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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmte en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole -^ signif ie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 A partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. arrata to pelure, >n A n 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ORTH Western Ontario (NOW KNOWN AS "TIIK lllSITTKl) TKHRITOBY. I r-n TSIE IDISTZeiCTS OF THUNDER BAY AND ALGOMA. A BRIEF DtSCRIPTlON, BY (>!. K. I'ATTl LLO, Together wi h thfl Opinions of Porainent Residents, Old Pioneers, Eminent Scie'itists, Tlxolorers, Special CorrHspondents, Travellers and others, up)nT,he Teriitory's Varied Resources Oereal, Mineral and Timber; and also of its Matchless Scenery. Piri>(trril and Piibl'ixhi'd In am lifiefiini nith tin' (htfario Goo'.riirnc.iU's Kcklhlf ot ' e'rals (tiiriof CANADIAN V 2, Wiferiirji lliisfitBk. ■ ■•>■' — pis of excel- Bek ; in the Id • perfect jisiTe rights Mted Stetes ^ws Budget jkrough any- . apply reaa- r. e WgBKtx natter than e amhitipn wiJX "Gf*^*"' *Bri"cemente aro, therefore, oreaented «5 become subscribers, v^wirlw f^,=i 2fc?"'**f"P***'" P'**^®'*^"*® ^M P««88 is $8.50 per annum-and BOod ^•inlSSy^'m'2dt'l,;STsr^.?S^^^^^^^^ '""°* '*^ »•"« -^^ y««. «^*^r vear^PRKRlIi*«..Wriwi^°il,lK^?'5'^ ^"'''*' "'V »>« snpplled the remainder of the cnrrent ^H^Iilx .11 8'«'»«rllje'» wno send in one year's suhscrfttlon-that is to say. *2.00 fcaah In advMce) wUI pay for the Frek Prbss from 'any time hereafter till JANITARY Ibt iSffi Bn^ pextio the e.xcellent value to be obtained in the paper itself for the orlce S th« greatest inducement of all to sniiscrlbe for the Fr«b Pke^ at this time is the fwtS thi £«HSfem'""^ '"'^**^ upon giving in Three Handsome CASH I»KIZBS orlaK MW 00 TxlSi^iit^'S!' ""^ "^'■^'' money ordinarily paid to SUCslJ^^ite • ^« Sriw Scheme is explained in a fewworda:—* ♦K» TSS. 5"P»«5 ?^»" snbscrlliers to the WRikLT Frib Pbbss, upon the subscription list on l^li®***"^ of January next, not in arrears, but paid in advance at that ff 3 X,^1m^ pannento wer» ft>r not less than a whole year, wUI be drown by lot u^niS ahSoratof? fSir ^A^A^^X^^^^^*^''^"^^^": I^pe^M-tely blowing theflrawln; the priS^be paid, and t*rfect 1 idget any. feao- i KtiT than M tion fl ■ood per ! 1 ■ent 1 in the the ).00 nt» on r' ast air ^4 to ^ be L'^ »er h» i» if North Western Ontario ( M)\V KXOWX AS '• THK l)ls«I'lTKI) TKKKITOKY." I THIE HDISTIKICTS OK THUNDER BAY AND ALGOMA. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION, BY G. K. PATTULLO, Together with the Opinions of Fromment Besidents, Old Pioneers, Eminent Scientists, Explorers, Special Correspondents, Travellers and others, uponihe Territory's Varied Besources. Oereal, Mineral and Timber; and also of its Matchless Scenery. Prepared and Piihlislied in coitnection ivltit the Ontario Government'^ Exldhlt of Cereals and Minerals at th(f pnncipal Eastern ExJdb'Uions of the Province. The Evening llEitALU Printing and PuhlLihiut,' Company. 1333. 1C754.1 NORTH-WESTERN ONTARIO. [T HE I) I S P IT T E D T E R R I T C) R Y]. CiEXKKAL FKATIKES. To say that the country lying hetween Port Savanne and Cross Lake — and in o-eneral outline this is very similar to the country lying to the North . of Lake Superior — was an earthly paradise, or a very promising agricultural region, would be a very grave error. It is not now, and never will b), tiie home of a large and prosperous agricul- tural po})ulation. On tin other hand, it is a great mistake to suj)pose that the Disj)uted Territory is destitute of good farm- ing land. From Rainy Lake to Lake of the Woods there is a broad belt of very fertile and lightly timbered land, that will furnish homes for a prosperoiis farming connnunity of no insignificant dimensions. What tht^ width of this belt of choice land is has not as yet been determined, but its length is not less than from 9(> to 100 miles. Formerly it was su])posed to have an average width of seven miles, but more recent and extenuntry con- sistsof low rocky ridges and narrow fertile valleys, following each other in rapitl succession, though tlu; prospect is often beautified by ])retty little lakelets many of which are fairly teeming with excellent tisli. Hay marshes are also abundant and towards the eastern portion of the territory muskegs of very consider- able acreage are numerous. In the older portions of tlu' Dominion che character and nature of those muskegs are not properly understood. If they weie found in old Canada, they would be called cranberi'y marshes. With suitable effbi'ts at drainage the greater pai't of these uniskegs could be made rich and productive tracts ; but until land shall have become much more difficult to obtain in Canada than it is now, it is not at all probable that much money will be expended in such ente?- prises. The timber in the Disputed Territory though not large is of a very fair «iuality and on account of its i)roxiniity to the great Prairie Market must always be valuable. The traveller in passing through this country by the railway is inclined to undei'-estimate it. Much of the timber along the line has been destroyed by the running of tires employed at first in clearing the right of way for the road. The game has been scared away by the large laboring population employed in the construction of the road, and altogether the country immediately adjacent to the railway presents a bleaker, drearier and more uninviting appearance than any other portion of the territory. One of the strong points of the Disputed Territory is Lake of the Woods. This is not nserely owing to the inunense value in the shape of economic and precious metals locked up t 6 in its many tlunisanfls of wood-crowned and rock girdlod islets, and not alone tlie valiK' of tlie many s(|uare miles of nns<*athed timber to l>e found on its islands and shores; it is not alone its value as a water way ami outlet for the llainv Lake and Rainy River Distriet, and it is not alone that it is one