latter articles of food. They ge. nerally rife with the fun; and having enjoyed the cool of the evening, retire to their repofe la few hours afttfr fun-fct. The Erees are employed in mhking canoes, and ^ijtts; the Towtows arc chiefly engaged in theic plantations, and in fifhirig} and the women in the ma- nufaiilure of cloth. They amuft thettifelves, in their leifMrc hours, with various divcrfions. The youth of both (exes are fond of dancing; and on more folentit occafions, thev entertain themfctVcs with wrc'flling and boxing matches, performed after the maniier of the natives of the Friendly Illands t to whom, howevei, thcjr arc greatly inferior in thcfc refpeifts. Their dances, which bear a greater rcfcroblancc to thofe of the New Zcalanders, than of the FHcpdlv or Society Iflandcrs, are introduced w/ith a foKlion kino of fong, in which the whole number join, at the Tan^e time moving flowly their Iqjs. and ftriking; gently their brrafls ; their atti- mdci and nutiner btsingycrv^ c^ify and graceful. So ' 7O • far ■;'."■'. I-'II ■} '^-'iti. 6oiS Capt. COOK'S VOYAGESCOMPLETE. v, h-tk ■ ilh. far they refemble the dancers of the Society Iflands. After tnis has continued about the fpacc of ten minutes, ihcy quicken gradually their motions and the tunc, and do not defift till they arc opprcflcd with fatigue. This part of the performance is the counter-part of that of the inhabitdtus of New Zealand ; and, as among thofc people, the perfon wliofc action is the mod violent, and who continues this cxercifc the longed, is applauded by the fpedlators as the beft dancer. It muft be remarked, that, in this dance, the females only engage; and that the dances of the men refemble thofc we faw of the fmall parties at the Friendly Ifles; and which may, perhaps, more properly, be termed the accompany* mcnt of fong;, with the correfpondent motions of the whole body. But as we faw fomc boxing exhibitions, of the fame kind with thofc wc had feen at the Friendly Illes, it is not improbable, that they had here likewiic their grand dances, wherein both men and women were performers. Their mufic, on tK:fe, and other occa- fioMJ, is of a tude kind; for the only inftruments, we ohfcrvcd among them, were drums of various fizcs. Their fongs, however, which they arc faid to (ing in parts, and which they accompany with a gentle mo- tion of their arms, like thofc of the inhabiunts of the Friendly Ifles, have » very plcafing effedt. Thcfc people are greatly addi(flcd to gambling. One of their games rcfembles our game of draughts ; but, from the number of fquares, it fccms to be much more intricate. The board is of the length of about two feet, and is divided into 238 fquares, 14 in a row. In playinf they ufe white and black pebbles, which they mov( from one fquare to another. They have a game whic:i confiAs in concealing a flone under fome cloth, fpread out by one of the parties, and rumpled in fuch a manner, that it is difficult to perceive where the (lone lies. The antagonid then ftrikes, with a (lick, that part of the cloth where he fuppofes the (lone to bet and the chances being upon the whole, againft his hitting it, odds of all degrees, varying with the opinion of the dexterity of the parties, are laid on the occafion. Their manner of playing at bowls nearly rcfembles that of ours. They often cntenain themfclves with races be- tween boys and girls, on which they lay wagers with ^rcat fpirit. Wc faw a man bn the hands, extended over the head; andfome head and hands. The figures arc very neiily I, and accurately proportioned ; even the ani< f the fnufclea is well cxpreficd. r cloth is manufactured in the fame manner am :iety and Friendly Iflands. That which thcf to paint, is of a fire ig and thick texture, fcvc- I being beaten and incorporated together; afict hey cut it in breadths, two or three (cct wide, n paint it in a great variety of patterns, with guiarity and comprchcnfivencfs of defign, u extraordina^ portion of tafte and fancy. The fa with which the moft intricate patterns are con- it really aftonilhing, at they have no Itamps, he whole ii performed by the eye, with a piece KM cane dipped in paint t the nand being fup- by another piece of the fame fort of cane. Thn COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOyAGE-To the PACIFlToCEAN. 6cc. 607 They extraA their colours from the fame berries, and other vegetable articles, which arc made ufc of at Ota- hcite for this purpofc. The operation of fiaining or painting their cloth, is confinccl to the females, and is denominated kipparce. They always called our writing \)j this name. The young women would frequently (alee the pen from our hands, and fhew us that they were as well acquainted with the ufc of it as we our- felvcs i telling us, at the fame time, that our pens were inferior to theirs. They confidercd a manufcript (hect of paper as a piece of cloth (Iripcd after the mode of our country ; and it was with the greateft difficulty (hat we could make them underfiand that our figures contained a meaning in. them, which theirs was defii- tute of. Their mats they make of the leaves of the pandanus: and thefc, as well as their cloths, arc beautifully worked in various patterns, and Rained with divers colours. Some of them have a ground of (Iriw-colour, embellinied with green fpots ; others are of a pale green, fpotted with fquarcs, or rhomboids, of jd; and iome arc ornamented with elegant firipcs, ci> (her in firair or waved lines of red and brown. In this branch of manufiifture, whether we regard the finenefs, beauty, or firength, thefc iflanders may be faid to excel the whole world. Their filhing hooks are of various fizes and figures ; but thofc that are principally made ufc of are about two or three inches in length, and are formed in the (hape of a fmall fifh, fcrving as a bait, with a bunch of feathers faltcned to the head or tail. They nuke their hooks of bone, mother-of-pearl, or wood, pointed and barbed with little bones, or torioife-lhcll. Thofe with which they filh for (harks, arc very large, being, in general, of the length of fix or eight inches. Conlidering the materials of which thefc hooks are com- pofed, their ncatnefs and firength arc amazing; and, indeed, upon trial, we found them fupcrior to our own. Of the bark of the toota, or cloth-tree, neatly twifted, they form the line which they ufc for fifliing, for mak- ing nets, and for fomc other purpofes. It is of dif- ferent degrees of finenefs, and may be continued to any length. They have alfo a fort, made of the baik of a fliiub, named arccmah ; and the fincll is compo- frd of human hair: this lafi, however, is chiefly made ufi nf in the way of orn.imcnt. They likewile make cordii^e of .1 llrongcr kiiul, from cocoa-nut fibres, for the nt^i'ing of their canoes. Some of this, which was purchiird by ua tor our own ufc, was found to be well calculated for the fmalicr kinds of running rigging. Thfy alia manuf.idure another fort of cordage, which ii Rat, ami extremely fiioiig, and is principally ufed for the purpfe of lafiiing the rnoft of their houfes. This lall IS not twitted utter the uiaftner of the former fons, but is fctrmcd of the fiiuous firings of the coat of the cocoa-nut, plaited with the fingers, in the fame manner which is pradifed by our fcamen in making their points for the reefing of fails. Their gourds are applied to various domeftic purpo. fes. Thefc grow to iuch an enormous magnitude, that fomc of them will contain from ten to a* dozen gallons, in order to adapt them the better to their rcfpcdivc ufcs, they take care to give them different fliapes, by faflening bandages round tncm during their growth. Thus fomc of them arc in the form of a dilh, fcrving to hold their puddings, vegetables, and falted provifions; other* are ofa Ions cylindrical form, and ferve to contain their fifli- ing tackle t which two forts are furniflied with neat cloib coverj, made alfo of the gourd. Others are in the fliape of a long-necked bottle, and in thefc water is kept. They fcorc them frequently with a heated inftrumcnt, fo as to communicate to them the appearance of beinjg painted, in a great variety of elegant defigns. Their pant in which they make their fait, arc made of earth lined with clay, and are in gcaeral fix or eight feet fquare, and about two thirds ofa foot in depth. They are elevated on a bank of Hones, near the nigh-water- nurk, whence the fait water is conduflcd to the bottom of them, in trenches, out of which they are filled 1 and in a (hort time the fun performi the procefs of the eva- poration. The fait we met with at Oneeheow and .'Vtooi, during our flrli viflt, WM brownifl), and rather dirty; but that which we afterwards procured in Kara- kakooa Bay, was white, and of an excellent quality. Wc obtained an ample fupply of it, infomuch that, befidcs the quantity ufed by us in falling pork, we filled all our empty caflts with it. The warlike weapons of the inhabitants of thefc Iflands are daggers, which they call by the name of pa- hooa, fpears, flings, and clubs. The pahooa is made of a black, heavy wood, that refembles ebony. It is commonly from one to two feet in length, and has a firing parting through the handle, by which it is fuf- pcnded from the arm. The blade isfomewhat rounded in the middle : the fides arc ftiarp, and terminate in a point. This offenfivc weapon is intended forclofc en- gagements, and in the hands of the native! is a very de- ftruClivc one. Their fpears arc of two kinds, and are formed of hard wood, which, in its appearance, is not unlike mahogany. One fort is from fix to eight feet in length, well polilhed, and increafing gradually in thick- nds from the extremity till within the diftance of fix or fcven inches from the point, which tapers fuddenly, and has five or fix rows of barbs. It is probable that thefc arc ufed in the way of javelins. The other fort, with which the warriors we faw at Atooi and Owhyhee were chiefly armed, arc from 1 a to 15 feet in length, and in- ftcad of being barbcH, terminate towards the point, iir the manner of the daggers. Their flings are the fame with our common ones, except in this refped, that the ftone is lodged on matting, inftead of leather. Their clubs are formed indifl^erently of feveral kinds of wood ; they arc of various fizes and Ihapes, and of rude work- manfliip. The inhabitants of the Sandwich Iflands are divided into three clafliss. The Erees, or chiefs of each diflricfl-, are the firft j and oneof thefe is fuperior to the reft, who is called, at Owhyhee, Eree-raboo, and Erce-Moee, the firft name cxprefling his authority, and the latter iigni- fying that, in his prefence, all muft proftratc thcmfelves. Tholb of the fecond clals appear to enjoy a right of property, but have no authority. Thofc who coinpofc the third clafs, are called Towtows, or fervants, and have neither rank nor property. The fuperior power and diftinction of Terreeoboo, the Erec-tabooof Owhy- hee, was fufficiently evident from his reception at Kara- kakooa, on his firft arrival. The inhabitants all proftra- ted thcmfelves at the entrance of their houfes, and the canoes were tabooed, till he difchargcd the interdid. He was then juft returned from Mowee. an ifland he was con;>'nding for, in behalf of his fon, Tccwarro, whole wife was the only child of the king of that place, :igainll Taheeterrec, his furviving brother. In this expe- dition he was attended by many of his warriors ; but we could never learn whether they fervcd him as volunteers, or whether they held their rank and property under that tenure. That the fubordinate chiefs are tributary to him, is evidently proved in the inftance of Kaoo, which has been already related. Wc have alio obferved, that the two moft powerful chiefs of the Sandwich Iflands, arc Terrceolio and Pcrrccorannec ; the former being chief of Owhyhee, and the latter of Woahoo; all the imaller ifles being governed by one of thefe fove- reigns : Mowee was, at this time, claimed by Terreeo- boo, Tor his fon and intended fucccflbr; Atooi and Onee» heow being in the poirefTion of the grandfonsof Perreeo* rannee. Without entering into theeenealogyof the kings of Owhyhee and Mowee, it may be neceflary to men-, tion, that, when we were firft off Mowee, Terreeoboo and his warriors were there, to fupport the claims made by his wife, his fon, and his daughter-in-law ; and a battle had then been fought with the oppofitc party, in which Terreeoboo had been vidlorious. Matters, however, were afterwards compromifed t Taheeterrec was to have pofTeflion of the three neighbouring iflands, during his life I Teewarro to be acknowledged chief of Mowee, and to fuccecd to Owhyhee, on thcdeath of Terreeobooe together with the three iflands contiguous to Mowee, after the deceafc of Taheeterrec. Should Tccwarro, who has lately married his halffifter, die, and leave no iffiic behind him.thpfc iflands arc todcfccnd to Maiha* maiha, whom we have frequently mentioned, he being !■ ■mm t 'mi 608 Cailcnce towards them ; thimgh they put in pradtice thwir power over each nt).cr, in a mod tyrannical degree : which the two follov in^ indanccs will fully demonftrate. One of the lower order of chiefs having Ihewn great civility to the mafter of our (hip, when employed on the furvcy of Karakakooa Bay j Mr. King, (ome time afterwards, took him on board, and introduced him to Captain Cook, who engaged him to dine with us. While at tabic, Parcea entered, whofe countenance manifclled the highefl indignation at feeing our guell fo honourably entertained. He fcized him by the hair of his head, and would have dragged him out of the cabbin, if the Captain had not interfered. After much altercation, we could obtain no other indulgence (without quarrel- ling with Pareea) than, that our gueft Ihould be pcr- initted to remain in the cabbin, on condition that he feated himfclf on the floor, while Pareea occupied his place at the table. An indance fomewhat fimilar hap- pened when Terreeoboo came firft on board the Rcfolu- tion ; where Maiha-maiha, who attended the king, feeing Pareea upon deck, turned him mod ignominioufly out of the (hip ; even though wc knew Pareea to be a man of the (irft confequence in the ifland. Whether the lower clafs of people have their property fecured from the rapacity of the great, we cannot polTibl/ fay, but it appears to be well protedled againd theft and depreda- tion. All their plantations, their houfes, their hogs, and their doth, arc led unguarded, witho«.it fear or ap- preheniton of plunderers. In the plain country, they feparatc their poffelTions by walls; and. in the woods, where horfe plantains grow, they ufc white flags to dif- criminate property, in the fame manner at they do bunches of leave* at Otaheitc. Thcfc circumdances ftrongly indicate, that, where property is concerned, the power of the Erccs is not arbitrary, but fo far ii- tnited, as to afl'ord encouragement to the inferior or- ders to cultivate the foil, which they occupy didinA from each other. The information we obtained, rcfpf(fling the admi- niflration of judicc is very impcrfed. If a qiurrci arofe among the lower clafi of people, the matter Wu referred to fome chief for his deciUon. When an in- ferior chief had offended one of fuperior rank, hit pu- tiiflimeiit was di(flated by, and the refult of, the feelings of the fuperior at that moment. If the offender Ihould fortunately efcape the fird tranfports of the great man's rage, he perhaps found means, through the mediation of friends, to compound for his offence, by all, or a prt of his eiieds. As to the religion of thcfc people, it rcfembles that of the Society and Friendly Iflands. In common with each other, they all have their Morais, their Whattas, facred orations, hymns, and facrifices. Thcfc arc convincing proofs that their religious rices and tenets arc derived from the fame fource. The ceremonies here arc, indeed, longer, and more numerous than in the iflands above-men- tioned ; and though in all thefe places, the care and per- formance of their religious rices, is committed to a particular clafs of people ; yet wc had never fpund regular focitty of priefts, till we arrived at Kakocu in Karakakooa Bay. Orono was the title given to'ih, principal of this order; a title which fecnicd to imui, fomething facretl in a high degree, and which almolirt. ceived adoration ia the pcrtbn of Omcc.ih. The pfi vilcge of holding the principal ofliccs in this order « doubtlcfs limited to certain families. Omecah, the Orono, was Kaao's fon, and Kaireekcea's nepht», Kaireekeea prclided in all religious Ceremonies at thi Moral, inthcabfcnccof his grandfather: it wasobfcrvcj •ikewife, that the fon of Omeeah, an infant of abouj the age ol five years, had always a number of attend. ants, and fuch other marks of didindlion and cdccm were flicwn him, as wc never obfervcd in any fimilar in. dances. Hence wc concluded, that his life was an olv jedl of much confequence, and that he would evciuuall» fuccced to the high dignity of his father. The tJiJc J Orono, wc have already obfcrved, was bcflowed on Cap. tain Cook ; and it n very certain, that they confidcrld us as a race of beings fujierior to theinfelvcj; (,{. quently repeatiiig that the great Eatoai lived in out country. The favourite little idol on the Moral, bf. fore which Captain Cook fell prodraic, Li called Koo! nooraekaiec, and is Tenecuboo's god, which thty fjjd relidcd alfo among us. An alnioll infinite variety of thefe images were to be fcen, both on the Morals, md about their houfes, on which they bedow ditttrcnt names ; but they certainly were held in very little clli. maticni from their contemptuous exprcllioiw »i,q, fpeaking of, or to them, and from their cxpoling thtn, to fale for mere trifles ; though they generally had one particular figure in high favour, to which, while it con- tinued a favourite, all their adoration was addrcircd. They arrayed it in red cloth, beat their drums, ud chanted hymns before it t placed bunches of red feaihcn and diderent vegetables at iu feet ; and frequently ex.* poicd a pig or a dog, to rot on the Whatta, near which it was placed. In a bay to the fouthward of Karilu. kooa, a party of us were conducted to a Urge houfc, m which we faw the figure of a black man, rclting on hi$ toes and fingers, and his head inclined backward : the limbs were well proportioned, and the whole wai btju. tifully polifhcd. This figure was called Mace ; round which thirteen others were placeil, with (hapes rude and didortcd. I'hcfc, wc were told, were the Katooj «( deceafed chiefs, whofe nanirs they repeated. Numlxn of Whatta's were fcen within this place, with iht rt. mains of offerings on many of them. They alio have in their habitations many UkIickhm and obfcene repre- fcntations by idols, not unlike the I'riapus of the an- cients. Former navigators have remarked, that ihe Society and Friendly lllanders pay adoration to parti- cular birds, and it fccms to be a cuflom prevalent in thefe iflands : ravens may here, perhaps, oe objcdt of wor(hip ; for Mr. King law two of thefe birds pcrfecUy tame, and was told they were Eatooas : that gentlonin offered feveral articles for them, which were all re- fufed I and lie was particularly cautioned not to offend, or hurt thcm^ Anwng their religious ccremonir* nuy be clafled the prayers ami offerings made Ity their pridlt before their meali. As they always drink ava beloce they begin a repaft, while that ia chewing, the fuperior in rank oegiiw a fort of hymn, in which he is foon after joined by one or more of the company { the bodies of the others are put in motion, and theirhands arc clapped together in concert with the fingcn. The ava being ready, cups of it arc prefented tothofc who do not join in the hymn, which arc held in their hands till it ii con- cluded ; when, with united voice, they make a loud n- fix)nfe, and drink their ava. The performers are then fcrvcd with fome of it, which they drink, after the fane ceremony has iKcn repeated. And, if any perfon of a fuperior rank flxMild be prefent, a cup is prelinted to him lad of all ; who having chanted for a fhort iime, and hearing a icf|)onfc from others, he pours a fniili Siantitv on the ground, and drinks the rcll. A piece of c flcfii, which has been dreflijd, is then cut off, and together with fome of the vegetables, is placed at the foot of the figure of the Eatooa j and, after another hymn f Il'l ll COOK.'« THIRD ami' LAST VOYAGE-To^P PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. (ic9 hymn hai been chanted, they begin their meal. A ce- rcinonyi in many rcfpcds rcrembling tliis, i< alfo per- formed by the chiefs, when they drink ava between their regular meals. According to the accounts given 5v the natives, human facrifices are more common here than in any of the iflands we have vifited. They have fccourfc to thcfe horrid rites, on the commencement of a war, and previous to a battle, or any fignal enter- orlM.' The dcach of every chief demands an olfciing of one or more Towtowsi and ^c were informed not Icfs than ten were devoted to fuflfcr, on thedcceafeof Tcrrecoboo, the king. But the unhappy victims are totally unacquainted with their ordained fate j which i, to be attacked with large clubs, wherever they may happen to be ; and after tncy arc dead, are conveyed to the place where the fubfcquent rites are to be per- formed. I'his brings to our remembrance the (kulls of thofe who had been facrificcd on the deceafe of foinc principal chief, and were fixed to the Morai at Kakooa ; u which village we received further information on this fubjcfl ; for *« were (hewn a fmtll piece of ground, within a ftonc fence, which we were told was a Hcrc- ttre, or buiying-place of a chief. The perfon who gave us this information, pointing to one of the corners, jdded; and there lie the tan^ata and wahcene-taboo, or the man and woman who became facrifices at his fune- nl. The knocking out their fore teeth, nuy be w ith propriety claffcd anwng their religious culloms. Mod ^ the common people, and many of the chiefs, had loll one or more of tbem i and this, we undcrftood, was conftdercd as ? propitiatory facrificc to the Katooa, to tvert hii anger i and not like the cutting off part of the finger at the Friendly Iflands, to exprcfs the vio Icnce ofthcir grief at the deceafe of a friend. Concern- ing their opinions, refpeifting a future Hate, we had very dcfedive information. Enquiring of them, whither the dead were gone? wc were told, that the breath, which they fecmed to confider as the immortal part, was fled to the Eatooa. They feemed alfo to give » defcription of fomc place, which they fuppofe to be the ibode of the dead ; but we could not learn, that ihcy had any idea of rewards and punifliments. Here an explanation of the word Taboo may not be improperly introduced. On afking the rcafons of the inicrcourfe being intcdidted, between us and the iflan- ders, the day preceding Terrccoboo's arrival, wc were informed, that the Bay was tabooed. The fame inter- diction took place, by our dcfire, when wc interred the rcmaini of Captain Cook. The moft implicit obcili- ence, in thefe two inftances, was rendered by the na- lives; btit whether on religious principles, or in de- ference to civil authority, wc cannot pretend to deter- mine. The ground whereon our obfervatories were fixed, anJ the place whereon our marts were depofitcd, were tabooed, and the operation was equally efficacious. Thii confecration was performed by the priells only ; ind yet, at our requeft, the men ventured on the fpot which was tabooed ; whence it (hould feem they eoter- tiincd no religious apprthcnfions, their olwdience be- ing limited merely to our refufal. No inducements could bring the women near us( on account, it is pre- fumed, of the Morai adjoining ; which they arc, at all tinnei, prohibited from approaching; not only here, but in all the iflands of the fouth feas, women, it has been ob- fervcd, are always tabooed, or forbidden to eat certain tniclcs of food. We have fecn many of them, at their roeali, have their meat put into their mouths by other* i and, on our requefling to know the rcafon of it, wc were Informed that they were tabooed, and not per- mitted to feed thcmfelvet. This prohibition was aU wyj the corfcquence of alBfling at any funeral, touch- ing a dead body, atid ir cordingly, proceeding with us ; which being obferved by Omeah, he followed in a great rage, fcizcd her by the hair, and, with his fifls, began to inflid feverc corporal puniflimcnt. Having been the innocent caufe of this extraordinary treatment, wc were exceedingly concerned at it; though wc underflooci it would be highly im- proper for us to interfere between huiband and wife of luch fuperior rank. The natives, however, at length interpofed, and, the next day, we had the fatisfaclion of meeting them together, perfectly fatisficd with each other t befides, what was extremely lingular, the lady would not permit us to rally the huiband on his beha- viour, which we had an inclination todo; plainly telling us, that he had acted very properly. We had twice an opportunity, at Karakakooa Bay, of feeing a part of their luncral iitcs. Hearing of the death of an old chief, not far from our obfervatories, fomc of us rcfiaired to the place, where wc beheld a number of peofilc aflfemblcd. They were fcated round an area, fronting the houfe where thcdcceafcd lay; and a man, having on a red feathered cap, came to the door, coiillantly putting out his head, and making a mott la- mentable howl, accompanied with horrid grimaces, and violent diilortioni of the face. A large mat was after- wards fprcad upon the area, and thirteen women and two men, who came out of the houfc, fat down iifwn it in three equal rows; three of the women, and the two men being in front. The women had feathered ruft's on their nccka and hands, and their (houldcrs were de- corated with broad green leaves, curiuufly fcollopcd. Near a fmall hut, at one corner of this area, half a do. zen boys were placed, waving finall white banners, and taboo flicks, who would net permit us to approach them. Hence wc imagined, that the dead body waa depofited in the hut ; but wc were afterwards informed that it remained in the houfe, where the tricks were pUyingat thedoor by the man in the red cap. The com- pany fcated on the mat, lung a melancholy tune, accom- panied with a gentle motion of the arms and body. This having continued fomc time, they put themfelvcs in a poflure between kneeling and fitting, and their arms and bodies into a mofl rapid motion, keeping pace, at the fame rime, with the mulic. Thcfc lall exertions being too violent to continue, at intervals they had flower motions. An hour having pafTed in thcfc cere- monies, more mnti were fprcad upon the area, when the dead chief's widow, and three or four other elderly women ciiine out of the houfe with flow and folcmn pscci and, fcating themfelvcs beloi-c the company, be- gun to moan molt bitterly, in which they were joined by the three rows of women behind them; the two men appearing melancholy and pcniivc. They continued 7 P thus, ' I. • m. ., i/yf •!■:■: 6io Capt. C O O Ks yf^ Y A G E S C O M P L E T E. r; 'f IK : r (,. h ''r-ff with little vadation,till late in the evening, when we left them; and, at day-light, in the morning, the people were difperfcd, and every thing appeared perfeCHy quiet. We were then given to underflandi that the body was removed ; but we could not learn how it was difpofed of. While we were direding our enquiries lo this objedt, we were addrcfled by three women of rank, who fignified to us, that our prefence interrupted the performance of fome necelTary rites. Soon after we had left them, we heard their cries and lamentations; and, when we met them a few hours afterwards^ the lower parts of their faces were painted pcrfedly black. We had alfo an opportunity of obferving tlie ceremo- nies at the funeral of one of the ordinary clals. Hear. ing fome mournful cries, iflumg from a miferable hut, we entered it, and difcovercd two women, whom wc fuppofed to be mother and daughter, weeping over the bcdy of a man who had that moment expired. They firft covered the body with cloth: then lying down by it, they fprcad the cloth over themfelves, beginning a melancholy kind of fong, and repeating frequently Aweh mcdoaah! Aweh tancc! Oh my father ! Oh my hulband ! lo one corner of the iiut a younger daughter lay proHrnte on the ground, having fome black cloth fprcad over her, and repeating the fame expreflions. On our quitting this melancholy fcene, we found many of their neighbours collected together at the door, who were all pcrfcdiy filent, and attentive to their lamen- tarions. Mr. King was willing to have embraced this oppor. tunity of knowing in what manner the body would be difpofed of; and therefore, after being convinced that it was not removed till after he went to bed, he ordered the (entries to walk before the houfe, and if there were any appearance of removing the body, to acquaint him with H. The fcntries, however, were remits in the per- formmce of their duty, (or, before the morning, the body was taken away. On afliing, how it had been di({i.iri.d of, they pointed towards the fea, perhaps iliertby liulicatmg, that it had Ixen dcpolited in the deep, or that it had been conveyed to fome burying gi(H;nii beyond the bay. The place of mterment for the chief's, is the moral, or hcrec erccs, and tholi: who are facrificed on the occafion, arc buried by the (ij. them. The morai in which the chief was interr 1' who, after a fpirited redllance, had been killed in ts cave, is adorned with a hanginj^ of red cloth round ^ 1 laving thus laid before our readers a c ircumftantial a ' i comprchenfivc account of the whole group of rh Sandwich inands,we proceed to relate the traiifaitiQ '^ incidents and events, during our lecond Expcdiiion" ' the North, by the way of Kamrlchatka, and on our r'" turn home, by the way of ("anton, and the Cape 'f Good Hope, Irom March 1779, to Augurt i^gg. g it may not be amifs to clofc this chapter, with an s' ftradl of the aflronomical obfervations, which u made at the obfervatory in Karakakooa Bay, for T termining its latitude and longitudes ^o w^ichweflin add the latitude and longitude of the Sandwich IRand colledted into one point of view. The latitude of th'' obfervator>-, deduced from meridian icnithdinanccn f the fun, and fome particular f>ars, wc found to be deg. 2I min. N. and its longitude, deduced fromjl' fets of lunar obfervations, to be 204 deg. K. " The Latitude and Longitude of the SANDWirrj ISLANDS. '^" Owhyhcc ! Mowce J Morokinncc Tahoorowa Kanai - - Morotoi - ■ Woahoo - Atooi - - Oneeheow Oreehoua - Tatioora • The North-point South-point Laft-point Karakakooa Bay EalUpoint South-point Well-point South-point Weft-point . Anchoring-point 21 Wymoa Bay -21 Anchoring-placc 31 ----- 82 ----- 31 Lilltule itf min. 20 If) '9 «9 20 20 20 20 20 ao 21 •7 54 34 28 5° 34 54 :J9 38 4 woul^ h*ve made them fenfible of the ne. cciTity o( paying fome attention to thcfc matters ; but if fuch redcdions ever occurred to them, the impref- fion was fo tranfient, that, upon returning to the iro- nical climates, their fur jackets, and the red of their clothes, adapted to a cold country, were kicked about the decks as things of no values though it was known in both fliips> tlii>t ^c were to tnake another voyage to- ttardsthc pole. They were, ofcourfe, picked up by the officers ; and, being put into calks, reftored about this time to the owners. In the afternoon of Wcdnef- daVi i^' ?'''♦ *^ obfervcd fome of the fheathing Hoat- l^g'bythcfbip; and, on examination, found that 12 or J fjtt had been wafhcd off from under the larboard- bonf, where the leak wasfuppofed to have beenj which, cvcr'flnt-C leaving the Sandwich lilands, had kept our people almoll conftantly at the pumps, making 12 iKhes wa":r in an hour; but, as we had always been able to keep it under with the hand-pumps, it gave us nt) great uneaiincfs, till Tucfday, the 1 3th, when, about lix o'clock, F. M. we were greatly alarmed byafuddcn inundation, that deluged the whole fpice between decks. The water which had lodged in the coalhole, not finding a fullicicnt vent into the well, had forced up the platforms over it, and in a moment frt every thing afloat. Our fituation was now exceed- ingly diflrelTiiig ; nor did we perceive immediately any nicans of relief. At lall we thought of cutting a hole through the bulk- head that fcparatcd the coal-hole from the fore-hold, and, by that means, 10 nuke a paflagc for the body of water into the well. As loon as a natlage was made, the greatef\ part of the water emp- tied iilclf into the well, and enabled us to get out the fcft in buckets: but the leak was now fo much in- crcafed, that we were obliged to keep one half of our people pumping and bailing conftantly, till the noon of Thurlilay, the 1 5th. Our men bore, with great chear- fulnefs, this excefUvc fatigue, which was much in- crcafed by their having nu dry place to ileep in ; on «hich account they had their lull allowance of grog. OnThurfday, the 22nd, the cold was exceedingly fe- vcrci and the roi)es were fo frozen, that it was with dif- Sculty they could be forced through the blocks. On Friday, the 2j.1, in latitude 52 deg. 9 mm. longitude 160 deg. 7 mm. we faw mountains covered with I'now, and a high conical rock, diflant about four leagues; and Toon after this impeffedt view uc were enveloped in a thick fog. According to our maps, wc were now but 8 leagues from the entrance of A wailka Bay ; there- fore when the weather cleared up, wc flood into take a nearer furvey of the country. A mofl difmal and dreiiy profped prefented itfcif. The coaft is (Iraight, and uniform, without bays or inlets. From the (bore, the ground rifesi in moderate hills, and behind them are nngt'i of mountains, whofc fummits penetrate the clouds. The whole was covered with fnow, except the fides of fume cliffs which rofe perpendicularly from the fca. The wind blew ftrong from the N. E. with hazy weather and fleet, from the 24th to the 18th. The (hip rcfcinblcd a complete mafs of ice; the fhrouds Ixing fo iucnilled with it, as to double their dimenfions in cir- cumference : in (horr, the experience of the oldcfl lea- nun among us had never met with fuch continued Ihovi'crs of fleet, and that extreme cold which wc had now to encounter. Soon after our departure from Karakakooa Bay. Captain Gierke was taken ill, and during this run, the lea was in general fo rough, and the Kefolution fo leaky, that the fail-makers had no place to repair the fails in, except the Captain's apart- ments, which in his declining Hate of health, was a fe- rious inconvenience to him. At thi'! time the incle- mency of the weather, the difRculty of working our fhips, and the incefTant duty required at the uumps, rendered the (crvice intolerable to the crew, lome of whom were much frod bitten, and others were confined with colds. Sunday, the 25th, we were favoured with a tranfient glince of the entrance of Awatflta Bay 1 but, in the prcfcnc flate of the weather, we could not prefumc to venture into it. For this reafon we again flood off, when we loll fight of the Difcovery ; but this gave us littla concern, being now fo near the place of rendezvous. Wcdncfday, the 28th, in the morning, the weather cleared up, and we had a fine day, when our men were employed in taking the ice from the rigging, (,iils, ike. that in cafe of a thaw, which was now expcvLcd, ic might not fall on our heads. At noon, in latitude 52 deg. 44 min. lonj^itude 159 deg. the entrance of Awatf- ka Bay, bore N. VV. The mouth of it opens in thedi- reion of N. N. W. On the S. fide, the land is mo- derately high, riling to the northward into a blulF- head. Three remarkable rocks lie in the channel between them, not far from the N. E. fide , and, on the op- pofitc fide, a fingle rock of conlidcrable (Ize. At three o'clock, P. M. we flood into the bay, with a fair wind from the fouthward, having from 22 to 7 fathoms foundings. There is a look-out houfe on the north- head, ufed as a light-houfe, when any of the KuHian fhips arc expeded upon the coafl. It had a flag.* flaff, but wc could not perceive any perfon there. Hav- ing palRd the mouth of the bay, which extends about four miles in length, a circular bafon prefented itfcif of about 25 miles in circumference; in this we an- chored about four o'clock ; fearing to run foul of a flioal mentioned by .Mullcr to lie in the channel. Great quantities of loofe ic< drifted with the tide in the mid- dle of the bay, but the fhores were blocked up with ir. Plenty of wild fowl, of various kinds, were feen ; alfo large flights of Greenland pigeons, together with ra- vens and eagles. We examined every corner of the bay, with our glafTcs, in order to difcern the town of St. Peter and St. Paul, which, from the accounts wc had received at Oonalalbka, we fuppofed to be a place of (Irength and confc(iucn>c. A'. 1. n;:th we difcovcrcd, to the N. E. foiae mifcrable log-hoaits, a.i 1 a few co- nical huts, amounting, in the whole, to about 30, which, from their fituation, notwithllaiiding all the re- fpccl wc wifhcd to entertain for a RulTian Oftrc", or I'own, wc concluded to be Pctropaulowflia. Iti ju-.iirc, however, to the hofpitable treatment we found here, it may not be amils to anticipate the reader's curiolity, by alluring him that our difappointmcnt proved, in the end, a matter of entertainment to us. In this wretched extremity of the earth, beyond conception barbarous and inhofpitable. out of the reach of civili- zation, bound and barricaded with ice, and covered with fuinmer fnow, we experienced the tenderefl feel- ings of humanity, joined to a noblenefs of mind, aiul elevation offentimcnt, which would have done honour to any clime and nation. On Sunday the 29th, in the morning, at day-light. Captain King was fent with the boats toexamine the bay, and to prcfent the letters to the Kuilian Commander, which he had brought from Oonalafhka. Having pro- ceeded as far as wc were able with the boats, we got upon the ice, which extended near half a mile from the fiiorc. The inhabitants had not yet feen either the fhip, or the boats; for even after we had got upon the ice, we could not perceive any figns of a living crea- ture in the town. We funk at every (lep almofl knee deep in the fnow. and though we found tolerable foot- ing at the bottom, yet the weak parts of the ice not be- ing difcoverable, we were conuantly cxpofed to the danger of breaking through it. This accident, at laft, adually happened to Captain Kingi who (lepping on quickly over a fufpicious fpot, in order to prefs with lefs weight upon it, he came upon a fecond before he could flop himfelf, which bioke under him, and in he fell. I'ortunatcly he rofe clear of the ice ; and a man who was a little way behind with a boat hook, throwing it out, the Captain, by that means, was enabled to get upon firm ice again. The nearer wc approached the fliore, we found the ice dill more broken. The fight of a fledge advancing towards us, however, afforded fome comfort. But infiead of coming to our relief, the driver ftopt fhort; and called out to us. Captain King immediately held up Ifmyloff's letters s in confcquence of which, the man turned about, and drove full fpecd back •1. ',' /till •I 'rMJ lis 6l2 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. m m fh • I' ^ ti^ . til 1 <- back again, followed with the execrations of fomc of our party. Unable to draw any conclufion from this unac- countable bcliaviour, wc llill proccfded towards the Oftrog, though with the grcatell circuuifpccUoni and, when at the diftance of alxiut a quarter of a mile from it, wc obferved a body- of armed men adv^ncing to meet us. To avoid giving them any alarm, and to prefervc the mott peaceable appearance, the Captain, and Mr. Webber, marched in front, and the men, who had boat-hooks m their hands, were ftationcd in the rear. The armed party coniilled of about 30 foldicrs, headed by a perfon with a cane in his hand. Within a few paces of us he halted, and drew up his men in martial order. Captain King prcfcntcd Ifmylott" 's let- ters to him, but in vain endeavoured to make him un- derhand that we were Englilh, and had brought thefc difpatches from Oonalalhka. After an attentive exa- mination of our perfons, he condufled us towards the village in folemn filencc, halting frequently his men,- and ordering them to perform different parts of their manual exercife; with a view, as wc fuppofed, to con- vince us, that if we fliould piefume u otter any vio- lence, we (hould have to deal with ihofe who knew how to defend themfclves. During the whole of this time, the Captain was in his wet clothes, (hivcring u ith cold ; yet he could not avoid being diverted with this mili- tary parade, though it was attended by an unfeafonable delay. Arrivirq^, at length, at the habitation of the commanding officer of the party, wc were uihered in t and, after giving orders to the military without doors, our hoft appeared, accompanied by the fecretary of the port. One of the letters from Ifmylott" was now opened, and the other fent exprefs to Uolcherctlk, a town on the weil ftde of Kamtfchatka, and the place of rcfidcnce of the RufTian Commander of this pro- vince. It appeared to us extraordinary, that the natives had not fecn the Refolution the preceding day when we call anchor, nor this morning, till our boats approached the ice. The firft fight of the ttiip, we underftood, had flruck them with a conlidcrable panic. The garrifun was put indantly under armsj two tield-picccs were placed before the Coinmander's houfct and powder, Ihot, and lighted matches, were all in rcadinefs. The oHicer who had condudlcd us to his, dwelling, was a fer- jeant, and alfo the Commander of the OUrog. After he had recovered from the alarm which our arrival had produced, the kindncfsand hofpitality of his behaviour was aflonifhing. His houlc, indeed, was intolerably hot, but remarkably neat and clean. After this CJipt. King had hit clothes changed, by putting on a com- pleat fuic of the ferjcani's, at his earned rcquefl, which was doubtlefs the bell he could procure; and, conlider- ing our vifit was uncxpeded, was ingcniouny con- ducted. To have made ibup and bouillie wouhl have required feme time; inlUad therefore of this, we had fomc cold beef fliced, with boiling water poured over it. The next courfe wa* a large roaflcd bird, the talle of which was mod delicious, though we were unac- quainted with its fpccics. Having eaten a part of this, it wasremuved, and fiOi was ferved up, dreflcd in two dif. licrcnt wiyt. Soon after which, the remainder of the bird appeared again in lavoury and fwect pates. Our liquor was what the Kuflians dillinguilh by the name of quafi, and was the moll indittercnt part of our enter- tainment. The ferjcant's wife ferved up fcvcra! of the diihes, and was not permitted to fit down at table with us. Our repall being finiflicd, during which our con- verfation was limited toa few bows, and other pcrfonal tokens of mutual rcfpedl, wc flrove to explain to our hoft the occalion of our vifit to this port. Probably, If- mylolf 's letters wc had delivered made him readily com- prehend our meaning t but as there was not a perfon in the place, who undcrllood any other languages than thole of Kulfia or Kamtfchatka, «rc found it extremely difficult to comprehend what he endeavoured to com- municate to us. Having fpent much uw. in our at- tempts to underftand each other, the fum of the intel- ligcncc we had received appeared to be, that though wc could not be I'upplied with provifion* or Aofci at thi* place, yet thofc anicles were to be procured in oreai plenty at Bolcheretfic. I'hat he doubted not, but th Commander would readily fupply ui with what ' wanted ; but that, till he received his orders, neither iT' nor any of the native* could even venture on board th' veflel. It being now time for us to depart, and as Mr' King's clothes were not yet dry, he had again recourfe to the ferjcant's benevolence, for his permillion tocarrv thofe on board which he had borrowed of him. Tim requell was chcarfully complied with, and a flcdw with five dogs and a driver, was inllantly provided fc' each of our party . This mode of conveyanceaffordcd hieh entertainment for the failors ; and they were deliehttd llill more, when they found that the two bbat-hooki had a fledge appropriated folely for their conveyance. Thrf Hedges are fo light, and fo admirably well conliruaM lor the purpofci intended, that they went fafely andei pcditiouily over the ice, and over parts of it which we Ihould have found extremely difficult to have palTcdon loot. On our return, the boats were towing the Refoin tion towards the village; and, at feven, we moored clofr to the ice; the entrance of the Bay bearing S. bvF and theOllrog N. diflantone mile and a half. On Fri day, the 30th, the calks and cables were taken to the quarter-deck, to lighten the vclTcl forward, and the cjr penters proceeded to Hop the leak which had occa lioned us fo much trouble. In the middle of the dai wc had fuch warm weather, that the ice began to break away very fall, and almoft choaked up the entrance of the bay. Several of our officers waited upon the fcricant who received them wiih great civility; and Captain Clerke fent him a prefcnt of two bottles of rum, thinjj. ing he could not fenJ him any thing more accepublc" In return, he received twenty line trouts, and fotne txi cellcnt fowls of the groufe kind. Though the BaJ fwarmed with ducks and Greenland pigeons, our fponl. men had no fuccefs j* for, being exceedingly fty, th(J could not kill any. ' ' On Saturvlay, the itt of May, in the morning, we faw our confort, the Difcovcry, Handing into the Bay a boat was immediately difpatched to her affiftancr and Ihe was moored in the afternoon clofc by the Refo! lution. On the 3d, in the morning, two ttcdgej havinif been ubTcrved to drive into the village, Mr. King wu ordered on Ihore, to learn whether an anfwcr was arriv. cd from the Commander of Kamtfchatka. The dif! tance from Bolcheretlk to St. Peter and St. Pwl'i ij I js Englilh miles. The difpatches were fent off in 1 (ledge, drawn by dogs, on the a9th, at noon, and n. turned with an anfwer early this morning; foihatthti performed a journey of 270 miles in little more than three days and a half. For the prefcnt, the return of the Commander's anfwer was concealed from us. While Mr. King was on fljore, his boat, and another belong. ing to the Difcovery, were 1 1 iid fall to the ice. In this fituation, the Difcovcry's launch was fent to their affillance, which foon partook of the fame fate : bui on the 4th, the floating ice was drifted away, by the wind changing, and the boats were fet at liberty, without fuC tainmg the fmallell damage. At 1 o o'clock A. M. fr- veral fledges having arrived at the edge of the ice, a boat was lent from the fltip to conduft thofe who were in them on board. One of them proved to be a Uuf. lian merchant from Bolcheretflc, wnofe name »aj Fc dofitfeh ; and the other a German, named Port, with difpatches from Major Bchm, Commander of Kamif- chatka, to Captain Clerke. Arriving at the edge of the ice, and feeing diftiniflly the magnitude of the Hiips, within 200 yards of them, they were exceedingly a- larnncd ; and before they ventured to embark, Hipu- latcd that two of our boat's crew fhould remain on Ihore, as hollagcs for their fafcty. It afterwarJi ap- fieared, for what reafoni wc could not conceive, that fmylotf, in hit letter to the Commander, had men. tioned our Ihips as two fmall trading velTels; and that the ferjeant, having feen them at a dilhnce only, had not rectified the millake. When they had arrived on board, we {terccived, by '.heir timid behaviour, that ihry entertained fomc very extraordinary apprehenfioiu. However, an uncommon degree of fatiifadlion was v^ * fible 'fk2- COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To ttw PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 6«a Able in their countenance*, when the German foand a Qcrfon among us, with whom he could entei' into con- Vfrfacion. ^r. Webber fpokc that language fluently, ind convinced them, though not without difficulty, that we vttt Cngliihmen and friend*. Mr. Port wat jfltroduccd to Captain Gierke, to whom he delivered (he Commander'! letter. It was written in the Ger- nian language, and merely complimental, giving him jnd his officers an invitation to Bolcherctfk. Mr. Port, at the fame time, acquainted him, that the Major Md conceived a very wron^ idea of the fize of the Ihips and of the fervice they were engaged in ; Ifmy- lolTin his letter, having rcprefented them as two fmall Mcquet-boats, and cautioned him to be on his guard, mlinuating, that he fufptrAcd us to be no better than njrJiM' *" confcqucncc oi' this letter, he faid, there had been various conjectures formed about us at Bol- fhtre''^' ^'•' *"'* '"''ch diverted with the fears and ippfchenfions of thei"e people; and tfpecialiy with an jccount given by Mr. I't'it, of the ferjeant'i extreme ciuiion the day bcforo. On feeing Mr. King and fome other i;entlemen come on (hare he concealed him and the Rullian merchant in the kitchen, to ^ive them an Opportunity of Itftening to our convcrfation with each other, in oidcr to difcovcr whether we were Englifhmen Being now enabled, by the aid of an interpreter, to (onvttlc with the Rulfians, our hrft enquiries were di- nclcd to the means of procurmg a fupply of frcfh pro- vifions and naval (lores; particularly the latter, for the ,^t of which we had been in great diftrefs. On en- quiry, it appcaretl, that the whole flock of live cattle, which the country about the Bay could furnifh, a- loounted only to two heifcrs) and thefc the ferjcant vtry readily promifed to fecurc for us. Our next ap- plicitions were made to the merchant, whofe terms for fcrving us wo^ ^ exorbitant that Captain Gierke thought it expedient to fend an exprefs to the Com- mandtr, to learn the price of ftorcs at Bolcheretdc. This determination being communicated to Mr. Port, he dirpitched a meireiiger to the Commander at Bnl- chtrciik, to icquaint him with our intentions, and to rtnwvc the fufpirions that had been entertained re- fpfClmp ihe purposes of our voyage. For the above fcivicc Mr. King was fucd ujwn, and ordered to prc- fttrelor fctting out the next day, together with Mr. Webber, who was to accompany him as interpreter. Thai day, and the next, however, the weather proved DO ilorniy for beginning a journey through fo dcfolatc tnd wild a country : but on Friday, the 7th of May, ihe weather became more favourable, and we fct out in, the ihips Umcs. early in the morning, in order to reach iheemranceof the Awatlka at high-water, on account of the fliotls at the mouth of that river. The country boats were to meet us here, to condudl us up the (Ircam. Captain Gore wu alfo added to our party, and «K wen: likewife accompanied by Mr. Port and the Ruffian mgrchant, withtwo ColFacks, having been pre- vmully furnilhrd with warm furred cloathingt a very wccnitry precauiion, as it began to fnow brilkly iinmc- diately after our fctting out. About eight o'clock we were flopped by ihof I water, within a mile of the mouth of the river 1 when fome Kamtfchadalcs took us and our baty^age, in fome fmall canoca, and conveyed us over a bank of fund, which the rapidity of the river had thrown up, and which, we were informed, was conti- muilyfliiliing. Havingpafl'cd this Ihhal, the water again deepened, and we were furnilhcd with a Commodious boat, refemhting a Norway yawl, to convey us up the river, together with canoes for the reception of our bag- gage. The breadth of the mouth of Awatlka is about « quarter of a mile, but it^mdually narrowed as we ad- vanced. Having proceeded a few miles, We pafled fe- vcral branches, many of which, wc were told, emptied thcmfelvet into other parts of the Bay } and that fome of thofe on the left ran into the Paraiounca river. For the tit^ 10 miles, the general direction of the river fatm the Bar, ii to the N. anc|^ afterwards it turns to the weft ward. Except this bend, UchieHypteferveat ftnit courfe 1 and flowt through a low flat country, to No. 75. the diftance of 30 miles from the fca. which is fubjcA to frequent inundations. Six men were employed in pufhing us on with long poles, three of them being at each end of the boat} and proceeded againfl the flream, at the rate of about three miles an hour. Our conduc- tors endured this fcvere labour for 10 hours; flopping only once, and that for a fhort fpace of time, to take a little rcfrelhmcnt. Having been informed at our firft fetting out, that wc could eafily reach Karatchin that night, we were greatly difappointed to find ourfelves 1 5 miles from that plaiJe at fun-fet. This was attri- buted to the delay in palling the flioals, both apthe en- trance of the river, and in many other placcsf Our men being exceedingly fatigued, and as the difBculty of navigating the river would have incrcafed by the darknefs of the night, wc declined all thoughts of pro- ceeding on our journey that evening : we therefore fixed upon a place that was tolerably well fheltered, and, clearing it of the fnow, erected a fmall marquee, which we had providentially taken with us 1 and, with the af- (iflance of a good fire, and fome excellent punch, paired the night agreeably. Our principal inconveni> ence was, the being obliged to keep at a confiderable diflancc from «* ■ fire; for as foon as it was lighecd,-it thawed every parted round it into an abfolute paddle. The Kamtl'chadales were extremely alert and expedi- tious in erc^ing our marquee, and cooking our provi- fioris ■, but we were much furprized at finding they had brought with them their utcnlils for making tea, conft* dering it as a mod intolerable hardfhip if they cannot, two or three times a day, regale themfelves with drink- ing tea. When day-light appeared, we proceeded on our journey, and, before wc had made much progrefs, were met by the Toion, or chief of Karatchin, who be- ing apprized of our coming, had provided c&noes that were better accommodated for navigating the higher parts of the river. A commodious vcfiel, (made by lafliing two canoes together) furniflied with fur cloaks, and lined with bear-fkins, was alfo procured for us. We now proceeded rapidly, the Toion's people being remarkably expert in this kind of bufinefs. At tcii we arrived at the Oflrog, named Karatchin, and the feat of his command, where wc were received by the Kamtf- chadalc men and women, and fome KulTtan fcrvants belonging to the merchant, Fcdofitch. They were all attired in their befl habiliments ; thofe of the women being gay and picafing, and conlifling of a loofc robe of white nankeen, gathered clofe round the neck, and faflened with a filk collar. A fhort jacket, without fleeves, was worn over this, confifling of different co- loured nankeens ; and they had petticoats made of a flight Chinefe filk. Their fhifts, which were alfo made of filk, had fleeves extending to the wrifls ; and their heads were bound with coloured filk handkerchiefs, which entirely concealed the hair of the married wo- men ; but the unmarried ones placed the handker- chief under the hair, permitting it to flow loofely dawn the (boulders. % The Oflrog of Karatchin is pteafantly fltuatcd on the flde of the river, and compofed of three log-houfes, nineteen balagans, or fummer habitations, and three jourts, which are houfes under ground. The Toion, to whofe dwelling we were then condudlcd, was a plain decent man, fprung from a Kuflian mother, and a Kamtfchadale father. His houfe, like all others in this country, conflfled of only two apartments. All the furniture in the outer room, was a long narrow table, with a bench round it; and the inner apartment, which was the kitchen, was alio very fcantily furniflied. Bur, the hearty welcome, and kind attention of our hoft,' amply compenfated for the poverty of his habitation. His wife, an excellent cook, ferved us with varioua forta of fifli and game, and different kinds of heath* berries, which had been preferved fince the laft year* Whilft we were dini.ng in this miferable hut, the gueflt of abfolute ftrangers, and at the extremity of the habit- fibie globe, a folitary half-worn pewter fpoon attraded our attentron. luform was fairiiliar to us, and the word London waa (lamped upon the back of it. it is impoflible to exprefs the anxiouf hopes, and tender re- f Q^ membrancei^ \ . >.« ■ 'r '-IT immt 6i4 Capt. COOKs VOYAGES COMPLETE. membrancc*. «hi» cifcumllance excite J m us. Thofc who have been Umg ablent Imm their native country, will readily conceive what incxprefTibie plcafure fuch tnrting incidents ca' ve. Wc had now quitico the river, and the next part of our journey was to be }xrformed on Ucdgcs j but the thaw had been fo great in the day-time, ai not to per- mit us to fet out, till the fnow was become hard and linn by the coldn.efs of the evening. Thii turnilhed us with an opportunity of walking about the villapc, which was the only place in this country, that we had fctn free from fnow. It was fituatcd on a Hat, of about a mile tnd an half in circuit. The leaves of the trees were jull budding, and the verdure was Urongly con- traftcd with the furrounding hills, which remained co- vered with fnow. The foil appearing to be capable of producing common vegetables, we were furprizcd to find that not a fpot of it was cultivated. Neither were the inhabitants pofTeflTed of cattle of any fort. In Ihort, their iituation, during the winter months, muft be wretched beyond conception. They were now remov- ing from their jourts to their balagans, which gave us an opportunity of obferving both thefc forts of habita- tions. The people invited us, very civilly, into their houfes ; chcarfuincfs und content were vifible in every countenance, to which the approaching change of fcalon might perhaps contribute. On returning to our boll's, fuppcr was prepared for us, confining of the fame ar- ticles which compofed our former repaft. When we had finilhcd our meal, we entertained the Toion and his wife with punch made of fomc of our fpirits; and Captain Gore, with his wonted generofity, made them fomc valuable pi -fcnts, after which, they retired to the kitchen, leaving us in the other rtwm ; on the benches of which wc fpread our bear-lkins, and fought a iittlc Kpofe; having firll fettled with our condudors, to pro- ceed on our journey, when the ground was judged to be in a fuitablc condition. The melancholy bowlings of the dogs awakened us about nine the fame evening. During the whoic time our baggage was lalhing upon the fledges, their horrid noife continued ( but, when they were yoked, and prepared for travelling, a chear- ful yelping fucccedcd, which ccafed the iniiant they marched off. Wc ihall here give cur readers an accu- rate dcfcription of a Hedge brought over by Captain King, and late in the polTcflion of rr Aftiton Lever. The length of the body is about four feet and an half, and the breadth one foot. It is made in the form of a crefcent, of light tough wood, faQcncd together with wicker work; and, among the principal jpcoplc, is ele- gantly ftaincd with red and blue ; the Irat being co- vered with furs or bcar-tkins. It has four legs, about two feet in height, refting on two long flat pieces of wood, of the breadth of five or fix inches, extending a foot beyond the body of the fledge, at each end. Thcfe turn up before, fomewhat like a Ikait, and arc fliod with the bone of fome fcaanimal. The carriage is or- namented a! the fore part with taflcis of coloured cloth, and leather thongs. It has a crofs bar, to which the haiTiefs is joined ; and links of iron, or fmall bells, are hanging to it, which, by the jingling, is fuppofed to encourage the dogs. They (eldom carry more than one pcrfon at a time, who fits alidc, with his feet on the lower nart of the fledge, having his baggage and pro- vifioni., in a bundle behind him. The ufual number of do^s employed in drawing this carriage is five ; four of them yoked two and two, and the other acting as leader. The reins, being faflened to the collar, in- fiead of the head, have no great command ; and are therefore ufuaily hung u' n the fledge t the driver de- pending principally on oir obedience to his voice. Great cart and attention are confequently ufcd in train- ing up the leader, which frequently becomes very va- luable on account of his (leadinefs and docility ; the fum of forty roubles (or ten pounds) being no unufual price for one of them. The rider has alfo a crooked flick, anfwering the purpofe both of whip and reins ; with which, by llriking in the Toow, he can regulate the fpccd of the dogs, or even flop them at his plcafure. 2 ■ . When they are inattentive to their duty, he often chaf tifci them by throwing it at them. The dexterity of the riders, in picking this flick up again, is very re markable, and is the mofl difficult manceuvre in ijj cxercile of their profcflion i nor is it, indeed, furprjiin» that they fliould be fliilful in a pracftice in which they are fo materially inierefted i for they afl'ured us, that if a driver Ihould happen to lofe his flick, the dogs im mediately difcovcr it ; and, unlels their leader is botji fleady and refolute, they will inftantly fet otffulj fp^yj and never flop till their flrength is exhauUed; or nil the carriage is ovcrt'jrned anddaflied to pieces, or hur ried down a precipice, when all are buried in the fnovr* The accounts of the fpeed of thefc animals, and of the hardthips and fatigues they fufl'er, would havcappe,rcd incredible, had they not bicnfupportedby thcgrcatdl authority. Wc ourfelvrs were uitncflcs of the extra. ordinary expedition with which the nielTcnRcr rei turned, who had been difpatched to Bolcheretik wiiji the news of our arrival at St. Peter and St. Paul'i though the fnow was exceedingly fott. The Governor of KamtfchaikaalFured us, that this journey wa:kd toarrivc at our journey's end the following day. Though Bolchere, cattle, and Hour, wc were diredcd to purchafe ; and informed him, that we intended to profccute our voyage about the 5th of June. After this, the convcrfation became more general, and it might naturally be fuppofed, that we were anxious to obtain Ibme intormation refpedting our native country. Having been three years alifcnt, wc entertained the moll flattering expectations of re- ceiving fome interelling intelligence from Major Behm : but wc were greatly dilappoirted, when he alFurcd us, rhat he could not communicite any intelligence of a much later date than that at' our quitting England. The commander, fuppofingwe might be fatigued, and delirous of repofe, begged leuve to conduct us to our lodgings, at atx)ut feven o'clock. It was ufclcfs to protcd againtl a compliment, to which wc had no other title than that of ticing llrangcrs. That alone, with this generous Livonian, was fuflicient to counterbalance every other confidcration. In going along, we pafTed two guard-houles, where the men weic under arms, in compliment to (.Captain Go~e, and were conducted to 4 neat decent houfe, which the Major had appointed for our relidencc, while wc continued at Kamtfchatka. Wc had two fentincis polled at our door, and a fer. jeant's guard in an adjoining houfe. Having difpofed of us in our apartments, the Major took his leave, pro- inifing to vifu us the next day. Wc were now at Ici- fure to difcover the conveniences which he had ampi/ provided for us. Our fellow traveller, Mr. Port, and a foldier, of a rank between that of a ferjcant and a corporal, (called a piilproperfckack) were fixed upon to be our male domeflics. We had alfo a hourekeepcr, and a cook, who were ordered to obey Mr. Port's di- rections indrefling us a fupper, after ihc Englilh mode of cookery. In the courfc of the evening, we were fa* voured with a numtier of civil mcllages, from the principal inhabitants of the town, politely obfcrving, that their attending to pay their refpects to us at that time, would add to our fatigues, but they would do thcmfclves that honour the next morning. Such atten- tion and politencfs in fo uncultivated and dcfolatc a country, formed a contrail highly in favour of its inha- bitants; and, in addition to their civility, at fun.fct, the ferjcant brought the report of his guard to Captain Gore. In the morning of the 13th, compliments were fenc la by the Major, Captain Shmaletl, atld the motl re- • " . . fpeftablc f»i yiii :;rt ia;,,mli ii :i"iiP ■'11 .^H;'" I M ii» 1616 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. ml » » iy rJ J . ' % ■■ il ii fpeftablc people of the town, from all whom we were honoured with vifits foon after. The two former hav- ing, after we had retired to reft, enquired of Mr. Port what articles we ftood in the grcateft need of on board the (hips J they infifted on our fliaring with their gar- rifon, in the fmall ftock of provifions they had then re- maining ; lamenting, at the fame time, that our arri- val fliould happen to be in that feafon of the year, when fcarcity reigned univerfally among them $ the floops from Okotflc not being yet arrived with their annual fupply. We thankfully accepted the liberal offer of theic hofpitable ftrangcrs ; on condition, however, that we (hould be made acquainted i.ith the price of the ar- ticles we received from them, that Captain Gierke might draw upon the Vidualiing Office, in London, for the amount. This was refufed in the moft pofitive terms ; and, though repeatedly urged, the Major al- ways ftoppcd us fliort, by fayins, that his miftrcfs would be highly gratified at his rendering every affiftancc in his power to the Englilh, who are her good friends andallies;andth;uitwouldgivcherapcculiarfatisfa(Sion to find, that, in fuch remote regions, her dominions hid affardcd any relief to vcfTcls engaged in fuch im- portant Cervices. He added, that he could not, there- fore, adl (o contrary to the principles of his Empri-fs, as to think of receiving any bills j but, if we intifted on it, we might give hnn a bare certificate of the articles he might ("apply us with, which he would tranfmit to the court of Kulfn, as evidence of having performed his duty. .Ml farther acknowledgments, continued he, inuft be fubinitted to the two courts; but you muft ex- cufe me from acceding to your propofal. This matter being adjulkJ, he rcqucftcd to be informed refpecling our private wants, fiying he (hould conlidcr it as offer- ing him an atVront, if we applied to any of the mer- chants, or had dealings with any other perlon except himfelf. Not having it in our power to make an adequate return for fuch fingular gcnerofity, he had only our thanks and admiration. At thii moment, Mr. King rccolledlcd, that C.iptain Gierke had fent by him a fct of the engravings to Captain Cook's fecond voyage, dc firing him to picfciu it, in his name, to the comman- der. Nothing could have been more acceptable to him than this prcfent, the Major being an cnthufiall in all matters relative to difcovcries. Captain Gierke had alio given Mr. King a difcrctionary power, of permit- ting the commander to fee a chart of the difcovcries made in the prcfent voyage; and, judginR from his fi- tuation and ddpolition of mind, that he would be highly gratified by fuch a communication; though, from motives of delicacy, he had only aked a few gene ral quedons on the fubjcd, Mr. King repofed in him that confidence, which his whole conduct fo jurtly me- rited. He felt this compliment as it was intended he fliould, and was (truck at beholding, in one view, the whole of that coall on the fide of Afia and America, which his countrymen had been fo long employed in acquiring an iinperfccl knowledge of. Except this mark of confidence, and the fet of copperplates al- ready mentioned, wc had nothing with us deferving of his acceptance; for it was hardly worth noticing, that M.'. King prevailed on his fon (who was quite a youth) to accept of a (ilver watch ; and contributed to his lit- tle daugntcr's happinefs, by prefcnting her with two pair of car-rings, of French pafle. He alfo gave Cap- tain Shmaletl'thc thermometer which he had ufed on his journey, when he engaged to keep a rcgiftcr of the temperature of the air f«r one whole year, and to tranf- mit it to Mr. Mullcr, with whom he was acquainted. This day wc dined at the commander's, who, ever (lu- dious to gratify our curiofity, had prepared variety of dilhet drcffed after the Rullian and Kamtfchadaic man- ner, bcfides a number of others in the Kngli(h (lyle. In the afternoon, we fook afurveyofthc town, and the Adjacent country. The (ituation of Bolchcretfk is in a low fwampy plain, extending to the fca of Okoifk, being about 40 miles in lenEtn, and of a confidcrable breadth. It liei north of llie Bulchoi-reki, (or great fiver) and on a peninfuia, which hai been feparatcd from the continent by a large canal, under the dirce tions of the prcfent commander ; which has add A ftrength to it as a fortrcfs, and rendered it much Icf fubjea to inundations. The depth of the river ly.' low the town, is from fix to eight feet, and the breadth about a quarter of a mile. At thediflance of 22 milr it empties itfelf into the fea of Okotfk, where it Is r' pable of admitting pretty large veffels. No com 'f any kind, is cultivated in this prt of the country; a,!) the Major affured us, that his was the only giirdcnth had been planted. In general, the earth was covered with fnow ; the pans which were free from it, were full of black turfy hillocks. Wc faw about 20 or jo tou and the commander had fix good horfes. Thefe and' their dogs, arc their only tame animals : being ubl!.;^ to keep a great number of the latter, they can rear onl fuch cattle as are a match for them in ftrength and fu/ For, during the whole of the fumrner feafon, thcdoi- arc turned loofe, to provide entirely for thcmfclvcs; afi are fometimes fo ravenous, that they will even ventun; to attack the bullocks. In Bolchcretfk the buildings are all in the fjm. fiylc ; they confiJt of logs of wood, and are thatchcj The Major's houfc is con(idcrably larger than the rcit and has three capacious rooms, neatly papered; bur the talc, which covered the windows, gave them 9 df agreeable and mean appearance. The town confifij ni low buildings, in ro«s of five or fix habitations each connected together by a p.iHagc extending the whole length of them 5 having the kitchen and (lore houfc on one fide, and the dwelling apartments on the oihcr There arc alfo barracks lor the Kuffi.m foldicrs and cof^ fucks ; a tolerable church ; a court-room; and, at the end of the town, a number of Balagans. The number of the inhabitants is between five and fix hundred. A handfome entertainment w.is given by the M.ijur^ ,;, . the evening, to which were invited all the rcfpectlwc I inhabitants of both fexes. The next day wc ntidcj priva.e application to Fedofitch, the merchant, m ot. dcr to pnrchafc fome tobaceo ; the failors having h(f„ without that favourite coiiiinodiry for upwards of j year. This, however, like other fimilir tranfa.iioRs came immediately to the knowledge of the conumn' dcr ; and, in a very (hort time after, wc were furpn/ivl to find four bags of tobacco in our houfc, each cuntain. ing upwards of lOO pounds; which the Major it. qucftcd might be prcfcnted to our failors, in hit name and that of the garrifon under his command. By the fame conveyance, wc received 20 loaves of fujrar, mt as many pounds of tea, w hich they requcflcd the offi. ccrs to accept of; as they undc;'..,,.,! that wewcrcalnioft dellitute of thofe articles. A prcfent was alfo fcnt bf Madame Ik hm, for Captain Gierke, w hich conlilUd of honey, butter, figs, rice, and other articles; accoiii,a. nicd with her belt wilhes, that, in his infirm (late, the; might prove fervicc'blc to him. We llrcnuoully en. deavourcd to oppofe this profufion of bounty, and »eie extremely anxious to rcfirain it; fully convinced ihii they wdre giving us almofl the whole (lock of their pa,-. rifon. Hut the anfwcr wc received from the Major, en thcfe occafions, generally was, That he had been imlii. trcfs himfrif, and he was Icnfible that wc mull now k in that fituation. The length of time, indeed, (incc«c had touched at any known port, appeared to them al- mofl incredible, and feeined to require the evidence of our maps, and other concurrent circumflanccs, to ob- tain their credit. Among the latter, we (liall mention a curious faCt, which Major fichm related tu us ihit morning, and which he faid he fliuuld not have known how to account tor, but for our arrival. Among the people of the north of Afia, it is well known, that the Tfchutfki only have maintained their independence, and refilltd all the etl'orta of the Kulliani tu reduce them. The lafl attempt was in 1750, and, after variciy of temporary advantages on each (ide, the Kulljan tot- cei retreated, after having loft their commanding oiii- ccr. The KufTiani afterwards removed their frontict fortrcfs, from the Anadyr to the Ingiga, a rivet which rum into the northern extremity of the fca of Okotflc, and gives iti name to a gulph, weft of that of Pen- ihinik. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 6x7 canal, under the dircc- »nd rendered it much Icf, c depth of the river h- ight feet, and the brMrf.i." tihediftanceof»2, »fOkotfk, where it S„' rgcveffels No corn, of .prt of the country, ',„ s was the only girdcnth, ral. the earth was covered 'crcfrcclromit, worcJ fawaboutjoorjocouj goodhorfej. Thefe, jJ le animals: being „b|i,,jj clatter, they can rear only them mftrength ami rJ lurnmcrfeafon, thcdop; itirclyforthcmrclvcs.anj lac they will even venture ngs arc all in the f,n,j wood, and are rhatchd rably larger than the rd' oms, neatly papered; but windows, gave them a df ice. ThetownconfiOi'of c or fix habitations each n.gc extending the uy; utchcnanJaorehoufco,, ipartments on the o^hcr leHufriiinfoidicrsandcof' 1 court-room j and. at the fBalagans. The number hvc and lix humlrcd. { s given by the M,,,,'^ ,, irivited alt the nf^a.n^ I he next day ttf nude j tch, the merchant, mor. o; the Tailors having b,fn modity for upwards ofj other (imilir tranfj.'iio.Tj lowledge of the conumn' nc alter, we were furpn/e,! inourhoufc,cachcuntam. J ; which the Major «. :o our failors, in hu name, er his command. By the cd 20 loaves o( I'ugar, a;, t :hi\\cy requf fted the offi. c-'!...JthatHcwcrcalii)oft \ prefcnt was a!(b fcm by Clcrke, which conlillid of other articles; accoiii,^i. It, in his infirm llatc, thcj lim. We Itrenuoudy en. ifulion of bounty, and *ete \ It ; fully convinced that ic whole (lock of thiir pa,-, ccived from the Major, in , That he h.ul been in dif. (ible that we mull now he h of time, indeed, finccMc ort, ap|K'arcd to them al- to require the evidence of ent circumllanccj, to ob- e latter, we Ihall mention Behm related to us ihii he Ihould not have knoHH 3ur arrival. Among the It is well known, that (he ined their independence, >f the Kullians to reduce n 1750, and, after variciy ach lidc, the Kuilian tot- lit their commanding olli. Ii removed their ftontiei the Ingiga, a river which lity nl the Tea of Okoiik, >h, wed of that of Pen- Ihiiilk. Ihinik- ^"^ ''^^ ^^y °^ °^^ arrival at Bolcheretlk, the nor had received dilpatches from this fort, acquaint, r hiiDi that a party of the Tfchutlki had arrived there, Maior had received dilpatches from this fort, accjuaint. '"^ii v<''u"""y offers of friendfhip and a tribute. That, }|king the Caufe of fo unexpedled an alteration in iheif fcntimenca, they had acquainted his people, that large Kufllan boats had viflted them, towards the nd of the preceding fummer; that they had been fliewn the greatcft kindnefs by the people who were in them, an^ '^"^ entered into a league of amity with •hein; ^^^ '^^'> '" confequencc of this, they came to the Kuilian fort, in order tc fettle a treaty upon ternu ^recat'le to both nations, i liis remarkable tale had ^ven rife to much fpcculation, both at Ingiginik and Ljchcretlk ; and muft have remained utterly unintel- ligible, had it not been elucidated by us. It was no linall fatisfa(ftion to us, to have thus (hewn the Ruf- fians, even by accident, the bcft method of colleding tri- bute, and extending their dominions; in hopes that the ,ood undcrdanding, which this event has produced, mjv rcfcue a brave people from fuch powerful invaders. This day being Friday, the 14th, we were engaged to jjne with Captain Shmalcff, who, in order to vary our aratifements, entertained us with an exhibition of danc- ine, in ^^'^ KuHlan and Kamtfchadale (lyle. It is im> nolfibleto convey an adequate idea of this uncouth ex- hibition. The figure of the Rullian dance, refcinbled thofcof our hornpipes, and conlilUd of one, two, or lour performers at a time. Their ftcps u civ; exceed- jujjlylhort and quick, tlieir feet being raiftd but a very liiile wiiy 'fof" ^^'^ ground ; their arms were hung down clofc 10 the fides, the body being kcp , the v*holc tune, ff(C\ ami immoveable, except when the pcrformtis palFcd each other, when the hand was fiiddeni) laiRd J^jh nn awkward motion. But, if the Riillia.? da.icc *w unmeaning and ridiculous, the Kamtlchad.ile was jnhnitciv more lb. The principal aim, in their pcr- f^fiiiana-s, is to reprefeiu the cluml\ -ellures of the bear, which the inhabitants of this co.iiitry have fte- qjent 0())Hirtunitics of obferving in vuno.is lituations. Todefcribe the awkward [xifturcs, exhibited on thele occilions, would appear tedious and u-iintereHing. In pneral, however, the body was l)owed, and ihe knees (cnt, whilll the arms were employed in imuaiing the nwtions of that awkward animal. iMuch time had bccnfpcnt in our journey to Bolcheretlk, and being informed that our return might, perhaps, Ix more dil- (iLult and tedious, we were obliged to acquaint the Major this evening, with our intention of departing the neit day. We could not think of leaving our new ac- quaintance without regret : and were agreeably fur- urized, when the Major promifcd to accompany us, if ^e would Itay but one day longer, lie told us, that he had made up his dilpatches, and rcligned the com- mand of Kamtfchaika to Captain Shmalctf ; having nude the neceiTiry preparations for his departure to Okotik, which was Ihortly to take place ; but that he jliould be happy in poltponing his journey, and attend- ing us 10 St. I'eter and St. Paul's, in order 10 be latis- Ikd, that nothing which could be done to fcrvc us, Ihould be omitted, lor the articles which Mr. King had given to the Major's children, he received, the next nMrniii^, a moll ina;',niliccnt Kamtfchadale drefs, fuch :ii ihc (HMKipal Toiuiu wear on ihe moll folemn occa- lions. I his habit, a.i v-'c were informed by Fedofitfch, uuiit have coll, at Icf.ll, i jo roubles. He alio, at the lame time, was prclcntcd with a handfome fable mull', as .1 prclcnt from his daughter. Saturday, the if,th,. we dined with the commander, t>hn, willing to give us an opportunity of feeing as much u$ we could of the manners and culloms of the (ouniry, invited all the principal inhabitants of the tuuii, to his houfe this cvenins. The drefTes of the Mointn were fplendid, after the Kamtfchadale manner. ta|itain SImuletr's lady, and the wives of the other nhi lis ot the garriion, were dreffed in a pretty tattc, partly in the Siberian, and partly in the European mode. Madame Behm, in particular, appeared in a grand Kiiio|K'an drefs. The richneU and variety of the filks worn by the women, as well as the lingularity of their drefs, was very ftriking : and the whole had the air of feme enchanted fcene. in the midft of the mofl dcfert and dreary country in the univctlc. The entertainments of this hight were dancing and lin^-ing. As we had fixed upon the next morning for our depar- ture, we retired early to our apartments, whcic three travellingdreffcs prcfented themfelves to our view, made after the Kamtfchadale mode, which had been provukd for us by the commander. He came to us himiilf foon after, to fee that proper care was taken in packiii!^ upourthings. We had, indeed, no inconiidcrable load. of baggage; for, cxclufive of his liberal prclcnts. Cap- tain Shmaleff, and feveral other individuals, llicwcd us many inllanccs of kindnefs and generolity. On the 1 6th, early in the morning, we were preparing lor our departure, when we were invited to take our Uave of Madame Behm, in our palTagc to the boats. Already impreircd with fentimcnts of the warmeft gratitude, for the benevolent and generous treatment we had re- ceived at Bolcheretlk, they were much heightened by the alfeding fcene which followed. On quitting our apartments, we (aw all the foldiers and colVucks of the garrifondrawnupononefidei and,on the other, were all the male inhabitants of the town, in their beft cloathing; the whole body of the people joining in a melancholy fong, which, we were inlormcd, it was ufual to ling on the departure of friends. Thus we marched till we ar- rivcd at the commander's houfe, preceded by the drums and mulic belonging to the garnlon. Here we were received by Madame Behm, accompanied by feveral ladies, habited in long filk cloaks, lined with furs of various colours ; forming a moll fplendid appearance. Having partook of fome refrcflmient which had been, provided for us, wc proceeded to the water-fide at- lendtd by the Udits, who joined with the rtll of the people in the fong ; and, having taken Ua e of Ma- d.iine Behm, ifttr alluring her that the fcnfc of the hof- pitality ol Bolcheretlk, would be indelible in our hearts, we were too much alleclcd not to halU-ii into the boats. At putting ( ff, we received three cheers, which wc im- mediately returned; and, on doubli'v :i point, where we lall beheld our li.vi.^uy -ntertaiiii.i„, tiiey ».,it added to our feelings, by a iarewd cheer! On our return, the ftreain was (ocxccedingly r;.pid, that, iiuiwithli. i.ding the utmoll exertions ot our conduiifors, wc did not .,.-- rive at the firfl vilLige, Opatchin, till the i7ih in the evening, which did not exceed the rate of 20 niilcs a day. On the lyth, wc reached Natchrekin, and crofltd the plain to Karatchm on the 20th. Ihc road w.is in much better order than when we pafled it betbie, as ic froze fmartly in the night of the 19th. Wc proceeded down the Awatlka river on Friday, thc2iil, and palFcd over the (hoals, at the entrance ot the bay, bclorc it was dark. During the whole of our journey, we were highly pleafed with the willingncfs and alacrity, with which the I'oions and the Kamtfchadales allillcd us at the ditterent ollrogs. On feeing the Major, joy ap- peared in every countenance; and they were much af- fected upon being informed that he would Ihortly leave them. A mcU'engcr had beendifpatched from Bolche- retlk to Captain Cicrkc, acquainting hin' with the na. ture of our reception; and that the M.^jor intended to accompany us on our return ; apprizing him, at the fame time, of the day he might expect us. Wc ob- ferved, with picafurc, as we approached the harbour, all our boats coming towards us. The men were all clean, and the olUccrs as well arrayed as their ward- robes would then permit them to be. The Major was ilruck at the healthy appearance of our luilors, and was furprized to fee that many of them had no other cover- ing than a (Iiirt and trowfers, though it aduall^' fnowed at that very inflnnt. Major Behm had exprelKd an in- clination to vifit the (liips before he landed ; but, being informed that Captain Clerke was extremely ill, he thought ic would be improper to diHurb him at lb late an hour; it being then after nine o'clock. Mr. King therefore attended him (o the ferjeant's houfe, and at- Itcrwards went on board to communicate to Captain 7 R . : Clctk^c. ri. ii « ■•Ji. 6i8 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. b:^ H- 1 '.'\U f '■kiA.^.kUH; h Gerkc what had happened at Bolcheretfk. He was much concerned to find that, during his abfence, that officer's heahh was conlidcrably impaired, inftcad of growing better, as we flattered ourfelvcs it might, from undifturbcd repofc in the harbour, and a milk and vc- S table diet. The next morning. Mr. King conducted E Major to the (hips j where he was received with every poflible mark of diftindion, and laluted with ij Sns. He was attended by the commander of a lluC n galliot, two merchants from Bolchcretlk, amaKcr of a (loop, and the pried of the village of Paracounca. Having viflted the Capuin, and taken a view of the two (hips, he returned to dine on board the Refolu- tion. . . the courfc of the afternoon, the curiofities which we had collected were (hewn him, and an alTort- menc of each article prefented to him by Captain Clerke. Here we cannot fupprcfs an indance of great g!nerofity and gratitude in our failors; who, being in> rmed of the hindfome prefent which had been made them by the Major, voluntarily requeued that their grog might be withheld, and their allowance of fpirits E relented to the garrifon of Bolcheretfk ; faying they new brandy was extremely fcarce in that country, the foldiers on (bore having otfcred four roubles a bottle for it. We could not but admire this extraordinary facrifice, knowing how much the failors felt, when abridged or deprived of their grog. Indeed, they never had that article withheld from them but in warm weather, that they misht enjoy a greater proportion when it was moft neceflary ; but this generous propo- lal would deprive them of it, even in the inclement feafon we had naturally to expcdt in our northern expe- dition. The officers, however, would not permit thi m to fuffer by their generofity, and fubftituted, in the loom of the fmall quantity of brandy, which the Ma- jor confented to accept, an equal quantity of rum. A dozen or two of Cape wine for Madame Behm, and fomc other trifling prefcnu which we were enabled to make, were accepted with great pohtenefs. Ihe to- bacco wu diftributed the next morning, among the crews of both vefTcls ; every man that chewed or fmoked tolvicco being allowed three pounds, and the others who did not, only one. We have already obfcrved that the Major had refigned the command of Kamtfchatka, and was fpeedily to repair to Pttcrftjurgh ; and he now ex- prefled hrs wiilingnefs to convey any difpatchcs we might chufe to commit to his care. Such an oppor- tunity was not to be negleded ; and Captain Clerke re- quelled him to take the charge of fomc papers relative to our vovage, to the Britifh Ambaflador at the Ruffian court. At firft, we intended to tranfmit only a con- cife journal of our proceedings t but, after nnature con- fideration, Captain Clerke was of opinion, that the whole account of our difcoveries might fafely be com- mitted to the care of a man, who had given the flrongelt proofs of probity and virtue. Confidering alfo, (hat a very hazardous part of the voyage was Hill to be per- formed, he refolved to fend, by him, the whole of Cap- tain Cook's journal { together with his own, from the death of that commander, till our vrivat at Kamtf- chatka i and alfo a chart of our difcoveries. Mr. Bayly and Mr. King alfo determined to fend an account of our proceedings to the board of longitude. From thei'e precautions, had any accident befallen us, the Admiralty would have become poffefled of the prin- cipal ftils of our voyage. It was farther refolved, that a fmaller packet (hould be difpatchcd (rom Okotik, which the Major fuppoTed would reach PeterJbuigh by December; and that he cxpcdcd to arrive there him- (clf in February or March. The Major was enter- aioed alternately in the two Alios, as well as we weK able, the three foltowing days. On Thurfday, the 35th, he departed, and was falutc _2ing quantity in their fcinc, that they were obliged to throw out a very confidcrable number, led the net |]^ld be broken to pieces t and the cargo they landed wai (till f° abundant, that, befides havmg a i'uflicicnt Hock for immediate ufe, they filled as many calks at tbty could conveniently fpare for fatting ; and, after fending on board the Kefolution a tolerable quantity fur ihc fame purpofc, they left behind fcvcral bulhels upon the beach. The ice and fnow now began rapidly todifappear, gid plenty of nettle-tops, celery, and wild garlick, were ■athcrcd for the u(c of the crews; which being boiled with portable foup and wheat, furniOicd them with an acclIcDtand faiutary breakfall; and with this they were every morning fupplied. The birch-trees were alio tap- n(d and the Tweet juice, of which they produced great ousntities, was conttantly mixed with the brandy aU |g„(dtothe men. On the i6th, a fmall bullock was killed, which the fcrjcant had procured for the thip's companies. Its weight was 371 pounds. It was fer'ved out to boih the crews for their Sunday's dinner, and M,a the firtt freflj beef which they had taftcd fince the dtpjriurc of our vefTels from the Cape of Good Hope, in December, 17761 a period of almoft two years and a lulf.l his evening John Mucintolh,r he carpenter's mate expired, after having been afflidted with a dyfentery ever fince«ehad leit the Sandwich lllci. He was a peaceable ind indullrious man, and greatly regretted by nis inelt- nuics. Though we was the fourth iKrfun that we had |jft by fKknefs during our voyage, he was the firlt who, from hii age and conflitution, could be faid to have had, on our felting out, an equal chanceof lite with the ltd of his companions. Watman was fuppofcd by us to be about 60 years old; and Roberts, and Mr. Ander- Ibn, from the decline which had manifeilly commenced before our departure from England, molt probably could not, under any circumftancet, have lived to a later period than they did. Captain Gierke's health continuing daily to decline, noiuiihllanding the faiutary change of diet which Kamtfchatka anordcd him, the prielt of Paratounca,as foon as he was informed of the weak ftatc he was in, fupplied him every day with milk, bread, fowls, and freih butter, though hit habitation was 16 milct from the harbour where our (hips vere (Rationed. On our arrival, the Rufllan hofpital, near the town of St. Peter and St. Paul, was in a very deplorable (tate. All the folJiers were, in a greater or lefs dcjjree, afflided with ihe fcurvy, many being in the laft iTage ot that difor- dcr. The reft of the Kulfian inhnbitantt were likewifc in a flmilar condition ; and we obferved, that our friend the ferjeanr, by drinking too freely of the fpiritt he had received from ut, had brought on himfcif, in the courfe of a few days, fcveral of the molt alarming fyropionu of that difcafe. Captain Gierke, delirous of relieving (hem from this lamentable (late, put them all under the care of our furgeons, and gave orders, that a fup. ply of four krout, and malt, lor wort, (hould be tur- niilKd for their uie. A furpriling alteration Toon took place in the figures of mod ot them t and their fpeedy recovery wis chiefly attributed to the effcds of the fwect wort. OnTiiclday, the iftof June, 250 poods, or 9,000 tiniiiids weight of rye flour, were brought on board the KiTnlutiun ; and the Difcovriy received a proportional uuantity. Wc wwc fupplied with this Hour from the llorcs of Pctropaulouika. The njcn were now put on their lull allowance of bread, which, from the time of cur leaving the rap<; of Good Hope, they had not been indul)(ed in. The fame day wc compleated our (tock of water, 65 tons having been conveyed on bpafdi Fri- 4 day, the 4th, we had frefh breezes, and heavy rains, fo that we were difa}H>ointed in our delign of dreffing the (hips, and obligee! to content ourfelves with firing 21 guns, in honour of his Majelfy's birth-day, and cele- brating it, in other refpcds, in the bcft manner wc could. Port, who, on account of his (kill in languages^ was left with us, partook, as well as the ferieant, (in the capacity of commandant of the place) of the entertain- ment of the day. 'ITie worthy pried of Paratounca, having been informed that it was the anniverfary of our Ibvcfeign's birth, gave likewifc a fumptuous feaft, at which (i;veralof our gentlemen wcreprefent, who were highly pleafed with their entertainment, of which dnn-' cing formed a part. On the 6th, 20 head of cattle ar- rived, having been fent us. by thedircdions of the com- mander, from the Verchnei Ollrog, which ftands on the river Kamtfchatka, at the diftaiiccof alinoft a hun- dred miles from this place. Thcfc cattle were of a mo- derate fize ; and, though the Kamtfchadales had been 17 days in driving them down to the harbour, were in good condition when they arrived. The four fucceed- ing days were employed in making preparations for putting to fca, and on Friday, the nth, about two o'clock in the morning, wc begun to unmoor. Before, however, we had got up oiie anchor, fo violent a gale fprung up from the N. E. that we thought proper to moor again, fuppofing, from the polition of the en- trance of the Bay, that the current of wind would, in ail probability, fct up the channel. The pinnace was difpatched to examine the paflage, and re- turned with intelligence, that the wind blew violently from the S. E. with a great fwell, fetting into the bay; (b that any attempt to get out to fea would have been attended with coiilideraole rifque. Mr. Port now took his leave of us, carrying with him the box containing the journals of our voyage, which Major Behra was to take charge of, and the packet that was to be forwarded by cxprels. On the 12th, the gale having abated, wc began unmooring again ; but, alter having broken the meirciigcr, and reeved a running purchafc with a fiK inch hauler, which likewifc broke three times, we were, at laft, under the necefTity of heaving a (tram at low water, and waiting (or the flowing ot the tide to raifc the anchor. This meafure fuccecded, though not w ith- out damaging the cable. About three o'clock ^ the afternoon, the bed bower was weighed, and wc fet fail ; but, at eight, the tide making againil us, and the wind being inconliderablc. wc anchored again in ten fathoms water, oil the mouth of Kakowina harbour: the Oftrog being at the diilance of between two and three miles, bearing N. by E. half E. the elevated rock on the welU em fldc of the patTage, bearing S. and the needle rocks, on the ealtern tide of the paflage, S. S. E. half E. On Sunday, the 1 3th, at lour o'clock, A. M. we got under way with the tide of ebb ; and, as there was a perfed calm, the boats were difptchrd a-head tor the purpofe of towing the fliips. About 10, a fouth-eaiterly wind Ipringing up, and the tide having turned, we were obliged to let go our anchors again, in (even fathoms ^ the Oflrog bearing N. half E. at the diiiance of a mile from the land that was neared to us; and the three needle rocks being in the diredion of S. half £. In the afternoon, Captain Gore and Lieutenant King land- ed on the call fide of the palFage, where they obierved, in twodiiVaent places, the remains otfpacious villages; and, on the tide of a hill, they faw an old ruined para- pet, with four or five eiiibrafures. It had guns mounted on it in Biering's time, as that navigator himlclf in- forms US; Ml', commanded the patfage up the mouth of the bay. Not far from this tpot, were the ruins of forie fubteriancous caverns, which our two gentlemen conjcdiired to have been magazines. About tix o'clo^ Ic P. M. we weighed anchor, with the ebb tide, and turned to windward ; but, two hours after, a thick lug coming on, we were under the ncceflity of bringing lu, our foundings not afl'ording us a futhcient direction tor (Peering betwixt feveral funken rockt, liiuatcd on each tide ot the paifage we were to maive. The next morn- ing, the log in tome degree difpcrling, we weighed at foonat the tide be^aii to ebb; and, there bcinj ht- tie 'r^^ ■ ■' # r-^' w m .:im i / i\ I: fit' , m #* £1 :#■';' 620 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. I'l :• "M i '-'v !: '{ : ^■'V':»*.,t»ufc&;| tic wind, the boats were fent a-head to tow- but, about 10 o'clock, both the wind and tide fet in fo ttrong from the fca, that we were once more obliged to call anchor, in 1 3 fathoms water, the high rock being at the dif- tance of lix furlongs, in the dircdion of W. one quarter S. We continued, during the remainder ol the day, in this fituation, the wind blowing (refli into the mouth of the bay. Towards the evening, the weather was extremely dark and cloudy with an unfettlcd wind. On the 15th, we were furprizid, before day-light, with a rumbling noilc, that reftmbted diftant thunder; and when the day appeared, we tound that the fides and decks of our Ihips were covered, near an inch thick, with a tine durt like emery. The air was at the fame time loaded and obfcurcd with this fubllancc ; and, to- wards the vole ano mountain, which Uands to the north- ward of the harbour, it was exceedingly thick and black, infonuu h that we were unable to diftinguifli the body of the hill. About 1 2 o'clock, and during the after- noon, the loudncfs of the cxplolions increafcd ; and they were fucccedcd by (howcrs of cinders, which, in gene- ral, were of the (izc ot peas, though many of thofc that were picked up from the deck were larger than a hazel nut. Several fmall (lones, which had undergone no al- teration from the aiftion of fire, fell with the cinders. in the evening we had dreadful claps of thunder, and vivid fl,ilhes of lightning, which, with the darkncfs of the (ky, and the fulphuicous fmell of the air, produced a very awful and tremendous ctfet't. Our diftance from the foot of the mountain was, at this time, about eight leagues. On the 1 6th, at day-break, we got up our an- chors, and rtood out of the bay ; but the wind falling, and the tide of ebb fettjng acrofs the plf.ige on the call- crn lliorc, wc were driven very near the three needle rocks, fituated on that fide of the entrance, and were under the necLfTity of hoifting out the boats, for the purpofe of towing the rtiim clear of them. At 12 o'clock, we were at the dilunc. of fix miles from the land : and our depth of water was 4} fathoms, over a bottom of fmall Hones, of the fame kmd with thofe which had fallen upon our decks, after the late erupt ion of the volcano. The coumiy had now a very different appearance from what it had on our firft arrival. The fnow, except what remained on the fummits of fome very lofty mountains, had vanifhcd ; and the fides of the hills, which abounded with wood in manyjparts, were covered with a beautiful verdure. As our Commander intended to keep in fight of the coall of Kamtfchatka, as much as the weather would allow, in order to after- tain its pofition, we continued to l\cer towards the N. N. E. with variable light winds, till Friday, the i8ih. The volcano was (till obferved to throw up immenfe volumes of Imoke; and we did not ftril^e ground with J so fathoms of Ime, at the dillance of 12 miles from the Iboie. This day the wind blew frcfh from the S. and the weather became lb thick and hazy, that it was imprudent to make any further attempts at prefcnt to keep in light of the land. However, that wc might be ready, whenever the fog fliould clear up, to refume our furvey, wc ran on in the direction of the coafV, (as re- prefcnted in the Hullian charts) and fired fignal guns for the Difcovcry to proceed on the fame courfc. At 1 1 o'clock, juft before we loft light of land, Checpoon- Ikoi NoCs, fo denominated by tne Ruflians, was at the difhince of fevcn or eight leagues, bearing N.N. K. On the 20th, at three o'clock in the morning, the weather beconung cliarcr, we Hood in towards the land; and, in the fp-ice of an hour afterwards, faw it a-head, cx- tcn.'.ing from N. W. to N. N. t. at the dillance ofabout five Iijl'ucs. The northern part we conjectured to be KronitlkJi Nofs ; its polition in the Hullian charts, nenriy agreeing with our reckoning in refpect to its la- iiiude, u hirh was 54 deg. 42 min. N. though, in point of loiigiiude, we iliUcred conlidcrably from tinem j for they place it 1 deg. ofitionof it, in the latitude of 59 deg. 30 min. and in the longitude of 167 deg. :6 mm, is rieht) could <.hen have been only 1 2 leagues Iromuij at wnich ditUnce, wc might cafily have difcerncd land of a moderate height. Our depth of water, at prcfem, was fo great, that we had no ground with 160 fathomi of line. The log dill continuing, prevented us Irom making a nearer approach to the land, and we llccrcJ E. by N. at five o'clock, which is a little more caflcrly than the llutiian charts reprcfcnt the trending of the I coalt ?»;r. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE-To the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 621 V-' 'km , , , . extendi Icninfula. As theciu[l ere uncertain with;c, laiikoi N'ois, u hi^h, jf] a project iiij^ point to! icrn limit of the 1 i-oaft from Olutorlkoi Nofs. The next day, a frefli uale blew from the S. W. which lafted till noon on the %h, when the weather clearing up. We fleered to the j^ «i'ith an intention of making the land. Our latitude, ,t this time, was 59 deg. 49 min. and our longitude lit Aeg. 43 min. Though wc faw fome fliags m the r.'otningi *hich are imagined never to fly far from the ijnd, yet there was no appearance of it during the vhole day- However, the next morning, about fix o'clock, we had fight of it towards the N. W. The coaft •ppW"' '" *^'"' "f " moderate elevation ; but inland, others were obferved confiderably higher. The fnow ly'"g '" P'chcs, and no wood being perceived, the land had a very barren afpcit. At nme o'clock, J were ten or eleven miles from the fliore, the fou- thcrn extreme bearing W. by S. about fix leagues dif- unt, beyond which the coaft fecmcd to incline to the \\',' This point being in the longitude of 174 deg. gniin- and in the latitude of 61 deg. 48 min. is fitu- jtfd, according to the Ruffian charts, near the mouth of the river Opiika. The northern extremity, at the fame time, bore N. by W. between which, and a hill bearing N. W. by W. quarter W. the coaft appeared to benJ towards the W. and form a deep bay. At the diftance of ^holit eight miles from the land we obferved a fttong rippling » and being under apprehenfions of niceiinR «ith foul ground, we made fail to the N. E. jlpnj, the coaft. On heaving the lead, wc found the depth of w.ntcr to be 24 fathoms, over a bottom of gra- vfl. We therefore concluded, that the appearance above-mentioned, was occafioncd by a tide, then run- ^InjT 10 the fouthwanl. .\t noon, the extremes of the land bMiing W. S. W. and N. N. E. we were abrcaft I of the low land, which, we now obferved, joined the I two points, where we had before expeded to difcover a deep bay. The coaft bends a little towards the W. and hasafmall inlet, which is, perhaps, the mouth of fome irtconlidcrable rivr. Our longitude was now 'VS.deg. 43 min. and our latitude 61 deg. ^6 min. During the afternoon, we continued our cduric along the coaft, which exhibited an appearance of fterility, and the hills rofe to a confiderable elevation inland, but the clouds on their tops prevented us from detoriiiiii- ing their height. About eight o'clock in the evening, fome of our people thought they faw land to the E. by N. upon which we flood to the fouthward of E. but ic proved to be nothing more than a fog bank. At mid- night, the extreme point bearing N. E. quarter E. wc conjedurcd that it was St. Thadeus's Nofs ; to the S. of which the land inclines towards the VV. forming a deep bight, wherein the river Katirka, according to the charts publiftied by the RufSans, is fituate. On Tuef- day the 29th, the weather was unfcttled, with the wind at the N. E. point. On the 30th, at noon, wc obferved in longitude 180 deg. andlatitude6i deg. 43 min. At this time, St. 1 hadeus's Nofs bore N. N. \V. at the diftance of 23 leagues; and beyond it we perceived the coaft extending almolt diredly N. The eafternmoft point of the Nofs is in the latitude of 62 deg. 50 min. and in the longitude of 179 deg. The land about it, from its being difcerned at fo great a diftance, may juftly be fuppoled 10 be of a confiderable height. Dur- ing this and the preceding day, we faw numbers of fca- horfes, whales, and feals ; alfo albatrofles, gulls, fca- parrots, guillemots, and other birdsi m* CHAP. XVIII. r;V Rif.'uiiin "«■•••' Di/ini'ry ronlimie their courfc to the north — Tfdmkot/ioi No/s dffmfd—tjlr of St. Lntvrtnce-^S'r^ht of lb: z:;' (O-llts cf Ajut aiul Ann-rid at the fume in/lant — Objlruflions from the tee — I'rititlrfs attempts to difcovrr a pnfa^e en ibejimericiinJidt—Tbepiali of Captain Clerke, ziilb refpeft to our future dc/ij^ns-~Altimpt, in vjiit, to paf the ne to the nortb-'xrfl— Critical filualioH of the Difioirry—Tbe damjg^s fu/Jainrd, after hirjiiij^ ayain been ohflruiled hy tiie i::--Opljir. Clerk' rfftlves, to the ^reat joy of ihcjbip'scmv, to return to the fouthward— 'Pafs Serdze Kamen— Proceed thrM::,b Beering's Strain — Renurb on the extent of tbe norlb-eajl coafl of Afta — Reafons far rejeiJin^ Midler i map — impr.iHicability of'aitcrib-eaji or norlb-zvefi paff age from the Ailanlie into the PaciHc Ocean — Tbe propifs maUt in 1778, tmpiired viitb (kit made in 1775; — Obfer nations on tbe Sea, Sea-CoaJIs, i^c. North of Bccrings Straits, ■ , OM Thiirfday, the ift of July 1779, at noon, Mr. Bligh, maftcr of the KcfoUition, found by ex- periment, that the (Lip ttiadc a courfc to the N. E. at the rate of abour half a mile in an holir: this he attri- buted to the ctfc^fl of a fouthcrly fwcll, rather than to that of any ciii'rcnr. The Wind towards the even- ing, frefhcning from the S. E. wc ftecrcd to the N. E. hy li. for the point that Bcering calls Tfchukotfkoi Nofs, which we had obferved on tne 4th of September the preceding year, at the fame time that we perceived, iiwir.lj the S. E. the 5fle of St. Laurence. This cape, and i .hadeus's Nofs, from the north-caftcrn and fnuth-wcftcm extremes of the cxtcnfive Gulph of Ana- dir, into the bottom of which the river of that name difchargcs itfclf, feparating, as it paffe<, the country of the Tlchiitlki from that of the Koriacs. On the 3d, at noon, we obferved in latitude ^3 (leg. 33 min. longi- tude 1% df}'. 45 min. Between twelve arid one, wc ddtricd thcTLhukotflioi Nofs, bearing N. half W. at Ihc diflancc of 13 or 1 4 leagues. .\t five in the after- noon, \>e faw the illand of St. Lawrence, in the di- rediontif F.. thrce-ijuartcrs N. and alfo another illand, which we imigincd was between St. Lawrence and Andcrfon's Illand, about tS tnilcs E; S. E. of the for- mer. As we had no certain kndwiedgeof this ifland, Captain Gierke was inclined tn have a ncaref view of it, and ituincdiately hauled the wind towards it: but it unfortunatily happened, that wc were unable to weather the Idc of St. Lawrence, and were therefore obliged to hear uj) again, and pafs them all to the leeward. The latitude of the Ifland of St. Lawrence, according to the mo(lacciir«tc obfcrvattons, it 63 deg. -47. min. and its No. 76. longitude is 188 deg. 15 mirt. This ifland, if its boundaries were at prefent within our view, is about three leagues in circumference. The northern part of It may be difcerned at the diftance of ten or a dozen leagues. As it has fome low land to the S. E. the ex- tent of which we could not perceive, Ibtne of us fup- pofcd, that it might perhaps be joined to the land to the caftward of it : wc were, however, prevented by the hazinefs of the weather, from afcertaining this circum- ftance, Thefc iftands, as well as the land adjoining to the Tfchukotlltoi Nofs, were covered with fnow, and prefented a moft difmal afpedt. About midnight, the I fie of St. Lawrence was five or fix miles diftant, bearing S. S. E. and our foundings were 18 fathoms. We were accompanied with fca fowl of varioi'i fortsi and obferved fome guillemots and fmall crcfted hawks. The weather continuing to thicken, wc loft fight of land till Monday the 5th, when wc had a view of it both to the N. E. and N. W. Our longitude, at this 'ime, was 1 89 deg. 14 min. and our latitude 65 deg. 24 min. As the iftands of St. Diomede, which arc litu- ated in Ucering's Strait, between the two continents of Afia and America, were determined by us the pre- ceding year to be in the latitude of 65 deg. 48 min. wc were at a lofs how to reconcile the land towards the N* E. with the pofition of thole iflands. Wc therefore ftood for the land till three o'clock in the afternoon, when wc were within the diftance of four miles from it, and difcovcring it to be two iftands, were pretty well convinced of their being the fame t but the hazinef* of the weather ftill Continuing, we, in order to be cer- tain, with rcfpeft to our fituation, ftood over to th* 7 s Ali«ti« \'A Jf MM ,:| J ' i I h' ' , "/■^-. (-» t ■ ,11 .. ■■'■ 'lij 'n .^ jl II Mi 622 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. '; '* II w AHatic coall, till about fcven o'clock in the evening ; at which time we had approached within two or three leagues of the caftern cape of that continent. The Cape is an elevated round head of li nd, and extends about live miles from N. to S. It forms a peninfula, which is conncdi-d with the continent by a narrow ifthmus of low land. It has a bold (horc ; and three lofty, detached, fpiral rocks, are feen otf its N. part. It was at prefcnt covered with fnow, and the beach en- compaflcd with ice. We were now convinced of our having been under the influence of a ilrong current fctting to the northward, which had occaiioned an error of twenty miles in our computation of the latitude at noon. At the time of our pafTing this Strait the lull year, we had experienced a (imilar etfcd. Having now afcertained our pofition, we ilecred N. by E. At ten o'clock in the evening, the weather clearing up, we faw, at the fame inftant, the remarkable peaked hill near Cape Prince of Wales, on the North American coaft, and the £all Cape of Afia, with the two iflands of St. Diomedc between them. In the courfe of this day, we fawr feveral large white gulls, and great num- bers of very fmall birds of the hawk kind. The beak of the latter was comprelTed, and large in proportion to the body of the bird : the colour was dark brown, or rather black, the breaft whttilh, and towards the ab- domen a reddifh brown hue was vifible. On the 6th, at twelve o'clock, our latitude was 67 dcg. and our longitude 191 dcg. 6 min. Having already pafl'cd many large maffes of ice, and obfcrvcJ that it adhered, in feveral places, to the (bore of the Afiatic continent, wc were not greatly furprifed when we fell in, about three o'clock, with an extenlive body of it. Hrctching towards the W. This appearance confiderably dil- couragcd our hopes of proceeding much further to the N. this year, than wc had done the preceding. There bcmg littlewind in the afternoon, the boats werehoifted out in purfuit of the fea-horfcs, great numbers of which were feen on the detached pieces of ice; but they re- turned without fuccefs : thcfe animals being extremely Ihy, and before our people could come within gun-lliot of them, always retreatedintothe water. Atfeveno'clock P. M. having hoifted in the boats, we flood on to the north-eaflward, with a frelh foutherly breeze, intend- ing to explore the American continent, between the la- titudes of 68 deg. and 69 dcg. which, on account of the foggy weather, wc had not an opportunity of ex- amining the lafl year. In this attempt we were partly difappointed again : for, on the 7th, about lix o'clock in the morning, we were (lopped by a large body of ice, ftretching from N. W. to S. E. but, not long after- wards, the horizon becoming clear, we had a view of (he American coafl, at the diftance of about ten leagues, cxtendmg from N. £. by E. to E. and lying between 68 deg. and 68 deg. so min. of northern latitude. The ice not lieing high, wcwerc enabled by the clearnefsof the weather to fee over a great extent of it. The whole exhibited a compadl folid furface, not in the lead thawed ; and feemed aifo to adhere to the land. Soon after, the weather becoming hazy, ue lott fight of the land ; and it being impollible to npproach nearer to it, we fleered to the N. N W. keeping the ice clofe on board ; and having, by noon, got round its weflern extremity, wc found that it trended nearly N. Our longitude, at this time, was 193 deg. 34 min. and our latitude 68 deg. 22 min. Wc proceeded along the edge of the ice, to the N. N. E. during the remainder of the day, palTing through many loo^ pieces which had been Irparated from the main body, and againfl which our veflTcIs were driven with great violence, not- withdanding our utmod caution. About eight in the cvetwng, we pafTed fome drift-wood: at midnight the wind veered to the N. W. and there were continued (howers of fnow and fleet. The thermometer had now fallen from 38 dcg. to 31 deg. On Thurfday, the 8th, at five o'clock, the wind (bifting more to the north- ward, we could continue no longer on the fame tack, by reafon of the ice, but were under the neceffity of flanding towards the W. Our depth of water, at this time, was 19 fathoms j from which, upon comparing 2 ''»*..>.i*aii5l; it with our remarks on the foundings in the pre ceding year, we inferred, that our prefent diDance froni the coall of America did not exceed fix or fevcn leaaue,. but our view was circumfcribed within a much nar' rower compafs, by a heavy fall of fnow. Our latitudf" at noon, was 69 deg. 21 min. and our longitude iqi deg. 42 min. At two o'cli^k P. M. the weather |^ came clearer, and we found ourfelvcs clofe to an »■ pnfe of ice, which, from the mad-head, wasdifcovcrcd to confid of very large compad bodies j united to wards the exterior edge, but, in the interior parti, fonJ pieces were obfcrved floating in vacant fpaces of the water : it extended from W. S. W. to N. E. by N We bore away towards the S. along the edge of it en dcavouring to get into clearer water; for the ft'ionj northerly winds had drifted down fuch numbers of loofe pieces, that we had been encompaffed with them for fome time, and were unable to prevent the Qijm from driking againd feveral of them. On the 9th » frelb gale blew from the N. N. W. accompanied with violent dmwers of fnow and fleet. We fleered W s W. and kept as near the main body of ice as we couV but had the misfortune to damage the cut- water anini) the drift pieces, and rub ofli* funic of the ftjeathingfton, the bows. The fliocks, indeed, which our .liipj ff. ceiveil, were frequently very fevere, and were attended with conliderable hazard. Our latitude, at noon, «ai 69 deg. 12 min. and our longitude i8ci deg. 5 min. We had now failed almod 40 leagues totheW.»loiij. the edge of the ice, without perceiving any opening, or a clear fea beyond it towards the N. no prolpecl thtrc- fore remained of making further progrels to thenonh- ward at prefcnt. For this reafon Captain Clerke d«tr! mined to bear away to S. by £. the only quarter which was clear, a> • to wait till the feafon was fomewhat more advanced, before he made any further atttmpu to penetrate through the ice. He propofed to emplw the intermediate time in furveying the bay of St. Law. rencc, and the coad fituate to the S. of it, as it would be a great fatisfadlion to have a harbour fo near, in cife of future damage from the quantity of ice in thde parts. We were alfo deflrous of pacing another viiit to the Tfchutflii ; and more particularly fincc tht accounts we had heard of them from Major Bchm. In confequence of this determination, we made fail to tlic fouthward, till the loth at noon, when we pafled con- fiderable quantities of drift ice, and a perfed calmfn- fued. The latitude, at this time, was 68 deg. i min. and the longitude 1 88 deg. 30 min. This morningtc faw feveral whales ; and in the afternoon, there being great numbers of fea-horfes on the pieces of ice that furrounded us, we hoided out the boats, and difpatched them in purfuit of thofc animals. Our people had pypre fuccefs on this occafton, than they had on the 6ih; for they returned with three large onci, and a young one, bcfides having killed or wounded feme othen. They were witnefTes of feveral driking inttancei of parental afl^edlion in thefc animals. All of them, on the approach of the boats towards the ice, took their young ones under their fins, and attempted to cfcapc with them into the fea. Some, whofe cubs were killdj or wounded, and left floating upon the furface of the water, rofe again, and carried them down, fomctima jud as our men were on the point of taking them into the boat t and could be traced bearing them to a con. liderable dillance through the water, which was Oained with their blood. They were afterwards obfervcd bringing them, at intervals, above the furface, ai if for air, and again jplunging under it, with a horrid bel. lowing. The female, in particular, whofe young one had been killed, and taken into the boat, became fofu- rious, that die even druck her two tuflcs through the bottom of the cutter. About eight o'clock in the evening, an eaderly breeze fprung up, with which we continued to deer to the fouthward ; and, at midnight, fell in with many extenfivc bodies of ice. VVc at- tempted to pudi through them under an eafy fail, that the diips might fudain no damage ; and wftcn we had proceeded a Tittle further towards the S. nothing »'»• vilible but a very large and compad mafi of i«, «• tending >'. i; A COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 623 long. 194 dcg. j4 min. Our foundings, at the fame time, were 23 fathoms; and the ice extended from N. to E. N. E. being about one league diftant. At one o'clock in the afternoon, obferving that we were clofc in with a firm united mafs of ice, (Irctching from E. to W. N. W. we tacked, and, the wind veering to the wcrtward, flood to the E. along the edge of it, till 1 1 in the evening. A very thick fog then coming on, and the depth of water decrcafing to 19 fathoms, we hauled our wind to the fouthward. About nine o'clock in the evening a white bear fwam clofe by the Difcovery -, it afterwards went towards the ice, on which were likcwife two others. The weather clearing up, at one in the inorning of Monday, the 19th, we bore away to the N. E. till two o'clock, when we were again fo completely embayed by the ice, that no opening remained, except to the fouthward ; to whicijquarter we therefore diredcd our courfe, and returned through a very fmooth water, with favourable weather, by the fame way wc had come in. Wc were unable to penetrate furthc towards the N. than at thistime, when our lat. was 70 dcg. 3 3 min. which was about five leagues (hort of the point towhicl. we had advanced the preceding fummer. We l\ood to the S. S. W. wiih light winds from the N. W. near the edge of the main body of ice, which was fituated on our left-hand, extending between us and the American coafl. At noon, our lat. was 70 dcg. 1 1 min. and our long. 196 deg. 1 5 min. and our foundings were 16 fathoms. We fuppofcd, from this circumllance, that the Icy Cape was at the diiiancc of only feven or eight leagues from us; but, though the weather was in general pretty clear, there was, at the fame time a hazinefs in the horizon ; fo that wc could not expcd to have an opportunity of feeing the cape. During the afternoon, two white bears appearing in the water, tome of our people immediately purfued them in the jolly-boat, and were fo fortunate as to kill them both. The larger one, which was, in all probability, the dam of the younger, being fhot firfl, the other would not leave it, though it might have cfcapcd with cafe on the ice, while the men were re-loading their mufquets ; but continued fwimming about, till after having been fcveral times fired upon, it was lliot dead. The length of the larger one, from the fnout to the end of the tail was feven feet two inches ; its circumference, near the fore legs, was four feet ten inches ; the height of the fhoulder was four feet three inches ; and the breadth of the forc-paw was ten inches. The weight of its four quarters was 436 pounds. The four quarters of the fmallell weighed 256 pounds. Thcl: animals furnifhcd us with fume good mealsof frefh meat. Their flelh, indeed, had a flrong tifhy tafle, but was infinitely fupcrior to that of the fea-horfc; which, however, our people were again perfuaded, with no great difficulty, to prefer to their faltcd provifions. On Tucfday, the 20th, at fix o'clock, A. M. a thick fog ariilng, we lofl light of the ice for the fpacc of two hours ; but, when the weather became clearer, wc again had a view of the main body to the S, S. E. and imme- diately hauled our wind, which was eailerly, towards ir, expcdting to make the American coafl to the S. £. which wc etfcdcd between 10 and 11 o'clock. The lat. at was 69 deg. 33 min. and the long. 194 deg. 53 tcndinp to the N. E. S. W. and S. E. as far as the eye could reach. This formidable obllacle prevented our vifiting 'he Tfchutfki; for no fpacc remamcd open, ex- cept back again to the northward. Wc therefore tacked, at three o'clork in the morning of the nth, and Ifood to that qua'*.!. The lat. at noon, was 67 deg. 49 min. jnd the long. 188 dcg. a-j min. On Monday, the 1 2th, we had light winds and hazy weather. On examining the current, we found it fet towards the N. W. at the rite of half a mile an hour. Wc continued our northerly courfe, witli > breeze from the S. and fair weather, till 10 o'clock in the morning of the 13th, when we again found ourfelvcs clofc in with a folid mats of ice, to which we could perceive no limits from the maft-head. This waian cflcdlual difcouragcmcnt to all our ho()es of pe- netrating further 5 which had been greatly railed, by our having now advanced almoR 10 leagues, through a fpice, which, on the 9th, had been found to be occupied by impenetrable ice. Our fituation, at this time, w.is nearly in the middle of the channel, betwixt the two continents; our lat. was 69 dcg. 37 min. and the main body of the ice extended from W. S. W. to E. N.E. In that part of the fea where wc now were, there was no probability of getting further to the north. Captain Clerke therefore detirmincd to make a final attempt on the coall of America, for Baffin's Bay, lince wc had found it pradicabic to advance the furthc(\ on this fide, in the preceding year. Wc accordingly, during the re- mainder of the day, worked to the windward, with a freft) breeze from the call. Wc obfervcd feveral fulmars, and arcfic gulls, and palFcd two trees, both of which fccmed to have lain a long time in the water. The larger one was, in length, ten or eleven feet, and in cir- cumference, about three, without cither the bark or branches. Wc continued our courfe to the callward on the 14th, with thick foggy weather. The next day, the wind blowing frefh from the well, and having, in fome meafure, difpcrfcd the fog, wc immediately fleer- ed to the north, in order to have a nearer view of the ice; aid wc were foon clofe in with it. It extended from N. N. W. to N. E. and was folid and compact: the ex- terior parts were ragged, and of various heights ; the in- ner furface was even; and, as wc fuppofcd, from 8 to 10 feet above the level of the fea. The weather becom- ing moderate during the rcll of the day, wc (haped our courfe according to the trending of the ice. which, in feveral places, formed deep bays. On Friday, the 16th, the wind frefhened, in the morning, and was accompa- nied with frequent and thick fhowirs of fnow. At eight o'clock in the forenoon, we had a flrong gale from the W. S. W. which brought us under doublcreefcd top- fails ! when, the weather in fome degree clearing up, we found ourfelvcs, as ic were embayed ; the ice having fuddenly taken a turn to the fouth caf\ward, and en- compaffmg us in one compad body, on all tides, but the fouth. In confequcnce of this, wc hauled our wind to the fouthward, being, at that time, in 26 fathoms wa- ter, and in the lat. of 70 dcg. 8 min. N. and, as wc ima- gined, at the diflance of ablaut 25 leagues from the A- merican coafl. At four in the afternoon, the Me in- creafing, we got the top-gallant-yards down upon the deck, furled the mizen top.fail, and clefc-rcefed the fore and main top-fails. About eight o'clock, finding that our foundings had decrcafed to 22 fathoms, which weconfidcred as an indication of our near approach to (he cuafl of America, we tacked and fleered to the northward. In the night wc had boiflcrous weather, attended with fnow ; but the next morning it was clear and moderate ; and, at eight o'clock, wc got the top- gallintyards acrofs, and bore away, with the wind flill at W. S. VV. Our lat. at noon, was 69 deg. 5 5 min. and our long. 194 deg. 30 min. The wind llackcned in the even- ing, and, about midnight, we had a calm. Alight breeze ariling from the E. N. E. at five in the morning of the 18th, wc continued our progrefs towards the N. with a view of regaining the ice as foon as polTiblc. We faw numbers of fca.parroti, and fmall iccbirds, and alfo many whales ; and palled feveral logs of drift-wood. The lit. at 12 o'clock, was 70 dcg. 26 min. and the noon, min. Our depth of water, at the fame time, was 19 fa- thoms. The land was at the diflance of eight or ten leagues, extending from S. by £. to S. S. W. half W. being the fame wc had fccn the preceding year ; but ic was, at prcfcnt, much more covered with fnow than at that time ; and the ice fccmed to adhere to the fliorc. We continued to fail in the afternoon, through a fea of loofe ice, and to fleer towards the land, as near as the wind, which blew from E. S. E. would permit. A thick fog came on at eight o'clock in the evening, and the wind abated. Oblerving a rippling in the water, we tried the current, and foUnd it let to the E. N. E. at the rate of a mile an hour: wc therefore refolved to fleer be- fore the wind, during the night, in order to flem it, and oppofc the large pieces of loofe ice, which were fetting us on towards the coafl. Our foundings, at midnight, were twenty fathoms. The next morning, at eight o'clock, the wind fKfltening, and the fog dilperfmg, we •gain tw ym y 621 Capt. C O O k's VOYAGES C O M P L E T K. mi 1 1 again had lijjht of the coaft of America to the fouth- calhvard, at the dillancc of nine or ten leagues, and hauled in for it ; but the ice in a iliort time cffedlualljr flopped our further projjrcfs on that fide, and wc were obliged to bear away towards the W. along the edge ot it. Our lat. at 1 2 was 69 deg. 34 min. our long, was 193 deg. ^nd our foundings were 24 fathoms. Acon- ncctcd Volid field of ice, thus baffling all our eftbrts to make a nearer approach to the land, and (as ti'c had fome reafon to imagine) adhering to it, wc relinquiflied all hopes of a N. E. paifage to Grcat-Uritain. Our Commander now finding it impolTiblc to advance fur- ther to the northward on the American coaft, and deeming it equally improbable, that fuch a prodigious quantity of icefliould bedilTolved by the few remaining weeks that would terminate the fummer, confidered it as the bcft ftep that could be taken, to trace the fea over to the coaft of Afia, and endeavour to find fome open- ing that would admit him further N. or fee what more could be done ujwn that coaft, where he hoped to meet with better fuccefs. In confcquencc of this determina- tion, we rtcercd \V. N. W. during the afternoon of the 2 1 ft of July, through a great quantity of loofc ice. About ten o'clock in the evening, difcovering the main body of ice through the fog, right a head, and very near us, and being unwilling to Hand to the fouthward, fo long as Mc could polfibly avoid it ; wc hauled our wind, which was caftcrly, and iindc fail to the N. but in the fpacc of an hour afterwards, finding that the weather became clearer, and that wo v*ere furrounded by a compact field of ice on all fides, except to the S. S. W. wc tacked, and ftccrcd in that diredion, for the purpofe of gcttmg clear of it. On the 22d, at noon, our lat. was 69 deg. JO min. and our long. 1 87 deg. 30 min. In the after- noon wc again came up with the 1 , which extending to the .\'. W. and S. W. obliged i., to proceed to the fouthward, in order to weather it. It may not here be jnipriiper to remark, that, fincc the 8th of July, we had iwKC traverfcd this fea, in lines almoft (Mrallel with the run wc had juft now made; that we were unable in the firll of th'uic traverfcs, to penetrate fo far N. by eight or ten leagues, as in the cond ; and that in the laft wc had again met wilh a connciltcd mafs of ice, generally about live leagues to the fouthward of its polition in the pre- ceding run. This makes it evident, that the large com- pact fields of ice, obftrved by us, were moveable, ordi- jninifhing j but, at the fame time, it docs not authorifc any expectation of advancing much farther, even in the mod favourable fcafons. About fcven o'clock in the evening, the weather being hazy, and no ice vifibic, wc made fail to the wcftward ; but, between eight and nine, thetiarc difpCrling, we found ourfclves in the midftof loofc ice, and very near the main body; wc therefore itood upon a wind, which was ftill callerty, and conti- nued to beat to windward during the night, hoping to weather the loofc pieces, which the wind drove down upon us in fuch quantities, that wc were in great danger of being blocked up by them. On Friday, the 23d, the clear water, in which wc (Ucrcd to and fro, did not ex- ceed .1 mile and a h.ilf, and was Icffening every moment. At length, after exerting our moftftrcnuous endeavours t* clear the loofe ice, wc were under ttie neccllity of forcing a pallhge to the S. which wc accompliftied be- tween fcven and eight, though not without fubjcding i!ic iliip to fome very fcvere fliocks. The Uilcovcry w.i; not fi) iucccfsful ; for, about 11 o'clock, when ftic had almoft got clear out, Ihc became fo entangled by llveral large pieces, that her progrcfs was ftoppcd, and llie immediately dropped to leeward, and fell, broadfidc lortmu!(,oniiiecdgcola confidcrablc body of icet and there beiii}^; an open fea to windward, the furf occafioned her to llrikc with violence upon it. This mafs, at length, either fo far bruke, or moved, as to give the crew an op- portunity '"• E- '^' fecond is, that the latitude otthc north-eaftcrnmoft extreme is (bmewhat to the fouth of 70 deg- N. With regard to the former, if fuch latKJ really exifts, it muft certainly be to the N. of the 69th deg. of latitude, where the diicovcries made inoor prefent voyage terminate. Wepropofe therefore in the firll place toinvefligate the probable diredtion of the coaft beyond this point. Now, KuHla being the only nation that has hitherto naviKated this part of the ocean, all our information rcfptilinp the pofuion of the coaft to the northward of Cape North, is derived from the journals and charts of ihc pfflbns who have been engaged, at different times, in dctf'niining the bound* of that cxtenfive empire, and ihefc arc, in general, (b confined, contradidory, and imptrct, that we cannot eafily form a diftind idea of ihtir prciinded, much lefs collcil the particulars, of their real dilVovrrits. On this account, the extent and liiTureot the)>cninfula, inhabited by theTfchutfki ftill rfflMin^t a point, on which the KuiTian Geographers jrtdividril greatly in their opinions. Mr. Muller, in the map whiflti he publilhed in 1754, fuppofcs that this country extends towards the N. E. as far as the latitude of 7; deg. and to the longitude of 190 deg. £. of Grrenwiiii; and that it ends ma round cape, which he dcnDininates 1 Ichukotflcoi Nofs. To thtf S. of this capf, I'le toaU, as he imagines, fonns a bay to the W. bounded in the latitude of 67 deg. 18 min. by Scrdzc Kamen, the iiioft northerly point obfervcd by Beering in his expedition in 1728. The map publilhed in 1776 b;' the academy of St. Pccerlburg, gives a new form to the whole pcninfula, placing its noith-callcrn- nwit extreme in the latitude of 73 deg. lonuitude 178 deg. 30 min. and the mofl cafterly point in latitude 65 deg. 30 min. longitude 189 deg. jo. min. All the other maps we have fcen, both manufcript and printed, vary hrtween thefe two, apparently more according to the fanry and conje£lurea ot the compiler, than on any groundi of more accurate intelligence. The only par- ticular in which there is a general, coincidence, w ith v(ry little variation, is the pofition of the Eaft Cape, in the latitude of 66 deg. The form of the coaft both to iheN. and 8. of the Eaft Cape, in the map of the aca- demy, is extremely erroneous, and may be entirely dif- regarded. In Mr. Muller's map, the coaft towards the N. has fome degree of refemblance to our furvey, as far as the latter extends, except that he does not make u trend fnllicicmly to the W. but makes it recede only about 5 deg. ot longitude, between the latitude of 66 and 64 deg. whereas it adtually recedes near ten. Be- tween the ijtitude of 69 and 74 deg. the coaft, accord- ing to him, binds round to the N. and N. E. and forms a Urge promontory. On what authority he grounds thii reprelintaiion of the coaft, comes ncx' under our conlidcration. Mr. Coxe, whofc accuratt refearches into this fub- jeit, give great weight to his fentimcnts, is of opinion, that the extremity of the Nofs in qucftion, was never No, 76. paired except by Dclhncff and his party, who failed in the year 1648, from the river Kovy ma, and arc ima- gined to have got round it into the .'Vnadyr. As the narrative of this cxpiV tion, the fubllancc of which has been given by Mr. C( -c, in his account of Ruffian dif- coveries, comprehends no geographical delineation of the coal! along which tht failed, our conjcdurd refpcdt- ing its politioii muft be derived from incidc.ital cir- cuinftances; and from thefe it evidently appears, that the I'fchukoifkoi Nols of Deflmeff, is, in reality, the promontory named by Captain Cook, the Eaft Cape. Spc.ikiiig of the Nofs, he fays, that a perfon may fail from the illhinus to the Anadyr, with a lavourablc wind, in three days and three nights. This perfectly agrees with the lituation of the Kail Cape, which is about I :o leagues from the mouth of the river Anadyr; and there being no other ifthmus to the N. between that and the latitude of 69 deg. it feetns evident, that, by ihis dcfcription, he certainly means either the Cape in queftion, or fome other fituated to the S. of it. He fays, in another place, that, oppolite to the ifthmus, there arc two iflands in the fea, upon which ve ob- fervcd fome of the Tfchutlki nation, in whofe lip.s pieces of the teeth of the fea-horfe were fixed. This delcription coincides exadly with the two iflands that lie to the S. E. of the Eall Cape. We obferved, in- deed, no inhabitants upon them ; but it is by no means improbable, that a party of Americans from the oppo- lite continent, whom this dcfcription fuits, might have been accidentally thereat that time, and he might eafily nriiftake them lor a tribe of the Tfchutlki. 1 hefc two circumftances leem to us to be conclulive on the point of the Tfchukotlkoi Nofs, though there arc others of a more dubious nature from the fame authority, and which now remain to be inveftigated. Dcflinctf, in another account, fays, that in going from the Kovyma to the Anadyr, a great promontory which projeds very tar into the fea, muft be doubled ; and that .his cape extends between N. and N. E. It was (Jcrhaps, from thefe expreflions. that Muller was induced to re- prefent the country of the Tfchutlki, in the form wc find in his map; but, if he had been acquainted with the pofttion of the Eaft Cape, as determined by Cap- tain Cook, and the ftriking agreement between that and the pronioniury or ifthmus, (for it muft be remarked, that Dclhneft' Rill appears to be fpcaking of the fame thing) in the circumftances above-mentioned, we arc confident that he would not have thought thofe tx- preftions of llilficient weight to authorifc his extending the north caftcrn extreme of Afia, either fo far to the N. or E. For thefe words of Dclhneft' may be recon- ciled with the opinion wc have adopted, if we fuppofe that navigator to have taken thefe bearings from the fmall bight lying to the VV. of the cape. The next au- thority, on which Muller has proceeded, fccms to have been the depofition of the CofTac Popotf, taken at the Anadirfkoi ottrog, in 1 7 1 1 . This CofTac was fcnt by land, in company with feveral others, to demand tri- bute from the independent Tfchutfki tribes, who inha- bited the parts about the Nofs. The firrt circumftaiice, in the narrative of this journey, that can tend to lead to the fituation of Tfchukotfkoi Nofs, is its diftancc from Anadirlk ; and this is reprefented as a journe'y of ten weeks, with loaded rein-deer; for which reafon, it is added, their day's journey was very inconfiderablc. We cannot, indeed, conclude much from fo vague an account, but as thediftance between the Eaft Cape and the Oftrog, exceeds aoo leagues in a dired line, and confequcntly may be fuppofed to allow 12 or 14 miles a day, its fituation is not incompatible with PopolV's calculation. Another circumftance ftatcd in this de- pofition is, that their route lay at the foot of a rr ck, named Matkol, fituate at the bottom of a fp< .luus' gulph. I'his gulph Muller conjcdures to be the bay he had laid do*n between the Ihtitudcs of 66 dep, and ' 71 deg. and he accordingly places the rock Matkul in (he center of it ; but it appears to be more probable, ' that it might be a part of the Gulph ot Anadyr, which they would doubttefs touch upon iii their journey ftuin the Oftrog to the Eaft Cape. What feelns, however, to w 7 T put M ' ■ t:l 626 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. fr: ^i put ihis point beyond all difputc, and to prove that the Cape which I'opoff vilited taiinot be to the northward of the latitude of 6g deg. ij that part of hii dcpolition which relates to an ifland lying off the Nofj, from whence the oppofite continent might be difcerncd. For, as the two continents, in latitude 69 deg. diverge fo far as to be upwards of lOO leagues diHant, it is ccr- tjinly very improbable, that the coall of Afia fliould again trend in fuch a manner to the E. as to come a!- ntoft withm fi^-ht of the American coaft. If thcfe ar- guments are allowed to be concUilive againl^ the form and extent of the pcninfula of the Tfchutlki, it mull be evident that the Ea(l Cape i.h the Tfchukotlkoi of the earlier RulTian navigators : we fay earlier, bctaufc Beering. and, after him, the late RuHian geoi^raphers, have affixed this appellation to the S. K. cape of the pc- ninfula of the Tlchutlki, which was formerly difiin- guithcd by the name of the Anadirfkoi Nofs: and, confequcntly, hence it will follow, that the undcfcribed coaft, extending from the latitude of 69 dig. to the mouth of the Kovyma, muft trend more or Icfs to- wards the W. As an additional proof of this, wc may obfcrve, that the Tfchukoilkoi Nofs isconftantly laid down as dividing the fea of Kovyma from that of Anadyr, which we think could nor pofllbly be, if any large cape had projected to the N. l-i. in the more ad- vanced latitudes. Another qucllion arifinp on this point is, to what (iegree of northern latitude this coall extends, before it mclines more immediately to the W. If the 00- fition of the mouth of the Kovyma, both with regard to its latitude and longituiJc, were alccrtaincd accurately, it might perhaps be eafy to form a plauliblc conjedurc on this head. Captain Cook was always ftrongly in- duced to believe, that the northern coaft of Alia, from the Indigirka caftward, has hitherto been ufually laid down above two degrees to the northward of its true fituation : and he has therefore, on the authority of a map that was in his poircfTion, and on the intelligence which he received at Oonalaflika, placed the mouth of the Kovyma, in his chart of the N. £. coaft of Alia, and the N. W. coaft of America, in the latitude of 68 dcg. Should the Captain be right in this conjcdure, it IS probable, for the reafons we have already ftated, that the cuaft of Afla does not, in any part, exceed 70 deg. before it trends towards the W. and confequcntly, that we weie within one degree of its north-eaftem ex- tremity. For if the continent be imagined to extend any where to the north of Shclatfkoi Nofs, it can fcarccty be fuppofcd that fuch an intcrefting circumftancc would have been omitted by the Kuman navigators, who mention no remarkable promontory between the Anadyr and the Kovyma, except the Eall Cape. Ano- ther particular, which Defhnen" relates, may, perhaps, be deemed a farther confirmation of this opinion, namely, that he met with no obftrudtion from ice in failing round the iiorth-raftern extremity of Afia i though he adds, that this fea is not, at all times, fo free from it ; as indeed appears evidently from his not fuc- cccding in his hrft expedition, and, fmce that, from the failure of .Shalaurofl'. as well as from the interrup- tions and impediments wc met with, in two fuccefliv; years, in our prefent voyage. That part of the con- tinent between Cape North, and the mouth of the Ko- vyma, is 125 leagues in longitudinal extent. About a third of this diftance from the Kovyma, caftward, was explored in 1723, by Fedot AmofTof}", a Sinbojar- fkoi of Jakuts, who informed Mr. Mullcr, that its diredtiun waseafterly. Since that time, it has been fur- veyed. with fomc degree of accuracy, by Shalauroff, whole chart makes it trend to the N. £. by E. as far as Shetatlkoi Nuls, which he placcsatthcdiftancc of about 4j leagues to the E. o<^ the Kovyma. The fpare, therefore, between this Nofs and Cape North, upwards of iio leagues, is the only part of the Ruflian dominions now remaining unexplored. If the Kovyma, how- ever, be crroneoudy laid down, in point of longitude as well as latitude (a fuppolition by no means improba> ble) the extent o( the unexplored coaft will diminifti in proportion. The reafons which incline us to inuDinr that in the Rullian charts, the mouth of the river I* placed conlidcrably too far to the W. are the follni,' ing. Firll, bccaufc the accounts that have been ffivtn ot the navig.ition of the Frozen Ocean, from thatrj. vcr, round the north caftern extreme of Afia, to the gulf of Anadyr, do not agree with the fuppofcd dirtaiKe l)etwcen thoft places. Secondly, becaufe the diQanci from the Anadyr to the Kovyma, over land, isrepre fcTittd by former Kudiaii travellers as a journey or no. very great length, aiul calily performed. Thirdly bt. caufc the coall from the Shelatlkoi Nofs of Shalauroff- appears to ticrd dirtctly S. E. towards the Cape. If this be really the cafe, it m.iy be inferred, that, at we were, in all probability, not more than one degree to the fimthward of Shelatlkoi Nofs, only 69 miles of the coaft of Alia are unafccrtained. We are of opinion, thinking jt highly probable thai a N. W. paffige from the Atlantic into the Pacifc Ocean, docs not ixift to the foiuhward of the <6thtifo of latitude. If therefore a palTage really exifts, it m^i certainly be either through Baffin's bay, or by the N of Greenland, in the wetlern hemifphere; or in,!,' caftern, through the Frozen Sea, to the N. of Siberia' and on which ever lidc it is fituated, the mviuator' inuft pafs through the ftraitsdillniguifhed by the name of Bccring's Straits. The impracticability of pt^. trating into the Atlantic Ocean, on either fide, throueli thefe Straits, is, therefore, all that now remains to be offered to the reader's conlideration. Here we muft previoufly obfcrve, that the lea to the northward of Beering's Str.iits, was found by us to be more free from ice in Augull than in July, and perhaps in feme pan of September ii may be ftill more clear of it. But after the autumnal equinox, the length of the daysdi' minifiics fo faft, that no farther thaw can be cxpedlcj* and we cannot reafonably attribute fo great an effcc] 10 the warm weather in the firft fortnight of the month of September, as to imagine it capable of dilperfing the ice from the moft northern parts of the coaft of America Admitting this, however, to be pofTible, it mull at Icaft be allowed, that it would be highly abfurd to attempt to avoid the icy cape by running to the known pamof Baffin's Bay, (a diftance of 420 leagues, or i»6o milci) in fo ftiort a fpace of time as that paflage can be fun. pofed to remain open. On the fide of Afia there ap! pears ftill lefs probability of fucccfs, not only from what came to our knowledge, relative to the ftate of the fea to the fouthwtrd of Cape North, but likewife from what wc have gathered from the experience of the lieutenants under the dire^ion of Ikering, and the journal of Shalauroff, rcfpechng that on the N, of ^Siberia. But, the pofTibility of faihng round the north-eaftern extremity of Afia, is undoubtedly proved by the voyage of Dclhncff, if its truth be admitted j yet when we refledl, that fince the time of that navi! gator, near a century and a half has elapfcd, during which, inanagcofcuriofityandcnterprizc, noperfon has yet been able to follow him, we can cnteruin no very great expedations of the public benefits to be de- rived from it. But even on the fuppofition, that, m fome remarkably favourable fcafon, a vclTcl might find a clear paiTagc round the coaft of Siberia, and arrive fafely at the mouth of the Lena, ftill there renuins the Capeof Taimura, extending to the 78th deg. of latitude, which no navigator has hitherto had the good fortune to double. Some, however, contend, that there are ftrong reafons for believing, that the nearer approach wc make to the pole, the Tea is more clear of ice, and that what maffcs we obfervcd in the lower latitude!, "uid originally been formed in the great riverj of Si- beria and America, by the breaking up of which the intermediate fea had been tilled. - But even if that fuppolition be true, it is no lefs ceruin, that there can be no acccfs tq chofc open feas, unlefs this prodigious mafs of ice fliould be fo far difTolved in the fummer, as to admit of a Ihip's making her way through it. If this be a real budt, we made choice of ao improper tinne of thie.ycar for attempting to difcovei this ptlTagc, which, 'i COOK'S TlllKD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCLaN, &c. 68/ which (hotild have been explored in the months of .-111 »nd May, before the rivers were broken up> But ffvcral rfurons may be alledgrd againft fuch a luppo- fition. Ourcxfjcrience at Pctropaulowfka, pave u» an opnortuniiy "f judnmg what might be ixpectcd far- tticr northward ; and, upon that ground, we had lumc ftjfon CO entertain a doubt, whether the twocontiiunis niwht not, during the winter, be even j >incd by the i«; u\^ '^'* coincided with the accouius we received in kimtfchatka, that, on iheoall of Siberia, the inha- biunts, in winter, po out from the fliore upon the ice, jjidances that exceed the breadth of the lea, in lome nirii, h""' °"' continent to the other. The following j^inarkable particular is mentioned in the dipolition ihovc referred to. Speaking of the land (ten from the Tchutfki Nofs, It isfziJ, that, during the fummer, they fill in one day to the land in baidares, a kind ot vill'cl lormtd of whalc-bone, and covered with the Ikins ot fcaisi and, in the win.cr, as they gofwift with reindeer, (he journey may be peitorined in a day. MulKr's ac- cjunt ol one ol the exjicditions, undertaken for the oorpofr of difcovering a fuppofcd idand in the Frozen Sea is IMI •nof'^ remarkable. His narrative is to the liiilowing purport. In 1714a m w expedition was pie- j), cd from Jikutik, under the conduci of Altxei Watkoff, nhowas to fet fail from the mouth of the ijiUi and if the Schitiki were not well adapted lor Tea voytk*^'; li^ was to build, at a convenient place, proper vr'acU t'l' i> "(ccuting thedilcoveriei wirhout any great riiqur Upon his anival at Ull-janlkoe Simovic, the n i^nircnt' «ai to embai k, he difpatched an account, djifd itie *'"^ "' i''n both in w.nicr iiid ruTiiDcr; and that, confeaucntly, the expedition cixii.; only be profecuted in fledgrs drawn by dfifis. Hr iLCurdingly frl out in this manner, accompanied »ith nine perfoiin the loihot March, in the fame year, an.l rriurned to Ult>janlk')C Simovie on the 3d of the f.iaaJKig monrh. I'he account of his jouriuy is as fiikw : tiiac lor ihr fpscc of fcven days, he travelled «i(li ai mu^h (xpdidon at his dogs could draw, (wnich in good cracks, and favourable weather, is from Eowijo wcrfts a d^y) to the northward, upon the ice, u inuui (iiifrrving any illand : that he was prevented fiun prnreiding farther by the icc, which rofe like inounuins in that part of the Tea: that he had afccnded lomc nt thefe, whence he could fee to a great diltance araund hiin, bur could difierii no land : and that, at length, provifions tor his dugs being deficien', many of them died, which reduced htm to the ncccflity of rc- turii>n|r. Uilili-s the above-mentioned argumenti, which pro- ceed upon an admiflion of the hypothefu, that the ice in this ucian comes from the rivers, others may be ad- duced, which atford good reafon for fiifpeding the tru!h of the hypothelis itfclf. Captain Cook, whofe opnion, with ngard to the formation of ice, had ori- g.iully cumcidc'l Mith that of the theorills we are now endeavouring to confute, tound fuflicient grounds, in the i^refem voyage, for changing his fentiinents. We uofcrvcd. that the coalli of both continents were low ; that the lepth of water gradually decreafed towards ihcm, and that a (hiking reTcmblancc prevailed between the two i from which circumllances, as well as from the defcription given by Mr. Hearnc of the Copper- mine river, we have room for conjeduring, that, what- ever rivers may difcharge themfclvcs into the Frozen O.iai, from the continent of America, are of a (imi- lir namre With thofe on the Aiiatic tide 1 which are faid 10 b.' lo 111 allow at their entrance, .it to admit only vclfcU t i'Kuniiderable magnitude; whereas the ice ficii by u>, rills above the level of the fea, to a height that equals the depth of thofc rivers 1 (o that it< entire alt.iudc .nuit he, at leaft, ten timet greater. Another ciicuinflance will naturally offer itfcif in this place to ourcunlideration, which fcems to be very incompati- ble with thcO|, we refer them to Dr. For- Iter's " Obfcrvations round the world," where they will lind the ijuellion o» the formation 4)f the ice, diftufllJ in a lull and laiiilacory manner, and the probability of open polar kas dilprovcil by many loicible argu* mcius. In order to give tliefe obfervations their full force, we beg leave to lubjoin a comparative view of the pro- grcls in.ide by us to the lunihwarJ, at the twoditlcient leafon> in whith we were occupied in that purfuit 1 to- jjether with /onie geneial rcnurks rcfpicting the fea, and the coalis ol tiie two continents, which lie to the N. of Beeiing"!. S laiis. In 1778. we did not dilcovcr the ice, till we advanced to the latitude of 7odeg. on the 17th of Augult : and then we tound it 111 compacit tiod.ts, which extended as far as the eye couid difccrn, and of which the whole, or a pirt, was in motion, liiice, by its dritting down upon i ur Ihips, we were al- mott heinnKd in between that and the land. After we had experienced, both how huitlcls and dangerous it would be to attempt to penetrate farther to tire north- ward between tbe land and the ice, we rtood over to.« wards the liuc of Afia, between the latitudes ol 69 deg. ana 70 deg. After having encountered in this track very large helds of icc, and though the f .gs a:id thick- ncU of the weather prevented us from cnt rely tracing a connected line of it acrofs, yet we were certain of iiieeimg with it before it reached the latiiu Je of 70 de^^i whenever we made any attempts to Hand to the N. On the 26th of Augull, we were in latitude 69 deg* 45 mm. longitude 184 deg. obQruded by it in fuch a manner, and in fuch quantities, that we could not pafs either to the N. or W. and were under the necefllty of running along the edge of it to the S. S. W, till wo uerceived land, which proved to be the Aiiatic coaft. With the fcafon thus far advanced, the weather fetting in with fnow and fleet, and other indications of the ap- proach of winter, wc relinquilhed our enterprizc ^r that time. When we made a fecond attempt, the following fea- fon, in 1779, we did little more than confirm the re< mirks made by us in the iirtl ; for wc never had an op. portunity of approaching the continent of Afia in a higher latitude than 67 deg. nor that of America in any parts, except a few leagues between the la itudeof 6^ deg. and 68 deg. 20 min. that we had not feen the pie- ceding year. We now met with obll ructions from the ice 3 deg. lower; and ourefTorts to make faither pro* greis to the northward, were chiefly conKned to the mid* die fpacc between the two coalh. We penetrated near 3 deg. farther on the fide of America, than that of Alia, coming up with the icc both years fooner, and it) more confiderabic quantities, on the latter coafl. A* we advanced in our northerly courfe, we found the icc more folid and compad : however, as in ourdiderent traverfes from one fide to the other, we palTcd over fpaces which had betbre been coveied with it, we ima- gined, that the gteatcll part of what we law was movf< able. Its height, on a medium, we ellinuted at eight or ten feet, and that of the highed at ib or iH feet. We again examined the currents twice, and tound ihaC they were unei|ual, though tney never exceeded one mile an hour. Wc l'red l„ni I melancholy olijcifl to his tricnJsi but the lirin- ptfsand cqii^iniinity with which he bore the How a^^- P^achsT di-4th ihccoiidantflo^vofnoodrpiiits which he retail" t c-'"" f" the iafl hour, and a chearl'ul rcfi^- jijtion to thi' decree of heaven, furnillKd them with fomf ' "i'"!"'""' I' *"*» ini|)olIihie not 10 feel an un- ciimi'W^ dc^rti: of coinpafli m for a gentleman, wo tijj ex; lienicd a fciici of thofc ilfticultas and hard- (jjip,^ I lich mull be the ineviia )lc lor of every lea- njr), MO iiiidor » hich he at lad fuii-c. He was bred 10 the ni*y *'■'"" ^'* you'l'i *"•' had been in iiuny cn- jj.;iniciitjdur:ng the war which commenced in i-j^S. ]„ the aClion between the Bclloiu and Courageux. he ^n ft.itioncd in the mizen-top, and was carried ovcr- Ixiird uith the maltj but was taken up, without having rcccivol the liall injury, lie was imdlhipman on h(vir>l the Dolphin, commanded by Commodore By- ,on. «licn (he lirll failed round the world 1 and was af- icrvvjrils on the American ftation. In the year 1 76R, hf tn^ai;«'l '" •• fiC""'' voyage round the world, m the li,„,,[ion of maftir'i mate of the Endeavour 1 and, jirin" that expedition, luccccded to .1 licutttnancy. In the Rifolution he made a third voyage round the voilJi in the cap.icity of Iccond lieutenant : and, in a H^rt lime alter his return, he was appointed iiialtir ,nJ commander. In the jircfcnt cxpedit on, he was J poinitd C'tptain o( the Dillovcry, and to acconipmy (,11)1111 ('"oW. Bv the calamitous dt.itli of rlie latiir, hciucrccdiil ot coiitfc, as we have already related, to thi chief lommand. It would favour of injiiilicc and jn-r 'itudc, not to mention, that, during the Ihort tunc he * < I'oinmtKl'irc, we ul«a>s oblervid him to be rc- nukably Z'-aloUi for the fiicccfs of the expedition. When the princi(iai command devolved upon liini, his health began rapidly to de.: I me; andhewa. iK-qoal, in t cry rifpect, to encoiinter the k-venty o( ,1 hi^,!! noi- Ifrnciimaic. The vigour of his iiiuid, however, was r,)', in ihe l'^*'^> 'iiipairtd by the vkcay (o(1ible, to St. Peter ind St. Paul. At noon, wc were by obfervation in lat. (;deg 8. min. long. 160 dcg. 40 inin, K. Chcepoon- ikoi Nofs bearing VV. On the 2 3rd, wc fleered for the entrance of Awatllca Bay, wh.ch we faw in the even- ing, at the dittancc of j leagues. At eight o'clock, the lighi-houfc, which now furniflicd a guod light, bore VV. N. by W. J miles diihnt. It was now a perfect calm, but, the tide being favourable, tuir boats wcic fcnt a-hcad, which towed us beyond the narrow pans of the mouth of the harbour. On the 24th, at one o'clock A. M. wc dropped anchor, the ebb tide fetting againll us. At nine wc weighed, and before three P. M. wcinchored in the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul > having up our cnlign half Rtff, as the body of our late Captain was in the velTel; and the Difcovcry followed us 1.1 a very fliort time. Both (hips were moored in four fathoms water, muddy bottom. From the time wc had let fail out of this bay, till the prefent time of our return, we had been in no harbour to refit, and had been driven fiom illand to illand, and from one coptinent lo the other, till our Oiips had in a manner lof^ their (hcathing, and were othcrwifc in 4 mifeiabic condi- tion; we therefore thought ourfelves exceeding happy in arriving at port. Soon after wc . had anchored, we were virttcd by our old riiend the Scrjc^iit, ftiU the com- niindin,'? olHcer, who brought with him a prefent of berriei, int-ndcd for our late Commodore, lie was iiu'f h affected at hearing of his death, and feeing the coii.n that contained his remains. As the ileceafcii had particulaily rcqiielled to be buried on fhorc, and gave the prelercnce to the church at Paratou.nca, we con- fulted the Serjeant about the necellaiy rtcps to be t.ilscn onihisoccalion, who rclerred us lotlie pricll, asbcint; the perlon heft qualified to give us inform 'tion 'Ins lubjcct. At the fame iimc he lignilied hi) inte > of lending an expicls to the Comniandcr of U<> j' with an account of our arrival j whet Lomr.i. -jr; Gore begged to avail himfeif of that opp_,r:. ., i.I conveying a letter to him, wherein he reiiucrtcd mat 16 head of black cattle niiglit be fcnt with all polliblc difpatch. At this time, wc rci^cived mtdligi nee of Sopofnicolf'sarriv.il from Oonalalhka, who took charge* ol the pactiuct fcnt by Captain Cook to the Admiralty, and which we had the plcalure to liiid had been foi- wardcd. Wednefday, the 2 5th, in the morning, Captain Gore, in conlequencc ot the death of our laic Commodore, made out the new commilTluns. He himfclf fuccceited to the chief command in the Kefolution ; and our lieutenant, Mr. King, was appointed Captain of liic Difcovcry. Mr. I^nyan, iiu Iter's mate ol the Kefo- luiion, and who had been in that capacity, in a tdimcr voyage, on board the Adventure, was appointed to t'.io vacant lieutenancy. In confequem e of theie arrange- ments, the following pnimoiions took pl.ice. Lieute- nants Uurney and Kickman (fiom the Dilcovcr); were appo.nrtd firfland fecond licutcnanisoftlic Rcfolution; and lieutenant VVilhamfon firfi liiuteiunt of the D.f- covery. Cjptain King, by the pcrniilllon of the Com- modore, took in lour midlhipmen, who had rendered themlelvcs ufclul to him in alhonomical cakul.itions ; aiai whole airuUnce was become the more nccetfaty, as we had not an ci>hemciis lor the prclent year. And ih.it alUonomital obftrvations might not be neglcded to be made m either Hup, Mr. llayly took Captain King's place in the Refolution, for ihcfc purpofcs. This day wc were .itiended by the Pope Homanoll Verclha- gcn, the worthy prieft of Paratounca. His expref- Jions of forrow for the death of Captain Gierke ilid ho- nour to his feelings ; but the good old gentleman, though much concerned, flarted fcveral ditiitultics, and appeared rather unwilling to comply with the requelt of the dcceafed. He urged, among other obji^iioni, that the Church was foon 10 be pulled down ; th.it every w inter it was three feet deep in water j and tliat in a few years no vcftige of it would remain, as the new church was to be ercCtcd near the Olhog of .\watlka, upon * drier and more convenient fpot. He therefore advifed, that the remains of our late Commodore thould be dcpofitcd at the foot of a tree, the fcitc of which was to be included in the body of the new church, where the bones of the Captain might probably rctl: forages undiflurbed: however, he fubmittcd the choice ot either place entirely to Captain Gore. Thcfe rea- fons, whether real or fictitious, the officers who had charge of the funeral could not difprovc, and there- fore fomc of our people had orders to dig the grave where the prieft Ihould direct. The Dilcovery having tu tiered great injury from the ice, efpec tally on the 23d of July, and continued ex- ceeding leaky ever fmce, it was apprehended that fomc of her timbers might have darted: our carpenters were therefore fcnt to affift thofc of the Difcovcry in repair- ing her. To accommodate thofe who were to be em- ployed on (bore, a tent was eredcd, and a party was lent into the country, north of the harbour, to fell tim- ber. The obfervatories were placed at the weft end of the village, near which was credled a tent, as an abode for the Commodore and Captain King. When the carpenters began to rip the damiiged Iheathing from the larboard bow, it was difcovercd, that three feet of the third ftrakc were ftaved, and the timbers ftarted : and as they proceeded, the decayed ftate of the ftiip's hull became more and more apparent. The feafon be- ing now far advanced. Captain King was unwilling that 7U ,..,;;,, any i^-l ^ii" ILM r,t] I'l ).« i mi 630 Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES C O M P L E T E. i.i'fi ¥1 ]fl\ ) "' I any hindrance or delay Ihould happen throu^^h him, to Captain Gore's farther views of difcovcry, ami ihere- forc ordered the carpenters to rip otF no more of the iheathing, than Ihould \ie abfoiutely ncccirary for re- pairing the damages occafioncd by the ice. He uas •pprci nfiveof their meeting with morcdecayed planivs, whici' he thought had better remain in that ft.ite, than hr ,c their places Ibpplied with green birch, even fup- fjoiing it could be procured. .Ml hands were now fully employed in their feparate departments, that «*c might be perfcdiy ready tor fca, hy the time the carpenters had completed their bulinefs. Four men were fet apart to haul the feine for falmon, vhich were caught in immenfe quantities, and we found them of moll ex- cellent quality. After the wants of both Ihips were fufiicicnily fupplied, we daily faked down almolt a hogfliead. We had four invalids, who were employed in gathering greens, and cooking for thofc who were afhore. We alfo landed our powder, in order to have it dried; and the blubber ot the fca horfes, with which both Ihips had completely furnilhed themfclvcs, in our paflage to the north, was now boiled down for oil, and was become a very neceflary article, having long fince expended all our candles. The cooper » as alfo employed in his department. Both Ihips compa- nirs were thus engaged till Saturday, the 28th, in the afternoon, which was allowed to every man (^except the carpenters) to walh their linen, and get their clothes in tolerable order, that on Sunday they might make a de- cent appearance. On Sunday, the 29th, we perfoimed the lall aflert- ingoihcts at the interment of Captain CIcike, our late much refpefted Commodore ; and to make the funeral the more folemn, every officer was dclired to ap|Kar in his uniform ; the marines were orderld to be dra-vn up under arms; and the common men to be drcflcd as nearly alike as poflible, m order to attend the corple from the water-nde to the grave. All the KulTiani in the garrifon afTembled on the ocMfion, afTifling refixdt- fully m the lolemniiy, and the worthy pallor ol rara- tounca joined in the proceHton, walking with the gen- tleman who read the fervice. The Ihips, at the lan-e time fired minute guns, and the drums, muffled as ufual, beat the dead march. Wht n the corpfe arrived at the grave, it was depofited under a triple difcharge of three vollies, fired hy (he marines, which coiKtuded the burial fervice. When the grave wai covered, it was thought proper to fence it in by piles driven deep in the ground, and afterwards to nit up the fpace iii- clofed with ftones tnA earth, to preferve the body from being devoured in the winter by bean, or o"^ er wild beafts, who are remarkable for their fagacity in fcent- ing out the bodice of dead palTengers, when any hap pen to perifh, and ate buried near the mads. This mournful ceremony t>eing over, an efcutcheon was prepared, and neatly painted by the ingenious Mr. Webber, with the Captain's coat of anna pmperly em- blazoned, and placed in the church of Paratounca. Underneath the efchutcheon was the following infcrip- tion. There lies interred at the foot of a tree, near the Oftrog of St. Peter and St. Paul, The Body of CHARLES C L E R K F., Efquire, Commander of his Britannic Majefty'a , Ships, the KiTolution and Difcovery j To which he fuccreded on the Death of JAMKS COOK, Efquire, Who was killetlhy the natives of an Illand we difcovcrcd in the i^outh Sea, after having »• plored the Coalt of America, from 49 dcg, 27 mm. to 70 dcg. 40 mm. 57 fee. N. in fcarch of a N. VV. palThge irumFUROPKtothe EAST- IN DIES. I he Second Attempt being made by Captain CIcrke, who failed wuhinfomc few I.caguri of Captain Cook ; but was brought up By a r lid body of Ice, which he found from the America -to the Alia ihorr. and almoft trended due Eall and Wert— lie died at Sm, ' on his return to the '' Southward, on the ^ 2?nd Day of '■ ■ Au).'iill, 1779, ■' ■ Agiii jS Years. Another infcription was affixed to the tree unH which he w.is miirixd. This tree Hands on a Ijtti' eminence, in the valliy, north of the harbour (and ! fome diftance troin the town), where tho ftorc-houf and hofpital arc liiiiatcd, and round which I'cveral Myf lian gcntkmen had been huricd; but none lb hiijhuDo" the eminence as the fpot pointul out for tlu- irravcof Captain Clcrkc, and which Captain Core liipiKifcd ,5 be fuch a li; i.ition, as «as mol* confotunt to ihewilhcj of the diccjffi'. The infcnj. nm at this pLice wj, ncai ly tlic laitie as that in the Church, and is as followj Beneath thin tree Tcs the Bodv of Captain CllAKLES Cl.I'RKE. 'i:i,|uire, Coinmandcr of llis Britannic Majilly's Ships, the Ucft'lution ami Difcovoy: Which Ciininiind he lucccedtd to, on tlic |.th of I'Vbniary, 1779, on the death of Captain JAMES COOK, Who was killiil by the Natives of Hnnc llbnds \-x ilifco\crcd in the South SiM, on the Pare above. AClFrG OCEAN. &c.- 631 ■as aflixcil to the tree undtf This tree llamls on a |i„| north of the harbour (and at own). « hen- the ft(irc.houf„ ami round vvluch Icvcral Ruf huricilj but none lb hi(.h upon pointul out for tlic Kravrof ch Captain Gore riipiwfcd ,0 i m'>[\ confonant to ihewiihej iurcnj, ion at this place »■„ the Church, and is as foUo*, A hilc to be cxcufid fn ■■ The Rutliinit in Kamtfchatka, could not furniih us with .better account of Synd than Mr. Coxe has given us; ihoueh they feemed difpofeJ to communicate, without rtfcrvc, what they really kneW. From Major Behm we htJ received only this general inrormation ; that the ex- jjiion had milcarried, and that the Commander had Un cenfured. It was evident, that he had been on the coaft of America, fouth of Cape Frince of Wales ; and ,, he was too far north to meet with Tea otters, which •he Ruffians fecm to have in view in all their attempts . dlfcoveriei, it is probable, that his return without having made any, from whence commercial advantages fflicht be reaped, was thccaufe of his difgracc, and on that acco""' '^'* vy^iK' '' fpokcn of with contempt by all the Ruffians. On Sunday, the 5th, all the par- ti's that were on (horc returned to the (hip, and were ^ployed in fcrubbing her bottom, and getting in foiiic Ihinnlc ballaft. On Wedncfday, the 8th, we hauled tlu- Rcfolution on fiiorc, in order to repair fome damages (lic had received from the ice, in her cut-water. We began, about 'his time, to make a llrongdecodion from r^cciesof dw'srf pine, which is very plentiful in this country, judging it would hereafter be ufcful in ntaking l^f jnd that we might perhaps be able to procure fugar. fubftitute, to ferment with it, at Canton. We knew, however, it would be an adinirablc medicine for the fcurvy, and therefore were particularly delirous ot pro. curing a tonfulerablc fupply ; as n-.oll of the prevcnt- ivcj with which we had turnilhed ourfelves, were cither confuted, or had loft their efficacy through long keep- ing When we had prepared about a ho>>(hcad of it, the ftiip't copper was found to be remarkably thm, and that in many places, it was even cracked. This o iged u, todefill, and orders were given, that, for tne future, it rtiould be ufed as fparingly as pofTible. Thofe navi- ptorJ. who may hereafter be engaged in long voyages, would ad judicioufly if they provided themfelves with I fparc copper, or, at lead, they (hould be fully con- vinced, that the copper, ufually furnilhed, fhould be re- markably lUong and durable. Thefe necelFary utenfils are employed in fomany extra fervices, particularly in that important one of brewing antifcorbutic decoClicis, that fome fuch provifion feems abfolutely neceflary ; and the former appears the more eligible, becaufe a miKh oreiter quantity of fuel would be confumed in heating coppers that are very thick. Friday, the lOth, in the morning, the boats from both the fhipi were ordered to tow a Kuflian galliot into the hiibour, which had juft arrived from Okotlk. She had been no Icfs thru u daysfln her pafTagc, and. from the Li({lit-houfe, had been obficrved a fortnight before, beating up towards the trojih of the bay. The crew had at that time dir|>atch( il their btiac on (hore, in or- der to procure water, \*hich they much wanted; but, the wind increafing, the b(,>ac was loft : the galliot was again driven to fea, and thofe who were paflcngers fuf- f(rcd,with thee r.w, inconccivuble hardlhips. On board thii galliot were fifty foldicrs, with their wives and Lhil- dren; they had alfo othrr pa(t:ngt:rs, and the crew con- fided of 15 feamcn, making in the whole, upwards of 130 pcrfons; wl.arty. Major Behm had delired this gentleman, who rcfided ufually at Verchnei, to attend us on Our re- turn to the harbour, and afTid us as an interpreter ; and, from what we had heard of him before his arrival, our curiofity to fee him was much excited. He is allied to a confiderablc family in Ru(ria, and his father was a gene- ral in the ferviceof iheEmprefs. He received his educa- tion partly in France; he had been a page to the Emprefs Elizabeth, and bore an Enfign's commillion in her guards. At 16 years of age he was knowtcd, had his nofe (lit, and was banidied to Siberia. He was after. wards iranfportcd to Kamtfchatka, and had rcfided there 31 years. His perfon was tall and thin, and his vifagc furrowed with deep wrinkles. Old age was ftrongly dcpiclcd in his whole figure, though only 53 years of his exiflence had fcarcely elapfed. Great was our difappointment when wedifcovrred, that he h.id fu totally forgotten the French and German languages, as not tu be able tu (peak a liiigle fentence. nor to con^pre- hend readily any thing that was faid to him in either of thofe languages. Thus were we deprived unfortunately, of what wc expet^cd would have furnilhed a favouiabic opportunity of acquiring further information refpeding this country. 1 he cauie of his banifhmcni remained a iccret to every one in this country, but it was gene- rally fuppofed, he had been guilty of fome atrocious oHence 5 efpccially as fevcral of the Commanders of Kamtfchatka have exerted their interell to get him re- called, in the reign of the prcfcnt Kmprels ; but. fo far from fucceeding m their applications, they were not able to change tne place of his banifhment. He alFured us that, tor 20 years, he had not tided a morfcl of bread, nor had been allowed any kind of fubfidencet but had lived all that time with the Kamtfchadalcs, on what he had procured from the chace by his own adi- vity and toil. Afterwards a fmall penfion was allowed hiin, and hisfituatiun has been rendered Wuch Icfs in- tolerable, fince Major Behm was appointed to the com- mand. Being noticed by fo rcfpciitablr a cnar.'iter, who often invited him to become his guclt, others were in- duced to follow his example. The Major had alio oc cafioned his penfion to be augmented to 100 roubles a year, which is an Enfign's pay in every other part of the Emprefs 's dominions, but in this province, all the oflfi- crrs have double pv. Major ^chm informed us, that 4 ■ ■ ^"6 ;;•,,' »i|i'li.--V, I if '/''i '&{■■■■' I li m !i mi- 632 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. .0 i^ iir 1 1 ii. 1 % 1 t, J, 11 \ '4 *v.,. he had obtained permiflion for him to go to Okotlk, where he was to refide in future j but that, at prcfcnt, he (hould leave him behind, as he might probably be ufcful to us as an interpreter, on our return to the Bay. We now fet out on our hunting party, direding our courfe to the northward, toward a pool ot water, that lies near the mouth of the river Paratounca, and which was a known haunt of the bears. "We had fcarce landed, when unfortunately the wind changed to the caftward, and deftroyed all hopes of coming up with our gairc- } for the Kamtfchadales aflured us, that it was ir. vam to expect to meet with bears, when to the windward of thcin i owing to their being poireflcd of an uncommon acutenefs in fcenting their purfucrs, which enabled them, under fuch circumftanccs, to avoid the danger, though at a very great diftance from them. We re- turned therefore to the boat, and pafTed the night on the ' beach, having brought a tent with us for that purpofe. The next morning, being the i8th, we crolfcd the bay, and purfued our courfe on foot along a plain, aboundmg with berries, on which the bears feed 5 but though feve- ral of tlicfc animals were fecn at a dilUncc, we could never contrive, the «iathcr being (liowciy and unfa- vourablc, to get within (hot of them. Thus dilappointed gain, we changed our divcrfi.in to that of fpcaiingfal- mon, which we faw pulhing in great numbers through the furf into a fmall river. Fortunately the water af- forded us a litile provifion ; for ill fucccfs had not only atiendid us in the chacc by lind, but wc had failed in our expeflationsofflwoting wild fowl, after having al- inoft depended folely upon a fupply of them for our fub- fiftcnre ; and on its failure, we began to think it time to return to head quarters. Thefc fcntiments entirely cor- refpondcd with tliofeof the Iloipodin, whom former fe- vritics had rendered unable to endure fatigue. On Sjoday, -.he 19th, at night, we reached the fhips, after having been full 1 2 houis upon our legs. Poor Ivafkm fcemed perfeiflly overcome with fatigue, and was pro- bably the more fenlibly atfecled by it, for want of a fup- ply of fnull"; for, almoft at every Ikp, his hand funk mechanically into his pocket, and role inlbntly again with his huge empty box. When arrived at the tent, the llofpojin's box was immediately rcplcnilhed, and, regaling upon a gotxl fuppcr, we forgot the fatigues and dil.ippointmcnts of our Iruiilcfsexcurfion. On Monday, the 'Oth, we received the difagrecable intelligence, tliat our much efteemed friend, the fcrjeant, had fulfercd corporal punifliment, which hail been in- flidled on him by command of the old I'ut-pirouchick. None of UJ could learn the caul'e of hisdilplcafure; but it wasfiippofed to have arifcn tioinfomc little jealoufy, which had been excited by our civility to the former. AVe were unwilluig to rcmonttrvtc o- "'''s fubjc<;t, till Captain Shmaletl (nouKI arrive; howevei, when we were ncKt vifited by the Pur-paroiichick, the coolncfs with which we received him, mull have teftified fully our chagrin. The 2 2d, being the anniverfary of the King's G>ronation, we fired 21 guns ; and, in honour of our Uoyal Marter, prepared as elegant a feaft as our fitua- tion would allow of. The arrival of Captain ShmalcH' vas announced the very moment wc were fitting dawn to dinner. Wc were equally plcafed and furprized at f his unexpected vidt : firft, becaufe the Captain came fo opportunely to t.-ikc a fliarc in the feftivity of the day ; and alfo, bccaufc wc were lately informed, that the cf. feifls of a late illnefs had rendered him unequal to the journey. Wc had the fatisfatflion to hear this had been merely an excufc; and that, knowing wc were diftrefled for tea and fugar, &c. he was hurt at the idea of com. ing empty handed, and therefore had deferred his fct- lingout, waiting impatiently for the arrival of a floop fron> Okotfk ; but hearing no intelligence of her, and fearing we fhould fail before he had vifited us, he wai re- folved toprofecute the journey, though he had nothing to prefent to ui but apologies for the poverty of BoU cherctfk. At the fame time he informed us, that the reafanofournot having received the black cattle, wai, that the heavy faini at Verchnei, had prevented their fctting out. So much gcneroflty and politcncls de- manded the bell anfwer we were capable of making ; i and on coming on board the next day, we falui^d hi with 1 1 guns. Friday, the 24th, he was entertaii^'j on board the Difcovery j and the day following, bcin„ the jrth, he returned tq Bolcheretlk. No in'treati'' could prevail on him to extend his vifit,- having, jj 1." alTurcd us, fome expedlations that the fub-roycmo ' general would arrive in the floop expeded from Oko-a he being on a tour through all the provinccsof tt,f Jj ' vrrnor-gencralof Jakutfk. Without any application f,!!! us, he reinftated the fcrjeant in his command, before V departure, having rcfolved to take the Put-parouchi i with him. We aUb underflood, that he was much oi fended with him for punilhingthe ferjernt, as there H not appear to be the llighteil grounds for infliclmirfji chanifement. Encouraged by the ('aptain's yrcit r- dinefs to oblige us, we ventured to requcft a fmall u^\^' for another inhabitant of Kamtfchatka. It was ;o,' quite an honcft old foldier, who kept a fciml of orili,i,f" lor the inferior officers, and who had done a thouiAJ good offi.es both for them and the whole crew. Ti. Captain obligingly complied withour wifhcs, amiduh! bed him inftantly a corporal, telling him, at thcfam time, to thank the Englifh oHicers for his vcryirrrr promotion. It may not here be unnecefTary to remark that the lower clafs of officers in the Ruffian army hjy' a greater pre-eminence above the private rnrn t|,," thofe in the Britifh fervice can polfibly conrciv'c l! was, indeed, a matter of allonilhment tons, toffcif, jeant aflunie all the Ihte, and exact as mucii honu'-i from thofe beneath him, as though lie had hccnalidij officer. Belidcs there arc fevcral gradations of rank among them, of which other countries are wholly iirno. rant; there being no lefs than four intermcduic it', between a fcrjeant and a private fo.'dier. But thcdf eiplinc of the Ruffian army, though fo extremely rcnuKc liotii the feat of government, is remarkable for itsltrnf. fief's and fcverityj not exempting even the commir. fioned officers. Impnfonmcnt, and bread and wattr diet, is the iuiniflimcnt of the latter for iiKonliJerjblc offences. A go require t and, having their bear- fpcirs m readmefs b) incir fide, wait the arrival of their (Mitic. Thefc precautions are extremely necefTary, that the hunters may make fure ot their mark : for the price of ammuniion is (o high at Kamilchatka, that the price of a Kar will not piirchafe more of it than vjll load a mufquet four or five times. It is much nioir material on another cimftderation 1 for, if the firfl (hot IhouM not render the bear incapable of purfuit, fital confequenrcs too frequently enfuc. The enraged brill niikes immcdutcly towards the place from whence the found and fmokc iffue.and furioully atucks his ad- verlines. They have not fuflicient time to re>load their pieces, as the bear is fcldom fired at till he comes within the diffance 15 yards; therefore, if he Ihould not happen to fall, they immediately prepare to receive him upon their fpears t their fafety depending, in a gtrat mcafure, on their giving him a mortal rtao as he advances towards them. Should he parry th<; thrufl (which ihefe animals are fomctimes enabled to do, by the ftrenfortion ; purfuing the inhabitants by the fccnt i and prowling about at a dilhnce from their ufuai tracks, dart upon them unawares. Under fuch cir- cumftances, as the natives have no idea of fhootmg Hyii^ or running, or in any manner without rctling their piece, they often fiitl a facrilice to theii favage ra- pacity. The time of their copulation, is the other dangerous fcafon to meet with them, and that is ufually about September. Many inRancet of natural affec- tion in tnefe animals are frequently related by the Kamtfchadaies, who hence derive confiderable advan- ugcs in hunting. They never prcfume to fire at a No. 77. young bear if the dam is upon the fpot ; for if the cub fhould happen to be killed, fhc becomes enraged to an immoderate degree ; and, if fhe can only obtain a fight of the offender, fhc is fure to be revenged of him, or die in the attempt. On the other hand, if the mother fhould be fhot, the cubs continue by the fide of her after fhc has been a long time dead ; exhibiting, by afl^eding gefiures and motions, the mofl poignant afiiidion. The hunters, inflead of commifcrating their difireffes, embrace thefe opportunities ofdeftroying them. If the veracity of the Kamtfchadaies may be depended on, the fagacity of the bears is as extraordinary as their na- tural affcdion. Innumerable are the flories which they relate to this cfTcdl. They likewife acknowledge infi- nite obligations to the bears, for all the little progrefs they have hitherto made in feveral arts. They confefs themfclves indebted wholly to thofe animals for all their knowledge in phyfic and furgery ; that, by obferving what herbs they have applied to the wounds they have received, and what methods they have purfued when they were languid, and out of order, they have acquired a knowledge uf mofl of thofe fimples which they have now rccourfc to, either as external or internal applica- tions. But the mofl fingular circumtlancc of all is, that they admit the txrars to be their dancing-maflers, though the evidence of our own fenfcs places this mat- ter beyond difpute i for in the tiear dance of the Kamt- fchadaies, every gcKure and attitude peculiar to that animal, is faithfully exhibited. All their other dances are lim.lar to this in many particulars; and thofe atti- tudes are thought to come neareft to perfection, which molt refcmblc the motions of the bear. On Tuefday, the aSth, Captain King returned from his cxcurfion to thclhips, not aluclc pleafed, as it had ■ (folded him an opportunity of feeing a part of the ciiuntry, and of obferving the manners and behaviour of the people, when under no rellraint, evidently not the cale when they were in company with the Ruffians. On the 30th, our Commodore went to Paiatounca; but, btfiire his departure, ordered Captain King to get the fh'i's out of the harbour, that they might be in readi- nefs to fail. On Friday, the iftof Oftobcr, we had a violent gale of wind, which continued the whole day; but, on the 2nd, both fhips warped out of the harbour, and an- chored in 7 fathoms water, about a quarter of a mile from the oltrog. Fortunately for us, the day before we quitted the harbour, the cattle from Vcrchnei arrived; and that the men might have the full enjoyment of this fcafonable fupply, by eating it whilft it was frcfh, the Commodore determined to flay in our prefent ftation five or fix days longer. This time, however, was far from being mifapplied ; for the pumps, fails, and rig- ging of each fhip, received an additional repair. Cap- tain King having obtained pcrmifFion to ufe the ropper belonging to the Refolution, and being fupplied with molaliTes from Captain Gore, he was enabled to brew a fuflicient quantity of beer to lafl the crew a fortnight, and to make ten additional puncheons of ftrong fpruce etfence. This fupply was the more acceptable as out laft calk of fpirits was now ferving out, except a fmall quantity refervcd for cafes of emergency, The 3d be- ing the name-day of the Emprels of Ruffia, we were cordially difpofed to fhcw it every poffiblc refpeA. The paftor of Paratounca, Ivafkin, and the Serjeant, were invited to dine with us ; and an cnteruinment was prepared for the two Toiona of Paratounca, and St. Peter and St. Paul ; as well as for the inferior olR- cers of the garrifon, and the moft refpe^ble of the inhabitants. All the other natives were invited to par« take in common with the fhip companies ; a pound of excellent beef being ferved out to every man, and the retruinder of our fpirita was made into grog, and diflributed among them. I'wenty-one guns were fired upon the occafion ; and confidering we were in a very remote part of the Empreft's dominions, the whole feftival was condui.1cd in a manner not unwonhy fo il- luftriout a character. On Tuefday, the 5th, we received a frefh fupply of tea, fuKar, and toliacco, from BoU chcretlk. Capcain Sbmakfl' havtag met thia prefent 7 X aq Ifia m '■lip -I t ' ' .i^ ' ill WW !»'' m ■ th^ li'i I ■; ■% i m l'\ M I'M. 634 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ';' iH J n'vV »4\ .,! ^.M.^ on his return, he tranfmitred a Kttcr with it, informing us, that the floop from Okoilk had arrived in his ab- fencc, and that Madame Shni..i( tfhad in.lantly diC- patchcd a courier with thefe lew articles, requefting our accept;>ncc of them. On the two following days we Were prevented from unmooring by real'onof foul wca- thir ; but on Friday the 8th, all the boats wcrchoirtcd in, and we failed towards the mnuih of the bay i when the wind, viering to the S. obliged us to drop anchor, the Ollrog bra ring N. d0.mt half a league. On the 9th, at four o'clock, P. M. we again unmoored j but as we were raifing our laft anchor, we were intormcd that the drummer of the marines had fled from the boat of the Difi overy, which had jull left the village, and that he had lately been fccn with a Kamtfchadale woman, to whom he was known to be much attached, and who had imjKirtuned him frequently 10 ftay behind. This man was entirely ufclcfs in the fcrvice, being lamed by a fuelling in his knee ; and on that very account Cap- tain King was the more unwilling to leave him behind, leR he fliould become a milerable burthen to himlcif and the RulTians. He therefore ap^ilicd to the Serjeant to fend parties of his men after him ; and in the me.in time, fome failors vifited a well known haunt of his in the neighbourhood, where the drummer and his wo- man were found together. On his return the Difcovcry weighed anchor, and followed the Rcfolution. Having now taken our final departure from St. Peter and St. Paul, an account of Awailka Bay, and the ad- joining coaft, may not be unacceptable to our friendly rc.ideri ; efpecially at it is, perhaps, the falin and moll cxfenlive bay that has ever been ddcovend ; and the only one, in this part of the world, that can admit vcl- fels of a confiderable burthen. The entrance thereto is in the lat. 5jdeg. 51 niin.N. long. i58.deg. 48 min. E. It lies in the bight of another exterior bay, formed by Cape Gavereea to the S. and Cheepoonflcoi Nofs to rhe N. The latter of thefe head-lands bears Irom the former N. E. by N. and is 32 leagues diftant. From the Cape Gavareea to the entrance of Awatlka Bay, the coad takesa northerly dircc^tion, and extends about 11 Ungues. It confifts of ragged clitfs and rotks, and in many paitt,prerents an appearance of baysand inlets; but, on a nearer approach, low ground was lecn to conned the head-lands. From theemrancc of Awatfka Bay, Cheepoonfkoi Nofs bears I'l, N. E. diftant 17 leagues. The fliore on this fide is flat and low. with hills behind, rifing gradually to a confiderable height. The latitude of Cape Gavcreea is 52deg. si min. This remarkable differenceof the land on the fides of Awat- lka Bay, together with their different bcaringi.arc very proper guides to fleer for it, in coining from the fouth- viani ; and when it is approached from the northward, Cheepoonlkoi Nofs Ix-comes very confpicuous ; it being a high proje(fHng head-land, and is united to the con- tinent, bv a large extent of level ground, lower than the Nofs. We arc rather particular in defcribing this coaft; for if we had pofTcfFed a good account of its form on both fides of ,\w'atfka Bay, we lliould, when we firft VI 'ted it, have arrived two days fooner than we did, and ronfequcntly have avoided part of the tcnriucf- tuous weather, which we experienced in plying oft the mouth of the harliour, Bciidcj.as the fogs are fo pre- valent in thefe leas, it often happens, that an obferva- tion tor al'certaining the latitude cannot be taken. It fh(iiild alio be confidered, that land makes a very decep- tive appearance when covered with Ihow, or when viewed through a havy atmolpherc -, both which cir- cuniHarices render it necclfary for every navigator to be ai quainted with as many tlifcriminating objfc^ls us pofTibli-. Should the weather Ik? funiciintly clear to admit a view of the mountains, both on the coall and Its neighl»<)iirhiioe b:iy is iii Ibrm of a fugar- loaf: the other iii'iie inland, is fl.it at top, and not quite fo high. 'I here arc three very ronrpitiious irioun- tjins to ihe N. of the hiy : that l.trthcO fo the \V. ap- prarito br ih; highell ; the next, a votcana-iiKnint.1111, nwy 'cadily be kiK»wn by the fmnkc ifRiing from the top. The third is the moft northerly, and might fome propriety, be called a cluflcr of mountains' ' prefents feveral flat tops to our view. When as it we got he within the capes, and into the outward bay, a |,„l houfc on a perpendicular head-land, pointed out ri! entrance into the harbour to the N. Many fur' rocks lie to the eal^ward of this head-land, (\r ^ch '" two or three miles into the fea, and when this or a hft arc moderate, they will always lliew themfelvcs. T the S. of the entrance, about 4 miles diftant from " lies a fmall round illand, comnofcd chiefly of W,'!u pointed rocks, one of which is larger, and more n pendicular than the red. The entrance into the ba ' at (irll, about three miles wide; one mile and a hall * the narrowefl part ; and it is tour miles long, in a v" N. W. direction. Within the mouth is a noble h,r' ' ;o miles in circumference, in which are the harboi, ' Rakoweena to the E. Tarcinfl^a to the W. and 8t P , " and St. Paul to the N. The bre.idth ef larcinnv,, h, hour is three miles, and the length twelve. ,'\ 1,,^ "" neck of land fepar tes it from the fea at the bott,) * and it ftretches to the E. S. E. The entrance of t"'! harbour of Rakoweena is impeded hy a (Imal m ,u, middle of the channel, which, in general, makes u r celHiry to warp in, unlefs there fliould happrn to (i leading wind. Were it not for thi.