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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^ \^f2 7^ m\Y ibtfve (Jai^tte 1 •"O Entered, accordinjf toIAct of the Parliament of Canada, in. the year one] t'ousand eight, hun- dred and ninety,. by the. tjazette Printing.Cc, at the l>epariaient ol Agriculture. E - 185^1 - THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC lUD- A COMPILATION OF FACTS AND FIGURES FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF THE ELECTORS OF CANADA PREPARED AS A SUPPLEMENT TO the: gazbttk m:on tre al. itl^ tl^c ©omfalimeQt^ of tl^e A'Utoli^l^cp^. .ith!:;t".-(T^r r,"; ■"•'■ "'""• ' '-^ "° ''™'" - "-" ^et .,„„« ,.,,. ,.„ i 1 l^Z\lO THE PI-OPLE CF CANADA. In view of the fact that a ijeneral election for the House of Commons is now within measurable distance, the publish- ers of the People's Almanac have introduced into the volume a laro^e amount of information relating to public affairs. The statistics given have been taken from official sources, and may be relied upon as absolutely accurate. In almost every case they have been allowed to tell their own story. No better answer to those who despair of their country, and can discover no ray of sunshine on its horoscope, need be supplied than the record of material proj^ress during the past ten or fifteen years. That record is furnished in the accompanying pages. The illustrations are an agreeeble novelty in a work of this kind, which, it is believed, the public will enjoy and appre- ciate ; they are free from acrimony and vulgarity, and are intended to be a fair and faithful reflex of the attitude of poli- tical parties towards the public questions of the day. The recent tariff legislation in the United States is referred to at at some length ; the changes in duties are given ; and the probable effect of the McKinley tariff on trade relations with our neighbours set forth. THE PUBLISHERS. THE TEOPLE'S ALMAN-fl.C. ^WHA.'r i^iBE^i^ivr^is M.^vi^ js.^ir>. " I entered my election outlays as mis- sionarj' expenses." J. Moimis, M. 1'. " When I treat I always treat to rasj)- b ;rry syrup." J. G. CURRIE. "We must make ablj» push on pollinc day; will you come down handsomely?" Gbouoh Brown. " Come along, John ; come ami help put down brilHjry and corruption; we've lots of money. So come along." J. Madiveh. " When I po into an electi ")n, I po in to ■will, and don't care a d n what it costs." H. Brown, Chairman Grit Convention. "I mesmerized them in batches of fifteen and sixteen, and turned a hundred that night at Glen's." Hon. John Simpson. "I spent $6,000 in contenting Rufsell, which contest 1 claim to have ha'l a good effect in subsequently socuring that consti- tuency for the Heforni party." Hon. Mai.cx)lm Cameron. "I spent time and money in carrying South Ontario and defeating an ex- minister of the Crown." Hos. ^Iauoi.m Camiron'h circular. Which is u'liy I rnivtrk, And mil langmujf is plain, That for witijfi thnt ore dark And trirkn that are rail , Tlie Liberal hb is pectUiar. 1st Month. JANUARY, 1891. 31 Dasrs. 13 24 25 iO 27 28 31 .1 • &'♦' »%« < s A O O 3 S Ois 1 Th uu. 2 Fkid. 8 Satur. 4 HVJU. 5 M«»N, 6 TUES. 7 Wki>. 8 TnLii. 9 Fail). M 8atur. 11 NUW. 12 Mox. 1» TUKS. 14 W KU. ]6 TllLR. U I-IUI). 17 SaTIJR. J8 SITX. 1!> Ml)N. 20 Tle.s. 21 Wfi.. 2J Till It. CHRONOLOGICAL EVENTS. A. fl. .Tones, who said lio woulii take off Lis hat and clieer wneii (ho British flajc was hauled down from the Halit'Mx citadel. iniideMini.ster of Militia iu . tho Libenil Cabinet. I'lUD. j Satur. Mi.y. 'i'CE.S. Wki). Till R. Fri!) Satch. Sir Richard Curtwright visits \V ashington t^ecretly, isOO. Johi) Charlton, M. P., advises Secretary iilaine, lh90. Wim.'in decliireshisalleiriance to t^ueen \'ic!orin until he carries annexation. ]>1 iko accepts a retainer from Caiiulian I'acirn- Uaihva.v. Hon. Geo. E. Foster sails fur V e>^.' Indies to promote trade relations. ■Wjlnnn consents to furnish tho I. ib. Til party with bruins and sui>)dies. Laurier polishes up his musket. Fob Montrkai,. .'^un rises- Sun sots. Moon rises. h . m. 7 41 7 41 7 41 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 40 7 3'» 7 :& 7 as 7 38 7 58 7 37 7 3H 7 3i 7 35 7 34 7 .S3 7 .3.3 7 92 7 .31 h. m. 7 ;o 7 2> 7 }8 7 27 7 20 7 2.-) 7 2J 7 23 27 28 '.!0 30 31 31 34 .^5 S'i 37 ;J8 39 4 41 42 •i'S 4( 415 47 48 50 51 52 51 65 57 .'"•8 5 00 5 01 5 03 5 04 5 05 h. m. 10 45 11 48 morti. 52 1 58 3 W 4 23 5 3(i 6 40 7 fd sets. 7 20 8 41 10 00 11 17 niorn. 31 1 44 2 55 4 04 5 11 6 12 7 05 rsis. 5 21 fi2S 7 32 8 .-'S 9 37 10 40 11 44 Fob Toronto. ! Sun Sun -Moon rises sets. rii-es. li. III. h. III. h. in. 7 34 4.34 10 40 7 :-4 4 35 11 48 7 Ml 4 3(i morn. 7 3t 4 30 51 7 31 4 .57 1 55 7 34 4 .38 3 (5 7 ;4 4 39 4 17 7 34 4 40 5 29 : 731 4 41 0;»8 1 735 4 42 7 43 7 33 4 .4 sots. 7:2 4 4i 7 25 7 32 4 4(5 8 45 1 7 3; 4 47 10 02 7 31 4 40 11 18 7 3i 4 .50 morn. 7 31 4 51 (1 30 7 1^0 4 5.! 1 41 7 U) 4 5t 2 5T 7 5:8 45. 3 5S 7 2.S 7 27 4 50 4 57 5 04 6 01 7 20 4 59 ^,7 7 2> 5(0 ri.scj. 7 24 5 01 5 .3i) 7 23 "i 03 6 .33 T2J 5 01 735 7 21 5 0(5 8 37 7 20 5 07 9 3S 7 19 5 to 10 40 7 18 5 10 1143 - "^ 3 3- r « • 2 ■ — • "I -li_lOtT BS5S j S ? B £ B i ? Oi s -r- J>- er--srs' B s D s B5BE Cn — ODjo li^KS'-' ... .^ ** H* cB s a I5B3 8 ' 3 f (f fyjlja^iMii. THE PEOPLFS ALMANAC. WHO HAS DONE MOST FOR THE WORKINGMEN 7 THE CONSERVATIVES: Took the duties off tea and cofl'tH', and thus made UtOHe articles cheaper to the t'onsuriier. tSee 'I urijff" of 1^7*.*. Put raw cotton and wool thatcanncit lie produced in ( "anada, tin plates, ntcel lor manufacturers' use, minsn^; nmchinery, and raw materials generally, on the list of articles fr^e (if duty, so as to eticotun'" their use in ( anadian factoriea and work- shops, i Put protective duties on n)anufac*"r,^<| j goods, sous to encoura^ Canadian' ital l to invest in liio i)roly the wants of ihe newly of)ened and settknl dis- tricts. (iave Hberal subsidies out of the coun- try's surplus re^enae to pro.note the ounstruction of minor railways in every part of t' n country, thus doing for lo<'aii- ties what ti.o Canadian Pacific has assisted to do lor tlio whole conntry. 2nd Month. FEBRUARY, 1891. ik. •^5 II s > 1 SUN. 2 Mox. .3 TUKS. 4 WEt). S Thlr. 6 Frid. 7 Sati'r. 8 SUN. 9 MON. 10 TUES. 11 Wed. 12 Thur. 13 Frid. 14 Satur. 15 SUN. 16 MON. J7 TUES. 18 Wed. 19 Thdb. 20 Fru). 21 Satur. 22 SUN. 2S Moy. 24 TuKS. 2S Wed. 26 Thuk. 27 Frio. 28 Satur. CHRONOLOGICAL EVENTS. (21?t), 1887. After eight year?-' experieucc people eiKlorjI HI I Jll p fl if -^IHII^.!! ■ f S I i S'i'P '^ 'Ins l'U'i',\c i{in '■■^ l-J HOME INDUSTRY ^^ ^L^^ fREt TRAOE # <^ »;-' THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. HO^v^r TT" WLi^j^ ^^\roi«K:. In his speech at Pemhroke, on Octoher 21, 1890, Sir Richard (•iul\vri<;ht tjiiid : " Some men, whose opinions I respect, entertain objections to tliis (unrestricted reciprocity) proix)sition. They argiio, and argue with force, that it will be necessary for us, if we enter into such an arrange* ment, to admit tlie goods of the United States on more favorable terms than those of the mother country. Nor do I vlony that that is an objection, and not a light one." — Toronto Globe reixirt. 3rd Month. MARCH, 1891. 31 Days. ri. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 U 1 I'i 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SUN. MON. Tlks. Wed. Tiiuu. Fnii). Satur. SUN. MoN. TUES. Wed. Thur. Fan). iSatiir. SUN. TUKS. Wed, Tnua. Frid. Satur SUN.- MoN. TuES. Wed. Thue. Frid. S^tur. SUN, MoN. TUKS. CHRONOLOGICAL EVENTS. (9th), 1872. Mr. Blake, as Pre- mier of Ontarii), all'ers a re- ward of $3. 000 for the capture of Iliel, wlio niurdereil Tom Scott. On tlie21ili of Marcli, 1^86, he voted censure on (he Conservative govcrmnent for executing Kiel after ho h;id caused the death ol fifty more loyal Canadians. (14th), 1870. Sir Leonard Tilley introduces the (Conser- vative tariff to give protection to the Canadian workman, merchant, manufactnrcr and farmer, by reserving the home market for the homo producer. Sir Richard Cartwright at Oakwood relates how he told manufacturers' deputations to go to the Devil, 18«0. Mercicr decl ires his purpose to help Liberals in Dominion elections in order to saddle Quebec's debt on the Federal treasury, 1M)0. For Montreal. Sun rises, h. in. 6 3!) C> 37 6 35 () ;w (5 32 6 30 6 1'8 (5 2(i 6 2i (i 21 fi 19 9 17 6 1") 8 13 () 11 9 7 6 4 2 •; 00 .) 58 5 W 5 54 5 52 5 50 5 48 5 47 5 45 5 43 Pun sets. li. v.\. 5 47 5 49 5 50 5 51 6 (K) 19 20 22 23 24 20 27 6 10 6 11 h 13 (5 H « 15 6 17 r, 18 Moon rises. h. m. il 49 r^iorn. 5H 2 07 3 14 4 14 5 I 5 5 46 sets. 6 25 7 47 9 07 10 25 11 42 morn. 55 2 IK) 2 57 3 47 4 28 5 00 5 2<) 5 49 rises. 6 2 > 7 29 8 34 9 41 10 £0 11 59 morn. F.)r Toronto. Sun liscs. h. ni. R 37 6;^5 •> 3{ 32 ;o H 29 6 27 « 2i 6 23 6 21 6 20 C 18 C 16 ') 14 6 1i r, 11 5 58 5 5() 5.')4 5 52 5 5') 5 4') 5 47 5 4.5 5 44 Sun ; Moon sets, i rises. h. m 5 4'.» 5 60 5 51 5 / 3 ?>54 5 55 5 57 5 58 ' 59 6 10 6 11 (') 13 6 14 6 15 10 17 18 () 19 6 21 6 22 6 23 f) 25 6 26 h. m. 11 44 morn. 53 2 01 .} 07 4 m 4 58 5 41 sets. 6 27 7 47 9 04 10 20 11 ;w mom. 48 52 48 39 21 f4 21 45 rises. 6 25 7 27 8 31 9 37 10 41 11 52 morn. ® S ® B egos -1 • 1 00 Axnto xxtrvt BBBB BBS!? cS BBBB BBB^ s H K w The eagle grey is a rare old bird, And tlie falcon's good and game, And the fine old goose, when it turns itself loose, It gets there just the same. But the boldest bird we have ever heard (And w^e hear of them now and then), is the bird that still fights McKinley's Bill, The great Canadian ben. When McKinley great goes on to state That our hen is not a bird. By the good old rule, he must be a fool (Although that's a i)retty strong word), For the eggs she lays are beyond all praise, And they're relished beyond the sea, For that grand old fowl makes the Yankees howl, For Canadian eggs for tea. f f: ^t*^; ' The Protector of Ciniae completed, and did all ill their power as a party U> prevent its being ctjmpleted. This railway gives direct employmeut to five thousand workmen, and indirectly afforJs work to many thousands outside. Voted against the subsidies in aid of railways to open up to trade the tmdeveloped resources of the country and so add to tlie trade and the work of the l)eople. 