of the most (iharminfr reiL,nons in which to take a sunnner holiday to h^J founl(»)ers, sj»ecial coriespondeiits, tiavellers and others, with referenc*; tct the ca|)al)ilities, aj^nicu tuial, stock, timhei- and mineral, as also of tlui matchless juxl |>ictures(jue scoiery of North-VV'estern On- tario and the adjoining Districts of Thunder Bay and Algonui. Referring to the Agricultural capabilities of Algoma — John M. Hamilton, p]s(| , Crown Attorney at Sault Ste- jVlarie, a most comj»etent and impartial critic, writes: " After a i*esiden*^e ()f upwards of twenty yeais in Algonm Kaft, 1 can confidently say, that wheat and other grains aie as easily gr(>wn and lipened in many ])arts of the 1 district as in the ohh'r and better settled portions of Ontario. " Hay is a most abundant and unfailing cio)). and is now selling in this neighborhood for less than eight dollars per ton. " The riveis and lakes afford a certain and easy livelihood to those fishermen who live on their banks and shores. " At this date of writing (August 'M)th, 18.S.S) we are hav- ing splendid harvest weather, with a high barometer and theimometer, " Oats, ])otatoes and all kinds of roots grow in all parts of this district most luxuriantly." W. H. Oapnev, Esq., Slieriff of the District of Algoma, who may be said to have travelled over every foot of the Dis- tri>'3t, and who has taken an active ])art in the jtromotioii of its agricultural and other resources, writes : " Having had opportunities of visiting the Liain land. North Shore, and the principal islands in the eastern ])art of Algoma Distiict during the ])resent season, and being con- nected with the District Agiicultural Scciety, since organiza- tion in the year 18G8, 1 noted with interest the great improve- ments mule in agriculture in the district along the route of my travels. 1 never saw a better promise of an abundant yield. There ait' sonic exceptions, owin^ t(» the wot spriii;;'. ('s|K'cially in the low hinds and in the licavicr .soil, tor want of |>i(»|n r •lraina;:;o. Tht; hay, clover and timothy ei(>|»s are extia heavy and have heen ;;eneially well harvested. Fall wheat is niair- nitieent and housed in .splendid condition. Spring' wheat e([ually goinl ul is now hein;;- iant crop, which in onie cases is iiein;j; haivested. VtiAH are also heing harvested, ci,u[ the yield is splendid, with- out a hieniish ; no j»ea hug has made its appearance in the district. Barley, rye, huckwheat and tlax are eipnilly good. Hops growing luxuriantly and heavy laden. The Indian corn is not as ixovl this season as in former vears. This is owinjjf to tile wet spring ; generally it has been a good crop. Hoot crops cannot be suq)ass(Hi. In fact this district is hard to be; equalled both in yield and quality. (Jarden vt^getables are in unusual abundance and (^f the lu-st (puility. 1 notice the potato bug has made its appearance gener-c'y throughout the district. 1 obtained apples growing in sevenil localities, principally on the islands. Strawberries, rasi ')erri(«s and n"ooseberries culti- vated and wild in abundance. Currants iii all their varieties jxcellent. " Having resided hi the l)isliie;< nearly twenty years, and from observations more or less diirin<>: that time, I can unhesi- tatingly assert that the District of Algoma is well adapted for agricultural pursuits. Having abundance of gcol water, and being well timbered, the grazing is of the best quality. The District is troubled very seldom with frosts which injure croj>s no frost being in the ground on the opening of spring, seed can be sown early in April, and where fall pk)ughing has been done the ground is ready for the seed as soon as the snow leaves the ground. Grass springs up immediately, and cattle can be turned loose to graze for themselves." Lorenzo Londry, a well-known farmer, near Sault Ste. Marie, says : " I have lived in Algoma for some eight years ; 1 formerly lived in the county of Grey ; I find the whiter healthier here than in Ontario, for the s»mple reason that the weather is not so changeable, and is dry under foot. This country is well adapted for grain growing ; we have tine cro[)s this season. I have just arrived hoiiie from a trip in Eastern Ontario, and I can safely say that the crops there are not so good as ours genen ly. The world cannot beat our peas ; conseiiueiitly we can raise any amount of i)ork ; also stock of all kinds and dairy pro- ducts ; for we can grow any amount of hay and the pasture is always green — never dried up and parched with the sun as 8 below. We also get refreshing showers of rain more frequently than below. As far as vegetables are concerned, 1 never «aw better. We do not have to feed our stock here any longer than below ; as soon .\s the snow leaves there is plenty of feed for cattle, as vegetation starts before all the snow is gone, and the lields continue green till the snow falls about the first of De- ceuiber, and winter sets in. We have plenty of hard wood for fuel, cedar for fencing and pine for building purposes; and beautiful streams which afford plenty of good water for man and for beast. Doctors make out very poorl}' here as the people are very healthy. Any man can do well here if he chooses to work ; 1 never was in any country where there was more money for less work. For a new country we have good schools and churches of neaiiy every denomination, — every- thing to make one comfortable and happy." J. Bampton, Esc^., Registrar at Sauk Ste. Marie, Chas, writes : " I have been a resident of Sault Ste. Marie, in the central portion of the District of Algoma, since 1860. During that ])eriod I have travelled on foot, or by canoe on the lakes, over the greater part of the neighborhood, that is to say the tract lying between Batchawaning Baj'^ on Lake Superior and the River Thessalon on Huron. I have been Assessor of the Municipality of Sault Ste, Marie, Secretary of the Algoma Electoral Division Society ; have had an extended experience as an Appraiser, both of town and country property ; I now occupy