>i circuinllancc I ^ h.irbour wouldbe preferable to the other two. It uq ' mile and a half bioatl, and three miles long, runr.r. in a S. K. and eallerly dirce'^ion. ' ^ But, one of the moft convenient little haibouis k have feen, is that of St. Peter and St. pjul. Six Jii' may be commotlioufly moored in it, head and ftcrn an' it is, in every rcfpcc'f, convenient forgiving them any kind of repairs. The S. fide of this harbour is fnrincj by alow, narrow, fandy neck, whereon the Ofir(K, .. built. The mid-channel is only 270 feet acrofi ;il whK-h there was fix fathoms and a half water drepeft within is 7 fathoms, over a mudily hoim,,, We found, however, fome inconvenience from the toughnefs of the ground, which often broke the mti. fengcr, and occafioncd fomciiouble in getting the an- chors up. At the head of this harbour is the «atcrin|j place, on" the eaflern harlwur is a fhoal. and Mi[h|„ the entrance a fpit, flrctching from the S. W. Horc having only three fathoms water over it. To Hccf clear of the latter, a final! iOand, or rather a larj;c dc. tached rock, on the W, (hore of the entrance, niui! b^ lltut in with the land to the S. of it. In order to fucr clear of the former, the three needle rocks, near t.'^e light-houfc-head, on the E. fltore of the entrance, mull be kept open with the head-lands to the northwatdof thcfirfl fmall bending on the E. fide of the entrance, As you come into the harbour of St. Peter and St, ViJ, and approach the vill.ige, it is very necelTary to ka|>' near the eaflern (horc, to avoid a fpit which lUctchci from the head-land, to the S. W. of the Ollrog. Let It be noticed, that the obfervatorics were placid on the W. fide of the village of St. Peter and St, I'aulj and from the fun's meridian altitudes, and of (ivc flari ' to the N. of the zenith we found the latitude to be ;j deg. 38 fee. N. and iti longitude from I46 fetsot ln.ur obfervations, to be 1 c8 deg. 43 min. 16 fec.E. At lull and change of the moon it was high water, at 36 iw.n. -\fterfouri and five feet eight inches, wasthegrejtdl rife. The tides were regular every twelve hours. It may be proper to obfervc further, in this place, that the limc-kecperon board our rtiip, which was copied .cxac'lly from Mr. Harrifon's, by Mr. Kendal, (liijiped on the 37th of A|)ril, a lew tiayi before our firft arnvil in Awatlka Bay. During the voyage, it had alwavi been carefully attended to, not having been ttudcd, even for a moment, in any other hands than thofeol Captain tkK)k and Captain King. No accident, there fore, could poflibly have happened, to which its flop. ping could be attributed; nor could it proceed from inteiife cold, the thermometer being hut very little be- low the freezing point. When the failutcol the puce was firft difcovetcd, the Omimodorcand Ciptain King (i)iiftilted alKiut the meafiires to be purfiied ; uhcihir they fliould lutfcr it to remain in a uiclcli (late, or fub- mit -in 'Chinjj T E. lorthcrly and might^i,^ lutter of mountains as ,1 Durvicw. WhcHttcg. he outward bay. a \±' ad-land. pointed om,h, < the N. Many fup ' [his head-land, ftr ich, », and when this or a fJeii 's lliew themfcfvcs, t r 4 miles dift:,nt from it" minofcd chiefly of hii-h IS larger, and more p„ ic entrance into theblii" Ci one mile and a halt in four miles long, in a ;^ le mouth is a noble bafcn' which arc the harboi. ,,' ;stothe W.andSt.pJi' brc.idthcfTarcinfl In III Iff! . ^ *\!J.- l-.:fe^lllll . J}«', COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE--; >> he PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 635 . jj 10 the inrpc(flion of a fcanian on board, who had h«n rfgu'af'y ^'^ ■ watch-maker in London, and ' to had giv* many fatijfaftory proofs of his Ikill in ' pfofcliioo, in repairing fcvcral watches upon tiie zJL. Having experienced the accuracy of this timc- *u«t we were extremely unwilling to be deprived of ng to t)c dcpi Lidvantaget. Bcfides, it (hould be confidcrcd, that £ watch had already been fufficiently tried to afccrtain • mH'ity. as well in the former voyage, as during the ^ -jjf J of our having it on board: therefore, on the Jjijljjr day after we arrived in Awat(kaBay, thetimc- ^e was opened, in the prefence of the two Captains, Krke and King. No part of the watch appeared to be Hr keni but as the watch-maker was not able to tnakc , |,f took off the cock and balance, and cleaned the J^ holes : thefe were extremely foul ; and other P (jf the work were in the fame condition. Upon ^e off the dial-plate, a piece of dirt was found be- llctn two teeth of the wheel, that carries the fccond- Lj to which caufc its (lopping was principally at- IJibuttd. After putting the work together, and oiling it very fpaf'ng'y> ^^'^ «»tch feemed to go with freedom iix) regularity. Capt.iiii King having received orders toffo the next day to Bolchcretfk, the time-kcrper was Itftwitli Mr. Baily, in ordrr to get its rate, by ronipar- jj^jth his watch and clock ; who informed him on jii, return, that it had gone very regularly for fonic d.iys, not lofing mofC ''^*n '7 fi'^'""'*' ^ •■'*)' : •''"'i afterwards flopped again. This we fuppofed to be occaiioned by its having been badly put together. It wms thi-refore no* a fecond time opened ; and when again adjullcd, it pined about a minute a d.iy ; when, the w.itch-iu.ikcr in attempting to alter the regulator, broke the balante- fnrinL'. He made a new fpring, but the watch went fo irifeuhrlv afterwards, that we were obliged to lay it aliJc as quite ufelefs. The hontfl mechanic w.is as mjch vexed as we were at our ill fuccefs j not fo much owing, as "'" w"C convinced, to his want of ll;ill. as to ihf ini'pro;'Cr tools he had to work with, and the callouf n^fs his hands had contradlcd from his employment as J miriner. We Ihall now proceed, as propofed in the contents of this chapter, to give a corredl and perftcl rcopaphical and natural hiftory of the Pcninfula of Kimt''chatka. Kimtfchatka is fituatcd on the cadcrn coaft of Afia. It extends from 52 drg. to6i deg. N. lat. the long.of ititxtremity to the S. being 156 deg. 45 min. The ifthmus, that joins it to the contmcnt on the N. lies be- tween the gulphs of Olutorfli and Penfhmlk. Its ex- tremity to the S. is Cape Lapatka. The whole pcnin- fula is fomewhat in the form of a (hoc ; and its grcated brcidih is aj6 computed miles, being from the mouth oftheTigil, to that of the river Kamtfchatka; and to- wards each extremity, it gradually becomes narrower. On the N. it is bounded by the country of the Koriacks; by the N. Pacific Ocean to the S. and E. and by the feaof Okoilk to the W. A chain of high mountains extends ihcwhole length of the pcninfula, fromN. toS. and at- moft equally divide its whence fevcral riven take their nfe.and make their courfe into the Pacific Ocean, and the fei of Okotlk. The thjce principal of thefe are. the Bolchoircka, or great river 5 the Kamtfchatka j and the river A watfka. To the N, W. of the mouth of the Kamtfchatka, lies the great lake Nerpitfch i from Ncrpi, iftal; that lake abounding with thofc animals. A fort, died Nifhnei-Kamtfthatka Oftrog, is (kuatcd about ;o miles up the nvcr, where an hofpital and barracks have been built by the RuUians; and this place, we un- derftood, is now become the principal mart in the country. Were we to judge of this country from what we faw of its foil and vegetable produdtions, it appears to be barren in the extreme. Neither about the bay, nor in our journey to B«)lcheret(k, nor in any of our hunting cxciirlions, did we ever perceive the fmallelt fpot of ground, that had the appearance of a good green turf, or that feemed capable of improvement by cultivation. Indeed, the whole furtace of the country, iil a mo i flriUng dff rce, rrfcmblcs that of Newfoundland, it Par.uounct, however, we faw (bnic llarka of mo(\ e* xl- lent hay; and M.-ijor Behm afTured us, that the banks of* the Kamtfchatka, and the Bidraia, as well as many other parts of the pcninfula, produce a quantity of grafs, of great (Irength and hiinht, which is ttiowed twicc-in every fummer, and that the hay is particularly Jldapted to the fattening of cattle, being of a very fuctulent qua- lity. This agrees with Ktifchehinicoff's account, who relates, that the country which borders on the river Kamtfchatka, is much fup^rior, in point of fertility, io that of either the N. or S. The feverity of the climate, it may naturally be fuppofed, muff be in proportion to the llcrility of the foil, of which it is pCrhapS the caufe. VVc firft law this country in the beginning of May, 1779, whe^j it was covered with 'fno',';, from lijt to eight feet in depth. On the 24ih of Auguft, when wc re- turned, the foliage of the trees, and vegetation irt gene- ral, apfKrared to be in the height of pcrfcdHon. The weather, during the remainder of that month, and the whole of September, was notfcvere; but when Odlobcr bcpan, the new fallen fnow again covered the tops of '!ie hills. In computing the fealbns here, Spring iliould certainly be omitted. Summer may be faid to extend from the middle of June, till the middle of Septimbcr. Odobcr may be conliJered as Autumn, from which period to the Hiiddle of June, it is all dreary winter. The climate in the country adjacent to the river Kamtf- chatka, is faid to be as lercnc and temperate, as in many pans of Siberia under the lame latitude. The inhabi- tants, however, arc Ibnutimes prevented, by the uncer- tainty of the fuininer fcafon, from providing a fiiflicienc llock of dried filli, for their food in winter; and the uioillurc of the air occalions worms to breed in them, which frequently dcflroy or fpoil the greatell part. The feverity of the winter, and the dreadful hurricanes of wind and fnow which attend it, oblige the natives to re- tire to thcirfubteirancous habitations, both for their fe- curity and warmth. We had neither thunder nor light- ning during our Hay at Kamtfchatka, excepting on the night cf the eruption of the volcano. In ihis peninfula volcanoes arc numerous; but only three have lately been rubjecl to eruptions. That in the neighbourhood of Awatfka we have already mentioned. The volcanoof Tolbatchick it fituated between rhe rivtr Kamtfchatka and Tolbatchick, on a neck of land. The eruptions pro- ceed from tlie fummit of a high mountain, which ter- minates in pointed rocks. On the top of the mountain of Kamtfchatka, fuppofed to be by farthehighcft in the pcninfula, is the third volcano. Springs of hot water are laid to alxiund in this country. The principal trees which fell under our notice, were the birch, the poplar, and the alder; fevcral fmall fpccies of the willow, and two forts of dwarfifli cedars. One of thefe forts grow upon the coad, fcldom exceeding two feet in height, and creeping on the ground. Of this our elfence for beer was made, and proved to be very proper for the purpofe : the other, which grows much higher, is found on the mountains, and bears a kind of nut or apple. Of the birch which appears to be the moft common, wc remarked three forts. Two of them were large and fit for timber; difTering from each other only in the colour and texture of the bark. The third is of a dwarlifh kind. The natives apply this tree to a va- riety of ufcs. When tapped, it yields a liquor in gr;at abundance, which they drink without mixture, or any kind of preparation, as wc obferved frequently in our journey to Bolcherctfk. We drank fome of it ourfclvcs^ and found it pleafant and refrediing, though fomewhat puraative. The bark they convert into vcffels for do- memc purpofes j and from the wood of this tree they make their fledges and canoes. Not only the birch, but every other kind of tree, in the neighbourhood of the bay, were Hunted, and very fmall: the natives therefore are obliged to go a confiderablc diflance up (he court- try, to get w(X)d of a proper fue for their canoes, their balagans (or fummer-houles) and many otIiJr purpofes; This pcninfula likcwife produces great abundance of the (hrub kind, as (nountain «(h,i junifiers, ralbcrry bullies, and wild rofes. Alfo a variety of berries, as partridge-berries, blue-berries, black-berries, cran-iber- rics, and crow-ljcrrics. 1 hefetrc prcfcrved by mafhing |( themr' j? MiMi '>. ■ ; , . : I ■!h 636 Capt. COOKo VOYAGES COMPLETE. k: ... (- I'i" '^■'M 'im ^^^!1 ■ h t ■a Vi hem iiuo a thick jam ; and they conftitutc a confider- able part of their winter provifions, ferving as a gene- ral fjucc to their dried fifti. They alfo eat them in pud- dings, and make decoan-gitche, has a mod beautiful plumage- Its cy is equally Angular and agreeable. Another fpecies is called the mountain duck. The niumagc of the drake is remarkably beautiful. A va- riety of other water fowl were feen. which, from their niaenitudc, appeared to be of the goofe kind. We ob- fcrved in palling through the woods, fome eagles of a proJigio"' lizc, but of what fpecies we could not polTi- bly determine. It is faid, there are three dillcrent kinds. The firft is the black eagle with a white head. tail and legs : the eaglets of which are pcrfedly white. Thefccond is improperly callcdthcwhitceagle.though, in reality, it is of a light grey. The third is the Hone coloured eagle, which is a very common fort. There arc ureat numbers of the hawk, falcon, and buftard liind m this pcninfula. Woodcocks, fnipcs, and groufe arc alio found here. Swans arc very numerous, and ge- nerally make a part of the repad at all public cntertam- mcnis. I he valV abundance of wild fowl, in this coun- irv wJ$ fufficiently manifcft.from the many prefcnts we ra'civcd, confiding frequently of twenty brace at a time. Wcfaw'i" amphibious animals on the coaft, except |- ]j ,nd thcfc were extremely numerous about the bay of Awatfka. Tlve fea-ottcrs found here, and thofc ■ i^jt ^^■ith At Nootka Sound, arc exadly the fame ; indhavc already been particulaily dcfcrihcil. They ere formerly in great abimdancc here ; but lincc the Kiillians have opened a trade with the ChimTc for tlieir ftins, where they bear a price fujKrior to any oilier kind of fur, the hunters have been induced to be fo in- defatigable in the purfuit of them, that very few re- train m the counrry. They are llill found in the Kurile lllands, though the number is inconliderablc. Filh'is the main article of fubliftcncc among the in- hibit.int5 of this peninfula, who cannot jJolliWy derive it fiihcr from agriculture or tattle. The foil, indeed, t^onU fome whoUComc roots, and every part of the cojntry produces gieat quantities of berries ; but filli alone mav be called th^jr Half of life, with more pro- priciy than bread in any other country; lor neither ihe inhabitants, nor their domellic animals of the ca- nine fjiecies, could poUibly cxill without it. Whales arc common in this country, and when taken ferve for a vanciy ot ufcs. After cleaning their intellincs. dry. in^ them, and blowing them like bladders, tliey deiwfit their oil and gieafe therein. Excellent fnares arc made of their nerves and veins ; in Ihort, no part of the whale ij ufclcfs in this pcninfula. We taught abundance of fitK Hat fifh, trout, and herrings. At one haul on the i^ihofMay, we dragged out above 300 Hat fith.befidcs a conlidirable quantity offca-trout. The firll herring feafon commences about the latter end of May. They vi'it the coalt in large (hoals, but continue no confidcr- ablctinic. Thefe firft arc excellent, as arc alfo large quantities of exceeding fine cod; and many ofour empty calks were filled with the former. But notwithftand- ing this abundance, it is on the lalmon fifhery alone that the inhabitants depend for their winter fullenance, The fifliing feafon begins about thcmiddle of May, and continues to the end of June. 'I'hc firft flioals that enter the mouth of the Awatlka, arc the largeft and moft cf- ifemcd. Three feet and a half is their uUiul length ; and they arc more than proportionably deep; their average weight being from 30 to 40 pounds. We had one of the firft that were taken, but not without being told, that it was the higheft compliment the Ivamtfcha- dalrt could polfibly confer upon us. It was formerly a ciillom among them to eat the firft fifti they caught, in the midft of great rejoicings, accompanied with many fuperflitious ceremonies. There is a fmaller fort of falmon, weighing from about 8 to 1 5 pounds, known by the name of the red filh, which airembic in the bays, ind at the mouths of the rivers, early in the month of No. 7I. ^37 June. From this time till toward* the end of Septem- ber, vaft quantities of them are taken upon the eaftern and weftern coafts, where the fea receives any frefli wa- "•■» and alfo up the rivers, almoft to their very fourcc. All the lakes which communicate with the fea abound with fifli, which have much the appearance of falmon,- and weigh ufually about five or fix pounds. The na- tives, we underftand, do not think it worth their labour to catch them. Thefe lakes being generally ftiallow, the filh become an eafy prey to bears and dogs, in the fummer feafon ; and from the quantities of bones ap- pearing upon the banks, vaft numbers of them fccm to have been devoured. The natives dry the principal part of their falmon, and fait but very little of it. They cut a lifh into three pieces. The belly-piece is firft taken oft. and then a flice along each tide of the back bone. The former, which is cllecmcd the beft, is dried and fmokcd : the other fticcs arc dried in the air, and are either eaten whole as a fubftitutc for bread, or pul- verized for pafte and cakes. The head, tail and bones are dried, and prefcrvcd for their dogs. I'he inhabitants of Kamtfchatka may be divided into three clafTes ; the Kamtfchadalcs, the UulTians and ColTacks ; and a mixture produced by their intermar- riages. The Kamtfchadalcs are a people of remote antiquity, and have inhabited this pcninfula for many ages; and they doubilcls defcended from the Manga- lians ; though Ibrnc have imagined they fprang from the Tongufian Tartars, and other* from the Japanefc, The Kullians, having made themfelvcs matters of that vaft extent of coaft of the Frozen Sea, cnablifned pofti and colonies, and appointed commilTaries to explore and fubjcA the countries ftill farther to the E. They foondilcovcred that the wandering Koriacs inhabited part of the coaft of the fea of Okoilk. and they found no difliculty in making them tributary. Thcfc not be- ing at a great dilfancc from the Kamtfchadalcs, with whom they had frequent intercourfc, a knowledge of Kamtfchatka inuft naturally follow j and the honour of the firft difcovery of this pcninfula is attributed to F'"c(vlot AlcxeiefF, a merchant, in the year 1648; but a ClolTatk, named Volodimer Atlaffotf is the unqucftion- ablc (irft acknowledged difcovcrer of Kamtfchatka. He was fcnt in 1697, in the capacity of commilTary from Jakutflc to the Anadirfk, with dircdions to call in the Koriacs to his afTiftancc, in order to difcover, and make tributary, the countries beyond theirs. With lixty RulTian foldiers, and as many ColFacks, he pene- trated in the year 1699, into the heart of the pcninfula, and gained the Tigil. In his progrefs he levied a tri- bute upon furs, and proceeded to the river Kamt- fchatka, on which he built an oftrog, now tailed Verchnei ; andl caving a garrifon of 16 CofTacks, re- turned to Jakutfk, with vaft quantities of valuable tri- butary furs, in the year 1700. Since which time to the grand revolt of the Kamtlthadales in 1731, the hife tory of this country p:-lcnts an unvaried detail of re- volts, malTacrcs, an J murders, in evcty part of the pc- ninfula. Though a great many of the inhabitants were loft, in quelling the rebellion of 1731, yet the country had afterwards recovered itfclf,and was become as po- pulous as ever in 1767 ; at which period the fmall pox was, for the firft time, introduced among them, by a foldier from Okotlk. It broke out with tury, and, in its progrefs was as dreadful as the plague; fecming almolt to threaten their entire extirpation. Twenty thoufand were fuppofcd to have died by this loathfome diforder in Kamtfchatka, the Kurile iftands, and the Koreki country. The inhabitants of whole villages werefome- times fwept away ; of which fufticient proof remains to this day. There arc eight oftrogs abour the bay of Awatlka, which, wc were informed, had been com- pletely inhabited, but now they arc all become defolatc, except St. Peter and St. Paul j and only fcven Kamt- fchadalcs, who are tributaries, refide in that. At the oftrog of Paratounca only 36 native inhabitants remain, including men, women, and children ; though it coi.- tamed 360 before it was vifited by the fmall pox. We paired no lefs than four extenfive oftrogs, in our jour- ney to Bolcheretlk, which had not a lingle inhabiiaat 7 Y in m-^ ' Iff ■' - ..'»f'i! 638 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGESCOMPLETE, m rltli in cither of them. We were informed by Major Bchm, that thofe who at this time pny tribute, including the Kuriles, do not exceed 3,000. The amount of the military forces, in five lorts, is about <|00, including Ruiruns and ColFacks. Nearly the fame number are f.iul to be at Ingiga ; which, though in the N. of the ptninfiii.i, is under the command of Kaintfchatka. The Kuirun traders and emigrants arc not very conli- ilcrable. The government, cflabliflicd in this country by the RulTlan', conlidtrcd as a military one, \i reniarkabiy mild and equitable. The natives arc permitted to clei.'i their own m.igiftratcs in their ancient mode. One ofthcfe, c.illfil a Toion, prclidcs over each oUrog, to whom all dilVerenccs arc referred. In foinc ililUicls, thi' ciiilv tribute cx.n;led is a fable's Ikin ; and in the Kurilc iHands, a fea otter's ; but as the latter is confi- itcr.ibly more valuable, the tribut? of fcvcral [Krfnns is paid with a lingle Ikin ; a tribute f) inconlidcrable can b.irJIy be conlidcied in any other light, than that of an .ivkiionlc.lgmcnt ot the Riillian dominion over them, liiit the KiiiH.insare not only to be commended for the mildnels of their government : they are alfo entitled to approbation for their fucccfsful endeavours in convert- ing the natives to Chriflianity, there bein^ now but very few idol iters remaining among them. 1 1 we Jorm a judgment of the other miftionarics from ihc brni volcnt p.ill.ir of P.iratounca, more fuitable pcilons could not polfibly be engaged in this bufintfs. The exports of this country conlift entirely of furs; and this bufinels i^chiitly conduiieil by a company of incrchints, ap|).)inted by the Ktnprcfs Tuelvcwas thenunfibrr ongin.illy, but three have (ince been added. Iklides a charterer grant ot pri\ileges, they are dif- tiiij^uillicd by Weiring a golil med.il, expriirr.e of the rniprcls's protn'tion of the fur trade, 'rhcre arc other inftTiar vKalers < hully C:o(i;itks,iri dillcrcnt p.irts of the c.iiin.iy. At what tiinc the princip.il merchants tc- nviin here, they relide either at llolcliTetlk, or the Nilhnci ollriij; ; the trade centering wholly in thofe two plices. 'I'his biifinefs was formerly carried on in the way of b.iriir, but every article is at prefent piir- challd w ith ready money, no inconliderable (juantity of fpecie being circulated in that wretched coiiinry. The ■furs pr(Hiuce a high pi ice ; and the natives require few- articles in return. Our failors brought a quantity of furs from the loail ot Amcrka, and were both plea*" d and altoiiiflied on receiving futh a qu.mtity of filver for them tioiu the merchants; but as they could not purchnfe gin or tobacco, or any thing ellc thit would afforii them any degree of entertainment, the roubles were foon coiifidcrcd as troublefoine companions, and they frequenily diverted ihcmfclves by kicking them about the deck. Our men receivcil thirty roubles ot a merchanr, for a fea-otter's (kin, and in the fame propor- tion (or others ; but the merchant uniicrllanding they had gre.rt i]u:i!itities to difjwfc of, and perceiving they were una.quainteil with traffic, he afterwards procured them at a much cheaper rate. Kiirojiennartit les arc the principal that arc im{>ortcd, but they art not lolely contined to Uullian manufac- tures. Thev come from Kngland, Holland, Siberia, Luchaiia, the C.'almucs, and China. They chicHy confid of coaife woollen and linen duths, (lockings, bonnets, and gloves; thin Perfian (ilks, pieces of nan- keen, cottons, haniikcrchic(<, both of fiik and cotton; iron (hives, brafs and copper pans, files, guns, jwwdcr and fliot; hatchets, knives, looking.glalFes, fugar, flour, boots, tx."':". Thefe commodities, wc oblerved, fold for three times the fum they might have been purchalcd for in England. And, noiwithdanding the inerchants have f<< extravagant a proht uj)on thcle im|Jorted good.<, they receive (till a greater advantage from the fale of the liirs at Kiachta, a conliderable market for them on the frontiers of China. In Kamtfchatka, the bell fea- ottcr Ikins ufually [)rodure about thirty roubles a-pieccj at Kiachta, the Chinefe merchant gives more than dou- ble that price, and dilpofes of them again at Fckin for a iiiucit greater fum; alter which, an additional profit is made of n)any of them at Japan. If, then, the original value of a (kin at Kamtfchatka is thirty roubles, and it fs afterwards tranfported to Okotfk, thence by land ty' miles to Kiachta, thence 760 miles to Pekin, and ati * that to be tranfported to J.ipan, what a lucrative tru(' might be cdablifhed between Kamtfchatka and J,,.,,',!,'^ which is not above three weeks fail from it, at thi. m' moll .' It may be necefTary to obfervc, that the print' pal and moff valuable part of the fur trade, liij airon" the idands between Kaintfchatka and Aiierica. Qf..^ ing fird difcovered thefe in 1741, and as ilicy «„ found to abound w ith fea-otters, the UiilFian inctdia,,' fought anxiouily (or the other illands feen by ih,,, „ ' vigator, S. K. of Kamtfchatka, named in Mulkr's niat the Hlands of St. Abraham, Seduction, cv:c. 'IhcviiM in with no lefs thin three groups of iflanils, in lin'f. expeditions. The firft, about i 5 deg. li. of K.inu' fchatka; another, 12 deg. K. o( the (ormer ; jmlih" third, Oonal.ifhk.i, and the neighbouring illan.is. Thci meic.intile adventurers alio proceeded as far as Shi, inagin's Kl.inds, of which Koiliak is the laif;ilh Bir here tiiey met with fo warm a reception, for attiinpti,, to compel the payment ot a tribute, that thty nci ^ ventured fo far again. Ihc three groups biiorc-min! tioned, however, were made tributary, 1 |;e whole I * brtween Kamtfchatka and America is, accoulini^toth' Uulii.in charts, covered wuh illands ; for, as iholc u','^ were en^rafjed in thefe expeditions, frequently t,|]','' with land, which they fiippofed did not tally \mi|,,i, lituation laid down by pieccding ajvciuurcis, ihcv mi mediately lupp.ifeil it to Ik a new dilcoviry, aiij ,/ |)orteil It accordingly on their return ; and, as'tluTe \ i (els were ulually out three or (our ycais, ami fiiiiKiiu, ' 1 mfjer, Inch miftakcs could not mmiediately he ,^ tificd. It is pretty certain, however, th.it only ihuf' idvids which have hrcn enuinei.ifd, have beendifio. vered in that fea by the ;tui;ians, S. of 6j deg. |,,t,[,jj|.' The fea otter fkins, u '.ich are certainly the mult vain." .i|)le aiticle in the fur trade, arc pruKip:ilJy dux\ (lom ihcfe illands J which being now uii.Ur ilic Ki,l lian diiminion, the merchants have factors relidin^m fciilements there, (iir the (ole purjiofe ol bartuiim*,!!, the natives. To exielKl tliis trade, an exp ,||(i„n i,„ fitttilout by the admiralty of Okotik, to make liiku- vei.es to the N. and N. l'^. of the above-minticR.J illands, and the coiiimand of it given to I.iciitcn.int .Svnd. Hut, as this gentleman direJed hiscourfeii« tar N. he did net fu xeed in the ol>|rct ot his \ova,x for as wc never t'.iiind a fea-otter N. of Hriltoi |«y' they, perhaps, av(ud thofe latitudes where larjje amphi! bious lea animals are numerous. 'I ho Rulluni lia^c not (ime undertaken any expedition (br iiiakiiiy duiu- vcries to thecaiUanl; but they will, probably, nuke an advantageous life ot mir difcovery ot Ciuk's incr Notttithllanduig the geiural iniercourle lutv-ienihe natives, the Kullian«, and Coffacks, the form r arc ai much difiinguiihid iroin the Liter by their hatvitsar.J dil)X)lition,as by tl-.eir features and genenl lij;uic. .As the ptrfonsol the natives have already hceii Jtllnb- ed, we (hall onlv a,!d, that, in their (laiure, tl.i yanbdow the common heigl.t, whiih .NUjor Bchm at i:i)i,tcs to their marrying (oveiy early ; both (exes ufi.illy rngig. ing in the conjugal Ilite at i.j or 14 y.ms ci| a^c. 'I hey are exceedingly in.iuflrious, and may bcprojx/iy contialled with the Kutllans and C.:ollacks, who fn- quently internurry with them, apparently, (or no other reafon, but that they may be lupported m l.izmcfs and floth. To this inactivity may Ix- attributed thofe (car- butic complaints, which moll of them are drradlullv artlided with ; whilft the natives, who cxcrcifc in the open .lir, entirely tlcape ihem. Their habitations coniill ot three diilincft forts;jourts, balagans, and log-hoults which are here called illus; they inhabit the tirlt in the winter, and thcietondin thcfummer; the third arc introduced by the RuHianj, wherein only the wealthier people re/ide. The jmms arc thus conflrudted. A kind of oblong fquare is dug about lix feet deep in the earth ; the diincnfuins muii be proportioned to the numlKrs who are to inhabit it, for It is ufual (or teveial to live together in the fame jourt. Strong wooden polls, or pillars, are fallcHcd in the *^- ^'•V.U^ifciitC lis thirty roubles, and It is (tfk, tliencc by iund i jf, nilcs to I'ckin, and atur n, what a lucrative trad Kamtfchatka and J,M„p' LS fail from ir, at tin. m,' obfervc, that the pn,,, ,[ the fur trade, Im anioiw tka and Ancrica. fleer. 1741, and as they m„J TS, the Hulfian merchant,, ■ illands fecn by tliHt n,i. , naiTicd in Mullet's map iduOtion, cv:c. '1 hey tell ,)ups of illaniis, in lln(,. lit 1 5 dc^;. E. of K.inn. ;. ot the formtr j ami the Rhbourinjriil.in.is. Thcic irncredcd iis far as bhu. diak is the hujicll 1J|,[ rtcrption, for aiieiiipt,,,,, I tribute, lh:it they ncv,^ three groups l>elnre-mtn. ribu(ary. llie whole (u KTitiiis, according to ihc Hands J for, as thole »l,„ It ions, freiiucntly ),]| i,, i\\ did not tally wiili|i^ ingaJvcnturcLs.thcv 111,. I nc« dilcoviry, anj rc- rctutn; and.iis'thcfe v,(. uur years, an., Imiikiuius lot ininiediattiy |,e J^^, ottcvtr, th.it iinlyihule crated, have been dif, 0. IS, S. offiodei,'. I.uitmjf. ; certainly the molt vaju. , arc iiriiieipally ,|ra.,„ iHi^ iiDiv uii^i.r the Kul. have faciors rclidm^ in )uri)r.lo ol lurtu:ng»,iti [rajr, an cxjj ditmii «« Okotfk, 10 make diko- af the abovc-mcntiuncii I it jjivcn to Liciitcnint directed his courll- too ihc ob|eclot his voy.i,^c; otter N. of liriUoi hi^\ udcs where large aiiiphi- iis. 'I ho Kullianj ha^c dition for making diku- 7 will, prolialily, nuke ifcovcry ol C uk's incr. micrcDurl'c bcivucn [he Packs, the fnnu r arc a a:;cr by their hahits »r,J and i^entnl licuic. lavcalrcadybcciulcHrib- cirdauiro, tlu van. below ajor Behm atuibutesio 10th (exes uf lally fngag- i,{ or 14 y.jis (i| ,ij;c. luj, am! m.iy be properly jnd l!oliack.s, who Ire- apparently, fur no oilier ipportcd ui lazincfs and be attributed thole (cor- o( tbein arc drfadfully 'ts, who cxcrcife in the irfediilindforisijourts, h are here called illui; nter, and the ffcoinim rtduced by the Ruflians, oplc rcfidc. The jmms of oblonjT fquare is dug h ; the ditncnfions mull 1 who are to inhabit it, ^c together in the fame r piilari, arc falicKcd in the /■l,,l.v /<^ 7/.ltrHOfk U.lljiiiii )I1ir1i \(,,j(i.r .J' V/. Iti-ritlilliuit . II,,. I, Kilrl' .'' I ■!' ■'• !■'"" ""•»' K->f4*>i •/rv/ -f ' Ii'l'#l0l «*/ ' Cl'aul 1' 1. A ^' t/„- /i .1 y ■•/' .\ W A 'J* S U A • •/I f/ie I'. .IS T t' I'.J .V ■/' <'/' IvANt T Sl'HA I K A )'],rnfiH>ul>it NhuIh' 7'J/.: JVIilvj iS^ I,0niiMi J'tiM^eA^/ fir. //A.'y/'5jV . »/ *^ AuH^^ Itiii^ - / '■""' Jirf.'tiMfe/ : Koif *ll;; V I' B I ■^» '• .'"I v\ Hi iM ■ r' m If' }^Sm myL . %' 1* f ill f-r , ii^ r tj. i; iH^t ■ill Hh'h 11 il!^ Ufl i tl •ir f« ::' r" ' JyHH r/-ri.s ifii' "'W i 1, 'H ifrw^ 1' --ll- s iii i< i ll !f*^ if m .It il ,■ : !' r ■' "Il hf. * ■■ IM k^r I 1 low HBwj «i 111 1 HMb HIb 1i Mm NHki !■' M Hu 1 np„ ,. 'If'! It, 1 1 f i . . 1^ im W, IM , I I: I I IH: MM' J i iff I ■I j "I :'; cillll'^- K^ ■vr" ' f^> .^ ?^m I lO" /'■ ^i' H. k •^vt* i,.-^.m > «fi ^ k W»i rlji/i II 'm t. \'LiM ■^5 >l ^ nA;;' :;:i' COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 639* m Up ground, at equal didances from each other, on hich the beams intenJeii to fupport the roof arecx- *niicd ; which is formed by joilh, one end of which 'il upon the ground, and the other on the beams. Rctwei" the joifts, the intcrfticcs are tilled up with Ylfcr work, and turf is fpread over the whole. The jicrnal appearance of a jourt, refi.niblesa round fquat hllock. A hole, fervingfor a chimney, window, and door, u 'eft ill tlic center, and the inhabitants go in and Ml by the aflirtancc of a long pole, having notches dccpcniiigh to afford a little fccurity Tor the toe. On h- lide, and even with the ground, there is another en- irince, appropriated to the ufc of the women ; but it a p'alTcs in or out of this door, he becomes as niiich nobieft of ridicule, as a failor who defccnds through Lbbci's h"lc A jourt conlids of one apartment, forming an oblong Iquare, Brojd platforms, made of uoariis, arc extended alcng the iides, at the height of bout (ix inches from the ground ; which fcrvc them J^. Cttinjr on, and on which they rcpofc ; litil taking ' la cover them with mats and Ikins. The lirc- iIkCis""""' tide, and, on the other, their provilions 'inhiiliiury utenlils are flowed. When they makecn- Jntainiiunis, the complmient is confidercd in propor- ,l,n to the iicHi of the [ourts ; the hotter they arc made, i,! moii; gracious is the rtwption of the gucfh con- I'n'J. We ilwavs found them fo extremely hdt as tbcin; ilei «S^le. They generally retire to tiieir |ourts aiwuitlic inui.tic of ()> lober.and continue m them till I'le month of M.iy :■> more than half expired. To erect l^i;,^,.,n, nine polts .irr fixed into the earth, in three ,1 ,il.iiro«s.at equal dillanccs from each other, to the 1^^ ;,[ 111 .i'i)Oiit 1 2 t>r I j tcct from the furfacc. About pKit Irimi ihcgiouiul, rafters are laid from poll to Ui, ami lecurcly l.iaened by Urong ropes. The joifh jcc iiul "pn thcle rafters, and a turf covering com- l,,,,., the platform or floor of the balagan. A roof of stoniial li;,iirc is railed upon this, by means of long iioles.whicli are lalKned tothe rafters, at one end, and p,(i.[ii.|.cilur in a point at the top. The whole is to- vctcJ, iir lather thatched, with a rcarle kind of giali. Thtlc funimcr habitations have two doors, placed di- u^ijy opjxifite to each other, to which they alVend by ,(,(. fame kind of lidders that arc ulcd in the jourts. Ill the lower part, which is left entirely open, they dry thiir fill], vegetables, and other articles intended lor the icmiuMiptionot the winter. Though fix families ufually h\c together in one jourt, a balagan is fcldom occupied by more than one at a tunc. The ilbas, or log.houfcs, arc thus cre:lcd : long timbers arc piled hori/.ontally, witl, tfie ends let into each other, and the leains arc '^'iv. iijj ur caulked with mofs. Like thofc of our .H.\:iv,<\ cottages, the roof is Hoping, and thatched I I j;ra» or ruflics. Kach log-houfe has three :' V :i. ■ tn the infide. One end may be faid to be a - •' ry, which extends the whole width and iici(,,. r tf>t houfe, and fecms to be a kind of rccep- iicle tor tU. .r bulky articles, as fledges, harnefs, &C. This has a c )mmunication with their bcl^ apartment, whkh IS in the middle, and is turniflicd vith broad benches, calculated both for eating aiid flccping upon. A door leads from this into the kitchen, alinnff half of whidh is. taken up with an oven, or firc-pIacc; which ia let into the wall that feparatcs the middle apartment and the kitchen, and is fo conflrudcd as to coinniuni- cate the heat to both rooms at the fame time. Theic arc two lofts over the kitchen and middle apart, nenr, to which the inhabitants afccnd by a ladder plac.-il in the entry for that purpofe. Each apartment has two fmall windows made of talc, and among the inferior people, of fifh-fkin. The boards and beams of their habitations, are fmootlicd only with a hatchet, (iir they arc flrangcrsto the plane; and the fmoke has rendered them of a deep fliiniiig black. In Kamtfchatka, an oflrog is called a town, and con- lifls offc-vtral houfes or habitations of the various kinds above-mentioned. Balagaiis arc conlideiably the moft numerous; and it is rcmarkal^lc that we never law a houfe of any kind that was detached from an oflrog. There are, in St. Piter and St. Paul, fcvcn lo^-houles. nineteen balagans, and three jourts. Paintminca Is nearly of the fame lize. Karatchin and Natcheekin have not fo many log-houfcs as the former, but rather more balagans and jourts ; whence it may be concluded that fuch is the moll general lize of an oflrog. The drefs of the Kamtfchadale women having al- ready been defcribed, we tliall proceed to that of the men. The upper garment rclcmbles that of a w.ig. goner's frock. If for f'ummcr wear, it is inadc of nan- keen ; if intended for winter, it is made of a Ikin, (generally that of a deer or dog) having one fide tanned, and the hair preferved on the other, which is worn in- nermofl. A clofc jacket of nankeen, or fiiii;e other cotton fluff, is the next under this; and beneath that, a fljirt made of thin I'crfian filk, of a red, blue, or yel- low colour. They wear alio a pair of lon^' breeches, or tight trowfers, of leather, reaching below the calf of the leg. They have l.kewife a pair of boots, iriade of dog or deer fkin, witii tlie hair innermcll. They have a fur cap, having two flips that arc ufually tieil up clofe to the head, but arc permittid to (all rdtmd the flioulders in bad weather. The fur drcls, which was prefentcd by Major Behm's fon to Captain King, is one of thofe worn on ceremonious octalions by the Toions. It is fliapcd like the exterior g.irment we have juft defcribed, and conliflsof finall triangular pieces of fur, chequered brown ami white, and fo ingeniouMy joined as to appear to be of the fame fkin. A border, of the breadth of fix' inches, curiouliy wrought with different coloured threads of leather, furrounds the bottom, and produces a rich cfl'ecf. A broad edging of the fca-ottcr's fkin is fuQicndcd to this. The flccves are ornamented with the flime materials. An edging of It alfo encircles the neck, and furrounds the open- ing at the bread. It is lined with a l)eautiful white fkin. And the prefent was accompanied with a pair of gloves, a cap, and a pair of boots, executed with the utmoU neatnefs, and coinpofed of the fame ma- terials. The Kuflians who refide in Kamtfchatka, wear the European drefs ; and the uniform worn by the troops here, is of a dark green turned up with red. C H A P. '■ :.ri I'll It I » \-l I |i4 6^4 I II il Mi i . '" iW Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. CHAP. XX. Alt account of the Kiirile Ijltinds — Plan of future operations— The Rffolution and Dtfcovery, on quilting the B,iy of A\r > /ail along the coafl — A violent Jbrm — Proceed for the Tjland of Japan — Defer iption of a jfapancfe wffFl-~Pro,]."\'' of the voyage to Qjina, in which three ijlands are difcozrred— Fruit lefs fearch for the Bafiee Ijlands — The Grai,j"'l ' drone IjianJ — Journals, and other papers relating to the hiflory of the voyage, delivered up — The /lips approach M, . Captain King dtf patched to vifti the Portuguefe Governor — They anchor in the Typa—Cjptain King, accompanied /!"/" fecond Ueutenant and others, proceed to Canton — His reception at the Engli/b FaHory — Sufpieious charaller of ibfrj'! fiefe — Obfervalions relative to the city of Canton — Captain King vifits a Chinefe of thefirji diflinllion — His rau Macao— Great demand for thefta-otters-Jkins, and its rffcH on ourfeamen — Plan of a voyage for opening afur ir!,]''^ tbewejiern coa/l of Nortb-Amertru, and making Jiirther difcoveries in the neighbourhood of China and jfapan—^;'^ ''"' and other Jirilhires. miiiul TH E people fituatcd to the N. and S. of Kamtf- chatka, being but imperfciflly known, \vc fhall, before wc proceed to the continuation of our voyage, give fuch information as wc have been able to acquire rcfpeding the Kurilc lllamls, the Korcki, and Tfchuilki. The Kuriles arc a chain of iflands, extend- ing from the fouthern promontory of Kamtfchatka to Japan, in a S. \V. diredion. The inhabitants of the neighbourhood of I.opatka, who were called Kuriles, gave ihefe iflands tlic fame name, as foon as they be- came acquainted With them. Spanberg makes their number amount to a2, exclufive of the very fmall ones. The northcrnmort illand is called Shocmflta, and lies about three leagues dirtant from the p omontory of Lopatka, its inhabitants confiding of :< mixture of na- tives and Karntfchadales. The next, niincd I'aramoufir, is confiderably larger than She *■.•' and is inhabited by the real natives, whofc an( ( . :y fay, came from an idand called Onecutan,3 h.. • ler to the S. The Ruffians paid their firft vifit to, ; twoidands in 1713, and addrd then* to the dominions of the Em- prefs. The others, as far as Oofhcflieer inclufive, are now made tributary, if we may rdy upon the informa- tion of the worthy paflorof Paratounca, their mifllon- ary ; who pays thcin a vifit once in three years, and ircntionsthe iflanders in the moll rcfpcilable terms, extolling them for their hofiiiiality and humanity j and that they excel their Kamtfi hadale neighbours as much in the gr.icefuinels of their pcrfons, as m their docility and undcrllanding. Though the ifland of Oollicfliecr is the farthcfV to the S. of anv under the dominion of Ruffia, yet they arc faid to trade to Ooroop, which is the 1 8th in order; and is the only one that has a good harlwur for vcirds of burthen. Nadecgfda lies to the S. of this, and is faid to be inhabited by a race of men who are remarkably hairy, and who live m a llateof perfeo^ independence, like thofe of Ooroop. Nearly in the lamcdircdion he a'group of iflands called jeefo, by the Japanefc; a name alio given by them to the chain of iflands between Kantfchatka and Japan. That called Matmai, the farthell to the S. belongs to the Japanefc, and has a garrifon and fortifications on the (ide towards Ihe continent. The iflanders of Kunachir.and Zellany, to the N. R. of Matmai, and three others.callcd the Three Siftcr5,ftilirarthcrtotheN. E. are entrciv independent. The inhabitants of Matmai barter with thole of the ifl ands laft mentioned, as well as with thofc of ;he Kuriles tothc northward. Many of the inhabitantiofthofe iflands that are under the dominion of RufTia, arc now con- verted to Chriflianity. And perhaps the time it not far diilant, when an advantageous commerce will lie car- ried on between Kamtfchatka and this cxtenfive chain of illands, which may afterwards produce a communi- cation with Japan iifelf. The advantages that muf^ in- fallibly accrue to the Ruffians by cflablifliing a com- merce with the Japanefc are fufli(.icnily obvious. In the country of Kortki are two dillinft nations, called the wanduing and fixed Koriacs. Part of the flhmui of Kamtfchatka is inhabited by the former, ai •i well all the coall of the eaflern ocean, from thence to the Anadir. The nation of the wandering Koriacs, caic.ids weftward towards the river Kovyma, and along iheN. E. of the fea of Ukorfk, ai far as the river Pen- (kina. The rcfcmblancc between t"«e fixed Koriacs, and the Kamtfchadales, is very linking: both couutries dc- 3 pcnd alike on fifhing for fubfiftence. Their cloath and habitations arc equally fimilar. The fixed Ko '^^ are under the diltrict of Ingiga, and arc tribiur^' Ruffia. The wandering Koriacs are employee wh '^ in breeding and palluring deer, and are ""-id m h '^ immenfe numbers in their poffcflioii; it beini;,^ -, ^*' for a fingle chief to have a herd of 5,000. lL ^^'^ flcfli of thefe animals they fubfifl, having .in avfrli^. "^ every kind of fifli. They eredl no Balagans; thcironli f^\ tations being fomcwhat like the Kamtfchadalcioiutc ccpt that.in winter.they are covered with rawttcct n','" and, in fummcr, with fuch as have been tanned. 1 '!, ' fledges arc drawn only by deer, and thofc that arc 'J'l in drawing them feed in the fame pafliire u •(, 1 others. When they are wanted, the hcrd(in:iii t,,i' ^! ufe of a certain cry, which. Ixing very familiariu I' .' they obey, and quit the herd immcdiatclv. Jh ■ '" nations of the Koriacs, anil the Tfcluitl1ti,'ni,ikcu| " dilVerent diale(;ls of the f.ine language; but it hj '^' the fmaliefl allinity to ihat ot the Kanufchadalc. 'n. Tfihutfki are a courageous, well made, warlike n-^ people ; andsrc forniuiable ntighlxjurs to the Ki, ' of tioth nations, who oftm experience their dci 1 ' tions. The country inhabited by the THhuiQ;' '" boundtion3 for the regulition of theprdr- voyage, the Lords of the Admiralty l;sd imruricij.h' Comm-inding Ollicer of tlic cxiwduicn with a J,f. r " tionary jHiwef, in cafe of nut fucrceding in tlu- ; j. ve-y of J pa(ri{',c from the Ricilic Ocean into ihi \^ lantic, to mikc choice, in his return to Knj:l,iiKl, of whatever route he flimild judge proper; the Gmm-. dore iherc'ore delired, that the pr.ncipal ofiitcri wiuij deliver their Itntimcnts, ;n writing, relative to the 11 ale in which tlicle infUuclioiis might moll cfleciiialiv be carried into execution. 'I he rcfult of their ppuiMnj which, to his great latisfartion, he found unar.m (Hi,i and perfedly agreeing with his own, w:i.s. that the con- dition of the lliips, their fails, cordage, Hie. rendcrnl ii hazardous and unfafe to make any attempt, as the win- ter was now approaching, to navigate the lea hf[«c;:i Afiaand Japan, which would otherwife have oprnchu us the inofl copious field for difcovcry; that it »ji therefore nwft prudent to fleer to the call ward nf th.it ifland, and in our wav thither.to failalung the l.dnb, arid examine particularly thole iflands that are rmutett nearcft to the not them coafl of Japan, which arc laiJ to be of confiderable extent, and not fubyfi tn ihe Riiflians or Japanefc. Should wc have tlw ^xxj for- tune to meet with fome fecure and commodious har- bours' in any of thefe illands, we fuppofed they iiu'ht prove of confiderable importance, as conveniciuiilau, of flieltcr for fubfequcnt navigators, wno might be 111:- ployrd in exploring the leas, or as the means ol pin- ducing a commercial intercuurfe among the adjacent dominions of the two above-Hientioncd cmpiict. Our E T E. Japamje veffel—Proj}.;^,'^ %ee Ijlunds—Thc Cna„4 / ' 'TbrJ/y,ps approach M,,^,^" in Kwg, accompanifii U T fpicious charaf/rr of ih} r,'-' rjl diflinflm—Hi! raj"' ^gf for opening a fur tr,j, ' aina and yapa„~-A,,^,.-^^ jfiftencc. Their cloath,„ im.lar. The fixed Ko^ giga, and arc tribiiUr' ;' ariacs arc employee wh.,% deer, and are '•-id ,„ k, ' wflcdioii; itbeing. .. '"^ hcrdofj.ooo. Upo,;i.! Jbfift, having an avcrli-n. noBalagansjthcironli^s,' thcKamtfchadalfiomr'c '■ covered with r.i\vdccr.|l,',p, shave been tanned, l}.',; :cr, and ihofc thnt ivc tM the fame pafliire u.-h •! . ntcd, the hcrdlm.inii.i"' Xing very familiar ,„ ""' rd iinmcdiatdv. n the Tfchutllii; make u!,„ Hangunge: butuh,;n„ il the KaiiKlchadale fh. well made, warlike n-c '. ntighbourt to tl,c Km .\ experience their dq-ci' lilted by the TllluKlk "?. the S. and cxtcmi^ ;,. -i . ntion, l:I;c that f)!il; -,,','" chicHy lo their deer UMh •!. 'l"hcRiiflianshav;i-^ iijdcr their doiiimjoi,;"' t number of n.eii in("i;i ,' yet been able to a- 'ir! line to reiummthchu :c known the plan 01, ,; ■ rcgul.ition of th; pnf -; Imiralty liad iiitrurifiiihj txpeduicn With a J.f. .-,' fucrceding in the ^Vj. .icific Oce.iii into the Al- ls return to Knf;l.iiitl, ,i( ■igi- proper ; the Giii.m-. ie principal oiikcrswiHilJ riting, relative to the II ujc nMght 111(11 ttteciualiv be rcfult of their oiunioni, ion, he found unar.uiou!] lis own, w:i.sth,it the call , cori|jj;c, iic. rendtrcl ,t cany attempt, as the «in. ) navigate the lea hemctn iothervvifc have opened !u or difcovery; that i[ hjs ir to the call ward ol thjt ■,to fail along the l.jnio!, fc iflandsthat are litiuted of japan, which arc laiJ :, and not fuhj-'rt to the Id wc have thi. ^;ixxl for- irc and commodious har- wc fuppofed they iiii ;!it incc, as convenient plai t , ;ators, wno might be cm- or as the mcani ol pm- utfc among tlic adjacent mentioned cmpiici. Our ncvt 1 «.: !'!»'. u"t'i.J M\fV»K*.%fV.\niSfO.\fuMV\i%i i^.Ot; >^A>JAA>.>Jlu.««/.tV.iUJUV.MUJU».U!U.kW^ ^ \ MM •y. MM X x* '/ k .(,;i!i,| ,:* "i i ;f,^ ■1' i.' if f t' i»ii.'';;x' m Bi^Hj m Hi' nmrm m 'i ' '■' Uili^H I ^Kfi %':[ ■ pPi 'm 1" ' '■ 1 ililr iil 1; r li # COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 64J nexc obje<^ vva» to take a fiirvcy of the Japaiiefe Ides j ifter which we dcfigned to make the coaft of China, as far to the N. as might be in our power, and then to proceed to Macao. This plan being adopted. Captain tipjT received orders, in cafe the two (hips (hould fepa- rjie. t" repair, without delay, to Macao. 0(1 Saturday, the 9th of Odlober, at (yt o'clock, n i^j.hnving cleared the entrance of the Bay of Awat- Aj we made fail to the S, E. At midnight we had a icii calm, which continued till noon of the following day. A breeze fpringing up from the W. about three o'clock, P. M. we fteered to the S. along the coaft. A ticad-Und now opened with Cape Gavareea, in the di- rection of S. byW. lituated nearly 20 miles beyond it. On Monday, the i ith, at noon, we obfcrved in lat. 52 deg. ■ mm. long. 158 Jeg. 3^ min. Cape Gavareea bearing j^'.bvW. one quarter W. and the fouthern exrcinity 3 W. half W. Wc were now at the dilhnce of 9 or lomilcs from the ncareft part of the coaft, and per- ceived the whole inland country covered with fnow. A point oUand towards the S. formed ti.e northern lide of a doep bay, diflinguilhcd by the name of Ach.ich n. llio;, to the fouthward of «rhich, th? land did not exhi- bit Inch a rugged and barren afpcc't, as was o jlervable inthitpirtof the country which wc had before palfid. On ruffday, the 12th, at fix o'clock P. M. wc dif- ccmcd, from the mall-head, Cipe Lopatka, which is tht mod fo'''hern extreme of Kamtrchuka. This, by jccuMtc obfervations, wc found tobe in lat, 5 1 deg. and inthf long, oi 1 56 deg. 45 mm. We p.-rceived, to the S. W. ot It, a very lotty mountain, wfiofe fiiiumit was loli in the clouds. Atthe fame inftant, the firll ot the Kuriltiflands, named Shooitilki, nude us appearance, inthc dirCLtion of \V. half S. On Wcdncfday, the 1 3th at day-brctik, we defcricd the fccond of the Kurile liljndi, named Paramaulir, by the Ruffians, extend, ng from W. halt S. to N. W. by W. This land was cx- ccaiingly high, and almoft covered with fnow. The i'li;id is the largellof the Kunles; ami its fouthern ex- i:cniity, IhnJi, according to our computation, 111 lat. ,,^dcg. 5^ I'^i 1. the northern extremity wc pl.ice in lat. ;:) leg. 46 min. long. 10 deg. W, of Cipe Lopatka. Ujring the two following days, the wind, blowing trelh lro;ii;hc W . oblit^ed us to llcer to t he fouth « ard, and con- f:qj«ntlv prevented us from feingany more of the Ku- i;;ci. On .Saturday, the irtth, our lat. was 45 deg. 27 mm. our long, deduced from man> lunar o:)li:rva'.ions tikcnthe throe preceding days, was 155 d g. 30 min. and the variation 4 deg. 30 mm. TH. in thu fKuaiiun, »c «cre alinod cncompalFcd by the real or pretended liilcoverics of prior navigators; not one of which wc ««rc fortunate enough to meet with in our courfc. The mnd having veered lit the afternonn to the northward, we hauled round to the W. In the courfe of this day, ucobfcrvcd fcvcra) albttrofles, fulmars, and numerous tlocks of gulls : wc alfo faw a number of fil}i,callcd gram- pulTcs by our failors; but we were rather inclined to ludgc, from the appearance of thofc which palled clofe by our veiids, that they were the Kafatka, or fword-6lh. S'jnday, the 17th, wc obfervcd in lat. 45 deg. 7 mm. long. 15^ deg. On the 19th, at two o'clock A. M. wc hauled our wind, and (lood to the fouthward till live, at «hich time a violent (lurm reduced us to our courfcs. Though troin the unfavorable (late of the weather, there ttas but little probability of i.ur making the land. (Hir attention was Hill anxioufly dircfled to this objcdi .111 Ion the apixarance of day. light, we ventured to liter W. by H. We proceeded on the fame coutfc till 10 oVI.HJt, when the wind fuddcniy veered round to the S, W. attended with fair weather. Scarce had wc a- Niilcd ourfelvcs of this, by letting out our reefs, and fct- iing the top- fails, when it began to blow with fuch ve- hemence, that we were under the nectlTity ot clofe reef- ing again ; and, about noon, the wind Ihiftmg more to thcW. wc were prevented from continuing any longer imthis tack: we therefore put about, and flood towards the S. We were now in lat. 44 deg. 1 a min. long. 1 50 lii'g. 40 min. fo that, alter all our exertions, wc had the mortihcation of finding ourfelvcs, according to the Kuinsii charts, upon the fame meridian with Nadccgf- No. 7 a. da, which they rcprcfcntas the mod fouthcrly of all the Kurile illands. Though the violent and advcrfe winds that wc had met with for (ix days pafl, had deprived us of an opportunity of getting in with thefc iflandi, ycc the courle on which we had been obliged to proceed, did not prove altogether detlitute of geographical ad- vantages : for the group of iflands, comprehending Zellany, Kunafliir, and the Three Sitters, which, in the maps of M. D'Anville, are laid down in the track we had jufl crolFcd, are, by this means, demonftrably re- moved from that pofuion; and thus an additional proof is obtained of their being lituated to the W. where Cap- tain Spanberg has placed them, between the longitudes of 1 42 and 147 deg. But this fpace being occupied, in the French charts, by Staten Illand, and part of the fuppofed land of Jcfi), the opinion of Muller becomes highly probable, that they are all the fame lands ; and, as we have no rcafon to call in queftion the accu- racy of Spanberg, we have, in our gcncr.il chart, rein- dated Kunafhir, Zelany, and tlie TiirceSidcrs, in their proper fituation, and have totally omitted the red. When wc confidcr the manner in which the Rudians have multiplied the iflands of the nor:hcrn Archipe- lago, not only from the want of accuracy in afccrtain-' ing their real polition, b"Ut likewife from th<; dclirc, na- iuial to mankind, of prop.igating new difcovcrics, we ihall not be furprized, that ti-.e fame ciufcs fliould pro- duce dinilar edecls. It is thus that the finds of Jefo, winch anpcar, as well from the earlicd traditions among the KiilFiins, as from the accounts of the JapSTicfe, to be no oiner than the Kurile Idands, have been imagined to be dittiniil from the latter. De Gama's land is next on record j and this was originally reprefented as being nearly the lame in liiuation wiih thofc we have jud mentioned ; but it was afterwards removed, in order to make room for Staten 's IQand, and the company's landt and as Jefo, and the mod fouthcrly of the Kunles, had likcwilc poflefTion of this fpacc, that nothing might be lod, the tonncr had a place provided for it wed- ward, and the latter towards the E. As, according to the Kuilian charts, the ides of Kunadiir and Zellany, were ilill to the S, wc entertained fome hopes of being able to make them, and, with this view, kept the head ot the rtefulution towardf the W. as much as the w ind would permit. On Wednclday, the 20th, at noon, wc cbfcrvcd m lat. 43 deg. 47 min. long. 1 50 deg. 30 min. We were then danding to the W. by S. with a gentle breeze from the S. E. but about three o'clock P. RI. the wind, Ihitting to the N. W. point, began to blow with fuch violence, that wc were brought under imr mizen tlay-fail, and fore-fail. For the followin;^ 24 hours we had heavy rain, and vehement fquulls; and as the wind continued to blow Irom the N. VV, our attemptsto make the land were rendered abortive ; and wc were at length obliged to rclinquidi all further thoughts of difcovery to the northward of Japan. To this difappointmcnC wc fubmitted with the greater reludance, as our curio- fity had been confiderably excited by the accounts that are given of the natives of thefc idands. On the 1 1 d, in the afternoon, an accident befel our diip, the Rcfo- lution J for the leach-rope of her foie-top-fail gave way, and fplit the fail. This having frequently hap- pened during the life of Captain Cook, he had, on fuch (Kcafions, ordered the foot and leach-ropes of the top- fails to be taken out, and larger ones to be fixed in their room ; and thcfe likewife proving incapable of fupport- ing the drain that was on ihem, gave him good reatbn to obfervcto us, that the jud proportion of drength be- tween the fail and ihofciopes, iscxtremely mifcalculaied in our fervice. On the i*d, in the morning, we let out the reefs of our top-tails, and carried mure fail. At noon, wc found ourfcl.'cs tt> be in lat. 40 deg. 58 min. long. 148 deg. 17 min. variation ot the needle 3 deg. £. This day fome birds adbrded us clear indications that we were not at any conliderable didance from land : with this hope we (leered to the W. N. VV. in which direcUon were (ituated, at the didance of about 50 leagues, the fouthernmott idands, fecn by Captain I~ Spanberg, and laid to be inhabited by hairy men. At eight o'clock, the following morning, a irefli breeze 7 Z fpiinging ■ i if, .3 t4t- t U C) K's V I) ^ A U E S C O M F L li T E. ■ 1 H 1 1 1^1 I K 1 1 itt m ill HI 1; '■'! 'i fpi.ngiiiir u|),\vi'h\ extinded from N. W. by N. to .S. hall K. and was principally bold and clilfy. T he low ' a| e above-meniioi.cd, was alv-ut lix leagues diftant. be.iiing N. \*'. bv W. and the northern point of iheinht was in the direction of S. three quarters W. Our lat. by (ibl'erv.itim, was4odeg. 5 min. and our long. 1)2 deg. 2H mm. 'Hie moll northerly land in vie w, was luppolcd by us to be the notthern extreme of Japiin. It IS fonicwliat lower than the other parts; and ijoin tlie range ol ti.e elevated lands that were difccrned ov. r i( In 11)1 the malt- head, the ( oaft manifeftly appeared to trend to the- wetlward. 1 he northern point of the inlet was imaginetl by us to be Cape Nambu; and ivc coniecluret), that the town, which Janlcn calls N'abo,' flood 111 a break of the high land, towards which the inlet app.ireiuly dir-v.'ted iifelf. The neighbouring country is of a moderate elev,'\tion, and has a double range of mountains, h is well liirnillied with wood, and exhibiis a vam ry offilealing hills and d.iles. Wc pcrreivtd the fmoke arifing tiom fevtral villages or towni, an.l faw many houfcs in delightful and culti- vatiil fituations, at a fmall eililancc from the (hort*. Wh.lc the (aim foniinunl, that ve might lofc no time, we put our filliii-g lines overboard, in ten fa- thoms water, but had no lucreli. This being the only diverlion which our prefent circumftanccs would permit ui to enjoy, wc very fcnlibiy felt our difappointiiunti and looked back with ni'.ret to tiie cod-banlvg of rh. difnialie^;ionsttch.id latcb Ljuitttd, which had luriiifliM us with Id oiaii) l'a!u(,iry iiiealj, and by the aniulcm,, they had alforiled, gvcn a variety to the tcdiouj rccu leiice of allionoiiiical obl'crvations, and ihe wearifun.- r.ictetlton of calms :uid gales. At two o'cloek, 1' u the wind blew frelli liont tl-.c S. and, by four, had r duccd us to tlole re 1 led top-fiils, and obliged us 1' (laiul off to the louth-calUvard ; m ConfeejuciRt 1' which courfe, and ihe glaoinincfs of the weather »' foon loll light ol land. Wc kept on during the who' night, and nil eight o'clock the following niofinn" ttheii the wind Uniting to the N. and becoming i,, dei.Ue, we in.ide fail, and fleered a W. S. W. ^q^^T towards the land, whieh, however, we did not nui, ' belore- three in the atlcrnnon ; at which time u ^aw to extend from N. W. hull W. to W. The moll n"% ihcrly extremity was a continuation of the ekvji J land, the- Itnitheriimoll we had obfcrved the oicccj' , diy. The Luid to ilu' willw'ard, wc coiijett.ircj loi" the High Tabic I till of [..nfen. Tiic coall, luw^t^J the two cxtreiiits, was low, and could fcarcelybc 1^7 ceivcd, except bum the mall.he.id. We p'rotci'dcd towards the ciMlt (ill eight in the evening, \»heno d.llancc fr.'iu K was abuu; 5 Iciguej, »nd having il-J. tcneel fa 1 lor the night, wt fleered in a fouthcrlyrti. rei^ion, founding evtry foui lu>ursj but our eJepih gi water was fo gre.et, that wc d.d not find grounti ,|||, 160 fathoms ol line. Oil Thurleiay, the 28ih,at fix o'clock A. M. weaga n law land, i j leagues to the le»uthward ol that wchij leen the d.iy before, and extended from \V. by N, n, W. S. W. .■\t ten o'clock we faw more land inuc fame dircclion. At noon, the northern extremity 01 the land in view bore N. W, by N. and a peaked hill over a tlecp head-land, was I 5 or 16 inilcj dilhni' bearing W. by N. By obfcrvation, our lat. was j8 dw! 16 min. and our long. 142 dcg. 9 mm. Dunng ihj tetriaindcr ol ti.c day, wc coniinued our courfe totht S. W. and, at midnight, found our depth of water m be 70 lathoiiH, over a bottom of line brown fand. Wc theretbrc hauled up towards the E. till the next morn- ing, when we again had light of land, eleven leaguoto the S. of that we had feen the preceding ilay, T,*-,,. ground was low towards the lea, but gradually fwclliJ into hills of a moderate elevation. At nine o'clock the Iky being overcall, and the wind veering to the s! wc tacked aiul I'.o \'|' •.cS. and. by four, had';.' ip-fails, and obliged usrn uard, 'a conli^ucnu,! inincHi ot the ucuthcr «' kept on during tlie«'h„r k the »ul owing nmrniri, hcN. and l)ccounn",J' llcercd a W. S. W. c^c" lowcvcr. wcd,d„o,n„k; ; .It winch tunc u y,-.,, w.tow. Ti^cS;:? Uir.uation of the el vjt j laJ olifcrvcd the p,cccj,;„ I'jrd. wf coiij.rtt.ircd [or," M^T;:ii("K' COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, ^:c. nxocIockA.M.vvcgj,, louthward ol thatwehjJ tended from VV. by N, ,(, we faw more land intit the northern extremity oi . hy N. and a peaked hill »5 or »6 inilei diltant' anon, curiae, was jgdni' icg. y mm. During il't iniinucd our courlctoiht :ind our depth of wiicrN) I o( fine brown land. Uc the E. till the next mom- : ot land, eleven lc>j;ufj;o the prccedmj^ilay. Tf.j Cea. but gradually fwtllij t'.ition. At nincodock, he wind veering to the \ ic E. Not long alter, uc h the land, ftanil;ng;o[hj alfo law anotheniulK rfiire the wind. Objdi cbratcd, and yet fj impcr. ral cagernefioftunoliiy; ry pcrfonon board cim< gaze at them. Asihc :d us, ftic hauled otf 101 c; upon which bcitijjjp. who were on board of her wc brought to, and Ihc ;ht have fixikentoihcnii by their manoeuvres, that ■as unwilling to incrcjlt iiagining that we (lioulj ics of a coitiinunicjiion lem to retire without in- noft probable conjectures vrfTcl wajofihcbutthtn to be fix men on board whereon was hoiftcd i loft by a yard, the braces 1 hrcc pieces of blick fail, at an equal diKance was lower in the middle her .figure we fuppofcd, Icthan large. At noon, led with much rain. By iH fo great a degree, thai s. 'I he (ca, at the dm jrpeopic ever rcmcmlicr o'clock, in the evening, . the ,u gale, without the finallcll diminution of violence, (hijtcd to the W. and by producing a txidden Iwell, in dircdion contrary to that which had before prevailed, riufcd 0'"' *^'P* '° labour and drain exceedingly. During ''"= llorm, we b*d feveral of our lails fplit. Tncy had, indeeii, been bent lor fo long a time, and frc worn fo thin, that this accident had happened IjilIv m both vellcis almoll daily j particularly when the [alls were ftilf, and heavy with ram, in which calc ihcy became lefs capable of beating the lliocks of the boillcri'in and variable winds we experienced occafion- ,iy. On Saturday, the 30th at noon, we oblcrvcd in . I ,5 dig. 41 mil. lo"i?. 142 dig. 6inin. In the af- ternoon, the wind Ihiftmg to the N. E- we flood to the S jt the diUance of 18 leagues trom the (hort. Oa Aj Mil, at two o'clock A. M. the wind veeied round 10 ,[,£ \V'. and blew in violent fqualls, accompanied with Uhtn.ngand ram. Monday. November the ifV, the wind fliiftcd to the S t. and was attended with lair weather; in cuiiU- fluini-'C ot which, we obtained, with lour dilkruu Qjjdiants, 4: lets of dillances ot the moon, from the iun jnd liars, each fet comprehciidia^ lix owkrvaiioiis. Thcle nearly coincidiiii; with lacli , to DC 1^1 Jei;. '\i- '""■■ '^^ '^'^ o'clock, we again made la id toiurJi the W. diHant ij lea;;ue!. A huniiiiork. to the iwfthward, wluth had an iiilnlar appearaiKc, t)ure «!;. ^. W. hall VV. We Ikercd lor the land till be- tucen tUi" and ;i.\, when we liauied our mnd to tlie J>. Vtl.ii"""-' wcdeicried to ihc wJlwarJ a nioumaiii ol extrior.iiiiary height, with a rouniJ rutiniiit. n'"'!^' lar in- land. 1,1 Its neighbourhooil liv : ...t is of a iiioiluiaie cicvaton ; but, to the S. ot ihe luiiii.nuck ilUud, there appcarcii at a ctKiliderablc diflancc up the countiy, a tiji>c ot lulls, extending towaois the inouiuain, anJ »h.v:h iuii;lu perhaps join it. Ai the vnaihtr, in the nwininj; ol the and, had a vcia thrcai. iuii,, .ijipiar- anu'i ■iiii-l t'l*-" wind was at S. S. !•.. we itiwu^iit it ad- Mkablc to quit ihe ncighbi/uihood ot Uit lliure, an.' ilamloll timardi the t. that the lliips might not be entangled with the laivl. VVc were not deceived in our [iiognctlications J Nr not long altcrwardt, a luavy jjilc began to blow, which coniiiUKd till (he next il.iy, j,ij»js attended with rainy and hazy wcatuer. i)i\ Waliielday the 3d, in the morning, we found outlelvcs bv iiur reckoning, upwards of 50 leagues trom the Coalt ; uh.ch circiiinHancc, united to the cimlideration ot the very unconiiiion etiect ol curienis we had already ex- pciitiitcd, the advanced period of the year, the van- able and uncertain (late of the ucithei, and the iniall prulpivt we had of any alteration lor the better, m- ducid Captain (Jure to lorm the refnlution ot leaving Japan, .\nd profccuiing our voyage 10 China : to whicti UM may be added, that the coall of Japan, accuid- 1,1,; to KiLMnplet's defcnption of it, is the moll danger- ous in all the known world ; that it would have been exceedingly hazardous, in cafe of dillrels, to have run into any ot the haibours of that country; where, if uc may credit the nioll authentic writers, the averfion of the natives to a communication with llrangers, has ptoniptcd them tu the commiirion ot the moll flagrant .;;hol batbarity ; that our vell'els wcie m a leaky con- dition; that tlie liggingwaslo rotten as to requiie con- tinual repair ; and chat the fails were almi.it entirely wifrnoui, and incapable of withlbndmg the vehemence c! ,1 g.ilc of wind. As the violent currents, which fet along the eadern coall of Japan, may perhaps be at- tended with dangerous conlei.(Uences to thole naviga- t IIS, whoarenot acquainted with theii ^'Xtreme rapidity, we Mill here fubjoin a luminary account of their diric- ii"i! and torce, as rcmaiked by us from the ill to the Stiiot November. On the ill, at the time when wc were about 18 leagues to the E. of White Point, the cur- rent fet at the rate of 3 miles in an hour,iotheN. E. and by N. On the id, as wc made a nearer approach to the lliorc, wc obfcrvcd, that it continued in a limilar diiec- tion,but was augmented in its rapidity to 5 miles an hour. Ai wc receded from ihc coall, it again became more t.' ^'43 moderate, and inclined towards the K. On the _jd, ac the dillaiicc of 6j leagues from the fhore, it fet, at the r.itcof 3 miles an hour, to the K. N. E. On the two following il.iys, it turned to the fouthward, and, at 1 20 leagues from the co.ill, its dircdion wasS. K. and its rate did not exceed one mile and a half an hour. It again, on the 6th, and 7ih, fliifted to the N. K. and Its lurcc dimimllicd gradually till the 8th, at which time we could not perceive any current. During the 4tli and 5th of November, wc proceeded to the louth-ealKvaid, with very unfcttled weatheri having much lightenin,; and rain. On .Saturday, the 6th, we changed our ciunfe to the S. S. VV. but about eight o'clock, m tht evening, we were obliged to fland to.\ards the S. li. On the 9th at noon, we obfcrved in lat. .{I deg. 46 inin. lon^;. 146 dog. 20 min. Friday, the iJth,a molt violent gale arolc, which reduced us to the mi/.en-ftay-f.i.l and loie-fail. At noon, we were in lai J j dcg.' jtj min. and in long. 144 deg. 25 mm. Oi> I II ijih, »c were nearly in the laine lituation attri- i) ,teii to the illand ot Si. Ju in, yet wc (aw not the leall appearance ot land. Ac lix o'clock, P. M. we 11 ere d to VV. 5. VV. Ciptain Gore thinkin,/ it uletefs to Hani any longei to the S. S. \V. as wc were nearly in the fame meridian with the L.idinn.s, or M.iriannc Illands, and It no very contideiable ddlance from the track of the .Vlan.lU i^aileons. On .VIoiiday,the 15th, we faw three ilUad:,, and bore away tor the S. point of the largcd, upon .iiuch we oblcrvcd a high barren hill, Hattilh at tlie tup, and when feeii from the VV. S. VV. prefcnts an evidciu voleaiiic crater. The earth, rock, or land, (or It wai not caly to dillingudli of which its furfacc is coiiipolcd, txi'.ibitcd various colours!, and a conliderablc pan we coi.jecturtd to be tulphur, both from ics ap- pc.iraiice to the eye, and the llroiig fulphurcous fmcU pciccived by us in our approach to the point. The Rclulution having palled nearer the land, fcvcral of our ollicers thought tiiey d,;>.erncd Ihams proceeding from the ;o^. Ol the hill. 'Ihefe circumltances induced the C'liiiiiudore to bellow on this difcovery, the name of S.i.,..iur Itland. On iriday, the :6th, at lix o'clock t\. M. the wind having conliderably abated, we fet our top laiU, let out the reels, and bore away to the well- w.,rd. At neon, wc obferved m lat. at deg. i: jinn, lo.ig. 120 deg. 25 mm. In the courlc of this day, we 1 lA many tropic birds, and a 11 'c' , . ^.ucks ; alio por- poiics and dolphins ; and continued to pafs nisny j)u- mice Hones. W'e fpe:,t the ni';ht on our tacks; and on the 27th, at lix o clock A. M. we again made fail to the VV. in Icaich 01 the Balhee lllcs. O'l the 28th, at Ijur o'clock, A. M. we had light of the itland of Praia. Ai noon, our lat. was 20 deg. 39 mm. long. 1 16 deg. -J5 mm. The extent of the Frata fhoal is conrider- aole ; for it 1$ about 6 leagues from N. to S. and extends 4 leagues to the E. ot the iflandi ics limits to the wellward, wc had iioc an opportunity of afcertaining. VVc carried a prels of fail during the remainder of the day, and kept the wind, which now blew from the N. E. by N. in order to fecure our palfage to Macao. On Monday, the 29th, in the morning, wc pafled fomc Chinefe tilliing-boats, the crews of which eyed us with marks of great indiHerencc. At noon, our lat. by obfervation, was 22 deg. i mm. and, fince the preceding noon, wc had run 1 10 miles upon a N. W. courfc. On the 30th, in the morning, wc ran along the Lema Illes, which, like the other iflands lituaced on this coall, arc dellitute of wood, and, as far as wc had an opportunity of oblc'rving, devoid ol cultivation. We now fired a gun, and diiplayed our colouis, as a lignal for a pilot. On the repetition of the lignal, there was an excellent race between four Chinefe boats ; and Captain Gore enfaged with the pcrltin who arrived firft, to conduct th( 'hip to the Typa, for the fum of 30 dollars, fending woi 1, at the lame time to Captain King, that as he could catily follow with the Uifcovery, chat cxpencc might be favcd to him. In a (hort cime afterwards a fecond pilot got on board, and immediately laying hold c' he wheel, began to order the fails to be trimmed. 1 lU gave rife to. 11 violent altercation, whkh was «t length IBi '¥■ '*' ::i % < i'l^ WJi u'Si i\ 6+i Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES C O M P L E 1" E. 'm I "If 1 I li!S,i pi-'- B m M M vlfi- ^It'i--^ 1' '"' length comproinifcJ, hy agririiig to divide the money btiwccn them. In obciiimcc to the inHriitfUons from the Lords o( the A(1mir.ilty, it now bicamc neceHhry tii demand of the oflkcrs anil men, belonging to both flnps, their journnis, and what other papers they might h*vc in thtir poU'efTion, rilative to the hillory of the voyage. At the Ijine time Captain King gave the Dif- Cover)'» people to iinilrrUand, that whatever papers they willicd ihould not be fint to the Ix)rdsof the Ad- Tniraity, he would leal up in their prefence, and prcfcrvc in his cui^ody till the intentions of their Lordfhips, rc- fpcfling the publication of the hiftory of the voyage, wereaccomplilhed, after which, he faid they (Tioiild be faithfully rcilorcd to them. The Captain obfcrves upon thisoccalion.that it is but d ):ni» jullice tohii company to dechrt, that, as to the crew, thry were the beftdif- pofcd, and the molf obedient men he ever knew, though Ihc grcatcft part of them were very young, anJ had ne- ver fervcd before in a Ihip of war. The fame propo- fiU were made to the people of the Refolution, and in- llantly complied with. \Vc continued working to windward, by thcdireiftion of our pilot till about fix ocloik P. M. when we let go our anchors, he being of opinion, that the tide was now fettingagainll us. Duringtheaftcrnoon, we (food on our tacks, between the Grand Ladrone and the illand of I Potoe, having pafTed to thceaftofthc latter. At nine o'clock wc again caft anchor in fix fathoms water: the town of .Macao being at the diftanceofp or lo miles, in a \. W. dircdionj and the liland of Potoc bearing S. ha'fW. fcven miles diftant. On the jd of December, in the morning, one of the Chinefe contractors, called Compradors, came on board, and fold us as much beef as weighed »oo weight, toge- ther with a confiderable quantity of greens, oranges, and eggs. In the evening Captain Gore fcnt Mr. King on (hore to vifit the Portugucfc Governor, and to rc- qucft his affiftance in procuring reficlhments, which he thought might be done on more rcafonahle terms than the &)mprador would undertake to furnifh them -, with whom wc had agreed for a daily fupply; for which, however, he inlificd on our paying hiin beforehand. Upon Mr. King's arrival at the citadel, the Fort-Major informed him that the governor was fick, and not able to fee company. Having acquainted the Major with his defire of piDceeding immediately to Canton, the for- iner told him, that they could not perfume to provide a boat, till (jermiflion had been obtained from the Hoppo, or officer of the cuftotns ; and that it was nc- ccflary to apply, lor this purjwfe, to theChincfc govern- ment at Canton. When the Captain was returning, the Portugucle officer aflted hini, if he did not mean to vifit the Englilh gcntii men at .Macao .' ITiis qucdion gave him inexprefiibic picafurc. He proceeded imme- diately to the hoiifc of one of his countrymen ; from whom he received information of the French war, and of the continuance of the .American war; and that five fail of Englilh (hips were now at Wampu, near Canton, in China. The intelligence we had gained concerning the (late of affairs in Europe, rendered us the more anxious to accelerate our departure as much as wc pof* fibly could. The fird thing that claimed the attention of the Commodore, was to provide as well as he could for the general fafcty of the people under his command, on their return home. The news of a French war, with- out letting us know the order ilfucd by the King of France in our favour, give ui much concern. Our (hips were ill fitted for war; the decks fore and aft, being finilhcd fiulh, had no covering for men or offi- cers; it was therefore thought nccedary to raifc a kind of parapet, niufquet-proof. on both decks t and likewifc to llrengthcn the cabins as much as pofiible in cafe of adion. On Thurfday, the 9th, we received an anfwer from the F^nglifli fupercargocs at Canton, in which they promifed to exert their mo(\ llrcnuous endeavours in procuring the fupplicsof which we were in want, with all pofTible difpatch ; and that a palFport fhould be fcnt for one of our officers. Friday, the loth, an Englilh merchant, from one of our Eall-lndian fettlc- ments, made application to Captain Gore for theafTiit- ance of a few of his people, fo navigate ni far aj (• ton a vclTcl which he had piirchafid at .Matao. Tk* (.".oinmiKloie conlidering this as a j;ood opportijrij,„f Captain King to repair to that ciiy, gave onlir?, that h Ihould take with him his fccond lieutenant, thclif. ,' nant of the iiiarines, anil 10 failors. AccorJinglv ih'" quitted the harlKHirof Mai ao, on Saturday, the ihh* and as they approached the Uocca Tygiis, which isp !' 40 miles dilKint from Macao, the coalf of Chin* '" peared to the eal<«3rd in white ftcep clilfs. 1 hcjr n^'' grcis being retarded by contrary winds, and Ihe lij,i,t„'.'!' ofthevcflil, they did not arrive at Wampu, which lionl nine leagues from the Bocca Tygru, till Saturday ,J i8th. Wainpu is a fmall town, off which thcftim « various nations, who trade with the Chincfe, an- 'i"' tioncd, ill order to receive their rtfpeOtive ladinci ^" Wampu, Captain Kiiij,' embaiked in a Samp^nf ^' Chinele boat, the moll convenient for palFanwrj J^ I we ever faw j and in the evening we reached Can'" ' and difembarked at the Englilh Factory, whcicthcf' ' lain was received with every iiiark oi civility j^j ''_' fpech Milfrs. Fit7hugh, Bevan, and Hipicr, ron,,^* led, at that time, the 6ckCl Committee; and the',. mei ol thcl'e gentlemen aCled as prclidcnt. Thry jj.' mediately gave the Captain an inventory of thofc ji,-,,^ with which the Eall-lndia (hips were able to fi,.,, 1 us, and he hadihe pkafurc to find, that they were r"^ to be ftiipped, and that the provilions wc mij^ht h-'J (K'talion for might be had at a day 'i> notice. Hcmt.i lirous of making our ihy here as ffiort as pollib'/ ■ y Captain requeued, that the gentlemen would cr.in vour to priKure jiiriks for w he nrxt day ; bur wt «t,i loon convineed by them, tnat patience 15 an iiviifpfp' (able virtue in China. After the Captain had uji^tj feveral days for the ilTiie of his negixiation with the Chineli:, and was conlidering what Heps he flionlj u^j the commander of a country (hip prcfented him »ith a letter from Captain (Joic, whereby he was inform-J of that Commander being engaged to bring our pirtr from Canton, and to deliver our fupplies, at hi? o*t hazard, in the 1 ypa. All diflicultiei being thujrc moved, Captain King had leilure to bellow (omcj-.t," tion on the purchafc of our flores and provifionj. »h,c|j he completed on Sunday, the j6th, and, on the tn'.h*. ing day, the whole flock was conveyed on Ixwrd \] Canton was likely to [x the moll advantageoui niaikct for furs, the Commodore had defired Captain Kmif to take with him about lo (kins of fea-otieri; moll of which had been the property of our deccafd Com- manders; and to difpolc of them at the belt price h: could obtain. The Englilh fupercargoes being mformtd of thefc circumllanccs, they directed him to a member of the Hong (a focieiy of the principal mcrchimsof ihe city) who being fully apprifcd of the nature of the bulinefs. feemed to be Jenliblc of the delicacy of liie Capiam's fituation, 8i)d therefore afTured him, ihit, m an affair of this k id, he lliould conlider himfelf at a mere agent, withi ij< fccking any profit for himfcll. The (kins being laid ' .ibrc this mcrctwnt, he examined thcin over and over again with particular attention; and at IM\ mformed Captain King, that hecouldnot think of offering more than 300 dollars for them. Ai the Captain knew he had not offered one half of their value, tie, therefore, in his turn, demanded looodollars; the Chincfe merchant then advanced to hve, and, at length to 700 dollars ; upon which the Captain lowered his demands to yoo. Flcre each of them declaring that he would not recede, they parted; but the Chincfe fpcc- dily returned, and propofcd finally, that they Ihould di- vide the difference, which the Captain agreed to, and received 800 dollars. The fubfequent remarks, rela- tive to Canton, were collct'lcd by Captain Kiny, frmn the intelligence which he received from feveral Knglifli geniicmen ; who had rclidcd a long time near that city. Canton, conuining the old and new town, with the fuburbs, is about 10 miles in circumference. The num- ber of its inhabifants, as near as can be computed, may be from 1 00 lo 1 50,cxx>. Exctulivc of whom there are 40,000 who rcfide conHantiy in Borgcs, called S rcj, E T E. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. ^15 , to mvifratc a^ far as Cm 1 piirchafii) at M.uao. i{ iisaj.nj-ood opportuniry f ' hat ciiy.KavcorilcM.thathc xond hcutcniiu, thtlicu.5 ) (allots. Accordingly ih" ao, on Saturday, the i,ih BoccaTygris, which una; 10, the coal* of Chin, an hite ftcep cliir$. Ihcirp-o :rary winds, and the liglun'ti" rivc at Wampu, which isonl, :a l-ygrij, till Saturday, ,|,. town, oft which the (hip, 0- : with the Chincfc, arr I'j^ [heir rtfpeOhvc Indmjr,. J iibaikcd 111 a Sampan- \f ivciiicnt (or pa(raiigers'Jhj, kcniiiR wc reached Can"^-." ;li(h Factory, whcic the CaV rry ii.ark of civihty ^nj ^: BcTan.andllipicr, comp^ ;l Committee; and the;,.. cd as prclident. Thry ,J an invciKory of fhofc lUr,^ (hipi were able tofu.,.!^ olind. that they Were r'rid. cproviCions wc mi^htKvt t a days notice. Being,!.. eie as (lion as pollibl- .y e gentlemen would cndV •he next day: but we «„. nat patience 15 an iivlifp^^' ter the Captain h.id ua.;tj f hij negotiation with the gwhat(»epjhe(lioi,idtakf, y (hip prcfcntcd him uiih , whereby he wai informcJ engaged to bring our pjrtf •r our fupplies, at hn o*i difficulties bfin|;» thuj r;. piCure to bellow (omc attcii. ftorcj and provifioiu. which e j6th,and, on the folltm. IS conveyed on Iward Ai moll advantageous nijikii ad defircd Captain Kin^- 10 ins of fca-otteri; mail of rty of our dcceafcd Com- thcnj at the belt price he pcrcargoes bcmj; informed directed him to a member principal merchimjofihe ifid ot (he nature of [he blc of the delicacy of the cforc afTured him, thit, la hould confidcr himfelfai ng any profit for himftlf. \\i» mcrctiant, he cxamind *iih pirticuhr attention; 1 King, thit he could not 300dollirs for them. Ai t offered one half of thcu* n, demanded tooodollari; dvanced to five, and, at 'hich the Captain lowered ich of them declaring that ted; but the Chincfc fpcc- inally.that ihcy Ihoiildiii- e Captain agreed to. and ubfcquent reinaiki, rcU- d by Captain King, frnin rived from feveral knglilh J a long time near that and new town, with the trircumfcrcnce. Tlicnum- is can be computed, may Iciufivcof whom there are |in Borgu, called Sainpa< Fa fts.or floating- hf)ufc8 upon the river. They are moored In rows dole (o each other, with a narrow pa(rage, at intervals, for the boats topafs up and down the river. The llreets of this city arc long, narrow, and deftitute of uniformity. They arc well paved with large (tones, and, I" general, kept extremely clean. The houfcs arc biiiii 0' hrick, and are only one (lory high. They have, li,r (lie uioft P*'■^ two or three court-i backwards, in wnich jrc tredU'd the warchoufcs for the reception of nicrrhandize ; and, in the houfes within the city, are l,j apartments tor the females. Some of the meaner Ibrtot people, though very few, have their habitations aiiiipolcd of wood. Ihofc that belong to the European (adors, are built on a h'"-' 'I"*/' havini< a regular facade of two (lories toward- the river. They are conftructed, with refpecl to the mlidc, partly after the Chincfc, and partly after the LuK'pean mode. Adjoining to them are a confi- rftrahie number of hou(c« wliicii txlong to the Chinefc ; anJ .Iff 1"^^ ""' ^y t^ew to the commanders of vcffcls, J,,,) 10 merchants, who mike only an occafional (lay. As no F.iiropean is permitted to take his wife with him loCin'on, the Eiigli(h fupercargoes live together at gPf coiiiiiion tabic, which is maintained by the Com- oanv. •'"'•' ''"'^ "* thtni has alfo an apartment appro- priated to himltlf, conlilling of three or four rooms. The \>:tnyi of their nfuicncc rarely exceeds c!ight months in a year; and a« during that time, they arc alnioll conrtantly employed in the fervitc of the Com- nanv, thty may (iibmit, with the lefs uneafinefs, to the rfiirictiiini under which they live. Tbcy feldoiii make any vilits within the walk of Canton, except on public occatwni. Nothing contributtd more to give Captain Uin'aii unfavourable opinion of the Chincfc, than his tiniiiiii{ that (evcral of them who had redded in that cciirtry for near 1 5 fuc ccffive years, hnd never formed any lixial connetition or fricndlhip. When the la(t fliip ilipirts Irom Uampu, they are all under the necelliiy 0! retiring to Macao ; but they leave behind them ad the nini.y they pf rI.ii* and cupjicr trinkets, and a lew grofs of larj;e (lointcil i afc-knivrs. Me then propofcs, that t«i) vcIIcIj, not only tor ihi- greater I'ccurity of the voynpe, Init becaule Tingle Hups oii^lu never, in his opi- nion, to l>e fcnt out tor the jmrpofc of ililcovcry. For where ridiues arc freqiu-nily to be run, ami uncertain anJ tlanj^crousixpcriiiKiitj tricil, it can by no means be cxpccltJ that linglc IliijM fliould vi'iiturc fo lar, as where fomc fetunty ii provulcd againit an unfortunate accident. When thi lhip< are prepared for fea, they will fail with the fuft S. VV. nionloon, uhich ufually fcrs in about the loniiiuiicriTicnt ot th.- month of April. They will lU-cr a nurtliward courfe, with this wind, along the Cliincfe coafl, bcj^mning to make a more ac- curate fiirvey from the mouth of the Nankin river, or the river Kyana, in the 50th digrceol latitude, which is fuppof. d to be the rcmi>tc(t limit of this coatl hitherto vilitcd by Kuropcan velVcls. The extent of the great gulph called Whang Hiy, or th^- Vellow Sea, being at pieteni unknown, 11 may be left to the Commander's d.lcretion, to pro! ted up it as far as he may think pro- Eer: he mui> be cautious, however, not to entangle imfelf in it too far, lell he lb 'uld not have fuHicient tunc left for the piofecution of the remainder ot his voyage. The famr difcreiion may be uled, when he has reached the lUaits of TcfToi, with regard to ihe inands of Jcfo, which, if the wind and weather Ibould be favourable, he miift not neyled to explore. Having arrived in the latitude of 51 deg. 40 min. where he will make the moll fouthcrly point of the iHc of Sagalecn, beyond whirh we have a tonlidtrabic knowledge of the fea of Okotfk, he w.ll ftctr towards the S. probably about the beginning of June, and exeithis endeavours to fall :i with the moft fouihcrn of the Kurilc iflands. If the accounts of the Kuflians may be depended on, Ooroop, or Nadcfchda, will furnilb the fliipi with a commodious haibour, where they may recruit theii wood and water, and provide themfclvcs with fuch rc- frelhments as the place may atrorJ. Near the end of June the commander willdireifl his courfe tothcShuiu- niagins, whence he will proceed to C(X)k's Iliver, pur- chating, in his progrcfs, as many Ikins us podibic, with- out lofi.ig too much time, fmce he ought to fail again to the fouthward, and trace thecoall witn thcuimoll ac- curacy b.twten the 56th and 50th degrees of latitude, ihe fpacc where contrary winds drove us out of fight ot land. We think it proper to obferve here, that Captain King conii icrs the purchafe of ikins, in this expedition, as ■* fccondary lontrrn, for defraying the cxpencc; and, from our c^jH-ricnce in the prcfent voyage, there is no realon to doubt that 250 fkins, each worth 100 dollars, may be obtained without iofsof time; parti- cularly as they will, in all probability, be met with along the coall to the S. of Cook's River. The commander of thii cxpedirion, after having continued about three months on the American coaft, wiFl fet out on his return to China in the former part of Odobcr, taking care, in his route, to avoid, as much as poirible, the tracks of preceding navigators. All that remains to be added on this fubjc" contelK-d, in CommiHiore Anfon's time, by thcLhir' has, in confequencc of his timuKls and relolution ■ • ver (ince been inlilteil «)n. By the obtcivations liji while our vtllels lay here, the haibour of M.icao isn ' atcJ in the lat. ot 22 deg. 12 mm. N. and thel.m i^j "3 ^fg- 47 '"'"• t. our anchoring place, in the h:!i in lat. 22 deg. 9 min. 20 fee. long. 1 1 5 deg. 48 m;,,' fee. E. It was high water in the Typa, on the fii, . j change days at a quarter after live o'clock j jj^l , the harbour ot Macao, at 50 minutes pall titc: ;~. grcatcll rife was lix feet one inch. We Ihall coik „,. thefc remarks, and this chapter, with the pricesol labeiii and a few articles of provilions in China. Prices of Labour and Provisions at C.ANTON' A Coolcc, or Porter - - - r o o 8 )„ A Taylor ----__. 00 ■ . .•\ Handicrattfman - _ . _ o 1 A common Latxjurrr from 3d. to jd. per uay A Woiiian's labour confidcrably cheaper. £. S. D. B""" 02 VrPcrDttt "^" o o j; or 180J. <^lf -.. _i6 9;(,ich I^""-!" - O o j! PerCaiti Ditto, wild -01 o! cicii Eggs - - .... _ - - . o 2 Per 100 ^■ft«» 006^ PcrCat!) Fowls, Capons, &c. - . - _o o 7? ditto Gccfc 00 6; ditto Ham -.----..01 J 'r ditto Hog. alive ---.-.. 00 4^ ditto Kid. ditto .-.--._oo4j ditto M'lk 001, ditto Pork 007, ditto J*'K 00 5|. dittu Pheafants ------- o o 5 '. each Partridges 009! d'"" P'gcons 00 5^ ditto Rabbits --_.. -.-014 ditto Sheep -----_--j6)| ^\no Spices 0168 PcrCatt. Soy---------ooiJ ditto Samfui ditto ------ooj; ditto Turtle- ---..-.00 9 [ ditto i '■■: CHAP. rc-1; fur, ai thi- vciyj,vh, car, the time it w.ii'atii,,, M fcA, the tar uivMa p^' xaiiilothen had litculun lul jjatchcil ii|i with Iki , in we had met with \|^^^ ' fiiele wore now inixi\| j ' i» and cottons that L'u Jill ay, Mr. I.annyon arriv | (lis, which, without ()c|.ij Jii onboaid boththclh , ' n Kin>^ was (hewn, m ,' ' iman .it Vlarao, the ro tradition.il account, ( ,' •ucfe (M)ct, was actullott,i'| d. It IS an arch ofcoj , onelblid lloiu-, and :u, , ;o dii>r out ot the clev4ici preadmj; (ri-es ovcrlhadu* a beautiful and extcn,;,. lllinds dilpcrfcd ahout i,'' he Tvpa, we heard n,,h :^ ncnt ot ilie fliips; w, ., ! e, that the point (o llr„i ifon'!; time, by iheCJiu;. . rriiiK'ls and relolutioii, ;.' By the obliivationsii'jij c haibourol Macao IS ||.^ 2 mm. N. and thcl.n, j^.j horing place, in the iT,, long. H3JiK-+H"ni„u fi thcTypa, onihcllii,, J after five o'clock J jnd ., 50 minutes p»U fm ..^ inch. We Ihall coini'.jc fr.withthcpritcsoljjbcw }ns in China. ' tovisioNS at CANTON £■ S. D. - r O O 8 •)„ --00 ; --00! d. to 5d. per uay ibly cheaper. £■ S. D. » 4-PcrCattr 6 9;t,ich 005; PcrCittj " I o! each J Per 100 O 6* PcrCjt;i 7! ditto 6; ditto 2'r ditto 4t ditto 4f ditto 1 f ditto 7r ditto S! »l'tto 5; «ch 9^ ditto 55. ditto 4 ditto fi ditto 5 PerCiti, -o - o - I - o - o - o - o - o rO -O - O - O -o - o - o - - o - o o o I o o o o o o I -3 6 - o 16 -o o i; ditto - o o a ; ditto ' o o 9 > ditto CHAP. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYA^;E— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, ^c. (>\7 CHAP. XXI. ■T-jK m/trinns hrknpnj^ to the Rr/ohiti'n mttkf nfwitb the fix-oared ciitlo—Dffenphle flaie of the luofljipi—tbcy unmoor i,„,i ' ve lbrT\pit-~OrJfrs of the French Curl relative 10 Captain Cook — l\]fs Puh Sapaira, ami michr in the harkur ^mdor'e — Tranfaftioiu, and incidents durwi> ourJiay~A vumdarmr vifih the pips'— Inti'Vinalion recnved jrom .ffrrrnce for the drfrrtption of Puh Condore, and other ijlands to ibe Jirjl and frcond lli/hries of Captr.in C ok's ynyaf'es — rre/enls to the Mandarine, and the li/lep of Adrian — Ajhonom'u al and nautical olfin\itimii — Departure oj the llnpi; Sleir for the Cap' of Good Hope — Anchor in Simon' t flay — /f vljit to the governor— An account nf fuilfc fiay, Swton'f bay, Noah's Ark, ana Seal Ijland — Set fail for England ; and ftand to the ucjl of the ijlands of Afcenjion and Si.Hrlen.t — Defry the ivtjlrrn coaji nf treland, and enJeavnitr, in vain, to get into t'ort dalvay — Steer to the north (I Levis Ijland — Bolhjbips anchor at Sirouine/i — An J on IVedncfday, the ^ib of Uitobcr, arrive fnfe at the Nore, after an ai/ence of ^ years, i months, and 22 days — Concluding Remarks, ON Tuefday, the nth of January, \, D- IT""- V-/ two failors, John Cave quarter- nuftrr, ai"' Robert Spencer belonging to the Rc- foluiioiii went otf with a lix-oarcd cutter; and ihiHii'h il'c in )rt dilmeiu fearch was made, both this and tlH- tollowing mf>rnin^,', we could not gain any ■j^jllijicnce of them. It was i;nagined, that thel'e fca- mcnhad bftn fcdutcd by the hopn of aiquiring a for- tune, il they lliould return to the hir illamls. On the nth, at noon, we uninot)rcd,and fcalcd the );uns, which, on board the Difcovery, amounted at this time to ten ; foihath'.r people by means of tour ac.ditional ports, coold li>',ht li'vcn on a lide. In the Kcfulution likc- ^.ifc tiic immbi-r of guns had been auumented from 13 to if'; •""'• "* ""-"'^ "' '^*^ flips, all other precau- tioni wiic i.iktn to give our int oniidcrable torcTa rc- fnccta^"'*^ r.,'(H-*rance. Wc conlidcrcd if a^ our duty to Ijinilh 11.11 ;elvcs with thele menu ot ilefence, though there wjsl'""'" rcafnn to believe, that thev had in a gnat incaliiff h-eit roniUrcd lupertUious by the gich C'aptain K.ng had brought witn bim Iroin C'liion, ol mlhuclions having been found on l^.nil ill the i'lciuh llups of war, that had been taken jnt.uii'i"". importing, that their Commantlcrs, it they ih'iulJ h.ipjK-n 10 fail in with the Kefolution and Dil- iinci), were to lulfcr thein to procreil unmoleOed on thtir vo'.agc. h was alio repi>rted, that the American L')ni;n.rs had given (iiiiilar outers 10 the velFcli em- ployed m thi-ir feivne. This iiitclligrnci being fur- ther cnnlirnud by the private Icttcn of foine ot the luL)er-citnoi;s, Captain King deemed it incumbent on li;;n, in iciurn for the liberal except ion? which our ene- iiikslu.i nude in our favour, to retrain fioin embracing jn. opportunities of cai)turc, and to maintain '.hellricttlt r.ci.ijliiy during ihc whole ol our voyage. Having got uiv'er lail aimut two u'cloc k, F. M. wc palFcd the !',irtof Maiao, and lalutcd the garrifon with eleven lour- tyiundcrs, which they anfwcred wiih an equal number. Wc were under the necelTity of warping out into the cnirancc of the Typ», which wc gained by eight o'clock in the evening of the 13th; and lay there till nine o'lliKk the following morning, when we (tood, with a ffifh ealU-rly brceie, to the S. between Wungboo and P.'iiic. .At lour in the afternoon, the Ladronc was about t4i) leagues dilUnt in an eallern direction. On Satur- iliy, liie ijth, at noon, wcobfcrved in lat. |S deg. 57 iriin. lung. 114 deg. 13 min. On the 16th, we (truck luiinJings over Macclesfield Bank, and found the depth 01 viatcr to be 50 fathoms, over .n hottont cuniillmg of while fand and ihells. We computed this part of the ba:ik to be lituaied in lat. 15 deg. 51 min. and in long. ii4dfg. 20min. 'I'hurlday, the 19th, at four o'clock P. .M. wc had in view I'ulo Sapatra, bearing N. W. by W. .ind dillant about four leagues. ILtving palled thisilljii.l, we lluod to the wciiwardi and on the 2o:h nuile the little group of iilands known by the name of Pjo Condore, at one of which wc anchored, in fix fa- thoms water. The harbour where we now moored, has \u entrance from the N. W. and affords the bell llicltcr Juiiii^ the N. K.. mnnlbon. Its entrance Iwrc W. .V. \V, quarter U . and N. by W. the opening at the uppct viid bore S. L. by K. three quarters E. and we »jc abo It 3 fuiloiigi diflant from the (horc. On the aift, early in the morning, parties were fent out to cut wood, the Commodore's principal motive for touch- ing at this illand being to fupply the lliips with that article. None of the nitives having as yet made their appearance, notwithllanding two guns had been lired at different times. Captain (Jorc thought it advifeable to land, and go in fcanh of them. Accordin,^ly, on Sun- dav, the 2 2ni), he delircd Captain King to attend him- They procccilcil m their boats along fhorc loi the (pace of two miles, when perceiving a road that led into a wtMx), they landed. I lere Captain King Icit the Com- moiiore, and. attended by a midlhipman, and four armed failors, purfued the path, whuh appeared to point direillly acrols the illaiid. They proceeded through a thick wood up a lUep hill, to the cillance of a mile, w hen alter defending, they arrived at lome huts. Cap- tain King ordered the paity to flay without, lell the light of armed men lliould terrify the inhabitants, while he entered and reconnoitcred alone. lie found, in one of the huts, an elderly man, who was in a great fright, and preparing to make olf with the mnfl valu- able cUVcks. However a few ligns, particul.iriy that molt ligiii ' ant one ot holding out a handful of dollars, and then iiuiiuing to a herd of buffaloes, and the fowls that were running ahout the huts in great numbers, left him without any doubts as to the olijecls of their vilit. He pointed towards a place where the town flood, and made 1 hem comprehend, thar by going thither, all their wants would be fupplicd. On their firll coming out of the wood, a herd of buffaloes, to the number of 10 at leali,caiiierunniiigtowards them, tolling up their heads, InulVmg theair.and roaring in a hideous manner. They had lollowed them to the huts, and now flood drawn up in a body, at a little ditlancc ; and the old man made them underfland, that it would be exceeding dangerous to move, till they were driven into thewiMids; but fo en- raged were the animals grown, at the fight of them, that this was not effcfttd without a good deal of time and difTuiiity. The men not being able to accomplifh ir, they called to their affiffancc a few little boys, who foon drove them out of light. Afterward they had an opportunity ot obfcrviiig, that in driving thefe animals, and fecuring them, which is done by putting a rope ttiruugh a hole made in their noftrils, little boys were alw'aysemployed,whocouldffrokcand handle themwith impunity at times, when the men durit not approach them. Having got rid of the buffaloes, they were con- ducted to th^ town, which conlifls of betwct.. aoandjo houfcs, builttlofe together; belidcs6 or 7 others that arc ("cattered about the beach. The roof, the two ends, and the tide fronting the country, are neatly conffruded of reeds; the oppoliie fide, facing the fea, is entirely open ; but, by means of a kind of bamboo fcrcens, they can exclude or let in as much of the fun and air as they pleafe. They were conduced to the largelt houfc, where the chief, or captain, as they called him, rcfided, but he was abfent, or would not be fcen ; thcrefurc no purchales could, as they faid, be made. At two o'clock, in the afternoon, they reiurncd to the Ihips ; as did likewifc feveral of our ihooting parties from the woods, about the lame time. At five o'clock, fix men in a proa, rowed up to the (hips, from the upper-end of the har- bour : and one of them, who was a perfon of decent ap- pi.iraiice, introduce. 1 himl'cif to Captain Gore, with an cafe I . " ''!!' ■V- .U-\ ,.■ 1 1 1 • T" 6ilb Capt. C O O K's VOYAGES COMPLETE. iip:P' cafe and potitcnefs which indicacrd that he h;.'J been accuftomed to pafs his time in omcr companjr than what Condorc afforded. He broUght with him a fort of certificate, written in the French language, of which the tbllowing is a trandacion. •' t'eter G«)rge, Bilhop of Adrian, Apoftohc Vicir of Cochin-China, &c. The little Mandu.-in, who is the bearer hereof, is the real Envoy ot the Court to Pulo Condore, to attend there for ch: reception of all Euro- pean velTels, whcf; deftinarion is to approach that place, &c. A Sai-Gon 'O Auguft, 1779." He gave us to underfland, that he was the Mandarin mentioned in it ; and produced another paper, which was a letter fcaled up, and addreited to the Captains of any European (hips that ma) touch atCondoic. From this lettci, and the whole of Luco's convcrfation, the Mandarin, we had little doubt, that the ve/Tel he ex- pefted was a French one. We found, at the fame time, that he was defirous of not lofing his errand, and was not unwilling to become our pilot. We could not difcover from htm the precife bulincfs whtr ' the (hip ' he was waiting for defigncd to profecutc in Cochin- China. We fhall only add, that he acquainted us, that the French veflels might perhaps have touched atTir- non, and from thence fail to Cochin-China ; and as no intelligence h.-id been received, he imagined that this was mod likely to have been the cafe. Captain Gore afr.rwards enquired, what fupplies could be procured from tiiit liland. Luco replied, he had two butfaloes belonsing to him, which were at our fervice, and that conliacrable numbers of thole animals might be pur- chafed for four or five dollars each. We had purchaltfd eight of thric animals ; anci on the 3^rd, early in the morning, tne launches of both thips were difpaiched to the town to bring them away, but our people were much tx a lols to bring them on board. After confult- ing with the Mandarin, it was determined, that they' fhould be driven through the wood, and over the hill, down to the bay, where our two Captains had landed. This plan was accordingly executed,- but the ■ ntrac>a- Mencis. and amazing ftrcngth ot theanimf i rendered it a flow and difficuh operation. The naodeofcendu^- ir.g them was, by putting ropes throu)>h their noflrilt, and round their horns; out when they were once en- raged at the fight of our people, they became fo furi- ous, that they fometimes tore afunder rhe cartilage of the noflril, through which the ropes pafTed, and fet themfelvet at liberty; at o hir tiines they broke the trees, to which it was found necefTary to taffen them. C. fuch occafions, ail the cndeavouis of our men, for the recovery of them, would have been unfurt efslul, without the aid of fomc little boys, whom the bufta- loea woulc? fufTer to approach, and by whofe puerile manaeements their rage was quickly appeafed ; and when brought down to the beach, ii was by their affitt- ance, in twiftinf ropea about their legs, in the manner they w*r' f^-ieCfed, that our people were enabled to throw them down, and, by that meani,toget them into th£ boats; and, a circumftance very fingular, they nad not been a whole day on board, before they were as tame as pofTible. Captain King kept a male and a fc«r.^'e for a confiderable time, which became great fiivourites with thefeamen. Thinking a breed of thefc animals, fbmeof which weighed, when drefTed, 700 pounds, would be an acquifition of fome value, he in- tended to have brought them with him to England ; btit that dcfign was frultrated by an incurable hurt which ■ one ot them received at Tea. Befides the buffaloes, of which there are fevcral large hen*" in thit ifland, nc purchafed from the natives fome remarkably fine fat !iogs,of rheChinefe breed. We procured three or four of the wild fort ; fevcral of whofe tracks were feen in the woods; which alfo abound with morriceyiand fquir- rels, but fo fhy, that it was difficult to fhoot them. Here we found the cabbage-tree, and other fucculent greens, with which our people made very free without afking quellions. Two wells of excellent water had beendil- covcrcd, in confcquence of which part of the conifM- . nies of both (hips had been employed in providing a competent fupply of it. Our numcroua fubfcribcri will be pleafcd t* recoiled, that in our hiftory of Captam Cook's '■•rft and fccond voyages, we have given a con, cife, though comprchcmive account of Pulo Condorc Celebes, Sumatra, Java, the Philippine, liadroncs, t;\^\ in fhort, all the principal illands in the Indian Sea; J therefore only now remains, during the rcniaindcf ,4 our pafTagc home, with a view of tltablilliiiig thccri'dit and reputation of this Work, andofrcnderingitthemolt complete undertaking of the kind e.-uant, tonifniiona few particulars that came under our own obfervation and wh'ch may be reckoned as improvements fincc the labours oi former Cutnpilers, or the expeditions of prior navigators. I'ulo Condore fignifies the ifland of Calabafhcs. !•, name 'wing derived from two Malay words. Puling! I lying an iilaiid. and C.ondorc, a talabafli, great qua,;. cities of whfch fruit are produced here. Among tht vegetable improvements of this ifland, may be rcckoncJ the fields of rice that we obfcrvcd ; alfo cncoa.niit< pomegranates, oranges, fhaddocL«, and various fortjci pompions. Wc continued at this h'(rb«mr till the iph when the little Mandarin took leave ol us ; at which time tlic Commodore gave him, at his rcquelt, a Icttff ol recommendation to the Commanders of any oihfr veffcls that might put in here. He alfo bcnowcd on hiin a handloiiie prcfent, and gave him a lerrcr hnk bilhop {it Adrian, together with a telefcopr. which kj delircd .Tiight be prcfented to him as a coinpliintm ; r the favours wc had raeivtd, through his means, jthio Condorc. The Iatitu.:eof the harbour is 8 dcg. 40m 1. N. anrf Its longitude, deduced from many lunar oblfri vations, 106 (leg. 1 8 mm. 46 Ice. E. At full and chjiice of the moon it was high w ater at 4 h. 15 m. apoarcit time; after which the water continued for ij how, without any perceptible alteration. The tranfition Irnni ebbing to flowing was very quick, being in Icfi th»n five minutes. The water rofe and fell ieven tc:t four mchn perpendicular. Un Kriday, the 2»th, we unmoored, and cleared the harbour. On the 30th, at one o'clock, P. M. «e hi rig!,t ot Pulo Timoan, and at five, Pulo PuilTanguji leen la ihedirci^tion ot S. by E. three quarters E. At nine o'clock, we had, from the cffedt of fome eurrcnt, out-ruiiour reckoning, and found ounclvcscloft u\m P jIo Aor, in the lat. of 2 deg. 46 min. N. long. i04drg. 3 7 iiiin. L. in confcquence 01 which we hauled the wind c. ihc E. S. E. 1 his courfe we profccuted till mid- night, and then Ifeered S. S. E for the fl raits of B^nci. On lucfday, rhe 1 II ol Fcbru. ry, wc obfcrvcd in li:. I deg. JOiiiin.N.andourlong.by -numberoCuniroh. fervation»,wcfoundtobeio5dcn.ii.Towardsfun.rii,»c had a v,cw of I'ulo Panjang; at w h;ch time our Ut. wis 53 mill. N. On the 2d, wc palfed the flraits of Sundi; and, at noon, we came in fight of thefmall i(l..nHi known by the name of Dominis, lyinir off the calkrn pirtof L'figen. At ont o'clock. P. M. Pulo Taya made iti -appearance in the diredlion of S. W. by W. diftsnt 7 leagues. On the 3d, at day-break, we had fight of the three iflands; and, not long afterwards, faw Monopin Hill, m the Ifland of Banca. Having got to the W. of the Ihoal, named Frederic Endric, we entered the Uniis of Banca, and bore away towards the S, On the 4th, in the morning, we priKeeded down the ftraits with the tide; and, at noon, the tide beginning to make againK us, wc catl anchor, at the difiancc ot about one ici^ue from what is denominated the Third Point, on thcSuiiu- tra fliorc; Monupin Hill bearing N. 54 deg. W. ami our lat. being i deg. 23 min. S. long. 105 deg. 38 mm, E. At three in the afternoon wc weighed, and conti- nued our courfe through the flraitswith a gentle breeze, In palCng thele firaits, fliips may make a nearer ap- proach to the coall of Sumatra than to that of U:inc3, On Sunday, the 6th, in the morning, wc pafTeii to the W. of Lufepara ; and at five o'clock, P. M. wc dcfcried the Sillers, in the direifion of S. by W. half W. At feven we cad anchor three leagues to the northward ut thofc illands. On the 7th, at five o'clock, A. M. wt weighed, and in three hours afterwards we were in light of the Sifters. Thcic are two iflands of very fmalltx- tent, plentifully flocked with wood, and fituatcd in p 4 (Ifg '"^kWk^tfi^, cook's third and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCKAN, &c. S49 jf,i. S. lilt- and i" long. 106 dcg. 12 min. Tlicy lie nearly N. and S. froni' each other, eiicofTipafTccI by a ,(.,.f deg. 9 min. S. and in long. 10.5 deg. 15 min. K. The whole circumfereiKC of the illand does not exceed nine miles. The idand of Sambouricou, or I'ainurin, which Hands li miles to the northward 111 Cracatoa, may eafily be millakcn for the latter, lince it lias a hill of nearly the lame ligure and diinenlions, iiliiatc likewife near its loai.i end. I'lie lat. of the road vhcrcwe cali anchor is 8 deg. (i min. S. long, by ob- Icrvation, 105 dcg. 36 min. K. It is high water on die lulland change days, at I'evcu o'clock in the morning; and the watcrrifes three fectiwoiiiches pi'rpcndieular. At three o'clock, A. M. on Friday, the 11th, the Difcovcry weighed anchor, and lUered for I'rince's- lOiiid; and, at noon, flie came to, and moored olf its c.iilcrii extremity. On iVloiulav,tlie i.|ili, at day break, vcdelcried our conlort, and, :-Bay. At eight o'clock, we came to anchor, at the dillance of one third of a mile from llie nearell fliore; llie S. K. point of the bay bearing S. by I'"-, and Table Moun- tain N. K. half .\'. 'I'he Naflau and Southampton F.aH-Indiamcii were here, in expectation of a convoy from Europe. We I'alnied the fort wit!) eleven guns, and were complimented with an equal number in re- turn. .As foon as we had caH anchor, Mr. Hraiidt, the governor of this place, favourid us with a vilit. Tins gentUniuii had tl i.i'jheH rcgarr. lor Captain ( ook, who had been his coiillant guell, whenever be had touched at the Capc; and (hough he had, fomc time before, received intelligence of his uniimcl) fate, he was extremely alfetled at the light of our vell'cls returning without their old Coiumander. He w.-is greatly fuipriled at feeing moH of our people in To healthy a Jlate, as the Dutch (hip which had quitted Macao, at the time of our arrival there, and had after- wards Hopped at the Capc, rcpoited, that we were in a moH wretched condition, there being only j •; hands left on board the Rcfolution, and feven in the Dilco- very, ^\'hat could have induced tliele pco])lc to pro- pagate loinlamousa Hory, is not very ealy to conceive. Captain King accompanied our Commodore to Cape Town, on Saturday the 15th, and the next day, in the morning, they waited on Uaron I'lettcnbeig, the C>ovcrnor, who received them with ever\' pollible in- dication of civility and politenefs. He eniertaiiied » great perli iial cHeem for Captain Cook, and profelied the hig!\eH admiration of his charatler, and on hearing the recital of liisaHetlingcataHrophe, brt)ke forth into many exprellions of unaHeCled lorrow. In one of the principal apartments of the baron's hoiile, be fliewed our gentlemen two pitlures, one of De Kuyier, tlie other of \'an Tromp, with a vacant Ipace Icit between them, which, he faid, he intended to fill up wiih the portrait of Captain Cook; and for this purpole he re- quelled that they would endeavour to ;-.v,curc one for 'lim, on their arrival in (ireat-Uiiiaiii, at any price. During our eoniinuaiicc at the Cape, we met with the moll Iriendiv treatment, not only from the (iovernor, but alio lioin the other principal perfons, as well Africans as Europeans, belonging 10 the plate. Eallward of the Cape lies Falfe-Hay: and at the diHaiue of about la miles from the Cape, on the wellern liile, is Simon's-l\ay,ihc only commodious lla» tion for lliipping to lie in. To the N. .N". caHward of this bay, there .ire lonieoiliiMs, from which, iiowever, it mav with eafe be diHingnifhcd, by a rcniarkablo fandy 'an ' w^ay ^1 i' 1 '^ii.' }H^, ^ m *V< if '1 I If "fff, FF '.it i' the N. < 1 the town, wliich forms a conlpicuous objcfl. The anchoring place in Simon's Bay, is litu- aicd in the lat. of 84 (leg. 20 min. S. and its lonj;. is 18 deg. 29 min. E. In fleering for the harbour, along t1)e wcllcrn (hore, there is a fmall Hat rock, known by the name of Noah's Ark; and about a mile to the N. caftward of it, are oihcr.«, denominated the Roman Rocks. Tlicfc arc a mile nnd a half diOant from the anchoring place; and cither to the northward of them or hctweeii them, there is a I'afe palfage'into the bay. Wiien the N. wellerly gales are lei in, the navigator, by tlie following bearings, will be dircdcd to a fecure and convenient Nation: Noah's Ark S. 51 dcg. E. and tlic centre of the bol'pital S. 53 dcg. \V. in 7 fathoms water. Hut if the S. caftcrly winds (hoiild not have ceal'ed blowinf;, it is more advifeablc to remain further out in 8 or 9 fathoms water. The bottom confifts of fand, and the anchors, before they gel hold, fettle con- (idcrably. .Aboutiwoleaguesto thceadward of Noah's Ark, Hands .SiMl-Kland, whole fouihern part is faid to be daiigcrou*, and not to be approached nearer than in 22 fathoms water with any degree ''•" fafety. The lignal was made for unmooring on Tuefday, May the gth, and about noon we took our departure from Simons-Bay. W'c had now provilions, live (lock, uatcr, and n.ival llorcs, aboard, in great plenty: alio lu-allhy crews, in high fpirils, williing for nothing but a lair wind to Ihorirn our palfage home. Or' the 141b, we got into the S. K. trade wind, and Hood to the \V. of the illands of Afccnfion and .St. Helena. W'ednel- dav, the 31II, wc were in lat. 12 dcg. 48 min. long. 15 deg. 40 min. \V. On Saturday the lOth of June, the Dilcovcry's boat brought Us word, that, in c.xcrciling brr (ircat guns, the carpcntei's mate had his arm Ihai- tercd in a (hocking manner, by part of the wadding being IcIt in after a lornu'r dilcharge; another man was r.iglitly wounded at the lame time. On the 12th, it began to blow very hard; and continued I'o till the next dav, wlicn we eroded ihc line to the northward, for the fourth time during our voyage, in the long. of 26 dcg. 16 min, W. Wc dclci ud the weftcrn coaft of Ireland on Saiur- dav the ijih of .\ugu!l, and endeavoured in vain 10 j>ci into Port Oalwav, but were compelled by violent fviuiiic-. ly \\inds, to Hand to the \. W'e made the idand of Lewi<, the wind (till continuing in the fame quarter. .About eleven o clock, A. M. on Tuefday the 42(1, both (liips came to anchor at Stromnefs in Scotland, from whence the dimmodore fcni (Japtain King to inform the Lords of the Adiiiraliy of our arrival. We arrived olf ^';lrnloulh on the 30th, in com- pany with his .Majcdy's (loops of war the Fly and Al- derncy. Our boats were iinmcdiately lent on Ihorc lui provilions, and for a I'paie cable for ourlmall bower, thai we had being nearly rendered unlit for ufc. The Rcloluiion and Difcovery reached the N'orc in f.ifeiy on the 4tli of Odobcr 178O; and, on the 6tli, dropijcd anchors ai Dep'l'urd; after four years, thnc nioiiihs, and two days iiblcnte. During this long and h;r/.ardous voyage, the two fhips never loll li'.;hl of cith other for a day logciher except twice; the lirll time, owing to an accident that happened to the Difcovery oH the coallol Owliy- hce; the Iccond, to ihc fogs ihcy met with al the 111- irance of Awatlka Hay; a (Inking proof of ilie (kill and vigilance of the luhaltern odicers. .\iiothcr circumllancc, no lel» remarkable, is, the uncommon bealthincfs of the companies of h^siU fliip, When Captain King quitted the Difcovery at Siioin, nefs, be had the (atisfaclio>-. ot leaving the whole ire«t in perfefcl health ; and, at the fame tinje, the nunibtr of (ick perlons on board the Refolution did imtcx. ceed two or three, only one of whom was iiicapublcuf Icrvice. During the whole voyage, the Refolution loll n, more than live men by lickncfs, three of whomwctc in a precarious (la:e of health at their departuie (rum Fngland. The Difcovery did not lole one. ihu lingular fuccels may, under the ble (Ting of an all. dircding Providence, be jullly attributed to a ii,;f| and unremitting attention to all ihelaluiary and well. kn.-.wn rcgulaiions eltablilhcd by Capt. Cook. ]|i,». ever, in Ipiie of thole precautions, the baneful cHifn of fait provi/ions might have, perhaps, in the (rj been leverely (cit, had they not availed themfvlvoof every lublliiute their lituation, at vaiious limo, af. forded. I'hclc frequently conlilling of articles, ^luci, their people had not been ufed to conlidcr as (ood f(,, men, and hciiig fomctimcs exceedingly naulecuj, !i required the joint aid of perfiialion, auihoriiv, and example, to conquer '' eir prejudices and diCguJli. Souriixia, I> diji over tbe Source of tbe N 1 1. k ; and, ue truji vbi.'t ibt fame aaiiuicv and attention, bilberto preferved,Jhiill miri uiir future la/ioiirs, ibal wejljall Jlill retain tbat Jijiit- fiii/.'.i.d li/eialitY lUid eaioiir.nemeiit nilb ubitb 'J.r /hj:* /'<■(■« already jo eminently honoured ly tbe Vuaiii^ 'i,'- y ''f > v"Y A ti E^ '^■'i^-Ak^f. ■ ^0i:i>0^i3m'^ wait his iiijjelly s fuiihir commands. Having Hopped iheio a (hort tune, he received orders to proceed to like podedion ol his coiiliillhip. He returned with- out liils of time to Koine, and theiiec to Leghorn, where liaving cmbaiivcd on hoaid llie Montreal man of war, lie arrived .it .Algiers, uliero lie Iptiit a year, then pnpared to lake a vo\agi; lo Mahon on private bulinels; here heing dilui>i)oiiited in lii> views, he kiled ill a iinall velfel fiointli.ii port, and, having a fjir Wiiid, loon made the coall ol ,\frie.i, aiiading corn, and was now ready to fail. At the lame tune the Arabs of Ptolomeia told him, th.it the Welled .\li, a powerful iribi ih,i -cupy the whole country between that place and exandria, were at war among tbemlelves, .ip >| plundered the caravan of Morocco, and that ..^ pilgrims com- pofing it bad niollly peridied, having been fcattered in the del'ert without water ; that a great famine bad been at Herna, the neighbouring lovfii, to which Mr. Bruce intended lo go i that a plague had (bl- lowed, and the town, which is divided into upper and lower, was engaged in a civil war. 'I his torrent (d ill news was irrclillible, and was of a kind he did not propol'c to llruggle with ; bclides, there was no- thing, as far as he knew, that merited ihe>ri(k. He refolved, tbercForc, to lly from this inliofpitable coall, and lave to the public, at leall, that knowledge and cntertainrm'nt be bad ac(|uired for them. Accordingly he embarked on board the Greek veflel, very ill accoutred, as he afterwards found, for, tiiougl) it had plenty of (ail, it had not an ounce of ballall. A number of jjcople, men, women, and children. '/ ■ hi '^ >ri;;iliy '■■■ -Vmi. If: III 1; • NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. m 'M m ii i ' 11 1 i-liiUlrcli, flyiiin; from the ralamities which attend r.uniiiv, crowded in unknown to him ; but the palluge w,is (liort, the vclkl linht, and the mailer, as was luppolcd, Mcll accudoincd to thole leas. The con- trary ol' tills, liowcvcr, was the iriiih, as he learned afieiwards, wiieii too late, lor he was an abloliitc lajuHuian; proprietor indeed ut the vcllel, but this had been liis (iril voyage. Tlicy failed at dawn of day in very favourable and ple.ilant weather. It was the bcgiiininj{ of S^'ptcinber, and a light and Heady breeze, thouiih not properly fair, proniifed a (hort and atjrecable voyage ; but it was not lonj; before it turned frefh and cold ; a violent (liower of hail came on, and the clouds were j^atbering as if for thunder. Mr. Urnce obfervcd that they gained no oiling, and hoped, if the weather turned bad, to perluade the c.ipt.iin to put into Ueni^ivi, for one inconvenience he prelenily difcovereil, tliat they had not provifion on board for one ilav. L'nfortiinaiily, however, the wind became con- trail-, and blew a violent ilorin. The vclfcl being in her trim with lart;e latine lails, fell violently to leeward, and they Ic.ircc had weaihertd the cape that makes the euirancc into the harbour of Uengar.i, MJiich is a v^'ry bad one, ^hen all at once it ftruck upon a funken rock, and Itemed to be let down upon it. Tlie wind at that niltant feemed providentially to calm ; but our traveller no fooner obfervcd the fliip had rtruck, than he begati to think of his own fituation. 'I hey were not lar from (hore, but there was an exceeding gre.it (well at lea. Two boats were (Ull towed aUcrn of them, and had .lot been hoilled in. Koger .M'Cormack, Mr. Brucc's Iridi fervant, had been a faihu on board the .Monarch before he defcrted to the Spaiiilb lervice. He and the other, who had likewife been a failor, prefently unl.ilhid (he laigell boat, and all three got down inio her, followed by a multitude of people whom they could not liinder, and there was, iiuleed, Ionic- thing that borilcred on cruelty, in preventing poor people from iifing the lame means that they had done for prcferving their lives. The moll that could be done was, to get loofe from the (hip as foon as pof- fible, and two oars were prepared to row tlir bo.it iifhorc. Mr. IJrucc had dripped himfelf to a (hort tiiidcr waillcoat and linen diawers; a (ilk falh, or girdle, was \iri])t round him ; a pencil, fmall pocket- book, and watch, were in the brcall-pockei of his wailkoat; two .\tonri(h and two Knglifh fervants fol!o\kcd him ; the rell more wife remained on boaid. Tl'.'.y were not twice the lcnj;ili of the boat from the vcfFcl, before a wave very nearly (illed the boat. A howl of dcfpair from thoie that were in her (hewed their helpleis (late, and that tliey were confcious of a daiijier they could not num. Mr. Bruce faw the fate of all was to be deculerl by the very next wave vihich was rolling in; and apjirchcnlive that foinc ■woman, child, or helplcfs man, would lay hold of him, and en'angle his ani>» or legs, and weijih him down, lie cried to his fervaMts, both in Arabic aiul Englifh, " We arc all loll; if you can Iwun, f^,||„^, me:" be then let himfelf down in the face of iji,. wave. Though Mr. Bruce was a good and praQifcJ fwimmcr, young, vigorous, healthy, and cap.iblo ul fatigue, yet he louiid himlell very iiifuirKicm wlicti he came to the fiuf; he was, however, floated irj by a large wave, in a very exh.iulled condition, ai,j remained llruggling with the lea, when he crept out of its reach, and loll both his underllandiim j,,,] recolletlion. At this time the .Vrabs came ddwn jq plunder the velfel. Mr. Jiiuce, who liithciif) re. mained infenlihie, was aroiiled from his lethargy In a blow with the butt-end of a lance, fliod with' ium upon the junfliire of the neck with the hack-bone' after many kick.s, blows, lV;c. they dripped him ui liis clothes, which had been made at .Algiers di,j left him naked. He found afterwards, bv a youii-i inan who had accodcd him, that he was taken Tir a Turk, bis clothes having been n' .de in the I urkOi falhion. The Arab, convinced ai bill that he w.iv j poor Chridian from Tunis, and fliipwreckcd, a.m.- him a ragged dirty baracen to cover him. lie ^-^^ then ordered up to a tent, e.vamined, and he and his fervants, who were all Caved, allowed a pleimlul flipper, and every thing taken Iru n tl-.em was icllorcil after two days ; being then mo'.iiud upon cnntli they were forwarded to Uenga/i, where Mr. litud' found a fmall Krencli Hoop, and being knoMi lo ih': captain, was fujipjied with what inoiiev he wannj aiiil other iieceflaries. They failed with a fair wind and landed at Canca, where Mr. Bruce was taken very ill- From (^aiir.i he failed for Rhodes: ihcticc proceeded to t'allelrollo, on the coad of Caranuinia a part of Alia .Minor, which .Mr. Bruce, notwiih. danding a (trong inelinatioii, was prevtiiied [um exploring, through the leveriiv of bis illncls. On the redr-ation of his health, Mr. Biikc bc^jn to think of his long intended journey to raiimtj. He let out at a time appointed for Hamath, \klit'it.' I.c found his condutlor, and proceeded to Hadia; frdni H.dFia they proceeded to Cariatecn, when iwu old men on horfeback, one from the Mowalli, and am)- ther fiom the .Xnney tribe, accompanied ihcm m I'almyra. From this he proceeded to lialbtc vtlin'i is about I JO miles didaiice) and very furtunduU arrived the fame dav that F.mir Yoiifcl li.id rcdut I the town and fettled the government, anil \»a> dc camping from it on bis return home. It wa^ Imiii nately for Mr. Bruce, becaiile he wa< the l.iim . fiieiid, and had obtained liberty to do there what U pleafed. Having made all iieced.iry ohlfrvalum., .Mr. Bruce arrived at Sidon in good liealih, and hm^ prepared to (et out on his dilcovery of the Imin. 2tfi^'-ri^»«5^!3^2^;::?i:2^Gf«j?r?«^^ HOOK I. CHAPTER I. \ik*.»4:iiJ.i Mr. Biiucf tri^iis hu Inn'tlf, &<•. — Df/niplion of AliXitmiria, RofiUo, Egvpt, Qiin, tfc. (^c. f. — Ihi I'leral AJvcutuns of Mr. Bruc> during^ bis I' ya^c in lb* Red Hea — Hi' /hrvial in ibc Harbour of Mt^ab. ON' the 15th of June 1768, Mr. Bruct failed from Sidon, with a favouiable wind, for the idand of Cyprus. On the lyih they left I.ernica ; and on the iSihllecred for .Mexandria. .Mr. Bruce, on his arrival here, found that the people had begun only two days before to open their doors and communicate with each other, as a terrible plague had raged in that city and nelgboiirhood from the brginniiig of .March, being almoll four monilis. V\ c (iiid (roin Mr. Unices account, that Aiexan- ilria fwiiich bus been often taken (incc tbo Jl'nq of Ciefar) wai at I.U ilcrtroyed by the Vcnciiin^ .irnj ('ypriots, upon, or rather after the rclcalc oi St. Lewis. 'I'he bun Img of the prcl'ent gates and walls, which fomc have thought 10 be antique, does not feem earlier ih.iii the ladi redoralion in the ihirtecnili century. Some parts of the gates and walls may be of older date (and probably were iliofc of the laft Caliphi before Saladin) i but, except thefe, and the pieces of columns which lie liorirontally in diRccn'. parti of the wall, every ihing elfc is apparciuly 0; very late lime*, and the work has been huddin; tugcihct BRlICtVs TRAVELS to uiscovkr the SOURCE of the NILE. 653 C^Sf»2*C'K:4»5 .|,(|,er in S,^C'^<- I'^H*"- 'rhcic is noibiiit; liraiilifiil , ,,|i-,ir.iiii ill tlio prcrcnl Alexandria, l)iit .1 haiidlonic ,ii^'jt (it modern lioulcs, where a very active and !.;.||i(tiiii number of nierclianis live upon i!ic mile- ,l,li. riiniianis of that tr.idc, whicli made its j^lory in I,, lull times. It is tliinly inhabii'.'d, and ilicre is a I u'.iii'Hi among the natives, that, more liian once, . I, ,s Ih'cm in aiMtation to abandon it aliogctiier, and iif^. lo Holiiio, or Cairo, but tiiat they have been itlilull I'V •'"' opniion of divers laini^ Ironi Arabia, i,„ |,j\c alhired lliem, tliat Mecca bein^ detttoyed i.'\iA\ nmll be as they ihiiik by the Knlliaiis) .\lix- i,,||i.i is then lirconie tiie b-.ly placr, and thai Maho- i„(.,\ body is 10 be iraidjioncd tliiilier. \;lr, I'liiice now left this phicc in order to prr)fcculc I,;, imdiii.ikinj;. Kcvpt is fidl of deep dull and li,,,| fuun the be(;inning of Marcli 10 ilie hrll of the jiiiiiul.iiioii. Ii is ihishne powder and land, railed and laolCiicd bv llu- lu It of the tun, and want of dew, and ,,.)! Iiciiii; iic'l '''I*. •'* ■' were, by any root or vii;cta- ,i,,;i, which the Nilt- came:, oil wuh it, and Inines in ,1,.. la, and wiiich many igiiorantly liippole comes fr.iiii Ahvlliiua, whcie every river runs m a bed of f.'ii. When you leave the lea, you lltikc otf neaily ,1 r; 'ht ati^lcj, and purine your journey to tlie calt- ttiuh Here heaps ol Hones and trunbs of pdiars are I I lip to '.;iiide Mill in ytmr road, tbroii;;h niovint; Uiuls, winch Hand in hdlock^ in propei directions, ;in.l«l)icii coiiduci \ou lately to Koletto, liiriour.dcd (iiicnc lule by thel'e lulls of land, which Ictin ready !,■ cover it. Ilic |.'iirnrv to I^ofctlo is alwav-; perfurnud by 1,11(1 as the mouth of the branch of the Nile U adiii'^ 10 KoIcih), called the Hogaz, is very Iballow and iliii n-roiis 10 pals, and often tedious ; bcfides, nobody ^ill'i s i() he a partner for any lime in a voyage with t -iinian f.iilois, il lie can p<.lliblv avoid it. 1 he ..iiiicv bv land is alio reputed dini>erous, and pciplc travel burdencil with arms, which they are iKicimi'K'il never to ule. K. liiio IS upon that branch of ibe Nile which was cillcd the IJolbuttu; Hianeh, and is .iboiit four miles fr,mi the lea. It is a large, clean, neat town, or \ :U;c, upon the eallein hde of the Nile. It is jhiiiit three miles bniii, much fieijiienicd by fludious aiul tclmioiis MahoinetaiiN ; among thdc loo are a I inli.lciahle number of niertbani-, it being the fMircp'it between Cairo and Alesahdiia, and c/iC .,i,,(; heie too the meichanis liave then lattors, vi-i hiperiiilend and w.iicb over the meichandi/e «liich pe garden, with Ivw phalant walks, .^boiit four luindicd iiihabi- iin;« have ahloliilc power, and in llu ir own niaiiiier .. iniiiilb'r what l!iey call juliice; howiver, in Mr. Ilriue's time there was loine modeiaiion, tl ere being ■ iiily one Ah lU-y. Kvery liey has a gieat number .i| iervanis, II iven to him, as he was to others bclore ; ilicl'e aie his guards, whom he occalionally pronioies, '.ill!, what is very rem,irl;able, ihele llavcN, that aro IHifiliafed, alwavs Inececd them in dignity and cllaie, ill (ir, lirrrncc ti) their own children. Mr. ISnire had an audience with the 15ey, wtio w;is a voiiimcr man than he tlioiight ; he was lilting upon a large fofa, coveied with crimlon cloth ot (;oldi liK turban, his giidle, and the head ol his d.il^ger, all thick coveted with line brilliants. The Uci, entered inio difcoiirle with hiin on various liib- jifls, and, after I'letiuciit interviews, (licwcJ lim 7 J' much favour. Mr. Bruce having obtained fevcrai letters and dlfpatches prcp.ired for his journey, he and his companions fucurcd about to carry them to Kiirnioiii, the rclidcncc of Hamam, the Shekli of Upper T.gypi. 'This boat is called a canja, and is one of ihe moll commodious ufed on any river, being f.ife and expeditious at the fame time, though at lirll it has a llrong appearance of danger. 'That on which they embarked was about 100 feet from Hern to ilcm, with two malls, main and foremall, and two monnrous Laliiie fails, the mainlail yard being about 200 feet in length. 'There is peculiar to the Nile a certain kiiid of pirates conllanlly on the watch to rob boats, in which they fuppofe the crew are oil their guard. They generally approach the boat when it is calm, cither Iwimming under water, or when it is dark, upon goat Ikins; after which they mouiii with the utmoll lilencc, and lake away whatever they can lay their hands on. 'They arc not very fond it feems of meddling with vellels where they fee Tranks or Kuropeans, being in dread of tire-arms, tlie clfetls of which they had expciienced. Mr. i'.ruee and his companions embarked on the Nile at Mulae, on board tliis canja, Ucccmhcr 12 j ilie wind being contrary, the boat was obliged to be drawn with a rope agaiiilt the llrcam. Tiiey advanced a few miles to two eoiivcnls of ( Ophts, called iJei- rcleen. Here they flopped to pais the night, having h.ul a tine view of tlie pyramids of (.iec/a and Sac- cara, and being liicn in figiit of a prodigious number ot others built ol white clay, ami llreiching far into ti.e liclcrt to the h)Uth-wett. Two of thcle leemed lull as large as thole lU .t are called the pyramids cf (Ice/.a. One of them ,cas of a very extraordinary form ; it feeined as if it had been intended at lirll to be a very l.irgc one, but that the builder's heart or means h.ul laded him, and that he had brought it to a very milliapen dilprop'Utioned head at lall. .'\ tribe of .'\iabs was encamped on the tide of the Nile, oppolilc to their boat, a little lunher to the louih. 1 hele were iubjett to Caiio, or were then at peace with its governnieni. 'They arc called llowadaf, being a part of the Aiouni, a largo tribe that polielles the Ilihinus of .Suez, and from tiiat go up luiween the Red Sea and the inoiintaiii-; tliat bound the call part of the valley of l'.g)pt. 'They reaili lo the lengtli of Collcir, where liiey border upon anotlier large tribe called .Ababde, which ex- tends from thence up into Nubia. Both theic are wiiat were anciently called Sl:cphcrds, and are con- llanlly at war with each other. ihe Shekh of llowadat fiirnillnd Mr. Bnicc with horfcs, who, with his roin|)anioiis, let out tlieir veil liiis on the i^ih, and |)alled a very conliderable village called I'una, on the call Tide of the river, and a I'mall village, conlilling of about thirty houl'es, oil ilie well, called Shekh Atman ; here the Nile is about a ijii.irier id' a mile broad. Having made loine lew oblei vations, Mr. Bruce and friends re- tiirne 1 abmit four o'clock in the afternoon. 'TluA hoilled tlieir main and tore-fails, leaving the point of Metrahenny with a fair I'refh wind ; when they had failed about two miles, they law three men hilling 111 a manner and liiiiaiion very extraordinary. 1 hey were on a raft of palm branches, lupported on a llo.it of cla\ j.irs, made iail together. The form was triangiil.ir, like the face of a pyramid j two men, eai.:h provided with a calling-net. Hood at the two corners, and threw their net into the llieam together j the third Hood at the third corner, which was fore- moll, and threw his net the moment the other two drew theirs out of the water. .\nd this they re- pe.iied, in perfeil time, and wiih luipridng regularity. The Kais ihoiighl our travellers wanted to buy filh, and leiiing go his ni.iinfail, oidered them un board with a great tone of liipeiii>ritv. 'They were in a moment along-llde of them ; and one of them came on board, lalhing his niilerahle raft 10 a rope at their Horn. In rccompcnce For their trouble thev gave 8 C them II r I ■'"■'« J:;: W\ lA 'm 654 NEW COLLKCTION ok VOVAGKS and TRAVKLS. ^U I!«l I . il *r ^' [ ■ tlicm fome large pieces of iDb.iccn, and this triiiil- poricdthein loniiich, ili.it tiny hrtjunl.t them a b.iik'jt olToveral diHerent kiiuis live miU s (roin Miniel. Several v lages on tlie wellern (bore had been pad'cd; tlidl,; of the eallcrn (eeming wholly unpeopled. I licy cam- to a village called Khoda, whence ihev faw the mai; nilicent uiiiis ago, among ihemlelves, and were going to ligiuaijain, each of llieiii liaving called .Arabs to their Jllillance. So violeniK exalperaied were Hallan and his foil .\la boniel, that lhe\ could hardly be diHuaded Irom u turning ag.iin to the lliore, and (lilcliargiiig all iK guns and bluiiderbullcs ihcy had among the inhabi- tants. .After Mr. Ilrucc liail inoderaied their padion, ihrv palled .Adiiiioiinein, probably the ancient I.atopolis, a largo town, which gives the name to the province, where there arc inagniiicent ruins of Kg\piiaii arrbi- leUiire; .ind after they came to Melawe, larger, lieticr built, and belter inhabited than Adimoiinciii, ilic n (ideiueol the Cachell. .Mahomet Aga wasiheicat tli.it tune with troops from < airoj he had taken Mi- tiiei, ami, by the iiieiiddiip of ^lickh iianiam, ibe grc«t ^^-'AW.^i^it' BRUCE's TRAVELS to discoveh the SOURCE of the NILE. G55 jii'Jt Arab, governor of Upper Kgypt, lie kept all the ".,,i)lconthat (idc of ilic river in allcf^iiiicc lo Ali Hey. ' Here Mr. Urucc procured ab.uit a gallop of brandy, . ,jr of lemons and oranges prefcrved in honey, a li,„|,i foinc garden Ihiif, &c. &c. 'riiey palled the MiiIIl', a i'\yM village, with a great number of acacia irccs, intermixed with the plantations of palms. Tiicv palll-d feveral villages on the 20th ; at length fcaclicil Sionts, but were obligrd to (lay at Tiona, jjihewind turned direcll) fouth. This is a final I Kuvii, liirroimded with groves of palm trees. 'J'he \ilc IS here lull of fandy illands. On the 2 1 II they came to Oawa. The next day, ijicv arrived at .Achmrin, where tlu-y Raid till the ,,ili when they viliicd the village Shekh Ali on the „(.|1 iwo miles and a quarter dillant. Now they njliidleveral villages, particularly Kniidi, and hav- ing i Id out from Heliaiii on the J-jth, arrived at Den- (icU .ihi'Ut 12 o'clock in the afternoon. This (even at prdeiit) is a conliileralile town, all covered with ihicii nrovcs of palm trees, the fame that )iiven.il dc- Liibi's it to have been in his time. A mile loiith of 1 • town arc ruins of two temples, one of wliich is lo miicli buried under ground, that little of it is to be Iccn; but the other, which is by far the mod mai^ni- \\:it, is entire, and acceHible on everv lide. It is ;;;j c.ivcred with hieroglyphics, both within and witli- i,it all in relief J and of every fi;;urc, (imple and iiuiiputliul, that evei has been pubhlhed, or called an in^roalvpluc. I he form of the building is an oblong Ijuarc, the ends of which arc occupied by two large jpjrir.iinls, or veflibules, lupported bv monlhous loiiisiins, all covered with hieronlyphus likcwil'e. j,.i!;>c are in form of men and beall-.; lome leem to be ihc fiKiires of inllruinents of lacrilicc, while others, ;;i .Unialler lize, and leis diftinfl form, leem to be rsViiiniDns in the current band of hieroglyphics. Ihcv are all linilhed with pcriiliar attention. The capitals are of one piece, and ccnilill of four hiice huimn heads, placed back 10 back at;i\iiill one another, with bat's ears, and an iltimagined, and Kjrlc executed, fold drapery between them. .Above ililc is a large oblong lipiare block, llill larger than ihf capitab, with four Hat fronts, dilpoled like panels, ilut i» with a kind of Iquare border round the ed^es, \ihile the faces and fronts are filled with bierogly- (hics, as are the walls and ceilings of every pan of ihf temple. Between thele two apartiHcnis in the • xiri'inmes, there are three other apartimnts, refem- i,l;ii.! the tird, in every refpetl, only that they are liKiller. The whole building is of common white lionc, from the neighbouring mountains, only thole iwo, in winch have been funk the pirns for hanging ihc outer doors (for it feems they had doors even in ihiile (lavs) are of granite, or black and blue por- phyry. The to[) of the temple is Hat, tiie Ipouts to carry oil the water are monltroiis heads of Iphinxcs; ihc i;lohes with wings, and the two lerpents, with a kind of Ihicid or bteall-pl.ite between, aie here I're- (|iiciitly repeated. Inch ai wc lee them on the Car- liijginiaii medals. The hieroglyphics have been piiiiicd over, and great part of the colouring \et KHwiiis upon the Hones, red, in all its lliades, elpe- rully that dark diilky colour called I') rian purple; \(lli)W, very frelji; Iky blue 'that is, near the blue nf ail rallern 11,)', I'Lveiai thades li'.;hler than ours}; i;'ifii of (lillerent lhade>: ihefe are all the colours irefcrvcd. Seme (hurt time before Mr. Bruce came to Den- ilfra, they law the lirll crocodile, and afterwards hiin- ilirJ<, I. ini» upon cver\ illand, like l.ir^e Hocks of iiiile; vet the inbabiiaMts of Dendera drive their l),;ilt<(il every kind into the river, and tl'.ev Hand i!uic !i)r hours. Tiic girls and women too, thatcoine in Ijtcli water in jars. Hand up to tluir knees in w.i.er for a confidcrable time; and if we may guels bv what happens, their danger is full as little as their li ir, far none of them, as far as our travt Hers could l-.iiii, had been bitten by a crocodile, llowevci, if ill.: Uendeiitcs were as keen and expert hunters of crocodiles, as fonic liiHorian.s tell us they formerly were, there is furely no part of the Nile where they would have better Iport than here, immediately before their own city. They now proceeded to Furfliout, and vifitcd tlic convent of Iriars, who arc of the order of the re- formed I'Vancifcans. Furlhout is a very conlidcrablc well-cultivated plain. It is lown with wheal nine miles over to the foot of the mountains, and con- tains plantations of lugar canes. 'I'hey left this place Jan. 7th, 17G9, and palled a large town called Mow, on the well lide of the .Xilc, and arrived about four o'clock in the afternoon at Kl tlourni, which is a fmall village diHant a quarter of a mile from the Nile. .'\bout half a mile north of I'.l (lourni, are the inag- nilicent, Ihipcndouslepulchresof '1 hebes. The moun- tains of the Thebaid come dole behind the town; they are not connetted with eaL'.i oti-.er in ridges, but Hand infulated upon their bales; lo that you can get round each of them. A hundred of tlieie, it is faid, are excavated into lepulchral, and a variety of other apartrnents. I. uxor, and Carnac, which is a mile and a quarter below it, aie by far the largell and moll magniiicent IVenes of ruins in Kgypt, much more extcniive and llupendoiis than thole of Thebes and Dendera put together. There are two obc'.ifks here of great beauty, and in good prelervation ; they arc lels than thole at Rome, but not at all mutilated. 'I'he p.ivcment, which is made to receive the Hiadow, is to this day lo horizontal, it iniglit Hill be ulcd in obftrvation. .■\t Carnac they law the remains of two vail rows of Iphinxes, one on the right hand, the other on the left (their heads were mollly broken) and, a little lower, a number as it fliould leem of teriniiii. Thcv were compoled of balaltes, wiih a dog or lions hcati, of Kgyplian Iculpture. 'Thev Mood in lines likewife, as if intendeil as an avenue to lome princij)al build- ing. They lelt I. uxor on ilic t7th, and came to an an- chor in the evening on the eadem lliore, nearly op- polile to I'.liu-, which lliev paHed over the next morn- ing, and alio the lown of Kdlre, where there are conliilerable remains of Egyptian arcliitecluvc. Efne isthe ancient Tatopoli*, and has very great remains, particularly a large temple, which, though the w hole of it is of the remoteH antiquity, leniis to have been built at dilfeient times, or rather out <, aimed willi fwoitls, a p.iir of pillols at their {;irdlc, and a fliort neat );iini llicir arni.>i were in ver\ ("dod order, with their Hints and aninmiiiiion liowed in lartrid^e boxes, in a very loldier-like manner. A lew of thelc fpokc Arable, and .\lr. iiiiii e's (irei k leivant, .Mieliacl, in- irrpctcd lor the rell. Ilavini; bnn uihirincd, that the larn? lent belonged to an l',n,;lillinian, llicy eanio into It \Milumt eeieuiuny. They told .Mr. Bruce, that they were a number tif nei^liboius and compa- iiioiK, who had fet out to);etl,er to ^o to .Mcrra, to ihc Uadjej and not knowing ihc ljni;u.i'4C, or cullonx of the people, they had been hut inditfercntly tiled fiiicc tlicv landed .it .Mexaiidria, p.irlieularU lomc- where about .Aehiiiiiii; that one of tiie ( )wain, or Iwini- iniii;; thieves, had Ik\ ii on board (>l iliein in the nigi;i, and I'ad carried off a linall poiiiii.mioau, wiiii about ■JOO Icquins in Rulil; that, ti',(nii;li a tompl.iiiit had been made to ihi. Iky of (.irj;o, \et iio latisfjction had been obtained ; and ili.it now they h.id heard .111 iLiiglilbman was here, wlunii ihcy reckoned their count i-y"htn, tliev had come to [iropole, that ibcy ihould make a common caiilr to defend caili other a<;ainlf all enemies. — W'h.it they (ii;iiilied b;, comttry- H/.m was this; — I'hcrc is in .Mia Minor, loincwhcrc between Anatolia and ("araiiiania, a diltriU wliieb ihev call C az I),i:;li, and thi:- the I urks believe was the eouiiirv from wliitli the iiiRlilh hill drew their ori;^in ; and on tin account ihey never iail 10 claim kiiMliid Willi the Kn^lilh wherever thev meet, clpe- cialU if thev ll.ind in need of their allill.'.uce. '1 hey fpent the i8ih, at Ic^da, waitiii); for the jiinttion of the caravai!>, and the next day ileparted about lix in the niorniii)^. I heir journev, all that d.iv, was throiiiili a plain, never lel» ilian a niilc broad, and never broader th.in three ; the hills, on their rii;hl and leli, were higher than the former, and of a brownilh calcined colour, like the Hones on the fides of Mount \ efuvius, but without an\ lieib 01 tree upon iheni. 'J'hey palled a inoiiniain of (^rcen and red maiblc at iiall pall ten, and at twelve they entered a plain called Hamra, where thev (iril oblerved the land red, with a purple lall, of the colour of porplury; and this is the rcafon the valley is called ll.niira. Mr. llrucc dilinounted here, to cNainiiit of what the rocks were compolcd ; and loiind that here bc- gan the quarries ot porphyry, without the iiiixiure of any other ftonc ; but it was imperfect, brittle, and foft. fie had not been engaged in th.is purluit an hour, before they vnerc alarmed with a rcpoit that the Atouni had attacked the rear of the caravan; they were at the head of it. The Turks and his fer- vaiiis were all drawn together, at the toot of tiie inouiiiain, and polled as .idvantageoullv as polliblc. Hut it loon appeared, that they wete loine thieves onlv, who had atlcinpied to Ileal Ionic loads of corn from camels that were weak, or fallen lame, perhaps in inicllii;ence with thole of their own caravans. They left Mccir cl Mafarek ( 11 the acih, and came to the mouib of the defiles at ten ociock. Thev departed eaily from Koraim on the 2 iff, and palled feveral defiles ; at lall thev arrived at Colleir. — This is a fmall niud-walled village, built upon the fliore, among hillocks of floating; land. It is defend- ed by a fquare fort of hewn Hone, with fqtiare lowers in the angles, which have in them three (inall can- non of iron, and one of brafs, all in very bad condi- tion j of no other life but to terrify the Arabs, and hinder them from pliindeiing the town when full of corn, going to Mecca in time of famine. The walls are not hitjii; but their ramparts are heightened by tluy or mud-walls to fcreeii the loldiers from the fire- arms of the Arabs. The port is noihini; but a rock, on the eall end of tlic town, which runs out about .joo yards into ilie lea, and defends the vi iiels which ride to the wc(\ of it, from the north and north call winds. Tlierc is a large em lofiirc with a hiuh mul wall, where every merch.ant has a lliop or tnu'-azip lurhi.i corn ami mciLlrandile. At this time the caravan, from Sycne, arrived eleoried by 4C0 .\bab(K', all upon camels, cari,' armed with two Iborl javeliii>, and making a whiirf. ral ajiprarance. The Ababdc bavini' tolj ||rjj,i flories about the mountain of emeralds ; Mi. \\^^_ determined, till his captain (hi-nld reiurii, to xnA. a voyage there. ;\ccordiiii;ly he choie a m.in uii, h,id been iwuc at thele iiuiuntams of cuierahK- ani Willi the bell biat then in the harbour, on 1 inij. the i-itli of March, they failed, with the wjnd ;, north-eall, from the harbour of Colleir, ahoiii hour bt lore the dawn of day. They kept c().il||i,j alone;, wiih a very moderate wind, much divert^ with the red and green appearances of the marbl- mountains upon the eoalf. Their vefRI had im. fail, like a llraw matirefs, made of the leaves of kind of palm tree, which thev call Doom. \\ y,, li.ved above, and drew up like a curtain, but rjid noi lower with a yard like a fail; l» that upon (Ircfstf weather, if the fail was lulled, it was lo tiip.licjj., that the Ihip mull founder, or the mall he c.irticd away. But, bv wav of indemnilKatidn, llie planl, of the velfcl were fewcd together, and there wj, . ,,, a nail, nor a piece of iron 111 the whole fhip; lo liai when (he ftriick upon a rock, feldom any djmac attended. About nine o'clock, on the t/jih^ \||. Bruce law a large high rock, like a pillar, nliniio;,! of the lea. .At lirll, betook it for a part (if the un- tinentj but, as he advanced nearer ii, liic lim bciri verv clear, and the lea calm, he took an ohrcrvalio,'' and .IS their liiu.ilicni was lat. ."; deg. (i nun. and ilo illaiid about a l-.i!;uc dillant, toihc S. S. W. ofihcm he concluilcd ii» l.itiiude to he pretty c\.!ttlv j^d-'. 3 mill. Noi ill. This ill.ind is about tlirei' iinks Irrn tl-.e Ihore, of an oval form, rifing in tlio niiddlc. It leeins to be of granite t and u c.illed, in ilic la;i. giiagc of the coui:!rv, |il)'jel Sibergrt, whuh hat been tranllalctl ibc M unliini rf t,>i,r:l. arc laid to h.ise tlrawn the emeralds. '1 he tiavilicri were not provided uiib materials, and little cixIkuhI with incliiialiuii, to dcfceiid ir.:» ai.' one of ihein, where the air was probably bad. Mr. .Mriice | ickcl up the nozels, and foine fragments of iinips, li^J thole of which we find iiiillions in Ilalv; aiui loin- worn fr.igmciiis but veiy finall ones, of ill il iiiiiil- green cnllal, whiili is the liber-.:,ct and bilur il Kthiopi.i, pel haps the /umriid, the fiiiarj'.;diu dc- Icribcd by l'lin\, but by no means the emcrali', known lince the difcovery of the new world, Mlai:,- firfl cbarafcler ablolulely defeats its pretciiliori, tl. true I'eruvian emerald being equal in liaiilmu !■ the luby. Having now fufFicicnity faiisfied ciirioliiy, \'r. Bruce returned to his boat, ar.d continued aK>ii;;i.. coall with an <-aly fail; and, alitr lome daniifii'i! Ilorms, arrived on the lyib, about evening, at Col- leir: here Mr. Kruce piociired a vefici, and laik'il from that pott on the 51I1 of .April, and on liic 61I', made the )aHaieen illaiids. I licfe illaiids arc fipii; in number, joined by Iho.ils and liiiiken nvi.. 'I hev arc crooked, or bent, like half a how, and .u dangerous fur Hups (ailing in the night, becaule lln-r: leeins to be a pillage between lliem, to which, wV.f pilots are attending, they neglett iwo (mail (hinj'.crous junk rocks, ih at he almoll in the middle of tl:c en- trance, in deep water. Thev w A \' E L S. lusa /l>op or mo.a/,J '• ,!"'•"" ^)■'^"^ arriv,,! •'11 "pon (,;in,fls. cnr! S .nnd nuikinsr ,, ,,|„„,^; )dc llavln^ ,„ia ||r,„; 3f .■mcr.kl.s; M,. ,j,^; "^'■■'I'l r^'orn. ,„ ,„,^ ly IH- du.ic a m,,„ ui,„ i'lal w,, , ,h, ,„„, ■ V. Ihcy lupt co,,(|,„, <-• WIIKi, „„„|, j,^.^^^^< cranes ,.f ,|,p ,„,^, Kulc <,t il,c Icuc „f - K-v call Doom. I, ^ e acur.;>i„. Im ,i,d „^| I., iliai upon (ir,r,„f '•'I. It was l„ lop.hcvv or ihc mall h, ,„,.^' .m.MlKa.M,,,. ,|„ .„.^ tlicr, and there kj, . ,,, lllC whole (hip; (,),';!j,' cl^, 1^ I'loni a,^ dania' c ■oik. on I ho i,,|,_ vi"; '''^^■■' pi'l'T, riling „;.; " '•"■•■' P^rt . ,f, he i„„. hciookanolircrxaiio,' -"; tlc!{. (i min. ajiJij! ""''«= ^- ^^- w. of ,h.; H-l>IOtlyc.\.;Cllv2;;,j,v' 1 ^bdut tliriT miles Ir,.,, . rifmi; 111 I he niiild:;- ui IS i.ijlc.l, ni ihc h'i 'tl ^ll)l■r^i■^, whuh lij, 'f ^•""■•-.'/./i. \cu ca,!v 'k li.c Arab „f (:.,iv,f «■•• I licv landed on a ill. laiidy like Colliir; ■^ 'iNcil, prodiicni^ |„mc •l""'>- 'Ihcv aiK.iiiftd a porRtllydcicii i(,un. '•'•' l< altered here a„d i I he inotimaiii; (jhrre, ilic ImU' <,( K^ .ircli\.' ("ur feet in dMnicta, >iii which the aiifioii;, cralds. '1 he liavdati lals niul liiileeiHl,,u,,i ir.:.' ai.; one oi ihcii', 'd. Mr. Mriicc pickf.l ;;nicnis ol ;.,„ip,, n;,. u in Italy; aiui liiini- ill "lies, of ihii hniii;' (ibi r':;ct and hilur cl d, the finarjiidiu dc'- ) means the tiiuTali', I he new wot Id, hl:i.^' ais its prcleiilion, ll\- equal in h.iidiau !■ lli.^fied (nrioliiv, W. d tontMuied aKui^ ;t.,' alter loine daiiijoK" bout cveninc, at CipI- d a vtliti, and laik'il .pnl, and on ihc 6il', hcle illaiuls arc Urn: and liiiiken niii,. e half a how, and ,i; e night, hecaulc ihci': hem, |i) wliith, v\l:i i I two IpKill (lan;;cr(nii he middle ul the en- Thcv hUUCF,'.. •l'RA\'I''.I.S ro discover mh. SOURCE of the NILE. (^57 TiuV ainved at lor on the gih, wliifh is a Ihiall n,,.i.i|iiii; vilU'ji-, wall a tonvinl td (Ireck nionk«, I'l'iiuin; I') Mi'iMit S.nai. 'I hev Hood out of this I ,,|)ijiir al diy-break on ihe iitli and made llic ^^^-c Vlihoincl. I|wy lili-d IVo'ii Cape Mahomei on the i;iih, id as ihi' lun iippearc <1. They p.iilcd ihe illaiul ol Y [|,|,e, ill ihc muulh of the Klaiiitic (iiilf, winch ii'.ui.' II near cipially into iwrj j or rallier tlic ...ilittL'll (ide IS iiarrowell, 'Ihc diittlioii of liie ,!,iitis iiearlv north and fouth. ^ On the ijih ihey caine to an a-.chor at Kl liar, hero ih-'V law lii>;h, cran);v, and broken niouMlain>, ill, 1 ill-' Miiuiilains of Kuddiia. I helc abound 1,11 Ipriiij^s of water J all forts of Arabian .mil Alr;- ,;, Irinis grow her, and l)>;l»rc Vnen ihcv anehoiej in the iiioulb of the puil in :.cp water. Yambo, curiiipily called '.nibo, is an incient ciiy, now dwindled to a pj'.iry village. ■ ..ii.li ", in ibe lantua^c of ibe countij, li^iuliea a t uMljiii or Ipriin;, a very copious one of excellent M ,:i'r htin'.; i'lund there aiiKiin» I'lc dale tiees, and II IS one ol the llaiions of the l^niir Hailje in !;oiii>; 10 aiiii coinnii; from Mecca, 'ii-.c alvanu^jc ol ilie iiorl, hiiwever, which the oliier has not, and ilu: uroicftion of ibc ciltle, have earned iiauing velleU to ihc modern Vainho, where there is no water, but mIui is brought from pocds du^ on purpofc to receive the rain wiicn i( falls. Mr. Hruee was obli^rd to llav here, mieb n;;ainfl hij mdinalioii, till the 27111 ot Apnl, on aci ouni of the levcral delays alieihhm; ihc loadini; of wheat, itc. Tlifv hilled in the nuuniiu^. .April :.ii, wuh a fir 'D of wheat thai did not beloni; 10 tiiem, ami ihree pjllei'.^cr.s, inllead ol one lor whom only .\lr. Urucc [•idiiiukrtakeii. On die ;id of May ibev arrived at Jidda, elofe upon the <|u.iy, where the ollicers ot the rulloui- i.iale iiiiinediately took poireliion of their l).i>;i;ai{e. T;:;^ pmt IS very e.\ieiiiive, eonliltiiii; of kveral iiliii.is leveral llioals and oriken rocks, with cliaii- iiii<, however, between tlu-ni and ile p water. 1 lie milt remaikable occuiieiue which at;raeled ihc irnellets notice, w i\ il'.e eMraordinary manner iiiviliuli ti.iile was eanied on at tins place. J heie nsre nine Ihipi from India of t;ieii value. One niorciiani, a lurk, \mi\n at Mecca, thirty lioui-s loariu V oil', where no Clirillian dare no, wbiilt ilic whole roiitinent is open to the lurk fur elcape, olfers 10 purchale the cari^ocs of lour out ol nine ol ihcle (liips biinlell ; another, ol iSie lame lait, comes aadfjvs, he will buv none, unlels iie ha> ihcui ail. The laniplcs are lliewn, and ihe c.ir;;()es of liic whole raiie liiips arc carried iiiiri ibc wikleit n.irt of .Vrabia, hv men with whom one would not willi to trult bim- I il aluiie in ihtr held. Iliis ii not all, two India hr.ikerscomc inia the room to fettle the price. One .Hi the put of the India captain, ibe otlu:r un that ul the buver, the Turk. 'I'hey are neiilier .\Iaho- !'{''ians nor C hritliins, but have credit with both. 1 hev lit down on the carpet, and lake an India I'lnvl, wineb they cauy on their lliouldciN, like a ■ i;)\in, and Ipread it over liieir hands. 'I'hey talk, ' I (he mean tunc, on dili^reut lubjecls, of the arri- ve! ul Ihips from liidia, or of the news of the day, J- if they were employed in no fcrioiis biilinefs what- ' . .r. .Alter about iwetiiy aiinuies Ip.-iit in handliiij» I Ji others liiiirers below the lliawl, the barj;ain is I i.icliided, lay for nine lliips, w ilivait one word ever 1 iviiici heeii Ipoken on the lub|eel, or pen or ink ii'el in am' 111 ipe whatever. 'Ihrie never was one iiillance ol a dilpilte happcniiij.; in ihele tales. The mode ol' paymciu is equally extraordinary. A private Moor, who had noiiiiii;^ to luppori him hut his ch.iracler, becaim- relpoiilil)le lor the pay- mem of ihele cargoes ; his name was Ibrahim Saraf To- when Mr. liriice was tlitrcj /. e. Ibrahim the broker. I ills man delivers a number of coarle tienipen hags, lull of what is I'uppolcd to he money. He marks the contents upon tiie bag, and puts bis fcal upon the llniii; that lies the mouth of it. This is received for what is marked upon it, without any one ever having opened one of the bags, and, m India, il is current lor the Value marked upon 11, as long as the bag re- mains. Jidda, as well as all the call coaft of the Red Sea, is very unwholel'ome. Immediately without the r,ale of thai town, to the eallward, is a ile- lei t pi. 1111 lilled with the huts of ibe Hedowecns, or couiiiry Arab.s, built of loii^ bundles of fpartum, or bent grafs, put together l;ke lalciiies. 1 hefe Bc- doweeiis lupply Jidda with milk and butter. There is no lliriing out id' town, even for a walk, unlels for about ball a mile, on die foiilb fide by the lea, where ibere is a number of llinking pools (if llagnant water, which contributes to make the town very unwhole- lome. Jidda, befides being in the moll unwholefomc part of Arabia, is, at the fame time, in the moll barren .iiid dclerl liluaiion. This, and many other incon- venienries, under which it l.ibours, would, prjbaijly, have occalloned its being abandoned altogether, were It not for its vicinity to .Mecca, and the great and luilden inlluK ol wealth from the India tr.ide, which, once a year, arrives 111 this p.irt, but docs not C(ui- tiniie, palling on, as through a turnpike, to Mecca -, whence it is dilperled all over the ealt. Very little adva'ttai;e, however, accrues to Jidda. The culloms aie all iininedi.ilely lent to a needy fovcreign, and a hungry let of relations, dependents, and niiniltcrs at Mecca. The gold is returned in bags and boxes, andpilles on as rapidly to the Ihips as the goods do to the market, and leaves as little profit liehind. In the mean time, provilions rile to a prodigious price, and tins falls upon the townluieii, while all the profit of the irallie is in the hands of Itraiiger j moll of whom, after the market is over (wdiich does idi lall li>L weeks) retire to Yemen, and oiher neighbouring countries, which abound in every fort of provihoii. .\i)i>viibllaiidiii.; Jidda is the country of their pro- phet, yet no wli,.ie are there lo many unmarried women, and the permiilion of marrying four wives was alloweii III this liilti lit III the lirll iiiltance, and afterwards communicated to all the tribes. Hut Mahomet, in his permiilion of plurality of wives leeins conltanlly to have been on bis gu.ird, agiinft lulleiing that, which was intended for the wellare of Ins people, from t)perating in a diliercnt manner, lie did not pel nut a man to marry two, three, or four wives, unlels he could maintain them. He was inlerelled lor the lights and rank of thele women j and the man lo marrying was obliged to iliew before the Cadi, or loiiie ccjuivalent ollicer, or judge, that It was in his power to lupport them, according to their biith. It was n )t lo with concubines, vs'itli women who were purehaled, or who were taken in war. Kvery man enjo)td ihefe at his pleafure, and iheir peril, tiiat is, whether he was able to main- tain them or not. From this great Icarcity of pro- vilions, which is tlie relult ol dn extraordinary coii- courfe to a place almoll delliiuie of the necellaries of life, few inhabitants of Jnlda can avail ibemfelves of the privilege granted them by Mahoinet. lie thcreloie cannot inairy more than ime wile, becaufc be cannot maintain more, and from this caul'e arifcs the want of people, and the large number of un- married women. Mr. Hriiee's reception here was particularly kind: the inhabitants did him the honour to attend him to the water edge. All the quay of Jidda was lined with people to fee the Englilh I'alutc, and along with bis vellel there parted, al the lame time, one bound to Maliiab, which cariied Mahomet AbdicI Cader, governor of Dabalac, over to his government. I Mr. Hruce failed from tlds harbour |uly 8tb, on board the fame veHel as before, and lullercd the 8 D Rais 1 1 f! ^ I . 'if'i ]' r { . r \ • 1'^ 1 ■, M ill llii' *•' !:d % ^'i :.lf S*t!j ,', iS:.'l ri'. m 6jS NKW COLLKCIION ok VOYAGF.S and TRAVELS. )f 'k'i"'i 1 1, ; '^^'v,.,.^l»»,^kJ,i| Rais lo l.ikf a I'm. ill lo.idiim lor liis own iircomit, upon coii(iiti(>ii rfiHi In- was to r.iity iie. Every part o( the I'aiidv ilclert at the foot <>( ilie mountains is callc d lih,ii:ui, which exictuls to Mocha. It is called It—:.! in (cnptiire, and derives its ii.inie from Iii.imi in Arabic, which (i^nilies the Icacoall. 'I here is little water here, a.s .1 never r.iins; there is alio no animal bin the ga'.cl or antelope, ,iml Inii a few of them. I'lier<- are lew birds, and tholV which may be found arc i;eiur.dlv (ileiit. Karlv on the i8tl), they dilcovrred the nnnintaiiis, under wlitcii lies tlie town of l.oheia. I'hc bav w.is fo (hallow, and the tide beiiii; at ebb, thev eonlrl n'-t no nearer th.in within about live miles of the (hon-. l.olieia is built upon the l.iutli well (ide of a peniiihila, furroundcd every wl'.ric, but on the call, bv the Ic.i. In the middle of this luck then' is a linall mouni.nn wliicli lervcs (or a (onrcls, and there are towers with cannon, wliu h reach .icrols on e.ii h lide of the lull lo the (horc. Beyond this is a plain, wheie the .Arabs intending 10 aitat k the town, q<:nerally allefnl)le. .At I.ohei.i they had a very ilnealy dnlatioii, a kind of pricklin>; came into their h i;s, w!iu h were bare, oc- calioned by the lalt cllluvia, or llcams, (rom the earth, which all about the town, and further lo the foutb, is llion.;ly imprri;na!rd wiih that mi- neral, fifh, and butchers meal, and indii-d all Ions of provilion, aie plentilul and icalonaMe at (.oheia, but the water is bad. It is louiul in the (and at the foot of the mountains, down the (ides of which it has fallen in the time ol the rain, and is broii;;ht to the (own in ((sins upon camels. 'I'herc is alio plenty of fruit brought fiom the mount. lins bv the licdowe, who live 111 the (kirt.s of the town, and (upplv it with milk, (ire-wood, and fiiiil, cl.ielly !>aiianas and grapes. The ).;overnuuiit of the Imam is niuch more gentle than any Mooridi government in .Arabia or .Adica; the people too arc of gentler manners, the men, (rom firlvagcs, being accuKomcd to trade. The women at I obcia arc as (olicitous to picafe as tliofe o( the moll polilhcd nations in liiiropc; and, tb(ni;^h very retired, whether inaiiiedor uiiin.ii ricd, they are not le(s care- ful oi their drels and perlous. At boiii'- thev wear iKitliing but .1 long (hill o( line coitoncloih, (iiitable to their ([uality. 'I'liey dye their feet and hands wiih henna, imt only (or uriiaincnt, but as ?!; allrinsjent, to keep ihein dry from (weal; ilicy wear their own hair, which ii plaited, -nil ialls in loni; tails behind. They left I.oheia on the '.^7111, in the evening, but were obliged 10 tow the boat oui. .About i-leven they liiled with a wind at iioiih-eall, .ind padi'd a 1 liiller of illands on their left. .Alier palling loiiie dangerous ilioals, oiiihcjoih, at f»-vi II o clock in the morning, il with a gentle but Heady wind at well, tliey |,ii|^|j , the mouth of ihc Indian Ocean. '" Tliey coiiiiniied their courl'c wilhiii a inilc of ,1, (hiue, where in ((Uiic places there appeared to i. fiiiall woods, in oihers .1 (hit bare country, himndj with inoiintain.s a conlideruble diltance. I he w, ,j (i<(hcncd a.s they advanced. About four in i|,t. ,c irrnoon thev law the mountain which lornis onp' r the Capes of the Straits of iiubclmandeb, in n,,", rclenibling a gunner's (jiioin. Oiithe^iil, at nine in the morning, thev cam. > an anchor alove [ibbel Kab.in, or I'llois-lljaiuj ■ |.' under the C.ipe, which, |f" c.illcd Mrbim. 'I lie intnoll and northern tli,iii|.,| that towards the .Arabian (bore, is two le.igm^i ' , at mod, and (rom twelve to leventecn fathom of^m. The other entry is three leagues broad, wiih df naicr, from twenty to thiiiv (.ilhom. from ihi, ii, colli on both (ides runs nearly in a iionh will (],',- lion, wiilening as 11 advances, and the Iniii.ni (j^. ijrows llrailer. The co.dl upon the lift h.n.d j, o( the kinudoni of Adel, and, oil the riclii ihJ 1 .\rabia rcli.x. Karly on the ad, they fiw land a-hrad, whiih iVv took to be the main; but, upon nearer approach jnii the (lav becoming clearer, they (oiind two Imvii'jn,], to the leeward; one r)f whuh thev leu hod vnihoreii diliiciiliy. 1 hey (ound tlu le ihe (lock (i( an (ji,i acaciairce, and two or three bundles of wreck or rotten (Ink'., winch ihev g.iihetcd with great care and all o( them agierd, th.ii thev wniild eat hrcak^ai'' dinnei, and liipper Imi, inllead ot the colil renjll they b.id made in the Str.iiis. I hev now nude (c\rtil l.irge (;res; one took iherbargc of the rolfcr, anotlir boiled the rice; they killed lour turtles, made rcjd> a dolphin; got beer, wine, and brandy, and drank the king's liciltb in ciriiell. which liuir rreimtn would not allow ti.em lo do in the Straits >i| Habc!. mandeb. While this go.'d cheer was prepjiint \(, IJrucc law wuh his gl.ils, tirll, one man running llonj the coall wellward, who did not Hop; about a uiiancr (d an houi alter, aiir>i|ier iipmi a camel, waUnm a( theotdinary pace, who dilniounti d jul) oppoliic 10 them, and, as he thought, kneeled down to l.iv li. prayers up.u) the land. Ihcy had laiinrl.od tl.eir boat immediately upon feeing the iruni, ol the tree on the idaiid; (o iliev were leadv, and Mr. llruif ordered two of the men to row him on Ihnre, whi.li thev dill. It IS a b ly of but ordinary .!rr;h, m ih llraggliiig trees, and lome ll.it ground .donniliccoalt. Iniinedialciv tjeliiiid is a row r .Miliiab. The harbour of I.oheia, whii h is by iniirh the larged in the Red Si.i, is now l<> IImIIow. and choked up, that, uiilcis by a n.irrow canal thiou^h which you enter and go mil, there I -lO where three (.iilujin ol water, and in many places not half that depih. 'I'his is the ca(e with all the harbours on the cail-coall ot the Red .Sc.i, while thole on the wed arc deep, with- out anv banks or bars In (ore them. Ill the evening ol the 1 itb.thtv (truck upon a rcof of coi.il Kxks; the Arabs were (or taking iinmdi- atcly to the boat, till Mr. lUucc exerted his authority, and ^' morning iWy ,,^ ^•"V ".'•.»'''".-l(la„d.„ BRUCK's TRAVKI,S to nisr ovir tme SOURCE of the NILK. 6j9 I odlinnl iill liquids to work, and (jci ilie vi'tl'cl olF I j!c ilW'i^ I'.iliii. Tlic boiil W.1S immi'iii.iK'Iy I.iuik lird, ,ii orf ''' '^'''' ''r""'.* Iirvanis, ilu- KaJN, and two , j,,r« wi re (mt on board. 'I'luy were loon upon i, ■ liJiiK, wliirc llu" Iwol.iilors got out, wlio cut tluir I I it li'll I'l"*" •'"-' while coral, but afterwards gni ,. ^i-r I'lioiini;. Tliey aiteniptcd lopiifli ihc lliip back- ,,|« hut file* voidd not move. I'olei and batul- iivkc'S ^'^f'-' "''^''' '" ""Ic ••' "if '»"'"• ^"" thi'Ce were ' I loin! ('n'ui(;b. I'l a word, there was no apjicar- fc (il ^eliinj; lier oil before niorninj;, when llu y ! ^.^,. (lie wind would rile, and it was to be feared Ihe oiilil d:i n be dallied to pieces. Ollu r ell'oris were ihcii iili-"'li 'ind a i;rcat cr) was let up, that Ihe ln"_;an ,, rnovr. A lutle after, a ^;cntle wind jull in. id- it- ill fill ff'"" ''"■ '•'"■ •""' ''"■ 'fy '"'"> 'he Rais w IS, ,iil„i|l the ion fail and put it a liaek." This beiii^ rinu'ilialely dotic, and a pintle bu ezc lillini; the fore- f 1 at liie lime, ihey all piifhed, and the vellel fliil -ii;!v oil, free from il.e Ihoal. Mr. l""" fears a pi. ink n-.i^hl have been Itart- ,1. Ivit ihev l.iw the advanlane of a vrllel bein.; I ,.il, raiher tluin nailed li')nellicr, as Ihe i.ol only jsiiiihiirt, but made very liille water. \i live 111 llic alteriioon. on tl;e ijih of September, ihey came lo an anchor in the hariiour of Maluab, hiving been levcntecn days on their pafla^e, iiulu- ding the day they lird went on boaid, though ihi$ voyage, with a favourable wind, is generally inade in three days ; it often ba.s, indeed, been failed in lels. Yet this mull not be wholly attributed to the weather, as they fpent much time in furvcying ihc ill.inds. Maluah, or the harbour of the Shcphcrd..rn ii Ad' ;;•.; — I lis Kici'lioii llvn- — lit- vijiti frvfral FLirff, IWrnomt, ir'r. — Joinnry from S/n'' tt /lddrrge\ — Traii/allkv.s tbnr — Jouiiuy ever Liiwaln-it lo C-^jjr — RcrrptK^ii itni- — Tbr fiinj^'s Irmmpluil Entry — Urucj 's fir/l Audience — M.:iii:irs .mJ C:ij!(ms of the Ahyf- r.-;^,,i—Pi/:rif>lion of a Bloody lUvmuct — Rtli'^im ojtbe Country, isc. iSe. I I n^nOl'C'll Mr- Rriirc, on bis arrival at M.ifuah, 1. « IS \( rv lircd of the lea, and deliroiis to hind, \rt a« it was evcniir.;, he thouglit it .idvil.ible lo (iripi'ii hoard that night, that he might have a wliolif I'lV as the hrll is alwa\ s a btily one hefnu- him, and i.-fcivc 111 the night iny inielligence lioin Iricnds, who mi'lit iii't choole to venture to come ojieniy to fee l;i:i .ind liis company in the day, at lealt before the (ii-iciinination of the Na\be, the governor of ihat pl,icc, had been heard concerning ihem. .\ |".'rrii!i came from Mihomet (iiiiherii, on the ';lIi, io coiuluil Mr. liriue on Ihore. The Xa)be '•i:;-.Llf was (till ai '.rkceko, and Aihmel, his couliil i!kI furcilior, there o had come down lo leceivc the (l;inr« ol ihe mercha.idile on board the vellel which :'r(>ii"iit .Mr. IJuice. 'lliere were twM elbow chairs I'lccd ill the middle of the market place, .'\chniet \i: on one of them, while the Uvcral officers . ni-iic;l the bales and packages before bun; tl-.e other . iir on I'.is li It hand was cinpiy. 1 le w as drrdVd all n v'.ue, ill a long ISaniaii habit of nuidiii, am, a clole- I- 1 lull Imck reaching to his ancles, much like the w^!tc^r(u■k ami petticoat tlie young liuldren wear in ; iy.;!aii(l. 'I his Ipeeies of drels did not, in any way, i' I .Acliinct's lliaiie or (i/.e; but, it leeiiis, he meant , ' :ie ill gala. A.s foon as .\lr. Bruce came in (ighl ol . nil, lie doubled his pare: Mahomet ' libberti's fcr- \.:v.i wliilpcrcd Mr. Hrncc not to kils liis hand, i.liui! indeed he iiilended to have done. Achmet I; I ui lip, jiill as he arrived within arms length of ■■ill; wiien they touched each other's hands, earned I'tir liiigirs lollieir lips, then laid their hands aerols 1 ;iir iiicalls: .\lr. IJrucc pronoutui d llie lahilalioii ol ihe inleiior S,i!,im Aluuin ! Peace be between us; 10 \ihirh he anlwered immediately, .lluiim Siil.nn! There i< peace between us. He pointed lo the chair, • iiich .Mr. Uruce declined; but he obliged bim to lit duwu. 'Ihe greater honour that is (hewn on a firH meeting, in tliele countries, the more toihder.ible jirefent is expelled. He made a lign lo hi ing coH'ee directly, as tlie iinmeiliaie oHering of meat or drink is an af- lui.ince of amilv and frienddiip. .Mr. Hrucc now preldited ihe leiuis of ihe fjierifle of .Mecca, and one from .\Ielical .-Nga, which hitter .\chinet kept, aj it was to hiinlell, but returned the olher.s, as Mr. HriK e, he laid, Ihould give them himfelf to the Naybe the lieM day. Having drank ilieir coffee, .Mr. Hrucc rofe to take bis leave, and was foon wet to the Ikin by a gtcat quaiuiiy of oiange llower water, .\hich two Htiend- aiiis Ihowered upon hiin from filvcr bottle.', from the right and lell. Our traveller was provided with a very commodi- ous hoiil'e, which he bad no Iboncr entered, than a large dinner >sas lent lo him and liis friend.s, bv .Achmet, with a great quantity of lemons and nice Irefli water. Some liiori lime after, their baggage wa.s lent unopened, which gave Mr. Uruce no i'malj ])lealure. A female flave came on the lotli of September, wiili llie proper credentials, viz. an Indian liandker- chiet full of dry dates, and a pot or bottle of iiiivar- nillied potter s earth, which keeps the water very cool and agreeable. llie Naybe came from .Arkeeko in the morning of the 21 fl. He was poorly attended hv three -:;• lour lervants, miferably niouiited, and about forty naked lavages on foot, armed with (hori lances and crooked knives. The drum beat before bim all the way from ,'\rkeeko to Maluah. I'pon entering ihc boat, the drum on the landlide cealed, and tliofe, in what is called the Caflle of ^tafuab, began. The cadle is a fmall clay hut, and in it one I'wivel gun, which is not mounted, but lies upon the ground, and is fired always with great trepidation and lomc danger. The drums -.''pn^-T. 660 NEW COLLECTION or VOYAGES and TRAVELS. drums arc cartlicn jars rucli as tlicy rend butter into Arabia; tbc iiiouihs of wliirli arc covered with a Ikin, fi) that a llran^, r, 011 Ictirig two or three i)f thcfc together, wcuM run a >;reat 'ilk of beiieviiij; them to be jars ol buiier, or picklc.i, tarcTully to- vered wiih oiled paicliinciit. All tlie profelTion was in the fame nylc. The N'aybe was drL-fTitl in an old fliabby I'urkiih habii, much 100 (liort Cor him, and i'eenied to h.ivc bun in.ide about llie time of Sultan Scliin. lie wore alio uju)n his head a Turkilh cowke, or hitjli cap, which fcarcely admiiicd atiy part of his liead In this drel's, which on him had a truly ridi- culous appeaiancc, I.e renived llic caftan, or iiivclli- turc, of the illand of Mafuah; and binig tliercby reprelcnt.iliv e ol ll-.e grand li.ii;ni()r, conlcnled liiat d.iv, in honour of the cuamiillion, to be called Omar Aga. Mr. Hruce went In the afternoon to pay his refpccls lo the X.iybe, and lo;inJ him (illiii); on a lar^e wooden elliow-ch.iir, at tlie head of two files ol naked lavages, who made an avenue fiom his chair to the door, lie li.id noihiuf; uptni him but a coarfe col- ton /liitt, fo dirty, that it Itemed all pains to clean it again woidd be thrown awa\', and fo fliort that it fc.ircely reMcheil his l.nees. lie was very tall .uid lean, his colour I. lack, had a lar^e u.outh and nole; in placi- of .1 bjatd, a very fcanl\ tufi of grey luirs upon the point of his chin; lutg^, dull, and heavy eyes; a kitid (d malicious, ciMiicmpiuous (uide on bis countenance ; he was aliofjcther of a mod llupid, and brutal .liiprar.inee. His chai.irler peifeilly cm- refponded wiiii his figure, for he was a man ol mean abiliiK'*, cruel lo l■xcel^, avaricious, und u great diuiikjid. Mr. Ilruce prcfentcd his firman, which the \a\ he puilicd b.iLk and dedted him to read. Mr. liiuie told him It was rurkidi; th.it he had never le.niKil to read a word of that langujge. — " \or I nciiliei, ' lass he; "and I believe I never fli.ill." .Mr. llrui c then gave him the other kllcrs In- h.td lirouglit wi;!i bim. lie took llu in allogelhcr in both his hatid<, and l.iid them unoptiKd bilide h n, Idxiii;;, " ^lui {hould have brcnight a iiioullali a!i>ng with vou. Do you tliink I Hull read all tl.cfv- Liteis.' Why, it would take me a month." He tlaii i^azcd upon our traveller, with his mouth open, lo hi,.? .111 idiot, thai it was with the utnioll ddruulty .Mr. liitiio kept ii:s gravity. I'hi-. liioil 1. onvciLition wjs Iu>.i:cedc4l wun a long filence ; at lull .Mr. iJiiicc look the 1 p- poiiunii) to give him !ii.> pic.'cnt, wi.ji which he below- hiin to tell him fo j he then took his leave of ilic N- liini in a .1 , geon, without li^lit, air, or meat, tdl the b came through lii> Ikiii for want. ' October the jytli, the .\a\be came as^ain fr ,, .Arkeeko to .M.ifu.iii, and Mr. Bruce whs told i very ill humour with bmi. He lijcni received a , .1" f.ige to attend him, and found him in a Kirjic ,^\'.\ room like a birn, wiih ahcnil li\iy pei>ple wiili ; ,, This was his disaii, or gr.iiid c iii.icil, with a,| 1 jani/arles and ollicers ol ll.iie, all n.iked, aniiiKi • III pailianient. There w.is a comet th.it h.ul aiiiu. cil a few day.s after llieir ariis.il it NUilu,!), ^^|,, had been maiiv d.iys vilible in .Arabia I'elix h'; ' then in its perihelion; and, after p.tiring its cimimh. tion with the fun, 11 now appeared at .M.ifii.iji t^\'. in the evening, receding lo it;: apbelKui. .Mr. Urn had been oblerved watchirg it wiili grf.it aiirtin and the large tiiics of the tclclto:>cs hnd given oil,', ,! 10 ignor.iiit p;.'ople. 1 he fnlf cinedii.n il„. v alked him w. " " it appe.ired ' a.;ain laid, " I he .,... The full tpiedii.ii the \„(, , alked him was, " Wb.it ih.it comet iiiciiii, anil m' ! d '" .\nd before he ci.iild anfwcr l.ini 1 , a^.nn laio, " I he lull fine it w \s vifilile 11 hriju>'''i the linall pox, which li.i. killed above rxva pt,,?i In Miiflliih iHifl Arl. It is known you convcrf 1 with it every iii^lit it I.'i.ei.i; it l..ts now loi!u;,j,i you ag.iin 10 linilii the few that reniain, and then vuu are to cany it into .Mfxlliiiu. What have \ou to,] Willi ihe comet :' ' IKiore .Mr. Bruce h.i.I lime to fpr.ik, his brother Kmir .\chinet. then la!d, " lint lie was inrurmu)' ■""• traveller was ,111 engineer goin;; ti Miili,ul «,'. ^ if Tigie, 10 te.uii the .M>\ fliiiiar.s to riuia our vein ir o rjiinon ,ind giinpiiwiler ; Ch.il the hill ati.uk vm ;i, be .ig.iinll MaliiaH." I iveor fix others l|Kilie iiiu>^ , III the f.iine llraiii; ai.d the Na\hc coiiiluiivd j,, laMii.^, That he would lend .Mr. i'.rure in chdinsi) Conllatiliiiople, unlef-. he went to llainazen, with his tirothcr Knur Aebmii, 10 the hot-wtlls ilicrc and that this was the reloliitio.i of ail llie jdnuanci' lor he had ccuice di d his hung a phvhcian. .Alter iniKh .iltercaiion between .Mr. iJiucc .nn.l the N'a\be, I'le lornur turned his hack, auj Mr. Biuce Went away exceedingly didurbed, us it w^i pi. nil his alf.iirs were coning to a cribs for good or tor csil. He obli.rved, or thought lie oblcrM-J all the peo]ile (huniied hiiii. He wa.«, iiidctd, iij„,!i' his giiaid, and did not wifb them to come near iiiiii; but. ttiining down into his own gateway, a injn palled dole by him, la>ing dill.ntlly m hn car, though in a low voii r, iiilt 111 Tigre and tlitn m .Arabic, " Be not afiaid.' 1 hi» bun, lliott a:, 11 \ij., gave hiiu no b:',.dl coui.ige. In the niorning of the bill of November wlnlc 1 breaktad .Mr. Bruce wa.s told, that three fcrvjii; riiuikiuii .111. ijiiiLc »a., iiiiu, ii:ai iiiiee icrvdi.; lad arrived fioiii '. igrej one from Janni, a yom , nan and Have, who Ipokc and wrote (iicek ptrlcCi:. , )l/*flllll.rlt.'ll(r.rl-.flL ........ I>..' ill. 1 I'. ....'. .», .. ..v^ .|....««. niiu «* I iy>.- « liven |;li ICCL. the other two fervai.i.s were Has Michaels or laii ilic king's, both weoiing the red Ihuri ckiak hii and turned up wiib tnaz.iriiic-bkii', which 1., li , badge of I'le king's l.rvaiii, and is called Jl.j Ka. .Mich. id's Intel s to the .N'aybe were very f'l)!; Ill' liilit the .(111 Tf.tt/i' !r:iiiiii>v\ li.'iliti i.'..^ 1. . lilr,! 1! ;• .... (aid the king H.u/c llanne.s.s lie.ilih was b.. and wondered ,11 hearing that the phylician, kiitt;. him by Mciicdl Aga from Arabia, was nut li)r\w;iil^a to him inllanily at Goiid.ir, as he had hcaid of hi* being ai rived at Maluab lomc time before. He 0; dered liie .\.i)be, uiureovfr, to fuiiii.'l) liini \\u'' iiecell.iiies, and dilpalch him without luiilicr di'l.it leeeii.iiies, aiiu oiipaicn niin wiinout luiuicr dci.ii. The illaiid ol .\i.ilua!i is very unwholeloiiie, 2-, in- leed, IS ihe wliole coiil! of the Rrd Sea from Sili/. J Babelin.indeb, but more elpeeially between ihv tropics. \'iolent levers, calletl there luuit.i, \ivA- the principal llguru in this iatal lilt, and gciicran;. teriliinate the li.iid day in deatii. Tlv: n-:\{ cuin- ir.nf) sW^wi;^-; Hi liRUCK's 'iR.WI-.LS TO bis, ovi i< rni SOURCK ok iiir. MM'.. Gin 11 h.n now i^ii,,^^^ Jilcjli" '" ''"■ '"^ (•"iiiitry 1)1 Aral>i:i, llic inltr- ° :.,tc illiiiJ "' M.>lii.il'. aiul all Abvllinia (for tin; 1 ,,(ci ate cvat-llv iimilir iii all this trad) is llic rsin li'Vi-'r, wliicli is in noiliin>; ditfl-Tcni from l'iMti.ii'. atitl is rucccCsrully treated here in the '! , |„iiiiuT a^ ill Kiiropc. As no Ijiccics of this ' lie .!> I'lf »* M""' Hr'if- f'i«"i nu'ii.iiiM tlic patient c'lpi'eially ill till! Iicniiiiiiiin uf the diloi- |i' Mill, 1, loin'' ''""-' "'■•y ''^" i>""'^'^''' '^"f preparation to i. „li(> doidit the ill.M of liic link in this country. ' I lie appreh'-nds ilie lalrll \v:iy is to t^ive Imill , I. I j.'l^' liill interinillion, ri' nrri: i,)in ilif liemnnin^, on tli, even ieinilli"i'i thoni^h this (liould be lomcwliat M lire .iii'l '""'■" ''"• '"'''^' "'•■xt ;'• I hile (wellm;s i^o and come lor ,.: ^ i(>"eiher without pain ; lhoii({h the h^s ofi'-n I iioa iiioiillr Ills li/.e, as in the droply. I'lv next niuUin' ^'''* '''■'"''^ inin:ifin«, as common in tlicle riirie»i 's called Farenteit, a corruption of an U.ibic wtirJ, whirl) (ij^nifies the worm of Pliaraoli. .',. f^lfaordinjry animal only alllicls thole who ari" , J., j„(jnt ii.ihil ()l drinking llai'tiant water, wheilu-r hu water Is drawn out from wells, as iti the kingdom • smiuir. or found hy di);.;in^ in the land where it iiimk'ii' it* ^-"y '" "'* |>'"i"-'f ^e\i:\ ilv; lea, alter f|linaokin!» at thu woim, on its firll ap- pcjMiico, a 'ill''" blark head is extremely vilihlc, ,,;h J hoiiked beak of a whiiilh colour. Its bodv is fcriiuii^ly of * white filky texture, very like a linall irniloii lured and petfetlly cleaned. After its .ip- nfjranre, the natives of ihtle coiintiies, who are uled III! lei/.e It nenily by the head, and wrap it round aihin piece of filk or fmall bird'.s leather. I'.eery Jn, (ir lever, il times a day, thev try to wind it up . , (he (jiiill as fur as it comes readilv; and, upon , iiiullell relillancc, ihcy give o\er for fear oi ,. -Ill:; It. Mr, llruce himfelf experienced this complaint. \iiiiii three inches of the worm weie wound out upon I j|iic'(ii>f raw filk in the lull week, wiihoiil pain or fvir; hut It WM.S broken afterwards, ihioiii;h the caie- ; ijul) and ralhnefs of the lur',^con, when ciiani;in.; a rriliice oil hoard the ftiip in whuh he returned lo irjiice: a violent inflaniuiation followed; tlie lei; i«rlle TR.WKLS. to liriiv: ilolli'crrc, lliat the ll:r. >it.i, Sli 'I'oiii, liiciiinc n.itions who p .Hdk in.u put i> Samh.ir, il'.roii -h wiiu h ih 1 lo l)ii[);irwii, tlic co'iiinnii palMm' trdin Ir M. rcvolh'i!, 1\' Ills ICIM In, ill lo Titii-, N, ^iikI (ioci.u\i Ithc IcIVOS HI' xikIcdi. IIcll Cod tinccnt llv.'V wi i\ not .lin .(iv 111! i..iir iniiriic\ J lor, in- Vihcii (itii- ti;ivchi.'is liioiilu line d h ih .1 •I) iinpiilt. Ai'^iv .IS Mr. 1) 'lid MDI lu'lp 1)111 illll s lit in h.irL- I u" d lii.ii' Li'.i^.Ui.'r, V ICIMIIC", .11 :i 111. .1 iU 111,' .It 111. 11 .1 III1V-. \ (I lo k •' It 1 i\ III' pill on II now llir li' 1 S MOW luu lllOlllll^ 1)11 111 ins I 111 ;!i- U> 11', 1 Mr. lime lllU'C \ lUl ll.lVC Dll'M laioui: ".; X.UUr.l.s di'i ili.u 1 (lo (Ml Illll- ilioi nil ol))ct!;oiis III ;iiv w.iVi cm v >;i w. ^'\c IM'iO I I .^lols ,iii iiii| (il|:i.>'. .' I'hiN I bciore 1 Ih'iii. nu irni, in pi^ioiiri.' ol' \ .iiir in plic AcIlllKI, I |i> >k'. .^.ir.iliar, \»!i ■ 1 ;i',; \v:is in pr.ic tJMt of tills 111-1 II 1 iw.i Si p.i: ;1 ai^lil ii.iiil, wimh 1 1 .n c \ on iMiMcr i;i I. II 1 ,iiici: iii.in -•r:r, ; ' I lie N . wilhmil IriMKi.'^ ; ilii-'ii l.iid, II \. ivmi;, \iMi ,11, ,i> l-'i lo.iu' mm' .. .Ill' WillV ol will do i'i\ diilN' III w.iriiiiiL; iiioir 111. It .lie u ill \ oil ( if ihi \o;ir (l.iii'jj I", lli.it, \\licii tiu- ii; .1 ill]' I'l i\ not In: iiiipuu il lo iiie. No liil.iilH-r ol i;,i,,wil Ml. I'liirc lllill.s IIIIIMll'Ud l)\ \i ( .III I \cr iili.ick US. i>ii our lo.iil, ili.ii w i! ri-r ^ImIio li.ivc iVi- knt oil pill p,iU' Ion told Ifis ih.il •iKiis, tnc.i' Will uiliowi \)\ u ii.tt .iiilli.iiii) im.y I know the ])li'iUV t) !'■ \ic t.miiol Wl' IKIllR-r COIIIUI the l.iiij nor ilii: xv.ili iina- fh.ll not uiti'inpi II. r (idi (oris rv.mlb li.i\o ICIl W'c luvt' ol liii'-.n his, and your nt M iliKili wc ;irc lut ^iinriiit I • liu' lilt" () f til I'm. W c, 11 IS tiui', li; IV iir ll\ (.'s lial l.s 111 the: li.iiui ol ll .Aliiiijli- Ina 111 ill not III lo It.ivc tMouj;ii (111 llii Ipoi, to give I lilrii'iii iiuliciiii.m to ilie kiin; .iii.l K,i sliciiael, \slu) it svas llial wen- our a ll.ilii U r\uc llii.li role very .it)iU|iii> l" n<» away. Ml ""'iiintcilatitc (/ ihc Na\bc 11. iw •iicnt. M IIM till II lie b>iiU out mill a loili ;i.'.t ill a II i ill latiglilcr, \shicii larpnled our tiavolci lull as niiicli us Ills, loine (.iiic before, had d one iiini h .■aliir' d lis lUMt licroiis rouiiteiiaiicc was aluici d folu i.ilo ciiiiiplaceiK ; ,iiul lie, for llic firll time, I-. lie the appeal aiue vd in in. He tlieii loti- (elfed, t'n.il the wli not a fraid ; llie ro ids ar yoll a peilon lo conduct K". ■ (ale eiioll>;h. I w,ll ji've \oii, thai will carry voii ip fafetv, even 11 there w.is ilaii^e lT; only (JO an pare fuel) rcincdu": as may he proper for the Kinir, and leave them with my neph'w Achinct, while I ilh •>■ letlers This Mr. llnice willingly lo Icnted lo do, and on his retii.'^ii found e\eiy iliiiii. re.idv for iheir deparinu'. .Mr. Iliiiee ami his parlv Icll Arkeeko on the i.^ili l.ikiiii; r<-id loii.Iiwird, ..loii'^ llie |il,iiii, wliuli is iioi here almve a in li' bro.id, and covered with (hoit i;rafs, iioihini; dilfereiit (roin ours, onU ih.il the liladc is iiro.ider. Alter an hoiir'j jouiiiey Mr. UiiiCi. pitciied his tent .it I.ahcrhcv, near u iiit of rain-wat cr. Ihc tnoiiiiiains of Ahvlfnn.t have a fiii'.jidar alpctt from ihis, a' ih,'\' appe.ir in iliiie rii|;is. 'liieliill IS of no loiilidialile lu i',!ii. Inn full 111 qiillie^ and l)ro!>eii (;i, iin.l, iliinly ciiveud \v;;h lint more riitj tlic hUlu r am 1 lie and hare; ihc tliiid is a row id lliaip iiieveii-tilf;eLl iiioiintaiiis, winch wo nid b e coil III! lii^h ill any coniiirv in Kiiriipe. Far al.ovc the top «if all, lowerii tli.it llupciidoua inals, ilie iiioiintaiii id rar,.iiia, piob.ihly one ol the hi;;liell id iho woild, tiie poliil 111 wlih'h Is hulled m ll.e clouds, and very ruie ly h L'll but III llic kleau'lt wcatiicit ai utiur had w.is ovi r' or- li-', hi, in" iii> d red his l.eretarie.. ill Hop WTiliii.;; a bis eves, iieiaii, wiiii '.^real Keniiii.i devoiion, lo ilumk ie.ii ■s ah.uidoned lo perpe'Ml mill .mil d.iikiicf> ii'^litninc, lluniucr, aiul .die li I! 'r Iroiii llie .V.iyhe arnsed in i! inu; .11 ilieir lent at i.id)eihe\, .iiid eairie ic ev.' Sail It w.is not III le ne,\t day ih,. i. appe.tred a.^aiii, and with him .Achmet, the .\ .'pnev went iii'i) the tent, c.illed f vhile driiiuiiin ii, told Mr Unite li 1). I'll it is the i.c T Cli leiiiij preleriilile to the eiii '11. lie ll il road, the fj., ilers lo S.dnoine, an., lo ik his leave of tl 1 Itev left L;d)eilie\ on the tuth, in tlv alter eoiiiimiiii'.; iiji.ril .in lioir aioiu' i leii nave !, ,, ■iravcli.. ;i,iis ended, tli oil. id ijecDiiiiiij H rave I id tin \ iheii ciilercd i ac.ieia-trees o| coii'i..ir.i hk 111'.) a \,- Karly i !e of' a ll, lliev lelt Ir.eii (1 hill .It llamh Jiion on tor f I t ir load l.i\ l!ir()Ui;Ii a pl.nn io tlncls l''i ■ trees that lluii- lU bloo Iv v.iili llie llroke' d 1.1 "me i:;i,e | 'I'lacicij. Inrii a- I )i-ny ni:iiKh('.- lialf pall I, veil, il •' ■ " ; llie mouth of I V. lliev, iliroii ;h v ,■,, !i .i llu'.un ot water Ivvil'ilv over .1 h' d of pebbles. Ii was lae lirll a iiirri rjii V I atcr ihe\ hid feeii (incc tiiev kit .S ilieni iiiilpe.iK.i '1 he iie.vl ill .1: ii!r \ 1 la, anj continued ihiir pnirtirv, |l',. Ill wiiuliii)» li'.iv.een niouii' I mine III I imu 1)1 a rivei , 1..11 on V lide a"d lycaiiiore trees of a i.l lui Willi At ll. i^ht o'eliKk, they encamped at a place railed 1 1 lerc lie iiu)uii'aili.s are veiv Ik al)lll|;ll\ llllo I .11 kils .h I hi anil preiipr. ..t:d I, tu! II iiikcn \ci, l>o w.n 1;,, i.ioii iIk-v iijil ll s wi re thick, full ol leaves, and jjave tli trei il.iiiei" 1)1 vei \ il.il i\ (liade cm dbu On the licih, ihey hei;.iii Id alVend ilv hi eniiiicncc«, w!:tli lerve ax the root* or Iknij III I .' ureal iiioiint.iiii laiania. Iho road was on cjn (i,lc bordered with iiahca, or juiirp irres of l)caut\', and fvcainores perfcdlv deprived (,f i b verdure am where depiivc cd mcnt.s of rnckn, m liiol'ened by l!ie water, li.id been liiinbkd (iouii i their wa\-. It was with j;ieat dillieiiliy tlicv cu creep ii(), each man cairviii).; his knaplack and ,ii 'The ipiidiaiit lia I bitluiio been caiiied )ur to K lievc each other: but the ly (u ii'iidv to Kivc up the iiiuk-rtakiiii; upon trial ilu' 111 It lew hundred yirds. At hill, Mr. lUii .1, d ,1 llt.iiiner .Moor who ii.id followed them, i, in n the he.id id It lor about .JGO yards over tli- im dilliciill a: III Ik .•pelt I part ol the numiiMiii, uhu bel .!< I'u' lirll ,;^,| "iicd their jniirnrv, ,1... ni'Ulff! l-:'< , . ', '"' ''^ii (u!.- wiir;,!' ""'' '"^•- .'\t li,,|| p.,1 at aplacf-rnllid I i,;:,v rv llfd), ji!(! Ini.kciMc-' <-ii'''-rs. -I „i,i,„ ^„ ■;. ion iIk'v iijii (if,,. ,,. Kc-Sand «avc il.an j'bui,' i'> alVciul ll," |,i|',_ „f H' roou or ||>:ri,(,f i . i Uv road was on rj, '\ "r juiirp trcs of nr,„t Icdiy deprived ..f ihi r i«- coumry lure isnrrv If It would ci.jov Iron, loiMavfx.lil.,. lij, ^ij 'H'ii(c(i.,tks(.r,i,ii,k,|,,,, t^iiid iliji wiiliiij^ii I,,, J I'l lllflc !c(VMfd 10 il);i. "lis. In the jficrnoMi, .iiiuaiii, thnm.^li a iiiuit ».tn dflcrve the njni., ni-c|inc(s, hut from ih; Ic by ihc iDIICIlh, j:':| K-nis of rock*, ulmi, •I'cii tinilhkd diiuii i::;,) ■»l dillii-iilly ilin coul.l 1 Ills kii.i|ilack and ,irni', hi'iM) caiiK-d hy ci;;:; •IthlT; but their vurc •riakiii(» upon irial ul • At lall, Mr. I'.niu- 1 followed them, (ariirl yard.s over tie iiin; i ilie iii()!iii(,i!ii, whuii s iiiipraclifjhie iiy .ill, ', M'l-omiiiciidid 111 Mr !<>n whom he h.idiiilci- oiii turn of niiiiij, linn icvi'rinorcdillin);iiillMl tlic lioiir of liiiMiii. ;:t kahle (or (]uiniicii ami t his Koran. s ill the cxcrrons ihfv pollihlc ti) pitch then 01 e;irtli tniHi;;h Knir- i) hold (.lit a iLiil I'ii.; of ra.cj near il'i'in, wh.i( h had krvcd hir * ; and in thele iIkv -iii'jiil place uf rc|iijli, tailv BRUCE's TRAVrlLS to dis dvii! ti:i. .SOURCE of Tin: NILE G6] [.•jrK on the 2ill, Mr. linici", iiaviiiii eneoiir,i.;i-r| |,, ciinip.iny with ^nod words, iMcrcalo of \v':i.;on, .,, ll hi>pfs of rcw.ird, tluy be^aii to tiiccr.nner liii: iiihir li.'l' "' ''■'-' nioiint.iiii. His bn^^^a^^c inuvcd much nioro bnlkly than the pret.cJl1.f5 day. '1 he iipntr p»" of tlic mountain \v,i-, indeed, Itceper, ,„„io crau'.^V, ru^i^ed, and ilipp.iv, than ihc lov.ei, T,d impeded more with trees, but not cnibarrailed 1,1 much witli lari^^c Hones and lu'les. 'I'heir knees I liaiids however, were eilt to pieces by IVeipieiu r,!l< and ilieir fates lorn by the nuiliimdc of thorny |"jllies. '^t '''"> ''"'V t,aiiie that p of I'.ir.iiu.i, beiii.; iiiiiy tth.it reinaiiis ol the rain in the hollows of llie ,,,;,i;«, and ii\ pus prepared for it. liiini^ ver\' tired, |i I'V iiilched their tent on the top of the nioiiiitain. ill- in;iii v*'!>s icmarkaUly cold, at le.ill appeared |iiolln-iii. wliole pores were opined by tli-.- cxcel- li,c pcal ;ly, aiul hi roiitiiUi''(l till an hour alter fiin-fel, lhoin;h il,c (!»y was perfectly clear, ,Tnd tlie linallcll liars v.rr percept ihle. Our traveller k'lled a lart;e c;e,^le here, about (i.\ fiCt ten inches from winn to win;;. It leemed very ii'.nc till Ibot. I'he ball liaviii..; wounded it but Ili'hiU', when on the ground it could not be pre- vented from attackiiij; the iiuii or be.ills near it with nrcat force and liertenels, lo that .Mr. Ijruce was uilinfd to Ha' ■' wiih a bayoiu t. It was of a dirty vi-iicioiilv the head and upper part of its win(;s were of a hulii brown. Oil the ii>\ in liie moriiini; they left their llation (111 the lop of Taraiil,!, and loon a!icr be^aii to de- kciiil I'll the fl'lc of I i^ie tliroilf;li a bioken and iin- fieii road. Aller this they bei;in lo mount a liii.iU hill, bniu which they b.iil adillinil view ilh ciiw.t or bullocks. Thev make no lie of their Hraw; loiiu limes they burn 11, and loin •tunes leave ii on ihe Ipot to rot. 