4th Month. APRIL, 1891. 30 Days. >.t3 >.-3 at a a S ^^ CtS s •^ 1 Wed. 2 Thur. 3 Frid. 4 Satpr. 5 SUN. 6 MON. 7 Tl'KS. 8 Wed. 9 Thur. 10 FUID. 11 Satttr. 12 SUN. 1.3 MON. 14 TUES. 13 Wed. 16 Thur. 17 Frid. 18 Satur. 19 SUN. 20 Mom. 21 TUE8. 22 Wkd. 23 Thdr. 24 Fbid. 26 Satur. 26 BUN. 27 MoN. 28 Tuss. 29 Wkd. 80 ' HUB. For Montrkal. i For Torovto. CHRONOLOGICAL EVEXT.S. Sim rides. Sun Bet?. Mocn rises (24th), 1889. Hon. Oliver Mowat refused privileKcs of floor in New York L-i?i.slature |j and aaked to leave the '' ohambor. (28th). 18^1. Brihfli^for n down from buildintr in Broad- way, New York, during Washington oenfennial cele- bration. Mowat congratulates Mercier on his Quebec vittory. New fast lino of steamships established between Vancouver and JapuA and China, 1488. ] First cargo of Canadian cot- ton shipped to China (1888.) :;h. in. U "9 :n ;■!■> :^) 28 26 ?4 22 20 18 17 14 13 11 10 0-( 06 0^ 03 III 59 .58 56 54 53 51 50 1'. m. 6 2S 6 2!) 6 3') 6 32 .Ti 6 34 C S'i 6 37 6 '8 fi 3'J 6 41 6 42 6 41 6 45 6 46 6 47 6 4'.> 6 50 6 6, 6 53 6 51 R 55 i 6 56 6 58 6 00 tS 01 OS h. in. 1 0) 2 ftfJ 2 5'.t 3 4". 4'IS 4 •17 s<»s. 6 ;«•) 7 .'irt 9 16 10 34 11 46 morn. 5) 1 H 2 2.S 3 ('2 .*♦, 3 ) 3 f I 4 n 4 3:\ 4 5J rises. 7 31 8 41 9 5' 10 59 mom. 002 &7 hun ri.-ies. Sun &et.s. h. Ill, r. i-> 5 in r, .•■!s .) :!7 3'> 5 ;!3 5 M ■ W > ."> 28 li. m K27 6 28 6 2!» 6 30 6 H 6 3J 6 31 6 3-. 6 ..T) 5 2'i ! 6 37 n 24 1 6 3S ■ 1 5 "'^ ' 6 40 ■\ '> 21 6 41 j! r, 20 6 42 5 18 6 43 5 16 6^4 5 14 6 4'i 5 1 ! 6 47 5 11 6 48 5 Oil 6 49 5 '8 6 50 5 Oi 6 5i 5 ft5 6. '3 5 03 6 5t 5 0.! 655 5 0) 6 5<) 1 5S 57 4.57 6 59 4 55 700 4 54 7Ll Moon ri«es. h. II). f8 1 f)!> 2 52 3 3 4 13 4 45 sets. 6 35 7 51 9 12 I I 28 II .38 morn. 41 1 a5 2 21 256 3 95 350 4 n 4 32 4f2 rises. 7 28 8 SO 9 4( 10 51 11 55 mom. 060 CO 30 CO--. B335 trerertr BBB3 A o A a .•fl 1 -» " !S££ r III A » • • •■i M 4 THE PECPLE8 ALMANAC * THE COUNTRY GROWS, Municipal and B(mrd of Health statis- tics sliow that since 1881, thirty -two cities and towns throntrhout Canada have increased their population hy 280,000. These are samples of a general growth, and if accurate liirures were available other towns and cities would show^ ^ proportionate increase. (See figures oh another page.) The conditions that brought about such a satisfactory result should not be lightly changed. 5th Month. MAY, 1891. 31 Days. . .a . ^ Fob Mostbkal. For Toronto. X a a ~-y CIIROITOLOGICAL EVENTS. O = •^S ^^ Sun i Sun Moon Sun Sun Moon rises, sets. rises. rises, sets. rises. ?-^?? X 1 h. m. h. m h. in. , h. ni h. m. h. m. ;i . ^ >■ to 1 2 Finn. S.vTt :|{. (8th), 1889. Emstus Wiman, ! betiiro United t>tates Senate I4-I8 1 4 47 7 « 7 7 1 42 2 1'. 4 6i 4 51 7 2 7 3 1 36 2 14 3 SUN. [ railroad committee in New J 4(> 7 9 2 49 4 5) 7 4 2 46 4 MoN. Y' rk, dcclures commcrciiil 4 44 7 10 3 15 4 48 7 5 3 14 SgcO'Gc-' r"^ S TUKS. i union to be a preliminary to i 4 43 7 11 3 08 4 47 7 7 3 39 p.^^fi.2. 6 Wki). ! the annexation of Canada ; 4 41 7 13 4 01 4 4G 7 8 402 l_< i-HO fcj ~I 7 Tiiuii. . that ('jiniida cannot remain jif 4 ^0 711 425 4 45 7 !) 4 28 cr=r3-c-=r s 8 FlMl). it is : that after tlie death of 4 39 7 15 sets. 4 43 7 10 Fets. onto t-'in 9 SaTI'U. Sir .lohn MacdonalU will come 4 37 7 16 9 21 4 42 7 11 9 17 B S 5 5 5 10 sv>,-. the deluge. 4 TO 7 18 10 :i 4 41 7 13 10 26 >• 11 MoN. 4 1 7 19 11 .34 4 39 711 11 25 |§?533 as 12 TUKS. 4 3! 7 20 mom. 4 3H 7 15 morn. .— 13 Wki), ! (12th), 1889. abroKate C. P. R. ' 1 4 31 7 22 1 .2 4 .3'i 7 17 55 1.) Frii). 1 monopoly contract in North- i , 4 30 7 1'3 1 .3;i 4 .".o 7 18 1 28 w In Satiu. west carried by a vote of 52, 4 28 7 25 1 59 4 31 7 19 I 55 3-Ercrp-D- 25 17 SUN. 1 the Liberals oi)pof:ing. [Com- ' 4 27 7 20 220 4r^ 7 20 2 17 tnhS ^-tjr 18 M \. mons Liebates, 1889. 4 2 a; 21 TlllJR. i FriI). ; Opening Canadian P.icific I'.ailway ri'duces cost ..-f tea ■ 4 23 4 22 7 ?Ji) 7.31 3 34 rises. 4 29 4 2.S 7 21 7 2i 3 36 rise?. 22 23 Katir, live cons per pound by cheap- ! 411 7.32 7 :^8 4 27 7 26 7 32 ff 24 SUN. ening freiehts from China aud 4 20 7.3.5 8 .iK • 4 25 7 27 8 41 H 25 Mox. Japan, 1880. 4 19 734 9 55 ! 7 28 9 48 5"5-r-=-!r a 26 Ti;ks. 4 H 7 £5 • 10 M 1 « L'!< 7f9 10 47 1 K 27 Wed. 1 4 18 7 36 11 43 ' 4 24 7 :;o 11 36 ?;'.^.i.Si w 28 Tnu>-. Canada's unrestricted offer to ; 4 17 i 7 37 1 mom. 4 24 7 31 morn. B 5 3 3 3 f^ 29 Full). negotiate for a rccipuicity 4 1() i 7 38 i 22 ; 4 2:1 7 32 16 BS;^^B .-t 30 SaTCP. treaty refused by United i 4 I'l 1 7.39. 0:5 1 4 23 7 .'3 49 'ai 31 SUN. 1 States Qovernment (1887.) j 4 15 740 1 1 19 i 4 22 1 7 31 1 17 I Mary had a little lamb, Its fleece was white as s-now, Till Bill ^McKinley came and said " A tax on that must go. " "We cannot see our Yankee Iambs So innocent and dear, Get busted up by pauiier wools Which come from Europe here. '• Oh, no, my dear, it cannot be," The great ]\IcKinley cried, " Two cents a jjound goes on its flesh And thirty on its hide." Then Mary sheared that lamb so closo That it was nearly bald. And in its w«:>e the tarifl'bill Some awful names it called. ('■WiUMHM m ^pi m 1 1 [■j WPWM THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. WHO ARE THE FARMER'S FRIENDS? =1 * TELE CGI^'SEBVATIVES : Have eBtablished experimental farms at Ottawa, Brandon, Indian Head, Agazziz, B.C., and Nappan, N.S. Have conducted experiments of value to tlie farmer as to the best seeds f:uited for cultivation in the various latitudes of Canada, and tlie best means of cultivating tliem. Have appointed Profeasor Roliertson, the best autlioiity in North America, to be dairy commissioner, and pnl)U8he(l regular bulletins j^repared by him for tlie infoimation cf farmers. Have imported the best Enplisli seed barley for the improvement of tlmt grain in Canada. Have given protection against the farm products of the Western (States whose competition has ma 7 41 1 \^ 4 21' 7 8.5 1 42 oa ! ' 2 3 TUKS. Wko. cies, alter three > eiirs' exi>eri- enco, endor^'eii tlie Niitioiiiil 4 14 4 1.3 7 42 7 4< 2 Oi 2i'8 4 2' 4 ?<) 7 a5 7 Hti 2 Oi 2 30 1 4 Thur. Poliey of the 4 2o 7 37 2 5'1 71 \ 5 FRin, Kovernmerit by returnintf n 4 12 7 44 ;? 20 4 19 7 ;« 3 tenr IH (♦-'!*!» 4 11 7 48 morn. \ 18 7 41 11 .'5 J5SS as 12 13 Frid. S*TUR. Khowp H PurpliKS of S4 f04 2 8. This is a Conservative record. 4 11 7 4') 10 4 18 7 4" liiorn. 19 4 11 7 5i) :.3 4 18 7 42 ? 14 SU.v. 4 1-) 7 SO J3 4 18 7 43 41 P.^-'V^CM 15 MON- Constrnction SnultSte. Marie 4 It 7 5rt 1 02 4 18 7 4< 1 M t— » 1.^ H 16 TUES. canal beguu, 1889. ID 7.'il 1 2'i 4 18 7 44 1 20 cr=-;r'cr K )7 Wkd. 4 10 7 51 i ;« 4 18 7 44 1 ;39 '-''r wro » 18 Thlr. Bounty frranted by Connerva- 4 10 7M 1 5S 4 18 7 44 2 01 BEB5 3 1^ Frid. tive government to fishermen 4 10 7 52 2 22 4 18 7 44 2 26 ^ 20 Pa'ur. of Maritime proviiices. 4 11 7 52 2 53 4 18 7 45 2f8 5 2 53 "* 21 22 SUN. MoN. Export earK trnde with Enpr- 4 11 4 11 7 52 7 52 3 32 rices. 4 18 4 18 7 45 7 45 3 39 rise", tote — 23 TuKS. hiiid eucoecsfully established, i 4 11 7 5.3 9 ;-8 4 18 7 45 ■^ ;l A- a. a, a. *-• 24 Wkd. 1890. 4 12 7 53 10 22 4 19 7 45 10 16 1.^ ^ 25 Thur. 4 12 7 5.3 10 56 4 19 7 4.1 10 52 H 26 Frid. Blake declares at Malvern 4 12 IfO, 11 25 4 20 7 45 11 22 K 27 Satub. that high Cust ms duties muAt 1-13 7 53 11 49 4 20 7 4-. 11 47 M > 28 SUN. be maintained and maoufao- 4 13 7 53 morn. 4 20 7 45 luorn. 5BBB s 29 JMam. turers have nothing to fear, 4 13 7 53 U 11 4 21 7 45 U Uncle Sams Candidate •^OR PREMIER.WlLFRED LAIJRIER. PLATFORM Commercial Union. Direct Taxation olscrimlnationagainstenglano DisTRucTiON Home Industries Canada dumping ground FOR American Products ANNEXATION y<^ tm THE TEOPLE'S ALMANAC, THE LEADER OF ALL. You may search among the loadors, who in action or debate Sway the passions of the jxjople, or direct all'airs of state, But there is not one among thom, the wliole wide world upon, That is half so loved and honored as Our grand old man, Sir John. He found us but a colony, and lias a nation made ; His rule gave us a confidence that ne'er can be dismayed ; His policy's the wisest the sun eVr shone ujion ; He hue wonders done furCaunda, Our veteran, Sir John. i I No wonder we are proud of him and hold his name revered, i Few more sagacious i)ilo+s the sliip of [ state have steered ; . Yet he's plain and simple like ourselves, , There are no Hies upon | That typical Canadian, ' Our good, old, plain, Sir John. I 7th Month. \i M JULY, 1891. 31 Days. C3 3 r» TuuR. 17 Frid. 18 Satitr. 19 su>r. 20 MoN. 21 'i'KtS. y2 W. D. 23 Tiii;r. 24 Full). 25 Satur. 2-i SL'N. 27 Mox. i8 'J UES, 29 Wko. m Thir. 31 Friu. CHRONOLOGICAL EVENIS. (Ist). 1867. Confederation of Canada inaugurated under Conservative Premier Sir John A. Macdonald. (12th), 188S. Quebec Legisla- ture uniier a Lilienil PrfUiicr (Mr. iMercicr), finally jin.-sM act to give the Jesuits $1(1" ,000 coinpe; sation lor their confiscated estate-i, ajrainat the protest of Mei'srs. Owens and Hail, both Con- servatives. Secretary Blaine says at Calais, Maine, that Canadians can have free access to Unite«l States market only by becom- ing American citizens, 188 -. Liberal leadership put into comuiissioii. /Wiman arranges with friends in Washington to work co.n- mercial tmion in the i tercst of Canadian Liberal.*;, 18HS. Fob Montreal. Sun Sun rue°. sets. h. in. 4 ]5 4 15 4 Jii i 17 4 17 4 2f) 4 27 28 2<) 31 32 33 34 i 4 3) i 4 3('i ' 4?7 I 4 3H i 4 40 , 4 41 I 4 42 i h. in, 7 52 7 52 7 5: 7 51 7Ci 51 60 50 49 49 48 47 4*) 4(> 4> 41 45 42 41 4-1 3J 7 38 Moon rises. h. m. 56 1 22 1 .'^2 2 31 setP. 8 f3 , 9 c2 I 10 02 i 10 27 10 48 ! II Oii 11 21 II 42 morn. 01 23 49 1 23 For Toronto. Sun I Sun rises. I sets. 1 2 07 i; 3(3 rises. 8 54 926 9 52 10 16 10 38 11 00 11 2-) U 54 . morn. 1 3tJ . m 22 22 23 n 24 25 25 2t) 27 2- 28 29 30 31 31 32 35 34 ;!5 36 n 38 39 41 41 4'. 43 41 45 46 47 7 45 7 45 1 7 41 17 44 7 43 7 43 7 43 7 42 7 42 7 41 7 40 7 40 i 7 39 7 .38 7 37 7 37 7 3.i 7 3,5 7.^1 7 33 7 33 7 .S2 . 