the position of Registrar of Deeds for Algoma, " With reference to agriculture, I would sa}' that I do not l)elieve that from its broken and rocky formation this will ever become, in the full acceptation of the term, a first-class or even second class farming district. The whole surface of the country is traversed by ranges of Laurentian and Huronian locks. The valleys lying between these ranges are no doubt fertile^ and capable of supporting thousands of families, and all those who have alrehly settled here are prosperous. All the coarser grains thrive well, viz : oats, peas, beans, etc., — wheat I do not consider a good crop generally. As a grass producing country this tract cannot be surpassed. Hay is a sure and generally a heavy crop. Potatoes, carrots, mangold wrutzel, turnips and all root crops are produced in abundance and of superior qual- ity. All the smaller garden fruits do well, such as strawberries, currants and gooseberries ; some apples have been produced here (from seedling trees generally), but have not proved a success. My own oi)inion is that apples, pears and plums are not to be produced here in remunei'ative quantities. 9 "The cliiiuito hole is clelii;httu] fliiriuLi the suimiiei iiiul autiuiin, the winters an; rifjoruus, Ihe thcnnojnoter falliiiir tooO or *J')° below O falirenlieit, hut this extreme ran,!j,e .s«3i(h)iii endures more tliau tliiee days in suecession, wlien the temperature again rises to its normal state of I'l to 8 (letrrees below in tlie iiii;ht, and risiny; often al)ove the freezing i»oint (hning tlu' day. I ooiisiersoii of ordinaiy robust fiame and constitution the climatr of this region is most agreeable ; I prefer it to tiie climate of the Lake Erie and J^ake St. Clair counties. " The streams, riveis. iidand small lakes, and all the wa- ters abound with fish of (^\cellent tjuality and great variety. The waters of Suj)ei"ior and Huron afibnl at their fisheries em- ployment to hundreds of p(!0|»le, and the fish foini an articrle of tra,de in which large amounts of i.'a[)ital are invested, yield- ing renuinerative |)rofits. "The forests have cariboo, i.e. American rein-deer, soii'e \•^'^[-i[ecv (ccrvus viirjiheii-sis),iini\ all the fur-])i()ducing anim- als furnish eni|)loyment to the; trajtper or anui.sement to the spoitsman. Among the feathered game are to be found wat«'r- fowl of almost every s[»ecies, [tartridge or rutHed grouse f'/^/iCo raniiilitis) in myriatls, also the spruce partridge [tclieao ctnuul- iiinis), the willow grouse (felicco SiUivila — white in winter), also the Alpine hen ; all the lattei very abundant. " 1 like Algoma as a residence for its health fid ness, its beautiful scenery, its ([uiet, peaceful and law-abiding inhabi- tants. Altotj'ther Sault Ste Maiie and its vicinit\' is one of the most enjoyable .•^ummei' resorts on the lakes. " In conclusion 1 would say I have not seen any poor .^tf- //cr who came here and took up land, who does not acknow- ledge that he has im[)roved his circumstances and increased his means." JUDtiE W.Vl/riOll McCJUKA, of Satdt Ste. Mari(^ whose thorough knowledge of the Algoma District has been gathered from years of travel antl careful [)ersomil observation, writes as follows ; "I have resided at Sault Ste. Marie, in the District of Al- goma, now nearly thirteen years and have ai)retty good know- ledge of the resources of the Eastern pait. From (loulais Bay on Lake Superior, as far as the country is settled eastwaid to near Mississauga River on Lake Huron (»n the main shore, the land, although somewhat brokeif, pioduces almost all the crops which arc usually grown in the older settled ))ortions of Ont- ario, with the exception notably of Indian corn. Owing to the continuous lying snows of the winter the fall wheat is never ;i* II I 1!^ 10 wiutoi-killed, ami 1 liavo sucn us iiiic «[>uciiuuns yiowu lierc as anywhere in the Province. Spring wlieat, barley, cats, ami |>ea8 are Honiewiiat late in ri[)ening, but are usually fairly abundant crops. The pea crop is noted for its line sample, and is free from the weevil. Root crops are excellent. " Hay is generally good and the country fairly ales have been produced in favorite localities, other Large fruits are not autempted to be grown. Generally, with regard to the agiicultural capabilities of the part of which 1 have spoken, I think it may fairly compare with the valley ot the Ottawa from the ( 'hats upwards. " There arc large tracts of good pine in this region and lumbering is carried on to a very considerable extent. Cop[)er, iron, and argentiferous galena have been discovered in various places, but with the exce[)tion of Bruce Mines, where large quantities of copj)er have been extracted, its mining resources may be said to be undeveloped. It is hoped and reasonably believed that the crogress of thv country which it has not before felt. " With regard to the western |)ortion of the distiict, 1 liave but little personal knowledge, but in a general way, be- sides being on the highway to our Great North- West, 1 am led to believe that its chief national resources will be its lumber- ing and mining capabilities." Mr. K. Bi(i(JlNs, Editor and Publisher of the Algonia Pioneer, writes thus of Eastern Algonia, including the islands adjacent to the Canadian shore : " For upwards of a (piarter of a century the name "Algonia District ' has been a synonym for over one half of the Province of Ontario, and which has remained to a very great extent a Ncritable tenu incojnibi. Until about tifteeii years ago this extensive territory, embracing over fiOO miles of coast line, if spoken of at all, was termed ' a Ood-forsaken country.' The Hon. John Sandtield Macdonald thought it such a worthless herritage that he seriously conteni[)lated taking away our *temi)orary judicial' organization and withdrawing all Gov- ernment aid ; and not until the year lcS7C, under Mr. Mowat's Administration, were any active steps taken by the Provincial 1 J 11 fairly ', and ted to noitli iaiiiu, have odijc- .1 aJ- ities, •ally, liicli il ley Govornnient to develope this important part of Ontario. Bnt in the meantime, the pioneer work of settlement had heen go- ing on and ' s(juatters ' ]iavernment building; now occupied by the Ontario Bank, a small store occupied by Marks Br<>s.,an go through to Fort Oai-ry to quell the Riel rebellion. I cleared away a plot on which the (^ol.cotdd erect his tents, and my at- tention was tirst direijted to the fertility of the soil by obsei'v- ing how abundantly the hay afterwards sprang up on the s]>ot where the trooj),s had encamped. In the followirig year, 1.S7I, 1 i)lantei)s, including fall wheat, have dime well, and they have never suffered from fio.st. The climate in the dis- tri(!t, although severe, is steady, and I have not felt the cold any more than in Ea.