'l\\v\ laine to l)i\aii at h,df an hour affr four in ihe alu'iiiooi). Ilalai was the lull vill.i^e, lo is ihis ihe lirll town in .Abylliiiia, on the lidc of .I'^raiiM. |)ix;iii is huilt oil ihc top of a hill, peifettly in the firm of a liiijar l.iafi a deep valley lurroiiiuU it every uhere like a tieneh, and u 10, id winds Ipirally up the lull till It eiiiU auion;; the houles. Mr. Hiiiee'.s ba^'ine h,id p.illed the trench, ,ind h,id reached t!',c low town tliroii;;li which SaKuiine had c piidiultd liiin, under pretence of ^i itliii; a Ipenlv ihckerfrun) the heat: but he <>\cracted his p.iri ; and |aniii, his reivaiit, who (poke ("ircek, Kivinn Mr. ih lice a hint to ^o no fiiither, he turned (hoi Howards iheliaufe, and lat down with his firelock upon a Hone ,ii the door. Their bai^naj^e cpiickly lolloweil, and iiil was put lai'o in a kind ol couii encloled with a liillicieiit llone-wall. .Soon alter Il.ijji Abdclcader, Achmet's friend, caiiieto thei'i, invitiiij; Mr. ISrtice civillv to his houle, and dcilariiifi to him the fiieiully orders he kad le- iiivedlroin Achmrt concerniiii^ him j blinking aloii); Willi hiin alio a ^oat, I'onie butter, and honey. Mr. IJruce excuCed iiiml'elf fiom leaviii', |,iiiiii'.s friend, the Chrillian, where he li.id lirll ali;^;iuedi but he le- cuiumciidcd Yafiiic ty hitii, for lie iiad begun to llicw '.;reat attachment to Mr. Hrucc. In aliout a cju irter of di\ liour came Saloomc with about twenty men, and demanded our travellers, in the name of the N'avlie, as liis (hangers: he laid they owed biin monev for coiuliitliiif; them, and likewile for the cuf- tom-l'.oiife dues. In a moment ne.ir an l.iiiidrcd men were allenshled round Uagi .Abdelcader, all with (hields .ind l.iiiccs, ,Tiid Mr. IJruce cxpttled to fee a fray of the mod !■ rioiis kind. Jhit Abi'elcader, with d Iwiteb in his hand, went f;ravc!y up tian i oiilills ol Moors ai;d ( hrif- ti.iiis, and is very well peopled; \c' the only trade of (iilier of ihele Ictis is a very extiaordiiiary one, that of felling children. The Chrilliaius hriiiL; Inch as they have (lolen in Abyirinia to I3i\an as a lure de- pofit; and the .Moors rece've tl em tier--, and carry ill; 111 to a ceitain m,uket at Maluali, whei:ce they are lent over to .Ar^.liia or India. The vilells of the pioviKce of 1 i'-;ie, cljiecially thole 11c, .r the rock l1,';iio, are openly coneei lied in this iulamoiis pr,u - tice; and lome ol ilufe have been lieenfed In' Micliad 10 t.irry it on as a lair trade, upon p.i\ in.; io many lireliicks lor each dozen or (core ol (hues. Mr. Hriice and hi.s party left Di.saii on the 25th of .Voveniber, ilelcendiiii; the very deep hill on which the town is (ituatcd. li,i!;i .Vbdeleadrr had attended them thus fsr behirc he left thcin, and the noted Sa- lo'Mt'.e came likewile, to lee i( lome oce.dion would oiler of do lit; them further niilchief; but the king's lervaiits, now upon th.eir own grouiirl, bei;an lo t,ike upon them a proper coiii^tpieiiee. One ol iheni went to meet Saloome al the bank of the river; and, iiiakiiu; a mark on the jirmind with his knife, declared that Ins patience wa, (|ui',e e.xhaiilK'd h\ what he had been vcitnels to at Nlcluah and Dixati; and if now '..iliiome, or any olliev man belon ;iiii; to the Xavhe, ollercd to pal.< that mark, he would hind him hand ind loot, and carry him to a pi, ice, where he llioulil be h f t tied to .1 tree, a preylo the lion and luiena. 1 hey ,iil ittiniKiJ, and there our traveller's perlceuiion (lom the \a) he ended. Hut it was very evnlcKi, from .•\ehiiu't'.s behaviour anil diltoiale, had they i;one by Dobarwa, which was the road propoled l>y the Xaybc, their liilferiiii;s would not have been as yet hall liiiilhed, mill Is they bad ended with their lives. '1 he\' re- maineil, (hiring the night, under a tree (even feel and a hall in diametei. l''.,ulv on the '.idtli, they left their moll pleafant quar- ters under (be tree, and let forward with great alacrity. .\hout a (piarler of a mile (rom the river they ciolied the end ol ibe pl.iiii /.arai. '1 hough this is but three miles long, and one wlieie broadelt, it was the largell plain they liail leen (incc their palling Taraiua, whole lop was now covered wholly with iaige, black, and vei\ heavy clouds, from which they heard and law freipient pe.ils of lluindcr, and violent dreams of 11 diiniiig. 'I'his plain was (own p.utly with wheat, p.iiilywith Indian corn; the full was cut down, the other not yet ripe. They leit Iladawi on llic 271!!, continuing their journey down a very Iteep and ii.irrow path between two Itony lulls; then alcendeU one Hill bighc upon the top of which Hands the large village of Goi.n- buhba, whence they had :\ prolpcd over a cunlider- able plain, all fown with the dilfereiil grain this coun- try produces, wheat, barley, leH, and locullo; (im- (iiii (or (elaine) .iiid nook; the lall is uled for oil. Alioiit live o'clock in the afternoon, they had a violenl (huwer of haiKlones. Nothing is more tom- inon than aggravation about the (i/.e of hail; but, Hooping to take up one, Mr. Jh'Ute thought as large ,1- a nutmeg, lie received u blow from another jull under his eye, wiiicb be imagined had blinded him, und which uccalioneJ a fwclling uU the next day. Valine, ■ -■■'^'f^''f='l-.i : '.;h I. .ft: 1^ ^'/M'i ) ' 1, ' I.' J '.J i:: i'' inmw ; I ■il Mirl'-lil 11 '■- fc' '„ 6b [ NEW COLLEC'lION or VOYAGES ano TRAVELS. h' i ■ '. Yaliiic, the Moor, already iiuntionrd, who w.is recommended by Mtiical Aj;a, (!uiiM:;t!io Hiiirdays Mr. Hriice liad llaid at n place c.ilkd Ktllo, liad told him his whole hillory. It fttnis he had been letikd in a province of Ab\ IFmia, near to Scnnaar, called Rai el Feci; had married Al.d el JilUel, the Shekh's da\ii',liler; but, Rrowin;^ more popular than h's (allur- in-law, he had been pcrltcuted by hiui, and ulilij^cd to leave the couiitr\ . He begin now in I'mni l.opes, that, it Mr. Bruce was well uceivcd, as he law, ii: hII appi .nance, he was to be, h;- nii^lit, by Ins inieiell, be appointed to his f.iihcr-in law's place; elpniillv if thcie was war, asevti\ (bin,; Icenu'd to iiuiuate. Abd el jdlccl was a coward, and incapable of makuii^ liimlilf oF perConal value to any parly. On the e He bad lent fervai;ts to coiulutt ilum from tlicu,;i,ann of ihe river, and nut them himfelf at the ouicrdiinf of his hoiife. He bad liisown Ibort while hair, ci. vcred with a thin nuidin turban, a ibick well Oi.ipii beard, as while as Inow, down to hiswaid. Ilcujs chilbed in the Ab\l!inian drcis, all of white ceaton only be had a red li!k lalh, eiiit)roidered with .i,,ij about his wailt, and faiidals un hi.s feet; Ins mn. garment reac hcu down to bis ancles, lie had a ni;;;i. bcr of fer\aitts and Haves about him (jI both kxcs- and, when Mr. Umk e approached him, he lci'iT,i(i dilpolfd lo receive him with niaiks of luiniility aiul infirioiily, wbicli mortihcd liim much, coiiliciirii, , the obligations he was under lo him, the lioulilcl.^ had <;i^'<""i ■""' ^^•'^ unavoulably llill to give liii. Mr. lUiice embraced him with great ackiuuvkd.-e. ments ol kindnels and ijraliiiiile, calling hiin I aihr a title he always i.led in Ipcaking either to imn nr ii him afterwaids, wlien he \v as in higher foriiiiic-, v!;;;!; he condantU rf n^rmbercd wiiligieat plciline. l; conducted ibem lliioiii;h a C(nirt-\aitl planted umi jcddiniiie, lo a very lual, .mil, at ilie lame imic, Iji ^ room, Inrnilhed with a (ilk fi'iha; the lloor \s:,u->. vered wilh I'erdan carpels and ciilhions. /Ml Km, 1 (lowers and green leaves were diewed upon ll'.en,; - \ard; and the windows and lulis oi i!u ronm illll^ full of ever greens, in ccnnmemoration of the Cl'i li. mas (edival thai was at hand. Mr. llrucc Itiippcda; the entrance of this room; for his feet were i:(,;!i dirtv and blood\ ; and il is not cmhI brctilini;, m (bow or I'peak of ) our (eel in ,\|)\ lliiiia, elpccull; ;{ anv thing ailstlicii); ami at all tunes, they art ( . veicil. |anni iinmcdiaielv perceived the wounds il,u were upon his feet. 15oili llu ir clolhcs and llillmuo torn lo pieces at Tarania, and fevcral other placcsj but he tlioiighi ihcy had come on mules fiimifhul them bv the Xavbe. for the young man Mr. ISniu' had (cut to him fiom Kclla, following the (.'cuius (i Ills counir\n\en, though telling friiili was jull as pi'. hlable lo bim as l>ing, had cliolen the latter, aiul feeing the liorle be had got fiom the llahatiiai;a(li, h/ 1 hgured. 111 his ow n imagination, a multituje of oilier-, and told |anni tha: there were wiih Mr. liriice lioili-, ades, and mules, in great plenty, 10 that when |ariiii (a-.v them palling the water, he took our traveller Im a (ervaiil, and expetleel, for (everal miiiutes, tokt the fplendid company arrive, well nioiintcd upon horfes and mules capariloned. |anni was fo Ihockcd at Mr. Uruce's faying, ihit he performed this terrible )ourney on foot, that 1, ■ burd intoiears, uttering a tboiilaml reproaches againil the Naybc (or brii hard-licartediiefs and iiigraiiuidi', as he had twice, as he (aid, hindered .Michael frnni going in perfoii and fweeping the Na\he Iroin ilu face of the carib. Water was imnicdiaidy procuud 10 wa(h their feel. .And here began another conten- tion: |anni inlided upon doing this hinilcll, wliiili nia\lliiMa, elpcculiv II all limes, they arc : . ceivcd the woiiixh iK,i r clothes and llclhwuo id (evcral other placo) me on mules ruiniihul V()iin)» man Mr. Ihuic ollowing the «eiiius (t q fniih was jull as pro. eholeii the latter, ,ii:,l 11 the Mahaiiiai;a(h, h.i , a iiiultitiide of other., with .\li. Jirucehi)il(>, ly, fo that when jaiiM ' took our traveller Iwr leveral mimiirs, ti) (if , wcll'inounied iipuii . nnifr'.s fayiiijT, thii irney on foot, tiial 1 ami repri)nhesi\i;aiiiil ;liie(s and iiijjraiitiuit', iiidtrcd .Michael frimi ); the Na\ be from tl;< immediately prociiinl )ejf»ait another conttii- )j{ this hiinlelf, wliiili the yanl, and dccl.ire ilris the like dilpiiK' It was always a te the (eet cA thole tl;.; ; iitiderDood to have No looner was thi^ »'a» brou'^hl, exceed- (idcrstioii or < nuxan iidlotd to ht down ami tandall the time, with Jgli he had plenty d J with fonie vih nis llaudiiig on edge, or t)ea|)cd one upon .inotlicr j apparently the remains of an V. .1 large eauUwiy, pait of the iiiag- nilicuil works about .\xiii,i. Ihe lall part of the journey made ample aniciiiK for the difliciil.ica and fatigue they had ludered in the beginning. For llie road, on ever) hde, was ))ciliiuud with variety of llowering (hiubs, chledy dilleiuit fpecics of jtHa- miiie; one in paiiuular td' thele, called .■Xgam, ini- pregnaied the whole air with the mofl deluious odour, and coveied tlic linall bilU through which lliey palled, in liich prid'ulion, ih.it they were, ..t times, alnudl oviuome with its (i.igraijce. 'Ihe country all round had now the moll hcautifid ap- pearance, and this was heightened by the liiicll uf weather, and a temperature of air neither loo hut nor loo cold. When they had loll fight of the ruins of tiiis an- ciiiit capital of .\b\IIinia, they oveitook three travel- lers driving a cow before iheiiij they had bl.ick goal (Isiiis upon ihcir ihouldcis, and lances and Ijiields in their hands; in other relpciis wcie but tliinly clothed; tluy appeared to be loldiLis. The cow did not Icem 10 be fatted for killing, and it occurred to our travellers that it had been llolen. 'Ihis, h.uw- evir, was not tlieii bulinels, nor was luch an occur- rence at all remarkable in a cuuiurv fo long engaged in war. They law that ibiir attendants allaclied thendelvcs in a |)arlieular manner !'> the three ful- diers who were driving the cow, and held a (liorl eonvcrfution with them. Soon after, the drivers (uddeidy nipt up the cow, and gave the jioor animal a very rude fall upon the ground, which was bill the beginning of her lufleriiigs. One of ihem fat acrofs heriuck, holding down her head by the liiiriis, the (»lher twilled ihe halter about her fore feet, while the third, who had a knife in Ins baud, 10 Mr. liruces very great lurpiife, in place of taking her by the throat, got aflride uji,!!! her belly before her hind legs, and gave a very deep wound iu the upper pari of her buttock. From the tune Mr. Bruce liad k. 11 ihcm throw the bcult upon tl.c ground, he had up. iced, thinking, that whei. three people were killing a ci'W, they mull have agieed to fell part of I.er to ihem ; and he was niiu h dilappointed upon healing the Aby llinians l,iy, that they were to pal's the river to the other (ide, and not encamp wlsere he inteiuled. I'pon Mr, JJrucc's propcding they (h(uild bargain for part of the cow, his men anlwet- ed, what they had already learned in converfulion, thai ihey were not ihen to kill her, that flic was not wholly theirs, and they could not fell her. This awakened .Mr. llruce s curioliiy : he let bi.s people go forward, and llaid bimfell, till he faw, with ihc utiiK il altonilbment, two pieces, thicker and longer ih.m our ordinary beef (leaks, cut out of the higher pan i)f the buttock of ihe bead, ilow it was done lie cannot politively lay, becauCe judging the cow was to be killed Inmi the monieiit he (aw the knife drawn, be was not an.xioiis to view that catadrophc, which was by no mean.'! an objetf of curioliiy; what- ever way it was done, it (urely was adroiily, and the two pieces were fpread upon the oiiilidc of one of their (hields. One of ihem Hill continued holding the head, wdiile the other two were bulled in curing 8 F the Mi M ^^■■■rmw fi %t, u y-:" w> 665 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES an;) TRAVELS. 'V. ^ 1 > .: H iltt Mi ! ^w..t'k^4(j t]ie wound. This lno was done nut in ;m ordinary ni.inncr; iho ncy pitehcd tl'.cir tent tliis dav in a (it;.dl plain, by tl'.e h.inks of a ijuick clear niiiniii^ flre.nn; the fpot is called Mai Sjuini. :\ pe.ilatil liad niadi- a very neat little garden on both (ides of the rivulet, in wliieh he had fown ahiindar.cc of onions and garlic, and he had a l|ieeies of piini])l.:ii, whu h Mr. liiiice thoii!;ht was little inferior to a melon. I his man fiiieHed hy their arms and hotles that they were hunters, and he hrou>;lu them a |'relent of the fruits of Ills gaMien, and l)e^:;ed tluir afliflance a^ainfl a miniher of uild h.iars, wliii li ciiiied havoc and de- (olalion liiroiij;!) all his l.ihoiirs, maiks of whicli were, indeed, too vifih^e e\ery wheie. .Siu li inllan- ccs of irduflry ,ire ver) rare m this eoiintr\ , and de- mandi d cneoiira;;cmcnt. .Mr. l!iuee p.iid hiiii, thertlore, for his greens; and fent ts\o of I, is (tr- v.inis with hiin into the wood, anti ^ot on hor(el).Hk himlelf. .Mir/.a, his horic, indeed, as will as hi^ lii.iDti, li.id rceiiiiled ^jnaiU diirin;; iheir It.iv at .Adowj, under the hofjiiuble rooful their good liieiHl Ja:ii.;. 'Vhry killed fne boars, all lari;e ones, in il-.e fp.ire of al)o .■ two hours; one of which mcalured (i\ feet liine inch'.'s; and, tlioU'.;h ho ran at an am.i/ini^ (peed near two miles, fo as in be with diffn iiltv overtaken bv the horfc, and was (trnek lhroiii;li and ihroUi;h w itb two heavy lanrts loaded at the end with iion, ih) pel fun dared to come near liiiii on loot, and he defeniled liiindlf above hal( an hour, till, having no lances Icli, Mr. lUuie (tioi htm with a boi le pnlnl. Hut ilir misfoiiuiie was, iliat alter their hunting had been crowned wu!i liiih lueecfs, thev did iini date to partake of the ( xcelleni venilon the v had acipiired; for the .Abyflinians hold pork of all kinds in the utiiiolt dctcftation; and our itavelh r was now become cau- tiotis, lefl he flioiiM give offence, being ai no grcii diftance from the capital. In thetourfc of their jonrnev, Mr. Hriicc heard a cry from his firvaiits, "Robbers' Robbers!' lie immcdialelv got upon his mule to leai n what ahum this im.;lit he, and l.iw, to hts great lurprile, part o( bis b.igi»age llrewed on the ground, the lervants lun- Iiing, ( 'ine leading, oiIutj on fool diiving fuch o( their mules as were unloided before ihem ; in a \« in (oitnof a hal! iiuioii frunt. ing the plain, but lis gicatcd breadth is at the *•. it end; all the houles arc of clay, and tli.itclird; 1 c roofj are in the lorm of cones, as, indeed, arcji, ;■! .•\h>(iinia. .Sucks (amous for a manu(j(luicuf eojiio ceUKui cloths, winch p.ils (or cm rent nuimv t!iri."i all the iiroMiice (d i igu', and ate valued .it a draii', the tcnlh put of a wakea of gold, or near the val^ of an impeiial dollar each; their brt.idih is j \jr;! and a ({iiaiter. lli (idcs thele, beads, needles, cuhi, and ineenle, at tinus only, arc conddcicj i\n:\- ney. '1 he aiticles depend jjrcatly on clunci-, whether any arc current for the lime nr iii.t; I i: the latter is e>ftei) demanded ; and, fur the li:, there are modes aiui faOiions among tliiCi' barli.i ii.,:!<. and all, e.\cept thole eif a cerlsin ccjIout ai J (v>rm, .;re ufclel.s. 1 he (e people were not eil a 1 1. mour to buy and fell uiili them. '1 hey were imi pa (eclly latisl.ed that .Michael was alive, and waitcilu !. feir a cenihiUiation of the news ()f Lis ilefca:, '.< make their eiwn terms with all (tiangers iiiirniiiin.,:, enough to fall into their hands. C)m tlic odier l,.;; '. our travellers were in podedion ol (iipeiieir force, 1 1 kne)wiiig their inclinations, ihev treaicd iliciii |4f ;. much in the manner they would have deine hvihii: Although Sue IS (itiiated in one of tin- liiiell tcM"- liies III the woild, like eitbci places, 11 has its ii^'- veiiieiicies. I'm ml levers, i>t tin; very «ur!l kiii'!, aie ainioll conlt.iiit here; and there die) theiucUu!/. reign a Ipecies of tlicic that daily (wept awayagrai number ol people. Here Mr. Hriite heard the gooij news thai Ris .Michael, on the lOih of this moiiili, lidd cane j> with lalil at I-agiiia, and entliely dilperled his am ), ade'r killing lO.Coo men. 'Ihis aceouiit, tkiu^lnii.; condriiied by any authuiity, (lius.k all the irui:iKu< I": I V E L S. BRUCfs TRAVF.LS to niscovi-rt rui. SOURCK of the NILE. 6G7 biini; now ii|), two men i-oiii|)laiiii-. l)ui (.1 u|„u iliiii llioy lu-niid lu ^[. ni; wioii^cd ilicm. i,, • was tl)i.s: -one of the ;iw, which lie was carry. '•""•• •" ''•'^'"« lliis lud hoilv liiid lakcii Ijncc, 10 iippioach lor I'cjr „f ili'iilid ihtnilclvii viih Ir. JiiULi- <Lr.;ir I m of a haH-imioii frjci. II hrc-aJih is at iht \»:i( clay, and ihatclirdj lie :s, as, indeed, arc ill ;■! a iiunufaUuicuruijili.' rill rent money tlir lu^ii 1 aie \ allied .11 a draiiii; H'tld, or near llic \i'.'w i their breadth is a \jt,! heads, necdltJ, rolii'', arc eonddcied as nM i ;;i tally on clidn;i-, he lime or luit; ! i: cdj and, for the lnii, ns ainonn tlufi; barh.i of a certain colour ;ii:j :'(i(>lc were not ol j li. em. 'I hey were nm \ki- as alive, and Mailed u 1. IK ws (if l.ij (lolcj;, !;i all lliangers iiiiroriiiii.:;. !■.. On the o'.liif I.j-', )i) ol liiperiiir force, ,1 1 lev treated ihcm [.rfiv uld h.ive dune liy il:ii)'. 11 one of tin- liiicll toiin- places, It has its i"t"'- il ilu: very wurll ^»'", d there did iliciuCUi-"> daily Iwept away agttai be ^ood iiew.< thai Ri* ;•, inoiuh, had ci-iiic i.p iiely dilperledhisaiiiii, 'his aceouiit, tkiu^li ri:.; Ilmtk all the tmiiimiJ' of I lliji province with ;\wc; and every min reiiirned |,is (liiiy lor fi^'T of iiicuniii^ the elil'plearnre "f |,K fcvere governor, which they well knew wowld lil.iiil'v l'^' lollowcd by more iha!! ,ui adeipi.ue pi>r- , 111 of veii);eancc, elpceiiilly ai;.iinll thofc that had . jfconipanieil him to the held. i:,irly <>" ill'' 24111, they (Iriick their tent at .Sire, ,.d 'i.iireil through a vail plain. All th.is d;iy they niKl ililefri' IK) mountains, as far as eye coiiM re.ich, ,^^|. only lorn c few detached hills, liaiidinir I'eparatc ' ilie'plain, covered with hi^li i^r.ifs, uhith they fe li'i^^i' hnrtiiiig, to produce lu w with the liill ,i,j. 'rhc country to the north is aIto;;ctlier (hit, ^il perfectly "I'e'ii 1 and thoiiiih they could not dif- •ver one vilhi'.^e this d.iv , yei il leemed to Ik; well l,j',jicd, from the many people lhe\ law on dil- r .fill parts id tlic plain, fomc at larvell, and lome Thev encamped at .\ddcrj;ry oti the 30tli, ne.ir a rivulet called Mai-I.uini, the river of lime<, in a plain fcarce a mile lipiare, rnrroiiml- 1,111 each liilc with \erv thick wood in form nf an „„,,|,ji|nMtrc. .Above this wood, are baie, riii;r,eil, j;| barren iiioimtains. Midway in the ehd \\ ,1 hmT. rable villi;;e, that I'eems rather to ban-; than to I'jiiJ there, fwirce a yard of level y;rounil beiii;.; be- fiic il to binder its inhabiianis from falliiij; down the 'I'iiC wood is ( i,r lemons .f and prrnpicc- nroiis ff'"" ^bicb it actpiires its name. Bclore the i^;,i to the wcdwaid, was a very deep valley, which ,^|.,,i;,i,iied this liltio |>lain in a ircmendoiis precipice. This ni;;bi ibe h\ xnas devoured oiieof ibe bell of I'iir iiuiles. They arc here in j;reat plenty, and fo -choiiS! the roaring and v;riimhlim^ of the lailcr, n liie I'lrl "^ '1"^ wood ne.iicll their lent, ^really (■JiiriK I their bcalls, ami prevented th.em liom eat- ji ' ilieir provender. Mr. llrucc leni;ihened the (liiii's of his tent, and placed the bealls bclw, ,11 ih.m. Ihc white rop.s, and the tremulous tnoiioii made by ibc iniprc'Iion of the wind, frightened the li, Ills from coming near ibcm. 'I'bey had procured (r im laiini two Imall br.ifs belN, fueh as the uuiles (jirv, and had tied ihele to the lloriii (Irinj^s of the iriiij wIk re their tioife, no I'.ouhi, greath' cinitribu- itil to the lafeiv of their bealK, fioiii tbele ravenous, Mt faulioiis animals. In that they never fiw them; i); I the iioifc they made, and, perhaps, ilu-ir I'liull, fi iiirihed the mules, that, in the nioining, they «tre drenched in Iweat, as if they had been a lon;^ I'ltney. Ihc brutifb luii-iia wa. not (o to be deter- i,.i. Mr. Ilriicc (hot one of them de.id on the iiigh.t j (ilie 31(1 of [amiai)', and on the ad of Kebiuary, ! Iiliieil 11 .inoiher fo near, that he was lonlident ol kiilinn him. Whether ihe b.ills had fallen out, or that he had really milled him with the full barrel, be know not, but be i;ave a fnarl and a kind ol baik u:)im ilie liill (hot, advanciii;; duedly upon him, as il iiiiluirt. The (econil (hot, however, look place, and l.ud liiin wiibout niolion on the unmnj. Yafi.ie ami Ins nienkilbd another with a pike; and luih »j.i their delermilicd coolnefs, that ihey llalkeil riiuiid about our travellers with the familiarity of a dni;, or luiiie other iloiiullie animal brought iij) '>ilb man. However, they were llill more ineo nmoiled by a (mailer animal, a hir};e, black ant, lillle lels than an inch loni;, whiib, coming out Irom under lilt UriKiiid, dcmilidied their carpels, which they cut all into Ihreds, and pari of the lining of their tent likcwife, ami every b.ig or lack they could tiiid Their bite caufes a conllderahle ind.immaiion, and till' pain is greater than that which aides from the biic ol a korpion ; they are called j^.-iruliHii. On tl-.e (iill of Keiiriiary, the Shum (ent his people to value, as be laid, their niercbamlile, that they might pay cudoni. Many of ihc Moor.', in their caravan, IkkI left them to g') a near way to Hau/,a. Mr. Kniee had at mod hvc or fix alfes, including th j|e helonijing lo Yalitic. lie hmnoured them (o far as lo ipeii the c.i(es wlicicwcre the lelefeopes aod 4uaJr.uit, or, indeed, lather dicwcd tliciii ui>eii, us they were ivit fliui from the obCervation be had been niaking. They could only vonder at things tluy hid iievc r before feen. On the id of hehruary the Sliiim rair.e lumfelf, and a violent allercatioii eiTiied. .Mr. Hrnce, however, gelling the bctler, on the 4lh of I'ebruary, in the morning, they left Adilergey. While employed in making ready for their departure, wliii b was jiill at ihe ihiwii ofdav, a bya'iia, iinl'een by anv oflhem, l.illened upon one ol Valine's ades, and had alinoll pulled his tail away. .Mr. I'lruce was hufiel at qilh.riiig the tent pins into alack, and b.id placed his miilkci and bayonet ready agiinit a tree, asii is uCual at thai hour, and the elol'c of the evening, 111 (uiler to he on their guard :':;aiai!l any baiidiiii. .\ boy, who was fervant to ^ aCnie, law the byu'iia (ird, and (lew 10 Mr. IJruce's inulket. ^'.iline was disjoining the poles of the tent, and, having one half of the Lngelt in his hand, he ran to the aililtanee of his a(s, ami in tliat inomenl ihe inulket went (df, luckily ehar.;ed with onlv one ball, which gave Valine a lledi wound between the ihunib and foreliiiger of his left hand. The boy in- (lanlly threw down the mu(!;el, w!i;ch had lerrihed the h\a:na, and made him let go the afs j but be dood ready to light '>'a(iiic, who, not annihng him- (elf with the i hoiee of weajxins, gave him fo rude a I/low with the tent-pole upon hii iiead, that it felled him to the ground; others with pikes, put an end 10 his life. Tliey werL- then obliged to tin n their cares towards the wouii Jed. Vafine s wound was fooii feen to be a tride ; bcfide.s, he was a man not eafily alarmed on fucli octalions. l!ut the poor afs was not lo (0011 comfoited. The dump remained, the tail hanging by a i)iece of il, whieb they were obli- ged to cut olf. The next o]H'ralion was actual cau- tery ; but, as ilicy had made no bread for breakfad, their hre had been nearly out. They therefore were obliged to tie the dump round with whip-cord, till they could get fire enough to beat an iron. What ('■idieienlly marked the voracity of thefe beads, the bya'iias, was, that the bodies of their dead compa- nions, which our travellers hauled a long way from them, and left there, were ainioll entirely eaten by the Curvivors the next morning. They continued their jiMirney along the (ide of a hill, ihrough thick wood and high grals; then di fceiided into a deep, narrow valley, the (ides of which had been fhade i with high trees, but in burning the grals the trees were confumed likewile; and the dioois from the roots were dniie of them above eiglit (cct high (ince the tree had thus fullered thai lame year. On the 81b of I'lbruary they began to afccnd I.amalinoii, through a very narrow road, or rather path, for it fcarcely was two feet wide any where. It was a fpiral wiiulieg up the fide of the mountain, always on the very biink of a precipice. Torrents of water, which in winter carry prodigious dones down the lidc of this mountain, bad divided ibis path into feveral places, and opened to our travellers a view of that dreadful abyls below, which few heads can bear to look down upon. 'Ihey weic here obliged to unload their baggage, and, by How degrees, crawl up a hill, carrying them little by little upon their Ihouhlers round ihcfe cbafms, where ih.e road was interlecled. The mountains grew deeper, the paths narrower, and the breaches iiioie fiequent as they afcended. Scarce were their mules, though unload- ed, able to fcramble up, but were perpetually falling; and, to increafe their dillieiiltics, which, in fuch cafes, feldoin come (ingle, a large miinber of cattle was delceiiding, and (eemed to threaten to pudi them all into the gulf below. After two hours of condant toil, at nine o'clock, they alighted in a fmall plain called Kedus, or St. .Michael, from a church and village of that name, neither bead nor man being able to go a llep further. The plain of Kedus, or St. .Michael, is at the foot of a deep clilV which terminates the well dde of I.amalmon. It is liere perpendicular like a wall, and a few trees only upon the top of the cliff. Over ihiji ■ ■''li im \\ ,vil 1 i. 1 ' ■ |i;| ■W ■ -K f • Wi !•; f| 668 Ni:W ('t)LLi:C'lI()N oi VOYAGKS and TRAVELS. li I ■ ". I. U i .-J 't; ft \ Hji this preciiiici- llnw two llnaiiis ci' waur, whirli never are lii), but iiiii in all Ir.iliijs. I lioy l.ill iiiio a wood at the holloin of this ilill, and iirefervc it in roiitiniial verdure nil tlie year, il-.oiit;li tlie iilaiii it- leir below is all rent in cliaiins, and i. racked by tb'^' bcai ol the (\lii. 1 befe two itnani'i form a lonli- (Ur.ible rivulet in the plain ol' Si. .Michael, and aic a great nlief both to men and e.utle in thi> tedious and (hlliiull paflane over the mount.iin. I he air ol L.nn.ilinon is pleafaiit and lemperatc. Tiny here loiind their appetite return, with a (beer- fulner>, lii^htnel's oTIpirits, and aiiility of bod\ , whieh iiidieated that ihiiriurves b kI ai;ain reinnied ihcir vonied tone, which lhe\ had loll in the I m, poil'on- ;ii., and fnliryairon tlieeoall of ilie Re.an>. lo G'lndar lies. It is heie thev la'.a' an account oi all bag';i.;e and iiierchandd'', whieh iIk\' traidmilto ibe Xegade R is, or thief oiiici i (A' the tuitons at Coii- dar, by a man whom t]ie\ h-'id to accompany tlie caravan. There is all) a pulcnt, iv, awide, ihie to the pii'> ale |)ioprictcir o! the (ground: and lliis ix levied wiui f^r. at ri<;oiir and violence, and, f.ir t'le mod part, with injiilliee; fo tlut ibis llatioii, which, by the ellablilbnu nl ol the euflom-hour-, and lu ir- liels to the capit.ii, (liould be in a pariii idar manner altendid to b\ nn, c rnnient, is ■ilwa\ s the place where the hrfl roiibeiic; and murders are eouiniili^d in un- fettled limes. Though our travelers had iioibiir.; with them which couKl be ronfidercii a< fubjC' t t.i (hiiy, llie\' (iibmitied e\erv ihin;; lo the will i.l ti e robber (d' tlie place, and ^ave him bis prelcnt. If he was not fali^fied, he fccmed to be lo, wliicli was all ibey wilhcd f ir. Leave o( dep.uture was L;ranled earb in the inoni- ii'g of the gih, but it was with i;reat reg'ei they weic obliged to abandon lieir Mabonieun fi tends into l;anli^ li..il feeincd dilpofed to fliew ihem no fivonr. The king was in .Maiidia, or Dainot, that is to (av, far from Ciinidir, and various repoilN weie (pu a i a'./ioid about the fuci els of tlu' campaign. I'btfe peoidc only waited for an iinfavouiable event, to make a pieteiice for robbini; travelb is o( every thing they liad. The perfoiis whole right it was to levy iheCe contributions were twd, ,i father and foil; the old liiaii was dieded very decently, (poke little, but fni lOthU-, and Ii.id a very good carri.ige. lie pio- f( lied a \ loleiit hat ed to all .Mahonetans, on acecniiu of tlieii religion; a lentimeiit which Ceemed to pro- mife noihing favour.ihle to their friend ^■a^lne and bis companions: but, in the evening, the Ion, who feeincd to be the ailive man, came to their iciii, and brought tliem a tjiianiity of bread and bouza, which Ids father had ordered before. He fecnied lo be much taken with our travellers' fitearins, and was very inquifiiive about them. Mr. Hriiee gave him every fort o( fatiNf.ulion, and, liiile by little, fiw be might win bis heart entirely; which he very much widl.d to do, that he might free his companions from bondage. This young man, was a good i'oldicr; and, b iviiig !)( >'n III leveial adions under Kas .Michael, .is fiifileer, he brought his gun, and inlifled on lliooting at marks. Mr. lUiiec humoured him in this: hut as lie iifi' I a rifle which he did not underdaiid, he found himreU overmalihed, efpec i.illy by the jjie.iinels of the raii;^e, for he Ihoi flraight enough. lie then (hewed him the manner they fliot il>iiig, there being (juails in abundance, and w ild pig' oils, of wliuh he killed lever.il on the wing, which left liiiii in the tit- iii'dl allonilliinent. Having got on liorfebatk. Mr. Hriic. next went tbroiigh itie exercilc of llic Aiabs, will) a long (pear and . I (lioit javelin. This was tlioie w'iibin his compieheidioii, as he had feiti foiiieihing like it; but lie w.is wonderfully taken with the fierce and liery appearaiK e of hi, hov('-, and, at the lame lime, with Ins docility, the foimof bis Ciddh-, liiidh-, und accouireiiieiits. ile threw at lall the f.inddls oil bis feet, aiul twilled Ins upper garment into his 'm,,:i, and let oil .it fo I'liiious a r.ile, that .Mr. Hnice c i" i not help doubting whether he was in his (bber iiiklu! II indiiig. It was not long till be came hack ;r i with him a inan (Irvant c.irr\ing a (beep am! .a •' • .111(1 a woman r.irrying a jar of honey wine. Mr. Hni '. had not yet ipiilted the liorCej and when be law ul- • his ii'iention was, he put Mir/a lo a g.dlop, .u.d^ .,.,1 one id' the barrels of the gun, (hot .i pigeon, anil \i- 111' di.'.tely fired ■ other inns the grour.d. Tl'crj. ,. . nnhiiig al'er tli's iImi coiihl have liiiprifed l.ini , ■ ,i it w.is repeated re\ei.d times.u his lU (irej alierw' , ', liewent into the tent, where he iin itid liiiiili;i , , Mr. To net's houfe at (loiidar. There he was tn ii„i linn even tiling he liad leeii. They now I'woic .. , petual fiienillhip; and a hoin or two of hvdiua, ' living emptied, Mr, Iliiice introduced the cafe oj '■, fellow-tiavellets, and obtained a promil'e that i' . (bould have leave lo (et out l'i.;etlier. He w(j;. m ire.iver, take no awide, and laid, he would i. ' '. viHiiable in Ids report to Cond.ir. Matler.s were '. far advanced, when a ferv.int of Michael s arrive' Cent h\ I'eiro, J.inni's biotlier, who h.id ohtaiet J j ■ , from O/oro l-lllicr. This put an end lo all •!(■ dillioilties. ()ur youiiij (oldicr .lifo kept his w i and a mere tride of av.ide was given, rather hv ;' • .Moor's own dilire thin from de.nand, and the rVi • of the h.i^ ;.!„-•, and du:s tlieieon, were as lou a\ could be wilhed. N'ews wa.s now brought ihciii i!',' Ras Micliiel had .iclnally bea'en r'ali!, hirccd liinin ile, and was tlicn i; e would riii'3iii \ • Thi« was jiifj .. !,. retire to the other lide of ti.e Silt Maitfha, where it was tlioiiglii 1 the ann\' all ihe r.iinv feahui. Mr. IWuce could la\e w;!!i. d, ,-.s ii hiniglu hi, a :.- once to the iieighhonrhood of the rourcvs of i!-,e Nile, without the I'malh (1 IhadAw of dinger or f j,-. l-'ebrnary the r " of the rivers that water this part of Ah\ (lima. A inuliitude ;he, indeed her lirll coiinfcllor and Iriciul, their admittance was cify and immediate. Ihiv alighted, and were (hewn into a low room in the palace. .Aylo Aylo went immediately to the hoijhe, or queen, to iinpiire about Welled IIawar)at, \>h(i»js then ill, and his audience hilled two loii'.; h iirs. He returned to them with the news, that Weilfd Ilawaryal was much bettor, by ,t niedicine a fjiiii from \V'aldid)l)a had niveii him, which eonfilled 1:1 lu.iie characters, written with common ink upon a tiiipliie, wliich cbaratlers were walhed oil' by a me- (i.cjl liijuiir, and then );iven liim to drink. It was JCreed, however, that the coniplaint was the fiiiall pov, and the >;ood it had done him was, he ate i'.i.ittily (il IniiiJ, or raw beef, after it, thoiigli he had II 11 m: before lincc his arrival, but called perpetually fa dunk. licliire Mr. Bruce entered on his char.^e of ph)fi- cian, he Hated to thole prefent in the p.dace, the dil- ai;retdble talk now iiiipoled upon him, a llr.in^er tiiiliuiit acquainiaiue 01 proteriion, lia\ing the laii- Riii'e but liiiperfettly, and without power or con- inil aiiKiii^ them, lie pr(;fe!led his inleiiti m ol diing his utinod, although the dileale was much m Ayld at tlu- door, lie ((Hicivoil liitn by the liatitl, and r.iid, " Rifiilc iiollimv;, it can be all aheved afterward^ ; but it is very iieceH.iry, on .iccoiint of tlic j)nelt> and tlic populaie, you (hoiild bave a place of lome auiboriiy, otiicrwiic \ou will be robbed and nuirdcrtd tbe lirll time you go balf a mile fioin bonic ; bfiv people liave told me tbat yo\i have chelh filled with i;old, and that you can make gold, or bring wbat (juaniit\ you plcafe fiom the Indies; and the realon of all this is, becaufe you refuled the queen and O/.oro I'.llher's offer of gold at Kolcam, and which ytm mull mvcr do a;;ain. Mr. lUuce and his friends went in and law (he Ras, who was an old man, littini; upon a lofa ; his while hair was drelled in many (liorl curls, lie ap- peared to be thoughtful, bin nut dilpleafed; hisfaie was lean, his e)es quick and vivid, but leemed to he a Hale (ore from expofure to the weailuT. lie IVemed to be about lix feel high, thounh bis lamencfi made it dillicull lo guel> with accuracy. J lis air was pcr- fctllv free from conllr.iint, what the French call Jr- ^.'^I'f. Tbevmuil ba\e been b.id phvliognomids that did not dili-crii bis c.ijiacii) ami untiirllaiuling by bis very countenance. Iwcry look conveyed a (enli- nient with it : he li eiiud to have no occafion for other language; and, iiuKed, )u- (poke liitle. Mr. IJnice olTered, a> ulual, to kil> the ground before bun ; and (>f this he fecnud to lake little notice, firetching oni liis hand, and fhakiiig Mr. IJrnce's upon his riling. Mr. IJruce (at down with .\ylo, three or four ol ihe judges, IKikel the (|ueen's chamberlain, and others, who whilpercd fonuihing in his ear, and went oiii; which ir.leriiipllon pie\ciite(l ,\Ir. IJiuce from (peak- ing as he w'a> prepared to do, or give him h's pre- (cnt, which a mm held beliiinl him. A tedious in- congruous coiucrlation then enfiied, after wliuli .Mr. 15ruce ga\e the prefent, .iiul retired. Our traveller went afterwards to the king'.s pahue, and met Aylo anil lleikcl at the door of the ()re- fence-chambcr. 'I'fcla Mariam walked before tluin to the foot of the throne: after which Mr. Hiuce ad- vanced and proll rated himfcif upon the ground. " I ha\ e brought y(ni a lervant, favs he to the king, fiom fo diRant a counirv, that if you ever let him elcape, we (ball never be .dile lo follow him, or know where to leek him " To this the king made r.o reply, nor did be fhew any alteration of counlcn.iiicc. I'lvc people were ffanding on each (iile of the throne, all young men, three on his left, and two on bis right. One of thel'e, the fon of Tecia Maiiam 'afiei w.irds Mr. Hruce's great friend) who (lood uppc rmod on the left hand, came up, and taking hold of him by the hand, placed him immediately above hiiu; when Ice- ing Mr. Hruce had no knife in his girdle, he pulled out bis own and gave ii to bun. I'lion being placed, Mr. Hruce again killed the ground. The king was in an alcove; the red went mil of light from where the throne was, and fat down. The ufual (piellions verc now put ui Mr. IJrucc about |erul.ilcm and the holv place — where his country was.^ ulucli it was im- pofTiblc to defcribe, as they knew the (iuiation of no country but their own — why he came (o far —whether tiie moon and tbe (lar*, but e'pecially the moon, was the fame in bis country as in theirs^ and a gre.ii miii) Inch idle and tireloine quellioiLS, lie bad feveral times offered lo take bis prefent from the man who held it, that be might offer it to liis inajelty and go awav; but the king always made a fign to put it olf, till, being tired todeath with (landing, he leaned agaiidl the w.ill. .Mr. Bruce was .il)li)lu:ely in ilclpair, and fcarcely .ible lo ("peak a word, inwarrllv mourning the Jiardiiels of his lot in ibis his (ii II prtd rment, and (iii- ccrily praying that it might be his Lift promoiion in thai court. However, he was at lalf pcriniiied lo retire. \Vc. (hall now proceed in a provinrc loihrfalt. What, in a Ipccial niannrr, in. ikes the ricl'i mf 1 |.,,r is, that it lies man ft llic maikel, which is Arabn- and all the mrichainl le dellined to criils the Urd Sea muH p.ils thioii;h this |>rovince, lo that the gnvcriKir has ihe ch.im (d ,ill i oniT.oiiiiKs wheiewith m imh- his m.irket. I he (Iron »cil inah-, the iiioft bc.iiiiil.il female Haves, llie pilielt gold, ilc- l.irgrd |,i-ih i,|" ivor\, all mud pals thiough his handi. FireaniK mi>i cover, which for m.iny years have tieciiird uhu is the mod powerful in .\b\(lini.i, all ihi Ic come (rmn .\ral)ia, and not one can be pin dialed withiMii 1,1 knowing lo whom it goes, and after his having luj the lirll leliilal of it. t>i|('-, a pro\ nice alioiit t\»rnr.. five miles bro.id, and not much more in leip^ih is reckoned as a part of I igre .illo, but this is luit a mw ufiiipalion. It loll the rank fd' a province, and \>.i! uiiileil to Tigie (or the inidich.wioilr of its guvrinor K.d'iiiali Claudius, in an expedition agaiiifl the Shan- galia in the rrign of Yafous llic (ircat. Alter pj(rin' ihe Taca/./e, the l)ounara, whu-li runs pa'allel to ii, on the louth, and is leparatid (nim it by the river Hafhilo. I5oi!i thel'e provinces arf bounded by the river Nile on the well, liegtmd r is about i8o miles in its greatcll le;i.;ih, aiul Gd in breadth, comprehending (.all.i, a iiioiiniiirniis pri>- vince, fomeiiines depending on llegeiiuli;, huKiIki in rebellion. Jlegemder is tlu- Itrengih of .A'lylli'ia in horfemeii. It is faiil 'hat, withl.alla, it cm bri;» out .J ",,000 men; hut this, as far as ever Mr. iiriii.; could inlorin hinilclf, is a greai ex.ij^v'ratioii. 'Ili'V are exceeding good loldiers when they aie plcilid with their g.neral, and lb ' cauie for \Avxh lluv I^hIm; oiberwifi, iliev .ire ealily li'vidtd, great many pnvi'e iiiterells being continually kept alive, as it is tliou!;lK indiilliioiilly, by goveiiimiMil itlelf. ll is well Itoik-d with cattle of every kind, ;.!l very heaiuifiil. The mountains aie lull of iron nmies; they arc iint lo deep and rocky, nor fo IretpK-nt, as in oth(;r pro viiices, if wp except only I. alia, and alioiind ia all fori of wild fowl and game. Auiliara is the nexi pro- vince, liRUCF/s TRAVELS to discovkh the SOURCE of the NILE. 671 =!*lj vinco l)ctwcen the iwo rivers Hafliilo and GcOicn. Iiii' Icimh of this country from K. to W. is about pomili'^i ''"•1 ■'■' hrcadih fomething more than 40. 1.' js ,1 very mountainous country, full of nobihty ; ihcini'ii are reckoned the handloinell in Ahvllinia, ^cll as the bravelt. Between tlie two rivers (leMu'n and Saiiibd, i' a low, unwholefome, though fertile t-'iiviiiic, called Walaka; and fdulhward iif that is Inner Slioa- 1 his province, or kinndoni, was famous fir liu- retreat it Rave to the only reniainin^ luincc of ,|,i- hdille of Solomon, who (led iVoni the niallacre of hishreiliren by Judilh, about the year goo, upon the Dckof Danio. Here tlie royal family remained in liiiriiy, *!"' increafed in number, for mar 400 vfjrs, I'l' '^"^y were rellored. Gojam, from norih- ill ID louth-ealt, is about 80 miles in leni;ih, and jo ,ibroa(lih. It i« a very Hal country, and all in pai- ,,i[t; has few mountains, but ihofc are very hi'jjh ones, ' \ jrc chiefly on the banks of the Nile, to the loulli, ^lul, river iiirrounds the province. On the rouih- jijliifilie kingdom of (.ojam is n.iniut. It is |ii)ii:iilcil hv the Temei on the call, by the (lull on licwcil, by the Nile on the fouth, and li\' the hi<;h nioiinuiiis of Amid Amiiion the norlh. It is about o mill's 111 length from iiorili 10 loiitli, and fonie- thiiii; i"'"c '''■'" '^^ '" '"■'■"'•h fioin call to well. On t'-' mlur (ide of .\mid .\mid is the province of \;i()ws bounded l)y thole mountains on the rail; tvHuie and I'mbarma, and the country of ihe Ooii- jii, oil the weft; by Damol aiul (Jafat upon the iouth, ad niiij^leber on the north. .South from Dembra is Kiiiri, a very mountainous province coiiiuinii; upon ihc IViRan blacks, or Shan^alla, called (.om^as and Cubj, the .Maerohi of the ancients. — It is a very uuliiildonie province, but aboundin;» in i^old, iu)t of lis Dwn produce, but that of iis iiei?,hbourliood, il-cft' Pa^^aiis, (iuba, Nuba, and Shani^alla. Nara, and R as d Keel, 'rcbel<»a, and on to Tcherkin, is a frontier wholly inhabited by Mahoiiieians. Its i;o- vrniiiicnt is j^encrallv piven to a (hanger, h ""Hl&M' (M- 6;.. NEW COLLECTION or VOYAGES ami TRAVELS. B^ (■■{ f:^rr« S 'Ik .■■ ;f A^i '^:,h ■^'^.AVUt^.^l Ka5 i lal) (>r .ill ilie kill); gives his rciuencc, wUith is final, and k'liils it t» the table, Iroin the baK:(niy wiiere he is then fitting, by the ollicer called Kal- llai/.e. The next renurkahio ceremony, is that of adora- tion, inviol.ibly obicrvcd in Abyflinia to this day, as often as yon enter the foverei<»n'» prel'eucc. This is not onlv kneilin^, hut an nhlolutc prolli .uion. Vou firll fall npon your kners, tlu'n upon the piilnis of yonr hands, then iiulino your head and body till your fniiiuad touch ihe earth; and, in calc yon have an anlwcr to expcd, yt)U lie in (hat poDure till tiic kin^, ui lomcbody from him, deliies you to rife. Another pratiiie in AhyflTinia was to befet the kind's doois and wiiidous \sitliin bis bearing, and there, from caily niorninj; to iiinlit, to cry lor jiil- tice a loud as polhhie, in a diltrclled and com- plainini; tone, and in all the dilicrini lan^iia^rs they are mailers of, in order to iluir hems admitted lo have their luppoled t;rievaiKei heard. Inacouniry fo ill governed i'i .Xbvlfinia is, and fo perpetually involved in war, it may be ealily fuppol'ed there is no want of people, who have real injuries and vio- lence to complain of: but if it were not fo, thi> is i\} much the conllaiit ufai^c, that when it h.ip- pens (as in the inidll of the rainy feafon) that few people can approach the capital, or liand without in fuch bad weatiicr, a let of vaRranis are provided, mainiainid, and p.iid, wl-.olc lole biilin^fs is to crv and laincMif, as if ihiy liad been really very much in- jured and oppredod; and this they tell you is tor the knit's honour, that he inay iioi be loiielv by the palace beiiii; loo (jiiiet. 1 his, of all their ab- lurd culloius. Was the mod grievou.s and troublefoine to Mr. lirucc. The kiniT of .MiylTinia wears his Iwir long; he wears his diadcni while niarchiiif;, as a mark of io vereignty, thai does not impede or incomiiiude him, as any other heavier ornament would do, efpecially in hot weatlier. 1'his hllet furrounds his head above the hair, leaving the crown perfedly unco- vered. It is an olfence of the (ird inagniiude for any perfon at i,.is time, to wear any thing upon his head, efpecially white, unlcfs fur Mahometans, who wear caps, and over ihcin a large white lurban ; or for priells, who wear large turbans of mullin alfo. The kings of Abviriiiia anciently fat upon a gold throne, which is a large, convenient, oblong, fcjtiare feat, like a Iniall hedlli ad, covered with Pcriiaii car- pets, dainalk, and cloth of gold, with ftcps leading up to it. It is Itill richly gilded; but the many revolutions and wars have much abridged their an- cient magnificence. It is, in Abyflinia, high-irealon to fit upon any feat of the king's; and he that pre- fiimed to do this would be inltanily hewn to pieces, if there was not foine other collateral proof of bis being a madman. In AbylfMiia it is confidered as a fundamental law of the land, that none of the royal family, who has any delormity or bodily deled, fhall be allowed to fuccced to the crown j and for this purpofc, any of tlic princes, \»ho may have efcaped from the mountain of U echne, and who are afterwards taken, are inutil.ited in fome of their members, thai thus they may be difqualified from ever fucceeding. 1 hey have fcvcral kinds of bread in AbylTinia, fome of different forts of ttfT, and fome of tocuffo, which alfo vary in quality. The king of Abyflinia eats of wlicat bread, though not of every wheat, but o( that only liiai grows in the province of Dembea, therefore called the kings food. It always has been, and Hill is the cullom of the kings of Abyflinia, to marry wliat number of wives they choofe ; that thefe were not, tlicrtf ire, all (jiieeiis; but that among them there was one \s ho was confidered particularly as (jncen, ann''i to death with them, about the iiill year 11^'.. reign of l)a\ id tlie I Vth. Among capital puiiirnim:i,;. may be reckoned likcvMfe the | lucking out of liic eyes, a criieliv which Mr. I',,uce had but too nficn fcen ccKiimitiedduiing the lliuii Hay he ii'adcin \W,- fiiiia riii.s isgeneially iidliclrd uponrchcls. .Vfirr tin liter of the battle of Kagitta, twelve rh',if> oftlie I'agan (ialla, taken prifoncr. by Kas .Michad, had their eyes torn out, and were afterwards dbai- doned to (larve in the valleys below the town. Sl- veral priloncrs of another rank, noblemen of luiri, undervMiit the laiijj misf'oitunc; and, what is\ii,ii derful, not one ot them died in the upcraiiun, nor its confequcncci, though performed in the coarlcll manner uith an iron forceps, or pincers. The dfad bodies of criminals flain for treafon, murder, and violence, on the highway at certain times, arc iu- doin buried in Abyflina. T he llrects of Goiiilar an.- flrewcd with pieces of their carcalcs, which bring iht wild bcafls in multitudes into the city as fonn as :i becomes dark, fo that it is fcarcely laic for any on. to walk ill the night. I'he dogs uled to bring piiu. of human bodies into the houfe, and courijaiii, to cat them in greater fecurity. I'hough the AbyfTiiiians were fo anciently and nearly connedcd with Kgypt, yet they never Item to have made ufe of paper, or papyrus, but imi- tated the practice of the Perfians, who wr.iic up.i fkiiis, and they do to to this day. J'liis arilcs fium their having early been jews. The Abylfinians neither eat nor drink with (Iran. gers, though they have no reafoii for this ; and 11 i^ now a mere prejudice, becaufc the old occaiion fw this regulation is loft. They break, or piirily, however, every vcflel a (Iranger of any kind Ihjil eat or drink in. It is infamy for a man logo i< market to buy any thing. He cannot carry water it bake bread; but he mud wath the cloihes beloiigin.! to both fexcs ; and, in this function, the wonn-n cannot help him. The men carry their burdens on their beads, the women on their flioulders. No man cats veal, alihough every one very willingly eats of a cow. They eat no wild or water-fowl, nat even the goofe, which was a great delicacy in Egypt. The rcafon of this is, that, upon their con- vertion to Judailm, they were forced to relinquiCi their ancient municipal cudonru, a> far as they were contrary to the Mofaical law ; and the animals w their country, not corretponding in form, kind, or name, with ihofe mcmioneti| in the Sepiuagim, or ' original kVKLS. lie ridis, he has a fcr. (.-» it pfDpirly tor Inin into the aiili-thaiiibcr lo the llool i>l,i(i;J ill tl;^. ry oftfii imJ^ics cipml C()ii(iciiiiu!(l l)i ti c kiiiii lault, milcK the c im,. IS |)\rriciiip i>i l^i:rilc"r. d incrils dI ih,- prifoncr Kill. lie !;iull ; lo that if niDiL' merit imvardi iV iciiry is thon^lu to h,i\ • fdiily a>;aiii(l the ntlici, aliruiveti when ilie I'ovt. a piirnncr i» tondcnincj n',.iiii rcniilltd m prilor c is immcdi.ticK i irrij ciiitcil upon him. 11,5 lima, ,nc ilic irols, and iir Honing 111 ,lt,iih_ 1; iiillitlcd uixiii llr,innir<, caufc's. 1 He Cathu'.ic ve been ditcdcd tliorc, en Honed tu ikaili, uti-i liects (if (iondiir. in th; cd \Mtl) the heaps ijfrtiinc til hy bciiifi ihroMii a; [hcle heaps at thi: church ifcaii Iri.irs ; and bcfiJci a l)(iy wlu) was nonoi I the lit II year v' •' ; \H)ng capital puiiiOimci. , :he 1 lutkiii); out of ilic ',iuce had but too oficn ort Hay lie trade 111 AIn:- it:lcd lipoiirchtls. Alur I Fagitta, iwtlvc ihu!, rifoncri by Ka.> Mithat!, id were afterwards dbiri. ys below the town. Sl- ink, noblemen oi linr., uiie i and, what is vt. n cd in the operaiiun, nor crformed in the coarloll , or pincers. The dcid jr treafon, murder, anl t certain times, arc lil- hc llrects of Ciondar a;o carcafes, which hi 111;; lit itu the citv as funn as :i fcarcely laic for any unc dogi ufed to bring pitui houfe, and court) am, rity. were fo anciently and •t, yet they never Iccm ;r, or papyrus, but imi eriians, who wrote iip.i I day. This arilcs fium ws. ;at nor drink with Aran- eafoii for this , and it i' aiil'c the old occalioii fw Ihey break, or piirily, anger of any kind Ihail my for a man to go i< lie cannot carry waara a(h the clothe* beloiigm:; lis function, the womcu n carry their burdens on >ii their flwuldcrs, No very one very willingly J wild or water-fowl, not IS a great delicacy in is, that, upon their con- i-erc forced to relinquilh loiTis, aj far as they wcie iw J and the aninials i" jnding in form, kind, or td in the Septujgint, or origin'' BRUCKs TRAVELS 10 niscovF.R tiik RIVKR NILK in KGVIT. liri^inal Hebrew, it has followrd, ih.it llurc are iii.iny iie iiili.iiice i!u(iiii;h not utidiill.iiiiliii)j it. The fi'llowiiij; is Mr. llruee's nreoiiiit of a p"')'" ihiiuii l)an(|iiel. " In the (;ipi|,il, where I'wj '\> lafe f,,.ni furpnle at all times, or m the coniitrv or vil- |.jcs, when tlic rains have bet oini' l.> ronll.int, that I c valUys will not bear a horle to pals them, or I'lii iiK'ii rannot venture far from homo, through Kar of htivn liirroiii'(h-(| and fwi pi awav by lein- foraiy tcricnls, on ihom <1 In bidden fliowers on If nniOiiialiis i in awcpid, \, ! 1 11 a man run f.iy lie ijfjfc at lioine, and the Ipi.irai.d lliit Id aic biiii!; ip in il.e li'ill, a tuiinbcr of jv opl^' of the bell [jlliiiiil ill the villai; s, o| both lixe , Cciiriicrs in ihc palace, or cfi/eiis in the town, nie<'t lo^^rlher II dine lutween twelve and one o'clock. A loiij; tibic IS let in the middle of a liii;e rooin, anil benches I" fide it (or a ninnber ol t;ii(lls who are iiniud. Tables and briuhcs (l.t- roriiintiele in- ifcduied aiiionull iluin ; bui bull lude^, fpie.ul upon If i;riiiiiiil, fiived ihein befmi', as ihcv now do in lie camp and conntry. A cow or bull, one 01 more, a< llii- coni|iany are niinuroii*, is bninnhi dole to ihi- door, and his feet llroiii;K li;t|. I he Ikin that l-j.K's down under Ins ilnn .ind throat, is cut oiil\ fi deep as to ariive at the fat, of wliuli it tolallv (iifills, and, by the kpar.ilion of a few linall bloml mIIcI', fix or feven drops of blood only fall upon ilcgroiind They have no Itone, bench, nor .lUar, upiin wiiiih thefe cniel albillins lay the .ininiar» li ul ill tins operation. llaMiif; fauslinl the Mo- fjical law, as ihey think by pouring ilufe (i\ or (veil drops npoii the ground, two or nioieof ihein fiilinwmk; on the back of the beall, and on 1 a( h tlfnf the fpine ihey cut Ikiii deep; tlun pmtiii^ If! tuners between ilie llcfli and the (kin, thev be- "■; ill lliip the hide of the animal half way down f itibN, and lo on to the buttock, ciittini; the (km »htresfr It hinders them eoinmodioufly to llnp the pior animal bare. All the llefl) on the buttocks is ihfn cut i)H, and in lolid Ujiiare pieces, without bni'<, or iniuh elliilinn of blood ; and the priuli- goiis nolle ilie aniinal makes is a fii;nal for ilie impanvio (it dmvn to table. There are then laid hi'iiu- every j;iiell, inllead of ])latev, round cakes, if ihiv ni.iy lie lo called, about twice as bli; as a jjii f.ike, and fometluiii; lliieker and toucher. It iMiiilcavciieil hre.id of a (oiiiilh talle, far Iroin be- in.; dilai;! ('Cable, and very e.ilily iligelted, inaile of a ;rain called teir. It is of dillerent ct)loiirs, from b;jck li) the Colour of the whitell wheat-bread. Three or four of iliele cakes, ire (generally put iip- f'.Tincilt, for the food of the perlon oppoliie lo whole feat they are placed. Heneath thele are four or hve of ordinary bread, and of a blackilh kind. licfc ftrve the mailer to wipe Ins lingers upon, and ilicrwards the li.rvant (oi bread to his dinner. Tsvo '■r three fervanis then come, each with a ftpiare p;ii of heef in their bare bands, layiiiR it upon i!x cakes of tcif, placed like dilbes down the table, k'lhout cloth or any thing elfe beneath them. Hy tli< time all the giiells have knives in their bands, and the men have the large crooked ones, which iky put to all Ions of ul'es during the time of war. The women have fniall clalped knives, Inch as the »orll of the kind maile at ISirmingbam, fold for a penny each. TT.c company are lb arranged that one man lits between two women ; the man with bis I'ln? knife cuts a thin piece, which will be thought J !;ood hcef-dcak in England, while you (ee the million of the fibres yet perleUly didintf, and alive in the (le(h. No man in Abyllinia, of any faOiion *liaiever, feeds himfelf, or touches bis own meat. The women take the (leak and cut it Icngtb-ways like Iniigs, about the tbicknefs of a little finger, then crufs-ways into fquare pieces, fomctliing Iraallcr 77- Wj than due. 'I his il , y lay iii^on a piece of tie klF biead, (troiigly poudcud wiili Idaik i'lf per, or Ciiv- cniie pepiH r, and lolhk lallj lliei ll en w lap it up 'in IlII bread like a(aiiiiil;e. In t! i' n.iaii time, il.c mail haviii'4 |.||l up Ihn Linfi', wi:l kllCl', Ills ai-.il numdi op.en von like an one wldle c.iilridge is (irlt wl.ole of it iiiio his n.oiiili, ii in CO M. Ill' ilaiv.'er ol beii.j: ia> Il Land redini; 'dy II lopi!!!;, his ¥ upon his in r.;lil)oiii \ bead low and lin w.o.l, iileot, 1 e turns to ih; read\-, who llll(f^ the whit 11 is lo lull that I i choked. T'bis is a itnn k of •;raiuk 111. 'J I e greater the man winild hem lo Ik-, tlu' I.1V4' r jii fe he takes ill Wis niouih i and t!ie moic noile I.e males 11 ,1; 11 chew, iiig it, the more poliii I.e is ll„.|;,;lit to be. T liev luise, indeed, a pioveib lliat l.n-, " Jiij;;:!rs af.cl lliii ves only ea: biiail pieces, 01 wiiluiut niakiil){ a lunio." Having dilpalcbed tl.;s inoi'il, which lie does very e\peil:tioiilly, Ir, luAt (cmaU- neinhbour holds (oitli aiioii or cattrid^o, whuli goes tie fame wav, and III on till I.e is lati-bed. He nevei dmik:« till he has (liiillud e.itm ; ; and, bolne le bcr;:iis, in ijiatiliide to the faii-one in 11 1,(1 I, 111, In- llKd.e^ ii|) two liiiall tolls of li.e fame kind and iorni ; lai !i ol his neighbours open ll eir iniMiilis ai ihc fame lime, while with each l.a:ul It- ]uil> tlieir ponioii inio tlun nioinlns. He then falK to di inking out of a huge liaiidlome born ; t' e hide cat till they are lalisliid, aidtl.cn alldiinkio; :'. ci. .\ "• eat deal ol niiiih and joke goes round, vcis leldom with anv inisture ol a. riniom or ill-hii;i;oi:r. During all this tiiiK', the iinfortiiTiatc viclim .it lie door is ieediii"- indeed, but bleeding lit.le. .\s long as they can cut oil the (lelh Irom Ins bo:ies, tiuv do not med- il!e with tl;e thighs, 01 ;l e p.iilswheie the gie.it ar- leiiesare. Al lall ll.r\ fall upon the tliighs likc- wile ; and loon alter the animal, bleeding to death, luconu-s lo ll ugh that the cimiibals, who have the uTl of It to eat, liiid veiy haid woik to (ipai.ne the lledi fioin the bones wilb iheir teeth like doi's. In lie mean time, thole within are veiv much elevated; love lights all its lires, and esory thing is pcriiiutecl Willi abloliiic lieedom. IT.eie is no eo\ nei>, no dc- lais, no need ol appointments or retirement, to gratify their wifhes ; there are no rooms but one, III which they lacrifue to IJicihus and to Venus." T heie is no (iicli thing a^ maiiiage in Abyliini.i, unlels that which is coniratled by mutual cunloii', wiihoui oilier form, (ub(illing onlv till didoUidbv dilleiu ol one or other, and 10 be renewed or le- pe.ited as olten as it is agreeable to IkjiIi parties, who when il'.es pleali-, eoliabit together a.;,iin as man and wife, altei liaving Ikx-ii disoioed, had children bv oilurs, or whether they base been inairied, or had children with oilieis or not. Upon reparation they divide the ehildieii. T he elded Ion fails to the motl'.er s tird choice, anil the elded daiinhter to the lailur. If there be but one daughter, and ail the ud Ions, (be is adigned to the fat Ik 1. If there be lint one Ion, and all the led riaugl^ters, he is the light of the moihei. II the numbsis are unequal afu r the lull clic.ioii, tliC red are divided l,s lot. There is no liub didiiirlioii as legitimate ami illegi- tiinaie children from the king to the beggar; for luppoling anv one of their man iagcs valid, all tlio idiie of tl'.e red mull be adulteioiis ballard>. The king in bis niarriai;c ules no oilier eerc- moiiv than this: he (e-iids an Azagc to the houl'c wlieie the lady lives, when the olliccr aimounees to her, it is the king's plealiiie that (he lliould remove iiidantly to the palace. She ihen drcdes herlelf in the bed manner, and immodiaielv obcvs. Tbcneeloiwaid he adigns her an apartment in the palace, and gives her a houfe el few here in anv part (be cboofes. Then, when he makes her Iteglie, it leeins to be the neared rel'cinblaiicc to marriage ; for, whether in the court or the camp, he orders one of the judges to pronounce in his prefcnce, that he, the king, has cbolen his hand-tnaid, naming her, for his queen ; upon wbieb the crown is put u^ion her bead, but (he is not anointed. 8 H The HM i -^1 sr'lvi ' i'li* >-!|i:,'..] , . If rfr .6 Ht-^ii. '1'^..' 674 M'W COLLF.CIION ok NOVAdllS anu TRAVKLS. ", t i/i 'if i Tlic tiduii luiii", lu .I'llil.ity ill iim- l.iiiiilv, Init c'e;liM' m ll'.c pi Hon, i\in\ poly^.iiiiy bi-iiig |.ciiiiil- ud, mull luivf iiiulnplicil ilii'le luir* vrry imi< l>, ami produced C():ill.ini ililpiiii's, I'o tluit it wa* rmiiid nc- ccIFji) tn jiKn iile a iriuiii\ lor tlu- aiui'i'liy ;ird cl- rufion ol tu\al l)li>i!.l, winch \sas oilu-rwirc iiu'vitiiMy to follow. Tiic ri'iiu'i!\ v.i- a liiiin.iiu' and ;;(.'ntlc one, iluv VM'rc fdhiin' (1 ill a i;i od iliinaii.' m'nn a high inoiini.iin, and ni.iiiuaiiii-d iIkmi- ai tl'o pnl.liL cxpcntc. i'lu-y all' tlu Tc i,i'.i^;lil lo read aiul wiitf, bill iioiliinn I'lli- ; 7^0 iKitlis lor wrappiiin idiind thorn, 3000 ounces III .;old, wlncli is 30,000 dnl'aii, or crowns, arr allowed hv llie ItaiP for iheir niaiii- tenance. 'riu-k- pniu (•^ are hard!v itled ; and, in trouiili !i>nie nines, olieii |)ui to death upon the (tnallelt iiiiliiirorination. The aeeoiints ol the military force of this kint;- doni have hecn );reatly exaijneraied. I he lari;ell arniv ihit ever was in liie lielil, was thai in the le hellion helore the liallle tA Serbraxo: . When ih.ov full eiuanipid ii]ion llie lake 'I'/aiia, the reliel ainiy aho^eil er iiiii;lu .iniounl to .ihoiii /jo.coo iikii. 'ri-eu llan(iard< .ire lar^e llaNo, liirniounied al ihe (op with ,1 liol'ow hall; hilow this is a iiihe, in wliieh ll'.e Had is liM-d; aiul iininediaie'v lielow liie .„ill, a narrow lliipe of (ilk iii.ide forked, or (wallow - tailed, like a vane, and (eldoni much broader. The llaiuiards of li.e infanirv have their (lai;s painteil two toloiir* rro|v.wa\s — \ello\v, whiie, red, or yieiii. The hoile have all a lion upon iheir (la){, (oine a red, (lime a Mini, and foiiie awhile lion, 'ihe black horle lia\ e a \ ellow lion, and over it a while liar upon a red (lai;, alliidiiii' to two propliecies, the one, " |ii- dah IS a \ oimi; lion," aiiil the other, " 'I'hi-ie (hall come d Uai oill ol jiidah. This had been dil- coniiniieil lor want of cloih nil the war of Henenider, when a lari'e pieee was louiid in [oas s wardiobe, and was lhou^hl a lertain oineii id his \ iclorv, and ol a loni; and \ n;oroiis rei();n. This piece ol cloth was laid to have Iveii hroui^ht from C airo by \'uloiis 11. for the campaign of Senaar, and, wiilt the other ftaiidardb and colours, was lurrcndcicd 10 the rebels wl'.eii the kiim was made pi doner. The king s houlehold troops (liould confdl d e\er\ liuiidre(ha third; that is, every twenty have one officer who eomin.inds them, but is commanded like- wile b\ an ollicei who commands the lifiv ; lo that there are thnc olhcers who command fiftv men, (i\ command a hundred, and thirty command five hun- dred, over whom is ;he Shalaka ; and this bodv they rail liet, which (i.;nilies a hoii/t; or iip.iilrwMl, becaule each of ihein (;ocs by the name of one ol the king's aparlincnts. There are four reniincnts.that feldom, if ever, amount to 1600 men, which depend alone upon the kinn, and ate ail forei^ncrs, at leafl the officers; thcfe have the chai(;e(d' his |)erfon while in the fiehl. In times, when the kini^ is out of leadinn-llrings, they amount u> four or live thouland, and then opprels the coun- try ; lor they have great privilege:;. At times, when the king's hands are weak, they arc kept incomplete out of fear and jealoufy. B( fore the king marches, three proclamations are made. The firll is, " Hiiy your mules, get ready your provilion, and |)ay your fcrvants ; for, after fiich a day, thev that feek me hete (hall not find me." The lecoiid is iibout a week after, or according as the exigency is prelfing ; this is, " Ctit dovin the kaniiiffa in the four (juariers of the world, for I do not know wh.Te I am going." This kantiiHa is a terrible thorn which very much molells the king and iiobiiiiy ill their inaieh, by taking liuld uf their long hair, and the colloii i loth they aie wrapped m. |j,. ihiid and lail pioclaiiiaiion is, " I am eiicain|)eii up,,, the Aiii;iib, or K.diha ; he that does not jom y^ there, 1 w ;li (.hallile him for leveii ycais." The rains j;enerally ccalc the eighili of Scp;,.^. li.Ti a fickly lealon follows, till they benm ai;,... about the ^oih ol OtUilici ; thev then coiuiiiir' prc't, conlLiiu, but moderate in tpianiiiy, till Ikil.ii Si .Michael, the i:ghtli of Noveinbi 1. All epiiioi, j dill ales ceale u iili the end ol thele rains, jnj ,[ ,^ then the armies lieg>n to iiiaiih. rheie are more chiirelu s in .\h)Hima tli.in n,.,,!,. oihei coiiiiiiv. I'.veiy great man thai dies !li,i,|>, (^ h.is .uoiied lor ;ill Ins i» u kednels if he leaies almid 10 bud.l a ihiiK h, or has built one 111 his h!. -i;!,,.. Ihe kill'.; builds m mv. Wherever a viiion „ gained, there ail.uiihis elected in the vcr\ t.-IJ lliiiking Willi the puliid bodies of the llain. hir. iiurU this was only llie eale when the eiiemv \u rngaii or Infidel; now the fame is <)blervcil\; ., the victories aie over ( hiillians. 'Hie (itiuiinn,; a iliuich IS alw.n s eholeii near ruiiniiig water, I r ! cimvi iiience ol llu :i puidications and ahiuiiuiu, ,.; whiih lhe\ (.hierve lliicily the l.eviiii al law. i^ ., aic always )>laced upon the top ol lonie ln,iii; !„| lound III I, which is lurioiinded enlirelv wiih r,,., , ■ the oxycediiis, or \'irgiiiia ced.ii, which gruw>|, ^. III gieai he.iiiiy ami peifettioii, and is called .\r.- riitre Is nothing adds lo much 10 the beauiv ul lic couiitr\ .Is ihele churdies and ttie plaiilalimi. ;i',„« them. Ill ihe middle of this planiaiioii of >,'ii|tj. interfperlcd, ai proper dillaiices, a iiimiher ol ih.,! beaiilifiil trees called Cullo, whuh giie.v mt; | i_; and are .ill e\;reni'.-lv piduielijue. 'I lie cliunl .,■!,. all iiiiind, Willi ihalched roofs ; their fiinini'i. .,,•' peifefl cuius; ihe oiitlide is (iiriouiideil liv ,i in,- ber of Wooden pillars, whuh are iiodniig I'e ij,, the t; links of the ledartree, and are platcil 1,1 :;ii. port the ediliie, alioiil eigiit feet ol the rool j ; ,. pciiiig be\ond the wall of tlie church, wliuh i,ir m .in agreealdc walk, or coloiiade, around it in I ii weather, or in laiii. The indde of ilic cliirih ., in leveral divifioiis, accoiding as is prelciihcii iiviir law of Moles. The full is a circle foinewlui u;,; r than the inner one ; here the cuiigregatii>ii Ii: j-j pray. Within this is a hpiare, and that Iqiuiu' a divided by a veil or cm tain, in which '\„ an ihcr very filial! divilion aidwcring to the holy of Ik/o-, lliis IS lb narrow that none but tlie priilh en . 1 into it. Whoever enters a church mult !k' Iu:> fooled, and if baie-iooied, may go through tvi-, part of it, if he has any fuch ciiriolitv, prouJt;! ,:, IS pure, that is, lias not been concerned with vmui lor iweiilv-loiir iiouis before, or touched cam. :; . dead l«)dies ; (or in that cale be is not to go w;:;i 11 ilicpieeinils.or outer i iicumfcrcnce of the church, liu; (land :::id lay his piayiis at an awful dilUiice amuc; the ced.iis; which dillanre every |Krl.iii of hi,::: lexes, under jewidi dilipialifications, are oblm-.: ii. obleivt ; and this is alw.iys a place beloiigiiii; in li ■ church, where, uiilels in Lent, the greatell pan ..1 the coiigiegaiion may be feen ; but tins is Ic'J [j the |)erli)ns own conlcience ; and if there w»sc;;l:ir great inconvenience in the one fituatioii, or tjrci; ij tislaftioii in the oilier, the cale would be olhcnviic. Oil firll entering the church, they put oil ilu r fhoes; but leave a fervaiit there with them, or die thev would he (loleii, if good for any thing. In ik pilells and monks l)elbre they come out ol lli; church. At entering they kits the tlirelhold, ami the two door-polls, go in atid fay what prayer t!:cv pleale ; that finiOied, they cimie out again, amlihiir duty is over. The churches are full of puiurf;, painted on parchment, and nailed upon the vi,ih', in a manner little lehi flovenly :han paltry prints m beggarly country ale houlits. Nothing emholfed, nor in relief, ever a[^ari in any of iheir churches; all this would be rede iii-ii idolatry, fo much fo, that they do not wear acnih, as has been reptcfcntcd, on the top of the ball "f j . the '" ^'<^^M^kkd \ V K L S. iV ;iH' \vi,i|ipnl 111. ji ;, " I nil I mampiil up I, lll.ll ilm's iKit Join „,,. r Irvi'ii )rars." L- tlic ciglitli (if Scpicm. S nil llicy bcum agnii tl'i-y tluii iimtiniK'pni, iHiiiKiuv, nil llcLii s, iiVLiiiln I. All cpuKii f III tlulif rams, anj ,( ,, juli. Ill All) Hiiii.i ili.in ill ,11,,. I Ul.lll lluil (lies Sllilii^^tj .iliu'ls il lie U\;viN alun the beamy «l lif ,iiid the plaiiialidii- ainr lis pl.inlandii uj' u'liiri ;, iices, a iiiiinher ol ihi,!; I, wliiili (;t(i'.v \cry h,;, _'U|iie. The churi! ,, jr.- )i)ls ; iheir liiiiinmi ju- ts (iirruiin.iiii liv a iiii';v . h are ii.iiliMii; il!e lUi, c, and are placed lu Im. Ill (eet III the rimf ji ,. tlie church, winch l,ir.;( )iia(le, ariiiiiul it in 1<,( inlide ol the chiiah ,s n^ as is prcli-rihcd liv (i.t s a circle loinrwliai \ni;,t the tollHrcj^.llHIII li: j;;J piare, and thai fijiuii' li .1111, III winch is anii;hcr in; to the holy of |ui' o,. bill the priciis c.ri ^.i a church mull lie ba;c- may ro tliri)iij;li e\,-v icli ciiriolitv, pmuJ'.-il u CDiiceriied with wnui e, or touched cam. :n,: e be is not to i^o w::,'! ii lercnce olthe church, !)u: an awi'iil diltanre »miin c every |K-rl,Mi of bti.r! ilicaiions, arc oblii;er;i» I place beluiiKiiii; tn i; - em, the nieaiell pan i,i ceil ; but this U lefi !i and if there wise:;!.i: me filuatioii, or ^rca; ia lie would he othcrwiie. urch, tlicv put oil ilicr there with them, nr iHc loii lor any ihiii!", by ilit ihcy come oiii ul ilii kiis the ilirelhuld, x\i ilid fay what prayer i!vv :onie out attain, and dior les are lull ol' picturf;, 1 nailed upon the uai;-, nly :han paltry prints m n relief, ever appears in tlii.s would be recl< iieil hey do not wear a crofs the top of the ball «f i BRUCE's TRAVELS ro discover the RIVER NILE in EGYPT. 67H il,f femliels, or llandard, bocaufe it calls a fliadc; but il,i.f^. is no doubt that picliircs have been uled in ihcir (hiirclie* from the very earlied age of ( hrillianity. Ihc Ahvlliniaiu receive the holy iacraincnt in both Itinds 111 unleavened bread, and in the grape bruiled viiih tl"-' hulls together as it grows, lb that il is a kind of m^rmalaile, and is given in a Hat fpoon : whatever ihev I"''* pretend, Ionic mixture frciiis iiei ell.iry to l^j.qi It lioiii l..riiieiitalion in the (tale tint it is in, uii- |j,|, ilu- lined duller is frelh bruiled jull before it is nicd, I'T II '» linh" more lluid than the loninion inai • nijladc of coiifeflionersj but it is pcrletlly the grape i[ ijrew, biiiiled, Hones and Ikin together. Some mciiis however, have been uled, as Mr. liruccfiip- noles, I" 1)11 vent lenncntation, and make it keep; ^i,j though tins is eoiillanlly denied, be has often tlKnii;ht he tailed a Mavuur (hat was nut natural to the yr lllelf. .\ (iii.intiiy of excellent flrong wine is made at Drciila, louih-well from ("lOiKlar, about thirty miles, ^l,i,;h woiilil more than fiipply the (piaiuity necell.iry |iir ilie celcbiation of the etichaiilt in all .Abyllinia iweiitv nines over. The people thcinlLlves are not loud of vtiiie, and plant the vine in oin- place unly; 1,11 a liiull black grape, cd an evcellent llavour, ijrnws plentiiuUv wild in every wood in I'lgrc l.ari;e pieces ol bread arc given to the comnnini- cams III propoitiiMi to their ipiality; and Mr. liruce has leeii ^re.it men, who, though they opeiw d their miMiihs as wide as conveiiienily a man can do, yet, f[()ni ihe relpeit the priell bore hini, lucb a portion ^,f iIk- loaf was put into bis niouili that water ran friiii his e\es, tioin the incapacity of chewing it, vihich, however, be docs as indeccntl)', and wilb lull as much noife, as he eats at tabic. ,\ftcr receiving the lacramciit of the cucharill in both kinds, a pitcher of water is brought, of which the cdininnnicaiit drinks a large draught; and well he needs It to wall) down the cjuaniity of bread he has lull Iw.illowed. lie theli retires from the Heps of the inn^ r divilimi, upon which thcadminincring priell Hands, and, tiirinng his face to the wall of the church, in prnatc lavs loiiic prayer with fecming decency and aaciiiion. The ,\hyirmians are not all agreed about the Rate of fouls briorc the refurrettinn of the bodv. I'he opniioii which geiierallv prevails is, that there is no third Hate: but that, alter the example of the thief. the l(. Ills of good men eiijov the hralilic vidoii iinnic- dia'ely upon the leparation from the bodv. I'beir circumcilioii is pci funned wuli a lli.irp knife, or razor. 'I'here is no laceration with the n.iiU, no formula or repetition of winds, nor any ieli:;itiiis ccrcmoii) at the lime of ibc operation, nor is it done ai any particular age, and generally it is a woman that Is the lurgi on, J'hcrc IS another retemonv which rc'^uils the women alf), ,iiid wimli Mr. Bruce c.ills in:J,,ii. .'\s loon as a iie.ir relation dies in .Miylliiii.i, a ItoiIkt or p.irent, coiilin geriii.iii or lover, every woman in lh.it relation, Willi the ii,iil of her little linger, which 111'' leaves long on putpol,-, cuts the Ikiii ol both her ti iiiples, about the fi/.e of ii (ixpcnee; and iherelorc )oii lee either a wciuiid or a fur in rvery lair face in ,\l)) lliiiia; and in iIk- dry lealon, when the camp is out, from the lols ol friends, ihev feldom have liberty to heal till peace, and the ,iriiiy return with the r.iins. The AbylTinians, like the anciciil F.gvplian.s, their 111 I colony, in coinpiiiiii;; their liiiii-, luue continued tlu' iiie of the lol,ir year. T luy h.ive another way peculiar to tliemlelves; they re.id the whok; of the ioiir cvangelills every year in their chinches, lliey begin with M.itthew, then proceed to .\l,irk, f.ulse, and John, in order; and wluii they Ipeak of an event, they write and lay it happened in the days of Mat- thew, that is, ill the lirll ipiartcr of the vcar, whili; the golpel of St. Matthew was yet reading in the churches. The\' compute the time of the day in a very arbitrary , irregular ni,iiincr. The twilij^ht !.■! very Ihiirt, alnioll imperceptible, and u.is dill more low hen the court was removed further to the loiitli- ward in Sboa. As lomi as the fun f.ilU below liic hori/.on, ni^ht comes on, and ,ill the liars appear. This term, then, the twilight, tliiy clioole for the beginning of their da\ , and ca'l it \,ig;;e, which is the very time the nulight of the iiiorning lalts. The fame isoblcrved at night, and MeCet is meant to fignify the inllant of beginning the twilight, between the lun's falling below the horizon and the Itars appearing. Midday is by them called K.ihr, a very old word, which lignifies lulir.i'ulion, or a thing's being ariived or placed at the iiiuldlc or Inghell part of an arch. All the rell of times, in converlation, they delcribe by pointing at the place in the heavens where the lun then was, when what they are defcnbing happened. C H A P. III. Mr. Bw I'CE appiintrd Crurrmr of Rai el Ftt! — Acouut nf tiu- Battle of Banja—Coufpiracy againft Mulad — Br j\riplion of Ci.!.ir, Emffiu, u'lj Likf fzj/u — A I'ljil to the great Catara'l cf A!a!a—Mr. \i\ . ' ^ t^f> ■v: u 4^ m '\4k.,4%- tli;U lu- h.ul l)ri>iii;lit t<) Fa^iltn, li.iil likrn poUclIion of llmo, i!ic iilvi.il ])Luc 111 his rcliilciu c. Afu-r I'.ilil's (kl'i.it ,u I'.ii',ill,i, ami llic iillront Ir- rcctivi I .'I Alloa III (Ik' heart ol his own coiinivv, l.c had coiitnui.J hi> route to l'>iirv', adilliicl oi tl'.t A^ows, w JRic was his coiiliaiit rd' liiice. Alter this he had eroded the N'ilc i.ilo the loiiiitry of liizanio; and 15oro dc (;ai;o iiad taken ii|) his relideiice it liriie, when Mieli.ul reniiiud to (ioiidar; but no looiur had he h.eaidof his ariival in thofe parts, tiiaii lie marrlu'd with a nuiiilKi ol liorle, and I'oiced his ri^al to roll e to (".ojaiii. A \trv ohlliiiate battle was foiijilit at Harija, in wliiih ilie Agon's were eiitiielv deleand b\ iaiil, ieV(.n of tiieir cljifs killed, all men ol (;ie.it eonleciu-nee, ,r;iuii)^ whom was Ayaniico, :i very near relation ol' the kin:^. 'I'he news w, < liill hroiii;lii bv a Ion of Xaniia Oeori;i,- el'iel < ■ t'.:: A^ous, who elcaped from tlie battle. MKl'.ael v.jsai dinner, and Mr. Uniee was prelent. It was out of his earoiilals for ihe niarri.i;; ' ' • I'owull'.'n, when voim* ("•e<'r^is e.mu' inli) the room, in .1 torn a id ilirt) liabii, tinatleiided, am! .il- molt unpercen . il, and pitleiiled hinilVlf at the loot of the taiile. N'licl'.ul had liicii in Ins hand a eiip ol gold. It beini; tiie e.VLlnliw pi i\ ile;;e of |l e governor ol the pro VI nee of rij;ic to diiiik out of bu h a cup j it was lull ol winej bel ne a word w,is Ipoken, and, upon tie livll appcai.ince ot the iii.i", he iiirew the cup .Old wine upon the i;'ouiid, and 1 1 i d out, " I am gililly ol the death id thele people." Kver\ one arole, the tabic was leniovcd, and (leotnis told his misfortune, that Nanna ('.e.M;;is his lather, /.ri .ii.d Dara, there loj.iin the tiuopvol H(•^l nidrr ami \in bari, I rols the N'le at the iiiouih of thv' hike, ,J)ov( the Iccond cataract, as 11 is railed, and man h ihenee flrainht 10 J> iM , whuh, b\ Ipctiiv man lis, imi;ht l>c dtii.e 111 liv( .r li\ days. Norefobi; on .\ a ' » er ei:iliraecd wiih nioteal.u ii(\ , the faille ol i' e Vijows was iJu- taille of (ioi.,ljf, ..1 famine would elle immt-diiicly follow. J lie kx.K s troops .iiul iholc of Mil li.u I w ( le all readv, and I -'d J nit r. Iiedii il iiieinleKes In a week s leltn it) . (,u(ho and I'owuffin, aflri hasiii^ Iworn to Mich.ael lli.it llu V iuv(i would ((iijin w.iioiil I'alil » head, de- camped next inormnj; Willi very diireicnt (>.(< iilioiis in ihs.r hearts; I'.r no (ooih r had ibcyfi<(lly (javc Mr. Bruce the life of, with this advice, however, which at the tiiTiP he did not undeill.iiul, ratiier to go on to Arrihara with him, For lie would there (ooncr lecowt his healih, a.d be inure in ijuiet, lli.in willi the king or Nficharj. As llie kiii'.{ was to pals imiiu diately under this town, anti as moll of thole ihat lo.ided and iiiiloadid lii!> tents anu n iL!t>age were Mahonn'tans, and lived at Kmfras, he tould not be belter litiiated, Cr iiMire at his lifieny and e.de ih.in at Kmlrai. Gofidar, ilic metropolis ol Abylfniia, it liiuaicd II niMilv " toiiliiis of upon a hill of condderahlc height, the to'p ol plain, on which the town is placed. .lb, nil ten il.oiiland familier, in times of peace. iC hollies arc clitelU- of cl.iy, the roofs thatched jn il,, form ()l cones, which isaiwa\sthe conllrirt-tioii wiilv the tropical rains. On the well end td' the town k the king s hoiil'e, fornierU a llrutliirc of confnlci c()nle(]uence; it was a Itpiare building, llaiikcil wri (tpi.ire lowers; it was formerlv four llories hii;l|. ^...1 from the lop of il, h.id a m,!L;nilieeiit view of a|| .1 ' coiinli)' louihwaid to ihc Like ol ']'/.,in;i. (Jrciii) ., of this lioule is now in rums, l-.aving been hiiriii diHirent limes; but llicie is llill ample I nl^unt im] , two lowell Ihiois of it, the aiidicn.echaniher bii'u above one hinulred and twenty h it long. "" Ml. Ilruce kit (Jondar the ,^th of Apiilal clulit o'clock in tl-ie moining, and the next day arrived 31 Kmfias, alter a very plcilanl, lhoii.,li not inlcrclliim exciirlion. '! he town is lituaied on a Iteep hill ,,, ] the w.iv up lo It is abm II perpcti licular, like iliciltci of ,. ladder. I'l-.e houfes are all placed about il;, middle of the hill, IVonlmg the well, in nuttiher a|,Mi,'t 'O;. .Miove tliefe lioules are g. miens, (,r r.i.iii- lields, lull of liees and bullie-, wilhoui anv l,ai uf order, ii)) lo the very lop. Kmlr.is commands .1 M^y of the whole hike of IVaiia, and p.irt of ihc ciiinn... on the other lule. It was once a io)al reliihiicc. Oi ,1 I all lull IS a hoiife of llal/e ilannes, 111 loriii cj , hjii-'e lower, now going lall to ruin. I he lake of Iz.ina is nnu h the largert exp,info m' w.iter known 111 ih.it countiv. Its extent, hdhovn has been grea'ly ex.iggcrated. Its gre.iicit hrctci.i IS 55 mile.*; but It decreafes gre»ilv at each e\irinu;\ win re it IS not lotneiitnes above ten miles brii.Kl p, I le.ilell lei';;ih i< .|i) miles from iiorih to lijiii|i_ ,,|i,| wliiih evieiil tins hike h.is in length. In iIr' li .. nainih;, from October lo March, the Uke fin;,;. , '.'really in li/.e; hut after thai all lliole rivers an- !,.! which .ire on eveiy bde of 11, and lall inio ilu' la^v like radii drawn to a centre, li.en it fivell.«, and cy.'. Icinis iilell into the plain coiimry, and has of c()ii!!i; a much larger furl.ice. News was received - 11 the liili of Mjv, that il • knigbad man hed to I edda, and on lliei,-ih Mr r.iiueaiid bis friei.ds I lard the king's kelticdraiih. I I iivdive of ihele iiillrumenls conllaiitly );,) bcf.nv hiin, beating all the way while he is mi Ins maic!;. I U- iMahometaii town iieit the water was phmdi,,.! II iiiunu'e, hut the inb.ibiiaiils had long hclotc 1; ni'ived every thing valuable. I'.atly on the i4ih, Mr. lUiice mounted his Lorl' v :tli ai! his nil n Id vaiils, leaving the vvoiiieii Km, .11, d an old mm 10 take care of the boule. li •.; ■, V ir\ unlale to n ivel in bull company al bii li ,111 hoii! 1 Illy as II was, the king was then in council, and Kj, Mm I.,.' I, who had bis .dvilers allemhicd alio m |; , I III, had jull left it to go lo the king's. f lure vi,;- .I'lOiii .-^oo yaids bi iween their tent':, .md afrti' .im';.. I ( oiill.iiiil\ leli, III whubii isailinie 10 lljnd, . 1 evrn to uols, iinlef^s f'.ir nuliongers leiil liiuii il„ one ID the other. \)ur traveller took an oppotiuntv ol paying a vifii to the jjieai taiarutl of Alata. IL fii't ihmg our naveller was (hewn wa.i ilie Inili, which lonlill.t of one areli of about tweiiiylivc Im broid. h'ragmenis of the piirapets rciiiaincd, .iiiilil;!.' htulgc lllcll It r-ined to bedf the appearance of Ire- tpniu repairs, and many attemiiis to ruin it; (yiini. wile, in Its conllriiUion, il was exccdllngly coimiin dioils. 'Ihe .Nih In re is < iiiifined between Uo rmk., and runs in a deep irougl), wiib great roaring and iiii- peltioiis velociiy. They were told no crocodilciwirc ever feei) Co high, anj were obliged to remniiiii the dream above lulf a nnle before they canic to liic calaiad, through trees and buflns of a beauiibil and ilelighilul a|>pcar.mce. '1 he caiaud iifell was j iroll magmluent fight. The miflmnaiies f.iy lia- l.ill is about fixteen ells, or fifty feet. The mealiiniig is, indied, very ddliciili ; but, by the |)(iliiiuii of loiu; Hick], and poles id dillercnt leiigilis, at diHcirni heights of [he rock, from the water'* edge, Mr. Jlriite iliiiiks m WKLS. eight, ilic t;tli. In i|,e ,; ., 1ar.li, the Ukc flinnn all liiole rivers arc fi;!| , and fall nim the lal.i-, ine:i it Iwells, and ex! mry, and has of cou;lc lith of Mjv, that il;- and on the i-,ili, Mr. he kind's kcliicdraiiu. ;s conllanily i;,) bi.f>ir,' iilc he IS on his mauh. le water was phmdiril nts iiad loiii; helutc 11 ice niounied his hur,'-, 111)5 the woiiuii IcnjiH o( ilic iioule. It U.1, mipaiiy at Inih aiiliuiir hen ill coiiikiI, arul Ha. ■s aliemliled alio 111 !;., ■ king's. 1 here was triit ., and a free avcm., l< a slinie III llaiid, Mt li>ni;ers lent tiuiii ilu ler look an oppntiuniv aiaratl ol Alaia. I he Ilu-wii was tile hiil^c, about twcnivlivc feci ipiTs reiiijimd, aiiiltlic ihc appeaiaiue of Ire- iiijiis to rum It; oiliii. IS e\ce(dliiglv eiiiiiiiiii ed helwccn mo rnik", I great roaring and iiii- old no crocodiles wire iliged to rfinoiiiit li.e ! t. The medliirni;; 1$, ' tile |ioliiiiiii of loiii; lengths, at dilfcrrnt atei'j edge, Mr. Ilnice iliiiikt ,,ii;^j ii is nearer I.Mly feet th.ri any oilier iiie.iluro. i,j liver iiad luvn conruleraMv incie.ileil liy rains, ', i liil ill ^""^ llieet of water, wuh'-nt anv interval, idvc h'lll '"' J'-'K'i'h mile in hrcadih, with a force 11,1 nolle lliiil was iriily trriible, and wliicii Ihinned, „j iii.'iie liiii'i lor a time, pcrfectiv ili/./}'. A thick ,;. ,ir haze, covered the fall all roiinil, and hung vci thecoiirfe of the llieain both above and below, vukiiii; it* "'"^'s, though the water vi'as not feeii. 'IMu' .^■~r, ihou^h iWclled wiib rain, prelerved its natural iiiiels, and fell, as f.ir as h<; could difcerii, into a poi'i or bai'iii, ill the folid roek, which, was r.;jiiy h\ and ill twenty iliirereiu eddies to the very foot oi ,:.• nrccipiee; ihe (lieam, wlu-n it fell, feemmgpanof ■ ijiuii biel'. with great fury upon the roek, ,is well forward in • ho, coiihned be- |>C'H llie Nile, the |eiiima, and the lake, liad no vjvtu rciurii but thai liy wliiib lliey had c.'iiu. 'I'lielc ji'inaU, fndiiijj men in cverv dircclion in whitb ihey 77- atteinpted to p.ifs became del, (.rate with le.ir; and, not knowing uli.it com It: to i.ike, fell a prev to llic troops. The foldiers, hippy in an oecafion ol p.o- euriiig iiiiiii;il food, pre!, inly IlII to bring wheicvtr ihe beads appcued ; every loaded gun was dileharged upon ihun, and this continued for very near an boiii'. His majelly and K.is Michael were in tiie moil violent agiialion of mind; llioiigb the caiife was behiic their eyes, yet the \Vv)rd went about that Woodagc .'Vl.ihel had allaeked the army; and this occafioned a gre.it panic and dilorder, lor every bodvw »s <:onvin<:t d with realoii thai he w.is not l.ir oli. The hung, how- ever, coiuiiiiiid, the b.ills (lew ahtiul in every direc- tion, foiiic few vere killed, .ind many people an. I horles vseie liuit; dill they bred, and Ras Michael, at the door of his lent, crying, ihre.iieiiing, and tearing his grey locks, found, i\\i- a few iiiiiiutes, th;'. army was not under his command. At this mllaiit, Kafmali N'eteho, vsbole Fit .\urars b:id fallen back on his from, ordered his kettle-drums 10 be beat beb)re be arrived in the king's pielente; and tliis being heaid, without it being kiioAii geiier.ill) v;\.i> thev were, occafioned ainitber |>.iiiie. i'he king or- dered his tent to be pit. bed, his llandard to be bt up, bis ilrum.i to beat (the ligiiai for encamping; and i the bring iniP;cdiately cealed. i'ltit it w.is a long while belore all the arn.y could believe that W'oodags: Alibel had not been eng;iged with loiiie part of it ti.at day. Mr. Bruce coming up with the army, be alked one of the generals, whiiher they were now inarebing:' He laid, that as bion as tlic news of the confpiracv were known, a council was held, where it was thegeiier.il .k the fupeiior, and two of the leading men of th .• monks, aw ay with him to tiondar ; Icveial of the ot.' . rs were killed and wounded, with- out provocation, liy the foldurs, and the red dilperled through the couiiiry. Thev arrived about four on the banks of the Nile, and took pollellion in aline ol .ibout 600 yards jf ground. I'rom the lime they decamped from Coga, the\ had violent ram, iluinder, lightning, i'V:c. 'I'lie .Vbvdinian :irmies pals the Nils: at .ill lealons. It rolls wall il no trees. Hones, nor impedimentsi yii the light of fucb a inonllrous nials of watcrtcriibid our travt llei, and made him thi.ik the iilea of eroding would be laid alide. It was plain in the face of every one, that tliey gave ibenilelvcs over lor loll; an univerlal ilejettion bad taken place, and it was but 100 vilible th.at the army wa.s deleated jjy the weather, without having leen un enemy. A cold and brilk gale now l'()ruiig up ai N. \V. wuh a clear Inn; and foon after four, when the army ar- rived on the banks of the Nile, tliclc temporal y tor- 8 1 rents ■r ..< m ii,i ? ^ IIP i| iR'l*::)*! 6:8 NF.W COLLECTION of VOYAGKS an-h TRAVELS. rents \\-:\c all fublidcil, ilie luii was hot, and ll-.c ground ii^aiii hccoiniii'; dry. K.is Muh;i( Is 1- it-Aur;ui!i, with ii'oout .joo inrn, li;id p,iiridiii the iiioriiing, an(i iuul lent back vonl to tho kiMf^, that his men had p. died Iwiminins;, and with verv great ditlicullvj that he doubled whether the horles, or loaded mules, could erol's at any rale; bni il it were relolved to make tlic trial, they (hoidd do it immediately, wiihoiit llayinj; till the increalc of the river. He laid beth hanks wire loiiiiiofed of black carih, (lippei\ and mirv, whiih would bcenme more In when luales had puddled il ; he ndvikd, above all, the turning to ihe ri;;ht immediatciv alt^r coming .dhore, in the dircfclion in which he had lixed poles, as the earth there was hard and firm, belides fiaMUf; the advaiitajjo oi lome lound Ihmes, wliidi biiviicierr. the bcifts (Voni (lipping a youir; man, a relation of the kiMi;, l>r()thfr lo A.va:nico, killed at ihe liatileoi Jlanja; be walked in wiaii j^real c*uuoii, iiiaikii^^ a track lor tlu' ^iiig to pi*i*. lie had jniic upn;i rather folld '^rou w), al)t>i»r twr,- ihr len^ih of his i-orfe, when he plrf^ncd out of us depth, and Iwani to llir other )i Jf. riic kiii'^ IoIUhkJ hiin immediately «rres on eaiii lide i>t him, in a manner truly wmi- dcrful. lie (eeimJ to have lolt his accullomcd c.ilm- jieis, and apT^cared a ^oud deal a^^aaicd; liiibade, upon pain oi deill:, am one lo folKiW liini directlv, (ir to Iwim over, or, as ilicir ciiltoin is, lu>lrtiin> their mules bv ihe tad. As foon as thrle wt»e la! iv aftloie, the kind's boulehoKi and bl.»ck Irocpj, i^nd Mr. Biiicc Willi liieni, advaiiced cautiouflv iiku ine river, and (warn hanpilv over, in a deep l)rr.im ol reddilh coloured »»iei which ran without vk liner almott upon a levri. I'ach horh man had a mule in h. . hand, uhieh Iwam alier him. or Iin his lide, ■,« ;:li his Cou ol mail and head-piei r lied upon ii. It is ii^ipol". (iWe todelcrib<- il.r coidiihon thai (ollowrd ; iiii{! t wan hard upon llurn, and, th'Uii^h it inercaleil their iu(<, ii, 111 V)teat mealiire, fo.icealed it ; a thoulaiul men had not vet palled, tlioui'h on mules and hoilc*.; nuny niirrd in the iniuMy landing-place, tell hack in tlic flr..:in, and weie i ,ii lied away and drowned. OI ilic hfirle htUin;;lnn to tl;e kind's houlehold, one hundred and cij^lity in number, levenonlv were milling; wiih thcMi .'\)t'i .\\lo, \ ice-chamherlain to the er , hut ilif Kas hid made Or.oro l-.llher paU over in the fame manner he had trolled himlell, many fwimniin^ oiieaih lide of her mule. She would have lam Haul on the call lide, but it was in v iin to remonllraic. She wai wiih child, and had fainted (everal time*; bnijet rioiliiim could prevail with the Rn.i to tiiill licr III the bank till morniin;. She i rolled, liowcvi r, fafcly, though alnvll dead wiili (ni;ht. The Mij{ht was cold and ileal, iid a ilroiii,; wind at ii()rth-'«i(t li.id 111 iWM all ihe alii I nil III. The river had abated towaidn in:., and thole ilmt coiili Iwini licrnied heU olF. Amo Avio, the (juceii's tliainbvrlain, and IccIa .Vlariain, were probably drowned at ihe fiifl .Itteeipt m | as they were never alier lieaid of. IJcfou- dav u'l the van and the cenire had all joined ilic kintT.'Vl number thai had pcrilhefl was never dillinElK. r I lor thole that were milling were thought to ha v"'*^' I maiiied on ihe oilier (idc with l^elta VafiMn \,\"^'\ lor that day. • 3> li,f|j kcfia Y.d'ous eroded Amlac OMi.t, on ij.p ,5,. with lome tiegrce of dillicully, and was oMipfY'S abandon leveral ha;;..iage mules. He adianaj ,1.!,' " this with a< ;;roat (iili;5eiice as p.dlible to Dft^'i^'l",' ' and found ihe liud. ihoiiidi deep, much beiier' ,1,' '' , l-.e exper'ed. He had piiehed his lem on the |,,'a road to (;ondar, hei'.re Wellcia ^al'ous il,, .„ "" ' knew he was decamped, and of this paffjcc Lc . i mediately adviled Michael, refrefliiiif; hi> irow, ff any emergency. About two in the alieriionn V' Icia Yah'in appeared with his l-.orli: on die oiher |/,! tif the Nile, hut il was (beii too late. Krll.i \^f ' 1 was lo ltio:it;ly polled, and ihe banks ol i|,p ji^.^/,' guarded wuh hic-ainu, down lothe wnified-f ii.! lalil and all his army wouh! not have d;irfd m"^,!. ' " 111 ... *li[C!^rn tlir palla>;e, or even api. roach the banks rf iherv W hen Kas Mi. hael received iliis it.iclligrncf 1 f 1 difpaithrd Ihe 1 ii-Auraris, .\elcho, to take pofl'„„ on the lord ryfti order, briii,.\rp. Ill h.ornsaiKl (mad wfioden bottler, forked m Iik'u tiunncr as l<> fcr feeiired fiom w.fier of aiiv ki ■' Killa ^^.|l.us rherelorr, bein^ in poffelTion'of Ij ♦'•';;«■');'■. }«'««!**■, and the provi(i(:M.v a jimdiun v-^, him was aM'.lnielv n.-rellary, atid flwy C.Kprcicd i.i elliti this ..• Wainade^a, ahoiii iweniy milej f„)n li.eir lad ni4ht\ ipititcis. lietween tw^elve aiiHiv; ibev heard the Kit-Aitraris en;5«ge(J ; and iher • i.', ftiarp(iriM>; on Ixjih ddes, which loon ccafed. ,\' . chael jjfdond b;s ariny iiniiu-djaiely tol-ali; I-.- ■• t the kini{. and iJilh-iMna Ciieta 'I'et la, iomm.,ml,i the van; Wellct:* .Mii liael, and Atio Tv., he ordered two hoilenen li go full gallop alui;;t {,'• eal» lide < I the hill, ihe low road to Wahiidfi^i, n wain Kella Yalous of y.iltVs bi ing near at h.iii(l ; ic likewife diittled the f 11 Aufuris to advance ciii;- oiillv till he i.ad feeii Fali', and to pwrl'iie no ji.un tliai Ihniild retre.ii h< lore him. Sh< li y ii'ier. l'"d(il xppi-iirid at the top ,,ftheh;', with abo .1 ,JoX) horfe. (1 »,m ,1 (mc (inlii, liui [W evening w i,« /eg'iming to be overcift After hav;; ; taken a full vi* w / tfic army, ihey all bt'^an 10 mov; (b)wly down the fiiH, Iv.-aiing ihcir keiite ilruiii>. K.ifil lent d<.»rn a party lo niirmilii with ihrle ; anl be hindeif halted aftir b.iMng niade a (ew p.ici • down the hill, (he two bodies of liotlt niei jull Kill way, and mingled logeilu-', as appe.iied 11 leall, wirh veiy (i--f(.n-,lnv.|,,.;,' ^Iljoiiieci the km,,, ;',,' ^ never (li(ti„aij,|.„„^^.;^' I' Ivt ltd Vafoii,, a, i^.jjII iliic ())^h,i, on ill BRUCE's TRAVELS ro nisrovER thk RIVER of the NILE in EGYPT. 679 Ity. and wa. ,A^^,('S lies. ncydv;i.,cta»l.^ as podib!!; to iW.y,,,', •it' p. much heiicriK,,' i-is ti-rn ontlif lri,i, lieu Valous. ,l,e cncmv I ol this pad'agc he j-'| ii»irfhinj. hii'iro„;„f,'|,' ) ill tlu- artrriionn 'uy s I'.orl'y on ilic oilier |„ J Kiolato KdL, Yafo,; ilic bankw)f i|,o river fJ II I'ltlx: w.itri- e(i;5e, ih.. noth.ivcdiircdtnliJen.;,'! ■Ii llu-|,,uik^ rfihcr:vrr. vcd iliis iMtlli;>rnce, ij Ni-liho, 10 l.ikc po!l'„pJ '•">?<' river, bin r,v|. r c niilf.« oR-. Mclumfelf 111?, aixl p,,m'd iIk Kriti line; he ihcn advjic'd he arni>' hi-qan lo ivjtr, ihjt li.id hccii broujv. i hid tnkfn will, ;htrr,| ■in.; iliii ni;:lit a,-d ,1,1 d too, ihat ihc men had ihrm ha\i,iq rcciu:;;-(i iiiini; of il.f ,1 er. hui ffKHl order, brin^ krpt KXilc-. rr.^ ,! hrd a liiilc fui'hcr, ]:- 1 1 was not I'lns; hffiir- ijjcr-t ai rived, nmnip^ icli v.M i;,-)t ab^ luictv I liiiin s under cover of the niulqueli)', and a very lew horfes of Fulil'.s were* earned in aluni; with iliem, and llain by the l(jldier.s on the lidc of the 1,111. On the kind's lidc, no man of noic was mining [ml Welleta MirhacI, nephew of Ra.s MithacI, whole jiiirfc falling, he wa.s ta'.^en piiloner by laid, and carried off. Xow the whole army advanced at a very hrifk pace, hoopinq and ftriamiin;, accordini; 10 their culloiii, in a nioll l.ardi atiti b.iiharous maniu'r, cry- jiiijdut Ilatxil' All ! but ! ,iiii, who (aw tiic liirwaid tiHiiiienanec of the kin;'',\ troopn, and that a few niiiiiites would lay bini under nctediiy of rilkiiif; a biule, which hf ilid not iniend, withdrew his troops at a linart trot over the iuiouth downs, rcliirniiu; inwards Holkon .Vblio. Tins is what was called the bailie of L.iinjour, from a \illai;e burnt by Kas Micliai'l lalt camp nun. The Ra^, who law th.it la- 1,1 would ni-'i li^hl, ealily prnetrated his r Vali)u>. 1 lii.^ general encamped upon tlu- tiicr .\voley, leaviii)» his ic. 's and baggage iiiulir a propel guard, and had marched with the bill and licliiill ol Ills iroop< lo join .Michael before ihe en- j.j;ciii:ht. All wa» joy at meeting; rverv rank of nicii Joined in e.violling tim merit and coiiiluet of their leaders. N'fXt day the army marcln-d lo Dinglchrr, .i high h:ll, nr roik, approai fiiiig lo clofc lo the hike ai Icircelv to leave a p.illagr l>e!ween. I pon the lop of this rink is the king's houlf. As they arrived very carlv iheie, and were now out of Fahl's governnieiii, ;hc king inlilUd upon ireating Ras Mieiiael and all li;i- pei'jile ol eoididciation. I'nrortunaiclv, how- tvcr, when hi.v majclly (at down to dinner, an aeii- (iciil luppeneil thai oeealioned great tiepidation .iiivi! :g all liK lirwilils. A black eagle w,i> chafed :!,;j ill-' king's tent l>> fome oi the buds of prey that hover al>«>ut the camps and it was after in the mouth (.ftvi'rv one, that the king would be dethroned by a nun if inferior birth and ccnidition. Kvery body at thdi :<'"iM' looked to Kalil: the evciU proved the appli- cjiion fjtl'e, thou:',li '.iie omen wa.« true. I'oviili'cn of Jlcijemdei was as loN'-born as Kafii, as great a traitor, iiui more liifcef»ful, to Vkhoin the oniiii'i\i> |>frl'.«gc p.>.iiicdi and, thdugii we cannot bill lo ik upon the vim'.c as act idem, it was but too (0011 hi :illcils of peace, ,ii;(l 'citliuiit Atnir,; ihcy were known to lie two of his {ri.Kipal lervant», were }(rave, genteel, niiddle-aged r.uii. They h'ld an audience early after llieir com- iMj, lirll of ilie Ras, then of jhc king. 'I Ley laid, ,.,'.i! (.11(1 truly, that I'alil has! repalled the Kelii, was Oil. .imped on the oppolitc lide. and was not yet joiii- illiv U'ellcta 'I'.ifous Their errand wa^, lodelire iliJt the Ras nnglit not i'.iiigiu' his men by iinnccella- tiiy liiiriymg onto (loiidar, beeaufc he f /Ui rclf (iiiirej of receiving no fuithcr moleltaii-^' (turn falil llieir mailer, as he was on his march 10 I6\iti. They iiild the Ras the whole of the conlpiracy, as |j' ai It regarded him, and the agreement lllat I'.ivoill. 11 and (liiflio 1 ai! made wiih their malicr lo I'lnuiiiid him at Dirdera: il'.c\' nieniioni d, morc- iiwi, how leiidlile Kadi was ol iheir trcalon towards l.iin; thai, inlliadol' k'rpingihcir woid, ihev had leit him to engage lUi-, jung and the Ras .s whole force, Ji 11 iiiuc when ihey knew the gieatelf part of Ill's (idlU troop.* were retired to the other lide of the Nile, and could be aircinb . d with dilfieulty : that if 1110 ka'i hy chime had crolfid at Delakus at Kefia UiiiiihaU (Kiiie, inilead u( cniburraliiiig till ariny among the rivers of Maitflia, and crofling the N'ile at that molt dangerous jiLice near .'Viiil.ic-Oiiha (a paf- fage never before attempted in the rainy feal'oii; the conl'e(|iieiice would have been, that he mull have either fought at groat dif.itlvantage with an inferior aiinv ngaiiill l!;e Ras, or have retired lo Metehakcl, leaving his whole countrv to tlu mercy of his encmic;. F.ihl declared his reloliiiioil never again to appear in arms againll the king, but that he would hold his go- vernment under him, and pay the accuilomcd taxes punclually: he piomiled alio, I'r.dt he would reno',ine'.i all manner of connct-liou with (Jullio and rownlleii, as he had already done, and that be v.oiild take ihc held againll them next feafon with his whole force, \%henevcrthc king ordered liiiii. The nieden- ger-; concluded, with deliring ilie Ra; to give Faiil his granddau-hur, Welleta Sel.illee, in marriagi^ and that he would then come to Goiidar without diftrult or appreiiciilion. 'i hough the Ran did not believe all this, ho made no diirieulty in agreeing to every thing that lluy delncd. He promifed the grand-iiaughiei ; and, as earnell of his believing the rell, the king s two nagareels were brought lo the dotn- of the teni, where, to the ver\ great furpiil of our iravellerN, they lieard it proclaimed, " I'.ilil is governor of the Agow, Maii(ha, (io)ain, and Damot ; proljjeritv to him, ami long may he live a laiihfnl lervant to the king our malter!" — This was an c,\traordiiiary revo- lution in io linall a fpacc of lime. Il was Karce 43 hours lince I'alil had laid a fdieinc for ii, ai\d Iw.iy- ed, I'lr ever, by ridieulons otnen.'.-. He imagined .Mr. Hriice competent in tli. talk of foretelling, cipe- cially will n he talked wiih conlideiice of liK Ipeedy return — " I ia n " ;^l,i\ s he, in an humble, rompl.iining lone) "villi, 'S agoube, could tell me il y ou pleafed, whether I lliall 01 not return in laieiN, and what is 10 befall ine : thole iiillruments and thole wheels, willl which yoi' ate lo lonllantU Im'', Mkj n the liars, can icriainly be lor no oilier ufe rf *H prying into fulii- riiy. ' Mr. Btiice aflured him, (hat thele were only inllrumenti lo guide Ibips at le.i and which all iravel- |. rs ret)mr»d 111 older to mark i!;e ro.ids ihey take, ih^, brii*^ uiiie traced, ilu'\ niigiii thus be made known 10 phecies and divinauons by itftrj. BOOK :n^'f:j <)8o NEW COLLKCTION ok VOYAGES and TRAVELS. i. m .-' l-h BOOK II. CHAPTER I. Mr. \\v.\:i:]:.'i Sfmnii Jcurucy to difcover the Soiiire r/ tbf Ni!c- An hilcriiiiv ^i'/tb Ft:!:! —Ills C'h,u\if',y '^. Jnurnei) cnnlimifd — Ihev p,ifi the Xile — Arrive at Goiitio — \Jriiiiit,uiis cf the Mnon — DijUmulalion r,;' ly^./^ij^ Bhuck's Bebaziour to him — A Rir':iuiIt\iiio)i, (rr. — Arrivul at the Souree of tbe .\i/e — Ilrjlripllon tl:ne'>r~\i,. ^9.\ict.'s Rfception amo'ig the Iiih.sHianIs — Their (.'h.n\u7er, Trade, iJe. iSi-. ON il'.c i'tli of Oflobcr, Mr. Bruce prepared fnr his departure frdin (".ondar. But, about twelve o'clock, lie was told a nu ii'dgc from Ras Michael li.id yrrivcd with <;reai news from I'igrd. He went ini- nicdiateU' to Kol'cam as fall as he could gallop, and found ilicrc Guehra Chrillos, a man ufcd to brinj; the jars of bouza to Ras Michael at his dinner and fuppcr; low men arc always emplovcd on (uch er- rands, that thev iiav not, from their conlequcnce, excite a dcfirc of vengeance. The incdagc that he brought was to o'dcr bread and beer to be ready lor 30,000 nun who were coming with the king, as he had jiiR liecanipi (I from before the mouiiiain Hara- mat, which he had taken, and put /.a Menfus to the iword, with every man thai was in it : this medage ilruck the queeti with i'uch a terror that for the whole ilay after file was invilible. They left r.ondar on the 28th, paffcd the river Kaliha, at the foot of the town, and reached Main- b.i, where I'afil was encamped on the 30th. Bainha is a coliedii)n of villages, in a valley now filled with f.ildiers. 1 hey went to the left with their miide, and got a i.ilerable houfe, but the t wear. Mr. Bruce was unal)le to coiirc. tiirc wf.at he was. .Ayio Aylo's fervant, wlui (i,,.,,! behind .Mr. Bruce, now pudied him with his kna as a fign that he flioiil(l- and, that inllant, .Aylo's fervant took hold of \||' Bruce by the fhouldcr, to hurry him out of iheicni I'alil fcemed to 1)C a good deal concerned, [nr i| . blood llreamcd cut in plenty; our traveller then r". turned to his tcnr, and the blood was foon (launcliid by wafhing his face with cold water. He now wen to bed, ;ind falling into a found deep, was wakeil near mid-niglit by twoof I'alil's fervann, wliobroii'hi eat h of them a lean live fhecp ; ihev l.ii(l tlicv !v. 1 brought the fluep, and were come to a(k h(i\i .Mr Hruec wa«, and 10 day all n^hl to watch tl.c koiil.' lor fear of the thieves in the armv; thev likc\>;lc brought their mailer's order fir him to coincearlv '\'\ the morning to him, as he wanted to dif|ialcli liini ini his journey before he gave the Oalla liheriv to re, turn. This difpelled every doubt, but it raifcd hi fpirits fo much, that, out of impatience for iiioriiH)' he dept xcry little more that night. Fafil, having lent for Mr. Bruce the next iminm; invited hiin to [latlake of a great bre ikfid; liniuv .ml butter, and raw beef in abund.inee, as alio i ir- dewed didics that were very g(s •o prefent when ihev vifit great men 111 ilieir (>w!i couiitr), ..:,d alk favrmis of then)." Mr. llriKctlua took a n.ipkin, and opened il before hini; he IcciiKd to have forgotten the pieleiii altogether; hut (u mcndsium (font eitl^i r ; bclides, I have not Kh.nii > you like ,\ great man." It w'as not .i vcty hiW. Hung 10 conquer thcl'e fcruplcsi he took the li'vtr.il pines ol the prefent one by one in \\\\ hands, andcv- «miiici' Ion. ■^ th :i !aiin Unpe, the one broader llun tit otiici, but live y.TTds long r i« t» ; ihc next wa« .il'i'- fiin I'ipe, wirh a I nij pU»biv tubi , or Wdriti, mvcnil '.villi I tirkev Ir.uh.-r, v* -ih an amber iimiitli |iim., Lrvlliii Irnokmu tobacco ilinin,'' VlilU, VELS. BRUCE's TRAVELS to discover the RIVER NILE in EGYPT. 68 1 ■jll—IHi n.\ir.v'!n; y,-. .)ill!illHlililon r,f ll-'aldi-, \l\ ripllon tbnc,f~\ly_ : r,iw a l)liic nik thread, , wliiti) is a l)uilgc (I a, and whicli a Cail, was unal)lc lo coiijcc- o's firvani, wlio ||„oil lu-d liim with his |;np,^ which he accordinnlv ii;y. Fahl's hchaviour I impcrliiunl, and Mr. niiioii, wasat lallfopro. t iti a Itrcaiii o('bl(«>d; .•ant look hcild of \i, rry iiiiTi out lu to w.Hcli tl-,c houl.: tie army; liu-v likc\s;fo or him to eoineoariv i'l lilted lo difp.iltii him I'll the Calla lilienv lo ro, [loiiht, lint It r.ufcd hi iinpaiitnce lor inoriiin;, iiinlu. liriice l!;e next itiotmn;, at hre iki'ill; Iioikv .iiid imd.iiieo, as alio li;iito y f,oin\. lie was very ;» liner dinner ilie d,iv li exercilc of hodv 3( all very thecrliil, evirv the Arows, or ( f t ■■ tints addu'lL'd I.iIl: he, all ll'.e times 1 lin • power till now m ni.ik is ordinary l<>i lh.ii;;ei. reat men in ilieir (nvii leni." Mr. Iliiue t'uii helorc hiin ; he lecnu'! I aliopether; Imi Iron UMiet'.ance ihaiii;(d, It ) Yai;oiihe, laid he, .i lendlilc that i< peri.U'. iided to me liy the kni; e Iriends and I vioiiM iiiirli 11, wiihuiit fv\ !es, I have not behavrl t w'as not a miv haiii esj he look ihe lever.il )iu- in 1>>^ hands, . index- iiiloii (ilk laih, inade ..• i>, \yiri» A (ilk hini' ii caiitihil a wchof lilk.' a in'ill w.iVfd p.ilicni vellow. with .« ledn.ii (ilver wroM^ht IriP < as the olhcri the mvi cd lalhis, Jills »'>ti (■"'• one hroader llwi> li' l> ; the nevt \va« a IVi- mill , or wiiriti, mvcrid ill amh'i month pun', i^kiiw lobacto tliiiHi.'.'i Vkol'.li ami I . ter a gfC'" '"'^'"'y '" ''"' c-'"'-"''" eouiitiies; the next ',,(. two I'l'-'^ howls, as line as the one he had juft i,",f, hroke.i, and ot the lame lort. I'afil folded up If napl^i" with all the articles, and gave them to an iiicer ; alter which the lent was aj'.iiii cleared for iijiiltalion J and, dtirinj; thi.s time, he had called I > man of conhdeiicc, whom he was to lend with us, iiltnifcled him properly. Mr. liruce plainly law had gained llie alcendant ; and, in the ex- ■rl.ilioii of Ras Michaels Ipeedil) cotning to Gon- i r he was as wiilinj; lo be on his journey tlu- one as he was ilie other. " Friend V.i'^oube, laid , (jj I am heartily lorry that yon did not meet me -I lUiie helorc I let out; ilieie I could have received °,M js I oiii;ht; but I li.ive been tormenteil with a ■„,|titude ol barbarous people, who have luriied my head and whom I am now abmit to dilinils 1 i^o ,j Ooiidar in peace, and lo keep pcice there, for the hniion il''« '"J*-" ''"^ lacaz/.c has no othei friend .-■niiie; I'ownlhen and (iulho are both traitors, and '|i{js Michael 1- iows them lo be. I havi iiotliin^ 1) return V"U for the prelent you have t^iveii me, for I Jd lint expeel lo meet a man like you here iii the „.ljs- bill vou will ipiii kly be back ; wi,- Ihall meet on beticr lenns at (.ondai ; tiie head of the Nile is nfir at hami; a hoi I'e-m.in, exprcfs, will aiiive there •liday. ' have given you a ({ood man, well known ■•iihis country to be my ferva-.t; he will )',o to (leelb v,!ili viiiii ""'^ return you to a liiend oi Aym A\lo - indmiiif, Shahika Welled Amiae ; he has ilv: dan- jtnnn part of the coiintiy whidly in Ins hands, and »illcarrv\ou fafc to doiular; my wife is ai preleiit plus noule, fear noihiii)', 1 fliall aiilwrr lor your hfciv; when will you let out' to-niin ro'v ' ' Mr. Rrucc replied, with inaiiv thanks for his kindiieiN, that he wilhed lo proceed inimcdiauly, and that his (ttvjnti were already far ojf, on iheir way. Here- tpon Fafil addrclled .Mr. Hruce, " I'hiow off thole (oliH's; ihey are not deeeiil; 1 mull nive you new jnri, vi'ii arc mv valfal. The km.; uranied you (itilh, whore vou arc i;oini>, and 1 mull invell you. ' A niimher ol F.ilil s If rs .inis then hurru-d him out; our traveller prelenlly threw otf his trowlcrs, and his HM upper garment.', ami renuincd in his w.iillcoat; ti'eie were ptcfcnily replaced by new ones, and he %ai brought hack in a minute to Falll s tent, with ciilv a hue losife inulliii under garment or cloth riind him, which reached lo his leei. I'poii his (.lining back to ihe leni, Falil took oH ihe one that kc had pal on hiiulclf new in the moriiiii.', and put II about Mr. Brucc's llinihlers with hu own hand, hulcrvanis ttirowmi^ another inimedialely over him, f,i\ini5 ai ihc lame nine to the p'ople, " Hear witnel.s, I jineiovoii, Yanoube, the .\i;ow (leeOi, as lully anil hfclv as ihe king has given it me." Mr. Hruri- bow- fdaiid killed his hand, as is cullomarv for leudalo- rir>, and he iheii pointed to liim lii lit down. " Hear wh.il 1 lay to \ou, coniinued f.ilil, 1 thi:k il ri^lit lor vo« to make the hell cd vi.'ii w.iy 1 1*, l( • "I will be ihe loiiiur back at (tondar. ^auMCC'l ot he ,i!armed .ii ihe wild people who ,ire H..inn»ftei you, ihoiiuli it is beiier to meet them ;vs iK'v are commanded by VVeltciia Yaloii.s '.I i« vour friend, and is very giaiilul for the me 1 •.. ciiies you lent hiin at tlondar : he lias not been able III Ik vnn, being lo iiuicli bulied wiili thole wild p:' ili'.f : hill he loves yoM, and will take c.ire of vou, rlvi i niiill give m- »iorc of that phvik *Hen we iiirt't at l>ond». Mr. Bru.o bo» ■-< »w* h" con- iiimcd— "11 M mo wh»i I Uy ; \»i» K** iiole leven fi'iiple (our (Livelier nc^er Uw more !'"s;l like Fel- iuwi in hi* Ilk; — their *« nil leatlei-- ind chiefs of MV.' (>ali*— Uvagn •! xw pU-^lv ; iiie> ire all yom .1,'cthteii. Yoti HHiv 4{* through ih<'ir country hs it , werr your f)*n» <»4rW«u a niati huriing you: \i>u I *il! '»• Ition rc'ale.'i tttNi arable. 1 hele 'ii<"cs giow leldom above lilies u or lixtecn fi\-t high, then flaiieii .iiid I'proSvl wide at the top, and touch each oiher, while thv trunks are far aluiider, ami under a vertical fun, leave you, iiiaiw mihs to.,'eihei, a lice Ipace to walk in a coid, debs unis Ihad.' Has ing p.dleil lb c Vllo, aiul fever.il villages be- lonj^ing lo tiouiio, tbix had, lot the liill nine, n dillinci view of the lii \r.\V C'OLLKCTION oi- VOYACKS and rRW'KI.S- wiflii'il lor I'lui ol' tln'ir ilaii[;-r(uis ;itul innihl. I' )nu" jiuii I'.i'y. UiirfvT ihis nioiiiil.tm arc llic Coiint.Hns ol llu'N'iii.'i jhmii ihinv niilos, ;i,s iif.ir as tlicv loiild c mjiiiiirc in a llrai^ht lim-, wiiluiut coiiiilin.; llic dcviaiioiK or rrimkcdni'ls of llic road. Ai two ocloi\ 111 ihc it'uTiioDii of the feconcl of Nt)vciiil)i:r, llicy came to i\\c banks of tlic Nile; the palla^jc is vcrv dilhi'ii'.t and (].in^cioiis, the hotloni hciii^ full of holes iiiaile by i ')Mlid.'r.i!)le ll)riiii;s, lii^l t liiikiiii^ laiiil, anil, at everv litiL- dillai re, laru;c rocky Itoiics; tic cadern fide was imuldy and lull ol pits, llic qroiind of il.iv; tlic \'ili- hiie is .ihoiit i!('0 icct broad, and vcrv rapid; its dcpiii .iboiit (our tcei iii the miiidlcof ibcrikcr, and ihe ii ics not above two. Its banks arc (d' a vcrv ;;cnilc, calv lielccnt; the wcflcin lidc is rliiclU oniannnred willi hij;h trees of the ia.iv, or willow trii)c, urowin^ llrainlit, without jfiints or kiMls, and bearing loii!;poinic'ral)le pcilon, who had ab.uid >iicd II upon iheir appro uli, ihinkinj, lliciii pan of raid's aiMiy. 1 luiii:;h this habit.ilion was of iilc in priitcdin^ tlu-in fmni the poor, yei it hmi liuni bv alarrninij, and '.> depriving ibciii ol the aiiill iiue ot the opiile:.!, Inch as the ])rcfciit owner, who, if be hid kiiov.-n tbev w; .0 Uraiu^crs from ' .ondar, would have \vd!in>;lv liaid and enlcriaiiied them, bci 4 a rclali.ni and friend of S'-.alaka \\'illed Andae. Ilaviii'.^ heard n ilmtlU the tioite of the eataratt, and basing lldl a liil: hour and a half of lii;lil, Mr. lUnrc di-le^ .i.nud to vilil the watei fall, kit he Iboiild be iht rebv del lined 'he next morn. in;. Bcin'.; wi 11- arnn!, Mr. Uuicv I 1 out for :!;c i iiatatt ; and, .dicr ridii.H tbi>i!i;li a p' im, hard cciipiry, in fomc parts v^iV Itonv, and tliu k-cover. d wilh trees, \ : loiiie- lbinf;iiiorc iban lia't an hour's ealy ^allopini; all the wa\, ihcv came tir.r^i.t lo il'c cataiaCt, coiidufled thereto hy ibe node of ibc tall, 'tins, known b) the name (if t''c !■ irit C'aiarart of the Nile, did not bv ilsappcaranvC eoine up 10 the idra tbev had (urnicd ol 11, beo"; ic.irce Idiceii lect in ben^lil, and about tis:\ vaidsi.ver; hut a nian\' places i!;c thcel n k the lame lo.id lliat he lialconie, w uliout liavni.; Ucnafingle peiioii lincc he left (ioiiiio. Kirh 01 the v' "f Novoiiiber, tbev left the village of (iouito, and conliniied, lor ihc lirlt part ot the dav, ihr'Mi:;'i 1 pl.n.i (ouiitry tall ol acai iatrccs. '1 li, . .i.^!'!;!:! i ii ir journey Irom thentc, and at lc.ii;tr ariived at a iripple rid^e id' nioiintaiilsdilp di I one nd-, liehiii(i liif other, neatly in form ot liirec coiifcirric circles, which Icemed to lnm;;(l an idea, tb.ii tbev are iiiiuniams ot the tnoon, 01 the M.a:.-' hm.roi' .imi'iuity, al ibc toot lil which the Nile w,i< lai'l i> iile, 111 I lit, there are no oilitis. 1 title III jnni.;!' lie a'l ol llicin ovccllcnl foil, and cvi ry w!"re ( ' vei d w; b tiMC pall II re; but a J iliis iiiiforiii ii.ii. t'lii'.trv nad been forages the ihe.itrc ol war, ihc it.h.ibiiai.is have only ploughed .iiid liiwii the lop 'I tl;, , 01:; ol ll'.c leicli ol enemies or niarclmm ai niies. '.n the iiiiddlc of the niouniaiii ate vill.ines hiiilt o! 1 while I >ri ■ '■ ■ ' - -, - -, - eshiiit; frpin l.js 1,^.^,^; vimir, be did not ;l in'<, b.r bis own fake, ii cimM be his intention to l-.i\e .liein. Var.i.iis cnnufi,, iinmediitelv follow! d ; l.ini ' '■ ' ' ■ to belrav and rob ihen ; 1 . . '^■f'"r<> ::um?hl he h id r.'|„|>,.,| . . . '■""'■ conceived „ ,j..,^ ^^ inllinciion ol 1 .i!il s 10 him, in oniei to ilinr |, triMeheroullv innidered; Ionic aijaiii Inppiilcd |j,. ,, ' llain bv the wild healbs, elpeci.iHv iliolc ;n boons, wholt voiacit\-, li.c, .imi licrec 'P'"' or ba. , , -., . .P'aijiic were e\ceediiv;!y im;niliid. Mr. ilrinolnr,,, ihiiik, that be iiii'."bi be ill, for he b.id Ijif,, 'If in ■■■■•. "■ ; '"I'Mr-in . plained, and that dv (iekiiels iiiiirlu liave ov.n. i. Iiiin upon the road; .md ibis, ton, was ihc op"i. • of Avti) .\vlo's (- !\anl, who f.iid, however, v;,, lii;nilicant look, llm he could not lie far oh; i),, iheref'o-, lu;t hnn, ami one ol the men lhatilro\' the lnnll■^, li ic k lo leek alier hnn ; .mil ibi . [.j,! j. . (;oiie lint a lew I iindied yaid. wh.n ihei Liiindl, ,., loniiin.^, bm I > deciep'd and lo vcrv ill, ihai Iif | t he could go no fnrlher ili.iii the church, wHitp |,i was p diliveh' ti lolved lo take up hi» abode dm 1 , .1,, Mr. IJnice felt bi< puHe, c.vatnined every put ,(t ,! I ini, and law, lie lhoiii;lit, evidcnily, dui luiiii..,' ailed him. \\ ilhoiil lohin; his temper, how ever, V,' Hriicc told him lirndy, that he perceived he v 1, ,., impoll 1'"; that be Ibonld conlider he was a |jlui:f ,, ,is Ik knew be cured bis mailers brit friend, \'. ;• ,' Valoiis: liial llie leelili;^ ol hi» hand tidd Imiii jv ; , , as l',i\ lonniie could have done, thai noihin ', j hull ; that u told Inin likcwde be had m hi, hcan 1. prank lo pl.iv, which wmild liirii out verv pi\hi ins (ill idvaiii.i(:;e. He fi eined diliiiaud al;cr T : laid little, and only detircd them to hall t'nr a I. ■ minutes and be tlioiild he better; " for, (i\f jv. ; reipiircs llrem>ib in us , ill to pals another gn...; jj bifoie we ariive at (Jeilll. ' " l.viin;, I lid Mr. lirnce, is to no piup ' 1 know wheie l.i elb i > as well as \(m do, anil ii;j; ■, ; have no more mouni.iins or liad (ibices to iiiii ll.roU'^b; iberi lot •, it \ 011 clioole to (l.iv licliinii, u.) uiav ; Inn lo nioiiow I (hall inform W'clleia Valii; at Huie of your bidiaviour." He (aid this with i\-: moll deieriniiii d air polhble, and lelt thein, »,iltii^' .IS haid .is be could down to ilie tdrd of ihc \;ii. W'oldo remained abo\e with the (etv.inii, who vi ■ ■ loaduiJ ibi ir niulci; l;e ti ciiied lo lie perfectly cii;. ; of his lamcnel-, and was in dole coiucrlanim m;m .\vio A\l s (ctvjni lor about ten mniiiic*, \>ii Ml. llriii c did not iboole lo iiiicrru|il, a* hi'l., that man was already in polleliion of pan ol Unlii , lecrct. this bein^ over, lluy all came dnuii lu M.-, ilruce as lie wuv ll.ciclitn^ a liraiich ol a vcHiw-rii:c tree, a number of wlucb l-.aii^ over ihc funj, f;. w h lie I ompain pdiid, .tiiil W'oldo, feeiilin.; tn .\ , aN well a^ ever, alcended a ^i iitf: rilini; lull, iif.ir' top of which is St. Mil bid Cieedl. I'lie .Nili- lir is not four N.irds over, and niit above foiiriiir deep, where they ciolfedj it wa» iiid : d bciomi; vciy tiiliiii>; brook, bin ran Iwilily over a bniiniiii btiall liones, with bard black rock a|'peiriii^ aira>: iliem: ii is at tbi^ place very ealy to pil's, am! u- limpid, but, a liiile lower, full of lucoididoraLK lii the urouiid riles !;eiillv from the river lo the ia;.' • w.ird, lull of III! ill bills and cuiinenccj, wliich v 1 ah end .md deb end al noil iiiipcicep;i!ilv. The wii compaiiv bid b.ilied on the iiMitli (ide of St. Miciiui diuiili, .mil ih're .Mr. ){|iue reached lliciii wni, .: dtteClIni; any Iniriw III the aliei III Hill, aiiiiut four o'c! )ck, the day hr • inn been vcrv hot for loiiie lioiirs, they were (iiin: III the (hide of a •.;ri)vc of ina^iiiliceiil Hilars, iii'u- mixed wiih fome very I ii:;e and beaiiiilul ciilliMi.! , all III the (i iwer; tiic ineii wen; lyiiit; oil llic Kr.ii . and tiie bealls led, wilh ihc burdi.'iis on iluirli.ur. , on the moll lu\;iri,iiii heibai'e. Mr. Ilriicc lu'l li- lidlcrenily ID Wold), in piiimn, that be w.is ^l.i-, liViiiialain, I r :.viiil>'. riioii,;!, m, iiK-.iiiiii; rnmi l.l^'liei,,; ly-s ..wi. lulu-, ,1 c,M,M j hiiiis-ht lichi,lri-r„K,,i ""'• «orifrivt,| I, j,..,^ ^^ , in niiici- I.) ihcir (,;■:,,, 1 m- .i'4,iiii liipp"lf(||,c(> ', iM.lllv llulK' ;ipcs or bj. -', aihi (if-ri-e .1; |v,im„(,_ Mr. liriKo In, II, .,' (or hi; li.id Ixf.iir ,n ,. I> iiii^ht liavo tiv.n, „, lis, loo, was llico|viii ., o l'.ll(J, howcVlT, V;i,i t lUi mil lit- far oh; t!uv ic (iT iIh- men iliHiiir„v,! I- hiiiij iiiiil &t . [,j|| ,, .. 11.1. wli.M iliiv i.miiiil.n il III vcrv ill, ih.ii I'c I I .lit ilu- 4 l.iirih, whcrr I • ,0 dp lli>.lll(ii!r j!;.n,|,|,,_ i.iiiiiiif.i fvi-rv pill III' ,. , fvid. inly, ii,.i, ii^n,.,,' his i(in|icr, hiiMc'vcr, \!f. he pcrieivcd he v n ,^ ilirlvr he w.isa pluti,,,..^ Iter s tirll fricml, V, r ,' h\s hand tuld Imn ,1. p. , dour, thai nuilunj , j Ic he liaii III h;, hi'jii!, :~ il mill out Vfry rA\i\ m iiid dihii.u id aluT r : 1 ilic-iii to lull lor a I, j belter; " for, hy j,.^ ;. ID pals aiioilicr gicjt h;.| re, is 10 110 purp ■II as you do, ami li; 1 ." Ill- laid tills with il:f e, and Iclt ilicm, wjUint lo the lord ol the Nile. Il ihc fervanis, who m •:> iiied ID he ptrlciilyniu i \ tloie coiiverLiUDi) «;i,i ihoiit ten luiiiiiifi, mIi , • ID iiiicnupi, J* hi' I,.- leliiiiii ol pan 111 \V(,!ii ^ hi y all caiiii- ilmiii lu \|r. I brant I) ol a \i:ll')w.rolc 1114 over ilie imd. T!; Woldn, leeiniii;; tii wmk ^i iiti-r rldiii; lull, iicin . ■I Gcelh. Ihr Nili' iitrf d not aliiive roiir iruui It was 1 lid id become 1 I iwilily liver a boiimn ii .k rock appe iriii;; aiiiiit ' ry ealy to pils, ami vr v nil ol' iiK'oiiliderablo Ij"'! m the river In tin- (iiui • id iniiiu'iicej, wliicli v 1 mpeii-ep:il)lv. 'I'Iil' vh ^ IMIlll lid'.- of St. MicilU.' I e leached lliem Willi".; I'lKir o'c! )ck, ilic (!.iy 111' ■ hours, tlu:y were liiiii,' maj^niliceiil ledars, iimi- and heatiiilul ciillo-in' , were lyiiii^ (in llic KfJi , ' biivdciis on tlieir b.ui., ai'.e. Mr. Ilnicc l.iiil 1: • iiiiii;^, lii.it lie M.K '^l.i'l ill ^vould preremly bo ucll, 11;. i ,i,ij Ihmiid (ear notliinn. lie tiieii ^ui up, anil de- lircil ID 'peak wiih.Mi. I'l ii' e almie, lakiii', Aylo's i.rvaiit aloni; wnli liiiii. " .Now, (aid < iir traveller jirv caliiiKi I know bv ymir (aee \oii aie •;diiij5 to nil iiie a be. I to (•eelb, until lels lliew ill) (1 II ji ilir (oiirces ol the Nile, . leli I eonlelt arc iidi ffiuh lievDiid It, though I deilaro to you there is ||i!l a ^".' between you and llmle (oiiries."— " And rriv, (aid Mr. Bruce calmly, wh.il is this iin;;hly traliiiii' ilavr you had a dre.iin, or a vilmn in that lijiice >"ii b'l III'" »'•' " you lai;;ed beliind In low idf f hiirrli d( .Si. .\1uI.,ii| .Sacala'' " No, lavs he, ijii iitiiher f Due, nur dn-aiii, nor devil ntiihei ; 1 vilh It w.i> nil »Drl('i Inn \ou know aj well .Is I, th.ii rn m.iller K-lil dcleaied ihr .Ai^riwn at tlie battle ol Bcni'i- I Mas there w.th my mailer, and killed leveial ni:n, aiiiniiH whom (oiiie were of the .Aj'ows ol ihi.s VillH^e (tei (h, and vou kimw the ii(.i!;e ot lliiscmin- irv, vilitii a man, in ihele circumllaiues, l.ii|.> mud i(;rir bjiitb, his blind mud pav Inr their lilood." I pun ihis .Mr. linne biitll out into a violent lit ot ljii;htf r, » liu II verv iiiin h dibnncertrd hiiii. " I here, |< (lour traveller, did not I lav to vou it w.isa lie that vm were ;'(iinmo tell me :■ Do not ilunk I dilbelievc or dirpiile Willi vou the vanity ol liavmii killed men; ni.iiiV men were (lam at lh.it battle ; loniebody nuill, ji,| viiu inav have been the jierlon who Hew iheiii; bill liu \"U think that I ran believe thai Kalil, lo deep in ilui auoiint ol blood, could rule llie .\40ws 111 ihc iiuiiiu r lie does, i( he could not put .1 h rv.iiit ol hi) iti (afciv ainoiii; them 20 miles (roin his lelideiice; ilo urn dunk 1 can lu lieve this:'" " ( oiiie, eonie, f.nd .V)lo's lervanl lo W'olilo, did you not hear thai inith and mind behaviour will ^ci you every ihing uiialki' .Sir, continued hi-, I (cc this ad'air vexes viu, and what tlii.s Inolilb man wants will neither make vou rirhcr nor poorer; be has taken a nie.it liiiirc (or that criiidon (ilklalh wiiiih vdu we.ir .iboiit lUiir middle, i luld bun to Hay till ) 011 went back M (liiiid.ir; hilt he (.ivs he is lo ^o no liiitlier than lo r.ilioiile ol .Shal.ika Welled Amiac in M.iitlh.i, and does lint return tutiondar; I lold liiii) to itay till villi had put V iiur mind at cal'e, by (eeiiii; the (ouii- t.iiiii ()(' the Nile, whitli vou are (ii anxious aboui. He laid, alier that had h.ippened, he was (ure \ou would 111)1 Kivc it him, (or \ou (eeiiied lo ilunk lilile I'l llie cilai.id at 'ioiillo, and oC all the due rivers .iiiii chiinlu s which lie hid (hewn )i>ii; except the iicid 111 the Nile lliall be liiicr than all ilide, when, iiiitaliiy, 11 will be jiid like anmher river, \ou will ilicii be dillaiislied, and not i;ive him the l.illi." Our travelK r ihouuhl there was roiiieihini^ very iianiral in lliele (iilpicions ol Woldo; belides, he laid lie via.) cerlain thai, if ever (he lalh ciiiic into the I..1U nl' Well, d .\inlae, bv Ionic means m other, be vould 1^(1 il into 111) iuind.s. 'Ibis r.iiion il liileourlc l.iil |i.icilird Mr. I'.rncea liiile; lull it mult have been I .;> iiiilced 111 hive liood li'i a miniile bctv-eeii him .Mill the airompli(l)nieiit ol Ins witlus. Mr. lirurc ilii'ii laid Ills land upon the piltuls that (link in liis );iKile, and drew llieni out to i;ive ihein to one ol his liiiio, when Woldo, who uppiebended it w.is lot ano- ilicr piirpiilc, ran lome pai i.'s bark, and hid himlelf behind .Ajlo's Iciv.int. Mi. Hrure, alier having i.ikci) ..I!' Iii\ l.idi, j^iive It lo linn. Inn 'hic.uened hiin l.jril ill tale he deierled linn in aiiv luiiliec iiitk.s, Udid" took tiie falh,« but leemed ten died at the threat, and be;.;nii lo make apologies, lie then car- ried our traveller round lo the loiilli (ide of the rhincli, (nil oCllie .;;rovc ul' trees that luiiuundiil it. " Tiiis is the hill, I lid he, that, wlien you were on the oilier (ide oC it, was between you and the foiiii- i.iin.s ol the Nile; iliere is no oiherj look at that luUotk of i^rcen lod in ihe middle o( that wan ry (pot, it IS in that the two rountains ol the .Nile are to bo lound: (ieedi 1.- on the (ace ol the rock wlieie )or» ;.;rein trees aie; if you ^-t the length of the foun- l.iins, piiU oil your (hoes .IS \ ou did the oilier day ; lor the le people .iie .ill l'.i;;aiis, win le than thole tl.at weic at liie (or.l, and they believe in iiolhin;; that \i)U believe, but onl) in this river, lo which lUcy pr.iv everv day as if 11 were (.ml; Inn this peihaps \ou 111 iv do likewife." I lalf uiiiIk IK (1 as .Mr. Uriice wa), b\ lols of bis l.ilh, and throwin:; ids (lines ofT, he ran down llie hill towards ihc liltle ill.iiid of green (oils, wliich was about two hundred yards ditlanl ; the whole lide of the hill was ilv.ck ^rown over viitli llower.s, the large bulbous root) ol which appiaiiiig aliiive the (ur(ace of the ground, and iheir iLins I miiing (.(f on tieailing upon ihein, oecaruiiied two vrrv feveri' (alls before he re.iclied ihe brink of I'lie in.iidi. Mr. liiuce, after tins, came lo tiie idar.d of gf-en turf, mIikIi was in form of an alt:ir, appaieiitly llie woik of an, and he il-iod in i.ipture over tlic pnncip.il lountaiii which riles in the middle of it. Ihe fnualionof .Mr Uruce's mind at prelcnt may be ealier conceived than e.xpre(led. N'ow Mr. 15ruee pioceeds to defcribe the (iiines of the \ile, which have, as he fays, remained to 011 r d.iys as unknown jta iliey were to antiipiity, no ^nod or genuine voucher having yet been produced ca- palile of proving lli it they were before difcovered, or (een by the curious eye of any iraveller, frjiu the earlied ages lo this day ; and it is with coniidenec Mr. Uruce propoles 10 his reader, thai he will con- (ider him as dill Itaiiding at thel'e fountains, and p,i- lienlly hear lioiii him the recilal of ihc origin and cirtunilt.inces ol this the moll famous river in the world, which are not to be lound in books, or from any (ithcr huin.in aiiihorily whalcver, and which, by the care.ind attention he h.is paid to ihe fuhji ct, will, he hop s, be found (atisl.ictor) here. I he Agows of Damoi pay divine honors to ilic Nile; ihey wordiip the river, and thoulands id' cat- tle have been o(iered, and dill are oll'ered, to the (pirit fuppoled to relide at iis (ource. They are di- Nided mill el. ins, or tribes; and it i) woilliy of olifer- vation, that ii is laid ilierc never was a feud, or he- redil.irv animnlity hrtweeii any two of thcfc elans; or, if the leed.s of .iiiv lueliwerc fown, they did r.oi vegetate longer than till the n.-.\t general eonvucalioii of all Hie tribes, wlio meet annuallv' at the foiirce of the river, to which they laerilice, calling ii by the name of the l!oJ of l\\iic. One of the lead conCi- deiable of thefe clans, for power and number, has dill the preference anion; iis brcilueii, from ilie cir- eumdnu e ih.it, in its ti rriiorv , and near the niiler- able vill,i;e that gives il name, are (Ituaied the much (ought lor (priiigs from which the Nile liles. I'hou.'Ji Lieeili is not fuiliier dillaiu from ihcle tlian 600 vards, yet il is not in (igl.i of the foiirees of the Nile! Ihc country u[)un the fame ''lain with the fountains, terminates in a did" about 300 )auisdeep down to the plain of Alloa, which dat couniry con- tinues in the fame fubaltern degree of elcv.ilion, till it meets the Nile ag.iin aboiu ('evenly mile.s foutli- w ird, after il has inade the tiicuii cd' the provinces (d (.oj.iin and Daiiiot. 'I'here IS ,1 prodigious cue in the middle of this cliir, in a direduin draiglii norih towards the foun- tains; ilicie are many bye paths in it, fo that it is very didiruli for a (tranger 10 cxiricaie hiinfeiri it is a natural labvrinih, large enough lo contain the in- habiianis of the village, and their cattle. In lhi$ laige tlid', Mr. linue lucd himlelf part of fevcral days, endeaviiuring to rcicli as f.ir iionhwaid as pof- liblc; bul llic ail, when he had advaiu ed foii.clhing above li f r ' ' ■m\ ■ ! 'I I I ,i r'l'il ■ (I I,, f .1 684 NEW COLLF.CTION of V()YA(iKS And TRAVELS. I ,2 M k ^^u 1 I : s'r . m above one hundred yard", Ifeiiud lo iluratLMi lo cx- lingiiifh h aMcile b\ ;ts danipiu Is, »ni\ ihe |Hoplc wtrc bL-fidi •>! at all (iiifjoled lo );ra[ily lii» cminliiy further, after airurini! hiin that there was iiothiiii^ at the did more remark.ible than wli.u he then l.iw, which he had re.ilt>ii to believe was tlu- cale. 'I he face of this cliff, ni.ich Ironis to the (oiitli, has a moll piclurefqiie .ippi at anee irom the plain ol '. lioj Itrlow, parts of the houfes ,ii every ll.ij^e .ippeaiin:;, through the thickets ol trees .'.111 biilhes with which the whole face ol the clitf is thickly covered; impenetrable fences of the verv v.drll kind of thorn, hide the mouths of the caverti* .d)ove mentioned, even Ironi fight; there is no other coinniunicaiiKn with the houfe*, either from .iliove or below, bill by narrow- windini; Hieep-paihs uhich lhr vou at the edi;e ol a trianijul.ir niardi aliove ciL;h!\ fix yards broad, in the line (d the fount. iin^, .ind two hiindrcd and ei;;hiv- fix vanis two feet fioni the cd.;e olthe tliff .ibove tiie iioufeofthe piii II of ihc river, where .Mr. Hnae lived. Ill the inid'lle of themardi, near the Ixuioiii (if the mountain of nrelh, ariO-s a hillock of a circu- lar f ir.n, alio'iT three fiet from the luilace of the niarfh it.'^ir, though .ipparen'K louudid much deeper in it. I he (li.iiiiit< r lurrounderi hy a Ih.illow treiuh, which c is ei;^ht feet three inches deep. .And about twenty feet diifint (roiii the firll, is the third (ource, its mouth beiii-j fomitbin^ mine than two feet lars^'-, and it is live feet ci^ht inches deep. Roth thcle lalt riuiitains Hand in t!u- middle of fmall altars, made, like the firmer, of firm lod, hut lu-ither of them above three feet diauKior, and havinj* a foot of lei's ck'salioii tliaii the lirll. 1 he alt.ir in thisthiid lource feemcd aliiioO difTolved hy the water, whuh in boih flood neaily up to the bum; at the fioi of each ap- peared a deal and biifk lunnin); rill ; thefe uniting, joined the wiicr in the trenched the lird altar, find then proceeded direflly out, pointinj; eallward, in a (juantiiv that would lid\e (illed a pipe of about two inclics ili.iincter. I he water from thele fountains is verv lit;' '. and ^ood, and perfeHly lallelils; it was at tins tiiiic moll iiitiiidly colil, lhoiii;h c\po('ed to the mill d.iv wiihiuit llulier, there brin^ no trees nor bullies nearer it than the iliff of (ieefh on its foiiili- fide, and the trtes thu furroiind Saint Michael (ii^efli on the north, whuh, according to the cullom (il All) fJinia, is, like otlici churdics, jilaiited iii the l...dli of a ,;ro\ e. ^■^■^.. Mr. IJrure had procured (Voin the Kiii;lifh (|,j- wiiilc at Jidda, (ome quick-lilver, perlecllv niir.' and heavier than tic common fort; warniine, th,/ fore, the tube gcrilv at the fire, he filled it with ih" quick-diver, and, to bis great lurprile, loiiiid ih,! the Nile Hood at the height of ai Kn;;li||| j„(.i, . .Sulpcfliin' that lome air iir>;l.t h.ive infinu.ircci ni-\i into the tu!ie, lie hud it by in a w.uni part ol i|,^. j^ covered till morning, and rrluniii^ to bci ii ' ih'.-re prolotindly till (ix, when, latislird {\^^. ^^^^j^ was in perl'efl order, he found it to ll.iiid at j> £11, lilh inches; neither did 11 vary (enliblv ("tom (!,![ height any of the (olU)wing days ho Haul at Cecih. ,ind thence he inferred, that at the fources of („! Nile, he was then more than two miles aliove ii. level ol the lea; a prodigious height, to eiiioy a ll . perpctu.illy clear, as alio a hot luii never (ucrrii for a moiiuiit with clouds from riling to letting. \ ^ N'llf, kec|'iiig neaily in the middle of the m.irfli, r,i ; (Mil for tl'.uty yards, with a very lilt!.- iiurcdi; (t llrcani, hut perftflly vifble, till met by the ur,/|. blink olilie land declining fro >i Sicala. 'f his mn. it round gradu.dlv to the \. K. and then due north. and, in the two mile* it flows in that dircrlmn i-e riser receives many Imall contiibuliims from Iprinji th.it rile in the b.uiks on each lide of it; there a:e:\, , paiiicularly (uie on the lull j( the back ol .St. .Miclu»| r.eelh, the other a lillle lower than i; on the oihrr lide, on the ground diclining frtun .Sacala. 'ihar lall mentuuied Iprings are more than double its euiti. tiiy : .Old b''ing .irrived under the lull wheicon lUiJ) the ciiiirch o| Saint MichatI Sacala, about twoniilfj from Its lourcr, 11 there becoiiict a Hieaiii that vouid turn a common mill, Ihallow, elejr, and ruiiiuni (ivf- a rocky bottom about ihne yards wide. .Voili;; - can be mirre be.iutidil than ihnlpot; the linall nfi! - hills about them were all thick covered w.ih vrrdiiri.'^ elpecially with clover, the liigell and hiiLllhc tvcr law ; the tops of the heights crowned wiih trtis of 1 prodigious (i/e; the fhcam, at the h.inks of whii^ they weie filling, was limpid and pure as ilx fint^it cryllal; tl-.e ford, covered thick with a bidhv ki:; Its lource; it hrpins hereto run rapidiv, aiulaLVni receives a number of l-.eiutifil tr. uieis, whuli have their rile in the lieiidits of I.itcli.imhara, the Iciiiii irciil.ir range of inountaris that p.ifs bchiiui, and Icem to enclole Al umallia. Ileie it lirgiiis 10 become a conlideiabic llre.im; its banks hii;h Mi broken, covered with old timber trees lor the IpacL- o( about three nuhs, it im lines to the nuthcall, and winds escfedimily, and is then joined by tin; imall riv< r i>iw.i tinm the call. As Ihc iiicic luma ttl plMcv, itiruugh which tli« Nile jjalfcs, can atrnrd VI ry 'AlKlM^t,, v.':umm niiUCF.s J RAVKLS to discovi i; im, KIVKR NILK in KGYFT. 6H > en, laiMCii'il ilit. ^^■l,„ c iImii (loiiblo Its ci ,,,,^. liiiU' ainiifenKrit to our rcadns, wt- llwill mily ,,l.|irv(', tlii't it 0Ti>])lics illclf .It l.ill iiili) the Mcdinr- ,\|| i!iis wliil<" ^^^ll(ll) was left Icilliii)^ ilicir rrrcp- ,;„„\villi tlu- cliii-r of ihc vitiate of {;»-c-(h. Tlu-y liiiii,| ilu' iiicaluii's taken by this man I'lirh as coii- ^.(.(lilicin at om (•()(' lii> lapacitv and aiiacl'incnt. , i;i. iiiiic'iililL' ,\;;ows, adciiiblcd all around him, ^ rciiio iiuitli iiitfrclU'd in tlii' app( .ir.inrc our tra- .. i^d* iiiidf, mil to Ik- (•xtctdiiitdv iiKjiiirnive liiiw . ,„, ili.ir llav was lo he ainonj; liiiiii. I'hcy law, hv iIk' liDi'li" diivcii bcluro ihcin, lliai lluv liclnnnrd iiil'ifil, and lurpct-kiil, lorilK' laiiic ical.iii, iliai llicy «iicli> maintain ihcin, or in olliir words, that ihcy 111 iiiiii ii^'-" ^' ditncli'in upon tlicin as loni', as tlu-y i.i,|f 10 lar'V llicrc; hut Woldo, willi threat achlrc-ls, ',1,1 (liliK'llid thiifc fears aliiiolt as to or governor j,l Dainol, nor Iroin their pni'enl iiialUr, as he had nn cncmio.-;. I'hcy found iImh news had ci-rulaled Yiili ^ri-at ra[iiditv, and they met with ,i lieartv wel- c.mu upon their arriv.ll at tie\illai»e. \\ Ohio had jfkcd a hmile Irom the Shuiii, who ver\' ei\illy hid rr.iiili(i Mr. Itrin e his own-, it wa^ |ull l.m^e cnoui^h I,] lorve him, hut tl.iy were ohlu,?t(l to lake piilliliiiui ol (, ur or live oiht :s, ami ihey were li ireciy Ictlltd iii il,^{,.^whcn A Icrvant arrived Irom I'lhl to nuiinak' lo the .'lurn hi* lurrendiy of the property and lo\e- [C1511IV of {.i-clb t<» .\lr. llnice, 111 conler,ueiitc of a jrjiu from the kmii: he bri)in;lif with him a lino, ii'^i-, iiiilU'.vhite cow, two Ihcep, and two i^oaisj ini- Imil) aiitl i;o4ts .\lr. H:ufe iinderllood were Irom W.'.Uia ^ .iliiiii- i"'dil alio lent thciii lix |ars of hy- criiincl, lil'v w''f3t loaves of verv cxti-llein bread, jmi ti> tin* \\"ilht* Valoii.s had.iddid two middle iircii lionvs oi e\eellciil Itroim Ipints. 1 heir lie iris vtcic now pcrfetiU at talc, and tlie\ palled a very iiKirv cveiuii;». Woido, who had done his part to "lui pctlcclion, and hml reconciled the minds of all ilic people of the village lo oui travellers, liar a lillle appiclicnlioii loi hiiiilcll, he thcu^lit he had loll iiuiil Willi Nil- IJriite, and iheieh.rc employed the kivjiit III Avio Avio to {k (ire Mr. Hint e nwi to (peak III the Idlil 10 l-alir,s leivaiil. Our tiaveller allured !,im, lluit, as lonn as he law bun altiii-.; properh , as li now did, it was much more piuhable he lliould ';ivi linn another ialli on their reiiirn, than eoniphun .il liic means he hud uled to ;;et this lad. 1 his eii- 1 kIv tviiioved all his fears, and, iiidcfd, .is lout; alii r Is l;c was. will) tlieiti, be every il.iy lUletved their aMiiiiieiidalions more and more. Nuw Woldo was petleclly liapp-, ; lie bad no fu- Iicimr or Ipy over his iicl ions j be liad explained liini- :ili 10 the .'shuiii, that they Ihould want loir.ehndy HI iiiiv necellnrie.s to make bread lor our tv.ixeluirs, mdlo lake care of the maiiaueinciit of their lioulc. riicv dilpiaycd tlieir leilcr articU> for barter to the Nhuni, aini told him ihc llioll ctmliderablc piirtli.iles, .;i.li us o\tii and lliecp, wtie lo be paid in i;'>ld. Kcwas llriiel. wiili the appearance of cur ir.u-ellcr's ..allh, and ihc j^i-iierolily of t'nir propnl.ils, ami ' "lido that he inlilled, linii ihey were in his W' ..... ......i-. » .». ...(1.VS.W, ...... ... .» ..»..^ I.iiulcs, ihe\ wouUl take lii.sdaii!;liters lor tbeir l.oule r.icpcrs. The propolal was .1 moll realon.ihle one, ind readily aecepieil. Ilenccoidint^ly lent fur three ;i;iii inll.iiii, and ihcy delivered them their ch.irj;c. i I.'.- cldell look il upon her readilv; llie waj .ibout liviccn w-ars of ago, of a llaturi; .;bove the middle ';a-, \)Hl (lie was reniJtkably genteel, and, colour sjiari, her le.iiiires would have made her a beauty in :iiiycounny in Europe; Ihe was, belides, very fprij;ht- ii; iliey uiidcflloud iiui one word of her iaiigu.ige, though fhe coinprclicnded very ca'ily the fi^ns that ihev niadc. 'I his nvmph of the Nile was railed by niek-namc Irepone, which (i^nilips I'ome aiiiinal ihat dellmvs miet-, but whether of the ferret or Inakc kind, iVIr. Bniec could not perletlly ilnfjerlland; loimiimes it was one, and l()incliities another, but whi( h it was he l!ioiii;ht of no qreat ronrcqiieiice. lI.iviii(?di('po!ed olfoine of iluir (lock in purchafe,-!, (he lluniulu lu-rlelf obliged to render our tr.nellers an account, and ^ivc back ihc relidiic at iiiu,hi to \Voldo, with a protod.i'.ton ihiii Ihe had not flolen or kept aiiv thinj; lo lieiielf. Mr. Uriice looked upon tins re'^ular iiicouiitinq as an ungenerous treatment of their benef.utrrrs. .Mr. iJruce ciilledcin Woldo, and niyde him produce a parcel that coniained the fiine with the liilt eonimodiiie.s they had i;ivcn her; and ihi'i coidilltd of beaiU, aiiliin >ny, linall Icillitr.s, kiiive.'i, and l.iii;c- needles, lie thru l>roii;^hl out .1 packi-t of the lame ihat had not been broki'ii, and lold her, lluv were iiiteiuled 10 Ix- dilti ibutcd anions' her II lends, and that ihev expected no arconiu from 111 I ; on theconirar\, ih.ii, alter Ihe had be'iowed ihele, to buy tluin iief ellarie^, and for .my purpidci Ihe plealed, be had llill a-, many more 10 leave her at. parlini;, for the trouble Ihc had j^iven herfeli. Mr. Ilriice oficn thouijht the bead of the little favaj;e would have been turned wiib ll.c I'olfeirioi) of lo niiicli liches, and lo ("teat conlidenee; and it wa.s iinpoilihiu to be lo blinded, ai not to fee that our traveller had alre.idy made i^reul progrcis in her af- liiiions. 1 iu- bonfes b'iii'.; all clay and nr,i\i-, ll ere vas no place lor lixmj; his clock; he was thcrelore obliged to employ a very excellent wairh made for him by Kllicoti. The dawn now bci^an, and a lew minutes alierwaids every body was at their doors ; every enc crowded to lee them, and they brc.ikfalfed in public will) vnv i;real chei-rluhif l>. The wiiite cow was killed uiiii everv one was invited to his Iharc oi her. Ihe Sbum, prielt id the river, would iikewile have been of the p.irt\', but he d.-clmed either ti'-tini; or e;iiiii\» wiib lliem, iliovii^li liii Ions were not lo Icru- [uhius. Oficc a year, upon their principal fountain ar.J all.ir, on the hilt appeaiaiice td tin doi^llar, or, as others f.lv, eleven (lays after, ibi.s priell .ilieiiibles the beads of the claii.s; and bavin;; facriliced a black heifer that never bore a calf, tbev pluiii;e the head of It i-ito this fountain, tluv then wrap it up m disown hide, fo as no more to be feeii, .ilier b.^ving (prinklcd the liide within and without with w.itirfrom ihe loun- tain. The carc.ile is then l|> it in h.ill, and cleaneil with extraordinary' caro; ami, ilius prepared, it is laid upon the hillock over- the lull fountain, and w.ilhed ill! over with ils water, while the elders, or coiifiderable peo])lo, carrv water in their hand.i joined It mull not be in any dilh) from the two other touti- t.ims; they then alleinbh- upon the (mall hill a little welt of .St. Mich.ael (it uled lo he the place where. the church now Hands) there they divide the carcalc: into pieces eorielponiiim; to the number of the tubes, and each tribe has us privilege, or prctenlioiKS, to parti, iilar jiart.s, which arc not in proportion to ilu- prelenl conleijik iice of ilie h veral clans. Gcclli h.is a principal Hue, tliou.;li the moll inconlider- .ible tciritory of the whole; S.irala has the next; and /.ecgam, the moll eonlulerable of tbeni all in pov.cr and riches, lias the lealf of the whole. Alter li.ivinj; ale this carcafe raw, accoriliiiv; 10 their cuftoni, and drunk ihe Nile waier, to the cxelulion of any oilier liMiiur, they pile up the bones on ih.e place where they III, and burn tlu-in to alhes. This uled to be perlornied where the cliurcb now (lands; but Has Scla Chnllos, fome time after, bavini» beaten the Allows, and delirous, at the )eluit.s iii(liL;ation, to ((invert them lo Cbrillianity, he demolilhcd their .iluir where the bones were burnt, and built a cburcli upon tho (lie, the doors of which, Mr. Bruce be- lieves, were never opined fince that reign; nor is ilii. ic now, as fa. as be could perceive, any Chtilliaii ' •; 'hi f ' ' If If * .1 I- ,': ■ , f m.' ■■t', H ! 1- ' J J- •h'!fPi^ii:S|% ■ 8 1. tbcro (m NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. i 2^ i^4 there who might wi(h to fee it rrcqucnted. After Sela Clirirtos had demolifiicd their altars by building this church, they ate the carcafe, and burnt the bones, on the top of the mountain of Gee(h, out of the way of profanation, where the veftiges of ihis ceremony may yet be feen; but probably the fatigue attending this, and the great indifference their late governors have had for Chrillianity, have brought them back to a fniall hillock by the fide of the matdi, well of St. iviichael's church, and a little to the (buthward, where they perform this folcmnity every year, and they will probably rcfumc their firll altar when the church is fallen to ruins, which ihcy arc every day privately haiiening. \\'hcn their bloody banquet is fuiifhed, they carry the head, dole wrapt from fight in the hide, into the cavern, which they lay reaches below the fountains, and there, bv a common light, without torches, or u number of candles, as denoting a folcmnity, they periorm their wordiip, (he particulars of winch Mr. Hrucc never could learn ; it is a piece of free inalonry, which every body knows, and nobody ventures to reveal. At a certain lime of the night they leave the cave, but at what time, or by what rule, our tra- veller could not learn ; neither would they tell him what became of the head, whether it wa» ate, or bu- iircl, or how conlumed. The Abyllinians have a lh)r\-, probably created by theinltlves, that the devil appears to them; and with him they cat the head, •wearing obedience to hiin upon certain conditions, ^lul' ood feafon for their bees that of lending ram and cattle: however this may he, it is certain, that they prav to the fpirit reliding in the river, whom they rail the Kvcrlafting (Jod, Light of the Woild, Kye iif the World, God of I'eace, their Saviour, Kaiher of the L'niverle, Ac. very much reduced, whereby tlielUu' hath luflcred much. .\.«, in a long carriage, lacli ,1 that uf a hundred miles in Inch a cliniatt, biiitir mult melt, .md be in a Hate of fufion, coii!e(|iiciiii\ very near piiircratlioii; this is prevented by the luui ol an herb, tailed Moc-moco, \ellow ;ii culoiii, and in a fli.ipe nearly relembliiig a carrot; ili.- they bruile and mix with their luiitei, and a ven fmall quantity prclerves it frelh for a coiificiiiili'i' time; and this is a great faving and coineniriici'. for, fuppodng fait was employed, it is very doubtli': if it would anfwer the intention; belldcs, fait 5 « money in this country, being circulated in the Inrni of wedges, or bricks, it ferves the purpol'e of lilvtr coin, and is the change of gold; lb ilui tins herb i< •'■■«^»*««i«J' BRUCE's TRAVELS to discover the RIVER NILE in EGYPl'. 687 ^,1 the- iiiinod ufc ill preventing the increafc in price j( ihis iieccllary article, wiiich is the principal Food ,,f all Links of people in this country. iixclulivc oF tlic market ol' Coiidar, the ncij>h- bouiii'H black lavages, the wuolly-headed Shangalla, ijj-l,,ilc ilic greatcll part ol tlicTc totnmodiiies from ilicni, and many others which tlx-y brini; from the cjpiul when they return tliiricrj they receive in cx- ilianse elephants teeth, rhinoceros' horns, gold in linall pellets <""^ a quantity of very Hiir cotton; of »liich goods they might receive a much gi eater qiian- iiiv were they conttiii to cultivate trade in a fair ,y3y without making inroads upon tliele favages for ilic fjkc "f (lavv>, and thereby dillurbing them in (iiflr occupations of fecking for gold and hunting the tlcphant. The Agowi' clothing is entirely of hides, which ,|,cv fiilten and manufatlurc in a method peculiar to ihcmlclvesj and this they w-car in the rainy fcaCon, \ihcn iIh' weather is i old : for here the rainy feafons jre ul long duration and violent, which (hll increal'cs ihc nearer you approach the Line. The younger |(irt arc chiefly naked, the married women c .irrying ,|„.ir children about with them upon their h.uK'i; ihcir cloihing is like a fhirt down to their feel, and itrdcd wii'i •' belt or girdle about their middle; the iowfrpaii of it reiembles a large double pettico.it, oni'plv 0.1' which they turn back over their Ihouhlcrs, fillcniiig it with a broach, or (kewcr, acrofs their brcall bi lore, and carrying their children in it be- liiiiJ. 1 he women are generally thin, and, tike the men, below the middle lize. There is no (uch thing a< bjrriiiiu-ri kiuavii among them. They begin to j)car children before eleven; they marry geiu r.ill\ jbout that ag*"! '"'f' are marriageable two years lu- lorf : thev dole child-bearing before thev are thirty, ihoui"!! there are leveral inllanccs to the contraiv. The Agows, belides what they fell, and what lluy pav 10 the governor of Damot, have a panimhir inbuic which ihcy prelent to the king: one thoul.iiul liabra of honey, each dahra containing about fi\ty pounds weight, Ining a large earthen velfel. 1 hey pav, moreov' fifteen hundred oxen aiu^ looooiimes o( folii; forniir •> the number ol jars of honey was four ii; niLind, but leveral of thcle villages being dailv fivcn ti> private people by the king, th- (juaniity i. ilimiiiifhci* hv the quota fo aliri ited. I he butter i ill IdIcI; .iMil, lince the (atal battle ol lieiija, the kmc's fliare comes only tn about one |l I'liid )ars. Ihe ollicer that keeps the account*, and 1 ihermts raid, is called .A^-'w Mi/.ikcr; his pod i< ah one ihoulaiid ouncesuf gold ; and by this it may L. udgcd wiih what (EConon^ . tlii> revenue is colletlcd. N'otwiihllanding Mr. HriK e had » iih him two large icnis liiHicicnt for his |)e(i[ilf, he ^va^ .niviled 10 take 'lolicllion ol the houles to ri.HMete the;- itiulcs and IMrffs Irom thieves in the iii;;lit, as » o from the air.mltsof wild hcalls, ol which this couitry is full. Ainioll everv Imall collettion of houles hi- behind a lar^e cave, the fubierraneous dwelling, lug in the rock, of a prodigious capacity, and which nuill have been a work of great labour. It is not pofTible at ihisdiftancc of time, to lay whether thefe caverm were the ancient habitations .f the \gow s when they were I roglodytes, "T whether they were intended for retreats upon ai y 'alarm of an irruption of the Galla into their country. November the gtli, our traveller liavfng finiflu d his memorandum relating to thefe renirkable places, traced again cm foot the whole com l- of this rivet from its fource to the plain of C.oiiiio. He w;is uii- attended by any one, having with hiiu only two hunt- ing dogs, and his gun in his hand. The (juaiitity of game of all forts, elpccially the dtrkind, was, in- deed, furprifing; but though he was, as ufual, a very fuccefsfiil fportlman, he was obliged, for want of help, to leave each deer where he fell. Ihcy fleep in tht: wild oats, and do not rife till voii are about to tread upon them, and then II irc at you fur half a minute before they attem|)t to run oil. Mr. Bruce and liis friends having now rmiflied their bufinefs, nothing remained l)ut to dupart. Tl'.cv had palfed their time in pcrfetl harmonv; the addreli. of Woldo, and the great attachment of their friend Irepone, had kept their houk- in a cheerful abuii dance. They had lived, it is true, too magnificently for philofophcrs, hut neither idly nor riotoudy ; and, it is the opinion of Mr. hruce, no /^vm^-;/ of Gee fit will be again fo popular, or reign over his fubjctb with greater mildnefs. Mr. Uruce had praftifed me- dicine gratis, and killed, for three days fucccirivcly, a cow each day for the poor and the neighbours. lie- had clothed the high prieft of the .\ile from lead to foot, as alfo his two fons, and decorated two of his daughters with beads of all the colours of the rainbow, adding everv other little prelent they fccmed fond of] or that our travellers thought would be agreeable. / ' for il eir amiable Irepone, they had refer d for he thechoicell of their prefeius, the mod \aluable of every article they had with them, and a large propor- tion of everyone of them; they alfo gave her lomc gold; but Oie, more generous and noble in her fen- timents than they, feemed to pay little attention to thefe that announced to her the I'eparatiou from her friends; (lie tore her fine hair, which ihc had everv day before braided in a newer and more graceful manner; fhc threw herfelf upon the ground in the houfe, and rcfufed to fee our travellers mount on hmleback, or take their leave, and came not to the ' lor till they wt re already let out, then followed i:iem with her good wilhci and her eyes as far as Ihe could fee or be heard. Our traveller now ')()k his leave of Kefia Abay, the venerable prielk of the moll famous river in tlic' world, who recommended him with great earnellnel-. tothe c. than he hoped c devil svould take him. All the young men in he village, with lances and fliields, attended them to .Saiiu Michael .Sacala. l;l ^'A)i\r-^i C H .\ l\ II. "u-f.ir,iims fjf ri-'u^rniiiji f-.wi :'>r Sonne of ibc Nilt — Mr. Uiu'ci.'s Arrn.i! at ihc Haufe of ll'tlleJ Atn!a.~ '/<• W//iV ihe Ailf ill Delak.'^--l'i .ct\-ils lo Coiidar — Vblaiiij J'niiiiffwii ta retain Jlotiw — Itikfs l^avc of the Iteghi. ' kiJiam—Uis laji Inlervicvi ivilb ibe Monks. N()\ EMbKK the lOth, 1770, Mr. Bruce and Ills friends I'-lt Geelh on their return to tjondar, and palled the Abay, under the church of Saint Mi- thicl Sacala. i'he next day, they continued their luuriicy in their former road, and in the afternoon liicy lulled at the houlc of Shalaka Welled Amlac, wuhwhoiii Mr. Bruce was well acquainted atGondar; hisluHile is called Welled Abea Abbo, from a church ul Abbu, about an eighth part af a mile dillant. Mr. Bruce fettled here with his former oiiidc W^oldo, to his pcrfeft laiisfartion, and cancelled en- tirely the memory of lomc difagrecable things pafled. lie then configned our traveller very lolemnly to Ayto Aylo's Icrvani, in prclence of Welled AmUc, and then took iiis leave. November the luth, having fettled their account with their boll, they fet out from the holpitable houfe of Shalaka Welled Amhc. Their landlord accompa* nicd IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^"^ I I.I 125 ■^ 1^ 12.2 Mi Uig lAO 12.0 Ut iil IL25 iu IMI»4 Photographic Sciences Corporation -W U WIST MAIK LfRIET WS».'>Tj.«,N.Y. 14910 (716) •72-4S03 688 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES ano TRAVELS. kr . nicd iliem in pcrl'uji lo ilic ford; and by this, and his readincls lo llicw thcin what lie thought worthy of their turioliiy, and by his care in afccriaining for them the di)lanccs and liiuaiions of places, he j;avc them a certain proof he was well '.onteiitcd, and, therefore, that they had nothinj^to apprehend. After fomc diihcnliy, they gained the middle of the river, wlierc the button) was lirm, and there they reded a little. W'hilll they were wading near the other fi'le, ilu-y found fonl ground, but liie water was (hallow, and the biinks low and eafy to aUcnd. The rivr ndc, as far as tlicy could fee, was hire and dilliiuie '>f woii:l of any Uind, (uily boi(icrcd with thillK's and lu'^li ;;ials, and the w.iier linked deep with red caitli, <>! which its haiik.s arc compoled. This palTage is caiicil Drl.ii;us, and is pitiable from the end of Odoiicr to liie iniddL' of May. Imme- diately on llie lop of the hill, afcendin); from the river, is the IVnall town of IJilakus, whicli gives this ford its name; it is more coiiliiloiable in .ippcarancc than is the !;ciiciality of llufe fiiiall towns or villages in Ahyiliini, bixaule inhaiutcd by Mahometans only, a tridiii;;, l'iui;.>l, iniL-llij^ent, and iiuiultrioiis people. Welii li AiiiKic, their toiiduclur, put our travellers in iiiitid of the Cervice he had rendered them, and they were not u!iiiiii;dful of him. Me bad been rc- tei\ed wit!) ver\ great rifpett at the lall place, and it is incredible with what expedition he fwallowed near a pound of raw IK Ih cut fiom the bullocks of the animal yet ali\e. After louie horns of hydroniel, he jiallcd to the other (idf, where he was received with Hill nunc ailecliun, if pi-iiniiie, by Wellcta Mi- chael ; and there he be^an again lo tat the raw meat with an appiiite as keen as il he liad faded for whole days: he then eoiingiied our travellers to Ayto W'tl- leia .Michael, his frund, who fuiiiillicd ihein with a iervant to condud ihem on iluir way, while he him- fclf remained that night at the ford. 'I'hcy leli this at five in the evening, and, purluing their journey north, thc)' paffed the fmall town of Dclakus, con- tiniimg along the hill among luiierpuisul brulliwood and luiall fields of corn inieruiixed. 1 be place our n.ivellcrs were row prcjiaring to leave, called Maitli.a, is governed by nincly-nine Slums, and is an appendage of ihe olliee of JUiwuder, lo whom it \yd\i two lluiiil.ind (nii.ees ol gold. 1 he people are origin.iUy of lliofc Galla welt of the .\bay. ^'ajciiis the Oreai, when at war with ll.at people, who, in niniiy prccedin;^ icigns, liad laid walle the pri'vinct sof I .ojain and Dainol, and efpecially Agow, when he pa!!'ed t'le .Vba)', Inind il.ele people at va- riance anion:; iheinlelve'; anil ll.e king, who was every where vuiorioii, Ir, ing jiim d by llie weakelt, advanced lii Narca, and, on his rcluin, tranlplaiiled thele (j.ill.i into .Maiidia, placing part of ilieni along the Nile to guard the palfcs. ills I'leceflors ai dil- ftrcni limes followed jus examnlej part ihey leiiUd in Manilla, and pari along the banks ul the Nile in Damol and Cojam, wlieie bcin;^ convened to Cihiil- lianiiv, at Icall lo futii CLriliiaiaiy as is pioleifed ii .\b\IJiiiia, tin;, h.ive incri'.iled rxcenlingU, and amounted, .it kad he lore the war in 17O8, to ij.OCO men, of whom about .jcoo are horfi men. Mr. Jlruce'i !■ rv.iiils ,ind bagga'^e ariived at (ion- dar, wldlc he himlelf went lo Kolcain, (iiid tlun (iniliieil their long projeOed rxpediiion, or journey, lo llie fountains ol the Nile, having, in their relurn home, made, a.s it were, the ilioid of tlie arch of their foiiner Joiiiiii'V, or about niniMyihiee niilen. On account (d ihe Iruuliles tli.ii the 11 leigned in ihe cnpital ol .Mnliinia, Mi. JJiuee did iii'i (ee the Iicghe nil .N'oveiiibci the J jd. She liiil lor lum ;'atly in the inoining, and iiad a large bieaklaU prrpuied; llu* looked very niuuh worn out and iiiiiilpoled. Wiion he cainc lirll into her piefciicc, he kneeled, with his fuichead tu the gioiind. .She pui on a wry Irrious rounieiiince, and, w iiliout defiriii'.| him to life, lliid gravely to her [>e .pie about her, " I here, lee thai inudinan, who in iirnes likeilKfp, wlien we the nativea of the cuiiniiy aru iioi laic in uiu uwn houlet, vaflily. agaiiill all advice, runs out into the fields to Ik- ImntrH like a w ild beal'i b\ e\ cry robber, oi a liuh this c,;,,,,, IS full." She llieii made him a lign to rile, whid, licilic and killed her hand. " Madam, laid In , ii I dij ,1,:/ it was in confequence of the goinl hUoiis yomnia' jefly deigned to give me,—" Me! fays I!k., ^^|,|' lurprife, was it I iliat adviled you, at fuch a innca. ibis, to put yourlilf in the wav of men like ( (m,,,! Abou Harea, and \\ ooda'.;e .Alalul, to be ill-u|l|| robbed, and probdily nuirilercd:" — " No, f^jj y ' Jiruce, Madam, you certainly never did civc m fuch advice; but you tiuiil own thai every day I h^jv. heard you fay, when you wa.; threatened by ,1 ninl. titude of powerful enemies, that \ 011 was noi afiajj you was in (j.iii's hands, and not in theirs. \m/ Madam, I'lovidence h.is hitherto protcttcd yon^ / have, in huinhle imiiaiion of you, had the {,i„.. Ciirillian coniidenee, and I have lucceedfdj 1 kiics I was in Con's hands, and therefore vnhicd not ir ■ bad intentions of all llii'. robbeis id AbWiinia." Uuriiig the wars and icbellions o) Ahvliini;! \' Biuec dilplaycd lo much courage, that he was 1,1 jellied bv ihe king wiili ,1 liii!;c ehrtiii of n„],| ,^,| very maify links, which he doubled twice, m, 1 ii (.,, put it over Mr. Hruce'^ nick. '• he chiaii conlillnl ot 184 links, each id ihem weighing j 1.13 iiet,^ weights of ;iiie g(dd, " It was wiili tuc uimoll roiut. lance, lays Mr. liriice, ihai, being in want of cvt;i thing, I fold a jireat part cjf this hoiiouiihle dli|lr^. lion at Sennaar in my reiurn bunie. It is luiped n y fuccedors will never liave llie lame 1 xi iile 1 |i,;J j,j, luilher dnninidiing this l.oi.oiuahle nioiiuaiciit \diit:i' I have hli them." Al'ur llie troubles h,ul ci.ifid, and RasMicijd was lent away pnloner from (fOiidar, llic (jiiini u-. turned lo Koleaiii, where Mr. IJnue palUii n . rut part ol Ins time; but hishcahh deciiiiing cvtrv ilui he liad obiaiin d, with great dilhculty, liberty in ;;i her to uiuinpt his leiurn home. 1 he kin^, luo, ,,|:t, a hundred e\cepiioiii>and provilos, had at IcngiliLcui bioughl lu give an unwilling cunfeiit. ( .iptain I'hoinas I'licc, of ihe I. ion of Boinijj\ had liern obliged, by thi.« bulinels wuji the i;imrn- incni of Mecca, 10 coiiiinue at |i>hU, till tlit: lidlin alier ."sii. lii uce went Ironi thence to Abylliiiii. lie had already heaid once lioni him, and iiuw i IccoiiJ lime, ile inloiined Mr. liiuee, thai lii> rouiitryiiKii had been in ihe grcateU pain lor hiiTi; ilui kvui, nporls had hi en cm rent, both at |idda and .\,.(i„, ol his having been .didlhiuted ; lonietniio it v^ij ! by the .\ay be ol .Maluah ; fomeiimes thai il h.ipii.ua at (jond.ir; byothert at Sennaar, at his reiiini Unii.. ( a|itain I'lice wrou in this hilt letter, llui, ii)iiu,i„ .Mr. lliuie mult be dlllrelied lor want of iiiontv, ! had left orders with Ibiahiin Seralf, the Kn^ii: , hioker at Jidda, to advance him louj crnwu;, 1,.- liring hli draft 10 be l>'nt lo Ibrahim, direUcd lu l:.\\ or his brother at Ui;iiibay, and lo make il pa\ r:, Mr. Ihuic had oecalioiully boriovscd iiniiia I in a (ireek, wli..li- name was I'etros. This 11, .m v., oiigiiially a n.it.ve of the illai.id of Rhodes, mI.u.i be iniill have left earU, for he was not ill this 1;;:,: much pad thirty j he had been by irade a ihoeiiijk.i. I'or wliat rcnioii he left his own country, Mr. liiuci does not know, hut \.c was of ii vcrv plealim; liyirt' ■iiid addiifs, iluMigli very limid. 'I'hc 1Is.,ik vj. much dillinguidird him, nnd the king had nude I..1 1 Azelella el Cainilha, wliieh .inlwers piccilcly i" groom ol ijic dole, ld, indeed, thai 11 confiilcd of, wai i)ltcr'AJ:ii' found, but there wa> iitiU t(i iiave been 011 ihu top "' il BRUGES TRAVI il a pearl, or jewel, of immenfi larger than a pigeon's egg ; and ihii l,ad difippt-ired, being in all prot |,y the lire. Kas Michael, on the c ilJjt it had been taken out by I'ei fjii it, and for this rcafon he had i,.i liucriy to leave AbyfTinia, ar li.idvs ill f'-'-'"'" ''''" ff'trie day or oti |,i,n()fall that he had faved. W kT>'"';'"S ''"^ mountain Haramat, Mr. Bruce to take 30I. of liim, and fecund, and third bill of cxchan fuliaiiand Rofa, his correfpondeiit! 'month after (ight, to the Maronite SiiLii, after which he (ci out for 1 III il,niii pauperis, and ibcrcby efc of both Kas Michael and the Nayb for the bill, it came duly to hand ikbilhop, who would \rrv uladly fjtl, of the duplicates, and wa« near for iiilifting upon this befoie the Bi Mr. Bruce bad made a (hnv ol chain lu Cairo by the hands of Meii (kiUriiig always that 11 was ihe on! fi'iijn gold he Ihould carry out of il he was to leave, boih in fafl an vilff. Mules are the only bead.s moiily iilcd i» Abydiiiia, thou'.;h h 1 particular kind, arc bought foi (jrricrs, merchants, and (ueh hk'-, cfpecijlly near the mines or (juarr jrc very flow, however, and cap. burden, though very ealilv niainia had abundance of mules of his ow inltru'iirnls and baggage ; and the furnilhid him with oihi rs for Ins had, befidcs, two favourite hoifcs, \ 10 attempt to carry home, foolif tbou.;h he thought in his own mini licicnily informed of, and prepare hardlhip?, he had noiforeleen the the diOicullics and d:in);ers that w hi:il. When ihe Iieghc had returned, liVfd at Kofcam by her own dedre, very precarious lime her tclidence fuitcd his intention of wiihdrawi thercfire, not to multiply the takings he had reduced liis whole liii^ and (]uccn. ;\ll Mr. Rrgce's attention was preparations for his return iliroug Sennaar and the Oefert. Tfiila one of the chief prieds of Conda Onjaui, and confcqiienlly of llie follower (if Abba Kuilaihius, in 01 an cncniv as poUible to the Cailiol call il, ibf religion of the I'ranks. nimied a perfon of great prohit inaiinrrs and liad been on all oc and fiiendly lo Mr. JUuee when evidently not defirous of any iiiiiin Iriendlhip; and as Mr. Bruce, (ui htt!c advantage from coniicHing 1 of his principles, he very willingly diltance. Tins pried came often 1 Ayin Aylo's, with both of whom favour; and here Mr. Bruce happi ulu:n lie was taking his leave in the of you, laid he, S'agoul)e, as a f. now you are immediately going country, and you can anlwer me uiii really a Frank, or arc voii 1 Mr. Hnirc, I do not know what y 1 Ihould a.', Iitile decline anlwcrin); yuu have to a(k had I ten years to loquii this country lo-morrow: ' ca and was well received by the king 1 iieiihcr taught nor preached ; n inc fay a yord abuut my paiitculur 7i. '\ ... \M) TRAVELS. (', I mis out into t'.u- fu l.N to l,p j,,,^, . l>\ fvcry rolihcr, ol 'Wiuh ihisc.junirv 1 in.idi- him a lic;ii id rile, wliid, \^^,y,^ 11(1. " .M,kI,I111, 1.11,1 lu, il I ,lij,i,'j/ quciicc ol' llic ,!i, and not in theii-s. x^/ lerite li.is hitherto protcdcd yon- / lie iniiialioii of yon, had the |;,n,^. leiice, and I have Inccccded; 1 knnv hands, and therefore vnlucd luitHc of all tiir robbeis in Ahyliinia," vars Jiiul ifbellioiis of Aluliinia N' ■() iniitii eoui;i;;e, tliai he vm p,,' iiig Willi a lar);e eha.n of n„|,i_ „,||' .s, wliieh he doubUd iwue, an ! ij,,, ■. HriitL''> luck. I he thi.ui coiililj.j acii of liiem wcinl;in'> ) i-io iiemn. gold, " It was wiiii I DO lUinull roiin.. liriice, that, hcin^ in warn of cvci\ meat \\Mi of this liuiiouul/.e diHift. ill my reiurn Ikmiic. It is liopd iw never have llic laiiio < xciile 1 li,;j j,,, lliiig this l-.oi.'jiiiahk; iliyiiUMicm Vwuci: m." oiihlcs liad ci.ifvii, and RasM;cijil iriloiitr from (.ondar, llic qiitin ic am, where Mr. Urine palleii a i;rui ■; hut iiishc.dih liciliiiiivg every cLi d, with great dillicully, liberty ftc,;;,' his leturii home. J he Lw^, too, ..htj •piioiisaiid (irovilos, had at lengiliUm : an unwilling coiiiciit. iniias I'licc, of the Lion of BomL.n, ied, hy thi.s bulliiefs with ilie i;iaiiii. :i, tiitoiuinlic at Jidd^, till ilic lidlin e Willi Ironi thence to Abjiliiiii. i\c aid oiire lioni him, and now i kcon^i limed Mr. iJiuce, tlui hi> rouiiiryimii 1- grtaitlt iiaiii lor hiirii that Icvuil I'll ciirreni, both at |idda and .\i.icl„i, leeii alldlliiialed ; Uinieiniies it »m.. Ui.[ il Maliuli; loineumes that It ii,i|i|i;'i u 'itlierii at .Scniiaar, at his reiiirii liomf, wrote in this hilt letter, llui, iliiiii>in^ It be dill relied for want of nuiiicv, !■ s with Ihiahiin Seratf, tlic Kn^liin a, to advaiiic liiin looj crown.', i,>'- tu be tent lu Ibrahim, directed tu li.:ii II lioiiibay, .111(1 lo make it |ia\h|ii( in that naiii'; who lis ed in ' iiiiililiclil, ad (K'laiioiully honored iiuiiny linin e name was I'eirus. Tins nun v..:' tivi: of the illaiid of KIkhIin, viIilu :(t carlv, for he w,i,s not iil this lii;,r ,' i lie had been by trade a lluuMii.ik.i. II he left his own country. Mr. lliuti hill l.e was (if il verv plealiin; li^iiro oiu;li ■ eiy timid. The 1ii.,ik wi. Iird him, and ihc king hnd iiiadt l.ii tinilhs, vliiel) .mlwers |Mici(cly' i" loir, or lirit liMil of ilio bed ili,inilui ti'in^ [ill. lilt, livil, iiiiil aiiljl, ji.ii L'lfrd, be hail c.aiiK d the gnol ;',M i'' luri; be was alio rich, as ilu' .i | irid his p'Tijiiilitci Hot iiicoi.li.Ur.iliii'. e cim|Migiis, in which » ilw.ui •■i andmg b«;lore Ras Ulcliail, ,iiid il ' ire 111 liie fisy wl icl\ Ibllnwri), llf Miimder I'ctros's rhjirge, ^iisiii li"!; I, iliai It ronliltcd of, wa« aliir'Aj;ii< e was laid tu bave bicn uii tliU loji"'^ il BRUCEs TRAVELS to DiscoVEk the RIVER NILE in EGYPT. 689 it a pcaf'> •"■ j*^^'^^') "f immenfe price and fizc, larger than a pigeon's egg ; and this, whatever it was, liaddifappearcd, lieing in all probability conl'iimcd by the lire. Kas Michael, on the contrary, believed ll,j( it had been taken out by i'ctros with a view 10 f^ll il, and for this rcafon he had conltanlly refiid'd i,.i liDcriy to leave AbyfTniia, and had kept him ,i,,ays in fear, that fomc day or other be would lliip 1,1m of all that he had faved. While Michael was ],j,ci;ing the mountain Haramai, Pcros beleeched yU. Bruce to take 30I. of him, and give him bis fird, fccoiid. and third bill of exchange upon Mell'rs. fulijiia'"* Itofa, hiscorrcfpondenisai Cairo, paya'de •,„nnih after fight, to the Maronite Bilhop of .Mount Siiiai. after which he let out for bis own country, ■„f-j!ma pMpcri<, and thereby efcapcd the rapacity of bill h Kas Michael and the Naybe of Maliiah A« for the bill, il came duly to band, and was paid to the bi (hop, who would \rrv nUdly have received for fjfji of the duplicates, and wa« near being hitliiiadocd fiirinli(liii)i I'po" ''i'-' befoie the Bi y at Cai-'o. Mr. Brute bad made a tlie^v ol iendiii;; .lis g(.ld chain to Cairo by the hands of Melical Aga's lervant, (!;tlariiig always that it wa>. the only piece of Abyl- li'iijii gold he Ihould carry out of the country, which he was to leave, both in fafl and appearance, a Kitptr. Mules are the only bealls for cairiage com- monly ufcd ill .'\byllinia, tlioueh bulls and cows, of 1 particular kind, arc bought for the piirpol'e by (irriers, merchaiiis, and lueli hk'-, in iliai touiiiry, cfpeci»lly near ihe mines or (juanii s of f.ilt ; they irc very (low, however, and cap'')le of ii-i great burden, though very ealilv inaniia ned. Mr. liruee had abundance of mules of his r>wn for carr\ing his inllru'iiriits and bagg.ige ; and the k'lig and licglic furniihid him with others lor Ins own riding, lie lud, befidcs, two favourite ho'fes, wlich lie intended (0 aiicmpi to carry home, foolilbly ei ough ; for tbou.;h he thouglit in his own mind, that he was fuf- Jcicnily informed of, and prepared for all forts of hardlhips, he had nnifvireteen the hundredth pari of the diOicultics and dangers that were then awaiting him. When the Iieghc had reiurnrd, Mr. liriicc always lived at Kofcam liy tier own defire, as her health was very precarious biice her lelidence in (>ojam. This fuitcJ his intention of withdrawing privately, and thercfiire, not to multiply the number of leave- takings, he had reduced his whole attendance to the Im!i{ and (jui en. All Mr. Hrucc's attention was now taken up in preparations for bis return ilirough the kingdom of Scnnaar and the Uefert. Ttiila Chriilos, who was nnc of ihe chief prielts of Condar, was a native of r.njaui, and confequenily of the low church, or a folliiwer of Abba F.ullathiiis, inotlur winds, as great ancncmv as podible to the Catholic, or as iluy will aWw, lb( rfliiion tif the I'rtiiiks. lie was, however, ri|mii'd a perfon of great probity and lantlity of inanncrt, and had been on all (iccahoiis rather civil aiiii fiicndly to Mr. Hnicc when ihcy met, ihoiigh rvidently not defirous of anv intimate connexions or Iricndfhipi and as Mr. Hiuce, on his part, PNpetted liiile advantage from connet'ling liimlelf wiili a man i)f his principles, he very willingly kept at all podible diltance. 1 Ins priell came often to the Iieghd's and Alto , Ay Id's, with both of whom he was much in favour; and here Mr. Hrucc happened to meet him, ulun lie was taking his leave in the evening. " I beg ol you, laid he, Yagoube, as a favour, to tell me, MOW you are immediately going away from this country, and you can aniwer me without fear. Are Kill really a Frank, or arc you not I'" — " Sir, laid Mr. Hriire, I do not know what you mean liy feari I Itiould a:, liiile decline aiifwering you any (jiieltion Miu iiave to a(k had 1 ten years to (lay, as now 1 am loquit ihis eminlry to-murrow : ' came recommended, and was well received by the king and Ras Michael : I neither taught nor preached 1 no man ever heard inc fay a yord about my paniculur iiiudc of worlhip j 7». 'r. ... . . . / and as often as my duty has called me, I have never failed to attend divine fervice as it is cltabiithed itl this country. What is the ground of fear that I fhould have, while under the king's proteflion, and cultoms of AoytTinia ?" — "True, replied 1 cnfa Chrillos, i <' ) not fay you fliould be alarnied ; what-* ever your faith is, I will defend you myfelfj the Iieghe knows I always fpoke well of you : but will you gratify an old man's cuiioliiy, in telling me whether or not you ri ally arc a Frank, Catholic, or jefiiit ?" " I have too great a regard, replied Mr. Bruce, to the re(|uc(f of a man, fo truly good and virtiicus as you, not to have anfweied yon the quettion at wba'evcr time you could have afked me ; and I do now declare to you, by the word of a Chriltian, that my countrymen and I are more dillant in matters of religion, from thefe you call Catholics, Jefiiits, or Franks, than you and your AbyfTians are; and that a priell of my religion, preaching in any country i'ubjed to thole l''raiiks, would as certainly be brought 10 the gallows as if he h.id coinmitied muider, and jult as Ipeedily as you would Hone a Catholic priell preaching here in the iiiidll of (Jcndar. Every man III our country is allowed to ferve God in his own way J and as long as their lcach;rs confine theiiifelves to what ihe faered hook.-, have told them, ihey can teach no ill, and therefore defirve no punifhment. No religion, indeed, teaches a man evil ; but, when forgeiting this, they preach againll government, curfe the king, abfolve his fiihjcCls from allegiance, or incite them to rebellion, .is being lawful, the fword of (he civil power cuts them off", without any blame falling upon their religion, becaufc thefe things were done in contradiction to what their priefts, from the Icriptuic, fhould have taught them were truly the tenets of that very religion" 'Ihe ItegI.e now inter- poled, and the fubjecl tenninated. Hereupon .Mr. linicc got up, and, paffing to tlie other tide of the room, he Itood by Teiifa Chrillos, faying to him, " .And now, holy father, I bave one latt favour t(j afk \ 011, which is your forgiveneis, if I have at any time oll'ended you ; your hiclling, now that I am immediatelv to depart, if I have not; and your prayers while on my long and dangerous jour- ney, through countries ol Infidels and Pagans." There was a hum of applaule founded all through- out the room. The Itcglie laid fumcthiiig, but what, Mr. Bruce did not bear. Tenia Chrillos was fur- prifed apparently nt Mr. iiruce's humility, which he had not expected, and cried out with tears in his eyes, " Is it pollible, Yagoube, that you believe my prayers can do you any good ?" — " I fliould not be a (Ihiiltian, as I piotels to be, Father, replied Mr. Bruce, if I had any doubt of the cttltl of good men s prayers." So faying, he Itooped to kil's hit hand, when he laid a Imall ironcrofs upon his head j and, to our traveller's great fiirprite, inllead of a lienediclion, he repeated the Lord's Prayer. Mr, Bruce was afraid he would have kept him Hooping nil he (hdiild add the ten coinmaiidmcnts likewile, when he concluded. May (iod lilefs you. After which, Mr. Itriice made bis obeilance to the Iteghe, and inimediaiely withdrew', it not being the ctiltom, at public audiences, to falute any one in theprefuncc of the lovcreign. Now twenty greafy monks had placed tbemfelves in his way as he went out, that they might bave the credit of giving him the bletfing likewile after lenrj ( hrillos. As be had very little faith in the prayers of thefe drones, fo he had tome reludancc to kits their greafy hands and (lecvcs; however, in running this dilagrceable gauntlet, he gave them his blcfling in Knglilb, — " I.oRu fend you all a baiter, as he did to Abba Salama," meaning the Acab Saat. But they, thinking he was recommending them to the iiatriarch Abba .Salama, pronounced, at random, with great leemiiig devotion, their Amen, — So be it. Mr. liruee being now releafed from all dilagrceable cere- monies, prepared for his jouriicv. 8 .M .. CHAP. ' ». '-' I '.■ '"<" ■ vv:i- 'i\% u^-mini Pi V5. J 4 I'll; 6ix> NEW COLLECTION ok VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ■liii Is';? I '* CHAP. III. Mr r. Bruce's Joitrih-y frcm (jjiidtir Ic Tchcrkiii — His reception from Ozoro Fjlhrr, ifc.'^c. — llitntiii^ ^f Utx Elephant, Rhinoceros, Ihijfiilo, (^c. — .Iceomit of his Ir.ivrls from Tchcrkin to Ikr-CacaiKcot, in Rascl-rcel~^,jA Hor-Ciciimocl to leavca — I'lirious I'raifaflions ihert — The ibeUt ultempts to Jeliiin Mr. U'rct e, Xiho n'-jci i:n and his Wives AfeJiriiies — 7ijeir Cunverfalions — Proofs of the Sbekb's -TreJeber} — Mr. IJiiut i.'s Departure fr.n 'Iryzvtt — His Ai riiiil lU Jielgu — Account of his Reception there and among the Xuli! — His Arrival at Sc)Wiii::r-~ CoKi'rfr.ti.in'iciih ibi- Kiir^'—Ajterivurds nilb Sb,kb /ideliut — Litervieiv liith the Knifjs Ladies — It'iib Aihinf!^ Account cf the DfrJers, Trade, isc. of Smiiaar — Dijireffed .Slluatirn of Mr, liHi'cF. — His Departure fy^ Sennaar — Arrival at Lbcndi — Hi< Reception by ^ittina, and t.^iiverfation ivilh her — Uts E'!lra>ice into the Dcfat— Account (f /be Pillars of viovini; S.iiid — The Simoom, i^c. ij?c. — Difijicrs — Arrival and kind Recepir,:: jt Ajfoiian — At Cairo, iie. £?(•. — The Cr.nchifw. ABOUT one o'clock in tlic aficriioon, Oecembcr u6, 1771, Mr.- IJrucc left (iondar. lie had purpoled 10 let out early in the 'noriiinp;, bui was detained by the importunity of his friends. The king had delayed his fcttini; out, by fevcral orders font him in the evening each day; and he plainly faw there was Tome mcanuig in this and that he was wilhiiig to throw diliiculties in the way, till fome accident, or I'lidden cnicr^cncy, never waniinj> in that country, Hiouid make ii ablolutely impollihie for him to leave Aliyllinia. When, therclore, the lall mclfa^e came to Kol'cam on the 27th, at night, Mr. liruce returned his iclpcttru! duty to iiis ma- jelly, put him in mind of hisproniife, and fomewliat pccvidily, he believes, cniieated him to leave him to his fortune ; tlut hii lervanis were already ^one, and he was rrlulved to let out the next day. Karl)- the next morning, Mr. llriiee was furpril'cd at the arrival of a youii!; luihlemaii, lately made one of his bed-chamber, with liliy lijjht-horfe. As he wa-. laiislicd, that leaving Altsdinia, without parade, as privately as pollihie, was ihc only way to pals through Sennaar J he ilKTefore infilled upon none of liis friends accompanying iiim, and he liegged 10 decline this clcort. At one o'clock, .Mr. Hruce fit out by the well (ide of Dchra Tz.ii, having the niouiuain on their lighi hand. From the top el that alccni, they law tLe plain and 11. t counirv below, black, and in its appearance, one tliii k wood, which fonie authors have called l.ilel), the Sluinicia, or Nubian lorell. He now advanced do\sn the flecp fide of the mountain, through very llrong and rugged ground, torn up by the torrents that fall on every (idc from above. 'I'his is called the Defeeiit of Moiira ; and though both our travellers and their bealls were in great health and Ijiiriis, they could not, with their imnoll endeavours, advance much more tli.iii one niile an I'.our. 'I'hc) eiitired a lliirk wood on the i8lh, wiiidin;{ lound a hill, in ,1 iouili-eall direi tioii, (o gM into the plain below, xihere thiy were farroiiiuled by a great tnuitiiude oi iiien, armed with lances, IhiehK, lliiigs, and large clubs or lluks, wlio rained a Ihower i>t floiies lovcards ihcm ; but ihe\- were ,it fur h a didattce, that all of them Kll greatly (liorr of ihein. Whether this was owing to fear, or not, tl'.e) did not kiiovk ; but luppoling that it wai, ihcv thought it tlieir inierell to keep it up as iriui h as pollible. Mr. Ilniee, there- lore, ordered two (hot, to i,i- llied over their h ads; not with any inteiiiiun 10 hurl them, but to let them hear, by the balls wlnllling among the leaves of the trees, that their f>iins carried hiriher than any of their llings; and that, diltinl as thev then wur, they were not in falety, if they had a ililjuiliiioii to do harm. 1 hey feemed i) iinderl! and llieir meaning, liy gliding throtigh ainong the bullies "I'li api'earing at the top of a hill iuiilur oil, where they coiiiinued lioo]iing and crjing, iind making Ii ',ns, whiih our travellers could n -i, neither did ihry emleavour to undcrllaiid. While rellin;; on the banks of il-,e river Mogettli, ihey iiad been overtaken bv two men and twal. .'imen, who were driviit", fan leaded alks, ami were going to 'rchtrl.iii; tliey hud deiired lea\e to keep compati)' wiiii our iravclkis, (01 fear of danger on tlic road. Mr. Hrucc had two AliylTinlmi fervants. but they were not yet coinc up, attciiii;i one of the baggage mules that was lame, 'fhcy ,cro 1 obliged then to have rerourfe to one of thefc llijn women, who undcrllood the language of i'l^rc, .n.l undertook readily to carry their iiu.ll.ige 10 a lii mi who was Hill very huly making h'.ns from bch,,.ii j 1 tree, without coming one (lep neater. The mclldgc .Mr. liruce lent tlicm was, that if i',-^ (hewed the fmallell appearanre of further iiifoltiitc cither by approaching the tent, or llingiiig IIuiicj;!;.: night, the next morning, when the horle hcex))(!tcj were come up, he would Innn their town, and r^i every man of them to the fword. A veiy lii'Dmilv; anfwcr was fent back, with a heap of lie^ in c\ciifc of what they called their iiullake. His two fcrvanu coming loon alter, both of whom, hereafter, wcrt to be in the fcrvice of ,\sto C onfii, went bdldlvuiie to each village, to bring twi) goats, Ionic jars cf bou/.a, and to prepare fifty li>aves of bread for next morning. The goats were dilpatched inlUniK, h was the bou/a; lint when the moining came, tl.c people had all lied from their houfes, withovu pre. paring any bread, Thele villages were called ni;;!. baar. Ihey were three in numlirr; each (itu.iuJ upon the lop (jf a pointed lull, in a direction liuia call to well, and made a veiy beautiful appcarantc from the plain below. 'I'hey Icll the iiiholpilabic villages of Ginibaaren the 29th, not '.viiIkuu eiuerlainiiig loinc appreheiifui, oi meeting the inhabitants again in ihe cuiirle of i!;i day. Km though tliev took every precaiiiiun agaailt being lurpnled, that prudence could diclaie, lho:r fears of the eiieouiucr did not lil'c to ai.y grcu height. Mr. Bruce got, indeed, 011 lioifcbicl, leaving his mule, and, putting on his coat uf iiuil, leaving the (ire .irms under the conuiiand uf Il,i;i Ilmael, the old Turk, he rode always about a (jiiarict of a mile before the baggage, that they mi;;lii m: come luddenlv u[»on them, as tl.ey had dune the night before. However, they met with nooppulilu::, but proceeded on lo Waalia; and at hall pill |i ur III the aiieinoon encamped in the market plaf'-. Tills Waalia is a collctlion of villages, each place! upon the top of a hill, and cmloling, at in a cuili, an exieiilive ilat piece of griuind about three inm> over, on which a very well fieiiuented inarl.ct !• kept. The name is given it from a fpecie.s ol Ir.uil pigeons, with yellow brealU anil variegated li.icli , th: fattcll and bill of all the pigeon kind. W'W.'j lies due .\. W. lioin Goiidar. They left Wa.ilia on the 30th, and prorccddl along the Mai I.uini, or the River of I.einuns. A prodigious (pianiity of fruit loa.'ed the braiuhcsuf thele trees, even likely lo break ,hem \ and ilidf weic ill all llages of lipeiiels. Multitudes id Mi ;■ Coins covered the oppolile p.»rt of ihc tree, and km forth the moll delicious odour pollible. They pro- vided theinfelves amply with this fruit. The nauvc make no ule of it, but our travellers found itaijiivt relrelhrnent 10 them, bodi mi.'ii.d wiih duir v.iiii, and as fauee to their meat, of which thev had nm no gre.ii variet\ (inee llieir onions had luted llicii, and a lupply of ihtni was to be procured imjni^rr.. Soon alter they reached the pals of UovDvlil'''. ■' MIV B RUCE's TRAVEL. I , rv narrow delile, full of llrata of r 'f lijirs, but lo high, that, without ' I " lied up, no horle or mule can ad Ihc delcrni, though Ihort, is very lli tUcd "P h '"'R*^ '*'""-'*' ^'"'^'^ ''" ■.ilhiiig the eartli from about them, I fmiii die inowntain above. Both fid ,. covered ih.ek with wood and bi Ldetellahle thorn the kantulfa, I , ,^.,1 ill Abvllinia. Having exinc JciclshiHv from this pals, their Ipiriis^ ,1,11 they began 10 think their jour f„'d ni>i rellefling how many palle jj,,!,tr, wfie Hill betore them. Mr. lUure having drelfed his ha jcciirdii'R to the eiiltom of the couiii jl^.jn clothes, with no other arms bu ,pai. (if pilt"ls at his girdle, came 10 imnint his mulv- for Vclierkin. on (Ic now faw Coiifu's lervant, whole |,,;j Yafous, pulling the Guinea low (111 of the pannier, where his f rvant and I'cattering them upon the groumJ, ,1,0 leterrupted him, " I'hi .w .e.. a voulhall have a better breakla.t and and mil""!; '" *'^'^- "'■'"^'■■' "'"^'; ' pliali-d at iVcing him drefled, and iha ;„ ule the Abyfliiiian haDit, he jui mule, and appeared in great fpiriis (rtitatahrilkcr pace than ulual, hy 1 ,l,c [WO frelh mules. I hey palled ih of leveral fmall villages ; and at I pitched his tent in the market plac 5,|,jj, (eemcd a beautiful lawn laid ( (haded with hue old tiees, of an ei and li/e, and watered by a liiull h brook, riinmng over beds of pebbles a Wcllcia Yahtiis was fo very imp Kould only give Mr. Ikiice time to Ii ind other mllrumenis (afely (lowed, a il!roU:>h a very narrow and crooked 1 of the mnuiilain, at every turn of wl , (.rf.1t rock or Hone, the l»»tion fntiladeihc difl'ereni llages of the roa itwjK llrai^ht for any dillanre. They (he outer C'Oirt, where Mr. Bruce li of his old acquaintance, whom he O/iiro Kllher's hoiil'e at Gondar, a romed him with the greatcll demon! ai if he h,id come (iom a long j( K'ow Mr. Bruce was taken loan i vhcre, to his great furprife, inlltad of law his mother, Ozoro Kllher, fiuin", ailurleei the fecretary s daughter, ihi Mari.im; and, foots after, the lecret icvcral others belonging to the court nvidt a profound obeilanee, " 0/.i Mr Biuce, I cannot Ipeak for lur] the mcaaim; of your having left ( into this wildernels .' As for TecU V liirprifcd Bt (eeing her; I know II vinuld rather die than leave \ou ; In Imih come hither without .Ayto C ihort a time, is what 1 eaniiot " flierc is nothing fo llrange in ihi tfther, the tmops of Begcinder hav hiitoind, Ras Michael, God kno\ ihcrcfore, being now a lingle woinai to ^o to |eriilHlem to pray for my hu there, and be buried in the Holy J Monid not Hay with us, I'o we are Is there any thing furpriling in all il mr, truly, laid Tecia Mariam, you ihitii;, while peeping and poring th gblTes, did not you learn by the lUr intct \ oil here ?" — " Mad.im, anlw il ther" was one (tar in the (irmam iioiinced to me fuch agreeable ne\ nljplcd into the old idrdatry of 1 worlhippcd that liar for the fell of 1 3 Y AGES AND TRAVELS. BRUCE's TRAVELS to discovkr thk RIVER NILE in EGYI'T. 6,;i P. III. crption from Ozoro Fftbrr, ifi:''^c.~Ilu,uin7 cf r •h from Tchi-rkin to Ihr-Caeav.oot, m RiU-cUl-ce\J.i \ e iibekb iiiumpis to delain Mr. Ij'^fct, id'o vh- "" f Ihc AljrkbS -Trcucbery—Mr. Hii ud.'s Departure' fT\ 'I tbne and among tbc Xulii—llis Arrival at Scmml an—I:!icrvmv ii-ith tbc Knit's l.aJtts—ll'ith ^,i»,'.~" iJtnfrd.Siltuilirn of Mr. Uki-ck— ///.- ZV/,,,/;,^//,'? vcr, on which it very well fnqueiited tiijri.ci i. cpi. The name i.s given it from a Ipecies ol Ir.i.ll gcons. with yellow breads and variegated b,uk , !-• fitted and bell of all the pigeon kind. Wajiia -•s due .\. \V. lioiii Gondar. They left Wualiii on the 30th, and procccddl ong the Mai l.umi, or the River of Lcinons. .\ odigioiis (jiiantiiy of fruit loa/ed the brandies uf cfe iiees, even likely to break ihcni; ami ilicif -•re ill all dages of lipencls. Multitudes of hid- ins covered the oppohte part of liic tree, and llni nh the moll delicious odour podible. They pru- ded tlieinlelves amply with tbi'- fruii. The naiivr-i akc no ulc of It, but our travellers found it a !;ic.:t liedinieiit 10 iliein, both ini\ed with their waiii, d as lauce to their meat, of which iliev had niw I gre.it variety (iiiee their oiiioH.s had f.ntcil tlicii, d a (upply of ihciii was to be procured nolnn'^rr. Soon alter they reached tlie pjis of Dovl)vhli.i, i vcn' ,,rrv narrow dehie, full of (Irata of rocks, like deps nflijirs, but fo high, that, without leaping, or being ulled up, no b<>rle or mule can afseiid. HelidcH, ihc delceiii. tlii>ugh (hort, i.s very deep, and almod fhiiLi'd np hy huge Itones, which the lorrenls, after walliinf? 'h'' earth from about them, had rolled down from liie inoiititain above. Both fide.s of the dchle jfc covered ill. ek with wood and bulhcs, elpecially 1 1[ (loiellable thorn the kantud'a, fo jiilHy repio- Liicil in .\bydinia. Having extricated iliemi'elves fuccclshilly from this pal's, their fpirits were to elated, that ilii'y hegan 10 think their journey now at an end lie' rellefling how many palle.s, full of real jj,,^tr, were dill before them. Mr. iUure having dreffed his hair, perfumed it according 10 the eiiltom of the eoumry, and put on clean cliiilies, with no other arms but hi.s knile, and )pai' of pilh'ls at his girdle, came out of the tent loiiuiunt ins mill? fOr Tclierkin, on January z, 1772. Pie iiDW law Confii's fervant, whole name was Wel- Ifij Ya'^>ns, pulling the Guinea fowls and pigeons mil of the p.iiinier, where his f rvants had put them, and Icaltering tl'.ein upon the ground, faying to thole „|,o irierruptcd him, " I'ht iw ..'.'ay liiis carrion 1 von Ihall lia**-" a hetter breakfait and dinner to day;" and iiiinmg t" ^^f- Hmce, more tlMii nidinarily pleated at IVcing hiin dredcd, and that he continued (0 ule the Abyrtiuian ha!)it, he jumped upon bis imilc, and appeared in great fpirits. I hey ill let (lutat a lirifkcr pace than ul'u.i!, by the adil'aiice of the two frcfh mules. '1 hey palled ihiougb the inidd of li'vcral fmall villages; and at lad Mr. Hriirc mtclud his tent in llie inarket place at Tch.rkm, »hjch leemcd a bcautirul lawn lai I out for pleature, (haded with hue old imps, of an enormous fitig't and lizo, and watered by a fmall but very limpid bfook, running over beds of pebbles a^ wnitc as liiow. Wellcia Yaious was fo very impatient, that he «(wld only give Mr. Hruce time to ke bis quadrant ind other niftrunicnis fafely (lowed, and burned him ihrou'h a very narrow and crooked path np the lide of the mountain, at every turn of which w.is placed 1 (jre.it rock or done, the d«tion for mulkels to enfilade the diH'erent dages of the road below, where ii tf.is llrai'.;ht for any dillanre. They at latl reached the outer cniiri, where Mr. Kruce law a great many of his old aci|iiaintancc, whom he had known at D/oro Kllher'.s hoiife at Goiular, and who all wel- cimied hiin with the grenti d deniondrations of joy, ai if he had come lioiii a long journey. N'ow Mr. IVruce was taken loan inner apartment, vliore, tit his great furprife, indtad of Ayto ( 'oiifu, be faw his moiher, Ozoro Kfllier, fiiiin'^ on a couch, and aiherfeetthefeeretary s dauglitt-r, the beaiitifiiirecla Mariaiii; and, foon after, ibe lecreiary 4iimfel(, and icvcral others belonging 10 the court. .'Viler having m.idt a profound obeilance, " Oxoro Klllur, laid Mr Hiuce, I cannot (peak for furprilo. What is die incaaiii" of your having left f loiidar to come into this wilderiiefs .' As for Teelii Mariam, I am not hirprifcd lit feeing her; I know ihe, at any time, would rather die than leave \ou; hut that you havi' lioih come hither without .\yto ( onfii, and in lo Ihort a lime, is what I cannot eom|ireliriid." — " iherc is nothing fo llrange in ibis, replied O/.oro I'flher, the troops of Ilegenider have taken away my hiiHiaiid, Ras Michael, (fod knows where; and, ihcrefarc, being now a lliigle woman, I am rel'olved tosjoto leriifalem to pray for my hulb.ind, and to die ihiTc, and be buried in the Holy Si[)ulchre. Yoii >ioiild not day with us, Jo we are going witli you. Inhere any thing furprifmg in all tins P" " IJiit tell nr, truly, laid Tecla Mariam, you that know every ihini;, while peeping and poring through thefe long glaffes, did not you learn by the lUr.s that we were tw meet ) 011 here ?" — " Madam, aniwercd Mr. Bruce, il iliei" was one ftar in the (irmanieiit timt liad an- iiDiiiiced to me fiicb agreeable news, I (liould have nlapled into the old idolatry of this country, and worlliippcd that lUr for the rell of my life." BrcaU- falf now came in; the converfaiion took a very lively turn, and from the fecretary our traveller learned that the matter flood thus: " flic king, rcdoring the villages to the Iteglie, according to the flipulaiion of his lad treaty with I'owud'en, tlimight that he might lo far infringe upon it, from gratitude to Ras Michael, as to give part of the number to Ozoro Kdber, the Iteghe's daughter; and Ayto Coiifu, going to Tcher- kin 10 bunt, he took his mother along with him to put her in polfclfioii ; for the Iiegiie's people were not lambs, nor did iliey pa\' much regard to the orders c;f the king, nor to that of the Iiegbe their niifhefs." Ayto Confu came about four o clock, and with him Ayto Kngedan, and a great company. 