7 31 7 30 7 2s 7 27 7 20 7 2i j 7 24 Aloon rises. h. m. ] I' 1 27 1 59 2 39 sets. 8 45 9 25 9 57 10 Zi 10 «6 ]< 05 11 24 11 43 morn. (14 28 5') 1 3) 2 14 3 10 rises. 8 49 9 22 Q fO 10 16 10 3 ' 11 03 1 I 30 12 (Ji) morn. c' 2.3 2-3 a *-■ l-t 1—000 -^ ro 1^ ■■£ f B3ES tOIJ -» O ~J •-' 'O E E B 5 O O O i srsra-tr 1 ^ CO i>' ^s en « BsES 71 3 Ilol Del Th Hi| Hi i\~ THE PEOPLES ALMANAC THE GREAT CANADIAN HEN. How did the ^ood Canadian hen " At present birds' eggs come in free, Deliglit her e;:ga to lay, To that I've ]»Iodged my word ; That we may pack and ship them to But from my tariff point of view, Our friends across the waj- ? A hen is not a bird." When Bill McKinley came along And yet the bold Canadian hen His face with wrath did shine, Continues still to lay ; He said — " No Yankee laid those eggs " Unmoved by Bill McKinloy's talk They're laid across the line. She does so to tliis day. "Shall Yai.kees' hens no safeguards have, And still we buy and pack and ship, When they are on the lay ? Although McKinloy fumes, From this time forth all hens' eggs shall Hei-ause he sees the duty's paid Five cents per dozen pay. By the party who consumes. Sth Month. AUGUST, 1891. 31 Days. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 1! 1^ li» 2(J 21 22 23 2( 25 ;f, 27 £8 2.-* .^0 3. 08 ^ Satob. SUN. MON. TUES, Wed. Thur Frid. Satuk SUN. MoN. Ti;r.„, Wed. Thur. Pbid. Satur. SUN. MON. TUKS. Wed. Thur. FUID. Satur SUN. MoN. TuES. Wed Thur. Frid. Ratuh. SUV. Mu.v. CHRONOLOGICAL EVENTS. (2;st), 18i8. United States ('oasrreas rejects the Bayard- Ciiamberlaiii fishery treaty to .'^ettle tlie disputes between Cuuudu and the Uuitcd Staters. (::3nl). President Cleveland sends message to CouKr 88 re- commending the withdraw:il of bonding privileges accorded Canadian goods in transit through United States terri- tory. (27th), Hon. Mr. Laurier, at St. Thomas, accuses Conserva- tive government of unfriendli- ness to United States, and fo provoking retaliatioi . Con- servative government had re- solved to maintain Cauiid I's rights under treaty oi 18l><, and so ke«'p Canndiun fish lor Canadian fishermen. Deposits of the people in the bii'krt i cre.sed $1 -'0,00,000 aiiicu 187(J. Foil Montreal. For Toronto. 1 s=^< K O •? ?5^ 2 1 Sun Sun Miion 1 Fun Sun Moon §sgs •jj ri.se.". i-ew. rises. ' rise-. hets. n>e.«. ■US ao m '. n ■ ? h. 10. 1'. m. h. 111. li. ■ h. m I>. Ml. \ r^ -r^ 443 7 2< in 4 48 7 2-5 1 1'2 . : . n 4 44 7 i7 2 t.i 44» 7 22 2 n '■ : '• 4 4.'> 7 26 3 (14 4 :o 7 2') 3 J 2 4 47 7 24 4 09 4f.2 7 1) 4 i6 1 I.S.-*^-' '.' 4 48 7 2;J H -tsi. 4/ i 7 IS ccts. ! t^— ^a. i5 IS 44t 7 2J 8 52 451 7 11 8 48 ! ^, .(...«> o 1 i5) 7 20 i> 12 4 5> 7 1. f/1* , ^-s-^ n 4a 7 1' 9 2!t 451 7 n 28 fcJ^- K 4 o2 7 17 9 46 4 57 7 12 46 BpBB o 4 ,M 7 1 . 10 04 4 r.< 7 11 (6 ► 4 . -y 711 1 121 4 i>'J 7 !) 10 28 B " « » 4 5i 7 12 1 » 48 5 7 8 10 53 4 57 7 10 11 17 i 5 1 7 6 U 2J OT ^fO *** « 4 5^ 7 lb 55 '5 2 7 5 mm. C^^^H* ^ 5 0') 5 1 7 7 7 « morn. (1 45 ; 5 4 : 5 5 7 3 7 2 02 5:{ n 5 2 7 4 147 5 fi 7 1 54 tSi-.-^ po 5 3 5 5 7 3 7 2 3(0 rise'. 5 7 5 8 6 59 57 3 06 ri'ef. CO '-WINS bBBB 3 > 5 6 7 00 7 52 5 9 6 5(1 7 49 B?3B % 5 7 «'8 8 17 5 10 6 51 8 15 ."> « G5i 8 40 5 12 (i 5 • 8 41 i'^lt 1 5 10 () 51 9 t3 1 5 l.t fi51 9 05 o 5 U C. 5 J 9 28 '5 14 « 4'» 9 32 I-.I H 1 5 ]-' 51 9 5.i 5 15 47 JO 02 cntotao iTJ'S'P' n 5 ] ! 5 47 10 30 11 U 5 1) 5 17 6 46 6 4t 10 37 11 19 oBBB tq 2 o 5 1'i 45 1200 5 IS 6 42 morn. 5 17 T) 44 morn. 5 11 6 41 n 00 ?.**? ► 5 ]. (} .. ! II 5/ i ■"' ' ' 6 41 1 o.'> y. 5.9 G 40 2 0J |5 2J « 3i 2 07 .1 ^^"^^ 4^ /^ [It 1- Toll l"r'"| All' To B\it We ror To ".•■*ii4 ■ •port one line They do n(jt make u single move And on it take their stand. To helj) the country on, The oi)ix)8ition have ono, too, They 8imr)iy sit in Parliament To put before the land. To rail at old Sir John. But in In. , growing Canada Yet once they had a policy We find there iu but one, (.U least so i)eople say), For the Liberals have no platform Till Laurier lired his nuisket oflf To take their stand upon. And blew it clean away. 9 th Month. SEPTEMBER, 1891. 30 Days. Day Veek. s i 1 1 TuES. ! 2 Wei). ; 3 Thur. I 4 Finn, j 5 SAfUU. SU.N. 7 iMoN. K TUKS- 9 Wkd. V) TllLR. ! 11 Viiw. j v.! S TCU. !•{ StN. 14 f .Mo.v. ' It lUKS- K. Wkd. 17 Thur. 1» Fkid. ' 19 Satur. 2il SUN. 21 Mov. 22 TUKS. v;^ W KI). 24 Thur. 'AT Frii). ?(? Satur. 27 SUN. 28 Mo.\. 29 Tui.3. 30 Wkd. CHRONOLOGICAL EVENTS. (iSth). 1878. Pcoi)lo lit tho euiieral eloutiona piotiouncud fori)roiecti()ii on the issue — tVie trade or vri'ieotion— presentotl to theiu by tlie fwoiiariie?, tle- featiiiK .-ir Kicliaf.l Ort- wri^ht, the free trade Fi'ianoo Minister, in Coniro AVelling- ton. This verdict hiis been twice endorsed since — on tiio 2(ith June. l-H'2, and cr mukc a loan m Jiondon tor the Dominion at o per cent. Sweeping Democratic success in the Uiiiied States. McKin- ley defeated and his tariff doomed.— November, 1S90. Sun rises. Sun ?cts. h. ni. 5 21 o 2J 5 2:5 h. m. r. 3ti For MyNTREAi.. Mcon ri.-es. h. ni. 3 0) 4 II sets. 7 :« 7 52 8 10 8 2-) 8 51 it 17 9 50 1i> 33 H 27 morn, O.U 5 21 5 25 5 :7 5 :.H 5 29 r> ; 3 31 5 ;;3 5 .u 5 .".I) f) ,".7 r. ;^8 5 39 .-) 41 5 42 5 43 4t 45 47 4S 5 52 5 5;^ 5 5t 5 5i 5 57 ti a< ti ;i (5 21 C, 27 C. 25 (> L3 () 21 (j T.t (} 17 (i ]-) (i 13 11 (5 (9 G ('.' G (10 (i 04 « OJ GfO 5 5S 5 M) 5 51 5 52 5 51 5 4't 5 '7 3 45 5 43 1 3 4 6 ri- 7 7 8 51 13 37 'v2 c». 27 53 27 9 07 9 54 10 49 11 51 morn, 50 2 03 308 For Toronto. Sun rises. h. in. 5 23 5 21 5 25 5 2G 5 i!7 5 28 5 30 5 31 5 3J 5 33 5 3 I 5 3") 5 oG 5 S8 5 3'J 5 40 5 n 5 43 5 44 5 43 5 4G 5 47 5 48 5 49 5 51 5 52 5 53 5 51 5 .-15 556 Sun sots. h. m. « :g 34 6 32 G31 6 29 1-7 « 25 (•> 23 G 21 9 20 G IS G IG G 11 G 12 G 10 G 08 G o7 6 0") G 03 (5 ol IK) 5 5< 5^0 551 5 62 5 50 5 48 5 47 5 45 5 43 Moon rises. b. m. 3 Jl 4 10 sets. 7 34 7 52 8 11 8 31 855 9 23 9 57 10 41 Jl 35 morn. 41 1 57 3 V.i 4 40 ft 03 rises. 7 31 7 53 8 33 9 14 10 (2 10 57 11 59 morn. 1 03 2 08 3 11 s '^ 5 " at' [2 B 35 3 ?B33 I— i 33 = 5 %%B5 5335 B2B5 3 -i a a f a .Ji THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. AN OLD TEMPERANCE STORY WITH A POLITICAL MORAL. There lived in an Englisli town once, a ■workman — a genuine ^'^ooi fellow— whose popular name amonji; hm friends was Jack. Like many others, he frequently stopi>ed at the local public house. Thirs practice finally became a habit so strong that it cost him most of his wages. His family became poor, and he hinise.f suf- fered in health as in pocket, and had to look to charity for the means of subsist- enca A friend remonstrated with him ; pointed out the error of his ways, and l^ersuaded him to try a new policy. He ceased drinking, took a new road going to and returning from work, and by-and-by a visible reform in his api)earance was noticed. His family were well clothed and well fed and himself in good health. One day business took him past his old haunt, and he met the landlord standing at the door. Boniface greeted him kind- ly, asked wl at had become of him for months, and enquired after his health. .Tack explained that his health was ex- cellent ; but he was troubled with a hard lump on his side, which he pointed to the landlord, in the neighborhood of his pocket. The landlord pitied him, and re- marked that he thought his chanpe in habits was the cause of the complaint, which would soon disappear if he was to take his beer regularly. Jack's reply was, that he quite agreed with this; but, on the whole, he rather liked the " lum,>," which he drew from his pocket and displayed to his listener's gaze a bag filled with shillings, the result of his savings under a policy of sobriety. Then he passed on. T]ie Canadian aorkman lias a hard lump in the shape of fifty-tuo millions of dollars, ■in the saHnqs hanks, vhich he acamulattd under u protective policy. lie does not vant a return to free trade, sovp kitchens and relief vorks. il THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. THE MOURNFUL PARTY. See the faces of the Grits, Grizzly Grits, ''hat a woe begone expression at present o'er tiiem flits. They are thinking— thinking deeply How to run this country cheaply, And tliey wonder How in thunder It is going to be done. a platform of negation, which the wis- dom of the nation [any years ago discovered was not fit to stand upon, They would own the country's coffers And would tempt our votes with offers ;!!oncerning reciprocity, which for Yankees would be fun. And they have but one ambition, With the shades of opposition To be quits. But the people — they who vote — of their twaddle take no note. For they know the dismal, dreary, direful dole Of the Grits. Of the moribund, morose and melancholy Grits. Grits, Grits, Grits. The disaffected, oft-detested, ne'er elected Grits, Grits, Grits, Grits. The greedy, grubby, garrulous old Grits. 11th Month. NOVEMBER, 1891. 30 Days. . -C •^M a s cS % "S. «^ 1 SUN, 2 MoN. 3 TUES. 4 Wed. 5 Thur 6 Frid. ! 7 Satur.i 8 SUN. 9 MoK. 10 TuES- 11 V.'::-.. 12 Thur. 13 Full). 1 U Satur. 15 SUN. Ki MoN. !7 TlJKS. i ,18 >Ved. M,i) Thur. yi FuiD. 11 Sa^ir. — M SUN. 13 AIox. •li TUKS. ;5 Wed. 2t) Thur. 27 Frip. UH Satur. 2t SUN. •JU MoN. CHRONOLOGICAL EVENTS. For Montreal. (5th), 1889. Hon. Mr. Meroier psiys over $4u0,000 grant to Father Turgeon, representa- tive of the Jesuits. N. B. — The payment of the Protes- tant portion has not yet been made. Canadians attracted to Dakota by Liberal speeches return to Manitoba.— 1888-'S9-'90. Sir Richard Cartwright favors direct taxation of Canadian people. — Repeated speeches. Sun rises. b. m. ti 39 6 41 6 42 6 44 3 45 6 4« 6 48 6 49 6 50 6 52 6 53 6 55 6 5t) 6 57 6 ^ 7 2 Suu Moon seis. rises. h. m. 4 47 ■U6 h- m 00 5 23 5 51 6 20 7 13 8 09 9 15 10 i9 11 46 morn. 1 14 2 24 3 44 5 05 6 28 rise.". Fob Tohonto. Sun rises. h. m. « 36 6 37 6 39 6 40 6 !2 6 43 6 4t 45 46 6 48 6 -.. 50 52 6 53 (5 54 6 56 < 5 32 6 57 6 23 6 .'8 723 7 8 28 1 7 1 9 37 7 2 10 46 7 3 1162 7 4 morn. 7 6 055 7 7 1 57 7 8 8 00 7 9 4 04 7 10 5 10 7 11 6 18 7 13 Sun sets. m< 51 50 48 47 46 45 44 42 41 4') 39 .'