^terii Ontario. Winds have been .some- what more freequent during the ])ast two yeais than foi-merly. A great advantag*^ to the farmers in the district is the high ])rice they obtain for their products. 1 have never sold pot- atoes for le.ss than a dollar per l»ushel, and last year's erop was sold for a dollar and a half. 'i'urnl]»s 40 cents per bush- el. Beets .S2.()() per bl»l. drain, which is used for local ])ur- pos(ss, brings (piite the average ])i-ice to be obtained elsewhere. P(^as grow s|)e(;ially well and there are no worms. There are no |>otato bugs either. The soil at the Mattawin is a heavy clay ; it requires to be broken in the fall and thus ])ulverized by the frost. Jt is also improved by manure, and although heavy to work, is extremely duraltle. In a word 1 consider this district well suited for })oor but industrious mc^n, who have had exper- ience in farujing, and in proof of this I give you the ca.se of a neighboi- of mv own, Mattlu^w Hawkins, who, without any uieans whatcNer, took up a lot at the* land office here (the total cost being J5l, in addition to the neces.sai'y settlement duties foi- five years, after whi(!h the property becomes hi.s) and who now estin ites his croj) and improvements at .t>4()(). The chiel" difficulty that settlers have to contend against the first yeai- is the .scarcity j.nd high price of hay and oats. This prevents them fi'om being able to keep teams of their own, an to hiie tliem." Ml{. Scott UtiMIMIHKV, Reeve of the Township of Olive]', says : "T settley thr avy to listriot oxpoiv io of a t any e total diitios il Avlio ' oliiof ' year 'vonts is too ►livor, •sor\-. !• and oafs and ])eas<, and all kinds of roots and vegetables can be grown hore just as well as in the older sootions of Ontaiio. The soil is a rich o/ftv loam, just such as would be called i^ood wdieat land in the Kast. A part of the townshi]) has sutfored from tires which have destroyed the soil somewhat. This re(|uiros manuring, but the virgin soil is as good as can bo found any- where. There is onough timber for farm uso. and the climate is, J consi feet wide, and only one wall found as vet; a ofieat (Uiantity of ore is in sii>ht. " Stauding first among the richest discoveries of precious metals is tho Jack Fish (lold and Silver Mine. ft is operated by tho Huronian Mining (*om]iany who work it, not as a speculation, but as a rich paying industry. The working vein is 8 feet wide, and consists of free gold, or what is known as Sylvanite ore. the richest ore known to minors: '!^V.) is the lowest assay to the ton, and $a,!)7l the highest. " In LS7I, free gold was discovertvl at tho height of land, but owing to tho iin])ossibility of getting in machinery or away ([uartz, it was not worked. The Diorito Dyke from Silver Islet to McKellar's Point on the main shore extends for 30 miles and all veins crossinof it are rich in silver. MoKellar's Point is being operated by a companv with a ca])ital of $1,(M)(MH)<>. Pie Island is stocked for s:),()()0,0(M). 14 ' 1 " Native copper is found in large quantities, and is worked T»y an Englisli company. The copper is similar to that found on the south shore of Lake Superior and is aheacly increasing the wealth of the o]»erators. " Iron is f»)und in endless quantities 42 miles from Port Arthur, and as coal can be laid down at this port for i^3.2(i ])er ton, »t will not be long until all the iron and castings used in the North- West will be manufactured in this district. " Zinc, massive iron ])yrites, suitable for sulphuric acids, are found in great (piantities ; also baryta or heavy spar for jiaint, pluuibago, soapstone, and a superior quality of old red sand- stone, owned ]>y the Neepigon Sandstone Company. " The pro]>t rty of this com])any is a very valuable one and contains an almost inexhaustable (piantity of fine old red sandstone. The islany half a mile in width ; when one sees the immense mountain of browTi free-stone it .strikes the beholder with a.stonishment, for right there in plain sight is enough beautiful stone of the very best ([uality, to build up one of the laigest cities in the world, and indeed this wonderful ([uarry nuist be seen to be fully ap])reciated. The rock face is from (io to 100 feet high in jdaces, and there is the furthei- advantage that it does not )-equire any strijiping. Large amounts of the same have already been shipped to C*hicago foi- substantial building pur- poses and oinamcntation. Ft is bclievt'd that this Neepigon stcme can be ih^livered in T(»vonto or any of the lake cities at a nuich lowei' price than the New England stone, and neai'ly, if not (piite as cheaply as the Ohio sandstone, while in lasting (pialities as a building mateiial, it is far su))erior to both these stones." J THE MIXEHAL HKSOITUES OF LAKE OF THE WOODS 1)1ST1M('T. Mr. David K. Brown, who has .s])ent much time in making careful exj)lorations and ^^'hose com]K!tency to form an jiccuj'ato judgment is \mdoid>ted, wi"it«^s as follows of the gold- fields of Lake of the Woods : " ' Far off pastures look green ' is a proverb wlii^li requires litth! adaptation to make it sufticient to accoiint for the com- parative neglect in which the Lake v)f the Woods'' gold-field has lain since its di.scoverv. The men who niade the