'J'bere was nuthing but rejoicing on all lide.s. Seven ladies, relations and companions of O/.oro Edher, came with Ayto Confu : and Mr. liriicc confeffes this to have been one of the happied moments of his life. He quite forgot the difadrous journey he had before bini, and all the dangers iliat awaited bin). He began even to regret being fo far in bis way to leave Abyflinia for ever. Ayto Confu 's lioufc at Trhcrkin is built on tl.c edge of a precipice, which takes its name Irom the mountain Amba Tcherkin. It is budt all with cane very artificially, the outer wall being comiiolcd of fafcines of canes, fo neaily joined together as not to be penetrated by rain or wind. The entry is from the louth-lide of it, vcrv crooked and difhcult, half way u|) the r"ck. On the call, is a very plentiiul Ipring, which furnidies the houle with e.vcellcnt water. Yet, after all, this boufe, though inaccelhble, is not delenlible, and adords very little fafety to its mailer; for the Sliangalla, with Hax, or any thing coinbudiblc, tied to the point of their arrows, would eafilv let it on hre if ibey once approach it; and the Abvirinians with guns could as calily dedroy it, as, on fuch oc- cafions, they wrap their balls in cotton wads. The infide of the date rooms were hung with long dripes uf carpeting, and the doors c ivered wiih the (ame. There is great plenty of game about 1 clierkin of every fort, elephants, rhinocerofes, and a great num- ber of buifaloes, which difJ'cr nothing in form from the buflalocs of Egypt, but very much in temper and difpohtion. 'I'hey arc hcrce, lafb, ami fearlefs ol danger; and, contrary to the prattice of any other creature not earn, porous, they attack the traveller and ibc hunter equ.illy, and it requires addrcfs to elcapc from ibcm. 'I'bey (ecm to be, of all others, tlie creatures mod given to cafe and indulgence. 'I'bey lie un(h:r the (liady trees, near large pools ol waii'r, of which they make condant ufe, and deep foiindly all the day long, 'i'iie flefh of the female is ver\ good when (at, but tli.it of the male, bard, lean, and difagieeablc. Their horns are uled in various manners bv (be turners, in which craft the Abyflinianii arc very clever. Notwithdanding they were all happy to their wifk in this enchanted mountain, tbc atlive f|)irit of A\to Cimfii could not red; he was come to bunt the ele- phant, and hunt him he w(uild. All tbol'e that un- derdood any thing of t'lis e.xcrcile bad aHeinbled from a great (lidance to meet Aylo Confu at Tcher- kin. He and Kngedan, from the moment they ar- rived, bad been overlooking, from the precipice, ilieir (ervants training and managing their horles in the market-place below. Great bunelies of tbc liircll canes had been brought from Kuura for javcline.s 5 and the whole houle was employed in (itting bcadi> to them in tbc mod advantageous manner. Mr. Bruce, though he (ays he (hould have been very well contented 10 have remained where be was, yet the preparations for (port uf lo noble a kind routed bis fpirits, and made bini deOi'ou.s to join it. On the other band, tbc ladies all declared, that they thought, by leaving tbcm, tliey were devoting them to death or flavery, a.i they did not doubt, if the Shangalhi tnilfed the biiuting party, they would come forward to the mountain and (lay rhem all. l^ut n fufliciettt garriloavMisleft, and they were well affurcd that the Sliangalla, i I m Mit t m ^^y4r 692 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. m n My •iK\ Shangalla, being informed they were out, and armed, and knowing their nunihcrs, would lake care to keep clofe in iheir thickets far out of their reach. An hour before day, on the 6ih, after a hearty breakfall, they mounted on horfcback, to the nuin- bcr of about tnirty bph)nging to Ayio Confu. But there was anotiier body, both of iiorfe and foot, vli'ch made hunting tJic elephant their particular bufiriel's. Tiiefe men dwell conftantly in the woods, and iviiow very lit'lc of the ufe of bread, living cn- tiri'ly upon the flefli of the be.ids they kill, chielly that of the elephant or rhinoceros. They arc ex- ceedingly thin, light, and agile, hoih on horfcback and foot; arc very fw':inhy, though few of them black; none of them woollv headed, and ail of them have European features. I'hcy arc all (ailed Aga- geer, a name of their profcflion, not of their nation, vhich comes from the word .Agar, and fignifies to hough or ham-ftring with a (liarj) weapon. More properly it means, indeed, the cutting ilv tendon ol the heel, and is a charatt. riilic of die manner in which they kill the elephant, which is Ihorily as ollows: " Two men, abfoluttly luiUcd, wiihout any rag or covering at all about them, get on horfcback; this prccautic)nisfrom fear of being laid holdof by the trees or buflies, in n-.,ikiiig their clc.ipe from a very watch- ful enemy. One of thcfe riders liis upon the back ofthchorfe, fomctimes wiiii a LuUlle, and fometimcs without one, with only a Iwitch or fliort (lick in one hand, carcfullv ni.inagiiig ilie bridle with the other; behind him liis his companion, who has no other arms hut a broad-lword, fuch as is uled liy the Scla- vonians, and which is brouglu from Triellc. His left hand is employed gralping the fword by the liandie, and about fourteen inches of the blade is covered with whip-cord. 1 his part he takes in his right hand, withoui anv danger of being hurt by it; and, though the edges i>f the lower part of the Iword are as fljarp as a ra/or, he carries it NMihoiit a fcabhard. When the elephant is fmiui (ceding, the horleman rides before him as near his f.icc as poflible ; or, if lie llics, crolfes him in all direttions, crying out, " I am Inch a nun. and fuch a man ; tins is my horfc, that has liich a name; I killed your father in fuch a place, and your grandf.ith.rr in fuch another place, and I am now come to kilt \oii; you are but an afs in comparilon o( iluni.' This noiilenfc he verily believes the elephant uiiderll.inds, who, chafed and angrv at bearing the noi!l- immediately beluic hiin, leeks to feizc hini with l'.i> tuiiik, or probofiis ; and, intent upon this, follows the horle every where, turn- ing round with liiin Irequcntlv, negletUul nf m.iking bis ell ape by running llraight forward, in which conlilh his only (aieiy. .M'ler having made him tuin once in twice in purl'uit of the horle, the tiorleinan rides elol'c up along (1 le of him, and drops his com- panion jud behind mi th'- oil li !i ; and wliilc he en- gages the elephant s a;ieiuuin upon the luirle, the footman behind gives him a diuMi (Irokc jull above the heel, or what in mm 1. c.illcii the tendon .Achil- les. This is the critical moinent ; the burleinan im- mediately wheels round, and lakrs Ins conijiiinion up behind him, and liiles oH full Ipted after the rell of the herd, if they h.ive Hailed more than one ; and fometimes an expert Agii^ecr will kill three out of one held. If the Ivvurd is good, and ilie man not afraid, the tendon is coiTinvjnlv eniiiely (ipiialed; and if it is no! cut through, it is •;cnrr.illy lo far di- vided, that the aniuial, wait the III. 'Is he puis upon it, breaks the remaining part aliimlcr. In either cale, he remains incapable of aiU aiii ing a llrp, till the horfeman returnin.;, or his eompaiiioiis coming up, pierce him through Willi javelin^ and lances; he then falls to the ground, and expires willi the lofs of blood. " The Agagccr nearell Mr. Mriice prelfiiily lamed his elephant, and left liim ll.indiiig. ,\yi.) ICniiedan, Ayto Confu, Gucbra .\lariam, and (everal others, li.sed iherr Ipears in the oilier, lielore the /Vgigcer bad cut bii icnduns. Mr. Urucc t Agagcer, however, having wounded the lirft eleph?nt, failed in the purfuii,jf,| fecond ; and, being clofc upon him at eiiicriim ii, wood, he received a violent blow from a brancliofl a tree which the elephant had bent by his wcni,, I and, after palling, allowed it tg replace itfclf, \,L'\ it knocked down both the riders, and very mucii hurt the horfc. This, indeed, is the great d.iiiiicr in elephant-bunting ; for fonie of the trees, that are dry and Ihort, break, by the violent prcffiire n| fq immenfe a body moving (o rapidly, and fall upo^ the purfuers, or acrol's the roads. But the "rcaicH number of thel'e trees, being of a fiieciileiit ciialic, they bend without breaking, and return quicklv lu their former pofition, when ihey llrikc both liurfj and man Co violently, that they often beat ilicm ui piece.s, and featter them upon the plain. Dexiroiu loo, as the riders are, thceiiphani lonieiimcs reaches' them with his trunk, with MJiich he dallies tin- li(,r|i. againll the ground, and then lets his feet upon hi,,, till he tears him limb from limb wiih his prllb^)flI^■' a great many hunters die this way. Belidcs [];■' the loil, at this time of the year, is fplit into ;], ,' chalins, or cavities, by the lie^it of the fun, !« |j ,'( nothing can be more d.mgeroii., than the rid!;i>. \.^ foon as the elephant is (lam, they tut ilic Mlidf [jfji, off his bones into thongs, like the reins of » briiilc- and hang thefe, like fedoons, upon the hramiit, n|' trees, till they become perfedly dry, wiilioui fail and they then lay them by for their puviliuii indic feafon of the rains." Now only two elephaiils remained of ttiofe i!;j( liad been dilcovcred, which were a (lie one v'i:h 1 calf. The Agageer would willingly have let ihilc alone, as the teeth of the female arc very I'null, ar.d the young one is of no fort of value, even for food its llelh Ihrinking much upon drying. Hut the liun- tcrs would not be limned in their Ipnrt. The pcoile having ubferved the place ol her retreat, tliiihcnh.v eagerly followed. She was very loon fuund, andii loon lamed by the Agageers; but when they camcio wound her wiih the darts, as every one did in ilcir turn, to their very great lurprile, the young one which had been lutlered to cicape unheeilcj and unpurliied, came out from the thicket apparcnilv in great anger, running upon the horlcs and m('ni.ii;i all the violeiue it w.is miller of. Mr. llrucf wi> ama/.ed, and as much as ever he was, upon fuch ;ii occalion, allliCted, at feeing the great aUctliiiiiijIike little animal defending its wouiiiKil mother, hccii.^li of its own life or falel\. He, ihereiore, criid lo them for (iod's fake to Ipare the mother, tiiou.'i it was then too latc; and the calf had nude Icvaul rude attacks upon Mr. Bruce, which he avoided without diihiuliy ; but he l.iys he is happy lu i!.h day, in the relleclion that he did not Itrike it. .\( lall, making one of his attacks upon .\yio Knqcdji:, it hurt him a liiile on the leg; upon which lie tlniit it throiigli with his lance, as ollii rs did afar, j:.d : then jell dead before iis wounded mother, wliuiii .! had lo artettionately defended. Our travellers tlien lought about for the bclFulo:) and rhiiiociroles ; but though there was piciiiy .T biilh in the iieigliboiirhood, they could iiol iiid them ; their nolle and fliootlng in the morning liavii:; proh.ibly fc.ind them away. One rhinoceros vjs onlv leen by a lervant. They returned in ikt-fvcii ing to a great lire, and lay all night under ilie lii.idc ol trees. \'ery early the next morning they were on luirli back 111 Icaich of the rhinoceiofes, many <>i whiiii they bad heard make a very deep groan and crya> the morning approached; feveral of the A^'iS'"''" then joined them ; and, after they had learihid about an liour in the very thickell part of ilie woi!, oiiKof them rullied out with great violence, erolhii; the plain towards a wood of canes (hat was ahum im ' miles dillante. But though he ran, or rather tiotic ', with furpriling fpccd, conlidering his bulk, lie ii.i>, inaveiy little tunc, iranslued with thirty or lunv javelins; which lu cunfuunded hiiii, that lie hltl- .AVELS. failed ill the piirfuit of ii)5 upon him at filtering ,|,J lit blow IVom a branch of t had bent by his w,!.,],, [ It t<} replace itfelf, wh^^ e »)ders, and very miici, L-cd, IS the great diiDitcr in ;ic of the trees, ii,at are he violent prciriire nf fo lo rapidly, and jail ^on \ i roads. But the grea'ieU 18 of a fiitciilent qiial,,..^ '«. "";,- s very loon found, andji sj hut when they camcw as every one did in t'lieir lurprife, the younj; one lo elcape uiiheedcJ and the tliiikct apparently lii the liorles and men \,iiii lUr of. Mr. llruci- was er he was, upon luch an ihc ftrcal ali'ctlioiuil th; iuik1i:(1 inoilier, hctd.di lie, therefore, cried to are the mother, thui):ii le calf had made IcvcijI iicc, which he avoided lys he is happy to i!.n le did not Itrike it. .At L'ks upon ,\yto Kii;;cdji;, )> ; upon which lie iliiiit s ollu rs did after, a:;d :i iitnded inuthei, Vtliuiii .; d. t about for the biilFalod j;li there was picmy "f d, they could not lii;d u\^ in the niornini; haviV;; . One rhinoceros v.j\ •y returned i'l ilii' even- II night under the lliidc ling ihoy were on horle- leeiofes, many of whiili deep groan anil cry ji feveral of the Anai^eeii ficr they had leareluJ liekell part of the wrad, 1 great violtiiee, trolhiv; :aiu's that was ahoiit u > he ran, or ralhei inniei, ering his bulk, he w.i>, icd with thirty or luiiy (i liim, lliat he Idi li- purpi'ic BRUCE's TRyVVELS to discover the RIVER NILE in EGYPT. 693 piiipofi- of going to the wood, and ran into a deep hole, ditch, or ravine, a c;// de Jac, without outlet, breat'ig above a dozen of the javelins as he entered. Here they thought he was caught as in a trap, for he had fcarix room to turn; when a fcrvant, who hid a nil. Handing dircf lly over him, fired at his liead, and the nniinal fell immediately, to all appcar- anccflcad. All ihofe on foot now ju'-'ied in with ihcir kv.ivcs to cut him up, and they hail fcarce be- ,,11, when the animal recovered fo far as to rife upon his kiircs; happy then was the man that efcap- fdlird; and had not one of the Agageers, who was himlclf engaged in the ravine, cut the finew of the hind leg as he was retreating, there would have been jvcrv lorrowfiil acc.nint of the foot-hunters that day. When Mr. Bruce difpaiched him, he was curious M Ice what wound the (hot had given, which had .ipcraicd fo violently upon fo huge an animal ; and lie doubted not it was in tlie brain. But it had llruck i,iii, no where but upon the point of the foremoft |,orn, iif which it had carried off above an inch ; and this occ.ilioned a conculTion that had ftunned him f.ir a miiuiic, till the bleeding bad recovered him. Mr. linicc prcfervcd the hoin from curiofity. Ere ihcy had gone far, a wild boar arofe between Mr. Bruec and Ayto F.ngedan, which our traveller im- mediaiely killed with hisjavelin. This was the fport Mr. Ilriicc had been many years ufed to in Barbary, and was infinitely more dexterous at it than any of the nrcfcnt company ; this put him more upon a par with his companions, who had not failed to laugh at him, ii"(in his liorfe's refufal to carry him near cither to il,,. elephant or rhinoceros. Mow .\mmonios was a man of approved courage jnd coiidufl : he had been in all the wars of Ras Mithai^li .ind was placed aliout Ayto Confu, to lead the troops curb the prefumption, and check the iinpetuoliiy of that youthful warrior. He was tall, and aiikwardly made ; How in fpeech and motion, ffiimich as even to excite ridicule; about fixiy years of ai;e, and more corpulent than the AbyflBnians "cnei ally are ; in a word, as pedantic and grave in his manner as it is polTible to cxprefs. He fpeni his whole leifure time in reatiing the Scripture, nor did he willingly difcoiirfe of any thing elfe. He had iieen bred a foot foldicr; and, though he rode as well u many of the Abyflinians, yet, having long llimiplcaihcrs, with iron rings at the end of them, ni) which he put his naked toe only, indead of ilirrups, he had no ilrength or agility on horfeback, :ior was his bridle fuch as could command his horfe 10 Hop, or wind and turn fliarply among trees, though Icinii^ht make a tolerable figure on a plain. A boar had wounded a horfc and a footman of \vio Confu, and then efc;ipeil. Two buH'aloes were 1 niiul by thole on the right, tine of which wounded ,1 horle likewifc. Ayto Confu, Engcdan, Fucbra Mariam, and Mr. Bruce killed the other with equal llure of merit, without being in any fort of danger. All this was in little more than an hour when their I'ut rccmed to beat the bed ; their horfes were con- 'd ra'ily blown, noi tired; and though they were iiijiiii!; homewards, dill they were looking very Mtnly for more game. Ammonios was on the left j'lioni; the biilhes, and fomc large, beautiful, tall iprcading-trees, clofc on the banks of the river Bc- liiiwi, which Hands there in pools. Whether the liitfalo found .Xinnionios, or Ammonios the buffalo, i^Hhat they cnuld never gel him to explain to them ; lull he bad wounded the beaft (lightly in the buttock, \>hicb, in retiiiii, had gored his horfe, and thrown liotli him ami it to the ground. Luckily, however. Ills cloak had fallen off, which the buffalo tore in jiieccs, ;ind employed himfelf for a minute with that and with the horfe, but then left them, and followed 'lie man as foon as he faw hitn rife and run. Am- :i'onios got behind one large tree, and from that to •iiHiiher (till larger. The buffalo turned very awk- wardly, but kept dole in purliiit; and there was no doubt he would have worn out their companion, who 78. was not ufed to fuch quick motion. Ayto Engedan, who was near him, and might have aflilted him, was laughing, at the droll figure Ammonios made; and continued calling to Confu to partake of the diverfion. As foon as Mr. Bruce heard his cries, he galloped out of the bufhcs to the place where he was, and could not help laughing at his ridiculous figure, very attentive to the bead's motions, which fecmed to dodge with great addrcfs, and keep to his advcrfary with the utmoft obdinacy. Confu immediately ar- rived, and laughed more than Engedan, but did not offer to interfere; on the contrary, he clapped his hands, and cried, " Well done, Ammonios," fwear- ing he never faw fo equal a match in his life. The unfortunate Ammonios had been driven from tree to tree, till he had got behind one within a few yards of the water; but the brufh-wood upon the banks, and his attention to the buffalo, hindered him from feeing how far it was below him. Nothing could be more ridiculous than to fee him holding the tree with both his hands, peeping fird one way, and then anotlier, to fee by which the bead would turn. And well he might be on his guard; for the animal was abfohitely mad, ffTing up the ground with his feet both before and behind. Mr. Bruce, thinking the joke might become ferious, cried to Ammonios to throw himlelf into the water, when he (hould drikc the bead ; and feeing the buffalo's head turned from Mr. Bruce, at full fpeed, he ran the fpear into the lower part of his belly, through bi.s whole intedines, till it came out above a foot on the other fide, and there he left it with a view to hinder the buffalo from turning. It was a fpear which, though fmall in the bead, had a drong, tough, feafoned (haft, which did not break by driking it againd the trees and bufhes; and it pained and impeded the animal's motions, till .Am- monios quitting the tree, dafhcd through the budies with fomc difficulty, and threw himfelf into the river. But here a danger occurred that Mr. Bruce had not forefeen. The pool was very deep, and Ammonios could not fwim; fo that though he cfcaped from the buffalo, he would infallibly have been drowned, had he not caught hold of fomc drong roots of a tree (hooting out of the bank; and there he lay in perfeft fafety from the enemy till the fervants went round, and brought him out of the pool on the further &de. During this time, the buffalo, mortally wounded, feeing his enemy had efcaped, kept his eyes intent upon the hunters, who were about forty yards from him, walking backwards towards the company, with intent to turn fuddcniy upon the neared horfc; when Ayto Confu ordered two men with guns to (hoot him through the head, and he indantly fell. The two they fird killed were females; this lad was a bull, and one of the larged, confeffedly, that had ever been feen. Though not fat, Mr. Bruce fuppofes he weighed nearer fifty than forty done. His horns from the root, following the line of their curve, were about fifty-two inches, and nearly nine where thickeft in the circumference. They were flat, not round. Ayto Confu ordered the head to be cut off, and cleared of its flefl), fo that the horns and fkeleton of the head only remained ; this he hung up in his great hall among the probofces of elephants, and horns of rhinocerolcs, with this infcription in his own language, " Tagoubt the Kipt killed this upon the Bedowi." The evening of the day on which they fet out to hunt, fome men arrived from Ras el Keel fent by Yafine, with camels for their baggage, nothing but mules being ufed at Tcherkiii. They brought word, that the Shangalla were down near the Tacazz6, fo that now was the time to pafs without fear; that .\bd cl Jelcel, the former Shuin of Ras el Feel, Yafine's mortal enemy, had been feen lurking in the country near Sancaho ; but as he had only four men, and was himfelf a known coward, it was not probable he would attempt any thing againd our travellers, though it would be always better for them to keep ou their guard. 8 N Tcherkin 'mm mm " m ■ i f'.9 1 XEW COLLECTION oi VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ! .i ■Icherkiii lia^ ■< lu.irkcioii Saturday, in whirli raw LOtinn, caiilc, ii-JiifV, and coarfc coitoii tlnilis arc lold. The Shangal'la formerly niolcfted TclK-rkiii "reailv, but for thirty years pall they had done little damage. The finall-pox raged I'o violently lor a j[uimber of ycar< among thciii, that it greatly diiiii- nilhed their numbers, and confcqueutly their power ot troubling their neighbours. They leli Tcherkin on the morning of the 15th of January, and entered immediately into thick woods; but proceeded very (lowly, the road being bad and unknown, if it could be called a road, and their camels overloaded. They came to Sancabo, an old frontier territory of Abyllinia, on the i7tb. The town may confill of about 300 huts or houlcs, neatly built of canes, .-ind curiouQy thatched with leaves of the fame. It rifcs in the midft of a plain, and rcfcmbles in fliape Tcher- kin Amba, though much larger; a conraleiablc dif- tritl all around belongs to it, of wilds and woods, if fuchas thcfe, abandoned entirely to wild bealh. can be (Hid to belong lo any man. The taft end (lopes with rather a Ueep dcfcent into the plain ; and through thai is a narrow winding road, (eemingly the work of art, being obftruacd at turns by huge (lones, and at different (»agcs. for the purpofc of defence by guns or arrows; all the other fides of the rock are perpcn- dicular precipices. The inhabitants of the town arc llaaCa, a race of Shangalla, converted to liie .Maho- met^' n religion. , , ,r Our travellers proceeded but a mile and a lidlf on the 2Jth, their beafts and ihemfelves bcinj equally fatigued, and their cloaths torn all to rags, when they arrived at Cuanjock. whieh h a very delightful fpol by the river fide; fmall woods of very high trees, Vncrfperfcd with very beautiful lawns; feveral fields alio cultivated with cotton; variety of game, clpe- cially Guinea fowls, in great abundance, and, upon every tree, parroqticts, of all the different kinds and colours, compofe the beauties of Cuanjock. .Mr. Bruce law no parrots, and fuppofes there were none; but on firing a gun, the firft probably ever heard in tLofe woods, there was fuch a fcrcaraing of other birds on all fides, fomc flying to the place whence the uoifc came, and fume flying from it, that it was impolTible to hear dillindly any other found. ILiving continued the journey from thence, at a quarter after one they cam« to Mariani Uhha, and at half pad three arrived at Hor-Cacamoot. Hor, in thai country. Cgnifics the dry deep bed »)f a tor- rent, which has ccafed to run ; and Cacamoot, the flidd'c of (kaih ; fo that Yafine's village, where they now took up ilieir quarters, is called the valley of the fliadow of ilcath. ilor-Cacanioot is fituatcd in a plain in the niidll of a woud, fu much only of which has been cleared away as to make room for the niifcrablc huts of ^^hich it confids, and for the (mall fpoLs of ground on which they fow niafliilla, or maize, tofurnilh them with bread. Their other food coiififts entirely of the llelli of the elephant and rhinoceros, and chiefly of the former; for the trouble of hunting the tie- phant is not greater than chafing the rI)inoccro», and the diderence of gain is much fuperior. The ele- phant has a greater quantity of better flefh, while his large teeth arc very valuable, and afford a ready price evcrv where. The inhabitants being Utile acquainted witli the ufi: of fire-arms, the Imallcr game, of the tleer kinil,, are not much moleflcd, unlcis by the wild Shangalla, who make ufe of bows and arrow.s, (y that thcle aniinals arc incrcafed beyond imagination. Formerly Ras cl Feel confided of thiriy-ninc vil- l^gcs. All the Arabs of Aibara refortcd to thcin with butter, honey, horfcs, gold, and many other com- modities; and the Shekb of Atbara, living upon the frontier of Scnaar, entertained a condant good cur- ralpondcnce with the Shekh of Ras cl Fctl, to whom lie lent ) early a Dongola horfc, two razois, and two dogs. The Shekh of Ras cl Feci, in return, gave him a mule and a female flavc ; and the clfed of ihi* iniercDurre was to keep all the intermedintc .\r,ilnii| their duty, liut fince the expedition of Yafoiis I| a!;iin(l Scnnaar, no peace has c^•er liibddcd bctwcii the two dates ; on the contrary, all the Arabs thai allilU'd the king, and were defeated with hini, p^ tribute no longer to Scnnaar, b'ut live on the fron tiers of /\l)ylfinia and are protctlcd ihrrc. .March the lyih, they Cet out from lIor-Ca>Mn](i,;; on their JDUrney to Tcawa, the ca])ilal nf i;.n p^^ vince of .Aibara. I'.arly in the morning (if the ig;;. they coniijui'.u their journey through thiek, and J.' nioll impenetrable woods full of thorns; and in [„ , hours came to the bed of a torrent, though, in apncur i aiue, dry, upon digging with their hands in ihel,,,;:. faiul, ilicy found great plenty of fre(h water cxcrc' ingly well tadetl, being (heltered by projecling rticf; from the atlion of the fun. This is called Smlj Shekh. Here they filled their girbas, for there is very little good water to be found between this juj 'J'eawa. A gitba is an ox's (kin fquarcd, and the edges fewcd together very artificially by a double feani, wij^i, dues not let out water, much refcmbliiig that upon the bed Englilh cricket-balls. An opening iijth;,, the lop of the girba, in the fame manner as the Iniii'. hole of a cafi;. Around this the Ikin is gathered in the Qic of a large handful, which, when the girba i, full of water, is lied round with whip cn'.\ a. I his atteiulanis, (liewcd, at parting, that love and j:. tachmeui they lud condantly prefervcd to .\Ir. Uiuic fince their fird ;'.cquaintiince. Our travellers arrived at Imferrha, on the i.ih, and froui thence were two hours in going to Rj|„.,!, ("or they were (lying for their lives; the .>';",./■, i,[ hot-wind, having djruck them not long after tlicv hjj fet out fiuin Imferrha; and their little coiiijiac, , j.i but .Mr. Bruce, Iclt fick with the ((uantiiy ol puiim:- ous vapour that they hud imbibed. From R.iUndu Imferrha it is about Civc niiics; and tlunigh 11 m '». of the mod dangerous halting places hetucen iu> cl I'eel and Sennaar, yet they were lo cnerv,;;:,!, their domachs Co weak, and their headadis Id uo- lent, that they could not pitch their tent, bnUi.i wrappiag himfcif in his cloak, refigncd himleirii'' mtdtaicly to flcep, under the cool (hade of ihc iar.;c trees, invited by the pleafant breeze from the lunil:, which fcenicd to be merely local, conliiicl to ih:t fmall grove, created probably by the vicinity of ilic water, and the agitation they had occafioned in 11. In this helplefe date 10 which they were reduced, Mr. Bruce alone continued nut weakened by the Siinoom, nor overcome by deep. \ Ganjar Arab, who diuvt an als laden with (alt, took this opportunity «l lldl- ing one of the mules, together with a lance and iiuolJ belonging to one of Mr. Brucc's fcrvaiiis. The countiy was (u wnody, and he had (0 niiicii the ad- vantage of ihcm in pout of imc, and ihcy were w fo weak, and difcouraged a date, that it was iiK)iii;lii in vain to purfuc him one dcp. So he got oil '.viiii hi:i booty, unlefs he was intercepted by foiiie ni ilmii: wild beads, which he would find every where in I" w ay, whether he returned to Ras el Feel, or the Um tiers of Kuara, his own country. Wheiuliey hadrefrclhedihemfelveswithaliitleflfi]'. tlioir next care was to (ill their girbas, or (kins, wi;:i water. But before they aucmpted this, Mr. Bnitc thuuglit to. try an experiment of mixing about twemv dici,. BRUCEs TRAVELS to dis-over the RIVER NILE in EGYPT. ^95 llic intcrmciliatc Arolis,, lr„|)s of rpirit i)f nine in a horn oF water about tlic o^jolaii ordinnv iiiinl)lL'r. 'Ilii:; lu- loiind greaily ffclluil liini, ilumf^li his hcad-acii Hill coiuiaucci. I |,;,(l a nuicti hi'ticr c-IFctk upon his I'crvants, to u'nom li^-' fi''^'-" ''! '"•' ''"■/ *" ''-■'-'incd iinincdiatcly ,j.^:i)vcrr(l, and llicir (pirits much more In, from the fiK'tiion iIku they h.id with thcin a remedy they ylJiruilio, il'ihcy (liuuld a^ain he I'o unfortunate 10 nuet this poifonons wind or vapour. On the .i3<)u and the vomit too, laid he, with Rreat palTion, I want miiney, and not poifon. Where are your piallrcs 1'" " I am a bad perlbii, replied Mr. Bruce, lo furnifti you with cither. 1 hive neither money nor poilon ; but I advilc you to ijriak a little warm water to clear your llomach, cool yi>ur Isead, and then lie down and compofe vourlclfj 1 will lee you to-morrow morning." Mr. Drucc was going out. " Haikim, laid he, infidel, or ilcvil, or whatever ic your name, hearken to what I iiv. Ciiiilider where you are; this is the room where Mck liaady, a king, was (lain by the hand of my fa- I'ler: look at his blood, where it has llained the floor, wiiich never could be wailied out. I am informed voii have 20,000 piafters in gold with you ; cither .;ive me 2(»oo before you go out of this chamber, iiryim Ihall die; 1 will put you to death with my ■r.vii hand." Upon this he took up his ("word, that was lying at the head of his fofa, and, drawing it with .1 bravailo, threw the fcabbard into the middle of the room J and, tucking the flccve of his (hirt above his elbow like a butcher, faid, " 1 wait your anfwer. ' Mr. Bruce now (lept one pace backwards, and held i!>e liiile bluiulerbufs in his band, without taking it nil the belt. He faid, in a (irm tone of voice, " 'I'hi.s is my anfwer : I am not a man, as I hav told you before, to die like a heart by the hand of a drunkard. On ymir life, I charge you, ftir not from your fofa." lleharl no need to give this injunftion; he heard the iinifc which the doling the joint in the (lock of the bliiiiderhtds made, and thought he had cocked it, ;m(l was inllaiuly to lire. He let his fword drop, and threw himfelf on his back on the fofa, crying, "' Fur Cod's fake, Ilaikim, I was but jcfting." At the fame time, with all his might, he cried, " Bra- liim ! Mahomet! El Coom ! lil coom !" — "If one of your fervaiits approach me, (aid Mr. Bruce, that in- ftant 1 will blow you to pieces: not one of them fhall enter this room till they bring in my fervants with them; I have a number of thein armed at your gate, who will break in the indant they hear me fire." The women had come to the door, and Mr. Briice's fer- vants were admitted, each bavin;; a bluiidcrbufs in his hand, and pidols at his girdle. They were now greatly an overmatch for .Shekh, who fat far back on the fofa, and pretended that all he had done was in joke, in which his fervants joined, and a very con- fufed, delukory difcourfe followed, till the Turk, Sberrill'e irmacl, happened to oblerve the Shckh's fcabbard of his fword thrown upon the door, on which befell into a violent lit of laughter. He endeavoured lo make the Shekh underdand, that drunk.irds and cowards had more need of the fcabbard (ban the (word; that he, F'idcle, and the other drunkard that came to tluir houfc two or three nights before, who laid he was Shekh of Jehaina were jud polleded of the fame portion of courage and inlolenee. ,^s no good could he cxpettcd from this expodulation, Mr. Bruce dopt ir, and look his leave, defiring tlie Shckh to go to-bcd and compole himfelf, and nut try any more of thefe experiments, wbicli would certainly end in his diame, if not in his punidiment. Now Mr. Bruce and his (ervanis went to the door, through the I'everal apartments, very much upon their guard, for there was no pcil'on to light them out, and they were afraid of lome treachery or ambufh in the antichamber and dark palfages; but they met nobody ; and were, even at the outer g.iie, obliged to open the door ilienilelves. ^Vithout the gate there were about twenty people gathered toge- ther, but none of them with arms ; and, by the half words and cNprclfions they made life of, they could judge they were not the Sliekh's friends. They fol- lowed them for a little, but dilpcrfcd before they arrived at their houfe. Mr. Bruce and his party had fearce got rid of this real danger, when the apprehendon of an imaginary one ftruck them violoitiy. The water at Teawa it dagnant in pools, and exceedingly bad. Either that, or the bouza, a kind of new beer which they fent them with tl.eir meat, had given all of them, at the fame time, a violent diarrhoea, and Mr. Bruce was tormented with a perpetual third ever fince they had been overtaken by the Simoom ; and the bouza being acid was not only more agreeable, but, he thought, relieved him more than bad water : in this, there- fore, he certainly had exceeded. When they found they were all taken ill at the fame time, it came into their heads that Shekh Fidele had given them poifon in their dinner, and they were very much perplexed what they (hoiild do the ne.xt day. None of them, tlicrefoie, talleil the meat (cut ^"' they prelenily found ihem- 'i.'\KCi encompalFed with a number of villai;cs, nearly if a fi'fi ^'''^ placed at e I dillances in form of a l„,j. circle, the roofs of the houfes in Ihape of cones, , arc .ill thole within the rains. 'I'he plain was all of itci loapy earth, and the corn jull fown. This »|iole c"'"'"'y '^ '" P<-'rpKlual cultivation, and though, jiiliis time, it had a bare look, would no doubt have ^jnnificcnt one when waving with grain. At nj.ic they halted at a village of Pagan Nuba. Thefe J,,, ,i!l (iiliiierj of the Mck of Sennaar, cantoned in ,i,|.fcvill.i;;i'S wliich, at the dillancc of four or live pilc<, larround the whole capital. They arc cither nDrchalcd or taken by force from Fazuclo, and the r-ovinccs to the foiiih upon the mountains l^yrc and \(i\i. M.iving Ictilemcnts and provifions given il,;.n .n alio arms put into their bands, they never Willi to (itli^^ri. but live a very doinedic and fober life Thfvp.iv adoration to the moon; and that their wiirlllip !'« pcrlorniid with pleal'urc and I'atisfaclion, j, i,hvi>ni'i i^iry niglit that (he Ihines. Coming out iy,,ni the d.irknefs of their huts, thcv fay a few words ij'i.in fi'fiii'.; her brighinefs, and tellil'y great joy, by nviiKin* (if their feet .ind hand,*, at the hrll appearance 1 f ihc nc.v iiiooM. Mr. Uruce never law them pay any j;;cntion to th? fun, cither riling or letting, advanc- I .: 11) or receding from the meridian; but, as far as U rtuild learn, they worfhip a tree, and likewife a il.iiic, though he never could find out what tree or lime It was, only that it did not cxill in the country (J Stiinaar, but in tbat wherein they were born. Their priclh fecmed to have great inllucncc over ihcin, but iliroiigb fear only, and not from alTettion. Thcv are dillinguilhed by thick copper bracelets about their wrills, as alio fomctimes one, and fomctimes two about tlicir ancles. About four o'clock in the afternoon of the ajtli, they let out from the villages of the Nuba, intending to arrive at Halboch, where is the ferry over the Nile; bill they had Icarccly advanced two miles into the I'lain, when lliey were cnclofed by a violent wbirl- Hiiiii, or what is called, at Tea, the watcr-fpoiit. The plain waited earth, which had been plentifully moill- racil hy a lliowcr in the night-time. The unfortii- luie camel that bad been taken by the Cohala fecmed Mhe iir-^rlv in the centre of its vortex. It was lifted |i I ui till >» II down .It a conliderable dillance, and Irvcral of its ribs broken. Although, as far as Mr. I'liiKc could gucfs, he was not near the centre, it Miiirled him oH his feet, and threw him down upon l.islace, I'd as to make his nofe gulh out with blond. Two of the fcrvants likewili; hatl the fame fate. It plallcrcd them all over with mud, almoll as fmoollily as could have been done with a trowel. It took away Mr. I!riicc's fenfe and breathing for an inllant, and lis moiitli and iioie were full of mud when he reco- vered, lie gucires the fphere of its utlion to be about 80O foot. It demolifhcd one half of a fmall hut, as il it had liccn cut through with a knife, anddifperfed ihe materials all over tbc plain, leaving the other half flaiidiii;;. When tliey recovered ihcmfelves, they took refuge ill a village, from fear only, for they (aw no veftige of any other whirlwind. It involved a great quantity of rain, which the Nuba of the villages told them was very fortunate, as it portended good luck to tliein, and a prulpcroui journey i for they faid, that 79- had dull and fand arifen with llie whirlwind, in tbc fame proportion it would have done, had not the earth been moiltcned, they would all infallibly have been fulKocatcdj and they cautioned them, by faying, that lempclh were very frequent at the beginning and end of the rainy fcal'on, and whenever they (hoiild fee one of thciii coming, to fall down upon their faces, keeping their lips clofc to the ground, and fo let it pafs; and thus it would neither have power to carry tliem olf their feet, nor fuHocate them, whic'i was the ordinary cale. Their kind landlords, the Nuba, gave them a hearty welcome, and helped thein to walh their clothes lirll, and then to dry them. They gave iliciii a piece of roaded hog, which they ate (excc|)t liiiiael and the .Maliomeiaiis) very much to the lUtisruiion of the Nuba. On the otlu i hand, as ihtir eainci was lame, they ordered one of their Ma- hometan fcrvants to kill it, and lakt as much of it as would I'ervc themfelves that niglii; they alio pro- vided agaiiill wanting iheml'elvcs the next day i'lie rcll they gave among their new-acquired acquaint- ance, the Nuba of the village, who did not fail to make a feaft upon it for fevcral days after; and, in recoinpeiicc for their !•' erality, they provided them with a large jar of uouza, not very good, indeed, but better than the well water. This Mr. Hrucc repaid by tobacco, beads, pepper, and (libiuin, which he law plainly was inlinitely more than they cxpcftcd. Mr. Uruce had feldom, in bis life, upon a journey, paded a more comfortable night, lie bad a very neat, clean hut, entirely to hinilclf, and a Greek fer- vant that fat near him. Some of the Nuba watched for them all night, and took care of their bcallsaiid bagga."!!. They lung and replied to one another al- ternatvly, in notes lull of plealant melody, till Mr. Uruce fell fall adeep, involuntarily, and with regret; for, though bruifed, they were not fatigued, but rather dilcouraged, having gone no further than two miles that day. Early on the 26th, they fet out from this village of Nuba, their way being IliU acrol's this immenfe plain. All the morning there were terrible llorins of thunder and lightning, lome rain, and one fliower of fo large drops, that it wet them to the Ikin in an indant. It was quite calm, and every drop fell perpendicularly upon them. Mr. Bruce thinks he never in his life felt lo cold a rain, yet it was not difagrceablc; for the day was clofc and hot, and they Ihould have widicd every now and then to have had a moderate refrigeration ; this, however, was rather too abun- dant. Ihc villages of the Nuba were, on all fides, throughout this plain. At nine o'clock they arrived at Ualhoch, which is a large colledion of buts of thefe people, and has the appearance of a town. rbcgovernor,avencrableold man of about leventy, who was fo feeble that he could fcarccly walk, received them with great complacency, only faying, when he took Mr. Uruce by the hand, " O Chridian! what dod thou, at Inch a lime, in fuch a country?" Mr. Uruce was furpiifed at the politenefs of his fpcech, when he called him Nazarini, the civil term for Chridian in the ead; whereas Infidel is the general term among thefe brutidi people; but it feems he had been feveral times at Cairo. Mr. Uruce had here a very clean and comfortable hut to lodge in, though they were fparingly lupplicd with provifions all the time they were there, but never were fuffcred to fad a whole day together. Ualbocb is on the eaftcrn bank of the Nile, not a quarter of a mile from the ford below. The river here runs north and fouth ; towards the fides it is Ihallow, but deep in the middle of the current, and in this part it is much infeded with crocodiles. Sennaar is two miles and a half S. S. \V. of it. They heard the evening drum very diftinflly, and not without anxiety, when they rclle£lcd to what a brutidi people, according to all accounts, they were about to truft themfelves. PermilTion was granted on the '29th to enter Sen- naar. They w ere conduced by Adelan's fervant to a 8 O very ^ ll 1^1 ;_,u .ll ;; i ■pl-if ^"'i^l:'^!-*' ..;;)•,' 6"q8 NEW COLLKCTION ov VOYAGES and TRAVELS. verv fpacioiM ^ocd hoiifc belonnin); to tlii' Slickh liiinl'fir, li.iviiig two (lories, a loni^ qiiaiicr ul' a mile fioiM ihc kiiin's palace. lie li'lt a mcU'dt^i. lor tlicni lo ri-'pol'i- tluiiiri;lve«,, and in a ilay or two to wait U|i(n\ tlic kiii)T, ami th*» ^i: Ihould IViid to tell iliciii ^I.Lii llicy wtTP In coii.^ .o liiin. Tiiis tlicy rifolvcd lo have complied with moll cxatliy i hut the viry next inoniifii;, the ;50tli of April, there came a I'l-r- vant froiM the palace lo rniTinioii ihcm lo wait upon the king, v hiih they immediately obeyed. Mr. Ilruce took with liiiii thiee I'ervanis, black Soliniaii, Uni.iel the Tuik, anil his Greek lerv.int Michael. 'I'he pa- lace toveis a prodijiioiis deal of ground. It is all onr (lory, built of clay, and the floors ul e.irih. The chambers through wliieh they palled were all un- furnidu'd, and leemcd as if a great many of iliem had loimerly been tiellincd .Ts barracks lor loliliers, of whom .Mr. IJruccdid not Ice above lifiy on Mi.ud. 'I'he king was in a I'mall room not twent\- feet kjuare, to which they afccnded by two liiiall lli!',h|j ol nar- row Heps, ''"he door of the room was coveied with br<)ad h]uarc tiles; over it was laid a I'erli.ui carpel, and the waIN bung with tapcllry of the lame country; the whole very well kepi, and in good order. His Majedy was ruling upon a maltrel's laid on the ground, whieh was likcwife covered with a I'eid.in carpel, and round him was a number of culhions ol Wnriian cloth of gold. Ilis drefs did not correlpond with this magnilicence, for it was nothing but a large, loo. • (hirt, of Sural blue cotton cloth, which leemed not to did'er from the (ame worn by his fervanis, ex- cept thai, all round the edges of it, the fe.iins were douhle-llitched with while (ilk, and likewile round the neck. His hcsJ was uncovered; he wore liu own diort black hair, and was as white in colour as an Aiab. He leemed to be a man about thirivlour, bis feet were bare, but covered by his (hirt. He had a very plebeian countenance, on which was d.imped no decided characK-r; .Mr Hrtice (hould rather guels Iiim to be a fofi, timid, irrefoluie man. At our tra- veller's coming f()rward and kifling his band, he looked at them for a minute as if iindcterinined what to lay. He then adved for an AbylTinian interpreter, as there are manv of thele about the palace. He laid to him in Arabic, " I apprehend 1 underdaiu! as inucli of that language as will enable me to aiilwtr any cjuel- lion von have to put to me." Upon whiti- lie lurncd in the people that were with him, " Downright .•\rabie, indeed! You did not Icarii that language in Ilabefh'" faid he to Mr. Hnice, who anlwered, " No; I have been in Kgypt, Turkey, and ,\rabia, where I learned it; but 1 have likewile often fpokcii it in AbNfTinia, where Greek, Turkidi, and li-vcr.il f)iher languages are ufed. He faid, " Impodible! he did not think they knew any thing of languages, ex- cepting their own, in Abyllinia." Oppofiie the king, were fitting in the fideof the room four men drcfTed in white cotton fliiits, with a white fhaul covering their heads, and part of their face, by which it was known they were religious men, or men of learning, or of the law. One of ihefe anfwercd the king's doubt of the .VbyfTinians knowledge in lan- guages. " They have languages enough, and you know that Habcfh is called the paradilc of Ad'es." During ihi? '■invcrfation, .Mr. Hrucc took the flicrilfe of Mecca's letter, alfo one from the king of Abyf- (inia; he gave him the king's lird, and then the (heri lie's. He took them both as Mr. Bruce gave them, but laid afidc the king's upon a cufhion, till be had read the (heriffe's. After ihis he read the king'.s, and c.illcd immediately ag.iin ' an Abylfinian inter- preter; upon which, Mr. Hiue faid nothing, fup- pofing, perhaps, he might chulc to make him deliver fome niedage to him in private, which he would not have his people hear. Hut it wa,spure confufion, and abfencc of mind, for he never ("poke a word to him when be came. An iinintereliing converfation took place between the king and our trave!l(»r, till a little after fix o'clock in the evening, when the drum boat. , They then had a very comfurlabie dinner (cut tbcm, llliv cameLs dcdi Hewed with an herb of a vifcous fl lubllance, called IJamniia. After haviivT Ji,,,.,! linidicd the journal of the d.iy, Mr. lluice l'\\",' unpaiking bis inltrummis, the baroineier and (W inomcpr lirll, and, after haviiij; hung ihcm uii -.i ronserling with Adelau's fervant'when he IIkhiM.,!' his vilii lo his mailer. About eight o'llnck eini " lervant lioin the palace, telling .Mr. liriice, ihah ^ the time to bring the prefeiit to ilie kin'i. n! I'orud ihc (eparatc articles with all the fi)i,,| he could, and they went diretlly to the pjij,-,. The king wa.s then filling iji a large aparimcni as l.ir as he could guels, at fome (lidm, c fr,,,,,' the lormer. I le was was naked, but had leveral clot' r I) iMi; upon his knee, and about him, and a leivaiiivj. rubbing him over with very (linking butter, iirTi ■!■ with whieh his hair wa.s dropping as if wet vuii' water. Large as the room was, it could be li:ni;t.j through the whole of it. 'I'he king alktd Mr. Uruic if ever he grealed himlelf as he didi' Mr. liriicelad \'ery I'eldoni, but fancied it would be very cxpciiiju' He then told him, that it was ele])liants greale, vihcij made people drong, .iiid prcferved the (l.in \,.iv linooili. Our tra\iller laid, he thought itvcrvpn'. per, hut rould not bear the fnull of ii, ihoiijlli i,., ikin Ihould lurn as rough as an elephant's for llKvtari of it. He (aid, if Mr. lUuce h.id ufed it, Ms |,jj[ Wdu'd not h.ue turn.d lo red as it was, and tha; it would all become white preleiiily, when ili.a rcrliulj came ulf. .Mier h.iving rubbed him a!)Unda!;i1y wiili ■jrra'^' they brought a preiiy large horn, and in it loniiil;;!,' (cented, about as licjuid as huney. It wa» pljju i.^^ civil was a great pait of the compofiiion. IhckiiM went out at the door, Mr. Hruce (upjiofcs ihio .m,,. tlicr room, and there two men dclugeil hiin overvmh piuhers ol cold water, whild, as he imagined, |ie ^j^ llark-iiaked He then returned, and a llavean.iinicl him wiib this (wcct ointment; alter wliieh lie l'.itil(,v,ii as coin|ilelely drcll'ed, being jud going to In, woman, apartment where he was to (up. Mr. iiruceioUliim he wondered why he did not ule rofe-w.iier js ;.i Abydiiiia, .Ar.diia, and Cairo. He laid, he luj n often (Voiii Cairo, when the merchants ariivcd; lii: as it w.is now long (ince any came, his people cuulj not make more, (or the rofe would not grow i:i kij country, though the women made fomcthing like it ol lenion-llower. His toilet being hnilhed, ourirj- velli r then produced his prelent, which he told liiia the king of .'\b)llinia had lent to him, hopini; ih,,t, according to the laith and cultom of nations, he w. iiij not only protcd hini while here, but fend iiim laldv and I'peedil)' out of his dominions into l'.i;»])l. II; anlwered, there was a time when he could li.iveiinne all this, and more, but thole times were dialed. Sennaar was in nun, and wa.s not like what i; w.n. He then ordered (ome perfumed (orbet to be broiijU for .Mr. iJruec to diiiik in his prclence, wiiicli 1,1 a pledge that \our pcri'on is in lafety. The kiiigi'icu- upon withdrew, and went to his ladies. On the eighth of May .Mr. liruce had an aiidif ncc with Shekh Adelan at Aira, which is three miles aiij a half from Sennaar; they walked out early 111 ilic morning, for the gic.itell part of the way alonj- ihe (idc ol the .Vile, wliith had no beauty, being luia'lv divclled of trees, the bottom foul and muddy, and the edgej «)f the water white with (mall coiicreii'iin of calcarious earth, which, with the bright liiniiji.ii them, da//led and afiefclcd their eyes vciy nau,:. They then driick aerofs a large (aiidy plain, wiiliciit trees or bulhes, and came to Adelan s liabiiaiiiii. Within the gale was a number of horfes, wiili ilx foldiers barracks behind them j they were all pictitRinl in ranks, their faces to their mailer's barracks, It was one of the fined (ights Mr. Bruce ever law ul the kind. They were all above (ixtecn hands hi, !' of the breed of the old Saracen horlfs, all In • made, and as drong as our coacb-horfes, hut exc! • ingly nimble in their motion; rather thick a a in the iurcband, but with the mull bvauiilul c,c.s BRUCE's TRAVELS to discover the RIVER NILE in EGYPT. (^99 :cr av.n, a,,,.,. , J •">. Mr. liiucc 1,11 ,„ ■ haroMiftcr ai„l ,i,, "« '"'">5 flic.ii „„ '"■:\'"-'"i'^-'ii'n;i;i.:;; " «' ilic km (jr«, ^vith all I'he"' h"". "ndalc.van.v,; '."« ''"'"••r, ..r.rc,,,, PP'."« as ,(■ V,,; • 'S "could 1>M,„J 7 '; M'. i:ri,cc(,id :'''Jl'<-v<.Tycxpv„!,,e' q'l'.inis(.ri.aro.uh;d; :',r'' !''= "•". vcy 'V","' ','. '»"",;;;; i„ ''■"' "'c-'l ii. I;i. |„r ;'» " ^^-.M, and iha; ., ">■. wlici, ll,,,| ,,,|„,,,^ )iindj:;(ly ^iij, „rfjO II. iiiid III ii(„n„il..,"' '"ipofiiion. J |,e i,„, c^; 'upiM.fcs ii,;„ ,„,„: 't'lu){cd liiin overfill, s he inui^„K.,|, I,, ^^, '. and a lljvt ,ii ,;..i icr which he r,„d„v. Mr-UrucrioMI,,,,,. u'c rofc-waicr as m ^'': 'aid. he |,,J ;t •rthaiiis jriivcd; ii.- "e. Iiis people c'oulj "uld not gi„h' ,,, j.,. ide (oiiu-iiiiii^ like li "•8/iiiilhed, ouruj- 1. ^»hicli he loM i;ii:i <■> him, hopini'ih„f, "fnalioris, hew lili but lend him |,,l,!v lis into i:i;i[,i. ji; he could luveiii'iic inics Were (hai-cd. 't like whai i: uj!, lurbet (o be hroii.:,t rclcnic, winch b\ >■• Ihc kiiigilicic- J dies. ;Cc had an auditiics 1 is tlirce miles and J out early in ilie llic way aliin.; ilie auiy, being luia .'v I and muddy, anJ li linall coiitrcii'ini he bright lun iijr.n qcs vciy n;iiti!. iidy plain, wiilitiit dclans habilali,>ii. i horl'es, wlili iIt were all pic(iiii;i(l ler's barracks. It rucc ever law nl ■xtccn hands in,!' horlfs, all hi :. '»rfes, bute.vc; ■ er (luck a ^d '.hoa II bcauiilul ci: , jiid head* ill the world; ihey were mollly (i)ine ot them black and wliiio, foiue of iheni ilk.whiti' i'oaled, I'o not white by a^;c, with wiiite ., jiul white hoofs, not perhaps a >;real recoin- iijjiioii. A Heel (hiil of mail hung upon each I nil's (111 111''!'' "PP"hie "> his horle, and by it an i.,|jpts (km, made liifl like (li iinoy, with which [ttjs covered Irom the dew of the iii^ht. A head- Cu' iif copper, witiioiil crell or plumage, was fiif- ■iiilcdliy a lace above ibc (liirt oi 'mail, and was ilic ,ijjll picliirehiue part of the trophy. To thefe was ,|k'(l ai' enormous broad-l.vord, in a nd leather i.ibbird; and upon the piimmei liuni; two thick ,'i,,j.c( not divide.! into (infers as ours, but like 1. 1-tiis gloves, their liiitjers in one poke. I'hcy 'i,|\|r. liiuce, tliat, wii!iiii that enclolure at Aira, .i,j.;c were 400 horles, which, with the rider>, and j„,„.ir coinphte for each of tliem, were all the pro- .,,v i)f Slukli Adclan, every horfcman bein^ bis Lc, and bi)iij;ht with liis money. Adelaii was then liltin;; upon a picee of the trunk ofap.iliiili'ce, in the front of one of thefe divilions „fbislii>rles, which he lecmed to be contemplating ^iil, nUalurc; a iiiinibcr of bl.ick peojde, his own IrvJiiis ■""' '■''■lids, were llandiiii; round liim. lie lijiioiia loiij; di.ib-coloiired camlet Rowii, lined with ullow lili". and a camlet cap like a head piece, with iwiilh'irl points that covered his cars Tins, it I'eems, vj, his drels when he rofe early in the morning to ii!ii his horles, which he never iieglccled. The Shckh was a man above lis feet higli, raiher corpu- Icn! had a heavy walk, leeniingly more liom allec- uiiiin of urandeur llian want of .igility. He was abuit fixlv, of ihc colour and fe.itures of an Ar.ib, J 111 111)1 id a Negro, but had rather more beard than |j,;> 10 t!ie lot oi people in this country; large pier- cm' eves, and a deirrmined, ihuui^h, at the lame ini', a very plealing c luiitenance. llii-v went into a large ialoon, hung round with nirnii- and Ic, rlet danialk ; m one ol the loiigell lull's Ml re two large fofas covered will) crimfon and yellow il.nnalk, and large cufliions of cloth of gold, lie 10 ilu- king's. He now pulled oif bis camlet nnwii and cap, and icmained in a crimlon fatii) coat icK-hing down below his kncv-s, which lapped over ai lik- bread, and was girl round his waill with a fcarf, 01 lalh, in which lie had Ituck a fliort dagger, in an iviirv Iheaih, mounted with gold; and one of the |,ir"<'lt and moll beautiful amethylls upon bus finger that Mr. Hrucc ever faw, mounted plain, without any diamonds, and a fniall gtdd ear-ring in one of his r.irs. Afier fome introducl iry difcourfe, Ntr. I'mce gave liin llie Iheriiie's letter, wliich he opened, looked at, and laid by without reading, faying only, " ;\ye, Mi'ti'.alna good man, he lonieiimes takes care of (iiir people going to M of Sennaar isi iv !: ,,i !,• h ^(|.,. iids of a h)':.; Hurt of blue ;s.uul tiodi CdiLiI ■-jr.;v. l\, ^hie'i covers ihem from the lower pan of the ii'iis down to tiieir let I, but does not conical i\c ne.k itfelf J and tlii.s is the onlv dili'crence luihcni the iiiei's and the woniens drcis; that (d' the Vinni covers their neck altogether, being hmionfd |;(,e (uii<. The men have loiiielimes a falh tied ,ibu„i liKir middle; and both men and women ^o l.jrc- (ooled in (lie hoiile, even tliolc of the belter firi (,1 people. Their llo.irs arc covered with I'crliaii ur- pets cCpecuilly the woniens apartiiieiits. In fjir weather, they wear landals ; and withoui ddors tluv ule a kind of wooden patten, very neatly nriMiiienicil \vilh (hells. In the grealell heat at noon, ihcv oult buckets of w.iier to be ihrowii upon them inltcid of bathing. Both men and women anoini ilicnilclvc-, at le.iil once a-d.iy, with camels grcal'e luivid vim civet, which they unagiiie foftens their (kin, and prf. fcrves them from cmaneous eruptions, of ulncli il;iv arc lo fearful, ili.it the hnalled imnplc in any viiiin,- part of tlieir body keeps ihcm in the houle till it dil- appears: for the fame rcafoii, though they have .i clean (bin every d.\\, the)' ule one dipt in gie^le V) lie in all night, as they have no covering hut il:i , and lie upon a bull's hide tanned, and very inu ii lottenetl by this ctiiillant grcaling, and at the kiiiio lime very cool, though it occaliuiis a fincll llut r.a wafhing can free them from. The indigent live upon millet, mahp,i-()„ i, (i^ij- fluTiViMfmnicniain.ii,! ) tiK- l.1UI.(Ja„„M, ,vhc„J ■h;: (trc..-.. The co„n„ ! IHT. Mr lUncc ,ne,:rl!! I : liiltiMd ot that hirrf. -urc(i on tiu'ir Hrrival u, !« lip, and cov.Tintf i| , this„nnu:Mlr.,,|,,|„,p ; jci led \Mili >.rc.ii U!;cs ^,f It iLit,iii) inicriMls vj,;, if.il tops di' (he hniiles p--' peaiaiue tjf li.,..!! (.,,„„;'; miciilc, exifi.rive pi, ,, '.river there, nbnvc amii,: m, but 'lexer l„,,f,i,j II homo with the romai,„i,r a.-, great a diilaiicc fru-a :ir opprclfors, as thcv pui. 1 be the only cnplovmcnt 111) II-avLii hjj reparole ! ns, from the rell ol m,, ' accurlcd Ipoi, kcnii;;v e of'tlic only oilier \>J,; hem for an cicrnai licrc^ ir is v,v ;■:.,: 1. Ii^„,,. ;i.iial LlOiii i.aii.-d 'I'jMw. n\ the lowoi pan „f ,|,|, lit d(K-s not loiucal ilc I- onl)' diHcrcnce li;ih; hmionfd Ut etiines a (alh l:cd .ibual .~M and women ;;r, 1,^,^.. ■ olo of the hdicr Tin (,| )vcrcd with reriun cjr. 's apartiiienis. In fair and without doors ihcv very tic.itly oniamenicil eat at noon, they ord^r ;)wn upon tlum inUcjd oineii aiioinl ilicii:lilv(<, nils grcale mixid vun liens tlicir Ikiii, and pre eruptions, of v,Wk\\ iIiov -■II piiiiple in any viliiii>: n III the hoiile till it dil- >ii, thoiigli iIk'v have ,i ic one dipt III nicdie {» IK) covcrinn hut iM-, aimed, and very imuli .'dliii^;, and at the lame aliuiis a I'liicll that im let, made into bread or iddiii); (iF this, nultiii;^ povir> >; milk and hut- •y cat beef, parity luall- liorncd eaitle arc ilie 1, and arc e.vccediiiiilv Told ill the iiiaikrl i« le animal, and liie Iparc ugh the whole cotiniry. aiicc where it was drel- true that eating raw it is prafUfcd in tlm the black cnuntrirs lo not fuld in the market', at it publicklv: men in luinciaiis, eat llicirs in Ausuft R i.vs ill i'"' P''''"^'^ ^*''''' ''''' '^'"^i "'"' had informed 'iMithil Mr- Hi'iiee w,!s laden with money, hefides a ,litv of eloih of ;;old, ihe richeil he liad ever Icen, 'lich th'" l^'"S "^ •'^''!' '^'"''' ''■"'' flt''^'"'''' ^^ ■> prelent II him, lull which our traveller had perverted to his ■nnfo: he added, that the king had expreii'ed him- fifiiiavery thrcatenini; manner, and that he was [vniiich afraid he was not in lafeiy if Slii:kh Adc- ij;,\v,is ;;<)iic from Aira. Upon this, Mr. Hniee Jclird Ilafii Hclal to j;o to the pjiaee, and obtain (If liiin an aiuiienee of the kinj;. In viin he reprc- I nicdiootir traveller the rilk he run by this meafure; . ncrlilh d in liis refolution, he was tied to the (lake : ., ilv was iiiipoirilile, and he had ortcii overcome !iic!i (iani^ers by braviin^ them. With "real iinwilliii'.;n'-ls Belal went to the pa!-Ke. WI'-tli'T he delivered the me(fat»c, our ti'aveller l,ivms not. '"" '''-■ rftiirncd, fiyinj;, the king was hilvand eoiild iu>t be Icen. Mr Brine had, in the i'lLiiiii, lent Soliman to the Gindi, or Sed el Co-mi, iflliii" hill' bis dilhe'iliies, and the news he h.id k-ard. Ill I'l'ice of reiiirniiijj an aiifuer, lie cnme ri-rccllv to him iiimlelf, and waN iiltin'.; w:ih linn «iicn ilasi 1^'^'''' r'U'rii'il, ^^ho appe.ircd lomewli.ii Jilaiiiccrlcd at the nieetiii',;. i;iiidl chid ila'^i Bel.d K-\ (lian>K'i nfkin ; him what (,'ood all that lulle- ulile did either him or Mr. Kruce, and inhniialed ,rfiiv plainly, that he hclievrd lla;;i Bel. il did this -Ki'iicort wiih the kini», to exiori fume prcl'ent from our traveller. .\ft. r lome further eonverfauon, (^i,,,l, look his leave, and Mr. Bruce ailcnded him i)\tafiairs, with many proh Uions of )»ratitude j and aiihc door ho f^i'l. m a very low voice, to our tra- ,p;icr " Take care of yon Belal, he is a di'g worfe ihaaaChrilban." h was now t'"^ 20th; and. for feverai days finec j^,jf|ii,\ depariuie, no provilions were fent to Mr. gtiKi-'shoule, as befire was iilual. Money there- f,rc lii'came ahfulutilv neeelfiry, not only for their (l,.!v liihhllenre, i)ut foi camels lo carry tluir bai;- (i'i', proviiioiis, and water aernfs the delert. Me nv. dilpaired ahfuliite'y of .iliiil.ince of any kind fen llic kill); J and an a(rid;nt that happened made I ;ii Ijv all ihoii^hts alide of ever troublin;; him more unoii the hibjert. There are at Mecca a iiiiinber of Mack eunuchs, whofc Icrvircs are dedicated to that icmph-, and the fepuichrc of .Medina. I'ait of thcfe, frt'in nine to lime, proem e liheriy ;o return on a ifiiio their rcfpeHivc homes, or to the lar;;,- cities »i\ri' ihcy were fold from, on the Niger, Boriioii, Tocnir, and Toinburto, where they be', donaiions firtlic holy places, and freciueiitly colleM laii^e I'nms ill <()ld, wiiich abounds in ihefe towiH and leriiio- rcs. Oiicofihcfe, called M.ilomet Tow.idi, which Ii;'i;!ic5 F.iinuch, bad leturneil IVoiii a bi '.jinj; voy- Hc 111 Sudan, or Nigrilia, and was at Scnnaar e.\- iCidingly ill with an iiitcnni'iini» fever. 'I'hc king hadfcm for Mr. Ikuce to \.lit him, and the bark lafw days had peifetlly ;eiovercd him. A pro- I )riional dc'.;rec of gratiiinie had, in return, taken 1 iif in the lircall of Mahonti, who, S"iii;'. l" t-airo, vavr\ccediiii»iy delirous of t.ikiiii; .Mr. r.riicc willi kim, and this defire was iiici afed wiien he beard he had lcltL'r.s from the iherilfe ol .Mecca, and was ac- I'lUiiitcd with Metical .\gii, wiio was iiis imiiicdiaie iiialKr. N'othiiij; could be more fwitunatc than tiiis rcn- I'^iinter at fmli a time, foi he had fpare camels in Sroat plenty, and the Ar.ilx, as h'j palled them, coniiniied ftiviiij., him more, and liipported him with priivdiniis wherever he went; for theic people, beini; iccDiinii'd facred, and regarded with a certain rcli- (jioiisawc, as being in the immediate fervice of their friipliii.till now iiicd to pal's inviolate wherever they kcrc Roiiijj, however unlctiled the times, or however .lliidiily aitciiiled. I Sow every thing was ready, and the ar.ib of .Anguft Itxcdwlicnthey (huuld begin their journey to Atbara. BRlK'K'.-i TR.WKLS to nr.scovKR rrrR RIVER NILE in EGYPT. 701 ;\ii;iil! t'l^' 7''i ^^'■- "nice was informed by Magi jj Mahomet, who palled a great part of his time at Mr. R.'iil.^ihi' Sli 'kh ridelc of I'lMwa had been fiveral • lirnee's iioufe, had not been fecn by tlicin for feveia! flays, which they did not think e.\iraoidinary, bcinj; biify themfeivcs, and knowing that his trade demand- ed continual attendance on the great people ; but they were e.vcccdingly furprifedat hearing fioin his black Soliman, that he and all bis equipage had let out the night of the 20th for Atbara. This they found aftc r- wards was at the earned perfuafion of the king, and was at that time a heavy difappointment to Mr. liruce, however fortunate it turned out afterwards. On the night of i!;c 25th, which was 10 have been that of their departure, Mr. Ilruce fat late in his room up (lair.^, in the liack, or moft privdtc part of their honle. Mis liiile company was holding with liim a mod mehuu holy council on what bad fo re- cently happened, aiul, in general, upon the unpro* iniling face of their allairs. Their fi.igle lamp was burning very low, and fu-'geRed to them that it was the hour of deep, to wbicli, however, none of iheni were very much inclined. (Jeorgis, a ('.nek, who, on account of the forenefs of his eyes, h.id llaid be- low in iliedark, and iiad fallen ad ep, came lunning up (lairs in a great fright, and i(ji(l them he bad been awakened by the nolle of i.en endeavouring to force open llie door; tb.ii he hearkeiud a little, and found there were many of then). Their arms were all ready, and lliey Inatchcd t'.iein up and ran towards the door ; hut Mr. Bruce (lopt, and planted them upon the liiftlandingplace in the (lair-cafe, as he wifhcj not to hrc till the enemy was fairly in the hoiife, that no c.xcufe might remain for this their violation of hofpitality. liy this time, the aflailants bad forced the outer-gate, and were then in the lodge, endea- vouring to do the fa:ne by the inner, having put a handfpike under it to lift il up from the hinges. " Arc voii not madmen, (aid .Mr. Bi.iKe, and weary ofyour lives, lo attempt to force .Adclai.'s houfe, when there are within it men abundantly provided with large fire- arms, that, iip.iii (Hie difcharge ihioiigli the door, will lay you all dead where yon now (land ?" " L'llah I I'llah! cries one i !■ ' it i« 79- NEW CO LLi:cr ION OF VOYAGES AM. TRAVELS. r.:ia '«i- .-4 v.. Alii'',; oti-.cr ri'loarcfs bcin;^ iimv Icfl. 'I'licy were alic-iidy iiiilcbud lo Il.ij^i Btlal twi.niv dollar?, (or |iri)vilii)ii ; llifv liad fcMMi niomlis to feed dailv ; and a.s ihey had neither meat, tnoiicy, nor credit, to co!!li;uic at Sennaar was iinpolliblc. '1 liey ii.ul fccn, a few iii'^liis b'loie, ill ii 110 bdiifc could protect i.icni tbercj and to Irave Sennaar was, in ibcir fuiiation, as iinpollibic as to 11 ly lliere. '1 bey bad tieitlier tanuls to can v llicir prov i(ii)iis and ha>;;;i,;;e, nor (kins forilieir water, nor, invli ed, aii} provi(io;is lo carry, nor money to fiippfy tliciii wiib any of tbefc, nor knew any perloti th.it could ,i;ive ihein alJiflance ne ircr than Ciiro, from which tb'- ■ were then did.int .ibout i /" of the meridian, or ..liove n.OO iiiil-s in a llral^l!l line; great part of which was ihrou:b the moll b.nrcii. ir.bol'pitablc dei'eiis in the world, d.llituie of all vei;ctaiioii, and of ever> aniin;il that bad t!ie orculi of life, lia^^i Bclal was iiille\i!ile, he bewail now to be we.iry of ou: travellers, lo fee them but leld .■., and there was <;reat appearance of his foon wiibdraw- ini; bunfelf entirely. Mr. ]!ruee's fervanis alio be- gan to innrnuir; I'onie of them bad known o( hi.s gold chain fiom the be,L;iniii.i!^, .nul iluCe, in the commoii d.uij^er, iinp.ir.vd uiia tbey knew to tiic red. In (holt, he relohed, llion';h very unwiiliiij^ly, not to lacrifice bi< o mi blV and tiiat ol' his (er\aiils, and the finidiin'.; hi.< ti.ivels, now lo far advanced, to chiUlilh vai;ii\. lie d let mined ihercfoie lo aliandon his i;old chain, li.e l,,inour.iiiIe recompeiue ofadaN full of (atiijiie and daiis;er. Whom to ininill it I.) was the nxt conlider.ilion ; and upon ni.iilire deliber.uion, lie fotiiid it coiiUi be lo nob 'dy but Ila'i nel.d, bad as he h.d re.;fon lo think he was. llouever, to put a i heck uiM)n bun, he (cut for tb.e Sulci C'ooni, in whole pielenee he rejiCTtcd bn ac- cufjiion a^aiiilMiel.il i he re. id liie Sei.iifs leil< r in liis fivoiir, .ind the f.'ver.il lcli:r> ll'il IVd.d b.i 1 writ- ten binl whilil lie wa-. ;u Oonl.u, de. larin;; bis ae- ci ptancc ol the oid.r to lurii !!i luiii wiili nionev when he (IvMild inne.il Senna.n ; and he upi)r.nd«.d liiin in the llrongell terms with breach (d lailli and duplicity. All thai he could fiy, Ivnvevcr, \va< \cr\ fir llioii of the vioKiil rxpollilUtioil from ihe (.lir.ll lb.it iin- niediaiclv follo.ved. lie ^a\e llagi I'libd man; bro.id liinis lb.it he looked upon this injniy as done lo himfclf, and would rep.iy him; lliat tboin^li be bad rloiio this to plcale the kin;?, the lime might not be far ofl wb.en that favour would lie of vciy I tile ufc to him ; on the contr.iry, it mi^^hi be a iciloii lor llrippini^ lim of all he had m the world." The foite of ilieic ari^uments f.-emed to !h l^e !la.;i lUdal .s iina- cination very poweibilly, Ili'eveii ofleied to ad- Nance ',5 f. quins, and to fee if he ould i.iife any r.iore am 'ng bis Irieiuls. 'I'he (lindi .i i.ir.; iiill.ince in that couiur)) ollerc d to leml bim hliy. lint the dse was now call, the chain l.ad been pr alone, and leeiiieU lather grave ilui, j.. ,| humour. He g.i\ e ,\!r. Biiiee his hand to kil> ' I ulu.d, and atier paulmg a nunnent without ipcai;," (during which out liavi Her Handing before hji,. Have brougnt bun a little llool, .ind let it d()v,n ■■t\ oppoliie to bim ; upcni which he laid, in a low vir .! (o that .\!r. Diuee could fcarrely hear him >■ ., ' down," iiinnliiig to the llool. ile (at duv. n acf^J; in;;ly. 'I'heir converfalion was now ta'^in.. ^ ^ .1 l.iconie and l'eri my delire; Wed A bi oil and ' the [ebaiiu .Vrabs b.ivc ribelhil, and will p,iy i,,, ' ' biiie. I bey lay y.)U have a ipi.iuiii;, orpm^eilul I,' arms with \ ou tliat will kill twenty or thirty nitii ,11 (hot lie IS therclorc to ciiiplfjv you with yjin ..n I to piinilb ibofe Aiabs, and Ip.jil ihem of tiieirtaiii \ pan of which be will give to you." Mr, llriicc tn-' j (.■nily uiiderlb)od what be mv-.iiit, aiid onh aiibu., '■ I am a Ibanger l-.cie, and dclirc to l.uu no |,,j. S\\ armsaie for my own defence againll robi;.r' and violence." .Adclan, continued tl'.e kino i b »g. l:.i Hi.lj j brou.;lt you iVom lea am, has been giidly oLidrunLn frolic lit the door ol li;s lioul'e, and h.is (em 1,;;.;;.., lo liik" bun today, wiili twoui three oilieis ol conif .iiiions. ! ch.iM;e \(ni wlu'ii vi'U iVe .\delut, !> ,[,.[, .N'aboinet s l.!e, or a coidi.lerable deal ol nlan-.c i, ,1 i.ill upon \ou. When you retii n b.uk, 1 will |,jij I'.nn to conduct wni to the (Voniier> ol K;;;]]!. L'. ,, ibis ,\Ir Hruce iiowed, and look his leave, lie v, .1 home pel lettly cieicrnoned w ii II be wasiDil,,. i:c bad now obiaiiicd Iroin tlie kli g an involiiniarv Lf-. gu.i'd till be Ihould airiveat .Xiiela?.'.^, ihat D j^ Was Cure til. it, in hopes .Mr. IJiiice tini;!ii lUucur. a reprieve (or .Maho.iu 1, ni trip would he bid ;')r him ou liic road, lie deleiiuned then (ore tunuhe the l;."ll life of his time; and every ihing hiinji u,,;, 1' cv loaded the camels, and d nt ibcni fiMwinl ;:;; night to a (mall vill.ige calUd bolimaii, ilinc or !, ,; miles from Sinn.iar; «iid having Ceitlcd l.is .uti,,.;; . with llagi Iklal, he received baek li,\ lli,k,., i! . inileiahle remains of one liunJri d and tithu ! ;;i of Hhieii bis noble chair, once eonlided. 'l l,i,sir.i,:M keni bim liie Itvv !a(l luMUtes to write a Liter tu.i;- I- n;',li(h at Jidda, iv> lecommcnd him for the f..r\,.. he had done Mr. Hruce .11 Sennaar; iiid 1: , ; eompli; ! w;ib, that be might iiiCorin ilu; InuLn I, , fiim thai be bait receivcil no iiumcy (rum his i. , (poii.len:, and give bim a cauiion never, ,11 :.„.„. CMcumllaMres, lo irult llagi !l 81I1, and about three u'cbiek in the afieinonii C3'* 10 Wed el i umbel, which is not a river, »■> v. n.ime would I. 1 m lo (ijnil'y, but llirce villa){C> liiu.iiil upon .1 pool III w.iier, nearly in a line from iiuii!;p louih. Alter nieeiing with v.iiiou« auveniiires in lit couib'oi their j iiiiiev, but none of iheiii ul i"\ in in rial e(n!(e(.jui'nee, they aiiived on tlic .pli ii Oilober, at (lundi, or ('liiindi, which is a l.i;;' * . lage, tliecajniil ol it.s (biliid, ilie goveriinuiit n! which belongs to Sitiina, as (be is called, wi::oi (ignil;i» the iniditCs, or the l.idy, (he bei'g (ilhin Wed .\gei ii, ihe prinripal of the Arabs in tliisceuii- lr\'. Si e bad been in.irind, but her l.iilb.inil »« cii..id. She b.id one Ion, Idiis Wed el I'aal, vdui wa.. to lucceed lo the y 'veMiinent of Chciidi upon hii WELS. IV'ilijii pipe ihro;iM| j,, i ladici- (-Mvc llu;iiii,|l'| Mice l,i.s luiid 10 |;i|, l IIUlllK'lU uitluMit i'i:ca!.i;', r ILniiliiis bJorc lui,,' H Iiol, .111(1 lit it dowii •';;;( til lie 1.11(1, ill a low vuiij iVarrily l.c.ir liim, « ;,'[ , )1. tic Lit (liiv.n jctur;. was now ta^ii,- ^ y^,'^, " Addaii, l.i;d the l,,,,i ire; Wed Aliioir ai,ii i.' ivdlid, and will pay no n,. I (pia;ilil\ ui'poueilull;,,'.. I iwi-iily or tliirly iliui ,iu iMjilov yi)U with y;)iir :'i!;i Iji.id ihem (i( ilicir caii'ijv I) you." Mr. linicc p,,! iK»iit, and (MiK a!il«,;,i; (1 delirc tu l;tiu no i|,j„' d( lefice .i-aiii:i nfcr.' e()ii:;i;ued l!;j Ling, j.;, ■>iir;l, my l^ujiu, v,|„ { jslu-eii rt'iiliy (iladruii',;,! iiil'c, a lid lias (tm ii,\^,..,^ wij 1. 1 il.rec oilicrs ol li;, I'.kUrK's J KAVKLS to disi over tiik RIVi.R NILE in EGYPT. 7<':J A del II, I. .;[, f. Kralile deal cil i.Iair.c .1,1 I n til II haik, 1 will |,,-.i liDiuier- of Ki;;i)t. I'j;,, J look ills li av e. lie vi,!i 1 wii It lie <\as (0 do. \\( Wli i^ ail iluiiKii'iarv U:- e al Aiiela:r>, llui'u, U ^ I. liiiice iiiii;!it prdcct; a .1 trip W(m!d lie laid :';r (I iiuntd liiiu loro lonijl.f ul every tluiij; lainji 10,,,;, 11(1 li i\t (lieni fdnviiil :.':■, k.l bdliinaii, ihne i,r ( ,, \ui\ 111'.; feilled 1,|» atcin.!;;. ued baek ii\ links, 1'. Irjiidr( d jiid cigliu.f ;;t, 1 te eoiiiidfd, 'iLisirj.'.' les tu write a Liicr to :', iiiieiid him lor the f.:,. at Senaaar ; tnj 1! ', ; III iiifoiin ilic Inukii L nil ir(i;iry Itmu l;i» ,. , (.aiiiion never, iii ; .;! iiclal juaiii. r. Uiucc was ovrii.ik.n .11 wr.ii at l-.rfl (javt i'liii it; MIC with only oiic Ujiiu- the lidc of his camel, 1:1 iiH^iiir) , lie liniiid li'ii 11 Kv illi a balket ediili ;::; and fdtir bottle> of u 1, I- lent liack the iiiclkn:,;, ialk( I to I'lis own kivjii!, the eveiiiin; of the 51I111 tjelhei j">) fully at Snliir,::;. I .Solimaii, Septenil'cr r.' el. III I lie aftci 110(111 c3"* cli is not a river, a i: , li'.ii t!:ree villa)ic> liai.i;',! ly ill a line from mm!; i- ai ioiK au\ ciiliircs in lie (II none of llitni of am y aiiiM (1 on llie .illi ii liiindi, wliicli is a !.ii,:' *.i IliKt, the (•ovrrnnuiii lif ii'. Ihc is called, v\-J\ ,:■ l,ir|y, (lie l)ei'-« fllUl H 111' the l\lall^ ill ihiscrili:- ud, liul her fiilb.intl viii 1 ill IN Wed (1 Kaal, ^>1;'' eiiiineiU of t'licildi upon hit liis nidil tr's (Ie,ii!i, aiu! whii, in efl'erl, (jovcriied all jllairsofiii^ kindred ahead)-. Clu'iidi li'i'i ill it aliDii! 'a-jO lioufes, wliii li arc not ill lliiilt C(i!:lii;iious, loiiie of ihe Ik II of iluin bein;^ I pjrale, and that of Siilina's is half a inilc IVom the i.iwii. 'I'licre are two or three lolerahic houds, but ilii- rell of ill''"' 'T">-" niifcraldc hovels, built of clay 311J rced>- Siltiii.i j; ive Mr. Hriicc one of tbefc IlhiIcs, which he ul'cd lor kecpini; his hiftriiiiiciits and |,^/a;e from being pilfered ()r biokeii; lie IKpt ji,r,),icl ill ibc lent, .iiid il wa> even llicie hot enougli. 1 1,1- woiiu'li of riiendi are ellcenud the iindl heau- 1 fill in Atbara, and the men the gie.ited cowaids. This i'* lli<" charader llu v bear aiiinni' their conn:ry- ^.,,1, biif 'key had little opjioriuniiy of verilyin^ ciilu-r. lliey foiiiid tlie people at Chendi very nincli .iljrnud at a pliatnoincnuit, whidi, thmi^j it ofieii hippciis, by ((niie llran^e inadverh tn \ , had never i,ei) olifei'ved, even 111 iIun kienc ik\ . '1 i:c plamt Vciiiis appeared lliiiim;; with iiiiduiiiiidhed ln;lit all (iav III deliance of the bri;htelt iiiii, fioiii w icli (he v,j> but linl^ dillant. Tlir verv r(i;iikir and iiatnal aiipcaraiH e ol this planet was i:iiiiu di.ifiv ( onvei icd, iherclorc, inlo a li^ii that tliere wo.dd be a bad liarvell iK-xt veai, and Icanty rain*; lint Abou Kalee wiili an army would depole the kiin;, and over run all \diara; vilnlll (ome threaieiu il Mr. ISiueeasa prin- cipal npei.ilor in brin^ini; al- mt tiele difallers. On lli'iilliei hand, without luimn^ o\ er lolieituus about liisvi 1 licaiiiin, be inlinii it d ainoiii; me biller fort, ih.il till* •' •''' ■• kicky and kivon alile li^ii, a liarl)iii;;er (il jjKid liiitune, pltniv, and peace. Ike cl.iinoiir u;m),i till* lunlid.'d very miuiiio ki.> ad\aiit.i.;e, the rji'icr, b< caiile Mitina and la r km Idris knew ci r- uiiilv .Mal.oiiict .\bou Kelec was not to be in Atbara ifjl \i"ar. Mr. Biucc waited upon Siilina on llie 12th of Oc- l,.ihcr, wli.> received him bel.i ul a Icuen, lo that il n.iN iin'ic)l!i!)!e cither to lev- kei li^ure or face; be ob- f :v((i, luiACver, that tlieie weie apertures lo ma- iij'cd III the' Icieeii (bat Ibe bad a pi.'rle,ial;.ediiiuch uiwiniie teriii.< 111 which .\d( Ian was with the kin^, and niiiidrrcd exceeiliii>;ly bow a wliiie nun like bim flioiild veiitiirt lo lar in Inch an ilbgoverned 1 ouiiiry. Shcik'liicd Mr. lirtieetocoiiie toiler the iie.\t day t thai her foil Idris would then be al koine lunn the llow.it, iiid lliat he very inucli willied 10 fee him. .She that djy kilt tlicni plenty (d proMkoiii lu)m liei iiv*ii tjl'ilc. It was k) cxcclTlvrl) hot un the i.iib, that il was iiiipiillibk' 1) luU'er the biiriiiii.i^ brv. Ibe poilonous Siuii'iijii bk w likewile as if 11 c.ime hum an oseii. llicii cyc.> were dim, then lips ciackcd, their kiifcs Mllcrin.;, tlieir throats perlVclly dry, and no relief viisloiind from drinkiiii; an iniiiiodciaie (piaiiiiiy of vaicr. The peojiie advik-d .\h. fJruce to dij) a lpoii;;e 111 vinegai and water, ntid bold it before bis inoiitli iiiii Hole, .iiid thi.< greaily r. Iieved linn In tlie cvriiinuhe >»ent 10 .Sitiina. I'pon cnlirin;; the hoiile, dbljcktlave laidbidd of bim bv the h.ind, and placed hull ill a palla^e, at the end of which were two op- p.ililc doors. Mr. liriice did tiot well know the icjfun uf ilii, I ilitaiies, and iiickhiccs of llie lame iiKl.il, about hei neck. Iler li^ir Vs. IS planed in leii or l\\(l\e Iniall diviliiins like Mik, wlinh liiiii^ down bdow her uaill, and over iicr uas thrown a ( ominoii eoituii white );ai ment. .Slu: Kid a jiiiiple li'k Hide, or fcail, liuii;4 very niacefully 17111 her back, brou^jbi a^.iin round her waill, vviili- "111 covrini^ her Ihoiilders or arms. I'poii her wiill.s ihc had two kiacelels like bandiiitis, about b.ill an i cli lliuk, and two ^old iiiaiiailcs ol ike lame at ker fed, fully an inch in diameter, tlic moll dikigiceable and awkward part of ker (litis. 1 be Have carried him through a door at ike bntom of ihe p.iHas^e into a rcKiin, while her inillrels vaiiiflied in at anollier door at the top, and there w,"is ilic (creel) lie hid feeii ihc day before, and the lady lining behind it. She wa.sawoinaii letircely foiiy, taller than the middle fizc, bad aver) rdiiiul pliittip kice, b.er moiilli rather lar^c, very ri;d lip\ the tiiicU leeili and eyes he had lecn, but al the lop of her nofe, and bet a ecu iicr eye-brows, flic had .1 I'inall (peck ir.ide of cohol or lour- (if fiz if ibc aiilimoii)', liiialk II ]i:iul;es our svoiiien uC, d 10 wear; anoilicr rather longer upon the top o( her nofe, and Ojic 011 the middle of lier chin. In the evening of the 201b of Oftolier, lh?y left (liciidi, and reded two miles from the town; and, on the Qtb of Noveinb( r, having received all ilie allu- rances p'dFible from Idris, the guide wiioui Mr. I'nice had engaged at Chendi, iluy commiiicd tliciiilelves to the deleit. On the Ljlb, ibcy were al once kirprifed and ter- lilied b) a (iglil luril) one (jI il-.e iiioli magiuheenl in the world. In thai vad t.xpaiik' of dek.ri, from W. and to .v. W. of liiein, lliev (aw a iiuir.ker of prodigious pill.irs of I nd at d.dereiit dillaiHe\ at nines moving viiili great (\ leiil\', at others Hal king on with a maj(llic llownek; at initrvals they tluuight they were coining in a vi. 1 \ (ew iiiii ires 10 oveiwbejin them ; and hnall (pi.in land did actuallv more tlian once reacli lliem. .Vboiii noon they begin 10 a(Jvante with coiiliderabk Iw ilineis upon them, the wind being very llrong al iioilk. Klevcti o( ilicni ranged along lide of tlieni, about the dillanie of three miles. On the 22d, their camels were reduced 10 ftve, and It did not leem that ibele were c.ipable of eoiuinuing their |()uriiey much longer. In ihatcale, no remedy remained but that each man liiould carrv bis own water and ])rovilioiis. 'I'beir liiualion Iceined to be moll delperate till the 2 jili, when, to their ine.xpref- lible JO) , the) law the p dm trees al .\llouan, and a (planer before ten ariived in a grove of palm trees on the north oi ihat ciiy. 1 bey w'cre not long arrived, before they received from the Aga about lift) loaves of line wheat bread, and leveral large dilhes of drell meat. IJui the Imell of ilu le kill no looiier reached Mr. lirucc thin he fainted upon the lloor. His leivants bad none of thele (pialms, lor tkey partook largely and greedily of the .\ga s boiiniy. Our traveller wasobligcd to keep lii« room live or (iv days aher bis arrival 1 but, as loon as he got, belter, he and bis leivants let out on ilromedaries, VA older to recover bis baggage. .A Iler having gtine about half an hour in their former lootlleps, the) had the iinlpeakable faiis'aciion toliiid the ipiadranl and v\liolc baggage; and bv ibem the bodiesof ilieir (kniglueu d camels, a finall pait of one of them baung been torn by tlie baddaya. or kite. Afur b.iving received a very kind reception at tbi.f prffeiHid the Pidlic Zi'ilb the /izrva! , (•jiioits /luv h .SI ru iCKS 0/ Mr. Bku(K liuring his 'I'u.wi i.s /;/ AavsstsiA, Kiihoiil ei.leriiiji into thoj'c fut>c>'lhioui lUltiils, li'huh unl only rnidiv the ori^nul vo- Ittiitin. us. III! JjoH Ji/j^Hji iinj UTiiiy thr impiiiieiu redder, , ;cr //'.;.'/ iniv, ivtlh ei/iuil lucitriuy itnd iilteiitiuii, proceed ; :;///> Mr, llooiii-.sj iiilenjUii^ Thaviis in |nuia, fiiith/nlly ri\ ordinal evfry einimi/l.iiiie aiui o//t)\iilioi! lh.it may tend lo the improvement ,md enlertiiiiimint cf out N f ,\1 I. II O I- s b U U bC II 1 1! li II S. A N E W '■ If I <» 1 iJ 1 t.i !!'■ 'I^t S 1 tf. I ' *^i r^l '^1 A NEW, COMPLETE, and GENUINE HISTORY OF TRAVELS in INDIA; Undertaken and performed in 1780, 1781, 1782, and 1783, By WILLIAM HODGES, R. A. INCLUDING MANY NEW AND INTERLSTING ACCULNl S OF The Country, Buildings, Wars, Curiosities, Ruins, &c. wiili all the lNKORM;tT!o\ DiscovKRiES, and Adventures contained in the Memoranda and Communications ol the Governor-General, Warren Hastings, Efq. Mr. Hodges, Major Brown, &c. Sic Being an Entire New Hiftory of India and its Environs, containing ninnv curious Remarks, Events Ac more Accurate and Full than any hitherto pubiidicd. ;«>.-.« m 'V w CHAPTER I. Tbf hearty lyelcontf ubich Slrdngrrs recdvc on their fir/} IntrodufJion to InJu — Defiription if the Uiiidy Primes, ise. — The Hindoo TcmfU at Tripticane — Voyage to Bengal — Defription nf the C.nunlry — City of Caleiitta — // rnnliderahlf FtrtrrfsSiicfii Building.', (Je. — Manners of the lnbr,l'ilants — A Journey to Mom^heir — Mode r.f -TravelUng — nejlnpint c'f Plnffey — Of MoorJb<-d.il>itd — Of Oodoianitilab — Ruins of /.iinaiiab — Qifradei, (Jr. — ('eiiniry of (.'olj^on^ — yilLitf if Siittimziini^e — .In Jierniilaje — hivd Reeeption at liaujiUpoor — Mr. HoDctss Remarks, and Retniii h Ihur to Client ta. MR. Hodges expatiates much on the vaft delij'ht which actruis IVom a hill iiitroduttmn to India. AViicn the vi-flcl arrives at her ainhoring jilaci', (he is welcomed hv crowds of nihahiiants, vtho ronie in boats to hail her ; tiieir ornaments of lar>;e ;;()ld ear- rings, and white turbans, long muflin drcHes, and black faces, are very (biking; their mode of (ahita- tion is liciKlin); the body very low, ii>uehiiii» the deck with the back of the hand and tlie foiehead three times. The Ilind i. e. rafts) paddled each bv one man, who in cale of anv .iccideiit are to give adillaiicc. From the i8th to the 2 ill of July 1780, great (lifmav and confufion were incurred bv ilie terrible ravagei of war. Numbers were pouring in from nil quarters of Madras, in a moll niileiaiilc manner, with th<' remains of their pro|)eriie< and families: it is liippolcd that about 200,OOJ of the coiintiy people were at this time received within ilu- bhuk town of Madras ; the enemy had now exiendcii tlicirMepreJu- tioni even to the w.ills of Madras. It was about the middle of the laft eeniiirv*ilipn ih? Fnglifli foriiu-d the lir'lllemeni of Madias. It wa- j place of no real eon(e(]tience but for its trade, iiniij the war which broke out in 1718; and was concluiinl in i75'i, when the Knglifh were coididcrcd as lo. vercigns. Fort St. Ceorge, or Madras, which is a p!,i.f nf coididerabie llrcngth, riles (rom the mari:;in ol ih- (ea ; it contains many fpaciotis and handfnmc flrciN; the houles \er\' eUgaiit, being covered will; a llmrn, called Chnn.iin, which ap])ears e;i poldhed inarlile. Their llyle of building is alio nciii and ingenious; the ioof> are (lal, the poiiicocs 'i|v r, and the colonades long; ceilings arc very iincoininnn in the rooms, and the inner apartments aic chuf'i' white walls. The country near Mailras i* a pcrfeel flat, on winii is built, at a fniall diOance front the fori, a litiall Choultiy ; tliefe are public buihiings foiiiul all (ivn Ilindoffan, and aie of Hindoo origin; tlie\ arc, m fatt, analagoiis to thofe buildings called Caravaiilcrai^, well known through .Afia. They have been crfdnl and endowi'if by the liberality of princes, or tin- benevolence and piety of individiinls. A lJram;M generidiv attends them, who adininiflers relief to iIt poor and dillrefr il, who are fietjucntlv fi!|i;)lif.l .illii with a mat to ''e on; tanks, or referxoirs of water, or wells, aie eoiniiionly near them. 'Ihr* hdiiliwiit Choultry plain ari' (or the moll part bc.iiitihil iiicr. . of archiiertuie, and contain Icveial inai;iiilu.iit and fpac ions apartments, I'he Hindoo Temple, or Pagoda, at Triplcranr, two miles on the Couth of Madras, is of womlfif'il magnitude, it is feen all over the cmintrv, the laii thereof rifini; confiderably above llie ii.x's. A l.e.c tank with Heps delceiiding to tl.e bottom, filled wi:'i water, adjoins the temple. It is all t>\ lloiie, ;;. I remarkable lor its mafoiirj-. 'I here arc feecva! '-all •• rii.c.i- •'t ,4V«*Ur DIA nd 1783, R. A. s OF I tlie lNK)RNUriO\. C'ommunicaiions yi Brown, &c. &.r. s Remarks, F.vcnts, Ac. n if lie Hiiui' try of (.'o/j^oii!^~h!::i<^f ,4 b, and kiltivn by lijitr the lad ccnliiry«liniili? It ol' Maid IIS. li wa- a l)iit lor its trade, imiil 7 18 ; and was comluilnl wt-rc coiiliJiTcd a lo- ■aj, wliich IS A pla^T nf om ilic nniciii ol ih;' s iiiiti liandlnme l!rc,'t>; ^ covcti-il viilli ,1 lliicrn, ars ctnial 10 ihp line!! I if l)iiils called Caravanferai'., 'hey have been eicdnl iiy of princes, or iV- lulividiials. A liramm adininillcrs relieF 10 llr tVeinieiulv li!)';)lic,l iillii or re(er\nirs of waicr, ihem. 'rlir* liimrcs (111 nil part bc.uitiliil picri . Ii-veral ina|;nirii.t'iit anil l'af;o(la, at Triplcranr, ladras, is of WdiiilriM •r the eoimirv, the i.m tovc. the ir.xs. A !.r:o tl'.e bottom, filled kk'i It ii all f)f (lone, r:\ 'I here arclVvcal ',;ii! • nU'.ii.' (^'nynti't^^ ^rr PORTLOCKS, \f'w CpLLKCTlON ^ VoVAGES ^TRAVELS . %■ mm m.% «)««■»■ ampuviw mm »■ mm »■ »««■ mv^ Ni'MHoJi'Miio :ii5 Indian liH)i: ill ^'* I'ilt m:i II O D G E S ' S TRAVELS in INDIA. 7<^3 \\\c fiirf' of j^-licvos on tlu' liirt.u'c ol llu: tciiipio, wliicli \lr. l(t)il|;<^'s (uppolts iclati; to tliu ruliyion ol llic jIiikIoos. Mr. Hoili^cs, (I'.'ti'rmincd to ptirfiH' liis vovaj^c to ii.ii,i,il, I'lnbarkcii in Fchrnary 1781, and arrivi-d in ijnCijnm'i in March, 'i'liis coniUrv at liid view is \i.rV i"'P"""''"'" '"" "" ** "'^■'"■'■■' •'PP'"""'' •■"li'itts {be i^vt-'i tlii'ie •ii'iiis r.Mny bcaunrul villas, In-lon^^iitg (I ihc ricli inliabil.inls of Calriiiia, on a flat I'ur- i,i:i)i(icd by gardens, called Garden-Reach. On ibe luiiili liil'-' ol the river the city ol Calcutta makes a yn nv'i'fl appearance! it is marked by a conli'!'. ra- [iIj. luirils, allowed 10 be fnperior to anv in India. Ilu- iiilial'it'""'* are very kind to llraii'.;ers, and no niolclliiion wliatc:ver is oil'cred to any. 'I'lie city cMcnds Iron the wedeni point of Fort-W iiliani, aldiis iIh' banks ol' the river, aiintrik to the villn(;c of t",iliiP'><>r, winch is about lour miles and a ball' j.,ii'lill>. Tbe llrcets arc broad ; the llyle of biiild- i;;.', which is on a lariJe I'cale, very nini^nificent ; and ii)c hniilcs, bcini; detached Iroin each other and inlu- laiLiI in ;i i;"""-"-"' 'pace, very biperb ; thev are Inr- roiinJcJ by coloindes, have ijreat projectinij porticoes, aini arc nenerally al'ccnded bv a nii»!it ol llep>.. The iirs'lcnt inhabitants have imbibed a Uranyc niiMiirc ol iiuMiicrs; they ret.iiii leseral old .Mlatic ones, and have introduced many new Enropean ones ; thus, ihii.r^h wc wiinol's the pafliii'^ ceremonies of the IIuhIoos, the dillcrent appearances of the fakirs, the p.iiiankeens and hackeries of the natives, Sck, &c. tc mav olicii lire our own lin',le-horle chai'es, coaches, P'„k;oiis '*^c. Ah;)iH l!ic middle of April, Mr. H<iiinu'v as far as Moni;beir, on the (.ans^es, which v.ii a iliiijiue of about 300 Kn^l;(ii miles. He pro- iccilcil bv daiikd)eareis 1 in a p.illinkeen) or pallan- U\ii carriers, who arc perlons lured by ^oviTiiinenr, an 1 fixed at the fcveral polls or liases for f.iciliiatinn tnivcllinnj ihc number of perlons arc commonly r.inc, witii the addition of two men or hovs to carrv |ii;;';a:;c and lr.',lils ui the uij^ht, who from the name il tliol'e lights (moliol) are called mo(lol|eei. Kaeh (l.i'4C is about ten ImuJiIIi nuh-s. .Ml the eouniiy appears hii'jilv lluMiilluni; in t;lla:;e of cverv kind, and a!) (iiiuling wT cattle. 'I'he vilhines, which are \,r\ pipiil >u-;, are reniarkablv neat and clean. I'Lillev is didant from Calciiiia about feventy F.!i;!ini mites, an I from Moorlhedabad about thirty. Tiicrcaie lew buildings of anv note in Moorlhedabad, fvccpt tiie rcniain.s of the (Juttcrali, which was for- mcrlv a piiblic lenunarv for men ol learning; amoif; {[■X .Miiliuiinen. I'lcnn .Moorlhedabad the road pro- cecili ilin>ii>;h the villages of lum^epoor and S)oi\' 10 i.LM.iMiilla!) J it i^ eiulfed bv leveral liii.dl llreams uilcd Nullahs, f )ine of wbicli have ferry-boais for ih^' accommodation of the traveller. 'I'here is a fam)tis bridge at Oodooanullab, which was built by Stiliiii Sujaii, the Iccond foil of the Emperor Shah |i-iiaii, ill 1627. Tills place is twi> miles from Rajeiiiahel, which is nearly eighty miles from Moor- Hi-iihaJ, where at a little dillance are the niins of /aiianali. From Rajeinalul the public road continues in the li;!-,; of the river, at the foot of the bills, to till' pals ol Sicri (iullv, whence it enters the province 01 Uaiiar. The pals of Sicri (liiliy exhibits a \ery pichnvl'ijiie fcene ; on the top of the lull there is a ruiiied tomb of a Mull'ulman laint. Mr. llodi^es was i:.'iorlcd by a panv of leapovs to tlie falls of Moote- )criij, ill the hills, about eij^bt En!;lilli miles inl.uid Inmi the river. In the time of the rains the calcades may he ealily difeerni'd from the bills, the river beiii'^ iIk'11 near ihirty feet bii>ber than in the dr\- feafoii, ami the fills confiderahly iii'real'ed, and when rain las lately fallen in the hills the cataratls may i'e iJilliiictly heard at the dillance of two Eniililii miles. The road is throiigli llu' woods. Mr. Hodges proceedctl acrofs the pals of Tcrric- lully, whentv '!>'-' fO!»',',i(le<, covered with a line turf, and intcrlperled with woods only, which conlill of Iar};e timber trees, that f.ir the greater part of the year coniinne verdaiu like all oiher veijctabic jji'o- diictionsol the eoimtry. Eurthcr on, the road Ikirts the woods, and is (haded with leveral great trees, whereon are a variet\ of beautiful birds, particularly peacocks. There arc leveral fmail rivers to pals, wliicli, on account of the {Iceiincfs of their bank.s, are very iroublclonie to the pallankccn car- riers. The country and | rof'p^cN about f'olironq arc exceedingly iie.iutilul. This p!;!ce is remaikable for a conliderable llriam that falls into the (lances, which by its coiniiiued fence, partieuLr.lv in the rainy leafons, has detached two larj^e rocks and formetl tlieni into illands, covered with woods, full feventy yards from the (bore. In the time of the rains thi.'J pallai»c is very dangerous, and can only be elfeded tiy liiiall boats. Mr. Hodges now proceeded to the village o^ Sul- tiinguiige, oppotite which, in the river, is Jehaii',ueery, a rocky illaiid, with a lew trees and a finall hermitage on the lop, inh.iliiicd iiy a Hindoo monk, it being (unlidered by the Hindoos as a lacred place. !• roiu this our traveller proceeded to Haugicpoor, where he met with a very kind reception from the gentieinaii wlio then governed this diltnct. It is about thirty or forty Englilli miles from this to Mongheir. The country is highly cuhivatcd, the villages very neat, and the roads exceedingly good. There are leveral burial-places of the Miilfulnu 11 (who, like the ancient (ireeks, buried near the liigbwavs) along the lide of the road. Thole of fuperior rank iiave mauloleums, adorned according 10 ti.eir family wealth or niuiii- liceiice, and tholls ol the common people are mounds of earih, covering the whole length of the body, with a fmail I'.piare coluinii at the bead, aliout three feet I'.igh, and another, not more than eighteen inches, at the feet. There is a great variety in the country, from Calcutta to Mongheir, whubis a large Indian town wiib an old furt, one lide ol which is ll.inked bv tl.c (iaivges, and that to the land by a deep widediich. Here are three ca]utal gates, the full on the lide next the river, tb.e fecoiid on the call lide, and the third on the loutb ; the fecond Icems very llrong, and agrees with the old llyle of callles. Mr. Hodges expatiates much on the variety of travellers that arc to be met with in the courfe of this route. Several lavage-lookiiig fakirs are to be feen ; alio whole families, fonie with camels loaded with goods, others riding on bullocks, the females in liackerirs, and tlu; younger part of the company on fmail horfes, which are (ailed tanyans, and arc for the chief part pie-lialled. The men, who march on foot, are armed with I'pears and match-locks, alio fabres and (liields lluiig acrofs their backs. Mr. Hodges departed liy water from Mongheirj wliicli allorded iiim an opportijnity of admiring tlie varied Ihoics of the C.aiiges, and the dilfercni boat.'T of the country. He remarks, that it is common about this leafon (d' the year to fee a fmail black, cloud riling in the callern part of the horizon, and fpreaditig itlelf afterwards to the north-well ; this phenomenon is always attendetl witii violent thunder, lightiiiiig and rain. He all'o informs us, tliat palTing by the city of Moorfbedabad, in tlie evening of a Mullulman's boly-da\ , be was very much entertained at liehoiding liie river covered wiib innumerable lights jiill Moating above tlie fiirface of the water ; at tirit lie could not compiehcnd tiiis uncommon appearance, iuit, on inquiry, underllood that upon thele occifions they fabricate a number of bnall lamps, which liiey light and let a-lloat on tlie river, tbefe, b\' the llrcam conllantiv running down, are carried for leveral hours to a conliderable dillance. After a pallagp of a few days lie arrived at ("alcutta. l^ km It' HI 8 q CHAP 70h NEW COLLECTION ok VOYAGES and TRAVELS. C H A P. II. t!# A/r. Ilonof.'s ExpcMlidH tvUb the Govfriiar-Gexfiii! — His OlU'rualioii of the Diwi/h Sfltlrment of Serampocr—Sri at i'.bfrclt\ — hrftih .Seltlemeiil nf fbauJirnj't^oif — Ihtci' Srl/li'mrn/ of I'hinfurah — Hx^lv, t?V. — /Irrival of il J-hrt very large, on aeeount ol' tlie i;reat nutnliei- who ncccHaidy attended the govci- nor-ncncral. Mr. Hodges'.< firfl obfcrvation was tlie Danilh let- tkinent of Scrampoor, whieb is a tinali diltaiicc above Calriitia. Hoib lides of the river are decora- ted wiib a I'l w houles belonging to Knglilh genlle- inen ; ibeie is a very fine leai at Gherelly, abunt twcnf. ni:les ('ri)ni Calcutta. The Krcncli Icttlen'cnt ot Cliaiiderna^dre is a little above this; it fccnis to Uave bn n very ronlidcrablc In-ni the rinns of the fort. Adjoining ll.is, is ilie H)wn of Lhinlurali, the l)uli.b iitileinenl on the i)anks ofiho river. I !'.e appearance of tills town is veiy bandloine. Tlure aie Icveral good bouks and a church, with a lilllc mole projecting into the river. This town lies niMrly inidwjv iHtv.cen Chandernagore and II >;K , whuh, llioii'.;h ill ruins, retain the viltigcs of rincr tiuiiii- hceiice. Culiii iiod ihiddea, leading to <'utw.i, are both eoididerahlc towns. Mr Hodges now palled Icveral (illicriowns ,dre.i>;\ nieiiliuned. On ih • arrival ol the fleet at ihc cilv of I'atn 1, tiie wiiidovis m the houles on ihe banks of the river, and .dl ihe tops of the buili' ngs and every wall, were crowded. 1 lie go\enior-geiicral was received h\ tlie nuiltimdc with great joy and rcipetf. '1 l.l^ cilv wliicli is the principal leat of the province and go- vernment of bahitr, IS long, narrow, and verv ])o|iu- loiMj 11 li.n be n liiig lim.ius, having a foil, and jjeing ll e nlideiice of the poliiieal and loinniercial chiefs, and the courts of jiiilice of the province ; the Itreels, which are narrow, are fcldom clean, the buildings are very lofiv. Mr. liodgr* went to examine ihc mofque of Moon- hier, on iltc river .Soane, which is a bcauiifnl large building, being a fipiare with pavilions riling fri>iii l!ic angles ; in the eintre there is a inajellic dome, the top of ttliich is liiudied by what the Indian an hi- fccfs eail a (.'uL'.'is: the line of the ciirvr of the dome u not broken but coniiimcd by an inverted curve iiiiiil it finifhcs in a crelcent. The outer liiifacc is ornaiiu-nted by plaioiic leaves cut in lloiic, covering the whole ; the lines iiitcrfetl each other in great lozenges and are altogether very beautiful. The great entrance to this inufijue has columns, diminilh- ing as it were in pcrfpeclive to tiie inner door. .A Urge tank belongs 10 it, with leveral buildings anfiiig from the water containing pavilions. Baiikepoiir i< at a fmall diltancc from I'atna, where there arc frceral leats of Knglilh gentlemen, and near which IS the military (laiion of Dinapour. Mr. Hodges followed the (leei, and having palfed the inoiiih of the river (.aramnalia. arrived at iJiix.ir, Augiill the 1 2th; from this iliey proceeded to (i.i/i- |Kior on the ealteri; Ihore of the (i.iiigej; here aie the riiii'S ol a very fine palare, railed on a high bank, almoll adjoining which is a building for railing w.iter and Itfppl) i'.'K the foiiniains by means of jiipes. There are about two iiiile«#ioiii the river, the remains of a Serai, and foine tombs at a fmall diltancc: fioni this Ml. Ihulgrs procctdtd to Benares, and ariivei! tie day afi'.-r the governor landed. The allair of t |,„j, Sing, the /.emindar of the province, now cn);rij|!,j general aiieniioii. The i^cmindar (which nnriic, limply a l.indholdcr either by a light of iiiheriur,, ■ or nifiely as a renter) met the govcrnor-geiurjl ji Kiixar, attended vuih a conliderable ti.nn, ai,,t . large fleet of boats wiiereiii were 2C00 aimed r;,, being the moH ailive and experienced oflicrupi and iiilended, as imagined, to fiipport him m il' lefufal ol Uk h demands as the govcrnnr-i;' rcr I might think proper to ni:iLe. Iicveral tnclfagcs ai,j letters having palkd between the rcl'pcclivc pai;ic Mr. Markbim, the relidcni, received orders u) u>[ the I'ajah under arrell; a great dilluibance i;i:;.;r. diatel) look plaee, which oecalioned much hloiii. Ihed and ihe Ka|ah elcaped; the eonrccjueiit li.ls , f friends and the tiir.cral ceremonies wliicii Aill.n,. 1 threw a giui'iii over all the Knglilh. Further diiir f! lis taking place, it was deemed advil'ahle to i-; ^j I'-r {'hiiiiar, a dillance of about twenty milc«, siuj oppoliie which, c.iily the lic>:: d,.\ , '" '" panv, inil,,,!. iiig Icivants, &c. to the niiiiibcr ot about 4C0m'> lal ly arii\ cd. Now ibe war was compK uU , ■... nienced with great diladvaiiMgc on thi- i\irr Kngl'Ib. Some dcipcratc (!.r>ft>. . ,, i„,„_j_ KH tliv ■ me.iliircs \...u-, hi^'vever, i.ikcn to r:;i j b" ll period to ihc \»jr, by vigoiuuiit 1- c Ions Iv ( pilv liiccee'l I. Ill ,• 'I't-i-i^in^ !>(i|ii •la and of I.utiecfpoor, whirji h^r,. I'-'.:. I'aierta lies about four miles n i.fiy niiL's from C'liunar. 'Ihe lort c.f tlhiiiiii IS lituaied on the Caiigcs, near twenty mil i above the iilyoi Henares; it it built on a rock, fir. lilicd all round by a wall and towers at various i' f. laiiees; it was originally built by the HiiiJodi, j J laid to be of the higheit antiijuit\ . Hen.ircs is one of the moll ancient cities; t'^e^i'. tai.ce, from Calcutta, bv the near-ll road, is alvm- .j6o miles, ii is a great deal more bv water. He ciiy anciently bore the name of Kali, and i* built n!) the nonh fide of the river; it has a beaiiiifiil appr.ir- ance, as it abiwkfptur~~:{r. I'i — <>i"i ('o'l/fijUfnc,,^ ■(• bund Stnriiiff .y ^, '■ioch l''\fs—D'ijcrif,:\ *^4#- .«'^. Tlic aflair of Cli"ii jvincc, now cnj;ro||,j iiiiiilar (which iippin., a linht of iiihcritaiHO c novcrnor-i^fiural ^i liilcrable ttain, ai,,| ^ ,i'rc zcoo aimed nivi. ixriciucd tif l!criar((' (iipport hiui III i!;.! tlic novcrnoij; r,r,.i Several moirjm-s a;,j the rrlpcciivc patuc , rccci^xd order* m \.v,\ cat tlillurbiiuc i;'.';vr. cali»iK'd much liloul. the C(iii!'i ijMC'iit V.U . f noiiics vliich lc'iiii\t::,i i[;li(h. Kilrtlicrdiltrf. ii'd advil'ahle to i;:;:l^- )uiii twenty tiiiliM, „y.\ 1 d:;y, ''•• party, i lull.,!. I)cr ot about 400 m^n ■ was COinpKlcly rrn. ige on the |\irr l.a;,-.fh .. 1. •c, . r. mkcn to pii j l^riKtuily .I'liiuftir^ h(j|i| iinccfpotjr, which lurw ibout lour niilis no!';i I'n miles beyond; li |. hunjr. The Inrt 1,1 k^cs, near twenty imi'i built on a rock, fir. owcfH at vjriou> d f. V the llitiiioos, i..\ lil'l M :^,t|! ji!'' ^^ % m itiont ritUN; i:'c»i '■ ne.irril r.iad, is ah .o more by waicr. lie )t Kail, and i* biiili "it has a bcaiiliiiil nppru- which are vcrv I > idoo leiTipIrs on ilj II afccndeil bv II' ;'( < ity IS a conrHitr, t' Nliiiarets, the he. i Minarcis is 232 lea. t Vc\i\ ill vrrv joid liirroiindinq ilio ciiv, ilicc, which had cm- de, or part (d 0!h', F ilip ornaincnls; itiii n iVroll on one psri.- , particularly cmMv'i oil acniralrly ohkrv- ■i, riiiind each coliiiv 1 ts which appeared 111 11 Hcnares, Mr. Hiid;-! reiiiony which wis : 1 tlur river, and »l i^'i his wa.1 the horrid '::. of lier biilliiiiid. (^n iks of t!ie river w'liif ice, Mr. llodn'> F"- a bier, laid at ilie cilii; Ii linen. Thcie vfie r.i.w t* - ^^^ m| H m hi /. V N' \^ ! I ' ' !l '1^ i,! K j;i : '■■><■ , ' r ' M I, U ' iii .I!- I«i ■' piii ! ■ h uir H O D G E S ' S T R A V K L S in INDIA. 707 pdw only a fi'W people .ill'cniblcd, it bi. in,.; about icn jn tlic morning. After I'omc tiinc tbe iiiii'urtiinatc iiidiiw appeared, aticiulcd by tlic HraiiiiiiH aiul (omc )iw relatives, wiihmulic; folemt) and (low tlic pro- c'lrmn, while the vitlini moved with a firtii and (leady pice. She approached the body of her depaiied hiilh.ind, with a countcnantc perfeclly compoled, ami lloppiM)" here (or fome time, addrelled tlioCe wlio vcrc near lier with app.iieiit good humour, and with- out the lead trepidation of voice. 1m hci Kit band Ihc held a roeoa nut, wherein a red colmir was niixed up, and dipping in it the (ore-(in);er of lur rii;ht band, (hf marked iholc who were near her, to whom (liL- vilhcd to (flew ibis lall art of attention. .She was abmit 2 1 or 25 years of a^c, which is the lime of bcTiMv s decay in India, notwitbllandiiij; the remains MJiicli (he prefcrved, proved that (he was once very l;,i!i(lfo;nei (lie was rather (hort, but well formcil, jiul polfellcd of beautiful bands and arnu. She was ilicllcil in a loofe robe of white drapery, which icjcl.cd from the head to the (Vet. About half an hciur i'cniplii\cd in prayer with tl'.e Uramins) was [•)ont from the woman's (iril appearance to the takiiif; up of the body, to convey it into the pile. 'I'hc place ; f'.itaturs and, without (peaking, entered alter it. whereupon the door was iminediaifly t lolVd ; (ire was now adminillered to ihi' eoiiibnllibles, whicii l)l.i/ed ' Ilaniancouny, and (tillkqt burning !)y ad- ditional lue! being occalionally throw 11 in. The iniilii- lude who now l)eriinic nunierou<, and difcovertd more joy than ftrief on the occalioii, accompanied the lall part of thi^ aboiiiin.ilile icrenioii), with loud and rontimied (liouis. '1 he only induci meiit Mr. IIo(l^',es had to be a fpeclator, was the (Ulire of afcer tainin.; a l.ut, wliich, at lird, be could b iidly belie When tbe traveller pa(['es the open cmiMlr"', .iv, enter.; the jungles or wo;ids which (luround .iie for'i of I.uiteelpo'r. 'I he woods ehiedy coniilt of bam- hnoi, which come very dole to the wall.s, and arc fl about tiie end of the fame month. ff ti I I r I j -'«e CHAP. III. IT !ning propofed by Mr. Cleveland to peram- bulate part of the diltrid into the hills, Mr. ll.id>;is readily acceded. Tl'.ele j;cntlemcn let out farly in Ki hriiarv, on a lour through a part of the couiurv called the |uni;leterry to the welhvard of ll.iii;;l(|H)()r. .\ i;riai deal of wooil, includm;; much ciliivaicd (ground, and fcver.il vdla^es, inhabited (1.1. 11) by Inilbandmen, are lo be louiid in this in- tcriiir part of the country. Clrcal mades of (lone b< 111(1 piled upon one another, render the appearance ol ih.i country verv lingular: (evcral imnienle tim- bcnrccs, overlbadowing tiicfe rocks, j^row out (rom their intcrllieev: they arc of dilferent kinds. Some Duri^'iws, or burial places, with little chapels adjoin- ing, which belonged to ti'.c Mullulmans, arc lobe Iccii (in loiTie of the hiiTlieil of thefe lulls. Some of ihe principal hill chiefs having invited Mr. Cleveland to ilie ceremony of an annual lacri- licc, tlie m-ntlemcn proceeded to the village on the nKmiiiam where it was lo b;: folemnized. I'he chiefs, whd gave thi.s invitation, redded on a range ol hills, \»hich be to the fouth and lo the wellward of Baugle- poor, CNtentling fouth to the back of Rajem.diel. Their manners did'er entirely from the Hindoos; they are neither divided into cads nor tubes, and tliey cat of every (pecics of providon, which the followers of ISramah cannot, being limited in this article according to their call. J'hc ferocity of this people was cniireiy (ubdued by the mildncls of Mr. Cleveland's adminiftration. 'I'bis gentleman, by a variety of attentions, had weaned them completely (torn their ulual depredations. He ordered clothes to be made like thofe of the Scapoys in the Company's fervice for a few, gave them fire arms, and bad them indrucled in tbe e.vcrcifc of them. '1 his inlpired military courage in others, and (bonly a camp was (ormed ol a tbouland men, three miles fiom liauglc- poor, where the llriclell difcipline was obl'erved. The gentlemen having left the vill.ige of Uarkope (which is almoll in the centre of the Jungleterry) travelled through the d.it country, and entered the bills, which are covered with wood, wlu-nce they had feveral beautiful prulpefls. On the fecoiid day of their journey they arrived at the village of the hill, where the annual lacri'icc was to be foleinnized. A (mall open hut had been ereCled in tbe village, on purpole for Mr. Cleveland'.s reception, and tbe next morning being ihc time appninu-d, every pcrfon in the iieiglibourhood wasfummoned to attend. About nine o'clock the ceremony began. A kind of altar, condlling of bamboos, was railed before a fmall but, about fix feet from tbe ground. A kid and a cock being decapitated, their beads were throw n upon the altar, and there left. Ibis (ird part of the cere- mony was little attended to by any of the partv. Notice being given in about an hour afterwards, that the principal rite was about to be performed, the gentlemen immediately repaired to the place of ren- (iezvous. A fine large bud'alo, which bad been pre,, vioufly purchafed and fattened by the people, was now dragged with ropes, by the horns, towards the ("pot where the decollation of the kid and tbe cock was performed. The chief of ihe village, who had no covering except a cloth round his middle, now held a large and bright fabre in bis band, while, after much dilhculiv, the animal wa.s brought to the place of -oS NEW CDLLKCTIOX oi- \OY.\GV.S and TRAVELS. ' "H iJfi H ?, I'll* .':. J- f| M -i iA' i'.icrificc. A concouili; of |iri;i:.; iiK'ii btin^ .111 ii.iki.ll' ll'.c aiiiiii.il w.is Cnfl of all lia:ii- llnni^i-il, ID ;i c\i n! his il'c.ipc. 'I'lio cliii'l'liicn (loocliin tlu- lol'l liik' oi .lio animal, aiiil (Irikinj; tlu' iippi-r pai t oT ilio !K'i' iiiMi- ilic IhniMc'r with liis labn', lit tlu: pimr ,'.i;!' i,il lullouij^ ami llrii;;i;lini;i lor his lilicrly ) 1 v,iil,>;',t!y, li'..'.i It u'.iairc.l lU) iutlc cxltiIoii Ici th'MMi Inin. I'lnv.-.n!'. of a (juarUT ol an hour was fpt-nt i;i tl.',!'; iMitlii^ tlio Ipiiic of tlu- nvck, atui il VMS li)iiic ;:;i;k' h.-l,)ic ['.J 1.../.J was u.vcii'd, oven .il':^!- the aiii.'.i il Ic'l. A ;;riMt piuli.' aijii iiiii.\ rl'.-.l iik-ncc pri-fch .1 tho la! !lr,il..-l When tlioih-Lr had gixcii il, hi! th'n lloiil np, .id cNtt-mlln;; his ami, win. h h.cM th.c rai;ii-, K\'iiic,l i>) ,i;;vc a liiiiial i;i ilii- pcDpif, wi'.ii tlv.TLiipoii iii'iu'il in, .iiid l)C();ui to lakv' lip llu' bloiij (if iIk animal, which, tlu)ii:;h nii,\fi! with the liirt 111' the grinir.il, tiiiv drank up, and lia\m,' biriiKarcd each other, and tiimhled aluiu; in a inull Ir.m'i: iniiniicr, they proceeded to e.u the luiriv, wiiK.i WIS al'ierw ards tiii in pieces. Th.e lie,.:!, liki ihi'h.- I'f ih ■ kid and en. k, w.is, however, pi\'- llr'.vd. i'lie l.iiiiiico b; ihl; over, e.i( ii reiiir:ud to his relp', tl:\ e duelhi:;;. Great rejoicing; il.'v (onk |-!.ice, and tlic rcin.iindcr of ihc (ia\ \\.i\ Ip •it in iniith an.l rc\ Jrs . Siir^in.;, d.iiieiii;;, a'ul ilriuki:is; became iinivirl.d ; llu hil! prcv,.ihii to •• ii. ii anion,.; the men, ih loll li.iif till ir ;i,iriners. .After the l.icrilice, the ^milemi ii u turned to rj.mijlepo.ir, ar.d the iKWt d iv viiiicd Deo^ur, a fiiijll vill.ii;e, and, \':\}r:^ ihc.i'cd i lacrcd Ij .1, is r.iiu'h finpu lued 1>;. tli. . Iiiid.-. 1 pii ',nn)^. l.erc are live ancient p.i.;i)iiN which h.i.c c.ich .1 Iniall elMinhi r in th.c' cciure I ! '^Lhe leet hpiare, with a l.inip liaim- ii.^ ou'r the / ',,■'', wi-.ic'i is the i^reat oi>j' U ol rupeiliiiioii .i::i .!!.; th'.- follow CIS ol Urahmah, heiiit; the f;eneial l\ nibi.) of renovaiive iialure. The p.il- iai;c IS onl\ liiifu ieiill I'.i::!! and broad for the adiiiil- lioil ol one pel Ion. I'hele |),i';i)das air formed like pvramids. '1 he pil;;riiiis are d.iiU emph]\ei| in i ,ir- tvini; ihe water of the (;aiii;cs 10 the weflern litie id the pcninlula ol India in lar^c llalks or bottles, containini; about five (piaitseach; oncateacbci the dillaiice of the place where it is c.u- ried to, and I 1 iiianv ,ire the purchalers as to render it a ronfider.dile trade. As our tr.ivellers letiirncd ncarU in the re(Hion in which they came, lli'y had of cnuile no o]ipnrtiir,it\ hu Innher ohietvations. .\lr. Ilod;;es h.iviii;; remained about four months at lUunlepoiir, paiicccded for Calcutta, and arrived there Slas 13, 1782. Here our traveller was fci/.ed with adan(;erous illnefs, which rendered hiiiitxeced- iiiglv weak till .liiout the end of .N'ovcmber. When recovered, he .i]iplied to the cnivernor-Kenerai for pi rniillioii to renew his tr.i\els, whiilibeiiif; imme- diately uranted, he be^aii his ne.M jonrne\' by land |aiui.ir\' 10, i;'tf, p.illiti'.' thtoiis^h Mooilhedab.id, liaui;lepoor, i''..c. already mentioned. liavin;^ relied .it Heiiares four days, he proceeded on bis journcv, and, on the feeotul day alter Ins de- parture fioin llience, arrived at .Mlahabed, which is tiic point 1)1 loiiiiucnce (j1 the two ureal rivers |iiinna and (l.ui^es, and between the eallern boun- daries of the |uinna and the welleni bouiidarie; of the Cnui^es is Dooab, a country elKemed very krtile, l\in^ between two rivers. Immediately H the point IS the fort id Alialiabed, liuill entiiely of Hone, and t immandiii;; from its (iiuation the iia\ii.^atioii ol both li.ir.; ni^LMiiillanding which |)eetiliar advaniat^c, 11 • » hit to Miin. The biiildm;; is entirely in the old ll)le. 1 he wills are (laiikcd with round and li|uare towers; that called .Af;ra ^.iie is ornamented with feveral linall p.ivilions on the to|), and is ver)- hand- lonie; there aielwoolhei nates within the i\\terior ^ite, fornieil) leiin.d with poilciillies. 'Ihc lirll, v.linli I. veiy exieni.ce, h.is l,iri;e areas within the wall:;, wh.ch, covered with ihu viuinblcd icinaiiis id bu:!ili:i;;s, a--.: now heaps id' luiiis. 'i'lic cay, as u m c.'iieil, coi'Iiili.'!!:; oiilv of tf.atehcd huts, is WKin n' the fort, from ih.is ,\Ir. Hodges proceed. d ti (^v.-npoor, wiiicii is a hiv/.- niililaiy liaiioi;, m, iij, (jaiij^es. It i>a i .mtonnieiit for a biigade, :i:p.i,,iii'. ill;.; to ten llH).i:'atid mvn on the war ell.d.lillni.ci.t . the men live in huts inllead oflcnts, wi:!i il;i.:r kia;,! lies: it is conlideied as ,1 v;icat encampiiujit. On th.e 2-,th of I:inii,ir\' Mr. I lodges airivcj .n 1. 11'. '..now, wl'iili is lup-iiokd to lie ^.!)..'Ut goo ill 1 ■• diltance from C.ikiiit.i !'•, i!;.- route I'mou^Ii l'eiiinx'> ihoiij^h (onie think it onl\ 6-,0. It is an cNitudv/. cilv, but till- l-.:iilJiii'.;s aie verv r.ic in, cuiililliin only of mud w,..i!s, covered with lli.itcli. Scvci.i'l eoidill enliicl,- 111' ir , is and bamh.oos, ai;d are thauh,,! with leaves ot the . ocoa nut, palm-tree, and I'onic- tnnes with llraw ; ilicre are very few ',;rick \wvMi the (beets are vii\ bad, narrow, andcrooked. Whc* the fealon ■' wet, the miie is fo deep, there is karcc any walking;; when dry, the heat and dull arc inuikr. able; ihc loot iMU'eiit^i-r is eipi.illy aniio\ed bv ti;- t:re.it nimiiier ol elephants, belongiiiji to the ii.ih.ii, and his fiiitc, wliich arc c.iii;iiiu:illy p.i(fing the llrcct': Indeed the ;;vi . t men of this pl.ice and their Icivam. a:ir; d very iwile to tlie convenience of th.e poor. 'V'.:c :i, limb's p.d.Tce is on ,i iii;li h.ink iieariho rivcr. It commands :iii e.xle.il'.ve view tiolii of tlic Gooisit.v and the couiiirv on ti)i' calkin lide. '1 here arc fare- conns wiihin the w ilh, and a durbar, where , ill ^ ,. I...1-, on hein.; prefeiKrd, arc reci ivcd by thenriii,. rii-.s d'.r, bar is ,i r.;!it;e of three arcades, parallel: 1 call otlur, and fippoited by the coliimns in u ■ .\I i,y;;!Ii taile. Th.e cciliii); and all arepimtcd v; , oinameiils .md Mowers, and beautilidly pih ; n ,, ake.idid bv 11 | .. fiom a flow er j;.irden, win 11 in .,,. pl.imed IhoLt; k i iited llowers ; there is noihiii..' ii; , ^. commended in th.e evrrrior of tlie luiildmij; near t! - pahn;e there is a ;;,irdeii, walled round, d.vulcd \: 4 I! irrow dil'.iL'/re.ilde ro.id : at each .iimle of wl:,,!-. l^ .1 i;rand p.ivihmi, erected of biiik, muted u,;,i cluiiieiii and riclilv ornamented. On the i)th ol It binary .Mr. Ilod^ei di-lfrmmcil to make a jouiney to 1 \ /.dud and the am iciii c;i\ 1 Olid; he arii\cd at ! \ .'..I'lad the fetuihl day .ilk. (eliiii); out, which is a diltaiicc of ,ihoul ei 'l.iy hn lilli miles, in a foiitli call dircilion. On enter;.- the iiiy, Mr. llod;;e'. was receded h\ a peirnii h' . was I rdered 10 flio'.s tie pallankecn be.ireis to a I';;'.!! hoiife ill a hiri^e ^'irdeii, winch wjs .ilioiuJ Mr. ll.id>;es during l.is ikiv. 1 ;. ..abad is a very extenfive ciiv, and, to aii ;,••. penance, verv populous, hut its iiiluthit.i"H .• clued)' of th.e lowell cl.il-.; the moll emiiiciit i.i ;i • inerch.ints, i>ic. ha\ iin; loi'owed the court wliuh \,,,, removed to I.ncknow. Some remains of ir.aav iiji:,. fome brick buildings are to be ken. '1 he iiic r:- propriaied to .Mi. Iloii^-ess aecomiiiodaiinn, h,-.il ,1 iar^^e beautilul [.'.is'ihon over the principal ei;tra;iCi It was alcendeil by a narrow llair-cale, leadiiik, 1.1 three open looms, comm iiidini; on one fide tiv- whole eiiv, and on the otiier the ^ardcll, a viill ix- tent of country, and the iicer Tiojira; a mef|iK- with three domes, was oppofite the gate. .Some llioi! time alter Mr, llod^es's arrival hero, iic was Mjiir,: upon by a pcrlon from ihe nabob's inotlicr, vii... broii.;lu him a rium!)er of didies of various ciirrir and pilloM's for Ins n frefhment. The coiiiphmci!!- wliicii were in tin: .Mooiilh llyle, were lo liii;li ani Ihitterin;;, lli.it our ir.iveller almoll imagined l.iiiilrl: tr.iirdornKil into an Indian n.ibob. liaviii;; rctiirii- ed his moll relpettfiil compliinents, he parinak i! the r.,pall, which was very Rood, but would luv been belter if aecoiii])aiiied with wine inllead of w.i ter. .Alter this Mr. I lodjjes proceeded to iii.ikc In- further ohler\ alions. 'I he remains d the palace, built by the Ij!c 11,1 boh, now iittracled Ins attention. 1 Ins hinliin';, which covers a ureat cNtent of ^routid, luis kvir..i aiedj or courts which contain iii.iny leparalc I'uilii iiij^s. Ill the lltiicr coiul aie the rciliaiiis nl li.; durbjr, AVliLS. niiiis. 'I'hc ci!\-, il'.aitlicd liuts, IS . l!'.)di;cs proccc'J' il t. /.■ iriililiiiy llulioii, (,ii ill, it for ii Iwigaiie, ;i:i!i,,ii!;. Ill iIk: war cl!.il.lilliin.|.('. oflciits wi;!i (l'.(.:i- ,',,ii;,' cat I'licaiTipiin.m. \- Mr. I1(uI,;l-,s airivcj .n j.l u> lie ab.mt 930 mil.., !:.■ Kiiiic l''.r( ilic Godi'ii,'. Ill lidc. 1 here an larr I a durbar, where all m,. .re rL-ci iv( d iiy tlic piili,. three ar< adi>. |mij!1iI , 1 by ihc I'oliiiriis m i; ■ 1; and all are punted \i. , lid beauiilully j iiidini; on one fuic ih;> ler ihc garden, a vail i\ MviT (iojira; a mel jiic ile ihc gate. Some IIum' rival hero, lie was wjiii.; he nabobs inollur, vi," lidies of various riirrif neut. The eomplimci;!- 1 llyle, were lo liii;li ani r alinoll iinaj^incd l.imlil; nabob. liaviii;; rttiirii- pluiients, he |iart()iiK / N \ \ •A r '. ' ^ > •■'■•- '^»au.«ifc«i .♦% ;' HODGES'S TRAVELS in INDIA. 709 durbar ; the reft were evidently dcfigiicd for public offices, or the like, biit with the painting, &c. greatly „nne to decay. A large extent of buildinR, which ^,,j(l have been once very magnificent, is within an inicrior court, the principal front of which is on the baniis of the river : this was defigned for the nabob's ptiv i,vate dwelling. Near this are other edifices, in- tended for the Zenanah, wherein foine traces of oar- jriis are to be leen. A very handfoine large gitc conllitu'e' the grand entrance to the palace, ihc fu- jcrdriichireof which was a place for arms, and there islliil a ^•••'"■d '^'■pt '" 't- I I's Nobut (i. e. a great drum) which is an appendage of royalty in Inilia, and when beaten, which is both at fun-rile and iun-rct.may Vi- heard afar off, was fixed on the lop of the gate. The remains of the ancient city of Oud, reported to have been the fird imperial city of Hindodan, are nearly adjoining I'yzabad. This is confidcrcd as a place of fandiiy, and ihe Hindoos confequently per-, form pilgrimages thither, from all parts of India, continually. 'I'here arc no vefliges whatever of this city's former magnificence. It is feaicd on the banks of Ciogra, but Mr. Hodges thinks it probable, that formerly it was at a ronhdcrable diftance from it, ix being in a line with Fyzabad. Mr. Hodges concludes thefc remarks with obl'erviiig, that the villages he had palled during this perambulation, were, fomc of them comfortable to all sippcarance, and others 3p- parenily diftrelfed. 5/teOa=te'*w®«9 CHAP. IV. JKr. Honoft arcompanies M,iJor Brown en an Expedition — Defcription of Elay.i — They proceed to Jefwontiiognr-^ Hi// at O'Kraine — Arrive at Sbekoahad — Drmntion of its hamc — Dcfiriptton of tbe I'Uue — The Ruins of a Ihnliiit, Seat, &r. — 'They proceed to hyrozitkid — //.; Gozernment ami Army — ilxy arrive at Elainadpoor — Account ff a fitill Huil.iing, i^e. — 'They encamp at iSLih Darab — Ruins — /'alaccs of tbe great Onirabs — Dcrivalioi: i>r.F5 takes l^ave cf the Major — Amies at Doblporr — /// Sioabad — .'// Gzia/ior — Defcription of the I'crtrefs —Proceeds to Ciobd — Relitrni Ij l.ucknoiv—^llis Departure — A'ciJ^'f doivu tbe River Goomty — Fort offtonpoor—' A Maufoleum — Proceeds to Bauglepaor — Arrives at Calcutta — Coiiclufon. MAJOR Brown being appointed on an embaffy 10 Mirza Shuffey Khawn, and prei)ariiig to pricccd iminediaiely on his million through a p.iri (if ilie ciiuniry which Mr. Hod;;cs was very dtlirous (,, vllit, oui traveller wrote to the Major, finnilyiiit; liswilhcs to accompany him. The propolal being jtccptfd, Mr. Hodges fet out on hisjournev to join Mjjor Brown at Etaya on the lOth of February ijCj. I'rom ihefmall number of pallanktcn bearers, and the quantity of baggage, Mr. Hodgc.s's ll.iges Kcre now (hort : however, he arrived at M.ijor Brown'j encampment, which was clofc to the town cf I'.iava, on the t3ih. The road runs wrflward frum Lycknow to l\\n place, and is at many places fiidable at this time of the year: there is alfo to ttf wf llward of the Gan;;e5, a fordable rtreain called fallinudiiie ; this, however, is a conliiopriaied lo hik lluUlcs. Mr. Hodges fpeiit moll ol liu ittiic at A;jra. This city is fiiilatcd on the foiiih lidc of il,c ,1^. jumna, wliicli is impadable at tin.: place, and rifimr immediately from the water extends in a vad femi circle. It is held lobe a place, of jjrcat antiquju." The fort, including the pieic-iit palace, is very c' tcnfive, it is condru<:led oI'h red free done, and fitu, to have been very drong when (irft ercited. It |,J originally a double wet ditch, which was both vtru deep and broad, and well iui'plied lioiii the rivci The city was encircled by a wall and towers, vorv near each other. I he f.iri was an ill ind lornicd hi three ditches, one f.ice thereof incliinng 10 ihc (.3(1' ward was walhec! by the river to the (001 of the v.\',u. the outer ditch is now entirely deinolillicd, andii..' high road goes through it. Ihc inner ditch is virv bad in fever, il places and tpiite dry In othcrj. Jehanadab was i<,.ilt by .Sliah jeh.in, the grand;' ^ of .\char, who, not .i.'ing able to bear Agra on ac. count of the iinmeiil'e lu-.tt of finnmer, dcierminfj |,, raife a metropolis which (hould bear his own n»mt In order to people this new city, it is faic t!,,,( |,j iranlported thither upwaids of 500,000 of tlio ijcpif of Agra, being one half of the inhabitants, j^j confequent ruins in .Agra rendered it cxpedirpi ^.f the feciiiity of the people to Innli] anoilicr Wd|! forming a part of a circle within the old one, j,(i this wall was accordingly ercQed by a Hindoo Rau in the lervicc ol il-.e emperor Ainiingzcbc, iiiircrl jay Singh. 'Ihe empire of Jehanabad, i% well as ,•< name, is now nearly extinguilhcd. A mcer mal, ,,f ruins appears likewde between the two walls; 1;,. inner wall is alio decaying fad. .\'car the D i gate of the fort, where there are the remain* u! t mofipie, is the Choke, or Kxchange, which i% lue. wile in decay, and even tr.e fort lilclf is wall it awav rapidly. The imperial rrfidence built olwlnc marble, covered on the top with plates of ciir;.cr gilt, is fitualed ill liie eallern front ol the Ion ;i,-,e ludre of its ornaments dill remains. A nmlqiic, ^on. filling of various beautiful ornaments, ij jlmoli ad. joining. The ruins of this grand .iiid vciiciahiccuv are computed to extend no Iris tlian foiiriccii Kn^lilh miles along the banks of the liver. Ihrrc is confi. derable danger in walking among ihcfe rums, mi unwary pallcii'.'.er may fink through leveral hdlruir.j the covciei:ii. pcndoits edilicc is (itnaud in a [;ardcn, rcxuLu v planted with both foied .uid Iriiit tree.*, and lirvrtl ilowciing dirubs; it is alio walled round, and i> iiii to contain a Ipacc (d above twenty Knglilli aero. Iii the centre of this g.irden is raili-d iIk' moiiUiiKii:, which is a hpiarc hiiddiiig with gates in iluiciur.; on each lide, and gicat p.ivilions at the an^li s aid over the gates. There arc live leveral lloiic. wiiiih diminilll gradually with pavilions al each aiig'o. l!:' domes of tliele p.ivilions are ol white iiiaiiili'; ix red of the building of red done and wliiic inaiblf intermixed. The lifili or upper dory i« eiiiinly ul white marble: here is a range of windows umw'^ round each lide which arc fret work, cut out of ife liilid dab. 'I his dory i« liiiillied with p nil inns roii- (ifling III like mainier of marble, but tliey hav(! been greail\ dainag'-d by lightning and an eaitlnjujlic, « the people of that place rcpoii. One of ilic pw- jioci ^i;);;' AVELS. HODGES'S TRAVELS IN I N D I A. 711 lie foiith liilc of the river Ic at lliLi placr, and riCmu :( extendi ill a vaft feini. 1 |)liicc. of great aniiquiiv. cli-MU pabiT, is very c: . 'a red I'ric llono, »nd l-i.^^ I lu'ii firfl crcitfd. It luj iu li, wlii( li was boili vciy luppiuil lioiu lilt river. y a wall and tDwers, very I was an illiiid fornicdhv -icol" inclining !o the call'.. ,cr to llic toot (if the w^lK. tirily (Icinolilhcd, and lii- '1 he inner ditch is very |iiiic dry in otlicrs. SI'.ali Jchan, the j^randi'.n > able to be.ir Agra on jf. of Ininnu'r, dcieriiiiiitij i,, (hduld hear his own name. iiw rit\-, it is fjic th.ii hj U of 500,000 of the [K'lipic of the inhabitants. |^^ 1 rendered it cxpedirpt fur lie to build another wa;!, e within i!x old one, »id ererted by a Hindoo Raji, poror Auruiigzche, nin.cd 1)1 Jehan-ibad, a« well a k\ i^MiiOicd. A inccr maij hf eiween the two wall*: il^ in;; r.ill. Near the 1), , here arc the remain* <:. i • K.xcbangc, which [■. l-ks. the fori tllelf is walhi^ rial rrfidenre built nl wluc lop with pl.iies ol cit'.cf illern front ot ihc inn, i.e I rcniain.1. A ntnlquc, lon. I ornainenls, is alinult .id. ii:> urand and venctiih',cc.;v 10 Iris ll'.an fourteen I.n^lilii the liver. 1 here is cunfi. aniony> ilufc riiin«, a* an ihroiigh Icveral hula v.wj c many poifoiKiih ri]i;,.ci ery narrow, and iiu grui I loiiilnifclion. ko, which was luidtbyila There is a IsuninHiin ut nt to fee, which vui very he finrll coloured muiilc, la/iili iniioiliiccd auxiiiifit re alter ihe Momilh talli', anrillowers} andesii-C.!'':;- Moncliides, iminlhc H'dl • bellowed upon 11, tlut 11 .ilace of one o| ihc ^itn or Acbar, flji'.d* ul a plait ■real bifth road leadiiu m l.incc liom Aniaj iin> I'.u- d in a garden, nnuln'v .iiul huit liecj, and Icvui walled round, and i* '■"J iweiiiy l-'.iij;hlh acres. In IS railed il'.o nuinir.in-n:, ; with j'lles III iheiciiin: .ivilious at the an^h- J!«l ■e live tveral Ihiiu . «imh villous at eachaiiis'c. li" are of while inainU-i iio ed Hone and whiU' nmblt upper lloiv i* eiiiiiily i-l rani;c of windows riiniiii'< liel work, mi out of il-« inilhcd with piMlii)ii»<'<'"' latblc, but ihey have been uig and an caith, and likewifc tine near the top. Formerly tliefe niiifreis were crowned with open pavilions and linilli- (d »i:h diinics, but thefe have been Ion'.; (luce de- llrovcd. There are llair-cafes in the minereis whith lead to the two balconies, which furround ilicni; wc pif> through this gate into a vafl open hall which r.LS 111 admic almoll to the top of the edifice. This hailw.!* richly ornamenicd with painting and gilding, bv the emperor |ehaiiguirc. Ion of .Xtbar ; however, ill the couric of time it went to decay, and cither fruinavaiiceor fuperlliiion, the emperor Aiirung/.cbe commanded it to be entirely defaced and the walls *liiieocd. I he delccnt into the garden is throii.;h ail jr.h liiuihir to that in the front; from this ball and (111 deleendiiig, the whole of the tomb i.s per,- tipnhle tlu iiii;h an avenue of lofty trees, which is p.md Willi Hone, and a largj fquare bafoii formerly filled with water, but at thus time quite dry, is in the ctnirf, and in the centre of this baloii a fountain, the pi'je of vthicli only remains. There were Icveral channels to he (cen, evidently deligned f,. H **' % 1 f '■.',1 !||!'i * ' k . '■■■ ' (' '■■'■ i !:! I ,■■■" l< r'H 1 '|I^ . i •'. • -712 NEW COLLECTION or VOYAGES and TRAVELS. m ! 1 i i| pff'f |A /.| ijUj ill® ; fit- If w ill in mm i' m Wn 1 ^ w '|b~ Hjj; Ih M if i If IB il 1 ml the red goini; to ruin. Tiic mofqiic here is nttcndcd by feveral Mollahs at the time of pf,i\cr, who Icem very decct!t or orderly, and are at all times ready to fatisfy the ciiriofiiy of ilrangers. The indde of the great building cor.fifts of white marble aud I'cvcral curious carved flowers. The tomb is below in a chamber, and Taje Mabel's body is dcpofucd in a f.ir- cophagus of white marble under the centre of the edifice. A fimilar containing the body of Shah Jc- han, her hulband, is adjoining. They arc cxattly the fame as thofc (arcophagi in Acbar's tomb; but the fpace of ground occupied by the garden and build- ings is only about one half of what is devoted to that emperor. The nabob's camp moved clofc to Secundrii on March .he 3d, where they remained till the i5ih, tben they removed to Guugaui, about 14 miles from Agra. The water in Gougaut is very bad, being flrongly impregnated with nitre. They encamped near the fmall village of Krowley on the 22d, which is ten miles to the wcftward of Gougaut. Krowley is one very exicnfive plain, wh|ch i« but iniferably furniftied with trees and bounded by fome low hills, extending to the eaftward; there is very little cultivation to be met with, the foil is poor; there are fome quarries of red free (lone in the hilli. 1 he water here is as bad as that at Gougaut for the fame rcafon. They encamped on the town of Fuilypoor Sicri, on the 23d, which, for extent, bad water, barrcn- iiefs, &c. is much the fame as the country already part. Mr. Hodges was very much entertained during ihefe excurfiona with the variety of tharafter$ lie met, particularly the people of the bazar (i. e. the market) with their wives and children, who, by riding their horfes in full gallop, and firing behind as if pur- fuing and purfued by an enemy, with feveral other antic pofitions after the oriental fafliions, difplayed much dexterity and adroitnefs. The majeftic move- ments of the elephants confidcrably heightened thi« curious fcenc. Futtypoor Sicri is a very extcnfive town, and the adjoining country in tolerable cultivation; on the top of one of the highed hills which this town lies under, there is a large mofque, ercfled by Acbar, in the Moorilh llylc of building. A flight of broad Heps, extending to the principal entrance, which it through a very magnificent portal afcends to this mofque from the foot of the hill. The mofque is (ituated in a large fquare, paved thioughout with apartments round the fides for the different priefls. The remains of a palate, occupying confidcrable ground, arc 10 be fecn at the foot of the hill, where the mofque is. Nothing of this but the principal gate remains, which gives but a faint idea of it. There was a lake at the back of the hills, formed by great mounds of earth artificially r.ifed 'o keep in the water ; and it is laid, when the palace was inhabited, that a number of fine boats of every kind were, for the entertainment of the imperial family, kept on this lake, of which the banks and boundaries are now the only ve(li;;cs. There is no g(M)d water in this part of the couniry except at the mofque. They encamped at Siedpoor on the a6tb, which is upwards of fourteen miles from Futtypoor Sicri. This country was very fupcrior to any hitherto paf- fcd, the cultivation being very fine. During their ftay here there were feveral dorms of wind, which the country people term aundces and lyphawns; they rc- femble hurrieanes and are very alarming. The hot winds were alfo very inconvenient to our travellers. On the aSih of April, at night, Mr. Hodges find- ing the riccefTiiy of diretling his coiirfe towards Gwa- lior, took his leave of Major Brown. His baggage he icnt oir, under ihe cfcort of a party of feapoys, who were attacked during their inarch by a banditti, fwho are very numerous here) but the robbers were repelled by llie bravery of ihc havildar. On the 29lh they arrived at Dohlpoor, and the next day crofled the river Chumbull ; the road ^ very bad, full of ravines and deep hollowwavs. Ha ' ing reached (he plain, Mr. Hodges encamped undrr the walls of a large mud fort, which had been laicU- taken from the Banna of Ghod, by Madaj.-e Scindij the Mahraita chief. Mr. Hodges and his pennr! were very kindly treated by the governor here, who^ though he would not permit Mr. Hod^, , .0 enter tli' fori, yet fuffercd hrs people to purchafe grain and vegetables within it. On the fird of May Mr. Hodgen arrived at Nura bad, which is a fmall town with an old done lort in jt and a done bridge over a fmall nullah (a branch oi the Chumbull) confiding of leven tall, narrowpoim^i arches. Two open pavilions, railed upon ihebnd"- crowned on each fide with domes, arc at the exircn ?' of the three mitre arches and (mail cones, all bmi. of the fan.^ done as the bridge, and fijiilhcd wih little domes, are at the extremes of the other tv.a arches. Mr. Hodges arrived at Gwalior on the sd No kind of cultivation, nor even a hut was lo be feen in all the excur'ion from Dohlpoor. The fort of Gwalior is fituaied on the top of j great mountain, rifing from a pcrfctl flat counitv To the wed are fome confiderable hills. The rndi on which it dands is either from nature or art, per. pendicular on every fide. At the north well end ij the citadel, and a palace with a chain of leven tua leading to the town at the foot of the moinuai,,, \ wall furrounds the town, which is large, coniaimr. a mofque, and the remains of fome good tioulci. ^ For the further fatisfaflion of the curii.us, wc (hill infert a letter of Captain Jonathan Scott's, lo hi, brother, fully dcfcripiive of the capture of Gwalior and the meafdrcs which were taken of penctraimf into Scindia's country. Captain Jonathan Scoitwjj at that time Perfian interpreter to Major Topham. ♦• The fortrcfs of Gwalior ftands on a vail rock of " about four miles in Iciigth ; but narrow, and of *' unequal breadth, and nearly flat on the top. Tht •* fide* are fo deep, as to appear almod pcrpendiculir " in every part; for where it was not naturally fo, jt " has been fcraped away; and the height, from the " plain below, is from two hundred to three liuiidtcd " feet. The rampart conforms to the edtje of the " precipice all round, and the only entrance is h\ " deps rimning up the fide of the rock, defended on " the fide next the country by a wall and ballioni, " and further guarded by feven done jjjiewavsl " at certain didances from each other. The aicj " within is full of noble buildings, refcrvoirs of wittr, " wells, and cultivated land; fo that it \s rcdilyi " little didritl in itfelf. At the nortb-wed footofiht " mountain is the town, pretty large, well-bmli, the " houfes all of done. To have befieged this place " would have been vain ; for nothing but a fiirprife " or blockade could have carried it. " A tribe of banditti, from the didriO of the l^na, " bad been accudomed to rob about this town, aid " once in the dead of night had climbed up the uk\, " and got into the fort. This intelligence tbcv h] " communicated to the Rana, who olieii ihi)ui;lii of " availing himfolf of it, but was fca.ful of uniia. " taking an enterpri/c of luch moment with bis (i\i:i " troops. At length he informed Major Popluni ut " it, who fent a party of the robbers to coiiduri fiim; " of his own f'pics to the fpot : ihcy accordnnly " climbed in the night, and found that the i;iiards it- " nerally went to deep after their rounds, Mj r " Popham now ordered ladders to be made, but •*:■}.) " fo much feciefy. that, until the night of il;e lur- " prife, only myfcif and a few others knew efi'.. " On the 3d of Augud, in the evening, a pirir " was ordered to be in readinefs to marcb, uiidcr "the command of Captain William Bruce ; ?:^ " Major Poi)4iam put himfelf at the head of m " battalions, which were immediately 10 folio, iht " donning party. To prevent, as much as pciiibit, " any iioile in approaching or afcending the rock, 1 '' kind of flioca, of woollen cloth, were made fot .f ' ■^(P». 3humbulli the road was Ideep liollowways. Hav. Hodnei» encamped under ri, which had hi-tn lately jod, byMadaj<-f Scindia Hodges and his people tlie governor litre, who, Mr. Hod(, , ;o ciutr ihc e lo purchafe grain and Hodge« arrived at Nura. vithan old (lone fort in ii mall nullah (a hr.inch ni Icven tall, narrow-poiim,] Its, railed upon the bnd"- omes, arc at the cxirciMl and fmail cones, all buili iridge, and fuiilhcd with Ktremcs of the other two ed at Gwalior on the 2d. or even a Imt was to be >ni Uohlpoor. fituaied on the top of , [n a pcrfcd (lat cuuntry. iderable hilN, The rncli from nature or art, per. Ac the north-well md || iih a chain of (even (;^ici foot of the mountain. ,V which is large, contamir" : of fdine good houlci. >n of the curi(,tij, wcfliilj 1 Jonathan Scott's, to hu )f ihc capture of Gwalior, ^crc taken of penctraimi; Captain Jonathan Scoitwu reter 10 Major I'opham. or Hands on 4 valt rock of gth ; but narrow, and of arly flat on the top. The ppcar almoll perpendiculir It was not naturally fo, it and the height, from the hundred to three hundred forms to the ed(;c (d the the only entrance it by of the rock, defended on ry by a wall and balliom, feven (lone naiewivs, n each other. The atci Idings, rcfervoirs of w.nor, nd; (o that it U really a t the north-well foot of ike reity large, well-bmli, the iiave befieged this plact or nothing Gut a rurprile carried it. )in the dillrifl of the Ram, rob about this town, and t had (liinbcd uptbe imli, This intelligence tlicv l;jl na, who often tbuui;lii ul Hit was fca.ful of iiiidfr- iich moment with bis om formod Mitjor Pupliamof ic robbers to t ondurl fnni: le fpot: they accordunlv 1 found that the i^uardi rc- ter their rounds. Mij'' ddcrsto be made, bui >;;h intil the night ol' the luc. few others knew of it. I, in the evening, a p.irir eadinefs to march, unfiff tin William Bruce : ?: i nfelf at the head of w immediately to follov the :vent, as much as pciiiblf, g or afcending the rock, 1 len cloth, were raid* f"' "iHe • V . y/f Hum Priest y//f Gai'reh ,'r Persians //y/'?/////^ //<-/ifH " Ritual Service /y^v ///• I'iRE. (.^--^ '^ WVJM^ r/ 1 Mu/t/ (»AURIA1H1*RIESTS. //■//////'// .^IITRES/7/, III n. J,.', m\ ■'''■>'^:' ,- ■N 1 1 ¥U m I ' ^:l ■t I' :| -1 ,■; ': ^1 1i 5 -, L . ■■; 'i ■1 : ■}■ 1 ^, 1 ,-.;■ 1 Jjj ■:^ ' , r f 1 ■*ifi "in ,'if i ffgfffM -^,V^^^^.LJ.^,,-^^Li.L>. mr^ Mi >•!?; 1. 1 111 H % l .hi J It.-. .J ^f '*i I I S. ' •"r f: ■M [■\>^ 1 1 ' ' » : i 1 ' ■ . 1 I 1 1 1 :l 1 ;i| [. }M *l 1 i L ) I '*^,.itkniiiy|^'s^l H () 1) G i: S'S T R A V E I. s I N I X 1) I A. I ' '• ilii- '^i''>P"vs, ai,(l llulFi-il \Aitli cotlon. At eleven •' ()Vli)(k ilic whole (leiJi hiiirnt ii)<)>c;iii('y iii^ liiat ■' a!l << ^vell id an Indian camp or ;;iirrilbn} which ■1 inin'.t have d.unped the fpirits of ni.iiiy men, but «' Icr^i'l ""'y to iiil|)ire him with more ronfidcnre, <• ail ilic mo'nent for aclion, ih.ii i<, liu- interval lie- " iwtcn the palling ol liie rounds was now alcerlain- "I'll: aic )rdingl) , when the ll!;lll^ wen- gom-, the "(vdudi!) ladders were placed ;iL;.iiiill the rock, and " (iiic of till" rohher.H firll mounted, and ritnrned " \»iiH an account that the gunrd v as retired to llrep. •' lu'it. C.inieron, our engineer, nc\t mounted, and " i:id a rope ladder to the hallli'mcnt of the wall j " {\\\\ knid of ladder bring the on'y one adapted lo " tlij piirpofc of lealing tiie wall in a body (the " wooden one* only lerving lo alvendlhi' crag of the " iiitk, and to adill in li\iMg the rope ladder) When ",,11 wj< leadv, Capt. Bruce, with twenty Scapoy » ;reniidier.'», allemMcd wiilioui being dilcovered, " ,iiul li)n.iin.d down under the parapet; !)ut, before " I rendorrcnient ai rived, three of the partv had lo " luile rccollettion aj to fire on fomc of the gariiloii, " whi) h.ippetied to be King alleep near tliem ; this "liadne.itly luined the whole pl.m : the garnlon "were id courfc alarmed, and ran in great numbers "inwards the place; biu, ignorant of the ilrength "of the alfadants (as the men (irod on had been «• killed outriglit) they lutfjred themlelves to be " il.ippcd by ll>c warm htt kept up by the fmall paiiy " of grenadier*, until Major I'opham himltll, wuli "i ciiiilidrrabic reinforcement, came to their aid. " Tlie garriloh ihrn retreated to the inner buildings, " j;i.l iliMiarged a It w rockets, l)iil f lerviee, with wliieli he willie.I iniuh to retreat, but not beiiii; liillered to depjit, hid to me'.n . of conveying ii, and therefore rc'quelK'd .\lr. Hodge.-, to take charge ol a calk.t for him to I. in know, and deliver it to his liiend ; with which iei|iK It N'.r. Hodges readily coni- |!ied, though, had he foiideii the dilinal, dreary, diilky, and birren country lie had lo pals throitgh, he owns he would h.ivc been extremely averfe to tl'ic undertaking. He inel with no vill.iges, or fcarcely any huinan being, till he re.iehed C'luirnbiill, the banks of whiih river are veiy high, dercciuliii;; thioii;h de(p ravine.^, where llicrc .ire fomc lu:-. ; and lure every peiioti Ix' nut had a fiv;ige-lil.e a[)- pearance. Mr. Hodges was two days and a ni^lit on ills journey from livalior 10 iMay.i : having liiUVieJ , much on aieoiint of tlie extreme he.'t, he lelt i,oi;li- deiahle faii^fjQion on reacl'.ing Kta\a. Mr. Hodges arrived at I.ucknow on the 16th, but owing to the great heal and fatigue of the joiiriKV, he was ^ikcn exceedingly ill ol a violetit d;, lentcry, his recoveiy from which was very tediou.s. He Hayed with (nlonel roller ten days, a:ul experietucd niiich attention and hol|)iiality Irom that gentleman, he w.is, however, obliged lo arce|)l of an invitation lioiii Colonel Meiliii, who had a large liriek ImiiIc, where he gradually recovered; i!ie hoiile of his for- mer friend Colonel I'olier being exceedingly hoi, .ts it was only a large i)ungelow. '1 hele bungelows arc buildings in India, generally railed on a bale of brick, one, two, or three feet from the ground, and conlill only id" one llory ; the following is ilie i.oin- mon plan. A large room in the ceiitie for an ealing and lilting-rooin and rooms at e.icli corner f'^.r lle.'p- ing ; tnie general thatch whieli conies low to e.ieh lide, covers the whole; the Iparc between the .iii^lr rooms are vilanders or open porticoes, to fit in dur- ing the evenings; ihc ceniie hall ii> lighted from the fides with windows and a large door in the centre; loinetimes the centre vifaiideis ai each end are con- vened into room-.. .As f ion as Mr. Hodges liad recovered lii.s health and Ihenglh, he was deierniined to return tow.uds Calcutta, but inllead of travelling the fame route by which he came, relolvid to p.ils down the livcr Cioomty by water; accordingly he left I.uckiunv on tl'.e iGili of |uly, but did not enter the C.ange.<, into which the river (ioomty falls, till Augult the ill, owing lo the feveral windings of the river. The bulks of the river (^.oomiy arc in feveral plaies e.\tiomely beautiful, and naitieularly lout this time ol the ye.ir, when they dilplay line verdure, and are foinied of biiooib Hoping vegetable earth. Seve- ral villages .ire on its banks between l^ucknow and the town of |ionpooi, but which are not lo well cuUi- vated, as might be expcHed from the apparent num- ber of inhabitants. A fafeguard is abfoliucly ncccf- I'ary in a vosagc down this livcr, on account of the various depiedaiions continually made here. Mr. Hodges law a body of about fifty iiorfe near a village of Sulteiipoor, which belonged to a famou.s marau- der, liah Sing, whole robberies had rendered him an iiniverfat niiHance. Thi.s party ■ (Ircimn and tuitural fiiii.uiuii. Suliaii I'iroz Slinli ircMcd ii in i loj, and onic it w:ii ilic fi-at of an em- pire. I Ik- KiiMt niiisjiid or niaulolcinn miw reniain- ii!i», was Innli by Cli.ij.i |el),in, vi/i'.r to Sidiait Ma- liumniiid Sli.ii), during liic minoriiy of his Ion, wlicn he all'inicd the title of Sultan Siiickc (king of the call) took poiredion of llahar, and (ixcd his refidcncc at lionpoor. 'I'hii maufi'ieiim he intended for liis own and family's interment. In its prcfcnt riiinDiu Hate it is a great pyramid in the front, which is cover- ed with ornaments ; the pyramid, the apex heini" cut oH, is hhint at the top; a dome lifes over the centre of the buiidiiigf wherein are the remains of the tombs) foniiderably below the front of the htiildinn, which is feen from wilhoiit. It alio :;j juars from the founda- tions now only rcmaiiiiii!;, iliat there has been a fijuare of buildings in llu- lioiil. The Hone biiilgc crolhii',; the river at this place, confillin)» of ll\leen pointed arches, is in tolerable good repair, 'i here arc feveral little fliops creded of (lone on both fidn, on the top of the bridge. 'Ihisbiidge, as appears from .1 Tiifian infcriplioii thereon, was founded in X'ilij, hv Khan Khannah, vizier to the l'.mperi)r Achar, and Suluh of the pro- vince ofOud. The lcn:;;h of time, and particular- ly the force of tlie llream 'which, in the time of the rains is very :;veat) tliat this budge has wiihllood, fiiihcicniK (I'lce the found materials of its con- llrndion. 1 1 has been known that the innndaiions liave fiequcntly rifen above the bridge, pariirulailv in 1774, when a whole l)rigadc (which toi Ti'ts ol t0,0C3 men) of tie I'.rililh forces paifcd in br.:;s o\< r it. 'll'.is river falls into the (laiigcs loire In. ill dif- tance beloW the city of lienares, when Mr. iKidjjcs pyoccede 1 flraight to Huxar. Mr. Hod.;cs was now refi'Ivrd to in ikc a j'urncy to isadcram, forty miles inland, the birili plac ol the t.mperor Shere Shah, to vifit the mauruKum ol that emperor. The rains being now in icifoii, 11 wis with tlie gtcaicd dilhculty he palled m liispaljukcrn : the whole ground was one tontinu' J iwairp, a. I lie beaieis waded in fescral places abo\c then iiiJdle in water. This tnonumnii is exceedingly gratd; it lifes fiom the centre of a large hjuarc lake, e.ich hde bouiidtd by malonry and dcfcending to the Waur I'y Hone fleps on every fide, now alnK^d gone to iiiin. Mr. Hodges imagines that it exceeds a mile. The plan is as follows: there is a fquare bafe rihng from the cen- tre of the lake, which, at each angle, has p.ivil.ons crowned wiih domes, and finifhcd with a cullus. Thire was abridge fioin this bale, whch appears (rom the now remaining iniiis, to f.ave conlilli-d ol lis. pointed an lies, \. Im h roinmiiiiicatcd to tlie (ide of the lake, .uid a dnible lli'.;lil of (b ps to the water aie on two h.ii.i. An od.igon building is i.iifcd ci;i ihe bafe, wliith has three pointed an lies in each f.icc, and there are pavilions liiiilhed like ihc former on e.ich allele. '1 here runs loinewli.it behind ihis an otlagon with one window in lacli lide, and p.ivili(.. I (1 n.iime, it is not to be wo; drud ilut ih^it pr.r;, , lien ill |. lo (low and coidiiiid. Mr ii'dg s ih.inks the ili;:d<)os fupciiiT 1,,.. Ma^'oiiK ijiis 111 lie 01 i.aiiicii'al part' 1 I an hi, ci^'t 7ii leviial ol ll'.ei lnni.tiiigs lie Uulpiiiir i« (), j,,;,. Iiiliy exrii i.il, ai.d biingiut with a |eiiilidr Ih^ip. tu-l a' d hiitiv diawii, i.s drfeiviiig of ^i^^^ j,,,,,. iiui il iinrii. However, their piiniicgs, hl;i,ii |,i,{ tl cir liulpiiiri, .ire, for lie moll part, n |)ri In u,i,,i, of thole ol'j-.cis ilicy make tlieir rtli^uius uu Hin .lie mil nor lo tlie Moorilli piciuui, which ate iil p.itlraiis, .Mr. Hodges an Ived at f'alciiita on Seplcir.bcr i!'* 2.|:h, ilic time of travel was rune months ai:J four. lien da\ s. I'bis journey was through a C(iiii,;rv winch had been tmce fnbjecl to the .Moguls: "hiv" .Mr. Hodges lays, '• the greatcll .irid riihcll cr, ;!.•,■ " pel haps, ijf which the human annals can [ -rn. r " an iiillaiice, and which was ailoiiKil by many .\,i , " gnat (I'.aradcrs in politics and arms." Diir traveller had cntciiaincd the interiiiun of 1; , ilertikiiig another jouriic) fiom tie (,anges, ilir.,..^, the l>ccan to the welkrn coad of India. Ilibj^ ;>' } le" ictcnded to have coinmi need at ikliuis „; li'i'.ied at .Sural. .Mr. Hodges Itroiigly rofv the rxi,,. I !«•; tlli: IIMJ.i.ily „| ,1^ J irn 1(1 Huxar, procroicj ■.T» vciy iiiiicli niicvcdi, il (111 Ills (Irrtllilicd. iin a piopcr alli iii',,11 |„ ^ illl.iil.r'l to |)lil)lic Llll:. mil iii(\li'aiit .ippliiMii,,, Illy r.lm.iry rvpcditiii ,( liUW died III ilic courlc ul :ircl at ilic rtiiiuili of ih,. iihiirkcd for ihc C.'.'p' (,f WI.K' l)riiu;;lit haik ir. i'.,; ;:lid>;d lliC lli;p, .iikI v.,; luTC a ImikIIuii,!' imi,,,;. ti;i'ry ; llic lull tiibiutl,:( p.iy. L-d'. lo give lii* impjii!.: ; tl.tir arc nd iiill.n'icrsof ilpiiiii" aiiiDiia; iIk- Mcori t A>;i.i, v>l4ircijiiilii-a J,,.' .ilU- ,iiid Mi^ciiuitv. Ihll to he riitind III Ir(!ij lulliiliiiii.jiicti;r( t, ho piiMcipUs ui' ardiiicv. (iiii'idblc idll*- fur "tji J I piii IMH, l.iiwivcr, mil. I, lor tlilica(y of n,,.,!,, I c\ .irc c^Cl'.u ut. ]|f,f loliiiiis, iiiid «< il'c I .|,_ ill n (tinlil.inri- of a;>inai. . .!rud iliui il.w.r pro-:, I II d. lli:;(!iui» fiipciinr n n-j iiial pait> • I aiilii. fijf, ;n ll c Uiilpiini' It b. Hill. lit \Mlli d I -.lul*.' Ih^ip. lltftlVIIlg a.. tlii(iiii;ii a C(ii.i,;rY I to ilu- MouuIj: "1;h,'' Jlfll anil ruiKll ti^iji.rf, nan annals can picci-.r J ailiMiit d by many !i.j ., and arms." r.cd ll-.c iiitfiuioii of i;:. Ill ill' (.aiijijt^, ll;r...,; oa!l ol India, llibj. .. riimncfd al iUliiiis „: i j;t» ilrongly roc(iiiiniii:u, ion of any aritll vtiui iiu. India; iliis b(.'iM; a pii; IJ, of courlc, idfoi J niu;.i f India, as fevtral oi i; ■ lUntiy art- in poliilL. ii • ;' hi" tallied period ol ih: |udgfs, fioin wli,.t liclai ur, ihal fiicll an ur;d.:- ly lollicir itock of kr ;*. ni eoniinciit, and i: i^:.t rricd into cxccuiiuri. » ,* •/.JjT '* 1 • * ' .* V^'4' I «. <\' fV;'^^-- hrff iiftrrfJJi'ig Traviu Ii i/Z' ihc four ■^tcal J -iDTiti H' (ouiilry (J I'm li.ilcr.. ,.; V tvf prcjenl ctir !ium<'iM 11 ions Ji/,r.i,y/i:<, //v_v .•■'.' f 'c.i/id iiilb our (o'.kHin. A COMPLETE, . ,.,» ■ r- ^'r fc -Hi- . • « - * ... L ^J)./yy//vy/.v rORTLOCKs. I.^^COT.LECTIOl^^/ VOYAGES S TRAVELS. , / .Ifl/.l/I.IU .1/1,1 1 (I i: i( I \ h: 1 \l m- |>S^ \ wfFm F . 1 5 // lom. AS lit: rt / JM'ANKSt: . In h 5 ,s Travels. A COMPLETE, NEW, AND AUTHENTIC HISTORY OF TR/ YELS in AFRICA; Undertaken and perforr d in the Years 1777, 1778, and 1779, By Lieut. WILLIAM PATTERSON, Bcin. INTRODUCTION. T!IF. ri'^ionsof Xfrica, which lie fouih ofdiecqui- iiottii! liiip, are, for the greater part, unknown. i..; Koi"ici> havmii betii content wiih ihr I'poils of ..life pro^ ini i-'i whioh bonii-n-.l on the Miilitcrr.i- 1- ,11 au! Ri'i Stas, lookeil mion the odicr parts as [,, jriii ami nnworthv ol iheir coifuleration ; aicoid- (i Illy Icl'i ihi'in, at ilicv were, ohlen'e. the Ipirit ol nil] iiry leeined to have entirely I'lihliiled ; for t.iii la ihf ibih tcnuiry John I.eo ««■. ignorant of at luil nne hjT of thi.'. part ol the wo'ld. Tlic Ijiulible ciiriolity of penetratin;; into the fe- \rtai w 'nlk•r^, and hitherto unknown produflions of natiKi', Muliiied oi!r hero (I.ieut. \V. ralieifon) to lc:vc awhile his iiaiive country, and e\ploie the drcjty ticlerls of Africa, whicit had not as \ et llitnu- jjied Jinbiiion ijor induced the ii lends ol eotninerce to examine ih^'fc wild anil Icorching regions wliicii ncrconly inhabited by venomous reptiles and raven- ous bfalb. The linic of the lieiilcnani's arrival at the Cape of G.wd Iliipp, WIS about the .niiddlc of Ntay 1777: ihiy anchored in the Bay Falfc ; for, as the lealon W.1S vcrv late, and the llatc of the weather, at this time, (hemp that of the fetlinm in of the (pioati inon- lioii or winter) very variable, their p.ill.i,;e into iablc-Bay cmild not i,;- elleiied willi fecuriiy. In a lliiiit lime after their arrival there \*ai a very heavy 'jll of rain, and tite hills near the Cape, were, towards ihcciidof the inoMtii, lor I'everal days, covered witii fiiow. Sucli unfavourable weather, of courfc , pre- vented our hero from niakiii;} tiiaiiv obferva.ions, which otberwile lie would have d')ne; lliis time tic iheielore ilevoteil 10 a lew fliort excuilioiis from the C.ipe Town, and liie neceir.iry prcpaiation fora more extcniive journey v 'len the weatlier permitted. C;es, indeed, that he was particularly for- tunate III inectinv; with him. '1 he lieutenant piiipoled to romincncc: his fuR jourr.cy about the begmnin;; of October, at which lime the aimolphcre is i^enerally in a killed llaie and euliivalion in maturity : he tontiniiany ripened hmi- ielf lorhis ardiiou- uiulertaking, by leveral llioii ex- c'.irlions, which allorded him much amulement, and prepared him lor thole j^reaier wonders and more in- tertdiiigobfcrvations wbicli were Ihortly to take place. '■' ">^'' "'' CHAPTER I. ''tfirjl lotirnfy—Departurf frim tbe Cipe — Tat/r M-iin/diiis, mid Ccii/}a:itia Drjtritrd — the Sboic of Ihiy Falfe nphrd—Defcriplionlbfncf—dfHotlrnlol Ihl/atd — Of ILiiy, U/'—l'>0>ffd/iom falmiht Rivinio kho/iui RivuT —trim tbfHiC to tbe How Hook — Dchriplimi of ! .'i' tlolltiilch — 7/it/V Div/fis, Uinaiiit'iils, HithlMiu'is, is'c. ifc. —A'-rn-jt at ZivflUndam—Dipnrtnrt — Reed ynlUy — I'rouyd to CirandjUlber's Hood — De/cnpH'oii ibereof — Cbmna Liiid — Saffron Riirr—EUpbants River — Tbi' lt',i^^oit overturned — Arrkut itt OjiriiL l.ri^~~Proecfd ihnu^h /Seer r.tlley— Meets nil Oid (' Kloef — Reaeb Sure I'Lt'i.i — Pioeeed luxarui ihttniijue J^ii:d—tibtte Elj'c Kiver — :h .UvdUurt among the IFoods — Arrival at Qipc^lo'Wtt, . •, ^ ., HAVING fent their wagpon before them, our Table MouiUain, notwithflandini^ its fituation, ij ti.ivcllers (I'aiterfoii and (Jordon) deparied iailv:rlow, and produces exiellcni wine; but Coiillan- lioin Ciipe Town, Oclober the 6ih, 1777. I'hey III I- preferable 10 every otiier part of this diilritt, not proMcdcd alongihe butioin of the Table Mountain, only on account of its elevated liiuation, bin for tho wliith leaJi to Conilaniia. iup^ri rit) of the foii, wldcii is moll extillc u mon'd. They m '1 i'''lM| \'iP »i it :r ■ji: ! ■•!■' I 1 ' ll 'f« .1.110 1 1 ;!,. mm 7>6 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ^1 ;t,?i! 1^ Tiicv palRd ilic ni^lit at land-fleet, wlicrc they ex- pciienccd imicJi holpitality, and ulfo Hayed here the next day on account of the unfavourable weather. 'rhc\ proceeded on the 8ih, along the bottom of Bay FrfHe, from the point of Moelen-Berq, to very near Hottentot Holland, being a continuation of what is called the Sand-Down, which i^ a cotifiderable fpace of ground between the Table-Kay and Uay Falfc. The greater part of this, on account of a white fand blown up by the fouth eaft winds in very large ridges, is un- inhabited; there arc, however, feveral (caticred (hrubs and other produce. A fmall fleet is near the middle of the bay, where flur travellers having found fomc rillicrmcn, hoped to regale thcmfclvcs with oylUrs, but herein were difappoinicd, as they could not reach the hai.kson accouni of the violence of the furf ; ihcy reded at the hut about an hour, being much fatigued with the heat of the day. About I'un-IVt they arrived at F.rll Kivicr, (i. e. Frill Riverj which begins from the Siillen Hofih ni" nitains, and here empties iilllf imo 15ay Falle. On account of the l.it>- rains they ha4 lent ilicir baggage through Hottentot Hol- land's K leaf, th.ey went round the Hang lip w\ the ii:i!i, and examined all ihe rocks and l).iys in the nioiuh of the Bay FaKe. 'I liry took horle as fjir as polfihle, and Lieutenant Pi: Ion got a fall from hi«, upon the fiile of a vcrv high precipice ; he ft>rlunatcly faved himfcif by laving hold of a fhrub, which grew c of a rock: the rocks and inouniaiin hfrc are cx- ceeciiiig rugged and iinUfc. They readied the niniitli o' SlienhraHam river alxmt noon, and in the moiiitng came to a dee)) bay which wa< iinktinwti. It is open U) the north wert, and being fcreened by lofty moun- tains, is well (hcKereii fioin the fouiji e.ill winds. Our travellers c-lled tliis \'an Pletenbey's H.iy. Here they agriid to .lay all iiii(h(, tlicrc being a fi;i.ill ftream (if excellent water, and having brought with them a portion of provifions and cloaks, in cafe of delay. Tlicy p^rfurd their journey next morning round the Hang Lip, or Cape Falfe; all the country from Hottrntot tu this jilace is uninhabited, as it entirely conftlls of rugged mount^iins and precipices. They paffed CJordon's Hay, which, though tiie entrance ij free from rocks and a fine white fandy bottom, is finallcr than the firll. About a mile and a h.i!f from fhiN they came to Tatterfon's Hay, which is larger than (iordon'i Bay, but Iniallcr th.in Van I'letenhcj's Ray Uetwcrn Van f'lelenheys IJ.iy and (iordoa's Bay there is plenty of wood and lakes of ficfh water. All tlicfe bays open to the north well and lie ike fouth inland. 'Ihey pafled Cape Falle about two in the afiernoiii. Here to the S. E. is an e\t( iifivc plain, covered with different kinds, but all very bad for feering cattle. 'I licy law a kind of aiilelope and feveral buffaloes. About evening th<-y came to the mouth of I'almita Kivicr, which it was with the grcatcd difficulty they could fwim through, as the rains to i!ie northward had raifed it very high, and the couric was exceedingly rapid. This night they had very heavy rain, aiiendrd with lighining and loud thunder. They readied IviK)llick Kraal's Kivicr about two in the moriiing. This river takes its name from a f'pecics of wJd garlick, which is common there. On the firll attempt which the lieutenant tnaile to pafs the river, he found himfclfuut of his depth and got out with gre.it ddliculiy, as it was ex- cecdint^ly dark. Here they were ubligcd to Hay idl day-light; in vain they atieniplrd to kindle a f i and the rain dill coiitiniud very I hkI ; tlnv crol'-r the liver as foon as evi r llie\ could fee, iim] rcicli' 1 1 the hoiil'e of Michael Olio, about nine in ilio mo ing, where thty met with a veiy kind rcc'pi ,„ Here they had their clothes drie'd, and rcfrdlicil i|, ' '" felves with flccp and provifions: they li^j i,',/ twenty-four hours without caiing. This place, liiuated between the Hottentot Hi ' Isnd mountains and the How-Hook (a dcci) (^ • pal>) produces very good wine and corn; hiii, tliou -S the foil be a fine rich mould, yet the p.iduic isco' (!. and docs not agree with cattle in general. Tlieypn' cccded, at two o'clock, on their joiiriicv ihrounlul How-Hook, where they met wiih a gcnilcMian on j.' return to the Cape, who had been at / W(.!;»,,jj|- This gentleman forewarned them of the lions v- s" are lurking aSont between this place and il;e tv,! \\'hcii they had jjarted, our ti.ivcllers crolicil '■ '• Bolt Kivicr, ar.d arrived at the Swsrt Hcrg, ti(.ntot Ktaal, which io:i;.!:tj of abiMjt fix huts, built in a circular form. Tl'.e Ho:iciito'ts arc as tall as tl;c gencralit) ofF;;. ropraiis: they are, in general, more (lender, c; i-. count of tlreir being either Hinted in foot, or uiij.ti. tonicd to cxetcife. 1 ii«ir hands and feet, ccnirdi i wiih ilic oiherparlsof iheir body, arc very lirail. lit root of the nofe is, for the mod put, vcr\ hv iv which means the didance of ilie ryes from cjchiiicr appears to he greater than in F.urt)peaiis. Thci^ of the nole likcwilc is p>eily flat. The iris is fcjicrfj ever of a light coloir, but has a dark brown caf; which fomeiiines approaches to black. Thc;r (km ii of a ycllowifli brown hue, which fornetlung ttlcui!! s tlut of an European who has the j iimdicc in a 1 • 1 degree; however, this colour is not in il.c kail . i>. lervahle in the whites of the eyes. One doc» wia find (uch thick lips among the Hotteniou at airr ■ their neighbours the Negroes, the Caflies, .u;(l 1,; Mo/ambiques. Inline, their mouths arc of j i;,;. dlin^; fi7.e, and almoll aKva\s luinillicd with, a Ici the finefl teeth that can be lecn ; and, taken tumiL; wiih the red of their fcaiures, as well as then lijr , carriage, and every motion, in fhort iheir louu.- feuible, indicates health and content, or at Icall i air of fans fouci. At the fame lime, this cjic , . mien dilcovers marks of alacrity and refolmiwi qtialliies which the Hoiteniois, in fatl, can e\'.; upon occafion Their heads one would hipixiii ■ be covered wk.i a bhck, though not vet) dole, I.. zled kind of wool, if the lutiiial harliinefs ul ,; 1 ; not fliow, that it wai hair, if poflible, ino.e v< .• than that of the negroes. H in oilier rclpctUi.i ■ fliould, by great chance, he obferved anv tr^'es < 1 1 beard, or ()f hair on any other parts of the L.;;., fuch as arc feen on the F.uropraiis, it i.«, liowevir, very trifling, and generally of ih.: (ante kind at iL: on ihe head. The Women have no parts unrrffr., -in 'o the reft I their lex. With refpeit to their diel's. and raeii'd of painting themfclves, the latter (if priming :i iniy be called) confids in bcfmcaring their liodioallm r moll copiouffy with fat, in which there is inucdup little fool. This is never wiped (. IT; on the contra ;■, they never ulcd any thing to clean their fluns i'^ cepuag RAVELS. itreiiii;trd to kindle i r. i ^ vny).,Hl: tlun-crol!:^ \ about nine in il,o ,t,o,, ' a vciy ki„fl rccpi "" s dried, ami rcfnfliclil.':'"' ■ovifions: tljcy l,^j ;;'■ ceiling. '■''' iwccii t!ic Hottentot n IIow-Hookfa deep U,; , VMMC and corn; Inn, ,|,„4 I'l. >ettlicp,flu,ei,co,;' MllcinjreniTal. Tlicv pr ' > ilu-irjoiirncv l!irourli,i'» I Htwiil. agcnilcnanuMl,; - hnd bc-oi ;,t /vc!;e,„i..^" d tlicinof the lions V.'., J I iliis place, and the CV o..r i.-ivcllcrs crofTcd v^l \ II the .Swart HcrR.nri),;: evening ui.c.v iho.c „ , ' l.vcral ,H-o[,lc (ror, ,■ . r ihe bu«h, vhicii, 1,1 :: l.'iC. ■]iK- hill v|,f,„,,. ,•' "i; a ipcci.. of nr,„;,:: i licrc IS another bjil, ,! 5 and ilottcn'.)S. ji,,' 3 drgrcei in trnipcuiu., alir, which runj cioic ' d to any degree df |',fj? ^;. -i'-- i. ai..ut ,„d,: nt I „iurc l,uc, and r ; rrciirfc paflw.irl, , .•i:id, ill a dav'ij ,.,,,, l^'i Ki.ial, \*liichio;i..!;ci J < irctilar form, ill a.s the gencialiiynfF:;. cral, more (lender, ,,:.■■. (liiiifd in foot, or ur.jct I. rliands and feci, cnn,,-„/i body, ai every fmalj. Ti-j c inofl p^ll, very lew. fc, •filic eye* from c«h(,!ifr I 111 Kuropeans, T ho i,p ly llal. 'JiicirisiMWrlr I Iu« a dark brown cjf' r»l<. black. Their (km i! vhuh lomethuig rticiiihld !••■•• llic j.iuuduc in a | •■, Dur is not in il.t iiaft ,;Jk he cye,i. (Jnr doo r,; iho IJoUoiiiots as airo- '>CS I lie Cafires, and u Kir uiouih.'i arc of a i:;,i. yj liiilliflicd with a |t;i. i-cii ; and, tjkrn logcil u c-S as well »» the,, jj,, iii ill (lion their kiuu,;- J content, or at \c4[ .i fame time, this caic , alacrity and rcfolmici, loi", in fall, can cil;": Jj «iic would liippiiii- ' nugh not vrrj dole, I:,.. itural harlhncfs ol ii i i tf pofliblc, 1110. e \t(i;, * H in other rclpttU li.i • obfcrvcd any iraifMU other parts of the b;;:,, iroprans, it ij, hove^rr, oltl;.: fjinc k;r,d av il.j; iiiirrffr,>-in •nil;crc!l f ilieir diel's, and nieii^cJ latter (if painting ;i miy ing their liodioail cvir hitli there is tni,\cd Uj t >cd (-(Ti on the comra ;., o clean ihcii fkinj, c.\. wp;i;ij - T^flHuimtii f " '*" ^' "•^"-'^ -,i#- ■« ■ f^m i ^l M/t'ri^'H: 1 ,■ 1*:. " r .,; '.i m 1 .1 'j'i I.' ■ I i > ,; M I V HHf 'S^Hil '^ W mimffi HiiHiS! ilHi ■■tk».,.t'%^»> LIEUTENANT PATTERSON'S TRAVELS in AFRICA. 'j\i I pijiirt (hat when, in grcafing tlie wheels of tlicir j„^(,'iis, ihcir liuiids were bel'ineared wiih tar and nitcii, iIh'V "Ted to gi-t it off very ciifily with cow- Lng at the fame time rubbing tlieir arms into the haruain up to tlie (houldcrs will) this cofmetic : I'o that . (jic dull and other filth, tojjetiier with their footy iiitiiicnt and tlic fweat of their bodies, mxid iieci 1- I'lrilv, notwuhllandifig it is continually wearing off, . |u,r,e incafure adhere to the (l^in, it contributes ,,t a htilt-" to conceal the natural hue of tlie latter, .,,1 :ii the fame time to chanj^e it from a bright nm- I rbi"^'" '" ^ l>rownilli-ytllow colour obfcurcd with (ilih and nadinrf-^. Prfidcs the picafure the Hottentots enjoy in bc- fiicarin" their bodies from head to foot, they likc- vifc perfume ihcmfelves with powdrr of herbs, with vthicli ihcy powder their heads and bodies, rubbing it In all over them when they bcfmcar ihcnilelves. 'i'lu- idoiir of it is at the fame time r.ink and aromaiic, and f'cms it> come iieartll to that of the poppy mixed wiili I'piccs. fhc Hottentots, with their fkiiis befmearcd witli ircafe and foot, and bnclcu powder, are by this iiiiMiis in a J^reai incafure defended from the iidbieiue nfllie air, and may in a matiMer reckon themfelves drclTcd. In oiher refpettj, boih men and women are wont lo nppear q'.iitc iindrcfred ; indeed, one may fiy pakcti, except a tridini; covering;, with wiiich iluy abv.ivs conceal part of tlieir bodies. With the men this covcrin.; coiifirts of a bag or purfe made of Ikin, haneiiic 'luiic open, the hollow part of wluc!) lecms (joli Mied to receive that which with iis motielly re- ruires lo beconcra'cd; but as tliis piece of furniture i< i)nl\ fallcned by a fmall part of its upper end l.> a narrow belt, in oiher refprcls haiiginj^ quite ioiile, it i, hill a very imperfect concealnienl ; and when the »c iter is walking, orotherwile in nuuion, it is none jtall. They eall this ptufe by the Dutch name of l;irk.iil, the name of an animal of the fox kind coni- niiii) ui that country, a» it k almoll always piepared olili'.- (kill of tins crcaiiire, with iluhaii) lide turned outwatd. As another covjri.ij^, which decciuv re- quire* of the men, wc oiiglit, perhaps, to confuler the two leather llraps, which generally hann fiom the bdiiom of the chine of tin" back down upon ific thiihs; each of them being of the form of an Holcelis tri.iiv'le, with their points or upper ends fillenerl lo the helijull mentioned, and with iluir bales, at fur- ihcll iliree fingers tiroad, hanging carclelly down. 'lh;lc flraps have very little dreffing helloucd upon tlicai, lo iliat they make fomewhat of a rattling as the Hottentot runs along ; and probably liy fanning him, fcrve to produce an agreeable coolnefs. 'I'he only a;ci real inlention, however, of this part of their drcfs, is laid to be to dole a certain orifice when they fitd.iwn. They arc at that time likcwife brought forwaids, f) as to cover the little flap above deferib- c(l; fir, they fay, ihefe parts (hoiild by no means be iiiirovercd when one liis, el'pecially at meals. Ncvrithelefs, they have been oblervcd fometiiiics lo nrglocl this decent cultoni. .\mong the llutteniois, as well as in all probabili- ty among the reft of mankind dilperled over the whole gU)l)e, wc mull acknowledge the fair lex to be the moll modellj for the fL-inales of this nation, co- ver themfelves much more Icrupiiloufly than the men. 'Ihey feldom conient thendelvcs with one covering, but almoll always have two, and very often three. Thelc are made of a prepaied and well- grcal'ed (kin, and are fallened about their bodies with a thong, almoft like the aprons of our ladies. The oatermod is always the 1 rgelt, mcaluiing from about (ix inches to a foot over. This is likpwifc generally the fined and inoil Ihowy, and frequently adorned with glafs beads llrung in (lilfereiit hgiircs, in a manner that (liows, even among ihe unpolilhed lloiieiiiots, the fiipeiior neatiiel's of the lair lex in works of ornament, a< well as their powers of iiiveii- lion and their difpofiiioii to let olF their perlons ti> llic bell advaiuage. The oulermoll apron, which is Bo. chicflv inicndei! for fhow and parade, readies idiout half wr.y down il.c tliighs. '1 he middle one is alioiit a tliird, or one half lefs, and is (aid by them to bci necclfary by way of refcrvc, and as an iiddiiionr.l in- treiuhmeiit of modelly, wlicii their gala garment is laid alidc. 1 he third, or iniicrinoll, which is fcaicely larger ihan one's hand, is (aid lo be iilefiil at certain periods, which rr;* much his troublclotnc to the fair lex here tlian in l'',nro|ie. All ihelb aprons, howcver< e\en to tlial '.vhiLJi is decorated with bead;:, arc not le(s befmeared ami grealy than their bodies. In (ine< the garment worn by tlie Ilolleiitots for covering their bodies is a (beep ll.in, v.iih the woiHy lidc turned inwards ; this pellilfe, or ell'e a cloak made of fomc fmallcr Im, is tied f.i'.vards over the breall. When the weather is not cold, ihey let it hang loofo over their (boulders in a cavelefs manner, when it reaches down to the calves of the legs, leaving the lower part of ibe legs and thighs bare ; but in rainy and cold weather they wrap it round iheni ; fo that the fore part of the body likewife, is in fomc nica- lure covered with it as far as below ll;c knees. A.s one (hecp-lkin alone is not liithcient for this purpofe, there is a piece (ewed, (jr latlier fallened on with a thong, (incw, or raigiit, to ihe top of each fide. In warmer weather they wear this cloak (onictiiiics with the hair li'ie outwards, but in that cafe they oftiier take it olf enlucly and carry it on their arms. In general, tl'.e Hottenlols do not burden themfelves Willi a great many changes i;f their cloaks or Rri;f!e% (as they call them ill broken Dutch' but are content uiihcnie wliich lervcs th.em at the fame time for cloihing and bedding; and in this they lie on the bare ground, drawing thcinfelves up in a heap lb dole, elpeciaily when the weather is colfl, that this Krols 'as ihe\ call it] or Karofs, is quite (iidicient ti> cover them. The cloak, or Karofs, which is ufed bv the women for ihe fame purpofe, does not difier from tluile uled by the men in any other rel'i-t ct, than that the women have a long peak to ibcir Karolles, which they turn up, f.jrming with it a boud or hiile punch, with the hairy (ide inwards; in ihis they carry their little children, to which they now and then give the bread over their (boulders, a prac- tice that likewifc prevails with fomc other nations. The men in general wear no peculiar covering on their heads. A (ew have b.ecn Iceii that h.id a cap made of greal'ed (kin, the fur of which b.id been ta- ken olf in ihe |)iepaiatioii. 'I'hole who live nearell to the colonills, lancy the Knropean lials, wearing them douched :.ll round, or die with oik (ide turned up. The women in like manner Ircipieiitly go bare- headed. Wl'.en tbev cover their heads, it is with a cap in the form of a lliort troncated cone. It is made without any learn, of the fcdgment of fomc animal's domach, and is as black as foot mixed up with fat can make it. Thcle are frequently lo prepared, as to look as if they were (liaggy, and others again to refemblc velvet, and upon the whole make a toler- ably baiidfome appearance. Over this cap they fomc- linies wear another ornament, confiltiiig of an oval wreath, or, a crown made of a butfalo's hide, with the brown hair upwards, 'ibis is about four lingers in height, and furrounds the head lo as to reach a little way down upon the forehead, and the fame depth in the neck behind, without covering the up- per part of the cap above delciibed. Roth the rims of this wreatn, as well as the lower one on which it reds, as the upper one, are always fniooth and even, and each ■ '- Ik 1 .i ■ . '.Hi* . If ,..•! ' 'M't oiu' of IiilO caps and wreaths, wliitli, however, is to the I'll i I as ^rt'aly as hcrlilf. The o irs of ihc Hotieiitot.' ari. never adorned with iuiv peiuLiiit or other ornann-.it liaiii^ir;; IVoiu llicm, any iinre than tlic nole, as they hoih arc among other favai;es; tliis latter, however, is lometimcs, by way of ijreuier (tale, marked with a black llreaU ol loot, or, more rarely nulced, wiili a lar;;c I'pot of red lead; of which latter, onhi;;li days and holidays, they likewil'c put a little on ih-ii ( heeks. The necks « matrons a ^«'u^td of trouble, as well in the wear as in the prepa- ration; and at the fame time are not a little elumly and ponderous, not to mention leveral other iiicon- vcniencies, IJut fuch is the peculiar turn of man- kind, that from the Hottentot, as imconftrained as rude in his maniurJ, to thofe nations which carry the arts and fcienccslo the highcll degree of perfec- tion, people are univerfalljr apt to fall ',r' > fuch modes ofdrcfs, as arc not only ufelefs, but like. Me in a great mcafure iinprifon their limbu and bodies. Riiig.i i,,;' rim. TliCT are then tied over the inllep, or, ifi;i,. thought neeidaiy to tie flie (hoe Hill faller, the) ^t earned cr'irwa)s over the inllep, and io dowimj^ ui-.der ti.e thong, which comes out from tl;c hnKJ. qu.irters, ihei; upwjids again over the ankle tM even round tlie leg itlcll, if the wearer choolo. Shoes ol this kind arc certainly not wiilioiit il;c- .ulvantagci. Thty fit as neat upon the f.joi j, , (locking, and at the fam,- time prcicrvo their fo.'ir They are ealily kept (nfi and pliabk', by con(b^'\ wearing ihem. Should they at an)- lir.ie grow rjii^', hard above l!'e edge, this is ealily reinedted bv bca;. mg them and grealing them a little. They iirc os. irenulv l';;I'i anil cool, by realon they do riot covt: lo nuieh of the foot as a conuiion (hoe does. Tli,-, wf ir \ery well, as t!;ey are without an)' feain, and iff (olei, or rather botioiiis of the fh'ocs, arc both tuu^i and \ kiding. ,\s (hoes of the c iinmon tanned IcJil.ft ,ire burnt up, as it were, and are apt to fiiilc about i- the koreliing African lands, and at the faino innc .uc e.ifiK torn in a Ilony and rocky i>n\, ihefe field flnrt- ,1s lhi-\ aie calletl, ir.ade of almod raw kalhcr aio niiuh moie durable, I'hele may be likewile had ai a much inferior pii';-, as ihc leather iilcd in il.c m.ikirgol them is eiuiielv undieded; and a nuiujn make himlelf a pair of them in the fpace of an hour or two, 'i'he Holiciitols who live in ihefe parts, or witi.in the boundaries of the Dutch colonics, feldom male ufe of any wcapims. Here and there, indeed, a mi will fiirnifli hinifelf with a javelin, by way cifdcfiiicc againll the wolves; this is i ailed a I'lafTag^ti. Thtir habitations aic as their drefs, and equally adapted n the wandering paftoral life thty lead in tholi pan.. In fatt, ihey fcarccly merit any other name than iha; of huts ; tlunigh, perhap.*, as fpacions and ehi;i!;le a> the tents and dwelling-places were of the pannarci:, of old, at lead they are fudicient for the lloitenu;: , wants ai.d ilefires ; who may therid'orc be cniilidcrnl as a happy man, in being able in this p<;iiit likcwifc li cafily to i'aiisfy them. The gicat fimplicity ol tlitm ii, perhaps, the realon, why in a Ilotieiiiot crajl, i.r village, the huts are all built exatlly alike; andtl.it one meets there with a fpccies of architiflurc, liiai does not a little contribute lo keep envy from infi- nuatiiig itielf under ihcir roofs. In faff, the equaliiy of forlune and happincfs in fome niealurceiijoyd by iheCc people, cannot but have a fiiigiilar elfcH inprc- veniing (heir breads from being dinurhcd by iliii baneful palfion. F.vcrj' hut is dil'polcd in the follow- ing manner. .Some of thcin arc of a circular, and others of an t)blong (hapc, rcfembling a round bcc- hl\'e or a vault. The ground-plot is from cigliieen 10 T A.VELS. which ; iirrcivaiii.s loii,^. iiiij I'.ic lauK' piiij),)(t._ -jj Icalhur in ilic lullinv:,,,', ricalhir of a rc(tanM;i|r bn.aikr tliaii ilc loui ,',f hoes arc intended, ij . "ubled up togedier. h,,',! the torepart ol' tlic fo.,; and ihc rtuHs may |^,' S by liiiinn ininiedij|,.|* nil the incinbrane in tl;^ f (ome aiiiniul. \„^^, j, Ikin or leather rife up lil nil (ides of the Umt, ani reed wiili li<»lcs at fii.;,t as far as tlie iniiU-quj,^ cs is palled a ilionij^ |,^' imo gathers ; ii,„|,^;_ .^ Hinrters, ihc hack pjr'i „f lubk-d inwards, and il,,, i, the heel. The end, ,| ni;, arc ilu-ii tlireaded,,, r edge of ihc bin |.,j,iaf wo inches; iheyaieilua !<• be drawn thiounl, n,, es on llie i.idde i.| ^^^^ k'cribc inlUp, or, ifi. i,, (hoe am laller, the) ,'■, indcp, and ludowmj^, incs out from d-.c hiini. lit! over the ankle, ^nj the wearer ehook^^. L-r:ainl) not wiihoui ib.. wat upon tlie foot j, j imc prclerve ihcir f.j.-ir. md ptiablr, by conlbn'iv I at any liuie ^row raii« ealily remedied by bcj;. n a htlle. They arc oj! reafon ihey do not (0,^. )ninion flioc docs. Jl.,., ftilhont any feam, and lie the fhoc-^, arc boih k.u-', le c )ininon tanned lcail,(i d are apt to (lidp abom n and at the fame (utic ak- iky f..il, ihefe field fli.K:^, r alinoll raw leather, aio e may be likemle |,ad ji ilic leatlxr iilcd in il.c nidreded ; andanunuii II in the Ipace of an huur in ihefe part*, or viiiiin b colonics, feldom niAv and there, indeed, a iiuti velin, by way cjf defence ailed a IlafTagai. 'fl.iir i, and equally acioptedi) luy lead in thole pari>, iriy other name iluii iha; is fpacions and elijjiiilc a. were of tlu- paririatd;. cient for tlie Hotieuo;, therefore be coiilidcrul e in this point likcwifc l,j Kit-at fimplicity ol ilitm in a llotleiiiot craul, i.r exatlly alike i and il„it ies of arcbiteflure, liiai to keep envy iioni iiifi- Is. In laft, ilie equaliiy i3mc nicafurc enjovd by :• a fiHRiilar elfeelinprc being diOinbed by this is (liipofcd in the fullow- I arc of a circular, and refcniblinf; a round bee- d-plut is from eighteen L 1 1: U T E NAN T PA TT P:'RS ON'S J' RAVELS in AFRICA. 719 rf:' li)Hveiiiv-lour feet in diameter. The liighell of thcin aic lo low, that even in the ecnire of the arch, it is f.jrccly ever podible for a middie-lizid man to (land iipri^lii. liilt neither the lowiu:!^ of the hut, n ir that 111 tbe door, which is barely tbice leet high, '""ii .,i.rii,ips be confidered as any inconvenience to a ||i)lieniot, who linds no tlillicully in (loo))in'^ and j.,mlinj; on all fours, and who is at any liiiu' more j„jined 10 lie down than Hand. The lire place is in il,- middle of each hut, by which means tlu; walls arc i„it fo iniieb cxiioi'ed to danger from lire. l''rom iliiJiluaiicm of their lire-place, the Hottentots like- w'x li.ive this additional advanta^^c, that when they II; or lie in a circle round the (ire, the whole company (•(iiially enjoys the benelit of its warmth. 'I"he door, !ja as it is, is the only place that lets in the day-lit;hi ; and, at the fame time, the only outlet that is left for (I... fiiioke. Tiie Hottentot, inured to it from his iiil'.incv, lees it hover nmnd bim, without feeling the |;,ill inconvenience ariling from it to his eyes: while, [jl'cd lip like a hedi;ehog, and wrapped up fnug in |>is (kin, be lies at the bottom of liis hut, quite at hi, cale ill the iiiidlf of bis cloud, exeepiing that he ii ni)W 'I'lii 'ben obliged to peep out from beneath his (hi"('p Ikin in order !o Rir the fire, or perhaps to light his pip''. '"■ '■"'' '"•"»'iii"i""' '" "irn the (leak he is b,,:ilint; liver the en I's. The materials for ihefe huts Mc by no means d'lficuU to be procured ; anil ibe milliter (if puiiiiu; liiein together beiii;; both neat and iiiiiurifial, merits commendation in a Hottentot, and In vcrv luitable to his charadcr. 'I'bc frame of this arched roof is coinpolcil of flen ler r(>d.s or fpra\s uf tree?. Thel'e rods, being previoufly bent into a pro- per form, are laid, either whole or picted, fome par.illcl with each with them, had a, quired the fame mannt.is and drels. The lieutenani being now in an ill Hate of health, was obliged to (lay awhile with this old Ilottentoi. (ierman, who aceommodated hiiii with a hut, and behaved to him with the iitmoft kindneU ; while Colonel Gordon, iiaving parted with his friend, pur- fui il hi> journey towards Snow Mountain. The lieu- (en.int being fonirwli.it recovered, took leave of llic old (Jeniian, and leturncd to Tfimeko, or Ollricli I.e^, on the itlh. Here he flayed ionie time, for the purpole of ( vphuing the mounlains, Ti.ivclliii'; is M IV dangerous lien-, there being (everal wild b( all-, and partKiilarlv HoniiefiTicn, who take e\ery (ipp.Mriu- iiity of pluiHJiring the inhabitants o( their cattle. The liorfi.elmen are fworii enemies to the palloral lilc. Some of their maxim.< are, to live on hunting and plunder, and never to keep ain animal alive for the Ipace of one night. By this imans thev render themlelves odious to the reft of mankind, antl are piirfued and evierminated like tlie wild beafls, whole manners they have afliinicd. Others (A ihim again are kept alive, and made lla\es of. Their weapons are I oifoned arrov, s, which, (hot out of a fmall bow, will fly to the dillancc of two huiulied paces ; and will hit a mark with a tolerable degree of certainty, at the didance of hfty, or even a hundred pace,. From tliis tliflance they can by llealili, as it were, convey death to the game thev hunt lor food, as well as to their foes, and even to fo large and tremendous a bealf as the lioir this noble animal thus falling In a weapon which, perhapj, it deCpiied, f)r even did not take notice of. The Hottentot, in the mean time, coi'.realed and fafc in bis andiufb, is ablolutciv certain of ih- operation of his pnifon, which he alway.s feleds of the mofl virulent kind; and it is (md, be has only to v,.iir a few minutes, it) order to fee the wild bcall lang'iilh and die. Tliiir bows are liardly a yard loiig, being at the fame time fcarcely (jf the thickncfs of an inch in the middle, ,ini| very much pointed at both ends. What kind of wood they are made of is dnknowii, but it does not (eein to he of a remaihaidy elaflic nature. The flriiin;s of the bows were made foine of them of f.r.e'.vt, iidii'; 'if a kind of heinj), or the inner bark of Tome vegrtabh", and mod of them are made in a very llnvenly ininner; whicli fiiowi, li -^ (||,,| , .'.rclurs depend m le on the poifon of il-,e \wr,|oi', than on any e.vahnefs in the furm.ilion of |||(.|„ ',' any other perlittion in them. 'I'lieir arrows nro foot and a li.ill Ion;;. Tliey are niailc of a rif^ „,.„ hiot ill leiigili, whi-.h, at the bale, or lie iii,j ,|,,'^ receives the how-lliiiig, has a notch of a prop, r (j,,] to fa it. lull above this notch there is a jnim ;„ ,1 | rceJ, about which llringsmade of (inews aiiMvuiir,' in order to (Irengtheii it. 'Ihe other end ujili,, |^, .' armed with a highly poliflied hone, five or fi>; j|,fi.,. long. At the dillance of an inch or two lion, [U tip of this heme, a piece of a quill is hound on vci- f.ill with (iiicws. This is done, in order ili.itiliejr row (hall not be eahly drawn out of the (|-.(||. .,, 1 thus there may I'e (o much t!;e longer time for |]. . poilon, which is fpiead on of a thiik condlicncc | . ili.it of an extr.ict, to be ddlolved, and i:if;ct j: v.DUiul. It is not coiinnon, however, for an arrow to he headi'd in the manner above mentioned vi.; a pointed bone only ; this latter being ulii.iljy t,n „.: fipiare at the ton, and a thin tri.ingular piece of i-,,,, fixed into it. In the (late in whuli it is (ccn ji ,. makes pirt of the arrow, it is of a dark brown en',,.!. full of (mall grooves and ribs, and does iioi j| n , ' ever to have htreii as while as ivory. Hence v.^ „, . conclude, that on Inch arrows as arc licadcj .,j. ,. iron, the bone is eiiiplo)eti chiedy fur giviin ,1 we.'iion .•» kiiul of weight and pcife ; .tiuI Iii,t",j ^ that tl-.eic arrows cod the Hottentots a great dul ,,|' labour. '1 heir quivers are two feet long and four indc* ,;, diameter. They are nude of a branch of a irco •■ !. lowed out; or, Hill more probable, of the Ijtl; ^r one of tliefe branches taken olf whole and 11,1 .f th.' bottom and cover to v, Inch arc compoRd dj .j' iher. On the outlide it is Ik daubed with an n ^, ous matter, that grows luid when dry, 'IT.icj \-,, are lined .ih.iut ihe aperture with a ferpciu > ( . , and, with the (kin of the yellow ferpeiu, wi'ui i conlidered as the niod venomous of any in thaicoun. trv. I'elnles a dozen of arrows, every quiver t ,-. tains a (lender hone of fand flotic fur whciiin: li ■ iron head upon, and a brudi for layi.ig on the puifin together with a lew wooden (ticks, (Jilleriiig in tliri. ncls. but all of the (anie length with the arro'..s. Pr what life the)' are dcligned, cannot be afcfrunH. Ihe poifon i.s taken fioin feveral different k;;id( ,if fcrpcnts, the more venomous the better, wl'iii;,r their arrow s are to be empio) ed againd their fo <, , • are only dedgncd for (hooting game ; for tlif l!ii :-•■. tots kno'- very well, that taken internally 11 is ,^; liarndefs. The dwellings of thefe foes to a padoral li'',- :rr generally not more agreeable, than their niaxiir' inl manners. Like the wild beads, biidu's ardchliii rocks by turns fei ve them indead of lioulcs; andf-:- of them are (aid to be fo far worfe than l!i-i(l<, li ; their foil has been found clofe !•) their hjlnuiu-. ,'V great many of them are entirely naked; hut lurh as have been able to procure the (kin of any fnt 1,1 animal, great or fmall, cover their bodiL's 'v;;h 11 from the (boulder? downwards as far as it will read', wearing it till it falls ofT their backs in ragi. ,\( ig- norant of agriculture as apes and moiikics, lh.cii,.i they arc obliged to wander about over hilLs an! jIi'i alter certain wild roots, berries, and plants v.i ,!i they eat raw) in order to fiidaiii a life that ilii.s ;!;:li,r- able food would foon exiinguilh and dcdroy, «f'' the;.' iifed to better fare. 1 heir table, howivcr, .i liiinetiines conipolej of feveral other dilhc, i.ni'.'j which may be reckoned the larv;e of iiil.ii-, or thofe kind of caterpillars from v^hich bmialli'i are generated; and in like manner a fuit ol «hiic ants (the termr.^) gradioppers, (nakes and fome foil t)f fpiilers. With all ;liele chanjjes of ditt, lix Uofhicfman is neverihelcfs frequently in wint, and to fuch a degree, a.s to wade alnio'l to a lliaduw, Their ftomacli* are Hrong eii' ,h to digelt a gicii quantity of food, as they may ,.;jcr be hiict t..i bo!i than ^VKLS. C iioifdi) of llu; \wr.ii,:- o lui;n,iii()n of ilicni/^ij rni. "I'lu-ir ariinvs .-.ro a y iirc nijilc of a rccd on- l.c l).fli-, or il-.L- ciiil i),^' s a iiotcli of a prop.rn,,. Dfcli tliiTc is a jr,iii| ;„ ^^'^ natk- ollincws aro v.imu',' 'llu- other cikIoIi!,,. i,.;,] ■li Ijono, live or l\\ ],^{... an inch or two I,,,,,, ,1'^,' ^i qiiill is hound on V(..,- lone, in order ili^t 1],^ _,y wn out of the (|.(|, . ,, .' h t!;c loiii^cr time („,• ||". of a thick condllcncc !,■ iliHolvcil, ai:d u,i\ii:i iH- n, liowevcr, for »„ arnw cr abdvciiicniinncd, vi.,, laltor bcitis' illiially aan-. ill tri.int^ul.ir piece of inn ill vhuh it is Iccn j, ,. is of a dark brown rn'„,.. ibs, and does not ,ii-p,.j|.' a> ivory, linur v- ,>.j,. rrowi as arc hcadcj (>..,', •d chielly for (;iviiM ,| '. and jioifc ; aiul uC'\\. iloitcniots a great dtjl ,i •ft long and four inc! c, j^ .• of a brantli of a ircc !■ ,|. probable, of ihc Ij,!; ^f ken nil whole and (in ,( liicii arc ton)|)()ft(i dj" :..j| s b< daubed witii an u ,;u. d when dry. Thccucrs lurc with a fcrpciul (i, ,. yellow ferpeiu, \t|.|,r .J omous of any in ihjunjn. rrows, every <)uivcr (.,:,. lid itonc fur whciiing ib fh for layi.i foes to a paftoral li^j jtf lie, than ihcir nia.\iin< aid leails, buflie^ and chfu n iillead of houles; ami I' :-■; iir worl'c than i:ei!!j, i.t :lofe f) their hihiuii n-. entirely naked; liui lurh re the Ikin of any fnt i,f )vcr their bodies 'vi:h 11 iirds as far as it uillrcich, lir backs in rag». Am^- es and inonkies, lii.cii ;i about over hill» a.il j|fi icrries, and plaiih iJ ,!i illaiii a life that ila.s ir.lcr- nnuilh and dellrov, mct; I heir table, hoMivor, :; veral other dilhc, imi'-^g the larviv of iiiliti-, or from \\hich butler-Oil's • manner a fort of *liiie •rs, (nakes and Time lort ;le chanjjci of diet, ine frcipiently in wjiU, and alle ainio'l to a lluduw, en • :-,h 10 digelt a giCJl • lay ,.:jer be laid u bolt thn LIl'-UTENAN r I'ATl'K RSt)N'S T R A V K L S in Al-'RICA. 721 MlAIl e.it; it fometiincs happciis, indeed, that tluy ,nni)tloni5 retain what they take but iimllaiice. tjjinii'i'o it is laid, does 11 )t hinder them I'roin IV' again tip'M) a frelli leorc. The capture )f(l iveslroin anions tl'israceot men fi i:.i; nicans a dilhciilt matter, I fat by II" lollowing ni.inner. levera d is elFcded rs, that are i,int ' f |< ivants, join together, and lake a journey th.it P 11' "I •''•'^ country where the I'.nlhielnien li Tlu-y iheinl L'lve tin ir l.ei'o llolicniots. or c Ife Inch 15'' luTo hielinen as liiv: -ht le ind lavc been trained np to lidelitv in r f.Tvicc, endeivour to Ipy < )ut where tlie wilt BolJiiclmrn have ificir r.ll'V ■ fncicti haul' ihe Imoke 01 th< 'Ihi; 111, I IS hell dileover- cs from ten to fifty end a y arc Ircd, Ml found reckoning S' rat 3111 linnf rs wil 1 iinall together. Xolwiilillanding this, the venture on a dark iii^ht tf his mailer and millrcfs. The Ntords f'i^nzeM and 'fgiiiiiaifi, which, perhaps, are bell traitdiled bv thole of }'>:t>ig Srir.nor and /"!", ,irc exprclfiiins which he mull freijueiitly |Mit ipv.iili, and (omelitnes a few cuils and bliiws into ;.' hargain ; and this for ncgleel, reiiiiHiicIs, or idle- cls: winch lad failure, if it cannot be laid to be I born \Mt!i him, is liowcver in a manner naturalized Soth.it, both bv nature and eullom, deteil- % HJI maiiiier ( ilabr cui|mlciiey, lircoming Hill k'hdes h, lied tl ) a wanderiir. )W, fi llolbfii life >ni Ins gre.iter id h.ivin;! hied liiiij coiitiol, he moll I'enfibly feels the want of Ins lib-riy. idcr then, tlut he generally end- .ivours to lroi;,iiii II by making bis cle.ipe : Init what is rei.lly a evils runs .iw.iv fro n his fervjic, or more prop crlv luiiiil ig<-, lie never lakes wi ithh Ml anv thi n<> thai docs no! belong to bun. The I leutenant, in one o( his c.vcurhon.s rhi fell with a party of ihefe Ih'.'lieifi men, who behaved very well ; ou which they made (igns, am r traveller gave them fotne tobaceo, for (1 tl.ey. in reiuni, ollered him lome honev, whieli thev had iiill c.)llec)ed in tin luniains. They had hows and an id the hi? (ler a Ipe.ir in his hand, with heavy ivory rings < right anil; thele were ofthc tribe of the (jhoiuiegucs. On the 3(1 of Deeenilier, our traveller vilited the moll fertile and agrei'ablc I'laei- he had yet I'ecn, cal- led Good Ilo It la Jt tl le lource ot Ihe tlc- phanl's River, and was produtlive of plenty (d'corti, with very little cultivation. Ihe iniiabitant.i low the jirain when the river has overfhiwed tl-.e bank npein here a month looiur tl.aii a cliniitc is fo very favourabh- luttive of excellent fruit, niulberri s, and It t the Cipe, the This place is alio ;ro(: leaehes, oraii;''s, h: v^C. I.ieiiie .itteilon now proceede les, api loots, d .S. W . and piHed the hot baths. He met wiili a great number of olliiehe:;, and after a fatiguing journey, reached the dwelling of one he relied two day.s. Toll, enhacer, on tlie 11th, wp.jre 'i'wo pealants, who were on their way to the Cape, now came up and o life red Ah r a place their waggon, whieli propolal was very accejitaulc as ihc lieutenant s liorle was exceedingly weary lame. through the badiiefs of the roads Tl ley pr ceeded .iloiig the banks of ihe I'.lephaii'.'s River, and arriving at the Aicjii.is Kloaf, relied there a d..y. On tlie i()tb, they palled the .\t(iuas Klo.if, which is a very rugged way. The next (Jay our traveller took leave of bis kind waggoners at Sure Tlatla, and imrlued his journey towards the Ilottniqua-I.aiid, for the pill pole ol ex.iiiiining the e Meiifive woods ujion the range of ni'iiiiitaiiis whieli he li.id lately pafled. This ni"ht he lotl.;rd at Mr. Uota'; with iireat ho Ipil.i Ihe next niornin'^, when lie a River, fo called fioin a tree of the la who l}ehavea 1 with a guide d at White- Lli'c- d hit' mo name. On the 2i;d,tlie lieutenant and his guide ilhed with di x'ing f'lir- ogs, lor lear ot tigers, ventured 111 the woods, which begin to the north of Mollel-Hav, and reach about 1 jo miles to the eall, terminating at a pl.ice called Sitlicamma. They are very thick and 1" Iir idll il t rees, uncomnioiiiv tall, IV be leen a variety of beautiful paily-c( lome o f ih ele tiees jrow out of the urcd jked )f tl ie roct th e niouniains are extreme Iktp: an cxteiillve plain lies between the woods and the Indian Ocean. It is producltve of a very iiiferior foit id corn and wine, anil though covered with grafs. tne ilk age is very unw ^holel' It is well inha- bited with i'.urioieans, whtd'c trallic cordllls ctiiedy id, wl Hell ility bring 111 [ inks to the C.i Our traveller returned to the Cape, the fame load that he tra\ - at the C • I'ottl with Colonel (Jord laiiuary 13, 17; on, and airiv ed Injcd of wonder is, that, when one of thcfc poor ■^Zi0Sl c H A r. II. I :;■,' linlmmt cr.'nmev.crs lis f,\on.l youriin; xvtth a Q::!j\::u:nt—Tlcy procecA to Tigcr-tlerg, i3c.