^7 3'1 ;i5 34 34 33 32 31 30 30 29 28 28 27 26 26 25 25 Moon rise?, h. m. 5 C4 5 29 5 58 6 34 7 21 8 17 9 23 10 3^ 11 51 worn. 1 OS 2 26 3 44 5(2 6 23 risex. 5 40 6 31 7 31 8 36 9 44 10 51 11 55 morn. 57 1 57 2 59 4 02 506 6 12 ►1 CO in®i— I CO 'I coi—' srcrsrsr BB55 B?B5 to Ji 10 o crcrp-B- EBBS u*5 01 ^ .— * h-» VI H-i M- crn-ETsr ^3ia>co B B B B B^BB 5? » EC 2 2 3 as OT^-J (— i" K>-B t^-^ K C 5 S % <^^ 1 TCFS. 2 Wed. 3 Thur. 4 FRin. 5 Satur. 6 HUN. 7 MON. 8 TUES. 9 Wkd. 10 Thur. 11 Frii). 12 Satur. 18 SUN. U MON. 15 TuES. 16 Wkd. ; 17 Thuh. ; 18 Frii). I 19 Satur. 2() SUN, 21 MoN. 22 TuES. Zi Wkd. 'li Thur. 25 Frid. 26 Sa-'ur. 27 SUN. 28 MON. 29 TuES. 31) Wed. 31 Thur. ' At this hapny holiday month remember that in 1878, the last yvar of free tride in Canada, many working people ia Montreal hud to go to the public soup kitchens lor their dinners'. There has not been a public fioup kitchen in Montreal since, ihe civic i relief works were stopped when the fnctories started under protection. (9th, 1890)— Mr. Mercier at Qncbec says Conservative op- position is as much to blame as his government for extra- ordinary and dangerous in- crease in expenditure. This is the provincial version of Cartwright's "fly on the wheel " idea. For Montreal. For Toronto Sun Sun j rises, sets. Moon rises. m. h. m. h.m 20 4 18 4 26 21 4 IS 5 10 0'> 4 17 (i '4 2S 4 17 7 f-T 24 4 17 h 19 21 4 17 9 :i5 2ti 4 16 lit 52 2; 4 16 morn 28 4 16 f THE RECIPROCITY QUESTION i Hon. Edward Blake, speaking at Mal- vern, Ontario, January 22nd, 1887, said on the subject of the Taritl:— " No man, I care not how t (-?rr ss of the United Stales. All par- ; ; ; agreed on that point. For in- ^; ' , ihe Chicago Times, discussing the <■*•■'« ,'1, said :—" It must not be forgot- :* • : t". this proposition implies a com- plete surrender l)y the Dominion Parlia- ment to the American Congress (jf all control over the principal source of the Dominion's revenue, the tarilf. Whatever it may please the American Congress to do regarding the tarill', that the Dominion Government must forthwith accept. Our Congress would have even more power over the Dominion under thisaiTangement than it would in the event of political union, because the people of the Dominion would have neither vote nor voice in AVashington under the proposed commer- cial union, while they would have both under political union. Not only would our Congress prescribe and change at pleasure all the tariir taxes exacted from the people of Canada, but our executive officers and our courts would make all the rulings and decisions affecting rates for the Dominion as well as for the United States." The Ngw York Evening Post, one of the most reputable and influential journals in the United States, has also dealt with the subject of tariff control under a policy of unrestricted reciprocity, reaching this conclusion :— " If Canada agrees to have the same tarill" as the United States, the making of it must, of necessity, be left to the American Congress, or, in other words, the power to tax the Canadians must be ceded to the United States, and the power to tax soon carries all other power", with it. It is just as well for everybody who is interested in this move- ment on either side of the line to bear this in mind. The United States cannot allow a small province like Canadq, to say what their import duties shall l)e, so that Cana- da would have to allow the United States — in fact, if not in form, to say what her import duties would be." The foregoing (juotations establish two points : — First, that in the opinion of Mr. Blake and the Globe, direct taxation in Canada is impracticable ; secondly, that a common tarilf would, under unrestricted reciprocity, prevail along the whole Ameri- can sea-board. It is interesting, then, to enijuire the effect upon the revenue of Canada of the jjroposed policy. We should lose the whole of the duti(>s now collected on imports from the United States. These THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. Lmouiited to |7,371,148 in 1889. But uuder Jtlie operation of such a fiscal system as the fMcKinloy tariff, Canada's imports from (Great Britain would decline to one-fourth [their present value, and the Customs col- ' lections would correspondingly decrease. Before the McKinley Bill became law, the United States bought annually from Great Britain to the uuiount of §2.75 per head of population, while Canada buys to the annual value of ?'8.50 to §9 per head. If our imports from Great Britain were re- duced to the American level, the loss of of Customs revenue would be at least one- half, or $4,72.^,000, on the basis of the col- lections in 1889. In these two items we stand to lose, nay, are absolutely certain to lose, f^l2,100,0f)0 of Customs revenue under unrestricted reciprocity. How is the amount to be made up? Mr. Blake and the Globe say not by direct taxation. Yet distasteful as such a measure would be, it is inevitable if the Liberal policy of free trade with the United States should pre- vail. The project of unrestricted reciprocity involves discrimination against Great Bri- tain, that is to say, American products are to be admitted free of duty into the Do- minion, Avhile British products will be subject to the tarill' exactions of the Mc^ Kinley Bill. Some opinions upoif the propriety of such a course may be cited. As long ago as 1802, Sir Alex. Gait, then Minister of Finance of the old Province of Ciinada, dea't with the subject in a Mcmo- ramlum to Council, in which he said : — ["The undersigned can have no hesitation |in stating to Your Excellency that, in his ^pinion, the project of an American Zoll- S^ercin, to which the British provinces Ihould become parties, is one wholly incon- • listent with the maintenance of their con- u'ction Avllli Gi'eat Britain, and also )pposed, oji its own merits, to the inter- ests of the people of these' provi'ices. It Requires no great foresight to perceive fhat a zollverein means the imposition of duties by the Confederacy, on articles pro- duced outside of the Confederacy, coupled with free trade among its mem- l)ers. In other words, Canada would be required to tax British .^ouds while she admitted those of the United States free, a state of things that could only accom- pany the .severance of all the ties of affec- tion, nationality and interest that now unite Canada to the Motlier Country. It would also be essentially against the inter- ests of Canada, — Great Britain is to a far greater degree than the United States the market for Canadian produce— and com- mercial relations should therefore be extended with her, certainly not interfered with." The late Hon. George Brown has put i\\ record his views on the subject of trade relations with the United States. In 1870, when Mr. Ward introduced into Congress a bill for unrestricted reciprocity with Canada, Mr, Brown wrote :— " We, on our part, are not insensible of the loss and injury to both nations by the existence of a protective tarilF, and all the troublesome and irritating incidentals to such exclu- siveness on tlie part of our neighbours. But neither politically nor commercially does Canada need to change her position to secure a high degree of prosperity. In all that conduces to personal comfort and happiness, in the steadj^ development of home and foreign trade, in the extension of ptiblic enterprise, in the flourishing condition of our farmers, and in the un- limited scope for the emplojnient of a vast population, Canada has all that a nation can desire," The Draft Treaty, negotiated in 1874 by Mr. Brown, acting for the Canadian Gov- ernment, although wide in its scope, and embracing a numl)er of manufactured articles, contemplated Jio discrimination against Great Britain. The evidence on this i)oint is interesting. Defending the treaty from his place in the Senate in \y~t~\ Mr, Brown said :— " I come now to the objections which have been urged against the treaty from such (quarters as entitle them to a formal THE PEOPLES ALMANAC. 'ii \ answor. The lirst of thes • is the alk^gation that the treaty discr iiiiaated against Great Britain in favour of the United States. Nothing could he more unfounded than this. It was perfectly understood from the opening of the negotiations that no article could be free from duly in regard to the United States that was not also free with regjird to Great Britain, AND NOTHING ELSE WAS KVKR CONTEM- I'LATED FOR A MOMENT." There was a fear in England that diflfer- ential duties were contenipiiited in the project of 1S74, and representations were made to the Home authorities hy British exporters. Lord Carnarvon, Colonial Se- cretary, and liord Derby, Foreign Secre- tary, assured them that it was not contemplated to discriminate against British goods. Lord Uerhy said :— " It was the boundeu duty of Her Majesty's (rovernment to insist that Briiish trade should not be placed at a disadvantage, as compared with other countries, in any treaties which might be entered into on behalf of colonies ; and also to forbid the imposition of dilterential duties in favour of the United States as against Great Bri- tain, in any such treaty. " And he assured the deputation that " there was nothing in the proposed treaty to warrant the conclusion that the Canadian Government were in favour of such a distinction." The Toronto Maily discussing this ques- tion, stat-ed : — "We are authorized by Hon. Alexander Maciienzie to state that Mr. Macdougall is entirely mistaken in supposing that discrimination was sug. gested, or proposed, or permitted under the project of 1874. Mr. Mackenzie adds that he and his colleagues individually, and as a cabinet, were strongly opposed to discrimination against Englisli goods, and took special pains to provide against even the appearance of it." It is pertinent to remark that no scheme of unrestri(!ted reciprocity with the United States can possibly succeed, except on the (londition of tarilf discrimination against Great Britain. The Canadian Government has always favoured a liberal measure of reciprocity with the United States. The latest authoritative oiler on the part of Canada was made by Sir Charles Tupper, as