first surveys hay intain of nient, for tlio very le worlil, be fnlly liigli in does not ne have ino- j>iii-- Vee|>iu;on cities at 1 nearly, n lastinj" til these F 11 IK time in form an hi> oold- re(|nires he eoni- old-tiehl he h'rst ledi^e of foits at is yet nloration of some of the better ' pritspects ' and it can be truthfully said that in no one instance has the result in any way impaired the contidcnce felt by the practical men at the helm of the various undertakinjjfs. By the erection of temporary machiiK-ry three of the incorporated companies have satisfactorily demonstrated that the auriferous and ar^'en- tiferous (juartz of this regit a carries the metals in paying tjuantities. The veins are all true fissures and sinking has demonstrated that increased depth gives increased lichness with an increased body of ore. Some of" these fissure veins cut the formation and others lie with it. Some of the veins are contact veins, and it would be difficult at the present stage of development to say whether the vein traversing a body of diorite, or the contact vein is the richer. The milling of (piart/ in this district has demonstrated that all of the ova is more (tr less base and cannot be heated to advantage by the free milling process. While there is often a large percentage of free gohl in the rock, the major portion of the nobler metals is cairied in the form of sulphurets of iron, coi)])er, etc. For the treatment of iron sulphurets roasting furnaces will be reipiired. the oxi«li- /ation of the iron freeing the gold. Roasting will also be the more profitable method of making the commoner t[ualities of copper sulphurets. But in this district there arc copper sul- jfhurets carrying over twenty per cent of this metal, for the treatment of which the water-jacket furnace may be jiiofitably brought into retpiisition. In one of the mines the ore carries such a large |>ercentage of galena and zinc that the most \no- litable method of working will likely be found to l)e smelting, supplemented by the German /incing piocess. The baseness of the ore at once destroys all chance of an ine.X-iteiisive trciit- ment such as that employed mainly in the Black Kills ; but the richness and body of the ore hold out satisfactory indu- cements for the erection of reduction works. In no new mining camp have more tein))ting surface showings eve invited the investment of capital. The following extract i'nnn a letter of Professor Chai)man, Canada's distinguished minei-a- logist, is no more remarkable than many others that might be given from men of lesser note, but thoroughly reliable : " 'Sample No. S contains per ton of 2oOO lbs. no less than '2^ oz. 10 dwts. of pure gold in addition to a little silver: This corresponds in value to $iy{H\ per ton of ore. There was lujt the slightest sign of visible gold in the broken up fragments of the sample, so that this large result did not come from the accie the industry is lying idle in the coffers of Ainerican mining magnates, wlio profess reluctance to endmrk in the work of development owing to the absence of i)atents for the lands. 1 have received assuran'' feet along th<' lead, with a width of (j()(> feet, and includnig all dips, spurs and angles, those explorers who have already made entry for nmch larger tracts would cheerfully consent to the reduction, wei'e the excess in cost of survey of the larger tract allowed to form ]>art payment of the smaller allotment. The material interests of all concerned would also be promoted by the im})osition of a stated amount of developjnent to be accomplished within a certain period of the allotment, and the performance of this work to be antecedent to the issuance of a patent. In the Lake of the Woods we have a great heritage and it will be more than a ])ity if the money invested should be rendered ])ractically waste from reasons whicli are within the control of those who are placed in authority over us." ■ ,..—. 'j-JStifc M '! JmiKy.i.. ' JU i| ^ lil 4U ^iJLm. '^^^'^'srtsiSi I as ' Intor- aiig a low tciiii»()raiy Illation ill )(ls t«)-day it is only Lai"»'s to inv(!st session in Order-in- jstly urge vil to be ble. TIm- acilitated atle, most e map, or :nown to with the s, errs on amendefl along th<.' )urs and or much on, wei'e to form interests ition of within a of tiiis In the will be endered )ntrol of 17 THE IMCTIIIKSQIF. SCKXKIIV OF LAKE OF THE WOODS, IIAIXV EAKE AND HAINY ItrVEK. Mr. \V. H. VVlLF-iAMS, so widely and favt)rably known as the clever and brilliant descriptive correspondent of the Tor- onto Globfi in the North-West, writes thus of the matchless scenery of the Lake of the Woods : " This morning I took passage on board the steamer CoucldchiiKj for the purpo.se of visiting the Rainy River conn try and Fort Frances, as well as for the [>ur[)ose of seeing something more of the charming scenery of Lake of the Woods. In former letters I have had t)ccasion to refer to the beautiful scenery of thii-: great North-Western archipelago, but volumes would fail to convey to the readei- an idea of its bewildering beauties. " The afternoon has been sunny and warm, with here and there a fleecy cloud islet floating in a June sky of the deepest and brightest blue. There has been just wind enough to raise a shining golden ripple on the broad sunlit traver.ses that occa- sionally open out between the clustering groups of smaller islands, while the narrow shadowed inlets between towering walls of spruce-crowned rocks have slept daik, glassy, and tranquil. One could never weary of such lovely, ever-changing scenery. Now the sides of the steamer are almost brushing the fantastically- colon red mosses that clothe steep, rocky walls on either side, while the hoarse snorting of her exhaust wakes a score of echoes above and all around her and the next moment she is ploughing a broad sunlit field of rippling, burnished gold. Now she is threading her winding path between yellow moss-covered islets of solid rock, and now she is slovvly creeping in and out among jagged reefs whose black