—A Jlja;-t Excrir- f:n—A lioitLi-Vork bri>;ti\i mid killed—Dttanud I'y lc Piiiits of Lions, i^c, — I'ljit ti.o Bws iu lie Knro—DtfiTipiioa of ibfm — M..t an Furipfiin Woman ivMndrd i^-ilh u pijijhiied Arrow — Arri-ve at OHvt-llifo—Nrxl Day lit !i l-'arm caiUd Rbinoreros.B>/'ib— Difficulty in r/-iiiii dv Siimtnil 0/ lh<- Monnltiin — Fur. tbtr ■Tnizfls—Qirfory Ohfen-iit ions— Arrive at tbe luWcr—l'a/s Ibf JSaivon's tlil! — Hirf ,in Hottentot — Sboot tico Cn'Hs. Bocks— DfftriptioH oj them— Proceed furlbcr— -lb,- Lienl'eimnt e ■< IrcHed H'bite /Inls— Journey conlifiiied— En'.frlaincd at M Hottentot l'i!'.'g( — Piifs i be Copper M'ttntain—Mee. /eierat Kitives iirmed—Sc.ircily 0/ /•-.i-vt- Jhns—Supph oftbreeHhrep—lt'ild Apes, iJe.feen—A JhoU float invented fur crolfnigOiwige-liiirr— An At tacit I'y lii'O Hippopotami— One of'ibe Animals killed— Scarcity of Water— 1 be Ijciilen.nit, &c. mil's their O\cn—Reeo- vtrtbm— Procure H^'aicr—Purfue their Joinnev in Expe^-tiHionofa S:ipp'yof'Oxen — Agrccal ly furprijed ly a PrO' vifmof txtjelve liuHocks—Pioceed on ibeir Journey— Im nijhtd iiitb ■ Team of fujh Ox.n — Reach Cafper's Kloa/ — An Exciir/i'jH to the Camis- Berg — Proii/msfor a It eek procured at a Jat, bnuin's— Make for Horn- River— An ive tl the Bokke-Land—l'rejb i'aJ>p!y—Pinfiie their Journey— Iruverfc Sxeal- l:thd~~Rctuyii to OpcTu-xn. ii, 8 U , . LIEUT^ 1 1 ■' ! .1 -iiltkl 1 ■■ ■■,] ^f'' 72i NEW COLLKCriON of VOYAOLS and T K A V K L S. 1^ k -a 1 i''- 'ii LlliUT. raitcrCon remained at ilic Cape t'cnir months, and being now determined mi his IVcond journev, was accompanied by a young >;ciilleinan, who, tliuu^h an inhabitant of the Cape-Town, pol- fcllLd ii veral farms in the interior pans of ilie coun- try, and i>roceeded. May 2i, 1778, throuj-h a lar^e laiidy plain, to tlie 'ligcr-Herg, where they dined. The'taimcrs bein^ all now Imry in plowing and I'ow- ini; their grain, the eountry had a lively appearance. They proceeded S. K. in the afiernoon and (pent the Jiight near Slillen-Mofch, al the houle of Mr. Clutla. On the 23d they pinlned their journey to the K.ill Rivier, and made a Ihort cxcuifion to the Siillen- Bol'ch m untainsj the country hero is very fertile, productive of a variety of fruit, and plenty of corn «nd wine. Proceeding now K. S. K. they reached KnoIIlick Kraals Rivi r in the afiernoon j this was impallahle till the 2Cth, when ihey made for the Worm, both about lixtv miles diltaiil fiom llif ('\pc. On reaching the 'ri;;er-Hotl;, il.cy huiiied a Ipe- cies of antelope, called Bonta-Uock, wliich they bil- led. Two peafants who hail tra\ died from afai, and were on their way to ilie Cape, informed our travellers that the countrv they h.id come thniujjh, was parched up for want of rain, and noiwiihilaiid- ing the rivers in this part were lo fwoln as to be im- palfahlc, yet it was with the ;;re..!jll dilficully, during their journc), they could [)rocu re water for iheir cattle. They proceeded callward on the 28th, hut were obliged to (lop at the (irll houle tluy could hiid, on account of the inclemency of th.e weather. 1 lu y took up their night's lodgi^jgs about eight miles from the 'I'vger-Ih.'ck, and the ne.xt day advancLil towards t'te IJrecd-Kivier, where it is j lined h) ih" river /ondcrcynd ; but were compelled to Hop, from the impracticability of croffnig the river. They were not the only travellers who were detained from the Came caufe; many waggons were (lationcd on the oppol te (ide, which had been there for lomc days, waitin ; till (he water fhould fubfide. There is a Icr- ry ot this place, but it is of no ufc when the river is rapid, i be man who had the charge of the ferry, was an old Cierman, and h.id lived Iniween the two rivers for many years. He very kindly jiropolcd to get our travellers acrofs the river /.ondereynd; and ofTered them the ufe of his houfc till the river be- came pallahle for the w.iggon. Tliey left the Jlot- tentois to take care of the bagg.igc, and ilunkfully accepted of his olfcr. During their Hay heie, they had niuch rain and (leet ; and the mountains were covered with fnow. 'J bey cioded with great dilli- ciilty June the 8ih, and proceeded to Zwtlloiidam, where they flayed all night. From /.wcllendam they proceeded to HuflaUc Agte Rivier, where they tn.idc lomc Ihort Hay. Tluy lodged at the houle of Mr. Van Rcnan, who, having fupplicd ilieni with a leant of frefli n.xen, accompanied them to the mouth of tJouds-Rivier on the iCih. The lieutenant villttd rathcrina-IIay, about 280 miles from the Cape. This bay, vhich opens (roin the fea, W . by N. is wide, and c.vpol.s velf. 's very tuuch to the .S. K. winds. The plac is alto'^ethcr unfavourable to (liips, as very little refrcfhmcnt can be procui ed from any part of the adjacent country, wl'.icb is both barren and poorly inbabiied. Having agreed by a pafs called tJroena-Kloaf (which they were informed was the moll fcciiic and agreeable roarl at thai feafotiy lo go through a l.irge ciiain of m luntains to the wellward: they according- ly dircTled their courfe that way, and reached the boufe of a very old man, one jacobus lloita, on the ajih. 'I'he ne.\t day was exceedingly cold and boi- fterous, witit heavy rain; ihey purfucd their journey dill to the wcfl, and came to a farm on the Hreed- Rivicr at night. I'he weather (liil cniuinuing had the 29th, they flopped for that day, and being advil'ed not to proceed any further in that diretlion, on ac- count of llie dilliculiy in crofTing the rivers, thev agreed tu return and trofs the moiinciins at another place 10 the ealtward, called I'lata-Kloaf. |ul)- the 8ih, I'.iev reached riaid-Kli),if', and jf,. foiiie trouble, eroded the mountains 0!i tlic ,. , and arrived at (.'hanna-l.and, thence ihey procec,^ H wellward, and in the evening came to a hot [,.,■, more lemperaie than thole obferved in tlic (irit jiju,' iiey. ll.tving a very long day's march before ihcm, i!,.. relied here a few days, and early on the thincciM- ler.t iheir wa;,gon before them j they arrived it ' dream of waicr, where they relied for the imU- there were violent cl.ip.; of thunder and heavy mm' the countrv thev had travelled was very barren u^ full cf wild' bealis. On the 14th, perceiving a Hottentot Kraal, jl,„~ two miles diltaiK e, one of the natives was hirrd Ion guide. H.iviiig left the v.iggon, Lieutenam l'j|,„_ Ion, (Icfirous to Ice as much o| the couiitiy aspollilji. with Mr. \'an Rcn.in and iheir guide, now purluij a dilfcrent direction, and when they had travelled n,' about lour in the afiernoon they tl.eii began to ilii,,j of tlieir baggage I'liey travelled nil nine, throu-b a very wild coiinlry, inhabited only bv bealU, »j,j| out dilcovermg the ohjcd ol their learch. 1>. lieutenant then alcciuied the hills, in hopes of (|,^ tc riling a tire on f ;nc adjicent heights; which iiihc uluul ligiial made by trax tilers in Africa when ilcj are loll, or fepar.iii d from their companions. Ijo^. ever, their laboiiis being unliirter»lul, they agreed tj remain till day-bglit, at the (ide of a linall founijiij. ili p.ilfrd a dry barren craii.irv and, ill the 11101 ni^ig, came n> a mileiable liuvil k- longing to an Kiitiip'..oi, where ibey ftaved allnijhi. Oil the i8ih, they proceeded through ultji ihe Diiieli call Karo, which is a ver\ extenfive pliin, ii,. leifpetfed with liiull lucculent and fruitrlccm plar.,u 'I'his defcnption may be applicable to many pjiu iif .Mrica ; particularly thole winch arc (luuu d to tht north of the Cape. They travelled all this day viih. ouihndinga drop of water; and in the cvcnin^jt. lived at a h(/ule called ihe Staart, which is plcaLii;;^ hiiiaied on the banks of a liiiall river. Here tiir? aisiuled themlelves with fhooting wild duck<, i^Ct fpeties of lecdhen.s, 'ihich they found in great plcf' Thty purfued tl. ir journey on the iiinettc:^,-, along the \'erkered alley; which it thus denon/. niieil, from the river hich courles through 11, lakm; a diuclioii diderent from thai of any other iti ii ^ eoiiniry. ,Vt the time we were there it was tjuiic liii. ■] hey were now- advancing towards the Coud Boki^c \'eld, or the cold country of antelopes; il;c niniir,- tains of wliith were covered with fnowj which hc- (luenily remains upon their fummitstill the monili et November. The next day they arrived at a lioi.f: (iiu.ited on the north-call (ide of the VVhiilun-lici^', or \\ liile Hill, where they remained all ni;;hl. li.c jieople informed them of the danger of crolliiig il.e (ire.it Karo, not only from its bi-iiig a dcfart couiiir\, but alio from parties of the ISoftiicfincn Hottcmoc, who were at war with the Dutch; and were o{;tn lurking about to fall in with European!. 'I'hi y ("ivt il'.em iiidances of perfons having been woundciltv their poiloiied arrows, and that they were very M- dom cured. Noiwiihftanding their good advic;, our travellers determined to erofsthc country, keep- iiig as niucb on their guard as pofliblc. On the 2 id, they dirt ded their courfe nofh; and in the evening took up their Icjdgings on ihcritieof a linall 111 cam of water, called Jhoin-Kiver. Our hero V V K L S. LIEUTENANT PATTERSON'S TRAVELS in AFRICA. '-:] 1 A^;; ■d riata-Kloaf, and, ,f;,, innuritaiiis 0,1 tl^, j^^j., I, tluiicc ih(.y prf.cc(,V(j 111- rjiiic 10 a liot ;;j,; 'blvrvcU ill lliclirllj,,^;; sinnrchb-forctlicm, il,, f.uly oil tlic tliincci|.|; thciii; ihcy arrived Hi oy relied lor the „|A,. tluimJcr and heavy r^,„.' ilcd was very b^rru, u4 a Hottentot Kraal, i\^^ ihc native* was hired!,,,, id lo ir.t (ravelled all this duy v:;h- i and in the cvcniisi; ci. Siaarl, which n p'caLii;,^ 1 liiiall river. Here ilicv (KJtiiii; wild duck^, j'nij ihcy found in great plci'v irncy on the nineiter.'-, ; which it thus dcnos,-.' courfcs throiii>li ii, takm; hat of any other in li.i ere there it was (;uiif Ijli. towards the Coud Bokie ot antelopes; the ninii.;. cd with fnowj which frc- fiimmitsiill the monsliof y they arrived at a Iwufc Jc of the VVhiilon-li-r^', remained all ni-bt. Tic c danger of crclfing il.e its biMiig a dcf.irt couiiin, : Uofhiefincn I lottemot.', Dutch J and were oficn Europcani. 'I'hcynive having been wnandc^ltv that they were veryM. ling their good advit:, erols the country, keep- IS poflihlc. d their courfe nor»h; and lodgings on the fide of » led J'lioin-Kiver. Our hero i.fo made an cxcurfion in the morning, throiii{h ,i,c country, and in the afternoon they joined the jUiTon. I" the evening they found water at a place, railed Porde-Ucrg, or Horl'c Mountain, where they ,cllcd all night. On the 23d, they obfervcd a lire aliout half a-mile from them, which they imngiiied had been li;>lite(l hv a psriy of wild Uottciitoi.s. ileiiij; rel'olved 10 lee |j„tlu-y were, they found thcin to be the fervaiiLs of a Dutchman, who lived near the Cape. They hid » l*''S'' "'"^'^ "^ (liecp under their charge. The jijieiiant found them lo well acqu.iinted with the country, that he hired one of thcin a-i a quide. They ihen continued their journey .ihnui twenty miles, and ,( night arrived at l.'nlueky-Kiver; fo called, from ^jn's bavins been devoured by a lion loinc year.< ,»n on its banks. "The next day their road lay ilirough a dry fandy country, with a very naked appeirance. The hills •xrc compol'cd of horizontal llraia of a fofi inoiild- trins kind of flone. At noon ihey were informed u apcalant (wiio was on his way to the Cjpcj that if ilicy did not proceed on their journey with all^ollible txpcdition, they would not be able to cotne to any rlace wliere there was water : moreover, that travel- ling a' "'R*" ^'■" ^'■'^'^ danp/TDU.", on account of the flumber of lions which inhabited that part of the country. After a very fatiguing march they arrived atabrackifli fountain, where they relied all niijhi. On the JSth, they continued their route to the northward, through iiuich the fame kind of banen foil they had palled on the preceding dav. Wherc- ever they i)aired, they oblerved the Irefli print of lions and tiijers; and early next morning Mr. \'an Rcnan law a lion within tiliy yards of iiim, which our travellers afterward.', purfued ; but the track brought them to a clump of thick thorny fhrubi, which rcvcnted them from proceeding luriher. The next av tliev V lilted two of the boors who refide in the Raro during the time when the liiow lies upon the Ro«e Veld mountains. This practice is not, how- tvcr, general, fevcral of them remain in their habi laiiom, expoled to all the iiulemencics of the wea, thcr. The piincipal eaule of the migrations from the tnountains to the Karo, is a want of firewood, whicli IS very fcarcc on thele hei'^lits. Thole of them that remain, in general, employ their fervants, be- fore t lie winter begins, in carrying wood from the bottom of the mountain, which is certainly a very laborious talk. There are fomc to whom thele tein- porary removals arc far from appearing a greai evil. Indcfd, fevcral of the inhabii.mts ,)i this didritl .ive fu much in the habit of chanr.iiig their alnide, that nther than undergo the iioiibli:" of making a proper provifion for this dreary fealon, they would travel for many miles. As this dclart part of the countr) is inhabited only during a fhort part of the year, very few hnufcs are to be found in it. Moll of the iiih.i- bitants live in huts limdar to ihufc pf the Hottentots already dcfcribed ; fome dwell in the tent that covers their waggon; and, even in this fituation, the boors have the appearance of being the bappicll of all human beings. When a llranger vifits them, he is treated with the greatell hofpitality; and every thing they have is at his command. Tiiis, in general, is the cafe throughout the whole country. They proceeded on their journey this day only f>i()ut ten miles; and in the evening came to a very mean cottage under the mountain. The inhabitants were poffelfed of a very lar^e herd of cattle, particn- larlv llieep ; but at this fi;alon many die of a dikale, which they term, the burning fickncls, in which they lofe moll of their hair. 'I'hcrc is a palTagc at this place over the inountain, but there was now no poi- fibilitv o! crolFing it ; our travellers, ihciefove, pio- teedcd to the weilward, by the diredion of the boors. At liighi they came to a fmall llreain of water, where they relied. On the igih, they direaed their courfe north by weft, through a hilly country. On their way they faw feveral huts, which they fuppofed to belong to Hottentots; but they proved I'uih befirc delcribed, the winter rclideiice of the Diiich boors. .At one of thele liUts was an Kitrope.iii woman who had been wounded in the arm with a p nfoned arrow. (;reat pains had been taken to i ure her, hut to no purpofoj lor at dillerenl periods cd the ) car, ,tii iii!l;iiniiiatioM came on which was liicceeded by a jiaitial mortillca- lion. .She laid, that the wound was not long in hell- ing up; but that. III two m'oriiis al'tcrward^ there was a cert. limy of its breakiii!^ out again; and tliii had been the eafe for many \ eai s. .At night they arrived at .1 place railed Olive ISiifli, where tlic^y relied, 'fhe man, to whom tliis place: beloiii'/'d, w.is the only one, ol a wlnde laniib.', wlio eleaped IVoiii a paily of the MolhieCnieii liolleiilots, I'hole lavages had attacked thi-m a lew vears before; and put to (iealh his moiher, brolliei, filler, &e, 'I'be next day they proceeded to the nonhwaid 5 and, in the evening, came to a farm called Rliiiio- ceros-Uolch. niiriiig the night they had much wiirl and r.iin. I'lirbiiiig their jourmy, north l;v well, they had the Roggc \'eld lU'rg rni their ri^lu liaiid. On iheir way they met one (d the inliabit.iiits of t!;;; nioiim.iin, who proniiled to allill thcin with a team ofhelli oxen to carr\' ilieni lo the f'uiiiiiiit, whie!i was very dillictilt of aleeiit. In the evenirn^, they rell'.il by the lidc of the Rhinoccros-Kiver; hut as they had no fhelter from the iiiceH.int hail and r.iiii, and were iinalde to keep their lire lighted, their fitua- tion w.is r.\ueincly uncoinfortable. In this condition they retnaineil during the whole of the following (la\-; and on the fecond of .Augtill, the proiiiiled adiil.iiice arrived in order to condiitt them up the moiiutiiii; but It wa> Willi the umioll dilliciiliv they coiiM reach the liimmii, llie pith w,is fo very lleej) and rugged; ami tile tim thereof lo wet, that tlieir o.xen and liorfes went often u|) to their bellies in the low uruund In the afternoon they came to the hoiil'e of their fiicnd, who had ailoided them fo much alfidance, where they llajed all uight, and were hol'pii.ibly ciitc-r- taincd. 1 hough the foil appears to be very good heix, yet it feldom produces anv contid.i ible ero;) niitains which progrellively prefent tlieinlelves to view: lor iii- itance, though the aCeent of the mountain, called the Kogge-\'ild, is not lefs tban two thoulaiid feet from the Raro, tue delVeiit is not m.ire than one ihotiland before they eome to a fecond, which ;ippcars of ecjual height with the former. Having tiken leave of their kind hoi'?, tlicy pro- ceeded nearly liorlli b\' well, llirou,",h a verv I il'y country. On the ;;d, in the evening, tliey ariived at a milerable hut, which they fi)und behinged to an h'.uropean who li\ed with tlie Hottentots; his name was Sweriz. He was not at home ; but as our travel- lers could not advance any further, for want of water, they reui.iined there duiing the nig! t. 'I'he only thing they could procure at thi.s place was milk, lor which they gave the Hottentots fomc tobacco. On the .jth, they travelled through a drv barren country which lies between the Koggr-\eld and llentum. At noon they erolled the Khinoceros- Rivcr, wiiere they faw fevcral large herds ol'quachas; and, in the evening, came to a very decent boufe, where they were well received. This lioiil'e is fuuated till the very borders oi the Holhscfinciiiil.and ; and t p. ; I* :.. ,1 m It- ,. (': ! I felil.: mn 7-' I Ni:W COI.LKCTION or VOYAGKS and TRAVELS. p'. ■. mm and ii ru'iiuciulv- aiiatlM(i by il'ii uilic of ll(jt!cn. lots. As iluy had undirgoric iiiiiiy iiiconvcnifiiccs for foinc time l)cl.irf, troin llic ll-voriiy of ilic wlm- llicr, and tin- want of (licllci in miiiy placis lln.m^h which they had piflud, our travciliii ilctciiiiiiK'd U) rcll I'.cre a few days, ami to vilit ilic Ilcniuin and oihcr cmnitriis adjulniiig. Ill iliJM part of the couiiity iherc are nviny iliingn worthy of olil'crvai ion. The horfci in llii.s dillritl arc yiMil\ atiackcd Uy adiford'-r, lor which it is very dillicuit, if n>)i iiiipi)Hih!c-, lo .it-ioniit. C\riain it is, that t!ic uim"fl caro, the foidin^ of ihoni wiiii corn, and kccpiii:^ of the'in in ll.ihlcs, .is much frum the air as poUihIc, (l.)Cs not opcr itc as a prefcrvaiivo from thii dilcale ; fu that ll- ifj who hav other farms near, remove their caiile irll tliis leafon is palled. Horned cattle are cxpofed to equal danger from the Amaryllis Dilliel;.!, or poilon bull), with which the country is covered; they arc exireniely fond of its Icave-i, wliith j;eiierally piove f..tai. On the gth, we proceeded low.irds ihc Hokkc- Lan.l, wliich is nearly well by fouth, from the Ilcn- lum inoiintain; and, in lw.> lervanis to lulluw hini \»i:li |i. waggoiu .Mler liavelliiig about ei.^ht niilej, he fu; J his companions at a Iniall ioiiiilain, biitlin^ l,^. . \.hite anis, wliicli lliry cat, and which the 'tiutu. nant declares, are by no iiuaiis Hifagrecable. 'J'licy pioctedcil the next day to the ncrlh.ve|> tlocugh u deep faiuly country. ;\hout noon tV,' ollcrved a babiiaiion a little to t!:c callward, m'i foliiid that it bi-Kin'^td to ..ii Luropean, wlio IivkJ bin- (inrii q tl.t wiiittr lealo-i : this place ll ey callij tie Pici.hd rounl.iin, f.'<.m tic water bciiij fj lir.iik)(!i il.ai ilu) rould not diink it. In the ^licr. n r,ii 1. ey ct.hiHiu. il their ji.uriicy to another lui:-. tMH, c tiled lirack Ioiiiil«iii. 1 lie water Icrcv.i t • 'cdiii^U br.i' kill), though naiih letter il.ju t;^ 1 1.1. Diiiiiii; ihc night the) had much r^iin ; 3:.il IK aI m,.-,- .i.ii ,;ooil water in t!;e hollow rocks; bai out lit 10 iiineivcil that ihc water, by llaiidint; a kt liui.'.< III i!.v I.I..;,., t ccaine Iniiilur in its qujlin tlial ol liiv liHij.tain. 1 iir\ now went through loiintry. .Niitot iKe iiill> lunn large pyrai l.iole, ltd, laiid\ (loix. On the twei.i) l^cotu!, at noon, they cainjtDi;- Ilaii'hecil-Kivicr, \Nhuh was hrackifh ; here tier relted at)i>ut two honis. In t!ic afternoon thcv pr;i. ccedcd to the wcllward, «hen ihcy came to aiioi,„t houle on tlie fame rivtr, wf.erc ihcy II ^cd all nij'..:. I'owauls the wtlUard this river juins jiiothcr, cail.J the I horn- Uivcr. On the 23. Ucrg. '1 his IS one of ihi; higlielt mountains 111 tL . pait uf the country, and fupplics the gicatcit part d t!!y h.;d been foinc miles to the northward, irquifii^ after fuine of Ins friends; lie was on his yti^ to tic Cap?. There beirg a good fupply of water at i'..:: place, t1icy rcfolvrd to continue here all ingl.t ; ai'l III the iiKirniiig diretied their courfe towards the v-ci!; having in the road pafTcd fcvcral dangerous prcc • pices. At no'iii they idled, aboi'.i an hour, hy 1 iinall lltcam of water. In the afternoon they [u- ceiilcil III the lame diretlion ; and in the eveni;", came to a houle belonging to a Duichinaii, litJat^a on the banks of a plealant river, called the Crcc:i- River. Here they Hayed all night. 'Ihc Hmttr.!' :•, tu whom they gave tobacco and hemp leaves, Ibp* plied ihein with plenty of milk. Our travelleis look an t.xciiifiun towards the north early on the morning tif the 27111. Ihcy arrive! at an lloiientoi's village at night, which contaitied objut 130 inhabitants and nineteen hats. Having treaiej tlie VVKLS. LIEUTENANT 1' A f I' E RSO N' S TRAVELS in AERICA. liMrltu jiij Jcl'ciid i|f^.lf aljr(icniim<)r.uirc, a;„| KillU lo the ll(.tlhv,j,,; ilic r.icat 1 Ikuh Rucl rsduriii); i!ic licat of ,|p icimiMUCcI their loiiriu., ijviiii; the Ilo(hii||,ii..|i' lit ri^ht hand, ai,(l il,;. their \k.iy iluy i.,* lac-. : louiitiy is in moll pj,;, loit ol ciil)u: iroiicjie. j,, pi.lir, j.illcU (lic I i|,||^ V loik, wllCiclhcy louii.) \y ihtiii!clvc4 and ii,^..^ xciiilioii to tlic wdltfjf^i r. \'jii Kenan .mil j.ico! iird' to i!x northward n, lio liiiitcis-ini leiuiiiciJi,, jiiomdi'd 111 the niiril;. ID hiliow hini Willi iL: out ii.ht miles lie f':u:'i it.'iiiiUin, hi(jiiin;{ fo.-j.j and vliiuh the lnui,. ■ins iiiia.;rctiih!c'. t iljy I" the iicrih-vc!! niry. .Mniui noon i!<.,' tie to t!;c cadward, ani li Liiropcaii, who liv,,} ri: lhisi,lai.c ticyullij ■ m the waiir huiy [j I iliiid^ it. In the aticf. uriuy to .tnoiiicr hi,;. ). 'J he water I etc v., (h naiih letter il.jii {j^ cy had inni.li rain; ai.il 111 il.e hollow rocLs; bji water, by llaiulinj; a kt liinilitr ill its cjujIki MOW went lhroiij;li ) (uriii large pyrai [ noon, they cam; to i!- »\a% hr-irkilh , here tlcf the aiicriioon ihcy pra. en ihcy came to aiioih.r icrc ihry Acdal! nij^Lu ivcr jyiiis another, Call.J l(d their courfo to t!,t lyoii came to the libel- Is fourec at the Camiv. i;>h<'lt niountaini in tl. > lilies the gicatclt part i! lili water ii> the lunitiici. II day, haviiij; rxcellcnt their tattle: and ihc-fli.\i iiorih welt, and cnscriJ '1 he country is \in looii they arrived uivjn ' met with a pcafaiit vlo he northward, ii'ijuiDii; c was on his yti^ to !■; 1 I'lipply of water at il.:; inue here all iii^lii; anl courle lowardi the well; 'evcral dangerous prcc;- I, aboiit un hour, Ly i the ufieriioon they \m- in ; and in the eveni!::; lo a Diiichinan, liiuaiU liver, called the Crcii- 1 iiij;ht. 'I he Hotitr.!':;<, ) and hemp leaves, lup- Ik. -•uiflon towards the nnnh 2 7ih. Jlicy arrived at t, which contained cbout I h'dU. Having treated t!)C lie n.iii^'"* with lohacc", &c. ihiy, in return, cn- loriaii"'' lliLTn with a d.iiiec, wherein the men Ibrin Kjiiilelves into a ( III le with theii liutes (v.hieli are made of'' irks of trees of difiereiit li/.c») and the ^^,,,,ien tiiind ilieiii, making a noile with their |. iinls. • ■'"'• '111')' continue to dame in parties, and 1 .,ii:r relieved esery now and then by frefli couples, l^c;n the ciucrttiiiiineiit up the whole ni^iit. On the aHtli, they aleended a lleep mountain, Mherchy their wam;oii was very much injured, and -focceiied about thirty miles to i!v wtilward. They u.u-l.f'1 ^ f'oJiii.iin, at noon, called by the inhabi- ,,,i,is Kye I'ountam, where there wen: feveral llot- [ciitot huis, and in the . cveniiiL; arrived at a Iniall |if;.jin of water, where they lelled tliat iii^ihi. The next i^'>y t'"')' pi>il"<"d tii<"ir journey N. by \\\. liiriiunh a mouiitainouj country, and came, about tvcninUi '" •* fn'-i'l fountain ot braekifh water, wliieli hv under a naked rock ol a conical lii;ure, upwards of iJOO fc't bii^b. In the al'ieinooii they diretl<-d •heir courle to the iiorlhward, and arrived in the fVi'iiim;. at till' hoiife of one |an Winder llever, liiiiuie on the Cojipcr-Heii; Kivier ; where, bavint; met a kind reception, they rilt>.'d a few days. Xow, having procured a team oi (ivlli oxen, they loult the iiorili ductlioii, through a rii;;'.;eJ country, where thev ("aw leveral natives at a dilbuicc. Tliey arrived m the t'veiiiiif; at a t'ni.ill louiitain where there wJ« very little water, but bein.; thirty miles didant from tl"" 'K-"^' water, as they weie iiiforined, they »cre rciolved to weather it out; indeed, iliey had (spirieiiced, 'or (cveral da) s, a >;rcat learcity ol woiid •""' water. Some natives beiii.; leen ajiproaeli- ins, armed with b(;ws and arrow.s, our travellers im.iniiieil ihcy were JUilh-lloii^'iitots, and, luadinj; ihcir n'liiS prepared for an attack. However, hav- ing met, the ilran^crs onlv bem;cd foine tobacco, winch was ^iven thcin witli nnuli cheer. One oj ihfiii, who Ipnke Dutch, ini^iriiied the lieutenant thit they had no caltle, but lived upon roots and •urns i and fomeliines feallcd on an antelope, which ihi'v occafioii.illy lliot with their poiloiied arrows. Shortly after one oi the inliabiiaiits of the N'iin>qiia- Liiid overtook our travellers and re(|uelkd them to jcapt of his company to th- (Ireat-Rivcr. Hii na- tion beiiiK at war with the Hulh-I loiientots, he was rJther afraid, a» ih;y frr place was lUiulof (lied, which had been built by an Kuropcan who Iwd lived fomc time on the banks; there being excellent pallurc for caiilo. 'Ihcy had been a whole day without tailing food; fo that they were very glad in hnd a piece of rudy fleih of an hippe)potanius, a fpccies of die', which the Africans are very fond of. Mr. Van Rcnan cat very heai-.ily of it; but a very Imall portion faiisficd the lieutenant. After this rc- gnlc they endeavoured to lleep ; but though thev were much fatigued, they could get no fell for the fright- ful cries uf the hippopotami. On the 6lh, their waggon not being arrived, they 8i. faddlcd their horfes and reliiincd the fa nu- way, lup- poling fDiiie accident had happfiiid to it. On thiir return they found their drtk'ers had miiled the way, and gone more to the eallwi»rt!. Thry dil'eovereii their track, and followed litem lo aiioth' r part of ihi: river. When they arrived, all tlieir llotientois were hunting the hippopotami, having no piovilion in the waggon. 'I'liey bail luiiiteil the while dav witli- oiitfuccils; and one of thcin had been wounded by the animal; but the llnam being r.ipid, h, d driven him off to the oppolitj (hore. They oblVrved levc- ral natives, to whom they made repeated ligns, whicli they did not fecm to underll anil. Having had noihiiu; to eat for the two preceding days, except fonie wild prickly cueuinberi, whieli grew, here in ahiindaiiee, they agreed to return the way thev came; previous to this our travelers aleended i high hill, about a league to the eallward. When ariivedat the liimmit, the) law a large herd of cattle about fix miles to il-.e ealhv.ird; on which thev immediately reiiirned lo the wa.igon with the gl. id tidings, and a lloiienlol was dilp.ueliei! lo bring tbeiii a (beep or a bullock, whatever it fhuuld coll. The mellenger rciuriied in the evening wiili three flieej), and the Hottentots lowborn lluy belonged, who llaved with tliem during the night. Theri.er allunies ,i wellerly diieClioii in this p.irt ; o;i both fides arc large trees, peeiili ir to this coumry. The mountains have, ujimi the whole, a bnircii appear- ance, being ill general ii.ikid roeks; though they are in fimc places adorned by a variety of fuceuleiit plants. On the 71I1, they purfiicd tlieir journey cafleily, along the baiik^ of the river. In il'.eir pro^^refs they law a variety of moil beantirul bird.s; and great iiunU bers of elephants and wild apes. The next day the lieutenant propoled croflim; ilic river with feveral of the Hottentots who were Iwiinnieis. They invented a finall float, leh confilled of three pieces of dry wood, on wlikli they tranlporled ilieir guns and clothes. Alter fwimming aliout half an hour, they gained the oppufite fliore, where ihcy wounded an hippopotamus. Our hero made an exciirfion at noon aleng the mountains, which were fo naked that fearcely a plant was to be feen. Some ofthefe mountains coiifill of a Ipecies of ijuarl?, others )d for- tune to get upon a rock in the middle of the riv er, and their guns beiii'.; loaded they killed one ofthefe animals; the other Ivvaui to the oppi)lite_ fide. Mr. \'an Rrtian's ititeiition was to go to the northward, being inforintd that the camelopardales were in that part of the country, while his fiicnd made exCv.rfioiis to the cailward through a large plain in learch of plants. A fpccies of locuds come down lo this plain at dif- ferent lealons of the year in (ikIi numbers as lo do- flroy moll of the plants. Tlie Hofliiefincn cdecm thcfe inleils excellent food. The locjills arc dried and kepi for life when they have no oiher piovilion. This part of the country abounds with poifonous reptiles. The quadrupeds arc elephants, camelopardales, rhi- nocerofc.s, zebras, kocdoes, elks, tigers, lions, jackals, hyenas, &c. SiC. Oil the 19th, Mr. Van Renan returned. He had Ihoi a camclopardalis, towards the evening, at a great dillance from the water, to which ihey immediately direded their courfe, intending to ferid a Hottentot ne.tt day to (kin the animal. On their return, to 8 .\ their ■'I V ■ m\ 'K m mr m 1 Ilk. ':. 1*:^' ■liU NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TK.WELS. - ill iluir gicu fiirprili-, ;; lion f|'riiii^; ud alvnil 'fiy \,inls IVoin till- place xvliorc llic c,iiiuloiiai> tal.c charge of the bap.gagc, which leiji ircd fotiie guard, from the number of Uulii-Ilot- teiitots wlio iiifelled this part of tiie countrv. They till II (iirctled their coiirlc towards the river, and took with ilum an einpiy calk and a caiiii, which the\ iiad hv the '..aggon. They found the river to be dillaiit Itoin ihciii about eight nulcs, in u direcl line. Tluv ftiw on their ai rival, the remainder of two hippopotami, which they hud (hot fome tiay.s before, thrown out of the rivet. A'lifr rrliedniig th''m!clve«, ihcv Idled their calk and caiin, whiLJi th' lituteiiant and tinoiher carried, leaviii;; their llotieiiiois to liring the cattle, lu t!ie waggon. Tiie b'.Mt of the lun, and tlie fati.;aiiig journey ihev had over the (and, obliged them to expend great part of ihv; water before tlwy arrived at the watigon, wliicli was at (i.\ ill the excning. As (uoii us tlitir o.\cn iirrived, they made another ailciiipt to proceed ; but aftei travelling about ten miles fui'her, their cattle appeared in the lame condition as lielore. It wtis tberelcic agreerl that Mr. \'an Kenan and a compa- iiioi". (iiould no onto the liouie ol one \'andei llcv(r, whiili wjs about liliy miles to the louihwar<; of ihi:, place. .Accordingly, uii the uBih, they faddled tlitir borfes, and left the lieiuenaiit and his p.iity in ii,j, dilagieeablr lituation, wit!;out waier or lire. n,. liiuieiiant lent a 1 loltinloiit lo a reck, ahdiii ii.,, miles dillaiice to the fouih-e.iil, win re there mj, little waier. In the afternoon, being tiriii thi\ had lent to the rock in fearch (| water, lie brought with him about lojty (\\uth which refrelhed iheui and their cattle excccdin"lv' In the night they arrived at the Urack-l''omti!iii. which by this time was almoil dried up : beiii ' niu, ,' fatigiu:, ihcy were vers unwilling to leave il- place. ri;e ii:\l day the lieutenant eni[)l()vr(j ||,. Iloaeniots in digging the founuin .i link- dccicr and, by their exertions, they pnxiired ahujidain; of water, both lor their own ufe and that (if ||)1 cattle. Having left this pl.ice, tluv piiiliird iIk-J journey towaids the Copper-Lei g, in the e.vp.iij. lion of meeting with a lupply of frclh oxen fr. -i their friend V'andcr Iltver. About ten at nKv,i thev perceived a lire ai a dillaiice, and, on ih^^^if airival at the place, bad tliC pleafu-e of iindnH.j Hottentot with twelve luilloi'.s under his care, wind, had leen dilp.iicl'.ed lor our hero's alfidancc. jhey continued toiiavil till ihieeo'diKk in the tnnriiiii> when ilu\ .iiiivid ai the Small C opper-Bcrg-Koan! tain, win re tliey relUd. .At d.iv-break they proceeded on thcii journey , and at nine ti'dock the lieutenant left ihc wubbjii and diretted his courfe through th.e induiiiaindjt p.iit of the country, lo make ohiervatioix. ][( vililid t.ie Copper-.Mines; and brought with ha lever..! Iiccimcns ol the ore, which ii verv riii.. In the evening he arrived at the houle of Vapia llever; and about two hours aiterw.irds hu wv^ti arrivevl. Thev reded here leveral da) ,', niadcuu! exc.iilions, and weie k'lidly entertained. On the 4ih of October, being furniiheii v.ii;i j teamof (redi oxen, they travelled toward;, the loui': ward, and at night arrived at the Sand-Rivci, i ■ water of which they found brukidi. Here il.c remained till morning, and then > iii lued tl:c:r jdui iie\' for about founeeii nulcs, to a ilace where il.r. foiiiid excellent water. Afterwards they jirucccii i to (!alpers-Kloaf, where they remained another ii;;^:. On the levetith, our heio made an cvcurltuti :^ the Camis-llerg ; and the next nmrtiing they pui fued their journey towards the Bokkc-\cld, and, ikir way palled leveral Hottentot kra.ik. AtiW- I.ye-Fountain they iiiei a pcafant who had iravelnl Aoin the Cape, and was going towards the Oran:i River. On the totii, they proceeded to (he C"rccii-Rn>i, where they refted during the heat of ihi; day ; .tiul : , the afternoon travelled about (bur miles iurili(r i the (outh-eall. 'I'he nexi day iliey were inlriic i of a much better path than that which tiu) 1,:, already traverfed, and which they relolvcd m i,im thev tri\elled the whole diy, and at iii^lit ariu'dj a linall ilreain of water, luppoled to he the TIk!!: River, where they tigreeil to lemaiii till the nioiru: ;. laily on the i.iih, llie lieuten.int ali elided .i ht;, tiioiiniain to the louthward, which alfordcd iiiii i Very exienlive view of the country to the call, .ind the plealure e)( obfeiving they had taken the i\i,k path. .Alter travelling about (ilteen mihs, tluv came to the houle of it Dutchman at I'wo-Fount.nr, (ituated to the (oiilh-ead of the Camis-llerg, whtic they procured provilions for a week, as they h^d an extenlive country lo pals before thev could lejcli the Hokke Veld. hroiii ihis they proceeded to ilx I'horti River, whcie the) repol'ed during the heat ol" the W'ELS. laiu and Ins p.iriy in d,;, out vdicr or liro. j |,^ lilt (o ;i rock, al)'nii iin li-LMit, whirc t!)tic wi, , Don, bcin^ lirij ol (l,j , nakc !l ihiul l-ll'oil ; ;;i;o iihlr til proci-L'd, to Icav.' the Oriiiij^c- River, bn,.- of water. \'cry liuiilv r ihnn ihey cxpctlcd, ai\l fancJv dcCari ; in wlml, ^ lo be (ccn except niicc were obl'crvcd in (;ro,,; iMiinn lli'-y met the lloi, to liie rnik in Teirch i.| him about foiiv (]ii;ri. tlieir ealllc cxcccdin^lv.' , at the ln L-forc tlicy could rcjcli iHc they proceeded to ilx epol'ed during the heat of tlw LIKUi r.M.VN 1" I'A i TEilSONS TRAVELS in AI'RIC.\.' 727 (lie dav. 1" ''■'-■ afuMiiooii tliev eontiniicd ti.eir initriiey to the Haitebeeil-Rivier, and leinained liier- --'1 111;-;'"- ():1 tl'.e i4i!i. tl'.ev futitul the IiiMekI"oiiiit:iin ,,.,,rly diicd up, and lo bitter that il-.eir cattle re- filled to drill'- of the water. Here, however, they ll.ivid all iii;-;ht, and early the next inornin;; pro- rdcd on their journey towards t'u; l.ion's-lJeii, MJicre they ilatteieil ll.eir.lVlvcs with the liopcs of tiiulini; walci : ^ilt were dilap|iointed, lor not a liii'dc diop ol water was dilVoverahle in tliis place. TJu'V, however, uinoked their ealile, and relK-d aboiit two hours. In ihe al'ternoon they proceeded .mjrds the Smik-l'ouiitain, which was diltaiu about ihirtv miles. In ih.- i:'"' t'lev hdl ilieir way, and \u-ie ohliy',ed to deep in ills i'. y deiait. Karly on the idth, they law tlie I'okkc-Lands- Rotjcn to the fouth call of them, about twenty miles. 1 lie" lieutenant and Mr. \'an Kenan left the ,(,-r.i)n at an early hour, direetinj; their conrl'e to (he I5''kke-I. and ; and lent a IVelli team td' o ■ 'i liom thence to relieve the others, whieli were nrciilv raii;.;ii'-"il, and fearcely able 10 Hand, in coii- Icqiiciue of the iiijuiv they had vcteived in their hoofs from the (iiaip Hones. The next day lliev brought their v.ac,i;on to the hoale of .Mrs. Ryck. Onr iravclhr's intention was 10 crols the country, iVoin this jil ice to tlic great nation of {'alTres, which is about nine hundred miles ij the ibiitii-call ; but lindini; both their oxen and w.ici'dn in very indilferent order lor lo Ion;; a jour- r.cv, the lieutenant .iliercd his plan, and co'iceived the dcli^n of m.ikm'T an excurlmn to the lleiuiim, and part of the I5olhiel"men's-Land. This day they had k'vetal loud clajis oi tliuii('.er, and heavy rain. •jhe variable Hate of the wtaiher detained our tra- vellers here fevrral diy. Havm; h'ft tlie llokke-I.and, they direftcd their co'.irfe tall'vard, and arrived, on the twenty-third, al the hoiife of C'hriltian IJockcluTe, wdure they naired the ni;;hi. The following day tlnv had llor- mv wcilher, and heavy (bowers n{ rain and lleet; and towards the evrnini% had and liiow. The next niorninj^a Icverc frod killed nioll of the corn, wdiich .11 this time was about a foot in hei'dit ; a cireiim- (Ijiice which in this pait of the country often hap- pens. On (he twcnty-rcvenih, the lieutenant made an i'\ciirfion to the tiorihward, whiih is called the |!ii(!iielincit's-I,ii'd, from its being iiih ibited by the ll'idi- Hottentots, who arc a veiy dilleient people from the other peaecabh; and well-dilpoled inha- hilantj of this region. 'I'h'-y are 111 fait, heree, cruel, and dilhonei!, In this tour our hero vilited a houle hcloiij;ing to a Diltchinan, wdio had lived here lor niiiv vars. A few weeks before their arrival he had Iktii atiatked bv the IJodiiefinen, wiio bad killeil Inir of his Hottentots, and woiiiuU d another, 'i'liele nuraiiders tarried away alio Icii.il of his cattle, niiicli he was never able 10 recover. llaviii'.; left the Hi iitiiin on the jijth, they returned iDtlic Hokke-Lands-llergci), intending to return to ihi: Cape, along the iliiire of the .\tlaiiiie Ocean — Ihit w hen they arrived at the Mokke • I .and, on the ^ 1 (I, ihov were compelled to remain there Ieveral days, horn the Hate of the weather, which was very rainy and variable. 'l"hey took leave id" llus place on the li\ih of \'ov;inber, accompani.-d bv two lo;is ol .Mrs. Kvck, and an overlecr of Mr. Van Renin's farms, in tins part ol the country, who wm,s going on .1 (hooting piriv. Our traveller alfo partook of the diverfion, iml left the wagB;on to proceeil to u jilaec called the l.i in's-Datice, where they intended to (lav all liight. "Ihcir wav lay through a low country of a clayey loil, I illed Karo, 'I'hey law much game ; and the ler- vant of Mr. Van Renan, being an exeellent markf- iiian, (licit two (dk», both of wdiiih were much larger than an Knglidi bullock : the (ielh o\' thi animal is palatable though dry. At night they returned to the Lioin-Dance, where they found their waggon : and early the next (lay they parted with tlv.ir (Vieiuls, and directed their couile louiii-wef!, having the l;ld^i>e. I.and.s-liergen on their kit li md, and the .'Vilaiitic Ocean on thcii right, at the dillaiiee ol uboiii il.iisy miles. They '.ravelled the whole day and till mid- night, when they found a tountain of brackifii water. 'I'hey relied at the Tide of tliis fountain the remaining; part tif the night. On the bth, the lieitlenant and Mr. \;ui Rcnao left the waggon, and diie£led their courfe well-iiorth- wed. In the afternoon they arrived at the Ldephant's- River, and found it lo ikep that their liorks (wain about ten yards. '! hey loon reached the oppolitc Ihore, where, at a little didaiice, was tjic houle of a l)utchm„' who had lived ni.inv yejrs on the banks of this liver, and kept a filial! boat kir Ir.iiilportiiig wag- gons, in time of neccllity . I'hey (laved here, wait- ing for their waggon, and dried ilieir clothes. The (ollowing day was employed in traiil'porting their ba"iz.ige over the river. 'Ihe country around is rather iiai ed of trees; but produces a great variety of I'lic- culeiit plants. 'I'hey were lurnilhed by their bene- volent ludl will) a team of (ielli oxen, whieli were nccellary to enable them to jials tluaugli a (lee[) laiidy plain; and were accompanied by a pealaiit of .'nc Niuiiqua-I.ar.d, who was travelling towards the ("apo. They contirued their journey about iwcnty miles to the fouthward, and at night came to a large cov?, called the Hcer-Lodliement (i.e. gentlemen's lodg- ings) where tlicy relied till the next day. In tl.:: afternoon they proceeded on their journey through a rleep while faiidy plain. They travelled till midnight, when thev found a little water, near which they (lal- led the night. The next morning they proceeded to a fartn, called the i.ong-\alley, which is ddlaiit from thi: I'.lcphant's-Rivcr about (ixty mile.s. He:: they daycd all night, and were, as uiual, holpitably en- tertained, f rom this place they diretled their cotiiie cad by fouth, along the valley. In the night k.'Uic animal Iprung out of a but'/, which lo greailvalarnicd their oxen, that it w.iswith diiliculiy they could keep them dill. Ihey fiippoled the iioile to proceed from ,\]\ hyena, as the.' heard the cries of thole animals lome time alter at a very conhderablc dillancc. On the fourteenth, they arri\ cd at the Herg-\'allcy, where tlicv ftayed all nigiit, at tl'.e houle of Julias Engcl- bright. 1 he lieutenant now thrpatchcd his waggon, on the fifteenth, tow.irds tlie I'lcrpict-Herg, and together W'tb his companion paded the dav in this place, where he (hot variety of birds, which he found in great abundance. The next day they proceeded on their piiiniey ; paded a place called the {'rode, where the Merg-\'allev joins the \'cnlorc-\'alley, and both alfunie a wellwaid diretlion. At noon they over- took the waggon, and reded the afternoon at the houle of a Mr. Smith. I'owards the evening, the lieutenant an I Mr. Smith made a diort excurlion towards tlu 'nil, and took each of them a gun. On their rct'i n thev (hot four large llamingoes, from fiHir to live and lix feel long. 1 hey law alfo the ' Yellow Snake, or Covra-C'apel. .Afterwards they directed their courfe along the I'ieiiuet-Hcrg, on the lide of the large chain of mountains wdiieb commences at the end of the Hottnit)ua- Land, and extends through the interior part of the country to about iwentv miles from the Atlantic Ocean. 1 11 the after- noon thev arrived at the houl'e of a I'Jui -',,.ian, where th. y dayed all night, and were well entertained. — This farin is fruitlul, produciiij^ plenty of European fruits and corn. On the lytb, tlie lieutenant made an exrurfion to the top of the mountain, where he had a view of the Table-I.aiid to the (outhward, didant about (ixty or (evcntv miles. The mountain is well watered, and is covered with variety of grafs. There is alio a (ami here belonging to Mr. Haiia Camp, whyrc he kept part of his cattle during liimmer ; but in ilie winter it is often covered with (iiow. On our hero's return he law Ieveral zebras, whidi inhabit the niuuiituin i ^ .1' :'HM:i « , I;' ' ' 'a j; , i , :' ii, J ii'. i '"1 rti''?riil fc Im Ii I 4w. NEW COLLKCTION ok VOVAGKS A->n i'RAVKLS. mountain; liiit ,ts ilicy arc not found in confiilrr.iUlc ininibcrs, (luHitiiii; lljcm is proiiibilcf:. After rcfrtlli- ing hiinlilf, lie followed his \v;is;i;on, nnd towards liic evening overlook it. About niidniglit iliey came to the ncre;-Rivier, wlicre there is a ferry; they conti- nued here duri!'g the remaining part of the night ; and the next morning the lieutenant anil Mr. Van Rcnan left the waggon^ and traverlcd Black-Land, leaving tiic Ric-Hetk'sCalHel on their left. In the afiernoon tliey palfed the Swart-I.and's cluireh, and at night Ciii;c to the houfc of C lafs Lopfer, wj-.ich is fiiualed on the ')rip i^iver. lie was jult arrii.,i from the (ape, and l:ad brought witii liiiii fnu'e c\. relli-i;t wine, lo wj.icii lie v^iv lil" •>■ nuule ();: tiavillers wilcome. Heme tlicy direfUd ll.eir cdiir • along the C'amis-lierg, and obleivcd ihe farnieis ii(,., engaged in their harvelt At itoon they ennie t;) a place belonging lo the Dutch comjiany, called I';|;,. ers-Hook.. wlierc they rtlicfhed iheinlelves, and;, ihe afternoon proceeded on their w.iv, aiui ,;ii;^, joiiiney of lix nionilu arrived authe Capc-iou: November iO, 1778. C II A P. III. ^ ; t fii ) :ii' i r^ii'. 'J'/o — ProdfJ to C'ffratiu — Miitiiurj, Qimimtnts, i^c. tj the PecpU — Difaiplion of the Cbirf — QJ the Qui:tr)~ Ibcir R:t: iiulul in iiiakim uj^ij ,;. whicii the Duuh term Kffen, or Afh. Ilunccil'i. proceedci; lo a hinile beautifully fiiuaicd on the htvL of a pleafant river, called (alilcows-Rivcr, from j i;!l; which goes bv th.il name, and which ii a [^i-i.^. of cod, being found near us inouili. 'J ius bcii'- being the ptoperiv of Mr. \ an Kenan, our ttiivciic, Itaid here a da\', ai.d Mlited the fliore, wiiicli l^ 1 n: about an Lnglilh mile dillai.i. Among tl.c riKki they found aljundance of oyitert, which were vcn gooil. Ihe larni proiiucci plenty ol corn, wine, s-.l Kuropean funis, and the palliirc here i» cxctlic',! ; , cattle. On the ajd tliey prorecded to the fanKiiKsS vier, wbeie they idled diiiin:; the heat of l!i: i :v On the banks ol this river aie woods of vcr-. I, ; trees, which are generally IreijUenlcd by wild l".'i Iocs lo veiy lierce, as lo render iravelliii,; l.vf abouis exceedingly dangerous. In the alicfP" 1 they were accompanied by a feivaiit of Mr. '^i Renan, who was going lowaids the Lone K;., .\l)out leu o'clock at inglu, tluv arrived at tin ''..■■ where their uagg)ti alieudv was, and to the, r^,: furprile (hey law a wiKl bullalo Handing dole 1 which they at liill to.ik lot one of ilie oxen, ik' : they could alceiiaiii uhethet this wa) the calc cm 1 :, it Ipriing into the wood. Ilrncc ilii-y pioeei-ded, louih by ead, ihrini.'.ii n uneven coiinti), and in the evening came to \.:', ,Sia(la's Rivier, wlieie they oldei ved a bfautiful v» H;i upon the declivity of a lull, cxiending lu i!:ev'':v banks of the river. On li.e iGih, our licio viliii>l r (• lea fliore, which was live or fix miles ii' I't fouibwaid. About a thoiilai>d vaids fioin ife Kj, tli<- inouih of the river roriiis a lake, bem^ diiiii'iu-d up iiy a bank of land, which cMCiid> 2luiii{ ilit llioie. Ill the alieriiooii ihey caiitinuKi llieii jiiut- ney iliroiigli an cxicnlive jjlain, where they 11 ei nisi nuinuuui \ V E L S. LIEUTENANT PATTERSON'S TRAV'eLS in AERICA. 7^9 ■r. lie w.is jull ,itrjt. d iiij^lu villi lilui I'r.wc ex- w ly lili'"-.;lly liuult- ()',;r I'icy (liri-flul ll-.cir Kiiir,- ubiiivcd ilii- liinm-is \.<,., \\. noon they inmc ii j h company, called I;l.,. L'fhi'il lluMiiitlvi's, and ; , II their \\,\y, and ,:li;:_, ivcd aUlhe Cuj't-ioii,, ^«^ ,«y-yss /^;5S^;ya-/^_- ti^ni J ,1 1; B s r. V — /li ((,mfm;i(Ji /; Km/- /.i»«./j Uti^hi — OL'-.'r (7 hop's J\niiti-~l'hl: i,/ „• ioiv-t.l'n — Mcil ■u.'Uv l:; ': I'.ippHis bii J'iiJcr — .y^p;... . nil I i'l>- A'/C'f » — Ta .\jv,. r Cbirf—OJtbe Qunir,- oliToiiK- for catilc. K* II very n-.uch iinprovrd j! v.ilcd ronihtui, (;,irrfc;i., cr.il iirc |)ull( lied ul vcr. j'Munry a'.onir tlii$ vj! {y^ m>, and 111! ihc «uh jtii. r, which runs lhrMu;h i 1 by two ridi;i > of hi.h.Li c I ..jn)5C-kh)ir. At : ' Jol hay, which muy ilToil '1 his pail of the Cijji; n il.iily lo the- r.ilh 11,, 1 lace, called Klfciilii-:,:, ukIuI in mahiii.; ^^Jiii; c,., II, or -Vfh. 1 liiiitc 111. fulU (iiuaicd oil the luiit (ahlcows-Rivcr, from a lie, and which i< « fjiecii' Its mouth. '1 ilii bou'- \ an Renaii, our iravtiic, d t!ie fliore, whieii m c :•:■ liant. Ainof,;; tl.e tticlii oyilcri, which xvctc \(\\ plenty 'if corn, wiiir, :i'.l allure here i» cxccht'.t ; tdtd (o the raiti[<'ii:s K II 111^ the heat of i!v; , :• r aic woods of vcr'. '.. ; frc(jueiiicd by wild !".'i ) render tr«vel!iii^ !.ir- roils. In liic aiu'in • ; »y a feivant of .\Ir. ' .i owaids she Lone U... iluv arrived at tlu ' - ' ds v\a<, and lo llic.r i • iillalo Uandint; iluie I lie of ihc oxen. Ik' CI thiJ was the cjfc en i (ouih by calf, ihrmi.vni ihc evening came H) \^~ ohletvcdabcauliluUxii nil, extending lu ll'.c vrv the iGih, our heio vilii^t live or fi.x miles ' ' '' = iilanii vatdN fioiii d.c K-, ■nu a lake, bein^ d.iiiPiw.l which cxic.id. il"ii< 'l- ihey cantinuid ihcii j^mf- plain, where they iiel iMii nuui'.roui nimieroii.'i licrd.s of di"eroiit animals peeiilinr to liiis coiinirv. fill h as th.c zebra, thi.s place lay in their way. Bcina •> "'■"' ^*^" 'icMii limed with the country, and the nianncr.s of the naiivcs, hi.s r.ii.ipany was e'|nally accepiable. I'iiey p.iiicj the Swart-kops-Rivicr at iioon. 7,out-Pan, wh;ch is fiiualc in this nei^libonrnood, \s an ol'jctl that cannot fail to uiraft the atteniion ,if iiavellers. Thi^ lake is a plain much above the level of the lea, and between three and four miles in circumference. At I'omc fcalons of the year it is firmed into an entire mafs of fine white fait, vliich has a very llriking appearance. 'J lie heavy .jiiis had dilfolved the middle part of it, a lli'>rt lime before the arrival of our travellers ; but round tlic lid'"* *'••* •• '^'""^ <^'"" "' '•''' c'XdtUy rcieinhlni'.; ice. 'fi.e adjacent country is covered with vaiieiy ot liuierceni and fueciilcnt plants. They were here vifiied by two Cailrcs, the firft thcv li'"' y*^' ''■■'^" ■• ''"^ ''''V ^'^^y ''^''*"'" venture lo fir oiil I'f 'heir own country. At nis;hl they arrived at a place, called by the iloiicniois KowCba, which istnuth frequented by biillalocs, rhinoeerolcs, and lioni. The foil i> of a (andy loam, and produces excellent [allure for cattle, bwl no corn ; there is, however, IK) proot that ilie land is nut fit to pro- duce gram, for no care is taken rcfpcclin^ cultiva- tion at this d»(lancc (iom the C.ipc. On the *9ih they purlucd iheir journey to the eallwarili towards the Sundays. River. the lace of ihe counirv, at this pl.iee, has a very b.irrcn appear- ance ; but It produces a variety of arboreous plants, lliouch vcrv few of any confiderable height or fizc, which dciiionilr.ites the poveity "f the foil. On tlicir way the. faw grea, numbers of wild dogs, which travel io Hocks, and are very dellruclivc when they get where there are ilocki of Iheep. 1 hcle wild doi^s are eouimon near the Cape. I'hey are imuh lander than the piekall, with lar;e irregular blotchc" or Ipots on their Ikin. After a very dil- I'recihle day's iiuieh, ilir )u.;li a dry (lony country, ihev arrived at iiighl at l!ie Sundays-River, which is diilant from the Cape- 1 own about nine hundred miles. Next day the lieutenant vifiicd one of the Dutch boors, who had rehded in that part of the country lor many vcars. This man was pollelled of nu- nicrmis herds of cattle ; bin had no corn, and Icarcc- Iv a lioulc to live in, ilunigh the place was favour- able for both. JJut the generality of tlude pe.iple are of (o indolent a ililpolilion, that ilie;, leldom irouble thcmfelves either to build houles or to cul- iivaie the ground. Such as are inclined to be mdul- tiioiis, and Willi to make the moll of their advantages, never fail in deriving the lought-lbr henchi.s, Mr. Tunics look his leave of the lieiiten.uit on ilie ili;riylirll, and hu pi. ice was lupplied by Jacob Kock, an ohi lieriiian. Mr. \'an Renaii and the licuienani wdit on towards ihe (ileal Filh-River. At noon they overlook their waggon, at a place which, in thv' I lotlentot language, is called Cutnow. They were iniorined by iheir fervaiils, thai they had hccii dilliirhed in the night by fonie elephants, which came very near the waggon. T'bcv proceeded m the afietnoon lo a plantation, called the Saiul-lTeet, bclongingto iheir lellow traveller |aeob Kock. I he countiy here is extremely beautiful and pic- tiirclqiie, very hilly, and the hills are lliaded with im- pciieir ihle woods j the vailies well watered and co- vered with grain, which attonls excellent pailure for cattle, (ircat numbcri of quadrupeds inhabit ibis 8i. neighbourhood, fuel) as p.inllief.s, lion.s, elephants. Ipring bocks, butialoes, &c rhinocerofcs, . ^ . At a little dillanec to the eallward aic lomc kraals helonging to the tribe of llotteiilois, called Chcnacqiias. T'hel'e people are much darker in ilicir complexion, and beiier fhapcd than any of the other tribes that were before leeii. Wlifther this difTcrcncc allies from their mixing \nth the Callre.;, fcveral of whom dwell in this part of the country, or from any other caul'e, our hero could not .dcertaiii. It is not very un- common for i!ie (.allVes and Clioiiuccjiias to qii.iriel, which generally ends in an engagemenl. In thefc encounters feveral hundreds ot the Caffre.s rotnetiifics i-.iiiie :o (ippole ilieii enemies, who very leldom bring a pre.portionable force int.) the field. Jiut (he dex- terity \. iili which the IKuientots ufe their Lows and arrowv, and the puitliec ol poifonini; il;c latter, ren- der liiein ver> daiigerou.s oneniie.s lo thofe who only ule the l\:'i.ig u The d.l'pute:, between tlKTe people gene; ally oi.gioate about taitle, of VNhieh both na- tioi ari- leiiidikdhlv giied\. 1 liey now proceeded e.dlward, lo (he R'ldiierinan'.s- River, and al iiooo our lieit) viliied a kra.d belong- ing to a llotieniot c.iptain, caileo l)eRo)iei. 'Ihi.i iiiiin has iipward.s of two hundred : iotteiUots and Caf- fres 111 hi» i.-rvice, and a few hours before their ar- rival, had fought againll a number of Ca;iics, and taken many of their tattle, having bcaaii tliein en- tirely olFlI.e field. AfUT fome time, they reached a lake of i)r;ickini walei on I-ebruaiy the hrll, and ilayed here the whole night. They intended to |)rofeeu;e their jour- ney early the following morning, hut inilhng their cattle, their hrll care was todifpatih their lluucnlols 111 fearch of them. In a few hours one of the men returned and informed our travellers, that they bad been Iftdeii by the Callre.s, that ihey bad difeerned the prims of their feet, and law, fiom tracing them that the cattle had been driven toward^ a village be- longing to a Callre captain, whole name was Mah- botie. A melleuger was nninediatcly difpalched lo the other Hottentots, with an order that ihey Ihonid follow the i)alh wf the caule till they found them, which ihey did. They returned v\iih thcin towards the evening, aiul inlurnud the Iieuten.iiu that they were found » luile way from the kraal. One of the CafFrc ;d our travellers that they had taken the cattle 1 'lake, as the evening was dark, .ind ihev thought ti. . hch.ngcd to liie lloltentots with uliuni they had fnught ilie d i before. I'hoiigh it w.i* now late they continued i i journey about tventy miles. In the night they arrived it a place, ca ' d the Ka Cha Chow, which is on o| tiie bianehes of the noihiefinan's-River, and where their companion, Jacob Kock, had fotmcrly his refnlencc. T'lr.. old German accompanied our travellci.^ i)n the 3d) to the (Jrcat f'ifli-Rivcr. 'I'hence ihov purlucd their journey to the eallward, through .1 jdealant country, though (juite uninhabited. '1 here are numerous herd-, of (ju.idrupeds 10 be found here, and lucli the amazing lieighl of the grals, that u reai ' d their holies bellies. This pari ol the couiiii agreeably diverlihcd with lillle pie. il, mi woods r die declivi- ties of the hills. In the evening ihey came to a place, calleil Now-Tio, and ihe ne.xt day at noon reached p. fm.ill river, which at this time was almoll dry; here, however, ihey relied a few hour.s, feeing a herd ot' bnllaloes at a dillance from ihem, which they intend- ed 10 amule themlelves with lliooiing in ihc afiernooit, .After dinner they divided ihemlelve.s into different parlies, and as loon as they were within lliot they at- tacked the buffaloes ; ihey were about an hundred in mimber; live of them they fhoi, Ionic of which were iiiuih heavier ihan an European bullock ; the oiherj lied into a wot)d, which was about a mile to the cad- ward of them. Mr. Kock hatl the animals Ikinned ; ihcir hides making fuib excellent thongs for oxen ih.it they are preferred to every oilier material for this purpofe. At night they .irrived at the I'llli-Rivcr, where ihey Ilayed iwotlays. Huring llic night ihev 8 V had i' its! 1 1' ■. « 1'': ' !, M ^f lilHiii mi UK mi ^ 1 ^-T*,^-:- T-"^Tyf«t7* , 73 r!0 NKW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and i RAVELS. |...| i I '■» "H< -( 'il 1 ■ i'"/. had heavy (liowcrs of rain, witli loud claps of thun- der. Here the river alluiues a loi.iihorii dircfclion, and empties iilelf into tl\c great Indian Ocean, at about twenty miles dillance. 'J'hc dccpcU parts of the river arc inliuhiied hy the hippopotami, and the adjacent woods hy hullaloes, rhinocerofes, and ele- phants. Mr. Van Renan having ajtreed to (lay with the wags;on, there heing iKipoflibility as yet of getting it through the impenetrable woods, the lieutenant and Mr. Kock proceeded eaderly towards the Caffrcs, being informed that they could reach their country ill two or three da\ s. '1 hey took with tl)oni an Hot- tentot who was perfctllv ac(juaintcd with the l.mgiiago ofihcCaftres. In palhiig through the thickets on the banks (if the Filh-Ri\or, they encountered con- fideiahle difficulties, till ihey fortunaltiv got into an elephant's path, in which they continued till nrictor of the nume- rous herds of cattle. Tlule people fiihlid on the milk of their cows, and on game, not heing allowed to kill any of their caitle. 'I he men milk the rows, and the women lake care of the gardens and corn. Our travellers were urcompanieil by all thele people from one .iilage to another, till llxy airise plant, and afirrcdl- lefiinga luthcient quantity, let it lie (or Icvcral d,,vs till it becomes a little four; after this they bake it in an oven which is crefled for the putpolc. ihcv alio bake bread (d' their own corn, whicli is the lami- as the (aiiiiea corn. Jiiil this grain is mofllv lifcd (or making punch, called h\ fome of thcni Punihio wliich is diongand intoxiealing. The turn amonall the ( adtes ate from (ivt feet ten inches to In f,.„ high, and well proportioned, and in general fvmct ureal courage in attacking lions, or aiiv bea!!( i-i prey. I his nation, at ihis time, was divided ir,M two parties; to the northward were a number of them 1 oininanded by one Ch.itha lUa, or Tainiiulliu-, tih'i had obtained the latter denomination from Ins ine.ihtr a woman of the tribe of Hottentots, called Tanibii' kic This man wa.s the (on of a chief, called Ilia. roa, who died about tliice vears before, and left ctn hmv, I ha (ha Uca, an 1 aiioihei named Dhrika, v,h.. c lainied the (uptemc .luilioiity on account of his irui. ther Ixiiig <>f the Caffre nation. This occalioncd j coined between the two brctheiJ, in the cnHrlc n: which Ch.i Cha Hea was driven out of hii terriioti:-, with a number I'oiiri. y the plcaranincfs of |]k ■d fiiriiKTtoihe call, but iitic It) the eallward «( reiuriiiiij; the fame »jy nwj here in abundarc?, 'res as well as ilic Hoitcn.' 'ihis plant, and aficrol. let It he for fcvcrjj d,i\s after this they bake u lor the piirpolc. lhc> I corn, which is the Ijmc [hiJ grain is moftly ufcd \ funic of them Pnniliif, lini;. 'Ihc menamonjii et till inclies to (ix fen I, and III m'licrjl fvmcc lions, or any bcadi o! tunc, was divided mi.i d were a number of il'fm lU-.i, or 'lanilmlliu-, uh'i ninationfrom Ins iinnhtr, )ti( mots, called Taiiilii. 1 of a chief, callrd I'l;.,. car* before, and Icli cm I her named Dfirika, vh.i ly on account of Ins nw. loi), '1 Ills occaliiiiied i other*, in the cmirlc o: en out of hij terrisdric", rent*. The iiiifiirtu:ia;c dred miles In the iioriti- (ided, and had enuul liefmcn llotleninis. lie black, their tcclii wdiic The clothing (if boiii infill iiijT cniircly of ih,- » pli:int as doih. Th- iniinals tied r<>is for tobacco and dacka. 'Ihcy ,,. cNiienioly fond of dogs, which they exchange brcuilc. ^"<' '■' f"ch a height do they carry this ijljon, tli.it if one particularly picafes them, they III oivc two bullocks in exchange for it. 'I'iieir hole exerci'.e ihiou^h the day is hunting, lighting, dancing. 'I'bey iirc expert in throwing tlieir and in time of war ule lliiclds made of the hides of oxen. The women (as before oiiferved) .employed in making balkets, and cultivating their .irdens and corn ; they alio make the mats on which ilicv (h'*"!'- I hey rear feveral vegetables, which arc ^indigenous to their country, fiich as water-melons, uibacc"' licinp, and a fmall fort of kidney-beans. ■|i,(. men have great pride in their cattle ; they cut their horns in fiich a way as to be able to turn them ;.,(,) any (liapc they picafe, and teach them to anfwcr ,»hirtlc. Some of them ufc an inllruuient fir this iifpofe, finiilar to a nolhiei'iiiair.s pipe. When they wilh tlicir cattle to return home, tiiey go a little way frnin the houfe and blow tliis i.nall inilrumcnt, whicli • |„jde of ivory or bone, and fo coiillrutled as to (,c heard at a great dillance, and in this manner [jj|[,,T all their cattle home without any dilliciilty. The foil of this country is a blackidi loamy ground, and l>> extremely fertile, that every vegetable fub- ft.ince, whctiier fown or planted, grows with great luxuriance. There arc great variations in the cli- niitf ; it hhloni rains except in the lummer fealon, »hcn it is accompanied with tlui..;!er .ind lightning. The counliy is, hc>we.'er, extremely well liipplied »ii!i water, not only from the higli lai.dto the north, which fiirnilhes abuiidance throughout ihe year, hut frfiin many fountains of excellent water, which arc found in ihe woods, wherein are various arb.ireous planis foiiie of a great h.'.e, and a number of bulfa- Ities, I'Icplunts, i&c. alfo a variety of beautiful birds and liuiieillies. Iiavnu; returned to their waggon, they were jfcoinpanied by the chief and about fix hundred of Ins lervants or foldiers, who followed them till lUKin, when they took leave of them. 'I'hey then diffcled their courfe towards the Great Fi(h-River, where they (layeil all night ; and on the lOtb, left ihi'ir Hoiicntot, with a gun, as he was lo much faiii'ucd that he cou'.d not keep pace with them. On the iJih iliev proceeded on their return by the route they had before taken. This day they were over- lakcii by the Hoitcniot, who on his way had (hot two rhimicf roles, and brought part of the (lelh with him, which proved good eating, being very youn^ and tender. About evening they arrived at the Now-Tio. Mr. Van Renan left the waggon, accompanied by (bins Hottentots, with an iiiiention of Ihooting at a herd of buffaloes, which tliey obferved at about the dif- lance of a mile. Before they returned there wcri; many loud claps of thunder, with lightning and heavy rain ; and it became fo dark that they loll their way. On accf>uiu of the rain, thofc left behind could make no fires till about nine, when the llorm was much abated, and then they lighted fcvcral, which the wanderers foon faw. About ten they ariived at the waggon, Mr, Van Kcnaii having fallen into the river, the only accident which happened to them. On the 13th they milfed their cattle, and dif- patched their Hottentots in purluit of them, who returned in the evening without having obferved any traces of them. Accordingly the lieutenant and Mr. Kock (addled their horfes the next morning, and diretting their courfe through the country in fearch of them, found ihem at the liofhicfman's- River, about twenty miles dillaiit. 'I'hcy tlieii, with foinc of Mr. Kock's Ilottentot.s, returned. When they had reached Cableows-Rivier, they agreed to remain in that place a few davs. Here they were fupplied with great variety of fruit, as it was in the height of the leafon for grapes, peaches, water-melons, &c. &c. Having taken leave of their hofpiiablc friend, they diietkd their coiirle fouth by well, towards the lioufc of their companion Mr. Kock, which is fituate on the /ie-Koc-Rivicr, or Sea-Cow-River, fo called from its being formerly inhabited by the liip,u)pt>taini. Here many of their oxen fell lick, having --. ght a difeafe called the klow llckncis, which rage; among the homed cattle in the lummer, and afl'eiils their lioofs fo nmcb that tlicy drop off, and numbers of the cattle die. Mr. \'an Renan difpatchcd one of bis Holteniois to his father's hoiile, who returned to them with a fupply of frefli cattle. 'I'liey then proceeded wellward. On the firtl of March, in the evening, they ar- rived at the iioufcof a Dutchman, where they refled that night, and the next day palled the Kromc-Rivier. In a few days they arrived at the boiifc of (jiic Veraira, a wealthy farmer, where they had the mor- tification to find their cattle in the fame condition as before, and thofc they had brought from the Cab- Icows-River Hill worfe than the others which had previoufly fullered. .After a journey of three months, the lieutenant having left Mr. Van Renan with the waggon, arrived at the Cape, March the 23d. CHAP. IV. fhf fjriti-it(itt',tiuBi!ipamed /'v Mt: SrJajUan Fan Renan, widrrlakf! his Foi;rtii Journf y — PrcnrJ loztiirJs Glccna' Kl.af — Arnxr at KieJieck'i Ci/lir — Ber^-Kivm — I'laiuet-lin"^ — Ibe-Ciou — Loji liil/t'y — Enlerliiiurd h Mr. (ii4rj/—l.,iiij^e.f'',i//i'^ — y,ukj!i-l ,rH(y — Ihiy lojf tbiir // <;v — ki'iich ibe Uoiife of I'fttr Fun Syi — li'aggon il.ituged — i\'f/ft Cnlijuel Garden — Sifijral.' in ,1 dijffrcnl Route — Anivr tit Bokki'-ydd — ihorn-Rivcr — Meet ait Ihlltntot nil the It'iiY to Lnn'i-lh-n — Mnfortmu-s — I'ijited ly fncral linjhiefmcn — J'nceid to Brack-Fountain — ILvlfheijI-Rivi.r — Three ■I'oiini.iin — (ireen-Ruier — Meet ('.olnr.el (i;idon ufain — Examine Camis-Berg — Meet a Pfiifwl and Defirler — Advifed by the h'aliin not to proceed — Lieiitrnant Patter/on and Ccloiifl G(.rdon feparale c^.:!* — 0>ntiii;i itiono/tbe 'Y'tuiney — I'a/s fcvcral dangerous I'lacci — A Letter from tbe Colonel — Hollcntcts murmur — The (hlonel joins again tbe Party — (Jhfervations — Tbe Cattle drop for ITant of Graf and ITalei — Reach a fountain of exreiunt ll'atrr — Proceed Sorlbivard — A Companion of tbe Colonel's loft — A lar^e I 'alley difo-vcred — ■ I'iml an OJirirb .Wjl — Reriaris — hind tbe Colonel's (.'ompanion — Meet with Kild Men, (t'c. — Adventures — Rejl at U'liter fal — Arrive at Ije- I'ountjin — Cork- bniiniain — I'ljitcd hy feveral Simiijuas — Further Ptogrels — Meet feveral Hottentots— Curfory Remarks — Finding feveral Natives eating tbe Gums of the Trees — Olliged tn dig Pits for II atcr -'Thunder Chads nf'l'-tvid — l'if:ed !y L'ii/'j U-'ttentets — Continuation of the Journey — Arrive at Uicr-Lodjicment — Supplied with frejb Oxen — Return to the Cape. Li KUT. Pattcrfon, accompanied by Mr. Sebalf ian try is chiefly the Dutch Company's properly. Having Van Kenan, now iinderttiok his iourih journey. palled a heavy land, they anived at a butclier's They proceeded to l ■ li i' 1 .fl ^ ]H. I ■ ''i' y >' J 'HA I'' l^ : 'i ■ j£i i V ;'►''}' KJa m 1 11 1 732 NEW COLLECTION ok VOYAGES anu 1 RAVELS. Imwi J t lil ^""■^--^s^^J^^ rived at liic Hcrk'^ CallK-, at ilic houlc of oiif Mr. Dro\iT, a wealiliv fuina-r, whcic tlicy rcniaincii two days The liciiii-iiaiit in;iile ,iii cxtuilioii to ilu' Rie Bi'ck s Callle-lkTi;. On ihc top of ibis liill .1 piece of laiinoii is pLucd for tin' purpolu ol giving iigiidls, to prevent liirprilc from an enemy, and to alarm the adjacent country. 'I'lu'v left Mr. Droycr's on tlie -5th, and arrived at liie Uerg-Rivier, where they (la\i (1 .ill night, and early next morning eroded it at a fcnv. liiis day tliey proceeded on their jouriiev to the Picqiu i-'ierg, i.nd llie next arrived at tiie Crois, where they Hayed all night. Hence they proceeded welkrly, .il"iig the l.oll-Valley ; and in ihe evening came to tne houle of .Mr. (".iielF. IJiiring the night of t!ic 25th, a very heavy rain fell, which Iwellcd tlie river Co much that the ne.M day thev found it impadal le. 'J'he farmer was nnirh plealed with ilicir company, and entreated them to prolong il.eir (lay for le\eial days, to which, as ihe river ilill continued vrry high, they agreed. Upon feeing the writers liihlide, th.ev pruiioled lo proci ed in their journey, and were alhlled by their hofp ta- ble friend Mr. (IticIV, who fupplied tiiem with fonic of his cattle, which were more accuflomed to paRing t'"" food than ih-.ir own. The river was hroad, and in feveral places the oxen were obliged to Iwiin. When they reached the oppofite Ihorc tlicy directed their com fe northward, thrc iigha high laiidy countiy. .^t niglit llicy amved at '.he I.aiige \ alley, at the hoiife o( Mrs. Low, an old liench woman, who liad long lived in this p.art of i!.c country, and was poili lied of numerous iierds of cattle. They ll.ived all nigl.t here, and the following day proceeilcd on the ir journey through a lar:;c find) i)laiii, towards the Hierl.odlieiiicnl, which is above forty ntiles dillant. .\t iii.;l.t they tame 10 the lackals-Willcy, wluie, though they found no water, they were ohli^td to remain a few hours in t)ider to refrelh their o.xen, which were much faimud. .About twd in the morning t!)e\' proceeded lo the pl.iec where they intended to rL'lt, and which ihcy icached at nine in the afternoon j here ihey found a peafant who had arrived about two hoii is before tlicin. Our heio iiujuired which way he was going, obferving he had many lloileivots and a luiinber of guns in his wa,.:gon : he (aid ihat his couifc was towards the (iieat-Ruer, and that lie intended to accomp.iiiN (nlonel Cordon, whom lie left at the Cape, hut cNpecled lie would Icir waggon was fo much da- maged, on iheir journey hiiiier from the Cape, that ihey wen- compelled lo remain here a few days in order to liave it repaired; which having done, they traiilporied th.eir l)a';jage and wa'.;(5on acrols the river, at this liiuc vcin hii;h. In the c-vening Colonrl Gordon arrived j but a^ l:e was putlning a diiiennt luute, It was agreed to meet in the Small Ninii(ju.i- I.and, and then to proceed together alon^ the (bore of the Allaniic Ocean, as lar as ihcy could podibly travel to the iiorih»ard. Accordingly our hero and liis p.irty diretUd tlu'ir courfc to the JJokke. I..inds- Hcrgen, where they had appointed to leceivc a team of liclli o\en. When they arrived at the IJokkc- \'chl, they .ileended the iiiiiuntain, and left the waggon by a finall f>>uniain ; the paih being iitipuira- bi." on Mccount of the heavy raint which had fallen. .At (hij pi. .re they fiipplitd tliemfeKci wiili fomc provi(iuii , and Sli-. Seballiaii Van Kenan took a carl with linn, and li.Meeii bullocks bclonijing to his faiiicr .Mr. \aii Kcii.wi. 'Ihey proceeded on their journey tow.irds il . Small Nimiqua-Land, and arrivtd at iln; ■[ j,, River, where, during the night of the (ixteeiuli ii, ! heard the roaring of lions, which ihey injipuli.,! . be about a thoiifand y.irds from them. iJri i| way to a place, called the l,i(>irsl)eii, they nui Hotlcniot, who informed them, that at his kraal tI family had been vililed by the fame lions wiiiclil]. ,' had heard, and that they jiad tlevoiind two oj ' calves. Ibis lic;tteiiU)t was the fervant of \\. Ryck, and lived here in the Kaio during ilu- w,,,. fealbn, the charge of part of her c.ittle bavin ■ [,(.,, commiited to him. /M'ter travelling till ni^-lit \v;." out hnding a drop of water, and being fo (im^,,,, nate as to lolc their way, they were obliged u, | , till the next morning. Duiing the night .Mr. ,S. \ Kenan loll his borle, which it was fuppuled ha.j i turned lo the l!okke-\\ld, whence the) had hn,., , him. .At daylighi ihey proceeded on their jnuni and at ten in the morning arrived at the J.ion s.!),,,,' where thev •■• Itcd all da), and were vihled by icvtij' of the liolbielmen. Next ibcy proceeded lo the Reed, or IJracL.ii,!,,,. lain, where they had very indiderent water, a t thence 10 t!-.e llarttbeell Rivicr, and from tlii* i, Three-fouiiiain, where ihey Hayed all niglii, jnj catly the fuUowiiig day oiniinued their juurric, north-wed, to the Creen-River, were they had ii,j (atisfaHion of nieeting Colonel (jurdon, \^lio j.jj arriveil there only a lew liours before them. As their caravan made a (hort Hay on ilu: banks (,f ibis rivei, our hero took tliisa(i\ .Ullage of yi(iiiiijjj,j inlpcding the dope of the tamis-lierg, wliith u adorned with a great variety of evergreen (luu!)! but this being the winter fealuii very few wtrc ;ii dower. Having been fufTiciciuly reflcd, ihcy dctcrmircd on prolecuting their jouiney to the northward, n.j in the excnii'g ol the iw i. nl\ -hlih, artived at a l|(.. tentot vill.ige, which cotilillid ol eighteen h^ where they paded the night, and next day coniiiiui! their couiie noithward. At noun they met a ]ic.ilj i who had come from ihc Cireal-River, and wasirjvt:- lliig towards the Cape, aetoinpanied by a (Ickitcr, who h.id been lev en )ear5 ableni, and bad irau'ilii over a gieal p.irt of ilie c< untry. This poor l-.il .* was a native of Sweden, and i;iadc many lei.lr \' relledions ii|)oii his misfortunes in .MtKa. llm evening they arnveii at the honle of one Ilermanirji Kngclhnghl, where lluy flayed ieseral &j\\, ,imi fupplied thcmlelves with necedaiies for iheir imci.J. cd jouiney along the fbore of the .Atlantic Ocean, ai this was the lafl houfe they were likely lo meet \« li in their way. It is luuatc on a branch of the C.ir..;i- 15erg. '1 hey were nrenuoudy advifcd by the natives nt to proceed lurtbei, it being ihey f.iid an nninli.ilia, i delart, where neiihcr man nor bead was vidlilc, ,iiil where ihere was a great fcarcity of water, and hariilv a blade ofxrafs for the fupporl of tiieir cattle. N»!- wiihllaiiding ibele dilctjurageinilits, they relol'.cd i> proeied as far as they poflibly could; and it \i:i agreed thai one of them Ihould (el out a few d.i.- before tl.e other, and tb.il they fboiild endeavour, il pollible, to meet at the mouth of the dreal-Kmr. (.'ulonel (iurdou accordingly parted from them, ai'l proceeded oti Ins ii, tended journey, entirely wiihou: a guide, as the nalivcs at ihat lime rifuled to acroin- pany tliein. 'Ihe next day, after much pcrluilio;\ the lieutenani prevailed on one, wiiowas rather mkiu' (pirited ihaii the red, lo attend him, foi which l,e u compenled hint with f(>me beads and tohacco; ihc> were alio aceuinpaiiied by a brother of his cumpaiiKin, jacobus \'an K(naii, who had been to the eallwditl lo llioot elephaics. Aiigiid tile id they departed from this pUcc, and were fupplied Willi a team of frefli oxen for two I'lv. 'Ihe day after their departure they continued lU.: journey about ten mile.s to the wellern exireinity il ific iiiouniaiii, where they had a view of the .A'.lani:' : A V !•: L s. ;ir j'Mirnry towirds ||„. iiriiMcl ;u ihi: 'lliof, ;;ht ol'llic lixUiiuli, i|,„, wliicli ilicy lii|>pi)!i'(i I ) s Ironi llicin. tJn || , l.K'^ii'.s-lJcii, lluy iiki ^ iciii, that at hi> kia.il || ilic fame lions wliicli ^\.Z liad ili-vowrid two ,,1 ,1^ ias the rtrvaiu of M,, f Kaio diirint; the m;i„, j [>{ licr cattle hjviii;! |;j.,,| travclliiij; till iii^;lii ,;,,|| r, ami Iilimj; Io iiiilui;;. luy were obll^jid lul;, ,, iiii;; the iii>;ht Mr. S. \ j., h It was fuppolcd haj i^. wliciKC till) had brtiuji DLCcdcd on ihiir jdcti.i; irrivcd at ilic I.ions.i),.,,' iiid were vilitcd hy Itvtij lie Rccil, or lirack-idu:,. y indillcrtiil \sater, a: | iivier, and from i',,;, i, ley ll.iNcd all night, j|„i continued their juutncv Kiver, were they tud ih'c i>lontl (jordoii, who had )urj before them, (hort Hay on I In: hanks of isa(•^.Ulta^e orviliiin[.j,,| lie C aiiiis-Uei^, wLitii u cty of cveri^rccn lluiil.i, fealon very lew wtrc iu ,■ reflcd, tiicy dctcrniircj cy to the northward, ai,4 !y-lilth, arrived at a 11.,.. iililtcd oi rinhlC'-n l;„ , \, and next day coiiimun t noon they met a pcilji eat-Rivi'r, and wjsir<\(.:. (.()in|'air.;-d !)v a (K-ki!cr, alileni, and hail iraicid iiitry. '1 hM poor Ivil >» and I'.udc many Iciillilo rtunrj in Africa, lliis honle of one IIirmaniiMi ll.iycd leseral davv, .niii reillaiies for their inui.J. of tl'.e Atlantic Ocean, ,ii y were likely lo meet \> ii )ii a branch ui the Caiii;i- ivifcd by the natives n i they laid an iiniiilia!i;u i nor bead was vililile, anl rcity of water, and luni!; )orC oi their cattle. N^:- ;ein*llts, llu-y nlol'. fil ; ' (hilly could ; and it v^\ Ihould let out a few d.i.< they Ihould endcavoiir, ii luth of the dreat-Kivir. y parted from them, anil uiirncy, entirely wiihou; at linic icliiled to atroiii- , alter iniuh perlu ilui:', one, who was rather me:.' ■lid him, for which l.c u heads and tobacco; ihr> lirothcrofhiscompaiinjii, l;,;d been to the callwatJ lied from this place, and f frclh oxen for twoilu.. ire they coiuinucil tU.r the wellerii exiremiiy ul lad a view of the A:\i»v.^ LIEUTENANT PATTERSON'S TRAVELS in AFRICA. 733 ai the dillance ofuliout forty miles. They defteiidcd ilie niouiiiaiii with much difficulty, as it was bnth llcep and nigged; and towards ilic cvcninj» of the kcond, tlicy arrived at a fountain of brackilli water. 1 he loll ill this p>>rt of the country coiililts of a faiidy clav- Next they dircQed their courfc through a fandy jilaiii. In '''c evening they faw the dung of elephants, ,iiul at night came to a hollow rock, where they had ,ibiin'3S lather fait; at many places indeed where ilie water had dried up, were qujn;;:i.\> of excellent fait. At n.^ht thf) arrived at the Sand-River ; they (.rrc no^» aUout ten miles from the Atlantic-Ocean, where the Sand-River empties illelf. '1 he banks afforded them excellent pallurc for their cattle, and as they were greatly fatigued, they agreed to rcll a few days. While they remained here, one of the Hottentots vvlo had been upon the hill, told them that he faw iwi) waggons about three miles to the wellward, which ihcv liippoled to belong to Colonel (jordon. Soon after the lieutenant received a letter from htm, and ilicv proceeded to the Rhinoceros-Fountain. The river was frequented by a variety of water-fowl, uiiich afforded them excellent fport ; among thefe ihc\ found great numbers of Uamingocs, of two Ipc- cici, one much fmaller than the other. They ftayed licrc two days, and made cxcurfions along the fhore, •vhcre they faw ftrata of the moll beautiful rocks, fomc of them as white as Inow, and others veined with red and other colours. Here alfo they faw fe- vcral huts made of the ribs of whales, and others of elephants bones ; but they perceived that they had not Inen inhabited for fome time. On the 7th, Colonel Gordon's companion, and the 11.0 \'aii Reiians, being informed of a herd of ele- phants which were fccn to the northward, left them, while the reft diretlcd their courfc to the mouth of ihc river, where was a large lake of water which communicated with the fea. Here they cxpcQed to raich fome filh, but they found none that were larger than a fprat. In the afternoon they Diot fomc wild diicks and returned to the waggon. In the evening ihcir companions returned, finding the elephants .ore gone. From this place they dii -tied their courfc north, through a fandy country. They tra- velled the whole day, and at night were informed by iheir guide, that they were not half way to the firll wairr, and that, as it was extremely dark, he would not venture to condufl or dircd them through the l.i.Hly downs which lay along the (horc, and extended ninny miles to the eaflward. On hearing this they detcrmiiied to remain where they were till day-light, when ihcy proceeded on their journey, through the mull barrel, country ever fecn. Several oi their llotrntoii complained, and wanted luuch to return. Alic-i travelling all day, and, towards the evening, not iiilirrning any appearance of water, the country every wb<:rc being equally dry, titcv conlultcd witli their gi>idc, who ieemed not perfeftiy to know, whe- ihcr they had paflcd the water or not. They all igreed to fet out with their guide in fearch of water, and leave the waggoni tinder the care of a fervant of Colonel Gordon t accordingly they look with them a liw bottles, that ifthev (hould be fortunate cnougli 82. to find water, they might fend fome to their Hotten- tots, who had not tafted any for two days. After tr:;velling about four miles, they difcovcrcd a foun- tain on the fliorc, but which at high water was over- flowed by the fca. This water was extremely dila- grceable, and the quantity fo fmall as to be barely fuHicicnt lor themfelvcs and their horfes. After nightly rcfrcfhing themfclves. Colonel Gordon and an Hottentot returned to the waggon and took with them fomc water for their fcrvants, while the reft determined to remain at the fountain, where they fhot fome flamingoes, which they cat. About mid- night one of their Hottentots arrived, who had been abl'ent from them two days; he had fhot a chamois- bock, part of which be brought with him, and it prt)ved good eating. On the fucceciling day they made an excurfion along the coaft, which is low and rocky, with flrong lurfs off Ihoic, which break about foitr miles fron» the land. They tried to li(h at fevcral places, but without fucccis; the rocks were covered with inuf- cles, and in the inlets, or fmall bays, were numbers of wild ducks, many of which they fliot ; but they were fo oily, as to prove very difagreeable food. On the next day, having filled fomc empty caflcs, they continued their journey northward. Colonel Gordon and Lieutenant Patterfon left the waggon at ten in the morning, and proceeded along the (horc, where they dileovered feveral huts, about which lay a great number of fhclls, which inclined our travel- lers to fuppole that the inhabitants fubfifled entirely on the filh that they contained. At about one mile diftaiit from the fhore they faw a fmall ifland, where they obferved feveral pieces of wood lluck into the ground ; but they could not perceive any huts, and were convinced, by the number of feals which they faw every where round it, that at this time it was iipinhabited. Along the fhore they obferved many hones of fcals. At nine in the evening they loft their way, and the guide advifed them to continue where they were till next morning. This day Colonel Gordon's companion, Mr. Piiiar, left them, and proinifed tliat he would return at night to the wag- gon ; accordingly they made fires, that he might dilcern where they were, but in vain. They re- mained in this place during the night, having fattened their cattle as ufual. Ne.xi day thry continued their courfc north, through a fandy country. They obferved to the callward a high ridge of fandy hills, evidently thrown up by the louth-eaft winds, which blow here every day. Having left the waggons, they dircQed their courfc along the fhore, which was much elevated. Ill the highell rocks they found feveral petrefaflions of fhclls, fome of which were about an hundred and hfty feet above the fiirfacc of the fea. Colonel Gordons cattle began to drop down in the waggon, having had neither grafs nor water for two days ; but the lieutenant's waggoner kept on his journey, and unknown to him, left the others behind. At nine in the evening they overtook his waggon, and found their people had been confulting whether or not they Ihould return, as they had not the Icaft profptsft of finding water. They luppoled that Colonel Gordon's companion had loft his way, and were in great doubt whether they Ihould ever fee or hear of him inore. About ten, one of the Hottentots arrived, who had left the waggon in company with him, but parted the lirft day. He imparted the glad-tidings, that he had found a fountain of excellent water about fix miles to the northward, and brought a little with him in a ca- labafh. This animated them sreatly, and next morn- ing Colonel Gordon and Jac(>biis Van Rcnan return- ed to his waggon, while the lieutenant's party direAed their courfc to the fountain, which they reached about nine, and the others arrived at noon. Thi^ fountain is fituatc between the two precipices, which were much decayed and worn. This place not only afforded good water, but excellent grafs fur cattle, attd variety of fuGculent pia^iits. %'/> In m . i i ■! ;« "i |l; :>..'" 7.S4 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. iA< In order to rcll ilieir cattle they coritinucd here a whole day : during the interim, the lieutenant and colonel made an cxcurlion to the Tea, which was dil- taiu about nine miles. On the >5ih, they direflcd their courfc northward, and with much difficulty and futiguc penetrated ahnut ten miles, throuKJi a iandy country. In ilieir road alon^ the (hore ilicy oblcrved the traces ol' human feet, which appeared (b recent that they concluded fome perfon had palled that way on that day or the day precediiis;. I'hey were in hopes tiiat thcl'e niii;ht have heen fome of the Hoiteniois who accompanied Mr. I'inar, Colonel (iordon's companion. In the ni|;ht (hey made fires as a liRnal, but the finnal not bein|5 anlweicd, ilicv conrludcd that they mull have been liie wild natives; and from lindinrr the Ikin of a feal, which was (]iiite fielh, tliis conjftiure was con- firmed. All hopcii of ever lccin(> Kir. I'inar afjain now vanifhcd, as lie had been abfent four d tys in tliefe dreary defarts, and there was no po.Tibiliiy of tracing his ftcps. On the i6th, their road lay to the northward, and at noon they palled two hills, which ihey had obler- ved duiing their journey the two precedini; da)S. IJeing lituate at a very liiiall diftance from each other, and limilar in lij^ure and fizc, they gave them the name of the TwoMrothers; and in this deiolatc re- gion there was no one who could dilpuie any drnomi- nation by which they chofc to dillinnuidi whatever they met with. 'I'o the northward they dil'covered a large valley about three miles diflant, hut found tiiere was no water : this Colonel (Jordon called IJentiiig's- V'alley. They were ()bliL;e m number, they were governed by a chief, whofc iiaiite was (;out. The n>ode of living amotigll thcfe pc(p!f was in the highefl degree wretched ; and tlicy wri- apparently the dirtiefi of all the Hottentot ttihw Their drefs was compofed of the fTtins of feals ai'i jackals, (he flelh of which they eat. M lien i( li'n- pens that a grampus is call afhoie, they reinovc ilicir huts to the place, and lubfill upon it as Jon^jvanv part of it remains; and ii> this iminncr it idinetim^ alfords them fuflenance for half a year, ihftu'.;li ir 1 : great mcafnre decayed and puiriHed by (he fm' I'hey fmear titeir Ikins with the oil or train; iH: | orc(l(-^,.,iT. hey fniind numlHi'i (,f (lamini^ors, &c. r|,,. extends (Vom the mm -^ e(l: ihe'l'wo llro;!,,,, ni about twelve mil,.' tilde in breadth ; hin ,, lirli lie a trile from ili- well, and wliich rciKJir the river, Ihehinl,, > the wellwird, lanri.. the eveniii'; ihelr (|„,] 111 i;iven tip as hift. tudled the river onthf er to make nit exriiil,,;^ obl'ervcd tl;e print ,f I to them to be fu'.'] itrliie the trark, 3,,,) „, laitl (or the v. ild !„.,/,,_ miles to the norihwari itives oti a fandv hiliwl bey matle (eve ral (i^Uji, to be (jiiitc wild, j.«j velleri coniimicd tti f :. ;bt tbtm to their h.ihuj. (iiiifd tbc;r eral Tptcici of aronutic dryifiR. and 3 lew Ikim lurh fiiperior to thole if J tbcy were Itilit-r, and LTC furnilhed with (Iw.U the grtimpiij. Srvrul led from poles fliick iii;-. hitig about them uV^b »n acecptahle prrliiit, tons frniii his ctut, aiid aromatic platits uhiin lime ihcy again olifcrvfd lace vhcie they lud ruH ide every f. ilTihle fiijn ji 1, at>d dilpaic'ird mt: 4 :c to them atici airurcJ tion. After lotne tisv, em while t!ie licutctiai:: [be >;uns, iind after tiiu'i to retiitn to their kraal. r, and were ih.c (kiK i s- rt of the rotttiiry. Our r ttatioii!!, but they tou.J icept of the Niaiii;B»v, A .Vimiqna woman .-Iwi ily one of the coinpji: ipcans. Thoii'.;h few m I by a chief, vvhofe \u'\'t ingamotigll tlicfr()f";> retched ; and ihc) vc" II the Hottentot iiihi-.. if the fkin^ of feals »rA hey cat. Wlitn ii t'p- hoie, they remove ll.'v:r [ upi-iii it as Jon^joiiv bis inonncr it Irtiiietime^ half n year, thrtU'.;li ir. a put rifled by the f"" li the oil or train; i!'-' lul, that their appmKli LlllUTKNANT P A T T K RSO N' S TRAVELS in AFRICA. '35 ni.iv h<-' p'Tceived fone lime before tliey prefcnt ilic.iil^'l^'^' to the li'^hl. Their arrows are the fame 3< thole of ail the other llollentot.s. 'I'hey carry ,|,;.ir w;iter in the lliells of oil rich egt^s, and the blad- jtr* of fc^'s which they Iboot with bow.^. Ptiiig arcoinpaiiied by four of the natives, they ro'.virii'd to tlnir bo.it towards evenin!». Their j^„i,n:iiii()iis left behind had Ikcm the whole day ein- pl(,\ed ill lilhiii'.;, with tolerable fiireels ; part of the l;li) they h.id taken was ■;iveti to the llran^rrs, which ,k;.y thankfully received, and leturned lo their habi- utif". Oiirtravellfritiowpr.ipofcdto erofsthc river to their ^.,vT;ons. The eveiiinn, however, being dark, their hfiat overloaded, and they totally ignorant of their roitrfe, they i;ot into the I'lirf, quite in the tnnuth of ihc river, and li id a very narrow cfcape. They were jhiiiit h.ilf nn hour in great daft;er; but one of their llotii'iituts obfeivip;; the fires made by their com- On the U'J I, ihey made an excittfioti thrntit^b the jliiccnt country, and the next day again .rolled the tivcr, toiiupiire whether there was atn f )nibility of trccrediif.; ou their journey to the eaUward ; but of ihiuhc natives feemed unable to j'ivethem any infor- mation. They i)bferved that all thole people had |,,H the • fill! joint of iheii little finder ; the reafon ,1,5V ;;.ive for eiittini; it olf was, that it was a etire for a particular ficki-.efs to which they v;crc lubjetl in thiir youth. rhfv employed the lafl day they intended to re- main at this part of the river in finiitiK, and were vilited by their friends from the oppofite (bore. 'I he lirtiienaiit oblerved thev cat, with a very good appe- tite, loiiie olil (hoes which lome of their Hottentots civf them. Their own flio'-s arc made of a piece of bather, which merely defends the lolcs of their feet from tborn.s, and is in general falfcned to their IOCS and .iiiklc. As our tr.ivellcrs oblerved a great number of liiit-s along the (hove which were (tniiiha- bitfd, and \ct found only eleven perfons dwelling in thii patt of the country, they conjctlurcd that by f:)ine arcitlent feveral of thel'e people had perifhcd. 1 hole that remain arc didinguidicd by the name of ilie Shore- Holliicfinen. On the tweniylifth, in the morning, they profc- ciitod their journey to the callward, keeping along tiie h.iiiks of the river, as they were informed that many hijip ipoiami were there, one of which, indeed, they were (]uiie near; but they had left their guns in the wa;;;;oii, which occafioiu d them much vexation, as they hadl'cjrrely any provi lion for their Hottentots. Ihcy llill continued their. coiirfe to the caliward, and ill the aftetnooti met Jacobus \'an Renan, who had hcen about (ix miles to the eartward, and had only Iceii the prints of three hippopotami, which (eemcd n) be liedi, and he believed they were gone to the mouth of the river. They informed bitn of that whii'li they had Icon, and be (iied feveral (hots at the aiiiiiial, but without being able to give it a mortal wound. Mr. Sebadian Van Renan, and Mr. I'inar, returned to the waggon in the evening, and acipiaint- rd their friends that there were a iiumberof lions about tw'ilve miles to the caftward, aitrafted by a dead I'lcpli.iiit which bad been (hot by Mr. I'inar during the lime he was ablcnt from the waggons. 'Ihey now proceeded to the ealiward, through a nioKbaireii hilly country. The hills were naked and decayed, wiih hardly a plant to be fceti tipon them ; in the lower parts here and there was a little grafs : (rotn thcfe appearances they judged that it would be in vain to think of proceeding further. They agreed, therefore, to remain a few days, and, ifpoffible, to Ihjot lutnc game forprovifion on ihcir way through • Our readers may remember that Capi. Cook and others liivf inailc this remark reljieclinp 'he ilitferent natives they met Willi, biiti till m)w, no kiiiil ij rtafon has iKcn given lor this llrin^i- ciillom : it has been, indceil, ruppufcJ tu h.tvc proCMil- cJ hum fume retigiuus ccicmuny. the dry country ihcy had to pafs. Mr. Pinar, how- ever, relolvrd to direfcl his courfe to the cadwardi and took with him live Houentots, each of whom was provided with a gun. The lieutenant likewifc Cent a party of his Hottentot* in featch of game, on the twenty. fevcnth, one of whom returned with a liart, which fupplicd them for three days. Jacobus Van Renan wounded an hippo- potamus ; but it fwam to a place on the oppofite fide, where there was no pollibility of approaching it. The next day (.^ugull 28) they prepared their waggon for their departure; and on the following evening left the river, intending to travel in the night, which they conceived would be better for their -3ttle. Having travelled about thiec hours, their dogs attacked a herd of zebras, which were at a little dillancc (roni the waggons; they feemed not in the lead (by, and our travellers (hot two of them, which detained them about an hour; part of the (lefh they took with them, and it proved very good food. On pading the Two lirotliers, they olii'erved a (ire which lliey fuppofed was made by three of their Hottentots who had left ihem in the morning. They travelled till (our iti the morning, when they unyoked their bullocks in a dry Candy plain. Aiigud the 3 id, they continued their journey to the Water \al, where they reded; and in the even- ing of .September id, proceeded on their route till about two in the morning. On their w.iy they killecj (everal (iiake.s, one in particular, called the horned fnake ; which fpecics meafures from twelve to eigh- teen inches long, and is fuppofed to be very veno- mous. They arrived .Sept. 2, at the Sea Fountain. On the 3d. they continued their journey through the dcfart, but were obliged to dop in order to reft their oxen, which were fo much fatigued that it was impofriblc to proceed further, when they were about twelve miles from the .Sand-River. 'I'hey relumed their journey on the evening of the fourth, and next morning arrived at the river, where they reded the following day, having excellent gral's and water for their oxen. From this they proceeded (on the 6ih) to the Small Nimiqua-Land, and dop- ped that night on the fame river, about eight tnilcs to the caftward of Rhinoceros-Fountain, which they had before vifitcd. Their provifion began to be (hort; but one of the Holtentot.s, notwithdandinc this circumdance, was determined on a good meal, and accordingly, during the night, contrived to rob the others of their (hoes, every one of which he eat. Hence thev proceeded to Cock Fountain, where they ariivcd on the tith. Here they were vifited by feveral Nimiquas, who brought them milk, for which they were very thankful, and gave ihein fomc tobacco and dacka in return. Among thefe ffot- tentoLs was their guide Pedro, who had left them a few days before ; there were alfo two captains, one of whom had a cane, dated " 1705," and his name engraved on the top of it, " N'ulcan ;" and the other hati one with the name, "Jephlah." F.arly on the 12th, the lieutenant difpatched a Hottentot to Hcrmaniiias Englcbright, dctiring him to (end them a fupply of frefh cattle, in order to cnar- ble them to afcend a deep hill wliich lay in their next day '.s journey. On their fird arrival amongft their hofpitable friends, they were quite invigorated, and delighted with the appearance of every thing around them. They had exchanged a country un- trodden by human feet, or only inhabited by the mod wretched of lavages, for the fociety of friends and generous hods, and after a journey of fix weeks, through dry and fultry dcfarts, founil themfelves in a land adorned with (lowers of the mod beautiful colours. The contrail was truly cxhilirating, though it was not uncxpetled. They agreed to remain here a few days, during which time the lieutenant lod his companion. Colonel Gordon, who intended to dire£l his courfe to the caRward in fearch of a nation, called the Catfre tribe. Tht: lieutenant's intention was to proceed to the northward, to crofs the Orange-River, and! j ■ I 1^ ; m ;i!i ^m 73^ NEW COLLECTION or VOYAGES and TRAVELS. 1 av and to vifit the ('•rcat Nimiqua-i.and. During Ins lUy at this place, be made feveral excurfionj along the mountains. Having prevailed upon their Friend and hoft, Her- mannias Kn^elbriglii, to accompany them in their intended expedition, he took with him, accordingly, three good horlen. They then diretted their courlc north, over a rugged path, involved in many turn- ingi between the branches of the Caniis-Berg; and in the evening of the sad, came to a Hottentot vil- lage, which confided of eleven huts, where they (layed all night, and proceeded the next day to the houfe of one Vander Hevcr, where ihey remained till the following evening, and then relumed ihcir journey till midnight, when they reached the Cop- per-Mountain. At this place they had very brackilh water. On the i5th, in the afternoon, they proceeded lo the Small Copper-Bergs-Fountain, where they had tolerably good water. Here our hero made an cx- curfion along the hills, which have all a rugged ap- pearance, and mod of them contain copper ore. They continued their journc) to the Small Brack- Fountain, where they faw the frefh print of lions, and proceeded to the Great Brack-Founiaiii. Here they met feveral Hottentots who had been at the Great Nimiqua-Land, exchanging cattle for beads and tobacco. They told our travellers that ihe river was paflablc, but fccincd rather to fwcU when they left it, which was the day before. Having delayed here two days in exploring the ad- jacent parts of the country, they next dircded their cnurfe north by call, through a Tandy plain ; and after travelling about four mil'.i, found a large rock of a conical figure, where was a fmall fountain of frefh water. There were feveral Hottentots who came from the Orange-River. One of them was a good markfman, and on that account they took him with them. After travelling till next day, they were obliged to (lop to reft their cattle at a place from the river, about fix miles diftant. Our hero and Meffrs. Van Renan and Kngclbright left the waggon on the firft of Oflober, and diretted their courlc to the river. On their lirll arrival they were all in great hopes that it was palfable, but wen: loon convinced of the contrary. They then rclblved to proceed to the eadward, and after foine days arrived at a Hottentot village, fituate by a large vood on the banks of the river. Here they were informed that Colonel Gordon was about one day's journey to the eallward, and that he intended to leave hit boat ut thai place. 'I'he lieutenant there- fore fent one of the Hottentots (o beg he would allow them lo mukculcofit, in order to tranfport ihem- I'tivcsoxer the river, which was otherwifc iinpa(l.ible; but the river bc^jn to decreafc w4ih great rapidity before the niedcnger returned. The lieutenant made an excurfion through the woods on the 7th. He found them inhabited by va- riety of birds and monkies, which are exceedingly (hv. There arc feveral paths made by elephants and hippopotami. The country is every where equally barren ; the foil is a loole fandy clay ; along the banks of the river was good grafs. litre the liver divides itfelf into three branches, which arc each about a mile broad. They faw feveral fires to the eallward ; and on ihe fourteenth wetit over the river. The ftream was fo rapid that they had much diificulty in eroding it. They had all their nccelFaries packed upon oxen, which the lieutenaot hired from the Hot- tentots for that purpol'e -, and this night enramped under a large ebony tree, to the northward >>! Cae ri- ver about eight miles. Next they direfted 'hci. courfc ead-north call, through a hilly country; and at noon paflcd the Lions-River, tlie banki< of which arc in general in- habited by thole animals. The country is extremely barren, and covered witii findll (harp ilones, which proved very injurious to their liorfes hoofs. In the evening they arrived at a linall brackifli fountain. where they llaycd all ni)le lubliU They were drelFed exatlly as the inhaDitant» of d,,! Small Nimiqua-Land ; I'oine in the (kins of jicl^ji, and others in the (kins oFinarmottC't, iewcd loueihrr ihelc animals being very nunurous in thij n,irt ^r the country. Their hahiiaiion was about ilncc mile, from the fountain, which our hero vifited in ilic evcii ing ; it confided of fix huts. Their (heep arc vr,^ dilFcrent from thole near the Cape; thrfc hj^^,,, much longer tail5, and being covered wiili luir m. dead of wool, which at a didance gives them iliop. pearance of dog«. Thry proceeded on the 171I1, northead, to a fn,j|| fountain of water; and took uiih them loinv uf ,,,( natives who knew the country. On their arrival they were obliged to dig pii.\ in the fand befdrc il ,i could come at the water. 1 his day they iiMdc m excurfion through the counti^v, which is kvd ^^ high. Here they had an extenfive view to the lomh. ward of the Orange>River ; and to thL- northwirdof a large plain, bounded at about the didance of four days journey, by a range of mountains in a dirctlirn from ead to wed. Thefe mountains they were luld formed part of the Brenas, or llirquas. ''l'\\- coim. try is here inhabited by rhinocerofes, /.cbru;, kw. doe<, camclopardalifes, &c. &c. During the next day they reded their horfcs, n they intended to dirctt their courfe wed-iiurth.vct towards a hot bath. In their way they Faw fu came- lopardaliles, which they puiFucd; Mr. Van Ritun (hot one, which proved ti> be a male. It vn 14 lca 9 inches high. Thefe an'unaU chiefly riibfill upon the mimofa, and wild apricots. Their culuiir u m gei^ral rcddilh, or dark brown and wiuie, and r»mc of them black and white: ihc\ arc cloven-rooiid; have four teats; their tail rclVnibles that ofj bulled; but the hair oF the tail U nuicli llronger, and in jrcnc- ral black; they have ei);lu Fore tccili below, but none above, and fix grinders, or double teeth, on en.: fide above and below ; the tongue is rather \nmn(i': and rough; ihey have iio luotlock h ihcir waggons, be- ing itiFormed by ihc naiiveii, that alter tiic appear- ance oF Fuch clouds to the eadward, thry had Iccn the river impallable in two day », and had Frequently known it to continue Fo till the tnontli oF May. On the aid, at night, they eroded the river wiih Fafety, and their Hoticntois and oxen arrived on :!«' twcnty-Fccond. They were nov^ vifited by lome of the Bulh-IIottcntois, who hud ctmic From the riill- ward. Here alFo they parted with Hertn«nniih Engclbrieht, who went on bcForc them. Thfv -!«* .4»...«;a IVELS. LIEUTENANT PATTERSON'S TRAVELS in AFRICA. 737 ndihcncxt d.t) ilicir(,,v i-cii two high mouniaii,, he iMiivis, who mi^ ,|j c afternoon they Liiiic •„ •, wliere tlit-y Itaycd i)i r iiaiivcx lliut ilicrc \itr^ i.« in ilii.i iieinlilioiirl,,,)^' di'lirous ol fiiDotiii, ,' Kiiriipc.ins, tlui cvcii of liotihi. i^ani made an cxcuili,,,, tic diddMtc rroni ilic,,, 1 he law le\ cral of ||,! imola, to whom he im. proiidi. On hiiarriui C gum off the iretj, ,,„ ot ihcCc ncoplc lub|,;i s the inhabitaniN uf ,1,,' in ihc (kins of jjckalt rmotics, Icwcd tojrcihf,! initroiH in this pan „( on wajahouitluccitiilti hero vidlcci in die cvcj, I heir Hiecp arc vm he Capci lin-rc liav,,,,, { covered with hji, i,,. lance gives them ihe jp. ih, north-catt, lojfmiH with them Ionic of i;,t iiry. On their »riivj| . in the Tand before iKv Ihis day they in.idc j,, it^y, which is livd md ciilivc view to tlic louih. and to the northwitdof out the dillanccoffnur muuntainj in a ditctlmn auniain.s they were luld ir Iliequas. TIl- cmm. noccrofcs, zebras, kw. relied their horfci, ji courfc well-iiortJi.vct way they fnw fix cjmc. iicd; Mr. Van Rtiun male. It was 14 Im s chielly liibfiU upon Their colour i> m n and white, and fnnu- icy arc cloveii-fodiid; niblej that of a bullud; llrongcr, and in gene- tcctii below, but Mono double iccih, on tn\'. %\.u- is raiher pj thfv ar,' long clialc bcfvrc tiu. that li w 111 il'dii .III' thai a lioife ii in ^c.-.c hill fliot of them, h at any dillaiicr, iiow. lb, together wish nt in the appcaiaiu'C of a ir Oay in tlii< pljce, he next day liicy iib- ealluardi and brin;; ::iing inipairahlc, ihcv 1(1 I heir wagnoin, be that alter tlic appiai- llward, ihcy had Ian s, and had frctiucnily iiioiiih of May- eroded the river wiih d oxen arrived on :!"' >v^ viliicd by lume of come from the full- ed with Herinpniiiiis irr ihem. Ihry fliev rcmiincd a few days on the banks of the river, and then prepared their waf»n<)n, with a view of pro- rci(liiii» on tlicir |oiirnry ; hilt a llorm came on from llu- loiilh well, wliich ohli(;ed them to (lay all ni)»ht. This icnipcll bcnan at noon and continued till mid- -i^hi, diirinR which time it blew down fcvcral large ircCJi ""'^ lloMcs of a large fize were hurled by tlic r,ffr of ihr wind up very coiifidcrable eminences. A, fiioii ai tin- llorm ah.itcd, they continued their iiui'iicy if"" 4''' ^^ Noveinher, and diretled their cmirli- towards tlie Uli"nal ohferv.iiinns. llic lieutenant and Mr. Van Renan left the wag- jon on itie lOth, and in the evening arrived at the lioiifc of Mrs. Ryck. On the jith they fcnl I'relh oxen to tlieir w.u^gon, which arrived in the evening. Aficr .1 ll.>y of a few dajs in this place, they re- fiimrd iheir journey to the norih-call, towards the Bnfliiefmen's-I.and. In the cvcninj^ they arrived .it the lioiil'- of Jacobus Van Kenan, where about thirty of the Hottentots were aUemhIed, who had made ncKC with the Dutch, and were retained in their lorvicc. Thefe proved more rilihrnl and attentive fiTVjnts th.in any of thofe whom the Dutch had he- firt hroiiftlit up in fuhjetllon, Tliev ahered their dirccUon a little in the morning jnd travelled to the northward ; at night they arrived jt I brackilh fountain, litiiaie on a river, called by i;,f lloticiiiots, Camdinie-Rivicr, where they re- trained all nigiit ()!i being informed that there were mimbcr* of antelopes, c.illed Spring-Hocks, in this ncigliboiirhood, which they intended to have the imiileme nt of (hooting at the next day. Accordingly, tbfv left thcwangnn t!>e next morning, and dircHed tliiir coiifle noiih, when after afcending a high hill, ikv entered a Urge plain to the northward. Here ihry prepared to enjoy the propofed entertainment. The antelopes civided thcmfelves into large (locks of ai Icall twcmv or thirty thoufand in each (lock. They piirliicd them from eight in the morning till ti.ion, and killed and wounded feveral ; and the Hottentots »hi) accon panied them, (hot feveral with their poi- fonfd arrow«, in the ulc of which they are expert. In the afternoon they contitnied their journey to a place called the Kibifkow, where there was a Hottcti- Kii'j kraal. They were here viliicd by four captains, nrchlffs, who amufed them i.b iifcelfarily detained at the Windhoek by the in- clcnKMcy of tlio weather. 'I'lie land in this |)art of ilicc nitry is friiiifii) and produces excellent fruit and com; but the louth-eall winds, which blow from ihc ni(Uinlaiiis in the manner they do at the Cape, frcqiieiiily prove as pernicious to the rifiiig grain as ihcy do tlicie. The lieutenant was convoyed by two fonsof Niuve Houds, through the Elephants-River, on the tith of December. The water was lb deep that it c.nme tip ti) their faddies. The lame day they arrived at il'.e llifr-Lodfienient. He then left the waggon and di- tirted his courfc through a huulv plain, to the houfc ol Mrs. Low, fiiuate in the Long Valley. ii.e waggon arrived on ihe'8 h, and the following ili'v our hero was fupplicd with a team ul rrelll oxen. ,iiicl proceeded to the Bcrg-Vallcy, where he (fayed two days, making fome occnfional excurlions through part of the country. When they arrived at tlie (Jroifc, they remained there all night, and on the fucceeding day proceeded on their journey along the l'icf(.overiei lontained in the preceding and fiicurdi>'i Voyages and Travels. . „ 9 A _ A GENUINE l!':l|, s. Nli (if fit ^1 I >.»f i a mmm^ A GENUINE, NEW, and COMPLETE HI STORY OF Travels and Occafional Voyages THROUGH AND TO EGYPT, ARABIA, &c. UNDERTAKEN AND PERFORMED By Monsieur N I E B U H R, (Captain of Engineers in tlie Service of the King of Denmark) And four other Danish Tyavf.lli.rs. Including the mod accurate Accounts of fcveral Countries in the East. TIio M\\>,f?; Dressks, Religion, &c. of the refpetlive Inhabitants ; their Builoincs, GovtR.sMj,^,' and every oilier neckssary Description. ' Intcrrperlcd witli inicrcUm;; .\iiccJotes aiuljiidicious Obfcrvations on llic dilFcrcMt Oiukntais. 'Ihcfivrri ADVENTUR^s, KkctiTioNs, &c. of lliclc Tr A V t L I. £ R s, durin^ tlii'ir P F II A M H I' 1. A I ION D, andiuriur RtMARK.s on each Jolrnfy; throwing a cunddcrabic new i.iglu on the Law*, Evcni.icomh—b::f the Arcbipc/a^o — RoaJ of Smyrna —Repair to C.onjiantinople — Kemaris on tbe City, idc — Proceed to Rboda—lh tier in a H'urkiflj Inn — Make j or Alexandria — Familiarity of tbe Turkijb If omen — Oifervalions — Proited In A'w.w ] — Tbrnce to Cairo — To tbe Delta — Arrme at Si]la — /// Daviiella — /// Dalak — Defriplion of tbe P''Jh—l^:- marki on tbe Oricnials — AtcoHnt of t'tir Lntcrtaimnents — Dffcriptivi of a Play tbat uai aiicd—Qirhry Ulja- vat ton J, ijic. , ,. ' OUR I oyages i. Be. IR, Denmark) AST. The MANNfns DINGS, G0V£RNMi.^].| [)RitNTAis. Thcfcvfr;! iiL'LATioN^, and turiui.- .vcnts, WuiUiip, Cultonii, oNs of our moft p>;f£c \v\uuv. of hit companions \'nei IT, alicr IdDguilhiii^ fori ay. ihr remained in liic Li!! ; opporiumty of ri'turnm^ IC CullcdiUll of CliliulKiCi I. ry faitliful account of Au- ropean public, haviiiijilf uf wayfarers in ihii pjfiui [icd to the inquiries uiou itilpired with the fpiniof ibilitict were aiiiic adapicd j<><.^4)-<^^4'<-t> -Sail from thena—P'i: '■■< i-jitbi Place f(.rlbeUii ?/'/ innminl — Ciit V V rj^ ^ \^ V' "V v L- L /^ y. OUR travellers embarked January 4, 1761, on bc.ird a Ihip of w.ir, commanded by Mr. Fifchcr, .ificrwards Vici'- Admiral in the Danilh fervice, for ihe inirpolt.' of rcicliiin; Smyrna. Hcin)» dflavfd ihrti.' i'''^'' f""" ■' '^^''' ^^'"'J. ''"^y failed on llic ylh out (if tiic road of ('opfnli.ii^cn, but beiii;; tolled by llorins and conir.iry winds they agreed on the ijtli ij riuirn to Kllineur. [anuary 26, ihcy ventured aj^ain ; ibe wind being tail, and continuing fo a few days, fiaving palFed ilic ( a'egat they proceeded to fome dillaiicc thron:;h the .\'(>rth-Sea ; but the lloruiy wcaiber returning aiiain, and beini; tolled conlidcrably by contrary uiiids they determined on declining at prcfent their uiidetteriaking, and came back a fecond time to Kl- luiciir, February 10. Such was the violence of the wind, ihiit i" ihirty hours they were carried as far backwards as they had been before fifteen days in jjvancing forwards. Our travellers were exceedingly fcalick, and one of them Mr. \'an Haven, not being jbli- 10 bear the todiiig of the vellel any longer, pro- a'cdcd by land from ("opciihagen to Marfeillos, vhcre their vellel was to put in. They left Kllineur a ihi'd time, Kehruary 19, but were equally unfoitunate .snd ol)li;;ed to return, havini; icarcc p.ilfed iiie SLa^en. On the 10th of March, however, the we.ithcr oecnme quite fercne ....i f'""" and availing iluuiftlvo of il,i.s opportunity, ihcv look a final leave of the plai ■• From the 1 jih to the i>j;h ol li.i n-.ontli, they cn- coiniiered leveral iloini'.. In the iK'^iiining of .April ihcv hail very fine weather, but were iletaiiied for loiiie time bv a deail caltiij they .iriived wiiliiu light of Cape St. Vincent's the .'lil, and May 14, reached the road of Marfcille.s, ai;d anchored near St. Kullace. llcreiliey wcrejoired by Mr. \'an llavcn, who had (ravelled through German) and l-'rance. |iiiie the 3d, after examining the country, they I'et fail, ill company •uh three other Danilli velfels, vhich being boii d for Sinvrna, put ihemfclves under ihf pioietlion of their tlrp of war. 'Ihrv arrived at Malu Juik; 14, and anchored in the graml-liatb.uir, sn the middle of the cities which fiiviron \'alcn.i: the ajpearancc of this city, when viewed from the harbour, is very fine; all the biiildiiig^, private and public, are of hewn Hone, Hone being a very common article, as the whole illand is one vail rock, covered with a thin layer of vcsi'iable earth, and this rock iv f.i loft and calcare- ous, that it may be cut with the grcaiell facility when taken out of the quarry. I'heir private Kouit"i, which arc built againll ilcep, pointed rocki, have quite an oriciiial appearance, they have tei races on their roofs. Amongll (he public buildings, that oi Si. J'ohn's- Church is the moll inagnificeiii. The inhabitants of this ill.ind live under a mild i;uverniiient ; and accoidinglv ciiltivaic this bare rock with luch care, that it produces excellent Itiiiis. 'fhe old capital, Civita-Vecchia, is every day more and more dclerted. .Adjoining the city are fome very remarkable caia- tombs, or more prop-rly lpeak:i);;, lublcrraneous tiwellings, cut in the rock. T'hey are fo cxtenlive, (hat it has been found proper to build up the entrances 'ii(i) leveral of the palfages, to prevent the curi- ous from loling ihemiclves. The rcinaiiis of public lial.'i, and ol a uiiln, v^fhicli arc there oblervable, alfoid reafoit for thinkinj;, that ilie illandcrs once livct' in thcfe fulnerraiieous dwelling.^, or at leal! retired ir.to them in linici of danger. They left Malta 011 the aoib of June, and faw no liiid till the iCnh, when they entered the Archipelago. On the third of |uly, they entered the toad of Sniyt- iia, where they Itald till the loili. A very level e dyfcntery, with which M. Niebulu had been attack- ed, prevented him from examining the city. They reached the ille of Teiiedo^ on the i3ih, where they found the inierpreter of Mr. (itrhler, at ihat time iheir aiiibalfador at the I'one. He brought tlicm orders to quit ihc vcflol, and lepair in a fmall bark to Conflantinople. In this illc they faw Turks for the firll time; and their language and manners appeared to them fo extraordinary, th.it our tr.ivel- lers began to defpair of cafe or pleafure in lln ir inler- < Jiirfe with the people of the Eall. A man of dillir.c- tion from the coiuiiieni, lijwcver, fo far ibrgo: the precepts of the Alcoran, when he vifite.l the velFcl that he feemed to have t;ome on board for r.o other purpole than to drink the captain's wine. They left the fhip on the igih of July, but did not land at Conflantinople till the 30th. The) went im- mediately to Pera, where they were received by Mr. Gcchler, and all lodged in his houfe ; a piece of kind attention which contributed greatly to the recovery of our hero. Conllantinople is a city of great extent, though it appears larger than it really is, as the honfes rife from the fides of hills, and confequcntly appear to cover a confiderablefpace of ground. The palaces of the great, occupy much room, on account of their gardens and leraglios, and people in eafy ci'cuinllances have alio a large area behind their houfes. The jcaloufy of ilie people of the Ealt, renders then, unwilling to ad- mit perlbns into their houfes with whom they have bufinels. .Ani/.ans therefore work without doors, and Ipend the w hole day in open palaces. The llrects are full of trades-peoiile, all buly in their rcfpcftive oeeupations. The population of Conllantinople is very confidcr- able, though travellers, no doubt, have exaggerated it. Its harbour, which is always full of velfels, is the linell in the world. The medley of fuperb mof(|UCS and palaces, gar- dens and trees of all forts, which the city difplays, appears remarkably llriking to a llranger. J5ut with- in, the arraiigeineiit and appearance of the city, tor- relpond not 10 its fplendour when fecn from a dillance. The llreets arc alinoll all narrow, dirty, and irregu- lar ; the houfes are of wood, flight, and ill built, and app'.'ar more like coops for birds than dwellings for mei . Of the palaces built ()f Hone, nothing is to be feen but the high walls that furround them. In this city. It is equally dangerous to live in Hone and in wooden houfes. In the former, one is liable to be buried in ruins, by earthquakes ; in the latter, to be burnt, by the breaking out of a fire. The Icraglio of the grand lignior is a vaft but very irregular edifice. The ciiy is plentifully fupplied with water, from three great bents, or relervoirs. As this water can- not be equally dillribuied through the wl.olc city, on account of the incqualiiy of the ground, water-houfcs are cllabliflvd in proper places, from which it is lervcd out to "very perfon giaiis. Oppofitc to the outergaie of the feraglio, is a houfe fplcndidly deco- rated, where perfons jiaid by the public, prcfent water to the pallengers, in veffels of gilt copper. T'his capital of a great empire is alnioll dellitute of means of defence. A double wall, and a ditch near- ly lillcd up, arc all its fortilicutions. 1 he fulian has many houfes of plcafuro, both in the vicinities of the capital and on the fiiores in the channel of the Ulack Sea. The Greeks have 23 churches in Conlfantinopic, ^nd the Armenians three, exchilive of thofc the two nations have in the fuburbs. Relident at I'era, is a Catholic clergyman, on whom the pope confers the pompous tiiic of archbiT. '^o, placing him at the head of a great many fuppofeu inlhops. I'he law prohibits my Ihaiige fetl to build churches or chapels in the capital, iiotwithllanding which, leveral fctls hold their meetings there without any inolcllatioii. On M. Niehuhr's recovery, every preparation was made for leaving Conflantinople. N'otwithlland- ing they might have ventured to appear in their Euro- pi an drefs at Alexandria (the inhabitants there be- ing acciiUoined to fee a great many Franks) yet, through the rell of Egypt, and in Arabia, as this ap- parel, confining of fo many pieces, and fo materially diilcrcnt from the beautiful limplicity of the eallcrn garments, ■l 1 h> 710 NEW COLLECTION or VOYAGES and TRAVELS. Vil ■If I' •■ ri,:, i'V < 1i ' ' Vi ',■ m i! garments, might Iiave cxporcd them to fome in- coiivctiiiiic'cs, tlicy dfi-iiicd it expedient to aniiinc tie I'll killidrcfs, and li;ivin'^ bv means ofilicir guide, (Mr. ( .(C iler) ()l)t.iined a pallport IVom ih liillan, ihcy eni!'.iik -d with letters of roconiiiiend.ition, on bo.ird a \eirel helongint; to Dolcinno. Ail ved'els, on le.ivin)» Conlliiniinople, are viliicd by an olliccr of llie ciilioms, in order to prevent tlie dereriion ol (lave*, and any defraud to the revenue of the ella- blilhed dues. Our lu-roes fet fail .September ii, and reached the DardcMcllcs on the 15th; they hoKled their fails again t!ic ijih, and pafling the ifles of the Archipe- lago, anchored in the harbour of Rhodes the 2 1 II. Sonic fliips of war had arrived here, whole viliis the in.mder? arc by no means fond of, botii on account of the infolencc of their tailors, and the prcfcnts which every admiral CNpcfts from them. As foon as our travellers landed, they went immc- di.iiely to the houl'c of the Danifli coniid ; hut found his doors (hut, to keep out the lailors ; on account of tlicir turkilli diels, they could not obl.im adnnihon, till ihev met with an hnncll capuchin, who knew them for F.uropeans, and introiluccd them. The conlul lent his interpreter to accompany them in fome little excurhons, which curiofity induced iliem to ln;ike through the dl.ind. The city of Rhodes contains a number ofnobleuld buildings, fome of whiih arc decorated with the ar- morial bearings of the mill ancient families in Europe, but the palace which belonged to the grand mailer of the order, is now fallitig into ruin<. I'he Turks iie- g\cd the fortilications; a'.ihoughtluy miglil know their importance, from having belieged i!ie ill md lo long before they coidd make thcmlelves inallcrs of it. Hut, notwithit indmg this negletl, Rhodes is one of the befl foniiled places in the Ottoman empire, and the Turks think it impregnable. Here our travellers had the curiofity, for the fiid time, to go to dine in a I'urkilh inn. Dinner was f( rved up to them in the open llrect, upon a large flone feat, connctled with the kitchen-wall: the meat was in a cnarCe, ill-fadiioned, earthen plate, and they cat it without knife or fork. They had an excellent dinner, and were charged high. I hey went thence to drink fome wine at a |ew's lioufe, who valued himfilf 'ui fujiplying it to ail Hrangers. He had two liandfome girU with him, whom he called his daugh- ters, and who fpoke Italian well. Their entertain- ment at his houle coll tliciu much dearer than their Turkilh meal. There are a great Many Greeks in the ifle of Rhodes, but thc\ are not lulfercd to live in the city. Mellrs. \'aii Haven and Cramer witncifed an indancc of the ill-treatment which that people fuller from their conquerors. Thele gentlemen had gone with fome (Irceks to vifit their bifhop, in a village near the city, While they were with him, foinc Turkilh inulicians made tlicir appearance, and inlillcd upon cniertaining the good prelate with mu(ic, which he had no d< (ire to hear. Although ho rcfufed their concert, the nuilicians would be paid; and did nut retire without inluhing him and his company. Early on the morning of the i^id of September they fi.t fail. lliiluTto, they had (ailed near the coalls, and among illands; and it would ctuifefpiently have been vain to make obfervations on the coiirle they failed. Bui, in the open lea, they l;ad loon an op- portunity o( icmaiking the if;norancc of the 'J'urks in every tiling relative to navigation. I'lie mailer of th( ir 111 |) had rompallls and leveral inllrumenis, but kmw not what nir 10 make of them. 'I hey were probably a part of the plunder which he had taken in jonic Chriiliaii (hip; lor the DoUignois often give iheml'elveii out lor Algerine.i, and lake J'^uropeaii (hipv bcli)ii.;ii'g 10 powers at peai e wlili the I'orie. In ihe r.,Mile ol their \oyagc, ihiir IJolcignoi was afr.id I I being t ikeii hiiiidll: for it w.is icporied th.il t'le Mallele, (U lal'ier Ionic privalcei.s, wiiii let- ters oimartjuc fiuiii (oiiie Italian prince, were at that lime (couring ih.ifc leas. I'licy could not have nuJo any defence; their Ihip being a heavy (aiU-r, and overladen, ami liaviiii^ only .\ lew ru'.ty guiis n;,! prt)perly nuninnd. 'I'heir captain hi Id for .AleNandii.i, bv cliincf TuckiK for them, a very iavoin'alile w iiid JjiruivT u-, .mil earned them llr.ught into tie hai hour in llie d^v' Ihe (bores of I'gypi are fo low ihat il-ey caniicii be I'ecn from a tiillarce, and a Ih p appioacliing, \ii;|,. out knowing her courle, can hardly fail to run ». giound. The captain, his fecrctary, and two piloiv, fu„if It.ilian tolerably well. The Iccrct.iry li.ui jict,, ,j Wnicc, in diH'erent other Italian cities, andcvcnjt \'ieniia ; he was at the lame time imam, or .iliiiDHfr of the vellel. 'The imam's buliiiels is to diicct t: - criw in their evening prayers, which the M.lunr. tans perform rcg ilarly alter walhing. 1 he imam 1! -i (preads his carpet, kneels with Ins face towards Mic. ca, and mutters his pra\crs proHrating hiiiiJLirhora lime 10 time, and crvmg J.,t,b ,ik/::r, tJod is iT>at. I he allembly repeat his woids, and rcgulativ iim;.'. his motions and gellures. Owe thing eHciuul, i 'i put the thumbs luhind the eais, to matk tl; ■ orr'.ii .ibllratlion id' the mind (rom all w 01 Idly c.ii s, .',iid the elevation of the foul towards heaven. l>hiti this public evening prayer, the Mahometans arc di- reined by law to (ay other prayers, in the coiirfcof their avocations, w hi never they lind ilieinri;lvcsn;.ij difpoled to the duty, 'l hey make no ditlicnlu cf dilplaving their humility and devoiioii before fpuu- 101 s. M. .N'iebuiir was at full afraid lo dillurb li an by his piefeiue, and ailrmpied 10 rciiie; biitmoiij them prelfed him to it main andjoin them. It isoi.f the inlohnce (d ihc po|>ul.ii;e, that hinders t htidj:.} from enieiing mohpii s, or witneding iheir Moillnp. The vclhl being loo lull, the Mulluliii in piljin. gcrs weie lealed on the decks. Our tiavclLn I jj hired the captain's aparimrni, vith anoilur liii:|; ri^'^'T ad|oiniiig, in order 10 leparaie ihemklvc. Ii m the links. In a cabin abosc them, wiie Jp<;;id (ome (laves iniendid for ihe m.iiket, giils mIid 1 , J received a good education in the Tuikidi iiiu;lc, a i were delliiied lor the h, 11. 1111 i>f hum; nrjiiilce. MeHrs. Niibuhr and l-'oilk.ill one d.iv, while inry were in their chamber, overhraid a lemalc \i.Mtf, and (el their heads to ihc window, 10 ohlciw wlimfc it came. '1 hide (laves ob(er\ iiig them 10 bo llraiincr^, cried oiil, and fcolded them ; but one of tin m lix/ih- ed the rell. 'They held oul to them fruits .iml Iu^jt; ami they put down their handkcrchied tti i,-cii.e what 'l-ey liked. Their language being uiikiiumi to each other, ilie\ converltd by (ignx. Tlic yuunntll addreded a lew words lo our hi ro, fi ver.il difliriiit limes. Our ir.ivellers, to learn their wilhcs, alkcd the clerk of the (hip, to explain the meaning of a great many Tiiikilh woids and |)hrales, and ai U'n)i;ui came to underitand, that the girl had warned ihcin lu beware of appearing at the window, except when the I few w<-re at pia\ ers. 'i'hide females hccaiiie at li't (o familiar wiih our iraveller.i, as to give ilirm 1101;. c by knocking ut the window, whenever iliey wcic alone. This imprudent frolic amufcd lliini a l;w moments; but it might have occa(ioni.d ihern iTjuch lerious trouble ; and ilicy came aficrward.i lo nnilcr- Itaiid, what extreme lolly it is to make the fligliicii anpiaintance wiih TuiLilh women. On the a6ih oF .September, in the evening, tlicv arrived at Alexandria, and ancho.cd in the Rtvjt haibour, whicli ("hiidian (hips aie not pi rniU'cd ('• tlo ; they aie obli'^ed to anchor in the hnall liaibo'.ir, which is vcr\ dangiroiis. The pallengers wiiit im- mcdiaiely on (lion j but the flaves remm,t f AVELS. cy could not Ii.ivl- nu.U ins a heavy lailcr, mJ i " l^'^^' 'ni'y guns ii.,i Alexaiulii.i, hv climcp. voiir'.ilili.- wind Ipruii- ui" i> il liaibniir ii\i|ie div' low dial il-cy caiir.oi be I llrp nppioathiDg, ^^|il,. an liurtlly fail to run a. y, and two pilois, f,„,Vp ic Ictrciary \\m ln'tn ij iinlian ciiics, and even jt linic imam, or aliiK.np, buiincis is to diuct i;- crs, which the NLh, n:,^ ivalliiiij;. 1 he imam i! ;., til Ins face lowariis.Nl,,;. pronraiinRhinilLlflium .^,^ itU\:r, (Jod is jir,at. ds, and icmilarlv iim;,-. :)nc thinj^ f'Ucntial, j ,•, .■ais, lo niaik t!: ■ ofr'.,; n .'ill woil.lly car s, ^i,d )waids heaven. iL-i:},^ the Mahoniciaiis arcdi- )ruycrs, in (!;c coiiticcf hey find themlclvesir.nl :y make no dillicnla ,f I d(.vii(ioii before fpuij. lit afraid to dillurb i; um i-d lo rciiii'; but mo,! J ndjoiM tliem. Itiso.r ■, that liiiidiis ( iiti(K.;,s ilnrdint; iluir ^toil'i'p, , liie Mulluhn 111 pjilip. :ki. Our tiavclkivljj "ni, with anotlur hti-.jt^ paiate ihcnilelvc. h m )vc then), wiic k)i!);rd • niaiket, rmIs uIid J. J I ihc Tiiikilli iiiuilr, ad .1111 of loiiie srjiiUce. ill one du, whilt inry aid ii Icinalc \oiif, ow, lo obliivr wlmifc 1^ them to bo llraiina^, lint one of till 111 looih- llieni fruits .iiiil lu^jr; idkcrchicfi to i.-cii,e a(;e bciiij; (iiikiio»ii to (igiis. 'J lie yiiiiii;;ill In ro, fiveral liiflcrint rn iheii wilht% alVid ain the meaning tiF i phraies, am! at Icngui rl had warned ihcin lu dow, except wJR'n the leniales lietaine at li't as to give tboi!) iioim- whenever tliey wcic c ainiifcd tl:cni a l;w occaliontd lliern iriucli afterwardi to iiiidci- to tnake ihi- fligliicit ticn. in ihc evening, tlcv tbo.id in llie Rrtjl aic not pi rniirtii i" ■ 111 the l;iiall liarbonr, e paileiii;ers Willi lin- es leiiMiiied till iiijjiii, 111 moll (ei reiv. cin'ii of the crew hA la. Ill u:raiil tlut \'..i Happily tli'.ir fen* v.'lio viiilfti I'evcraj re ill, f mild iiul)in|i' IJI^ ll.Cill. Akxaiidiij, M. NIEBUHR'S TRAVELS t h r o u r, h ARABIA. 741 Alexandria, or Scandria, is tiie Turks and Arabs call ill '^ fitiiaie upon a narrow idhinii.s, between a .jciiinlula and the walls of the ancient city, and divi- jin|> the two harbours. Tiu" j^rmind on which the niodern city (lands, feems to havt; rifen out of the waters. Although long (iiiee diverted of its ancient fplcndour, yet the remains of the magnificent build- ings whieli it once polfed'ed, — p?laccs, tcni])les, and tiiolqucs, wiili a plentiful iiiterniixture of palm trees, .--. time, as it lupplies the city with loft waier, whitli could be n<> where clle obiained. The nia'^iiitici^i" refcrvoirs of old Alexandria Hill rc- niaiii; they were intended to contain water for the ulcof the city, through the whole year; which was received into them at the time of the overflowing of the Nile. ■fliis city mi^ht be in a more (louriflting condition; (lid not difadvaniagcs of all Ions concur to depK-ls it. Its inhabitants appear to have a natural genius fir coiiiiiicrce ; were it not cheeked hv the malignant iiiHuence of the government. The inhabii.ints of Alexandria arc in ufe to enter as jailors on board Chriitian (hips; and when they have feeii the woild, .111(1 learned lome languages, they return home, and hecimic couriers, (U- inlerprclerj, to tiie nations iliey luve lerved. i'he Mahometans have coinmonlv a treat avcrlion at living among Clirilli ins, heraiil'e they caniiol join in the ceremonies of their religion. The inedeni Kgvplians, being lels .utaehcil than the other Mulliilinans to the peculiarities of their religion and nianncrs, are filter for commercial intcrcourfe wiili the (".uropcans. 'Hie trade of Alexandria i.s, noiwithdanding, very Irifliiig; although alinoll all tlie nations of Kurope liave cdiiluls here. liut, as molt part ol thofe articles ot trailie which are imponed iiiio F.gypt. pjf-i by Alexaniiria, the eulloms allord a coiifiderable lum lo il'.c Suliaii anniiallv. The Arabic is the ordinary language of itic native jnhaliiiants, both here and through all Kgvpt. Kiiro- pi.ins, uiilkilled in Araliic, Ipcak Italian, which is not a little nil (1 in thcfe countries. Several tribes of wainlering Arabs are coniinuiilly ri)ainiii'^ .iboiit through Lower I'.gypt, and often ap- proach iK-ar to .Mcxaiidria. The inhabit, ints ji iv Kline foiilribntion.i. I5ut thofe troops pillage ihe cimiurv, lo that govciniiuiil is obliged to fend lol- (ilC iicis to rediiee them, or drive ihein into the more re- innt- pro\incc.s. During ilieir (lay at Alexandria, liin.e Liiiidrcds of thofe robbers encamped within a .iiiarter of a Icagii,: of the city, They diliicllcd the luilluiiKliiieii, and plundered the travellers, llavin.; (tiuggled coiiliilei.iblv W'ltb eontr.iry winds, ihcv arrived, on the '.id ot Novemoer, at Koletta, as it i'i called in Europe, or Kalelud, in the language of the eouiilry. This city is ot a eonliderable li/.e, .md Hands upon an eiiiinnue, whence opens a charni- ipj; proippit of the coiirle of the N'lle, and a part of ihe Delta. It lervcs as a (laple for the trade between Alexandria and Cairo. T he boats of the latter city pidceed no farther than to Koleita, where they lade with goods brought by the vellels of Alexandria, which never advance up the liver. I'dr (his reafoli, the Kreiith and \'en tian con'uls refide at Koletta, a« well as ievcral Kuropcan merehanis, who manage the eoiivevance ol goods belonging to thcii fneiuis. lieiiig ill hade to reach Cairo they left Rtifelia on the 6ili of November, and two days after palled I'lie, once a eonliderable city, and the (laple of the tr.ide between Alexandria and Cairo. The canal between Alexandria and Kite is no longer navigable ; and Fiie entirely defericd. The Nile carries lo imieli of the lull from the lands, thttt it gradually lilU up the can.il.s ; 82. although they are cleanfed from time to time ; but in a very fuperficial manner. The earth taken out of the canals forms thofe mounts which are ob- ferved in the Delta, and which appear (Irange in fo Hat a country as Egypt. In this feal'on, when the country is all verdant, there is great plcal'ure in failing up the Nile. A number of villages are fcattered along each fide of the river. 'I'hc houfcs arc indeed low, and built of unburnt bricks ; but, intermixed as they are with palm trees, and pigeon-houfes of a fingular form, they prefent to the eye of the (Iranger, an uncommon and pleafing piofpetl. Near fcveral of thefe vil- lages arc feeii large heaps of the ruins of ancient cities. The navigation of the Nile would be dill more agreeable, wxi it not iiifclled by pirates. But, when a great iiKinber of people are on board of a velfel, they keep on their guard; they difcharge a few Oiots from lime to time, to (hew, that tbey arc provided with lire arms ; this keeps the robbers in awe, and renders the pa(fa.;e lefs dangerous. There is niueli more danger in tiulling to a mailer of a vcf- lel, with whom you are unaecpiaiiiicd, who may fa\ our the robbers, anil fliarc their plunder. Whole villages are (aid to follow this trade; and fortius re.ifon the boats never flop in their neighbourhood. The inhabitants on the banks of tlie Nile are very dexterous in the art of fwiniming, which they fre- quently cxcrcife in ftealing from the boats, if not with open force, yet with a degree of addicfs and au- dacity worthy of ihe mod noted pick-pockets. They reached liulak November the loth, which may be confidered as the port of Cairo, as all boats that come by the Nile difcharge their pad'engers and caigoes at this place. Our hero, in advancing to Cairo, having examined one of the great branches of the Nile, was dcfirous of feeing the other between Cairo and Damietta. However, by the rains and other circumllances he was prevented from acconiplidiing his intention, 'ill the lucceeding ye.ir. In the mean time he gained loinc know! dge of the language of the country, and became more familiar with the manners of the Eaft. Mr. Haurenfcind, too, who, (incc his arrival at Cairo, hid learcc ever gone abroad, now determined to ac- company our traveller. They left Bulak on the t (I of May 1762, failing at fird gently down the Nile. Eroni Cairo to the Delta, the river is very large, with linall ides fcatiercd through it ; which, when the river overflows, arc often tranfportcd, by the inipe- tiiofity of the dream, from one (ituation to another. This occalions frequent di(putes among the villagers on the banks of the river. Uut, at this time, ihi; Nile was fo low, that their boat was f'everal times a-groiind. Thc\' might have proceeded with the dream, in the calm, during night, had they not been afraid of pirates. A north wind blows ufually through the da\ , and oppofes the progrefs of boats down the river. X'iolcnt blads fometimes arife, and bear land and dud before them, darkening the air, and en- dangering the fafcty of the boats, which are com- monly very indifferent failers. All the villages have, iiulced, guards to watch the approach of pirates, anti warn padengcrs. But thole very guards often join witii the inhabitants of the villages, and (it out barks theinlelvcs, to plundcf thofe whom they (hould pro- tect. They arrived at Sida on the 3d of May; this is a very coiifiderable village, between (\iiro and Dami- etta. It h.is three mofques, and a church belonging to the Copts, the congregation of which coiifids of three hundred families. Thofe good people invited our tiaveller to fee their church: it is ill-built, dirty, and hung with cobwebs. During the public wordiip, they dand, leaning on their daves. Their churches arc adorned with bad paintings. Ill the courfe of their voyage they faw fevcral boats which they fulpctletl to belong to pirates: but none of them ventured to attack them. They faw, 9 li likewire, ',.1 ; 1 II ' Hi ■ it 1,1 . ! 742 NEW COLLECTIOX ok VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ;i 'H ' ^^-«>v^ likcwifc, fcvccal rails laden wilii pens and olhcr earthen ware IVoiii I'pper Egypt. 'rhoCe t.ir,;;H's of eartlien ware are lixcd upon very light planks of ilic timber of the palm tree, joined into a rail, the pro- grefs of which is direded by lix or ci^ht men wiih poles ill their hands. .After felling thiir cargoes at Daniietia, ihey walk home. They defend theiiifelves ver\' dextcroiifly, with llings, a^ainll robbers. 'ihey palfed by M.iniiir.i. It feenied of die fame fi^e as l.lamiella. A wall has been built upon ihe branch of the river near tlie ciiy, to hinder ihe water from eiiiering the canal that communicates with llie lake of IJaheir.i, in a larger (juaniity than is reijUihie for watering the fields of rice, of which a great deal is railed in this part of the country. Below Maiilura ihcy inci twenty boats laden wiili bee-hives, which they were bringing up to make lioncy on the banks of the river. In each boat were two huiulied hives, lour tiioufand in all. The .San- ilvak of Manfiira lav in the neighbourhood, with a party of forty Haves and doincllics, to levy the lax due upon the bees. They arrived at Damictta on the 5th of May. This cil\ i^ at Kali as advantagioully filualod a* Ro- fetta. The imports fiom S\ ria enier at this port ; and it has alio a great trade m rice, of which there is much raifed in the ncighbourluiod. Act, no Chril- tian nicrrhant, or Kiiropean monk, relides here; al- though there be in Dauucita, .1 conliderahle number of Maronitcs and Arnieiiian>, wlio communicate wiih the church of Rome. Formerlv, a conlul and French incrcliants rtfided in Damielia. ISui, the inh.ihilaiits ohlervmg lliit that thole llraiigers made too free wiih liicir wonun, role up in a ■ ry, and inalfacred ihein all. The in- habitants of Dainieiia arc .;enerally reckoned more tinfrieniily to ilic Chrillians, ilian any of the other inhabitants of I'gypt. 'l"hc memory of the Crul.ules, perhaps, keep.> up this invcieiatc aver(ioi>. lUil, a^ our travellers wore the Turkilh drcl>, and fpokc ihe language of the country tolerably well, they had no- thing to fear. Theic aic many rice fields i:i ihe neighbourhood of (his cilv. I5ut towards tiie (hore, the ground is covered with land, and conlequinily barren. To travel by land from Damieila to Rolctta, ii is only a journey of a day and a half. JJiit ilie road is very dangerous, being mftded with robbers. M. Niebul-.r being lo near the fea, went to fee the Bogha.s, two (icrmaii leagues below Damictta. 'I his mouth of the Nile is not Ids dangcious to vcilels than that of Roletta. It was foriiierly defeinled by a fort: but the garrifon have been frightened away bv (uppofed app aiiiions. Our hero viliicd it in com- pany with fonic Mahometans, who faid their prayers very devoutly in tliat abode of fpirils. 'Ibis was the only tune M. Nicbiihr remarked this fpccies of lu- pcrfliiion among the Mulfulmans; the luppcjlition of apparitions being unknown in y\rabia. The lake of Baiieira extends from Damietia to Ghaffa. The inhabitants being poor, and from their infulalcd (iiualioii alinoll independent, aie lo be dreaded equally by land and water. - They rob all travellers without diflinOion. I'his, therefore dc- tericd our hero from examining the place. A niinib.'r of the villages ,5ih. Our author now procedji in giving his defcriptions of Kgypt, Cairo, Ac. for which we (Iiall refer our readers to .Mr. liriice's travels. Speaking of the in- habitants, he l.iys that the Arabs and 'lurks from all the provinces 111 the Ottoman empire, (oim the moll I'lniierous part oi ilic jjeoplc of Cairo. I'here arc alio .Magrebbins, iir .\rabs from Ilarbary, other Afri- cans, PerliaiK, and 'J'ariars: iill tlieic arc Mahonut- taiu, and molt of tliciii allached lo the feel of bchalei. After tin MahoKietaiif', the (.opts are the next in Hiiiiiber. 1 licy occupy whole quartuii ol' the city, I anJ very large llrcets. Ihey have a gre.t itirtnv churches, both in the capital, ani)alh, and no gnotis can mU on that day, a!«h<>tl;',b btlonging to Chriltiaiis ir Mullnimans. The (Ireeks have only two cburclics in Cairn, in one of which the fervicc is performed by ihf na- iriarch of Alexandria, and in the other l)v the bifhc;) of Mount Sinai. i he Armenians, who arc not i;ii. merous, have only one church, but thai a hjiidiornr one. From Fuicpe here arc levcral Irenrh ar.t! lialian merehai.ts, but no Dutchniei*; ye t liie Dutcb have a conlul here, as well as France and \ cinci;. In relpect to the entcriainmcnis of the Kafl, our author (ays that il.t; Olmaiili, or Turks of dilliiidinn, who are (till aiiacl..(I to t!'e ancient military inlimi- tions of the nation, annde themlelves chielly wiiii cquellrian cxtrciles. The principal inhaliilanls ol Cairo meet iwiie a week in a large fjnare, fallcil Mallabc, with a innnhcr of ailendanis on hnrlcback. In this fquarc they play at lierid ; vrhirh confills in running, by two and two, with the Itirriips loolc, purfuing one another, and tolling (laves four Icit long: thcfe ihcv ihiow with fiich force, iliatifaiiy one be not upon his guard, he is in danger of havint, a leg or an arm broken. Others while ridini; a full gallop, thn w balls into a poi placed upon a hcip of land. Others, again, llioot tlie bow ; an e.vercil.* in lucli repute, thai pillars are crcttcd 111 honour ul ihofc who exhibit extraordinary proofs of (Irciigth oj' dexterity in launching ihe arrows. When the Nile is at in greaied height, the «,rf.'.t about Cairo divert themlclves in liltle boats l|.'liri- didly decked out, upon the birkets in ihc middlL-oi the city. Upon this occalion, they regale the inha- bitants with iiii!{ie, and oden wi^h lire-work... A man originally from 'I'ripoli in liarbary infnrm- ed them, ihat the pacha of that city uled (uMteiii!:i.' to cretl iwo (calfolds, with cords running hrtwriii llicin, and upon ihele miniature models of ihips nt war, armed with caiiinms of a lize in inoporiiun to that of the vcdel. Thole veflels, thus lufpendcd in ihe air, and commanded by naval (ifiirers, who di- retted the evolutions andthe lire of the (mall arnilcrv, prelented no iinentertaining reprefeiitaiion ol a ha light. The captain whole vedel lird (ulfered conh derable daniaae was conlidcred as conquered. U'lt ihi* ?Wm m\ ■ - ■ "f Hi -- I' ELS. M. NIEBUHR'S TRAVELS r ii u o u n ii ARABIA. y have a j^rct iiirtnv and at Miiliclalik in alio iclidcs at Caiio. 713 orii the ancicDt !•' R^P- lis account, call ihcitt laiaoli. But tlicir uii! i'ii"ianrc, aiul vrctch. li)Vfri-igiis ol aiKitni 20CO M'ars iiiulcr the coii(]iiprors, and have * i>t ioniiih-. I hey ini^iia);i', tlicir rcHoiun^ 'Ik'V are ri'(iiircii to ^ f tlic Arabs, wlio luv^ (Uinlry. OI'llio duni. ("opts Ionic idea inav of llic mimlKT olthrir ill iiumbcf at the jic- 1 iliey arc now on'v ii'roils daf':, ncNt nlur jjits. Some rhanl'rcs well a? Karaiips, vho, a lynai^omic (,|' ||,(.,r iincroiis and ptiwciluL ;ic citlh.Miis; an nrdor- nil wealth and rrc i::, I of F.i;ypi, il (V lindii , tViaii in iho other pni. [Irpends upon the ra. not how (i.K)n he iv.av riiitcndani of the rul- iiioplc. One proof uf [c\v,< i'n]ov under the c <'i;.ccsi;f ihe ciill(inn nd no gfiods cm pali giiig fo Chrilliaiis or churcliCs in Cairo, iu perf.inncd by the pj- hc other by the biihc;) liaiis, who arc not nu- , hut that a liaiidionir ; Icvcral In-nrh ar.d liner*; \ rt (l;c Diiicli ''r.incc and \ I'luci;. iicnls of the Kaft, our ir I'lirks o( dilliiictinn, u h-iit niilil.iry inliilu. t'liilelvcs chiclly wiih ncipal inliiibitanis of 1 laTLje f;;iuire, filled ndaiils on horlchacL. rid ; whirh conlllh iii ih the Itirrups looic, (liiij; flavcs four feet itli force, that if any i» in danger of haviiii; thcrs, while ridiiii; at ol plareil upon a heap tliir bow i an cxcrcil" crcded in honrmr of / proofs (d llrcngth w WJ. .tell bright, the urcit ill link' lionts Ipk'n- kcts in the middle ol tlipv ri'i^alc the inlia- hh tire-work^. i ill Harbary inform- t city ufed (uinctiintj s riinnin)? between models of /hips "I (i/.o in pniportiuii to Is, thus lufpcndcdiii val Dlliirrs, who di- oftb'cfinallariillcrv. pitl'cntaiion "I a ha 1 flrd fullered conh- as cuni]ucrcd. l^m ihii his diverfion often ended in feriotis quarrels among llie couimaiidcrs, and was therefore alxdiliicd. 'I'lic noblemen's fcrvaiits exorcifo thcnifclvcs on f(iot, in throwing, oni a.;aiiill anoihcr, (laves five or fix feet long; and thus learn to throw the (Jcrid, wlicii on horfcback. 'I"hc common people and pca- fjiits divert tlicmfelves with cudgel playing. C.ladi- ators by profellion there arc, too, who cxliibit in public. But Haves are their only weapons; and a fmall cuniion fadcned under the left arm, fcrvcs ihcni as a buckler. The young people of tlic villa;;es .Tniiire tlicmfelves at divcrlions much the fune as fcveral of ihole which arc pratlifed in Kurcpe. They run, leap, play at the ball, lonietimes at odds and evens, and at Kdlim; a luiniber of linall Hones into the air and recciviii;^ iheiii again into the hand. It is natural for a people who live in feclunon from fociety, and in fubjetlion to arbitrary autliorit\, to be fond of public fellivals. 'I'hcle art celebrated in K:;\l>t with much pomp and ceremony, particularly the fediv il upon the (Icparlure of the pib^riuis (or Mecca, u( which fcveral authors have given a de- Iciiption. Che other fcalts, belides this, arc numer- ous: each niolque celebrates a feall in honour of its f Hiiiiler ; upon ocealion of which there is a procediiui (if perfoMMd all ranks; and the people are pcrmitled to divert ilieinfelves in an adjoining fi|uare. Tlie Copis hive their leads, as well as the .Mahometans, and contribute, by tlieir ceremonies, to the general ainiifemcnt. Siimeiinies thele fedivals are rclebraied by night. Tlic llieets are tiien illuminated bv the blaze of reli- iKHis wood in a clialinn didi, held up on a long pole. Th -v life alio another more luminous llanibeaii, which i- a inachuie conHlling of divers pieces of light wocxi, to which are bun;; a number of fmall lamps, and the vh'ile earned on a pole, as the former. \\'hen tliele fiHiv.ils arc celebrated by day, the people divert tliomlelves upon Iwings, and other limil.ir divcrlions. Throughout I'.gvpt, Syria, and Arabia, the lavo- titc auiuleinent rtf perlons in anv degree above the very lowed clalTes, is, to fpend the evening in a pub- lic collee-houfe, where thev hear mulicians, lingers, ami tale tellers, who Ireijuenl thofe boules in order itKarn a trifle by the exereile of their rclpctlive arts. Ill tliofe places of public anuifemeiit, the Orientals riaiiuain a profoiiiui lilcnce, and often fit whole evenings wiili(jut uttering a word. T'hey prefer coii- veriliig with their iiipc ; and its narcotic (umes fcein very hi to allay the ferment of their boiling blood. Wiihiuit recurring to a pbylical reafoii, it would be hard to account fot the general nlilh which thel'o pcojile have for tobacco ; by i'moking, they divert the Iplecii and langour which hang about them, and bring ihenil'elves, in a lliglii degree, into the fame ttaic of fpiriis which the ( piu'ii-eaiers obtain from that drug. Tobacco fcrves them inllead of llrong liquors, which they are forbidden to iile. The koran prohibits playing for monrv ; and for this reafon the Orientals lelilom play at aii\ game cf ch.iiicc. They know nothing of cards ; but at Bombay our traveller met with lour .\r.ibiaii merchants, who played with chinefe cards, fo large ,iiid thick, jliat noi one of the four but had enough to do with both hand<. Sonic young .\lu!iouieiaii merchants, whom lie hirprifed playing at Bombay, concealed their game with an appearance of aiiKiety, till they learned thai he was an Kuropcan. T'lie (iieeks aio loo jiolilh- fil, not to imitate our manners ; ihe\' (hew ilienilblves good Chtidians, by playing with i)ur cards, and a •Ircp game too. The inhabitants of the F.ad have, however, fonic games, more fuitabic to their fedentary life, and Iplcneiic humour, at which they play without keen- iicl'j, and merely lo fill up the vacant hours. Such are chefs, draughts, triflrac. The ;\rabic names of thcfe games, and their anliquiiy prove ihem to have hccn originally introduced from ihc Had into Europe. If the Mahoinetans (licw any degree of padioii for an\' one game, it is for chefs, at which they Ipend, foinetimes, whole days without interruption. Buttbofe who enter into the game with this kccnncfs and feri- ouliiefs, arc reckiioiied dull by their companions. Ijillcad of wooden chefs-boards, they ufc a white linen cloth, with pieces of a dillercnt colour fewcd upon it. When the game is ended, the cloth is wrapped up, with the victors and the vaiKjuiflicd, amicably mixed within it. They have another game, which is plajed upon boards, marked with two fcpiares, one within another, and thele divided diagonally, — with Hones or (hells of dillercnt colours ; people play at it with black and while beans. Tl.erc arc inanv others, panicularly an ancieul game which ihc .Aralis call Lai el Kab ; it is played with fmall bones of Iheep or goats; and the v.due of the fevcral drokcs in the progrel'-. of game is delcrmined by the appearance of one or another of the lides of the bone above. T he elder Orcek and Latin authors fpeak of this game, which mud have given 1 lie to the ul'e of the dice. At the time of (jur travellers arrival in Cairo, there was a numerous company of iilayers, Maho- met.ins, C'hrilliatis, and |ews. Their appearance b.'fpoke their poverty. They played their pieces, wherevrr they wen invited, for .i moderate hire. They exhibited in tic open air. T'lie court of the boiile was their thcati? ; and a fcrecn concealed them from the audience, when they changed their dredcs. Several Kuropean merchants had lived long at Cairo without feeing an Egyptian play; our travellers there- fore invited the company to the houf'e of a married Italian: but they were not much gratified cither by the mufic or the pla\ers. The piece was in .\rabic. M. Niebuhr was not then luHieiciuly mailer of this language to iindeidand the dialogue ; but the fable was explained to him. T"he principal charatkrwas a female ; but was aded by a man in woman's drefs, who bad iniieli to do to hide his beard. 'I'liis heroine enticed all travellers into her tent; and after robbing ihein of their purfes, eaul'ed tlicm to be beaten oil". She h:id already plundered a good many, when a young merchant, weary of the iiifipid repetition of the fame tricks, cxprcded aloud his dilapprobation of ihe piece. The oiher fpecfator.s, to fhew that their delicacy was not inferior to his, joined his exprellion of dilappro- bation, and obliged the players to thip, although the piece was not more than half done. T'hough few plays arc reprefenicd in Cairo, yet puppet-(hcws are very coniinoii, and are to be met with through all the llrcets. This exibition is rcpre- lented upon a very narrow dage, a fort of bo.x which a fingle pcrfon can calily carry about, and into which the performer goes. lie fends forward his figures through holes in the coder, and makes them perform the ncccdary movements by means of wires palling through the grooves in the lid of the box. With an inllrument in his mouth, he gives his voice a (hrill- ncfs aiilwerable to the li/.c of the figures. The whole together might merit aitention, were not the pieces, which the tadc of the fpetlators in Cairo requires to be performed, abfolutely execrable. The puppets begin by paying compliments, quarrel by degrees, aiul end with beating one another. The magic lantern is a favourite amurcmcnt in the l'',ad : and jugglers are to be fecn in all the public drects : they arc paid by a voluntary contribution of the f|)edators, but that fo moderate, that their pro- fedion fcarccly enables them to live. Monkics, dred'ed up like human beings, alio contribute lo the amulemcnt of the populace. Thofe wbolcad beads about (or exhibition, have alfo llicep and ades who are taught to perform fome diverting tricks: but what at fird furprifed our travellers mod of all, was to fee ferpenn dancingt however their wonder ueafed upon confidcring the indind of this animal, which fecms to have a natural tade for fiiunds, CHAP. 1 11! .1 '-'Hi i| W: it\ T^ 711 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. C H A P. II. mi r'i ./. ^V iii ftH Our Tt.nfl'crs dflaycd-^Rcitlons ibfreef- Prepare for tbrir Departure from Seria^us, i^e. — M Ac for Suez — Priati to Adgerud — Dffcription thereof— Riueb liir-SrieZ — Account of the (.'il\ — Aihentures and Olfervjtioiis — 'Jt.iirm to Mount Sinai — Tuivel ll.;ncd to examine. 'J"he Iv^yptians had been at war, during all the lilt year, with a I'mall tribe of Arabs who dwelt in the environs of I'or, which rendered fucii a journey impracticable before the return of the caravan from Mecca, the condudor of which had been connuifriuncd to negotiate a peace will) the offended .Arabs. The caule of this war was the intcmperaie rapacity of t!ie .Arabs, \vhoj;ain their livelihood b) liiriii;;out camels, and < arrying j;oods between Suez and Cairo. A number of veflcls laden with corn, are lent every vcar Irom Kc;yptto Mecca. Oni' of tbele vellels had anchored near Tor, to take in water, which i> belter and cheaper there than at Sue/; and the captain haraMice, who was .1 renegado (Ircek, and had never tiavellcd before; and a young Jew of .Sana, wiio had before travelled the liime road u\-i'>\\ which they were entering, but was regarded with lo- vereign coiilt-mpt by the Mahonif'i.ms, on account o| the naiion to which he belonged. Mono oftlul'.- could be of itiutb Icfvice to tlKui in ilicir inicrcourfi: with the .Arabs. They had likcwife great occafion id fu|)ply themfclves carefully with provitions ami arii- cles of furniture. In 'he defarts through which thev were to travel, a ten .md beds were indirpcnCjiii',, necelfiry. Thev had a neat colleilion of kitchen uienlils made of copper, and tinned witlunu and within. Inllead of glafles, which are fo liable to hi' broken, they iiled alio copper bowls coitiplcielv li .. ncd. .A bottle of thick leather ferved thepi a? ,1 caralle. Their butter iliey put up in a leathcni ij,- In a wovidcn box, covered with leather, and paKc^ out into Ihelves, they Oorcd their (piceries oLili \\„i^, and in another (iniilar bo.\, they laid their c.iiidlci' in the lid of the latter, they lixed an iron fockci' wliich ferved ihcin for a c.indlelliek. They had l,u,.(! lanterns of folded linen, with the ltd and hoitom «| white iron. For a table, with table linen, they laj a round piece of leather, with iron rings at ccr. tain dillances round it, through which cords vtcrc pafl'ed, after their meals, and the table hung, in ihi- form of a purfe, upon one of their camelj. liiitilxv iinpiudently put their wine into great ll.ilks, inftcad of goats-fkin bottles, large emnigli, each of iltcni u coni.un twenty ordinary bottles. Thefe vales o^ very liablr v.t be broken by the jolting ofihe caincL as the\ found by the lofs i>f« jiari ol their wine, .All except M. Xiebuhr hired I'.orfes. He, out of curiofity, preferred a dromedary, and found no rci. Ton to repent of his choice. On a camel, the fnKic is always open above, that it may not hurt t!ic bun.ii of the animal ; but a dromedary's faddle is m.idc li\c a horle's, an for tbe liberty of palling through their doniinioin. This chief regulates the departure of the caravan, iis journies, and the times at which it is to relt. But Imall caravans, (uch us our travellers cmplovcd, whole e\peditions are (hint, have no fiicli guide. The chief merchant in tlic party, always halts and proceeds as he pleales, and the red follow liis exam- ple. When none of the mcrclianis in the company is (oiifiderabic enough to have this inlliirncc, llie -Arab who has iivill bealh of biliden, regulaics the relh Our iravtilers did tiol know the precilc time at which ihey were to let out, till the iSih of Aiiguft, when iliey law tro< ps of pali'ciijjers begin to move. Tlim *'^-*.«,^k4,^;^^,. n *•• M-1 M. NIF.KUHR'S TUAVblLS through ARABIA. 1 heir i.ir^van liiid no very formidiihlc al'iutl. I'.c- jiii; in li.iii'' I" l<^' ""' Ifom Cairo before llic (;ri'.it .j|.,v.iM, wliitli S"L"^ always to Suez iiiiiiidialcly aC- , r ilii' (li ('i'riiirc ol' llic vt'dl'l', llu'y had not more chan li'M) i'"iii'l> \^liitli were loaded wiili torn and r,,iiirial.-> r.ebad. Tlic r.rt-al road tonfills of a miiiiher of paiailel patl'.s, fumicd by eamcis who uavtl in liles, jull a* they pleale. 'I'wo rnilcs liom (jiro, ihey law' a hjuaic area entlof^d widiin a wall, {■;sffA le. I ii;»;''., ill wliuh the piin'.ipal ijlialmauis (.f Cairo alien. hie to receive the Kmir lladi;i, at his rc'.uiii froiii Meeea. From this place to .Ad ;erud, wuhin four leagues of Suez, ihv to'imty i> a.iloluicly jdil'.iil; li" the fpace of ihiee and '.weiii) Ir.unies, iitilhtr houi'e.s, water, nor t;-.o lai.ilLll Ipot of ver- iliiic hiiiii; I" he feeti. l„iiK on ihc i.'y'i>, ihcy di ramped, after l.ikiif:; a \a\ ihi,hl rtfi. tiMifiit. 'I luy liavelled onwafd-, ihiiuiii italics, ciolleil the iiioiniijin of Wehbcj ■ aiiJ .ih'iut fun let, incamped near the hill of Taja Tie H'e.'i caravan froni Mecca had palUd on ihc piccedmg nmlili but as tlic) travelled liiillur to the I'.unh, our (rav< Hers of tourle failed tt) meet them. | Hirly on the luxi day, ihey ptocetdtd tt) Ad^erud, nhire iravellei.s uic iiidiiCcd lo hail, Ly linding wa- icrl'.i foi diinkini;. .Xiljjerud i) a linall eallle, iliat has hern built by li'i- luiks for the piouclio.i ol ilic load, and th.e pnTcrvaliou of the welLs beiweeii Sue/, and the eii- irjricc into t'r.e deiarl. Aliliuugh buiit only about the ondorthc fixieciuh century, U i.s now ruinous. Wiiliin three hours, they reached i'.ir-Sue/, where re two deep wells, furrouiided with walls, and (hut (■ Willi lliong S'lics, lo ixtlude the Alabs lioni the kjlcr. lliis waler, ilthou^h bad, arid alinoli unlit Lr Imman ule, is however preeuji;s lo ihe ir.h.ibit.inis cil Site/., a.s it lirvcs lor ilieir ealilc. Il indrawn liiiili ilic wells in leathern buckets. liir-Sucz bein^ eiilv n Ic.TjJuc from Sue^, they le.ulied tli.it tily oi (.iijj liaie. Uy Nt. .\iebuhrs oblei vation.s, it is ilmu-l'vo oidinary leagues, or liiite and twcTity Cjer- 11.111 miles Irom Cairo. Ti;eiuy id Sue/ (lands upon ihc weflern (ide, but D. ! j^:" upon tlic wclU in e.Miendiy, of the .\ra!ile ^,,1. It i'. not furrouiided with walU; but the luuiles ;.i,-litiili fo tlolily loi;et!uT, that there are only lw(i I'lllj^es into the city, id whicli that ne.iied llie lea i.s ii;i'n, the oiher Hint |)y a very inluiheient S'l"-'- ' '"■' heiilci arc very ftirry llniftiires ; the kans beiiij; the I'liy fcilid buildinns in the city. Mardly ;'ny pait 1 1. w remains ol liic eallle wi icli if.c Turk.s built upon i';i' ruins of ihe ancieni Kolfiin). It is ve;y thinly iiiuilmril. Amoiv.; us inhabii.ints uv I'ome Creeks, n li ,1 lew f.imilies of Copis. IJiit, about the tune of il'.i' ilcpaiime of the licet, ii is crowded witli (hangers. 'I I'e ground Iviii^ around it, is all <;ne bed of roek, (:^;iily covered will) (and. Staiee a plant is to be Iccii any where in the iicighlKiurhood. i'rees, j;ar- li.:::, iiic.uiows, and fields, are eiuirel)- unknown at ^■17, 1 I 111 is the only ariitle ol pi.ivilions pleiiii- fi.1 hiTc, All oilier luxtllain.* ol life, Ivu boili men and the domcllic .ininial.s, are brought "om af.ir ; from Cairo, which is three days journey diftaiit from Suez; Moiinl Sinai, at the dill.incc of fix days journey ; o#<;ha not a finale fpiiiif^ of water, i i.ai at Hir-Sucz is (rarccly good enough for cattle, tljcii^h drawn to Suez twice a-da\- for their ufe. 'I'he water of the pretended wells of Moies is (lill worfc ; and belides, thele wells lie at a league and a half's dillanee on the other fide of the gulf, 'ihc only waier (it for drinking that is to be liad here, comes from the wells of Naba, upon the other (ide of tlie gulf, and more than two leagues dillaiu from Suez. I'll" .\ral)s an the carriers. Ship building is the chief employment of the in- h.ibitanis of Suez: although wood, a;i.l iron, and all the other materials, are lo be brought from Cairo upon tamels, and are, of conlecpieiu e, very dear, (he fliips built here have a very awkw.ird rudder, made of a large beam, the ule of w hit h is dangerous and inconvenient. Our hero faw a vedel in this har- bour of a dillercnt tondiuttion, whicli had been built at Surat. So dur.ible was the wood of which it was formed, that, although it had been in cunitant ufe for tw'ctuv years, it was (till in a perfectly (ouiid (laic. 'I he governor of Suez was a Bev from Cairo ; and h.e kepi a very luimerous houlcl.old. 'I his employ- meiil pl.iced him in a lor; of honour.. hie exile; and being thcrelore very delirou.s of returning lo the ca- pital, he liflened eagerly to any predictions re'pttting the period of Ins return thither. lie alluicd our travellers, that a learned Mull'ulinan had f' retold the t.,ne when lie was to be recalled j and he wiflicd th.eni lo tonlult ihe unknown inlenptions in the de- lart, and Ice whether ihey niigh.t r.;it corhrm the pred tlioii t)f the }>rophetic Muliiiliiiau. However Xiehuhr and his parly e\cul'ed their. IlIvcs, ns igno- rant of the (uhlime leieiice which uiivciis (uiurity. This I'icy was a Mah.ometan by bath, and tli^ (on of u liigar inei chant. ■| he Scliicchs, whom they had liircj to condufil them to Mount Sinai, notha\ing fiillillcd their eii- gigemcni, our travellers refufeil, upon their return to Suez, to pay the whole lurn that had been llpu- latcd. Hereupon the Schieehs threatened to kill them, but our ir.ivellers let them know that ihey were able to defend thenilelvca. I'hcy then deelaied that thev would deprive them of the water ol the N'aba. Mr. \'aii Haven replied, that this was a matter of no tonletpience to Europeans who drank wine ; an aii- fwcr wliieh moved tlic 'I'uiks to laugh at the cxpcncc of the .Arabs. Hut, as their tribe el']iouled their tpiaircl, it was fei ioiillv fe.ired that tl.ey iiii^ht execute wh.iltluj thte.iteiied, and r< duce the euy to diltrefs for want of waler. Wheieloie, the govemoi begged tluni to terminate t!ic diHereiice, .iiul pay the Sehietbs wliat ihry demanded: with whitli rciiuell M. .\ic- biihr cheerfully complied. f)nc tl'.ing tint the\- had in view in their journeVi was to e.saiiiine th.e IliUtif liilcripiions in the dcfart; aiidthe\ -veie, lherelore,de(irou5 of receiving all pofTi- ble inlonnaiioii conceiniiiglo remark. ible a place. On tlu II arrival iherelore .it Suez, they applied to fome {.reeks for iiitormation concerning that bill. IJut none of them had ever heard of the name of ]ibbcU el-.\Iokatt. b. 'I hey dircded iliein, liowevcr, to a Sehiceh ol' the tribe of Said, who had palfed bis I'.le in tr.ivelling between Suez and Mount Sinai. Thai Scliici II was cipially a lliaiiger to the iiaire of the Hill of Inftriptions. ISut, underilaiiding that they would give a eoiiliderable reward to the perfoii who (hould guide them thither, be returned ne.xt day with another Scliicch, of the tribe of Sacealha, wlio pretended to have a particular knowledge, not only of thai mountain, but of all other places in the delart wheie incripiions were to be met with. However, by hi.'i aufweis to fome quellioiis, our travellers foon faw that he knew as little as ilic former ol the place wliicJi they willisd lo vilit. At lall a Schieth of the 9 C tiibi: r; i'ifi! lit m 7lf> NEW COLLKCTION or VOYAGES and TRAVELS. II 'i i i Urn Si^'l '■'•.V.Wfc^;4.l|,^;.. tribe of l.igliai was brought tlu-m, wlio, by his cnn- vcilation, eonviiicfd tliciii, tlijt lie Imd fccn (tones in- fcribcil wiih iirikncwn t liaraiters. W'^-n he learned tlijt llie cibjctl of tiieir turmtily wa< called Jihbcl el- Mdkattcb, he afl'iircd theiii thai this was the name id' the mountain among all the Aralx who knew it. Plral- edwith fiiidiiig, at length, an iniiai)itaiit of the dt (art, at Kail, who could '•iiide them to the place where the inlciiptions were to he iecn ; tlic\ (klcrmii"d to take him for their cuiiduftor, eljieciall) he muIc his ;iho(lc, as he told them, was near to that niouninin. Jiiit the other iwo Sohieel..^, who had bron,;!:! them the latter, varndv opi'oled their pini'.orc, ;ind ir.fiOed upon ac- company. nj; ihrm as Will as h •. I'lic iMhahnanis ol Sue)!, adviK'd I'lcm to take tl/.ni all three, and told them, itiai ihcy coidd not travel the detart in ('alety, without having f;iii(ics fiont every one of the three Iribcs, th.it inh.ahiied the countrv between Suez and Monnt Sinai. Accordingly they took the three Schicchs, who fup'died them with camels for tliem- fclves and their (civants. To prevent difptucs, they had their conirati writier out h)- the cadi of Suez, in the preferec of the j;(i\( inor. 15einj» anxious to lei out in time, ih.at they fnicjht return to Suez before tie hr(f (hips (hould fail, they chofe the beginning of Oilobcr: for in the liictced- ing months, the palfa;;- to Jidda becomes too dan- gerous. .At this time thaii painter, Mr. Uaureiihend, had fallen ill, immediately .ifier their arrival at Suez, fro'n the e.xcellive (aligiies wliiili he had unilergone. Nmwiihllaiuliii'' his afhiianee was nectdary in their e.\|iediiioii, yet M. Xiebiihr and Mr. Van Haven relolved to let out bv themlelves, leaviut; Medrs. Foifkdl and Crain-.-r at .Sue/., to take caic of ,V1r. Baarenficnd. 'Ihcy eioiled the !;ulf on the Gih of Srntemher 176^, and let out next morning with their Arabs. Befidc the three Schiechs and their Icrvanis, ihey were accompanied by levcral of ihofe people's friends, who had, for fome time, carried water from il.c wei's of Naba to Suez, and were now goirg to lee their friends in the delart, honing to live at our travelleis fxpcncc by ih.e wa\'. It is a rule with ll'.elc |)coplc, that an Arab of diltinftion, t:.ivtlliiic;, mull mainiain all who choole lo accompany liim, whether 11 b" at bis own delirt or not; and our travellers, as ihey lived at fome cxpcncc, were thought to be very rieh. The fird day ihry travelled along the toad of the Arabic gulf, through a landy plain, having a few hills Icattered over it. 'I'he .\iubs call (uch plains, when they lie foinewhat low, vnlHes, becaufe ^satcr remains (tagnant in iheni after heavy rains. They relied utider a palm-tree, .Moles' rouiiiains. Tlu fc pretended fountains, are live holes in the (and, in .1 well of very iiidiHerent water, that becomes turbid whenever any of it is drawn. As the holes bear the name o( Moles, the Arabs afcribe them lo the |ewi(h jdw-giver. Alter a da)'s journey of (ivc German miles and a hall, (hey encamped un the (and, in the plain ol Kl- Ti. rbe country ilirotigh which they palTed, is famous as the (cenc of the emigration of the Jews, under Moles. They were therefore defiroiis o( learning from the Arabs, ihc names of all the places, and of all tiie mountains, cfpccially in their wav. Mr. \'an Haven who could not refolve to make himIcK familiar Willi the IV'doiiiiis, could obtain nothing but vague and uncivil anluers fiom them. M. Niebiihr again Ibiight to gain (he coididence and friendlhip (i( One of thole .\rabs, by making him (ome prelems, and cau- fing hill) to ride fometime.'. behind linn upon his camel. l-'rom him he received honell and diilinH anfwcrs. To the objeels which he pointed out to him, he gave the fame iiaiiics coining as going. M. Nicbuhr like- wilc ineafiircd the diltances of places, by counting the (tcpsof the camel, and comparing the tiumber wiih he time in which they were travelled, by his watch. Uy means (jf a coinpafs, he diilinguifhed, likewife, the dirctlions o( iliC road. Ncme o( the Arabs im- dcrdoud (he nature of this inflruini-nt. It is plainly, therefore, an idle 1 ile, (hit they fullow the dirt, (i,. of the coinpafs, in travrllmg throui;h tl.eii dd'art^, On the 8ih of Sepieiiilier, they travelhd tiiKu;..' the plain of f.ird.iii. TI.ey law, on their way ■ enormous inals ■<[ rock, thai had fallen from a nVi ; houiing iiiount.iiii. They enieriid next llie va|](.v t ("tirondel, and, after pioeeedmg five miles aii,i , half fiiriher, found ihemfelvcs in t!ie vicinity of lii bel-Hainmen-Faurum. ,\'ext day, (ending ihcir|., vants forward, tliey thtn'.felves Hayed to c.Naip.in- thefe environs. In the rainy leafon, a coiifidcr ' >! loi rent inns lhroiii;b the valley ofC.ironricl. h n-,, at this time diy ; \e;, liy dini^ing in the berl, i,) ,\^ dcpili of two leet, tliey found better wal.r than ihi whiih is iil.'d at Suez. This valley ntii beiiio d 1 ciiiit in water, has in itfeveral trees, and even grov,., that app ar (iiigulaily linking to iravellersfioiiiCaj, who have fe'.n no fimilar appearance in the prcvic ' part of their jouincy. llainman-r araun is the name of a hot fprim-v.liifi. riles h ■ two apertures nut ot a rork, at the luiii n| hij^h mountain. It is nlcd in bailis by the ntn'b:- -. iiig lick, who commonly flay foriy davs for .1 curr during which their only (i)od i.s but a fniii, luli. ' l.an'af, whiih grows here. Aw ''.Menrivc hiir 1, •,! place near the baths, fujgefted doubts in our tijvd. ier's mind of t!ie bei;.-hc ul e{Tr,'fs ol this recin;iii Ihc tradition that the [ews palled this way, aid [i,,, IMiaraoh's army was drowned iiere, has occafioiu' this place to receive the name of Hirkei-el rjraiui 'Ihe .\rahs imagine ihat I'baraoh is doin^ p.'iiancc ,;: the boiioni ol this well, and vomits up the (ii'phurio ; vapour wiih which the water is iinpregtialed, I his e.illern (idc of the .Arabic giilpli, i^ i(ilrr-'"i' hvel .iiui unifoiin. Uui lb" oppoliie (idc isonr 1,11 •': (.f lofty mountains; broker however, aiiddiv:.: \ by two vales, one of which muR be pad'ed by la ;rj. veiling troni I""gypt to ihe llioreof the Red .Sea. 'I'he)- turned by d;grees towards the north-call, m purfuing the dirett road to Mount Sinai, and at Ifn;;!i entered a narrow vale, which appeared to have ban cut by the torrents, in the rock. The niouiiij < which role upon every fuie ot them, in uiiiiiterrir ;. ! chains, witc nialles of a fort of lunelloiic in:.'r;;.i-. gled wiih veins ofgr.initc Ii> levcral places ilirniih them, M. Nicbuhr difeoNcrcd a tpiantiiy of pfinhid diells, of a fpci ies whieh is to be found with thi l;i. iiig fhellfifli in it, in the Ar.ibic gulf. One of thuf: hills is entirely covered wiili (lints. The granisc became more and more plentiful, as they approach.J Mount Sinai. Their road lay of'.en along the brink of prccipi.r, commonly thr( kattel), our traveller began to hope that lie nii(;iuiil>' this opportunity of going thither. Uut the coiivrrli- lion of the Schiccli made hiiii foon give up iImi hope. 'Ihc Schiech bad given notice ofhis arrival to Icr- ral ofhis (riends, who, to ihc niiinher often or iweh •, came to (ce him. Our hero left him to entertain Vm giielh, and in the mean time ranged over levcral hil!> in tiic neighbourhood. He fav.' by accident, in i fcquedrred fpot, a wretched lent, the dwelling ^'' their Schic.h, in which were his wife and fiflor, billy grinding corn. One of the women came out i.i the tent, to prefent him with a bit of gum, and dul not refufc a fijiall piece of money in return, At 1 litiie icir guides wuiili M. NIEBUHR'S TRAVELS through ARABIA. 747 liiik- I'linhcr didancc, he mei ihe SchicLh's fon, \vho wjs uiulin>» noain, iind tonvcrfcd wiili him fui a ton- lidfralilc tune. M. Nicbulir was liirprifcd at the Iciilc, ur.ivil), and alluraiicc ol'tlie rliild, who Item- ed 10 l"i i" "" dt s^fie, i-iiiharralR'd liy the jircleiice of a lli.umer. He invited our iraveller veiy kindly to tlu' iioiilc, to drink foinc e.xcclliiit water which had hccii driiwii III) that lame day front the well. He liad here an oppDrtimtty , however, called liy tiiile Hcdoiiins, lieit, which lii^nifies houfc; becaufc l\)C\ i.i'i^ no olliir hollies than trnis.. Mull of their Scliieili's friends were didingtiinied by liic fame title ol Stliiech, .ililioiif>h nowiie fiiperior in till ir air or dill ., to the viii^.ir Arab». 'Ihe title, t'lcrcfnri', IS liippoii d to niean no more aiiiun^ liie Arabs than mailer, or lir. Hiini; di'li rniined to proceed on to Mount Sinai, llii'V lei I'lil Ironi llie ciwclliiin of their Scliietll of Bciii-Ie^hat, on the 121I1 of .September. 'Ihe eoiin- try bccainc more inotinlainous, as lluy advanced. Vt tliey palled throiigli loine pleal.iiu vallies; Inch »crc thuic ot (.'hannl.i, I).i!);ir, liarak, .itui l>eiini\. Ikloif iejcliiii>; the vale of IlVaiiU. whieli, alllu)iii>li |iiiiniiiiil< (I will) rocky and prtcipitons imniniains, d!f;'la\s loine rub and chicrfnl piolpetls, tbey were obli|;ed to jjo over aiioihcr loliv and ul noil iiiacellible h;ll. In this \ ale tbey met an Arabian lady attended bv a fctvaii!. In relpcCl to tiuir ."^chkcb, (be qtjiltcd till- road, alit^lueil from her camel, and palled them on loot. Another woman \eded, and walking on font, who happened to meet ihcin in fo narrow a part (if thr v.ilKy of (ieiiiia,- that (be eoiil I not avoid then), fat down a> tin y iiadtd, and turned her back upnii llicin. \l. Nkbiibr gave her the laliitation of riifc i but bis ciiiidiictors lohl biin, that (lie had turned Iicr back in n Ipecl 10 tlu-ni as (Irangcrs, ami t!ut lie liaii done wrong in l.iliniiig her. At the didance of neatly ('e\en (•erman miles from the (Iwellini; of their Sebiccb of the tribe of I.e^hat, ihov found the alxide of lluir other Schiech of the i.'iIk- (if Said. 'IJic latter was as little willing as the foiini'r b.id !)cen, to pal» fo ne.ir bis (aniily without fi-iiii'.; li.eni. 1 he)- were aj^ain theiefore obliged to liMVc the bi:;bway, and to follow their condudor half a lcj;;iic out of the road. Tlu- Arabs let up their tents Cfjr a tree in the valley of Taraii, and led llicm to .itmile ihcmfelves tlicre, in tbebelf manner they could, till they went to fee their (ricnds in gardens of date- irccs, Icattcred over ihc valley. They were at no i;re.it dillancc fioin their Schiccb's camp, which con- lillcd of nine or ten tents. They were mrormed that the ruins of an ancient city were to be (ecu in the rcit;hl)(uirliood. Hut, wl-.tii the Arabs found them ciirioii% to villi it, tbt v bit tlicm and would yive them no fuiiluT account of it. 'Flic famous valley of I'aran, in which they now virre, has ictained it.< name iiiichaiiged (ince the days of Mofos, being Hill called the X'allcy of Karan. Its length IS ctjual to a jourm y of a day and a half, cx- ifniliii'', IVoiii the foot of .Nbiuni Sinai to the Arabic (.nil'. In the rainy (eafon, it is lilled with water; and liie inhabitants aie then oli!i;;ed to leiirc up the hills: it was dry, however, when tlu y p.illcd through it. Thai part of it which they faw was lar from being fer- tile, but Icrved as a palhire to goats, camcl.s, and .ilfos. The other part is laid to be very fertile; and t'e Arabs tt)ld our traveller.s, that, in the dillritls to which their (Ihafirs had nom-, were inany orchards of d.itc-tiees, which projincd fruit enough to fullain fume thdufands of people. I'riiit mud, indeed, be vciy plenteous theie; for the Arabs of the valley btin^ evciy year to Cairo an allonifliiiig quantity of dates, railins, pears, apples, and other fruits, all of VMelleiit (jiiality. Some Arabj, who came to fee llu-in, odered them fre(h dates, which were yellow, but fcarcely ripe. The chief of their S>.biecb's wives, (for lie had two) came likcwife to fee them, and prcfcntcd tbem with fomc eggs and a chicken. The two wives of the . Schiech prefidcd over two difTcrciit departments of his affairs. One was placed at fome diltancc frc^n where our tents happened to be pitrhcd, in order to manage a garden of dat^-trees. The other was their neighbour, and fuperiiitended tlic cattle and the fcr- vants. The latter would not enter their tcnts; but (at down near enough to convcrfe with them. She complained of her bud)and, who ncglcQed licr, dit^ faid, for her rival, and (pent all his lime in di awing water in Kgypt, or in carrying articles of merchan- dize from one place to another. The Kuropcan law, by which every man is conlined to one wife, appealed to her admirable. 'I'ins was the fird opportunity .M. Niebuhr had of converdng, without rellraitit, with a Mahometan female. They left this place on the 141I1 ofSepicmbcr, and, after travelling two miles further, in the valley of Faran, arrived at the foot of (ibbelMula. Up tills mountain they altended a mile and a half, ai.d en- camped near a large mal's of done, which Molis is faid by the Arabs to have divided into two, as it at prelent appears, with one blow of bis rod. Aiik ni^ ihole mountains tbcy found (cveral (prings of CNCcl- leiit water. The Ar,Tbscall |ibbcl-Mtifa, tlie Mount of Mofe.*, all that range of mountains which iilcs at the interior extremity of the vabey of Karan ; and to that part of the range on which the convent of St, Catharine Hands, tbey give the name oflur-Sina. This fimi- larity of name, Owing, mod probably, to tradition, adords ground for prelumption, that the hill which tb.ey now reached was the Sinai of the |ews, on which .Moles received the law. It is, indeed, not C'.dl) to comprehend, how (ueh a multitude of pvf>ple, as the Jews, who avcompanied Molls out of l'.g\pt, could encamp in thole narrow gullies, aiindll fii^luful and precipitous rocks. Hut, onr hero liippofe^ iherc are plains, that he knew not of, on the other l:de of the mountain. Two (Jerman miles and a half up the r.iountain, (lands the convent of St. Catharine. The body of this inonaflery is a building one hiindrtd and twenty feet in length, and alinod as many in breadth. Before it (lands another (mall building, in which is the only gate of the convent, which remains always fliut, ex- cept when the bifhop is here. At other times what- ever is introduced within the convent, whether men t>r provifions, is drawn up by the rot)f in a balket, and with a cord and a pulley. The whole building is of hewn done; which, in fiicb a defart, mull have coft prodigious expence and pains. Ik'fore the convent is a large garden, planted with excellent fruit-trees. The Arabs fay that the Monks enter it by a fiibterraneous pafTagc. Thefe Creek ccclefiadics are notallowcd to receive an luiropcan without an order from the bilbop of Mount Sinai, who relidcs ordinarily at Cairo. He had promiled our travellers a letter, but bad fct out, without their knowledge, to Condantinoplc. llv the favour of the Knglifh aniba(rador at Conllantinople, they bad obtained another letter from a depofcd pa- triarch, who bad refided three years in the convent of St. Catharine. Uclieving that this letter might he fulficient to gain tbem admittance, thev prefented it to thole clergymen, through a (mall chink in the wall. Tbey took foine time to conddcr, and, after making them wait long, let thcin know that they could not re- ceive them, as they had not a letter from their bidiop. During this parley, many Arabs, who had obferve J the Europeans from the neighbouring hills, gathered round them. They are paid a certain fum for every ftrangcr that is received into the convent. When the bilhop happens to be prcfent, the gate is opened, and the convent muft entertain all the .\rabs who come in. This cuftom is very burthcnfome to tbofe poor monks, who have nothing but alms to live upon ; and have their provilions, which they are obliged to bring from Cairo, often flolen by ibe way. The Arabs arc ill i'/ ' ! .1 ) > 4M 1%, II 1' ' ■ '1 748 NEW COI.LKC IION r) i VOYAGKS and '1KA\'EI,s. ill Ri-iuT.il very (Linj^crous nci;;hbour'<. Tlu'v often fire upon the coin.ni from ihe .idjiicciu r.uks. 1 hey feizc the monks whciicvei ihey liappcn to (iiul tliem viihoiit the walls of the moiialU:ry, and relurc to rc- h-jfc (hem, without a confiderable ranlotti. .Not to occafion tineadnels to thole m.nks, our tr.ivelliTs retired, and enc inijied at a ijunrler of a leanne'wlid.inie fiotii the iiionallery. As ,i rcom- r rnte (v'r lli t dilcrilion, tliey ininiedi.ilcly received u jiiclen: <•' liiiif.«, wliieh were l>i)5hly arceptahle. Our lieiowilhed t.' i honfc from amon:» liic Arabt who hid ijather'H about them, a guide to condutt him (1 Smai. khi-, however, then (ihalir^ would II n permit, 'vliich occahoiied a quarrel amon^ ih.in and (he ether Arabs, \e\t d.iy, however, tiuir Sihieclis brouj;'" linn an Aiab, whom they qiulilud \^i:h the title I.; Sihiev-hcd Mount Siiul, |opro(ur(: bini lomc j r.iht from them, by the rii;!it wiiiel-, In- then ario^.i'til to lumlelf (I aiteiulinu (tran^' r» who came to vilit the moiiniain. I'ndcr ilieeondud (d tins iu'wly ritaicd li.rl . Sinai, willi ihcir other Sdiiei In, iiir lieio alii i, .,. on tlM> lame da\ , to elambei to ilie iuinmii oi ,' mountain. It is execidiii'iU (liep. I he ^,tl;^■. have cut a (lii^lu r.ibs aie regaled at the expence o( the (iieiks. ili; Mahometan ^ulde^, imiiatini; the piaclires wliulnh v had l< III t!ie pil);iiins nblervr, killed the iaK.fi. 4i,j repeated their pi avers in the chapeli. C II A 1\ III. •w H-: ', ■ 1 : via umiak 'mi ' •' o> '"■em B i '7 '•<•/»• RrlHiu frvi: Mrunt Smti — Mt — U'nyb Anrlrr—Hr Hjrl-iir cf •tnr — Mr. hr/kal : tt is I'r t'lti'liy fj l-J,,J' f.ifrr R/---Xhif f-.tJiiitUi — ifllci in iiti»:;iy 'flrini^ I unit — 77v U vmeii lOnr.'/rJ-- .h: Ju/ifi/r nf ti:,- /^i;_ , j»r>-:h ibc Ijk "f Afjlaiii — 7-v «« ^''<* Oi(u/tr.ii — l.trtidirahU f^an^er oii'it^ Ic the I'ltut • Jh-'tiiirum'/.i — //>■ f ] y.iinto — .V.iw,- »/'//',■ /'it/finj^ff.' IjnJ — VAf r/,' j i .mj on ihiir i >y^t^c — •"ippy "I i'f:^iji',. . Jidda — DfJi.ri}tf:H thtrccf—Hf marks, tff. Si:r n www. the «r,ib, in the nfiemcon, tl.ey dc- !ceiu!i.d jUiL^iMufa, and palled the iii);ht ..i iIt hotiom of that t'liir) iiinuiitani, at tlie opeMiij; into the valley ofK-iran. XeM day, alier advaiicui,; three niiies llirou^ii the vale, ihey liabid near ih.e dwel'ing cf ihi-ir Scliieeh of the tube of Said. 'I heir Chafirs left them a>;aiti, ai-.J went to fee liu if friends in tlie gardens of date-trees. IJurii-j; then abfenre, our tiaveli^rs had met with a Noii :« .\iab, tiding iin a dromedary, wlio !iad made li;mkli ihunk in one of thole jjar'iens. I'lideidamliiij; tl al (licy were F.uropeaiis and Ciiridiaiiv, lie be^an to puur out abufivc Ian(;u.ine ai^ainll lliem, iniu li in the lame liraiii in wIikIi i:i inl'iient and lit bred vouiignian in Lurope might perhaps w,;iiioiily aluilc a |ew. From tliis incidcn', tin \ judged that the Ikdouin-t uled wine. They eould not iu-lp reinaikinj;, at t!ie (aiiie time, that the law ol .Mahome!, wiili ^!rcat wildotn, foihids the life of (Iriiiij^ iupiur-., as lliey have I'livll leiidenev to warm the pii'liouv, which, with ihe in- liabiiaMi.s ul hut (iiiiiates, have nauirall) but too much violence. In slir cities, indeed, man) if the Maho- inctsiis are in rh.e !'.il;it of ^etiin;; drunk, r.ut. either for lliiiiie, or for iVarol punilhiiient, thry never ap- pear (iiunk ill jiiiblic; and lake this v ici'jui iiuhi'jjeiice only in ])ruate, in tbcir o\vn houfes. K.vtepi that \ ouiig man, iluy ntver faw anotlicr .Mah^iiiietaii bru- t.illy diiiMk, dm In;; all tl.'-ir travels, i'lidr (iiiafirs leturiied, atui i!;> y eonliinu'd tl.'.ir jii'iiney ori the 20th li the i\i inih. Next day M. Nie- buhr advanutd beioieliis lellow-tTavclkrs.oii puipofe again to vievv iln: nv)i:niain. I lie ikm day ilie\ had an ojiportiiniiy td feeint; a pan of tljc road which il^L-y liad pair d by night, when travelling; to jibbvl-Mufa. Ill tt.'is jila. e, iH ir a dehle, named ()m-er ild>;-lein, ihcy found (ome iiifcriptioiis in unknown ebai itlers, vliitli had been mentioned to M, N'iebuhr at Cairo. They .^re eoat'el)' fii;'ravcn, appaieiii!)' wiiii lomc poitiied itillnimci.l o| iron, in the loek, withoui ohicr or rej5'i!aiity. i heir .Arab, itu^uclit the ijine lull wliicli was (pent in eopjinj^ iliofe iniciipii iiis. On the 2jth oC Sepien^ber, tlicy arrived again at Suez. Mr. Jiauretd'eind w a' iiiu'.!i recovered. Ilefore they could reaeli the city, tl:''/ had lotrolsihc lain<' arm of tlie lea, over wliieb they l.ad been fenied when thry fit out on ih-ir journey ; hu: thf ■■ (•,■■ liiul no lioai "ii the Falb-fn (ide. IVre- ,vii :^ i,,,,. e\er, that i:de wis •, bbiiin, ili'-y vrntutcd lu ! j: ; thispariol . ;;ulf. I lie\ (u. • t i-.i^J h,i|)j)liy, j , lie norih fro'ii the ru ns nl K<'lluiit. '1 iiiir imih I* Walked (leadily ; and the .'Vr.ilis who w.ided, Sii- only in water to rlie kiii-e«. 'I'lus was perliuuv thr !;; ; time that any Kiiiopeaiis attempied to |)af» here .i: ,: \ manlier. Thi.* .ittempt proved that the waters ii, li ■ fjulfarc much iiiilueneKl by the tides, ai:d t! j; ia t'.c ebb, the Red .Sea mas lie lafely padid on fmi, .Mier .M. .Niehuiir's r; lurii lo ,Sue/., he was dcr.iout to evamine alio the weiJiMi (idc of the gulf, ami;;,: ddj!)inin>; hill*. He could prevail with iiopriKinin accompany him in fo ditiRerous an exptdtiioii, lor, at the linalltll dillaiKc from tlie ritv, th.e p.lfcimr ;< 111 no lels danger of Jieiiig robbed, ihaii in the (Kl.iii. .•\t !enj;ih, however, an .\r.ii) undertook in he j .i Ruide. Bill he tieiiil.li d at ihe fii;hl of eveiv laim.n beinj; tliat they met; and inched thofc whom ini . met, lieined lo In- no lefs afraid of llcin. I hi; teazcd and vexeii .ts !;e v.a-, our iiero ciuld rr,,v„ ■ but lew intcrelhnii oblervaiions in thefe peitv e.\,ai- lions. lie now, for the In (I time, olifcrvcd .in appcir-iMi : with whicli he wa* (ingularly llruck : but vilii^iii. ■■ came afterward* lamiliar lo him. .\ii Aral), \\l... he law approacliili^ at a ddhnee, upon a cni'.il, .■ pearcd to move tlirou;;Ii the air, with the j',i;;.ei:, bulk ofatriwer; although he was trav(■l'i?^;• al ;ici'r; injT the canal which is l.iid to have joined ilie .\' with the Ar.ibie (^ull. No Aral) would euiulu. l bun iiiio ih.it part of ih? eoiintiy tli:'Mi;;h wlin I; i; i. pr.ib.ible that the canal mij;lit pifn; boc.iile ili" nib.' who inhabit it, were at variance wiih the iidi.ili, ;;■;;'- of Suez. In the nei'.;bbourliood of Suez, he tnirJ find no trace of any can;il ; iinh fs the valUy id Niol- beiha, between Ilir-Siicz -ind the city, may be rc;;..!*;- ed as fucli. Alter the raiui, a cvnfhLi.iu.e iiiuiiiiiy Cit 'vWoi^kut U'lil, s. M. N I K n U 1 1 K ' S 1' R A V T, L S r n .: o u r. ii A R A iJ I A. I'J iicttly cr*-aied ti.ni ^f li». I'lir lu-i(j iUlf.ir;i!.,: II) (III- liiiniiiii (i| ,1, ' ,■ (l<-.'|). I lie (,,i.,.j|'> li'pj (U llic tUj> ,| ||, , nii'd rill k. c convrnt, tln-v Tuuml a lutli' [!:im.s, Illicit |,p I) (• lix.r A (lli.ulaud cdiiaicil lo t'lif lilui^i \f this, ivvoothir i!i,i. cli llic (ravtll, r ( nil,; t)ik rpDii this |,| ,, itl lii«li Idtn.iU, i.j iii'c t)( ilie (ii(( ks. Iii( lur puti ires v» hull i|, y killiii llic iiii;,"' .,1 lupcli. ^^^*»>:- hunkrune/'i — //» / J .7 Hulv^h- .h. r::ry; l-u; tli"- r. !<■. IVrci .vir.-^ ; , . ili'-y vrntuud lu . , . 1 < «Clitll ll.H)|li!v, J , ;. "KlMII. 'I iirir i,,i,. , ilu »liii w.vltd, s,.- i.H was |), ,i.. iffi vcd .111 apjiirs' . • iiuk : but V. hi,:; ; II. .\ii AijIi, ui. I', iipnn a cuti ■!, .■ ir, \\u\\ tlic j,i;;.i'i; < irHvcllin^ al in ;1 lavtllcTS Uk'llliui II, lo a pf-ciitiar ttf. . iii.ilcs, liy v.ipinir;', (lom lli'jii; \\li\!. !... lit'™ iiTiain r"ncf'r h.tvc joined tiic \ Aral) would loiidul V tlir'ill^ll wiilil; il ■. Is ; bi-T.iillo ill." Ili').' • Willi llic iiili.di.Miiis d of Sucj:, I.c cnn-J \s llic vallty lit Niol- city, may be rc::i;ii- .•vpfldciaLi.c iltijiitUV uf ,,| w.iior remains Ilas{ii4ic in tlii'. v.ilc, wliitli the in- lialiii.i'il'' iJi''**' f'"' "If '■ '""l wlirii llic w.ilcrs arc ^uiii.' i,iC i( is finiii covered Willi ^r.ils. iliiiini; ''"•''■ alileiue, lever. il fiiiall rarav.iiis li.id liicftlli^el) arriNed at Sue/; and llie .iiiiv.il ol llie iiicJt raravaii (rom Caiio, (ollowed loon alter ll i ir f(;liiiii from Mminl Sinai. Aliliou:;li from pii.iK s, liiiipcilv lo cilled, there \s Utile to be feared in llic Aral'ic gulf, yi t, lo iinlkilfiil arc the iii.iriiicrs in tlifle l.iiiti"l<'s. '''"11 they dare not venture to any dif- lance hoin llie coall*. Iliii timorous mode of failing ,i,iiilit expole a (iiik(le xelFel to the robbery of the \f,,h«; to avoid whiL!], llicfc lliips fail in little Heels; f,i„r always leiliii'.; out l()j;etber, that th;y may join lodili'iJ ll emlelves. After the .iiriv.il of ihe earavani, Sue/ fccmed more populous than ('airo; .itid as liii.li a multitude could 11)1 liinn 'i'"' iulililleiire tin re, all were ca'jcr to let out (utiiout delay. M. N'lebiihr was retoiiiiueiided to the pijllers of two Ibips that were lo mi', the voyage. Alihoui^h now acciilloined to live with the .Mahomc. I ins >et, in il"'"^ p.illai;c lo [ulda, they liilfcrcd a (i,..irce of uticaliiiel's which liay li.id not felt upon iKCalioiis ol ureau r d.tn);er. Some (im l.s had hinted 10 tlii'i", '"•" ''"•" Mi'lluliiians tlioui;hi ( hrillians uii- (v'oriiiv ol making this voy.ine in the compiiiy of the pili;iiiiii who were jouriieyiii!; lo ilie holv ciiy ; and il'.al upon lia- account they (hould not ijo abroad with 111 ,.» upon their kct. Some of the pi!>;riiiis, indeed, fcciiicd lo look iipviu iheiii liiilo lels unl.ivourably (lull .1 Capuchin ;;(iinq to |'Tnl.dciii would re^;:ird a I'l ilfdiini. Hut, to l)C obli;;ed lo wak without (hoes I.. ,11 the deck, was not an humiliatini» dilliiKlioii, foiili.i'd to Clirifliaiu : it was a rellraiiit to which all on hoiiil were fubj.