a member of the Fishery Commission, on December 3rd, 1887. It was an unrestrict- ed otFer to the United States to take up the whole question of the trade relations of the t.vo countries and settle all difler- enc^s in a broad and liberal treaty, the exact language of the oiler beijig :— "That, with the view of removing all causes of diirerence in connection with the fisheries, it is proposed by Her Majesty's plenipotentiaries that tlie fishermen of both countries shall have all the privileges enjoyed during the existence of the fishery articles of the treaty of V/iushing- ton, in consideration of a nmtual arrange- ment providing for greater freedom of commercial intercourse between the United States and Canada." THE SHERMAN RESOLUTION. In the month of September, 1890, Hon. John Sherman introduced the following resolution in the United States Senate :— " Thiit whenever it shail be certified to ihe Pre- sident of the United Stittea that the Government of the Dominion of Canada shall, by law or regula- tion, admit free of du y into all its ports coal mined in the United States, and shall make procla- mation of the fact thereafter, while such law or regulation is in force, coal mined in the Dominion of Canada shall be admitted free of duty into all the ports of the United States, and whenever it shall bo du'y certified to the President of tho United States that the Government of the Domin- ion of C:>nada has declared a desire to enter into 8uch commercial arrangement with the United S iites ns will result in the complete or partial removal of duties upon trade between Canada and tho United States, he shall appoint three commis- sioners to meet those who may be Jesignated to represent the Government of Cmada to consider the best method of extending the trade relations between Canada and the United States, and to TlIK I'EOrLE-S ALMANAC. cept on the on against ascertain on what term.- greatir freedtin of inter- course between tbe two countries can best be secured; and said coinmi.-fioi.ers sba.l niiort to tbe President, who shall lay the rcixirt beforo ConKress, and the iiecessary expeiiccs ol the com- missioners appointe.! by the Pr >-iilenti inelu. ling their compensation at the Tiite of $10 a da each for the time necessarily cmploytd in .«aid duty, shall be paid out of the appropriation lor the col- lection of the customs revenue." The good faith of tlie Dominion Govern- ment in its desire to secure reeiprorul free trade with the United States was jjioved by the cordial reception this resolution of Mr. Sherman received in Cunadii. The Conservative press pronounced it a fair and reasonable method of ])rocedure, and Federal Ministers intimated that, if adopted by the American Senate, it would be acted upon ; but so hostile was opinion in the United Slates Senate on the ipies- tion that Mr. Sherman withdrew his reso- lution without even challenKiuM a vote upon it. CANADA'S EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES. The exports of agricultural produce from Canada to the United Stutes in the year ending June 30th, 1889, were as follows :— Ilorses $2,113,782 Flax $ 12l,W Cattle 483,266 Barley 6,154,603 Sheep 918,334 Beans 405,534 Poultry (live). 110.793 Peaa 312,650 Eggs 2,156,725 Hay 8l'2,.381 Poultry(dr'sd) 51,732 Potatoes.... Wool 216,918 Vegetables Hides 454,105 Butter Apples 230.108 Cheese Malt 105.183 Wheat Straw 192,576 52,G6tJ 7,879 31,473 26,591 19,8 7 Total $i:,293.9C7 Our principal exports to the United States of farm produce consistof live stock, eggs, barley and hay, these aggregating more than three-fourths of the whole trade. Applying the late and the present American duties to our exports, we have this result : — d duty. Horses $ •122,750 ('.live? Frte Hops hH3 iSheep 181.6(.6 I'oultry. live 11,079 Hiitttr ... 1,413 Chtete 11,89) K^'t:!' .. Mutton 7.39 Poultry, dressed r,173 Applet, dried. Ar'pii-'. Jireeti liurk-y i^J'.A'iO Beans :;0,282 tJata I,) Other vegetables 5,266 New duty. $ 5-8..S10 71,720 1,549 1.30.8.{1 46,5]) 2,!65 17,HJo 7i!0,-.50 1,479 n',ouo 3.113 723,0 2,'80,:«0 12 ,128 2, 17 49.804 '.',140 2,1 178 329,io2 5 J ,319 5 9 12 17:t,417 20,t.00 Totals $2,038,151 $:).09..,021 The increase in the American duties is thus .shown to be about three-fold, or from an average of 14 per cent, to an average of 40 per cent. Of the total increase of $1,()OO.OOU in the duties, one-half falls upon barley, iSTOJ.OOOon eggs, $72;?,0()0on apples, .^Itw.OtX) on hay, §100,000 on horses, ^TO.OOO on potatoes, and ^TS.OfX) on cattle. These are, indeed, the only items about which any concern need be felt, as the other articles of farm produce alFected by the McKinley bill are not shipped to the ' United States to any considerable amount. We sold our neighbors in 1889, $12,G5;5,000 worth of barley, eggs, apples, hay, pota- toes, horses and cattle, while of the same articles, we sold to other countries to the amount of §6,800,000, or a little more than one-half a.s much as to the United States, In the.se seven items of export, Ontario's trade with the neighboring country amounted to $9,700,000, Quebec $1,780,01)0, Nova Scotia $190,500, New Brunswick, .§2GG.00a, and Prince Edward Island, $420,000. THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. As for the trade in eggij cattle and sheep, there is reason to 1 ijlieve tlie loss of the American niarlvet nia/be more tlian compensated for by directing tlie export to Great Britain. Tlie average value of the cattle shipped to England i.s ^8^,20 per head, as against an average of $13 per head in the trade with the United States, this immense disparity being explained by the fact that calves, store cattle principal- ly, are sent to our neighbors, but if the animals are retained at home until ready for the British market, the additional price received ought to make the operation profitable. So in the case of sheep : our exports to England average $7 per head, while those to the United States have a value of only $3 per head. BRITAIN'S UNLIMITE'j MARKET. To aftbrd an idea of the market Great Britain olFers for agricultural produce, the following statement of quantities of such articles imported into the United Kingdom in 1889 is subjoined :— § m .1?;' ii ARTICLES. Horses No. Cattle " Sheep " Mutton Lbs. Pork *• Bacon and Hams ' " Beef, salted " •• fresh " Meats, canned. ••• " " all other,. . " Lard " Tallow and Stear- ine " Butter •' Cheese " Poultry* $ Hg^sa : Doz. "Wheat Bush. Barley " Oats " Peas " Flour Brls, Potatoes Bush. Onions " Apples " Flaxseed " I^lax, dressed and undressed Lbs, Wool " IMPORTED FROM i Other Canada. British PosaesHions. 119 81,M4 £5,857 m,m\ 33,29fi,l44: 1,086,064 1 16,5761 6,820.424; 130,3681 4,108,720: 1,218,448' 2,.545,984i 75,667,680 2.185,213 13,397 1,065,318 653,868 688,802 757,935 45 2,803 2,065 68,388,432 22.520 896 7,9.52 11,200,036 7,315,0.56 181.«88 3.5,168 49,880,656 1,986,768 813,680 788 174,140 10,8i2,(02 122,365 1,222 2 3,350 19,467 2,243,265 151,243 43,918: 11,328,296 3,907,680 559,903,850 United States. Other Foreign Countries. 236 294,391 18,691 180,208 21,506,352 384,130,096 2<,ltJ5,312 142,906,176 46,040,624 1,536,640! 128.821,840; 47,138,560, 12,352,704i 92,475,040 5,932 6,763; 1,285,570 31,750,201 906,819, 4''0,646i 649.208 i 5,624.483j 819380! 13,432 173.581 601,346 68,637^56 20,974,688 84,792,960 137,088; 1.081,136 11.685,856' 7.431,6481 611,620 41,093,808' 199,032,848 44,749,488 2.296,152: 94,150,890, 55,.52D,439: 39,572,941 52,169..544! 1,216,3781 1,918,548 1,236,997; 3,696,447 l,593,9i'6 6,827,664 173,883,584 124,521,S22 TOTAL. 13,832 556,222 677,958 137,106.49b 43 310,400 502,220,096 29,396,416 1^5,204,224 71,870,960 9,280,514 133,577,248 139,331,472 215,918,304 213,695,888 2.302,872 94,325,030 109,296,855 40,602,125 52,674,809 3.164,334 8,216,366 3,480,262 3,854,453 3,612,316 18,15d,96'J 177.791,264 696,011,487 Pkrcentaoe of Impobts from Canada. United States. 0-86 1-71 15-21 5302 8-24 2-76 .... 013 1-86 40-66 6-63 76-49 3-69 95.81 001 92.08 9-50 64.06 1-40 16.56 3-08 96-44 87 33-83 1-18 6-72 35-40 43-27 0-25 200 29'65 * * • • 2-23 0-03 0-93 33-67 20-52 7-96 68-45 • ' ' • 0-18 19 07 35-59 o'io 6-12 ' Value only. ^*^ ■tie principal- 's, but if the J until ready e additional he operation f sheep : our ^7 per head, tates have a roduce, the Kingdom in IRNTAOE OF ORTS FBOil United States. 1-71 5302 2-76 013 40-66 76-49 9581 92.08 64.06 16.56 96-44 33-83 6-72 43-27 0-25 29*65 223 0-93 20-52 68-45 o'is 35-69 0-12 THE PKOPLE'S ALMANAC. - THE Mckinley tahiff. The following is a comparative .statement of Customs duties imposed )>>• the United States under the old and tlie j)resent taritl" on articles of which Canada is a large exporter :— GRAIN, ic. OldTiiriff. New Tariff. Bnrley. per bushel KV. 3f c Barley malt, " itlc. 45o. Buckwheat. " I'H?. loc. Corn ** 10c. l^ic. Cornineal, " l"c. liOc. Oats, *' Kic. I5c. Oatmeal, per pound . ■- IJc Ic. Rye. per bushel 1 c lOc. Kje flour, per pound lie. jc. Wheat, i>er busiicl "Ic IItc. Wheat flour, Of/ rnionvi 2') i>-c. li) p.e. Bcens, per bushel 10 p. c. 4('c. Peae. frreen, " 10 p.c. 4f>c. Peas, drifd, " 3li..c. 20c. Peas, split, " 2)|'-c. 60c. DAIRY PRODUCE, Ac. OldTiiriff. NewTarifl. Butter, per pound )c. 6c. Cheese, *' -Jc. (ic. Milk, per gallon !'• p.c f'c. '• cdndensed.per lb. ... l:'' I'-c, .'!c. Egjrs. per dozen Free 5c. Honey, i>er gallon Mc. 2iJo. HAY AND VEGETABLES. Old Tariff. NewTarifl. Cabbages, each ... 10 p.e. 3c. Hay.perton .$2.00 $4.W Hops, per pi und 8o. 15c. Onions, per bushel 10 p.e 4<)c. Potatoes. '• 15c. 25c. Vegetables, preen l'( p.e. 2'>p.c. ■' preserved 3i)p.c. 4.') p.e. Straw Free 30 p.e. Teazles Free 30 p,c. Plants, trees, shrubs and v'nes Free 20 p.e. Gar.ien and agricultural seeds 20 p.e liO p.e. ANIMALS. Old Tariff, New Tariff. Horses and mules, per head ... 20p.c. $3\00 Provided that horses valued at $150 and over shall pay a duly of .SO per cent. Ciittle over one year, per head 20 p.e. $10.00 Cattle one year old or less. . . 20 p.e. $ 2.00 Hogs, per head 2Jp.c. $1.50 Sheep, one year over, per head 20p.o. . $1.50 oneep, less than one year, per head 20 p.e. 75c. All other live animals. ... 