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Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la derniire image da cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbolic ••^signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". IVIaps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seui clichd, il est filmd A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la niAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 FROM THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYaL SOCIETY Of CANADA SECOND SERIES— 1897-98 VOLUME III SECTION IV OBOLOOICAL AND BIOLOQICAL SCIENCES ■w-m M m JOHN GOLDIE, BOTANIST By G. U. HAY, Ph.B., M.A. POP UALB BY J. DURIB ft SON, OTTAWA; THE COPP-CLARK CO., TORONTO BERNARD QUARITCH, LONDON, ENGLAND 1897 "t '/o ^^'L ^s. ^ 8KTI0N IV., 1897. [128] Tmijs. R.S.C. » \.—.John Goldit, Bolaniit. By G. U. Hay, Ph.R, MA. (Keamt ..f hi. ohsorvations -" »'''' ';;,,^. . ,i,,,ribea in this diury, wa. which Mr. ./*u».. unu „,,,,« to present to .are fern in this part of Canada ^ w • . ^^^^1^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^. ^^^^ ^^^,, Mr. Goldie's son, on his visit to M. .lou . living specimens of this tern ^^f ' ^i;;^:^: ' ^irkoswold, Ayi-shire, Scot- John (ioldie was born ,n the 1"^"'* ■ j„,v. 188.5, u. „„.,, on the 2ls, of March 17'..3. ^^'\^-l;'J^';^ %, ,.;,e,. of plants, the ',>4th year uf his age. In eai ^} .^^^^^^^^ pleasure, and tnaking collections a.. ^^'>^;;:^^,,,, ,,te,..vards entered the Heserve.1 an app.vnt.cesb.p as a ^^_^^^ ^^ thorough scientific and .ilasgow Botanic Gardens. '">'» ' ^^^^ ^,^^^^,^,^^,^,, fr„„, the Univei-sity j.vaHical training in hotan>. " ,; , ,,„. ,uill in langimge and ;.. Glasgow, where he was >^ '"^^^^^ ,^ ,,„a ,, expedition .eience. In l.i:^, the Engl.sh *--; -^, ^^, ^j,,, M.Goldie applied ,o the west coast of Atr.ca to ^^'^^^^ ^^,,,,,,,,^ ,, bis passing the ,. an.l obtained the V^^^^^^^.W cKa.n.no. he proceeded to miuired e..a,n,nat,..n. I. -« - .uonun, was superseded through ,,, iJbotan,st. -^»^;;;7':"^::^Xr:,.t Hooker, afterwards Si. luthespnngofl«17.b.vtheah.u ot ^^^^.^. ,„ied by h.s Williatu Hooker. Mr. ^^f^!^^^^ '^.T^ leather the vessel was b..otber-in-law. «-»;-; „f-^,^,\, rtho ship and spent several days ■ TAspidinni Goldianum, Hook. iMAYl JOHN GOLDIK, BOTANIST 117 iiKMitioiiM sovoiiil iiite'resting pluiits, ainonj;- tliein a yclk>w flowerini variety of Siirrareniii. purpurea, whient «ome time. He often me.itioned the beautiful orehid — Cali/pnoborenUs — found near the Buie de ChaieurH. He made numerous sketches of the cou«t seenerv. with notes on the geology and botany of the various places visited. From New Brunswick he i)roceeded to (Quebec, carrying wilh him ail the ro.)t!' and specimens that he hud obtained, which, with the r'jsultg of tv'i. wfk?' explo'uii-^r in the neighbourhood of Quebec, he place<' ( n board a ves.sel bound for (irt'enock, but never heard of them atterwar.l.-*. The same fate awaited two collections afterwards made, the one shipped from New York, the other from Montreal. From (Juebec Mr. (ioldic proceeded to Montif-al, where he met Fred- erick Pursh. . Mthor ol the North American I'lora. who gave him much i'-formation which guided him in his future movements. Mr. Pui-sh a''vis d hi.-.i io turn his ct.urj.e to the northwest and promised to secure for !,'m permission to avcompatiy the trailei-s leaving .Mont real the follow- ing spring. I .-hall let Ml-, (roldie tell hisowi story of liis wanderings in America, with its iiardships and disappnjn'nunts. quoting from the Edinbunih Philosofhiiid .lourii'.il . '•Leaving Montreal. I travelled on fool to Albany, and then pro- ceeded bv water to Nc.v York. I remained but a short time in this last jilace. tor 1 explored the eastern part of New Jersey, a countrj- which, tlinugh barren and thinly inhabited, yet presents manj- rarities to the lii'tanisi. and gave me more graiiticalion than any part of America that I have ever seen \\ a jilace called (Quaker's Hridge 1 gathered some most interesting plants, and btiving accumulated as large a load as mj- back would carry, I took my inui-ney to riiiladeli>liia, where I .staid but a very short time , for, knowing that a ship was ai)oul to sail from New York to Scotland. 1 hastened to return thither; and having again entrusted my treasures to the deep. I had again, as tlie lirst time, the disappoint- ment of never obtaining an}- intelligence whatever of them. '• .My tinances being now extremely low. and winter having eom- nienced, 1 hardly knew wluit to do ; but after some delay went up the Mohawk river, wiiere I found emitloyment du'ing that season as a school- master. I quitted this place in April. 