slimy jaws just peer above tiie shining waters as though they belonged to huge sub-marine monsters that were waiting to seize and drag her away down to their horrid lairs in the gloomy caves below. Long after the setting sun had set in such a flood of orange and purple as is onl}^ seen in these northern latitudes, and cast a dainty net-work of light and shadow upon the dancing waters away to the westward, but while still a soft glow of lemon gold lit up the Noi-th -Western horizon, the steamer " slowed down," and finally stopped, and then the sharp rattling of " running chains " told that she had come to anchor in the shelter of an island about two miles from the edge of the " Big Traverse." Though it is after ten o'clock meridian time the sunlight has not ([nite faded from the north and west, while the young moon lights up a silver 18 I' skiiiiirK^iing path away to tin; soutliward, vvlioncc (ionics a cord bice/e tVcsli tVum the l»roale to leam something by personal observation concerning the country through whieli the rivei' runs, and from wliat I have seen I nmst in candour ad- mit that for settlers of moderate or small means I do not know of a spot in the J)ominion offering a more inviting tield foi- innnigration. Here there are no prairies, it is true, and every foot of land that the settler cultivates nnist first be cleared. On the other hand, however, the soil is of practically inexhaust- il>le fertility while every tree on the settler's claim is of more or less innnediate value to him. Here he has material for buildings, fencing, and fuel ready to his hand, and yet th^ labor (jf clear- ing off this light timber is (;omparatively trifling. There are few, if any large stumps to remove, and scarcely a log to bt; seen that two men could not handle with comparative ease. The lumbermen enjiatced in these districts briiiii- a market for all the farm ])roduce he can raise right to his own dooi'. In fact all the farmer has to do to sell his produce is to step into his l)irch canoe, paddle out and hail almost any [)assing tug and sell for cash every dollar's worth of produce he has to spare. But should the rajud influx and increasing j)ros})erity of settlers so increase the suj)i)ly of farm j)ro(Juce as to make it outrun the demand, the Rainy River farmer has cheap and un- broken water comnuuiication witli Rat Portage, during the whole season of navigation, where he can put liis produce on board the C P. R. for the markets of tho world. That he will ever have occasion to do this, however, is extremely doubtful. There is very little farming country near Rat Portage, and it will take far more than the farm su[>- plies of Rainy River to meet the wants of the very large min- ing, lumbering and mamifacturing population that is sure to pour in there within the next few years. " The fertility of the soil in this region is wonderful, a fact amply proven by the fact that the Hudson Bay Company has raised excellent ciops off land that has been under crop stead- ily for over forty years without receiving a single pound of manure. Indeed the settlers now farndng along the Canadian shore of the river laise magnificent crops every year. The winters are severe, but the locations are so shelt- 19 ored and fuel is so plontiful that settlors sliould liave no difticiilty ill kee])ing warm all wintor. Tlu' suiiiincrs, tlioiiglt not long, have always proved sufficiently long for tlie thorough ripening of all sorts of crops and garden produce, the growth of which is greatly proniotevB. At present, of coiuse, that great harrier to the prosperity of this region, tlie unsettled boiindary (picstion, operates hane- fully here as in all other poitions of the moderately sine of theii' titles, even if they have to swear allei;iance to a foreii;n power to secure tlK'ni." opixiox OF A MissioxAiJV WHO HAS iJKsini:i) TWENTY VKAIJS IX THK DISTII ICT OF AI.(;OMA. Rev. HicHARl) Panter, Missionary of the Si>ciety of .Icsus, and a most careful observer, writes: — " My experience from LSiiri on the borders of Lake Hur(m> North Shore and Sault Ste. Marie River : I am aware that on St. Joseph's Island which divides the North Shore from the South Shoie channels, that thei-e are many portions of fertile land and some rocky, yet all good for pasture. In the neigh- liorhood of the Bruce Mines and Thessalon, as well as Mississaga River, there are fertile lands. Around Sault Ste. Marie wheat lipened. Fine vegetables were raised at the Catholic Mission, (»arden River. There is much good land for farminor from Sault Ste. Marie to the Bruce Mines, on a forty mile road. " 1872. — My e.K[)eriej»ce from bST'i at TInuKler Bay neigh- borhood, c^'c : I saw Mr. John Aikins cultivating meiiu and ve«j('tables with success ou the holders of the Matewan River, where the Dawson Roattle, S.1- sait ters. TlIK INHETTLKI) llOrXDAirV m:TAIM)IN(i DKVKLOPMKNT OF MINKIJAI. HESOIKCKS. Mr. E. M. RiDEorT, of Rat I'oitage, writing of a mining enterprise in wliicii lie is interested tliere, says: " An early settlement ot tlw- boundary question, which is such an important factor in retarding mining interests in Lake of Woods District, would solve the question of opening this and many other valuable propi'rties." K M I N KIS T T KST I M< )X V. Sir GK(>R(iE Simpson, who, some years ago, made an over- land journey of the Rainy River district, speaks thus of its pro(\miing capabilities : "The river duiing the day's march, passed through forests of elm, oak, pine, birch, &;c., beiui* stjjdded with isles not less lovely ami fertile than its banks, an or 80 miles from Rainy Lake to Lake of the Woods. In this tract where it borders on the river there is not an acre unsusceptible of cultivation. At intervals there are old park-like Indian clearino;s, partly overspread with oak and elm, which althout^h they have sprung up naturally, have the apj)earance of oiTia- niental plantations. The whole district is covered witli forests, and Canadian settlers would find themselves in a country similar in many respects t* the