-cled. .Nobody in thole vcllcis but M'llt w-"'^ upon deck without (hoes. ■liiavo;d the co.np.iiiv ol the Mahometan.:, lhe\ had fired an .ipattineiil .ihuli ihey ih m^hl the bell. In a chaiiibcr opp >ii;c to tlieiii. Iodised a rich black eu- nuch, wlio was RoiiM '*• ^!lcca; and, iifelefs as ii could not but be to him, \>a4 ,>( compaiiied with his liiivjlu), like a 1 iirkilh lord. In a l.o\;e apartment iiiulcr theirs, were forty women ami (laves, with their (^•ildrcii, whole ciNing a:id node i;a\e them no little li.lliiib.ince. Every one of the other p.illeii'^cis bad lured a place upon the deck, where li,- remained with his bales and parcels around bun, h.miiL^oiii , a imail fpace vacant in ibe middle, where he rni-lit drcis liis vtcliuU, lit, and deep. Their (iriek l.iilor,s, who vtxi very unlkilfiil, Wfrc perplexed by ilul'c inciiin- hriticci, and could not j;o about to ma!M;;e liie vellel, vi.diDUl tr.mipliiii; upon the noodi of the iiiercliiiiiu, vili'ch produced eiidleis dilpiiics. Iheii vclKl, although lan;e cnou ;li to have carried 31 Icall forty nuns, was verv deeply laden, lleli.les I.er own ficight, (he towed alicr her liirec lari;c (li il- laps, and one fmall ; the three larq-r filled with pil- liiijjcrs, liorles, (fuep, and even women of plea- lure. 1 lie maOer, an Iione.T merchant fro:,i Cairo, whofe 11 .'lU' was Schureibe, would not have liecn dilliii- i^iiiliud ainoiii> the (eatneii of t.uiope. lie took upon liiiulclf the talk of pilot to the vellel ; but w.is'indeed a verv unlkilful pilot. Iletween the two c niipailcs, where Kuropeaii navii;,i! irs Ictaliglit, he had pliced a lar',^e magnet, to rcllorc, iiiiporcepiibly, a> he laid, iliiir iiiagneiic virtue to the needles. It wa.s with tiiliirulty that M. Nicbubr pcrluadcd him to re- move it. With fucli fcamcii, however, they were obliged to fiii; although they durll not \iiitiirc (uit into the ij|Kii lea, but coalied round the lliores, at the rilk of hiMiiv; dallied in pieces upon jiiuiii^ rocks, or (Ir.mded Lpiiii banks of coral. They had paid the mailer for ifiir padage, immediately niter agreeing for it. IJiit, according to the cuitoin of the cuiiitry, they were obliged to give an acknnv Itd^emcnt lo the l.iilors before going on board, w:;;ch, m oilier places, i.s not c.vpcdid till p.ili'engcrs he leaving the velfel. To»voidai,ydi!'a{jre(;..I}leciicoutuers with the Other 8^. [iilfengers, our adventurers had lakcri care lo go lird on bo.jrd. 'I'luy had yet fevoral d lys to v. lit, till ill,- governor (hould infp.ct the (hips, to ice will iber they were not overladen. 'I'his duty he ne- ver (ails i.i perloriti; for a f'.iiii of moiie\ is pa)'able to iiim fiom I ,K 1) vellel, upon the occalion, which conditiues a p. in ol his revenue. At leii';ili, alier all tlicle ''.v.iays, the four fliips weighed anchor about midniglil, on the loth of Oc- tolier. The fide upon which they palled would have been duigermis, if the wind had not been favourable; for it is covered all over with coral rocks, 'i'he Ihips cill .iiulior every night; and they b,id then liberty to go on Ihore, if they i bole to run the hazard, in order to fee any objetf of curioliiy. I he harbour, in which they happened to call an- chor, was once a place of fomc coiilideration : but thclniall lort o! Kalla and for is now riiiiiou-, and without a garrilo:i. In its neigbliourhood, however, arc fome remarkalilc villages, the inhibitaiitsof which, as of all liiis ban n coall, live bv lilhiiig. The iiihabitaiiis of Bclcd-cn- N'.dfara arc Creek Chrillians. In the neighbourhood is a convent, but only a fiiiglc ccdeliallic in it. At liir is a well, tl.e water ol which is b-ltcr than at .N'aba, but not eipi.il lo wh.il the .Vrabs biiiig upon c uncls from the lulls. All the pilots wdio lail between Sue/, and Jidda, live ill the villa:;e of [ebil. I'.acli of thele pilots receive live hundred crowns for the vo)age; and iMins f-ime- thing, bclidis, in the courle of it, by iuilructing yoiin,; perloiiswho accomp.iny him, to learn his art, which conlills merely in diltinguifhing where the (anii-banl.J and beds of coral lie. .Mr. I'orfkal went on fliorr to vifit the pretended \'alley of Ellin. The eecleliallic belonging to the Ciieek convent, feiit a guide to condutl hini thiihcr. He loiiiid it overgrown with date-trees. .As h did not iinmediatel) return, a report arol'e in the vellel, that he had been detained by the Arabs, (or alteiiipt- iiig to take draughts ol their hiils. Some merchants, who were alio |aniflaries, let iiidantly out, to relieve and bring bun iiack. ilappil)', the repoit liirncd out to have been fallcj and Mr. I'orlkal returned, wiihuut l;a\ ing met with any uii| .ifant .iccident. They coiiiiiiued, till they had fiiled as far as Ras- Maliomnied, lo call anchor e\ery night. I'ut, be- tween ih.it cape and the co.ifl ol .Arabia, tin y had to crofs the Red Sea .it its full bieadib. The f.uiopeans think this the (afell route, as there is not, through the whole, one rock on which a Ihip can be wrecked: but ll I-' Turks think tliemlclvcs undone whenever they lole light of land. So inaiiN ini.si'ortunes happen, indeed, from ilie ig- norance of their leanien, that ihey have reafon for iheii fears. Out id four vellels tli.ii had let out r.uher too late in ti;e forc;,;oing )ear, two had peridied in the!,' latitudes. In their padage, they found ilicnifelvcs in danger of a worle misfortune than diipwreck. The (emales, who were lodged under them, more than once lulFcrcd linen, which they were (Irving, to catch fire, in con- feipienc;; id" which ihe vellel mull have been burnt, if our adventurers had not been alarmed by their lei earns, and h.adeiied to their adillance. The le- cond time when this happened, their captain was enraged, and lent down an inferior odirer into the leraglio, to beat the wonien (or their carelcITiicIs, The iniliclion of this punidiment produced, at fird, no Imall noifc among them; but it was followed by four and twenty hours of a Iweet filcnce. Thofc wo- men were indeed extremely troublefome tiiid iiidif- crcct. Hearing their voices (b very near ilieni, our hero was teni]ited to look through a chink, and law tliiee or four of them naked and bathing. Noihiiig remarkable appeared upon the track by which they failed, iinlefs a few fmall and defart ifljiids, and the fummitsoffomediftant hills. The lad objcfts that remained within their view upon the coall of tlgyp!, were the famous mountains of emeralds, called by iho Arabs Jibbcl Sumrud. 9 D . . Oa li -(lili % J i. i, I., r j;'i ;-s.'i' (Ml. './''^ .^ 75° NEW COLLKCTIO.V oi VOYAGK S and TRAVI: I.S. U''t L .' i In b^' 1. ^ On tbc 171I1 of ()tki)l)pr, an crliplc ol ilu- liin liap. pcned, which li.id hccn lorctnld 10 ihc lapi.iin by Mr. Fi)rfl;.il. Mc (hi'wcil this pha:ii()nn;iMiii throiinh i;I.iIIoh lollic c.ipuiii and tiu- |)riiicip.il uk ich.ints, >Mih which ihcv were much pli'alcd; (i>r, aiiioni; the Mahoinciaiii, a pcrloii who can pn-ditl an crliplo, pallcs (or an imi- vxrfal I'cliohir, and rlpci lally lur a very Ikillul phy- ficiaii. Mr. Korlkal was conlnlicd by I'cvcral of the pa(rcngers, who lancicd ibL-niU'lvcs luddcnly (ick. He mentioned lonie harmlcls iiu-dicincs to tlicni, and recomnicdcd cxcrcilc and a pccnitar regimen. At length, OIK' of the pilgrims cotnpl.iininn that he could not fee by ni>;hi, lie facrtioudv .idviled him to li;;ht a randle. I'his huinouroiH prclcription did him better fcrvice than the moll pnifoiiiul lUill in lucduiiic could hive done. Thofo Mudiiliii.ins were pleafed to find him thus accommodate liimiell to their maimers B'>d became ver\ loud of liiiii. W iicii ihey came near to the I'mall ide of KatFani, the Turks be^aii to e\prcf< their |oy at h.ivingelcaped th>- danj^eri of fiitli a pallaije, and havinn lo nearly reached the coall of Arabia, (.annons and iinilkeis were fired; the (hip and the boiin wcie illumiiuled vitb lamps and laiiurns; and all was jxullatioii and jollity. Ihc (ailors went round with a bo.\, aikiii'.; a dole from ihe pa(lcn^er^; every one Rave fome trille; and On.,' then thiew into the lea, — not the inoiie} ,- - but the b()\ III which tliev had collrtled it. ('ontintiiim their (oiiile, iluv incurred confider- ahlc dain;er, in doiibliii); a c.i\ie furrounded wuh banks of coial, becaiilc ilu ir piK't was drunk, lie had (Veqiiciiilv alked (or hi.indy, <>n pretence that he could not (ee the hills cr the oiiilme ot theco.ilt, unlels his (ii;ht were cleared by the dniikint; of a lit- tle llriiMj; lui'iur. 'jMiey liad rcfuled bini, for fear oi givin;; (jfTeiicc to the other Mnlluliiians : but they loon faw that they are not lo iViiipiiloiH, Iwrtlic cap- tain lent to them e\ery moiiiin^ for a (piarier (d a bottle of brandv lor !,:•, pilot. 1 he ( .reek mcrchaiils might perhaps ha\i- made him drunk, by adding to the dole which lie received daily liom the turo- pcans. 'I'hcy arrived foon after at Jamlio, a walled town near the lea, and having a lafe harbour. Not having fccn a (iiigle hoiife (nice they had left Tor, they (elt no fniall pleafuie at llie (ii'lil of [arnbo. Such as meant to take Medina, on their way to Mecca, went on fliore here. I'lirce of their parly alio landed, and took their labres in their hands, like the other pallciigeis. An inhabitant of Jambo, (up- pofiiig them I utks g.ive ihem the laluiation of peace, and entered faiiuli.iily into converfation with them. But learning ibai they were f ranks, he became vexed at having profaned his form ol faliiiation, by addief- (ing it to t 111 iiliaiis, and pallionately railed at the in- foleiit audacity oi thele infidels, who dared to wear arms in Arabi.i. Jlut the other Arabs not (econding his complaint, their lellow'-travcllcrs came on board, witlioiii incctii.'.; with any other unplcal.iiu accident. After Hopping for one day in this harbour, they proceeded upon their voyage, retiring by degrees from tliccoajl, near wliicli many beii* of coral rocks were fcaticrcd. liiey iiad an opportunity of (ceing the town of Maflura, whiih Hands at the foot id' a hill of the lame name. 'Ihcy doubled tape W'aid.iii; and anchored near Rabogh, a permanent habitation of a body of .\ral).s, who live there in teiiis. They purchalid fiom them a plentiful (lock of provifions. Pilgrims, in their (iril journey to Mecca, are obliged to aflume the Ihliram iiiiniediatcly afier p.-'(ling Cape Wardan, if the Halo of their health perniit. Ibis is a piece of linen, which is wrapped round tlie loins. 'i'hc red of tht; body is naked i and in this ilate they proceed lh:ou({h the reil chan;'e, ihey had been obliged lo carrv vr:, ihem in \eMliaii leijuiiis, ilic w tiolc dim thjt tic,- intended to expend on their ji'ilrncy. Alu r van. 1., 1 1 oughts, tl-.e\ reloUed to put their money in tlic h,,'. torn of tlicir niedu iiu-.thell, referving only two 1; , . (bed iecjuiiis, wheie they cxpe/tcd the odlccrsnfi!- ciidoms t«i learch. The lliatagem fucccedtil; j. J no pedoii odered 10 mcive tlieir medii iiics. We enteied Jidda iintlcr llrong apptchciificin? (f ill'ireainic lit fitun il't inhabitants, RecollrHip'^ vi::;i wh.il contempt Clirilhins are regarded at (,'airo, m J liow il'.i ir conipanii'i^' h.id been infulted by ll;p Au.i at (aiiiboj they fared, tii.it th. y mi^iit e.xprrifncf II ill more <■! the iiiholpitable inlolcnce of the .Mulfi • m.ins, as tin y .ipproaclied nearer to tbctr hniiation from them, il.' was a truly worthy man, perleftly free from liipcri;'.- tion, and a irieiid to the whule human race. .M. .Niebuhr and .Mr. I'oilk.il iitlliuiied him in tic de- ments of bot.iny and adioiioiii\-. lie was very iif-'fi,l lo tiiem til the .Arabic laiigiia;^e, and cxplamiiiq '.) llicm many things uf wliidi they mud oihcrwife liavf remained ignorant. In his Nomh, be had given il,? Ki.ija fome lefTons. He had written, wiiliout M. Niebiihr's knowleilge, by l!ie lid caravan, to prcpof- (e(^ bis old friend in our iicio'j fax uur; at.d giv.; I ;ii belidc», this letter. Ai '•kkocilliut.: te n 1 . V K L S. liii',', ilit-y r.iw molt ,„ a ■;;iib UiUcrcm I,,,,,, hey u; livi'fl in itip I,.,. iluii wliirh |i;i(t iiidiiriil !■ llu- OllltT I illllli;;ct. nil ilu-y hiid.ill -..lun,; r ID mt away wiili \.,_ 11(1 to CDiicciil tl fni ;, i|lui-M (>r ll)c ciilldm,. IS in conceal ilu'ir ri.;rl', I li.iir per iciit, fliin ill i!:i jiirin[)i ; fur i.^ loai, iitul liis ii,)wn>f,n •,ui(i the I iill(Mii», liiifrr * upon Hcictlioii; ih,v t'ul plaii-s in 'I urkn, cs arc couipcl'.cJioiMv in ilie former yiMr, and • CUV, conipl.iiiiiil l,n. til ilicy li.ul hcih iicj;, (. Our iravclltrv ftiTr icir rrnrly monry, irjt IV the Irieiids, tiuirc jiilt iind favourable id,-ai of t!ie Knropeans, than iluV Iccincd to luvc before enieruiivd. I'he ,\rabs ronlider ihein in the fame lifilit in winch ihey rfSird the { hinele. They rdctin theinlclves the mine ciil^'ilPned and injiji-nioiis people; and think ihcy do ihe Kuropeaiis (;real lionnn, when they rank thcni in the fecond place. The Ki.ija was fond of cmivcrlini; aboiil allronomy. Mr. Kurik.d, whoolien vifiicd h;ni, (uri.iaii.-d liini lo fnrin a :;,odeii for plants n.arhis own houl'e, and to hiini; Iri/in the inurior .,;,ri« of ihe coiiiitr\', the (liiiib wli.ch produces the balm ill M'-i"<^''" 'hi' Arabs looked upon this as a happy ih'ii.;'. l; ai'd l!ic more lo, b.e.iiire the balm i» not to he idiiained p. ire al Jidda, but is eoniinonly forrupiod with an iiitcriirMurc of cxtruneous fub- ftanci's, hefiirt it c«)nie.s there. .Mill a fiw dayj, ihey d livcrcd ilieir letter of re- coiH.aciidalion lo the I'aelia. lie had alio loinc knowled;;cof adronomy, and wilhcdiufee I heir iiidiu- iiiciii<. lie thought llu in belter than iliole uled in the Kail, and (hewed tlieni (o a Sil.ieih, a learned 'lurk, vhum he had with hini. The Paiha and the Scliinh (pi)kc no laiij;uaj;e but tlie Tuikini, to whiili M. N'lcbuhr was a llraiii;er. Hut they had enoii;',li of iiiicrurtlcrs J and, among oiheis, iliice Fieiiih and Italian rciiegadocs in the h rvue of the Pjclia. ^'et they knew not the terms >>f (eiciice, either in their lUlive language, or in the I'litkilh. Our hero could not, of coideipience, make hiinrtlf well underllood bv ihc I'achaj and their ciinveilation upon ihele iiibii(.ls wai not loiij^ nor profound. W ith the Kiaja lie wasobliijcd lo I'pcak Aiabie, wliieli he found not a hiile dilliculi, being Ihll it^iioraiil of the terms of liicncc in that laiij;iiage. On the ill of .\'ovei!t!)er, after birinc; a houfe, iliey had llitir ell'etl'' tarried to ibe culloin hoiile, before r.iev reiiMi\ed ihein into t!ie ciiy, and were happy to linl, thai iliev weie not tlie Itls kindly dealt willilor htiii;; known lu ihr Kiaja. That olliei-r fat in an ele- \al':ti liiiiilion, wiih his tleiks around him, and di- tiiled ihc goods of the inerthaiits to be examined, (licie by piece; but ho was faiislied with opening liicif iriiiiks, and did not make them be emptied. The olhcers of the cudonis cxpett a gratuity when i!;i-y behave with ibfcreiion. The Shetille's gold- (•.liiili, who had taken up.;;i liimfelf the diretlioii of ihvir cspmce, gave tl.eiii a mile in their name pub- lirly. fli-; news ufthe arrival of a party of F.uiopfans, amuiigwhom was uii adronomer, loon reaehed Mee- ra. T!v brother of the reii;!iiiig .Sherill'e was at that lime ?dvancing with an aimy to aitaik the ciiy. Wiih ih'.' Malioiueians, an alhMnoiiier is always dpi'ined an adrologer. The Sheiilfe, tbercloie, cli- n.led his Creek goldfir.ith to itiqaire of.Vl. Niebuhr iv'uilur he (liould remain m pidl'eliion of the lovc- leijin power, or be c;).iipel!ej l:> give place to his !)rother ? Our hero cxcilfed Iiimfelffrom returningan aiifwer, as being ignorant oi future events, and aj cultivating allronoiny only to improve the art of na- vi'-alion. Hut Mr. \'.in llaveii replied, that, of the two brothers, h • who bore the gi eater relemblancc lo llalian, the founder of the fan.ily, Ihnuld remain vidorimis. This refponle turned out the more hap- pily, that the reigning SheriiFc was enabled to main- tain bimfelf ii|)oii tli<' throne. A niddeiiian in [.dd.i alked M. Niebuhr to difco- vrr to him the iliii f who had dolen two hundred fe- quins wbii h he bad lod. lie alleged the fame excufe ai ill the former cafe. The nobleman then applied lo a famous Sih.ieeh, who was a better allrologer. The Schiech gathered all his lervanis, ranged them in a line, and, after a long prayer, made each of them take into hi> mouth a bit of folded paper, telling them, ibit liny who were innocent might fwallow it with lafely, but lliat the guilty perlon would be choaked by it. They all Iwallowed the paper, lave one, who, being thus (urprifcd and cmbarralled, confciTVl ihc theft, and made rediiutioii. Jidda was furrounded with walls by the fnltan El (iuri, iovereigii of Kgypi, in the year t5i.i, to pro- letl it fnin the Portuguele, then beginning to become formidable on the Red Sea. Thole walls are dill (landing, but are now lo ruinous, that a perlon may, in many places, enter over them on hurleback. The bridge is in an equally delenceK Is date ; a ruinous battery, with one dii'mounted cannon, is all that rc- m iins to (belter it. Some cannons before the palace of the I'.ieha, are good for nothing but to return the labile of (hips wliiih enter the harbour. This palace ii hut an indillcrent building, like the hoiifes of the other Paihas throui',h the Ottoman empire. In the city, however, are levi ral line buildings Yeiiie , nothing detained tlieni at Jidd.i but i'le prevalene.' of the north wind, which kept hack the iirrival of the fliips goin;; thither lor colli c; lor there V i-re none elle wiiii whicli the*' could continue their \i>)age to t!ie fou'h ol the Arnhic gulf. At lall, Ionic of'ti'ol'e vedc'i arrived in the beginnir > ol Oe- cenihcr; ii'id ihcy wei'- advil'ed to lake their ]i,!(l,i;^e in a fliip (rom Nlafkatc bound to IloJeida, fur a T T ;<> ol coHee. Ihcy went in h.iHe to fi c this ved'el, lint were not a little lurpriled to liiid it more like a hoglliead than a fliip. It was only Icvcii t'atlioms lonji, by thiec in breadth; it iiad no deck ; its planks were cxtrenielv thin, and (rcmed to he umI)' njilcil together, but t'.o; pitched. 'I'he capiain wore iioih'.ng I.Mt a linen cloth iipnn his loins; ai.d his l.iiloii, who were nine in ir.miber, and .lil bl.ick li.tv cs lioui .Mtica or Malabar, had luithin^ to cover iluir nakednds, but ahmit .\u li,t!Hrs-brca(;ih of linen, bjun.i upon their iuunilus V i;li a ford. 15iin:; pel lu.ided in't ti> Hid li: at anpi ar- ances, thcv agreed wiili the mailer, lor ilieir pa!!.;.,'' to Ilodcuia; as the Arabs of .Ni.ii'kate aieelKen;^! pood !aiIor,<, and man.'tje th.eir lails like Kiirie'e..;i niirinersj but the luhp (Is ol the Imam are ven ir; (kii.'^ul iiavinators, and ule mats for lads, which it is very dilliciilt to manane. i lu'irhrd inteiuion had been, to .;o Hlii^'iiI'v lea l.i Moklia, as tiiey hoped that Ioimc Kn Jifh vi HlK mii;! t be found there, ilut tliry weretohi, ihat this p.illa^ • Would he extrcmi ly t< dious, and that thi v iiiiglit ir.i- vcl more agrecjhl) by land, and tou!d meet with no molcllation in ihcdominioixof the Iinani. Ilowevei, tlie danger of living among Arab.«, wh.om tliev repre- fenied to thcmlcK es fijcli as thofe wlioiii lluy h.id fe. I) m the delari, /till dwelt upon t! cr ini.i^in i;:on. I!ut their frie.v'Is i.;; ;i ..lluuil ihcm, tin! ll.iir ri..ir.s \srK' groundh Is ; i.; I r. y ai.cordin;''. U'.termin.d ! > 111 d at I.ol'.eij, or rallifr Jl Hod id.', as ti.ey fliouid th.iis begin the I >oi;o!.i5 or juivei llMr^ol I.ilu 1 i;.d lledLlJ.i: and ll; ii;t i .liuiil.« lo wl.iriitl. \ I, ,1(1 Ihcti ii^ iipiii'i.dcil, i;/..' liaiii olliers II 'i' ;! Ill: • ' "> i;i iht.lr Iwo cilies, or. I IS, t! ,( ll, ;r !),:g(;.m" WjouM J liry li.i I freijiliied ii.i veflrl for 1' It '. ( ('. -y fw.j..'( ll l.idcfi Willi .•r ( ■.( ij(c I i!ii;, by i 1,/,^ ihein, th.it to fi.riC of ilii- pr 'I'h: I'acha m\e p.ils unr.vaitiiri'. d llicmfc Ues ah •.■ Houd<. 1 i.e III.' t!i( le WT- liii i!utc!y mceHary for ba. i.di. A fiiMll fpaic '.^ I hu'.ke\i' iillolird to iai!i of t! Jni, wliitli |!iey f.Miii.l Ipre.'J w.iii .i draw niai, iiiieiidej e(|ii Ilodeifli, vi|,,, hid failed from |ulda three li.iy.i before tl.i m. T;. was an inllancc of the (low l.dling of the Ihij-s i,l y men, whole mat-fails receive lo liiile wind, t!; i: .,[ llie .\rabscan (eaice gel ;«u; of the l.ul our. 1 ; , . law alio feveral liiiall velleN, win h p'oc ceded in j',; .1 luauiier, as to (hew llicnifi Ivt .. to l>e maiie'id ', iiKii oriuiiih more (pirit than the 'i'lukifh faihirs, .\fier lev I" I d.i\s i.iiliiu^, ihi v iiiiihnu'd r,,',!; (;|;, ,,. fu'le, ,1 cor.lider.dile cit_\, hut coliiiC'iig ni' k-'' ,• huts. It Lelolii;,s lo the S|;, nHe of Me;c.i, ,i,'; g<. veined by one of I is cllicirv, mIio li\i s in i (..- • il'i-, at (line dill.ir.ce liom the cir. . I Ii; i.. . ',; •, ; ■ p.ils dailv bctwei-ii ihe iile ^\i'a] i!.,.' t"Wi', in ..'i- . ailer.d the leceipt of th.e ciiili'ii;;. .Ml li,'.- '.]['■ >v.;,i ', are ci'iploveii in carr\ing cod'ee to jJ'M.i, .in i !,|; ■ ■ i on f!';!', i', ■ \ , iili;.!ii) a general permil'i'iii lor the p i) uici'; ,!|' ;„ , I I .i.v IIS. ■file IK x! morning afrer their departure from C.l ,n. fuiie, wl-.cre the\' d.o I'd ii;i!\' one (iav, :' c^ ] ,i;i | within light "f il.i'i, \.!iiie the Shciil'V gl Mccn . ps a nam i'h IS up Ji;!' lii> li'vniioo.i-, .ind iiji.'ii tlie bolder id ilie i of Ilcdiis. 1 lie iKi'hbiuiinvr Ar^^Ls h. ■:^ cf .f II ^cnieli 'J ^ ..V .^...> .u. ...^ ..H.W. u.:L;:iji,i ilinr capMiii n-t !i d povifions, ihcy h i\ n cni'ij I'pp'irtuiiiiy of forii-.lr.g acipi.i.i.Me.cc wiLvLifc m i,j)eii »'f:i:cir n'.'r, , I pro!..ls a ril'gion whuli I cms lo li.ivc ;ie'-;i : i; i.f theii aiicellois before Mai' 'iict arofo. '11:-, 1 ,; heiid It mentioned, ih.it :I, .(.■ people li..'.c ,i Ilru' ; ini^ : ili'iii 'o .ipjii .11 III t'e clothes of tra.ellii.. :i i.iiiMii'iti ofllitir (hiptaptain, tiierefire (jiir ,i!i.i. lunrs 'irv (fed theinfelve? modi ll'.y and limi 'y, ,.: i! . iliil'ei cut fliiit\ .lid ill this glide went on fli'ir. i.i i: ed. Some lli-n i iriirdia'i;',' ...'v uiced lo ii;i cl ti." :, iiillead of a lui!).ui tlicy woie only a (Iriri; ir^ 1 1! ■ head, t'lroiil I.e llie air; and .i cloili iipo i ihc ; ■ Kj« all ll ■■■ red of liieir d^'.ls. Co.iceiv in.', i le ! ' , ,• vi'iiir ol I'lir l!uropraii> to be exprcHivc ul 1 1!; ■ an I ddlniil, i!i v ihr.'V down tlifir lantc, mA i t!, Ill ill It tlnv 1 .'d lu.tliii.g to Per. As ilies wi.'lieil lo purthafv piuxiriin', t'e; 1 : th'in to iheir u iiLi, A they approai lied, ivii.n m . 1 ,11'ic out lomicl ill ill, aii'l iid'pedfull) kiiri'il li .11(11 of the Schiecln, Vslio killed llcif heads m rii i' Mule wiiiUen wou- i,o vcili upon their Ijc'i; ; . i)e$ wete blacki f d vtiili Irod ore; and il'.yli.i lildik (p'lLs impii ffi d, a> orii iiiK Ills u; ci ihiir IiT' . , (IhvKs, and chin. 'I liole beauiies, wind- ( .)nipl. -' ' w.HA yellowilli blown, and wdu w.re alinoll tiiilol iiiime liai'dy alkeil thfiii for roelihi I, to hlaikciiili; t; <'\ev, and for Klhcuiit, to chc their iia!I» yell''. i lit V weie not a liiile m'/ij.lied, tliiit ihey li.ii f li'Hl. II to provid'- .hem' ■'v'> with ih.ole uitiJr, ' wh'cii the) might have been cn.ihted to griilif) ' ' eigeiiirlv of iho!'- f.iii ores for drefi, ami Ki fii[;'' lliiiii Willi powi ilii! ,iid' to theii cli.iniis. T'n} ^ i;aleil our heroes with milk and hiiiier, v.l'kiil ■: been kepi in v.oai fkins, and gave ih-m b.id brvnl ' ■ cat with thefi dainties. Th 'y were not difpk.il. : ■ lluir piyiiig iluiii beforehand. .Allhotl"/! \'.liii'f.. • ill ;!u d. I'.ii 1, tliey fi enied to o'lr people more civilu ■"• thaiMiioll of the oihe; I'.eiiouin trii'i''. 'I'lieiie.M day, after lli'» ii)icrvi,w,«hcy halted ihmi i inouiiima i (' WKI.S. if'fJ hivu^/.iil -.In,.- ,'\ai!f !v '■/i.6..'„v.;~C-i Ml) fl.iv of tlioir vo\ : ■ . (i.i\.. Ill I'lTi- il-.c in. Tl, .liliin; "t tlio l:'n;i< (,r V c !i> linlf \wii(l, tl:,,t ,,[: I ; of I he lull I t)ur. 1 ;, . , will ll p-ni l;>(]ci! illt',; fi lv( .. to l>c inai! i'.(fi ;. m iLc'l'iiikifh i'jiidis. H y iiiiilioi v-(l [.,■,,. (;];,., )MI ('i)llil(t'llj^ 11,. 1^.1, I , I;. iiHo of MiMM, ,:.\ V rs, u m> li\ I s ii! ,, [,,. , (' cil\. I!(-' i.. ( ',; ;. :. , iiu! i!..; town, ill ,,.,;. , (.!v.<. All ti,..-!ir;.v.;,:.. dVi' to ji.M.t, .in',,;, I;.. I II}' to ll-.i; Sill ii!!-. 'I;!,,. ipi'iii ; on tl., ,1 1. , iri, . , ;;o on (!v;i- ■, i; ■ s ,■ ior ll-.c |'i\i;;<.i,; ^t' ;,. , •irdLiMrtuie rromCl .:,. ily one liav, :! !'\ | ,i;' ,| '■|1k- Shciil''.- wl Ma-u i^ U]) III l!, • C-)'. '■!■•< if : IiOkIcI oI ll;/ |i ,,\,;;-,. Uling AfuLs Ir.i.vi; ii I i:)\;noiis, tlu-y Ii ,1 M H .it <'( th'.-ir iivii', , ! rii!! lu h..ivi; 'vxrw : j; i,;' ;'<.nict arufo. !!:■, ', .; ifV peopic I;.\r ,1 ilio"; cloilici of irj.illii,-, M ill, il'.fr(T'iro (;ii:' ,i 1\, i- >'!r|l!y ;iii(! linn 'y, .;: i:,- I'll- went on fli'irv v.v i; ' .i>lv inci'il to ii'.i tl ;; .- ,, M- only a (Irii'i; ii;-. i i! ■• ll I cidlli iijM. I the 1 : . C'o.'iti-i\ 111'.', ; ic ' . , .- '■ cxpnlVivc oi 1 1!: ,1 ' vn ilifir Linus •"''' ' Ff..!'. !*(■" pn)\ir. Ill', i':ry I : aiHiriKii 111 (I, iwii >> '111 > 1. 1 ii'IiH-drully kiCfihl lltiltl tir lu'ji!* i;i rii i. iijiuii tlif.r rj( ■■< i ; li'«(J or''; aiiil ll '.y I i.i i.itfli.tits 111 (;;i liifir lih"., lUlltS, will l\pl.' .i!;o WM'' .ilinod n.i! il 'ihIiIii I, 10 IjL'.Klillli^ : ih c ilicir luiij ytll ' >■ idcd, ili.it ihoy h .li r •< with iholt aii.i.1' , ' 1 Cllill.Iftl to RMllf) i • lor dr( fs .nil', to fui;'. Iii:il I'li.i! Ills. T'l' V I . and Inuicr, v.!.i..;i 1 ■: j^nvR ilvm b.u! bniil ' ' 'y wiTC not iliCf.lf.il-: i . d. AlilviU",!i \..ii"'r.. • 'ir pciiplj more cull'/ • ill iril'!:». rvi.w, tlicy halu'diiiMt 1 M. NIEBUHR'S TRAVELS through ARABIA. 753 ninuntain called Koncmbcl, fituate in tlic middle of llic liS) ii"'! '••i*^ ''y ^^^ Arah.s to nave been originally a volcano. It may polfibly be the remain.s of that biMiiin" ifland which is placed by Arrian and -'tol- j.iiy ill thcfe latitudes. They law, iikewife, not far oii' the city of Gelan, (ituate upon a tongue of land, oil the ciialt ; but ilu'v did not venture to approach it; for the Slu-rilf. to whom it belongs bears the charaQer of iK'ini; inhoCpiiable to (Irangers. I'licv arrived in the harbour of Lolieia, Decctn- bcr 29, and call anchor within a league of the town. Diila, or Kniir, is the title which the, Arabs give tn llie governors of cities, lie of Loheia was an [•'inir, and his name w.is Farhan. Ptc was a native (ll .\liii:ai and entirely black; but had been brought into .Vi jhia in his youth, and fold to a man of rank, wild was liiice dead, ;ifter having occupied one of the iiillolhees in the fervice of the Imam. He had given Vdinig I'arlian a good education, and had obtaini j'orliim a linall olfice, in which he gave fo much la- tisfadioii, lh.it his merit fooii raifeil him to be Dola of a conliderable eity. Our traveller.^ found him to pofTefs the digniP.ed poliieners of a nobleman, the (Iritfill integrity, and the cjiulid benevolence of a true friend to mankind. lliCN t.V|ilaiiied to him their liiuatioii; and told him tli.it lliey were KuropeaMS, ai:d wilhed to go by Ho- (k'ida to Mokhd, where lliev hoped to iind fome Kiv'IKli (hips, in which they might take their pal1'.i.;c to imii.i i but being ilrangers to the couiitrv through whicli they were totravel, had brought a letter to him Innii the Ki.ija of Jidda, and another from one ol ihe iirmripal nu-nhants in |idda to Mx-chfen-cl-Makka- viUi. the chief nicreliaiu in Loheia. The Emir had know 11 a good many Kiiropean.s, or Traiiks, at Mok- ti.i, bill had never before leen any arrayed in the garb ol tlie l'..ill, which is, however, univerlally worn by till.' Oriental Cliridians. The Mullulmans regard t hrillians with greater eltcem than thole of any other tcli;,i Ills community except their own. When they *iie .liked, therefore, by h iiiir Farlian, whether they vi 1 ■ 1 i.mks or Na/arites, they repUed that they were till , ; rearing that he niii'hi perhaps take the Euro- I'l.uis for Pagans. .Ma-ehli n, the merchant was then luk; bill the Kmir lent lor his clerk to receive the K'lter addrellcd to liim. lliilurio, this governor had known no Europeans but Imlia nicrchaiiij. i was furprifed, when he iimiefdii'id, lioin the letters, ifat one of our tr.ivel- Krs w.is a phyfitian ; aiioilirr in feareh of plants : ami a third, an obfervcr of ftars. Stnn k with ttiis lingillarily, .iiid luppofirig that ihry might not be in vciy great hade, he prop"' d to them 10 (lay loine time at l.oheia, (ffferins to lend ihetn (o Mokhu iipiiii his own caiiiehs. Malcfi/'/, ihc meithaiil, who need rd a plulician, carnellly wivid-d ihini, .it (he lame tjine, to lake up (heir lodi|ingi in our of his lioules. I liev were delighted tliUi Ui find (he Ai.iln nioie civili/i (iihe (urtlur they proceeded lioiii Egvpt, and 10 nket with (0 polite a reception among the people who were (he objects of (heir im|Uiiies. They were ihll more delighted to Iind that people thcnifelvea roiitriliuling to all'ord them o|ipor(Uiil(iesof tranlVcr- fiiu; ihoir country imlulpe(h-d. To hule their joy at the piopolal, they e.spfelled their fears of danger in travelling lo near the leat of the war between the Scliiech of Mekkranii and the .Shei ill'e of Abu-.\rirch. liut ilie F.liiir allured them, that they Ihould be fafc ftoiii all danger at I.oheia, and might travel in full leciirity ihroujijh tlic whole territories of his iiialter llie liiinin. I'liey iin longer hclitated to quit the velTel. The captain, not liaviiig taken the preeauiion to cxatl niivnu'iit for their tallage, wlic'.i they came firft on boaul, now applied to the governor, begging him to compel (hem to pay in lull lor their pallagcto Mode- ida. The I'mir gcnerouily replied, that he would pay his demand (roiii his own purle, if they refufed; and the merchant Mu'cblen made the fame promile. They did not put the generolity of their Arabian 83. friends to the trial ; but felt themfelvci deeply in- debted to them for their ofTers and i'ervices. When they fpoke of the conveyance of their bag- gage to the (hore, the Emir fent his own boat for it; and, to fpare them all trouble, direfled the merchant's clerk to fatisfy the ofiicers of the cuftoms. In the evening, he fent them an excellent fheep, as a pre- I'ent of welcome, and accompanied it with a letter, in which he called them his guefts, and affured them of his friendfliip. His boat having only mat-fails, moved lo (lowly, that they could not bring all their effeftS on fliore in one day, which gave them Come cticern, left (hey might lole what remained behind, or be rob- bed of what lay on the fliorc. The Emir underftand- ing that they were uneafy upon this head, immediately fent fome (oldiers to guard their b iggage. They palfed the night on the fliore, whither their good liiend MiEchfen, who very naturally fuppofed that their cooking utenfils mull be yet in confuliorl, lent th^ni an eNcellent lupper. Nothing was wanting but wine; and their (lock of bad brandy, which they had brought (lom Jidda, was by this time finifhed. They might have I'lipplicd themfelves with wine, and other liquors, from the Jews of Sana, who manufac- ture large quantities of thofe aiticle.s; but then they (hoiild have been obliged to carry them in copper I'lfels, which would have rendered them noxious to II. e health. They offered them a fortof bowza, which they found iiauleous. They were therefore obliged to eontent themfelves with the prolpeil of living with- out llroiig liquors of any kind for lomc months. Their trunks were carried next day to ilic cuftom- hoiife : they were opened; and they were alraid that they might be (Irittly examined. JJut the cullom- houfe olficers behaved with great civility. The Emir's attention was fixed upon their inllruments lolely, and he feemed anxious to underdand the ufe of them : they therefore explained to him whatever he wilhed to know. The '.oiile alFigned them for a lodginc; was built in (he Eallern fafliion, with a fquare court in the mid- dle. 'J here was not one well-furni(hed room in it; yet it conlilled of feveral dillintl apartments, into which the entrance was through an open gallery, which extended all around it. 'I'liis iodging wasfar from being elegant, in comparifon with the I'plendid inns ill Europe; but in Arabia, it was both elegant and commodious. Atlird, their coift was condantly (illcd with crowds of people, cuiious to (ee them. 'I'his they found troublclome ; and ilierelore hired a porter, who fullered none to enter, but perfons who iiad budnels to traiiLiei with them. The territory of Loheia is and and barren. The harbour is fo indillerent, that even the fmallell velfcU arc obliged to anchor at d great didancc from the eity : and when the tide is at ebb, laden boats cannot approach near it. Notwiihflanding this difadvantage, a conliderable ti .de in coffee i.s carried on from Lo- heia; the toff; '. is brought from the neighbouring hills, and expried in one large heap for laic. Thi« coffee is not 1 .putcd to be fo good as that which comes from lii it-el-Fakih, and is (hipped at Mokha and Hodeida. llut coffee is to be purchaled here upon more rciilonablc terms; and the carriage to Jid- da colls lels. On this account, feveral merchant.^ from Cairo live at Loheia, *hd others come annually hither to make purchafes of coffee. In this city, arc alio forty poor Uanians, employed in different trades. I.oheia, although without walls, 1.; not entirely de- feiicclefs. Twelve towers, guarded by loldiers, (land at equal diffances round it. Thcl'c towers refemble iho(e ill fome of the imperial cities of Germany; the height of its gates renders it ncceff'ary to climb upon them upon ladders. In Turkey, and evert in Europe, It would have been dangerous to approach near fucu fortifications, in order to examine them. But the .'Krab guards Tat fmoking their pipes, and drinking Kilcher, and gave M. Nicbuhrno mterruption in ais walks about them. Some of the officers even invited him (o tit dowu and partake of their rcfrelhmcnts. 9 E Thejr hi i r ■■ ii' stii,.- w. 4! %\ m I' i if :'i't iy\ 754 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. m -'ii' ^i^ii ii {\ fi Ht t! . n They put many queflions to him concerning the mili- tary (iiill of ilic J'.uropcans, and leeined to be tur- prii'ed at what lie told them. . Several of the houles in Lolieia arc hiiilt of llonc ; but the greater pan are huts conllriirled in that l.ilhioii which is eoiniiKiii ainoii^ the Arabs. 'I'he walls are of mud mixed villi dung; and the roof is th.itehed with a Ion of giafs whicli ii verv conimoii there. Around the walls, within, are a range of beds made ofdrau, on which, noiwithdanding their (impliciiy, a pcrfoii m.iy either fit or lie eoiiiini)diou(ly ciiough. Such a houle is not large enongli lo be auouiid im beautilul m . ,i id nnconnnoii llie water at Lohcia is verv had. »nd u brought from a diltaiice. The cominm* pcoiiir drink Irom a well, which i.> a Ic^^uc from I cu>. The bell wa- ter, winch, howrver, c.itinot he pr^iliii asgoiid comi s from two leagues a. id a iiall dillainc. .As wlicel'd carriages are uiiKiiowii hcrr, tins water is < irried iip- on camel.« or alles; not m Ikiiis, as in l..;\|U and Turke\, but in eailhen )a«'6, a nunibei of w jich hang upon cacti lidc nl a camel. Wiiniii twi league" ol li e city is a fmall lull which affoni . i nliderable qiutiii- ties of tniiieral fait. 1 ne inharmaiits Icnncd lo be curious, ihieiri^^eiii, arwi polilhcd in t'nir iiianiKis. .All wri.' eager lo li.e the i-uropeans, ami the wonilet.'. whicii tlicy performed, .if cr «»ur her•l^•^ n,id em- ployed a porter, iliolc wi..) -lad no other preioxi upon whun ih^y iniJiit olilun a ...I li'ui wlia' iiuduines o; rtgimc!' he ilood in need of; while another iiupiircd, i.ow il cant'' iliat lie could not (Ji-rp.'' 'I'wii Arabs ranie, one day, lo fee them cat. Tlie one wa< a \<)uii.; iiobleinaii ol San.i, who bail received a good cduia'ioii; ilie other a niaii ol i.mie conr • fjuence, fro. a the pro'.iiice of liacht.ni, where lew Itrangcrs arc ever feeii, and the greaiell liinpliciiv ot manners dill prevaiU. When .VI. Niebiihr invited them lo dine with him, the latter cariullly rriiln d, " God pr '-Tve me from eating with inlulcis who be- lieve not III tiod." When he afked hiin foine parti- culars concernni'^ his rountrv, he replied, " What is my country lo yni:' IJo you want (<> compter iir'" He was alioiiifhed at every thing he law, iheir Ipoons, their plates, their forks. He alketl loine ii:nple qiicl- lions which excited laughter, lie then went out in a pallion, and his rompaiiioii fr-im Sana had foine difficultv to peilii ide I'.lin back. Wlun he came h.ick, lie law wlioL' fowls bcioro our travellers, which liir- prilcd that fober Arab n )t a little, as he imagined that thev had eaten loo much before. When, at lall, he faw Mr. \'an Haven aliuui i(i carve one of ilule lowls, he (lepped forward, and fei/cd hiiii by the arm, lav- ing, will) a pcevilh lone, " Wliai! will iliou eat Itill :' ' He then went oni in a rage, and would not leiurii. The >oiiiig man liom Sana apologi/.itd for bun, and bcgi{cJ '.iiein locxcule ilic.fiinpliciiy of liin coniury- man. -Our hero and Mr. IJaurenliejid (oinciinus diverted themlelvcs with plaving on ilu: violin, whn h led Inch a.t Iwppciied tu uveihear tlicni, lo think ilicin iiiiili- ciaiis. A rich mrrcliani lent for ihein, tfi come wiili ificir iiiflriimeiiii to bis houle. I hey rcluC'tl, hreaiilr the .\ral)s look wi money ; clpfriaily as be could iint (i)i|. ceive wliat iiuiiuemeiils ..n\- pel Ion could |;,iv(; ,„ learn innlie, if not to gain by it. I his niercli.iai uji one oT thole few wiio wear iheir luards dyed rrd . cullian wbicli lecms lo he I.H'pio\ed bv ilu- pi,, p. judicious Arabs. His reafun wa-, that a i ,i l-.-.-.a was handfoir.er than a while one; bin oiIhk |,|J that he had llic weiknels to think lo conr: .1 tii< au- by this lillv dil'gnife. He told .\1. Niibiil i iliin i;,i V..S .i!)uve fexeiilN )ear> of :••_'• .; bii: his aci|ii,;:niai:re adirmed lh.it he was ninety. I I" \ had oMiivcil nf the Miillillmans in g\ lu ral, however, that tlu-y Id. d'lm know tl.eir own age e\acllv. I bcv rrckon \ty riie mod rem ukabic incidents in their lives, aiid U\ " I was a chill! m hen fuch .m event ha[:p;;iied, or when luch a one was govcnwir of the |)iovinceor city. • 'I'hc women ol i.uhcia wear l.irge veils in ilu- Ore t which cover il.cir countenances lo eniireh , tl.^i o: lv one of their (\es can be iliUovcred, and that Inn im|%eileclly. Vet they niakr no diili^i.liy of unvi;|,|,., in-! .: (i'aiigrrs, at lh( y pal's, clpc iaily il'(lu-\ |„i.|^ pen loih ik l' > I'ldvcs pielly, and are lure iJut ihrv are not obl^ived Iw any oftlieir ciniiurytncn. After exjiniiiinn all iliai If emcd wofdiv of noiii,. i!i liiiv ciKY, and Hi i.eighhoiirhnod, inr* atlvomiiiiu bicain. dclirmis;,. of >f. < <;eil knew, waj llol m ; li'iri" ;ij i.iibiiiir i;.i jiinc. 'Ihrv told hini, r,,, hi . ilia: ihcv hati lome itnincniatr butinrU 1 1 ti.. l.ut VI ' ■. liieir lountr, men I'l 1' were ncwiv aii!Vi\; upon wlHch arcoiint ihey iiuaM i let out Inr lit i: ,|. I at 11, ^,,<\ alter redini' thcie a Hi: m tunc, I , tun.i. Mil their jouriK-y to .V Aha. 1 le aiifwefcd, iImi tlicv were lur«"l\' dilbiistied with ti;c.r entf r:aiiiiiicut at Lobeia, oihirw:K ihcy would not think of <{u:iiini; It f.i loon; and yet no governor Ciiuld take nicrf con- cern lo feive ihcm than he. After coin iiifnii lain that iliry were atiuallv under a ncccHiiy of luiiiii<, out for .Mokha, they pieparcd for their dep.riiire. When tlu V lent to take leave of their fru nil Kmir I'ailian, lie was iiidilpoled, and ihey could i:0! Ir liim. Hut when he heard, that ihey h.d dttciinin.il to let (lUi, he de'ired ih.it they would come to iiim very K.te in the evening. They found him in f():ii. pany wiih leveral Arabs. A piece of lilk, witlnwcniv (inwns, he made a pri fent lo their pliyliciaiii hkI otlu r crowns he prelled them 'o actcpi, in onlor in |)ay the hire foi their alles and cair.'is. lleaiulhis cinlipaiiv Icllilied the ihuiigell lurprilf, whnilhcv liw them reltile the inonry, for inltead ol it fiiliii.;, I'lir- kilh iravi-llt i> arc read) to demand Inch '!>, and would iiier<-fore ace- pi of n, ili'"R from Ml' m, will. "Ill makw.^ .' reconipenfe. 'I'hcy ni.iih' lie liiiir a |)ri lilt id .i wauh, wliiili, having never befdi. had 'm llti.s g' idgnveinnr i hiy *:ired ca-iieli hr ihrir f>n ',,',<,',<", and horfrs f< r ilundi lvr». In Arabia, ( hrilli .m arc noi prohiliiiiil ihe ule (d lories; imi ihdr i.in fi.rrly le haii fir hire. 1 he iihial mode of iiavelljng l:i fe, i« ii)>'>ii alie.»i which in this proviiifc are l.i^jt, llrong, fpitHfil, aiiii M. NIEBUIIR'S TRAVELS through ARABIA. 755 tlic- lioufr, in order tj ; out! 1-c.u in;; (!:eii,. }j^ iliein tluu lie |„i,i .,j a diwilily oC rclioi,,',',' catorofali Ai,crl.„„ Aidi.iolccilu'irviolim n. Tiu-v played H,,,,; "■'• «' ll:c t.ido ol ,1,, He- (ceiiu-d to he pie,,), li.dfa crown «tp,V,ii,',, liowevcr lliiall, and ii'^ our travellers dceiiinj lly as lie could not ,V„ pel Ion could l;,,vc to II- 'lliis n.ercli,i;,i ^vus eir hiards d\ cd nd- ^ lap;>roved !-'v ,!,f nor,- \yj; that a i d i:;-,:,^ one; but otlu r< lnj ■■'■"■k lo f.inre.i );i,3„J J M. Nivhiilii ih^i jj,, ; l"i- '"'^ :'c■• '• licy reckon by 111 ihfir hvcs a,,d u' •■'" '•■'It'-^i'tJ.orwh,,; e |ii(Aii»ce()r ciiv. ' lar^p veils in thc'Orcot s(o '.-niirelv, ti:^i o,,|v ovcrcd, and (hat h{,^ )dillividiy ()funvi|||.„ dpt-'ially i^|lH■^ i.^p^ and are liirj- ilij, ,!,(.,. ir toiiiuryincn. wu-d wff''!..v..r miH-e :i)iii;d I./r(iinc ihrv ■ i» arrived at M,.!,; knew, waj no; m ; 1 l-.cv lold hini. li.,.; dijic bufinrls 1 1 ;r., f ^erc nt\^\\ .iiiu, I 1 let oiil hir Itt.i » lii: M time, I , cor If aiifwcrod, dutilicv xir cntrrijiiiiiiciii ,a 101 iliuik oriiuitiinji ,1 could take n',i.ir cm. Atier coii\i(iein^ lain a nCifHiiy of It (nil;; For their dep inure. ■ of their friend Kmir d they could i:ot Ir I they h,.d dcteim:n, ,1 ' would eorre lo li!!!i > found him it) co:ii- ceof (ilk, \*iihtwcifv ilurir [ihydciani .m! ) acicjit, ill order ii t^md.i. Ilejiidl: irprile, wheiithcy Ij'< i-ad of refulinji, I'm- 111(1 fiich '^ratiniKs. l/iiiihtid'otiie III till '■< (»» of ti ih:nn friiii npciifV. 'J'hey iiuil • which, hjving ncvci knew not htm to nu >, *ho w.H (fttled .i; ry djy. Till) »d governor '', atid horles {< MV not prohiljiii (I tnre\y \<.' had Idi /iWinfi hcfi', i« ii|iiii. !,i('ge, llrniiij, fpitiire, jiid walk with a pace, not tho nioft pleafanl to the riJc- Travelling being as little c.xixifed to danger in Yc- ^cn, as in ajiy other country in the world, they did pot need to wait for the letting out of any caravan. ■j],.,V therefore left Loheia alone, on the 20th of I'lb- iiiarv i793> fendii'g the camels before, and foUow- |,iT iliem v.ithin a few hours upon their alfcs. ''IIk- territory of Yemen is naturally divided into two dillincl provinces. I'hat pan which borders on (lif Arabic ^ulf is a fandy plain, whieh, as it fprcads l,jckuard, rifes by a gradual al'cent, into hills, and terminates in a lofty range of inoiintains. The plain iscalle'ii I'chama. I'liey had to crol's it in their way (olVitcl-Fakih. In the firll day of their journey, they travelled through .1 parched and barren tract of country, along an arm "I tl-.c fea, which penetrates a conliderable vav ii>'i' ''"-■ '^""1. They relied in a coilcc-l;oii('e illiiate near a village. .Vlokeya is the name givrn by the Arabs to fuch cidKc-liouli-s, which (land in the open co'jniry, and are iniendcd, like inns, for ihc accomnK"!'"'"" o'"''>v'-''l'-''s- They are nitre huts, aiiJ arc Icarccly furnilhed with a .Serir, or long feat (ifllra'V ropes ; nor do they a(r(>rd any refrc(hineiit but Kiither, a hut inluliou of colleebeans. iliis Jrink is leivcd out in ei'arlo earthen cups; but per- lonsof dilli:iclion carry alwa\ .s po.eelain cups in ih< ir bi'ii'i^"^' 1' '■'-'"l water is dillributed :;ralis. The ina(- lir of the eolfee-houfe lives coinnmnly in foine iicigh- bainiiig village, whence he coniCi every day to v. ait for p.illongers. Aficr a )ourney of (ix f'.crman miles, they arrived ]iv iiiiiliM;!it, at a lar^.u' city in which a .Suii-DoU rc- i;ik'-, ^*i:l' i' li-"^^ loldiors. I'.inir Farhan had given I em a letter to ihe dcpiilv-governor, with an order ij iliC iiihaliuanis 11 fuppiv them with a (heep, which, however, they did not cboole to aecept. Hut sliey cam.' afierwatds to undcrlland, that the iidiabiiaius bid been oblis^cd to pay a liiiii of money equivalent to die value ol the (beep, which had been lliarcd be- tween the Sub-Dola and a fervant of the Kiuir's who aciomp.in ed ihcin upon bulinels of his own. In the o.hcr vill.i;.;is ihrougli which they palled, therefore, tiev nrule no ditluuliy o| accepting the (licrp which tic F.mir I'.kI oidered iheiii. ■fhrii .'1 the whole couniry, they found water fcjrcc ao-j .)id. But they inci with many large vd- lij;e.s Icfs diiUiit fron one anotiier than they IhouUl luve expei;l<'d in lo ba.TCii a pi. kin, Menegre \s one cf ihoff villages of which they were led to lake par- iiiiilar noiicf, by lindiiig in it the llrll .Manl.ile ('at (Ley l.!iich travellers are re tcivcd and eiiienained gians if they will be content with liich (rratmeiit as is uliial in the country; ilu-y ]fC all lodged in one coinnion apartinciii, which is liiniifhcd with a 6erir, and are fervcd with Kifchcr, hill millet bread, camels milk and butler. When the iiMiler of this Manlale undertlood that lome Kiuope- .'i;;ulhweie arrived, he came to lee whether his K:v,uu$ treated them properly ; and was going to kill a ilirep for their entert.iinirenl, if ihey had Hayed linger, lie caufcd wheal bread to be baked (or them, which is in this province very rare ; and ma4i ilieih Ik 11!,' cow-milk, when he law them luiufeaie t' vif- ■ liiv of the taniel's inilk. The Arabian fervant told M. N'iebulir that he might be difobliged, if he fhould ' ii I any compenfation for his kind hofpitality ; but I ;:• attendant who fervcd tliem with thole things, took •iMipnortii'iity, in a plac where he c<.iu!d tvn be (ecu liy hu mailer, to alk a fiuall gratuity. AtUahhi, a large village, wln-re is a inofijiio, the imib of a faint, and fcvcral houlei built of ftiinc, they tined a whole day. Ncjr this, ilicy law a tannery, ■ I'l a iiunulartiireof earilu 'f vvrare, which is prepared II the open aif, and wiilioiil a fiiinacc. Tiuy law, ' 'k^'ivife, iiiiligo maiMif.it tiireii here; it is fold at a me.ipr.iie, but is of a bad quality. Much of this (iy ' U llutt' u ufed hers- J for the women, among tlie .'mmoi).)Uy, wcorbluc flurts and drawc«. From this village, there is a direft road leading to r>eit-el-Fakih. But the trafc't of country tlirougb which it pad'es, is e,\tremcly arid, and alinoll unin- habited, and affords fcarcely any water. They there- fore prcfv'rred a longer road, nearer the mountains, and found reafon to be plealcd with their choice ; for they met with feveral finall woods, a nunibcr of vil- higcs Ikirted with bullies, and nianv wells, which were fiom an luinured and (ixty, to an hundred and ('i.ven- ty feet deep; but happily for both nsen andbcalls, dug ill Hoping ground; for, as the w:i[er is to be railtd by a cord dragging a leathern bucket, this is more ealily accomplidied in agoing down hill, than if the grout;d were barely level, or an al'cent were to be climbed. 'I hev pa (fid two large villages, under ilic juril'dic- tioii ol the governor of licit-cl-Fikih; but in neither oFiheic did any thing reniaikabic ofl'er itlelf to theiir obiervation. lUit in two places upon this jiaiiiicv, lliey law (|,'Ots lealtercvndenj, where thcv alio (orm their covert ways, between the root and the top of trees, walling the fap, and devouring the buds nnd the ex- tremities of the branches. J'heir chambers were full of them, i'lcy took the nicadues which are ordina- rily ciiij-liy i d, loipiit themfelvcs ol ihem : dedroying their cells andpalfages feveral times Cik eelFively. Ihc infetl indeed ii i' tcs thefe with ainazin^ i.ipidity, ef- peeially in the d.iik ; but it at length y ieUls. On their way hither, they had obferved ,< nunil \ r of bullies covered with earth, in which w^ n * vail tjuantity of galleries formed by thofe little iSfiimals. The flirub which they had attacked in this maiiner was alwa) s wiihrred. »►;<• ritv/f Beit-rlFakih is not of ancient ori.;in. It has «xi'fi''<-4 cnly for tome centuries : and, like I.ohcia, owti Jti rife to a liiint, called .\chmediba- Miila, from whom it has derived its name ; lieit-cl- Fakih meaning the houle or dwelling of the fage. The tom!) of that faint is liiewn without the city, up- on a I'andy hill, where a line moliiue has been reared. ,U litll, loiiK- devout perlons built thoinfelves cot- 11 V"* round ;he tomb. i"he harbour i»' (Mialel ka was about the f.tnio iimechoaked up; and the inhabitaius oftliaicity, for the convenience of trade, then re- moved alltheir cil'cfcU to ihc vicinity of this tomb, and . 1; I ''M iij ' I - rJf" 4'il 756 NEW COLLECTION or VOYAGES and TRAVELS. I'!: , n! . :' '! r 'i li and fettled about it. When it had thus become a confiderabic ciiy, the lord of the territory built a citadel for its defence, in a place where water had been found. The city is now nearer the tomb: and the vicinity of the tomb is almoft dclerted. Sp modern a city cannot contain many antiquities of an interclling nature. Yet M. Niebuhr copied here an ancient Kufic infcription, in the prcfencc of many fpcdaior?, none of whom fufpctlcd him, as the Egyptians had done, of any intention to feck out and piU'er their irealurcs. They were all very obliging, and cfpecially the Schiechr, or learned Arabs, wlio lecmcd plealid that flrangers Ihould fliew a defire to acquire their iniigua^e. In this city, as well as in Lohcia, ho obtained much information from a clals of Arab literati, wlio often vifited them. Thefe arc denominatcil Fakih, and no where through Arabia do their circumilanccs appear to correlpond to their merit. The city of Bcit-el-Fakih is in a favourable fitu- ation for trade ; being only half a day 'i journey from the hills in which (he coffee grows, and but a few d.ivs journey from the harbours of I.olieia, llodcida, and Mokha, from which this cominodiiy is exported, u naturall) becomes the mod confiderahle marl for it. Tlii> ir.ide brins'i hither merchants from tgv pt, Sy- ria, BaiBSry, I'erfia, Habl)e(cFi, India, and often from Europe. Here arc alio, as in all the other great towns in Arabia, a number of Banians, all of them natives of l)iu, who arc allowed the free cxcrcilc ol their relij^ion. Vet thev dare not bring their wnnicn hither, nor burn their dead: and tlule prohibitions induce them to return to their native country, as foon as they have accumulated a little foriune. Beit-el-lakih is the relidenee of a Dola, wbufe jurifdidion extends over a large diftrici 'I'his Dola lecmcd to take little concern about our travellers, and his indifference left them more at liberty than thev had been at I.oheiaj f)r, uniiuumbcrcd with attcndaius, and unmolcllcd with civilities, they ira- vtlK'd about the couiitiy whenever they liked. Thus enabled to travel in lafcty through all Ttha- ma, M. .\icbuhr lirll refolved to go b)' tihalc! !'(icle of indifpcnfible necefTity to a travel- ler in thefe arid regions, hung by his faddlc. He bad for fome time endeavoured to fuit himf Iflo [U Arabian manner of living, and now could fparo many conveniences to which he bad been acruili,,nij in Europe, aijd could content himfelf with bad br^ad the oidy article to be obtained in mod of the iritis. ' March the 7th, he fet out from Beit-cl-Fakih ; and before he had travelled a mile, faw fcveral viliaics' but, upon all the reft of the way to Ghalcf ka.whjdj is four miles and a half, he perceived not a (IhuIl. dwelling, nor any mark of human indullry, Ihii'j few wells. For the two lail miles, the way |j(j through fo fandy a traft, that his guide ofidi ||,j| himfelf; fiich are the continual changes which il^ wind produces on the fccnery, by demolifltiim tl,^ hillock, carrying the fandabotii, and formiiin oihcr< They were even obliged to turn fcveral times om i,f what they knew to he the true diretiiim, in ordci to avriid being buried in fomc of iholc hillocks •a|,;.|, were then forming. Ghalefka is at the lame didanc from /.chid as from Ileit-cl-1'akih. It was mzi- ,i famous city; and the fea-port town of /ihjj ,j then in an equally flourilhing condition, lltai har. hour is now filled up, lo that tio ftiip, of however finall buriheii, ran enter it : tun only h.is the Tea re. ceded, while the banks of coral have been aiu'mrnicd hut acjiiantiiy of land has been here aciUMnila;cd k- the winds, which adually riles into a hill of coiilidcr. able height. 'I'hc ruins of a mofinic are Hill to be feen here, which was dedicated to a faint, who ai is laid, by his prayers, obtained from Heaven an cxc-!. lent fpring of water, for which, the inhahii.inis be- lieve, that they miglit Hill to be grateful to h\!n. About a fcore of cottages now hold all the inlub,. tants <)f this once flourilhing city ; and dates, vitli the milk and llclh of a few fliecp, are all the pr./v:- (ions they have. The lea alfords them no filh, n, 1 any thing clfe, but f.ilt; of which every perl'oii vm^ have as much as he pleafes, upon pa)ing a fmill fee to the Dola of Beiiel-I'akih's fecrctarv. In a burying place near this poor vilage, M. Nie. buhr found two ftones bearing Kiific itilcnpiicns; one of them was large, and (lood on end; the (nhor lay flat upon a tomb, and was but fmall. The iiilu. bitants could iu)t comprehend for what rcafonhevm fo eager to copy the 'infcriptions from the lar;;er (lone; but when he returtied next day to do the fame for that upon the fmaller ftone, he found it d iiave been carried away in the night. He applia! lo the Hakim or judge of the village, and olTercd him a trifle if he could procure him another (ii;ht of it. 'l"hc judge led liiii) through many turnings and wind- ings to a poor hut, .n which was the tomb of aii^ither (aini; and there tiiey found the ftone that our htn) was in fcarch of; by his account of the inaticr, ii had not been hidden by the inhabitants, but the laiiii had brought it thither himfelf. Notwithftanding the faint's care of it, the Hakim offered Niebuhr ihii ftone with him to Beit-el- 1- akih, if he would be at the expence of having it conveyed. IS::S^QWCtf'9iCtIitf»i^K»C#SMS^>9^ w C H A P. V. Excurfioni c/ M. Niniuiin — Dc par ture from Chakfia — .'hrntj .tt lindnJa, Khere be finds bis I'rinUs— Tin n. for Zel'iJ — Ri.niis iJMd>ed — Kcmtirks — Artual iil Mid — fV/ni^icn of it — Uur Hero meets a ^^u le(jM.i'M Man — Rcjdu-s Tukrie — Ulfrvalions ibereoH — Depnrlure—.'' - ■ ml for kubbme-^Seurcbes for A-Kiniuiiui jjltr bis A'riViil — His Return — foim Mr. Eorskai., (Jc. ttt * '.uiteylo (aJfii-Mountains — Remara — Aii.'i.i. Bu'g'f.i xifil them — yourncy through thf niounl,iinoiis Part ot i\ n, .,ilb .^rjitiy Uiferijtioiu — "Jourtu- fnii el-f'iiiiu to Mckla — From Mokha to Taoes — To Sana—Iran^ Mokba, L-:. (Jc. Mr. 1'o»»kal"» Deuiu -Riiutn i' MMF.IJUHH now left r.halefka, with his afs * and the uwih r. He atlivcd (he (ante evening ,.t Ilndiida, whit li '\% about five iicrman miki dil- laiit froni (>halefka. I he I arljoiii of Hodrida is fomcwhai iuticr than liial of I.oIri.i. Vet large viHels cannot enter it. I'hc DuU wli.) is iionourrd wiih due veneration. At ll^ideiila, our liiro found his friends \'an Ha- ven and (raincr, wli > had come hitiier to deliver two Kiicrs of rcronnncndaiion, fioni their friends in jid- Ja to the Dola, and an eminent merchant in this place. 'I'iiey hid been received, lodged, and treated III the kindeft manner. 15ut M. Niebuhr not being liilpofcd to lofe iiis lime in vilits, returned on the 9th 1)1' March, to Heitel I'akih. On the road our traveller found a number of cof nchiits but very fi-'w vdlaj;es. \ mile and a half fi.un H'xirida, tliere is a well of excellent water, vkliirh is carried to that city for the ufe of the inha- bitants; the water which they have nearer beini^ very bad. As M. N'iebuhr approached Ueit-cl-Kakdi, he uallid through lome paltry Milages; and arrived at Y\^ pl,\ie of delUnaliuii, on t!;e fame day upon which be li.ivl fei out. The dillance between Ikit-il-Fakih aid llodcida, is, by I. is rltimation, feven (".erman iiulcs; and tli'< jonruey he perlorined in one dav, uiuKr the moll (con hing heat and upon an hired als. Having found the .\rabs very civil, and having met «itli no dilagrceable accident in his lull excur- (li)ii he was impiiient to let out again, .'\ccordmgly he departed 'i'-ix /.ebid on the 1 iih of March, to lee ihc rcMirtins of that famous city, which was once the capital of Tehama; and to invedigate foine ancient inlcriptions which were laid to be concealed at 'I'a- htftc, a (mail town in that neighbourhood. .'\n \rab who was learned, but poor, accomp.mied liiiii in this expedition, and was glad of ilie opportu- iiiiv of viliting an old friend ai /.( biil, wuhout e\- nciicc. Onr iiero was lio his plealeil to have hini lor the companion of his joumey, as his converlaiiuii >ka,s\cry cntci taming. Alter palling by Icieral coHee-iioufes, and through fomc linall hamlets, they taim- to a large village {.lUid l-'.l-Mahad, (landing in a bcaiinlul valley which receives the waters thai fall from Mount Kema. In (lie rainv ieafon, ihife waters form a river which fpicads into fevcral bianci.es and fei ilizes the ad- jacent lands. A large li ide has W*» Iran'feired to Heii-el-Fakib and Mokha; and tHfi^xHy now retains nothing but ilu (hadow ol ^ts r thcde us loundaiion.s, Sy *tHv«« the *c t»K of this plav e l^ alinod wh>>lly ciigi\>lk-d. W \vbMhr wa^ told, as a matter ot cer- l»mi., that i{ I -VM revenue of the terniory hr C'*4iUcred ■»» fli^ nivvi r-to five pans, the clergy re- «tve llir e of vhele, tl-e Imam inu lor ihe laxo, and Trie inhabiUiits have only onchiih remaining for it\cit miwuCBancc . The Turks have l«fi here one I uIikRiI monument of their power ; an aqucdufl, which conveyed water from the hill.s into the city. But this work has been Co long negledcd, that only its ruins now remain, and the inhabiiaiiis are obliged to content themfelves with water from their draw-wells; which is fortunately not bad, and in fuch plenty as to water many line gardens that arc to be (ben in the neighbourliood of the city. Abulfeda afcribes eight gates to Zebiu ; but of thcle, only (ive arc now llaiiding, and the river is gradually breaking down a part of them. The walls of the old city arc de- molidicd, and the very ruins are fold by poor people who gather out the (loiies, and fell them lor building new houfes. The prcfent buildings occupy about one lialfof the ancient extent of the city. /chid is dill didinguilhed for an academy, in which the youth of Tehama, and of a part of Ye- men (ludy fucli fcicnces as arc cultivated among the Mulfulmans. This is, bcfidcs, the feat of a Dola, a Mufti, and a C adi, of the fed of Scliafey ; and of two other Cadu of the led of Zeidi, lo which the Imam and the greater part of his fuhjetls profefs to belong. The vaineft and mod fooliflily loquacious man our hero ever law, he iiKt in an inn. He was a Sher- riti'e, or nobleman of the lird rank; but, being poo- and beggarly, travelled about the countr)-, living at the expencc of the more ojuiUnt profell'ors of his religion. Having been in Kgypt, Syria^ and even .VIndinia, be boaded, that he could (peak fevcral f.iMgn languages, although a lew jjroverbs were all that he ki.ew. Our traveller wifhed lo obtain iome inforination from him concerning the countries through whic he had travelled ; but be could tell no- thing but the names of a vail number of Schicchs, Pa- chas, and Dolas, by all of whom he pretended to liave been received with the honours due to a defccndant of M.ihomet. His Ion, a boy of ten years, who aded as !iis fcrvant,ncvcr I eceived any other name from him than Shcrid'e .Achmet. The lather had hired only one Serir for his Ion and himlelf logedier: whereas every other traveller who is not abfolutely mendicant, hires here a leparaie coueli, jull as fcparatc rooms are occupied by dill'eient tiavcllers in the inns of Kurope. With all ihofe airs of greatncis, he ofttn abuled his fon, and railed him, " Dog, Ion of a dckg." When M. Niebuhr had liiiiflicd lii^ refearchcs at Zcbid, he and his friends let out on the tjih of M.ircli, and after a ride of two lierman mile<, reached T.iha-te, which wa.s once a town of lome maeniiude, but has now dwindled to a fmall village. Tie road leads dill through Wadi /.ebid, the vji, or iie bed id the riven in which the lields had a iiLauiiful and iich appearance, wherever they h4d mil been en- croached upon and ravaged b) ihc tonciiU. Much indigo is railed heie ; our hero eoiinied more du'i fix bundled large vellds, in \vliich this colour- ing matter is prepaied for lale. In this village are alio fevcral modpies and houfes of prayer, reared over the tombs of faints o' opulent pevlons. |bn llall'an is the chief of the faints. His \\\\\\\\ m always iltuminaied by night with lamps; and one m' his de« fccndani.s keeps a Maulale, 01 houlc of lv.f|)iiablc entertainment, in the vilKiae. Niebuhr lodged in a common inn: hut ihe madcr ol the Manfalc cawvo lo in\ itc hitn to his houfc, and when ho fou id \v\\\ unwilling lo icniovc, leu him a good (ue.^>er. Dui In 10 was Uild, that tW wiaflers ol' Manfales acecpt no nii'iu) , but he ot 1 ahftuc did not relulc a fma'l gratuity. finding iisthuig remark. ible in this village, they let out up, . the tjthol Mar<'J«, for Bcii-el-Fakih. Thev law nv> houfes by the way except the populous village of Murra, lituate in the beautiful vale Ll-Ma- had. In this village are many Kubbeis. and a large Manfale, in which thirtv or forty people aie daily cji- teitained Oil the igth, »»com|Mnicd only by the owner of the afs upon which he todc, M. f^iebuhr let out for Kahhinc, where he cxpetlcd to find fonie remains of 9 ^ antiquity If '-I. S:l • 111 758 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES Avn TRAVELS. P'|i!fii •ill' '. ['I m 11 antiquity in ilie ruins of (be city Lcluc. He paH'cd by fome villages ; and, nearer the mountains, villai^es arc indeed nu)re numerous. He alio eroded a vale, through which runs a river which joins ihc river oF Rcma. In the rainy (cafon, the latter holds its courlc to the fea, and enters it near Schurcni. He went, immediately after his arrival at Kahhme, to learch for the antt(]uiiies of Lcliic. IJiit liefound on- ly a larqc hurying-placc, filled with pentagonal Hones, each eight inches in diameter, and fonr or live feet long. When he faw thole Hones, Co uniformly of this rcmdar (ii;iire, he was at lirll inclined to think, that they mii;lit have rereivcd it from the hand of art. But he loon perceived a hill in the neighbour- hood wholly coiii|iofe of cort e-tr''es. In ihe ncighb )urliood of Kahhme, our hero had fcen only one fmall bafaltic hill ; but here, whole mouniains were compuled chicily of thofe cclumns. The I iiflce-irces were all ul (lower at Bulgofa, and exhaled an exquifitely agieeable perfume. I'hey arc plan:;d upon terraces, in the lorniol an .imphiilieairc. M(,ll ut ihem arc onK watered by the tains that fall ; but lome, indeed, from large rclervoirs upon iliC heights, 111 which f])ring-watcr is colleck'd, in order to be fpnnklcd iipiui the terraces; where the trees jjrow fo thick together, that the rays of the fun can hardly enter among their branches. Stones being more common in this part of the counti), than at lehaina, the lumfcs, as well of the villages, as thofc which are fcatiercd folii.triiy over the hills, lire built of thij material. Although not to be compared with the lumfcs in Kurope, for com- inodiouCiicfs or elegance, yet they havca good apjicar- ancc ; elpicially Inch of them as fland upon the heights, with beautiful gardens and trees, arranged in the form of an amphitheatre, around them. They pallid the night at Bulgola. Several of the mm of tlic village came to fee them; and, after they retired, tlv>y bail a vifit fiom their hoBefs, with fome yoiin-.; women uc< ompanyiitg her, who were all very (tclirous to (ee l!ie l''.uro()ean... They Itemed lel.i (!iy than the \v;;inen in the cities: their faces were unv:>iled ; and they talked freely. As the air 'a frefhcr and cooler ii[)on thele hilN, the women liavc hcte a finer and fiircr roinplexioii than in the plain. On \h'- lOth of March, they returned downwardj as far as Iladte, a pl.ice well known to iln. i'.urope- ans; who come hither hum IJeit el 1 akih, to pafs lome time ucrailoiially in lhi» litdc town, wheic the air is cool, and the water frefli and pure, ft n however, but ill-built, and has nothing elle (;I n,i|. leipiencc except its trade in coflce, which the inh.i. bitants of the hills bring down 'i])on ccri.iin days in the week. ;\ftcr the duties are piul to the Dul.i, ih;. coflee is packed up and c-, their real co: ditioii was (o perfetlly eonceihil, ilut even ilie owner ol alfes thought them Cbrillians (jf the Kill, and iiad no fulp'rioii tliaf iliey wi le Kuiope^ns. In this g.irb, and attei:ded by the af-- hirer, tlicy let out on the zGlh of .March, from Ui it el-1'akih. rbev pilled thuingli feveral villages in cnifTine il;i: pl.iin, ai.d, .iftcr a n)ur--y of live ( ennan "lilc-mj a hall, reaeluil K !io, wheir i.s a weekly Suk ur mar- ket. Here 'be\ lay the firll iii^ht. Next d.iy, after .idvancing a mile further, tliey vn. tered upon the mountains. Near the full vil!aj;c, tin , obferved a running llream, the firfl tlu-y law in Au- hia. '1 ill It (liters Tehama, this river is c.illcd Uadi Zebiil. ItN channel is veiy broad; but as no rain had for a long time f.illen, the dream covered ilic breadth of twenty, or four and twenlv feet. In this place it lunswitli a confideralile cuireiu; Imi in Icliama it Ipreads into a Ihallow lake, and h loll among the fuuls. The lame (\,i\ thrv palled iifar Mount .Snlljin, wlicrc, from the aetount ^;iven by an .\rab wlui lived in the countiy, our ht to had been led to c\ped th.it he lliould liiiil hicri';;Upbicsor iiiieripiions, cut ii[)(in the rock' bat he found only lome (igiires wliidi liiij been iniprelledai an idle houi by lome llieplitrd, ami were as coailily executed as tl.ole upon Mount Sinai. Thev la) at \laclil.i; ill's is one of the vill.ij;i s m which weekly fails are held. I'lie houles arc Itiil more w/etclied here than in I ehama. They have no w.ills, and ronfill mcrel) of a few poles laid togetlirr, and covered with reeds. Tbey could rearrely lodji: in one of ihole laits; f(J lai.iU were the)-, that ,i pr- ion could not ft Old llraight in the middle ; and two peiloiis I) iiig togetlu i- u[)on the lloor, octiiijidl ih- whole area ol llie lioule. It would not have liilil a lingle Setir. The inhabitants lit .iiid llec[) upon tl.. bare ground. The air being colder in this pni 'I the country than in Tehama, the people here | ;ji on a big upon their bodies w hen they go to Ihep, ami arewamud by tin ir natural peilpiration. In nom: o*' the inns, could tbey liiid any Cm of luod li.ii coarle dun a brtail, made of millet wiili camel's iiiilk; but the w.iter is eveiy where delirious. The road by whieli ibcy tiavelled is not much lie- queiited by tiavillers. The ways aie \ ery had j:;d uiilale, and fcarco a houfi: appears upon aiiv bamb ^VlIhlll theCe few years, however, they have b.ccnic Icf.* dangerous than iheyweic before. Ihe lord el Uddeii I;.;, placed Come foldiers with a Vb-l^^jl''./' Maibia, whoisielpoiifible lor the tlielts or iobberic< that hajipen in lu» dillriil. This rejjnUlioii of i'h: police has difpcrled the robbers. ' ' (In ■'•IF ^'' M. NIEBUHR'S TRAVELS through ARABIA. 759 f p iici to tlu- I)(,|,| ill i!k- iJioCrriiii)!, , ilu- |)fi'[i!e lure |': On the aSlh of Marcli, they palFcd, by winding mods, iliroiigh a didritl in wliich tiie lands Iiegan to appiar iiiorc fertile and better cultivated 'I'hchotifcs arc iieie mitch more commodious, being built of lliinc, and flat roofed. Vet, the houCes of the pca- jjiits are, here too, without walls, unlefs they give iliji name to dry Hones, piled one upon another, and liAiii;^ no mortar to cctncnt tlieni. The roofs are cjvtrcd with eaith. Ihey I'.di'ed thruiii;li a villa!;e in which was a fair; aiircinnllance whiih made tlirni liallen forward, as (Ikv were defirous to avoid the crowd. Xcar this I lace, ai the fiot of a high hill, tluy obrc;-vcd a fort I I MJitlcring, micaceous faiid. Tiie people (jf the cDiiiurv have been led, from th(' a[,pearance of this |.inaiienily for ram. In order ih.it they mi^'l.i iiijkc ilie moll of it, when it (hould fill, the pealaius hail railed dykes along the heights, to direct the courle of the waters upon thrir fields. The fields lay favour- aMy Ivir reccuin^ it, beinj; fornu-d into terraces, and ihcfe lupportid bv walls, with ditches to prcleive what water may [n- iieccHary to (upport vegetation. Next day, they came to a (mail iiver which runs inioihe /ebid,and crolledaHo levcial livulets, which l.'cin to be nunicrous in this part of the country. llfie, for the full time lince their departure from Beitcl-Fakih, they faw plantations of coffee-trees, »lon;^the li.les of the road.. Ihey iiow drew nearer tu lie fiver /.tbid, of which a branch at this imie was (Irv, and liaving its channel filled with reeds growing to the height ofiweniy feet, ferved as a line of road, vhi'h was agreeably (liaded by the teeds. In the cvtniiig ihev arrived at I'dden. This loxn is lin '11 and u'lproiedcd ; it contains three hundrrd lioules, all of Itone. I'lic Imam keeps no l)(^la here. .\n hereditary Schiech, who is .i fallal of the Imam's, is the ;;overiu)r. The .Schiech refidcs in a palace, ftaiid- ing upon a high hill wiilioiit the city. Except the immediate neighbourhood of I'dden, the wliole traCl of country through whiili they tra- velled in this excurlion, is thinly jieopled. ISut tl'.e territory of the town is I'o much the more populous, on account of the abundant produce of its coll'ee- uet\ which ij cllecmed the very bell colfee in all Arabia. Leavin;; Udden on the 301I1 of March, tlu y pro- ceeded through a country winch tluy found every where more populou.«. Near a village they law a plain [laiitcd with very inditferent fugai-canes. Half the way lay over a veiy Ihep mountain, and had bten formerly paved j but had nt)W been lon^left «iili(uil repairs. On this mountain, they law a new iMll.mre of llic care with which the Arabians pro\ide lor the accommodation of travellers. Mere, for the firft time, they found a Madgil, or lel'ervoir of excel- lent fielh water for the u'e of paflengers. Such refer- voirs are ot m.ifin-work, of a conical (igure, aiui belute a relervoir, a vale ii!wa)s Hands for drawing thew.iler. I hioii';h all the fertile pans of Yemen, ilif fiunj many ol thole Madgils, by the (ides of the higliwavs. As lloims are piciiv fiecjucnt among thel'e moun- tain.", (onte fmall vaulted houles have been built upon ihntover which they p.iljed, to (belter travellers when lurprifed by any hidden blalt. As ihcy .idvanced on ilieir journey, tlicy faw feve- ral villai;es (nuaie in a euliivated ti.irt. I he fides of the hi'ls were covered miIi rye, and had an agreeable alpett. 1 his pait of the country, aliliini;^h m k»lbcr rcfpctli very l.rtile, ptoduccs no coffee. Through the whole of this journey, they were no' once tcizcd for paflports, or required to pay duties o' any fort, nor fubjcfled to any of thofc (liRiculties» which, even in Europe, are fo generally troublefome to travellers. Although it was in Ramadan, they ftill found their ordinary food, even in the moll folitary colfce-houfes ; and, in the towns, gave no offence, when they purchafcd thofe articles which they prefer- red, in opeii dav. The town of Dsjobla is the capital of a didrifl, and the feat of a Dola. It Hands upon the brink of a deep precipice, and feems to contain about (ix hundred houle.s, of a conliderable height and a good appear- ance. Its llrects are paved; a cafe uncommon in Arabia. 'I'lic Jews dwell here, and through all Ye- men, in a loparaie quarter without the city. Though this place has been celebrated for ages; yet our hero could difcover no remarkable infcription about it. He was (hewn the ruins of fome mofques ; but theic did not appear to him very ancient. The town has neither a eallle, nor walls. At fome diflance is a place enchded with walls, where a Turkifli i'acha has l,ii ;rs oLtiipii'd a liouje ui,|, )f the town wlmj, wasfpanj t upon till- roof, and r,,»,i . < rinwdcd with peopU, v|,, L^^ration with the uimofti'i,.' )l,ir, V. ho iifrd often to yi. iiii; hl^ tlKd.s to a • , . | I, with an air oriudiliL..,., ' the (I iiiKN leached lii>,n...' ctidtiii iKippe-i.s, indicri, -, ; a< tl',e fire .ipproadu i' i,. il;cs !( \\ii,c, eitlior in a ! ,| y, or in the ojien n,,;; 1 liii> piltry hilt, wiaci- isii I cvpencc. r and Mr. Van Havcinvr- he.ir t!ie f.iii);iie5 i^f tr^, ,". :it their whole jurty (liou:j ley let out, thenlorc, op.;.!^, the road to /elnd. I oMeived, people KrncMl | in IM the day. Dm i| ^^^y rnies in th;s ni.irnir, \\l eoniiiuied to c\.iinii c jnj M. N'lelnihr have lunt»(J Hoih, therefore, refirivid y, laksii;; the oMiierchhcir to leave tlic rcll of i:...i id the ba^^'^age, to come up arrai'i^cnicnt, they ici oii palled tlirouj;h tlic pia.m /.ebid, :ind b\ the caiuK II. Tins beautiful trjti ii > in breadth. The pialjii, lields, nnd raifiiigcjnh. i n tlie water for a cciiai be toiMeyrd imo oikr i/.e ilictn in hke nunmr, la, hanily any vil!.i);(s jii. iterveninj; country i, rit., lat coarle fpecics of ^ris hatched h.crc. On ilicu ccflive: iliey were nvor- d fiieltcr ihemfclvcs lur a III. (1 days of their journcv, .■•huts, till they, ailall.ai- f Mauh hid, J iiiy \iiiv (iiiiK of » (Kirniifhin;; '**! ici) a man had been k:iiui r iraNcilers were allatcd, lever intci riipi the pubic rab Itapjieiis to be killtii, w iiii the niuideiir, fur i i.ind of the nia;;ilir.i;cto willini; to receive l.i;i»fic- , nias di-clare a tcli''iu:it:i (eUej upc»n the per(v)n li lions. b-l)oia re fide.', will', afc* lie Dola of Hits, lltr., '(led tor each cf our im f;ri ciiient with the camel- ill harjje ail denianui ul cd to (hill this p.ivmcni. iiiideillaiidiiij '.villi its oHiccii M. NIEBUHR'S TRAVELS through ARABIA. 761 nHiocTs who were to receive it. They told M. Nicbiihr, iliat he mull either pay it bitnfcir, or fuffer them to open and iiifpetl bi> bagi>a)(c. However, on his (|iieiienmi» to complain to the judge of the place, ihcv dclilled from their inlblcnt prctenlions. Thin thit cn.ibliliimeni of culloms and euflom-houfe olli- ccrs, is every where a fourcc of endlcfs villanies and vexations. Tia'v paifed tlirough two other villages and fevcral more coHce-huls, They law, near the road, a fall- work, from which fait is carried to the mountains iipnii camels. The whole of this wav is over fands. Alier a very difa^^rccablc journey from Beii-el- Kakil) tlii-y entered ilie city of Mokha on the 23d of April. All ^*'1"> Iravel by land to Mokha, are oblii;ed 10 f iiii'r bv the lame gate ; and Kuropeans are under ihc lunniliating necelliiy ofalij^hiing from their allls, and proceeding to their lodj;ings on foot. They iluTclore alighted while their baggage was infpecled. iliiili.* who examined that, alkcd neither their nanus (inr their paliports, but directed them 10 a Kan, where Turks lodi;c, and where, as they lappoled, they ,iii.^|u pollilily find fome of their countrymen. At the tiii.e of their arrival, there was an lurglifli mcrclianl from liombay in the citv. They were un- villing to addrefs tbemfelves to him, lell he uu^ht l! ink 'horn vagrants of ftilpicious charaitcr. Helides, iliev hul leiier> of reroininen-l nion Irom their frii'iuls at ji;l.la, i.oheia, and IJeii-el I .ikih, to the Dola, to the (• ii^lilil ml.iprcter, a Hainan 111 great credit, and «i a iiiirclnnt ol the city, whole name was Seid .^a- Ick. Having obferveil, that the Vliidulmans treated iliole I'ag.ins from India, commonly in a very con- Ifmpui.ius manner, they were in no hallc to begin an acq:Mintance with the Hanvan, whom they found af- icrivaicis 10 be a vei v wonhv man. They were alrea- (iv jcipiainfed «itli Scul >),ilek's Ton Ilm.iel, who had liCiM) their eoini>anioii in il-c pall.ige Irom Jidda to l.iih.eiJ, and had made ailvances to obtain their fi.. .idlliii). This llinael, befides, hadeaily prepol- li llc-d tlic m ill his favour, iiy fp'-aktng Dutch lolei ably veil I'hey unluckily, therefore, addrcllcd ihem- Iclve? Iti him in preference to every other perfon. I licic two, the lather and Ion, were aciiillimu'd to jif.^h thcmlelvcs to Itrangcrs with didionert viev.'s; aiui tiic Ion had lludiod lome of the languages of Ku- T'pe, in order that he might be the better able to accnniplilh Ins l.navilli purpoles. They h.id enticed a l);iuh vi Ifel Irom Haiavia to Mokha, the mailer of wtiich Jailing, without relonrce, into their hands, was truclly duped and pluniiercd. Hy their intrigues, iluv had kept every other merchant at a diltancc ; li) that, with rel'pecl to the lale of the cargo, he was abloluiely at their iiiercv. 'I'hey bud hoped to make ihcir !;,iin of our travellers in the fame manner ; and wl;cii thev law their hope.> of this friillraled, laboured, nut (if fpite, to do them every ill othcc in their power. Our heroes paid their lirrt vifit to Ifmael. He re- ri'ivtd ihein Iceniinglv with great kindnefs, treated ihe!ii with punch, and iiivi"(l jrenegado frikm India, wilt) was fettled as a merchant at Mokha, to keep ilicin ciiiiipanv. This rcnegado was a deep di inker, .!iul ctuleavoured, bit without liiccel*, to make them (Iriink. Ifinael iidviled them to relume their Kuro- ptin iliefs, snd not to dilcov er their knowledge of Ai ihic, lell iliey Ihoiild be taken lor rcnegad(>e<. Me pmieavoiwcd to did'uide them from tlieir intended 1 uiriicy toSaim; telling them, thai ihofc bighlanders vcrea lavage, inhofpitable race, and ihc Imam treat- rJ all llrdiigtrs wh'> bad the misfortune not to b>- Miillilni.ins, in the moll abulive manner. He was alii caieliil to prfpollicfs them againll the people of Molvlia, who by his account, entertained inveterate hairo'l againll I'.iiropeans : but encouraged them, by I'liiriii'; ihc povwMful prrttcilion of bis father, to ward "If every duiigftr or mortilieaiion that ibey mii-ht have to fear. In (hort, his w!i,)le eonverfalion was ol Inch a nature, that M. Niebnhr could not help Perceiving from it, that travcih-i> mull be grofslv im- poled Upon, whenever they triid crcduloiidy to ilie relations they receive from the inhabitants of the country through which they iravel. Had they not known .\iabic, they might have returned into Europe with very falfe iinprclTions of every thing in Arabia. The only piece of fervice that this man did our Kuropeans, was, in immediately hiring for them a houfe that was large enough to lodge them all. from what happened to them liill, after their arri- val in this city, they found reafon to fiifprfl, that Ifmael bad fecretly inlligatcd the under officers of the culloms to harafs and opprefs them, in order that the\- might be thus forced to throw tbemfelves into a blind and implicit dependence upon him. Their bagi;age was carried llraight to the cudom-houfc, where was the Dola in perfon. They beijged, that ihofe articles which they needed for immediate ufe, might bril be iiilpefcled : but the officers would begin with examinint; iheir cliells of natural etirioliiies, which they Iwd lent by lea from I.oheia, and which bad been kept here unopened, ever lince the arrival of the vclfel by which they had been br(ni;;hi. In one of the cbells were lilhes from the Arabic gulf, prtfer- ved in fpirits of wine, and endoled in a fmall barrel. They begged the ollicers of the culloms not to open the barrel ; for that the lilhes finelled difagrccablv. They, however, not only opened it, but fearched it with a pointed inlhiimcnt of iron, and at length em])- tud It entirely of the contents. The Arabs, wlv,> have a violent averfion to llrong litpiors, were much prepollcHed againll them, when they l-ul the fmcH of the fpirituous litjuor; and were no Ids dilpleaied to find the f;ctor of the dead tiHics fpread through the whole ciillom-houle. They infilled that they fliould, at lead, let them have their beds. Hut, without lilleiiing to their re- qiioll, they contimied to t(ds over and examine their chells, whicli contained fpecimens of Hulls, at the rilk of breaking tliein. The Arabs could not com- prehend how a man of fenle could rolled Inch trilles, without fome intereilcd views: and th.-y accordingly acculed them of intending to abulc the Dola, by pro- ducing only articles of trilling vu'ue, to amul'c his people, while they concealed their more preciom ettctls. ,\t lad, appeared a vefTel in which Mr. Forfkal had preferved lome ferpcnts in fpirius of wine. At fight of this, the Arabs were terrified. A perlon, who was Irrvant to the Dol.i, oblerved, that tliole Franks had come hither to poifon the Muffulman.s, and that it was in order to their I'urcefs in this, that one ol them pretended to be a phylician. The Dola, who was a mild old man, and till now did no', feem to have con- ceived any prejudice againll them, became fiidd.nly in a pallion when this itiea was luggelK , bcDii, lunl licaitl <»r ilnii ilil- ricuUii's ami iJcijilcxiiy j aiiil alilioiii^li ilu-y had not yet viiitcd liini, lie K'*^'-' tlit-'in an invitation lo dinner, wliicli ilu-y accopiid with the nuatcfl plcalurc. Ik- cx|in(lv(l a warm dtlirc lo li'rvc iliiMn j and ilicy now pfi ccivi-d, how t'oolilhly they liad atlcd in not apply- ing;, at III It, to him and his Haniaii interpreter. How- ever, they diirll not break oti' abruptly \wth Ifmael and his l'ail".'r. Wlicn thev conid not ohiain any of ihcir ihiiiRS from (he i.u'lonihoii'c, lliuacl adviled thcni to offer chc I)i)la a ^jrclent oF lifty diKaisj and hinted tiiai he llionid he the bearer of ilie prcleiii, for that the Dola would not condefecnd to (peak with Chrillians. They liail no intention of niakin<; lu large a prel'ent, Hill lei" of inirullinj; him with it. But, after various rc- fletlions, they at lall refolved to facnlice tholb fifty ducats upon (he occaiion ; an({ it was agreed, that M. N'iebuhr Ihould wait upon the Dola with this pre- fent, next day. t)n his way, however, he learned, that the Dula having been e.xerciling hii troops, had received a wound in the foot. L'|)i)ii receiving thit information, he returned home; liopinj^ that their phyfician would be lent for, and that they mi^ht thus avoid the cxpeiuc of the prefent. But, as Mr. Cramer wjs not called by the Dola, and their elfcCls Hill remained at tiie cullom-houre, ilicy undcrllood tiiat a coniidcrablc prefent was ex- pcfck-d from them. Mr. Kurfkal had hitherto been always refilled admifTion by ihe fervants I'f the Dola, upon pretence, that their inadcr would not treat w;ih ihcm oiherwile, than ihroii);li the medium of Ifmael and bis father i yet, he now undertook to make a new aueinpt to obtain an audience. When he liad ex- plained the purpiife of his vilit, he was admiiivd, ami fo gracioufly rcceiveil, that the Dola kiiidlv chid liiin for not appi) ingdiieclly to himlelf at the litlt. .\e.\t day, he in l.i> tuin, lent them a prelciii of four lambs, and two finall ba^s of rice; and at the fame time gave orders ihat their eflttts (liouid be delivered to them, wiihoui bcin>; more parucularly rxamiiied. Ihe Dola, when he received hij wound, had been adviled by the principal perlons about him, to fend for the I'.uropfan phyfician. JJut he was afraid, that Mr. ( raMicr minlii, in reven|;e for the illlnaiment whicii ihcy had lulfcred, ad:iiiniltcr to him impiopcr medu.incs, or mijilit ap|>ly healing driijjs, which iho Arab, iliink very dangerous, iiiit tiie Cadi reprc- lenied to him, that no pcrfon liad yet complained of c>ur travellers; and that it was nowife ftrangc, that a piulirian Ihould have dead lerpents in his polfeflion, ihele being ufcl as ingredients in fomc medical com- pcjfuions. I'lic Kuropeans, he further told him, ought not to be delpil'ed or (lighted for cullcding fliells or infects, of winch the .Arabs knew not the ufc. Thefe reprefentations, and the alarming Hate of the wound, which was becoming wotfc, in the hands of four or five empirics, induced the Dola to fend, on the .{ill ol May, tu inijuire whether they were Hill angry with him, or if their phyfician would undertake to cure him. 1 hey were all overjoyed to hear that the prejudtcc-s wi, icrnaini from any accident. The captain of an Kll^l.fh (hip lent them li.x of his failors lo brai the boilv to iht I'.iiropeaii biiryiiig-|iljce. All the Knglidi in Mokl j aiieiuh d at the fiiiUTal : and ihe obleqiiij s wcrcprr. formed with inoie decency, and wiih lei's inicrriipiirii than ihole of a Conful at Cairo, which were diltiiili. ed by the crow- lemnity, and by the robbery of ihe audacious litdoii. ins. On this occafion, the Arabs ol '\eiiieii (llcwc 1 ihemfelvcs realoiiahle and humane. Aficf the death olMr. \'in Haven, they bfnan ii I'.iink ferioully of leaving Mokha, and making a imr ii;to the inierior pans of \'enien. 'I'hey were divuifl in opinion, with regaid to the plan upon which ih. v ou^iht to regulate iheii fubleijiient proceedings; ! mic being difpoled to rrniain another year in .Arabu, while the red were dehrou.s nf returning inniiciliaul^ t travel together, they ccaild nut well go wiiiiout a certain train to accompany ihem. Tluy could iiui, however, iravcl in this dyle wiihoui permidion ficni the DoIj, which would not be eadlv obtained; as it could not be thought, that he would willingly luffir jiis phylician to leave him before his wound wai he.:!- cd. I'liey iieverthelcfs ventured to make the rcquell: but the Dola refufed ihcni upon a fair pretext. !'>• told tUem, that he mull firll wriie to Sana, to km^w whether the Imam would receive them, and ihaithcv could not leave .Mokha till the Iinam had returned an anfwcr. When thus refufed pcrmifTion to proceed to Sv.'.?, thry begged that ihey mighi, at lead, be allowed to remove to Taccs, in ihe meantime, for the fake of their bealih. l^vcn this was refufed them. They tl''"" prypofcd to the Dola, to leave their phylician bcliiml. But the Aribs feared, that the pain of feparaiion from his friijnds, miglit fccreily diltrefs Mr. Cramer, Id as lo render him more negligent of his patient's cnre. When tiiey complained of thefe rellraiiits lo ihe principal men of the city, tlicy obfervcd, that it '.vis hard to conceive what rendered them fo impatient to depart ; for that by going to the Highlands, lliey Ihould only endanger their health more, as thole who went thither from ihe burning fands of Tehama, were commonly aiiackcd with, a violent fever iiuniediaicly upon tJicir arrival. iiTTi'"'.*!- Kl^- '■.. .At -'^Ai«„4»*^j '#"',,!: AVKLS. M. NIKBUIIR'S TRAVELS r n r o u f, ii ARABIA. to piil'iiii. Hill 111, I'liii. C.I loi an ;iO nl iuIoIcikc li il, llire.iuiii'd ilic 'iiri!. Ii tln-y i!ii>;!u In- unu m lu)iii;l) i( wvinlli r,> (i| liiv III, .ipd ciiiri'.iicd liini i,i ilv ii-Kiiiiim'iul to h;.ii, ij 1 fii'iirc. it.iiu)ii, rciuk-rcd Mi>klM ■ ihiiii it h.ul licii) ;u liid, r.ill li'vcrcly U|)()ii ilain, ki'd, Idoii aliiT Ins arr;^, i ly, Irom wdiii li, liimcvir, (i,i\s illiicls. Mr. \,^n ftt IK il-tl-rakili, li(.'caii c aikiiii; (lilt ill tlic cool <;! y well lliimi^li tlic iii;l.i; was (|iiilc uiMldc to Ijf.ir. i)f Icvciiil ni<;hts liicctl. L' hoiilc, in tlic opui air, cd. Cii the nji-lit of ilr lid, a I'd w.i.s [() ill in i!,- (!ary lor iwo 1. ivaiitN n, larliiieiit. His fever \.;>i J iic was dc!iri»);i'i l)y ili; iito a dcip Ictliar;), and ihi' dind in a tofTin, i< iiii- id one made, liowtur, It Icr t') prt'ltrvc Ids rcrnaim jptain of an Kii!;l;lti Ihip to l)rai llic" boclv to i!;; All llic l',n«lilli iii'Mokli d the olik<]iiij s were per- and with lels interriipiinn airo, which were dilliiili- people to wiinels llic lo- ' of ihe audarioiis Ikdo::- A rails ol ^'enieii IlicwrJ MiiiiaiK'. Ill Haven, iliry hfi^an m kli.i, and making; a t< iir men. Thev were divulf 1 c pl.in upon which il. v |iieiil proeecdinps; ' mc iiother year in .AuLm, f retiiniing imiiiciluuly reed to fet oi' williout urnry to Sana, ilkal had mad'. . veni 7'{ iiilV, and alinoil \,ithout i;o!c party wcrj now tu not well RO without a them. Tluy could not, without permidioti horn he ealilv ohtaiiied ; as it he would williii;;ly CulTic lore his wound ^va^ IilvI- red to make the reqiicl; : ipon a fair |)retcxt. !'>• write to Sana, to kii(,w :civc them, iind ihatthcv ihe Imam had returned [Tion to proceed to Svw, at lead, be allowed lo can time, for the lake of cfuledlhem. They then e their phyfician behind. e pain of feparaiion from illrcfs Mr. Cramer, Id as u of his patient's cure, f theic reltraiiits to the ey obfcrvcd, that it '.vJ' ;rcd them fo impatient id to the Highlands, they liealth more, a« thole who g fands of Tehama, were ioleni fever iraniedijtcly M .\t length, when ihty were much at a lol's how lo pviiceed, d liirt'.ieaf cmpirie luckily came in, to free ihein from their perplexity. He promil'cd lo cure the Ooli'.s v»oiind within ei<;htdays; and ilicir pliy- lician was iiiiniediatcly di'millcd. They, at the fame time, ohiaincd p^ i ininion to Tel out for 'I'ntrii, and were favoured wiiha letter of recommendation to tlic Dola of that city. Mr. Cramer received for his fee, a mule with a laddie and bridle, and Indian ftulf fir a liiii of clothes in the Arab falhion. \s an ad- liiiioiial pioof ofhi.s fricndlhip, the Dula lent one of hislcivants lo attend them. I hey fliould have been well plead d to exeiife this inliancc of his attention; liir his fervant wa» only a Ipy, under a more honour- able n.itiie, lo wMUli o\er their conduct, and hinder ihciii frviMi Koii'S fiiriher ihan Tatr*. Not willnng to run any ri(k of lofing their ready money, they put it all into the hands of the l^nglilli interpreter, who fjave them bills upon hi.s country- men, the Banian.s at Tau's and Sana. This wu.s the lull time they could (^ct bills of Exchani^c in the Eaft. Leaving .VIokha with picafurc, as their Hay in it had been not a little difagreeable, they proceeded, on the gtli of June, tlir dillant from ,\Iokha. It is the capital of the territories ol .Schiech Ibi Ak- hn, who relides here; its liiuation on the fumnni of a liill, rende.s it naturally itiong. At the foot of the l.ill Hands a town, the public prifon in which is laid lo be the moU dilmal in Yemen, lleforc the door of the prilbn in Dvirebat, they hw peifons who had been (iiiiliy only of very irivi»! laidi'. conlincd, a number of them together, by cue chiin ill the open air. Near them Hood a guard of loIJiers of llic Imam's, whom llic Schiech is obligi d lo iiiaintnin. Continu- ing their journey from DoreLai. ilay found on their *.iy, a number of Hne villages, and many cofTec-huts, and inadsjils, or rclcrvoirs for water, in ;i columnar form. A violent Itnrm again compelled them to halt. Next day they faw from a hill, ihe callle of Taces, Hill at a dillanec. Early on the i3lh they reached the city. Immediately after their arrival, they lent their let- ter from the Dola at Mokha, to the i)ola of Taces, who ftraightway recjuired iliem to wait upon him at his houfe. He feenied to be in a very good humour, sad made ihein an oli'ci of pipes, and kaad (the buds of a certain tree v.'hich the .Vrali.s chew, ai the Indians do Heielj ; but they did not relidi tliisdni;. He re- lated lo them, how that a rep'ut had lieen I'pre.id at Taces, of iheir havm ' brought feveral clieds full of Icrpents to Mokha. lU: ordered them Ik be condufted into a houle, ihe proprietor ofuhiih he had latidy impriloned; and fent them, as a jiiel'eiit, two lambs, with al'm.ill quantity of meal. They, in urn, oi':'.;red him a piece of India llulF. Next day, they delivered their other letters of re- commendation from th ir friends at Mokha. I'lu y were well received every where. The Dola of .Mok- ha's fervant had the prelumption to aiiv iid them on all their vilits, and impoled his company on them, in like manner, when they received the viliis of others. 'I'hey could not imagine whether this were done out of vanity, or in order to keep a lit icl eye on all liieir motions. They found the temperainre of this country to agree entirely with ilieii conltitutions. Inlload of the opprclfivc heats under which they liafed to content himfcif with copying an in> fcripiion in the fortrefs t and Mr. Forfkal relumtii his intention of fending (or a Schiech from Mount Sahiier. '('he Dola agreed to (heirwifhesi but at tnidni-'Jit he fcni to tell them, that he had received a letter liom ilii: Dola of Mokha, requiring them to return iuimcdiatel) to the latter city. 'I'licy fufpcfled this letter to be a preten;;, and refuled to complv. Karly in the morning, however, camels were lent to can) them away, but tluy fent them back. With TurlsS the)' durfl not have done (0 much. They could not comprehend what were the Dola's views, unlcl<, perliap-, iic might, like the Dola of Mokha, intend 10 e\toit fome coiiliderable prefent from them. Into ii;el'e views they had no difpofition to enter, and tlicrcloto loiight a private audience of him, in hopes of biiiiTiiig hiui to real'on. 'I'beir fcr- vani was feveral times fent hack under <; liferent pre- texts. At I id, Mr, Forlkal obtained artel's to the Dola, and be;.;gcd of him only to permit them to wura|.|j change luddcnly took place upon tlicir circiin!!l.iiKc< .A letter was brought them by exprel's from the Dola of Mokha, and in it were three others, .■:i:toiK. Iinam, another to his vizier, and a third .0 the Doi, of Tares. He informed ihcm, that the Imam o^j^. them permidion to go to Sana, a!)d widied tlicni id carry their curiofities with them. He acqtiaintedthc Dola of I'aocs with their madcr's orders, and hedged him tti favour their departure to Sana. Mr. ForlLai went iiidaiilly with this letter to the governor, (,,.. coidd not obtain accefs to him, and was obliged ;,i give it to his lervant. They now thought their ad'airs in a good train, and wouk: even have let out without tiouhling the I)ola further, if they could have obtained camels wiih„i,. his ituerpontion on their behalf. Thofe who hn- thefe cattle are united in a fort of Corporation; nid travellers are obliged to apply to the head ofihc company, who has recourfe upon the owners ofiht camels, and makes them furnifli, in turn, the num. her which may he wanted. Unluckily the Dola him. fell' was at the headof this company, and was obliged to furnilh camels in his turn. They let him ktnwii;« they were about to depait. He anfwercd, that «. mels were ready to convey them back to Mokiia.bui that the orders rcCpcding' their journey to Sana re- garded onl) tiu- Dola of Mokha. In the perplexity to which they were tediircd lv this condud of the Dola's, they knew not what to d:,. Several inllances of the equity and gencrofity ofiht Cadi were in the mean time relate'd to them, in which he had brought the governor to rcafon in cafes fimiijf to thciri. 'I'hey made iheir complaints therefore la that judge, and Ihewed him their leiten from Mnkha. He ilidught the Doli>'s conduft very unrear.inahli-, and iin;!ic(iiatcly wrote to him to beware of doiiT'ativ thing in contraditlion to the orders of t!ic Iniiir,, The Dola replied, that he did not hinder their jour. ney to Sana, but, ad^ed them to day one day, nil h; (hould write his letters to court upon the oi calion. They offered to llav tvs'o or three days. N'otniih- (landing this, the Dola's lervants cnn)c next moriiin-, and ordered them in his name, to depart to Mol;!-j. I'hey had again recciUrCe to the «.'adi, who hcingpit- viouOy informed of all that Ind happc'ud, haH, in the moriiing, written to the Dola, that he (hould i.it aft in a harlh or interedcd manner with them ; fir they were Itrangers. The Hafkaieb told them ini!;: evening, thai the Dola was lorry, that his I'crvami had fomc 10 them with a meffagr in his name which he had given them no orders 10 deliver Jiut upon this head they knew fudicie^itly what tt) think. The Dola of Mokha's fervant could not now be of further ufe to them; the;- difmided him ihrrclorc wiih a handlome reward. Uut as they ftill wanted a guide who knew the interior parts of Yemen, ihiv begged the Cadi to dirci.l ihcm to fuch a one; and lie politely lent them an Arab, who afterwards accdin- panied them to Mokha, and with whom thcv were perfetlly fatisficd. The Dola fliewed likewife ailif- podtion to make amends by kindrcfs fur thctroubit he had f iven ihem, and t)rderrd one of his fcrvanii to aeconifany them on their journey. I'his man hail the addrel's to dipnlate beforc-hami, in the prelnire of feveral perfoiis of didinilion, for the wages wlw'n they were to [t»y him. 'ihe Cudi, tinaflied, had the gencrofity to give our travellers n letter of reroinmeirdation to the Imams vi/.icr, in which he told him, that he fliould beware of believing any thing that might be relatctl to hiinw the difadvaniagc of thofe Franks. They could have widied to make the j dge a prefent of a watch; liii probity and henclicenc: having infpired them with die liighcU vcHcratiun fur hit character, and the livcliclt , • ■ guiiiudc l;i;; ''■;;<:'; ; S AND TRAVEL S. tioiiing their little Ichemcs. But tl,c „^ ; lim fhori, CayiniT; " Since you would iioi rvaiiis, I iiiylelf o'der you to be gone i,, lorrow." means to elude the Dola's ordeis, (|i„ i packed up their goods, wiicfi ii favouraHl. i-nly look place upon tlicir circiMi!!l,nKc< brought them by cxprcl's (Voin die D„ij and in it were three others . ,:iot|.. her to his vizier, and a thirc ,o the Doil le informed ihcm, thnt the lunm o.qv;. lion to go to Sana, and wiflsi-d tlicni i„ uriofitics with them. He acijuaiiitedtlic :s with their maflcr's orders, ;ind bejmtj r their departure to Sana. Mr. Kotll.ji y with this letter to the governor, plain acceHi to him, and was obli (iTvant. thought their affairs in a good train, ar.d lave let out without troubling the 'l)fl!a iry could have obtained caim-ls will;,,,,. on on their behaiC. Thole who h'jc irc united in a fort of Corporation; sri e obliged to apply to the head ofih; ho has rccourfe upon the owners of il;{ makes thctn furnifh, in turn, the num. ay be wanted. Unluckily the DoLhim. head of this company, and was (.bli^cd ncls in his turn. They let him knowihn lout to depart. He anfwt^cd, that cj. dy to convey them back to Mokiia.bu; •rs rclpeHing their journey to Saul k. the I)()!a of Mokha. plexity to which they were rcdnrcd I, of the Dola's, they knew not what lo (i,. nces of the equity and gencrofiiy ofihe the mean time relate'd to them, in which ;ht the governor to ic.ifon in cafes fimiUr I'hcy made iheir complaints therefore lo nd (hewed him their kiten from Mnkb. the Oolr's conduft very uniTarwiahl,', tcly wrote to him to beware of doin'^ai't itraditlion to the orders of t)ic Iniain. plied, that he did not binder their jiwr. but, allied them to lliy one dav; lili ht bis letter* to court upon the oicufioii, il to (lav two or three days. .Vnnvith. the Dola's fervants came next mornin- ilieni in his name, to depart to .Mok'j! am reecurfe to the v'.idi, who heinirpiT- mcd of all that hid h.ippcned, Inri, m written to the Dola, that he (hould'i.m 1 or interefted manner with ihcm ; fir angers. The Halkaieb told them in i!;; I the OoU was lorry, that his fcnmi them with a melfagr in his namewliidi 1 them no orders lo deliver Hut upon y knew funicif^iily what to tliirk. t>f Mokha's fcrvant a>uld noi now be of r, them; ihey difmifled him ihcrclorc :>me reward. Uut as thcv ftill warned a «ew the interior parts of Yemen, ihtv «di to dirca them to fuch a one; and lie them an Arab, who afterwards accmii- lo Mokha, and with whom thev were died. The I>ola lliewed likewifc a dif- ake amends by kindnefs for the trouble them, and ordeird one of his fervami • them on thoir journey. 'l\\$ man had » ftipulaio before-hand, in the prclcnre r«y him. unaflifd, had the gencrofity to give our rttcr of recoinmetrdation to the Imams lich he told him, that he fliould beware iny thing that might be relattrd to himio age of th :(c Franks. They could have ke the j dge a ptvfeni of a watch; Im -Mieficenc; having infpired ihein witli ilie ation for hi« character, and the livclirlt giaiiiuilc M. NIEBUHR\S TRAVELS through ARABIA. 765 gratitude for his favours. Hut they were informed ilKit ho would accept no fucli thinj;, Icll he might aiip'.ar to have intercltcd views in taking [lart with tiitin. I'l.ey could not fee the Dola before I'lcir depar- ture; hi: avoided receiving tl'.eir vilit under pretence of iilncls. 'J'leir friends liowcvef alfiired them, that he was fallen (erioully ill, in coiil'equence of tlie iin- Ciiiind's which their oMlinate relilhiiicc to his will had nivcn hiu). Their linnnefs was indeed laid to have iiiaiie iiim contemptible in the eyes of t!ie inhabitants of tlie city. His conducl had oceafioned them no Icis vexation. M. Xieh.uiir even' blamed the uiiealiiu:!'. with wliieh Mr. Torlkal w,is at that time agitated, as the bid ocialion of the illneis which loon afier iuiiried him to the j.^rave. I'rom T.iies thry let out on the 28th of [iinc; and fur tl'.c lirll two il.iys, found no human habitaiions on tl'.cir way, except I'ome paltry i Dilee-huts, a few vil- h;;cs, and a I'luall town: and moll of the villages were falling into ruins. Tl e couiury is uncultivated, 311(1 alniull deiulaie ; whic*- i'eem- lo be owing to the Lite wars lor the fueceirion to the throne (d" 'I'atts. On the third d.iy they reached Mhanas. A violent llorin fiirpiiled them, and gave tl.cm an opponuniiy of remarking how the torrents, niliiui'.; upon fucli occaiions from the hills, produce llie gullies, one of wliicii ihey palfed on an aich of lolid Itone. Tlie great inns which arc fcattered over the coun- try from the ■["eiiama thus far, are called .Mattrac'i. J'l.clc are private houles, tlie mailers of which furnifli iravcUers witli their meals, wliitli are commoidy very iiidillcrent. Iktween Mi'.arras and Sana; almoll at cverv half day's journey, Itaiui.s a large Simfera of burnt bricks. 'I liel'e edilices, like tlic caravanleras in Turkey, have been built b) wealthy perlons for the accommod..;ion of travellers, and alfurd fafe lodging, but 110 other fort oflood tlian colfce, rice, bread, and butter, 'i he traveller mull bring his other provilions *iih him. On the ill of jidy, having croffed Mount Mharrcs tipon a paved road, they enieied a more lertile coun- try, and after pafling leveral villages and a number of inadjils, arrived at ,\bl). This city Hands on the hciglit of a lull, is lurioiinded by a llrong wall, and contains 800 houles, moll of which are in a good falhion of bulKling. Its llreits are paved, and it has a goud many Imall molipies. ikdide one of thele is a large rcfervoir, which leceives water by an aqucdutl, and fupplies all the houles in tlie city. At a fmall dillance, between .\bband Dsjobla arc iwoiivuleis, one ofwlich lunning weilward, is in- crealed into the river /tbid; and the otiier running fouthward, forms Mcidam, a river which dilendiogucs iiltUinto the lea near Aidcn. The dillerent courles oftlxle rivers, two of the moll conliderable in the country, and the circumflancc of their taking their iilcliere, (ccm to indicate this as the tnoll elevated Ipiii in the mountainous part of the Imam's dumini- uns. Thdieiglit of MouiU Sumara, which they palled 1)11 the (lay following, is another pioof of this. I'hcy ir.tvilKd down Mount .\bl), along good paved roads, ami then croU'ed a country of a varied I'urlace, having Milages, madsjils, and hoiil'e.% for tlie pinteilion of Itavillers, fcattered over it. No remarkable place was to be fucn except tl e city of Muclivi.lwjr, Handing on a hill, and the feat ol'a Oola. ACicr Ipcndiiig the night in a Siml'eia, they began to alccttd Mount Sumar 1, a hill much hij^her than Miiarrcs, by ways which had been rendered accelliblc to camels by being paved, ai\d carried in a winding diredion round thole places, which were too deep for direct acccfs. Half way up ilie bill is the village of Mciilil, in which is a fuperb Simfera built all of licwii Hon'.'. 'I'hey obtained a conveinent apaitincnt upon the roof, of which Mr. I'orlkal, who was now ex- tremely weak, Hood very much in need. Here they remained dining the next day, and would gladly have Uaycd lili their friend had been 84- foinewhat better; but their camel-drivers could not here find food fitting for their cattle. They propofcd to theiii to proceed 10 Jerim, a cityat a fmall diltancc, and promiied that their fiek friend (hould be borne by men over the rugged roads of Mount Sumara. They were jKrluaded, and fet forwaid on the 5th of July. Our hero went before, to enjoy the frefh air : a piece of inexculahle imprudence in places of fo keen a temperature. He foon felt himfeif alTeBed ■vith a fevere rheum, vomitings, and exceflive thirH, wliicli he could not have quenched on that defart. mountain, if he had not fortunately met with a pea- fant who pcrmit'cd him to drink out of his pitcher of water. He faw nothing in this put of their journey, which feemed worthy of attention, except a ruinous caHle, the property of the family of Halfan, and (landing on the very peak of Mount Sumara. In this neighliourhood, are two tribes of watidering .'Vrabs, who are now fettled in villages. There are no more licdouins in the Imam's dominio'ns. The Arabs could not be perfuaded to carry a ChiiHiaii; and Mr. Forlkal was therefore placed iti his bed upon a camel. Ali'unigh they had proceeded Ihiwly, he was in a deplorable condition, by the time they reached jeriin. 'I'liey now found, that, althougb they h.ad accullomed themlclves to live like the iidia- hiia.iis of the country, yet there were certain conve- niences vvhich, in cafe of illiiefs, they could not but want. They lodged in a public inn j but the crowd of Ipctlators whom curiolity brought together, to fee the Europeans, becoming extremely troublefome, they hired a more quiet apartment in the city, when; they might live undilluibed till their fellow traveller (hould recover his health. It was impofliblc to find pcrfons who would carry their fick friend. Their Mahometan fervant refuled toalTiH them in removing Mr. Forlkal from the one houib to the other; and they were obliged to carr)' him themfelves. |eiim is but a fmall town, yet the feat of a Dola, whc) relides in a caHlc lituatc on a rock. The houfes are built of Hone, and of bricks which have been dried in the fun. At two miles diHance from this place, according to the tradiiionof the Arabs, Hood once the famous city Dhal'ar, verv litilc of the ruins of whicli now remain. '1 he lirll magillratc of jerim, however, told .\1. N'iebuhr, that a large Hone is Hill to be feen there, with an infcriptian, which neither |ews nor Mahometans can explain. This was pro- bably the fitiiatiou of the city o{' Taphar, which an- cient hiHorians mention as the feat of the llamjarines. If any Ilamjarine inlcripiion lliall ever be difcovered, it will probably be among thele ruins. The Arabs maintain that IJhafer w.isiht ie.it of Saad-el-Kamniel, a famous hero, king of all Arabia, who lived eigh- teen hundred year.-, ago. On the eaH (ide of Mount Sumara, they found the climate very dillerent from what it was on the well tide. It had rained almoR eviry ilay ol their journey from Taics to .Mcnlil ; and the earth was covered witli a charming verdure. At jcriin, on the contrary, no rain had fallen for three months, although dillant thunder had been heard almoH every day. In this want of rain, the loculls had multiplied prodigioufly, and had eaten up almoll all the produtlions of the earth. The inliabiiants of Jerim refolved to put up public prayers for rain, on the eighth of July ; and for that purpole, repaired in proceffion to a place without the city, where fuch folemniiies were ufually performed. 'I'he company who walked in procefiion, confilled of a number of clergymen in a drefs cxpref- (ive of humility. Two venerable Schiechs walked at their head, bearing open calkets full of books. As they proceeded, all fang and repeated Ibort prayers. Hardly was this ceremony over, when, on the very fame evening, a ftorm arofo, with hail and a very heavy rain. The rains became afterwards more fre- quent. Iktwccn the tropics they fall at regular pe- liods, on the dill'eioni lides of the great ranges of hills. In all the markets, locuHs were fold at a low price; for fo prodigioully iiunKrints were they in a 9 H plain i , ^1. I :' 'I' iJl fvt'r m j66 NLW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRA ^if. mw^ fm W' ■ Vxai^AU:. pUiii m-ar jerim, ih.it iliey niigln be taken by hanJ- fuls. Our travellers l.iw a pearaiu havinR a lack full of them, •.vhicii he was (^I'iiiir to dry and lay up for wiiuer pruviiioiis. Wliencver it ceakd raining for an hour cr two on the other fii e of Mount Suinara, legions of thel'e inleds ul'cd to come over to Jeriin. They Caw ihe pc.iiants of Menfd purluiiig them, in order to prclcrve their (ic'ds from abfoluie defo- lation. In the flreets of Jerim, they faw a bridegroom pro- ceeding to the bath in ceremony. Tw on a itecj ■'■ •*.■.'. ' ' ' . . ' OYAGES AND TRAVELS. M. NIEBUIIR'S TRAVELS through ARABIA. 767 tliey could, all the way ; fo great is the averfion of thofc people to touch a Chrilliaii. Mii'v ulolvcd to bury their dcceafcd Friend in s cofhn J but ihey had done better to have I'oiloucd the Arabian mode, and wrapped him (imply in a lb;,!. cloth. I he coffin made the people ru,.\.ct that the Europeans buried' riches with the bodies of ihcir dead. At Sana, ihcy learned that iVr. Forfkal's bo- dy had been taken up by nii^ht, and that the "rave- clothes had been (natclied away, after the coffin was opened, 'llie UoU oblisjed ihe'|ews to bury it again and lelt iheni the tottin for their pains. ' After the huji.i! of their friend, ihey had nothiji.r to detain them from coniiiniiniJ their journev. ()i^ the 13th of July, they left jerim, and after piocecj. ina for lour miles alonij rut-^ed road:, and throunju barren country, arrived on th.c (an>e d.iv at l),.iil,r Through this traa of road, the people who fdl Kn! cher are in fo wrrtchc.l condition, that they live ia pour huts, and lie on the ground. As they had lived fo long at jefim, tlie inhal)iinr!, of Daniar had previous notice of their appro.ich Europeans feldom pals this way; and the peopic ot this place being therefore very curious to fee them came out and met them half a'lennue from the cilv! As they drew ne.ircr, the crowd b; came more nmm! rousj and therefore, 10 av.iid b. ing teized and .lif. iirbed by them, tluy would not enter an inn, Liit iired an empty houfe. 1 hjs preciuiion little av'uikd hem; for the crowd lurrounded them in fnch a man. tcr, that they could not enter their iod^^ing. Mr. "ramer being mounted on bis mule, forced his w'lv )ut then they exclaimed .c^ainll the inlolence of tho n(;i!el;., and brgaii to tinow (tones in at their V"i. lows. They thoii-lu of a(king a guard from the I)„|j, lilt were told that he had only tbiriv (oldicrs in all,;,,,^' ras afraid of the mob himfclf. At lall, ihe.(ir(l inn-. Irate comingtocoiifiilt their phyfician.advifedthcmM ake no notice of the petulance of the (ludcnis, «h,) hrcw (tones that they might draw them to the windon,. he tumult foon ceafed, and the mob difperfed. 'I'hc citv of Damar (tands in a fertile plain. It i, le capital of a province, and is governed by a Doh 'ho reddev in a large calllc. It has a famous uiiiver' ty, in which to the number of five hundred (tudtnti re commonly employed in their Cudies. Ii iswiih- lit walls; its buildings are good; and it is very brer, antaining no fewer than five thoufand houfes. The cws live in a dciached village; hut the Banians are L-rmitied to live in the town among the Mufiulmatis. In no other city had their phyfician better pr.itiict. s he was unwilling to go out on account of the imil), e (ick were brought to him in their beds; and an habitant of this town accompanied them to S.in.i, irely that he might have an opportunity of conluli- g their phyfician by the way, and in that citv. Near Damar is a mountain containing a mine of iiive (ulphur. In another hill, (omewhai funhci llant, thofc fine cornelians arc found, which arc l.i uch eftcemed in .Arabia. Their European (ervant falling ill, they left him at ainar, to follow them by (hort journies. Athn rival, he complained that nobody would give lii:n Jging by the way. The Arabs were afraid that ! c ght die in their houfes, and that they might I.e liged to take the expcncc and pains o( burvnu' n. 1'. On the «4ih of [nlv thev crofTed a plain encom- lied with bate anj arid hi'ls. .Vear the road. r.A thin a mile of Damar, is the fmall town of Maiwb- I. The road becomes very rugged; and the coun- appears marfliv and ill culiivaicd towards Siira(i,;f. im Suradgc to Sana, the village> are all furrouiided !i orchards and vineyards. They were here over- eit by a Itorm of hail, accompanied with peals of ndcrj but 110 madsjils were nigh, to flielierour lellcri. Vcxi day thry had f]il! worfc roads 10 travel j which ned furprifing, lo near the capital. They l.iw dafa, which (laiiJa oji a (tccp, inlulated rock, in<\ f lu jn which is (aid. to be a curious infcription, upon an old W'lll- ''''■• infcription was mentioned to M. Nic- [iiilir at Taocs ; a;iil he was infoiined by a Jew at S.iiia, that the cbaratlers lofemble neither the Arabic fi„r tiie Hebrew. He fulpefchd them to b Hamja- ji„c, and was forry that it was not i:i his power to f^aniine them. Alter palling through feveral paltry villages, they .; Icnjjtli reached Seijaii, a village, which, together j^jih suradgc, belongs to the princes of the blood; i!;V ohlervcd in it a good many ruinous houfes As (liuie falls not enough of rain here, large relcrvoirs have been formed at the foot of the hills, and from ijjiMi- liic water is dilliibutetl through the country at coiiiidcrable cxpence and trouble. Hoping to enter Sana, on the i6ih of July, they piuoii their Turkilh drelfcs in the moniing; their jppcai'ii'cc being fomcwhat better than that of the Arabic garb they had worn in the courl'e of their jciirnry. .\loiig a llonc bridge, they paffed a fmall i:vL'r, the water of wliich is. not far below, loll among ihe r.inil; and they halted near the village of Iladde, when.' the Iiiiain has an orchard, at a uiile'.s dillaiicc f.oin Sana. On the morning of the 16th of July tl.ey had feiu ihtir fcrvaut forward, with a leiier, addielTo-d to Fa- liih Achmed, the Imam ,s vizier, ;ii,i.,iUoi mg to him ibfir arrival. But liiat miiilemjii, having already hc.ird of ihcir near app oi' li, baa lent one of his principal lecrelanes to inn 1 .rem, ami biil iliem wel- Ciime. This deputy iiif)i:ii^i( them, mat they had been long e.xpetlcd at tlu eourt of Sana, .nid that the Imam l::id liired an elegant roinury houl'c for them, in the I'liburl) of Bir-clAlbib. Tlr..y learned that the vi/ier had likcwit'c a villa there. W'licn they arrived near this place, the fecre- tary ^ifkcd tin in im alight. They fuppoled upon this, that tliey were to be immediately introduced to the vjjii-r; but they only law their fecretary and their niuiriilinan fervaiils proceed on their alle>, while they were obliged to march on foot, a long wa>, before ihcy reached their lodging. This humiliating cere- jiinny was what they had not expetled to be fubjefcied tu among the Arabs, who value theinlelvcs upon their politencfs. In their villa they found very good rooms, but ihofe pcrlcilly naked and unfuinidied. 'Ihey were here as ill accommodated as the) had been in Yemen, and more fo than they could have been in a ca- ravanlcra, where they would .it hall have found food. Here tlicy were obliged tt) fall till ihey could have vitluals brought from the city. Befule their boufe, was an orchard, in which the trees appeared to have grown of themfclves, without receiving any culture. Next iiiorning the Imam lent iheni a prefent. C(m- (iftingof hvc (beep, with wood, rice, lights and (pi- ces. The bearer of this prefent had at the lame time orders to let them know, that the Imam was forry that he could not (ee them for thcfe two days yet, he bcinn at prcleni employed in paying oil' his mercenary iioo|)s. This delay they would have regarded with iiidiHerence, had ihey not been at the fame time en- uiiiird to keep within doors, till ihey ftiould obtain liu'ir lirll audience of his highiiefs. '1 hey could have viilhcd to make the moll of their (t.Ay here. Ihcy had however forgotten to warn our travellers, that the etiquette of this court likewife prohibited lliangcrs from receiving vifits from the inhabitants of the country till they (liould full appear there. They had an acqunintanee at Sana, a Jew, who had made the voyage from Cairo to I.oheia in their company. This |ew, aliiioiigh belonging to one of the richell and moil rel'|)edable families of his nation, had en- tered inro their fervice, for the couric of that voyage, cither that he might travel in tlie greater fccurity, or 10 fpare the cxpence. Accordingly, he no lomier lieard of tlieir arrival, than he came to pay ihcm a vifit, and, next day brougiit one of the greatell adro- i'lgers in his nation to (ce ihem. While thcfe men vt:e in their company, the I'ccrctary of Vi/ier Fakib Achmed happened to come in. The two |ews rofc before biai, in teRimony of refped. But the (ccre- tary, angry that they fhould have prefumed to violate the etiquette, drove them out of the houfe, and or- dered their fervants to admit no perfon to vifit the Europeans, till they fliould firfl have waited on his mailer. On the 19th of July, the fecretary of the vizier, Fakib Achmed, came to conduft them to an audi- ence of the Imam, in his palace of Buflan-el-Mct- wokkel. They had expetled that they fliould be introduced privately to an audience of this monarch. or at leall in prefence only of a few of his principal courtiers. They were furpiifed tl.eictorc to fee every thing prepared for an octafiou of gie.it ceremony. The court of the palace w.is fo full of horfs, officers, and others, that th-v ffiould fcarcely have made their way through the crowd, if ihe Naidb (;iieir Alia, who had bei n a flave. but was now mailer of the horfe, h.id tot come with a great (latt in his hand, to open a pafTage for them. The hall of audience was a fpacious fcpiarc chan>bcr havinganarched roof. In the middU was a large balon, wiili (bme jets d'eau, riling fourteen feci in height. Beh.ind the bafon, pnd near the throne, werij two largo benches, each a foot and an h.ilf high : lipon the throne was a fpacc covered with (ilken Huff, on uhith, as well as on both fides of 11, lay large culhi- ons. The Jniam fat between the cuffiions, with his legs eroded in the eaftern fd(hion; his gown was of a bright green colour, and had large flee\cs On each liile ol lis brtaft was a rich hlleting of gold lace, and on his head he wore a great white turban. His Cons fat on liis right hand, and his brothers on his b ft. Oppohte to them, upon the higlied of the two bench- cs, fat the vizier ; and our travi Hers place was on the lower bench. On the two fides of the hall, (at many of the principal men about court. They were firfl led up to the Imam, and were per- mitted to kifs both the back and the palm of his hand, as well as tl;e hem of his robe. It is an extraordinary favour, when the Maliometan princes peiniit any perfon to kifs the palm of the hand. 1 here was a Iblemn (ilcnce through the whole hnll. As each (jf us touched the Imam's band, a hei aid dill proclaimed, "(Jod pteli rve the Iinam!" .All who weie prefent repeated thofe words aloud after him. M. Niebuhr was ihiiiking at the time, how be fliould pay bis com- plii lenis 111 .Arabic, and was not a little diiliirbed by this noify ceremony; but he had afterwards time to rccolletl hiinlelf. As the language fpoken at tlie court of Sana, differs greatly from thai oirchaina, the only dialed of the Arabic tongue with which they were familiaily ac- quainted, or could ("peak tolerably, they had brought their fervant whom they had hired in Mokha, to be their interpreter. The vizier who had rcfided long in Tehama, did the fame fervice for ihc Imam. Tiieir converfation coi fequently, could not be either very long, or very inicrefling. I hey did not think proper to mention the tiue reafons of their expedi- tion through Arabia ; but told the Imam, that wiihing to travel by the diortefl way to the Danilh colonies iii the Ead-Indies, they had heard fo much of the plenty and fccurity which prevailed through the dominions of the Imam, that they had refolved to fee them with th.eir own eyes, that they might defcribe them to their countrymen. The Imam told them, they were wel- come into his dominions, and might Aay as long as they plcafed. After repeating the ceremony of killing the Imam's hands, and hearing the repeated accla- mations of the fpctlators, they now retired in the fame order in which they had come in. The Imam lent them, after their return hoine, each a fmall purfe containing nincty-ninc Komaflis, two and thirty of which make a crown. Thi.s piece of civility miglit perhaps appear no compliment 10 a traveller's delicacy. But, when it is confidered that ii dranger, unacquainted with the value of the mo- ney of the country, obliged to p»y every day for his I provifions, V 1^ i J' 'i! 1 1' h 'i ■ i'v iii iS-Mf.! ^ i I ; f 111 .1 ! .'1 h il' "^ ' 1 > I 768 NEW COLLECTIOiV of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. it provifions, is in dangor of being impofcd upon by liic niuncv-ilijiigcij, this euro of providing tlicin with fiuail iiioiity will appiar lo bavc been fiidicicnily obliging. They ilicrcforc accipicd ihc prcfent, al- tboii.;h tbcy bad r.-folvcd not 10 be in any degree chargeable to the Ar.i!).<. In Turkey n" pcrfon is admitted to an audience of the Sutlan, till after be ha'; vifued ilie vizier. The culloni in ^ ( men is dircdly contrary. After being lionoiind with an audience of the Imam in the morn- ing, ihcy were invited to wait on Takih Achmed in tlie alternoon, at his tounlry feat, near Bir-el-.Mfab. Tl'.ev were at the l.imc time delircd to bring with tbeni tViofe curioliiies which they had flicwn to Emir Tarliaii at Lolieia, and to feveial Arabs of diftinftion ill other cities. The vi/ior received ilicm with great politcnefs, and cxpieffed hinifeU li:^!ily pleal'ed with wiiat they (liewed liiiH. lie put various cpiedions to tliem, from which lie appeared to polfefs eonfiderablc knowledge, and to have ikidied the feiencs s with a (hgrec of care far from coirimon antong his countr) men. Hv means of Tuikilh, I'cilian, and Indian ii:ercliants, he had ac- quired ioler.il)ly corretl notions of geography. The ^\iahians imaiVJie that K'ampe lies louih Irom them, becaule ilu- 1- rinks whom they fee, come from India. I'lit tiie I'akih knew very well the (itualion of the tlilferent dates of I'.uropc, with llieir refpeflive pow- cis and forces, both by fea and land. Nor could more be cxpctlcJ from an .Arabian who had never fcen a map. In the narratives of many voyages, they had read, that in the K.ill an inferior ini';lit not appiar before a fupcrior, witlid'.ii bringing a prefein in his hand. I!e- fn!e<;, they were defirous of rcttiiiiing llie marks of politencis which h.id been flu'v n them, and ofe\j)ref- fing their gratitikle for the tn'.ettainuiei-.t they had received. For thefe reafons, they refulved lo take ibisoppor- tunitv of offeiing their prcfent lo the Imam and tl'.c Fakiii; they ft lit lo the taller lome pieces of inecha- nifm, fuch as watches, and fome oilier inllruments little knowti among the Arabs. They loon after learned, that this wa.s more th,iii had lieeii cxpcHed at their liand*, fince, not being nurc hants, they had no favour to alk. All had however been very gracioiidy ac- cepted. The Turks regard the prefents of the Kuro- pcans as a tribute; but at the court of Sana they a])pear to be conlidired in a diHereiu light. The vizier's countrv-hoiile was not large ; it was even entirely open upon or:e fide. A number of frnii trc-s grew in the garden. In the midft of it was ajetd'eaii, finiilar lu that which we had fetn in the Imam's hall of audience ; the w. iter was put in mo- lion, by bring railed in a rtfervoir by an afs and a man who led liim. This jet d'eau was no ornament, but it cooled the air; a thing very agreeable in hot countries. They law others of the fame fort in the gardens of all the principal inhabitants of Sana. The city of Sana, is lituaic at the foot of Mount Nikkuin, 011 which are dill to be fern the ruins of a cadic, wl ich the Arabs fup|)ofe lo l-.ave been built by Shem. Near this mountain Hands the calllej a ri- vulet runs upon the other (ide; and near it, i.s the 15udai)-el-Metwokkel a (paciinis garden, which was laid out by Imam Metwokkel, and h:.. hren cmbel- lillied with a (inc garden by the reigning Imam. Th: w.ills of the city, which are built great Simleras or caravanleras lor iiiei chants and irj. vcller.s. Each different cominoiliiy is fold in a fn,.. rate market. In the market for bread, none hm women arc to be fecn ; and their little (hops arc port. able. The fcveral clalTes of mechanics work in 1!,,.. fame manner, in p.ii tieular quaiiers in the open llic,> Writers go about with their delks, and iiijl.e out briefs, copy-books, and indrutl fcholars in the art of writing, all at the lame lime. There is one ni,nl;i'i where old clothes are taken in exchange for new, Wood for the car jienter's [luiiioles ij in gciuT,i extremely dear through all ^'enu'ii ; and woivl furth' lire at Sana is no lels lo. All the hills nei'r the (in- are bleak and bare, and wooil is iherehnc to h; broi^tu hiilier from the didance of three djjsjdur. ncyj and a camel's burlheii commonly tells nv ) crowns. This fcarcity of wood is parsii ularh (;!.,. plied bv ilie ufe of a little pitcoal. fruits art, foil. ever, very plenteous at Sana. In the calUe which dands on a hill, arc two pal.ico', Our heio law about it fornc ruins of. old biiililintj but, noiwiihdanding the anii<|uiiy of the place, no remarkable infcriptions. There is the inini, a:;da range of prifons for pr rfonsof dillercni ranks. The reigning Imam refides in the cit) ; but fcveral prinrji of the blood-royal live in the cadle. M. .Niibuhr was condiitled to a battery, as the mod elevated place al)out thefe buildings; and there hemciM;!!i what be had no expetlaiion of, a (Icrmaii niorur with this infcription, " Jorg Sflos Ci'fmick, i.-jij. Hj faw alfo, upon the lame battery, fcven iron c:iiiiuin% partly buried in the land, and partly fet upon biiiktii carriages. Thefe (even (mall cannons, with (ix other', near the gates, which are fired to announce the re- turn of the different fcdivals, arc all the atiillcrv of the capital of Yemen. The fuburb of IJir cl-.AfTab is nearly adjoininij to the city upon the cad fide, Tlic houfes ofiliisv:!- lage are fcaitcred throi.gh the gardens, alnn^ tK- bank of a (mall river. Two leagues northward Inmi Sana is a plain, named Rodda, which is overfprcj.l with gardens, and watered by a number of rivulcf!. This place bears a great refemhiance to the ;;'ii;h. bourhood of Damaicus. But Sana, which foroc ancient authors compare to Damaicus, dandiotij riling ground, with nothing like florid vcqeiaiion about it. After long rains, indeed, a finall rivulet, runs through the city; but all the grouad i< dry through the red of the year. However, b\ a(|ue- diitts from .Mount Nikkiim, the town and calllc of Sana, are, at all times, fupplied with abundance of excellent Irefli water. Jews arc not permitted to live in the city of Sans. They live by themfelvcs in a village, named Kiatl- Ihiid, (ituatc near Uircl-A(fal). Their niin:bct amounts to two ihoiifand Hut in ^'emen, tiny ar; treated even more coniemptuoudv than in Turkey. Yet, the bed ariifans in .Arabia arc Jews; efpciiilly potters and guldi'miihs, who come to the city, Knuuk in ilu il little (hops by tlay, and in the evening iriiic 10 iheirvillage. Thole |ews carry onaconfidcrahlcnjde The lianians in Sana, are rcckrinrd to be al-iiil 125, They pav 300 crowns a month lor pcrniillio:i to live ill ihr city: whereas the populous vilb;;i't!f Kaa-el-lliud pays only 125. crowns a-month. Tli-" heirs of a deceafcd Haniaii arc obliged to pay frnm luiiv AVELS. M. NIEBUHR'S TRAVELS through ARABIA. 769 The Arabian palacrs are lure ililfcicnt from oufi. r, Iniriil hricks, and low.c'. lit the huiil'cs of (he ro.n. ^•hich have i-ccn dried in no giaCs \viii(!()w<, i-xcq-t citadil. The tl-{[ ,,1 i|ic liiulows, nicicly linutcfs caiJKT, and (liiit when ii tl loiilcis lii^htcd in a roiiiNi of Miil'covy gl.i'l\. Sill.- jancs of llaincd giafs 1,,,.,, cr ritirs of the Eaft, ar« ■IMS Icir iiici chants and ti ,. ■.ninodiiy is I'olil iii a {]■',<. ikct lor bn-ad, none lim tlicir little Ihops are poll. !)!' incchanirs woik j„ ,1 ,, quailcr.s in the open Iticc. cir i!c(iss, and inat.e out iUuti fciiolars in tiicariof ic. There is oi-.c m,irl. The ie cit) ; hut fcveral |irin(j) the callle. M. Niebiihr ry, as the mod elev.ncd js ; and there he mci w\<.\\ on of, a (icrmaii niofUr, f Sfhs Ci'fmick, \'^\i. He ttery, (even iron c;innorn, md partly fei upon btokai II cannons, with fixoiher<, fired 10 announce the re- als, arc all the attiikryef Tab is nearly adjoinin.; to . Tlic houfes of this Mi- ) the j;ardens, alun:; \\ : ni leagues northvsaiil li^m tidda, which is oveili)r.j,l by a nuinher of in.iiLi'. efenihlancc to the r.-i^':. But Sana, whicii fom: to naiiial'ciis, OaiiJi (in ,1 iig like (lurid vtijci.iii:'^ », indeed, a finall rivulet It all the ground i< dry .•ar. However, h\ aijue- n, the town and c.idlc (f )plied with abundance of live in the city of S.mJ a viliatje, named V.::.->:\- -Alfal). Their nunba Hut in ^'emen, tli v ar* iptuuiidv than in liit-ey. ■abia arc |ews j efpeciaily > come to the tity, to vmk indin the cveninjjvriiieio rry on a confidcrahlc iMile re reckoned to be ;il-"it s a month for pcrnnllion as the populous vill:i;;i' ef 5, crowns a-nionth. Ili: 1 are obliged to pay from loiiy f,)riy to fifty crowns: and, if the defunQ leaves no near relations in Yemen, his whole property devolves 10 the Imam. The favourable reception our travellers met with J Sana, which was above their cxpeRations, mi.i^ht [lavc tempted ihcm to (lay longer. Many of the prin- cipal men about the Imam's court urged them to fpend another year in Yemen. But they had lod two of their companions, who could have availed them- fclves more than they of " :ontinned (lay in .Vrahia. Some indances, too, of the Imam's avarice, which had come to their knowledge, added to what they had experienced in ihofe cafes in which ihey had been embroiled with the Dolas, imprelled them with a de- gree of didruft, and made them fear that their prer.n: •ood iicatment might end in a very dilferent manner. They h'ld, befidcs, found the climate hurtful to their coiifti'U.'ions, ,ind their health was much injured by the changing temperature of the atmofpherc. They iherclore began to think ferioudy of failing for India will) tlie Lnglilb, that ihcy might favc their lives and papers. They had permiffion to leave Sana whenever they ftuuld think proper ; but it was required that they Ihoiild take a formal leave of the imam, and (hew linn the curioliiies which the vizier had feeii j a cir- cunidance which obliged them to defer their journey for foine days. They were font for to court on the 23d of July, and conducted into the fame hall in which the Imam had received them at their former audience. I'pon ihi% Iccond occafion, every tiling pa(red very cjuietly. liic Imam Cat on the lowell bench btlidc the throne, upon a chair wrought of recils. They ki(red the hem oi his robe, and both fides of his hand. Nobody was prcrcni hut the vlzici, the (ccrciary, by whom they had been conduCled into the prelence, and fix or fevcn Haves or fervants. None of their forvants were permuted to accompany them ; as the vi/ier thought thcin qualified to exprel's theiiirdves in the language of the country. AH that they (hewed the Imam fccined to pleafe him highly j and both he and his minillcr put many qiu'dniii.'i to ihcm concerning the inaniiors, traile, and learning of the Kiirnpeans. A finalichell ol medicines, which the Imam had receiv- ed Irom an tnglilliman, was then brought in. Mr. Cramer was alked to explain the virtue* of thole diiig^: and the Imam cauled what he faid, concern- ing their nature, to be taken down in writing. M. Niebiihi had been indifpol'td when he came out to wait Oil the Imam ; and, in conle(|uencc of Hand- ing lo lung, he felt himfelf fo weak, that he was obliged to 4(k pernii(rion to retire. Before the door he funiul I'ome of the tird officers in the court, .fitting on pdes of Hones along the wall. i lie great chamberlain, Ohcir Allah, with whom ho had often had occafinn to fpeak, immediately made hiin an olFer ol his feat, and gathered dones to make hinilclf another. In this company he was again addieded with a number of qucdums cojicerning the iiiannerifliul culloms of Europe. Thole Arabs (Irong- ly difapprovcd of their pradicc of drinking fpirituous liquors. But when our hero an'ured them that the Chiidiani were forbidden to indulge in drunkennefs, and that no ieiifible European drank more wine than uas good for his health, tliey allowed the culloni to be raiional. They even acknowledged that it was abfurdio abdain entirely from the life of a liquor of which they hud fuch abundance, and which, on many ueca(ion<, iiiigl;t prove falutnry as a remedy. iVI. Niebiihr reiurned into the hall ; and, after Mr. Cramer had finilhcd his account of the drugs, and they hadanfwcrcd various other quedions, they took their leave with the fame ceremonies which they had obfervcd at entering. In the alicrnuon, they went to lake leave of vizier 1 akih .\climcd, and (omc cither pci'.ons ofdidiiiclion. 1 hey had, indeed, good rcafons lo induce them to rcinrn to Mokha, by the \Amt way by which they had cuine. It i» bcuer frc4uciitcii j itnd upon ii M. Nic- buhr would have had an opportunity of cop\ing the infcriptions of which the Arabs had fpoken to him: but he had been fo often deceived already by (lories of pretended antiquities, that to the uncertain hopes which thofe infcriptions held out to him, he preferred the certain advantage of furveying another part of Yemen, and of feeing the Tehama 111 the rainy fea- fon. Our travelleri acquainted the vizier, therefore, that they widicd to travel by Mof hak to Beit-el-Fa- kih. Me not only approved of ihtir intention, but told them, that the Imam would (upply them with camels and ad'es for their journey. On the 25th of July, the Imam fent each of them a complete luit of clothes, with a letter to the Dola of Mokha to pay them two hundred crowns as a fare- well prefent. "^I'hey were at firll afraid that this prince might fuppofe them to have come like the Turk-s to draw money from him, or that they had made their prefents with intcreded views. But, after redetliiig that they had been obliged to ranfom themrelves, in a manner, at Mokha, they rclolved to accept that letter of credit. When they afterwards prefentcd it to the Dola, he fent them to receive the money from his Saraf, or banker, who paid thcin by indalmeals, but never without an air of dilfatisfaUion. They could hardly think the vizier fcrious in his olfer, when he told them that the Imarn would fur- nidt them with beads of burthen. They were even afraid that this miglit he a i'chcme to delay their jour- ney, and would rather have iiired camels at their own cxpence. They thereupon came 10 an explanation with the fecretary, whole nnlwers led them to fufpeft an intercded iinderdanding between him and the Arabian camel-hirer, or poll-mader. They therefore ventured toaddrefs the vi/ieragain. He (hewed furpril'e at their perplexity ; becaiile he had delivered to the fecretary a written order, (igned by the Imam's own hand, in which he was direfled to furni(h them with camels and udes for their whole journey, and with a (hcep for their provifions. The fecretary, on accpunt of their impatience to depart, had not had time to bargain for a (liare of the profits with the camel-di ivcrs, and was obliged to deliver up the written order, with fimic pieces of du(f which the Imam had fent them for clothes for their fervants. He gave them alfo notice, that (bme other prefents were intended ihcm, which could not be ready till after a certain number of hours. They let out without them, and the fecretary probably kept them to himfelf. The drefs which M. Nicbuhr received from the Imam was exaHly like that worn by the Arabs of dil- tiniflion through Yemen. They wear the (hitt over wide drawers of cotton-cloth. I'he |ambea, a fort of crooked cuilals, hangs by a broad girdle; and a veil with draiglit (leeves is covered by a (lowing gown. The Arabs are drangers lo the ule of itockings. The only ihing they wear on iheir feet is a fort of half- boots, or flippers. The Turks appear to abufc the generous holpitality with which the Imam treats (tran- ger-s travelling through his dominions. Poor pilgrims of that nation oficn come from Jidda, are entertained for months at Sana, and then alk money to defray the expcnces of their journey home. The Imam even orders a fum of money lo be paid them in fome of his fea-port towns, that ihey may return no more to be furiher chargeable to fii hol'pitable a people. On the 26th of July, the day of their departure from Sana, they made a (hort dage along a bad road among bare hills, with few villages interfperfed over them. Next day, the road was ilill worfe, lying over rocky mountains. This was the mod rugged road they ever faw in all Yemen. The hill* were bleak and wild, and the deep valliei among them contained only a few wretched hamlets. On iho a8th of July, they proceeded down deep declivities ; but the hills began now to difplay a fmall diarc of verdure; and llicy here niet with fcveral camels, loaded with very bad wood, for Sana. The towns wcie poor and thinly fcattered. In ihe even* iiig, they were attacked by legions of locuftsj but 9 I thefe n 1 1, 1 '■ : ;'i ' '., ■■i!i, 1 II ^4 m'^m V ^m f. '-' '^ 1 !' ■ i ff iii m J, -IS 1*.'.'' J-; / r NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ilicfi- were looii tliivcn away by a violent ftonn of wind, accompanied by heavy rain. 'I'licy iiavcllcd tbis d.iy »)nward to Mofhak, a fm.ill town litnate on the lunimit of a prccipitcuis bill. The hollies in wliicb travellers lodge, (land at the foot of the hill. Tlioy prefenied the Iinam's written order to the Oola of this citv, who accordingly (iir- nilhed them with camels, provender, a good meal lor their IcrvantH, a fhcriJ for their own fiipper, and even paid for their lodiinj;, The revenue of Mof- h ik, and the territory annexed to it, is enjoyed by one of I lie Imam •; Ions. Their next day's journey was upon a flill more dif- agrccable road. Noihini; can be worle than the roads between Mofhak and Sclian. I'pon the hill they found (ix larqc refetvoirs, in which rain-water is col- letlcd. It becomes piiirid, af'cr {laiidiii)5 for Ionic time, and is then ver\ dilaiireeable. In this country ihe Arabs believe they have moll to fear from the worm in the nerves. If it be fo, the caiilc mull lay in their drinkinj; tiiat jnitiid water. Leaving Sehan on the ,?otli of July, they continued their journey upon fomewhat better roads which winded round the hills. I'pon Ilarras, oneofthofe hills, they came to a defile fo narrow that a fingle camel could hardly pal's, fin cither fide arc deep rocks; and rain, which had fallen on the prccedin;; day, had broken a Rap eight feet deep, precifcly in the narrowell part of this road, and made it abfolutely impallable. There was no other palTaKe, and all their Arabs were of opinion thai thcv (hould return llraight to Sana, and take the road by Taecs ; but they were uiiwilliiii; to turn fo far about, and therefore refolved to lill up ilie gap with (tones, 'I'heir Arabs laughed to hear them piopoie an undertaking which they fup- poied would :^ivc them work fi)r fevcral days. Hut they began to gather Hones, and by promifes prevailed witii them to allill them. '1 iiree hours of hard work completed their caulewav, and they palled fafe over. 'I'lie Arabs maintained, liiai, in fiicb a cafe, the iirit Dola of Yemen would raih< r have retiiined to Sana, than have undertaken what they had accomplilhed. Tbis gave no favourable impreirion of the Ipirit or indiiflry of the nation. On their w.iy tl'.ey met with a wanderinf; family, the firll of this charaClcr they faw in '^'eincn. They had no tents, but lived under trees with their alfes, fiiecp, dogs, and fowls. Their mode of life is per- fctil) likethat of our lUiropean gypfics. They are con- fined in no place, but go about the villages begging and flcaling; and the poor peafants often give them fomeihing v.iliintarily, to remove them from their neiglibourhood. A young girl of this company came tu alk alms from them : her fare was uncovered. At a fmall didance from the dangerous pals above- mentioned, they f.iw the firll plantation of coffee trees. They bad loen none of thefc lince their ex- curfions in the month of .May; but this priKluHion docs not appear to enrich iliofe by whom it is here cultivated. The vilhujcs in tiic coffee country arc declining into a flaic of wretched poverty : the houfes confill of drv walls, covered with reeds, and rcfenible thole of the hilU about Heit-cl-1'akih and Dfobla. The river Selian was lo I'wJilii that they bad dilliculty in pafling it with their alles. 1 bey (pent the night at Sanifur, a poor village. In the morning, ihev found thcmfelves obliged to pals, more than a dozen lini'-s in the fpace of a mile, over the river Si ban, wlii.b runs with a mean- dering coiirfc, among rocks, and with a very lapid current. 'I'liis countrv being very poor, the roads are not exceedingly lale, and they were therefore obliged to travel flowly, wiihoiit going before their baggage. They law here many flirubs of the fpecies which affords ilic ballain of Mecca; but the inhabi- tants of the country know not their value, and there- fore ne,;letl trt cullivalc them. In the colfee-houli- of Til they met with feveral pilgrims retiiiiiing Iroin Mecca. Fioni this inn the country improves. It u covered with verdure: in the valley arc a number of rivulets which dilehjij fhemfelves into the river Sehan ; and a great inai^ villa^iesarc Icattcred over the hills. They law a rivulet whicii lol'es iifclf under grtiimj and appears again at a conliderabic didance. Afi..' leaving the hills, it difappears entirely, and its Wiiic,', are difperfed over the plains of the rcliania. T|, , arable grounds among thcfe hills arc (own only (,j||| flnrra, a (ort of coarfe niHleJ;, of which the ponrd. people make their bread. The peafants cut out leu. in the trees, and (it in thcfe to watch their (ieMs. '1 lie rocks on the confines of the Tehama are hifaj. tic, like ihofc of the coflee-coiintry near l5iel-el-F,i|;i|, They came to .Tiiolher tiviilet wliicb lofes iilVlj j;, the lands of the Tehama. At lafl they readied ti,. plain, and arriveil at ljeit-el-l"akili in the evcnin- (,| the firll of Augiid. '' The greater part of this city li.iving been hiiriu down in the month of April bill, they liad expifivd to find it defolate. They were, therefore, grcaily furprifcd to fee all the hoiil'es, or railu-r huts, riliiiii- Several edifices of (lone, litler to re(i(l the force of fire, had likewifc been raifed. They fent notice to the Dola of their arrival, an-i defired him to have camels in readineis, on wlj-i, they might continue their journey. Their Arnhi,,!, fervants would have tlemandcd provifions from him that they might ii;ake merry, and (hew the people in what an honourable manner they were received. Having fet out from I5eit-el-l'"akih on the evening of the i.A of .Xugtifl, they met with two men, on thci^ wav lo /.ebid, who were leading nlfes loaded chicljv with (ilver, whicli har| In-en received by the nicr. chants from I'.4> pt, (or coH'ce, and which they were fending to Moklia, to purchaie India goods. TI-.h mode of carrying money abiuit, was a proof that m this province there were no fears from robbers. On the nd of .\ugull, the Dola of /.(hid wai obliged to furnifh our travellers with provilioiis ami camels. They had expetled to find the river /cbid confiderably I'wolii; but, near the city, its rliaiiiid was entirely dry; the waters having been turned olf to overflow a great extent of the adjacent fields which were Currounded by dykes. It fhould feeiii that il;i> waters are not fiiflered to rim in the channel of ihe tiver, till after they have been plcnlifullv dillribiiidt over the country. The peafants conflriict iht:r dykes in a very fimple manner. After plowing up ,i field, they yoke a plank of wood to two oxen. Lad thcfe over tiie field, till the plank is loaded wiilieani' einpty it upon the line where tlie dyke is to be drawr, and repeat tbis till it is formed. They Hopped to uit for a few hours at Maidcliiil, and on the rnorningof the 5tb of Augufl arrived at Mokha. Tbey had been extremely earned to return to tlm city, led the Knghfli Ihip in which we intended to|j:l for India, might be gone before our arrival. ISui, feveral circumltances happened to detain that velKl lome time longer at Mokha ; and tbey foon felt th't tlicy had travelled too hadily in that (iiltrv climiiii-. M. Niebuhr fell ill on the 8th of Aiigud; Mr. Haii- renfeind was confined to his bed, wiiliin a few dav ;ifier; and in a Ihort time, .Mr. Cramer likewile, a;i(l all their Kuropean fervants. They fortunately foiiml their friend Nlr. Scott dill here, who kindly fiipplicil them with Kuropean refrefliinents, which did ilirm more fcrvice than they could have received froniili: life of the bed medicines, lint all his friendly tatti could not remove the lurking didcmpcr wl.ich I'.Kiii afterwards broke out with renewed violenc, ai.d de- prived our heroofaU ins lemaining fellow travellers. The city of .Mokiia (lands in a very dry and hairoii (ituaiion; its fortifications arc the walls which I'ur- round it, fome lowers on the way lo Mufa, which arc dignihed with the name of cadlcs, and two other c«f- ties of the lame lort, upon the two arms of the har- bour. Tlie greatell of thele two cadlcs is called Kalla Tejar, and the Itnallell Kalla Abdurrah, from the name of two faints, buried in thcic two places. They are provided with fuinc few piccci avi:ls. f rivulets whirl) did li,iij,j Sehan ; and a great ii,a„y lie liills. ' toll's iifeir tinder ground (idrralilc (lidaiicc. ./\fi,.r ars entirely, and its \v;.|(.,, ins of tin; Tcliama. T|,(, -■ lulls .lie ('own only ,,j||, 'jifi, of which the p,),n„ The pcalants cut dm |,.,||^ L- til watch their (ields. s oCihe Tehama are hifji. tiimtry near liiel-el-K.ikii, 'iilet which lofes iilcli' j.,' At laft they reached tli^ :1-Fakili in the evenino oi 1 citv h.ivins hcen burnt il lall, they had exptticil were, thcrd'ore, ^;reailv :\ or raihrr hilts, rdimi;, tier tu relill the force of "d. )ola of their arrival, .mi Is in rcadinels, on uliM, joiirnf y. Their Arahi,,,, idcd provifions from bin; .', and (hew the people in' ■ they were received. t-tl-l*',ikih on the evening let with two men, on their ading nifcs loaded chiefly n received by the nicr. fee, and wliith ilicy were hale India goods. Tl,n h(4>'<^'^''<»*<*>^'<^*^'^"*>'*^4*'<>'4>'<*><^<>°<^4>'4>''<><>''^<^ CHAP. VI. I'beir Dcpr.rture from Mokba — S/ivif^bt of DiiM-Miimlrl — Dt-alb c/Mt. Bauk km k find — (J f their Servant — Thev J'le Serpfitli — /., in the citv and its envi- rons. Still, however, inaiiy F.uropeans die fuddenlv here; but they are new-comers, who diorten their days by a mode of life unl'uitablo to the climate ; eat- ing great quantities of beef and pork, which the Indian Icgidator bad wifely forbidden, and drinking copioully of the llrong wines of Portugal in the hot- ted fi;afon. They likcwilc pcrfifl obllinately in wear- ing the European drcfs, which bv its ligatures impedes the (ree circulation of the blood, and by confining the limbs, renders the beat more intolerable. The Orientals again live to a great age, and arc little I'ub- je( I to dileafes, bccaule they keep the body at cafe in wide (lowing robes, abdain from animal food and drong liquors, and cat their principal ineal in the evening after funfet. rhe city of Bombay, fitiiate in the northern part of the idand, is a (piarter of a (ierinan mile in length, but narrow. It is defended by an iiidifTcrent citadel towards the fea, and at the middle of the city- On the land fide, its fortifications are very good. During the war the Ead-India-Company expended no Id's than ooo.oco French livres a year, in the eondruclion of new works for its defence; and, although thcfc works are no longer t jrriedon with the lame atlivity, vet the fortifications of Bombay arc dill continued, io that it mud be in a (hort lime the mod confidcr- ablc fortrels in India. Belide the town, there arc in the idand fome (mall forts fullicient toprotctl it from any irruption of the Indians. In this city are feveral handfome buildings ; among which arc the Uircftor's palace, and a large and ele- gant church near it. The houfcs are not (lat roofed licre, as through the red of tbe Ead, but arc covered with tiles in the European fafhion. The Englidi have glals windows. The other inhabitants of the idand have their windows of (mall pieces of tranfparcnt (hells framed in wood, which renders tbe apartments very dark. In the Ead it is ilio fafhion to live daring the dry Icafon in chambers open on one fide. 1 he houfes of Bombay are in general neither fplcndid nor commodious in any great degree. The harbour is fpacious, and fheltercd from all winds. A valuable work, which has been condnieled at the Company's cxpence, is two bal'ons bew.i out in the rock, in which two diips may be at once careened. A third is now preparing. This work, which has been very cxpenfivc, likcwifc brings in a conlidciable annual I return. \ ¥A Ill's M: m w 1 772 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. 'fn ■ «.j Hi if^' 1 lliiiii lia ml 1 return. Strangers pay very dear for liberiy to careen in thcfc bafons. The toleriiiion which ihc Fnglilh grant to all rcli* sions has rendered this idand very populous. During thcfe hundred years, for which it hai b«'cn in the poflenion of the Company, the number of its inabi- tants has greatly incrcafed. Of thcfe the Europeans arc naturally the Icaft numerous clafs j and this the rather as they do not marry, and their numbers con- fcquenily do not multiply. The other InhKbitants are Portugucfc, or Indian Catholics; Hindoos, the original polfellbrs of the country ; Perfians from Kerman; Mahometans of different fe£ls ; and in the jail place fome Oriental Chriftians. The En^lifli have a handfome church at Bombay, but only one Enj^lifh clergyman lo perform the fcr- viccs of religion in it ; and, if he fhould die, the congregation would be uhloliiiciy deprived of a paf- jor; for the Company have no cha|)lains in ilicir fliips, and entertain no clergy in their iettlementi on the coaft. Wherefore, when a child is to be baptized, which is not often, as the Knglilh rarely marry in India, a Daiiilh miinonary is lent fur, to adiuinider •the facrament of bapiifm. ■J'he Catholics, a I'canty remainder of the Portu- guefe, and a gicat number of Indians, their converts, ;\rc much more numerovis than the Protidants. They have abundance of priefts, as well Europeans as In- dians, whc attend their (ludies at C.oa. To fupci in- tend tliis iierd, the I'ope named fome years ago a bilhop of iJombay, but the governor t>f the illand lent him away, declarnig that they needed not Catholic pricds of fo high a rank. The Catholic chuichesare decent buildings, and are luinpiuoufly ornamented within. The jews had once a college and a church in the middle of this ifland. Tlicir college is at pre- fent the couiitry-houlc of the Englilli goveriiour. And the old church has been converted into a fuitc of affembly-rooms. All religioii.s arc here indulged in the free cxcrcife of their public worlhip, not only in their churches, but openly, in feOivals and proceinons, and nunc takes uffenc.' at another. Vet governincnt allows not the Catholic priells to give a loofe to their zeal fur making prolelytes. When any iKrfon clioulics lo become a Catholic, the reafons iniili be laid before government, and if they are judged valid, he is then allowed to profefs his coiivcrlion, 'ITie pried* com- plain of the difliculiy of obtaining this pcrmiflioti. They, however, have confiderable fucccfa in con- verfioii among the (laves, who, being (Iiuck with the pomp of the Koinilh woifliip, and pioud of weaiing liie image of a laint upon their brealis, choofe rather lo frequent the Catholic cliurclics than any others, and perfuade their countrymen, as they fucccflively arrive, to follow ihcir example. h\. Nicbuhr had purchafed a young Catholic negro at liombay, who was alio born of ChriUian parents, and intended lu bring him with him into Europe; but, fearing after- wards that the .Muliiilmans in Perfia and 't'urkcy might give him tiouble, and pretend that he wat car- rying away a Mahoinetati boy in order to make him a Cliridian, be gave him away before his departure From India. The Ei^iifli Eall- India-Company govern their fettlemcnts in a mode of adniiniUration dift'erent from that of ihc Porluguefe and Uutch. Thele lail nations iiuruH the difpolal of all places to the power of a fingle governor; the Portugucfe to the viceroy of Goa; the Dutch, to the governor-general ofButavia. The coiiquilU of the Englilh are, on the contrary, all divided into four independent governments, each of whicli receives its orders iunnediaicly from the Court of Diretlors at London. 'i"hc (eats of thele four governments are, liombay for the coail of Ma- labar, Madras for the Coromandel coad, Calcutta for Uengal, and Bencoolcn for the idand of Su- matra. Although independent of each other, tJie fevcral EngliQi govcrtiuii arc however obliged to lend one another mutual aid in extraordinary exigencies. On a late occofton, new* being received at Bombav of an infnrredion, the council of Bombay, witho,.( waiting for orders from the Court of Direflnrs i^ London, fent troops and artillery to Calcutta. Tlicfe different citablifhments are all governed in the lanK manner. All proceffes between fubjefls of the Com. pany are determined by the law of England. The council or regency of Bombay confift of j governor, with the title of prefidcnt, and twelve counfellors, who are all merchants, except the cntn. mander of the troops, who held lately the rank of major. The Company have of late made fume changes upon this arrangement. The prefident muli be a military man ; the commander of the troops i< , brigadier, and has a voire in the council ; and ilic direflor of the naval alfairs has a place anionj; ih. twelve counfcllors who were formerly all nicrcliants. The other fervants of the Company are fattorsai,! writers of different ranks. Thci'e rife from lowcrtu higher places in the order of fenioriiy, — even to d;. very fird offices, that of prefident only exrcpterf; v,, is nominated by the Court of Dircttors in Icird.,, The fervants of the Company arc fomeiimes triiilcr. red from one department to antuher. The prefident of the council of Bombay is oblncil to refide in the idand; as arc alfo thole counfrHiirs who hold the <»Hices of ire.ilnrcr and inl'pctlor ol the Company's ftores. 'i'hc other countellon are Icm out to manage the roncerns of the Company'); irafif in the eliablilhnicnis dependent on the govcriiirtni of Bombay. In M. Niebtihr's time, the dircHorsot the trade at Sural, Tellichrrry, Anjeii>;o, ami Halu, were members of the council. In three o( thdt plac<-s, the Company have forts in which they keepiip garrilbns of lufhcicni (liengih. Since lie ltd ilai country, the Engldli have conquered Baradkh, ^ great town, north from Sural, which was liibjettioi Nabob of its own, and was formerly the lea! i| t Hutch fatlory. A counfellor from Bumba) imv. re- fides as dirctfor in this city. FaAors arc fent to the inferior fettlemcnts; fuch a% in the province of Scindi, the great city ol I aita, the feat of ihc (bvereign of the country; Lzr Uiin. der ; and Schah Bunder. The Company have like- wife fattors at .\bu Scha,-hr, Cambay, Onor, Culicut, and even in tlie fort of ViHoria. I'his fort iladnioii a great river, which holds its courfe through the in- terior country, even to as great diflance as Puna, the feat of the chief of the Mahrattas. The En^lilh ac- quired this place, with fome adjacent villa(;ei, hoMi the Mahrattas, in exchange for Ceri, a furtrels once belonging to the famous Angria, of which they had taken poireflion. The Company expefltd, that, hy means of this river, they might extend ilifir trade through the countr) >!' the Mahrattas. Thisprnjecl having, however failed, they avail themfclve.s of ihc fort, and purchal'e butcher's. meat from the Maliomc tans in the neighbourhood, as the Hindoos about Bombay will not fell their cattle for duughier. It is for the benefit of the Company "" ' i"i »^ fervants fuccefEvely to different places, bdore ilicy are advanced to the firll cmphiyments. Factors iluis gain a knowledge of the affairs of all the ditf-rent fettlemcnts fulijeci to the government of which iSry are afterwards to l)c counfcllors. The Comp.: , however, allow but very moderate falaiies to s fatiors and dircHors. But they arc permitted » trade on their own iiccount in India only from f)ek- goa near the Cape of Good Hope, to ('hiiia, and norihward, as far as Jidda and Bafra. By means ot this cxienfivc trade chiefly, do the dircflors acquire that wealth which is the affonifhmeni and envy of their countrymen in Europe. Thefc advantages loi the acquifition of wealth in trade, are reCcrved I'orihf Englilh exclufively. The Company admit (frangcis into none but the military department of their ler- vice, and in it they muff enter the lowed rank; but advancement is pretty rimid: for their nidde of hd: cuts of] iheofiicers very fait. lAVELS. sordinary exigencies. On g received at Bombay of ticil of Bombay, wiiho,.( (he Court of DircQors m nillcry to Cilcmta. Thcfe : all governed in the lame ween fubjefls of the Com. : law of England, y of Bombay confift of j of prcfidcnt, and twfUc trchanis, except the cntn. o held lately the rank of have of late made fuiiic nent. The prefidcnt mult nmander of the troops is , c in the council ; ai\(l ihc lirs has a place anion;; i]]. re formerly ail nicrdianti. Company arc fadorsjij Thcic rife from lower lu of Ceniority, — even lo i|;^. fidciit onlv cxr<"ptf(i j y;,^ of Directors iii I on! ,, ny arc fometimcs irjri let. 3 another, incil of Bombay is oblnc.j arc alfo thole counfollurs nliirer and inlpcdior of il,: nhcr coutil'ellors aie U:nt IS i)f the Company's iracie tdciit on tlic govcriitroiii ihr's time, tl>e dirc-Horsol my, Anjcnijo, ajul Halu, mcil. In tlireo of thcl. oris in wliifh they kefpiip tgih. Since he kit ihji ; conquered Baradkh. a rai, wliitli was litbjci ! i.i i 'as liirnicrly the Icai i| j llor from Bumbav nov. ri-- inferior fctflcmcnts; fuch di, the great ciiv oi litu, f liie coutitry; Lajr liun- The Company have like. , Cambay, Onor, Calicui, toria. This fprt lladnsoii iti courfe through the in- jreat diOance at I'una, ihe hrattai. The En^iilh ac- ic adjacent villages, from ; for Gcri, a fortrcfj oner ngria, of which they iiad upany expefltd, thai, by night extend ilifir trade Mahrattat. Thisprnjeii :>y avail thcmfclve.s of the s-mcai from the Miiliomc I, as ttic Hindoos abom rattle for flinghttr. he (ompany n^ I i.d is ercnt places. More ihcy ploymcntd. Fattorsilics ffairs of all the ditfrent svernment of which ^'icy ifellors. The Comp; , moderate falaiies to s It they arc pcriniiifd n in India only from DcK- od Hope, to (3hiiia, and and Bafra. By means of , do the dircflors aciiiiirc Honifiimeni and envy "f c. Thefc advantajjes loi irade, arc rclcrvcd tor ilir Company admit (Irangcis department of their ler. Iter the lowed rank; but d: for their m6de of lib: '>». hi In m W^ )^\ '•i'),i': hi .^'M V y. ^ \ c ir-; £ > ** U" J'S • f 5. fl § ' I; >*(i 'f I 1 m it?*^ ->,.» "mi- mt i ills I m HI ^/A yy-a/ rr//p,VOKTh OV K'S . i^vf C OLLEC TION rf VOVAGES yTRAVELS. //,^// fr/urr >/,///■//■/■////////),/• ////i/lXOR A f.i /rf'/:i///////,;///f //ir EAST INDIES . f/ii • /i/i'f\\}\\"S\\,i'r)^\\\'S\\,iith'//iir'^Mtiin t'/ytt-/ <>/ 'Ai/(yfftf.>tfi/i'f/t/ft>*i _ . ^ //v/^/ .' /WA/. A ,/<(, .tt-,'n'jjence in fome meafure madcrs of the fubfidcncc ol liiis fettlcmcnt. The marine force of the Mah- r.iitas is not formidable; but they can bring 80,000 cavalry into the field. This rcfiduc of the old In- dians, retired amotii^ the hills, dill retain power which renders them formidable to the Moguls. I he great Aurengzebe, to keep peace with ihc Mahrattas, grained iheni a fourth of the cudom» paid by feveral provinces; a reveiuie which they have found means to enlarge lince the r;fe of the lall troubles in Indof- tan. They ventured to attack the Englifh in a lime ciF peace, and in 1765 look a man of war pertaining to thai nation. The Company, indead of revenging this inluli, thought it more prudent to letilo the affair amicably. The fovcreign of the Mahraltas, who is a liramin, as arc alfo bis principal odicers, rcfidcs at Puna, a great town in the interior countrv. He farms out his provinces to the Uramins, who again employ uiidcrfarmers of their own cad. According 10 accoimts, the government of this nation is good, although arbitrary. Judiic is impartially admini- ilercd; agriculture and manufaflures dourifh; and the conniry is very populous. The Mahrattas, al- thou;;h they thus praUilc judicc among thcmfclves, are, however guiliy of great barbarities in th.-ir fre- iincni iiicuilions into the neighboiirini; provinces tuidcr the government of Mahometans, Tlify pillage and lay wjile all before ihcm in the mod crilel man- ner, .Ml the Knglilh (hips fur India fail to one of the four principal fcttlcmcnts. Thole which fail for Bombay arc commonly five month* in their pad'.ige. In one inl'ancc, the voyage is known to have been IHTlorincd in threo months and cii;hieen days. Few of iliofe diips, of which there airive coninumU four \n the year, return to Europe iinmediaiely alicr ilif- charging their cargoes. They, for the :i;od [ :rt, make fird fome voyage lo a dillei tit letlli itieiii, ,is far ofirii as China, by which thi', g.isn coniiilci.ible frei^hts, when the governor lavoui.s ilicm fo far as ti) grant ihcm his permiflion. Eachofiiicfc fliips tiled fnrmrilyto lake out .jii.ooo crowns ; but, lincc he Company have actjiiiied Inch uii (xtnit of territory in India, tliey have no iitttdity to leid ready money 8",. J, u from London to their fettleinenis. The principal article with which the Ihips from India arc freightcdt is cloth of all forts, which is fold modly at Bafra, and in Perfia. The others are cochineal, iron, guns, arms, copper, ivory, &c. The crew of thefe fliips carry out likewife, each man a parcel of goods on his own account. A great part of the cargoes of thefe (hips is publicly fold, foon after they are unladen. The Inciian merchants gather in to the fale; and the goods are dilpofcd of by au£lion, to the highed bid- der. The remainder are carried to the dependent fettlements. The (hips return to Europe, laden with pepper from Malabar, faltpetre from Scindi, and duffs from Surat. The crews carry home parcels of perfumes, gums, and Ipiceries of different forts, the produce of India. The fmall iflc Elephanta, fituate near Bombay, belongs to the Mahrattas, and is inhabited by an hundred poor Indian families. Its proper name is Gali Pouri. The Europeans call it Elephanta, from the ftatue of an elephant formed of black done, which (lands in this ifland, in the open plain, near the diore. This idand being of fmall importance, the Mahrattas take no care of it ; and the Englidi are at liberty to vifit it without padports, which are requifite, when they go to the i(le of Sallct. The Indian temple here is an hundred and twenty feet long, and the fame in breadth, without including the meafurement of the chapels and the adjacent chambers. Its height within is nearly fifteen feet, although the floor has been greatly railed by the ac- cefTion of dud, and of the fedimentofthe water which falls into it in the rainy fcafon. The whole of thi."; vaft druiHure, fituate in a hill of confidcrable height, is cut out in the folid rock. The pillars fupportiiig the roof are alfo parts of the rock which have been left danding by the architcft. They are of an un- common order; but have an agreeable enough ed'efl. The walls of this temple are ornamented with figures in bas-relief, fo prominent, that they arc joined to the rock only by the back. Many of thefe figures arc of a colofral fizc ; being fome ten, fome twelve, and fome even fourteen feet high. Neither in defign, nor in execution, indeed, can thele bas-reliefs be compared with the works of the Grecian fculptors ; but they arc greatly fuperior in elegance to the re- mains of the ancient Egyptian fculpture. They are alfo liner than the bas-reliefs from the ruins of Perfe- polis. No doubt, then, but the arts were cultivated by the ancient Indians with better fuccefs than is commonly fuppofed. Pr ous. The Kuropcani ulation of the ciiy at a lakiilaiion M. Nicbuhr wo thirds. t is, that here is no hof- an cxieiilive ellaliliflj- k or inaimcd aniinalit. t an old horfc, or any fliasufclefa, the Indian* f it, and place it in iliic 1 decrepid cows, lluip, M. Niebuhr law in ii lind and hclplcfs, and, f age. The chaiitablc irpofc for liiefc aiiiinaU. e not without gardens, L-r of Europeans, or of lined of ihoi'e bclonfiin;; )f the Ouich tall-Indij- and charming. Pan Indian garden, mm li was formed by a l^ii' Nabob, HiMrr/'ii/jf l>HNnhJh\- fM>rffri^. yiflU/>rH'»fttKcH\ m m » 111 ii m it* I m «% ■^ ■':■. ■' - ■■p: ^ » iw mi mh^MSmm i I^K rAKfluMflBfll ■ • III t M. NIEBUHK'S TRAVELS r ii r o u g it ARABIA. 77-) K'abob, »i •'le expcnrc of 500,000 rupees. This jiirdcn wa.i of crtunatc great in defpotic countries regard all ah.Hit ilicm ; lo that they arc never free from anxiety, and are obliged to ftantl continually on their guard a,^,iiiill Ciirprile. ' I'lic principal inhabitants of Sirraf are Mahometans, and ni IHy ill angers, although employed in the fcr- vici (il the government. They are equally zealous in the obfervance of their law as the Turks and Ara- lii.ms. Although of the fetl of the Sunniics, tiny lolcraic the Shiiies, and even permit them to celebrate till r ilivat of HafTein. They make 110 ftruple of diinkii.g wine publicly, or of lending money upon iiaicll. Ail pfi.plcof diftinflion in Sural, and through the till 1)1 India, fpoak and write the Pcrfian language, jlcii' e has this language been received at the courts, and ilio knl\i ; a favour requefted of him by the Nabob of the til), in order to give the people timely warning of the approach of the fellival. In this proccllion iheYc was nothing remarkable, except the numbers of kakkris, palanquins, and liorlov a few cannons, a great deal of martial inulic, and tin Nabob's loldiers. 'I'he governor rode upon 11:1 ikphant, on the back of which he fat on a fort of throMf, railed upon four pillars. 'I'his elephant was, liLe moll of the borfes and oxen which drew the kak- kiis, painted red. " Kakkris, the carriages moft common through India, are of a very limple conftrutlion, run upi n tv,) wliccis, and are drawn by oxen : the driver fits on a large pole, confining of feveral hanilioos. It is lint in any oriuiinents about thcle vehicles, but in the c.mie wliicli draw them, that the objctl of pride and espiMice 10 the Indian lies: a pair of white oxen lor oneufihefe carriages will coll 600 rupees. Thele o\en have the points of their horns oriiaminlcd with hlvirj their pace is quick, but lefs fo than that t)f h'nies, I hr citizens of Sural dilplay tlieir magnificence hke^il'c in their palanquins. This is a fort of couch ful'pendcd from a bamboo, and borne by fiiur men. 'I'he traveller reclines in this vehicle, and is fbaded from the fiin by a curtain. A palamjuin completely ornamented with filvcr, covered with rich (hilfs, and lufpended upon ;. handfomc bamboo, properly bent, will coft abovi 200 pounds llerling. The bamboo only of the govirnor of lJombay'.s palanquin, cxclu- five of the other > --iiameiits, cofl 125 pounds ftcrling. The bearers of ti.c palanquins arc Ii liaii fervant.s, who wear no clothes, except a fmall linen cloth about their loins, with dole flat bonnets on their heads, as liveries, and arc commonly employed in keeping the rooms clean within the houfes. The European ladies are at firll (hocked at the indecency of being carried by naked men, but loon learn loHCcuiloin thcmfelvcs to it. The palnntpiins t)f the M.ihometan ladies are incommodious wooden boxes, entirely clofe, and fixed upon a Uraight pole. The Hindoos, thtf aboriginal inhabitants of the country, compol'c the moll confiderable part of the population of Sural. They are almoft all of the call of the Banians; and hence their Ikill and dexterity in matters of calculation and economy often raife them to places of confiderable trull, in the colleAion of the taxes and culloms for the Malifimctans. Thelo Banians, being born to trade, have engroftcd the commerce of India to fuch a degree, that all foreign n.itions are obliged to employ them as brokers; 111 which employment they give better fatisfaClion than the Jews in Turkey. Europeans have never found reafon to repent the intrufting even their whole for- tunc to the Banians, who coniinuc to givealloniftiing proofs of iheir probity and fidelity. Softie of hem are very rich ; but they live all in a llyle of moderate fimplicity, wearing for drcfs only a plain robe of white cotion. At Sural there arc numbers of Perfians, who are Ikilful merchants, induftrious artifans, and good fer- vanis. In the fame city arc alio Armcniar ., Georgi- ans, and jews ; but of none of ihcfc any confiderable number. Tiie Indian Catholics, commonly called I'ortugucfe, from their fpeaking the India dialetl of the Porlugucfe language, arc numerous here. Al Sural, ihc day is reckoned from fun-fet to fun-fet, and is divided, not into '.14 hours, but into Go garris. Here are no clocks ; the progrcfs of the day is mca- furcd by diiTcrent means. In a confpicuous fituation, a man ftands to put a cup of copper, pierced with a hole in the bottom, from lime to time under water; every time the cup finks, a garri is counted, and the man announces its lapfc by ftriking the number which it makes upon a plate of metal that founds like a clock. Each garri confifts of 24 of our minutes. In the houfes of the great, too, where clocks and watches are not wanting, this old fafliion of meafuring lime is ftill kept up. The great trade carried on at Surat, renders this city the ilore-houfe of ihe moft precious produftions of Indollan. Hither is brought from ihe interior parts of the empire an immenfc quantity of goods, which the merchants carry in their fhips to the Arabic Gulf, the Perfian Gulf, the coaft of Malabar, the coaft of Coromandel. and even to China. The pio- vinces near this city are full of tnanufaElurcs of all forts. Having already given our Readers a copious Defcription of this Place in the Travels of Mr. Bri'ck (which are of a more modern date) we ftiall decline any further repetition, for ihe fake of intro- ducing other novel and inteiefting Matter. H^e Jhall n(Kv proceed nilb the Travel i of the much cflebrated and unfortunate M. Br is sot dl W.xrville, in America; prefumin^ that his Defcriplions of the Unitiu SrATF.s of that now Indefendeni Nation, accurately Tranjlated from the French, 111. 1 he highly acceptable to our mimcrmis Readers, .■■■A. A NEW hi. M I '1.1 ■.V W , H 1' A NEW, COMPLETE, and GENUINE HISTORY of TRAVELS IN THE m m i\^ m\ m n United States of America. Undertaken and Performed in the Year 1788, By J. P. BRISSOT DE WARVILLE, (About Five Years before he was Guillotined in Paris.) ? Including feveral Intcrcding Remarks — The Plan of each Settlement in the UNirm States — Cursory Observations; and the Means ufcd to abolish Slavery. Being an Entire New Tranflation of the famouj Brissot's ingenious Memoranda of Phiiadflphja, afccrtainiiig the Progrcfs of that Country ; with feveral Curious and Intcrcfting Anecdotes. Alfi), The Commerce between each State, and the Sav at. rs, the Can adi ans, Nov a-Scoti a, Kno. ,ii: Islands, &c. &c. Government of each State — Legislation — Revenui — Fhon 1 1 ek i— Cu;- TIVATION CiRCULATJON of MoNKY CoUNTRV M A N U F At T l' R I S, &C. &t. I N r R O D U C T I O N. TH E author informs us that the objcfl of his travels was not to fearch for unknown plants or curiofiiics, hut to fUuly men who h.id jufl aii]uircd their liberty^ and now llylcd themlclvos an indepen- dent nation. His firfl objetl was to examine liic elfi Os of liberty on the charafler of man, of fociety, and of government ; and as this was the mofteirential point of his obfervations, for the purpolc of attain- ing a fo neceflary knowledge, he wrote every evening in a journal what principally llruck him in the day. His next rule was to confider the com]K>rition of the legiflativc body, the fenate, and executive power, clcclions, any abufes that may be in them, &c. A.c. and to draw forth fuch conclufions from them as reafon might diclatc; likewife to remark the prin- cipal articles of exportation and importation, the number of (hips made ufe of, and ilic Hate of money ulcd in commerce: moreover, as Banks are an im- porlaiit article in the common-wealth, lo mark well the proportion obfcrved between the money they contained and the bills they circulated ; likewife to niite the prevailing fydem of taxation, — the federal debt of every State, and of individuals, — the federal cxpcncc? of every State, and their accountability. Onr author further intended to fee if report was j'lil relpefcUng the account., of Ncw-Vork, which intimated that ihe lands were tinrultivatc !, i!e town furrounded with I'orcfts, and that, tliouoh ) ,;. wood was cheap, they preferred coals at a li^h price. Alfu, 10 in(|uire into their mode of rijinit cattle ; the difpoliiions and private morals uf die inhabitantt ; of education, public iin<\ private; aiy — l.baralltrtftic htr.tnrfi — n<:i Appcarnmc ut Chunb — Relipon — (^lul'S — l.ii/ir/aiiii/niils — Moiie 0/ l.it'ing, isc. — (iollef^f al NuriM — /fc; ■• iiigs^ isc. — the ('(tinminicmfiil of a l\\<.jl — Tbiir Ambvrs — l'iil>tifation.i, tdc. — 7bt' I liiimiiiif Sociity — iU.'-..-' Society — Alms-Houfe — IVerklMufi — Aaouiit of ibc J'arii aJjainnig Bojloii — liiinker-llill, Uc. MDc Warville prepared to leave Havre de • (irace, (imc 3, 1788. liolbec and Boites, near Havre, afl'ord jn my tlKiiniing aii ibi; profpcriiy of n>any great liouli < ol this tity, InJcra, ELS erica. 8. 7LLE, .) ■ -■ |ent in the Unit;;, >tiSH Slavery. Ida of I'HiiADrLpiiu. jftirig Aiitcdotcj. ;.)VA. Scotia, Kn..,,;, -h — F«ON I itxs— Co:- were nncultivatcJ, ifj \ and ihal, though t;,,. c-fcrred co^K ai a h -h :<> their mode oC nMung 1 private morals of die pulilic and private ; md far as poHi.Me, wiih ihf e purpofe of gaining the nd point. ir, was one ofihcdrp,,. ioii; he and his parnicrs, pcrrei, Valiizc, farra,' aurhct, Diicros, Dover- p, Heauvais, Diicla;cl, IJoili-aii, Aiitiboul, and ilofa CDiifpirdcy jgaiiill of the ripublir, -^d of ihf I''r.'iicii iiaiion, 'aris. by the guillntme, ize (fabbcd hiinfill ;r, Jadrd ; i!.c rcll lulfcrfj enie was exfcutcd n.i y-fevcn minutes. 'I'ht eyed ff-jMratfiy, on a lion, cxhihitcd at lU- me Ipoi. 7»r — Df/i riftm ' I'll tr'iftie hti:lncf>—n\:i ep- eil Noriin—lhi.i- man,' Soruly—M.-J,:^: the flavcirade. Tin' I of dfcrcalinij ficm t a little Kjw.ads the ■^ ofihi* city. JnJccc, 4 •ii: iiJ I 1 I .^ H ««* de We*t 9 <* fi^m. If/ubn. S s • -^■^■.•v.' MHyp-'-W^ '.ts*, • .« , \'< l-Si \l >.'& .;. M ! 81 i h.^- (.'•"« 11' I' / I" ^ -411 n 1 jlTjI^I SI H^l i! « < ' 1 t'l i ., "''>^^- . ^v / / ) *\ :;(!!'. ^ ;^ ^* '''** ^« Canadians or;, lui Sacujfh Eto Qin cm ^LvMT(HT. o ■ . . , fi7tt'/// l//i//itf/////tf/(//rif/,'/fr///. ) i' 11 HI.; ^ ■!■ 1 1 ii,. !, ,11 i ini I I ?!lia *■•* i'^i i KiP'i ■f^-'^.y^-' il 1- V 1 kr ¥ i| ■(■: Vi r'F M. BRISSOT DE WARVILLE'S TRAVELS in AMERICA. 777 the increafefl demand for fugar, cotton, coffee, &c. in Kuropr, has augmented in a great degree the de- iiutid fur Haves in the colonies. July 30, our hero arrived at Bofton, and was highly delighted in wandering up and down that long Ureci, whole fimplc houl'es of wood border the mag- nificent channel, and wliofi; full ftores afforded a I'lipply of every defirable produflion. He enjoyed, while every thing as yet was in its infancy, the adivity of the merchants, the artifans, and failors. The iU)l)oMians unite fimplicity of morals with ilijt poliiencfs and delicacy of manners which render virtue more amiable. They are hufpitable to ftran- j;iTs, and obliging to friends i they are tender huf- h.inds, fond and almoll idolatrous parents, and kiiui niallcis. Mufic, whicii their teachers formerly prD- Icrihcd as a diabolic art, begins to make part of ilu'ir education. In Come houfes the forte-piano may be hoard. This art, it is trite, is ftill in iis inlaiicy ; but the young novices who e.xcrcife it, are lo gcnile, io complaifant, and fo modeft, that t'lc proud pcrfcflion of art gives no plcal'ure equal to \vh,it they afford. The young women here, enjoy the liberty ihey do in England, and they do not abufe it. 'I'heir frank, and tender hearts have nothing to fear from the perfidy of men. Examples of this perfidy are rare ; the vows of love arc believed ; and love alwavs refpefcls them, or fhame follows the guilty. The Hollonian mothers are referved ; their air is ho'.vever frank, good, and communicative. Entirely devoted to their families, they are occupied in ren- dering their hufbands happy, and in training their children up to virtue. Heavy penalties, fuch as the pillory and imprifon' nieni, the law denounces againff adultery. This l\w has fcarcely ever been called into execution. It is becaul'e families arc happy; and becaufe they arc happy they arc pure. N'catnefs without luxury, is a charafteriftic feature of this purity of manners ; and this neamcfs is feen cvcrv where at Bollon, in their drefs, in their houfes, .ind in their churches. Nothing is more charming than an infide view of a church on Sunday. The good cloth coat covers the man ; calicoes and chintzes drefs the women and children, without iii-iiig fpoiled by thofc gewgaws which whim and caprice have added to them among our women. I'owder and pomatum never lully the heads of infants and children : adults, however, invoke the art of liie hair^dreffer; for this art has already crolfed die feas. .\11 religions are tolerated, and the minifters of (lillcient tctU live in fuch harmony, that they fupply !■ ich other's places when any one is detained from Wm pulpit. rhere arc many clubs at Bofton. M. de Warvillc uas I'evcral times at a particular club held once a wjL-k, and was much pleafcd with their politencfs to llraii;;ers, and the knowledge difplayed in their con- xirlaiion. There is no coffec-houlc at Uollon, Xi.w-Vork, or Philadelphia. One houfe in each iDwii, that they call by that name, fcrves as an e.\- chaiige. One of the principal plejfarcs of the inhabitants oi'ilicrL' io\vn% confifts in little parties for the coun- try, among families and friends. The principal cx- jK-iicc of the panics, el'pecially afier dinner, is tea. In iliisj as in their whole manner of living, the Viiuricnns in gcticral rel'cmbic the Englilh. I'unch, K\\rn\ and cold, before dinner j excellent beef, and Spanilit and Bordeaux wines, cover their tables, tihsays I'olidly and abundantly ferved. Spruce beer, ixrc'llcnt cyder, and Philadelphia porter, precede the wines. This porter is equal to the Englilh : the maniifaflure of it laves a vail tribute formerly paid tf) the Englilh indullry. Our traveller alio found American checfc equal to the bed Chelhirc of Eng- land, or the Uochfort of France. This may with iriith be ("aid of that made on a farm on Elizabeth- Ifland, belonging to the rcfpeflable Governor Bow- doin. After forcing the Englilli to give up their domi- nation, the Americans determine' ^o rival them in every thing ufeful. This fpirit of emulation fliews itfelf every where : it has erctled at Bollon an cx- tcnfivc glafs manufaftory, belonging to M. Brcek and others. Maffachufctts wifhcs to rival, in manufaflures, Coiineflicut and Pcnnfylvania ; (he has, like the lall a fociety formed for the encouragement of maiiu- faftures and indullry. The greatell monuments of the induQry of this Hate, arc the three bridges of Charles, Maiden, and Ell'cx, . The honour of having given the firll college or imiverfity to the new world is due to Bodon. It is placed on an cxtenlive plain, four miles from Bollon, at a place called Cambridge ; the origin of thi.s ufeful inlliiution was in 1636. The imagination could not fix on a place that could better unite all the conditions effential to a feat of education ; funiciently near to Bollon, to enjoy all the advantages of a communi- cation with Europe and the rcll of the world; and fufficiently diftani, not to cxpofe the (ludents to the contagion of licentious tnanners, common in com- mercial towns. The air of Cambridge is pure, and the environs charming, offering a vail fpace for the exercife of the youth. The buildings arc large, numerous, and well didributed. But, as the num- ber of the (ludents augments every day, it will be necelfary foon to augment the buildings. The library, and the cabinet of philofophy, do honour to the inRitution. The firll contains 13,CX}0 volumes. The regulation of the courfe of (Indies here, is nearly the fame as that at the univcrfity of Oxford. Every year a folcmn feaft is celebrated at Cam- bridge in honour of the Sciences. 'J'his lead, which takes place once a year in all the colleges of America, is called the Commencement: it rclembles the excr- cifes and didribution of prizes in the European colleges. Jt is a day of joy for Bodon ; almoll all it inhabitants affcmble in Cambridge. The mod didin- guilhedof the fludcntsdifplay their talents inprelencc of the public; and thcfeexercifes, which arc generally on patriotic fubjeds, are terminated by afcad, where the frcefl gaiety, and the mod cordial fraternity reign together. it is remarked, that in countries chiefly devoted to commerce, the fciences arc not carried to any high degree. This remark applies to Bodon. The uiii- verftty certainly contains men of worth and learning ; but fciencc is not dilfufed among the inhabitants of the town. Commerce occupies all their ideas, turns all their heads, and abforbs all their fpeculaiions. On this account there are few edimable works, and few authors. Poets, for the fainc real'on, mud be more rare than other writers. They fpeak, however, of an original, but lazy poet, by the name of Allen, whof verfes are faid to be full of warmth and force. They mention particularly a manufcript poem of his, on the famous battle of Bunker-Hill; but he will not print it. They publifli a Magazine here, though the number of Gazettes is very coididcrabic. The inul- tipiicity of Gazettes proves the activity of commerce, and the tade for politics and news; the nirriis anil multiplicity of Literary and Political Magazines arc ligps of the culture of the fciences. 'i'he Bodonians have no brilliant monumenis; but they have neat and commodiou.s cluirchci, good houl'es, I'upcrb bridges, and excellent (liips. Their ftrceis arc well illuminated at night. Bclides the I'ocietics foi tlie encouragement ol agriculture and manufaflures, they have another, known by the name of the Humane Society. Their objctl is to recover drowned perl'ons : it is formed after the model of the one at London, as that is copied from the one at Paris. They follow the fame methods as in Europe, and have cffctlcd many recoveries. The Medical Society is not Id's nferiil. It holds a corrcl'pondencc with all the country towns ; to know 9 I. the 1 ' f 1 1 "r i . 'Hi ' f! '^il J. I' 1 •l-llf m m i1 1? ll Hi ll.tl 778 NEW COLLF.CTION oi VOYAGES and TRAVELS. the fymptonis of local diriMCfs, iiropofc ilif proper remedies, ;i!iJ give inllrutlioii ilieieupoii lo ilicir fellow-ciii/.eiis. 'I'lic ainis-liourc is another very latidahle cnablifh- ment. It is dcftincd to the poor, who, by age and infirmity, are unable to gMn their living. It contains at prcl'ent alunit one hundred and fifty peifons. The workhoule, or houl'e of corretiion, is not very full, the morals of the people being in general good, and the fpirit of indnllry prevalent. The profellion of the law is one of ilie moll hic:ra- tive employments in this llaie, and iluv Hill prt lerve the e.xpenlive forms of tiie Knglilli pi.i'.iiee. The parts adjoinint; liollon, arc cl-arniins and wcil cidlivaled, adorned with elegant limifcs and a;^rced!)lc (uiialions. Ainoni; the liirrcJiindinij eminences mav be dillinguinicd Bunker-Hill, to wLicli liie liipcri} bridge of Charlerton leads. ' ■< town was entirely burnt by the I'.nglilh, in their attack of I5unker-IIiU. It is at prefent rebuilt with elegant houles of wood. C H A P. II. De'patline from Dojhii — Remayks on ihc Taverns, ^c. — Frnm ■'^i^'iifcr to Brockjleld — io ll'i.'/y.ikim — /lr>:ve o: Spriw^fteld — l\firiptton of the I'Lice — Set out for llarifou. — Defriptiun of ihat loxu-- lis I'lcJiif/ioiiJ, Cr't. C')itiu\-7i,ut — ll'etbersfteld—SfZihaveii — Of the ll^'oiiien — MidJIeloii — IXtiiyrr of the Itn:- iit Straifoyd — Fair- field — Hor/'eihik — A>:t' liocheile — Arrne at New-Iork — Make for }'L>hudelf:r\ to Ijiirliiii^iou, i^e. i c ;ii V'a OUR tirivellcrsfct out from Hoflon at four o'clock in tlie morniii;^ of ,\u^ull the 8(ii, and palled through the handlonie town of Cambrid;tc. '1 he dillancc from J5ollon to \ew-Vork is about two hundred and fifty miles. Many perfoiis have unitct'. in ellablifliin!^ a kind of diligence, or public ftage, which palles re'.;ularly for the convenience of travellers. In the luiunier (taibn, the journey is performed in ionr iIa)^. Tiie country apiJCirs well ctihivated as far a.s Wef- ton, wliere tl.ey br^akfaded ; tlienrc they palFed to W'orceiler to dniiitr, forty-cij'Jit miles from Bolton. '1 his town is elegant and well peopled. 'I'l-.ey llept tite firll night at Spenfer, a new village in the midll of the woods. The lujule of the tavern was but half built; however, the part that wasfinilhed, was very clean. The chambers were neat, the beds good, tlie flieeis clean, fupper paflable j cyder, tea, puncii, and all for fourieen pence a-hcad. They left Spenfer at four o'clock in the morning. New carriage, new proprietor.. It was a carriage without fprings, a kind of w.:ggon. It fcemed at lirll very inconvenient, but by the time tlicy bad run thirty miles among the rocks, iliev were convinced that a carriage with fprings would very loon have been ovcrlct and broke. Though great the fatigue of tliis route, yet the traveller is amply rccompenfed by the variety of romantic fituations, by the beauty (d the profpci^ts which it olFers at each rtep, by the perpetual contrail of lavage nature and the cll'oris anion at the plough, now rclls fulpsnded in his lioufe. Alone, with liis wife and chiltircn, in the niidll of the foiells, be fleeps ijuieily, he labours in peace, and is happy. Such were the ideas wliicli occupied our hero the greater part of his journ''y ; they fonuiimes gave jdacc to other-, arifing from tiic vi?w of the couniry- houfes, which arc lecn at finall dlllanecs through ,.!! the forells of Mairachulcits. Keatnefs ctiibeilidics them all. 1 hey have frcijiieiuly Intone llory and* garret; their walls arc p.ipered : lea and cotiwe ap- pear on iheir tables; their daughters clothed in calicoes, difplay the trails of civility, frankncls, and decency ; viitucs which always follow cniuentiiifnt and cafe. Almoll all tlule huufcs arc inl'.abitcd bj men who are both ciliivators anil artifans; one is t tanner, anoil-.er a ilioemakcr, anollier fells gou>ls ; but all are farmers. 'I he country llores are well alforted ; one may find in the lame lliop bus, nail.i:, liquois. It is not fuppoled thai one llird of the land of .VlaHacbufells is under cultivation : it is dillicnlt ts lay when it will all be (o, conlidcring the iiivitatioiij of the wederii country and the province of Maine. Ijdt the uncleared lands are all located, and the pro- prietors have ciieloled them with fences of dillcreut Ions. Thefc feveral kinds oi' fences arc c(mipoled of dilfercnt materials, which announce the diHereni de- grees of culture in the country. Some are coinpufed of the light branches of trees; others, of the niKik^ of trees laid one upon the other ; a third fort is made of long pieces of wood, fupporiing cai h otlur by making angles at the end; a fourth kind is made of long pieces of hewn timber, fupporied at the ends by palling into holes made in an npiinlii poll ; a lilih it like the garden fences in England; the l.ill kind is made of Hones thrown together to the height of three feet. This lall is moll durable, and is comaion in Mallachufeiis. From Spenlei to Crooklie'd is fificen nuirs. 1 iie road is good as far as (Ids lall town. A town in the interior of .\mcr:ca, dcfignates aft extent of eight or ten miles, where are fcaiiered a hundred or two hundred houles. Thisdivilion into towns is iicccfTary for alfembling the inhabitants (or elections and other liurpofes. Without this diviiioii, the iiihabitan'i might go fomeiiines to one alfiinblv, and fometnnes to another, wIiaIi would lead to coufulioii. Hclnlcs, it would render it impolfible lo knl wood. ;,-T,;,Atyft,.^^yft,y!^,^^^ jcv 1$ I'jXH-'ln rnduf/ious, L'l. be Jinv ill Slmtfoy.i — /■!