20 p.e. 2") p.e. Pouliry.live, per pound... 20 p.e. 3c. dressed " . . 10 p.e. 5c. MKAT,-. .Vc. Old Tariff. Lard, per |K>und 2c. Tallow •' V)vv\, mutton and pork, per pound Ic. l'>a<-on aiul hams, per pound 2c. Other meats 25 p.e. FRUITS. Old Tarifi'. \ pples, green, per bushel . Free " ilried, per pound.. . Fite Graiies, per barrel 2'j ji.c. Plumes and jirunes, ikt pound .... Ic. LUMBER. A( , Nfcw Tariff. Timber, hewn or fawed. and limber uuvd lor i-purs anl in builduig whurvef, uii vitliiiiin 10 I'.e Timber, sqared or sided, ni t hliccially y rovidcd for in this Act per cubic foot . ic, Suwcfl boanii'. iiluiik, deals and other liuubcr ot hem- lock, white wo(xl, syca- more, white nine and haFg- wood, I'cr thousand leet loard measure $1 (E.xctpt white pine, which wa.« by the old duty .•t;2 per 1 (lOO Icet), But when lumber ot any hortis pluLcd I r finished, in addition to the rates herein provided, there shall be levied and paid 1 or each side so planed or linishcd, fitty centi< per tloui-and feet Ixiard mea- sure : and if planed on one side and tongued and (grooved, ot.e dollar, per tho sand feet I oanl measure ; and it' planed on two sides and tongued and grooved, one dollar and lifty cents per thou- sand teet board measure; anil in estimating board measure under thissche- dulC) no deduction shall be made on boa id mea- sure ou account ot plan- ing, tongui g and grooy- ii g. Provided: '1 hat in case any foreign country fhall 'mpose an export duty upon piiic, spruce clmorother logs,or ujion (tave bolts, shinglewood or heading blor-ks ex. ported to the United ^tatt8 from such coun- try, then the duty upon the sawed lumber herein provided for, when im- I orted from such coun- try, shall remain tho same as fixed by law in force prior to the pan- sage of thia Act. New Tariff. 2c. Ic. 5c. 25 p.e New Tariff. 25c. 2c. ttlo. 2c. Old Tariff. 2(» I..C. Ic. <1 fl THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. Cedar — On and aftar Muroh li 1891. paving posits, rail- ruad tiod, and telephone ond telecrraph polus, of eeiiar, ad wtlorrm JO p.O. Free. Sawed boards,, plunk, deals and all forms of sawed •edar, iign im-vituB, lanoo- wood, ebony, boxi ma- buKiiny, rosewood, satin- wood aod all other oubinet woods not further inanu- iiuitured then aawed, (ui viUjreiH l5p.o $2perM. Vt'n«>erti of wood and wood, manufactured, not spc- « tally provided for, ad vulunm 2(1 p.e. *5 p.c. Viae clapboards, per thou- sand $1 $a Spruce clapboards, per thou- sand ...: $1.50 $1.50 Hubs for wheels, posts, la,ft- btockH, wagon-blocks, car- blochs. gun-b!ooksi heat* ijig blocks, and all blocks or sticks, rough-hewn or sawed only, ad valorem 30 p.c. 30 p.c. Houae or ca'oinet furniture of wood, wholly or partly ti nibbed : munufaoturcs of woo4.527 Tr,-'i r je Accounts 16,907,641 Miseeliaoeous 1,216,563 The net rate of interest paid on the debt of Canada was in 1868, 4.51 per cent., and in 1873 it was 3.70 per cent. Five years later, namely, in 1878, the rate was 3.68 per cent., or practically the same as when the Liberals came into office. Since then fur- ther reductions in the rate of interest, in other words, the cost of carrying the debt, have been made, the rate having been as low as 2.76 per cent, in 1884, while in 1889 it was 3.07 per cent. The advancing credit of the Dominion which these figures reflect is very gratifying. THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. BANKING OPERATIONS. The following statistics .ndicaCe the Kfowth of the husineHH of the Banks in Canada since Confederation, tin- llgures being fur Decenibup 3lst in eaci> year, except 1890, which are tor .5epteml)er IJOtli : DiflooanfA. 1468 $ 53,652,500 1873 119,647,;5 1S78 117.5y).319 Iffla. 148,63J,4!fl li88 165,002,718 1890 178,2u;J,7(JO $ H-).l'.»2.!)21 172,73r).'J9,{ 178,13S,495 228,lij;},«5,5() 255.348,112 2tj 1,700, V.W iroulatinn 18ft» 10,157,48;i 1873 29,01(i,6;>9 18 3 21,4.')5,641 18>.l 3:j,589,454 188«. 31,785,486 1891) 35^22,319 Public Der)08it». $ ■«i,5:B312 57,906,573 ♦W.405316 yii.609,74) 121,878,4:» 132,431,754 THE PEOPLE'S SAVINGS. The following is a statement of the deposits of the people in the chartered bankfl, savings banks, et-(\, since Confederutiun. The stationary character of the deposits during the era of liiberal rue is very noticeable. YEAR. lg6S. 1873. 1878. 1883. 1888. 1889. 1890, Chartered Banlii'. $ 39,528,812 57.906,573 66 406,516 96,609,746 121,878,438 126,243,755 132,434,754 Saviuge banks. ^*" tompanie?. $ 1,994,565 1 ',221.^93 14,898,010 36,575,010 53,892,122 55.348,082 $ 673,789 2.869,381 8,269,295 13,951,460 17.3(7.(3;^ 17,757,376 Other Savings Banks. ; 2,924,474 6,370,419 5,701 ,,553 9,047,005 10.744,298 11,166,978 Total Deposits. $ 4.1,121,642 77,367,799 95,275,377 156,180,224 203,821,894 210,816,196 DOMINION FINANCES. The accounts for the financial year ended on June 30th, 18(30, show a surplus of $4,004,218, the revenue being pu,.S(51,:i()8 and the expenditure $35,857,130. The in- come is the largest yet recorded, exceeding that of the preceding year by more than a million dollars, and that of 1888 by nearly four millions, the figures in detail being as follows ; 1878. 1888, Customs $ 12,782,824 $ 22,U5 926 Ezoise 4858,671 6,074,486 Post Office. l,aW.79 1 2,'.79,241 Public Works 2,034,483 3,556,101 Miaoellaneous 1,491,213 1,'95,709 Totals $ 22,375,0lT $ 33,9.8,463 1889. 1890. Customs $ 23,726,783 $ 23,971 ,;161 Exciao 6,856,738 7,601,426 Post Office 2.220,603 2,357,388 Publi^8 3;;,i,08.463 30,718,494 1S88-89 38,782.870 36,917,834 1889-90 £9361,368 35,857,130 In the first ten years after Confederatiou the public expenditure increased from $1:^,486,092 to $23,503,158, or by nearly 80 per cent. In the twelve years since elapsed, the expenditure haa increased from $23,503,158 to $35,857,130, or by a frac- tion over 50 per cent. DETAILS OF EXPENDITURE. The details of expenditure are available only up to 1889, being as follows Year. 1867-6S.. 1872-73. . . 1873-74. . . 1874-7f,... 1875-76.. l879-«0. . 1830-81... 1881-82... 1834-8.^. . . 1885-86... 1886-87.. 1887-88.. 1888-89.. Chnrgea on l>ebt. $ 4.800,757 5.387350 5,989,1^0 6,817,991 . 6,609,050 8.062.954 7,819,588 7,93'),348 9,808.977 10,483 929 9.970.671 l^,16(j,905 10,422,521 Subsidies to I'roviiices. $ :2,75?,S66 2 921.399 3,752,757 :H,750,Ohl 3,690,355 3,430316 3.455,5;7 3,530,919 3,959,?.23 4,132,525 4,109,341 4,188,513 4.051,427 Sinking Fund. $ 355,266 407.821) 513.920 r)55,77.T 822,953 1,105,867 1, ''.00.73 1 1,::90h24 1,482,0,U 1,606,270 1,59.\9 2 l,9o9,077 1.736,614 Collection of Kevenue. Other Expenditure. $ l,88.->.fi01 $ 3,f,3n,29H 3.3;^5.4T5 7,062,005 4,7:6.442 8.324,076 '^■•'"54 7.8(58,690 4.79f,L*38 8,569.774 5.227,113 6,963.852 5,683,153 7,293.563 6,016/)U9 8,293.461 7,19»,S76 •12,594.827 7,(»08,75I tl 1.930,134 8,378,0:6 11.548,688 8,789,764 ll,6.34,2;^i 8,872,338 11.8.'i2.<.M)2 Total Expenditure. $ 13,486,092 19,174,0)7 23,316,3113 23,713.071 24.488,.172 24,850,634 21,502,554 27,067.103 35.037,060 .39,011,612 35,057.(380 38,718.494 36.917.834 'Including $1.607,&51 t d» a,lT7.220 2.3 on account of Xorth-West rebeUiun. 50 do do do do THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. Percentage of duty on total valu'i of goods imported and entered for consumptfonr dutiable and free; amount of Customs duty paid per head of population, and percentage of expenses of collection of Customs revenue in the Dominion of Canada, during each year from 1868 to 1889, inclusive : — ♦Calculated on un Estimated population for 1887 of 4 R.')f).220. (to do do do H8Sof4.il4(i 4!»:. do do do do 1889 ol 5,075,*-55. Year. Percentagre of Duty on Total Value of (Joods Imported Dutiable and Free. Percentane of Duty on Totnl VmIuo of (iocds Enteitd for Consumprion, Dutiable and Free. Amount of Customs Duties Paid Per llcHd of Population. Percentage of Expenses of Collee*- tion of Customs Revenue, 186H p.c. 1200 11 78 12 0.5 • 12 32 ll'iO 10 17 11 25 12 48 13 70 12 63 13 74 1.") 78 Iti 34 17 5<3 18 18 17 52 17 32 17 -.55 18 60 19.87 20 *i3 21 60 P.O. 12 2) 12 31 13-28 l!-62 12-11 11) 20 11 82 12 83 1344 13 03 14 03 lO 10 19-70 20 19 19 27 18 82 18 64 18 61 19 .5 1 21-24 21 57 21 65 $ cts. 2 62 2 43 2 74 8 39 3 64 . 3 63 3 93 4 19 3 44 3 89 3 40 3 SO. 8 83 • 4 2i (• 5 02 . 5 26 4 63 429 , 4 49 • *l 63 ♦4 19 •4 6i p.0-. 05 09 18-.9.. 1870 07 (9 D5-4V 1871.. 04 2i 1872 Ig73 04-i'4 M 35 1871 04 5& 1«75 1870 C4 44 05 61 1877 1878 1S79 l^gO . 0575 05 5f 05 6G 05 041 18S1 mn 1882 03 cB. 1883 G)3 20, 1884 t3 9{V 188.') 18-1 o;^02. THE NATIONAL POLICY AND BRI- TISH CONNECTION. The allegation that the fiscal policy adopted in lS7fl has done much to injure British connection may saf'ft for answer to the observation and discern- ment of every intelligent Canadian. It is interesting, however, to examine the influence of that policy upon our trade with Great Britain and the I iiited States. In 1873 Canada purchased British goods to the value of f 6.S,.522,000, in ISTU to the value of $30,993,000, and in 1889 to the value of 042,317,000. I ti the first period our import trade from the mother country declined more than one-half. It was a period of severe commercial depression, of falling prices, fluring which the aggregate trade of the country suH'ered a -.erious shrink- age. It was also a period of low tarifi".. But murk the cour.se of trade with the United States. In 1873 we purchased from that counM-y to the value of ii?47 ,73.1,000, in 87i> to the value of ;i!4n,7;JD,(XK), and in 188J to the value of f .10,.527,0()0 ; that is to say, while under a low tarillthe imports from Great Britain declined «:^7,n00,0tH), those from the United States declined only $4,000,000; and while under the protective system imports from Great Britain have augmented $11,300,000, those fronii the United States have augmented less- than $7,000,000. A fiscal policy productive of these results cannot truthfully be des- cribed as hurtful to British connection. It may be said, however, that we buy more largely from the United States than from Great Britain. We have done so for a great many years ; we did so before the National Policy was established, and wo are likely to continue the practice indefi- nitely. T'.e excess of our purchases froni the United States over thos-e from Britain •was greatest between 1S E(?gs i9 91172 Logs and lumh'T 2 314 £86.' GJ Anthracte coal 24,415 5,1(« 610 Total $ J ,13.',320 $ 17,773,077 Now there is not one of the articles above enumerated the source of whose importation can be afiected by tlie tariff. If duties, high or moderate, were levied upon any one of them, the extent of the trade might be dwarfed, but the place of origin would not be changed in any de- gree. They are, for the must part, natural products which constitute the raw ma- terial of manufacturers, and are put on the free list for the purpose of encouraging and fostering industrial enterprise in Canada. More than one-third of our imports from the United States are era- braced in the list, and, as manufacturers grow and prosper in the Dominion, the purchase of these goods from our neigh- bors will increase ; but will any on6 pre- tend to say that the enlargement of an import trad*^ so constituted implies tariff discrimination against Great Britain, or tends to impair British connection ? Then, Canada buys a considerable quantity of farm produce from her neighbor, upon which duties are levied partly for revenue and partly for protective purposes. The list comprises natural products not ex- ported from Great Britain to any appre- ciable extent, as the following statement of imports into Canada during the fiscal year 1889 will show :— From From Great liritain. United States. Btaua $ 1C6 $ 19,18» Corn 1,266,9 Oats 281 21,54« Peas 444 «,56f Rye 56,61)5 Wheat 32 12J6i« Bran, meal and flour. .. 16,Tc9 1,452,488 Bituminous coal 161,4 3 3,091jJil2 Livestock 4,913 29»,3:J0 Butter and cheese 3:4S4 7 Lrd 219 634.425 Meats 4,378 1, 610,548 Total $ 191.96J $ 8.563,12J Here, again, Ave have a list of articles the source uf importation of which canJiofc be all'ected by the tariff, ultliouj.'h the ex- tent of the trade may be. Deducting these items of natural products, which England cannot furnish us with, however anxious we may be to buy from her, the relative value of imports into Canada stands thus: From Great Britain $40.99.3,1(0 From United States 24 ,201 ,241 The trade represented by these figures la principally hi manufactured goods of iron, cotton, wool, linen, etc., and the large excess of purchases from the mother coun- try indicates plainly that, whatever else it may have done, the National Policy has certainly not injured British trade. THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. EXPORT CATTLE TRADE. Total Export of Cattle from the Dominion since 1874 : — Year. 1874. 1875 1876. 1877 1878. 1879 1880 1881. 1882. 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 Horses. Number. ! Value. .5,:i99 4,:382 4,299 8,300 14,179 10,629 21,393 21,998 20,920 13,019 11,505 12,310 10,951 19.081 20,397 17,707 570,544 460 072 44. :« 77tvi';a l,27.3,-<.' I,;i70,7:>< 1,880,;J79 2,0J)4,037 2,32fi,037 1,0:«,291 1,017,829 1,040,503 2,2:^2,02:1 2,3i50,92i5 2,45^,231 2,170,722 Cattle. Number. Value. 30,623 38,968 25,357 2i!,656 29,915 40,ij6.1 4,914 6:1,277 62,100 (50,39(5 89,2(5.3 144,441 92,061 lie,4.32,320,4:3;3 192,4;k1,2;37 51,08.5,703 ia5,731,28S Implements Live stock Total*. 970,937,0:35 982,210,o'i4 081,30^0 ?4 18*5. l.'=;82. 626,42J,024 182,477,905 48,.5:5.),725 100,(590,080 6.32.342,500 132,711,575 37,027,815 80,540,720 9.56,1 '9.740 ?'^2,624.0I0 i i f9S§ THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. FIRE INSURANCE IN CANADA-AMOUNTS AT RISK, 1869 TO 1889. Year Ended 31st December. Fire jj Insurance, i 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 18T7. 1878. 188,359,809 101,594,586 228,453,7*1 251,722,940 278,754,8:J5 306,848,210 3(54,421,020 454,608, 180 420,342,681 400,890,701 1879 ; 407,;i57,985 Year Ended 31st December. 1880.. 1881.. 1882.. 1883.. 1.SA4.. 1885.. 1886.. 1887.. 1888.. 1889.. Fire Insurance. $ 411,563,271 462,210,968 526,a50,478 572,2fH,041 605,507,789 611,794,479 586,773,022 6:M,767,337 650,7*5,059 684,-538,378 When it i.s considered that the very lar^p increase in the amount, nearly ^500,000,« 000, represent.s a proportionate increa.se in the value of property and in the wealth of the people, it mu.st be admitted that the progres.s niivde during the period ha.s been considerable. AMOUNT OF LIFE INSURANCES IN FORCE IN CANADA, 1875 TO 1889. i Year. 1875 1876. 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 ias4 1885 im\ 1887 1888 1889 Canadian Corapanie>s. * ■ 21,957.29(? 24,f>19,2^4 26,870,224 28,656,555 3:^,246, .'543 37,8:^8,518 46,011, .501 .53,8.55,051 .59,218,»}«J',t (U),5iy,058 74,.591,i:«> 88,18I,8.-)0 101,79 s754 114,0.34,279 125,125,603 Briti.sh Companies. American Companies. ^ ¥ 19,4.5.5,607 43,om„m 1S..873,173 40,/28,461 10,:«9,2O4 30,468,475 20,078,533 36,016,848 10.410,820 :w,6i6,;i:jo 10,789,863 :«,()4:j,745 20,<)83,0S>2 :i(),26().240 22,32!},;«i8 ;i8,8.57,620 2:i,.51 1,712 41.471,5.54 24,317.172 44,61(J,.59<} 25,o:iO,372 49,440,7;i5 27,225,607 55,008,2;«) 28,16:<,329 61,7;«,187 :«),0(W,210 67,724,094 30,488,618 76,:My,392 Total 85,000,2()4 84,2.')0,9]8 85,(587,90:^ 84,751,937 86,273,702 01.272,130 10:3,290,932 115,042.048 124,19(5,875 1:15,453,726 149,002,14(5 171,:515,(59{5 191,(594.270 211,761,58;] 2:n ,963,702 Tl '* TT Tir miM I M XIII THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. CURRENT EVENTS IN 1890. Jan. 1.— Steamship "City of Paris" arrives at Queenstown from New York in 5 clays, 21 hours, 50 minutes, beating all eastward records. Mr. Joseph Hickson, General Manager G. T. R., Knighted, Forest Gate poor school, London, burned and 26 boys perish. Jan. 4.— City of Montreal adopts by-law giving a million dollars to improve the harbor front. Jan. C— Dublin City Council refubes to invite theQueen to open th" Exhibition at that city. Jan, 7.— Quebec Legislature opens. Empress Augusta of Germany dies. Jan. 8.— First steamship of new West India line leaves St. John, N.B. Jan. 14.— Field Marshal Lord Napier of Magdala dies. Jan. 15. — Berthier local election— Dostaler (Nationalist) elected over Savignac (Conservative) to Legislature. Jan. 16.— Parliament of Canada opens. Jan. 18.— Amadeus, Duke of Aosta, ex- King of Spain, dies. Jan. 20. — New Brunswick local elections — Blair Government sustained by a narrow majority. Jan. 22.— Colter (Liberal) unseated for Haldimand by the Supreme Court. Jan. 25. — Sir Francis Johnson installed as Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Quebec. Jan. 25.— Nellie Bly (Miss Elizabeth Bis- land) completed her journey around the world in T-i^ days, going ea^itward from New York. In 1S89 a copy of the London Times, going westward via the C. P. R. and Vancouver, reached the Times office in London in 69 days. Jan. 29. — Commons unanimously adopts Mr. Mulock's resolution affirming Canada's unalterable attachment to the Queen and the Empire. Jan. 30.— Manitoba and Ontario Legisla- tures meet. Prince Edward Island Provincial elec- tions— McLeod (Conservative) Govern- ment sustained by 2 majority. Jan. .31. — Quebec Legislature votes down a resolution by Mr. Desjardins con- demning the extravagance of the Nationalist Government. Feb- 1.— Thomas Norquay (son of the ex- Premier) elected to the Manitoba Legislature for Kildonan. Hon. L. R. Masson called to the Senate. Feb. 1.— Imperial Privy Council gives judgment in the case of Ratte vs. Chaudiere saw millers, giving plaintiff right to damages for obstructing the channel of the Ottawa with sawdust. Feb. 8.--London Times pays Mr. Parnell £5,000 in settlement of libel suit over the "Parnellism and Crime" charges. Mrs. and Miss Tracey (wife and daughter of Secretary Tracey) killed at Wash- ington during a Are in their house. Feb. 3.— Quebec Legislature adopts resolu- tion in favor of the extension of the northern boundary of the Province to Hudson Bay. Feb. ;j.-Mr. Tweedie, M.P.P. for North- umberland, appointed Surveyor-Gene- ral in New Brunswick Government. Feb. 4.— Senator John Macdonald, of Toronto, died. Feb. 4.— Quebec Legislative Council de- feats Mercier Government bill to allow a minister to hold a portfolio without occupying a seat in the Legislature. Feb. 6. —Two hundred colliers killed by an explosion at Abersychan, Wales. Feb. 7.— Duke of Orleans, claimant to French throne, goes to Paris, and is arrested and sentenced to two years' imprisonment. Feb. 9.— Cardinal Pecci, the Pope's brothen died. THE PEOPLE'S ALMANAC. A Feb. 10.— Bill to incorporate the Loyal Orange Association of B. N. A, passes second reading in the House of Com- mons by 85 to 69. Feb. 11.— The Manitoba Legislature, by a vote of 27 to 6, passes a bill to abolish the use of French in the Legislature's proceedings. Feb. 12, — Thomas Kane hanged at Toronto for wife murder. Report of the Parnell Commission sub- mitted to Imperial Parli.iment. Feb. 12.— John R. Mott, of Halifax, dies, leaving ^250,000 to charity. Feb. 14. — Toronto University burned. Feb. 15.— Peter McLaren, of Perth, Ont., called to the Senate. Count Julius Andrassy, ex-Premier Austria-Hungary, died. Feb. 20. — Haldimand election — Montague (Conservative) elected over Colter by 227. Nova Scotia Legislature Opens. Feb. 21.— House of Commons votes on Sir John Thompson's amendment to the McCarthy bill to abolish the use of French in official proceedings in the North-West The amendment declar- ed that after the next elections the North-West Council shall have power to deal with the issue ; carried by 117 to 63. Feb. 24. — U. S. House of Representatives, on 8th ballot, declaie« that the Colum- bian World's Fair sha,l! be held at Chicago. March 3.— Manitoba Legislature votes in ' favor of abolishing exemptions from taxation. March 4.— Great Forth Bridge opened. March 4.— First division of the session in the Ontario Legislature shows a Gov- ernment majority of 10. March 6. —Conservative Opposition at Que- bec quits the Legislative Assemblj- chamber on David's motion condemn- ing Imperial Federation, because the Nationalist majority refused them per- mission to declare their views against annexation and in favor of British connection. March 7.