land of their nativity. Noi" does the rOimate differ essentially from that of the most favoured ])arts of Ontario or Quebec. Wheat was successfully grown for many years at Fort Frances, both by the old North-West Oompany and their successors, the Hudson Bay ( V)mpanv. The Indians still cultivate maize on little farms on Rainy l^akc and Lake of the Woods. In many ]ilaccs the wild giape grows in •i.Ktraordinary profusion, yitslding fniit vvhich comes to per- fection in the fall. Wild rice, which re(piires a high suminer txniiperature, is abundant, and indeed the flora, taken generally, indicates a climate in every way well ailapted to the growth of cereals. " The Lake of the Woods receives the dj'ainage of an area wliich may be ap]noximately estimated at 33,()(M) .s(piare miles. In this vast district there are, of course, considerable varieties of climate, soil, and natinal productions; but I desiie expressly to draw attention to the fact that it reaches nearly to the northern and north-western limits of the growth of pine wood of the class known in Ontario ami Quebec as red and white pine — that is, in the region eastward of the great ])rairies. Within this district, on the streams tributary to Rainy Lake, there are in manv pkces extensive ijroves of both red and white pine, of a size and (piality well adajited to all the |)ui-- poses for which such timber is usually applied. On the alluvial belt of Rainy River white |>ine of a large size is to be .seen, inters])ers('!d with other deserij)tions of forest ti'ees, and on the islands of the Lake of the Woods and main land to the north and east there are occasionally piiu^ groves of moderate extent; but on ]>roceeding to the north, by way of the Winni- l)eg, it gradually l)ecomes more rare until, on ic.i hing Lake Winni])eg, it finally disappears." iL 23 [long tlie |8() miles htible of Indian ilthoncrh of oiTia- fi foi-ests, ■similar loes the ^''1 }>ai'ts J'vvn for I'tli-Wost onipany. [ny Lake ('<' glows to por- Mjinmei- 'neially, ,i^>"owth an area ve miles, vaiieties xpressly to the le wood 1 white •I'airies. ' liake, :'(1 and Hi pur- )u the s to he 's, and to the • lerat*' Viinii- Lako VKHBAL AN J) orilKi; TK.STIMOXV TO TIIK SAMK KFFIXrr. V erbal and written testimony of a similar nature to the above has reached me from many sources, but tiie limits ol' tiiiN sketch do not permit its presentation. Judge Lyon ami the Rev. Mr. Halstead, Rat Portage ; Hugli Sutiierlaiid, M. v., Winnipeg; Sheriff Clarke, Thundej Bay ; W.H.Simpson, Sault St. Marie; R. A. Lyon, ALP. P., Manitoulin, and other well known residents, all unite in deseribing the whole of the vast region from Spanish River to the Northwest Angle to i)e, from all standpoints, " nnich better than it looks." Reference niijj:ht also be brietlv made t(» the admirable hx-ation and excellent )>rospects of several rising towns in the territory, notably Sault St. Marie, picturesqi'ely situated upon the coimecting link between Lakes Hui'on and Su[)erior, and destinetl to be an im])ortant railway j)oint ; Port Arthur, with its really grand location on Thunder Bay, and lapidly rising to be the most importaut of Western Canadian shij)ping ports, besides Iteiig also a chief railway centre ; and Rat Portage beautiTully situated on the Lake of the Woods and designeil by nature for a pretty and p(»i)ular suunner resort. Nor should the value of Northwestern Ontario as a })leasant place of lesort for sunnuer tourists be lightly estimated. The slK)res and islands of CI? •/ Ijakes Huron and Superior, and the lUgged, r(»ck-bound and tree-girdled jtoints and islands of Lake <»f the Woods, Rainy Lake and Rainy River; not less than the countless Lakeh^ts, Ri^'ers and Falls, which meet the eye contiiuiously from Thriulei' Bay to the Westiirn Boundary o( Ontario, afford to Canadians a variety of pictui'- es(pie scenery, and facilities for fishing, boating and hunting e(jual to any that c^an be enjoyed within easy reach on this c(»ntinent. With well-ee had in a tour of the St. Lawi-ence or the Lakes of Muskoka. But the one great drawback, the present chief barrier to (\ 24 a speedy development and early settlement of this vast terri- tory, is the unsettled boundary question. Until that has been finally disposed of, its gold and silver mines, so attractive foi" investment, will lie dormant; capitalists will continue to shun the timber resources of the territory ; and the sturdy settler, whj), rather than betake himself to the boundless prairie, would prefer to hew out for himself a home where the gun, the rod and the canoe may relieve the monotony of his agricul- tural pursuits, will refuse to risk the fruits of his honest toil in a " no man's land," where the title to his heritage is a sub- ject of doubt and controversy. That so serious, vexatious, and deplorable a barrier to Provincial progress and inter- Provincial amity between two members of Confederation, may be peacefully and speedily removed, must be the sincere desire and earnest prayer of all patriotic Canadians. G. ft. PATTULLO, Ontario Commissioner. Rat Portage, Ontario, Sept- 12, 1883. 1st teiri- has been ctive for to .shun ' settler, prairie, gun, tlie agricul- nest toil s a sub- rrier to 1 een two Hi speedily ^er of all % 11 oner. J /js. ipiiii (1 Jil on JEIZTELERS -AND- ENGRAVERS SOrni VVATKK8T., POKT ARTMUH. •ALWAYS ON HANDfe JEWELRY AND PLATED-WAHE. I«l \V\ m r>^ M4 Ol*' WINNIPEG. MAN. The Lari^Bst and Finest Je^A/^elry Establish- raent in the Canadian NurthAAAesti ' xvx H j. iZow Hrtbur o o b (X »? f I oc:^y iSitoccticy^ LIQUORS, ETC, .> ,^'^ j\.lW,'.!W 'lie' a JMy^mM^ Cor. Arthur ami (Juinl)erlaiitl St*., Port Arthur. ) \ < L ± 1 ^w/ ■> V 'l^ 1^^ tlbc XcaMno ^ouritnr^' an^ 6om^ mcrcial 1bouc>t\ u OHN SINCLAIR, PROP, ) "FeiM:^'!' mH'yfVJCW^, DWl', u _J 1 ARTHUR STREET. (PORT ylB/rilTJll. C.^ \3Mt GROCERIES, PROVISIONS i_.iqtjo:ks, Crochcr^, Glassware, etc. A FULL STOCK ALWAYS D.N HAIMD ,, -w/ •Wi!a»!.*SB*> M " /2 < J RAT PORTAGE. JAS, GORE proprie:tor D vin' c : I j tl 1 1 n 0| ^ It i c I' I' i ( oH x .