«> /./('/./ (1/ J',ii,'ii.i-ILik — .'Vi~ I — 'Joiiii::_v I'j Jiiti:'iiii;^ioii, ^, t riti.ilj (lidaiu'c^ tlirniij>li ,.;i iletts. NcatiicCs emhdlidir^ eijiicntly I lit one tloiv and i papered : tea ami coliuc ap- their dau'^lucrs ciuthed ip. its (.!' civility, I'lan'Micl)., and always foll'.iw conieiuir-rit ule luiufts arc inh.abiscd bj valors and artdans; oiic is 4 maker, another (ells goods; I he coiinlry (lores are wel! in the (anie (hop hats, nails, ed that one tlurd oC the land r cultivation : it is didiciilt in coiilidcring the invitations and the province of Ma;iir. arc all located, and the pr(i- tliem with fences of diiicrer.l ids of fences are conipoUd <>i :h announce the diderent de- nintry. Some arc conipolVd trees; others, of tlie truiik- ic other ; a third fort is nudr I, (uppoitin^ eai h otlur by id; a fourth kind is made oi I)cr, (ii])ported at tlie ends by in an iipi it;ht poll ; a lilih is I Knj;laMd ; the hiil kind is iRCther 10 the lieij;lu of three durable, anci is luiiunon in iklield is fifteen miles. Tlie is lad town. A town in the if;naies afl t-xteni of ci(;lit ot calteud a luindretl or t..ii vi(i(jii mill towns is iuccfi>ii'. ilants hr ele(tloil> and o:l ci is diviluiii, the inhabiliiiS ine alfeiiiblv, and foinetiiiu: I lead to coiifulioii. lit (idcs fible i(> know the populntuti J this I'erves lor the balls 1 I people carry their attcniiii: ris the /Xniericans. 'Il'.eli':- tluieftjue. While hri jkh.i: ellers read the ga/.uttes m d ibuted tlii(;ii>ih all ilie cii';-;- n(iilcd of coffee, tea, hr.ilcd wliole for len-pente, .\lw- ach traveller. IbrahaiTi the road is covered wall woods. At this place, new carriage. A fmall lii;lit , and diawi) by two horlcs, t' \va;.!i',on. 'I hey ccadd r.f't II roiild (it in (his liiih- Parl- .■d another, 'i he condutilor ; there weie Co fc.v itavclltr* • •' In M. n R I S S '!• D K \V A R V I L L 1: ' 1 TRAVELS in AMERICA. 779 in this part of the roiul, that he could not alFord to run with more than two hords; that mod of the tra- vellers from New-^■ork dnppcd in Coniietlicut, and moil of thofe from Ho(hin, at VVorrrder. They were obliged to fiibmit. 'I'hey darted like lightning; and arrived in an hour and a (luarter a( Springfield, ten miles. This place, where we dined, rcfeiiihlcy an Kuro- pcantown; that is, the hoiifes are placed near to- gether. On a hill that ;irl, decent and pretty ; by an amiable mother, whole age has not eflaced tl;e agreeablenefs of lur features j by men devoip'.:n ovir ilie iiclds ; ami as they are not very high, and are witlmut giatts, ii would be very cafy for the jjriloners to nuke tluu cfcape ; but the idea never enters their hcaas. This fact proves that the prifoiiers arc h.:ppy, and coiifc. quentlv, that the admiiiillration is good. 1 lie kilclicn, are well kept. The eating-rooms which arc on tlic ground door, arc ccjually clc^i'?, nnd well aired; neatnefs and good air reign in every part. A lariii garden at the end of the court (urnillies \ e^ctal)l^^ for the kitchen. Our traveller was fiirprilal to (ind there, a great number of foreign (hiulis and plaiu.. The garden is well cultivated. In the yard they rcai a great number of hogs : for in America, t!ie hog a^, well as the ox, docs the honours of the talilv ihrou;;h the whole year, blacks -ire intermingled with the whites, and lodged in the lame apartments. The cxpcnces of this hofpital amount to about five pence per diem, money of Pcnnlylvania, for tatii penlioner. The hofpital for lunatics, which our hero likcwife vifitcd, is fine, elegant, and well kept. He was charmed with the cleanlinefs in the halls of tlie fick, as well as in ihc particular chambers. The library is not numerous, but it is well cbofen. The hall on the (ird door is appropriated to (ick men: there were (ix in it. About the fame number of (ick women were in a like hall on the (i^cond door, 'i'hcic pci- fons appeared by no means mifciahle; they frcined to be at home. (Jur hero went below to fee the luna- tics; they were about (ifieen, male and Iciiuile. Each one has his cell, with a bed, a tabic, and a convenient window with grates. Stoves arc (ixed 1:1 the walls, to warm the cell in the winter. Theie were no mad pcrl'ons among them : moll of the pati- ents arc the vu-lims of religious melancholy, or dil- appointcd love. Thefe unhappy perfons are trcatcil with the greated tendernefs ; they arc allowed to Kalk in the court, and arc conltaiitly vilitcd by two pliy- ficians. UA CHAP. III. M. DF. Warville prefeni at ^ Mffting of ibf ylj^ricullural-Sociely — The Siiijeff — The Pidlii Ll/'nin — Ibr Miirkt't at Philadelphia — The Genera! AJjfembly — The halls of the Skiiylkill— Spring-Mill — Reni.uks— He vifils i:n Ircnibnien — Account of a Journey to the Ohio — The School for Blacks — Means njedto ahoUJh the Slaze Iradi — lui'MS, i3c. — Defer iptton of Philadelphia, ^c. MDE WARVILLE wasprcfent at a meeting of • the Agricultural-Society. It is not of long (landing, but is numerous, antl pofTcfTes a confider- able fund. If fuch a fociety ought to receive encou- ragement in any country, it is in this. Agriculture it the (ird pillar of this date; and though there arc many good farmers here, yet the great mafs of them want information ; and this information can only be procured by the union of men well verfed in theory and pra8ice. The fubjctl of this meeting was an important one. The papillion, or worm, called the Hcdlan fly, had for feveral years ravaged ih'- whe.i! in many parts of the I'nited-States. 'JIk leveral farmers prefent, from their own experience, and tint of their neighbours and correfpondents, declared that the infefl depolitcd its eggs, not in the car, hut v.\ the dalk ; fo that they were well convinred, tliat on thrcfhing the wheat, there could be nothing to l«ar that the eggs would mix with the grain ; and conlc- quently they could not be communicated with the grain. Among the ufeful inftitution^ wliich do honour to Phlladelpliia, E L S. M. BRISSOT DE WARVILLE'S TRAVELS in AMERICA. ring houf'c, or lioiifi; n roiiiiiry, in one of I'hiliidclplii;! not )ot ilal is condnicicdor arge builciin^s; one :n. Tlierc is a fcpc. mon to ihein. Tl,i; >• receive into it, il;.- in irav-.iii, iiml p^r. lies. They like-wife riy pcrl'ins', ;ind j;ir!i iriicuLir lulls appio. d lo eacli Ipecies of perinteMdani. DerCon, lias Ids bid IMS. l.v( ry roiiin i.s tc, wliiili intmdtKe admit ;» IVee ciiui- i>viT ll;c fields J and e willnHil males, ii incrs to nuke llu'ir ^ ilieir heads. 'riii> i.:])py, and coidV- tiood. 1 he ki;clicn, >, whitli are on tlic and well aired: every part. A lari.^ Idrnillics x c>;ctiil)ks was I'lirprifid to find ;n flmibs ,iiid plani,. In the yard ihcy reai America, ilie hog as sofilie tabl'.' tlirou;;ii itcriningled with the apartments. amoMiu to aliout five :nnlylvania, lor each ich our hero likewifc ■•ell kept. lie was the halls oftlie Pick, iinhcrs. The library :lu)fen. The hall oi'i (ick n:en: there were mbcr of liek women d door. 'J'bere pcr- ferable; they li-cmcd iclow to (cc the liMia- , male and female. bed, a table, and a Stoves are iixed 1:1 the winter. Tlicte n : moll of the paii- niclaneboly, or dil- pcrCons are treated y arc allowed to walk .' vilitcd by two pin- 781 »i,vks—Hr iiifils I'.i'j Ih I be Sine 'Jiade— ravaged ili" wheal atcs. 'llir lever.il xperience, and that dents, declared that I ill the ear, lull in convinred, that on be Tioiliing to (e.ir grain ; anil conlf- uuiicated with the 'liieb do honour 10 Phdad..lpl.i;i, I'hiladoiphiit, is the public library ; it is fupportcd by liihlVription. The price of entrance into this fbcieiy is leti poniids. Any peifon has the privilege of bor- rowin-,; books. Half of the library is generally in the hands of readers. At the lidt of this library is a cabinet of natural hillorv. M. de VVarville obferved nothing curious in it, but an enormous thigh-bone, and fome teeth as enormous, found near the Ohio, in a mafs of prodigious bones, which nature feems to have thrown io;;ether in thofc ages whofc events arc covered from the eye of hillory by an impenetrable veil. The market at Philadelphia is, without contra- diction, one of the finelt in the univerfe. Variety and abundance in the articles, order in the diliribu- lion, good faith and iraiiipiilliiy in the trader, arc all here united. Cleanlincis is eonlpiciious here in every thing ; even meat, wliofe alpetl is more or id's (lil^iilling in 4)thcr markets, here lliikcs the eye a»rcenbly. The fpetlator is not tormented with the fight of little llrcams of blood, which infcft the air, and foul the (Ireeis. 'I'hc women who bring the produce of the country, are drelfed with decency j their vegetables and fruits are neatly arranged iiii haiidlonie, well-made bafkets. Every thing is afTem- lil.'d here, the produce ol the country, and the works (if induftry ; ticlh, fifli, fruus, garden-feeds, pottery, iron-ware, (hoes, trays, buckets extremely well made, Ac. The flranger is never wearied in contemplating this multitude of men and women moving and crol's- iiig in every dircttuin, without tumult or injury. 1 he carts and horles which have brought in the fup- plics, are peaceably arranged in the next flrcct, in ihe order in which they arrive; when difengaged, they move oH" in Idcncc ; no quarrels among the carmen and the porters. Two clerks of the police walk in the market. If they fufpetf a pound of butter of being light, they weigh it: if light, it is fcized for the ulc of the liofpital. The price of bread is from one penny to twopence the pound, beef and mutton from twopence to four- pence, veal from one penny to twopence j hay from twenty to thirty fhillings the ton ; butter from four- pence to (ixpcncc the [wund j wood from fevenpence to eightpence the cord. Vegetables are in abun- dance, and cheap. Wines of Europe, particularly ihofe of France, arc cheaper here than anywhere fife. Our hero drank the wine of I'rovencc, faid to be made by M. IkrgalTc, at ninepcnce the bottle ; hut the taverns are extremely dear. Articles of luxury arc expenfive: a hairdrefler coQs eightpence a day, or twelve lliillings the month. M. de War- villc hired a one-horfc thaifc three days, which cod him three louis d'ors. M. de W'arville was introduced one day to the ficneral .Mlcmbly : he law nothing remarkable in it. It is certainly a line building, when compared with the other eddices of I'hiladelphia ; hut it cannot be put in competition with thole public buildings which are called fine in Europe. There were about fifty members prclcnt, leaicd on chairs cncloled by a haludrade. Ucliind the baludrade, was the gallery for fpctlators. Our traveller dined about five miles Irom town, by the falls id' the Skiiylkill. Thelc (alls a'e formed by a confiderable bed of rocks: they are n.ii perceivable when the water of the river is high. Sprinj;niill, where he went to fleep, is a hamlet fi.;!u miles up the Skiiylkill. The foil is here com- plied of a great (|uantiiy of tale, granite, and a yellow gravel j fome places a very black earth. In the neigh- h.^;^^hood are (juarries of marble of a middling (iiie- n':ls, of which many chimney-pieces arc made. It is a remark to be made at every dcp in America, that vegetation is rapid and drong. 'I he peach-tree, for example, grows fall and produces fruit in great 'juaiitiiies. Within one month after the wheat is cut, the field is covered with grals, very high and very thick. The birds are a great difcouragement to the culture of the vine in Auiciica. Immcnie clouds of 85. black-birds may be feen fettling on a vineyard, which deftroy it very foon. The paflures and fields in America are enclofed with barriers of wood or fences. Thefe, when made of rails fupporled by pods as above deferibed, are expenfive, efpecially in the neighbourhood of great towns, where wood is dear. The country here is full of fprings j our traveller faw fome very fine ones. He was told of one which carries a mill night and dav, and rervfci to water meadows when occafion requires. M. de Warville had the good fortune to meet a Frenchman here who was travelling in this country, not in purfuit of wealth, but to gain information. He and another arrived at Philadelphia, and paffed im- mediately to Pittfburg. There the winter overtook them, and the Ohio froze over, whicfi rarely happens. They lodged themfelves a few miles from Pittfburg, in an open houfe, where they fuff'ered much fiom the cold. On the opening of the fpring, they defcended the Ohio. They landed at Mulkinquam, where they faw General Harmer, and fome people who were beginning a fettlement there. At foinedidance below this place, they fell in with a party of favages. One of them was killed, and the other wounded and taken prifoner; he fortunately made his efcape, rejoined the Virginian, and found the means of returning to Pittfburg, having lod his money and all his effefcts. He then returned to Phi- ladelphia, and was now on his way to Europe. Tlic immcnfc valley waflied by the Ohio, appeared to him the mod fertile that he had ever lecn. The llrength and rapidity of vegetation in that country were incredible, the fize of the trees enormous, and their variety infinite. The inhabitants were obliged to exhaud the fird fatnefs of the land in hemp and tobacco, in order to prepare it for the produtlion of wheat. The crops of Indian corn were prodigious ; the cattle acquire an extraordinary lize, and keep fat the whole year in the open fields. The facility of producing grain, rearing cattle, making w hilkcy, beer, and cyder, with a thouland other advantages, attra£t to this country great numbers of emigrants from other parts of America. A man in that country, works fcarcely two hours in a day for the fupport of him- felf and family; he pafles mod of his time in idKncIs, huniing, or drinking. The women fpiii, and make clothes for their hulbands and families. They have very little money ; every thing is done by barter. M. de Warville vifitcd the fehool for the blacks, at Philadelphia, and faw, heard, and examined the black chil(Jren. 'I'hcy read well, repeated I'rom memory, and calculated with rapidity. 'i'hc black girls, befides reading, writing, and the piiiiciples of religion, arc taught fpinning, needle- work, &c. and their midrcdes allured our author, that they difcovered much ingenuity. They have the appearance of decency, attention, and fubmilTion. In 177.J, the Congrefs declared the flavery of the blacks to be incompatible with the bafis of republican governments. DifTereni legiflatures hadened to con- iecrate this principle of Congrefs. '1 hree diftinft epochs mark the condu6l of the Americans in this bufincfs — the prohibition of the importation of flaves — their manumiflion — and the provifion made for their indruflion. All the different dates are not equally advanced in thefe three objefts. In the northern and middle dates, they have profcribed for ever the importation of flaves ; in others, this prohibition is limited to a certain time. In South-Carolina, where it was limited to three years, it has lately been extended to three years more. Cicorgia is the only date that continues to receive tranfported daves. Yet, when General Oglethorpe I'lid the foundation of this colony, he ordained, that neither rum nor flaves ihoiild ever be imported into it. This law, in both its articles, was very foon violated. A numerous party who dill argued the impoflibilitjr of cultivating their foil wiiidut the hands of flaves, 9 .M ar.d j ,'>ul\\ n I ,:^^' i m fk s "I- ■ *] ! m w ; :m ' Jm ' ia ) w Vi '{■Ml , - ^ • iiM' l,l^ > I'll : i^Bi MHa .m :i 1 : [1^1 ' ''Hi - w 7^2 NKW C.OLI.EC'nON ov VOYAGES ami TRAVELS. H: and the impoflibility u( atic;iiii'iitinf; iluir luinibcr without ii'ciiiiiiiii' iliciii ill AIiIim, ti)ul\ (uch nicarurcs OS to put it out of ilie power of ihc new Congrcfs to prohibit ilu" importatioo of IJavcs for iwiniy ju.irs. Nine States however linve profcribed the (Invc trade, and the blacks, wiiith there abmiiid. are coii- fidcrcd as free. 'I licte arc then nine alyliims for ihofc to efcapc to from C-oryia; not to fpeaiv of the neighbourhood of the Floridas, \vh( r-.- tl-.r fljvc> from Georgia take rofune, in iiopcs to l.iid belter treat- ment from tiie Spaniards ; and not to fpcak of thofc vaft forelts and inaccelFible mountains which make part of the Soutlicrn States, and whcie the perfccutcd iK'nii) may cafily find a retreat from llavery. The tominunications with the baik country are fo cafy, that it is iinpodible to lloji tl,c fugitives; and liie cxpencc of leclaimint; is difproportioned to tlicir value. And tliouijli tiiL- free Stales ihi not in appear- ance oppofe tl;ele rcdaiiialioiK, yet tlic people there hold (lavcry in fuch horror, tiiat the iiiallrr who runs after his human property, meets little reCpeft, and hnds little allillance. There was never any law in New Hampfliire, or Mad'achufoiis, wliich aiithorid-d (I.ivcrv. i'hcre was very little of it in CionncUicut ,• ilie puritanic aultc- rity which prcdoniiiialcd in that lolony, could fcarcc- ly reconcile itfcll wiili (livtry. .Auriciilnirc was bciicr performed there by the liaiids of free men ; and every thinf» concu now totally and for c\ er prohibited. In New- Jerley the bulk of the popul.iiion is OiHrh: people Icfs dilpofed than any oilitr to part with their property. Yet the W'eUcrn parts of the Sijtc are dilpofed to free their negroes ; but the talleni part are oppoled to it. The little State of Ilelawarc has followed tl.c cNani- ple of Pennf) Ivaiiia in liberaliii!; I'evcral lla'. cs, and there arc lotne negroes freed in Mars land, -but \ery few; and (carcely any in \ ir.;inia. The free blacks in the tallcrti Sratfs, are either hired fervants, or they keep litilc (hops, or they cultivate the land. Some of them may be fccn on board of coalling vellels. 'J'lu v dare not veniurc thcmfclves on long voyages, for (ear of being iranf- ported and (old in the illands. As to their phvlical character, the blacks are vigorous, of a (hong con- llitution, capable of the moll panilnl labour, and generally active. As l^•rvalll^, ihty arc (obor and faithful. Thole who kccj) (ho;)-, iise m(;deralcly, and never augment their alliii.> bixoud a certain point. Of all vegetables containing dinar, the maple, after the fugar-cane, contains the greatell ipiaiititv. It j;rows naiurallv in the I'liited.. States, and inav be propagated with great facility. ,\ll America Iccini covered with it, from Canada to X'irginia ; it becomes more rare at the louihwai d, on the i i!t oi' the mouii tain;; but it is found in abiiiiiiiKe in the back country. Such is the beneficent tue whieh has, for a loii'T time, reconipenfed the liapfv coloiiilt«, whole pol'ition deprived them of the lichcate fngar of our iflands. They have till lately contented tlicmlelve.s vsith bellowing very liitlc labour on the mnnufaehire, only bringing it to a (late of oininon coarfe liigar ; but (inte the t)uakers have dil'cr rne this town has been liner Imih. 'i he Swidilii cluii'a on the banks o! the DeUwaii' is more ihaii one lim:. died years old. Jt is lie oldilt cliui^b in tl.c town. ,\l ten o'cloi k in the evening ail is iraiupiil in th,.- drects; the profound (jlcncc which reigns there, is e)nly iiil^irupted by the voiee of the walchmcii, whu are in iinall numbers, anil who lurm the only patiole. 'I he llieeis arc lighted by lamps, j/laccd like iliolt ol London. On the (ide ol ihc ('.reels are footuayi of brick, anil gultris conlliuclcd of brick or wood. Strong polis are placed to prevent carriages from p,illii)g on tl:^ (ootwa\s. All liie drects are furnillicd with public pumps, in great numbers, ,\i the door of cad: houlc are placed two benches, where the family lit at even- ing to take the Ircdi air, and amufe ihetiilelvcs la looking at ihc palkngers. '1 his is certainly a luil cullom, as tlie c\eniiig air is unheallhiul, and tl; • exercile is not fullicicnt lo co.icet tins evil, (or they never walk here: they lupply the want of walking, by riding out into the country. 'I'liey have lew coach.cs at I'hiladelphia, but tlicy have (evcral haix!. fome waggons, which are ukd to carry the fjinilv into the country; they are a kind of bnig carnage, light and open, and may contain twelve pcrluir.. ■| hey have maiiv chairs and lulkeys, open on all (idf s ; tile (ormcr may carry two pcrl'oiis, ilie latter oiilv o:ie. TliL' horlcs iilLd in thclo carnages aic neither haiidlume nor diong; but the) travel vci. well. riiiladclphia is built on a regular plan; l.m; and large drects crofs each otiiev at right angles: this regularity, which is a real oinament, is at frit embarrading to a dranger; he has much diiiiculiy in hnding himlelf, elpccially as the drects are list iii- (cril)cd, and the doors not numbered. The (Imps which adorn the principal drcets, arc remarkable lor their ncatnels. ri;e Siate-IIoufe, where the I.cginaiiirc aflemblct, i.i a haiiiilo:iic building : by i:s lule they are builclin,; a magniliccnt houle of jullice. l lie itrecis are geiie- rallv (roiii 50 10 60 (Vet wide. MarketSlieet is ab'aii iGO. The wharfs ;ire in g.'iural finall and iii;;- IJcbindthc State- Moule is a public garden; it i-tl.c only one that exids in Khiiadelphia. Ills not larg-; but it is agreeable, and one may breatiic in it. It i- compoled of a number of verdant ftpiajc-, ifileirceh'd b)' alleys. ' .Ml the fpace from rront-Sirtti on the Delaware 10 Front-Street on ilie Skuylkill, is already dillnbutcl into lipiares for drcets and houfcs, they bull J ki'ic: but not lo brilklv as at N'cw-Voik. h\\ ,' l\ L S, M. B 'SSOT DE WARVILLE'S TliAVELS in AMERICA. colls lo iIk- wrcii !;■ il iIkIc Ii) ilio ;ul\,,n. lull) be coiiviiuril, l)v ins iire (ilicti lal.i ii i,i lu' iii.i|>k' is jirodiKcd Ltcil, rtquiri'H lu) prc- ■bnuiy iiiid M.ucli, a al opeialloiis. I'.aiii ;ivo twelve or liltci'ii li'ull livi: |Kiiih(l.s (,t tlllk'.KM, lU.iy CMfll, , lilt r.:p, m.lki' llltcili :i-,il li.ivi- declared tlii« lids 'I' Ki'i'i". tol^ii, in tlif .State id .\\\». c>;rci-', tlic .idvuiciii^ii , ii) one year, a lai.;,: t! lo i>it-al pcricciiii:,. ■led lis llic nuiii'jji)!,; rlainU ilif iifult luvii , ill wiMiiliy, iIkhi^Ii Hut c- men of iii("MiiJti(.;:, ,1', and Itwrul karm J iru ait- tiKiic aiKiciu; licr iKlcis. Ilicd uu llic I'lmt u!>rre 'I lit.' Svbidiiii cliuii h isi more ilian one liuu. Kldilt cluiuli in tic g M \i traiu|nil in il,,: V hieli rci;;n> ilierc, ij oi the waithnieii, viho li>rni I'lie mily paiiolc. ;s, (.IjccU like liioic oi footway* ofbrick, anil r wood. .Strong polis LS from p.diin;; on iL' rurmnud with public the door ofeacl: houlo .■ the l.imily lit at cvcii- 1 aniiirc iheiiiklvcs ki his is certainly a hail iiiiheallhiul, and in- lett tins evil, ior ilicy ■ the want ol" walking, ry. 'I'licy liave lew cy have Icvcral hai«!. I lo vnrry die Lnniiv kind uf ion;; cariu^c, nam twelve perlon. Iiilkf>s, open Oil all wo pcrlons, ilie litter II lliele carnages au- but ti)c\ travel vci, rc;iii!ar plan ; I'ln' otiiev at riglu angles: al oinameiil, is at I rit has iiiiich ddhciilty in lie firecti are ii:H iii- iinbered. 'I he (hups t>, arc remarkable Un I,C}»inatiirc alTeiiiblc!, lide they are building-; 'Hie llreets are geiK- MarketSireet i.s .ib"ni ineral I'lnali and iii;;- )ul>iic garden ; it i- tin" phia. It is not l.ii'i;'; ly breatiic ;ii it. It >> III liiuajc.-, inierfceti'd ctt on the Delaw.ircio i< already dilln'Duicd life?, ih.'v but! i h;ic: )ik. Toe 783 The l.idics bi-dow imnienrc c.vpcncc,< on their toilet .111(1 headilrefs, and difplay prrtcnfions too iiii'cHcd to be ple-ifini;. Adultery is iioi known here j there is . o iiillance of a wife, of any letl, who has (ailed in hrr duty. 'I hey marry wiiliout dower ; they brill)? to their liiilbands only the furniture of their hoiiles ; and tliey wait the death of their jiarents, before they conic to the podellion of their properly. There is no town on the eominent where there is fo niiieli printing done a'* at IMiiladelpliia. (iazettes and hook-llorcs are nuiiierouii in the towti, and paper mills in ilic (late. I here are feveral iifeful innitiitionsin Philadelphia. One of them is the Difpcnlary, wliicli dillribiites metii- cinrs gratis to the fick who iitc not in a litiiaiioii to piirchale iliein. 'I'hcre is alio the Uencvolcnt Inllitu- tioii, whole objttl is to fiiccour, in their own houfcs, poor women in child-bed. .Another fociety has (or Its olijeH to alleviate the (itiiation of priloners. i'ho I'hiladelphians conhnc not their attention to their brethren; they extend it to flran^ers; they have formed a (bciety for the alTillaiice of emigrants vlio airivo from (".ermaiiy. \ fimilar one is formed at \ew-Vork, called the Hibernian-Society, for the luceour of emigrants from Ireland. Thele focicties iiilorm thenifelves, on the arrival of a (hip, of the (iiiiaiioii of the emigrants, and procure them imme- diate employ. (lore is a companv for infurancc againft frc. The haules are conllnitied of wood and brick, and confc- qucntly expofed to the r.ivagts of fire. '1 he tliiiKiic of riiiladelphia is reckoned one of the moll hcalilifiil in the world. In dry we.ithcr, the air h.M a peeiiliar elallicity, which renders heal or cold lei's inliippoii.ible than they are in places more hiiiniil. 1 he ,iii never becomes heavy and l.iii'^iiiiig, but when the rains arc not followed by llic in iirlletnt N(iith-\\'e!l. During the tliiee weeks thai ,\1. de Warville palTed here (in Angiill and Sepltniher) he felt nothing of the languor id' body, and iK piellion ul fpiiils, which heexpeeled: though the heat was vciy great, he found it iupportable i nearly like that of I'aris, hilt it caufed a greater perfpiration. X'ariabibiy is the cluratferidic of the climate of Pciiiifylvania. It has changed by the clearing of lands, and the diminution of waters, which lorinerly abounded in this part of .America. Many creeks, and even rivers, have dil.ippcared by degrees; and this is to be expetled in a country where forells ;5ivi' place to culliv.ited llelds. However, thefe changes have pniilured happy oii'ecis ou the hcahli t'f the people. .An old man of i!i;s country oblerved 10 our traveller, ili.it the health "I ilie I'eniifylvaniaiis aiignienls in propcilion to the ciiiiivation ol the coiintry ; that their vil'age.s are lel.s ii.ile than they were thirty or fortv years pall; that lor I'lMie iinic the number of centenaries has iiicrcafcd, ail I iliat tl'.e lepiuagenaiics arc very nunieroiis. llieie was Inch an extiaordiiurv drought in 1782, ihit tlie Indian corn did not come to perleClioii, the meadows failed, and the foil became lo inllammable, iii.li in feme I'lacesit caii:;ht lire, and the liirface was Ininit. Ill our traveller's time it was excelFivcly rai- IV. On the i8t'i and igth of Augiin, there fell at l'!;i'e;lelphia ieven inches of water. \\ heal fufTercd u-iit:li horn ihc i.iiiis this year. iiiil happdi all parrs of the coiinlrv arc not fubjefl to the lame variations of the atniolphere ; fo that a •;ciier.d Ir licit)- is never known. If the harvcll fails hero, al liM\ miles dinaiue it ahotiuds. .\iiu)iig the (iifeafes of the 1,'nitcd-Siairs, the con- liliiipiion douhileis makes the grcatell r3va^,es. It 'i.K unknown lo the original inhabiiants of the coun- 'iv; u is then ilie refuli of Kuropean liabiis of life iriid'poiied to this new continent. It is more coin- I'uinin the lotnn ihan in the ronniry ; it dellrnys moie women ihaii men; it is a languid diforder, i«liieli dr.,gs, bv (low fteps, its vittiiii 10 the tomb; cadi day piuig;.); ;!it dagjjer dtepci in hit bieafl, and renders more vilible the inciirilile wound. Death, without ccafiiig, Hares him in the face, and throws a funeral fliroud over the remainder of his days. 'I'l-.e world and its plealures dilappear; the ties of friend- fliip are the only ones that arc (trcngtheiicd and en- deared, and which double the bittcrni Is of hi> approaching dillolution. The confumption, in a word, is a long continued agony, a (low lormciiiini; death. The phyficians of this country attribute it to different caiiles; to the cxcelTive ulc of hot diiiiks, Aich as tea and cofl'ec; to the habit of remaining too long in bed, and the iifc of feather-beds, for they kiU)W not the ufe of inatlrefTes; to the cullom of eating too much meat, and of drinking too much fpirituous liquors. Women arc more I'ubjeft to it intn men; becaufe, independently of the above caufcs, they take but little excrcife, which is the only powerful remedy againfl the (lagiu.tion of hu- mours, the great principle of the marafma : they tallc but little the pleafures of walking; a movement which, varying the fpctlacle of nature, gives a re- frelhment to the fenfes, a new fpring to the blood, and a new vigour to the foul. Confumpiioiis, how- ever, are not fo numerous in America as is generally imagined. This name is ignoranily given to many other diforders, which reduce the body 10 the fame meagre llatc which follows a decay of the lungs. This appearance deceives, and may eahly deceive the attendants of the lick, who give inlormaiion to thofe who keep the bills of morialiiy. Another difeafe very common here, is the fore- throat ; when piiirid, it is mortal. It generally proceeds from excellive heats, cold drinks, and care- Iclfnefs in clothing. The difeafe known in Europe by the name of the Influenza, is likcwilc common in America: it made great ravages in 1789. It began in Canada, palled through New-York, and very loon infe£led I'enii- (ylvaiiiaand the Southern States. Its fymptoms arc lafTitudc, fceblenels, chills, heats, and the head-ache. It refpecls no age or fcx, and rfpccially precipitates to the tomb thofe who wcie attacked by the con- fumption. The fever and ague may be ranked in the clafs of iliefe cruel epidemics; but it is mure terrible, as its returns arc annual. It not only vifits the inarfhy countries and the fea-coaff, but it is feen even in the healthy region of Albany. It is combated by ihe Peruvian bark : but the iiiort fuccefsful remedy, is a joiirnc)' among the mountains, or into ihc Noithern States. This fever never attacks the black Haves. This exemption is attributed 10 a cullom they preferve with obllinacy, of keeping lircs always in their cabins, even in the hottcll fealon. The negroes are accullomed to confider exceffivc heat as a guarantee of health; and one may fee a negrefs, while (he la- bours in the field, in the ardour of a burning fun, expofc her infant 10 its fires, father than lay it under the refrediing Ihade of a free. Among the maladies cominnn in the United-States, mull be reekoncd the plciiriiy and the peripneumoin, though they arc Icfs frequent than formerly. Tlv fmall-pox, which formerly made fuch liavochs in the; llniteil-Siaies, is Icfs formidable fincc tlie general prafiiec of inoculation. There arc many phvlleians at Philadelphia, and this may be afligned as ih.e eaiire. of fo main' diloafes ; but fueh an opinion is erroneous. They are laid to be Ikilful ; they arc gcneral'y flrangers to quackery. The greatcli part of thefe phyficians arc at the fame time apotliecarics. They continue to unite tlicl'e two fciciices, out of refpefcl to the people, who wifh that the mny who orders the medicine Ihaiild likewile prepatc it. There are, however, oilier apo- tl;ec:ii;es,of wlunn the phvficianspurchale theirdrugs. The pratlice of this country is the Knglifh prac- tice; that is, tliev arc much in the ule of violent remedies. I.iisaiives are little in life. Almofl all the pliyliciaiis of this country aie loriped at the fchool :i t W I ' J of 784 NKW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. r'i; ■;M ^illi! " :<;! of Kilinbiii|if IMiiladclphia ii a kind of hnufc of corretlu.n. The prifoncrs arc obliged to wc)tk ; and each enjoys the profit of his own labour. Tliol'i! wlio govern the houfc of corredion in NewYoik, on confontin); to take charge of criminals condemned by the lau' have obtained leave to fubnituic to whips and mutilation, (heir humane method of currc^ion; and (hey daily fucceed in leading back 'n indiilliy and rcafon theie deluded men. By the fmall number of t'cnnfylvaniatys coniainfd in the prifon of Philadelphia, one may crjncliidc, iliiit were it not for the Urangcrs, the govi-rnmtiit of tliu town, like that of Nantucket, miglit h.tvc a prifon with open doors, of which honoilr and repentance are the only keepers. •«.v.. — ^- -. n ) r l> v( • t r .^u.^.i,*v^rfN,^/*v^r*^<^«-*w«^«*>i<*>,/**.^.,*v.^./*»nz^ «* ^ i./^ :;l.it: o •.'Ki C.H A P. IV. *'/ M. ne Warvii IE aiij a Pinty iiHjnIakf a Journey from Bojlon to New-Tork hy Providenrf—Prorc-.l to \-~ . prt in a l\i(kfl- lio.it — Porl of Nmport andlbe PUce dtfirtbtd — Leigt — Uell'Qale — Hcmarkt qh thtl'iidil- litu/t — i)(j(ripti»H of New- I'ork— 'Albany— 'Hud/on — Buildings, iic, i3c. •(■ t ON the lath of Ottobcr, M. de Warvillc and a party fet out from Hodon at lialf pall feven in tl.c irorning, and arrived by fix in ilic evening at Providence. It is forty-nine miles, the road good, (he foil Honey, gravelly, and l.indy, and, as ufual for fnrh a (oil, co\ ered with pines. 'I'hc country bor- dering the road, appears neither fertile, nor well peopled : the houfcs arc in decay, the children co- vered with rags. They had, however, good health, and good complexions. The (ilence which reigns in the iiihcr Aineiican towns on Sunday, reigns M I'rovidrncc even on Monday. Hvery thing here annotinces the decline of hiiniicfs. Kew vtHcIs are to be feen in the port. Tln-y were bui'ding, how- ever, two diftillerics ; as if ihc nianufadorres of this ptjifon were not already fiillicicntly numerous in the United-Slates. \\'hcthcr it be from pnjudirc or reality, our author fccmcd lo perceive every where the filetice of di-aih, the effefl of paper-mniey. He I'ccmed to fee, in every face, the air of a [ew; the rcfultofa tratlie founded on fraud and tincdc. He feemed to fee, likcwifc, in every counttnancr, the clt'ccls of the contempt which the other States bear to il-.is, and the confciounirfs of meriting ihai contempt, 'riie paper-money at tliis time was at a difcount of (en for one. M. dc Warvillc went from Providence to New- port in a packci-boat. I'his journey might be made by land t but they preferred the water. 1 hc\ arrived in fcvcn hours and a half; and during tuo hours they had contrary wind. This dillancc is thirty miles. '1 hey never loll light of land; but it olIcr> nothing piclureique or curious. A few houl'cs, foine tiecs, and a (andy foil, arc all that appears to ilie cyv. The port of Xcwport is coniidcred as one of the beft in the United-States. 'I'lie bottom is good, -Xv. harbour capable of receiving the lar^ell fliip«, tin' teems dedined by nature to be of great conle.jiion'.e. 'J bis place was one of the principal I'ccnes of tli- l.dl war. The fucceffive arrival of the Anieriran, Kn- glifli, and Frencli armies, left here a coiifiderable ijuantity of money. Since the peace, every thing is changed. The reign of lolitude is only interrupttd by groups of idle men, (landing with folded arms at tiic coiners of the llreets, houles falling to ruin, niircra!)lc fliops, •.hicli prefent nothing but a few coarl'e (luHs, or l)alkeis of apples, and other articles of little value; gidls i/rowing in the public fqiiarc, in front of the court (jf jiidiee j rags IliifFed in the windows, or hung upon iiideous women and lean unquiet ciiildren. J'.very thing announces milcrv, ilie iriuinph of ill faith, and the inlliu'ncc of a bad govcriiineiit. J-iege and Newport arc ncveuliclcrs well lituatcd for commerce, and lurrounded by lands by no means iiiifriiiifnl. M. dc Warvillc was detained at Xcwport hy the foiiiii- well winds till the I'jih, wlienttHv let lail at midnightt the captain not wiihing to fail Ciioner, for learoftouchingbel'orc.day on I'.luck-Kland. Thcwind and tide curried i!k':ii at the rate ui nine or ten miles '■n hour; and they fltould have arrived at N'ew-York (he nc.x( evening, but they were deiaiiud at Hell- Gate, a kind of gulf, eigh( miles from \ew-Yorl-:. This is a narrow paffjge, formed by the approMch nt Long-Illand to York-Ifland, and rendered lnrril'lr by rocks, concealed at high w.iier. The wiiiripi")! of this giilph is little perceived at low water ; but it is not furpriliiig that vcffels which know it not, fhould be dafhetJ in pieces. They Ipcak of an F.nglifh fri- ga( loll (here the lafl war. I'his Hell Gate is an ubllaclc to the navigation of this llrait ; but it is not rare in fumincr to run from Newport to Xcw-Vork, (WO hundred miles, in twenty hours. On approach ing this city, thecoadsol ihil'c two illaiuls prefent the mod agreeable fpcdacle. They arc adorned with elegant coiiniry-iionfcs. I.ong-lfland is cele- brated for its high (late of cultivation. The price (if pafl'age and diet from Providence to .Vcw-Surk is fix dollars. It is more advantageous, and often lefs exprnfivc to go by land ; yet much prail'e is due to the clcm- linefs and good order obfcrvablo in the packet-bnaii. The one which our hero was in contained fourteen beds, ranged in two rows, one abi)\e the otiicr; every one hid its little window. The chamber was well aired ; well varnilhed ; and two dole corners were made in the poop, which fcrvcd as private places. The provifions were good, 'i here is not a little town on all this coad, but what has thefe kind of packets going to New-'^'ork ; fuch as Ncwhavep, New- London, &c. They have all the fame neainL-!>, the fame embellifhment, and the fame conveniens; for travellers. Nothing is more magnificent than the (itiiation of New-York, w hich ftands between two majedic river^, the north and the eaft. The former feparaics it from New- Jerfey : it is fo profound, that (hi[)8 of the line anchor in it. Two inconvcniencies .ire, however, experienced in this river ; the dclccni <>l ice in the winter, and the force of the noriii-wclt wind. Ships mount this commodious river as far .i- Albany, a town fituated an hundred and feveniy miles from New- York. Albany will yield very Coon, in profperiiy, to ,) town called Iludfon, built on a fpot where, h'lii years ago, there was only a (imple farm-houlc. At prefent, it contains an hundred good dwcliin'^ houfes, a coiirt-houfe, public fountains, ^S> ^p* 1^^ '.i4'. ■Iff — Pnrffii to X~:: - icinitrkt tH Ibt Pudil- arrived at N'evv.Yorlv rf (IciaiiH'd at Hi!I- Icj rr>)m \c\v-York. (I liy tlie a|ipro;icli nl 11(1 rciidrred liorril'l'- iHT. The wliiilpL'jl lit low u'.iicr ; tnil ii lIi kiH)w i( not, (houlj ik uf an F.n^lilh IVi- 'his Hell Gate is an is (trail ; luii it h not owpori 10 Xew-York, KiiiiJ. On approach i; two ill.mds prcfcnt 'I'hey arc adoriinl I.ong-Klaiid is ctlc- vation. The price nl' cncc to Ncw-S'ork is il nfirn Icfs fxpcnnvi- c is due 111 the clcui- Ic in ihe packct-bdais. in cnntaincd fourteen lie above tlic otlu-i ; iV. 'I he chatnber wai nd two dole rornori ch fcrvcd as priv.uc ;ood. 'I here is luit a t vhat has thcle kind i (nth as Ncwliavfp, ; ail the fame Meatncl>, ihc fame convenience t than the fiiiiatinn of en two ntajellic rivers, c former fcparatcs it o'found, that (hips ol inconveniencics .in-, 'ivcr ; the di'lci'iii r the uncuhivaicd laiuls, and tip a(l> ant;\j;cs which ihey offor, aitrad reiili-Ts 10 tl'.i-. ijiiartcr. New lotilcinciiis arc foniiiiii; here ; but (lowly, bccauCe oihcr dates furnilh lands, if not as fcrtiU-, tit lead attended with inor-:- advanta(»"s for agri( iiliurc, as llicy are lefs cxpofcd to the oicclFivc rigiuirs of fo hv winter. cii this part of America fhall be well peopled, (he rth river will offer one of ihe fined channels for iiic exportation of its T.idiit^ ion's. Xiivijiable for iiorc than two hniidrct' Ics from tlic ocean, it co-.ninuiiicales with the \'\\^ . Moliawk, with the lakct Oneida, Ontario, Frie, and all ih.it part of Canada. I'hc falls which arc found in this route may be eafdy vanqiiiihcd by canals, fo eafy to conftrufl in a coun- try abounding with men and riioney. This river communicates with Canada in another (]uaricr, by the likes Gcornc and Cliainplaine. Ir is this (ituation which \\ill render .\ew-^■oIk the chi'nnel of the fur- trade, at lead during the cxideiue ■)f this kind of commerce, which liippoirs the exillf ncc of lavages, and great quantities of iniciiltivaied ands. New-York, by the F.ad-Riv er, coiiimunic cs witii Long-Idand, and with all the liadern Stales. Ships of the line anchor likewife in this livcr, and near the quay, where they are dn Itered from the dorms which lomctime: ravage thcfe coads. This happy (ituation of New- York will explain the caufes why the En- gli(h give it the prefirenre over the other parts of America Being ti.e gfat market for Connetlicut and Npw-|erfey, it pours in upon thofc dates the produflioiis of the Kad-Indies, and of F.urope. It is diHicult to obtain an account of the exportaiions and importations of this date. The Englilh have a groat prcdilcrtion f.)r this city, and for its produc- tions; thus its port is always covered with Englilh fliips. They j)refer even its wheat; f.) that the American merchants bring wheat from Virginia, and fell it for that of New-York. The prcfencc of Congrefs with the diplomatic body and the oncoiirle of drangcrs, contributes much to extend here the ravages of luxury. I'hc iiiliahitants are far fiom complaining at it; they pre- fer ilie fplendour of wealth, and the fhow of cnjoy- tncnt, to the (iinplicity ol manners, and the , arc pl.-aftires rcfiiiliiig from it. The ufagc of friioking has not difappearcd in this town, with the other riidoms of their fathers, tlie Dutch. They fmokc cigars, which come from the Spanidi idands. 'I'hcy are leaves of tobacci>, rolled in form of a tube, of (i:; indies long, which are linol ed without the aid of any iiillrument. The great commerce of this city, and the facility of living here, augments the popu- liii'jn of the (late with great rapididity. In 1773, liicv reckoned 148,124 whites; in 1786, the number wj* 219,996. II'ili ic i-i a town on the American continent wlicrc I'l- r.nglilli luxury difplaysits follies, it is N'cw-York. Here one r ay find the Kiiglifli falhions. In the drefs of the women, mav be (een the mod brilliant (ilks, ■; iii,'e<, hats, and borrowed hair. Equipages are lire; but ihev are elegant. The men have more liinplicity in their drefs ; they difdain gewgaws, but tlicv take their revenge in the luxury of the table. Luxury forms already, in this town, a clafsof men very dangerous in fociety ; to wit, bachelors. The ixpcticc of women caufes matrimony 10 be dreaded by men. tea forms, as in F.rgland, the ba(is of the princi- pil panics of pleai'urc. Fruits, though more attended to in tins date, are far from pofl'cmii;; the beauty and goodnefs of thofc of J>;urope. I have (een tree, in September, loaded at once with apples and with (lowers. The bank of New-York eiijoy.s a good reputation, and is well coiui ..'ted. It receives and pays without reward, for merchants and others who choofe to open an account with it. There is an abundance of excellent provifions m New-York; vegetables, lledi, and efpccially fifii. U is diflicult to unite fo many r.dvantages in one place. Provifions are dearer at New-York, than in any other of the northern or middle dates. Many things, efpecially thofc of luxury, arc alfo dear. \ hair- dre(rer adj } vKW COLLECTION op VOYAGES and TRAVELS. M !)■'•: V/AliVII.LK left liollon ihc feco-iid of • (Id'i'ocr, ylicr dinner, wiih Mr. JJarrci. Tlic) Ikp: at Salem, fifaiMi niilcs froii) Uolton j an cxcclliMt gravelly road, bordered with woods and meadows. This roiid paircsthe Iiml- hridge of Maiden, and the town of Linn, remarkable for the manufac- ture of women's Ihoer. U is ealculalud that more than an hundicd thoiifand pairs arc annually exported from this town. At XrHdiii", not far from Ljnii, is a (iinilar manulaflarc ofmi:n's fliocs. In p.iiiiiig It) Bcvcrlev, they crolfed another excel- lent wooden l)ridt;e. It is over a creek near a mile wide. 1 he coiilliuilion of this bridge, and the celerity with which it vas built, give a lively idea of the activity and indiidry ot the inhabitants of Malfacl.uletts. It coll but three ihoufand pounds; the toll I'.ir a hoi lb and carriage is eight-pence j tha opening in the middle for the pafl'.ii^c of vellels, is of a liniplcr mechanitin than that ut Charlea-Towil. On th.e r )ad to ikvciley, iliey (aw a (louriihing mat iiulaRure of cotton. At Londonderry, a town chiefly iidiabitcd jjy Irith, is a coiilidcrahle n.aiml.itinrc i>f linen. They dined at Newberry. f his would be one of the bell ports in the United-States, wcie it not for a dangcrouii bar at the entrance. 'Ilie bn(inelii of (liip-buiiding has much declined here. In, the year ijji ninety vcf- lels were built here, in i;d8i;nly three. Thi» tov;n Hands at the month of the fine river Marrimak, aboundin;; in lifli of dilFeicnt kinds. It is ahout twciitv lour miles of fine road from Ni wherry to Porilinonth, the capital of Ncw-Hamp- fliire. There is little appearance of adivity in this town. A thin population, many houlcs in ruini, women and children in rags; every thing announfcs decliiie. Vet theie arc elegant houlcs and feme commerce. Portrniouth is on ;hc Pif<:^iaw^y,a rapid and deep river, ich never freezes till four miles above the town. I his was formerly one oi the grcaieil markets for fhiptimber. Every thing \n this town is commerce and fliip-buildiiig. They left Portfmoiiih on Sunday, and canje to dine at Mr. IJnIton's, live milv.s from Newberry, on the Marrimak : this is one of the finell lituations that can be imagined. It prefciits an agreeable profpctt ol I'eveii leagues. 'J'his farm is extremel)' Nvell arranged; our hero faw on it thirty cows, imiubers of Iheep, lie. and a well (urnifhod garden. J he Americans arc not accuftomed logiand feaftsi the) treat lliangcrs a tiicy tiejt thcmlehc* every day, and they live will. They fay they arc not anxious to ftai ve tlicmltlv.'s tiic week, m order lo gormandile on Sunday. I'rom this they proceeded to Andi/vcr. 'I he iinporiations into ihe Unitcd-Siateshavc much increafed lince the peace. Among the principal ma- niir.ithiics and cxportaiiunj, arc (hip-biiil'lin;j, flour, rice, tobacco, manufacture^ in woollci), linen, hemp, ami cotton; tl.c iillicriis, oils, forge, and the dif- iLrent articks in iron and Heel; inltruments of agri- culture, nails, leather, and the numeroui ubjedii iti which ihcy are cniphvyrd ; paper, pallebiMrd, parch- ment, printing, pot-afb, peari-alh, hats (jf all (jua!itic«, fliip-iimher, and other wood of conflrnciioii j cabi- jiet-wcik, cordage, cables, carriages, works in brafs, copper, and lead; glals orUiilercut kind; ; giinpow* ilei, ciiccfc, butler, calicoes, printed liiicn, indigo, JiiiS &c. Sliip-hiiildii;g is pi)e of tlm moll prohi- able branches of bulinels in .'\mcrica. They built (hips here before the warj but they were not permit^ ted to maniir.ii.hirc the articles ncccd.iry to equip them; every ariicle is now made in the country. Breweries aut^mciit every where, and take place of the fatal dillilKiies. '('here are iiolefsthan fourteen good breweries m I'hilad Iphia. The inf.int woollen maMuhifJory at Hattlwiil, lioni S(:|itinil)ei 178810 Septiiiihcr 17S0, give about live Jioulaiul yardo of cloth, fime of which (ills at .•; dollars a yard; another at Watertown, in Malfichiiretis, proniilcs etpial (iic- ccfs, and engage* the farmers 10 raullii'iy their (heep.. Cotton fiiceeds equally well. The fpilining ma. chines of .'Vrkwright ate well known here, and ate madi' in the country. Peiiniyivania, \'ew- Jerfey, and Delaware, make annually three hundred and (iliy tons of Heel, and lix hundred toiis of nails and nail rods. I'hcfe arii. cles arc already exported fnim America; as are machines for cdiding wool andiotioii, particularly common cards, which are cheaper than the Englini, and of a fuperior quality. In theic three dates are fixty-tbree paper mills, which manufadurc aniuMlly to the amount of 250,000 dollars. The (late of Conneflicut lal) year made live ihoufand rcaiii5, which might be worth nine thoufand dollars. The prodigious confumption of all kinds of glafs, multiplies thcellabltflimeiit of glafs works. The one on the Potowmack employs live hundred perfons. They have begun with fuccefs at Philadelphia, the printing of calicoes, cotton, and linen. Sugar- Kefiners are increafing every where. In pennfyl- vania are twenty-one powder mills, which are (up- pofed to produce annually 625 tons of gunpowder. Among the principal articles of e.x[ior atioa arc wheal and (lour. In treating of the AVedern territory our author obferves, that at the foot of the Alleganic;:, whoic fummits, however, do not threaten the lieavi;iu, :ike thole of the Andes ai'd the Alps, begins jiv unnif nl.: plain, interfered with hills of a gentle akent, and watered every where with dreams of all fi/es; the foil is from three to fevcn feet deep, and of an aflonifhing fertility: it is proper i >r evtiy kind of culture, and it multiplies cattle "liuol ^Mhout the care of man. It is there that tliofe cftablih: u. ^-y,. I'ormcd, whofe profperiiy allrafls fo many tmigiantj; fuch as Kentucky, t'rankland, Cumberland, lloKlon, Mul- kingum, and Scioto. The olued and moll liourdh- ing of thcle is Kentucky, which began in »77,5, had eight ihouland inhabiiarus in 1782, hfiy thoulaiid in 1787, and fcveniy thoufand in 179O. It will fou.i be a date. Cumberland, fituated in the neighbourhood of Kentucky, contains 8000 inhabitants, Holitoii 50CC, and l''ra>ikland i^,0^o. It appears that Kentucky will preferve its advantage over the other fcttlemcnts on the louth; its territory is more cxtenfiv; , its foil more fertile, and its inhabitants more numerous : it is fituated on the Ohio, navigable at almod all I'ea- fonst this lad advantage is equally enjoyed by the two fettlcmetits hereafter mentioned. The cdablilhment at the Munvingum was formed in 1788 by a number of emigrants from New- Knghti belonging to the Ohio-Company. The Mulki '«» i« a river which falls into the Ohio from the \''(. Thcfe people have an excellent foil, and every pii.1- peft of fuccefs. From thefc proprietors is formed another alfoci- atioii, whole name is that of the Scioio-Company ; a n«me taken from a river, wlrich after having travi rhil the two millitms of acres which they pollcfs, falK into the Ohio- This fcltlcment would foon rile to a high degree of profperity, if the piopcr cautums were taken in the embarkation, and the necelfan means employed to folacc ihcm, and to prepare tlicm for a kind of life fo different from that to whivh tlay arc accudomcd. The revolution in the American govertm;. vd!. . doubtlels, be beneficial to the lavages; (<•; ■ government tends cH'cntially to peace. Hut . * rapid incrcafe of popiilaiii'ii mull iircelfaiily be the confequcnce of its operations, the lavages mud eiili r blend with the Americat.i, or a thoufand caufes wilt fpcedily .Tnnihilatc that rive (if men. There is iiotiiing it IV: >, that the danger from the lavages will ever arred the ardour of the Americans for extending their feilleiticnis. They all cxpetl that the navigation of the Millillippi becoming free, will foon open 10 them the maikeis of the idand.s, and the Spanilh colonics, for the produfliotis with which their ELS. The fpinning ma. nowu here, and arc iid Delaware, make y tons of llecl, and I rods. Thcfc arii- II America; as are (Olloii, particularly er (lull) ilic Englifli, liele ihrce dates are anufaclurc aniiu.illy liars. 'I'hc ll.ue of •e iboiit.iiid rcaiii5, fand dollars. of all kinds ofglafs, ifs works. The one e hundred pcrfons. it I'liiladelpliia, th>,- ml linen. Suv;;n- here. In i'otinr)!- Ils, which are fup- luns of giiiipejwder. .>f c.xpov atioii arc crritory our author ; Alleganic.':, whole en the lieavL-n.-, :ikc begins an, unnirnii: gentle akcnt, and us of all fi/c-.; the el deep, and of an r f ;r i;V( ly kind of dntol ^Mhoui il.c ; I . : u. Oi.. I'ormcd, cniigia>itt ; fuch as md, HoKlon, Muf- l and mud llourilil- began in »77,5, had i;^, fifty thoulaiid in 71^0. It uill fou:i neigbliourhood of ants, HoKtoii 5CCC, ■ars that Kentucky he other feillemcnis re cxtcnfivi', its foil more numerous : it e at almolt all lea- jually enjoyed by mentioned. 'i'hc ^as formed in 1788.. m. ',{ '.'I , il i'i;J |.|,| 'Il '««. M. BRISSOT DF. WARVILLE'S TRAVELS in AMERICA. 787 llicir country overflows. But tl.c t]iicnion to he folvcd is, wlifilicr ilie Spaniards will open this navi- gaiioii willingly, or wlicilur ilic ,\nifiica(i,s will force it. A kind ol iR:;otiati()n I'.as hctn cariicd on, without illctl for four years; and it is fuppol'td, that tertaiii Italcs, fearinj^ to lofe their inliahitants by einigraiioM to the Wed, liavc, in concert with the Spaiiilii niiniiler, oppolcd 11 ; and that this concert g.ive n!e to a propoliiion, that Spain (hoiild (Init up the navigation for twenty-five years, on condition that the Americans fliould have a free commerce, with Spain. Virginia and Mar) land, though they had more to fear from this emigration than the other Hates, were oppol'ed to this prupofition, as deroga- tory to ihc honour of the L'niicd-Staics; and a ma- jority of Congrcfs adopted the fentiment. A degree of diihdencc, which ihc inhabitants of the Well have fiicwn relative 10 the fecret defigns of Congrefs, has induced many people to believe, that the union would not cxilt a long lime between the old and new dates j and this probability of a rupture (hey fay, is llrengihened by fomc endeavours of tiie Knglilh in Canada, to attach the Wellern feltlcrs to llie l-^lnglifh governui.nl. Our author is however induced 10 believe, that (he prefeni union will for ever liihlill. A great part of the property of the Wellern land belongs to people of ihe EaQ ; (he iniceafmg emigraiicms fervij perpetually to (hengthen (heir connexion s ; ajid as i( is for the inttrell botii of the Eall and Welt, to open an e.\(ei five commerce with South- Anuria, and 10 overleap (he Miflidippi ; tliey mud, and wi;!, rcniain united for the aecomplidiment of this objeCl, 'I he Wellern inliabiiatits are convincid il'.a( (hi.< navigation cannot remain a long (ime clofed. I licv are determined (o open it by good will or by force ; and it would not be in the power of t^tjiigiefs to moderate (heir ard ur. Men who are maders of ihp Ohio and the MilFilfippi, eanno( conceive tl.at th^ infolcncc of a handlul of Spaniards can think of fliutting rivers and feas againd a hundred thouland free Americans. 'Ihe flighted quairel will be fuf- ficient to throw them into a flame; ai d if ever idc Americans (hall march towards New Orleans, it will infallibly fall into their hands In order to avert the cfFeCls of this entcrprizinjj cbaratlcr of the free .Vinericans, the Spaniili gowrn- mcnt has adopted the pitiful prnjett of aiiiatting them to a fettlcmont op (he well of the Milfillippi, and by granting to thofe who fluill enahhOi ihcm- felves there, the exclufivc right of trading to New Orleans. This colony is ihc lird foiindaiion of the conqueR of Louifmo?, and yf liic civiiizatioji qf Mexico and ?eru, y.r- ,. , ill :^l C H A P. VI. A 'Journey /» M^unt I'frnnn in yir^iniit — Pfptirlmr from Philadelphia — loniitf of ChrJIt'r, U^ilminf/on, and Bni'iJnvini — C.briflim- ■ liridgf — hcrry of Hufqticbannab — Havre de (.irace — Iialiimor(rT~/lu-xaitdria — liruflio-j.-n—' Bhui<>ijhiiiy — Cf.rj^r-Towii — Arriv.il at Mount I'linon, ibe Seat of General Washington — Rriurn lo Alcxan.tria — Ul-tin-ationi on Maryland and yirginia—lobacco af yiij^inia, and the lUacio Nulet — Ibe Galley of SbcnaJore — Hemarks — Lonclujion. ON (he i5ih of November 1788, M. de War- ville**fpt out from Philadelphia for Wiln',ing(on, didancc tweniyright miles, and road tolerably good. The town of ("heller, fificeii miles from Philadelphia, in a place where draiicjers like (o red. It (lands on a creek, which falls into the Delaware. It enjoys fome commerce, and the taverns here are good. Wilmingion, which is a liandfomc well-built town, It much more confiderablc ; it (lands likewife on a rrcck near the Delaware ; the bafis of its commerce is (he exportation of (lour. It is about one mile's didancc from the town of Urandywinc. This town is famou>i for v(.s fine mills. At iiinc rniles from Wilmington, our traveller pad'eil Chriftine-Bridqe, a place of fome comnjercc. From (hence to the head of Klk, there are but few plantations; he palled through eight miles of woods, only meeting with a few loghoufes, till he arrived at llcnderron's tavern, a very good inn, alone in the iiiidd of vad foreds. It is iwen(y-two miles from (hence (o (he ferry of the Sul'queliannah. The town here is called Havre de Cirare, a name given it by a IreiieiMnan who laid the foundation of the town. It is at prelect an irregular mafs of about 150 lioufes; but there is no doubt, when the entrance (if (he river (hall be rendered navigable, but this will be an intcreftlng (ituation, and a populous town. From thence to Bahimorc arc reckoned fiK(y miles. the r(>3d in general is IVighiful, it is over a clay toil, full of deep ruis, always in the midd of foreds ; Ireipicnily ohdiutted by trees overfet by the wind, wliuh ohlij'/d (hem (o feck a new padage among (he woods. Our auiluir caiuini conceive why (ho (higc (Iocs lint often ovcrlet. Both the drivers and their hoifes dil'cover grea'. (kill and dexterity, being ac- ciidoined (o thefe roads. Some vad fields of Indian corn, hut bad cultiva- tion, pale faces worn by (he fever and ague, naked ri'groes, and miferablc huts, are the mod driking images odorcd tothe<'yc o( the (ravellerin Maryland. They anived at llaltimore in (he night. It coi - tiins near two thoulaiiU houles, «iid I'vutteen ihoufand inhabitants. It is irregularly built, and on land but liiile elevated above the lurface of Paiaplco-Bay, on the North of which it forms a erf fccnt. The bay is not (uflicicntly deep to receive the larged (hips; they anchor near Fell'i-Point, two miles from the centre of the town. There are dill Hagnant waters in the town ; few of the ftrccts are paved ; and (he great quantities of mud after rain, announce that the air mud be unliealthful. Baltimore was but a village before the war; but during that period, a confiderablc portion of the commerce of Philadelphi« was removed lothis place. The greated (hips come as far as here, and can go no further ; vad quantities of provifions delcend the Sufquchannah, and when that river (hall be naviga- ble, Baltimore mud be a very confidcrable port. rhey left ]5altimore for Alexandria at four in the morning ; dillant about (ixty miles, bad roads, a rude waggon, excellent horfcs, (killul condutlors, poor cultivation, mil'ciable liuis, and miferable negroes. M. de Warville faw OruHitown, a new village that the State of Maryland has pointed out for the feat of a college. This edifice is nearly complc(ed ; it is on an eminence, and enjoyn a good air. They breakfaded in this village, and dined at Bladenfbury, (ixteen miles from Alexandria. It is liiuatcd on a little river, which difcharges into the Po(ow[nack, and which admi(s hatcaus of twenty or thirty tons. They could lind nothing (o diink, but brandy or rum ■nixed with water. In countries cultivated by (laves, there is no indudry and no domcdic ceconomy. The people know not the advantage of making beer or cyder on their farms. George-Town terminates the State of Maryland: it overlooks the Poiowmack, has an agreeable (itua- tion, and a confidcrable commerce. Regtdations and impofts, incon(i(lera(ely laid on commerce by the Slate of Virginia, have banilhrd to r,eorge-Town a condderable pari of the commeice of Alexandria. This place is eight miles below Geotge-'I'own, on the oppodte fide of the Potowinack. Alexandria im I, i| 788 NKW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ''■'H:, '(•■V il'f' li.is p,rown from nolliiin; to its prcfcnt li/c witliiii tliclc foriv years. It is not fo coiilidcrablc as Balii- inorc, wliitli it oiir'it to (urpals. It is atmoll as irregular and a' ''cllitiitc oF pavcmcnis. Tlicro is here a greater jiaiadc ol'li. -.iiry ; but it is a miCerable luxury i fcrvanis wiili (ilk (lockings in boots, women elegantly drc(T( d, and their heads adorned with fea- thers. The inhabitants, at the clofe of the war, imagined that every natural circuinltancc confpircd to rei;der it a great i uinrnvrcial town, — the falubrity of the air, the prormidiiy of the river admitting the lari;e(l (liips to anchor near the quay, an immenl'e extent of i)aek country, frrtiie and abounding in pro- vifions. They have therefore built on every (ide, commodious liore-honfcs and elegant wharfs. Our traveller made hade to arrive at Mount \'cr- non, tlie feat of (Jeneral Walhington, ten miles below Alexandria on the fame river. On this route there is a coi.lidcrable wood, and after having palfed over two hilis, M. de U'arvillc difcovered a country- hoiilc of an elegant and majedic (implicity. It is preceded bv grals plats; on one fnlc of the avenue arc the (lables, on the other a grcen-houfe, and houfes for a r.uniber of negro mechanics. In a I'pa- cious back yard are lurkies, geele, and other poultry. This boule overlooks the Potowmack, enjoy.s an cxtenfive profpett, has a vaft and elevated portico on the front next the river, and a convenient dillri- bution of the apartments within. After pafPrng three days in the houfe of General Walhington, who loaded our traveller with kindncfs, and gave him much information relative to the late war, and the prefent lituation of the United-Slates, he returned to Alexandria. The Bay of Cbtlapcak divides Maryland into two pans, nearly equal. The weftern divifion is the mod peopled. Nuineroiis bays and navigable-rivers render this (late fingularly comniodu>us for com- merce. Cotton is here cultivuicd, as in Virginia; but little care is taken to pcrfcft either its culture or its manu'°a£lure. There arc excellent lands in thefe two ftates ; but they have very few good meadow.s, though thefe might be made in abundance. For want of attention and labour, the inhabitants tuake but little hay; and what they have is not good. '1 luy jikcwife iiegleck the cultivation of potatoes, carrots, and turnips, for their cattle, of which their neigh- bours of the north make great u!'e. 'I'lieir cattle are left without fhelter in winter, and nourillicd wiili the tops of Indian com. Dl'confcquenee many of iIki:i die with cold and hunger; and tiiole that Inrvive tiie winter, arc milcrably meagre. riiey have mucli perfected in tliis country the Englilli method of inoculation for the Ini.ill-pox. In the manner pratliled here, it h ■■(• v little dangerous. Whoever inoculates in \'irginia, i.> ., 'ligcd, by law, tu give infurmatiuii to his neighbours within the (pace of tn>) miles. '1 he population atigmcnt.s every where in thefe Rates, notwitiiltanJing the great emigration to the C")hio. The liorl'es ol \'irginia arc, without contra- diction, the (inell in the country ; but ihey bear double the price of thofe in the northern dates. The praftice of races, borrowed from the Englifh by the \'irginians, is fallen into dif'ufe. The places renowned for this bulincis are all abandoned. The towns in Virginia are but linall; this may be faid even of Richmond with its c^ipitol. This capi- (ol turns the heads of the \'irginiansj they imagine, that from this, like the old Romans, they fliall one day give law to the whole N'orth. There is a glall; manufaQory forty miles from Alcxandiia, which exported lad year to the amount often thoulaiui pounds in glals : and notwilhdandiiig the general cliarader of indolence in this date, the famous canal of the Potowmack advances with rapi- dity. Crimes are more frequent in Virginia than in the northern dates. I'orter, wine, and every article, bear an excclTivc price here. Virginia has public magazines, where the tobacco is depofiud. Inl'iHi'lors arc iipp'iinlfd to lake cliar^'j of iIkIv- niaga/iiies, and inCpeit the quality of ihr tobacco; which, if merchanlablc, is received, and the proprietor is fiirnilhed with a note for the (ju.m. tity bv him depolited. Tliis note ciiculaifs freelv in the date, acconling to the known value of the lobacid. The price is dideiei'l, according to the pliicewliere it is inlpertcd. The following places arc ranked accord- ing to the rigidity of the inlpetlion : HanoverCouii, Pittfburg, Richmond, Cabin-Point. Mhen the to!),K- co is worth 'i\tcen (hillings at Richmond, it i^ \\(Mi!i twenty-one at Hanover-Court. The tobacco tr.ivel, to one place or the other, according to its qualii\' , and if it is refiifed at all places, it is exported \a eoi - trahand to the idands, or ctnifumed in the counir.. There arc two cuttings in a year t)f this cro|) ; tlic fird only is prerented for iiil'petlion, the (econd con. fumed in the country or fmiiggled to the ill onU. As Virginia produces about eighty thouland lin;;r. heads, there circulates in the d.ue about eight l;i:ii. drcd thouCand pounds in thefe notes; this is the le ik'n why the Virginians have n;it nctd of a great qnamiiv of circulating fpecic, nor of (d). per coin. The rapid circulation of this tobacco-money (iipplies theii plate. This icarcity, however, of (inall money, (nbjttt. the people to great inconveniences, and has given i iic to a pernicious prafcluc of cutting pieces of (iIwm coin into haU'es and quarters; a lourcc of inaiiv little knaveries. .\ perfon cuts a doll.ir into chrto pieces, keeps tie middle piece, and palles the oil u two for half dollars. 'I'he perfon who reccivi ■, il'.i |r without •.veigluiig, lofes the didereiu e, and the e;; who lakes them by weight, makes a fraudulent pn.lii by giving ihein aj^.iin at tlicir pietendcd value; ai.J ib the cheat goes round. But notwiihllanding this pitiful refource of (uiiiih^ the (ilver, focieiy (nircrs a real iiqury for want oi u plentiful copper coin ; it is calculated, that in il.e towns the fmali expenccs of a (amily are doulikd, on account of the impodibility of (iiiding (mall cliaii.;-., !t (hews a driking want of order in the govcrnmcm, and increafes the mdeiy of the poor. Though toii.H-- co exhauds the land to a prodigious degree, lix proprietors take no pains to rcllore its vigor ; tluy take what the foil will give, and abandon it when it gives no limger. They like better to clear new lands, than to regenerate the old. Yet tliele ah.ir- doiied lands would dill be fertile, if they were pro- perly manured and cultivated. The \'irginians i.iko III) tobacco in fubdance, cither in the nole or nu.iiili; lonie of them (inoke, but ihisprafticc is not lb gene- ral among them as in the Carolinas. 'I I.e Americans widi for the free commerce ef tobacco with F'rancc; and they complain much of the monopoly of the farmers-general. If this moiui- jioly were renioved, and the tobacco fubjetied oii!y to a (mall duty on importation into France, ii.erc n no doabt hut that the .\meriians would give il.o French a (hare of thofe immcnle quantities wiili which they inundate Europe. They are mow caii:ul chicdy to England; where about the tenth pan u confumed, and the reft is exported. England \ !1 prevent the .Americans from giving the pn I'erence u> France. It amounts to fifteen pence deiliiig on tl.i- pound. Though England conlumes little loliacco, (he draws from it a revenue ol Goo.oco pounds lie:- ling. The llaie of the finances of that iIIjiuI, wiil not admit of her diminifliin:; this duty in older to rival France. The great confnniiiiion of tob.icco in all coiiiiti.cs, and the prohibitive regnlaiinns of ahuod all i;ovoin- ments, may engage the Ainerieans lo continue thi* culture; for as they can (iiinifh it at a low price, a« they navigate at a linall expi nee, as tio people equal them in enterpi i/.e and indiilti) , they m ly undertake to furnidi the whole earth. .Spain, for iiidance, will douhili Is b-conie n tnar- kct for lliein. A lefpeClable author makes the rcvcnut" »!:' AVELS. M. LRISSOT 1)K ^\'ARVILL^.'S TRAVELS in AMKRK'A. -s- ') iipiviitilf (1 to l;tlc her in the nol'e or iiu.iiili; $ prafticc is not fo gent- Tolinas. r the free commerce ef they complain niuci) of i-gencral. If this iiuinu- e tobacco fubjctied oii!y on iiui) France, iiierc is icriians would i;ive tl'.o uiincnfe qiiaiililies willi . 'I'hey are now eatiiul about the tenth pan is xpoitcd. Eii;.;iaiid pi)S landr/e. nglaiid on tobacco, w:!l I givinj; tiie |)rel'eieiice 111 ;cii pence (letliin^ on tiu* coiifunies litile tobacco, of Goo.oco pounds Her- nees of thai liUnd, will v.^ liiis duty in older to tobacco in all coiinli.cs, :111s of alnioll all ,;<'vorii- i-nealis lo continue tliis iiilli it at a low price, a« II lice, as no people eqiiul Illy, tlicy iniy undertake loubibfs buconie a irn- able author makes the revenue revenue whieh the l.iii^ draws from llils article, ainuunt to twenty millions of livres (/,"H:j3,3;j ''' (hrliiit;). The greater jiaft of this tohacc(j is bioiigln from liialil by the rorlU'.;iiel'e, lolil to the kin;^' at hvipencc lli'ilini; the pound, and then fold by hiin at ei^lit (hillings and fouipencc. At the expiration of the prefeni eoiitracl, the fame author oblerv e.s, the Anu'ricaiu will oiler a more adv.intac^eous one, and it is laid they will have the prefeieiire. 'I'his high price encourages a eonrulerable contra- hand in Sp.iin, though intcrflK.!cd by the pains of de:uh. I he law is loo rigid to I.e < \ecuti d. '1 he to,)ateo of the Milhllippi and the Ohio will, doubdefs, one d.iy furiiilh the greater part of the confumptioii of ."Spain as well .IS of France. For it is proved, by thole who know the fccrets of the farm, that the coiifumpiion of the 1 itier aiiioutits to more tliaii thirty millions of poinids aiinii;'.!!) , inllead of lifteen, as we h.ivc been iiiadi to believe. M. (I.- U'.irville propod-d, on <|iiiiting .\le.\nndiia, to vilii tliat cbarinnig vallev, willied by tlic Sheiia- dore. From thence be inteiukil to return by the vale of Fancallei-, and pay his rel'puls to the virtu- ous MinaMaus. Uiii the Ue\ol!nioii in France hallcncd his return, and obliged hiiii to decline the grea'er part of bis intentions. The \'alley of Sheiiadore, which lies bdwcon l!ie fonih mountain and thenonb, or eiuili Is inountaiii, is from thiilv to forty miles wide; chalky bottom, a fertile loil, and a gooil air. 'I bis fiuiation oileii abnoll ,ill the advantages of the wellern coiii,ti\, witlioul ils inconveniiiues. It is .iliiioll in ilie ccii- lie of the I'l 'ted States, and has nothing lo fear horn foreign enemiis. It Iks be!w;-eii two coiiliiii lable rivers, which fall into the tbelapeak; and though the navigation of tbefe rivers is interrupted for the prefcnt, )et there is no d.nibt, from the piogrels (,f the works on the I'olowmack, that this iiicoiivcni- eiice will foon be removed. 'I'he price of finds liere, as elfeuhere, vanes according to their it does i\<.A exceed a lieiiny in the pound of ihe i liiinaiion ; and th.e e(li- niation is much under the value ol the kinds. There is much irregulaiity in the land tax, as kkewife u\ the capiiation, or poll tax; but one thing pleafcd cnir author much — lh..t Lachclors p.:y mine il'.aii married men. No fea is impenetrable to the navigating genius of the .Americans. Their (lag is ever) wl ere tlifpl.iycd; they are contiiuially exploring ill.nuls, ilu,l_\ing their wants, and icturnii^g to lupply them. 'The .Ameiicans have already made a coiifulerable commerce on the coall of .N'ootka-Sinind, in furs and pilliy. 'Tl'.ey weie there tiading in the year 1 jSy, in good intelligence with hctli parlies. In the lame\c.ir, to Ids than fort\-four vdlcls were lent lioin the fiMgle town of Uolton to the north-well of America, to India, audio China. They bound riot their hcjies here : they c.xpctf, one day, to open .1 communication moie dirctt 10 N'ooika-.Souiid. It is probable ihat this place is not lar from the head waters of t!ie .Mifiillippi ; which the American.s w ill loon navigate toils hance, when they Ihall begin to people Louiliana and liie interior of .\e\v Mexico. [ l.rvitil^ i:c:v comp'elcd thr f revels cf N!. Hkissot UK Wakvii le ill ,AMt«ie.\, iiiul iti\ii'irii bis O.'fer- vations on ibe Us 1 rt - S r.xrrs mere ciimiid and iiiip.:rli.i! ib.iii tbrv hnir bitbrrlo ..ppcarrJ, by fxpri>:gii!^ ill! ibr/i- jul/muc Comp:im,;its inut uiiiu-tY/Kiry J.'!ii/!o::s vi/h ubiili bis ozvii Accoiiiil' 1 rr iiilcruiuUd, aud irS/i- fyiir^ Hu.iiy Emrs ic::iinillcd tbr(,irj^b ibe biirry of Compo- fiioii ; Tccfliiiiliiiivpro,i^, tb.:t ivbik'xe pre/,rie our ti/iied /hninuy and Sp:n'i, liejhall J.'ii! yiU:;ii lie pnft nme and altenii-,ii ;/ \ [5,:/: i; r 1 .'V .}. If! I;! I j< t ■I / -il o:ir >iitmer.':is Rerden and Sn' riUrs. A NEW, ^-S^^ S^"!^^^ A NEW, GENUINE, akd COMPLETE HISTORY OF Voyages & Travels: Uiidciiaken and Performed in the Years 17^2 and 1793, By Lord M AC ARTN E Y and his Suite, IN CONSEQ.UENCE OF His LORDSHIP'S EMBASSY to CHINA. Containing an Interesting Narrative of all the Chinese Customs, Entertainments, &c. with Accurate Observations of the feveral Remarkable Islands they paffed. Including many New and Entertaining Anecdotes of Tchikn I.oong, tl;c prtfcni Kriiijujor ut Ciun/», and inlcrrpcrfid with leveral other Curious Relations. =i...-..t= CHAPTER I. Lord Macartney einJ Suite embark en hard tic lion — Part Ctvipatiy with the JackaU-^Piifs the Dr/jri- IJlanJ, i^c. — Anchor in Fiimbal-Rtiy — Dcftriplion of hun.hu: and Madeira — Difarlure — An Atlrmpt to r(,ub the Peat of Teneriffr — Anchor in liij-Jannri- Harbour — A cereinamal ViJ'.t to the Viceroy — Purfut tbrtr I'eyaj^f— Di/cezrr the fjle of Amjlcrdam — An their difpofiiion, and attentive 10 Itranncrs. Madeira, an idand, is extiemcly uiouiiiamnus , but the views are beautifully romantic ; and vcrdurt and fertility cover the mod unpromiling (itiiaiions. They took their leave of Madeira on the 181I10I Ortober, and on the a ill anchored in Santa-Ciii/- Bay, in the i(lc of Tenerifte. ihis idand, in eximi, riches, and population, is the mod confider.iljle il thole known by the general appellation of die Ca- naries. The town of Santa-Cruz is pretty large, well built, and populous, and is defended bv two forts, which alio con'inaiid the bay. The Peak cit Tenerilfe is well known to be one of the highclt mountains i;i the world ; and it prefenis a nuiiilitr oi objedts which the euriciiis inquirer into iiaiuic can never cealc to contemplate with admiration. It riles in the centre of the idand, and its alcent from S.inia- Cruz niiiV he about twenty miles. Some (?l iHi; principal gentlemen of the cmbally, with attendanif, rcfolved to vilit the Peak. They (ei out on the morning of the a4ih, prcpard and equipped for t'le expedition, and furnilhed with guides , I vels : I'f ^^l. 1793. 5 Suite, : H I N A. En TtRTAINMtNTS, sus iIk'v p;'.ffed. 11 Kniptror of Chin a, Ifi-ii' v!! !'! 'ackall^Pj/s the Drfurt- urt — /lit AHfittpt to r<,ub 5V — Purfut tbfir l'oyj:>f— f thfll City — Hii l-oiiU'ip lie tbcir koyaj^e — A lqi K-HRih ipulatioii is very coiilidc- iiiele, nuilattocs, iiej^ioi «, eiina'^cil 111 ilie cimuiicnc t (tern to be rouncous i:i live 10 llrangers. cxtieiiicly iiiouMiaiiious . iy romuniic ; and verdure . iinpromilinn liiuaiions. )f Madeira iS*-: .^^■~ , :a>U \' y 'A >/4>?^ rm The Adamites feized _/ \ LORD MACAR INEY'S EMBASSY to CHINA. -jgi Q )V guides; but afur cMicounifiin^ a lirips of dangcris, muht coii'.liin on, ilicy porlunily of iranfniitting letters to Knuland bv a ^outli-Sea whaler. 1 )eceniber 2, an olhcer was dilpatched to announce t!ie ambaffador's arrival to the viceroy. Being then at Ills eouniry rcfidence, the ulual faluics were liiipeiidedj however, the deputy-viceroy came in It, lie next moniiii^, 10 eoinpliinent Lord .Macartney ; but bis lordlhip bciiif; much indifpoled, was unable 10 receive him in perlon. Sir C.eorge Staunton and ^ir hlrafmii.s (iower, therefore, repreleiited bis ex- cfllenvy on ihis ociafion. I he day following, the dc|iiiiyvii t roy, in llie name of his principal, con- graiiilaird hi\ execllencv the .imb.iliador on bis arri- val, and made a lender uf a houle for his rcfidence durum his iUy. Ha' iiig acitpted this oblifjin)" offer, on the 7th at noon bis lordiliip proeeeded on fhore with the ufual f(irmaliiie!i, and was received with all polFible dif- tinclion by the viceroy, aiiended by bis guard and the moll dillingiiifhed perlons of the place. After taking Ionic refrelhmciit at the viceroy's palace, the ambaffador, and the principal g<793, "> fend out a watering party ; aiici another on natural and pi ilofo- phical reluarches. lioih fchemes weie fiiiltialcd. A heavy gate came on at midniglit, and had not ilic wind providentially eh.niged, at a moment of immi- nent danger, their dellriihion would have been inevitable. During many lucceflive days the weaihcr was generally moderate; a:id a inontb paffed away without their feeing land. On the ifl of February, however, they difcovcred the ifle of Amftcrda;n. They came to an anchor on the Kail fide of this illand ; and found here five feal hunters from ihe Ifle of France, who had niuiually engaged to f'pend eighteen months on this unpro- piiiou.i fpot ; fix were already elapfcd ; and during ibatpeiiod, it lecms, they had killed no fewer than 8000 leals Thefe men, with the uimolt civiliiy, conduded them to a but ihey had built, and lerv( d as their conductors round their ufurped domain. They had formed a path, with incredible lat.niir, over a mounijin, crowned wiih a volcano, which throws out a lublluiicc refeinbling laltpetre. In afcending this p.iih, our adventurers found a fmall Ipring of boiliii;4-hot water, in which fome fill) were perfectly drellcd in a lew minutes. The whole idand, which is abmit eight miles long and fix broad, has a volcanic appearance ; and produces neither tree nor Ihinb. V'afl qiiantiiies of fifh were caught here, and failed for ule ; many Ipecies were very dclicaic, particularly loblters. It being a dirk ni'^ht when they departed, they had an opportunity of contemplating one of the inoil awful fpeclacles in naiiirc. 'Ihe flames of the volcano were feen rifing from fix different openings. Whcilicr this was its ufual appearance, or only one of its occalional eruptions, could not be affirmed. They came in fight of the Trial Rocks on the j8lh. They fcarcely rife above the furface of the deep ; but the waves dafh againll them with fo much impetuofiiy, that they run mountains high. This fortunately marks the fitiiaiion of thefe formidable rocks, and in reality leffcns the danger by magnifying its appearance. Some (hort time after, they entered the Straits of Sunda; and on the 6th of March arrived in the Road of Batavia, where they immediately received the falutcs of all the Englifli fliips, and of one French vcffel. Early next morning, the garrifoii (ircd a falute, which was returned ; and foon after a deputation from the governor-general waited on Ford .Macartney, to invite him on ftiore. His lordiliip landed on the 8th, it being the anniverfary of the birth-day of the Prince of Orange, and a ro)al falute was fired in honour of the day ; afterwards the ambairador.wcnt on fhore, with the ufual ceremonies and attendants. The Royal Batavian Hotel was fixed on for the refidence of the fuite, and in the afternoon the baggage was fafely landed before the door. This hotel is an elegant and fpaeious flruc- ture, and was built at the public cxpence, for the accommodation of occafioiial vifitors of diflintlion. 'Ihe ftyle of living here is expcnfive; European li([ubrs of every defcription being at a very high price; but when it is confidercd that the landlord is obliged to import them from Europe, and pays an annual rent to government of fixty thoufand rix- dollars, it may reafonably be fuppofed, that the profits mufl be great, to counterbalance his ri(k and certain outgoings. The governor-general gave a fplendid entertain- ment to the principal pcrfons in Balavia, at bis country 1: I P »!,■«! •■ ^fa ,\,ii •1 m^^t 79^ NEW COLI.KC llON oi \'()V A(;i:.S .^Nl) T R A \i". L S. m W ciuiiitrv icliilciiic, to wliiili I.onl M.uiiltKV wnit bv iiiviiaiidii. A b.ill and (upper cmirliiikd ilic iVic, and miiili iiiid fclliviiy were proloiigcd bi'vonil dii.- lioiirs i)f' Mi;;lii. n.iiavi.i, ihc oriental cinpniium of the nutcli, is llic piiiicipil cily in llic illiiml of j.iv.i: il i> ainioll (qiiire, (iiiroimdi'd by bi^b wmIIs and >;,iic<, and piolciK'd by forts, wbicb are well mrrilouil. Tbf llrt'L'is art' Ipacimis, and well paved ; ihc buil(liMf;s in giMicral arc uniformly clcgani; and ibroiinh every 111 iiuipil Itrci't runs a canal of ciin(idc'ra!)K- widili, lined iin botb lid^s witli trees of perennial leave.'. In a ilunatc (•> intolerably iioi, ibis furninies an agrce- iilde refrelh'.neni ; but perhaps the (pianiity of ibi'.;- nant or (low niovins; water, thus colleclcd, increales the natnial iid.dnbray of the plaee. Indeed, fo fat.il is ilie elnnale ol Il.itavia to Europeans, ibni leareelv one ill twenty revilit tbeir native land; atid ll.ole u ho efcipc death there, carry with them emaciated forms and debilitated conllituiions to the t;rave. Fro:ii the re^illei.s of the pnMic bolpilal, it appears, that the average luiniber of deaibs, annu.illy, in thii (ingle receptacle of n'.ilery, does not amount to nnieb ie('> than (ivc llioiifand. The population of ISitavia, however, is nevertlielefs very conlidetable j anionnt- in,], at a moderate calculation, to two Irindred tlion- lind lo\it,s, of whom a niij nity are CbiniCc. Thefe ! liieily in!iai>it the (ubnib^ or Cbincle Town, and appear tj be an indullriuiis aiui regular people. Tbey c.iii) on avari.iyof trades .iiid mauufarlures ; for Kuiopeans tbir.k il beneath lliem to engage in me- cb.iiuial operations. 'I'lie M,.l lys are alfo very miiiieroiis in Halavia, and poilel's all llic malignant i]iialities that fo iiiiiveil'ally adhere to that ferocious lace of men. \otbing but conllant Ceveriiy, it is laid, can keep ihem wiibiii the b );inds air of black tlik now lers. He was alfo decorated will) a liUer coij thrown over bis (hou'der, liom wlreh a Imall liag uf (degant workmandiip w.n (iil|)cnd d. In tomiiicn with the led, be wore a luib.in, but no (liocs. lie appeared to be the object of very gieit adoration. Adjoining bis palace, if fo it maybetjibd, (loi.J the temple. F.xternally, ii refemblcd the olhcr build- ings : bill the inlide was .idorned with var'ius militaiy weapons of h urope, particularly fome old (ire arii!>, of which ihey evidcnilv did not know the ul'e, and fecmed 10 coi'lidcr them only as objetts of veiieu- tion. The dileharge if a miifket ag.iiiift a tin-, excited the moll livdy alarm ami idoinibni'nt. 1 I.ey e.igerly examined the pbice where 'he ball enieieil; tbey even connived totxtratt it, ;• hen preleiuid it to each other, with the moll vi notion. A treaty being entered into v ibiel lor a fiipply of bull.ilocs, poultry, and trint, with wliidi he was to furiiilh them the nexi day, our adventuieis were regaled with rice and li(l>. Finding thai cotea nuts would be accrptalde, the chief immedi lely ordered lome to be procured (or them. 1 he dcMc- riiy ihe(e people (hewed ... climbing the trees ilat produced tliem, is artonilhing. On their return f> the (hip, ihey obfervcd caves on the beach \eiy ingenioully conltrufited. rulo-fondore is but thinly peopled The means of fubridenee is dilTicult; and population of couife mull be innuenced thereby. This idand is fubjeit to the king of Cochin-Cbina. On landing next morning, to receive the ftipiilaicd fupply of provibons, ihev found, to their gn.it allonilhmenl, the village delerted, and eveivmove- able carried o(f. A letter in Chincfe i;haratlcr.<, lelt in the hut of the chief, explained the rcalons of ilm fuc'den and iinexp;(led movement. It leems tiiey were apprchenlive r till- whoir lliij) > lie tl'c belt iiii(ii;iiiiii on 'I'll s rl.iy ill ilic ului icil his iiilcniioii of y^o'v where; tliu IIdiioui.iIiIi; ;i liinil.ir littMiioii to hi., MS buried i nil thnt w.m llioii, was of coin Ic ,iiiii. calh |)iit ■,u\ end id il.t afliiij; .1 vaiii'ty ul ili.iiij-, • CdiidoiL'-li.ty, Ni.iv |(). a piriy dI m.iulcini'ii, liiiu lo iiitt'ipixiiTs, Willi xivr-i mot ihcm on liic cedid nil ihiy catnc.ii a I bain'.joi) hlUa ; one of cl.ii'f, wimic aiithiiriiv iiul. l.iko iho nil, \\,i )ainh()o, r.iili'd on i.iir loiiiid. Here wc found liii.i, who wore no ollur aimd tlicir wnilly, iii.d a 'I'hc I hid w,i> liiihitid 1 pair of bi.it'.^ tiik trow ti'd will) a ld\cr coid m\ w'h>cii a (iiicill hin oi' i(')cnd-.(l. Ill tomiium ).in, but no lliocs. Ilc very Rif it aiiir.aioii. it m;iv !)<• ull-d, IKmJ l.inhli'd llic oilier hiiilij. led w .ill var'<.iis miiii.iiv irlv foiiie old liie aiiii^, not know the ui.-, uiid / a< objetls u.s. They vilited the town of Fic-Foo, while they lay here. It is nothing but an affiimblage of "retched bamboo Imis, but it lus a gooi! ii"-»..-ket! and were the indudry of the natives equal to the fertility of the foil, this place would be remarkably abundant. They fccm, however, to have little knowledge of agriculture: they liitjlill therefore chiefly Ort the fponianeous produce of the earth; and make their women a principal branch of their trade. For a certain conlidcra'ion, they are always ready to con- figii them to the fociety <>f F.urnpeans who touch here, without any apparent 'ienfe of impropriety. In one of their excurnoiis to the (bore, they fifw fix elephants performing a vari< ty of unwieldy feats, for the entertainment of the mandarins who had affem- bicd here. The .|th of {une, being his majefty's birth day, was iifiiered In with a I'alute of twcniy-onc guns j the royal flandaid of Oreat-Britain, the St. George's enlign, and the union, were all difplayed at their appropriate ftaiions. In honour of this day. Lord Mac.irtney had fixed his landing. Several mandarins waited his arrival on (hore; and attended him, under an cliori of his own troops, to ihcrtfidence of the prime minillcr. A collation was here provided for him, confiding of all the dainties the country afford- ed; alter partakifrg of which, he returned on board, interchanging mutual civilities with his hofls. Matters thus far proceeded to the (atisfaBion of all parties in ('oi'hin-t'bina ; but the mafter of the Lion, who had gone in the cutter to take foiirxlings in the bay, having unrelletlingly begun to fiirvey the roall, was immediately fei/ed, with feveo men, who accompanii.'d him, and carried prifoners to the capital. When (!;rv HrtI received this difngrecable intelli- gence, the iinprellion it made is noteafily conceived. It was not onlv the danger to which their countrymen had cxpol'ed t-liemfelvcs, that alTctled the embalFy; but as this' kingdom is tributary to China, it was feared, that n reprefentation of this incopfiderate loiiilutt, as to them it might appear criminal, woulo luve uii injurious effort on all their future proceH- iiigs J aii.l that the objf rt fo much at heart — to infpirc conlictence, would be changed into fufpicion and .ilarm. The good offices of the frieiully mandarins \»cre inllantly and carnellly Iblicited. One of the inierprctcrs w.is lent on fhore to promote an inquiry and fiirnifh an explanation; and on the i3'li, they had the happine fs to Oe the mailer and his men return ill lal'eiy, alter on ablcnce of fix days. What they ftiffered during this period of fufpence, cnnot well be dclcribcd. Nothing but a rcl'pert for the country to which they belonged, and a regardarins, however, which lie at a I'mall dillancc from the town, are built of flonc and wood, three florics high, and are adorned with painting, gilding, and pia/.zas. I'hcy appear to contain a confiderablc number of apartments; each palace being furnillicd with projetliiig wings, whicli are generally of varioufly painted wood. Guaids of buih iiiLintry and cavalry attend each mandarin, and environ his palace with thoir tent$. 9 I' One m III: i i-Hi ^i !, *'W 791 NEW COLLECTION ok VOYAGES and IRAVELS. ? !'• One Toliiary fort, confiding of a Tquarc lower, was pr()|)dbly meant fur the defence of the place, as its fif.ution commands tlic entrance of the river j but having ncitlicr ordnance or garrilbn, it ferves rather as an orinment than a l'ectint\-. The river here is of confidcrable breadth, but of final! and unequal depth. Acrofs its entrance runs u banii of Luiii. Tiie Ciir- roiinding country proleius > f!;;; expanio of a ritli foil and great fc-.iiiiy. Curiolity, which iiulucoil vail numbers to crowd the lliorcs, dm mi; tiic liiiij. ing of the cinbaffy, gave them a vciv grand idea uf the population of Mcitow and the environs^ •irV>aejCtefi lliper- intend the progrcls, and provide for ihc accommo- dation of the cmb.'.fly, duriP' us omiiiuiincc in China, began the exercilc of Ins functiuns, by fiir- iiilhlni; our heroes with jtiiiks which were ii> convey thcni to I'cl^in. 'I'he important truft wiih wlnth he was invclled, proved his country's opinion of his abilities to cncciiic it ; and there was every realon to conlirin the favourable decilion it had palled. 'I'his din!iit;nilhcd p'-ilonine was about the midiilc lize, robull, and liiicU' formed. I'he darkncfs of his complexion was relieved bv a let of features exprcf- (ive of intelligence .iiid feeling; and his uiciiiners were at once conciliating and corrccf. I'lonuliis maiuiarin they received, Aiigufl ihc6th, a qiuntlt)' of beef, bread, and (ruit. I he beef was well flavoured, but not very fat. The bread, not being baked in the Kuropean mode, tlioui^li made of excellent flour, was Icfs agrccabh to their tjfle. It was in faft little better than dou^b, bein;; baked without an iiiiermixlnre of yeall, which the Ciiiiiele arc cither unacquainted wiib, or rejed its iile. In flijpe and fi/.e, the loaves rcl'einble a common wafli- batl, divided in two. They arc baked on bars ranged acrofs an iron pan, in which is a certain (juantiiy of waicr, and placed on an earthen ftove. When the water begins to boil, the fleam is confined by a thai- low tub for a few minutes-, and ibu'^ the biilinels ends. This curious method of baking, ;overiied by the lame mo- tives .IS their inferior;', and adoiH eiilloins which I'.iiiopeans woiiUI delpile. On the 7th the liphxlron received orderv to ii-iurn ro (;hul.wi-llarb()ur. and to watt forlciiihcr onleii. Their jnnks arc built of beach wwod ami h niiboo, fl.u boi'.omeil, and ol varii us lizes ; and iicaly a fourth put .IS broad as they are long. On the lirll , foirctiiing lerembling the cover of a l.n >;e culinary vellel; and when llinek with a large mallei, covered with leather, produce a louiid tliat ni.iv be heaiil further ilian the Kuiopiaii liunipel, or bell, in the loom of which ihey aie rublliiuled. This day, with the ulual lupply of provifions, l.ir the firll time, they received a jar of the couiary wine II IT: LORD MACARTNEY'S EMBASSY to CHINA. 795 >t5«\9»t5pOl!^^o^^l^-■^.J<^# )|)ly of pn)VirKin*. Ii'i it ol iliL- country wine'- It it polK'irt'il il Rood bodyt but the taHc van fharp and iin()lc;iriiiil : in colour it rcl'ciiiblcd Lilhon wine. Ill (liina, military honouis are not unknown. In piifTni); li'veral populous towns when; loldicrs were qunilcrcd, tluy were drawn upon the hanks lo re- ceive the ainhad'.idor, while crowds of fpeBators lillcd every aci-eilihie i'poi of view. The uniform of a ("him le I'oldier defcrvcs a delVriplion. It conhds ol'blark nankeen irowfers, over which a kind of cot- ton (li'ckin^s arc drawn. Their (liors, which are alio made ol'coKon, are extremely cluuify, broad at the toied in front wi,') a kind of plaie, faid to be a comp dilion of rii e ; a ppe. and big for tobacco, iiaii>;s fiom t'nis cintlure on one !ide, and a fan on the otlier. Thefe appen- d.ijjes, and » I'upply of tobacco, are allowed by the rnipcror. 1 hey wear iheir fword'. im the left (ide, wuli ihe point forwards. A bow is (lun^ under the left arm, and a quiver on their backs nener.dly con- tains twelve arrows. Many, however, c.irry (ire unns; and tho\iiih it is impofliblc for the Chincle lo Icach Europeans any impruveiiieiits in the arts of il( llrutlion, in the caution they employ to prevent acculenis Willi artillery and mulkeis, tiiey iiiifthi give ijie wiled of us a IcfTun in ihe more commendable art of prclrrvaiion. I he loldier.s have a tufi of hair on the back of their head, which is plaited down the back, and lied ai the cxiremiiv with a ribband. The lell they (liave. 'J'hcy cover their heads with liiallow Itraw hats, bound under the chin, and decorated with a red plume of camel's hair. According to our ideas, little that looks like military enters into, the conipofiiiuii of a Chinefe foldicr's tircls. Their co- louis arc commonly of green filk, edged with red, and painted with charaders in gold. Of thefe thry employ a great luiniber. In laili'-'; up the river, ihey faw numbers of ruQic hahiiaiioiis, chirlly conllruded of mud, with feme fi-w of Hone. The country women, with the curi- idilv iiaiural to their fcx, advanced lo lee lh( ci ifion. 'I'hey Icemed to walk with dilticulty i I I'.irir feet and ancles bound ^iih a red hllet ti cc. t'vir giowth. 'iheir front hair is combed back Oi< ii;c crown of the head, and clubbed, and decorated Willi arwtiiial ilowers and filver pins; the hind hair is ilienbioii^lii up, and fecurcd under the club. Lxcept ill regard lo the decorations of the head and the ban- dages on their feel, the drefj of ihe thincie wcnicn liill'crs but liiile from that of the foldiers. I lie progrels of our adventurers was by no n-.eans rapid ; hut llicy were cvciy uioincm aiiiaded by fome new objects, which prevented ihcir wilh for greater tvpcdiiion. Ill the courie of one day's failing, which cDiild not exceed twrniv-four miles, they padi-d fuch an iiiimeiile number cd junks, and faw fuch crowds of piople, as would almoll exceed belief did they aiteinpi calculation. Independent of the moving kene. ihe river iilelf, fpacioiis and meandering, was a noble object; and ihedivei(ii\ of its banks, andilie views which occ.ilionaily opened over a rich and vaiied country, would have ail'urded a fcope to the limit glowing pencil. On the lOth, for the hrll lime, they faw tlic plan- laiioiis of the lea-tree. This plant, lo injurious to ihc conilituiion, and lo capiivaiing lo the tulle, which, Iroin being originally an iilclils luxury, has now become a necillary in fo maiiv tiuiniries, has been Will dclcriheil by boianills, and a repetition here would be iieedlels. Il ma) be inicflary, however, inohferve ihai il is of a low ii/e, wiih a narrow leaf, loinewliat like iiiyiile. Il was now the fcafon when the iia tr( c was in blollom. I lie blulloms arc picked wlieii young, and niuid wiili ihe ua, lo which ilicy coniniunicaie a more a){iccablc llavuur. Plciuiful as tea appears to be in this province, it is not within the reach of the lower ctaltes, for the Crew of ihe junks were glad to receive the tea leaves, which they dried, and ihen boiled, to procure their favou- rite beverage. Tea is univerf.illy ufed in China without fugar; and as the naiivc<, particularly the lower orders, frequently dry and reboil the Laves for fome weeks fucccfTivcly, ihey unite tecoiiomy with gratification. On the iilh in tbe mnriiing, they approached the city of Tyen-Sing: the banks of the river here prc- I'cnted fields of millet and rice. The number of I'petlators that met them, both in veffels and by land, exceed all calculation. For neailv two miles they obfervcd a range of fait heaps, dilpofcd in columns, and covered wiih matting ; but whether manufadured on the I'poi, or for what piirpofe fuch a prodigious (juantity was colleftcd, they were unable to con- ceive. Their entrance into ihe city was attended with the noife and fliouis of an innumerable multitude of people. Ibis is a very populous and extenfive place. The hollies are built of brick, and are in general two (lories high, covered with tiles: but the want of regularity offends the eye j and the flreets are fo uncommonly narrow, ihat no more than two perfons can walk abrcall at once. I'he ambalfador, who was received wiih military honours, went foon after their arrival, in full form to viht the chief mandarin. His palace is large and lofty, palifadocd in front, gilt and painted in a very fanciful and expenfivc form. Even the exicrnal walls arc decorated with paintings; and the roof is coated wiih a yellow varnifhof brilliant effed. Here the ambaffador and fuite partook of a cold collation, at which alt ihe dainties of the country were col- lefcled. A Chinefe play ,was perforuud in honour of the dillinguifhed vifitor. The ihcaire is a I'quare wooden Itrudurc, in the front of ihe mandarin's palace. The llage is furrounded with galleries, which were deco- rated with ribbands and (ilken ftreamers. The rcprc- li'iiiations confided of warlike mancciivrcs, vaiied by liighi of hand deceptions, and a difptay of pirloiul agiliiy, in which the perf^.Tmers acquitted lluinfclvcj wiih admirable adroiinefs. A band of inulic, con- lilting of wind indruments, enlivened ihe fceiie. I Ke II ivelty of both plcafcd the eye, railic i ilian dclighied 111- ear. the female charaitcrs . i pcrfoimcdby iiinuch the delicacy of the ' him-fe would be Ihock^a at ttic public exbibinoii of iheir women. As foon 's the ainbafl I >r and aticndanls returned on board, luch an imineiiU number of people accom- jianied them, in every kind of wiweyance capable of iloating, thai accidents ap)K'ai t inevitable. They were witncfs lo one, here pan of the deik of an old junk gave way from the enormous prcd'ure of Ipedators, whereby levcral perfons pcrifhed in the waves. There was a very liberal I'upply of provifions lent ihcm before ihey embarked. ' ideed, from the (iiper- abundance, theyciiicr!. i the crews who navigated the junks; thus coir g the hofpitality of the country to the relief ol ihe natives, for which mark of attenlion they tcftified a due fenfe of graiiiude. There was a prcfeni made of fome parcels of filk by the mandarin Tyen-Sing, to the cnbaffy, and an oihcer, by the dircdion of the ambaffador, didribu- icd iliein among his fiiiiei but it not being polTiblc for every one to have an equal (hare, it was deter- mined, after two pieces were didributcd to each of the gentlemen, the remainder Ihould be difpofed of by drawing lots, by which means every perlbii had an equal chance, in I'piie of his daiion. For feveral days the weather was exc-ffively hot, and at an early hour on ihe morning of the luih of Aiiguil they were vidied by a inoli iieniendoiis Itonn of thunder, lightning, and rain, which is not uimlnal in this climate. During fcvcral houra lliis day it was found neccf fary !»' ■Ul' ■ ''I '■1' I" i, (,? 79S NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ' ^i' fary to employ nicn to tow tlic junks alons. In China, numbers follow this laborious vocation, to which they are called when the wind or tide fails. A rope is fixed totlic mart, and another to the head of the junk. Thefe arc of a length proportionable to the breadth of the river, and are lived one at each end, to a ftick of about thirty inches kin;^. This is thrown over ilic head and reds on the bi'caft, form- ing a kind of harncfs. Every dr,iii;;hifman is fiirnifli- cd with a fimilar apparatus, and when all arc ready, the leader gives the fignal to advance. The towers a£l in concert, and proceed with a meafurcd ft')), which is regulated by a kind of mufical tone, con- flantly repeated. The fati;nie thefc ufeiul drudges undergo would appear exccmvc to any but the Chi- iicfc; they wade through marfhy banks, and (talk through muddy foil, with a perfeverancc that claims at once admiration and piiV. Having received the ufual fuppiy Oi" provifions, the next day they fet about cookini; it ihcmrelvcs; icing pcrfeflly difguftcd with Chincfc lilthinefs in regard to their viftuals. With rcfpefl to rice, how- ever, they dcfcrvc the praifc of clcanlinrf*. They 'wa(h it well in cold water, and drain it ihroui;h a fievc, then throw it into boiling water, and when pulpy, take it out with a ladle, and put it into ano- ther clean velTcl, where it is fuffcrcd to remain till it becomes quite white and dry. In this form it is ufcd for bread. Indeed, boih'd rice, and fonictimes mil- let, with vegetables, fried in oil. cOTiftiiuic the ufual food of the lower clafs. They cat regularly every four hours of the day, and feldom vary their humble repaf). Their tables are about a foot high : on them a large velTcl of rice is placed, and each p?rfon, fitting on the floor, helps hilfifcif into a fmall hafoii. The vegetables arc taken up with a couple of chop- fticks, and eaten with the rice. On pariitular days a more genial diet is ufcd. A -weak infufion of tea is the ufual beverage. They failed by the townof Cho-Tung-Poii on the 15th. It commiands a plcafant view, alid appears to be of confiderable extent. Shortly after leaving Cho-Tung Poa they rcsched a tributary (Iream, over which wore two bridges with two arches of elegant architcfturc. On a gentle eminence, at no great diffance, flood the palaCc of the mandarin. It was built of ftonc, two flories high, and exhibited a favourable fpccimen of Chinefe tafle and defign. The ambaffador rctrcivcd military fa- lutcs wherever he pafTcd. As foon as they had moored for the ni;;hf, the principal mandarin of Tyeh-Sing arrived, with a nuincrous retinue, to pay his rcrpe6>s to the ambaf- faiior. A troop of niCii preceded him, who notitiid bis approach bv fhouis. Thfn followed two men carrying large filk titribrellas, to fliadc the pain luin from the fun, when required ; the llidai^-h ts fucrcedcd ; then the foot foldi;fS; the tiwndar';i ni his palanquin came next; and a troop of cavalrv brought up the rear. In this ll)le, pcrf'.ins of dii tinflion in China generally travel ; and the higher their quality, the more numerous their attendants. They U)ok a walk in the evening along the banks of the river, which were exceedingly plcafant. The corn was now almofl ripe ; agriculture appeared in its bcfl form ; and copious plenty feemcd to counte- nance and fupport the immenfe popu'ition they every where ohfcrvcd. On the 16th cf Augufl they arri- ved at ihc city of rDng-Tchew, where their voyage terminated. This pla' c is diftant only twelve miles from I'ekin. F.xpitlaiion was now roufed, and fume degree of anxiety awakened. They found an enclo- fiirc here, purpoli-ly crcUcd, for the landing of the bagnagc and prelcnts. Lord Macartney and the rein- dutling nia'i'hiri" ^^fnt to inCpcft it. It occupud nearly the fpaccof.m acre. 'Ihcre was a icnipU- allotted for the rcfidencc of the emhafTV, during its flay at this place j and the whole fuite, of tvcrv dtlcriplioii, icccivcd An iiivi- taii'Mi from the grand m.iiuiirin to partake of a public l)rc;ikfalt, which was to he jirovidrd here next niom ing. .Accordingly, lord Macartney and Sir f'.cc-i . ■ Staunton let out in two palanquins, ;ind were clcdii. ed to the temple by a party of Chincle loldiers. 'llio breaklall was tompf)lid of various made dilhes, meat, tea, wines, fruit, and confettion.iry. There was every exertion made to land the b.i^. gage and prelcnis with f'peerl ;ind riftiv; aii(i!Ju!i emulation w.is dilplayid in tiiis I'trvicv', tlKit mull dt it w?s !o(lj;e(l in tin' depot before night. Two Clii- ncle officers infprttcd every cafe atid package at the g;itc of the cnrlol'iiro, of which they appeared to take a written account, and palled marks correfpondiii'; with their miiuitcs on every feparote article. 'Ihi-, a? underflood, was done with a view of certifvin- the emperor of all that was brought into his d(iii:i. nions. The place appropriated for the refidenre of tl ■ embafTy, called a temple, though in fitf the habit, idm of a timber nierchattt, was hirrd by the Chincfc ■^n. vernmeni for this piir|: .fe, and i.-: about a mile di(l,w t from the city. It is a neat, low building, of ono firry high; and confifls of fevcral courts, which were fevcrally occupied bv tlu' fbldiers, fervann, ambaffador, and fuite. The foldiers court was not the entrance. Beyond this was the lervanK (jiiatiir, oppofitc to which is a fqiiare building of one room, confecrated to religious worfhip. In the middle I't' this Hands an altar, ftipporting three porcelain ll-im-* as large as life; and on each fide arc candkHick<, which are lighted whenever any pcrlbn is pa\iii(i l.ij devotion, and regularly ai morn and eve. lidbrc the images. Hands !i pot full of dull, into whiih a number of long matehes'are ihrufl, which are tikcv,irv: lighted during the celebration of worfhip. 1 he flc- votees having finiflied, the candles and the m.itrirt are cxtinguifhed, and nn attendant on the altar Itriki . a b'-ll thrice with a mallet. All pcrlons prefent iltn kneel before the images, inclining their head'; il rev times, with their hands clalped, wiiich they lift fixer their heads as thev rife. Such is the fimple cerrmM'v of the daily worfbip of the Chinolc, invariably di- ferved from the humblefl to the hip,hcll, from ilie pcafapt to the emperor. This worllnp obtains ijic appellation of Chin-Chin- [ii(h, or t'.ie Icrvice of C.dt). The meancll hut Iras its altar and its image; nor is there .1 junk without thofeappcndaqes. The court appropriated to ilw ulc of the anih.ilF- dor and fuite, was handl'omr and fpacions, dcroi ui-4 with lamps, gildings, and other Cliitule emli'llilli- nicnts. An hundred various iliflies were fervid up at his excellency's tabic for dinner. A nnmbcrof Chinefe crowded rouiid, and feemed higliK tliveiufi with the dilplay of F.uropcan ntannrr <, fi) (ippii wall, to whii h ao exiirnal ditch is acidcil, in the nndl acccflibic fpots. It has three gate's each well l«riv- fied, and may, aliogctht r, he conli(h;red as a flrni:!; place, 'the hoiifes are alrtioH uiiivcrrilly of wikkI, of one (lory high, preiiy with extciior dt-eoraiions in ihi ' liincic lUic 1 hut niofl of ilinn are ekdiniic of fu iiiiure. Tlu- Ihop is the principal room. Ik- fore fliis are high pillars, fiippe)riing an awninf;, cover .| with painiirig ;ind giUling, and decornu'd with llreamers. Thrfe llrc-amers indicate the rem- m Millies to be (old ; and fomefinics a wooden if^me is Inpetadded, lodiretl to the fpnt. In the form and fi/.C of tliej houfes and llieips tluTC is very Iniin vari- ety ; the fame plan prcvad.s tlireiunhoiit the eii\ in almofl every relpril. 'llie fliceis iiirlccd are of dif- ferent bre.idilis ; lint nil of them hive a p.nvcni'Mit on each lidc for the accotnmudutiuti of loot pil ■ I •> I* v^itwyi n-K '! iciigers. V E L S. |! n topnrtakcof .ipulilti- )vidi(l licrc- next iiiom ZHflncy niul Sir (U'ci . ■ )iiiiis, ;ind were ciciirt. Chiitcle Ibldiers. 'lln: ions m.ide didu'S ini-.u, ion.iry. tiadf to latul llic h.i^- 1 iMul r.ifctv ; aiui !;u h is li r\ ifi.-, tiiiit ini'it ct lore ni'^lit. 'lAvo C'iii- cul'e and p.irka^y M iho h they appeared to i.i'kc d marks corre fpominv; fcparnte article. 'l!i;-, ith a view of ecrtifvi!", brought into his nmi.i or ilie rpfidenrc of tl ■ \\o\\ in f.itMlic liiihit.iii II irrd by the Cliinrli- '^i id i.-- about a inilcdiil.w t U, low bilildinj;, of ciie F fevcral eciuns, w!:i('i ' the Ibldiers, ('erv.ii )n, : foldierj rourt w,>s tu >■ was the It-rvant* quaini, s building of one riHu'i. (hip. In «be midflli- ct ij^ three porcelain irn'i-- cb Tide arc candkliuk', anv perlbn is pa>iii<4 l,i> mcirn and eve. Wvir,:. ill of dull, into whith •. thriill, whieh are likivulv: on of wor(hip. The f!c- eandlcs >nd the tn.-iidn ■ndanl on the altar Iti.ki , All pcrlbns prcfem iltn [clitiinR their head'; il re- ed, which ihcy lilt o\ir is the liinple CL-rriii mv Chincic, iuvariikly i 'i- to the hip,h(ll, IViiiii ilu- 'hii worlliip obt.iiiiv ilr (h, or the (crsiccol C.k!. and il^ image; nor is ieiida!^e». bo iile of «he jmh.iir - iitid fpacioiis, dccoi i:. I ler CliiiK'I'e eiuh' IMIi llilhes were ferv.d u;' dilMier. A iHiinln r ct Iceitied highly divcu i nianiirK, lb oppodii' :■> fervnnis were (iilliil : Is, lo be ready ;it ..: . le cnih-iiry v. ith il.c v,ii, 'Ihclc arc chicily to-., i< about Pin mile* in rli lurronii(i:d by a h:i'\ ch is aiitli-d, in the mutl c gate's, eai h well ("in- conddvred as a (trm ;; nod niuvcrr.illy orvcmd, lb eMoiior detoritniMi-. oil of them arc dd'iiii'i- )C principal room. I'.'- lupporiiiM', an awiiin*;, gilding, and decdr.iinl nerj iiuiiraic the n'lii leiiines a woodiii ti;;iiie c I'p'ii. In the form awl ihcrc is very liiili: vaii- tluounliout the ciiy in fliceii indeed arc <■( dif- thcm hive a povtmeni mnoduiioii id looi pil- JclljJCfi. 'h I'l }f^- ^^^^J, I— tMmaiit PlfHfWfff ,„ii,,iTi.hn.mj,i..ii, ^^^^W^^^^^^ ■l •1 ■i'l il;i i I) ■r "1 lii iiii J 1 1 !"! ■ 'I' n^i ii;*, I r >i,/ffHYf//r> PoRTLOCK's. l/VTCoU-Kl'TIONyVOYAUES^TilAV ELS. AA^ ».y ', . //» 'il^M, a txH LORD MACARTNEY'S EMBASSY to CHINA. 191 \ fcngcrs. At a fubftitute for glafs, a thin glased paper is univcrfally ufed in China : however, fome of the palace* of the higher clalFcs are furniflicd with Glk (o admit the light. This city feems to carry on a very exicnfivc trade. An immcnfe number of junks rcfort to it. The population is computed at nearly half a million. The Cummers in this climate are very hot ; but the winters arc in propt have procured a larger affombly. The body was committed to the ground with due folcmnity, and the proccfTion returned in the fame order as it went. They obierved in this country ik^i the graves were very (hallow. They have memorials . f marble and Hone, charged with inf'criptions. Som : of the monuments here exhibited traces of no ordinary fculpture. This receptacle of dull was of very confiderabic extent, but without walls. Except ia the vicinity of large towns, there arc no public burial grounds : in the country, the deceafed re- pule within the precinds where they lived. ^^c^ ^ <^ <^<^ ^i^ ^•<^ ^.^»(^^•>^^>«^«^K^o^<<^|^*<^<^M^><^s^■^;^^>c<^i^<^>(^.<^il^i^^i^&i4^ I' I i l| :i^( ;'>5'-');. ivy? CHAP. III. i:'*-!' f.u Dip'inure fnm Ton^-fcbnt^—fhey enlrr a fine Qhtmpnign Country — Tvtsn of Kiyfnr-Fo&— Arrive al Pekin— Ri-m.iiks on tht' ("ily — htcijeni at a Butcher's Shop — Maniiirs of the itinerant TraJffmen — Bariers — S/reft jtiittiontcrs, We. — Of ibf Buildings — IVemen, (^c. — Meet a Funeral Proeejfton — Arrive al Tettmen-Manyrumen — Dfhriplion of the Pafaie there — Dififrteable Sitnatitn of the F.mha[fy — Unplea/ant Altercations — A FageJa — Pa!,t(c belonging to the Ficeroy of Canton — P'ifit from the conducing Mandarin — They leave Pekin and proceed lo f.iitaiy — Fit/age "f ('l '1R AV t L S. town and Pckiii, it is mipoHlblc tci Ipcak ; tl.tii view w.is iiitcrctpicil by ilio crowds. On entering the rubiirlis tif the metropolis, ihry padcd hciie.ith livcrul hcauiiliil triuniplial archfs. The hollies in the liibuihs arc built o( W(u)ii, two jlorifs high, variouUy painted in tront. The (hops make a very rei'pettable appearance. Tiie (Ireets arc i'pacious, and on this occa(ion tliey WCJC lined with (aldicrs without whofe aliiilance it would have been impoffible for the cavalcade to iiavc advanced. About two in tiie arieriiooii they reached the nate of tlic imperial C'lv oi Pekin, or I'it-cbin, as pro- nounced by tl'e natives, i'he walls enclole a cir- cuniierencc of twelve leai^ucs. In the centre ol each angle is a ijrand natc or entrance, and a lelltT one at each corner oJ ibe ramparts. 'I'hcy are all of llron^ (lone arch work, and fortified by a tower of fcven llorie!", riling over each. 'I'lie ^atcs indeed are double : the inner is of the fame ibrni as tl-.e Jird, except that it has no tower; and between them are barracks for loldicr.s. Ordnance and troops are ilationcd at cvciy gate; and though the olive branch of peace bleili.s rekiii with almod a perpetual (iiade, the aits of defence and prudent caution arc neither neglected nor unknown. At ten everv ninht the gates iiie fliut, and till d.iwn of day all conimunica- tioii IS lufpcnded between tiic rity and the I .Imrbs. Duriii'; that Ipacc, a fpccial order from iho principal TTiatiii.irin of the city is abl'olutely ueccflary to pro- cure ingrefs or cgrcfs. 'I'hc walls arc ol great hcieht, and of in.iily thirkncfs ; the foundation is of Hone, but the luprrftrudtiire is wholly of brick. Outworks z:,a battel its at (lioit intervals iiitreale ibo Ifrength of the walls, and forts are very Irequrnt; but except at the gates there arc ttcithcr caiiiiotw nor guards. His imperial majtHv generally rrlidcs here from October to April; and duriii'j thai period, foldiers patrole the walls every ni;;bt. .On the niolf modi"- ratc computation, fioin the, louth gSie to tl;e clII gate is a fpacc kept up; and as tvi.rv public fuiiflionary, from the bighell to the lowell, is atteiituc to the difcharge of his duty, order, neat- ncfs, and atlivity, arc every where perceptible. Large bodies of fcavcngersare employed in fcparaic dillrith in removing every Ipecies of lilth; and another tlafs of men fprinkic the Hrcets, to prc\eiii the duft from incomnioiie o( l!u as, lo fatisfy their eiiriodty in regard to the piece.i ol meat, and the mode of tutting it up, which bill agree.s almoll with the ('.iiropean fadiioii, they oblerved an earthen Itovc with a gridiioii. 'I'he butcher con- flruiiig their figns into a want of meat, began euiiing (jff and broiling IpuU dices, whuli he i uiuiiiuiu i.i Jupply tl.en) wuli till they were latisfied. Peilups they mighi coiifuui- abuui .1 pound; .iiid on piu- dutiug 4 lh)!!g of ta.xeCj the only coin allowed to l' if, •: their (liouJd-rs, or carry a kind nf paik. ..Siivft liarbers are very numerous, 'f lu lo e.iiiy witli tliein the impleiiKMits of their trnde, i exertions of that craft, prelent theinu Ives IreijucniW on a kind of platform. 'I'hc pnncipji lireci. hciji.; of enormous lcii.;tb, are (uhdividcii b;. arched gate- ways, under each of which tl'.e n.\!:»e of the p^iiul ftrcet is written in gilt cliar.icltrs. Tlu^f- arcU-s continually appearing, fcrve as ceiural olipvts [,>i the eye to rcpofe on. The tr l> Ihcci.i aie tenrii- natcd by twiall latticed gates, (but ituilni; ilio iiijijiii while the principal wii^s are iin-liaiiiiy guaided U-,- (oldiers, who arc armed with (woiU and wl.tps, i,^ quell any dilhiib.ince, or ti) ci>n\il IbrJ.ter iiicgii- larities. Their chuf rxpcnce fecnis to lie l.iid 1 ivi oti (i.c (hops, uiul except 111 the variet)' of their em! (.Ihd;. tncnts, an undoriniiy prevaihs in the height ai),l extciil of iLtir hollies, lew piiviilc buililiiiais au- more than ohc ll(>ry hi.;h, andtlule aie vliiflly ct wood. lie iiiipcii.il p.jlaie, however, il;e Imiilc; of the in.indariiis, and the pagod.is, aie diltingiiilkd by their lu;>erior tlevaiion, ai well as their mi^ii,. licence. I'.Uanquins are the |a!liion*h!c vchi, ]• > (>!' the great, while covered eari.s, tliawn by a hoiic or a mule, fcrve for the inferior clilles. 'i'lie ( hinele women lie<|uently pit thcnircivr* from the g.dleries in front of tlicii houh ^ and jir very lund of gi/.ing at (iglits. l lie leiii.i!cs i apply vcrmillicui to the middle of their lips, whic . certainly is not an unattr.idivc ad, w ilh e(. iitchcons. /i was placed on a lai^c bici, and had a great number o! men to (upporl it, wlio adv.uieed w/'i a (low and lolemii Ibp. A bjud ni mulic followetl, (il.iymg a kind oi diigc; and afui them came the li lends and relations of the deccalni, in dredes (jf black aHid white, Ihiviiii; pad'ed the ealtern fuburbs, iliey ag.iin en- tered a rich and bcautilul country, and loon arriveiiai N'euinen-Miinveuiiu'i), one of tlic emperor .< piUc^^, diltaiu about (ivc miles from the city. Jlere l!i-v found rather a fianiy and itidifierrnt rcfrcfiimcni ; but bcinjj luuch fatiijued, the idea of rcll was il'cr nioll V 1 1 s. LORD MACARTNEY'S EMBASSY to CHINA. 799 Ilk (ill mc I Hii(l( 1(111, Kill iliti.'. were Itadri' iniiir- II IVlkiii, nccordinj; i i ciilior b/ar baikwiji i»\ •:■ ktiul <>r !>»( L ,i>uvct I liiic t'.ui)' vt'iili t'lK-in , i.ut;i;iiv ;i)Ci- aiul lUo viiti'frou. It •Jicmii i\'.s iKijutiuIv ■ priiici[iui liiL'a. iici;:^ livick' ;;uanlcd Iw |\V(>I'!'< Ulul Wl'.l|';>., 1^ ct>ii\tt ll.);,l.a'r iiitfjii- I lo lip l.iiil « ivt »Mi (Im; fiv of ilifir luppnrt il, w'ln ili-inn llrp. A liaiHlul id (ji iliit;c J and afia latiuiii "f ibe dcccJtJ, fiiliiirlis il.cy as;wn en- itry, and foDii arilVL'tlat tlic fiiipcroi > p.ilac^'-, il.fr city. Mere ih.v ui'.tiv'icn: rcficniineiii; ; iJcii of rcU was il'f r nioft iiiotl acceptable ^ralilicatioii. '1 liii palace is low, bolli ill lllii.itioii and buildinj;. I'liey ontcrcd it by a coniniuii Itonc gateway, ^uardcd by luldicr.s; be. vond (bis is a kiiiil of parade, in ihc centre of wiiicU i< a fiiiall lud^e for the accoiiiniodaiion of the man- darins it) waiiiii>;. 'I'iic body of the palace is divided into two Itjuarc courts, equally dclliiutc of elegance and convenience; the windows viihdaiuliiig they widied that their continu- ance in this place luighi be of no long duration, as it was impoliible lu make any progicfs in the grand object of their niidion till tliey liwi an interview with tho emperor, yet every arrangement was made to add to the dignity of the cmbany, or promote its convenience. Having lettlcd this btiliiiefs, they waited with anxicms e,\pei-tatioii the return of a man- darin, who had bcii difpatcbcd to learn his Imperial majedy's plcafure, whether ihcy fiiould pricced to I'artary, where he wa.« then r>.rident, or wait till the period of Ins ulual return to I'ckin. Early oiithe 28th of .Augull, the coiidufting man- darin came to uctpiaiiit the ambalfadui that it wa.i. his Imperial inajelly's plcafure lo receive him in. Tariary : thereupon a new arrangement look place. The principal gentkmcn belongitig to the cmbalfy were felcded to accompany his excellency into 'i'artary; fevcral of the fcicntilic gentlemen, mecha- nics, and Tick, were to remain in charge of the bag- gage and prefents. 'Ihc guards, niulieians, aiul lervants, received orders to hold ihemfelvcs in rcadi- nefs, with only iiidilpenliblc nccelFariesi and even the gentlemen of ibe fuite were to be as little incum- bered as podililc. They wen- to carry with them only the uniform of the embu!'.'^ and a common full of clothes: ihc inulicians and Servants were to be dreded out in a luit of date liveries, which, on being unpacked, it was evident thai this was not their (iril appearance in public; fevcral of the drelles bearing the names of their former wearers, and from fomc circuuidances that they difcovered, had been made up (or the fcrvanis of fomc former ambadador.. With tliefe habiliments, fuch as they were, every man fitted himlelf out in the bed niamier lie could. The ambalfador and Sir deoige Staunton wsrc tu travel in an old eliail'e belonging to the lattc;, which on m af m 1 4:- \y.\ !!;'• ii:(i ' mi 8oo NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. Ji' w ! ' t;, ) \mm on bcin1^ unpacked, HrH none of that gaudy appear- ance wliicli diftiiigmftlcd the works of art in this coiinlry ; and fome ofrhcm did not hefitate to cxprcfii ihcir difrfpprobation of its external appearance. Such of the fiiite as preferred riding on horfeback wcrt: to l)c accommodated on giving in their nanicji ; and carts were to be provided For the red. Tlie baggage uikI pri-fcntj which were to accompany ihcm having been prcvionOy fent off, tiic ambafl.\dor'» carriage W3.1 to he driver* by a corporal of infantry, who for- tunaifly had once been a poffillion, and a liglrt horCcinan, who was to atl as his aflillant. A man wli'i lias U-arned two tradi's is fVcqiienily iifefni to l-.imrilf and to others: this hurtihic corporal was the only man who could have headed the anihafrulor. lie and his afTift.rnt were pcrihittrd to cxercife tlie horfcKiiitlie chaifc for a fhort time througli the llrrets «>f Pt'kin, under a piiard of mandarins and (bidiers ; and fnrh crowds alfemhled to Cetf this extraordinary rpcrlatte, that authority was abfolutely ncceliiiry to ix'Orain the confequent moleftatinns. Farlyon the zd of Septcmi)cr, a number of horfcs bavin:; h^en already brought to the palace, and the riiiiMt bavin;; made a fcleftion, they began their march, hut meeting with frequent interrupthm, it Was fome time before they could pafs tiie city gate. This being cfTefted, ihev foon drove through the riibtirbs, and entered a rii h and brauiiful country by a road of great width, but without any central pave- tnent. After travelling aliout fix utiles they reached the village of Chin-fJiho, where they were allcwcti the inornin;; rcfrclhments. In ihcir route they pafTeda great nutnbt'r of popn- Imis villages; and rook up their ftrll night's lodging at one ol iho Kmpcror's palaces, named Nanfhighec. 'i'hey wire now furnifhed every day with the bell acirommndations, and received an allowance of faun- chno aiul Chinefc wine ; the former is a fpirft dillil- led from rice and mill-t, and tnay deferve the jppelhtion of Chincfe gin. The dirtance from I'ekin to lehol, whither' they were hound, is one hundred ana fixly miles, which was divided intofcven days jotirnies, that iheV might have the advantage of fleeping in an imperial rcli- dence every night. This flattering mark of diftinilion i< the highell it feems that can be paid; and is never conferred even on the firft mandarins. The ptilace Where thcv pafTed the firfl night h.id bUt little to de- iiland attention, either in its external appearance or itt internal decorations. It was cnvirotred by a fpa- cious garden; but to this they were denied accefs. About fonr the next morning they rcfumcii their Journey, anti took their firft refrelhnicnt at the town of Wheazon, a place of fome confequcnce. From thence they proceeded through dufty roads, beneath a burning fun, till they reached the palace of Chan- Chin, where they halted for the night. This is a fparious ftruftiire, covering a great extent of ground, and is adorned with gardens and plantations. The lurrounding country is enclofcd; and in point of fertility is equal to any they had fccn : it fed im- mcnfe herds of cattle. The (hcep here are fmall, but very fat ; they have a thick (hort tail weighing I'cveral pounds. The next morning as they proceeded on their jour- ney, the dillant country affumed a motinininous al'pcfl; fertility was fcnfibly dimrniflied, and the villages became more thin. .About noon they faw the city of Caungchumfoa. It feems to be a large f\ice, and is wailed in the manner of Pekin. The palace of Caungchumfoa received them ai i early hour of the afternbon, after the mod fatiguing and difagrccabfc journey they 1)a:d hitherto experienced. Till* palace has little to dillinguifh it from tliofc they hatj already occupied, and the trcattnent which the ambalTador and his attendants received, corre- fprjtided in every rcfnefl with what they had under- gone before, in their jouinty to and from Pckin. It is almoll unneceffary to fay, that however unfa- vourable appearances might be, mult of them gladly II accepted of whiievcr was prepared for their refnefh. mcnt i and it will be doubled by none, that nothing gave them greater latisfaflion than when their con- diittor iiilbrmed them that they might retire to ilii: diH'ercnt apartments allotted for their repolc. Early ilie next morning tbey were I'ummoned together, and foon after dep»rted. The niads now became indifferent, and the country difplayi-d a mountainous appearance. At a finall diftanee from WaungChanyeng, they pafl'ed a prodi-^ioiis arch, which united two hills, with II parapet of ninlfy llrengih on both fides, ihe fur. thcr liill is crowned with a fort, wliofe ramjiaris ftrctch to a very great dillancc. Ucneath lhi^ Idrt n a pondei-ous arch-way conduti)ing down the hill. In ftcep as to rrii'ler travelliii'' dangerous. In a loni.in. tic valley at the bottom, appears the town of W'juiig. C'hanycng; it is irregularly huili, about a mile ni length, and dilplays a lonfiderable fli.ire of coiiimercc and opulence. At the extremity of this town a lem- porary triumphal arch was erotfed lo the honour of the embafiy, finely ornamented with filk flreamcrs. flerc the ambaflador received a lalute from Ionic guns, and palfed between a double line of loldicr<, who dilplayed a martial appearance and niilitarv parade beyond what they had hitheno witncffed in China. They were regularly drawn up in companies; and each regiment was diliinguilhcd by a dtfftfrent drcfs. They all wore a kind of coat of mail ; and had their head and (houlder.s covered with iferl helmets. Their armour was matchlocks, il.res, fpears, lances, and bows and arrows, together with fome we.ipons of which they knew not the appropriate name. Almoft every divilion varied in its annoiir as well as its drel's. Now they approached one of the woirders of the world, the wall that feparates China frjim Tarrarv, the moll nupeiuhiu.s work every produced bv ma". In the vicinity are cantonments for an army of r on- fidcrable magnitude ; at the extremity of which ii a mafiy gateway of Hone, defended by three irnn doort, which guard the pafs l)etween countries formi rh .A. linfct. This w.ill, the pride of human labour, is' ,^noi. ' to be upwards of twelve hundred miles in leii!-!;; it< height varies according to the etrcuin fiances of the ftir. face. Where one of them contrived to get to the ti [i, it was ujiwards of thirty feet high, ami ahoui iucih». fiinr broad. The foundation is laid on lar^- fijnir;: Hones; the fuperllrutlure is brick; the ceiiirc is a bind of moriar, covered with flag Hones. .\p-,irjpit of no ordinary flrcngtli runs on each (ide of an em- battled wall. The country on the other fide afliiincd a ntv :p. pearance; even the climate was changed. Iii(lcad(f cultivated cliampain, the abodes of wealth, andihf butlle of eonimerce, they now encountered barren wades, where ait has not yet difplayed her magx powers. .Miout fcven miles from the great wall thcv cm.' to a mminiain, which e.\hibiteut a niilr in nblc fli.irc of contmcrcc niiy of this town a icm. •c'fled lo the honour of ted with lilk (Ireatners. cd a laliitc from fome double line of loldicr, )pcaranic and niilitarv id hitherto witnclfed in drawn up in compnnies, nRuilhcd by a different d of coat of mail ; and erit covered with !>«•! /at matchlocks, ilres, d arrows, together with ^ncw not the approprutc ion varied in its annoiii e of the wonderi of the les China from 'I'ari.iry, rverv produced hy nu-. !nt« for an army ol con. : extremity of which is t ided by three iron donn, countries formi rl) ,.>(- iiiman Uboiir, is! i?""' ;lred mile.' in lens;',;. ii< circuin (lances of ilipftu- )ntrivcd to }»n is laid on lar^i- fijitir • brick; the cciilrc is .1 flag (loiK's. A pnrjp t on each lidc of an em- fide ad'nincd a nfv :t<- »as changed. Inllcadif [)dts of wealth, and il.c low encountered barren Lt difplaycd her magc ..c j^reat wall tlicv cam.' led an additional prmf of the C'hincfe in \»orl< thiiiv feet wide, ism; iird to Itlfeii the difli- n an hundred feet finm Vet Hill the- afcci; and witliout iIih vjII .en riinnoiinied hv iiiai', he othcM (ide of this Her;) of ClKiimsSbiiiiuve. Ii number of conns, Ur- n the paiaics, at It.iH n uly is either unknown t ; rolpecls p,lad the cm nch^iniing, is cxrlmifi lidcrable number ol i!i' , guarded by eumich.. Tie dilHnh ; bin Icvwl over the pjirtiiion i'"'^ oin the cmbaHy. A few fupcrintcndsnce "f tin' f.|jMio. fi-r.^lio. Tlii'i pliro i< (uiroiiiuli'd wiili cxiciilive (^irdciis : the mid from ClMiiii^Sluiniivc was every ., here broken and mouiitaiiioiis. ^'ct llcrile as it now appeared, this evideiitiv did tiot proceed from ;iiiy waiu of activity from the naiivc.«. Kvery ijiot lapablc of cultivaiioii was covereil wiili corn ; ami in (Hii* place they (aw (evcral p iK lies of lill,i(;c whire the (Iciliviiy leeined id be wholly inaeecHiliK'. 'I'iiis I'xciied llieir admiratimi; but Jiidj;i' tlicir fiirprile v.heii they obKrvt d a peal int laboiiriiii' on one of I'lcin, where they at liill eoiiKI not conceive bow he was capable of flaiiiiin;;. Tins poor man, whole hut was creeled at tiic lioiioin ol the precipice, Icl hiiii- IrU'down from its top b\' a cord tied niiind his mid- dle; depeiidiii'^ on llie (lieiiiiili of ttiis, he laboured fur his daily fare, amid i oiitiiinal daii'.er : a proof at unci' ol Chinele indiillu ami rcirtiliiJ. . They arrived iKf'ore mini at the palaee ofCilla- ihiiiuienj^, where iliey I'pi m the remainder of the il.iv. This palaee It iiiil.s In Iwi en two liiliy hills ; it appears of more niodrrn eretiion, bin in (', . Ic unj firm relembles thole llicy had already lecii. As they were now near the teriniiMiion of their j,)iiriic\', the iimliallador '^ave orders t') practifc the piocenion and eeremoiiies with which lliey were to .iiipear befon: tlie iinjierial cmirt. Ills e\eelK-iicy vas plearcd to approve of the rehcarl'al ; diiriii;; the jHMriinnaiice of which the band iil.iyed the fivouiiic mauli, known by the .ippelljtion of the Duke of York's. September 7, tliey continued their roiiic over a lully eoiiniry, where the air was piercip(;ly cold. Ihey pulled leveral well peopled villa;;es, but nei- tlier the country nor the people were the fame as on the other (ide of the Cliinelj wall. They reached the palace of ("allaehotreniar.^lii culy in the afteinoon : in extent and form it was rqiial to any ihry had i.ilciv I'eeii j but they I'oiiml it tinanted only bv li]iiiirels which bounded round the iv)tirls and inhahiled the romns. September S, lliey arrived at one of the emperor's pi.;(ida', where they found an ;ibundaiil liipply ol I'mvilions. llcreihey made a flioit Hay to ecpiip ihcmlelves (or their pvo;;rers. They arrived next at the viilai'c of Quo,in;^cho, within a mile of Jehol, the imperial reli.leiicc. Here they were marlhalh cl, and proceeded amid an im- meiile .contourle of Ijieclators, wuli all ilie parade lint circiimll iiices would allow. The imhiarv made a moll reli)etlal)le (hew ; and the geniKinen of the fuiie, jt may be realoiiahly hippofed, were nut forj;et- fil of llieir digniiy, and llrove to liipport it by every external dil'play; but the generaliiy were a motley ^roupc, without even the advantage td" a tolerable iinii'orinity in drels or appe nance. Tlic whole cer- iiiiilv could not convey any ex(r lordinary ideas of I'lc liilendour or power of the me.nliv rrom which ihoy came. Tlie iioveliy of tlie Keiie iniulu polIiUly nraiile the Chinelo, but it> ^r.imleur emil I 111. ike no iiniireirioii. A,-i their proj^rds was Mow, ihev did not liMcli jehol until ten in the nii.irnin^, and ilrew up before the palaee provided for the rcceptuin of the einhalT)'. The Hmifli miliary formed a line for the ainhalfador as he palled; but not a mandaiin was in waiting; to receive him: and ihev tooi; pDlleliion ol ;'i:e palace without the welcome of an addiels. Iii- iKxd it was reported that the ^rand ehoiilaa, or miiiiller of Hate, would meet tlie amhall'ador, and cIVort him into [eliol; and alter tlieir arrival, they Were kept for Ionic hours in anxious expeclation of lecciviii),' this honour; but at lad dinner bein:; fervcd lip, all ihcir hopes of feeing him iliai day icrmi- ii.itcd. They now occupied a pal.icc 'ituatcd on the decli- vity of a hill. The entianee was by a wcmden ^ate- \wiy, wliich condiKis to a large court. I'acli (ide of tills conn has a lorn; ;;allorv, fiipportcd hy wooden pilars, and roofed wiili black ftlolly tiles. That on tile left was cinivcrted into a kitchen, the oilier fcrved lor the folditrs 10 cxercil'c in. At tl-.e upper end 87. w.is another ;{illery of more eiegaiir •, (roin which a door opens into a furthci- coiiit, the principal apart- ments of which were apprcpriaied for iT.e ul'e of the ambad'ador and Sir (ieor^e Staunton, the red for t!ij military gcnilemen attached to them: a third court was occupied by the ^•entlemeii of the fiiite, the niu- ficiaiis, leivaiils, and mechanics. The wlu.le fibrit is furroiindeil hv a hi^li wall; bur owing 10 the d.'eii- viiy of the (ituation, the view was not em rely oblhiuTed. They had |>ienty williin the walls, but no one had liberty ol ejjrels. On the feeond day after their irrival, the amhnira- dor received a vifit from a mandarin, with a numer- ous retinue. He remained nearly an hour in con- ference with his excellency and SirCieoi^^e Staunion. l)uriii;5 his day, his atiemlants amufed thcmli'vis in examining the drel's of ihe EiigliHi ferv.iiiis; and o'l rubbing the lace on llieir clothes with a done, to alcertain its <|nality, (iniled when they found it lcf» valuable than brilli.iiil. What paded .it this con- ference could not be jjcnciall) known ; but a I'pirit of coiij<'clurc was C(nijured up among the attendants on the cmbad'y, and the prei'ages tlicy formed were by no means aiifpicifuis. This day, inllead of that profufinn which had hitherto crowned their board, the lower dalles in the" einliadV f 'Uiid leareelv cnimj;!i at dinner lo latisfy one li.ilf of them. Th. y had, h('wev..-r, heenproxi- oiilly inllruiUd, thcnigli fir what realon cannot be liid, that if their pro'.idons ditnild he defedive in ipiaiuity or in quality, they were to intimate the ;;rievaiice to his excellency ahme, and leave them untouched. According to theCe iiidruttions the meat was left uiuoiielud; but his excellency having remondraied to the mandarin by means of h.is inter- preter, in a few minutes every table was fervcd with liot didies, in the ul'ual ve.riety and profiifion. Why this entertainment, whieli innll Im\ e been r.early ready, was thus withheld, and lo I'pecdily pri\luced, ferved as ,it\ enigma to ex'-'rcle their ili^eiiuily, but which they could never folve. On the luecceding day, the prcfenls brouglit from I'ekin were unpacked; they confided of a great luimber of pieces of coarl'e cloth, piiiuip.illy black and blue, two telefcopes, iwo airmins, two richly inounled fowling-pieces, two pair cd laddie pillols, two boxes of Iridi labbincts, twe) large boxes of ISii- lidi carpeting, and two moll eligant l.idilles with furniture oinplete. C'eiuinels were placed to guard tlicfe iptciinens of I'riddi art and inainil'a^t ire, till the imperial pleafure relpettiiig th.eiii 111. uld be known, which was afterwards iiotifud by the atten- dant ma>:J.>riii. Sc|.!< iv.her 12, a manviariii of tlie (iid order, came ill .iniuaiiit the .imbainulor, ll'.at his iinperi.d m.ijedy wiiiild give him an aildieneeon the i-itli. I'his iiilcl- ligenee dillufed hope and Ipirits through the whole cmbad'y, and oiders were iminediately idutd that the lu'ie Ihoiild be readv em the inorning (d the day ap- pointed, 10 accompany his excellency to the imiierial jialace. The attendaiit.s were to appear in their bell liveries; and the fotdiers and fervants, after having cfcorted the amballador, were lo return immediately lo their (juariers; his exeelleney informing them, that he had realon to hope the relliidions impoled on them, which were lo irkfomc to all, would, by his endeavours, be in a few ila\ s removed. Lord Maearin 'V was Iplciiilidly diclt, in niulhcrrv colour velvet, wi:li his diamond dar and ribband, and over the whole he wore the full habit of the order of the Hath. Sir George Staunttni was in a full court diels, tiver which he wore the gown aiid hood of a dot'ior of laws, with the academical cap. As the mm uiiig was very dark, a confiderable conlu- lion arol'c in the intended order of the cavalcade ; .ibout live o'clock the amballador iilighled from his palamiuin, amid an iinmcnre luimbcrolthe populace. Sir George and Mr. Slauiiioii hipporied his tiaiii. As it was d;iy-light wlieii they reuirncd, they had a view of the city. It is targe and populous, but very ;; R iiregularly \l fw\ 'I ilil 8()- NEW CO1.I.ECTION OF VOYAGES am. TRAVELS. itj'iiii irregularly built; the houfes are low, and cliiolly of wood: c\^, pt in the quarter coiitiRious to ilic iinpe- lial palace, none of the llrccls arc paved. The prin- cipal fuppor; of this place fecms to be derived from the enipeior's partiality for it. No river conneOs it with ninoie fitiMtions ; 'he fplendid cxpcnce of ^ court, however, renders it rich and bufy. Tho fur- rouiidinj; count y, though not comparable to Chin.i, is in the bed (Ut.^ of Tartary cultivation. As their vifit was a meer matter of form and pre- fcntaiion, his excellency was not tlciained long: he returned befcrc noon. The emperor, it is f.iid, received the credentials with all the dignity of form. He appeared to be va(lly.ftruck with the manners and abilities of Mr. Staunton, to whom he prefentcd, with his own hands, a beautiful fan, and lome embroidered puifcs. Some (liort time after the ambadador's return, :i number of valuable prefents were received fron* court, conliftinj; of velvets, (ilks, and purfes, ant. (bme of the fiiitft tea of the country, made up into folid cakes of about live o"""ds each. Except (uch as were addtellcd for their Britannic majedies, thcfe prefents were , ^pofionably divided among the gentlemen of the luitc. On the 15th, the ambaffador, attended only by his luite, paid a fccoiul vifit to the emperor, in order, as they undernnoil, 10 attempt to open the wi(hed-for negotiation. On tiii.> occafion, he flopped feveral hours. Tlie inicrprucr gave a very favourable re- port of the afpctt of the negotiation, as far as it had advai.t^'d; and their hopes for its fuecefs feemed 10 derive lome conlii'iation fiom a fecond car(;o of pre- fents, co'iliding of lilks as before, Chinefc lamps, and valuable porcelain; to linfe were added a num- ber of caliballi boxes of the moll exquifitc fabric. A dillribution was made as before ; and this cviiiiiig was I'pciit in mirth and fcdivity, arifinj; I'rorn the mod fanguiiie hopes of fuccels. On the 16th, feveral mandarins vifitcd thi amhaf- fador, and invited him and the whole embally to Jitttrd tiic atMiivcrfaiy of the etiipcror's birth-day at court, on the niirrow. .Accordingly, h'. excellency let out very eaily in the morning, and the whole cavalcade reached the Imperial palace about four o'clock. Tlic emperor's palace commands an elevated fiiu- rtion and cxienfive views: it ctintains a numerous 'inge of cciitis, none of which, however, appear very magniriceiii, though fomc of them arc highly decorated with jj.iinting and gilding. The gardens furronnd it for feveral mih s ; thefc are bounded by a wall thirty feci high. In the front of the palace is a fine lawn, with a lake in the centre. On the empe- ror's approach, the mandarins in waiting proftratcd thenifeUcs, or it would have been impodible to have didinguinu-d his palanquin from one of theirs. N'o external pomp or badge of dignity, marked his dref* or equip 'gc. It is a favourite maxim of his govern- ment to check fuperlluous (.'xpencc, and to encourngc frugality and indiidry in every department of iiis government. A£luatcd by the fame wife and patri- otic principle, he ha- forbid any public rejoicings on hi'hirth-day, ill this lef, flourifljing part of his empire; but fucli unfeigned homage is paid to his dignified and amiable tiiaratlcr, that except in liis immediate prefencr, and 'iiid;r hii perfonal view, all ranks and ddcriptions of men, throughout his cxtcnfivc domi- nions, give a (oofc to j.iv on this aufpicious d.iy. He had now completed tlic 85lh year of his age, and the 57lh of Ins leigii. In the palanquin they could only obferve his countenance, which was animated, and litil-' exprefTivc of his advanced years; his eyes were dark and pieicing; and his whole air bore the im- prelHon of the confcious dignity of virtue rather than of Hate and parentage. Their rciiini was followed by a repetition of the lame kind of prefents, varied in pattern and colour. ,\ profufion of fruits and coiifcttionary accompanied iholc txprediuiis of imperial munificence. In the confetlionary an, the Cliinele I'eein capaiile of giving a ledbii to the moll einiuciit in that line among the Europeans. On the I Stli, the amhiirador went in a more private ma! iier to have an audience of leave, as the com t was foon to return to IVkin. .\t the fame time, he traii- faClcd certain odicial buli'icf's, but ilie emperor decli- ned entering into any written treaty with Great-15ri- tain, or indeed with any naiion, a> being contrarv 10 ancient ufage; though, at the lame time, he exprtfi'cd the highcd rcl'pctl for the liriiifh iKiiion and tiie king- he was llrong!) di!pol"i J to give tlKiii a pt'. fcrence in all commercial conc.rns; \et he would not ficrilice the inlcrclls of his own people to any lo- reign connections, and would only c-.)i:iinuc his avow- cd partiality for (he Englilh, while he f^und iluy coii- diiBcd ihcmftlves in their coiiimercl..! inicrcourfe in fuch a manner as to defervc it. l''u|il)crmorc, to evince his high pcrfonal regard for the king of (ircat- Britain he delivered to the anihaifador wiihhis own hand, a oox of great value, containing the miiiiatuics of all the pKccding ciiipciors, with a (lioii charatkr of each in verfc, written by thcmleives, accoiiipa- nied with an addrefs to the follow ing purport : " DeV : this calket to the king your mader, and " tell iiim from me, that linall as ihc prefcnt may " appear, it is the moll valuable I have to belluw, " or my empire can fiirnilh. It has been tru..f--'"'H " to ine through a long line of ancellor-; and I " liad rcfcrvcd it as the lad token of adctli' 11 I " had to bequeath to my Ion and heir, as a lablt: " of the \irtue> of his progenitors, wh.icii 1 (houlj " hope he had only to perufe to be iiuUucd lo " imitate; and to niake it, as they had done, the " grand (>lijctt of his life 10 exalt the irnpc;rial honour, " and adv.incc the happincf.^ of his people. " His excellency, after dinner, returned wiili hi, whole fuite and aitendants, to fee a play pertoimcj in til- Impel i::! palace, on a temporary dage. 'Ili' draniaiic enteiiaiiuncnts confided of mock lialllc<, vaulting, tumljiing. rope-dancing, and other g)iii. nadic amufemenis, which would have done 110 dil- crcdit to any i)Crformers. A variety of decepiidiu concluded the theatrical fete. One of wliicii wa* the exhibiiion of a large bowl, in every podiblc pofiiion ; which was immediately placed on tlie(la;c bottom upward.., and on being lifted up again, dil- covered a luge .abbit, which clcaped from the per- former by t.'king refuge among the audience. 'll;c fpeclaiors in ger.eriti, including many KinopcaM', were totally at a lofs to account for this decepiiun; but to others it was no novelty, having fre(|iiemlv fcen the fame trick exiiibited by the jug>;li:r> of Europe. Other fimilar tricks, very dexirouiK per- formed, amuled them by their novelty and apparini diiriculty. The theatre, being well filled with pciloi;i of didindion, maile a fplendid appearance. On the lyth, pipes and tobacco, fiil'icient m fupply every individual belonging to the eiiih.i!:., were received; and feveral mandarins came to 1 r, their rcfpctls to the amba(l'.idor. In thcfe vifiistliv. obfcrvecf how little regard is paid to external appear- ance in China. The mandarins never vaiied the;.- habits ; and even the court-drcUes lure diliir vcn little from the ordinary habiliments. It iiuy k faid to coiifid of a loofe robe, falling h.ilf way (li>\iii the leg, and drawn round the neck with r;!)l)aml. Over the bread is a piece of cmbroideiy, abu^; five inciics fquare, fminicd in gold, or (ilk ol \ arium colours, will) an cxatl counterpart on the hacl-; which badges denote the rank ol the wearer. Tb: fadi, which at other limes is iifually worn round ti:.' waid, is difpenfed with at court. Mis excellency, on ''.icir approaching itie cuuA I'l C'lina, had cominuiiicatcd tlie general ordcis ly which the condurt of the embalfv was to be regu- lated : thcfe leeiiied to be diOaled by good t\i\k, and a regard to (he fucccfslul profetution "I li;, giand objects in view. His iorddiip's obfervaiii'"' and injunrtions, however, dcli'ercd al t!:e iaii:i liiii;', ■"■ ecmcanalilcofgiviiis; » iliat line among 'he went ill ^> moreprivaii: of leave, as ihc couil .the lame lime, he iraii- biiiilie emperor dctli- ireaty wiili Gicat-Uii- 1, as being coniraiy m ainc lime, he exprefi'ed ,')iiuih nalimi and ilie . d 10 ^Iv e iheiu a pi ■- inc-vns; \it be would is u\at people to any In- on'.v i-.)i;liiuu: hisavow- ,vhiieheU>undih(y loii- lUimerci..! imercouric m c it. I'lHiherniore, to rd lor the king 1)1' Orcai- ambairador wvihhis own oiuainiiij; ihe minlilurcs i;;, with a (hoi I charatkr v' thcmlelvcs, accoinpH- ollowing purport : he king vour mailer, ami mall a« ihc prel'ent may aluahle I have to hellow, Ilhasbceiitr-..!'"'""'' line of anceUor>; and I lall token of alletUoii 1 on and heir, as a la'jltt [jftcnilors, which 1 liioulJ icrufe to be induced m 1, as they had don. , die i'cxahtheimpi;rial honour, [ Tj of his people. " [inner, returned with Im to fee a play perioimc.l a temporary llace. Tin- onfilled of mock battles .lancing, and other gym- would have done no dil- A variety of deceptiiiiK fclc. One «)f wliich wa^ c bowl, in fYt;ry poliibk- diaicly placed on the lU ;>-• Dcin^ lifted up again, dil- Hch elciped from the pa- .moiig the audience. 1 l.i' icluding ni'iny l.mui'"'' . ccount for ihis decepiiun ; iiovcltv, having Itecni.iuly libiicd'by the jiig>ilcr> ol neks, very dexiroulK pet- ihtir novelty and appartiu cingwell filled with peiluiis nilid appearance. „nd lobacco, fullicient m belonging lo the emb.ii::„ ral mandarins came to |.'. ilh.dor. Inlhcfe viliiiili; dis paid to external appai- ,,ularins never vaiied the;; „u-dreUes liere dilUrvc!. babilimenis. U may k lol.e. falling h.df way ilov|i. 1 iho neck wiih ribband- fce of embroidery, abuu; ,1 i„ gold, or (ilk ol N aruH" counierparl on Ihc back; rank of the wearer. U" c» is tifually woiniuunJi...' I court. .cir approaching ihc coail> I iicd ihc general ordcis V) iH- cmbalfv was to he tcsu- be diQaled by good KMc cctfsful profecution ol ii., IlislordlUip'sohfcrvanom ,cr, delivered at l!'.e l^"'- urn", LORD MACARTNEY'S EMBASSY to CHINA. 803 Iv time, did not fcem to accord with the I'pirit of liberty and perfonal feciirity, which accompanies an Englifli- man wherever he is placed ; and it is to be feared they gave no very favourable ic ;a of the Hritifh charader to ihofe on whom it was wifhcd to imprefs the higbclK Hitherto they had not been attempted to be carried into execution ; and it was generally believed, that a pcrfon of fomc rank in the cmbafly never approved of their tenor; but now it was intimated, that all the fervants of the ambad'ador were to conlider ibcmfelves as under martial law, and that they would be puniflicd according to its regulations, in any cafe of di'i'obediencc or neglcft. It is true that the experiment was never made in regard to the civil fervants of the cmhafly; but the alarm which this information gave was felt with fccret indignation. 'i'hcre was among thefe orders an exprcfs injunc- tion, forbidding any trallic with the natives. 'Ibis, it was believed, was puncluaily obierved, as far as gain was concerned ; but a private in the infantry, compoling part of the amball'ador's guard, having been reported to have procured a Imall (piantity of famtclioo by the alfillancc of a Chineli- toldicr, he was immediately conlined ; and being bion^lu to a court-martial, of which a corporal was prcfident, he was fentenced to receive lixiy lalhes. 'I iiis lenience being approved by the lomniandi.'ig olhcer, the IJri- tilh loldier* were drawn yp in form, in the outer court of the palace where they rcfided, and the poor culprit being I'adcncd to one of the pillars of the great portico, without any mitigation, received the punifhmciit. The abhorrence excited in the breads of the Ciiinefc, at a conduft which appeared cruel to them, was deinonftrably proved by tlieir words and looks; they exprefled their aftonifhment, that a people profeding the mildcd, the mod b^.■nevo^c■nt religion on earth, as they wilhed to have it iielicvcd, could be guilty of fuch flagrant inattention lo itsnier- ciful dictates. The commander of the Lion went a dcp further towards alienating llm nlljElions of the Cbinefe from our heroes. When that Ihip lay at Chufan, a native brought a boulr of famichoo on board, intending to exchange it for (l :r!c Kuropcau article. Jlis defign being difcovcrcd, the captain ordered him to be fcizcd and piininud with twelve lalhes, in the prclence of numbers of his country- men; though a complaint preferred to a mandarin would have obtained tl/.' latisfaBion ncrcdjry, and favcd the appearance of defpotifm. Indeed, the mild manners of the Ghinefc revolt at the public exhiliitiou of punidiments : they are at a lofs to reconcile Kuro- pcau behaviour with European profelfions. Their faith and pratlice, in almod every iiiflancc, appear to them to be oppofilc; in diort, their prejudices, in- dead of dccrcafing on better ac(|uaiiuance, were, through fredi circumftances, hourly iiicrcafing. a'lv^^\^;?a«ni^^.C^PD';i?^:l3^ie4?©S^?i0^«^^ C H A P. IV. Drfarlinr fiom Jebol — Aicminl of liri cxtrtKrJiiuiry Recks — l/ifc an Artillery-Man — Con/i'qucnt Apprchcnftons — yhru.il af Pikiii — An llofpilal f/laMi/lc'Jfor the Suk — Imperial Palace in Pckin-Tbe Emperor vifits the Palace of 7 eu: iV. in be lent to tlic jialacc oC VeunKn-Mnnycumcii, where the Chiiicl'c ilicnirdvcs were lo prove and examine ihcin. The cliariois and odur prelcnts were alio removed to the ("anie place; and on the 2d, the ani- ballbdor received a formal invitation 10 wait on the cnipcroron the morrow. Mis excellency went in a private manner, and tranLicled hnlinels with the oHicers of ftatc. The coiifirence lalled (or two hours. Tiie imperial palace in Tekin Itaiuls in the miildle of the city, and is I'urroundeil by a very hiL'Ji wall. Ill;, faid to occupy a cirriiinference of ahout feven miles, containing (gardens both lor ])leafiirc and uti- lity, repleiiidicd with all that is rate in art or nature. The entrance is by a (Iron.; Hone arched way ; the rjni;r, of l)ull(lill^^ fiontin^ it is ilirei: (lories hij^h, and much cmbellidied with f;alleiies, ;;il(lin(;, and paintinj;; the roof is covered with (hinitjj tiles, of a yellow colour; the walls arc varioully painted and decorated. A lar^e body of loldiers ^uard the gate j and fevcral mandirins of the iirfl cl.ils are in condant waiting. , lliN excellency now fetih >1 the order and difpofi- tion of the lablcN (ur the. diltercnl departments of the liouieliold; ami every thiiij; feenied to indicate a ri.ililence of fume permanency at IVkiii. On the jih, tin: emperor viliicd the palace of ^ ciimcn-Manyciniien, to inlpicl the picients which were lod'."!!! there j and was ple.ifed to »)rdir fevcral ini^ots c)l lilver to bo diiliibiited to every P'rfon atiendiiiif. I he l-.m-lidi artiliccrs, who were the immediate objects ol Uis s;enei()Hu', and had a com- plete view of him, ilelcni)eii iiLs m-iieflv as beinc; about five feet ten iiulus liic^li, of a ll^ii, Irec from liie decre- pitude of a'^c. His dtportnieiit was aitrailivcly adablc J and the dii^nity of th.e prince was only dil- played in the fupcrior nlanlur^ of ihc man. He was habited in a robe of yellow lilk, and a cap of bla(k velvet, lurmcuiitcd v.iih a red ball, and adorned with a peacock's feather. lie wore (ilk boots, ein- broidrrcd with f;old, and a bluj.' (lik fdh. The opi- nion his inajedy lormed of the prelcnts ci'uld only be colleilcd from their being generally received. Two camera obfciir.is wcie, ho^^cver, renin. ed, as being fmtcd only to the amulemeiit of children. The interpreter, explained to the mandarins the nature and ufe of a vaiiety of articles. This day prcfeniswcre received from the emperor for thci; f5rita:mic m.njcfties. The and;a(!'ador and fuitc had likcwifc their prn|)ottinn. On the 61I1, alniut noon, the ambaffador a<^iin vent to villi the emperor; but on his arrival at r.mrl he fainted away, and bcii g convex ed home, conti- nued indifpofed during the ikiy. In the meanwhile. Sir CJeorgc Staunton and Oolonel Bcnfon ilidributcd to each of the foldiers and (ervant?, (bme pieces of (ilk, others of ilongarce (a kind of nankeen) and a junk of (dvcr <>( confiderable weight, as a prefent irom his Imperial niajelly. It was now reported, that they were loon to quit I'ekin. It occalloned a tonhderabic diuie of fpecii- lation, though it obtained le(s credit than afterwards appeared to be due. This report, which at fad met witii only a faint belief in ^^cneral, was conlirmed by an order from the ambaflador, to prepare for their departure on Wcdncfday. Their I'urpnie and con- < cm may caiily i)e conceived. .\("tcr a variety of faliinies, they tonfoled themlVlvcs that thev Uiould now have enjoyed foine repole ; iiut all pei ional con- fidcrations were abforbed in puLic ad'airs, in which tiie bumbled individual ielt an inteiell. I'be grand o!)jetts of the embady were evidently iinaeeomplini- cd ; and in their atlachnieiit to ilie good of their country, its honour, its advantage, ih'-v forgot every other care. A liiile refpite was tlierefoic rcijucded, till the baggage was packed U|) aiid arran'.;ed. 'I he aitendant tnaiKjarin iniide ilie reijiiiliiion : an order (iftived fioin ilie grand clioulaa to luljicnU ibcir dc- pariiiri" till Fridav; but ju afcribed his detenninalion to an avcrlion con- tracted againd them, fiom the (kill and ingenuiiv tliey evinced in liioie engines of dellruttion, the brals mortars, which were tried in his prelence. It was faid he depreciated tl-.e (pirit of a people, who, con- trary to the vital avowed principles ol their religion, had made Inch a proHcicncy in urt^ wiiich leenied i>i contradict them all. In this date of afT.iirs, Lord Macartney fent il carriage of ceremony, as a prelent to tl:e grand choulaa, which was reluled ; and after they had Icl; I'ekin llicy found it returned (ui tlieir way. 'Ilie coidulion aniing Iroin ti'is liiddeii and uiiexpcelcd event, rendered it impullible in arrange the hai'^ir;.: with any order. They huddled it together in i\x. bed manner that circmnll.inees would permit. Some articles, which could not be packed up, or were now nfelcis, Wfic given to^thc mandarins; the natives took rare to ]!urloin a (hate, and Lord ,Macaitn(\ « fi.rvants hail the ranjjiy of it iie. They let out 011 the road ih.it lead,* to rong-Tchew lit a very e.itiv hour on the inoii!ii;g ofiiie yll-, and 't lehed f! j- t(nfn in the evening. Kven the thought i of In in,; on the riluiM to their country l.iiled to lelieve tl ^• gloom of dilappiiir.iDienti and to iiirreale their un- pleal'int feiilati'jiis, tiiey met with ncglett ami humble atcommoilalioiis, coini'areil to wli:il iliey I'.id expcri- diced before. They wert; liulgcd here in lemporarv dleds, hung with dr.iw miltaig. On the io;h, wliile piiiceetling to the fide oftlii river, they hiund the jiiiiks intended fir their rceip- tion. The baggage wis p'lt on board with all podilile expedition, but not without a degree of tonrdi.'n bcjoiul what they bad jet known. I he ambad.idor and his luiie occupied (even jiinks; the attciuhiit mandarin and his party followed in feparate vcdtls. Soon after the embarkation was performed, dinner wailervedup: and at an early hour, after a nuilt fatiguing day, they retired to red, They left the channel of the river on the \5i\-, and entered a caiul of inliiiile labour .iiui expcnce. The liih s are malimry throughout its extent; and at certain didanrcs locks, in the form of .1 crelceni, au" crctted, which confining the water to a narrow p.il- fage in the middle of tlie canal, occalions a moder,>lo fall of about three feet. The motion of the junks is accelerated in palfing tliefc l<>rks, and continues tn fymc didance ; and to prevent vedels receiving da- mage from Itriking againll the w.ills of the lock, imii are always ready to let down large leathern pjils, which clfctlually break the fliock. In the (ourlcdl this day, they |),id'ed 1 number of thefe locks, whole condriiOion and cII°clI<, they found invariably tlu' fame. Thev failed fir fimiedays through a country riili in agriculture and population. I hey oblijrved pUn t.iiions of the diriib wiiieb produces the Imperial anil gunpowder 11 a : in (i/.e and (igure it rcfembles the gooleberrv-bu'li. Impirial tea is the produce ol tin' lird bloiloms ; gunpowder le.t is a colleilion ol ll.c fiiccellive blolloim, as they ;ippear. Not only the exterior marks of rtfpeft liiid been withdrawn from the embady by the Cliinefe, but they even found their provilions deficient, bi)th in quantity and tpiality. A irpreleniation to the iiiaii- dariii procured immediate redrt I'a in this piirticiilar; and it was further rep-irlrd, that the fame henevolcnt charatter had exerted hinil'elf wiili eticU 10 do inv»,v fume very unfavuurablc iin]...IIuiii.s, with whiih a • , ,, Taiur 'KI.S. LORD MACARTNEY'S EMBASSY to CHINA. 805 ^c ilu'ir ulloiiilliniv"!-.;, bv till.' (-■inporor liiiii - »)idi.'i"t:d 10 ilcpail (1:1 (c, tliiit as the bufiiK-rs iis ahf.idy coiii[!ltJtici, umbiHlador was rot couuirv. It was alio ic'd at ilic niinihor ol' (iiild lie i:in!iM!Uiiic;itcd Irto pciloiis waiitin;; II t(i ail avcrliiiii coii- le (kill and ingciiuiiv iCdollruHKiii, tlic brals liis prc-leiicc. It was )f a ^K-opk', who, coii- .ipli's t',cihcr in tl:c ■s wdith! permit. Souu- laeked up, or were now iiundarins ; the lialives and I. Did Micaitinv > ,uc. 'I luy let out ok I'chcw at a very e.nK (jl!i, and rtMi'hod li .it ) tlie ttiollt;hts of beiii;{ V jailed to lelievc tlr id l^) tiirrtMlc their mi- kith tickled and liumlile o wlial I luy I'.ad expert- d;;(.d here in temporary diiv; to the fide of I'.ic itcnded for their rcccp- n board with all poffilile a dc^^rec of toiififinn lown. The ambadadiir II pinks ; the attciulmt ,ved ill I'eparate vilkls. was performed, diniier irlv hour, after a nmlt red. ihe river on the \Wr., ile labour anil e.\pO)<"e. ;hout its eMeiit ; and Ji .•form of a erefcent, au- water to a narrow pd- il, otealions a inoJeti'l'" ; motion of the junks i'. lorks, and continues m nt ve(iel« rcccivini^ da- e w.ills of the lock, nii ii •n lar^c Iciihcrn pjds, hock. In the (ourleor er ofihcfc lock;., whiile ,- found invariably ik'' ihroii>;h a ccnniry riili 1 liey obleived pki" odiicis the ln1peri.1l anil (ii;ure it rcfenihlcs the .1 is tilt! produce ol du'. I IN a colleUion of ikc ppear. irks of refpea Inid brcn the Chinefe, but Uions dehciciil, holli in )refeiilation to the man- (lit r> in this p;;riii;iilar: that the I'.iine lienevolint «iih ellcUio do iiwa;- 1-. Jhoiis, wilh whiili a 'I'jiur )■ I" Tartar mandarin had prejudiced the emperor a;^ain(l the Englilh, by rcprcl'eiiting them .is divcded of every amiable quality, and addifted to every vice. Tliey paifed numerous plantations of tobacco ; a plant cultivated here in the greatcll variety, and to the "ri'atcrt extent, of any country in the world. Indeed Imokin^ being the univerfal prafticc from infancy to old age, the quantity of tobacco confumtd in China iniill exceed all moderate calcnialion. Several eon- iidi'rable cities appeared at a linall didance from the cand ; the ^arnfons from which advanced to the b.iiiks, to give the ufual faliite. Alio leveral corn- iiiills, work.d by water, and apparency on the fame ciinllriitlion as in F.urope, arrefled their attention in their pro^rels. On the ■23d, a lofty pagoda, of eight dories, open- ed to their view. Next day they law the Chinefe pod pali along the road on 'he margin of t!ic canal. 'I'he letters areencloli d in a largf bamboo bafleit, hooped wilhcaiioj it is then luckid, and the key is given into the cudody of one of the loldiers, who dihvers it to the pod-inader. The balket is then drappid on t!ie courier's (houlders, and being decorated with 1 iriinher of little bells at the bottom, they make a loud jingling when (haken by the motion of the horfc, and aiiiioiinee tlie approach of the pod. Five light-horle- nunelcort the courier; and as the (leetcd horfes are Irlecled, and changed at every dage, the mails in China are conveyi d with extraordinary expedition. On the ::4th, in the evening, the junks anchored ill the heart of a large city, through whii-h the canal p.illes. A continual fuccedioii of bridges comv els the banks. Thefe are gii.irded by loldiers, who luf- fr no vellll to pafs till a mandarin has inlpotted it. 'I'he lleet here received a falui.- of three guns; and a mmieroiis body of foldiers lined the banks. They arrived foon at Kori'-Checaung, a city of Cijiial magnitude with the lad ; in the centre of which tluv law a pagoda often doiies, each fiirronnded bv a gallery. After palling feveral large cities in t!ie ciiiirle of this day's voyage, thev anchored fur the night at F.ec-Yaiingoa, which was illnininated in ho- nour of the ambadador. On the ifith, they paffed the city of Kaunghoo, and found fueh an ama/ing number of j inks lying there as impeded their palliige lor fonie time. The canal winds through this place, and its banks (lope down to the water in a very be.*itiful form. F.veiy f|)ul in their palfage give telhinony to the cxillencc of an, and the edeets of mihillry. On the J9th, they obferved the peafants plough- ing. They worked with oxen; and though their |)liuighs were of a very rlumly form, the labour Iccined to b; neatly and properly executed. On the 2d of November they reached acit\' of great extent and trar^o. Several canals meet here; and on the foiiih (ide of it is a bay, eominunieating with the Vcllow River, in which the nobled ficeti of Furope might ride. Thij hills in the vicinity are beautifully HtL-cn ; their ftiinmits are crowned with pagodas; while villas and g:'..dens adorn the lower dopes. I'af- liiig titrough the bay, in which various o|)polite cur- ri-iii, meet, they loon entered a large river, and i'ljiind themfelves again embolomed in a rich and dc- lightlid coiiiitrv. Town opened on their enchanted ii'iifes after town;- and no words can convey an ade- iliiaie idea of the pitlurcfqiic fccnciy that furroiinded litem. They arrived about the hour of dinner, nt a lown (ifuinirual magnitude and beauty, through which the tivcr llowod for the (pace of three miles. I he hoiifcs •■icrc iinifoimly of Inick, varied with a blililh colour- ed done, and generally rile to two dories liigh. IKre they received the military honours Co olten mentioned: and indeed it may in general be obler- 'ed, ill It liicre was neither town nor village through which they palled, tint had not its luandann, and its propoiiionale number of guards anil troops, not only in China, but all.) in the leinotc and lcf» populous rcjioiis of Taitary. 88. Soon iifter, the country alfumed a fwampy appear- ance; the natural confequctice of fo many rivers, canals, and takes, which interfed it. and promote its commercial intcrcourfe. The weather was cold and the mornings frofty. The climate unqticftionably is ad'etled by the large bodies of water which every where abound in this part of the country. They now undctdood th 't it was the Yellow River on which they were failing, probably fo called from feme communications with the '^'ellow Sea. They palled feveral lakes. On the 3d, they faw a numlicr of fifjiing-boats em- ployed in their vocations, and procured from them a i'lnall (ilh, about the (ize of a Iprat, but in navour and form rcfembling the haddock. On the oppofiie (ide of this lake t'oey dil'covcrcd the city of Chun- Fooiig : it is built of a dark-coloured (lone, roofed with tiles of the fame hue. This place appears to be about eight miles in circumference; and from the dril's and manners of its inliabitants, they could eahly determine was both coininercial an' polite. On the ith, they pad'ed two other large lakes; and foon after reached the town of Kiangfou, wl-.ich is large and w ilh d. .\ mandarin and his guards ap- peared, to give the eudomary falutes; and at each end of the lii;e of troops, a temporary arch was erc£t- ed, witii a platform reaching down to the river, very elegantly adorned, to alford a landing to the ambal- fador, fliould he happen to be difpo(ed to dop. At a fiiiall ilidance, tents were pitched, in the centre of which was the mandarin's pavilion, where a collation was ready for the entertainment of his cxcellcncv and the mandarins in their fleet. 15ut the order of the; voyage prevented them from accepting this tribute of hofpitality and politeiicfi. 'I'bey tame to another large town beyond this, of fiiperior beautv, wl'.ere thev dopped to receive a fupply of proviiions, and to be furnifhed with towers for the junks. Here they were gratified with the light of a number of line women, whole complexions were uncommonly fair. I'liey palfed a town in the afternoon, which could not i)e lei's than nine miles in circuit : the walls are of immcnfe height, and feeni to be ancient. Several hundreds of junks were moored along its wharfs. '1 hey entered a lake on the .3th, fprinkled with a variety of beautiful idaiuls: the mod eoiidderable of them contains the palace of a mandarin, with mod heaiitiful fiimmer-houfes, plantations, and gardens ; a lofty rock rofe amid the trees, and fupported on its top a (lately pagoda. They (oon entered another river, whole banks became highly piihirefque, on which, and the adjoining heights, they faw a variety of villas, with gilt pyramids ridiig from the roofs, in the Gothic dyle. They dopped at the city of Mee- yon-Mee-aungto lake in the eudomary fupply ofpro- vifions. Nature I'eems to have formed this place for the purpofes of navigation; and rural beauty to have (ixcd her rcfidcnce in its vicinity. Falling down the river, an unexpctled meander brought them back again upon the city, and adonidied them with its extent and the variety of new profpecls that prelcnted tluinfelves. The mandarin's palace was a fplendid object. It was uniformly built ; the wings were two dories high, and the centre three. The country continued to improve in landl'capc beauty ; the hills were verdant to their tops, and covered with cattle and (lieep. In their progrcfs they obferved a brick- kiln. The materials of wdiicb tliefe valuable articles in building were compofcd, feenied to be a mixture of (and and river mud ; the kiln was of a pyramid form. In the evening feveral pagodas were illumi- nated in honour of the amballador. On the 6ih of November, they entered a town of a mod difinal hue. It was wholly erctlcd of black bricks ; and a« the houfcs were more lofty than ihofe generally fcen in this country, its peculiar cbaraffer made the dronger imprclfion. In a (horttiine after they reached the mandarin's palace ; a done building of lingular architci:hirc. This of&ccr had cret^ed a I' n K tfmnnrirw m I'll' ,n^>:i If :4 9S leinporary 8ob >IEW COLLl-.CTIOM of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. 0' tLMnporary flagc to communicate bciwccn his rcfi- tlence and ilic river, the roof of wliiili was covered with fili< of every (lye ; and from it a mimber of lamps won- fancifully fulpcnded. Ail this was done for the accommodation, and in honour of the ambaffador, if lie or the attendant mandarins fliould he dilJH)fcd to land J hut the circumllanccs of their voyage did not allow ihem to partake of this relpctthil hofpitalily. In the afternoon, the hanks of the river role with fuch a bold elevation as to intercept their view of the country. On account of a complaint againft fome of the captains of the junks, for enihezzlement of provi- lions, the grand mandarin inltitntfd an inquiry after the licet came to anchor this evening ; and being convinced of the truth of the ch.irge, coTidemned tlie culprits to he bamboocd, which lentcncc was put into execution Immediately. '1 hey palfed another town, the houles of which were covered with plarter, and painitd black. At the eiurHncc and the extremity of this place, which is very laige, they failed under a noiile arch. As it was intended to forward (he heavy h.igg.ige from IIo.ing-Tcliew to Chulan, in order to its being con- veyed by fca to Canton, arrangements were ftiadc for li-.is piirpofe. A party of the gentlemen of the em h.iHy, and the fervanls, were lo accompany it; (he amball.idoi and the rcnidinder were lo pioreed over Innd, with only the ablolutc ncccd'aries of apparel and travelling. The grand nwndarin vifilcd every junk on thcgth, the owner* of which he hriell. ex.niiined; and then ordered them lo fulTcr llic punillnnent of the ba;n- boo. I heir crime was kept ,i lecrel. The next day having palled leveral plantations of inllow-trces, they arrived at lloail ;-'i'chew, when the nmks were all fallcned logelher, and every pcr- fon iicioiTging lo the iuile was forbid lo land. Indeed a body of Chinefe foldicrs pitched their tents oppolite to them, as if to awe ihem into conipliancc. During the lime ihi-y lay heic, no circiiinflaiice happened vorthy <>t being recorded. '1 he mandarin of iloang- Tche-y had accompanied them from I'ekin, and being fupi-rior to \'an-Tadge-In, of cuuife allumed the fu- premc direfcluni dunng this p.irt of their voyage. Here he was to remain. The llea^■v baggage, which was tu be font to Chufan, being fep.iraied from ihe light articles they were to carry with ihem to C)anlon, Colonel Uenfon, Capiain .\Iatkiiiiof}i, and party, fet ofl lo join the Ilindollan at Chufan, on ihc lifih day after their arrival; and the fame day alio they left lloang- Tchew. November i j, his excellency, accompanied by liij retinue, proceeded tor ih<' C.n en Kiver, where they were again lo embark in r'lialler junks. On pafTing the city gates, the emb.ilfy received the tuUomary faluie. Iktween ihe two rivers ilie dillancc could not be lels than feveii miles; and the wholi- ("oacc was covered by the city and fuburbs, and lined wiili lc>l- lc. Su!iie were mounted on biiHaloes, which animal carried feveral at a time on its back, and appeared very tlocilc. Their voyage was continued between ranges of mnuntain', prefeniing the molt romaiiiic (cenery. The vallies were covered with tallow and inulberry- trce.s. The former is called the latclioo, and is remarkably beautiful, having I'carlct leaves edged with yellow, and purplilh blodoms. The river on which llu'v now failed, was, at a medium, about three feet deep. The water has a green call, and the bot- tom is gravelly. The city of Zanguoa made a moll brilliant appear- ance on ihc evening of the i5ih, with its illumina- tions. The ellcti was increaled by numerous bodies of foldiers ranged along the banks of the river, with paper lantcins. On the i6ih, the features of the country ihrongli which they failed, were llill inoiintainous and pitlu- refqiie ; and the forts and lalutis became lo frcijucnt tha'. they grew ablolulely lircfome. Indeed, fo much miliiaiy honour was paid to the eiiiballv, that the fa- lutes could only he compncd lo a train i)f wild hie laid from IVkin to Canton, and conliiuially explo- ding as ihey proceeded. November ihc i8th, the country changed to a fine thampjign, in which numerous villages role, amid plantations of tallow and mull;erry. trees. This day tliev palfed a group of waier-milN, all turned by a fmall cut from the river, llowing in a circular direc- tion. Tliefe appeared to he on the Kuropean con- llriitlion: and as they undcrllood, were employed in threfhing rice. The following day the banks of the liver relumed the ulual appearance; and long ranges of mouiuains role into the hori/on. On the 20ih tluy reached a large and bc.tutifiil town, where they were again to difemhark. I he Icc- iiery here might have advaiiiageoully employed the wariiic II pencil. 1 he river funned a central object, on one (ide was llie town, with its appropiiaie cir- ciinidances, and .i niililury cncimpnu-nl in front, with all its gaudy eiiligns; on the other fiJc Infiy |)irpeii(lic(ilar hills bounded the view in the mull luhlime 11) le. ,\s foon as they dilcmbarkcd, tluv proceided next ilay bv land, and h'oii rcacl.cd ilic city of Chanf where, much to their latisfatlion, they found hngcr junks ready to receive them. The mandarin of ilie i-'lace politely lent a variety of fruits and confttlion- ary for the ufc of every junk. Kor two days the weather had been very rainy; it now became more moderate. 1 he country through which they pjlffd was rich and fertile; a few red rocks occalioiully broke the level of the I'cene. On the 2tuh, in ihe morning, the fog was fo thick as tooblcure the country. About noon it dilj)erli:ii; and the eye ranged over a level extent of rice fields interfeeled with villas and gaidens. Their provilions had for fome time been very indilTereiit; not hoiu ncgletl, but the nature of the country. In propor- tion as ihry fared worfe their (i'.iinele junk-men l.nni belters who received not only their fupcrfluity, bui fumciimet almoil the whole. On the 27th they reached a village entirely biii't of mud, with inhaluiants as wretched in appcar.iiuc a.i their habitat' >ns were mean. I'or this light iIk')' were unable to account. '1 he river had now aliumeii a furniittablc V L L S. LORD MACARTNEY'S EMBASSY to CHINA, 80/ 1^ I I'carlLt leaves edged (lums. The river on a mcdiiini, about llirtc jreeii call, and ilie bot- a moll brilliant appear- 5tli, with its iilumina- id hy iimncrous bodies auks of the river, with )[ the counliy through inoiintaiiious and pictu- les bcianie lo freijuent oinc. Indeed, f() much le enibjllv, that the la- 10 a train t)r wiUl lire and continually e.\ijlo< nintry changed to a fine US villages role, amid !)erry-trees. '1 hii day rniiiis, all turned by a ,in>; in a circular direc- :• on the huropean con- ilood, were employed in ii;; day the banks of the iraiice; and lung ranges iri/on. a large and be.iniifiil to (iireinbark. 'I he Ice. ugeoully employed the rornu-d a central object, /ill) its appropriate tir- cncanipnient in from, on the other fide hifiy I the view in the nioil they dilcmbarkcd, liny [1, and Icon rcadxil ilic the aniluillador was rc- n. Leaving lliis, they nd feveral vdlages ; ami m e.irlv in the afierMOon, nts of tea at the palace of (lowed the baggage on )rovided for their accoin- d, and were anxious to found themfclvcs bcfure ic liver now wimicd away ■ Hone, without any coii- jiting ihe appiaraiuc of ime of thefe huge Hones elling»i and every iiitcr- upieil by hojiulane pro- leencry coniimwd lor perhaps unique', '" 'l'^'' ' ■ws intti the moiC diftji" I delighiful picture. '" 1 the city of Iloa-Quo.V tlion, they found larger Ihe mandarin of the of fruits and confedion- iik. Kor two days the ly; it now became tnore rough which they palled I red rocks ocealioiially ing, the fog was fo thick \biiut noon it dilperlcd; :vel extent of rice fuhls, iidens. 'I'heirpriivilions ry iiidiirereni; not lioiu ic country. In propor- C'.iineiejunk-men lardi ily their lupcrfluity, but a village entirely bni't wretclied in »ppear.imc :an. I'or this h^ln ihcv c river luid now aliuimii a I'orniidaUc a formidable breadth ; and as the wind was high, the waves and fiirf relembled thofe of the lea. They paired numbers of fidiing boats, which ferved to vary ilie navigation of the (Ireain. On the uSth, the city of Tyaung-Shi-Scnnau ap- jicared in view. 'I'liey paffed it in the afternoon, and (or eMent and the advantages of fituation, it uii(|iier- lionahly deferves to be reckoned one of the liid in China. Not lefs than a thouland junks la) at anchor before it : it is built near the conllux of levcral rivers, and enjoys a moil i xienfivc coiiimeice. I he grand mandarin paid a vifit on boaid his excellency's junk, and made a variety of prcfciits, in filk, porcelain, and tea. C)n the 29th they reached another village, built with blue bucks, and covered with tiles of the lame colour. I'agodas and the palaces of inandaiins wiie now become familiar objiHs. N'ext da\' thcv p.iifed a city lying amid beaiitilul meadows and orciiards. about two miles didanre from th.e river. IJcyond this the prolpetl bnanie as deli;;hlful m fancy v in conceive. Mouhmiiis roll- into the hori/on, foiclls waved on the (lopes, and (locks and herds covered the vriles. The river w.is now < xpanded to a gre.it br'-adth, and as the wind blew frcdi, the juiiks Coiiie- timcs aipcauil in danger of being cverlet. .At tliis lime the helds were covered with froll. Oeccmber the if(, they (ailed by the town of Saiint-Yo-Tawn, wluic (ever.! (iiperb pagodas role above the fiirroiimling groves. Numerous i'm!)er- yards occupied the banks of the river; and a large qu.iniiiy of timber was immcrled in the (Ircain, which, as they were told, were in a flaie of prepa- ration (or the building of jtiiiks, the principal bulinefs of the place. The cities of Loo-Dichcan, Moiriiin- Dcw, and Chic-a Foo, which liiey now approached, all lie contiguous (o each other. Art and lumirc have united their efforts to increale the beamy of this charming vicinity. At adillaiuc they (iblcrveii vail tiilum:is of fmcjkr, which ro(c, as they were inform- ed, from a porcelain inanufaHory. In the evening ihey reached the ciiy of Chinga-Foo. Merc illumi- nations, the firing of roi keis, and of ariillcry, took place in honour of the ambalfador. 'I hey received alio a prefent of fruit and confcclionary from the mandarin of this city. December a, they paffed the city of Fie-Cho- Jeu- nau, cmbolbmcd in planiations. I- rom its apparent population, and the iiumlKr of junks empioyed in its cuinincrce, it was evidently to be ranked in the lirll clafs of Chincfe towns. On the 3d they were grati- fied with the view of fome beautiful ruin.s. The ori- ginal denitiation of thcedilice they could not ircrtainly difcover; but from the rentains flill vifible, they concluded it mufl have been a work of no common magnificence. In this part of the empire, fituation fecms 10 be duly appreciated. The villas of the mandarins, the pagodas, and even fome of the pri- vate dwelling.?, arc ercfted with a palpable regard to the circumflanccs of the place, and the beauty of the fcenery. '] hey obfervcd numbers of fifliernien em- ployed in their vocation with rods and lines. Iri lakes and large rivers, the fame kind of bait is fre- quently ufed as at fea: nets too arc in very common ufc. In (bme places bamboo canes, fupporting a curtain of llrong gauze, arc placed acrofs the llrcams ; and then the hfli being allured to the fpot by baits, arc caught in nets with great fuccefs. On ir.qiiiry, they found that the rights of fifliery, as in Kurope, are private property. In tlnfe rivers they navigated, a kind of whiting and trout were the molt plentiful. Thefe are fold to the crews of the junks, and the demand for them is very great. Eaily in the afternoon they anchored before the ciiy of \'angon-Chcan ; where the ambjffador re- ceived a vilit from the mandarin. This place occu- pies a coiiliderabic fpace : on one (idc it is bounded by the river, on the oilier by a range of high moun- tains. .A fuccelTion of towns and villages enlivened our voyage during the fucceeding day. The features of the country became craggy and elevated into hills; but fcitiliiy, in every poUible fituation, fhewcd the labour of diligent cuiiivaiiiiii. On the 5ih, the river became very fhoally, and they anchored before dark to axoid the dangers of fihii a navigation. This day they paffed the city of Joo-|enn..ii, fiiuated at the bmioni of a lofty moun- tain. Here they found that the river on which they had fail'.'d rvjmmnnicated with another of equal mag- nitude. The pofuion of a city, at the fonflux of two large rivers, readily points out its convenience for trade. Le.iviiig tiiis place, the flream was divi- ded into two llrcams by a beautiful illet, in which the mandarin had an elegant feat, probably for his occa- fional retirement. In the evening, the city of Kaung- JiK)-Foo prefented the moH brilliant nodurnal illu- ininatio.n they had hitherto i'eoi j an 1 this complimen- tary attention was heightened by a prefent of fruits and confeilionary from the mandarin of the place. C H A P. V. TLfy fonlinue ihtir Piilfi'gc — Ol/iifr a Niimter of Macblnn — Tht-ir Utility — tillage of Shaiboo — PagoJa o/fau-ay —lo:ttt of ir.iii-'TDr^-Tiiiiii — OuUrvtilions — Arrive ,it Sitiiii^- /turn- Foo — Journey over LumJ — Vnfsjrvrral VilU' lei — Dine III he-<.'"u-/hi'~(.ily of iWrnin^-Chiii-Oii — Mamkrin's l\ilaec — Embark — Sepulcbral Monuments — Lar- ger Junks p;i-p,jrfd — A Mo/i>it,iiii cf iwrneii/e /'nfeiiJi,-i, (Se. — Arrival at Qiiiton, the TcnmiMtion of their Foyitge — Remarks — Anih(r tit Sp,d>e,ui — Comltifion, (Jc. IN their paffage down the river on the fith of Dc- ceiiibcr, thcv oblcrved a number ol inaehines with which the thiiu le water their grounds. 'I hey confill of a wheel of bamboo, tur-ied hy a 11 ream, which throwing the waicr iiiio large relerxoirs, it is from ilicnce dillrilniied by lluiccs inio a thoulaiul channels. 'Ihe beauiilul villagi of .Shai-lioo, litii- aicd on a bold i lev.ition, above the river, was the ptincipal objeH in the latidlcape, till the attention was called away by the pagoda of Tan- Ay j the upper part of which being in luins, gave it a more pifclu- rclque and impreffi'e appi aiaiice, and well a.-corded with the charafcler < the liitle burial-place at its loot. In this day's vo\ a 4c the town of Whan-Ting-Taun was the only place of any importance ihcy palled : villages were numerous; and fome huts again made their appearance, of the humblelt conllrufclion. The 8th was the moll remarkable day they had yet experienced. During their whole progrefs they (iiw neither city, town, nor village. .\ few farm-houfes were, however, dilperfed over the face of the cou;;- iry : the banks of the river were lofty, and formed of^ a perpendicular barrier of red earth, flreaked with horizontal veins of flone, in a direfclion perfeft- ly refclilincar. The natural ciiriofity continued for feveral miles. The fhallownefs of the river obliged them again tofliift the baggage intojunksof leffer bur- den ; and in the courfe of the evening they found ihcmfelves in the vicinity of fome town or village, from the number of paper lanterns thcv faw exhibited bv !'•' I n \ III v^' t t [ I . 1: ■Ho8 NEW COLL>:CTION ok VOYAGES and TRAVELS. liy tl'.e foldicrs. and the rdiiipUmeiiiary faliitc ihcy paid tliciii. The wraihcr had for I'oinc days been tciiipcr.ite J hut the face ofthe country was no lotij;cr ihe (.v.ftc. Barren tiioiiniaiiis, Tcparaied by plains that h eiMcd to defy the labour of man to produce Icitilit), now prclcntcd ihemfelves on all hands. Some dvvail'-trccs, however, ani'>ng which the cani- pliire is laid to prcilominate, broke the abriiptiiefs of the (lopes; aiulhere and tlierc a village or a pagoda animated the Iccne. In this place they obferved le- vcral Icpulchral moiniments, with excavations in the locks lu'iieath, as reccpt:'.clis for the dead. The moll elevated Ipots, the moll abrupt precipices, ihey geiic- rallv obferved, were a|?propriaied for the repofc of the dead. ^\ hriher thii choice was determined with a regard to imtoiiely, or from any i'ii|)er(liiious opi- nion tl'.at tlic body niiglit be placed as near as poUiblc lo that heaven wh.ere Ipiriis wing their (li(;hi, they could obtain no fatisf.iBory information. Tbeainiabic virtues, however, of the Chinele, were rendered more tonfpicuoiis by the feeling regard they inii- fornily appear to (hew to the remains of th'ifc they luve once < lleeiiied. They anived at the city of Naung-.\um-Foo on the gth. Here the cndially was to make a day's march overland; and accordiui^ly lbe\ difembarked. The landing-place was adorned with a liiamj)hal arch, bigh'y decorated with (ilken dreamers, and connct.led bv a platfoiiii, with a circular court, rurroiindcd by a Ikreen of lilk. In this pl.uea nundier of liorles vere colkrted, with the choii e of one of which every perlon in the luile wis indulged, for the jo.irncv of the d.iv. The and)alIador, with two or three getiile- men of his fuite, were to proceed as ufiial in palan- quins. The horfes beuig (tlctled, the cavalcade commenced their progrefs; and perhaps fuch an exhibition of cquertrian exercile and grotefquc drcfs, never before amufed a (hinefe populace. The hor- fes were (pirit^il, many of the riders were new to this mode (if trav. Iluig. 'I'hc cries of fiar, and the (bouts t)f lidiculc, were every where heard; ,ind fcarccly could thtv attend to the pafTnig fcenc ; fo much were they engaged by the peculiarities of their own (itu- ation. .Naung AumFoo, through wliich they palfed, is a large walled city ; aiul though the river here does not admit large junks, from the very great number of (mailer ones w hich lined its (bores, ihiy concluded il had 111) inconfidcrable prctcniions to traffic. They arrived at noon at the foot r)f a lofiy moun- tain, where they were obliged to difmount. Having giined li'C alccnt, they palfed feveral vdlages ; and dined at the town of I,ce-Cou-Au, where the road was lined with l()ldiers in armour, to falutc the am- badador as he palled. They arrived at the gates of Naung-Chin-()a, jud as the (un had (unk beneath the horizon. This city (lands in a plain, encircled on three fides by hills, and on the fourth by the river, on which they were to continue their voyage. The boufes are chiefly built of wood, in general two (lories high ; and the Hreets are narrow, but well paved. In exterior appearance and decoration, it prcOrves the general charaflcr of Chiitefe towns. .Soldiers lined the llrcet;, to facilitate their palfagc to the mandarin's palace, a very noble building, confiding fcparaied by an interjacent plain from another enormous rock, ofthe (jmc eharafler, though of a different f<-rm. Another range of hills comnunced after they had Icl't ihefe fhipcndoiis objetls, and continued to cxchiJe their view of ihc country; but no fooner were tluy come to the end of this chain, than a burd of iniuni. nation, carried over mountains and vallies for feveral miles, wrapt the (enfes in ccdacy and adoni(hnu:m ; this line of undulating light was fo various and (0 brilliant, that no words can do judice to its fulilinu' ededs. Imiiienfe bonfires on the fummits reddnud the chnids ; while fpiral dreams of (ire ferpentifed up the afccius, or funk into the declivities below, riie number of lanterns or torches employed on this octa- fion mull have adonidied by their iminenlity, as v.cll as by tlicir ed'efls ; and they can only f-iy, that fiuli a magnificent fpcftacle was never before difpLued to F.uropean eyes. Difcharges of artillery were repenitd at intervals; and night was loU in the anili.:ial blaze. December 15, the grand mandarin ordered the (leet to dop to indulge the cmbady with a leifiire view of the mountain of Koan-Veng-Naum, one ol the natural curioliiics of China. It has a perpendi- cular afccnt from the water, terminating in a peak; and from the face towards the river, fuch cnornious maffes projefl, as menace every moment to fill up the channel of the dream. Hut art has heightened ilic curious circumdaiiccs of this extraordinary mountain. It contains feveral caverns: one of them is about forty feet a5pve the level ofthe waten To this there is accefs by a dight of rteps, guarded by a rail. On reaching the top of the flight, they enter a room ot good dimenfions, excavated from the rock, in whidi Hands an image facred to Chinefe devotions. An artificial dair-cafe condutls to two otlier fiipciinr apartments; and the whole is fitted up by the man- darin to whom the mountain belongs, in a dyle oi rude magnificence, corrcfpoiuiing to the charailer of the place. Having proceeded through a cotintry prefeniiin many (ubiime features, they reached the city of Sin- ving-Ta-Hcng abuut noon. This place enjoys cverv local advantage that can contribute to render it pitlii- relque in a high degree. Lofty banks for a confidcr- able (pace (hut out their view ofthe land ; and where a caltial (ipeniiig gave a wider profpctt, it wa.s not marked with any new features. .Similar obji'it'. occurrctl — varied only by (itapc, or difcriniinatcd hv iiBlit LORD MACARTNEY'S EMBASSY to CHINA. 80 V can only fay, that !'iu'u a li)j|u and fliadow. 'Ilic evening w.is tliccrcd witli aii illumination of liic dillant lulls. 'I he coup d ceil was txireiiKly grand, but inferior to what they had wit- ntlled before. On the i6ih, (Icep rocks, in various grotefciuc forms, fomctinics tinted with iolia};c, foinetiincs the traces of laboiious tadc, were the Prcvailiiir; eha- railer of the landl'eape. 'I hey le.iclied the city of iTini^-Yan-Yeun. It is wcl! foriiliid, of jireat ex- tent and population. The number of junks which lav before it, indicated an mlarged commerce. 'I'ri- Ki'nphal arches decorated the beach ; and fcveral ie"imcnts of loldiers paid the military honours as they palled. Krom this ciiy the river lakes a direil eourie for fomc miles, amid Uiiile and highly culti- vated meadows. 'I'he mouiuains fall into the hack giound. This day one ofthe junk< was in imminent danger of being conlumed by a fpark f.illinj; un()l>f's palace is exatlly on the model of that in which they refidcd at I'ekin. Tiiu-nphal arches arc nuiiitrous and Iplcndid ; and tliefe arc the only publL buildings in the place. 'Mr- population has been clliuiated at a mill un olloiil-: the fubuibs caiinDt rontain Ul's than hall that num- ber. I he river at ( antori is noble and deep; tie water, however, is not wholiTonie for llrangt rs, till its fediment has been allowed to lublide. In this refpecl the natives give themlllvcs no concern. The fuburbs of Canton, in which, indeed, properly Ipeak- ing, all ilie Kurnpean commerce is carried on, arc very extenlive, and every where exhibit coninurci.il opulence; but ihiy have no prctenlions to grandeur or elegance. The viceroy of Canton only once vifueJ the am- b.illador during liislla). I,,uge pre lents ol lu^ar- candy, poue'ain, and nankeen, wi le tlilliibuied to the whole embaily. Kor hveral flays, during the lime (iF dinner, ilie ar.ibaKaelor was entertained wilh Chiii'lc plays, prrfoiined on a lla'j,c eretled licioie the windows of his apartments. On the (.ill day td' the new year 179.1, hisexecl- lencv and fnile were fplend dly eiiteriained In lee- geniiemen of tlie Hrililb fatlory. Tiie band ol imihe which had .iccoinpanied the embady, on the reipi^ II of the faCtorN , were penniiled 10 enier into iis lir- vice ; and in a country wlicie aiiiureineiits are lo lev.' I and conlined, it ci;uld not fail lo be a valual/e ac(|Ui(ilioii. |aiiuary the 8ih, the amhaffad-ir proceeded In \\'liampoa to join the (hips. .'\l the lame lime a deputation of the letinue was dilpatched 10 Macao, to ma'ise preparations for his excellency's reception at that place. We have already given our readers fail defcriptions of thele jjlaces. \Vhampf)a, lieyond which F.iiropcan fliips are never pcriiuiied to pafs, is an elegar.i and populous villag ■, about eighteen miles be low Canton. The river, near this place, is defended bv a land-bank, which prevcnls ilie palfagc of large (hips, except at high water, and two necks o( land, projecting from the (Irait of Hocca Tigris. \'aii-lauge-ln look hii farewell leave of the ambalfador here. On the I4ih, Lord .Macartney iaihlod at Macao; and took up his relidence with Mr. Diuniinond, o;.c of the I'uperearg'Ks of the Kail - iiidia-( oinpaii) . Here the gentlemen of the (everal I'.uropean faiiories have their houfes ; as they are not penniiled lo rcm.iin at Canton longer than is aLlolulcly neceliary (or ihepurpofe of trade. 'The long intcrcourfe which, has ruhnflcd be twecn F.iiropeans and the Chincfe in Macao, has not altered the ellablillied cuttoms and habits of the latter. 'The Chincfe never deviate from the ufages of their coun- irv, which may be confidcrcd as invariable. March the 8th, Lord Macaitney and retinue cm- baiked for Europe, amid the faluies of forts and (hips; and being joined by a large homeward-bound fleet of Indiamen, on the 17th proceeded to lea. 'There was nothing of p.uticular coiifeciuciice winch happened during their voyage. 