— Hon. Oliver Mowat presented with a portrait of himself by his admirers in the Legislature. March 8. — Investigation begun at Quebec in the Polette library job. It was shown that the Nationalist Govern- ment paid $1,000 more for the books than the family received. Dominion Government vetoes the Mani- toba municipal taxes bill. March 9.— Seven members of the Colarette family burned to death at St. Michel. March 11. — Imperial House of Commons adopts the report of the Puriiell Com- mission. March 13. Manitoba Legislature passes the second reading of tile blU^o abolish separate schools in the Province. Quebec Legislature votes ?10,(J(X) to aid in restoring the burned Toronto Uni- vei-sity by 2M to 19. March 14. — Tirurd's ministry in France resigns. DeFreycinet called to the Premiership. Manh 17.- Lismarck resigns the German Chancellorship. Gen. Von Capri\i appointed his successor on lyth. March 19.— Manitoba Ley:isliiture adopts resolution in favor of unrestricted reciprocity. 3Iarch 20. —Foreign Affairs Committee of the U. S. House of Representatives instructs Mr. Hitt, the chairman, to report to the House in favor of ap- pointing Commissioners to lU'gotiate for unrestricted reciprocity with Can- ada. March 21. — Imperial House of Commons, by vote of 201 to 139, rejects Labou- chere's motion in favor of the alx>lition of hereditary representation in Parlia- ment. Gen. Crook, famous Indian fighter, falls dead at Chicago. March 25. — New extradition treaty between Great Britain and Canada promul- gated. ■e i i March 27.— Hon. G. E. Fost/«'r makes his Budget speech in the House of Com- mona, aanouncing a surplus for '888- 8P of $1,865,085, and anticipating one of $2,700,000 for 1889-90. March 27.— Ontario Legislature, oy vote of oi to 33, rejects Mr. Meredith's bill for giving the public schools precedence oyer sepai-ate schools in the collection of school taxes. March 21. —Division in the P. E. I. Legi.s- Latnae shows a Government majority of I. March 29.— Steamship " City of Par in " arrives at Queenstown with her machinery smashed to pieces. Andrew Robertson, Chairman Montreal Harbor Trust, died. March 31,«-PreTnier Mercier retracts and amends motion to expel Mr. Leblanc from the Quebec Legislature, for hav- ing mads the Table Kock charges against the Nationalist Governm:5,(X)() and sold in a few months for $12,00*^ By the deal the Provinc*? lost $9,(>0i). April 1.— Mr. Periey, M. P. for Ottawa, died. April 2. — Quebec Legislature adjourned. Mr. Hugh Mackay, prominent Montreal merchant, died. April 3.— Steamship "China" makes run from San Franci.si-o to Hon;? Kong in 2iJ days, boating the record by two days. April 4.— Sherirts Chauveau, of Montreal, and AUeyn, of Quebec, died. A-pril .5.— W. C. McDonald announces his gift of ^1.50,00.) to endow the Faculty of Law of McGill ColI"ge, anrl that he will erect a building for the Faculty of Science. Donald Chisholm, M. P., died at New Westminster. Judge Botsford killed at Moncton, N. B. April 7. — Ontario Legislature ad'ourns. April 8.— House of Commons, by 97 to 60, rejects Sir Richard Cartwright's amendment to the Budget resolutions condemning duties intended to pro- mote Canadian industries. April 12.— New Tipperary town opened by the Irish Nationalists. April 13— U. S. Congressman S. .J. Randall, famous protectionist Democrat, died. April 15.— Mr. Landry, M. P. for Kent, N. B., appointed a Judge. April 15.— Nova Scotia Legislature ad- journs after the Council had rejected a ' "11 to abolish itself. April 17.— Scott Act repealed in Portland, N. B. April 21.— John Millar, B. A., of St. Thomas, appointed Deputy Minister of Education fon Ontario. Edmond Larue, vM. P. P. for Rouville, died. April 22. — Hon. A. M. Ross, Commi-ssioner of Education in Ontario ministry, announces his retirement. April 23. — New Brunswick Legislature adjourns after the Legislative Council, by 7 to 5, rejected a motion for its abolition. April 25.— Principal McGregor, of Toronto Baptist College, died. April 2;). — Ottawa city election— Mackin- tosh (Cons.), elected over Hay (FSqual Rights) and Chrysler (Lib.) ; vote standing 2,4.>4, 1,.'>97, and 1,242. Chief Crowfoot, noted leader of the Biackfeet, died. April 29.— House of Commons adopts Mr. Blake s motion in favor of the opinion of a high judicial authority being had on questions of law and fact, when it is considered wise to exercise the veto power in the case of provincial legis- lation. Newfoundland delegates at Halifax appeal for Canadian sympathy in the French shore dispute. April 30.— House of Commons, by 130 to 32, rejects Mir. Charlton's motion 5 J THK PEOl'LKS ALMANAC declaring the constitutionality of the Quebec Jenuits Estates' Act should have been submitted to the Supreme Court. Mrs. Catherine Matthews, said to have been born in 17rt2, atKi]glaH8, Couniy Sligo, died at Strathroy, Ont., aged 108. May 1.— Foundation stone of the John Carruthers science hall of Queens University laid at Kingston. May 2.— Mr. Rykert, M. P., resigns. May 4.— A gathering of 170,000 workers head a labor demonstration at Hyde Park, London. May 6. — Longnc Pointe Asylum, Montreal, burned li8 inmates perish. May 7.— Bridge at Needles, Cal., connect- ing Arizona and California, completed, the cantilever span, SCO feet, being the longest in tlie world. May 8.— Quebec Legislature dissolved, Mr. Robidoux, M. P. P. for Chateauguay, being appointed Provincial Secretary. May 12.— Mr. Hudspeth, M. P. for South Victoria, died. May 12. — House of Commons adopts reports condemning Mr. Rykert for having, as a member of Parliament, been guilty of .scandalous and cornipt conduct in connection with the Sands timber limits deal ; andcensurijngGen. Middleton for having acted wrongly in connection with the Bremner furs during the North-West rebellion. May 13.— Contractor Whelan p:ijs Mr. Pacaud (Mr. Mercicr's friend and poli- tical confidante) §10,000, the consider- ation promi.sed being the insertion in the Provincial estimates of a sum of $150,000 to pay Mr. "Whelan's claim for extras. The item was inserted. Later Pacaud received ?.'),000 r^ore on the same plea, and later again made a demand for !^1.^,000 additional. May 16.— Parliament adjourned. May 17.— Schooner "Jessie Breck" found- ers off Nine Mile Point, Lake Ontario, the whole crew of eight men perishing. May 17.— S. S. Howland's (Toronto) borne Ontario, at Washington, beats the high jumping record by clearing seven feet. May 20.— Mr. Arthur Boyer, M, P.P. for Jacques Cartier, appointed a member of the Quebec Ministry without port- folio. May 21.— Nova Scotia Provincial elections -- Mr. Fielding's Government sustained by a large majority. May 2^i.— Mr. Rykert re-elected to the House of Commons for Lincoln. V. S. Supreme Court declares that execu- tion by electricity is constitutional. Masonic Grand Lodge of Missouri declare that saloon keepers shall not be members of the order. May 24.— Chief Justice Johnston, of Que- bec, made a Knight, Col. Gzowskl^ given a K. C'. M. G., and Mr. Griffin ex Deputy P. M. General, a C. M. G. United SUtes Presbyterian Assembly apjKMuts a committee to revise the Confession of Faith. May 2.}.— George Francis Train reaches Tacoma, having made the westward journey round the world in 07 days, 1.'3 hours, 3 niinutes and 3 seconds. May 20. -Judge lk>langer, at Beauharnois, decides that Huntingdon's no-license by-law is illegal, and that the Provin- cial statute on which it is based is ultra vires. May 20.— Prince Albert Victor of Wales created Duke of Clarence and Avon- dale and Earl of Athlone. June 1.— Prince Arthur and Duchess of Connaught arrive in Montreal from India over the C. P. R. June 4.— Sanfoin wins the great Derby race. June 4.— The Duke of Orleans set at liberty by the French Government. June 5. — Ontario Provincial elections result in Mr. Mowat's Government being sustained. June 6,— Methodist General Conference at Ottawa protests against the Canadian TPIE PEOPLE'H ALMANAC. Ordei of Precedence a.s unwarrant- ably favoring EpLMCopally governed churches. June 8.— Mi.ss Phillippa Garrett Fawcett wins the highest honors in math<- naatics at Cambridge University ex- aminations. Juue 11.— Rev. Dr. Laing, of Dundas, elected Moderator of the Presbyterian General Assemljly. June ll.--The fresdom of Edinburgh con- ferred on Henry M. Stanley. June 13.— White Star steamer "Doric" claims to have made fastest voyage round the world in 77 days, 6 hours and .50 minutes, sailing 28,(X)0 miles. June 13.— British Columbia Provinsiul elections — Conservative Government sustained. Juno 14. — Henry Smith hanged at London for wife murder. June 14. — Sir Julian Paunceforte, British Minister at Washington, delivers to Mr. Blaine, L^ S. Secretary of State, a protest against any interference with Canadian sealers in Behring Sea, and declaring that Her Majesty's Govern- ment must hold the Government of the United States responsible for the con- sequences that may ,ensu« from acts contrary to the established principles of interactional law. June 17.— Quebec Provincial elections— Mercier ministry sustained. June 17.— Cholera is reported at Puebla de Rugat, in Spain. Great Britain agrees to cede Heligoland to Germany in return for African con- cessions. June 19. — Mr. De St. Georges, M. P. for Portneuf, died. New Westminster, B. C, elects Mr. Carbould (Cons.) to the House of Com- mons. June 20.— Peter Davis hanged at Belleville for the murder of Wm. Emory at Marmora. Fritz Rand(jlph Dubois hanged at Que- bec for the murder of his wif'j and three children at St. Alban. June 23,— Nt'w Brazilian Republic's con- stitution promul.c^ated. June 2f).— Lieut. -Governor McLelan, of Nova Scotia, died. June 28.— Lord Carnarvon, who carried the Canadian Confederation Act through the Imperial Parliament, died. June 30.— Mr, Charles Langelier, M. P. P. for Montmorency, appointed a member of the Quebec ministr}', • Financial year ends with a surplus in the Federal Treasury of $4,004,238, Gen. Middleton resigns the command of the Can