> I- ^ la .> .> . FHEE 'BUS TD AND FHDM ALL TRAINS. TERMS MODERATE M, McQUARRI H -DEALEH IN- ;0.ce%';iei -» <» /»/i^' NES, LIQUORS, Etc, r, "* « ■■ \. W (?^,^uw tf am|i c^iitits and iloiit *ii|)|iUrs a j^iiftialtii. MAIN STREET, - RAT PORTAGE Kl T T r ^_> X ^^ H THE PALACE HOTEL .\NI>- GREAT SL'iMMER RESORTof''^f NORTH-WEST RAT PORTAGE. XAXT-O IvEI^T-U-TES' •V;7-.A.LK: I^ISOIM: 3X.i?LXIOIsr. TERMS, $2.00 PER DAY. FREE ^BUS TO AND FROM ALL TRAINS. Mait d Jflaocr, Iproprictors. a. A. KOBOiJ). A. I'. KOBOLI). G, A. KOBOLD & BRO„ fi c 11 c r at SS 1 1 1'c f 1 c r .> -.\M) PROVISION MERCHANTS MAIN STREET RAT PORTAGE, ■DKAKKItS IN — FRESH AND CURED MEATSi AND VEG-ETAHLIT.S. FRANK u AFu ^^m^i^yuMM^mi REAL ESTATE, MINING AND INSURANCE. -P. O BOX 4, IS-i^T ^OIBT^^O-E. S. S. SCOVIL. C.M..M.D. y^^,* ^'M* .:pmiB'a'.^jsi.ii„ 9 OFFICE AND RESIDENCE, MAIN ST. Ncixt DiMir to i\[aiining. .NfcDoiiaUl & Mcljarcn's Store, DIGNUM& SINCLAIR, J^i'itoimtante, ^uditois, |pl Jskit \%tni§, \n4mttn, 'J J u J "J J MONEY LOANED ON Fl RSI CLASS MORTGAGE SECURITY. 355 MAIN STREET. WINNIPEG, MAN. S . p.. Mr. Dinmun wiis lato Maniwcr oC tlie. otilct' of Kcrv iV .VmlprRon, .VcconntnntH. TJonI Kutiite .\uc)it». i^c, Toronto. Wlnnlpei-'Kf^fercnct's 1). 8. Mlllor. Khi|., Mananer Morclmnts" Hank; McArthur * Dexter, rtarflH'.ers, eir. 'I'oronto Kefi'veiiccs Kerr \- Anderson ; Kllm< ISot^eii^ A- Co.: Sainnel RofterH &• Co. danaMan jp)acific IRaihva^. ? AT LOWKST KATKS l-'or all poiiiis ill Cimudii audi he I iiiicd Siali-s. riiiic tiildcs and reliable in format ion as lo ntnlt^s and coiiniMlions nia\ lie fdiiaiiu'd tioni (;. H. ('A VI I'UKLL. 'rickft ' K'*"t r.l'. |{. Stalidii. ..I' II. G. Ml .MICKKN. (\\.\ Ticket Aireiit. 171 Main Si.. VV innipi-K JOHN M. EGAN. WM. HARDER, (ieneral .'^Miierinlendt'iit. -VssiTraflle Manaire L - NORTHWESfTRANSPORTATION 007^ ( LiMi ih:i).) (%)nii)riHing tlie t'(>ll<)\\ Imk powerful and l>esi <'(|ni|)ped steamers on llie lakes:— Initod Knipire. Ontuvio, (^ueliee and Alaniiiil),i. Lea\ int; Sariiia (weather permit- \\\\H\ e\('r.v Tuesda.v and Prida.v at !l p. in., >ri>iiik' "ot. and Port Arthur every Mun- da.v and 'rKiirsdii\ o a'M'ivalof train fiMini llie w si "Manitoba' will lea\e Wind- sor .Monda.v. Jinn- •.'."iili. ami e\ i'r\ follDwinx len days, calliny: at ."^arnia for Mii'liipi<'c)- ten. Mie, Nepij^on. I'ort .Viiliur, and all iniermediai'e poi Iseaehway. The CanHdian I'aeitle are running trains dail,\ from I'ort Arthiir to N\iiinip«'K aixl we>l. liates and full information ean be had from all (irand Trunk at^eiits. W.V DWIDSON, ^iren:. I'..r Arthur: .lAMKS H HKATTV. (ieni Mana MVY. Sarnia: >* .M. ASK IN. (ieiieial AKent, Sarnia; S aM.OSMOUNK A CO., AKeiits. ^'onK<• street, Toronto. I'lihlished I'ver.N lawful exeninj,'. at I'ort Avlhur. Out., by the Evening Herald Printing and Publishing Company, (LIMITKI).) AT THEIR OFFICE. ARTHUR STREET. Term.s Fifty cents ))er month ; sintrlc eo|)ies, ."i cents. 3^nrt jilovthuf,?itcvn c^ntavio ^ttininji and ilumbcvinj^ iUrovrt. In published e\ery h'riday afternoon, at I'at I'ortiLrc. in the I'rox inee of Ontario, by the Ar^us Print Ipk and IMiblishinji: Company, liimitod. Terms of subscription .sinj^le copies, delivered or mailefl to an.\ part of the Dominion, the United State.s or (Jreal Mritain. per annum, S2. Six months. *!l. Three months. (iO cents. Payments strictly in advance. Advertising; Rales Tran8ient adverliaiiiK \vili be eharjK eo'iiv • alent to one inch. Special rates (|Uoted tor lontrai i ad\ erlisiii>;. Atldress for further particulars - ARGUS PRINTING & PUBI ISHING CO., Kttl I'ortatct'. Ontario. Canada. /- /> MONTREAL AMD WINNIPEG, FiAffllAUndllUEAlEAIJlTS City and Municipal Bonds Bought and Sold. RKAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS ATTENDF.DTO DUNDEE IXVES'IMENT CO., Limitki). Dl'NDEE AI()]rr(;A(JE AND TKUST INVK.ST MENT (T)., Li.MiTKi). NOKTHEKN ASSl RANCE (^O. Mksshs. JESrP, I'ATON iK: CO., NEW V()KM<. J. li. (v\KNE(HE cSj CO., DUBLIN PANMUHE (iORDON c<: CO., LONDON ,L (\ VAN PUT & CO., ANTWEKP. WILLIAM MAC KENZLE, ESQ., DUNDEE. MONTREAL & WESTERN LAND CO. LIMITKI).) FREE &R/1NT LANDS Can l)r i^t'furt'tl liy iipiilictitioii at tlie < 'onipaii.v's .Moiitroal. ^^'illlli ■ r or .Stratliallaii (>ftl• 1Hortb««Mc6t IRivioation Compau^'e Steamers Freii^lil l:ikeii for Lake VViniii|n\a:, I'rincr \lberr, and all luiiiits on til' (iri'al .'^a.skatcli^'waii IJi\fr. I3I^Tj:bvi:3N^01rT3D BIE^OTSIEJ^S dz CO. Duiitlt't' Bltnk, .Main Stn-i-t, Wiimij»»;g. ■■ppi^|M^7^"Pf^'<,,'iW>. . «l. 1 THE ^ DAILY AND WEEKLY, TliE LiEadiiig Paper OF THE CANADIAN NORTHWESl, X3IE XiJL^^o■E}ax cxi^c:xrxjJi.Txo±7 I THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM THIUX (ill WHICH TO HKACII THK I'KOPLE OK MAXnOllA AND THE NDKTIIWKST ! THE DAILY FREE PRESS Hiu) 1)}' fur the Lirgewt Clrt'iilatioii of all thn Dailies in the NtrthweHt.. and Ih ThE Dnly MBtrnpalitan Mnrning Paper Reai-lilng nil Pr^.i octal and Territorial points with the LiUeBt Xew« Twelve Hours In advance of nny other .loiirnnl. THE WEEKLY FREE PRESS THE MONARCH OF ALL WEEIfLIES. THE LARGEST IN THE DOMINION ! Has a Larger Circulation tliiin all other Wjekliet; iu Maulti.hii and the Northwest Territories Coinblnetl. It eontaiittt uiL ih« I>K'al, Provlzieliil nnd Tern'orial News of the Weelt. It is tiiipplied enuli week w^ith a budget of tlie iiiTest uewg iroiii nil pttits of !he .\ oi thwest by Special Correnpoiideaw. Its .Market Hoports are a Speeiul Feature and alwajs Udiable. It \» the puper that every J'ariuer Hnould have. It is the paper to seiul lu frieud^ in nny part of the world. It is The Best Paper to read to gain infonnation about the Greekt Canadian North^west. SUBSCRIPTION "^O WEEKLY FREE PRESS : f2.50 per annum. For Gash In advan-'c n Bal)»erlptlonB for iu>t less than one whole year, 20 per cent, distonut will nc iniide. that is, TWO DOLLAR! i'KU .WXL'M. SUBSCRIPTION TO DAILY FREE PRESS : Owe year, ?10 ; Six Months |5 ; Three Mouths, *3 ; Strictly In advance. ADDKES8 WINNIPEG. MANITOBA. t . < 'I