'They arrived at St. Helena on the igth of June, and remained there till the id of July. On the 3d of September they were fei inudy ahuni- cd bv running foul of a large dcct off I'orihi:.d- Roads, which proved to be the (^rand Elect, com- niaiukd by Earl llowc. 'Two or three of the Indiamen received Iome damage ; but except in this inllaiu e, their vo) age was free from accident, and barren of iniereUing occurrence. After an abfcnce of liille Ids than two years ftcm their native land, ihey andiored in the afternoon ol this dav (ale at Spithead. I Iliii'ii:: noli' tiaomplijhed ihe Sityiiilk-,- of ibis nmaik- al'le Emhassv to Cn\H .\,r.rjball,fir tbc complmionof our ariimiis tdjk, preftnt our A'c./.,'. f.' in ibr u:jl place ■zvilh ngiiiuine Defirif.lion cj'n 7'oiir ibnivi^h C. r k m any, Swn z KRi.AN n, iiitd \i.\\\, iiidudiir^ if!/ ibe P,nti- ctilars of our inrjl eminent Iravillns, and Icing more full ami dcfcrittlive than nny bithnto pulltjbcd. g T ANEW i !1 % :i I'l I i .^:?>'i^<»#*»?r***>5i^^i*>*<:»^^^ tffi iJA m: II A NEW, COMPLETE, and ENTERTAINING. HISTORY of TRAVELS THROUGH Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Genoa, Venice, Rome, &c. Undertaken and Performed chiefly in the Years 1791 and 171)2. Compofcd from the refpcftable Journals of Lady WALLACE, Dr. MOORE, C. ESTE, Esq. And fcveral other eminent Travellers and Perfons of Diftinftion, who have lately vifited the Continent. Containing an accurate Dcfcrintion of the Manners, Litfrature, Religion, &c. of ilie fcveral Countries herein explored, and a Variety of Anecdotes and Remarks nkvtr uefoue t SITED. Collccled, Arranged, and Rc-\\'rittcn by WILLIAM HENRY PORTLOCK, Esq. CHAPTER I. Bf^imting of ibr Journey — Conveyri to Bouluj^ne — Proceed lo Si. Omer's — To I.ijle — dhnil — flnifeh — iJri^e— Cbmifo'iliiiih- — Hpii — Arrnr at Jix-hi-Oxiprlh- — Coniryed lo Du/lildorf iy H<^>'/t'' — Dr/lriptiou theri '?f- — d/h^w— Bonn — // mineral Spring culled h'e-;:tb — .Indcnuich — nija^rccdiie Rotids — Sleep al K'o:i;^lein — Anive cit Hr,:>;:k- f'lxt — /'(/// HelJe-V.jffcl — Defiriplicn of l.'.'e Ta"i ''''^'' ntativts of fools on < Thcv dined, the Iccond utifu'l fpot in the centre views in the neifthbour- t an adjacent valley, arc J they drove riirough an allv contraftcd hy barren d through a pan of '.lie ;rv, of the prince ol Sta- vclo!, vclot, an cciUnallic, with vliom his riilijc tts profel's ihcmrelvcs iatislicd. As they approached Spa they adiiiiri-d, by moonlinlii, it.s line hills richly covrrt'd villi trees. 'I'hey tooU np their jhixlc at the Hotel dii I.mip; a little dilioiira^td, however, bv that emblem of a voracious landlord. '1 liis place is vet very thin of company ; tin; rooms are but I'tlle IVe- qui iiled : the gaiiu Iters ran with dilliciilty draw a (in le round their tables; iluy look very aiixioully at llrangcrs, 'Ihe few Frencli women who are here dance with great elegance : but play is the whole plealure and bulinels of the phicc; men, women and children are all ( au);ht by the phreii/v. They who repair here for health counteract the ell'jtl of lluir inorniiig ride and falutary draughts of water, liv laic hours and riillled palfions. The fouiilains whiih iHue out from amidit thefe ftoiiy hills are, cert.iinly, very cllicacious in many cafes. Kn;;lilli- iiien, returninj; from an Italian tour, vKit them with great benefit; but one is apt to fatuy, that when ladies, who are impatient to ijet their debisdifi luirjicd hypre- lentint; ilieir hulbands with i procured them lodgings ai a private houic ; for, tb.e king of Sweden being then there, not a room w.is dil'engaged at the inns, even for KnglKhnicn, for whom room is always made, if podible. This ancient town, which (harlcinagiie triad.' the f.-at of ciTipircon this fide the Alps, and which con- tinued fo to be till the lime of t'harles the liflb, afhirds but few circumllanrcs to interell the atten- lion. Ihe cabinet ("a cpiaues portes) remains a moiuinient of a (illy dilpiite for national preccdciuy. rlie dome of the cilliedral, in which many emperors have been crowned, is fupported by large pillars, brought from ('onllantinople. from Aix-la-Chapellc they were conveyed llowly, bv luliers to Dulleldorf, by horfes. '(he fniall, \\*cll jilantcd enclofures reminded them of Kngland ; tlioy arc not adorned, however, by the fre(|ueiii neat liDufes which enliven our profpctls. Dull^ldoif de- rives an air of dignity from its palace and great (iuireb, though thefc buildings are not particularly ilillinguiflied for their llyle of architcUurc. The jLilacc has the appearance of a deliricd relidcnee, and a folitary guard or two fuggefted the idea of departed magnificence. This place and its environs .Tre not tinpleafant. The river UuHel, from which the town takes its name, falls into the Rhine here, kkI Hows with that river, in a refpedable channel, ihrougli a cheerful country. The fociety of the nciglibourhood is dclcribcd as jiolilhed; but with I'rciKli politencfs has been introduced fonicwhat of IrLiich diiTipation, among the higher ranks, who mix not with their inferiors. 'Ihe flyle of li\ing Is not expcnfivc. There is no tax, but a fmall land- tax, iinpofed by the three orders of the dillrifts of l!erg .iiid Juliers, who ademblc here to tax tlicm- fflvi'S. The country between Cologne and nuffeldorf is flat. At I5( nrah, a few miles from Dulleldorf, they law an elegant chateau of the eletlor, w nich, how- ever, contains nothing remarkable, and is fituaicd in Rardciis Hit}" and formal as art could make them. Culognc is (Incly (iiuatcd for trade, which once llouiilhed here. It was one of the Hanfc- Towns, and a free city, and formerly contained 30,000 men, and Hood a liege of the whole empiic. It is now badly governed: its corporation is rich; its iradi; and population arc decayed; its llrtcl.> and building.* are diiiy and uniinprovt d. Tlic few I'lotcltaius who arc here are not tolerated in their worfliip, but go to a cliureb at Mulluiin, (ix miles luitlier in lie palatinate: lliefc, howe\er, are the chief prouioieis of Ir.ide. The Koni.uiili . exbiliit tlu ir dark cathe- dral, and iiumbcrlcis nioiiallerics: live in povrriy to fuppott an overgrown minidry, not rcipetlai^le for character ; and tell their fuperditious and chil- dijh dories of St. I'rfida and her elevtn ihoul'diid virgins, and of coa( h-h.i(.luri Icpie ruins of an old callle. A good inn is edablifhcd there; and the adjacent grounds arc laid out, bv tl'.e elector, with every attention due to nature. 'I'lie waiiT, which relembles that of Spa, thoiigli it is not I'o (Irony, is laid to be very cdlccious in (iinilar cafes. I'rom hence they drove tbrongh a mod enchant- ing country by the (ide of the i^hine, beivecn mountains perpetually var\ ing and richly clothed. "Ihe houles and frecjiu nt towns, delightfully fituated, relkct a cheerful light (rom their while (ronts and dated tops; and the patches of corn, in- termixed with the vineyards, fpread a glad appear- ance of plenty around them. A fine Ipiral hill crowned with a rock)', callle-likc building, (brms a noble objett for many iniUs. The whole ride to Andernath is one of the moll beautiful in Furopcr it runs ahuig a road which was made, as an infcrij)- tion informed them, untler the emperors Mantis Au- reliiis and Lucius \'crus, in 162, and repaired and widened by Theodore, cledor of Havaria, in 1768. Here our travellers dept. Andernach was one of the fevcn ports which )u- liati built after the dcdruclion of the barbari.uis. From this town to Cobleni/, the coiintr\' is inferior only to that which they had ])aded the preredingday. The polition ol the city on the Rhine, at the inoutb of the Mofelle, is remarkably (inc. The new part of the town is well built; the new jialacc is hand- fome, but the (itnation is by no means to be com- pared with that of the old one, which dond at the foot of the noble fortrefs of F.lihrcnherdeiti, lacing the Mofelle, which here pours its yellow dream into the Rhine, but is very inferior to the '1 hanics. Of the Rhine one can never profel's fudicient admiration; it has every beauty that poetical defcriptiun hath ai- tribiiti d to it. One wilhcs, it is true, to fee tnore vcfTcls on the Rliine; but it.s navigation is impeded by heavy and injudicious taxation. The current is likewile ex- tremely rapid, and ved'cls afcend with the gicaied (lidiculty ; but large rafts of tiinber flo.Tt down and give a peculiar charatlcr to the river. Inllead of proceeding liy Maycnce to Franckfort, they unfortunately took the road by Mimiabner, I.inibourg, and Konigllein, and were jumbled over a continuation of rocky floncs, to the imminent hazard of didocating their bones and breaking their carriage. They were obliged to deep at Konigdein at a wretched inn, which, however, ihcy cxclianged next I morning '!)! If » 1 : NEW ( OLLECriON oi VOYAtihS and TRAVKLS. ■■I ! wi ^'^% uuiriiiiin I ir (l.c retliioiilc at Ki Jiu'kfori, mu- ul' ilic bell ill tJiii'|)i.v liuwcvcr, I'r.incMori il^(>Hl^ Ihi'u' p;iiciy lo llic (h'.iri.;rr CMiiii at a ci)rii>;.iiii)n, oi dmiui; ll'c iniic u il (.• I.iir, wlii'ii llic iiioiniiv.i^ iiic ciilivciicti l)y ilie biilllL- tA biilincis, iiml the cviiiini;'. Jill's mcrrils in ibc rd i.v.iiions of rucccCs ;ii.(l m tin.- iliirit of Dtcalioiial iiniuli^LtKO. I lie ibitl llmt In tiic town is l|)aiioti> ; ilii; biiililiMn> Inch as wc.ililn intrcluiiiis niiiiild ii)li;ibit : biii iouic <>l ilic lioiids an.' ilislivjiiied by paiiitins ami lallclcls i iiil'pililiiiin.-iits. 'I'lu- iii'ni \s Will <;i)vi.'rii('il !y iis two biii[;()inullci.s .Tiul f. nucs. The .i.tjari. 11! (1< iiciubnciif, (iuiaiitl in a flat )iltiiii, ari' inaikcd niuby fotir ti>vv< rs all vitibl>: at oiK'c. I be town is t,i|(J to coiiiaii) tliirt\ iluiui.iiiil J! liilntaiUs, Roiranills, I.mlifraiis, C'aiviiiill.'., ami jiws, all oF wliicb 1 avo now ilicir piaci-.s of jau'lic Wi'illiip. The l.uihcraa fpirit, however, picv.ris in ibo inagilliaiuri;. I Ik' Roniaiiiils arc not uHovmiI in partake of tic go\\;iinieru, or lo have a pii!)l:c pro- ctllioii olilic boll; ami the C'ulviiiills were, nil lately, oi/.i^-d to have ibcir churibi's at Docbtiiiuim, in iiaiiail. llic I' ws arc iicli, but are (.oniptllcd, by an iilclels and iUibcial ptilic\, to rcliJc i'l .i fcparatc part of tiic town: in that ojipi.llivc ';'irit iikcwilc \\''.i\] w!:.^h (i.cy arc every v. here- ni.'.'kcd out, they iwc obli^Kl to foteb wiicr t.> c\iinf;iii(h every lire that bap;)ctis at I'ranckiort. I'lic trade ol'ihisiovm, and indeed of Cennany in general, is liijiiuiled 'o decrealo, liiicc the c.vpoit ol (ierinan coniniodiiie.^, lhroii;;!i I-'ranekl'iirt, leaiec aisiount.s to a lentli of itic iuijiorts from I'laiice, Holland, liaU, and oilier countries, 'llic revcnus, from eiilloin and cMilr, and cotilrihirion levies, animint to above 30,cojl. per .UMUlPi. 'r.ioi'c w i;o have inir(ii!;i(Voii to ibc inercbanis of tl'.is li)\vi!, may conveile wiili men of eldjrsi'd i- liberal n'liniis. 'Ibc jjieat leloit of ilrangerj ha tioduced a franknel» of manners; and the travclh r e.'.lily finds perlons as williiij;, n they are well cpiali- fled, to eoriiiiitinicate intbrniaiion lie may ainiile binilell ;d(o at the cabinet literairc, wbirli is well liipi.licd with books and foreign p.ipeis. 1 he peojjlc at prvlcnt b.ivc no public ainuleiiieiii, liut that of rep.iirin^ lo a kind of vaii\ hall wood, down tlic Maine, w.'.ete they ilivert thcmfelve-. with inoic ^oodhuinour than fleg.uue, partieularl) dimkinjj, and dancing what they call the iL\tlfc. Tbc Maine is not beautiful near I'raiif kfort. 1 be boufes on its banks are too tlofe to eath other, and iiavc nol.iwns or gaidens deltcndin;^ to ihe river: tbe\' ai<; built of wood or fb)ne, and aic fl itcd ; but bear no more inaiks of lalle in arcbitetlure than thofe at Dulwith. The r^mparts, as thofe of many other towns in (icrniany, arc generally planted wiib limes, wbirb finely fceiit the air: tlicy afford plcafant walks lo itic inbabii.int.s. Our travellers vifiicd llefTc-CafU, wh'tli is about one hundred miles from Franckfort. They pafled through foine of the territories of the Landgrave of IIcllc-Darmlladt, and airived tlie firft d.iy at Mar- fjuig, formerly an Imperial town, but now lubjetl to the prince of 1I< fTe-Caliel. It has l)ut a mean appearance; it is irregular and built on a fmall eniiiience : tbc caltic, wliicb overtops II, IS fail verging to ruin : it commands a view of a country fomcwbat wild and romantic : the furround- iig bills arc well varied and well wooded. Tbc iiniverbiy here, thougli fo near to Gottingen, flou- rifhes. They look in vain, however, for coHege edifices, amiud the poor buildings of tbc town, .Maibiirg derives no ornament from the river I.oghne, on which it is fituatcd. The waters of this (I I cam, however, though not brilliant, furnilb the l.irgell cray-fifll ever feen ; and it is remarkable, that lliey continue black after they are boiled. From Marburg to Cairel, the diflance is about fixiy miles, iniougb a country well divcrfified. Tbey noticed, amidfl variety of vegetation, the beech and <,ik as very fine, and the wecpin.; liircb as rcmaikably elegant. 'I'lie hou'cs, fcatter.d here and there through the country, arc built in .i ba I lisle, willi rr lis and dif!ercn'.ly ci/uiured bi.nii^, like thole in (/hefliire. Callel is a mull beautiful town: il rini'whal re- Icinbles liath. They took up ilicir abiile in ihc circu« : the |niblic buildings are handlonie, and liavc a clalTical appeaiance; llie mamge is Ijghi and ele- gant j lie pavilii.n i.s buill in a ^oo' II) le .Ouili ; it is wbimlital and pi il- ly : but ilicv were lbe»n alio an ap.uin.tiit ililigmd as ■ a repfcleiitation (d I'.iil.ous; tlio wind.;ws oi whii h were inllanud \»iib lljined glafs, iuij \,;i,ih ij filled wilh tl.i'iical ligir- s <.f (^r^')eus and i'.ur) dire, I'biio anii I'roleipii.e, rair,.ilii>, and Ixion; ihc f).inaida-, I'lomeihcu;, lliicules, Ceil'cius, .ml olber iiuil:ulogeal p' ilon.ige.., who ii.ay as w,.l ccafe to exill except in poeiieal defeription. 'I'bey left Franckfoit the day after their return from Cairel. 'Ihe country improved in beauty ,i; tbev approached Maycnce, |uly (>, which is ai''jiu twciiiy :ndes from Frani ktoit. Mayince, or Mini/, is liiulv btuatcd on the cun- lliieiice f)f the Maine and Rhine. '1 iie .idjjciiu country is covered wiib vinivards, anion ; which, n '. 1,11 diiUiii, is ihe pleafant village of liockheim, w!:er; tbc f.iniiuu bock wine is produced, of wl:iili llic Augultines of Mayenec and fianckfort have the exrlufivc polleflion. .\layeiice, wish its e:ithcdi.il and palace, prelenis a grand appeaiance lo ll.e iia- vcller, who approaches it by the road. Tbey ei liieii it bv the biidge ol boats, which extends about levii. hundred and fi\ty-fix feet acrofs the RhiiiC. I hit rivei, however, is near fourteen hundred feet brci'!, where it receives the .Maine, not far liom li c town. 'I'lie palace of Mariinfburg, is .i Gothic buildii't; "f tbc fifteenth century. It contains fcvcral ina.;::i- liccnt and well lurnifhcd apartments, which romiiMia! a view of the Rhine, and the Rl indgaii, but w!:il1i exhibit but few pictures. The caibedral cannot la' admired for its archiletlure, though the tower woiil ! be rather gr.iiid, if one could divcll n of lome iri- fling appendages, added by way of orn anieni. I Ik fouiidaiions of the building were laid by .Vrclibilhu;! C'oiirade, in the twelfth ccniury. There are ten collegiate churches at .Maycnce, liu convenis for men and four for women, which ai.' certainly luflicient in proportion to the nunihcr el inliabit.uits, which aninunt lo ihiriy tbouland. 1!:" nobility pique themfiUes much on the pui;iy li their delcent. The chapter prefeives, in Ionic mcj- fiire, its freedom of cleelion. Iteiij)\s a rcvemn' of near ;^oo,cx^o guilders. Tbc provoll's Imu! indicates tiic ali'lucuce of bis fiiuation : il is furiiillul with great fplendour, and with more luxuii.iiuy •: tafle, fome think, than becomes an eccleliill The clergy, however, have ellablifbed a good n putjtion li»:re, by the propriety of their giiici I combifl : and tho' late ami | r^ (eni clcfhir l.i^s labeuiiJ \ V V. LS. try, ;irc built in a ba I town ; II I u\) [lic;r abi'Oi^ uii'-whai rr- in ilic iiri- linrnKunK-, anil liavo hiiii.i ;i- i.s iinlii iitid cic- I ,1 ^(Hi ' II) ic ol'iirdii- :(.(l ill i;;\uU-n« iKiliiimil oiJiim irii's; anil fiili- ol canal) -bin!*, w' icli It ilicin. I be iiMirium, indnraM', rifik'iiik il i: is inilfhliil I'lir iii.kiv of lie buildiii'^: ll'i- libraiy, live buiulic'l It II bill'., uuiliuni contains a v.i- ; );pms and orn.Mni.iiiN, (.liik ini>iJi.l> i>t' Iniild- 1, ibrv .':l\\ a few liccr, is inlro- tisiccn ll c Wiu.Js. The : iaii<''.;ravc and hi< T.un H.iiii. V: itii tl'.c Ciiin. !c It IS ttbiriilital aiid jnu- llo an ap.iiiii.>.tit <'<■ ii(;iiid iii.4iiis; ilic wiiul-».i (li l.iinid I'lals, sMid \....^\\ is Or, Ki!s ami i'.ui ) diir, iiv.al'is, anil Ixioiij (he aTCuIcs, Lc-ilicilis, .in I i-'H'-i ^*'" '"•'y ''^ ^^■^' L'lual dfiiription. ic d.iy after tbeir return y iniproved in beauty aj luly (', \sliich is ai'uiit or!. Iliulv (itiutcil on ibe con. d Rliuie. 'l lie ad|atciu levards, anion ; whicli, i: '. ilav;e ol Ilodslieiin, w'l-: ' produced, oC wliiib t!;>; and Kianckfort have ilic yeiici', >*iib iii railiedi.l ind appeal ance to tl'.e lu- iv ibe road. 'I'liey cnuuii wliich cxieiu!< about livii. I acrofs tbe Rliiue. Hi:* urleeii liuiidreil teel biiMil, klaiiie, not far liom tic urs, is a Gothic buibiir^'f I contains fcvcral ma^"i- lariineiiis, uliieh coiniiMi.'i tiie Rl iiidjr.iii, but wl.i-li I In- cathedral cannot l^i' c, ibou^li the tower von'.'. o'llld divell H ol lome in- !)y way of orninienl. I ''> ,; were laid by Arclib;ihui> cntury. z ciuirchcsat Mayencc, hvc inir Tor women, which an- oportion to the nUMiher »0'^V'a|?:i:*A>»;*i;*jj^^^^4jifl|;43|- J3k^i .-^i^.-t:-^f:i:.«}iiti-Aiinii*X-^r-^ i ii;i wliiJ m ||;: 1,1 m ft'll M 'JKAVILS iniM.tcwi GKK.MANV. SWII /KRI.AND, ano IT.'viA". 8«,'J l„l>t)iircJ M-ry ailidinninv Hir liair re Torin.Midn, ai.il hiv,' l'u[i[>ri'f!i il foiiK; iiuiiulk'rii's, applyiiiij ilio luiiMiii;;* and ri vi'nii.' ii» RitDfl piiipofi •*. I'lu- t'.Itii'atioii III tiic |)L'ii|)!c lias luriialKi .iii< iidcil i<> ; .I'.ul tiu- rc.idii.^ (il ti.c r.ri|>uiic'.s not diiiiiiiia^(.'d. "I lie iiol»diiy licri; livr in 1511,11 lliili:. 'l Ik- iiaii')\v llik:t.t.> lurdly allow a (idlago lor tlic old dij^iiiJKd ca. rij';"s. In itic riimnur ilu' !ii;;,licr ranks (|iiit Miycncc fur llii'ir Imill \iui)di II IwMiks, winili .in- ll'mwii piil- l:lv ii>j;' iIkt, I'Diii-tliin:; in llic 'l'iiii!)ridi;c-\Vills ttyii:, aii.nit two or tlircc mill's from ilic lowii. Sirain;i'r«, hii'1 par(icularly ilic l''.ii;;lifli, arc vill ri'cciM-d .It Miyciicc, and olxaiii, wulioiii ilillicuUy, adinilliiin to rlf/;ant ioiici) . I.c.iv ill.; M.iycnic, tlu-y drove liy Oppfnlirini lo WUiiiis, by llic (IVkr of llio Kliiiii-, vliiili {[iri'jd. itiVIC 1)1 l^^cclI liiiiks rnii;;i'd with \crdiiri- lo tin' vd.\c oi the water: ils iV/ci ps arc (iiirjy Irokfii by id.'.iuls. 'I'll ■ mini'boiii'iiii; lulls, however, au- Icl'i lii li tl',.;ii ll.u'.i- lluy liad inn bcloro. Manlii'ini i« a very biaiiiiful town ; 't i> roriirK-d after C'oborir.t manner : i;« llreen are Ipi'cions and rejjiilar. 'I'iie elrii.r's palare is (ililalcd ..' llie jiine- iion of llic liliiiic .iiid N'eet.fr : it lias little exterior b.auiy of artliiiediirc, liii'ii;;!! ii Ii.is tlie apiuMraii.-i" •iT a palace. As ibe town 1;.;. but lilllv: trade it lul'- Uax nnicli from tbe alifi iii e of llic court. I he ii/tlreri, as 111'.* is called, fLTdes at Okerflii im, viliich is u few mile* on!'.' frojri M.inbiini : tbe ( lee- IT, bciii>; of tin; Roinifb faiili, preb r* Mii;iicb, as l-e llure refides imon^ boils ea|l:oI;ijiiP.'< ; for hero, i1:;m;>;L funic of t!ie hi;;l.er rank-, prof.lls the reb^'ioii i;l tne totirr, tbe bu!';. of tlie p<.i)p!e h.i> emlir.iecd llie leforiiud priiuiples; and the C'al. inids lave tl e lar.;-,ll portion of ectlell illie.d prop. iiy. '1 he pro- pie at Manheiin liy, th it tbe e!eil..t''i coii!'( I'.-.r ie..(li(i bim, that it is more iiieiiiorious to maKC I !• IKS iiiib-r.ibic tliaii profi dors ol the true faith: they fe>-in, indeed, to have imbibed t!ic deniocra- ti. d Ipiri! J but it diews itfelf in too low and d;iriii;.; iiil'.il, ncc to conciliate the l.ij^ber ranks lo its p;irt\'. Poliiical rubjeil.s, bowever, bci^iu to be dirinllid, ai.d the dileuliion will lead 10 tbe.dil'covcry of llmic fii!ij'.:(ls fur difeonienl. J be place I'wariT.s wiili rc- fi..;.e rreiub; tlie Tabic D'llotes reloimcl wuh llkirnoiry polities', iip.iii wliitb convcTlatioii is in \.:iii prolilbilcd. Maiibeim itielf contains near twenty-five tbouf.Mid inlMliiiaDlx, iiitliidiii|» a qarrifoti of five tbnuraiid in.n. 'I lie litii lion of the town, which w.is built in I'l'P'ifiiion to lleitlelliiii^. was injuditiiiiiny cboLii : i;:e water is very bad and unwf.oli lomc ; and kl'i a.Ivanta.;(' is derived from tbe iiei;;hli(mrbood of tlie Kliiiic than mii^ht have been eNpeeled : it is not even liip;)hed witli iit'h from it, ilie llreaiii In iin; loo wide aiid loo rapid for nets: r,iid il is provcrbiallv remark- ed at .Manheiin, tliat iinlel's the land be debr.;cd am! daiiia'^ed by inundations, llie river i.i of no value. After leaving .Nialibeiin, they lloppcij a few miles fioin the town to look at ll'.e eleilor's palace and gardens at SchwefTinj^en; the palace is feldoin thoii;;!',l worth the trouble of a vifit; the j;ardens arc lar^e, and adorned with canals, oraii;^iries, llatucs, fi>iin- laiiis, berccaus, amorous nepiinie.s, cupii's ridiii'^(m Itt'ans, Hags, fpouting water, ivc. &e. very li.iud- liiiiic to be furc; but conlideriiii; that the eletlor kldom relides in this country, and lias lo many palaces, it is hardly worth while to fpeiid .10,0^3 guilders every year to ke''p tbcir. up. Indead of lakiii;; the lleidelburn road from heme, which would not have led llieiii to deviate much from their route, tl.cy drove over a faiidy country, ilirou';h woods (dlir, aliout tliiity miles to Wai^benlel ; and had, for the bid time, leafon to complain of a C'.er- inaii inn, VVa(ihenlel beins but a biiall \ illajv ; il'-'V left it, however, caily iie.xt morninj;, ami drove tivcr rich tob:tcco lands, and throui^b deli'.;hil'ul woods, to Carlftuhe, the chief relidencc ui the iiiarnravc of Uadeii, whole beautiful ttriitories run 88. .doii:; the Rhine to the borders of Swiucrlaiid, tlioiis;li fcparatcd by fomc intervtninj^ dillritls. 'I'ldj is a very neat ifiwn and coiidrii'-l'd in a rcmirkablo manner, fiiice all the llieets are termin.red with a front view of ihc pal ice; .itid coiiiliiute, .it it \^erc, the r.idii of an b.df cjrJe. The pal.ice of Carllrubu colli lins little del' rvin-.; notice. .Stran^cr.s, and par- ticularly Km-lidimrn, who II ly .Tiiy time at ('.iilliiibe, .III' ulii iliy invited to p,iii;>ke of the burpitalitv ami clu'crdil plearurts of thi.s court: tlicy arc rceived with mill il afl.ibiliiy. At Kallade, fifteen miles from rarlfrube, tlicy looked at another p.d.ice, where thev law nothini; temark.ible, except a cabinet of Tiirkifli aims taken liom the '1 inks about a century fiiice, by an aiuedor i.f the l.;te inirnravc; and the room in which llic tre.ity of Kadadc was concluded, in 1711, by X'illars .it'.d t'.ug.ne. From the top of this p. dace, wliicli eoinmaiids an cxtenfive prolpcH, ibey dilccriied, at about ten leai^iies didance, the Ipires of SirafbiirL;. Ill their drive to lUine, which is about twelve miles didaiit from kadade, they could not but re- mark, bow much the cli.ir.idcr of this country mull b • ehan^ed ; for tlioiii;h the bills arc tojiped willi ruined callles and bndsen walN, which add -^reat beauty to the pittureli]iie fcencry of the country, wbete well wooded, p.idure, and arable land, arc dtliv;hlfuliy iiMermixe^l, not a modern boil'.', of a;5pe.iraitcc be\'ond a cotiac;'.", is to le I'ccn. 'I'ba people fecm but thinly fcattcred : tbe women are here and in other parts of (Jcrmnny th.c chief laboii- rers : they appear to have '.^rcat dren);th, and braw- ny limbs J they wear a very lar!;e Oi.i.w liaf, that il both pnral'ol .ind parapliiic ; niid exhdiit under lb' rt pcl'ico.its, le;;s ihirk as any in S.-ctland, and as little adorned with diocs and dorkin;;s. The country from I'une to l-'rei'nirq, in Urif^aw, which is about (ixty miles fuftl:er, is (inel) cultivated: the rilini^ f^rounds arc occ.dinn.dly covered with vineyards; and the valley of Rinlini^, which flopoj from a line chain of hills into rich meadows and pudurcs, is animated with cattle. They pallid throii:;!) f.jmc Imperial towns which prd'els i!ie Ro- mifll faith; and others which arc chielly I iitheran. I'rcibur^ was formerly the rcfideiue of the Inlhop.^ ofliade, who quitted it in i^-;!, when the cnnton of Hade joiifd in the Helveiic union. 'I he cathcdr.d is li.nbi and elegant, though disligiircd by painting in the (^.erman taltc. After leaving; Freibur;^ tixy difcovcrcd the fiiowv tops of the Swifs mountains. They remaikcd iii ycderda)'s and this rl,i)'s journey that many of the trees were dead, and found that they were dedroyed by the feverity of the winter prercdinqthe lid. The Women of the country, between FreilHO" and Halle, wear their hair bound fancifully enough with ribbon, ihou;.'h fi'ine prefer a biiail hat cr:m[:led up like a Ibrivelled inulhroom, which is- very ugly. I'hey .urivcd, after a ride of aliout forty miles, at IVidc, by (i\ o'clock in the cvcninj^, or ratlier leveii o'clock, reckoning by the clocks of Hafle, which, for foiiic rcal'on not well remembered, are alwavs an boiiT advanced. They took up their ainide at les 'I'rois Rois, as they dyle the three eaderii fn'es. Their rooms overhung the Rhine, which ran rapid under their windows. liade has been filled with ctnigr.nnts fnmi France. It has no dreets or buildings remarkable for beauty; a modern lioiifc or two, indeed, exhibit a dyle ol' architeOurc I'uperior to the plain charaBcr of the reft of tbe town. The cathedral is chielly remarkable for containing tl:e tom'js of K.rafmiis, and Gertrude, wife of the emperor Rh-idolpb the fird: the ramparts are pleaf.int. Our ir.',eil-.,s think the inhabitants of the tow II .imount 10 about fixteen or feventeen thou- fand. TliC town appears, indeed, thin of inhabi- tants : the number.s dccreafe becaufe the burgbcrfliip is very rarely conferred on llrangers. '1 he manners td' the people arc plain and limplc : there is iu» parade of eiiuipage, no theatre, no bulUe of buliiicfs, $ t' 1)9 ■ \] it 1 i f f \ t i 8il NKW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and 1 RAVELS. no tliioiig> of ulKiicrs. The iinivcrfHy at lladc docs I 01 floiirilih. TIr- library licri: loiiiains foinc antiques an'l ionic natural curiclilics, witli romc liiic piMurcs and drawinf;s' of Uolbc' , wliicli arc liijilily prclcrvcd, and (hew the progrelli^c ininrnv enieiit ol' IiIa ,)clieil : fo'.iu; ol' iIkii) were painted wiuii !ic was in liis fix- tcemh year. '1 he) rode one cvei.ing to fee the famous garden at Aricftiriui ; it is lonnpofed orioini- [ I'.iCint walks, which aleend in a natural, cafy man.ver ilir()ui;ii wood.t, on the (idc of a hill, and which open upon ioinc (ii;c points ol view over .All'atia and the adjaccni coiitrtiy. riure arc foinc wcllconirivtd i;rM(toes in liicr grounds; in one of which is a htii.l liprcfcii.aiion • of a Relurrctlion, which is fo contrived as to pro- duce a great tllect. CHAP. H. Ln/i: !-c in!'^ S-vilzrrJand — D fn-lptitn of Slciu — I/iiiffcnlnir^ — Ilr.vcnJJciit — C.ol'fnlz — Din^ at I aurliu^fn — AnuiOt SibiiJLuifiii — Its Airu//r,i" i1ppfararici---li'f iiiH of the Rbiiif — A li'idJin^ — Sltfp tit Slucblchii — Pioa-ra lo MiiicI/mIj — IjlinJ cf Rhhtinu — CoKjIancf — lift lb-- IjLind of Mtiiuiu — Ho/ — /'c/d\i — Cement of Miiii duyg — Si. (.'uilli-us — AitK't- at Cil.mtS — nilajic r,f(!tii/fr — .1pp(-:izi-! — (J/-rnriJ—Sfm:zv^.'il — Sti'iiz— If oJiii- li!)^, isfc. is't.—ijjibi of Pfifir — Like of H'alltnjladt — lt\fn — I'unleniruck — Leii'.kil -Rcmrn to GLims. B-.t .' : i-v !i m ; ■'! H\\'IN'(» hired horfes- for iluir carria);r, and hideis to ride, they Kit JJaile July \\r laih, and rode aboiil li:. leauius hy the lidi. ol the Rhine, to Stein, a villaj;e diligi-.ilull) litiraied on that liver. It is at the foot of Ionic I'.ills which (oni'iiar.d a de- licious profpcd. They alccndcd to the fiimnut ;>f one, which is didiiifjuilhcd hv a piojetlin^ rock, ai'.d had a nia^nihcent view of ioinc I'.ills richly clad, and of the river wiiidw.^ throa^h a lu-.ntil'ul valley. .At the fiilf cntr.mce into Svviizerl.ind they were flriick with the gre.itiiels of ti;e nialeiials which nature has to work. (Ml. 'Jhe nc.\i da)' was ap]iropriaied io iiiark tlir- rich vo- lume of vapour rollin;^ alonu the lop of the hills, which gradually difpcrltd after a lullesi inorning, de- fccnding occad.Mially in light fliowcrs, between which the (un enlivened an cnchantiiit; conntiy : they rode t!'.r"',i^h woods of oaKs, and Iplr) lirs, by the foot of will planted hills, 'i he Rl.iiie lia^, indeed, more of tl.e green ih.'.n ol the li'\'er cill. 'I'lic majoiiiv of the towns throiig!i <»liicli they palTcd, after leaving 15.dle, belong to the cirpcror, whole territories Ikut the (Vontitis of .Switzerland: lie) (lopped at Laulfenhiiig, vhieh is about fix rnilo from Siciii, to look at its old caflle, and a fall ©f the Kbiiie, which, pent up hero in a n.ri'o** chan- nel, throws itfcH pireip;toi:ny i:v< i rocks, when 11 meets with r.lifl.iivc and (bair.s ,<» vinKiit eddies with a boiling fiirf,tfc. At no gicat diltancc Ton) I.iiicc the)' (Icpprd at llaverJUin, and .dcended a {\c> y I ill 10 ex-mii:' ihc ruiris of .1 f ilHc whn h l.rnicily beluiiged to tin c>i:ints of hrcibur^, and wl icti wa.s tliiuwn (J"\*ii by an caiibijiial.c in 1 j,'fi. A< i' i^ >'■< tl.r iMjiiiicra of Soleure and i'i4\\li, it w.is doninlcfs f(ken wall* il.iy had a phaling view of I'li Hliiiie, and loini; Ueuhboiiring liiill. Ilaving (untinucd ilielr ride by thr '^anlvs of the Khine, at the f<'c>t of Ik^piiig lidlt on wiileh iho vines cliinbed up, as it were, to inn ( the fun, 1 hey pafled by C( '.'1. iii7., a town of which the nanir, as \scll as that of CoblcnlZ at ibe juri(:lion of the Rhine and Molelle, is dc(criptivc of its (ituatioii, bciitij dcrued frmn ( onfhicniia, for here the .\ar and .mother liver bring (heir waters to iiicieafe the bioad and rapid fire nil of the Kl inc. '1 he road fioiii Made to Stl,.i(rhanfen is more inteiclliiig than traveller!) have in i^ent lal tepoited. 'i'hc cotta^^es o.» the hills arc cciiainl) pitluielqiic ; (hey lefeiiible ihofe whicli may be (ecu in the in lyh- tioiiiiiig part) of (icriniiiiy, being built of da:k lir viih projinmg roofs. The drds of ih>.' nun h.ii un aiiticjtic call, tiiey ^^car a kind of pulled bpanilli Liieeclies. ()ut travellers dined at Laiitldngcn, w liicii hi longs to piin'.'C .Schwirt//'nl)urg, and i.s on the verge of the IJh.ck 1 1 itll, which is the largill d red in (icr- inany, and l, 1,111. IS (ome heauliftil rocks which rile lever.il feel liinii tlir water, co'cred with flirubh) wood; beat back from tiiefe it rnfbcs round, and by three j'.rand op('nni.;s precipitates its fall, in accunuihitcd iiiallts, lor hfiy or (i\ty feet pcrpendicul.M. r.i,;iiig and foaming viih wondeiful violiiue, and (hrnMing up a tlnck c!ui) and fiv)wer of fpray. In the view from ihf fronr, as tl.e banks nppro.ich in the peifpcttise, the rivir appears ahnoll icirronndcd by a hue ariiphilhcatrc oi hills I u hly covered with trees. /\fter viewing it at the bottom of the delceni, and looking up at ii> arched fall, Mini afier coiileiTiplaiing its broad and magnificent (rout fiom the be.ich, they eroded over in a li;tle boat to the raftle o( J aidlin, in which a b.i.ldl, from /.urich, refides. Frcnii the room there, which (ncrhaiigs i!if cataraii. they faw the nvei', Under different circiiinllanci s, fpreading into great varuty o( (111 face before its (ail : in fome pirts glid- ing fm'.oih and Iranfpaiciit over pobflud and imnid- cd (wi llin^s (jf rocks, in others, fjiokcn, (nowy, mid unei|uaf, (ill it rufbi s headlong down its deep delccnl. 1 (ley willied to conteinplate this ama/ing fall i" everv pcnni of view, and therefore di Icended I" lI'C pl.iiiks and beach bcneaib 11, and were covered hy ils fpray and llunned by us node. 1 hey wiflicd to have proceeded to the IViiefhc- tine cimveiil, on the banks of the Rhine, but tl:f tvciiin'' bcKaii to dole, and their minds wen; " tiled F.I.S. TKAVKLS THROUGH GLKMANY, SVV'I IZERLAXD, and ITALY. 815 'lomc jI'MCint walks, liiiii'.tTiiiroir.;!! WDcd.*, 1 oprii upon Ionic iii'.e llic acljaciiu loiin'.iy. ed uroitocs in ihc a bold rcprcrcniaiiDii comnvcd as to pro- ^^4>.<> kX'^*'*^ ■Dinf (il I atirli'i^fn— , — Slifp ill Stucbl'dm-' \f— Rol'ihii— Ccr.iciit of t:v7.'./— Vri '// = — // ''■•'' >'• l—Rcimn tu GLirui. ,'.iir<.-i, liaving doviatcii us (u a very line caUlo, t two niili-s Irom I.ai;- li.id a view of a vail if liv:lds and luouiitainj „r the rmallcft rantnn appeal ante of tipiibli- >ii; plani iiiul fomiwliat ■ tlirpropdiiuinate Iplcn- ■ ,.|n v ot ilic ir-ii,libmir- liand, llific is no , l"r l.fiy ., ,,,,^t ,.nd foa.ninn v^n'i rr'\Mnij( up a '''ick ''•"'* ,c view from tlic Iroiit, V peirpellive, the tivir a line aniphilheatic e,; ,. After viewing il at Hiid looking up at i's .mplatiuj? its broad aiul beaeh, ihcy eroded over of I aiillen, in wh'cb a , s. From ihc room ihctP, rail, iliey faw ihc nver, CCS. Ipreaditig into great s fall : in fome parts rIh • „ver polifludandnniml- ibers, broken, In"*)', .mil ^T down il.s deep dell eiit. ,1,- this amazinfi fall i" icrcfore ddcoided lo tk 11. and were covered hv nolle. oceedf J to tlic Hf"^''''^- s of the Khine, hut il'.f and ilicir miiiJ* ^7,'"j lie \ ee; c int filled will) refleellDiiJ on wiiat they had alrcad}' leeii. TliPV had no inliodtidion to pcrfoiis refident at Schairiiaureii, and contented thcnifelvcs with the (ocieiy of their 'I'ahic d'ilote, wliieh coniidcd of tlu ir holl and fume travellers, both Swifs and fo- reii^iurs, who affoided then often interedin^ coin er- lioon. A llioit tune after the,- were prcieiu at a filiier-woniaii.s weddiiis,', at which ihe bride and bfidei^iooiii's friend* were dancing the. wallc with imlth ajiparent ^lec and 15'iod luimoiir : the (uriip- tiiarv laws, which prohibit (iancini^, bcin;; fiii'pended <)ecali'>Mally by ordi r of the tnai^idrates, whodifpenle with ;l>cin on the p,i\ iiient of a riiiall line. There wa.s a protiile liipper, at which a colkClion was tiiade, as is tifual ai Swifs weddings, fur the to tlieir rarri.i'^e: our iravelkr> had hut tl'.re "■) tl'.eii thaile, ihev did not receive t'le honour. i'liey llepi at a (mall village of Sttichlvihii, where, a.s their loll was a biiti her, ihcir lupper wis better ihan their beds. The ch'irch fcrvts alt, rnately lor Uie Romanids and t dlvinHLs of the villai'e. Tlu- next iiKiniinrr thev (kir'rd the R.ari;in of the lake, about three or four miles, lo a Iniall villiLje tilled .\1anebai h, wluiu e they low.d about a mile arrofs the lake to the little id ind of Riehen.iii, w i.ieh rs about a leaj{uc and a half in lencjili, and a mile in br;jdlb. The idaiul, and loine lerruory adjaeent to the lake, bdonc; 10 a convent in the i'land which is (tibied to the hifliop of Conllancc, and which for- merly was filled with between live and li\ h.indied Beneditlincs : it at prefent entertains only ten, re- reived from dillerriit convents, for an oecallond rcli lenrc. The lihrar\ eontains m.my ancient ma- Burviipts and llOl.k^. They afterwards called at the bailiff's cadle, who receives about lool. per anniim, as (jovernor oi the illand, a fum iiudeipiaie to the fiippori of his ollicc and 'ar 'v, as his iliifuininie>l rooms and apparent poverty r-ij (adiy tellify. Jluy dined at this piettv illand, at * Im.ill lu)u(e in an inland (pot of ^;reen, fioui whicli the whole lake was c>iiice.ih d ; and aiier- V.jfds enjoyed, from an eminence in i!ie centre, .n view iif ihe whole Icrriloi), the hike, aul the fortreis i.r II nil Vicl o/( a didaiii roi k, wlileh In lonjs to tiie diik. <;'' VVirtenliiirg. In the i \ imif; they retuined to the t'/xOncnl, and drove llirte or four miles to rumdancc, wlilcb )i buill 011 an uiKommonly line liMiJlioii JKlwren the two lake*, This once populous city, which flotiriflied while the Kefornied laiili wis elf.dililhed, begin to decline as loon as the Romilh rehi^ion was again (el up iindei Cliailcs the hl'th, in oppoliiion 10 the endeavours of the league of Sin.il- kaldo. Thou ;h it is fo (in Iv (itualed I ir trade, the repeated nlicnipis wfiieli have hern made to ellablilli niamifatluries have alv.nys failed. The dillaiuc lioiii V'lentra, tliejealoufy of the fenate of Condaiiee, the pride of the nobility, and the fpiiitof the Romilh rligion which is iinpiopiiions to trade, htive been i-mimcrated amidll tiie catties that have been conin- bated lo Hide the exertions of the Swils. The town luithe appearance of decline j it contains about fix ihoufand inhabitants; but its deleited (I reels would not he too mucb throngrd by ten times ih.i; inimhei ; ilicy retain, ho'vever, fomcwhal of elegincc : and thir quay, the .M'.jaecnt wdiitc buildinj^s, relletled by the tranfparfnt waters of the lake ; the ncinhboiirini; convents, and the view of the I'nowy furrowed moiin- tjins of Appcnzel, give a driking and interelliiii^ chBr.ifler lo the town. ']"he room in wliuli the council vvas li<:l(l in 1414, wliicb contiibuicd lu in- culcate the fubjoflion of the papal power to ^eneral councils, is now a repodiory for lumber, .»' 1 armour, watermen's jackets, &c. J'hc emperor's and the pope's chair dill remain. |uly I 3, iliey vilited the iflpiid ofMeinn'i, in the Sii])erior Lake or Boden Sea : i: is about a lea'^iie dif- tancc from Condaiiee, and is entered from the Ihorc, by a long brid'j;c of planks; it is a bct'utifnl clump of land, of about one hundred and lil'i)- ncres, covered with yinevard,. and lu.\uriant trees. The governor, who is chief of ihe knights of the teutonic order, to which the idand belongs, lives in a eadlc here, which has fome line rooins that enmmand a mag- nilieent view of the lake and its noble environs, a view fupcrior to anj' that the grand mailers ancicnilv enjoyed from Acre or Maiienburg, the le its of their (iril relidencc. The cadle, bott'cver, preienis but a faint iiriagc i:f ti.e ancient fplendour of the grand mailers, who, liiice Waller of Crondierg was put uiitler the ban of the empire, have never recovered their opulence and power. Leaving Condaiiee on the evening of i!'.e igth, thev travelled through vineyards and orchards, by the fide of the lake, till thev were overtaken b/ tlie night, accompanied wiih rain ar.d lightning. The road being very bad, they ariivv d, with fome dilfi- cu'.t) and danger, under the direction cd' a guide, who preceded them with a lantern, at a fmall xillagc called Hoof, near Komandiorn, in the caiaon of St. (■..dieii, where the civil ptdli llors of an iiidiifirent h'lufe af cominodated iIkmu with lifli and dceeiit beds. The next morning they found, that as the lake had coidideiablv l^^ellcd, '.lu'ir carriage ciuld not pals by the common road, which runs clofc to the lake: they therelore liired avellil large enough lo receive themfeh es af d the chaile j and lending tl'.e liorl'es by land, they failed to Roleluh, a I.eall burgh hi. longing lo the abbot of St. ('.alien. 'I'lie liiorcs on each lide of the lake are rich .md plcafingh' adorred with vari- ety of ground and buildings. The 1 l.crgau, s. r.h its feat.ercd farms and palhire.s, reminded then) of W'ellmorelaiid ; but the boules were i.oi white. Thev landed early ai Rolcliah, which is a ehecrful town, with the .ipparent opulence (il trad'-. After din- ner tlv-'y walked about hall a mil", to the convent of Monaburg, which, though a religious edihblhmcnt, was eretled in 1489, with tl.e n,. charitable thdigii of injuring the town of St. Call. The people of St. Call and Appen/el demolinrcd, however, the full Iniihling before it was iinilhed j and it was rebuilt in the vear following The Siadilndder of ,'-t. Call, and three other convcntu.ils redde here, and provide for the alfairs of govcmmeni lonjoinily witli the council palatine of St. Call. The view of the lake, from the convent, is e.Mcnlive and grand. The nia- gazine at Rofchaii, is a largo and haiidfonie hudding. There is a great market for corn here, which is irought acrols the lake frcmi Suabia. There is alio . : coiiliderable trade in cloths, though that, as well ,is ilie Swils m.tiiufacKires in general, had fulieicd mucli from thelre.ity of commerce thenellablinicd be- ' iwecn I ngland ami fraiice. Ad|aectit to the town is a large common, where the fubjefls of the didritl take the oaths ofddeliiy to the alrboi of St. Call, after his eletlion, and to the d.-puties of the (bur cantons, Zurich, Lucerne, Clarus, and Sehweitz, who are proteilors and co-resents. The abbot is eletlcd al St. Call, by a chapter of fcvcntytwo Heiieditliiies, under whole liiretlion he ads. lie is a titular prince of the ciiii)ire. From Rofchab to St. Call ibey bad a drive of two leagues, admiring the beautiful hills richly dot- led with cottages, on which an evening fun died iln cheerful i.iys after a Ihowery morning. St. Callens, or St. tiall, is a cheerful clean town, litualcd in a hue well watered valley, in the centre of the abnoi'.^ territories, who, kiinfelf rjciproeally' is furroiindcd by the town, which ts independent of him. Its iiihabitanls are I'rotedants, and have been often cnjjagcd m vcr)' fcriotis dilpuics with the abbot. '1 V.e 1 1 I, ' f^ 'It rii ■;>!'; t\ 8i') X t". CU^LLl.C riUX OF VOYAGKS ami TRAVELS. 'i'lu' picli'iit jinncc, liowevcr, lias contiliiitcd llic people l)v liis tuiuliict. 1 hey .irr ived at (.lanis on ilic ?6ili. The p,iii(!o wluiin llii'V lined at S(. Clal!, wlio was a raj^ned cli'i'ifiil lel!ii\v, eoiidiitUd llieiii ilir()iii;h a wihl and ri)iiiaiilic toiuiiiy to (t'^pulalioii. 'riif vilut(ie ij< (iaille is as much reforted to as AWrgavetiii*" on Wales, for tht? hctitfil of drnilsin^ the goat's \v.ki-», whirh u* brouiflit every morunii^ fn '11 a W'lf^lilwttu'ili!; inotuniaiu, ami which is couh- o< ' d as ver',' 'fflcjcujiis ni |)iinl\iiis Jie hlond. It i. t-rfjipofed to ifrvivr its inedieinal cpialliies I'rotii liiin.- very lalutarv -.it'ds on wliieii the ^oats hrouze. The place i* ii.-ii: iiccjuenled auoui tuc tune ol Kalter AftiT diinrr ''u-y walked .iIkhu i.so miles to the brow (it d lull, lioiiiwl.uh lliev !nd a ;;rai)d rude ptolpctl i»r ionic irtjwnmg ni(uiui.uu<, at the hotii'in of whieh li-.e Khine wind.> llugi;illily throui^h a black valhy. ih\ llnir retuiii they were led, i>. people vho had never wii:;e(ied the llri.i',;'ii of a London p.intT, to lee a blatkl.iuth, wIki tliicw fnuH Ins ihuul.ler, wnl'.iui mllie'iiiy, » C.niiv, weii;liii!x m p.iuniJ*, to a liilb'u'C ol le\erjl (eel, /.s ll.cy tvjuld pr>>curc bill lour horlcs at St. G.ill, linir ^unlewas uiidei tilt ncetfety of waliviun, and hi- c^^-tied dioir pi>rtmanieau wnii ^reai ciieeiluliielsj jaiiief >ed ti' liip in a room wheic ionic were in Ixd, and a parly pl.iyinj; at (pieUiuns .ii>d i:o:innaiuK, and fi;ii;ni;{, in a Itylo, howiver, which ihcii ^;nl.;e, wiio ViM-. very lallidiou-, tieaicd with g.eai eontcnipi ; ihey could by no means perlu.ide liim lo join in tl.cir mirth, bill !ie dueitccl our iiuvi lieis wiiii many lively r.dlies Oil llieir ainiifcments, wlii< h he llylcd lalidli and low. 'I he dati ions of coiiceil arc ciiriouf. >f ih eir g aide won Id h' ivc 'I i.e lnpercilii-us pn li'i'ii probably fofiencd, it the women, who joined III il party had leen more p canii(;. '1 i ly weie nni :h II rue with the dili'irenec, which lliey beheld, belv.eiti the two divilioii,-. ol this (oiiii- try. In ihi' I'loiell.mt part iliey aduiited ile,iiiliricl>, ndullry, and lonilori; in the Ruman-( atholic, ilii > 1.1 w (1 iri, indolcncf, hikI poverty. 'I'lic \1i eo'.ic dtiout App n;cl liavc muih ol tl.c iuU'.;luiels of a repnh- li( an Ipirit. Ihey ft A pp. il carl y next mornin;:; wiihi.ui rc^ut, and iiitU: iiiroU'.;li nairow paili* by the (ide o the riM r Siller, a lll.i lire, iii> wi.K ; rniiiiles ovn B lloiiv bed. '1 hey looked at the Wiili n bath, where they tilled ihc Ihoiiff ^o.k'j, milk, which it i fl< rniwd almoll ctjually with th.it of (iaille, uiul l pia> (' ihey todcd up an ciior:iiuus iiKuiiiiain, m .in hti'iulUK', the- I'ljett of the deviaiinn fio,n ilmr )OI^ Ol (iiii navel, er' iii,re hiave t'liii tin icll, who luecc {lively dcJi incU liic wiiterpiilc, lliuu^li till they aleeiuled hi^h enough lo cpj 'V a line view of the hike of Coiiftanre. and lo fee an hermit who has lived there in peiiitei.ii.il rellricliolis for eij;!nvears palled by a narrow projel liiij>ed};e ol ihe rock, ho'diii:' by a rope, which lomeliicndly atlenlioii had lixed in the lide, to the lieriiiiia)^e, where he tolled the bell to announce his arrival. Having examined the cha- pel, which has an altar with triinipery decoi.itioii';, day billys, and inleriptioti.';, lie looked into (omc dark caverns and excavalions, in which the peahints, \,ho relide on the lo|) of the mountain, keep their milk. He afterwards p.illed throuj^li an openiii;; of the roik, Irom one of the caverns, and crawled up the lleep ri:ckv (ide of the mountain, llaviii'^ at K n'^th, wiihijre.'t hihoiir, alt. lined the bmw, as helMlleiKd to the luiiiltiit he law a thii k mill Inrround tlie whole circle, and (hiil up the p^rand and eMeiihve piolpeil, of which he I'.id Kan e eaii^;ht a gliiiiple. 'I'I'.e mid coiiiitiued inipcnetr.ihly tliick while lu n,i\-d. lie was (oon (urrouiKicd by loine moiiii- t.iiiieers, vhofe jaroon hecoild iinderihind iioihim; biuth.at they wanted money, which he thought it pru- deni to ^ivi: them. Altei CN.niiininn a Rreat deft in ihe iiiountiun, which cont.iiiicd .i hiri^e quaiitily id fiiow th,it has prob.iblv remaiin il there for many se.irs, lu: |n-,^aii lo deleend ; the feaihls boy who oiuluded him, went on with the i .>iii,ueiice :iiid activity of a mountain go, it, by a route dillerei.t lnmi that bv which th.ey li.id afecmled; oiir traveller relviiii; on Wm knowledge, folli)wrd hini lome v.ird', tnoni;li i»r.«er the neceliiiv ol delcending on his Ime, ami of i 'Id,!*'; bv bits of rock, fenhble of iiddhhl.- lit ^i\\ il he iliould oiue lole his hold. They louii .I'livedat a deep riilge of fward, haiij;iiig over a pi 1 1)( ndiiular preeipue, wiiicb the boy was |irc- pariiig lopau; he could lee nolhiiig, however, hy wl I'.li lie could poliihly keep himfelf Irom (..llinn, ad thci.-fore inlilled, \er)' veiirmenlU', on the h(i\i iiii'Mi, iliou>jb it was with fume dilliculty that lij fou! ', communicate his orders to his Geriiian coiiceii- i.'ins by fi^ns and gellii illations ; they again, how- ever, mounted with much toil, and the boy at lail conduited him by a leis iiemeiKlous, thoujjh very pier ipiimis path. Ihey palled thrnugh a wood of lin ; .ind while he was clinging, with appreheiilioii, to t;;i liicndly roots and rocks, in a deiiei.t efi' i pirpendit iilar, the boy was ramhliti); on all (ule, : wood llrawbcriics, with which he rein. (lied our ir.i vcUcr, who, after foinc hours, arrived lafc andjoiiiil i;u companions, who had been nr.ich .ilarmed on li aci omit. The) f< I ofl'ag liii ill the eveniii,; with an addn: :• il guide, who was jud.id necellary : he had the 1.! i- viour ol an honed m.m, a charaticr to which ihe im :i of .Appeii/.elarc not alwa\s eiitiihd. Ihey tra', il. 1 about '8 or 9 miles of the \ilell road, withiuii r. e\eeption, th(it was ever palfed : it lay chiell) tlirnu;; • woods; the worll parts of the worit road* fetnudt i h.ivi- been compiled toqttbcr. 'Ihey bad itoncs ,ii oiKe (li,irpand Ihppety, iniid and day, lleep alcciit* and beadhnijj (Icl-'eiils, uneven (lairs CikiikiI hv tiuiiks of lir phK\.d lateially, olu n broken or fiir:^ irregular ly, d R.'pi i!b ,ldd V crevlce^ I hanks, however, lo their cautious and expcriciicul h'/rlu, ibey airivi d fafe, and before dark, .it Obei n hI, a fiiall Koinan-Caiholic village in the Rliciiiili,i!, I he l.dl pari of their ride was by the (ide of th: Khin-', win. I) ruin through the valley that thv .,,, ;'., . ibey iiioiiiii lov^'ards it. ( mrce, Hows in cmiradiJ M(id lloiiy bed. 'Ihe Inlli, near mI' they rode, ai. covered wiih fine pa(lura;{e, boUiiii' iOttaid» ilic Jomuiil willi III*. ADyvr t'.c iin ti' VEI,S. TRAVELS TiiROUoii GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, akd ITALY, 817 cpj -v a liiii-' view of 1 !c-i- .111 !u-ri!iit wlio li.Tj rit'tions lor <'i(;!u vcmh tlgcolilic rock, hoM'.n,^ ly allciitioii liiul iiM'ti ill ■iii-rc he loUcd llic hell iviiig exiiinincd ilic cli;\- 1 iriiiiipcry dccoiaiioii-:, I- looUcd into Come diirk ksliich tlic pcaCiiits, viio uni.iii), Ktr)) llicir mill;, (ill an opciiiii;; of the nis, iiiiy a mute dillerei.t 1 aheiukd; our travella' ollowrd him loiiu- van!-, il di leeiidiii):; 011 his litii', tk, leiihhle of inr.lhhl- !(• hi> hold. They lou.i Iward, haiiijlns over a hich the hoy was pn- c noll.ius, however, liy ip himCelf from lalliii^, u-iifiiieiiilv, on the hos 1 1 foiiic dilliculty that li- rs to hi.s tiermr.n tonuii- itious; they a^aiii, In w- toil, and the boy ai hi '. remeiidous, though vii. alfed ihrenle heigit. They (kpt at kagat/, which is lituated on the I'amini, a river whieh frccjiicntly overlhuvs the country when 1'ui.lled by dilfolved fnows, or luirried be\oiid its banks by I'udden tor- rents. 'I'lic next morning they proceeded tn walk ti> rfeilfer; thev toik d up a lleop hill; the d.iv was exieinvely hot. (^nc of our adventurers having arrived it tiic top, w.ilkcd into the convent, and entered into convcrlatioii with one of the monk'!, who introduced him to the fuperiorj he invited hiiii to dine with hiin, which our hero diil, in his ipart- tneiit, with one of the monks and lome gentlemen fioin /urieh. Ihi.- I'liperior is a titular priiirc of the empire, intelligent and well hrcd. ,\s our traveller did not underllaii'l (ierman, tlieir coiivcrhuioii was Ciiiriedon in I. ami, in which they mutually regretted the difrercnee of accent, .-\fter colfee, and 1 good concert, in which feveral of the monks performed, (Htr hrro took leave of his hofpitahle friends, having had no lime to fee the library. VVifhiiig to join his fellow tiavellcrs he procecdetl to the baths of Prcilfer, which is about a le.igiie from the convent. He drftcnded by the brink of a tremendous chaCm, and down a peri)endicul.ir paK.ige cut into Hairs, to the baths, where his friends Mad dined in coiiip.iny with fonte monks o( the convent of I'feitler and l)i- kndis, who furnidied them with iniroduilory letters to the dilFcrent convents which they projetlcd to vifi'.. Thefc letters were written in Latin, and v\ ith u cmicifenefs not inelegant. 'I hey were tempted hcri' to vifit the (ourcc of the hot water wIikIi lupplies tlu: baths; .iiid havim; pro- cured a condutlor, began the dangerous journ -v. Alter entering a frightful ckli of the rock, wliirh adintitrd a feeble light to diictl them, they walki d ahoiit half a mile on Ixwds attached to the (ide ot the rock, often flopinjj «nH (lippery, and fonutimes phiced Co diftant from . ,<• (ide, that they had no hipport from it. Uclow them, about lifty feet, ;ii the bottom of a deep rocky channel, roared a rapid river hurtling througli a very narrow palfagfT. I( their feci had (lipprd thi v were >w 'j,tjil;ly loli. When they arriveti at the end they (aw f»u< i-v^-'- to repay ihctn for the rif'pic which they had incut t^; a gufti of water, of about thirty degrees of he.i;, ilhiing from the rock. They were loon latislied, .ind rciirned from the dripping roik as cxpediiioully as till fJ.Miger would admit. They (laid to look at the ((Uiipaiiy, (omc v/ whom li.id a more relpefl.il:! • ap- pearance than anv perfons whom thev hid yet le n : iliey were wiiioudy engaged i lome wire at thi- H'o mill) (.liapcl, foilie baiiiiiig, and others diiumg or plaving at billiards; the rfiuukincnts of a Kumilli ' 89. Sunday. As thefc people fupped at the primitive hour of fix, our travellers were pet'Tuaded to (lay, and aftcrv/ards returned to Ragatz hy a difr;rcni but equally beautiful walk, though their Swifs Cervant, who is ever attentive, had contrived to bring horfes, in cafe they (fiould choofc to ride. Having, from apprehcnfion of want of time, rclinquifhcd their projeflcd fchcmc of vifiting the fource.s of the Rhine, and given up, with regret, the profpcft of the Grifons, any further than the peep which they obtained from PfeiOcr, they fct off very early next morning, and rode twelve miles in the (hadow of fome beautiful bilks very richly adorned, and fprinklcd with a variety of the mod pithireCque houfes and villages, to >V'allennadt, on the approach to which, the lake of Walkndadt opened moll ele- gantly between the hills. '1 he village of Wallcndadt is fituaced at the cadeni end of the lake, iu the bailliage of Sargans, at the foot of the Seven-headed Mountain, the rocky tops of which are called the Seven Princes. 'I'hc lake has decreafed and retired from the village. After walking to a curious fpring not far from the village, they intended, in the evening, to go by water to Wcfcn, but fuddenly a ftorm was introduced by a violent wind, which, in a few minutes, transformed the fmo(;th mirror-like lake, which had jud before reflefted the bright rays of the fun, into an outrageous (ca, on which it w >iild have been very dar-gerous to embark. The inn-keeper at Wallendadt having made our travellers a mod exorbitant charge, had the infolence, on their rennnidrating with him, to fet them at deliancc, though he could not but admit that the charge was extravagantly high. It was vain to difpute, for as he hiinfclf was the advover of the town, there was no one to whom they could apply for redrefs. They therefore paid the iinjud extortion, and ordered their horfes; but their hod, who had been offended by their coniplainls of his injudice, had (educed their guide to rcfuCc to accoinpan)' thcni any further by land, uiilels they would fubmit to an additional charge of twelve livres for this day, uiuicr pretcnc of bad roads. As they had conlenicd to take tills lan further, at his own particular rcqiicd, and had hitherto found him a civil honed fe'low-, they were as much furprilcd as provoked at this ; ;, id their good Swifs was fo hurt at the treatment which they experienced, that he vented his feelings in tears. Rciblved not to confeiit to this uiirealbnahle demand, they paid the man for the da)s that he had travelled with them, and (et o(f, determined to walk (rom the iiiholpitablc houfe. The dorm, however, c()min<^ on violently with thunder, lightning, and heavy r.iin, compelled them to take dieltcr under the hienge- work of the bridge, dole to the village. In the mean time their guide repented of his condufl, came to theiTi, confed'ed his fault, and earnelUy, with tears of repentance, entreated to proceed with them; to which, after much folicit.iiion, they coiilentcd. The evening and the fcheme brightened, and they again fet off"; the guide amiiled them on their way with exclamations agaiiid his own ingratitude, and the rafcally arts of their landlord. They trav lied flowly, hctween two or three leagues, to a finjil /Wage on the lake, called Mulliborn, having paH\e lilaronnois, who were killed at the battle of .Naefels, were buried. Nxfels is not far dill.intj ihey law it as they palled Iroiii Wefen. The Glaronnois fought for liberiy from adv.Mitag' uis polls i)ii tluir mountains, and h. II but lift)- five I lit of three liuiulred and eighty men, contending agaiiiR thirteen ihonrand or (ilteen lliou- fand Aiillrians, of whom they killed one hundred and eighiy-threc nobles and gentlemen, and two thoufand live hundred loldicrs. The battle happen- ed in 1388, and is commetnorated b)- a proceiliosi, on the bill Thurfday in April in every year. Here their borfes, which had been lent round from Mul- lihorn, joined them. Their guide arrived llill trembling; and they were inl'ormed by him and the fervants, ih.ii as tliey were leading the horle> over the mountains, by a veiy horrible road, bis boi le (lipped and fell from a dreadful height j the guide, who bad not prci'cncc ol mind to loofc the biidle, lumping with it : they iiiult ilu 11 have frtUen into the lake bad t.iey not been Hopped by trees. It provi- dentially li.ippeni d that neither man nor borle were hurt. Atlmilling lliat t!ie man's fears exaggeruled llie dillaiue, it is ceilaiii, fioin the fcivant's evi dence, lh.it they mull have fallen at Icall forty iat. Having mounted their lioifts, ihi*y proceeded about a league further to Clarus, palTing o> the fide ol the 1 inih, admiring the wi'd clur*ctcr of the rountiy and tiic grand rocky moiintaiiu. that »*ctU ihcin. {jiariis, which at a dillancc feems iiivt>i>u»Ht, when fcen in conjuntlion with another li »ii, died .Sthwatulaii, dwindles as they approach, to 11 iwn flimcnlions; and ihoiigb it makes a ben- r appearance than Appciucl, is but a paltry place as the metropo- lis of a canton It is inbabiicd In perltms of bott- (■uinmuniiund fioiii the rocky rniinw which i. J. ad made. 'Ihe mountains from which llie tort', nis I'.diir have often largo lakes at their lummits \vi..ch furnilli adniii .\' ■..c fiOi. The chamoiles .,re puifued by the hunifinop, from nnk to rev k, p iriicularly i)n the Krevheig niount.iins, near the fool of \»liuh tiiey llepi. I'liey go III ll(n.ks, i)ollin>; one a» a icntinel, who hilliJ when he hears " the approach ol hodile lout.' 1 lic pc(;]jle, who ha\e (onictinies leen their [itiun lijiio lorins (ulpendcd as it were irom the (ide ui the mountains, defcrihe ihcm as lunging by the l-.orm from the rock. The cottages, which are of a dark walnut C(jlour, have projecting n>«fs which haii;; over to proictl il;em Irom the fnow • 1! cir appear- ance acciiids Well wiili the (icnery of llie couiitiv; and A hen leen at a dillani l.i ight on the inuuntaiiis has a very peculiar i llWt. Slimes are placed on the tools to la\ e them fimn 1 ing carried away by the ftorms of the Winter. Winter, amidll theic moun- tains, muft be awful : their lofty fummiis exchidi; the fun, e.xcept for a f;w iiouis, in the loiigell d.i)s of Summer. They lefithiir hoifesat tiic ciul of the dark Ilia- dowy vallcv, nml went on foot, ihiiugli a (orcil, alioMl rt mil , nv a very deep afcciK, ii I'antftihruv k. whicli IS a narrow brid ih.it o\erhang< a fe: ; ■ cl'.i'm, at liic bottom <>i which the Lintb '..h- » im peiuoully. '1 he foiiric ol this river is ou; ihite or four leagues further in ilic mountair>ii 'hat lorin the tilde hairier and bow^tdaries of this c*nton, fe- paraiiii)} it from Uii, »td the (Irey League, a di- vilioii of the Gilfons. The valliei of Swit/eihini • lien run parallel, and, In eioHing the mountaiiK.a Ihort p.illa;^'/- inav be obtHi.icd li'ia oii< 10 ilieoihei. As ihey had feen Pfeillei, the chuhn and riifli "1 water here did not allonilli them fo nnicb as it m.iy Have done otlur tiavelltivi but ih« furroundnn fccncry ftiuck lliem by its giaiid and lude < bwatler. Alter li'.ttiiig »i I ttithal, on boiled goto llelk, iK4rly •♦ fpuA *>> iiiiiiton i<» luingry appenies, tl- s retuiiicc to '-)4iu> in tlu ivening. CHAP. V. L S. uikl lomaiilic viillcV :r. I i;c l.inih |]i)\v.» hicli (k'livts its force Tlic vallt;) (louiilhcd , wliili; llu" iiiouiiiaiu.s \' inter. 'I'lie ciiiiloii „• of tlii-f;' valloys, Ic- otlicr ; (lioy arc tulii- II caiitiol liii-port liicir Idicrs, III- III Icartli ol counirics. The g"- iiioci.uital i aiul buili .■ciioii of aliairs, wiih 111, ill laviiiir of I'lo- uiiil allcnihlc once a y I lid ion.', and lialiy- miiiiiiiiiiidii'i allfiiibli' .ill.iin I l;r\ ailiv C(l ihiiiuj;li Icviial villa- •fs, and were ()l)lii;ril lio is (if ilie iiiiiiuil. )ii(, wliicli Jic aKva\s ifs inns; and lonu- iii- (liiv dnwn ctivi rlris. liMiaii ; and foiiiul, im iipliiyed, 111 mull parts ..larni in lafc of lire, ^cs, wiHild piodute ra- t'.rce or four miles liii'i wi.itli riofcly ap. Ii dtltciulcd ibnu- vety iicd one Specially lo- huli fill vcrvtK:Raiitly, iu r.iVtiii-d iity-rockci ; appeared frcijuc-nlly to oin the rocky fiinow minuins from wliicli tin: L- lakes at ihcir lammiis iRil liv the Ininlfinoi', arly on itie l-rt\lHi(; liuh liiey llipi. rlicy a n'litincl, who Ir.lli'a |h oi luilhlc foot.' ilic It'i'ii llieir pittiin I ;iil: (rom l!ic (idc ol li'.o ii.ni^iin; by the l-.onu ■s, \>iiicii arc of a dark liii.' loyfs which han;; 10 fnow • i! eir apptar- ciiery of iIk' countiv; It;!'.! on the itiouniams ifiiK'3 are placed on llie !', ..urud away by the I, I, aniidll tliele tnouii- ll,,liy liininiits exchulo liii.s. Ill ihc loiiRcIl day» le end of ihe dark (lu- f.)ot, ihioujih a forcll, J:ifccn:, to I'ailU'tibruikv 111 overhangs a fcrf- Ih ihe Limh • h ^ lijs river is s 'hai lorin \r'f.!< of this c»mon, fc- Ihc C'.rcy League, a di- I valliii of Swii/cilai' i LdiMj} the niouiuains » ,..,iu OIK 111 ilieoihei. [he chulni and 111(11 "' lu'in fo niiKb as it m') I bill ih. fiirroundiM? Iiid and Hide cha*Jt:tcr. Ill boiled (;<•"> "*■*■ liun;',ry appetiK'S ti^> Iciuiiij. CHAP. ■ I ■ ■ TRAVELS THROUGH GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, and ITALY. 819 CHAP. III. bepiirturc from Ghirus — Tiiite at Ohabiheii — /lit agreeable Ride — Einfdlin and its Abbey — Reach I.'Epee — The rapid iJtumat — Zurich — Proceed to Albis — 'Aug — Continue their IP'alk — Condiicicd by a Penfant to Schzveil-z— ll'alkto Briinnen — H'illiam Tell's Chapel — St,i<^ — IValic through Ursjield to It'afcn — the Dezi/'s Bridye — Urfeten — Further Rambles — Dine at Altdorf — Tvjo Female Companions admitted into their JJoat~—l.and at Lucerne — Re- marks — Ceremony of l:io Girls tai vp the /■'c.l — Proceed to Baden — Schinbziiach — Arau Soleurc Ilcnddbenk — Arrive at Berne — Def ription of the 'loiun. OUR travellers left Giarus on the 28th of July, and having palled through Naefels, and other (mall villages, dined at Oberbiltcn, which is nine niiles from (".lams, at the fign of St. Fridolin, who is ihe patron faint of the diflrift. 'I'licy had an agree- able ride of fix leagues, in the evenini?, partly by the (idc of the lake of /.urich, of which they bad a fine view from a inountain, before they reached Einfid- lin, looking down upon Rapperlchwyl, the ille of I'lnaii, &c. The elferts of the devotion of the neighbourhood were vifibic Icfore they arrived at the abbey of Noire Danic dcs Herniite:, particu- larlv in an hnndfomc church ; : I.achen. I'.inbdlin has an importinit appearance as approach- cil bv a wide plain, fituaied between lofty mountains, whole dill.mt fuuiinits are covered with I'liow. The town is built on the river Silil, in the canton of Schwcitz. The abbey was rebuilt in J 7:^5: the church is a fumptnous ed;ficc ; the walls are hung, ai the lirll entrance, with votive tablets, made for deli- verances hy fca and l.iiui, attributed to llu: miracu- lous airiftancc of the virgin: they are painted wiib more piety than (kill. Afi'T dinner t'lcy were (hewn the faccrdotal veft- ncnts elahorilelv workr,! and adorned, and the riches and relics of this cllahlifbnient, by a \ery alliduous and complimentary condutlor. In the evenitig ilicy let oil. All the lui rounding country is ni\ercdwith chapels, finMuarics, and hermitages, at which pil- glims refpcafully (lop. They rode by the fide of the lake, whii h, though it has not the bold and inag- nilicent breadth of that of Conllance, is enlivened on each fide by a continued fuccedion of neat and cheerful villages with while houles. As ihey were now abdUt to part with their guide, who had accom- jMiiu'd tiicm from St. (iail, and liehaved well fince they left Wallenlladt, he cxprcHcd great regnt at being obliged to leave them They got to L Kpec in good lime, where they found their fervants and carria!;c fafe. The rapid l.imm.it is a beautiful dear river, /.u- rich is cliarmingly lituated on iliis river, » iiere it runs from the lake. 'I he town b,\^ no llreets thai are regular or well built : the lubnrbs, towards the lake, an.' improved by lome modern buildiui^s; the envi- r)i'sare verv beautiful, an.l ihe banks of the lake and the l.immat are eovued with houfcs, many ol vhich aic ihc country U'.t^ of the gentlemen ot /u- tich; ihefe derive their chief beamy from their (itu- atio!i, hiving noihiiig that eorrelponds with ihe Kuropeaii pleafurc-gardens. 1 hough ihe town has no buihlingi dillinguinied lor their beauty of arehi- ti-duie, it lias every edilii'c of 1 nporiancc to the welfare of the people. The townboul'c is large and coinmodiousi the graiiars is well comluflul, and, in times of fcartity, «lle\Mi.s the public dillrl^ t^'e arleiial Ifcms well piovidfW with all.l^ : l.es OrnV.e hw, a charitable iiMlit*. n for the rhtldren ol the r,i/.civ;, .!iid w"vn»i . aMis from eighty to one IK led, and, at lifteen, are u trades, is well fuppovled. ihe inclination or th. power lupeilluoiis edifice^ Their si^ houles arc (ninilhed wiit' limplici'-y, and vi i\ - ■Tii.imcnl; their carriages are for convenience, ■ul cliiiliy open; llieir poUeH'ors are not peimutot 10 111- ihem in town ; their fervants feldom wear livitiesj und iherr is fiut li I'e appearatue ol iliole itliiaintiin, ^bich arc too ofieii the inditaiion ol liundft-il, who are aBpf.'» eed i>> diH- 1 be "s*ifs have tvi sjeiid rT'.onev 111 I u corruption of manners. The drcfs of the higher ranks is extremely plain : black is the full dicfs; and the men, who are in any department of government, wear fwords. The drcfs of the women is unbecom- ing; on Sundays they wear black in the morning, and colours in the evening; thchairis drelFcd in the I''rench and Kriglilh fafhion, but with a loofe and ill-fliapcd negligence, appearing what is vulgarly called blowzy ; their (hapes are not advantageoufly difplayed, nor do they exhibit any of that llowing and graceful drapery which gives 10 the lengthened and pifturefquc forms of Reynolds and Bunbury, the elegance of the Gre- cian figure: their fquat and unfemininc monftefs of (hoes ieem manufadurcd for dowmigbt walking, not to bend with lupple pliancy in the dance, or to draw atteniion in the fucceffion of the well dircded fteps. The (hangers who rcfort here begin 10 Tap a little the fimplieily of manners which prevails, b\' the intro- dufition of foreign luxuries; they intermix indeed, but feldom, with the natives in convivial intcr- courfc. The miniftry is fupportcd with fuitable mat. - tenancc at Zurich, and the pciiple (eein to profit at lead by its inoral inllruilioiis, being celebrated for their integrity and worth. Tlic library is open, upon very libefal terms, to tl:J public. Augnd u, they left Zurich, and diolicd about eight miles through a charming varietv of hill and dale, to .\lhis, where they llept at a tolerable houlc. The next morning a niidy rain deprived them of their profpcQ from the hill, on which they (lept. It did not prevent them, howeve^ from renewing their walk, through a fertile coiintn-, to Zug. They found fruit-trees and fountains the whole way. Zug is filuated on the lake of that name. In the even- ing they continued by the (Ide of the lake, for about three leagues, under hne l)L:ir-ii wciocte vhich adorn its banks, and in which tber heard 'he frequent found of the woodman's axe, «ithout sjiv I irrowful relledions that the trees were n> be indifcriminatelv felled Kj pas the debts of the gamcder or the fpend- ihrifi. The cultivateil iields wlikli boidir on lbs lake, and ihc wellwoodul promoiUoiies wlileli pfo- jeel in'o the water and form bcaulilul luys (iiicly emhellifli the fceiu ry. lb- houli -i are hut few j lo'iie vineyards orealionall) defcend to the edge of the water, and are 11 lined fometimcs to twine over roofs of wood which overhang the paths. Ihey (lopped for a Ihovt time at a fuiall village in the v,>;uon of Schweii? \ at tl ..: bottom of this there is \ capuchin eonveni, of wit:, h, the lunifeare fan- lallicillv p,nn»v"d, fome of them with (keich.s oftbe Dance of Deaili. Thev ihcu continued their walk a^" c. pt Vomctimcsa line eagle loariiig above the tops of the loltied mountains ; forascveiy one has a g'ln, the fv.aihercd race is (hewn no ijuarter, each mail Icekiiig for objects on which to cxcicile his (kill. AugiiQ 5, they walked three leagues through Urs- field, to VVafen, where the valley of Me\en opens, through which the Mc)'cn pours us impetuous wateis to join the Reufs. As they advanced lliiough this bcautilul and extraordinary valley, the niounlains often advanced near each oilier : they were covered Viih reniaikably tlrait and (lately lirs, which (eemed to rife out of the bare rocks. Some ul lliem were cut down and laid by the lide of precipices as a (ecu- riiv to the tia\cll( r, who would elfe reel with giddi- neis, a^ he palled along the narrow edge of the path. The Mcyei) abouiwis with cryllal, of which the poor cltildreii ort^r bits to palli iigers for fale. Alter lea\ ing Waliii they began to alccnd the bar- ic;! \,illcy of Schoelleiien. 'I'he fcenery became inrie rude and rocky; the lirs difappi ared, and they law only Ionic Icanty grals fringing the edges of the , Ills. The valley was llicwcd with huge fragments of broken granite rock, which ol;cn dilapidau s and i:il!s, with a thundering noife, (iom the mountains. Aiier alcetidiiig about a league and a half they p.dled !'i;e Devil's liridgc, which overhangs a ehaliii that would appear tremendous, to thole who had not leen that of I'f. ilfers, or Panienbruck. Jull above it riles a torrent of foaming water: near this place, oppofite to a little chapel and between two torrents, they law men lialf way down the mouniain, on a rock uppa- leiiily iicrpciidicular, on which they were turning i.jine haiily grals. 'I'hcy Hiould have com eivcd it iiiipudiblc fur godU Hi Hand on the deep llippcty iidc. Every fpot which ha: ?.:: inch of foil on thele niounlains, is cultivated wnh lalHTimis iiidiidr\-. AniinaKcl by freedom ant! inriipcnd'ii. e, the pcopk* draw mil feitilily from llie rock; ai'il |ia|:py in their well-e.'.'-ned coripctcnce, tl^ey woiihl lii;lit, a.s the/ have often fuughl, for their barren and icanty pollei- liinis, with as lirm and invincibic a couraj;e as i( they coiilended for the rich plains of Ilalv. A'ter haviiii; crolfed the Reufs, ;\t the Devil'.s Diiilge, they padeil through Underloch, a pallage of two hundred and twenty feet in length, em tl.iinigh a granite rock in 170J. This opens into the valU y oi I'rieren, which Ipreads inio wide pade.res, in wliich Uilcren appears clieerliilly with its back grnuiul of (irs. It is watered by two dreams. I rieieii i.s a (mall common-wealili under the proteclion of L'li, and wi'll Icciired by i;s eiu loling lHoumain^. 1 luy dined in this valley, at llopiial, which is about (our league,'! from Walen. The whole wav, indeed, lliice they left /.tirich, tl'-v had great reafon 10 he (aiisiied with the l';n.-0! inns, ill which they experienced better accomniodi- tioii* than thele mountainou- ;\nd icqucdered villagis might be expeflcd to fupjily j and thoUi;li they paiJ but as fool palleiigers, were treated with Inch atlei.iidii and kindnels, as a dilplay of liehes would not clic- where procure. 1 he manners of the pec. pie arc limple and friendly, and their leceplioii and treat- ment that of liberal holpitaliiv, nut of uieicenary contrivance. They were now within three leagues of St. Coiliard, and feeling themlelvcs Init little fatigued, they nuMin- ted, by no very violeiil alVent, tluon^h wild mil dcli.late Icencs of n.ik>.d rock, hy the lide ol 11 c RtiiU, till they reached its luurce in a laivC, in lie large crater at tl-.e luminit, at wiiich thev arri\"! about eight o'clock, as the ni;;ht, clicumpallcd h; t ■ hick log, was lolling lowatds tlii'in. The next inoniiii;.;, after a good night's refl, in beds which were not bad though ihcy had no curi.i.iK, and were in rooms id which the hare walls h.nl 110 oiiianuiit but a lew prints of t!'.e \'irgii>. 'ihi-y delceiiilid, in .ibout two hours, to llopiial, and m the evening (oiiliiiu(d iheir walk toSuig, over li-iilc Hones, which lorely liaiter.d ihcir feel in the dtlcciil, but which (Oiild not prevent them lium ag.iin .-•liiii'i- ing the Ihivered locks wiih lirs opening hum ux clefts; the torrents wliiih frclluni'd the air of an !..■{ evening, and the paths wl;u h wind under noble i'ifl>> and lirs. Ihey ctidhd the river leveral times, j> it aiiorded a narrow wa\, (>ii eitlur lide, bctVK.cn ui ch.innel a'ld the bale ol the nixiiniains. The\ (hpi again at Sieig, .ind dined next ihy j; .Midoil, and .ilieiwaids look .1 boat at Mik-IIiii, l r a pillage. Alter again admiring the hills thai boiilf on tlii.^ Iicauiiiul lake, they turni d a point oppoi,!.' IJruniien, and entcted into a part which thev had r 1 yet palK-d. The lake heri' has no very great bieadii^: the banks fiiinilh very lich parkilli Icencs. Tie beach wood.s hang over the lake; and when iluv Hopped (or relielhmeni under the coves, the (;iMi> came down to their boats. One of tl.eir leiiwi-' companions, whom they hid adiniltcd, recited [imw ers and hymns during the whole pallage, except vvhiii they checked her pious efiuliont by fome exrcllcin ham; or when her voice was overjioweied l>i i"' louder drams ol one of their waieimcn, wl.o hiiii!:i' them the liMts of William Tell, in fome iiadiliuiijl longs, whiili li.id a local propriety, as the borders ot the lake were occalionally adorned with nuimiriu'iK) eieiled in honour of Ins exploits. Thev laiidci: J' Lucerne about levcn in the evening. Tlieunors finely liiiiaicd at the norih wcltern end oi th; i.iMi and ecmniands a diliglillul view. The ha:ngework of the bridge at Lucerne, v\liiili ;i built over the Reufs, it painted with hilbnual rcpit- i'entaiioii.s. 1 lie town has liiile but its liiiMiion hi recommend it to the e\c. Tin y went to die |cf:ii» college. Mie library was removed at the liipptilii"' 1 of ibc Older ; the ijuildiiiij '» '•"8'-"» *"^ ""*'' ',""'i A'KLS. inch ol' i'oil on tlidc ill l.il-.iTious iiidijllrv. i.k : ai"i l^'irpv '" '''^'"' V xxoiiUl li!;tii. »s »'^'-'' I'liren aiul rciiiuv \h>\W{- ih'.c a couiaj;e a-i it i^<-, ihcy palU,' u> of iwii !umcln.cl anl lon'^.i a ^raWiic rork in valUy o! i:rU:rcii, wludi n uhirhL'ircrcn appeal'; nuloniis. ItisvvaiCR-a ;v liiiall i-ummon-wpaUh , -anil w.-U l(H-mi-d by i;s ' ciincJ ill til"' valley, -H lii- Icai'ucs liDiTi Waicn. HI- tlu-y lill /.unch, ll-v l,nis!iod wiih the liiLili •iiccil better accomniodi- 1, :ind |jquelli-rid viUai;.s v; and ibotKb ihcy paid ircali-dwilli lucb ailfi.tion ul' labi-s would not cH'c- mncrs of tin-' pc.plc .irc litir icccprion and trcit- italitv, not of mercenary ircclcaRUCSofSt. r.oil'.ard, link- l'atin■< .u h wind under noble ix** ;b<- river b-veral inncs, j.it ,,n /nh.r lidc, bcn»itnu> ihi' nionniam?. iciu, .md dined next day j! ti.ok .1 boat at MiK'llin, hr wonunwbopetitioiudhra „,irin.. the bilks ibai bot.a iluv turned a point opp'-i,:.' u> a pail which ihcv had" ' .hasno veivBreatbieadi": 1Kb p.ukilii Icencs. iw r ibe lake I and when iluv nn.Ur the coves, tbc i;i"i> ,,,!*. Ono of ibeir lenwc h id admiiicd, recited pr.iv- wbolepalVaoie. except ujHii ellu(ion« by Tome evcclaii I,, was tiverpoweied bv i:i' .lu.irwatoitnen.wbobii'i" ,„, Tell, in fomc iradiii>i"^ . propriety, as the borders "I My Jiorned with n.o.mnu;n:> ,, exploits. TbevlamUai ,, ,he evening. Tl.c>o«i-i. rib w.llern end ol lb- '•'*''• ilnl view. , . K- bridge at I.uccrno,«lial' painted with billo.ual rM a- Ls little but ii^i";''";7:: . Tbey weniioilicjcl;" ..removed at ilu-bippr^l""^ dnmi^b«>g«^. a'"l""^' ',''" TRAVELS THROUGH GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, and ITALY. 82I I) ted liy a tew prol'eirors. On leaving Lucerne tbcy loitered, flowlv, in a hot evcniin^, till they were overtaken, before tlici[ arrival at Sins, the place of their deilination, by a violent llorin of the heaviefl rain, iiceoinpanied with thunder and lightning. Every fl.idi whicli threw its beautiful horrors acrofstbc dark night that Coon enconipad'ed the woods in which they ftravcd, reminded them of the inconridcraic delay with which they had lingered in their deiightfulwalk. 'li'.e next day, the gloomy circumllances of the preceding night were forgotten, in tiic chcerfnlnels ofa glorious lun, which, when they bad proceeded f,)iir leagues further, to All)i>, appeared to fpread its d i/.iling fpleiulour over the lake of Zurich, and en- livened iheni will) its rays, as they returned in the evening to that town, where they Haul only one day, wluii llu-y went, in company with I'everd pcr- lons, down the l.iinmat, to a convent about two leagues from the town, to be prefenl at the ceremony of two girls taking the veil: one of ihem appeared to he about eighteen und bad a pretty face, wiili an txpreflion loinewliat lullen ; the other was about twenly-foiir, her eounlenance meek, and exprelhve of gentle fcriouliiefs by .i melancholy Imile. 'I'hc fcremoiy wr.s extremely inierelling ; the fobinnily of tic Icene, the prel'ence of tliif p;irenls, the grave and v;'!ierable appearance of the abbot, iht; pmlhation of t!x' women, the tearing of the cbiplets, the culling olF the hair, and the change of diels luggclled many alfciling confide rations. 'I'liey left /.unch on the itth, ai'd drove about four leagues lo Hadrn. The baths ol lladi n, which *crc anciently celebt.ited under the name of i'hcr- rriic Helvetica", are about n mile liom the town, and at itiis feafon mutii refo.tcd to. They proceided the la.ne evening three leagues, 1(1 SL;i;iil/.iiacb, adm.nng the Keuls, which runs tl roii^h a line vailev, and of which the banks are adorned wiili Ionic vineyards. In their courfe they cro'led the l.iinmat : tliis neigbhourhood ahovinds villi rivers, .\fter ibeir arrival at Schintznaeh ihoy llrolkd to the .\ar, and walked up, ihiougb a lleep beech wood, to the calHe of llapi'bnrg, which was crccU'l in llie elLVen.h century, wiiliin ihe aiuiciu boundaries of V'indniill.i, ,ind is rnii'uis, as the root of tlie f.imily of Anihi.i, bir having lurnilbed der- many willi the Kmperor Klioiiidpli, of ll.iplhiir;,;, fleited by the inuieil of the arehliilliop of .May- encc in i^'73- I he precincts of the caIHe were not large: from its proud eminence it commands a fpa- iinusview ofa line range of country, through which the Aar winds its courfe, between l.ilty niountains. 'I heir next llage was to .Wau, which is about three k'.igues from Schint/naeh ; they drove through a couiuiy, which has but few of the bold features that uhially cbarallerize Swiizerland. Tbey llopt at Aran to tranlati fomc bulmcls. The iJolliUion who coiuliitled them, wilhcd to loiter, as he was paid by the (l.'V. 'Iravellers, with ihele condntlors, are compelled to lilleii to exaggerated accounts of bad roads and ditlicuhies. Ill Ipite, however, of murmurs, they proceeded thrjug.i .llnfingen, and tbo old town of VViedlifpach, to Solcurc. The country through which ihcy p.dFed, was beautifully varied with hills well I'prinkled wiih hollies and trees : they remarked a caiUc belonging to an advoyer of Berne, which was particularly to be admired. They (aw, at Come dillance, the rude mountains of jura, of which the I'nowy tops were brightened by the rays of a defceiiding fun. They fuppcd at the crown inn. 'I'lic town of .Soleure, or Soleihurnc, is very anci- ent, as may be eollctled from a ftumpy infcription, under a dial plate in ihe chief llreet. The great church here is laid to have coll 8o,OOol. bcfides an additional expence occahoned by an alier- aiioii in the plan after the foundations were laid. This was a liberal exertion for Switzerland. The dc- fign and Ityle ol architeclure arc fupcrior to tliofc of any building in this couniry. Ihe women in this town wear a flraw hat, which i.s very (implc and well adap- ted to the climaic. The whole place has an appc.ir- ance of neatnefs and comfort, which rcfembles the air ofa Protcilant. . Alter leaving Soleure, they dined at Ilindelbank, which is abonl four leagues from Soleure, and about a league out of the (Iraight road to Berne. Having left Ilindelbank, they arrived at Berne .\ugull 13; it is a plealant ride ol about two hours. Berne is a very haiidCome town: the llrcets arc fpa- cious; the piazzas, with their low archeprelfed, for every member of the council lakes an o. lb lo inform againd any wdioin be diall fee engaged ir high play. It is vain alio to attempt feduftion, lor the fcducer is compelled to marry the wtiman whom be has vitiated — to lake, as his companion through life, the woman whom he has degraded. Public brothels, under certain regulations, are allowed. The public buildings at Berne arc haiuil'onie, though they do not Ihew any great departure from the hm])licity of the country, which conlults uliliiy rather than ornament in its buildings, even where the dawnings of tade mod appear. The Hotel de \'il!e, at which the counlel and (enate ademble, is an old buildi.'ig wherein are fomc convenient rooms and hif- lorical pictvires. The new room, for the library, (hews but little advancement in (kill of architetture • it is ill contrived, and fitted up with hut little tade or re'pedto the convenience of readers: it is rich in niainilcripts. !o>?!V(^7'^s^v*^/^^:**'«y=VJ■V^^5»*V^^.■T■>!*V»'A^s\^'^^y^^ CHAP. IV. n,-y profrfj lo Vriluix— null—Sir the I'illa^f of Gruynrs—Ridc Ij the Like rf Ccncvn lo t'l-'.my— A Septennial Ct-leinilioii nf ihe l-ite ds H')urjm—A H'alk lo Clinnci—A Bait, (^c.~MiVimrs of the If'omen in S-.iilzcrland —Ihoaed ihrongb Aij^le lo l>ex — "^a/l-H-'orlt! tit Bevicux— Drive to Mtirtig'iy~-0/>/crvations—Dilliai/lies in afcendnig^ the Col'dc-lialmc— Mountain of BLwc—Monlanvert—Tbe m.ignijicent Ghuiey^—Aiveron—Claciers of B'^Umi—Trtent — Sleep at Bex—Mo:idon—Pnyerne—Sleep oui an hour over the deep and rugged paths of Moncan- vert, when they were obliged to dirmouni, and (oiled for about two hours more along the road of the Crydal hunters. Hopping indeed frequently 10 n- pofe and refredi themfelves with the wild drawberries and milk, which the pcafants' children brought them, and to contemplate the rude fcenery of the iiiountaini and the valcof Chamouny, through which the Oioaly river Arvc rimples along. They at length arrived at the fummit, and had a view of the magnificent glacier) which arc encircled by vad and favagc rocks rifiiij; n gigantic and fantadic forms, fiimctimcs icrminaiiiiRix fliarp needle points. I'he glaciers appeared to iheiu like waves of ice topped with fiiow ; they extend many miles in length and one iti breadth. I'hey dcfccndcd ID AVELS. am ; this is received into :rvcs rs a rcfcrvoir for ilie ndred feet in length. The ndcmont is to be admired drove about three Icagucj ed the Villais at St. Mau- ivcr a Roinan bridge; and )late the beautiful cafcade, falls from a great height irft arches with a fine bold ts into many fpiral forms dark cloudy hue, and then cfiil foamy fpray. uiiced the ruin of the old e hilhops lived; they now, '1 liey were at Manigny lagcs; and having procund k- about three leagues over to 'I'riciit, \*hich is lituaicd m, i'urrouiulcd by trer.icn- itli fiunv. Here they dimd crwards h.iving rode about y begun to afcend the Col over llony paths by a very labouring above them, iur and tiu-y ircmbliil as ihcy Icl roads, which they olicii ;he path. They wi.r<- tliric had furmounicd their dilti. iriimit; when tlicv bc';,m to L'ipitous, iiulccd, lv.it lloVMI 1 wi.h a tlutU broiiill.ird. :d to Ice iht catilc dehcnd- r.oiiiitains, t'.nwii paths tlut dillance ■il.fu'.iiti.ly pirpcn- r which, a lalh l-.nj',lilhiit n /. The dili-eiil.s are, in- dangerous to pcrfdi.s and to thcni; and actiikiits lo l>ro\vs of the iiiount.iins are lies, ill honour of pr.>iLtliii|5 ic wrath of tlu- evil (.iiiii, the people iiiiagiiu-i m be f agauill them, rmin the a line view of the \ali- of tipped mountains, ii.itiuii- :, which, accordin.; u) Sir count, is i5,C6i feet .ilmc according to that nl .Mr. ith is, therefore the Iii>;IkII d, excel ding ih.at ul Cuu- . Afia or Aliica. bottom ol the lull ! It (lark- at their fafe arrival; iIk/ hrce leagues to rule, by the id to pal's over iii.iiu dan- )w and then, which were cuts ; or to lord the Arvc, valley required it. Tl'cy ifter ten o clock, at the iiiii id the refredimeiit wliali their guides had been to ,es and al'cended lor about d rugged paths of Moiiiaii- ged to difmounl, and toiled re along the road ol the indeed frequently to n- s with the wild ftrawbertits ms' children brought them, de fcenery of the mountaini /, through which the fluialy They at length arrived at vofthemagnihcentglacii'is (land favagc rocks rifinsn s, fomeiimcs lerminatinRni : glaciers appeared tothmi ihfnow; they c.\tend many breadth. They dcfccndcd ID TRAVELS THROUGH GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, and ITALY. 8: to the glaciers, looked into the tremendous blue clefts in the ice, and heard ftones roar for a conflderable time after they threw them in. fliey afterwards de- fcendcd to Chamouny, by a (leeper path over loofe ftones, where their poles, and fometimes their friend- ly and officious guides fupported them ; they reached, ill about an hour and a half, and contempla- ted with great allonifliment and picafurc the fource of the Arveron, which iffues from the glacier of Argentiere, called la Mer dc Glace, rolling under a magnificent vaulted arch formed by projefting ice, undermined into a tremendous cavern; within this is a fmaller circle, or arch, divided from the other by an immenfc filTurc, which will probably fall ere long, together with the piece of rock that refts upon it. The children mount, fearlefs, upon the upper arch, though our travellers could hardly behold tnein with- out apprehcnfion. Their mules met them here, and they returned to Chamouny, and in the evening rode to the glaciers of BofTon, to which the afcent is lefs diflicuh as they rode within a quarter of a mile of them. The ice here alfumes a pyramidical form, appearing like fugar loaves, or inverted bafket fait, in gigantic reprcfeniation. The next day they returned to Martigny by the Tete Noire. The road, which is compofed of an irregular Hair-cafe of pavement, winds round fearful precipices. The barren rocks, the romantic entrance of the vallais, and the richexpanfe of a woody valley and hills, decorated with cottages and padures; the beautiful cafcade of Argentiere, and other falls of water, together with the dark firs which crowned the fummit of the Tete Noire, formed a fuccenion of very (Iriking and magnificent fcenes, difplayed with infinite variety of light and fliade, and diverfified with every combination of form. As they arrived at Trient they faw the oppofite hill covered with a long afcending train of people, pre- ceded by priclls and religious orders, in their proper dredes, who had come here from Martigny tofuppli- caie for rain, and were returning llowly, in folemii proceflTion. At Martigny they again remarked the number of Cretins and goitered pcrfons who fiilfer from the ilagnant air of this cncloled valley, and the noxious vapours which arifc from its niarlhy land. They (Icpi this night at Hex, and returned ilie next day to Vevay, having only (lopped to look at the fortrefs of Chilon, which projcils into the lake. They left Vevay again on the 24tb, and dined at Moudon, which is about fix leagues from Vevay, one of the mod ancient towns in Switzerland. At I'aycrne, four leagues further, they faw the camp now removed from Heme. The country, through which they this 'day palled, is parkifli : its gentle well-wooded (lopes of palhire, and occafional corn fields, are very pleafing. They (lepi at .Aven- che, which is fituatcd near the lake of Moral. They looked here at fomc remains of Mofaic pavement near the callle, of which the dcfign reprefenting Bac- chanal-s ^^'ss, as far as they could judge from what is left, very handlbnie. On leaving Avenche the next day, they (kirted the fide of the lake of Morat, of which the banks are flat, and lefs adorned than thofe of the lakes which they had before feen, PalTiiig through Morat, Guimene, and Berne, they proceeded to Tliun, which is near forty miles from Avenche, As they approached Thun they admired the magnificent mountains, with their gla- ciers, and the noble well cultivated valley through which the Aar (lows. This, which is rather a large town fiiuated at the head of the lake of Thun, is of the Reformed religion. The next morning they embarked in a covered boat, and in about three hours and a half palfed this very beautiful lake of Thun. They landed at the endof the lake, and walked about three leagues to I.auterbruennen, paffing through a romantic valley, between lofty mountains richly covered with trees and dotted with houfcs. The view of the Jungfrau- Horn, tipped with fnow, appeared to equal that of Mont Blanc. They took up their abode in a fmall village, and the next morning were rowed back to Thun by three perfons, the ufual number, one of whom was a wo- man. They (lept at Berne and dined the next day at Arbourg. The country about Arbourg is adorned with great variety of oak and beech; its dark hills arc finely clothed. They reached Bienne in the evening, time enough to walk to a cafcade fituated amidli'Mow browed rocks" and romantic hills. Bienne, which (lands at the bottom of Jura moun- tains, has no dillinguiftiing buildings to chare£)erifc it. There is a remarkable fpring which fupplies above eighty fountains in the town ; the water is per- nicious to the t..'eth, as appears to be the cafe of many other fprings in Switzerland. Its bad qualities are faid to be derived from the rock through which it flows. Fountains are the chief ornaments of the Swifs towns : there is generally one in each, fur- rounded by a broad bafoii, at which the women alfem- ble with tubs, to wa(h their vegetables. Bienne is under the fovereignty of the bifhop of Bafle, whofe reduced power is, however, chiefly nominal and ceremonious. .As the day was unfavourable for the water, they drove about three leagues on the road to Bafle, along the edge of a deep valley beautifully (haded with beech, oak, and fir, which intermingle their various hues. .After (lopping at a fmall houfc for dinner, they walked about a league to Pierre Pertruis, a An- gular rock, which appears to have been perforated for a road, as it diould fccm from an infcription, which, however, is of diCputable interpretation by the Romans. It feparates Val St. Irmier f'roii' the didrift of the old Rauraci, and is part of the cha'n of rocks branching from Mount Jura. .After ('i:pper they engaged a.boatto convey them to the ilh de St. Pierre. This idand is about two miles in circumference. The fmall fpot is enlivened with a charming variety of woods, vineyards, orchards, and meadows, ter- minated on one fide by a noble terrace which looks over the neighbouring land that borders on the lake, of which the banks are rich and pleafing. In the evening having eroded over to their car- riages at Neuville, they drove about four leagues to Neuchatel, which is fweetly fituated on the lake of that name. They were much pleafed with this agree- able town and its neat appearance. They afterwards made a little cxcurfion to Lode, where the watch trade goes on brifkly. The country about Locle, which rifes into gentle eminences, for- merly covered with foreds, is now adorned with neat white houfes, which indicate a difFufion of wealth and the dawnings of tade. They dept at la Chaux de Fond, which is on the edge of Franche Comte. Af- ter having feen fomc new modes of life in this expe- dition, they returned to Neuchatel, through cheerful villages, by a different road, which they left Septem- ber 3, and arrived in the evening at Yvordun, eight leagues from Neuchatel, having (kirted me lake, and driven through a country where rude and elegant fcenery were beautifully contraded, and well culti- vated hills, vineyards, and meadows, with didant mountains and glaciers, furnifhed frcfli objefts of admiration every indant. Yverdun lies in rather a flat fituation, at the fouth- ead ond of the lake. It is modly to be admired for its walk, which is enclofed by two branches of the river Thiele. The printing-houfe is famous. Their fird dage next morning was to Orbe, which is proudly featedon an eminence, and isdidinguifhed for its antiquity. The cadle and the tower, which arc not among the mod ancient buildings of the town, add to its dreiigth. On leaving Orbe they deviated from their road to fee the cadle of Barthelemi, which commands a mag- nificent view, and arrived at Laufanne Jn the even- ing. i 82t NEW COLLECTION ov VOYAGES and TRAVELS. \y. i'M mn 'in>;. Tliis is an irregular lown, wiili few buildings lh.it dclcrvc notice. Having quilted Laufannc, tliry pafTed tlirough Merges and Rollo, and many oilier plealing towns, lo ilie ancient town of N')(in, liiuaied on the lake along wliiih ihey again iravclkd in the evenim;. "1 hev (hove tliruui;li Cojipat, a barony in the bail- liage of Xvon, and iialled lliroiigh the paltry French lown of Vciloy, or Wrloi, which is called CliDileul's Follv, bccaulc built by lliat niiniller in fruiilel's oppolilion lo Geneva. '1 he (irll evening of their arrival at Geneva ihey experiemed the inconver.ieiicc which refultsfioni the carlv doling of the gates; for having taken up their abode wiihin the town, and Qrollcd out for a walk towards ihe lake, they found the gales fliut, by inex- orable feniinels, before their return, and in vain petitioned for adiniflion. 'Ihey could have no com- niunicaiion with their fervants, and were obliijed lo flcep M Secbcriin's. '1 he city of G>encva is remarkably fiinated at tlie vcd end of ilia l..kc, where the beautiful Rhone ilfues IVoiii it in two i.ipid cuir;-iiis of a iraiifp.irent green colour. The llic^ts are not broad, and deiive jio cmbellifliment from the lofty w(juden ::rcadcs which fhelici il.eni from the fun. They are chceiful, however, and thronged with a bufy adivc p'oplc. The houfes which face tlie lake, and tl.ofe wliuli ovetlool, llie parks, arc very haiidloine ; the iniiv an- good, tlie walks plealaut, and nnich rcforted lo Tb.e environs of (icncva are very beauiirul ; '.'x- valks of the lake, with the view of the falcve, tl r iiH>le, the glaciers, and Mount I'danc, aKva\saioi I pleafure. It is very populous j the I.uilieiah nii- gion is toicraied here, and llrangcis may be aduiiitcd to the rights of burghers. (Jur ira\ellers weic furiiidird here with pliicions niid ojicn carriages of eveiy kind, as well as in Knglaiid. 'J hey drove one day to Feriiay, wl'.erc llicv faw nothing wortliy of nxntioning. 'i he iidialiiiants of (ieneva li'.vc a general kind of iiifor^'.ij:ion, which excites lurprilc in flrangcrs; thoiigli, on furilu r acciuainiance, it is (/hen difco- veied lobe fiipcificial enoug'.i. They are almolt all rducalul at a public acudenn, which is well regulated and fu|ipoi!(d at the public cxpeiicc. Here the) imbibe a tatle for lilerature, which every citizen i^ enabled to keep up, by a perniilfion to borrow book-, at the public library opeiicd lo them for th.at jiurpofc once a week. Lilerarv 'ocieiies, though controlled by g'"veihni( nt, Ihll adLirdile. The theatre, which alwavs contributes, in foine degree, lo the cultiva- tion (if letters and the polite aits, is Uilerabl)' bip- portfd. 1 he higher women at Geneva have iiiuch jmpiovcil in the elegance of their itianners by ulfo- ciaiii:g with foreigners. 1 lie eoiifliiuiion of Geneva i^ Dill uidetiled, and the liberties of the people undefined. I'hev left Geneva on the i^th, and proceeded by raruuige and I.uifelles, th.roiigh a country, of w hicii the tliiii iiiil feemcd wilheied by the fun lo dull, lo Irangv, a fiuall village, where they (Icpt. The ii'.xt (lay they coniinued ilieir journey, by Douer and Retnilly, to Aix-les-15ain«, where they (lopped to look .It the bandfomc baths, in which the gnawing pains of the rhcutiiaiic arc foothcd, and the relaxed nerves of the paralytic are braced. The remains of a lioman arc li are here to be feen. From thence th'-'V had a pleafant ride to (hamberry, a town which ferms hewn out of the (piatry of lurrounding inoun- lains. Its narrow flrccis arc crowded with an i.idudrioiis people. Having procured a bulletin l:ere, they determined to deviate liom their road, on a viiit to tlic Grande Chartreufc j and, aficr din- ner, travelled amidd hills, of which the foretls gra- dually df.ii peared, till they reached the rude and naked rocks of Fchellc-., and defcended to the lown by the wonderful road called la Grotte, which was tut through il,e f(/l;d Itonc by Charles Emanuel, in iCjc : a work llupcndou* indeed, and, as the infcrip- tion in the fide informs us, " unaticmpled by ihc Romans and defpaired of by others." Echclles, the ruins of its callle, and the adjacent plain, arc ieen to great advantage from the hill by which they defcended. On entering the town its importance vaniflied ; and the river, which feparate* Savoy from IV-upliinv, allots to caeb country u few houfes that neither lido can envy or defpilc. Tlie next morning, having procured fome faddlc-l orfes and n guide, .hey palled the bridge, and a|)plied to the mayor of the French dillriti for a pallport, without which, ihey iinderllood, that the advocatt* for freidom would not fulFer them lo return. The inagiltrate was a good grocer, and granted ihci:' rcqiieft without any infolenee of ollicc. Having rode about three leagues, they entered the fiiil cncloiurc of the territory of the Chartrcule, and padfd ihrough a deep cold valle)', hidden b,- deep hills from all but the meridian lun. '1 hey mounted to the C(jiivent by a giadiial alcent. The narrow road is conduced bv the edge i'\ a deep clialin, down which it is fearful to look ; w! ile from above it is overhung by well wooded mountjiiis, that tower to a tremendous height. Ihey fometimcs lolled large dones down the precipitous delceut, which, by the force that they ac(|uiieil, broke branches from the iiees, and fometiines alinell car- led away the (irs, with a hollow echoing lound, iill the) reached the bottom. The thick woods, which .i.;e aliniid perpendicularly to the fuinmil of ilie i:! )uiitaiti, abound in bears, wolves, dags, roebucks, '-•on.,, JLc. which arc often fecn. 'Ihey ariivcd at I lie Ci'ii'.ent about ten o'clock : it is fituatcd towards the ei d of the valley, near the foot of a Ipiial rock, on wiich is placed the crofs of St. I'runo. The cxterii.Tl architcthire is (implc : they were not driitk with the m.ignificencc of its extent till they entered. I'lie convent has been defpoiled of a great pan of lis revciuKs ami territory. There is now a (inall p.;rtv of (uldiors lodged there to preferve it from popii'ar injuries, whofe appearance accords but ill with tin; relinious quiet oi the place. Our travellers having given tlieir pallport tothc ferjeani, were well received by the coadjutor, who eondutled them to the m.M appointed (or the reception of the F.nglilli ; lor iii this cxtenf.ve rai^ge tin re is a dillinft apariinent appropriate to each of ihe principal nations v\ Europe. After tl'.e liidati'iuion ihev were kit m amufe ihcmlelves with the 'im till dinner wjt got ready, when they were li i > . I with (ilh and et',i',>. .After dinner ihev were (hewn fome of tli< ap.ul- ir.enls and cells of the monks, each of which lud his little garden .ind library. Our travellers now returned to F.chellcs, and re- turned the lame night to ( hamberry, which ii:i.y 'eft the next niorning: their (ird dagc was lo Mont- melian, a imall lown on the banks of the livcr Here, with a caltic that dood a fie;;e of liriern months againd Lewis XIII. of France, and at l.ill foiled his endeavours : adjacent lo which is an rini- nencc, on which the Marquis de Hellegarde 1 a< a cadle, called le Chateau dcs Marches. From iheiioc they proceeded by Mal-Tavernc to Aiguehdl;', through a country very pidurciqne! the vineyatrli mantling up the bills between barren rocks, and i!ie calllcs and towers, which were fcattered on the luin- mits of ihe mouniains, gave a :eculiar character to the fcciiery. 1 heir next dagc wa.s to F.rpierc. I" their route tlie) palled a mountain in which ilieie aic iron-mines and a foundry ; and they thence coiiiinucd by the lide of the river Archc, now a fcaniy llream (lowing lliiggiflily over oozy banks, but which, foiin:- times, rudies with violence, when (welled by melted (now or accumulated torrents. The couniry began to adumc a more rude appearance, and the pro- jetting roofs of Chanon or C'hanibrc, where il.cy again changed horfes, reminded them of the winter liiow, 'I'hc valk-ys here are pent up and encloli J with mountains : the fnow falls in great abundaiirr, wliolclome and the confined air is rendered very un by VELS. , " unattcinptcd by ihi; otlicrs." caftic, and the adjacent intagc from ilie liill by entering the town in ic river, which Icparate.'t 1 to tacii country a few envy or defpife. The red fome faddlc-liorfe* bridge, and ajipiicd to dillrict for a pallport, :K)d, that tlic advutan* them to return. The rcr, and granted liitif c of ollice. leagues, tlicy entered itbrv of tlic Chartrcutc, cold valley, hidden b,' 2 meridian lun. 1 hey a gradual alVeiit. The l)y the edge nl a deep fill to look ; V ' lie I'roni wooded niouiiLiiiis, that i;lit. I'hey lonietimej he prccipilo\is delccnt, they ac Mim till dinner was gut vid with « y'A- ,%. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 I.I Ui |^B |2.5 |50 *^" ■■■ ■^ Uii 12.2 tt -.n IIH|2.0 ■« I L25 i 1.4 1.6 <^ '# 7 / Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 W!t4a CHAP. V. I V ^ <■ ^ 1^, Defurltirf from Turin — Pi-j^rf/'s nf ihfir "Journey — Dffiription of Noz'i — Airhe at Genoa— ^Drfcription thereof-' An Exairjion to rOf^^i, iTf. — Journey to Milan — Curfory Kemarh — Journey to Boh^na — To Florence — To Sienn» — fo Rome — De/eriplions of the tr/pCiUive Places. SEPTEMBER 29 they left Turin, and proceeded through an infipid country, five pods, to Adi, a dcfcricd town, which retains but little of its ancient popiilaiion and importance. Its chief trade is in wine and cattle. I'hcrc are fifteen convents there. ,Micr dinner, they drove in the evening three polls and a half, to Alexandria, a town full of fol- dicrs and monks, with an handfomc theatre, where operas were tht n rchcarling. They flept the next night at Novi, which is two pods from Alexandria. N'ovi is a fmall free town under the direftion of a governor, appointed every two years by Genoa. There is an appearance of indudry in the town. Itsdidricl is fmall, a few miles only in circumference; but it is not prccifcly defined, and the people have occafioiial diiputcs with the inhabitants of Tortona. Novi Hands in a flat plain, encircled in the horizon by the .Alps and .\pcimincs. St. Hcrnard and Mount Cenis dand high above the red. There arc no buildings worth noticing in the town. Leaving Novi the next morning, they palTed the proud fortref* of Garvy, which dands on a fine eminence, in an iminenle excavation, amidd a fea of hilU, Ibme of which arc bcautifuly covered with thelnut trees. 89. After palTing through Voltaggio, and afcending the Bochetta, they obtained a grand view of the Mediterranean, and dcfccnded by a fine winding road through Campo Marrone to Genoa. Their fird view of Genoa, encircling the bay, and extending its walls for twelve miles round tn« ridgy and fun-l^orched brow of the mountains, wat very grand. They arrived by a fine road through the valley of Polcevera, and faw the doge walk in procefTion to the church of St. Dominic. The number of magnificent palaces at Genoa is prodigious. In the Iplendid apartments of thefe palaces, which are at the upper part of the houfe, the po(i'e(fors do not refidc : and fome of the nobi- lity have four or five, and even more, palaces kept chiefly for oflentaiion. They are filled with codly furniture. Parts of thefe palaces are often let. The crowd of poor objefcls at Genoa is dreadful. They arc fed not only by private charities but by public ftipport. The frunc port at Genoa deferves to be noticed, as a commodious drpofitory and well regulated office for the cudoins. Ten per cent, is paid (or all im- ported g(H)ds for home confumption ; the export . duties are low. The chief articles lent out are filks, 9 Z Telvet*, §26 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGl.S a: TllAVKLS, velvets, damalkj, orftveria fculpturi-, ariilicial (low- ers, oil, oranges, and citrons. The poit is large : it is enclol'cd.by two moles; on each oC which is a pharos, to direct vcfl'cls to the I'pacioiis mouth of the harbour, where they are fafe I'rom injury, exceui ^vhen harafTcd by the fouth-cad wind, called Libcccio, which rolls on a great fwell of lea. Our travellers made an excurfion to Poggi, which is about fix miles from Genoa : the fiibiirhs through vhich they dro\ c, are decorated with gay buildings, marble palaces, terraced gardens, orangeries, foun- tains, colunadcs, painted walls, Itatucs, ornamental V'orks, &c. At I'oggi they law the large palace of the prince D^ria : the orangeries there arc very fine; and the terraces command a beautiful fca view ; notwilhllanding wliicli, they arc fprinklcd with tri- cheries of water-works, and jets d'eau. The groves and woods are natural and plcafrng; and the pines, with their umbrella tops, are liri;ular. In the gar- den, there is a rural theatre artificially formed by trees. The women of Genoa have prctl)' features, but arc extremely pale ; a kind of fitkly laiimior gives a foft cxprcfllon to their countenaiiri,- and line blue eyes. The painted linen vcii wliitli they wcjr, called niez- zaro, is not unbecoming, iliougli it rel'euibles a flowered gown thrown over the he.id and hooded. The Italian women, in general, arc very uiiinlorined. The focicty of Genoa is not among ihebilt oi Italy. The court is wiihout woiiie!!, and the nouilny have rot the ck'g.nice t)f hi'li birth. The rlvli nobles are oeconomills in general, tliou;;! tac) fouii-iimes enter- tain a Itrangcr with lunipimms ollcniaiion. They intermix chielly ai the liicatre'i, which are tolerably fupponcd. A Ihaiigcr may aiiociate lure to much advantage, with the nier. ants of the f.iclory. No (late in Kuropc lecms, in fome reljietls, to be To ill governtdas Genoa ; tin- laws are delctlive, and, fuel) as they are, are feldoin put in force, 'llie magiftraics of the criminal rota .ire foreigners ; they accept their ollicc (Vom mercenary niDtivcs, and are notorioudy corrupt. When ihcy have ani.ill'ed riches enough to prefer rccmiiy to furiher );.iins, they retire from public dctcilation to their private rclledions. The nobility purchafc popularity, and the continu- aiicc of their pi 'MJcgcs, h\ protetling and obtaining pardon for lurhiil. i;t men, and tholi- whofe uncon- trolled pafTi 1.3 lead them to crimes. Rcurcfs for injuries, cannot be had againll power; and indivi- duals execute their own vengeance. IIciicc an.i(ri- nation.'! are frequent ; and a ruiiiaii, who can make iiitercd with a noble, or command i f;o or aoo livres to bribe the ollicers of jurticc, is (ure to efcapc. Not lefs than one hundred and lifiy aliainnations are com- mitted, upon an average, every year at (ienoa, chief- ly among the lower ranks, at the fuggedion'i of jea- lou(y or the fuddcn impulfe of revenge, notwithltand- ing apatrolc parades ilie ftreets, and fome (birri, who are not dillinguifhed by their dreis. They left Genoa on the 8th of Oflobcr, and re- turned to \ovi, whence, taking the .Milati road, ihcy pa(Ied through a flat unintcrelling country, in which the eye ranged in vain for trees or fertile fields, to Toitona, once Dertona, and in the decline of the empire Attilia, now a fmall town, two ports from Novi, which bears fome inferior refcmblancc to Alexandria. It has a funrcls with about forty luvu- yards. From Tortona to V'oghera, which is a port and a half, they palled through rows of willows that bound paflure land. They (lept at V'oghera, the Tria of antiquity, fituatcd near the river Stafera, called alio, formerly, the Tria, a town full of foldiers and ecclc- (iadics, and doomed to fupport, at prcfent, three troops of cavalry, about 400 infantry, and eleven or twelve monalicrics. They left Voghcra the next inorninjf, and drove two puds and a half, through a flat burnt-up coun- try, thinly fprinklcd with mulberry trees, by CalFc Tifina, luPavia, liavini{ crufl'cd the Tu by a bridge of boats, where it has a rcl'JciVible brc:;-!;::, i:!:ii -lit) the Gr.ivaliila. I'avia, once the feat ofilic kings of ! dinoiirdv, has the appcaraiu e ol a dcrerted town. It cu .;ii»s many open places like lie Ids; nu a iliird (^f wh;it u cnclolcd by the walls, is now iiili.ibiti.'d. 1 Li le au- eight collci;es. In going (Vcmi Pavia to Mii.in, tliev vi(l;ej ll'.f Cart!iii(i.Tii roir.ciu, wlii(!i is one of the irolt nia;',in. (iceiit in Iti'.ly. I he rhiirch is cniiiicnily bcauiiiiil and richly adorned with varici^atei i:iari)Ic<. '1 !k> chapels, whidi are r urioiiH)' cIk ckc k(I iiiid inl;tiil with marbles exhi!)il at every ali;tr fine j.icliircs. 'i ::i library has been iranipotted to Tadiia. Milan is nut a handloihe town, ,iwl it has fi'w pre- minent beauties. Among the biiildiiigi mol! diiiin- guidicd for arehiiecliire, is the cathidral, ofwhirli the exterior is dill nearly as uiilinilhed as in the tiuu; of Addifon : it is a vail edifice; and religioii todk here no vulgar (liglit. The nave and lon:^ drawn aides are very fine; the uuilide is crowiicd v.;i!i fculptured hgiircs. i he tower commaiuls a m;v.;iii. ficeiU vicwof tl'.e .Alps and Apivrainc", of ihe ciiyok" Milan, and of the extcndve plains of I.o-.ihauiv. Among the reniaikable ( linrrl-r:i at Mil.in, (Iran- gers are ulually Ihewn that of ,Si. .Seballi.m, fann a dcllgn of Pelegrini; ihat o! St. Maria redone, tliii of6t. Fiancifco, and e(j-pc:ally that of St. Anilirfili", built on the fpoi wlu-re the I'.ulicr is (aid to have dil- covered the bodies of the iiihriyrs, St. Gervalius and St. Protadus. It bears great marks of aniiijniiv; contains the br.\('on feipint, or one very lik(; it, erctled by Moles in the \\'!!dcrncl's. 15enc.ith a cu- ])ola in it, with relief (igiMTs of the tj'li century, fupported by four porphyrv pil'ji.*, is a table, of wliicli the pallium is of folid g<'ld inl.iid with precious l!onc>, under wlii< h were depodted the .nflics c.f St. .Aiiihroli', Our travellers noticed here a fartopb.igus, fuppdlcii to he a work of the fourth century. 'J he irtm crown was foruRily givm in this rl;urch to the empcriMi. All thele v.ilualilcs arc encl.ifed by the gates, whicli St. .Anibrofe is ri prereiiied to have clorcd wilii (linl- tiaii zeal, in llu' (ace of ilie cinpcror Thcododiis oil account of the inalfacrc which he had committed at I'lielladjiiica. The church of St. Lauronre here is imilt on ilie foundati'Mi of fome Roman h.iihs, or, as fnrc i,\), on the ruins of the temple of Hercules. It ntaiiis the form of tlie heathen i'--nip!e, hut is conllruUid with fuch evident marks of liie ttsik ages, that tlic (Id columns arc inverted, the capi:al being where i!ic bale (liouhl be. The chinch of Thiele, whicli is fnppolcd to be ercHc ! on lie ruins of the ];inlhcoil ofJVliiierva, is in the lame m.iglihourhood ; aid iint very fartlillant is the liiu- l)oric ctilonade, which ii iifually n pielentcd as the wml^ of Mr.xinuliaii. 0;i Mount Olivet is a convent, he.iuiifuily adorned wiili marble. The altar is very iuiiidrun.e. The cemelry, in the ix lahhuurhood of Mi|"i, dcferves particular notice ; it is a building torn c.ly crefcled (or the reception of the bodies of ]Kr- lons who died in the hoipii.d, and, poOihly, dir the general ufe of the city : it i cmliHi of a circular colo- nade, which contains no iiulicaiion of a I'epulclire, no epitaph, no moral hint, but heie and there a dii^icn- ded tablet with injunctions to pray for the luul uf the defunU. The I'opponc at Milan, wl'.i;h was formerly a lazaretto for pcrlons alUitlid with pedileniial dilur- dcrs, is now convened into a la/.arctto for can c. Kpidemic difnrders are led frctjuent than the) lur- mcrly were. Literature is but little ( iiliivated at Milan, thoii^li it boads of having produced Valeiius Maxiiinn, Cardan, and other great men, and though the .\iii- brofian Ijbrary, founded by Cardinal Frederic llorro- nico, affords fine field for rcfearch. Tiials arc condudid in fe.cret, and the lawn aic not very jiidici- oudy enforced. Our uavellcrs drove about fevcntecn miles from MiUO) T : i; T t', i i- 1^ <:. TRAVELS THROUGH GERMANY, SWITZKRLAND, and ITALY, ibic bicai-;:;, "V.ii ^H^J ■ IviiifT'! of I iiml);il(iy, L'd town, h ci. .:\'.!'i i;[U ;i t'.;ird ( i what u iiliiibitcU. 1 la re arc li.iii, tliry vilhi'J ll:f )i)e o( till' iiM)lt inar^ni- is cniiiKiiily b('aiii!!iil ri;a!i'd marbles. 'rii>- cbcckcud M'.d inbiiil di;ii (iiifi.'icliircs. '1 he Tadiia. Ill, .iiid it lias f:-w pri'- • buildiiHV' rri')!! dilliii- Ik- calluclral, ol' \vbir!> iliiiilhfd as in tbc tiuii: itc ; and vi'lii;loii look nave ami lon:^ drawn liJe is crijwdcd v.;iU r comniaiulH a maijiii- jlKiiini'i, (it ilic ciiy of ains of I,i)-Ml)a':dy. irrl:r:i at Milan, (Iran- I Si. Scbalii.iii, liom a ii. Maria I'cdono, tbn ly ibat of St. Ambrolo, Uicr is faitl to liavc dd- lyrs, St. Ccrvalius and It marks of antitjuii) j , or one very like it, Icrncis. 15i.Mic.ith a cu- -.< of ibo f)'li century, i'ar.'-, is a table, of -ALii.!! lid with precioUN Cones, u- r.flics i.f .St. Aiiihrolf, fartopliagus, fiippcUd itury. 'i lie iion erov.ii i:iircli to ilic eniperiirs. fed by tiie gate?, wliicli h.ive elofed wiui Clinl- ipcror 'riKiidobus on he had cumnmieii at 8.7 c here is Imilt on ilie lb', or, as fnre lay, f Hercules. It rttaiiis e, but is conllnided tii.;k ap,cs, that ll:c old api:al beini; where the of Thicie, V hich it inla.'! of the paiidicoii ourhoofl ; ai d nut 1 ic coloiiade, uliicii i^ f M,;ximilMii. 0.1 auiiru'dy adorned wiiii uinin.L'. Id.nnrbood of Mill", a bnildinp; fonrcrly tlie i)odics of per- and, pollibiy, for tiitf iiti of a circular colo- iion of a fepnlchre, no CIO and tlicre a (iilixn- ) pray for the foul of whirh was fornierly a with pediieniialdiror- a lazaretto for callic. Vc(]uent than the) fui« vaicd at Milan, though d Valeiius Maxiinm, and thou^^h the Am- irdinal Frederic Horro- rcfcarch. 'I'lials arc iwii aic not very judici" fcvctiteeti miles from Miltn, '• Milan, through a flat country, to a village called La Corde, and, after dinner, about fourteen miles fur- ther, to Sedo, a fmall village, where they llept at an indifferent inn ; and the ne.\t morning hiring a boat and four men, and afecnding the river Tefino, entered on the Lago Maggiore, which opened mod beautifully upon ihem in a broad e.xpanfe, of which the bank.?, particularly that of the Sardinian terri- tory, were adorned with fome palaces, a.s thofe of Cafa N'ifconii and Cafa Otolino, and tiie calUe of Angiera. The lake was uncommonly lull, in con- llsquence of great rains. They landed at Arona, a fmall place of great trade, and walked up to the enormous bronze ilaiue of Cardinal Jiorromco, ad- joining to which is an academy for Catechumen cccle- fiallics; the number of lludents now amounts to about feventy-two. Having reinibarked, as they continued their voyage, they admired the hills which rofe geiule, and prettily adorned from the water, and the dillant mountains, particularly, cloud-capped St. Barnard ; the woods of cheliuits, the olives, and the vines hanging gracefully over poles and wooden roofs erected for them. They dined in their boat, in (iglu «f libla Bella, where the lake expands jiobly near feven miles in breadth. Ifiila liclla, which is about fifteen miles from Sello, is a fmall clump of terraces, lined with orangeries, that rife, one above the other, with a formality little corrcfpondent to the bold fcope which the furrouriding fccnc! difplay. They rowed from Ifola Madrc, a beautiful little fpot, about fix miles, to I.avcrno. Here they found their carriage, and drove about fourteen miles, to Varcfc. On leaving Varefc next morning, they drove through a very plcafant country divcrfified by hills richly covered with oak and chefnui trees, to Como, charmingly (ituatcd at the fouthern end of the lake. The lake of Como, which was anciently called the Larius, appears from the town 10 be a fmall body of water, as the oppofite hills, through which arc openings towards its great expanfc, feem to ap- proach fo near as to cnclofe a fmall part of it. The banks, as feen from Como, arc beautifully ffuddcd with villas, among which the new crctled palace of Count Odilkalki is remaikable. The ftcnery of the lake, and its environs, is enchanting. 'Ihe houfcs arc near enough for the cheerlnlnels of neighbour- hood, without the inconvenience of proximity. The town of Como is furrounded by a wall, and contains agarrifon of about fixty men. The cathe- dral is large ; its circular window and fretted Goibic work are very beautiful : the interior is large, but darkened rather by a gloomy fuperfliiious, than by a dim religious light. Odoher a\, they drove by Magnano, over a level plain to l^odi, about two polls and three (piarters. The rich meado\ss about l.odi arc well watered by (luiecsj and fome of them are nur.ved four times in the year, 'ihe l.odi checfc is the bell of the I'ar- mcfan ; a great quantity of it is fent to Kn;;land. The town appears neat, and indicates the prolperity of increafing wraith. From Lodi tlicy went by Zorlifcona, three pods, to IMacentia, having eroded the To, before thrir arrival, on a moving bridge of boats. The country in the ncighbouihood of the I'o, which is part of what was ancieiuly the mod llourilhing (idc of Italy, and which dill retains lis reputation for fertility, appears now Iqualid and iiiilerahle, in confequcncc of the late overllowing of that river, which fprcad dcvadatioii wherever it tvent. riaccntia is a very handfomc town, though its prclent appearance reminds the traveller of its decay : it fwarins with beggars, the caufe and appendage of Jdlcnefs and poverty. 'J'hc cathedral is worth vilit- ing, for the view of the adjacent country and the Po from the tower. They vilitcd the Auguflins, of which tlie church is large, without grandeur: 14,000 fequins have been lately expended upon it, by a fociety rich aniidll gener.il poverty. The facade is h;!iidf(>mc. In the lacndie of this church is a very beautiful rejiri fen- tation, liiiely carved in wood, of the fcem: ai Cal- vary. The jjalace at I'laccntia is dill unfinilhed. At I'laceiuia tliey wiflicd to have proceeded by a voiiurier, as tlicy could have travelled at much Icl's expence ; but were told, that thev mud go olF by the poll, as iliry ;irrivcd by it, ur.lefs ti.ey cliofe to day three da) s at I'laceiiua ; fuch, it feems, is the regulation. The next morning tlicy continued their journey throu;;h well planted enclofiires, by I'urenzolc, I'orgo S. Domingo, and Cadcl (iurlplio, to Parma, five pods, 'J'lie vines entwined, aiui banging in luxuriant fedoons from tree to tree, from elms, alders, and maples, were extremely beautiful. They regretted being fo late in the year, as the vegetation of fum- mer, lefs ei'ihrowned by autumnal tints, and enriched villi clulkr.; of grapes, mull be very beautiful. They eroded tl.eT.iro, where the fragments of a bridge dill remain, that many years fiiice was dedroycd by its violence. Parma does not iniprcfs the flrangcr at its entrance: there is neither magnificence nor much appearance of trade. It coniaiiis between 40,000 and 50,000 inhahitanls. The lird objcft of our travellcis atttcntion was the celebrated theatre, fo admirably coiidruflcd, which has the cladieal appearance of a Roman work : it was built, in 1618, of wood ; is capable of con- taining 12,000 or >4,ooo pcrlons : it is fo well con- trived, that found is equally didributed over every pait. I 'pen fome ocealions it has been converted into a naumaebia : and water was formerly admitted from the river Parma, for the difplay of naval en- gagements. This theatre is now almoll falling to ruin. Notwithdanding the people of Parma have fo beautiful a nioclel for a theatre, the modern build- ing, where theatrical rcprefcntations are made, is an hideous houfc, built like the hulk of a great fliip : the pit funk into a fubtcrrancous hole, and the higher boxes pri'jecling over the lower, as if th.ey were about to tumble down. In a fmall palace in the garden, built on the feitc of the Farncfe refidcnce, tlu\' faw the remains of a gall >y, and a room paiiiteU with the laft cflTorts of Augiidiii Caracci's pencil. '1 he eatlicdial of I'arma is I.irge and gloomy; it contaiiKs fome good pitlures. '1 he church of S. Bap- tillc has the a|)pearancc of very great antiquity ; its datues and liieroglyphical figures dcferve much attention. The baptillery is fo large, that it fcems to have been condrufled for plenary immeifion. '1 hey left Parma on the 28th, and travelled througli a country of well cultivated meadows and lulds, adorned with elms and other trees. The tiees ferve but as Items for vines to clutter round : if they draw away fomewhat of the nourifhment of the loll, they dill ferve for fire-wood, and fave the expellee of poles. ■J hey palled through Reggio, two pods from Parma, where, notwithdanding the prince, like the empeior, has fiipprclfcd fome religious edablidi- ments, are fome churches and a cathedral, which a traveller (lioiild dop to admire. Two pods more conveyed them through Rubbiera, formerly a well fortified and important town, to Modena. They palled the Seccia in a boat, though a bridge is almoll iiiiinied and ready to be opened: this bridge and- another have been lately built at the expence of the duke. It is free to the Modencfe ; but drangers are required to pay a toll. He has made alfo a new road, the old yl'.milian way which ran between Parma and Modena being dedroycd. Modena is a very elegant town; its flrect. but the p:;inied lioufes, which i.^ve the appearance of dage IccDcs, defcrvc no praifc. Some of the building* f:-l\ 828 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. buildings are liandfome. The town is not large ; it may contain about 20,000 men. The foil in the neighbourhood of Modcna prefcnts remarkable vcf- tiges of a deluge, in the abundance of marine pro- dutlions. Sea weeds, fliclls, branches and trunks of trees, arc often dug up ; and fometimcs the re- mains of the dcvaliations of probably later times, as the pavement of (Ireets; &c. They arrived at Bologna, which is but three pods from Modena, on the 30lh, having palTcd the Ifola Triumvirada in the way. Modena contains about 90,000 inhabitants: it is governed by a fcnate, con- filling nominally of forty, but by a politic addition of ten, to facilitate the influence of the pope, aftually compoied of fifty, under the direflion of a Gonfalonicrc, as fupreme magillraie, who is changed by eletlion every two months. The pope's vice- gerent cxercifes by intrigue more authority than he is conftitutionally inverted with by the ftate. lie is allowed, indeed, to prcfide at the judicature of criminal caulcs. The prclcnt legate has refidcd there five years, which is a longer time than the legates ufually continue-. The pope derives a great advantage from his government, rcDridcd as it is by the privileges of the Hate. The llrccts of Bologna arc narrow, and darkened by arcades : they are wafhcd by a branch of the Reni, which turns the mills employed in the nianu- fafture of filks, damaflvs, latins, velvets, and. laf- fatas, of ihi.s town. Tlu' people are ccncinly dilhn- guifhed for their ingenuiiy and indullry. Tlicy excel particularly in making waliuii-tr;e work, artificial flowers, &c. The lIologiuTc are no nigqards of the wealth which they procure from tuulf. Their public build- ings and churches are numerous and grand ; among the latrcr tint of St. Pctionius, wiiich contains the meridian line of Ciifmi, that from June to January marks the point ol tnid-dciy, is tiic laigeft. 1. a Ma- dona di St. I.ut a, which is (iiifly lituated on an emi- nence without the town, is aficndcd to by a grand arcade of three mile.-, in length, open by pillars to the fouth. The ertatrs of Bologna are equally divided between all the children; hence nobility has been fometimcs iinpoverifhed, but trade, perhaps, promoted. The nobility, however, (lill maintain fuHicient fplendor. The univcrfity of Bologna ftill retains fome of its ancient reputation, as the chiet fchool of civil jurif- prudence cultivated in conjuntlion with the elegant parts of literature. Theimmcdiate environs of Bologna are beautifully diverfificd and plealanl. They want only the Ipread- ing fulnefs of a river 10 wind between their hills. The ftreams that flow through the valley are Ihrunk to creeping rills, which, with difiicultv, make their way over rough beds; Inch are moft of the Italian rivers that our tnvcllcrs met with : ftony channels in the hot weather, and torrents in the cold; in the winter conferring no ornament, in the funimer fprcading dcvallation. They left Bologna on the 3d of November, and though obliged to take fix horfes to their cliaife, could not, in this hilly country, get further than I'cligare, four polls from Bologna. On quitiing the fertile valley in which Bologna (lands, they entered on the Appennincs, and continued to afccnd and defccnd hills but little adornod the whole way ; from one of them they had a diflant glimpfc of the gulph of Ancona. On quilting Feli!»arc nc.\t morning, they had a view of a little volcano in the neighbourhood of the Douane, where they diOributed Ibme bribes not to have their baggage dillurbcd on entering Tufcany. The volcano, as it is called, appeared at (omc dif- tance to be compoied only of a flame of IVnall cir> cumference, affording a kind of glow-worm light which required the contrafl of darkncfs to produce any eflPeft. The flame is a baroineicr to the neigh- bourhood ; it incrcafci on the appruach of bad wea- thers and when ficrccft. portends a florin. Some years hence this volcano may he dangerous to the neighbourhood: it is now an objed only of curi-> ofity. The next day they toiled again, for four ports, over ."Vpennines and Alps, fomeiimcs aflilled by oxen. At Monte Carili they pafFed a I'mall negledcd houle, which is called a chateau of the duke: it is nut re- markaiile for beauty or pofitiun. Having quitted the mountains, the laft of which is adorned with fome fine cyprefs trees, they got, towards evening, a noble view of the vale of Arnoof Flo- rcncc, fpreading wide its white houfcs, fuhurbs, and villas, through a charming well varied country, of which the hills and the valleys were covered with dufky-leaved olives and vineyards. Florence well deferves the praifes which it has received. Trade and the fine arts fecm to flouiifli there in union. The ftrcets and quays that border on the Arno arc delightful. The bridges, paitrcu- larly the Pontc della Trinita, with the Itatues of the feafons, and that with the cycloidical arches by .Ani- manati, are very handComc. The houfes have u noble appearance; and the ornaments of Iculpture fcattcred about the town give it a claflical air. In every part of the city are works and buildings crcdcd lor in embellilhmcnt, by the Medici family. The gallery at Florence dcfcrvcs particular notice. The lirfi entrance to it opens the pcrfpe£live of a corridore, lengthened to the fight by its narrowiiefs, and lined on each fide with piHures, ilaiues, and bulls. A walk through rows of emperors, and cm- pcrelTes, conduHs one to its tribunes and detached rooms, every one of which contains beautiful and interelliiig works of antiquity. The churches here, which amount to near one hundred and filty, bcfides the chapels of cighty-fevcii convents, contain fome fine works by the bed maC- ters, and, in general, they are beautifully adoined with marble, drawn partly from fome fine quarries which are found in the neighbourhood. The duorno, or cathedral, hjs a magnificent ex- terior of varioully coloured marbles emblematically reprcfentativc of the fpledid ouifidc of the Romilh faith; while the coarfe and negledcd interior fiiggefls the idea of correfpondence not fo favourable to the inlide of the thing to which it it compared. Tlic tower, as it often happens in Italy, is let apart from the refl of the building. The gates of the bupiillciv, which are of bron/.c, fciilpturcd with parts of I'acrcd hillory from the New 'J'ellament, arc faid to have been praifed by .Michael .\ngelo, as fit to be the gates of heaven. In the cloifter belonging to the beautiful church of the annunciation, is the celebrated frefco of la Ma- donna del Sacco, by Andrea del .Sarti, who wjs buried in the church. It is to be lamented ih.it the work will expire with a fate accelerated by its expo- fuic to the air. Tlie chapel of St. Lorenzo, beauti- fully decorated as it is with Sicilian jafper and curi- oully inlaid and variegated marbles, flill remains ai) unfinifhed monun>cnt of the Mediccan family. The family is exiiiid in its chief line ; and the maurolciim is not completed; feven dukes have been buried it) it. The tombs of Galilaeo and of Michael Angela arc to be feen in the church of Santa Croce, as is that of Brunellefchi in the duorno or church of S. Maria del Fiore, on which ihii architcd boldly raifed the firft cupola, or dome, that appeared in Kuropc. I'he prefent generation of Florentines is not dif- tinguiflicd by the number of its philofophers, poets or ariifls. The people have the reputation of bciiijt friendly and benevolent; ai\d, perhaps, they arc'clii corrupt than in other parts of Italy. It is certainlVi however, a delightful city, and flrangers who finle in Italy, will, perhaps, do well to prefer it to nny place. Its fituation in the vale of Arno, and on the banks of the river, is extremely beautiful. I'he liir- roiinding hills are charming. It is impolfiblc to live at Rome or Naples during the fumincr moiiihs, wlnla the V E L S. ends a dorm. Some Y \vc dangttrous lo the I objcfcl only oF curN again, for four pofts, etinicsadinedby oxen. I'mall lu-gletlcd honl'e, the duke: it is not re- on. . ,ins, the laft of which is irocs, they f^ot, towards e vale of Arnoof Flo- te houfcs, luburbs, and well varied country, of eys were covered with vards. le praifes which it has nc arts feetn to llouridi I and quays that border The bridges, paitau- , with the llatues ol ihe 'cloidical arches by Am- rhc houfcJ have a noble lilsoficulpture fcatlcrcd lical air. In every part buildin(;s crcdtd lor lU ci family. ellrvcs particular notice. ;n$ the perfpcaivc of a e light by its narrow iiefs, iih pidure*. llaiucs, and US of emperors, and em- s tribunes and detached 1 contains beautiful and tv. ich amf>nnt tn near one le chapels of ci^hty-fevcti ;ie works by the bed maf- arc beautifully adorned from fouie fine quarries rhbourhood. 'al, has a magnificent cx- d marbles cmbleniaticaily id ouilidc of the Romilh neglcHcd interior fu^^i^cfli : not fo favourable to the ich it is compared. Tlie in Italy, is let apart from The gates of the bapiillcry, )tured with parts t)f facred tamcnt, are faid to have ngelo, as lit to be the ^aia . to the beautiful church of ■lebraied frcfco of la Ma- idrca del Sarii, who was is to be lamented that tlic le accelerated by its cxpo- )el of St. I.oren/.o, beauii- li Sicilian jafper and cun- i marbles, ttill remains an u- Mediccan family. Tl'c iflinc; and the maufolciim lukes have been buried m ■o and of Miehael Angclo h of Santa Croce, as is that ,rno or church of S. Maria archiictl boldly raifed the It appeared in Kuropc. I of Florentines is not dil- r of ilsphilofophers, poets avc the reputation of bcinit 'and, perhaps, ihcy arc 'ci» ts of Italy. It is certawilv. y, and ft rangers who fittle lo well to prefer it to nny IP vale of Arno, and on iH* rcmcly beautiful. I'he »r. ,„g. Iiisimpoinbleio IV'-- a the funnncr months. wliii« TRAVELS THROUGH GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, and ITALY. 829- the air of Florence is relrelhed by tcuiperate breezes from the mountains and the fea, even in the hotted fcafon. In the winter it is foinewliat cold, being expoled to the Tranioniane winds, puriicularly liiice the Appenines have been dripped of tlieir lirs. Provifionsand fruit are abundant and cheap, and the contiguity of the fea affords opportunity ol receiving from or fending to KMglii"d wliatever may be neecl- fary, as alio a facility o. repairing to tlie coad for health or pleafure. Its being the rclidenee of an ambalfador facilitates inirodudion to lutiety; and- the CafTino is opened, without difhculty, to draiigers, who may alfociate with the nobilitv of both le.\,.i that ad'emble here for cards and converfation, and occal'lonaliy for dinner parties. The d) le of vifiting is not codly : very few eiitcr- taininenis arc f;iveii at private houf'es, except thofe at which the whole cxpincc may be lemonade and ice, and lomctimcs tea. The chief intc-reourle is in niornin;; vilits, 01 at public places. 'J'he dinner is fclhfh and ncgli};iiu all over Italy. At Florence the women appear every evening at the opera or tlic theatre, where they iiavc annual boxes : iwooflhem are f-:ldom iixMi lojcil'.er. A lady, aiiendcd by a ca- valiere Icrventc, or lornetimes by two t)f this Ipecies of anini.il tlic Cecond being a kind of inferior deputy ceci(beo) is viliied by oilii r gentlemen, and fomctimcs by lome iil'ihe ehicl pcrlormer.s in litr box. He who afpircs to the honour of JK-iiig inlidcd i;i the fervicc of a laiiy, rjiay undergo ilii. pleafing duly of attendini; her eveiy men iiirig, .lad citnning her, in a carriage, or oil horlebatk, in the \vo;)di and walks that border on the Arno. Attended by tlicfe guardians of their virtue, the won.cn vilit every pl.ice or petl'on to wliom whim niav h'Jil tiicm, and call on (ingle men at lu. icings or hotels without Itiuple. F.very woman ainioil in Italy is openly iiegivfled by the man who h..s folenin- ly plighted his vows to her, and atteiidid by thole who are privileged to pollels the opportunities of feduftion. The Florentine nobles live in magnificent hoiifes, but tliey llill fell wine by the bottle: lome oi' them have a better education than ihc nobility of Italy in general receive, and in their manlions may be feen the indications of literature and tade. Aiihe Ramiiuini palace our travellers were fiiewn a very fine and Ipiritcd drawing, on a lacicd Inlijett, by Mengs, the Raphael of niodtrn times, which was executed by that painter under ilic eunvittioii of approaching death, when his oxpir in;; genius roiifed itielf to execute a lalt monument to his lame. At the Riccardi palace alio tiny had a line library to admire, rich in inanulcripts, and books printed in the i5ih century, as well as a laloon with a ceiling painted by Liica Gordano; and in other palaces many and beautiful jrclures. Here alio is a Ipicies »)f amufemcnt fimilar but in- ferior to that of Sadler's Wells. One evening while our iravclleis were there, a man dcl'ceiided by a rope, on which he relied l)y a board lixed lo his bread, from the ceiling to the ilage, with great .ipplaufe. Having left Florence, they travelled three pofts, by Pruio, through a flat coiiniry of vineyards to Pilloia, a dull delvrted town, containing l.itilc to arrcd the hady travtIUr but lome pitlures, in an old llyle, in one of the (.iiurclies. From thence they jirocecded,' three polls and a half, through a country well planted with vineyards and ieparaied into I'mall ciicldhires, l.iicca is the metropolis of a fmall republic, c(m- taining about one hundred and twenty thouland peo- r»t, in a didrift of, peiliaps, ibiity miles in circum- ference. The town has no very cheerful appearance, for the houl'es are all lofty and (hut up with grated windows, and the dreets are lomewhat narrow; it is enlivened, however, by the biil'y activity of ilic peo- ple, who arc dill asdidiiiguiihed for indullry as they were in the time of Sirabo. The foil of the eonntry is reniarkbly fertile and well repays the labour of the ti'iiants. h fariticrly luniidicd lu^jplics lo the Ho- 90. midi armies. Its olives, and other prodiidions, now allord a revenue of 400,000 crowns. Tl;e govern- ment is arillocratical. This place lays claim, indeed, to an antiquity little (Iiort of that of Rome, though, according to fonic accounts, it was peopled by a Roman colony. It was edeemcd tlic chief town in Cilalpine Oaul. Some vediges of the fplendour of Lucca, in former ages, arc dill to be feen. An olliiariuni and a cine- rarium were dilcovercd in 109a, by which it appear- ed, that the people were formerly buried and burnt within the walls of the town, contrary to a law of the twelve tables, which the independent fpirit of the people difrcgardcd, as well as to all fahitary regu- lations. The remains of its magnilicent amphithe- atre, into which whole foreds and oceans were occa- fionally introduced, and which was alternately filled with the beads of Afia .ind .'\frica, and with the fleets and monllers of the deep, arc now convened into the walls of a prifon dill to reverberate with the founds of guilt and niifcry. I'lie materials of 1 his amphitheatre have been employed in the ercdinn of churches, in honour of that religion which fiippreded the barbarous fpLHacles therein exhibited. Lucca is faid to have been converted to Chriftianity by St. Paolino, a difciple of St. I'eter, of whom ma- ny miraculous dories are related, and who is fiippofed to watch, with the adeflioii of a patron, over the intereds and I'ecurity of the city, where he is reve- renced as one of the feventy dil'ciples, and the firft martyr of Tufeany. 'I'hc dotlriiies and principles of the Romifli church took deep root at I.ucca. The bidoriaiis of the city are anxious to vindicate the prctenfions of St, .Amliony, a pried of Lucca, to the honour of having fird inltitnied the eremetic life in Italy, in the fourth century, by retiring himfelf to .Mount Pifano, now called San Pantaleone, in the territory of Lucca. There is fomcwhat of the dricl fpirit of republican cfjualiiy to be met with at Lucca. No titles arc borne hy the liigher r.iiiks, except in the cafe of a few individuals who have foreign didindions. Sump- tuary laws are obferved even by the women, who wear black the whole )car, except during the Car- nival, when tlicy change tlieir colours every day. A ride of two polls, from Lucca, brought our travellers through a low wet country to Pifa, which is a remarkably fine dately city. The quays are broad and handfome, and the Arno dilating towards its mouth has a nobler expan!e here than at Florence. The dreets built 011 each fide of the river have a grand appearance. Florence and Paris derive their ornament from buildings circumftanced in a fimilar manner. Wren dcfigned that London (honid have tal.cn the lame advantage of its river, and if his plan had been adopted drangers would have heard but little of the views from the Pont-Neuf, or of the pcrfpedive of the can.ils in the Dutch towns. The two (ides of I'il'a are connedcd by three bridges, one ofwhich is very handfome. 'I'he Arno, however, is but Ihallow, and navigable even in the winter only by I'mall ved'els, which are towed by boys, who run along a wall which forms part of the embankment of the river. The town has loll mnth of its ancient popiilaiiun and importance; and indead of the one luimlnd and fifty ilioiifand inhabitants of which it once bijaded, among which were one hundred citi- zens, each of which fitted out a galley at his own expeiue, and maintained it during a war, it docs not now toiiiain above twenty thoufand. The court, however, ol'icn refides here, particularly during the winter, a^ the air is milder than at Florence. The I'il'a guide, if a traveller can procure it, will give l-.im nil ample account of the botanical garden and the oWervatory, of a cathedral with pillars from the temple of r.phcl'us, and gates, fome from jeru- faleiii, lome elaborated by John of Bologna; of a bapiillcry, remarkable for its font and pUlpit, and of a leaning tower, of which it is not yet determined, whether the inclined pofitioii be Uefigncd or acci- 10 A dental. h . 830 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. ■i\ dental. Me will alfo remark the curious cuftomn, (hand battles oji the btidge, annual ceremonies, &c. &c. It may be worth while, however, fo notice the campo fanto, a certiefry of very peculiar defcrip- tion : it is built up6n the ic'puted ditnenlions of the ark, being five hundred and fifty palms in length and one hundred Snd fixiy in breadth. The earth in its entlofure is faid to have been brought from Paleflint, and to have the power of pulverifing bodies, depofited in it, in the fpace of twenty-four hours. The walls afe painted in frefco with fantaltic and extravagant reprefentations of death, in different forms, and of angels employed in the pious office of taking fouls out of the mouths of juft perfons, or of conteding with devils for friars and godly perfons, with other fuch edifying conceits: but the moil im- portant objefls of obfcrvatioh in it, are two old infcriptions which iliuftrate the cuftoms of antiquity. They dclcribc the honours vftted by the Pifart colo- ny to Lucius, and Caius Cxhr, the fons of Augullus. To Lucius is decreed a black ox and a black fheep, adorned with blue fillets : it is direftcd that the facri- fices (hould be burnt, and that urns of milk, honey, and oil fhould be poured upon them. Caius, who died of wounds fullaincd for the republic, is to be lamented by a general mourning, with a fufpenfion of all bufinefs and amufcment: and the 2 ill of Feb- ruary is noted as an inaufpicious day, in which no facrifices, fupplication^, and cfpoufals can be made, and no games, but tliol'c of funeral riles, can be celebrated. In this cemetery is a monument, recently iet up, in honour of Algarotti. The country bctv.cen I'ila and Leghorn, but two Eofts diSlant ffom each other, is well wooded. Leg- orn is a fmall town. The appearance of trade is not great. Englifli goods, ufcful and ornamental, of every kind arc cjfpoKd in the (hops, fomc of which are very handfome, in ilic Ityle of thofe in London, And contain a great variety of articles. The llreeis and coffce-houfes are crowded with people of all nations, with Jews and Turks, and all the throng of the mercantile tribe, whofe daily buz foon wearies the flranger that loiters but fur obfcrvation and amufcment. The port, the cuHom houfcs, and particularly the lazaretto v/here quarantine is performed with fccurity io the town and convenience to the individual, arc well appointed and dire^cd. It is a pleafing and no uncommon circumftance for perfons, eager for the focieiy of their relations, to enter the la7.arelto and live in temporary fcclufion, and at the rifk of fuRcr- ing, from infcEllon, with the objefts of their re- gavd. Not very far from thclaiaretto is a burial-ground : difcafe and death are near neighbours. I'his fpot is cfpecially intercfling to the En^lth traveller, at ap- propriated to the reception of his countrymen. There are fcveral handfome monumenis, but the infcriptions are ni>t often claflical, and fomctimcs favour of incrcantitc I'pirit. The evening amuleinents at Leghorn arc confined, et this time of the year, to the t heat iv, and dramatic reprefentations are in general exhibited by Neapoli- tan children ( pygmean aflorsj whrtlfc premature powers, and artificial accomplifhmcnts furprife and difsuft the fpe£lator. Having left Leghorn, they flept the firft night at Pifa, and the next day arUVcd at Sienna, after they bad pafled through a country Which, by its vege- tation and fcenery, reminded them of England, til! they came again to hills covered with olives. Their road lay through Farnachciti, Cadel, del Rofco, ^cala, Ccrtaldo, Poggio Bonti, and Cadiglioncello, in all eight pofls. Sienna it fomewhat of a folitary town, fituated in a very beautiful country. The Ehgtitli often choofe it for a rcfidence. In the time of Dante its polite inhabitants enjoyed the reputation of fpeaking the Italian language in great purity, and ihcy have re- tained the reputation ever Tit)c6. Hence it is rcfort- ed to as a fchool, in which are flndied tlie graces <>4 the Italian tongue. Society is obtained here with little di^fficnity. The Iwiios, however, arc faid to be dangerous and to ahulb the frucdom which ihcy enjoy, more, perhaps, than (lie women of any lowit in Italy ; and no where, in good truth, are they ovf r« much redrained. The cathedral in this t4)wn i» ela- borately enriched with marble fculpiurcd pillars, and Mofaic pavement, by Dominiro I.UirHfuini > and the curious pulpit of diaphanous ,-, il:ey entered the pope's territories, which were inltanily charaflcrifed by the appearance of idlencfs and dirt. At San Lorenzo, their next llagc, they had a fine view of the expanded lake of Uolfena, and loon arrived at the town of Uolfena. Travelling from thence they entered the Bo&o Hclerno, tlic ancient Lucus Volfinenfium, where fomc of the pope** guards demanded money for pro- teding them againit the unauthoriled banditti who formerly pillaged travellers in this notorious wood. Their route, as they continued ihoir journey umler oaks fcarce yet difcoldtirc (1 by the linis orsiiuip:'i, conduced them through .Mi ii'ofiaitoiiv to V ntibo, t large town, of which the inhnbitaiits lupport twrniy- four convents. The air of the ncighbourl)o<»J it impregnated wiili fulpliurious panicles, which afcciiii from a ilnall lake, formed at no great diUancc by (lie waters which illuc from a boiling fpring. They fet off very early next morning, and hurried through fomc now unrecorded towns, about fix polls, to Rome. Thepollilliuns drove, the lall miles, with uncrxnmon rapidity. They had no fooner alighted at Pio'i, in the Pia7xi di Spagna, than they procured a guide and hallentd through fome dirty flreeisj and over the bridge of St. Angelo, to St. Peter's. They arrived at Kom« in the evening of December e, and contented them- (elves for theprefcnt With a bally view of St. Peter's of the corfo crowded with ecclcfiallics, of the large and incumbered palaces of the nephew* of popes and cardinals, of the churches and public buildings (li this didinguiflicd city, and then returned to their lodgings, where their rooms were thronged wiili valets, tradeihien, .antiquarians, Ac. &C. It is vain to look ft>r any features of Pagan or ChriUian Rome feparaiely : they are (Irangcly Wen* ded and incorporated together. It ii fometimes diffi- cult to afccrtain the works of ancient and modern times, and aimed impodible to dilcriminate between the charaflcrs of ancient aud modern fupeiflilion. Houfes of recent date exhibit the dctachod and Iciilp- tured Iragitients of Roman buildinfi^. Chriltian churches arc ere6led on the foundations, and con- druded with the materials of heathen temples. The llatues of the apodles -re lupported by the culiimm of the emperorif: and the remains of the putcoli, deligired (br the reception of the vileft ftavcs, are loll in the labyrinth of the catacombs, now honuuitd •( the fcpulchre of the primitive martyr^ rhe church of St. Thcodone d»hd« «♦» the ruint of a temple ereAed in honour of the infant fmindin of Rome, on the (Jibt where they wcr« falwloiilly reptmed to have been nurlcd. The church of Si. Cofino and St. Damian unfolds the^aiet of a temple, dedicated to the fanne reputed fourtdcrt of the city. That of S«m« M«ria, (<*pnt Minerva, btfpeik* m o»n ,\^ iidicd t\\f graces <>4 obtained here w»h )\vfvcr, arc h\A ta freedom which ihcy women of any lowit ruih, «re they ovtr- I ill this town i» eU- ulpiiircd pillars, and lUirnlumi i and the lalier is worlted wiiW l>iia, AFier admiring tucs, onr travellers wcmy-ni*ie voiumrt church fervico, cxc- ; more volttincs now >iik ; a beautiful »nd rpt the firft flight « c, which liood in tho in Chiiifi, the anaieni na. The ncxi morn^^ mr rockv unadorned Hi.i.to a InwH wretch* iiio, il-.iy entered the inlUiiilv ( harafterifed s nnd dirt. Al San y had a hnc view of a, and loon arrived at cy entered ihc BoCco I Volfmeiifium, whtra nanded money for pro' luthoriled banditti who I this notorious wood. :^\ ihoir journey umier )y tlic tints of auuirvi, itoftaii"ii» lo ^ lift bo, 4 ibiianis lupron twrntv- ilic ncinhbourho« 4, and coiuentcd them- haliy view of St. Peter's, cclefulUcs, of the large ie nephews of popes ami and public buildings ol ihcn returned to ihrir US were thronged wiil> ans, Ac. &C. ,ny Ivatures of Pagan or thvy are Hr-inpcly Wen- cr. IiisrotnetimesdifTi. of ancient ahd modern to dilcriminaie bettfcert itid modern fupciftiiion. It the dctach»d ami Iciilp- , buildings. Chrillian le foundations, and con- I heathen temples. The jpportcd by the column! remains of the putcoii, _,f the vileft Oivcs, are oil :ombs, now honouitd •< rcmartyr^ jdore ftatitl' *« *'i« '"'"' ,ur of the infant fmindrrt re they wcrt l*b«l«M«/ fed. I'Ue church ol St. .Idsthesate'ofaw^r' lied founders of the «")• a Minerva, htfpeik* «• TRAVELS THROUGH GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, amd ITALY. 8j» .f1 own origin ; and without going out of Rome to find the walls of the temple ofUacchus in the church of St. Urbino, we need only obfcrvc, thai the Pantheon dedicated by Agrippa to Jove and other deities, was confecrated by Pope Boniface the fourth, to the Virgin and holy martyrs, and by Gregory the fourth to all the faints. The Corinthian brals, dcfpoilcd from the portico of this temple, was converted into tht canopy, fapported by its wreathed columns, at the Papal altar of St. Peter's ; and tiie church of St. Paul is decorated with marble pillars, drawn from the maufoleum of Hadrian. The temper of the Romans ever afpiring, dill often exhibits its force in the degenerate race of the prefent day, in which may be noticed a commanding prcfcnce, an exprclTive countenance, an impofnig air, a genius and a vigour which need but encou- ragcilient and direfclion to break throtii^h the fetters which redrift their exertion. If wc would advert to the magnificence of the ancient city, as difccrnible in monuments dill extant, we mud confider, with ado- nilhmcni, the grand, though half dilapidated fabric of Colilfacum; the extent and atconimodaiions of the Imperial baths, fpread out like provinces with walks, porticos, and mufcums, enriched with every variety of decoration ; the temples of the city and its obclifks, its triumphal arches and well compa(!\ed roads, carried over rivers and mountains to the ex- tremities of the remoted provinces) its aquedutU, its catacombs, its tombs, and its palaces. The remaining monuments, ciofclcd in the flou- rilhing times of the republic, are inconfidcrablc when compared with thofe of its declining date. The Tiber dill divides the city, and of the Sublician or A^milian bridge only fome piers are now left ) of the capitol the fite alone is known ; its immobile faxum has difappeared; of the temple, where Numa Pompilius had hisintcrcourfe with /F.gcria, and derived fandlions for his falutary laws, nothing remains but a dripping grotto with a broken ftaiue: of the great work of the Cloaca Maxima but one arch of a fewer is to be fcen. As foon at an acquaintance with the works of Greece and of other countries produced a tade for (he arts, the emulation of the candidates for popular favour, and the rivalfhip and munificence of Impe- rial patronage, filled the city with buildings of ufeful or odentatious charatfer. The quarries of Kgypt were imported, and the marbles of Ada were work- ed up to Grecian dedgns. Unfortunately it happened, that the temples erected in the earlier periods, and the edifices built near them in later times, were fo crowded together, that they mud have lod halfiheir effea. For fome time Rome was bounded by its feven bills and raifcd up its works on a confined fcale. When its dominion increafcd, a predilcHion for the feat of empire dill remained ; and the arts, though generally introduced, were cramped in their exer- tions. The necclFity of fortifying a city, of which the inhabitants were engaged in continual wars with the neighbouring powers, required that the drects (hould be nurrow, as more eafy to be defended, and as occupying a iefs fpacc. Kdabliftied plans are not readily altered i and the central part of Rome, for many igei, mud have been redridcd to its original dimcnfions, which were extremely confined, as one may judge from the ancient plan of Rome dilcovercd on a pavement in the cluirch of St. Cofmo and St. Dainian; from the dimentions of the ancient forum; and from the breadth of thr via facra, a principal Rrcet of Rome, in which it. religious procedions were difplayed, and in which Horace and other fpe- euiaiive loiterers drolled, Rome did not dilate into its open fpaces till edablilhcd profpcrity excited con- fidence in the fecurity of the capital. Notwiihftanding a rulFiciency of Rome remains, to enable the traveller to trace the progrefs of its archi- tcdurefrom it* perfedion, in the time of Augudus, •10 it! decay in the time of Coiiftantinc. No one who views the remains of the marble city of the for- mer emperor, but mud heartily wifh to have fcen Rome in its fplcndour. In beholding the arch of the latter emperor loaded with the ornaments of a happier period, the decay of the arts muft be much lamented. The intelligent traveller, who dwells with impro- ving mcditition on the changes which the city has fudained, and on the moral caufes tbnt have efieftcd . them, feels con(iderai)lc fatisfaclion in this wonderful place, and finds every objcft pregnant with indruc- tion. The Colidxum, driking as a beautiful ruin, does not I'udicicntly arred the attention, unlefs the fpeflator recollefls not only the favage purpofes to which it was generally applied, but that the altars, raifed within its circiim(crencc, are confecrated to faints martyred there for a religion now triumphant. The temple of Peace becomes more intcreding, if it is alfo recollcfled tliat in it were lodged the fpoils brought from Jcrulalcm ; that it was afterwards burnt, like the temple of which it received the treafures, and that its riches dowcd in a molten dream through the dreets of Rome. The arch of Titus will exhibit proofs of the accomplifhment of the Hebrew prophe- cies, to him who confidcrs the fculptured reprefen- tations of the facrificial vedels, the tables of the (hew bread and of the law, and of the candledick with the feven branches. Our piety will be awakened to indru£live rcncClions, on remembering that Titu.'s entered through this arch to clofe the gates of the temple of Peace, in aufpicioiis tedimony of an cfta- blidied concord emblematical of that peace which Chridianity, abolidiing the jcwidi polity, fliould finally produce. The inlcription on the arch of Condantine becomes really curious to the reader, who, in the expreflTion of the emperor's having favcd the republic "by an impulfe of the divinity and the grealnels of his own mind," difcovers an allufion to the dream which hidorians reprcfcnt to have prece- ded the vitlory over Maxcntius: and in traverfing the vad traft which was covered by the palace of Nero, it is fatisfaflory to recolleft, with Orofius, that a building polluted by crimes, and from which Chridianity was cruelly perfecuted, was marked out as a monument of dedruftion by divine vengeance. The church has had its periods of tade in the arts, and its periods of decay. Its temples, where the graceful dome is fufpendcd, where the breathing iiatue and the living piflure are diewn, are too often incumbered with rich materials and elaborate orna- ments ; its virgins drelF^d out in trumpery, and its altars covered with tinlel. 'I'here is but little encouragement given to modern arti'ls either by the pope or the Roman nobility, who are content with exhibiting the trcafurcs ofhereditary podeirion; and they, whofe ancedors rewarded the labours of Michael Angelo, now fcarce afford to pay an anid to copy portraits ; and when they do, they chiefly encourage foreigners. Our travellers made an cxcurfion to Tivoli, to which they drove, over eight miles dreary wade of the Campania, a country once defcribed, by Varro, as an orchard, and excelling all lands in fertility. The parts of it which are now thinly inhabited, are laboured by perfons who repair to it for a feafon from Viterbo, Perugia, and other parts of Italy : the Ro- man territories being depopulated by cadraiion, celi- bacy, and bad government. The few tenants of the didrift prelcr the pure air of the mountains to thaf. of the plains, rendered unwholefome by the noxious vapours which alcend from dagnant waters and a volcanic foil. The country about Rome is of a very volcanic nature. The fccnery of Tivoli ; the fine ruins of the villa of Miccenas, of which the arches dill dil'play a great range of front covered now with vineyard.s ; the cafcades, fome of which rudi head- long from the rnins to fwcU the Arno ; the hill* covered with olives, and the elegance and projefling fwell of the Sybil's temple, hanging over the grotto of Neptune, both amufc and delight the mind. The 832 NEW COLLECTION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS. They were condurtcJ to thi villa Eftcnfe, near the town where Ilippolito of Kile, cardinal of Fcrrara, whom Ariofto dedicated his Orlando Furiolo to, built up his taOelcIs and elaborate (Iniclure, gardens, terraces, grottos, and other artiiicial works in face of the bold and uncontrolled beauties of the neigh- bouring country. • - ' Afterwards they vi(ited, with lefs plcafiire, Frci- cati. where the iiuidern Romans, as well us thole of ancient times, pafs a few of thole weeks when it is mod unhealthy to rc-mjin at Rome. 'I'he villas are (lately, the gaT'dens large and adorned with water- works, hydraulic organs, bulls, lUtuet, &c. ll^^»^^Q«l2!*^iQ^S'i53^aCs*©«S^3*3i?5ffli*^-^^ CHAP VI. Departure from Rome — J'elrlri — Terracina — Fundi — Mali Ji du-ia — I'rom Capua to Niip!i's — The Beauties of the Bay — Amufcmcnis, (Sc, — Diparlure from Naples — I'rji/i Rome — I'urious Touiu — I'euue — J'uiiua — lernta — Jtuglbourg, ire. — Arrival at Brujfets — Coiictujioii. , ■ . ' . HAVING left Rome they drove over other parts of the defertcd Campania, rendered interellinj; by the exienlive ruins of an aquediid, and by the veftigcs of a few bmldiii(;.<, and bounded on one lidc by the (lopes oT IrelcHti prettily covered with houfes. As they approached X'eletri the country improved in cultivation, '('here was the appearance of vineyaids, olive-trees, Ac. Veletri is by fome fuppofcd to have bcc.i the birth-place of Aufjulhis. It w.is, cett.Mnly, foinc- times the feat of the rclidonce of ihc emperors j and the ruins of Otho's paku'^ ate Dill to be leeii in the neighbourhood. A.s it in not above twenl\ or twen- ty-hve mill's Irom Home, ii was near eiiouj'ii to partake of ilie viciliiiiii!i-,s of ih<- cap'i.il. It now contains abuiit hliec ii iluiiiland ii .itmants. It afford' but indifleri'iit dfcoininixi.iu ms i'> iravollers. 'Ihc next niorninii .it'ter l..tvlll^ ji.ilird through a countrv (lightly v.inc^jtcd with culm 1:1011, ihcy entered on the Piiiriiio inarlhe>, .md p'ooccdid rapuilv oxer.i tine ro.iii .ibove feii>, a> i-xicmed and dreary as tliok- of Linculidhire, about h\ pofls and a hair to Terracina, of wiiich the hue Ipiral rock, formerly called Re.':'), anj a lea view opined, beau- tifully. It i> a (mall town with a rhuicli built on the lofty fumniit, vhere Hood, 111 am lenl days, on the while rocks of .An.\ur, a temple of |iipiti.T. ("he neighbourhood of 'I'erracina exhibits a beaiitilul difplay of the produttiuns of the Italian climate. Ilaving entered the .\'e."politan dominions, as they approached Fundi tlioy were (Iruck with the fight of an orchard of orange trees, the fird that they had fccn; for thou,",!) ihiie trees abound towards Nice, and in fome (hcltered and -.nore mild (pots of Italy, they arc confined in the parts which they have hitiier- to vifitcd. Thofc which they (aw near I nudi were about the fizc of a large apple tree ; they are tliimpv, but fumcwhat too round and regular to produce a pi£lurefquc clfcd, notwithdanding the beauty of the golden fruit coniralh d with the green of its leaves. There are very fine cork trees in the neigiibouiliood, which retain tiicir lic.iiiiiful (able giceii leaves, re- fcnibling thofe of the ilex during the winter months. The iiihabiiant,-. of l'"uiidi have had a bad cliaratltr from the highcll antiijuiiy. Mola di (>aeta is a (mall fidiing town, bcaiiiifully (iiuatcd at the head of a delightful bay. 1 he whole neighbourhood (Warms with inhabitjiu.i, whom indullry might clothe better, but who fecm to piefcr dirt and poverty with iudo- Iciicc, to wealth and hai)piMc('s with labour. From Mola di Ciacta, they had a charming ride t!ic nc.M morning, along a line terrace covered with myrtles and olives, 10 Carigliano, where they palftd the river Caiigliano, the (ilent l.iris of antiquity, and the bomuUry of ancient I.aiium, near which arc the remains of an aqueduft that belonged to Minturiia.-, and the plains where the Romans fought with the I'areiuine.s, aided by I'hyrrus. 1 he drive from thence, by St. Agade and Irantoled, to Capu?, is lefs adorned bv vcgetdiio;i; it i-s however, populous and fertile. From Capua the.y ijaJ two pods to Naples, where they arrived as the evening cloCcd, and drove down ] tlic throng of the .'^trada di Toled(\ liglitcd wiih candles at the llall«, placed on each (ide, as occa- fional (hops of providons, which, together with the lamps at the madonnas, aiitl the llamhei'.ux of a,llring ol carriages, proiinccd a gay c(fettol |llninination, (hey took n|> their aboje at the hotel de W-nice. The next morning, though the iyih of December, they breaklalKil upon the pi illorm of (ome leads which hang over tlio b:Uder o( this heailtiiul bay, admiring, iindira linnmcr's luii, \'eliiviiis, I'rom the coincal top tii' which illued a cloudy column of fmokc i and around them the white and cheerful buildings that encircle the bay, the idand of Capri, and the fliore of Fortici. Finding their lodging, however, inconvenient, they moved to Labotte's, a lituation equally bcauliftil. 'I'he beauties of the bay at Naples arc numbcrlefs. The I'auro Farnefc is a driking and admirable piece of rriiiptiirc, in which, on a (ingle block of white niaihle, are reprefented Amphion antl /.clhus in the atl of tying their (lip-moilur to tlic horns of a wild liiill in order to throw her therewith into the fca. '! hii magnificent work, it is to be feared, may fuller from its < xpoiure to the weather. The [)ort and ilie pier at N'aples, are likcwifevery bcijiihil J but the g-ner il dilhihuiioii of the ciiv is ii.-i llnkiii'V The .'s'eapolitan !h le of aichiitdiire ;-ii.ulj ionie of (he churchcr .<• :,jiiiii,Mnc, and ex- tremely rich in ornai- - ;> . ilic pitlurrs which they cont.nii do not en; ., ..iiention after thofe at Ixonie. It is the mil. nil, on arriv.il ..i .\'i|ilcs, as il is alio at Spa and oij.cr places, to lend round cards to the principal drangers; an attention which, though it does not edablilh an acquaintance, facilitates inter- cour(e. There is an afTcmblage of foreigners from .ill parts, who meet at the honf< ofthe ddfereni iinhal- Cadors i and alio at the academy, for admidion to which, it is iieced'ary to be furndhed with tickets by the ambadddors, and to be provided wiih a full did*. At this academy is a good concert, .oid caids, and principes and principedas in crowds. The .Veapoli- tan nobles do not (land high in their general char, tcr. iLxtremely uneducated, and holding literatuii: in contempt, the men have little hut their good hu- mour to recommend them. Their evenings are generally ("pent at cards or at an infipid opera j and they have not thofe common fourccs of informaiioii, which, in other couiitriei:, are opened in ncwfpaperi and dramatic eiiiertaiiimeiits. The public amulements at Naple.t arc various and fplendid. The opera- honle, it.s decorations and performers are in a fiipcrior dyle. 'Jhe inferior the- atres are tolerably fuppoiied, but littl2 frequented. The Englilh arc of'icn invited to be fpet-lators of the hunting-matches, at which his m.ijcdy (laiighteri hundreds of boars, which being preferved in his woodj, and fattened on the hnflvs of grapes, on niU' relies, trullles, and rheliiiits, furnilh alitan flvic of archiitfliire Iks ,<■ :ijn(Jl.Mnc, and cx- « . Ihe piclurci which ihcy eniion after thofe at Konic. :\\ .A .\'i|.'it>, as it is alio at > lend ruiiitd cards to the iitention which, though it uaintance, facilitates inter- ne of foreigners from all 111, of the ililfereol Hiihal- acadeiny, for adinillion id le furnilhed with tickets by : provided with a full diiU. id concert, ,iiid caids, and in crowds. The N'capoli- gh ill their general chiir; ted. and holding literatuic c liiilc' but their good hu- em. Their evenings are ir at an iiifipid opera ; and noil fuurces of informaiion, , are opened in iicwfpaperi ills. I at Naples are various and oiile, ils decorations and jr llvle. 'Ihe inferior the- led,' but liitls frequented. invited to be fpcHators of vhich hi» majcfty llaurjuf" h being preferved in liij he huflw of grapes, on nio. uis, furnilh admirable food, ly fuperior to that of any loais are preferved in ilui volcano at Alliumc, wliitli Kc, and of which the lav* I* •..*»>*-.v ■^.v ^' V ill'l [4# -4 -i H«^«Mw Jprf/u^-,0vt:^'^f .yi'miteOTrostitntes.?/ NAPLES . - ■();■'»*>- ■xi^o-H^-r.^*-^ •^' '^ •■Jfir; 'i(- V TRAVELS THROUGH GERMANY, SWlTZEH^AfJlJ, a^io n[^^.Y. 833 ii covered wiih woods, as was that of Vcfuvius before the eruption in «63i. It is no uncommon ciicum- ftance for his majclly's party 10 butcher many hun- dred* of thcfe boars in a few dayj. Naples is filled with porlt, and the lUlls in every llrcet arc covered with its brawny rolls. The king i:. a favourite with hi* people: but his dominions are badly governed; they abound with people infulficicntly employed. No meafures a'rc adopted to fupprilii their crime* by h rigorou* adminittraiion of julticc: and as poverty is very general, notwir' Handing the fertility of the Country, it is unfafc to travel in Calabria, or, indeed, •ny where btit in the public roads. At Naples the ufe of the Atlletto has been as common as in the other parts of Italy. Naples and it* environs are not only fuperior to Rome and its vicinity in the beauties uf nature, but almoft rival them, in the opinion of the general tra- veller, in point of local intereft, and in antiquities, at leill •* to their prefent appearance. On every fide of this delightful city there is much to awaken the rccollcdion of former times : if we proceed through the wonderful palfage of i'aulilipo, and Ikirt the ihores cf Baiar, we trace the veili)>es of Roman temples, the ruins of villas of Poinpey, Ciefar, Ci- cero, Lucullus, Leniulus, and many other diftin- guiflied men, now covered in part by the tranfparent wave* of the bay. In the neighbourhood are the dill more ancient ruins of Cumx; the cave, where the virgin Sybil uttered her oracles; the fragmei.ts of the temple dedicated to Apollo by Dxdalus; the arch of Aqua Felice, a portal of Cumz, and part of a well conftruflcd aqucdutl. Near thefe are the fcenes of Virgil's El>riura with ail its didin^ive fcenery and circumdJnces t the remains of Nero's temple, ventilated by the ingenious tyrant as if with drfign t< I pi olong the -fuiFcrings of the wretched ob- jcBs of his vengeance I the colifa:um, and the pifcina iTiirabilis, a refcrvoir which was conftruflcd to hold tupplie* of.waier fufficient for the fleets at Mifenum, or the luxuries of fiair. Not far from thefe are the Campi PUegrei, the Leucogaia enclofed by pro- jefting brows of hills vthich has continued to fmokc from the time of Strabo, fcalded to whitenefs by the corroding vapour; ancl the mole, or the reputed remains of Caligula's mad attempt. The whole cir- cumfcrrncc to the horizon is marked with claiBcal and diftinguiflted obje€Is ; and we may contemplate at the fame time, with different but intereding fenfa- tions, t&e town of Puzxuoli, decayed fincc the age of Cicero froip a fecond Rome, in which St. Paul preached, on his arrival from Rhcgium, to a fmall fiOiing town, and tjte iflaitds where Julia and the wife and fiAer of Commodus were banilhed, and where Tiberius rioted in beallly fenfuality. If the places, or ruins yet alluded to arc not to be put in coiapetition with the veftiges of antiquity on the Roman territory, lei the traveller drivt in a dif- tereat di(«&ion to Pompeii, over plains laid delblate hy Lava, tathc file « a town more than once de- ftroycd by the cruptioiis of the mountain, as appears from the ibundations and various lamina on which they were laid. Nothing can be more intercOing than the remains of a place preferved ages after ihofe of contemporary cities, by the very dcftrufthan which threatened prematurely to annihilate its every tract. At the. firft flight defcenfat the entrance, may be feenthe foldier'i quarters, with the names of fome ancient Romans, infcribed above feveniccn centuries , ago, on the walls; the platform and profcenia of two ) theatre*; fome rooms of a private lioulc, with a hu- ' -man fliull that once waa animated with the features of • Roman genius; the impreflion of afoot funk in yield- 1 •ing lava ; the perfc6l form of the temple of Ifis, built : • 6f ftuccoed brick ; its columns, its altars; the caena- -lulumof thepriclls, in which the bones of lome lilh ; ■ were found; the flaug!\ter-houfe with the Hill exifting • ring to which the generous and ftruggling viflim was tied, and the canal by which the blood was condufkd away; ';^ 90. If afccnding by the Appiari way, the traveller pro- ceeds acroHs tho vineyard to a firburb of- tlie town, he may behold tyvo narrow ttreet^, each a|>oiit ten feet wide entirely cleared : he .vlji have a perfpcBivc view of both at the fame time divcrgiftgobliquely ('rotli a fountain at a fttarp angle. He will Tcetherowsufhou- fesoneach (idc unroofed, iiideed,and with wall:i dilapi- dated, and pielcnting the appearance ^^f t)iiildjngsb()lf dcllroycda>idclcari;^awayaftcra . TJiepavement, the narrow irt^toir, and channeh worn by the wheels, dill perfefi. The houfoi, excepting o^e 4i|lingiiif))cd by its colonade and trouble ftair-cafe, are yti'y fmajl, and generally built with a portico enclpllng a court, into which fountains were ufually intrpd^i^ced. I'hc apartments, particularly thofe 01*^ the fiirgeons houfe, where there are chirurgical inflruments ahd maij^- fcript rolls, as alfu tholie fuppofed to have belonged to the vcdals, are painted with figures, m;tny ijif which have been removed, but a few Uill remain and look beautiful, when their colours are frcflicned by water thrown upon them. In fome rooms are the remains of Mofaic pavement. The walls of the fc- pulchre at the outtide of the city, are fcidpt jred with ancient maflis. Some ruins in the ncighboiirhoo''. exhibit a fpccJ- i^en of an ancient villa with the whole plan of the hpufe, its qut-houfes, and its garden, which isaboi^i, perhaps, haLfan acre, and divided into compartments, in one of which was a pond. Jhe walls of the rooins retain fome clirate painting. The cellars (lill con- tain Amphou'-, with wine, incruflcd by aflies to a folid fubllaiicc. . In the cellars of this villa the fltelc- ton* of fon e unhappy fufferers were found, who had fled there for ('.elter from the (bower of afhcs which buried the diltrid. At Hcrculaneum the remains of a theatre flill may be feen, with its feats, its orcheltra, and feveral departments, all much more below the furface of the . ground- than arc the ruins of Pqmpeii. In one mufcum at Portici is collefled almoft all the furniture, ufcful and ornamental, of a Roman hpufe. The leftidernia, the lideboard, the culinary utcnfils, and even the eatables are picfcrvcd. Th^ weights and fcalcs and fteeiyards are fcaice excelled by modern improvements. The caledaria with .heat- ers firft fuggelled the . dea of, tea-urns. The imple- ments of agriculture, which refcmble thpfe ufed in our own time, prove that |he neccftity always ppe- ratcs by the moll fimpfe contrivances and , fiiggefls nearly the fainc means, ,1'hc (pp«, and dif^ent repreferitations of ancient .^mufements, prove the antiquity of many games. T|)e toilet ai>d its furni- ture unfold the decorations of female talle. The chirurgical inltruiients here are not fuflicieiit in nuiriber to illu<.t'a:c much of ibeflate pf fur^ery at the time when they weic ufi^d. ^mong the muflcal inilruments i* an uncommon trumpet, which is fup- pofed to be the attcient claixgpr^ubarum. Naples is vifitqd not merely for the rt^mains of antiquity ; nature no where e'xhibita more wonderf'iil and extraordinary features. Vesuvius, .fince our travellers were in its ncighbourhpod, only rplled out a volume pf fmpkc, fometin^es lightly, ai^d gracefully difcharged, fomctimes wiiUjlieavy ai^d lowering cbnl- lition clinging to the fides. /During their flay Ijcre tbcy never once faw the cofufcation of a .Qante, though the mountain' has been often thought to threaten. Having mounted on mules at j*ortici, with impatience to vifit the Crater,. , they rpde ^bout four miles, to the lava at the bafe, part of which is cpvered with chffnuts, and vineyards, from which the Lacryma Chrifti and MUfcfjdel are made. . Qtiit- ting their mules at the convent, they tpilcd over a continuation of large and caji^d alhes of lava, and abpve them afcended by Iq^fc aijd yielding fand, often treading on latent fire, of which t^ey >erc fenfible from the burning heat which fcorchcd, their feet and turned the colour of their ftioes; aijd the excefles of which were avoided only by the^fkill of the guides, who carefully tried arid cxainiTJcd the 10 B 'appear- 834 NEW COLLECTIONT of VOYAGES anh TRAVELS. ( *• m ■•;"» a3 I 'f; m appearances of the lav.-\, left it flioiild buift into a fudden flame. M'iien, after much fatigue, though without being obliged to run over the incruftaiion of the lava, they reached the verge of the crater, and drank their friends health in (ome Englifh porter. The perpendicular height is every year incrrafcd. It is eleven thoufaiid fathoms abuvu the furface of tht fca; and the crater gradually converges towards the top. As they looked into it, when the wind • blew in the oppofite direftion, they faw the white '{loping fides of afhes, and > projecting tower, as it ■ were, ready to fall into the chafm. The mountain groaned under- their feet, and threw up threatening volumes of fmoke glowing with a tinge of fire, and, fometimes, almoft burfting into a flame. As they crept down, feme of the guides endeavoured to work on their minds, and to engage them to promife addi- tional rewards if they conduced them fafcly. Thefe guides deem themfelves fecure as they are guarded by charms, fome of them being marked with a crofs of St. Anthony, the patron of Jtaly, a guardian againft fire. The weather at Naples is fometimcs dreadfully oppreflive : at other times remarkably fine. F.vcry nobleman in Calabria has a wooden houfe to refort to in cafe of an alarm of an earthquake. One might ' fear alfo without great imputation of timidity, the cffefts of fubterrancan fires, a burl! of which, in 1538, dried a lake not far from Naples, and threw up, in one nighi, a mountain three miles in circum- ference and one hundred feet high. Mut thel'c arc rare calamities, and the vegetation is wonderful. Italy formerly produced eighty forts of wine, more than two thirds of which were the prodi'ftion of the foil: and our travellers had ^rcen peas in January. The palace at Cafcrta is liill, wiiat its name im- ports, a dreary houfe, in a flat country, in the plain I of ancient Capua. It contains views ofail the Italian ports, by Haci<.et, and fome fpacious rooms, Come of which are finiflied and furnilhed with fplcndid decorations. The flair-cafe, and chapel, and theatre, are very handfome. The gardens are ftifl" and dil- pofcd with childifli ornaments. The town, and houfe* of the nobility a». wretched. Having left Naples they arrived again at Rome February 1, and departed from thence February 15, driving through a flat defolate country, about four polls, oy Civita Caftellana, 10 Borgeito, where the appearance of population began to improve. I'hey croffed the Tiber at Pome Felice, and travelling over a more varied country pafled Uiricoli, fituated amidfl romantic fcenes, and liicnce mounted, by a doubtful afccnt, to Narni, which is eight or nine pods from Rome, and furrounded by tremendous cliffs and rocks, of which the moonlight Hid not I'lif- fer them fully todifcern the beauty. TlnMiiih it was late, they did not (lop to fee if it corrcfpondcd with its former character, for elegant accommodations, or to examine the birth-place of Tacitu«, or the reputed bridge of Auguftus, and the .F.olian hills of Cirfis in the neighbourhood, but fatiatcd with antiquities proceeded on to Terni. The next morning they walked through a beauti- ful and well wooded country, by a gradual afccnt, about four miles, to the Cafcata della Marniore, (o which there is a road which was cut through the rock ' to facilitate the paflagc of the emperor )<>('cph when • he vifitcd the cafcadc, fo well known and lo dcler ving of admiration. From Terni to Strettura they admired the hills richlv covered with evergreens and the valleys, which, in the time of Pliny, were mowed four times a year, and dill retain their rejjutation for fertility. Thefe beauties, however, gradually difnppeared as they approached Spolclo, and alcended the .Somma, one of the Ajjpcnincs, They flcpt at Spolcto, a town famous for having repulfcd the troops of Hannibal, flufhcd with their viftory at Tiiriifiinenp, from a gate which flill exifts, and is, bcfides, rendered worthy of aucntiun by a fine aqueduct. The next day they drove tliroii'^h a tliccifui olive county, by le Venc to Foligno, through the vale t/f Umbria, along which tlic Cliiumnus f'rei'lieiis th;: air. T!)c people dill bclitvc liiat the breed of while cattle, which pafliireoii the banks of this river, and I'prcad thcmfrlvt's, indeed, over ;ill Italy, derive tlu'ir whiiencCs from it.s waters. Ki>lir;no is a large well fituated town, famous in the records ol'moiiern 'hillory, for its confefclionary. On the iiight \»liirh • had preceded the day of their arrival, it expcticnccd a flight concuflion, an expiring throe t)f the carih- quake which produced fuch confiderable cHeds in Otlober lall, and which has To frequently coniinuiil its movements, (ince that time, that the obfcrvaiue of the carnival tlicre has been interdiflcd. The afccnt of aii liijih mountain, fcattercd over with poor villjges, brought our travellers to Serra- vallc. The country improved as they approathi/d Ponte le Travc, and its fccncry changed again toilic wildncfs of Savoy, as ihcy drew near to Valciinarj. They flcpt at I olcntino. The land of this neigh- bourhood is highly cap.ihle of benefiting by the in- duflryof its inhaliiiants, who, after having fuflicienily laboured on it, repair to the environs of Rome to cultivate the plains of Campania. 1'he town affordii a finall oin-ra-houle. The next day a ride through a pleafing country, fwclling into gcnilc declivities, led them, by .Vlaceraia and Sambucheito, to Lu- rciio. They were here permitted, as flrangers, id be prefent, in the evening, at a private thcitrc. 'I'hc public opera-houfe was i'u|iprelfcd about twelve years ago, upon the pope's obl'crviiig that it faced the church. The next day they had two flages through a popu- lous and proCperous country to .'Kncona. I'hey were pleafed with the improving neainefs of the town, which has flouriflied fince it was declared a free port by Clement XII. The mole, the port, the tiinm- plial arch of Trajan, the checrfulnel's of commerce, and the indicatir>ns of (uccefsful indufliy, render ilic town very intercfting. In the evening they were prefent at a malked ball, which, however, was not more enlivened by chara6ler than thofe arc in Kng- land. It commenced with a lottery, the eKcch of which, though ihey may intoxicate a few, muft pro- duce a general depredion of fpirils little iitvourablc to the fpirit of ihe entertainment. Their next day's route lay by Cafe Hrugiatc an:l Senigagtia, the laft of which is a large and fluuridi- ing town, and has a catl','..li>i embelliflicd by the prefent pope, of whofc munificent piety (here arc many proffsin Ii.ily. Pafling thence through a Hat country, bv Marotto niid Fano, they arrived in '.lie evening ami llcpt at Pcfaro, the anc'cnt town ol which va( {'wallowed up, a little before the battle v\ .\tlium, by an opening of the earth: it is now a dil- titiKuilhcd place of refort for Italian merchants. 'I'he next morning they renewed their joumcv, and drove over a dreary flat, by Catholiea, to Rimi ni, a handfome but irregular town, decorated wu!i the oniaiiient of a fine old arch. Pafling ilieii':i through Savignano they arrived at Cafena, a ilologiii in iniiiiaiurr, jull at the concluGon of a kiuriMiiu'iii, winch is anntially kept up there. Continuing their courfe afterwards through .'■' .11, they flcpt at Fuciiza, where, at the opera, they were regaled with the light of fcmile danccis. The fuccecdiiig day brought them by Imola and St. Nicliolo, 10 Uologna. Ilaviii'^ vifiied tliii city before, they flayed but one day -, and on the fcilloM- ing morning travelled by a very bad ruud Ki M- (>eorgio, and thence by a itill worfc to Cento, a linill neat town. The roiids ihc next day, for a pod and a half, to S'. George, and afterwards for the fame dill.ince, i" I''crr.ira, were fo cxecrabiv bad, that ihcy were obli- ged i> hav eight oxen to their chaifc, and eight hot- (es to that ol their friends, with whom ihcy had joined party, and notwiihllanding this, they wcri; dctdined fur nine houri in a deep clay and llilf mini, tbioii^h AVKLS. TRAVELS THROUGH GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, and ITALY. 83^ iliroii-;!! aclieciful olive giio, thrmisli llic viilc ot iitumniis frei'hciis tht; air. that the breed of white ; banks of this river, and over ;ill Italy, derive atcrs. F<>lir,"o 'sa larj;c in the rcionis of modern ry. On the night which eirartival, it cxpetienccd airing throe of the carih- :h confidcrablc ctfeifs in as fo frequently coniinmd time, that »he obfcrvanie ;eninterdifled. moiinta.n, ftattcrcd over ii our travellers to Scrra- oved as they approached encry changed again to the y drew near lo Valciinarj. •The land of this ncifth- le of benefiting bv the in- ho. after having fufficiently the environs of Rome 10 iinania. The town alFords e next day a ride throu(;h ng -nio gcnile dedivilies, and Sambuchclto, to l.o. permitted, as llraugers, u. ing, at a private ihc.itn-. *as fupprelk-d about iwi Ive ,e's oblerving that it faced i two flages through a popu- try to AiKona. They wcit king ncatnefs of the town, e it was declared a free port mole, the port, the tiimn- p checrfulnefs of coninieite, rcefsful iiiduary, render [he In the evening they were I, which, however, was not after than thofe arc m i.%- nih a lottery, the cflccis ol intoxicate a few, muft pro- .n of fpirits little liivourablc tainmcnt. c l»y hv Cafe Hrugiaie an:l •liich is 'a large and llouridi- th...;.-. emhellinicd by the munificent piety there ate ■alTing thence through a lUt ,d I-ano, ihcy arrived in 'lie cfaro, the ancient town oi a little before the battle ( I [)f the earth: it is now a dn for Italian merchants. hey renewed their joumcv, flat, by Catholica, to Rimi ■Pillar town, decorated »ii!i . 'old arch. PalTinR ihci.r. arrived at Cafena, a Holi'S"' conclunonofatournimicni, up there. Continuing their h ;•■ .11, thcylkpiairavM'. y wire regaled with the ligii rought them by Imola and _. Haviii", viGied this ciiy one day; and on the foUovi- by a vciy bad foad to .M- allill worfetoCcmo.alinall y, for a poll and a half, IDS'. Ij for the fame dilLmcf, i' blv bad, that they were obli- 1 their chaifc, and eight ho>- icnds, with whom they hart .■iihrtanding this, they wck' „ a deep clay and lliff mm , ibiou^h through which, the perfevering efforts of the poor animals could, with difficulty, drag the draining car- riages, before they could accomplifh the two polls and a half. Ferrara has the appearance of decay. It retains, as velliges of its former grandeur,- the palace of the princes of the houl'e of £(le, built in a bad llyle of architefturci an ancient cathedral, a (Irong citadel, and fpacious ft reels. Ariollo's monument is Ihewn at the Benediftine convent. Our iraveller.'s felt at Ferrara, very ferionfly, the ciTefts of a tranfition from the mild air of Naples to the feverity of a northern latitude, and rcgrclicd that they had occaflon to quit the fouthern pans of Italy {b early in the year. On leaving Ferrara, they proceeded four miles by land, to Ponte di Lago, where they embarked in a very commodious vcffel large enough to receive both their carriages, and floated down the (Ireain of the Po, which has here a noble breadtli. They dined, and flept on boaid in lomc tolerable beds that their courier made up; and next morning they en- tered the Taglio, and were towed along the canal by the fide of dreary Lagiine, (pread out half water and half mud. They left the carriages at Tudna, and entering the open Lagunc had a line view of Venice. They glided through rows of liandfoine p^ilaces lining each fide of the great canal, and were landed at Peirillo's door, near the Kialio, of whuh, the beautiful arch is blemiftied by the eRcd of lliups and houfes built upon it. The Venetians, to whom they had letters, treated ihem with much aii in fpite of which, however, and in fpite oF many a fearfvl precipice, they arrived, about midnight, at a good inn at Keita. ' At Rieita they underftood that the neareft road vould lead ihem through Bavaria, but a paflport could r^> be obtained without delay t they thc.cru^- continued their courfe over the plains of Suabia, diverfified with fine plantations of fir and parkifli fee- nery; and after a tedious lingering drive, arrived long after midnight, at Auglbourf^. , Aug(bourg has tbe fpacious ftreeta and bold clia- raQer of a town that once ilouriflied confiderably. Its buildings are of a better charaSer than thofe of conteipporary cities i and the fimpic front of the town- houCe |ias been very much and very julily admired. F I N . No remarkable t9^n UM«rvene(i iio detaip thorn beiSBppii^ gen, and Biockingen, five poAs to -Stutgard, the capital of tbe duke of Wirtemburg's dominiensi which are bounded by the Alps ««d liie Black Forel^ and contains about twenty thoufand inhabitants. I'hey left the town next day and purfocd their courfe over a tracklefs road, to ManbcUn, which i« but a few miles from Hefiddburg. Having vifited Bingcn, they proceeded by Latt«rfliall «o SioacriD, wh^re they flepc ' Early the next morning they reached Treves, flept that day at Grsevenmaker, and arrived the next day by dinner at Luxembourg: they then dfove by Suin- fort to Attort, whcrrthey ilept. The next day they were ihakan over very bad roads by Malmaifon to Flamifoul, and thence ibroagk ireary and almoft unpeopled wilds, on which, how- ever, much cattle is bred, by Grinlhcim to Marche, w iere they flepc, and the next day proceeded over Icirel unintcrefting plains to Namur, They arrived at Bruffels March •7, and (hence proceeded with ail fpeed to England. DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. ^(^ The IVork to be placed according to the Order of Publication, vis. The preceding Part, including the meft Important JHodem VOYAGES to various Parit-of the Globe, printed in a Set of' Alphabets, diAuiguifh«d by Star*i and the tatter Fan Containing otbv Voyages of Importance, and tbe moft fccint TRAVELS to differeat Pstia «f the Worldi, ptinted in a fe«aad Set of Ajpliab^tswidiuui Siars. I3-t) v^Mch piecedethe,Voyuetan()TraT *i ;& 2 Religiou'CeMaienieaiqCiiiBe*..''.'..^ ...^48 "■•9 .... t* One of the Focaaa in whi( •o.ftiWrt* Ww«o«i, -. , . . ..,7jfi Wkor aiaW^rtJe'WMli: T'. '. ' l^ oA giving a Child U» Niiine 775 ico Amida it woiihipped, abd tbe 13 AauSiooa MakWn 1^ tljet^p of the Sandwtebrlflandi boj S Htni Ak MU Mobiles iM]m Wirct to purg« ibein'fetrcs from i" Adatottv...............^ .......r...... N64 AdatNiy. ............ ..7 N64 bota-Mlla IM Vtams, and ihr Ueat^ God Cbiinvadi . . . 773 Tl» Hptieatpt — Afoisaq — ,l*|>}WfT-9Wf>*<» — Af'iw. ana Giteblamlcr.'..... *i8o ^7 Ceitmoniet of Pegp at Kingf Funerili 709 f» A Malabar— Tartar.^ MitHkeK-Jartnefe^MigMMder, and HangariSa i\... . .....7.11 t a Kiag of Fl9nd«co»»lji|ti«jg hi* MajicLj^....... ..-.,.. ,,777 M Cetonanr of ttnTOirn in Ciaida .: 1. J.... 1.... 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'.v^ U. ^° A nrmalc of AlUea and a K^niale ot' Marncco ...;.... ■( ai ^•is VSri«*a Cham of Iflandib &«. ia tbe Aiiaattc snA.nMfie ^ Ocaif.^ ,,•« ' 46 A Di^erflon of Swinging in India.. ••r*>r7>t :: 37 TUn and ifl.mi of?;t.iieW::. i.... ..^..^i./l^yi I 38 Poruaiu of a Man and Woman of Prince WiBlaM'i 8MM*»«a Jii^9 Tow«6fBolcb(rJ.4l«^....U7« «i Cban of Ib^ kfkndly Iflanda.Vj ..».«*> .». j^f.qb»o- -tafc*, No. 45 Enngement of the Cenlnrion and Acapntu^. 40 A WOlng Intcniew of two Molkila Men . . . , . , ■34J 47 Mononienia, 14* ^ New Whole Shtct Map of NnrtbAnfiks.-.^ -jT^ 49 Landing of Capt. Cook at MaUirnta,^. .,...-...,.... ..■><)< (O ViewaorSandwich-UIands ., ...*Sf i \ IVirinuii of a Mail and Woman of Cblttmu-Sonad c 14 ga A Maitiag* aamurft the Laplanders 6)1 33 PiDoiJlvni^f A« Flag^>t»«< Spill. Itfig, IW^e, ^.,Mi J4 Viewi of Sit Chailct SstmdvM Iflaod, Qfqabvrg't, Bafi»v(a\ Adi^ral Ke^xl't, and Wi^lllt'i Dlt^ ..:;o 5S Poftatca and Ocremoniea of ihr Tuilu fai FVayin' *i;4 $0 The Jubilee proclaimed at Rome ....f..... tgi £7 Fannsl Cercmon* of lb* Cyc^fan* ..,....,...,.,.., *i6o 4 J Vieiyt at iCamtfphatfca. - . , . ^ .630 $91 Portialia of a Man and Wo^n of New 2«atand. ..sa *o Tbe High PrIeA of tbe Gaiwei, and Heads of diffsrent Gauriaa Prkih ......^ 7>> 6i.A(^iMd<«h!eA«imai, anf ibft Vaii of M^^wtf^at *>8{n Ccn«ef&ti9 Chait o^Vaa OiemanVbindi . . MiBae|«n*ni«inMegaifaMl8tic!ghl» '..... ||4« . Chaitoi Van OiemanV bind i ,.>,<». „4<4»..,..S!h 7jO Bap^malCaKmoaicAVBaffia.. 71a 71 Map of ■ Nova Hihernia, kt. . . ■ , afe i « ti. ■♦ .^,. .,,..,... . i8j U A rilppafainNew ZMlaadu.'<,V.. •>'..•'•.••'.•.»;•. ^'OQ it ACIilifr,.te.orOtahaN •■■.«/.. .". •<« n A^kief«n4Woauin«fS*.CI«li|Kn» uji M The Opyenioi of B»«f lOa's Palaja in tl)e ,S^n4i«i< 79s 76 CaixaMMOte Aafoa attending Xing Geotn^ with an Account •' ofhitVnvage " ...^ 336 77 A PmbUt ofibulky.Baf : u ]^.Mapof BymVH*d>n>'>^SwaU9«t-Ba|i. tSi 70 Inide of a Houfc ia Ooiaalanika ,..,., ,,.,...,...£;i lb Map orTonMiabao-Harfaoiir ,... 4ftj li Laading oTC^. 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