1818. and proceeded lo Montreal, expecting to be ready to depart on my journey towards the northwest country. I was disappointed in finding that Mr. Pursh iiad left Montreal for Quebec, and that even if present, his interest would scarce have iieen sutliciontly strong to have obtained for me the assistance and protection which I desired Mj- only aliernative was now the spade, at which I worketl all summer, excepting only two days in each week, which I de- voted to botanizing, and went also a little way up the Otoway or (irand J - X ■ 128 ROYAL SOtlFrV OF CANADA nv.-r. tho only i'xcm-Nion of any k-n^Mli wl.ich I ac-coiniilishol. In tlie- Hutunin I 8hipm-(l my collection of plunts, und in two months hud the mortification to loarn that the vedsei wuh totally wmked in tho St. Law- n-nee. Thus did I loso the fniil of two y.-uis'labour. Durii.jf the next winter I did little, except employing myself with such small skill as I wa» able m designing some flowei- pieces, for which I got a trifle. Karly in the following spring I commenced labour again, and by the »)eginning <.r June had amassed alnrnt Hfty dollar.,, which, with us muoli more that I borrowed from u friend, formed my stock of money for the next summer's tour. I started in the beginning of .fune from .Montreal, and iiassing- through Kingston went to New York, to which, after an excursion to Ljike Simcoe, 1 returned ; then visited the Falls of Niagara and Fort Krie. and crossed over to the Tnited States, keeping ahuig the eastern side of Lake Erie for ninety miles. I afterwar.ls took a direc t course t.> Pittsburgh on the Ohio, which, owing to the advanced state of the seascm was the most distant point to which I could attain. On my .^etu^n f kept along the side of the Alleghany river to Point Oilcan, in tiie state of New York; then visited the >ult works of Onondago an.l Sacketfs Harbour on Lake Ontario, whence, proceeding to Kingston, I packed up my whole collection, with which I returned to Montre.-vl, and emba-king on a vessel which was bound to Greenock, got safelv home ; the plants which I carried with myself being the whole that 1 saved out of the pro- duce of nearh- three years sj)ent in botanical ivsearches. " In spite of the ill-fortune which has hitherto attended my endeav- ours. F have still so givat u desire to bring plants and .seeds to this country that I purpose, in the ensuing spring, if my pecuniary circum- stances will permit me, to make another excuiNion to that country for the purpose of exploring the forests which lie towanl the west." Mr. Goldie was not able to carry out his intentions. In 1824 he was employed by the Kus.^ian government to assist in the- formation of the new Botanic (larden.^ at St Petersburg, after which he (-btained passports to visit different parts of Ku.ssia and was thus enabled to examine its plants. When he returnes/,ermum lineanfuNum luid Primula piiMlii. Tho Primula, ns ti^uitMl in the |ilate in tlie PhUoMophit -if Journal of 1822, in a beauMfnl little plant not excwdini^ two or thr.-o imhos in height. (Quoting from .'Ir. (ioldies di'striptioii : "From P. miatuisinica it dilfeiM by its verj' much Hmallor dimensions, shorter cap- sules, and particularly its flowers, of which the calyx is oblonf^ and almost vqual to the tube of tho corolla in length. Tho divisictns of tho corolla are considerably broader and more obtuse— more resembling those of P. farinosa, or even P. Scot ira, from which two species again the form of its leaves keeps the P. pusilla distinct. The flowers are from four to eight in number." What has become of this plant ? Was Troldie mistaken in its idan- tity ? ''(iprifo/umpiibesceus, now Loni.-era liirsiita, and XyloHteumohlomji- folium, now Lonlccnt oblonijifolin. are two new plants (IcscHIkmI by Mr. (ioldi«. The latter plant, known as the Swam|> honeysuckle, was found on Montreal island, and has not since been found east of that place until last summer, when the writer discoveivd it in tho northern part of New Brunswick. In hi^: description of Viola Selkirkii there are two points which I cannot make as,'ree with the plant as I have seen it. He describes its general asi)ect as very similar to that of Violo hlandn, and gives July as its time of flowering. Tho plant flowers with us early in May— I have seen it in flower in April— anes, Ranunrulus rhomholilem and Cori/dalis Cnwi'lensis (perhaps the <'. ijlaum of Pursh) were also discovered by him. He ai)pears to have made a mistake in Hahenaria orhiculatn, a largo form of which he takes for a new species—//, wacrophijlla. He says: "^ "Of all the orchidoous plants I have seen in America, this is without a lane orbicular approaching to elliptical leaves, . . which in this plant are four times as large as those of B. orbirulata, measuring six to eight inches in length." He also describes the flower as white. All who have met with this remarkable plant, with the many M 180 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA vn notion tiiul shiipcmii' itrt li«\ ex, will hardly Jilnnif Oohiie for IiIh mis- take if iniMtuke it whs. Last ■^umnuT I t'ound iii the rith w<)0(llHn{ in tropical lixuriance, with ieavos roundiHh- ovhI, from seven to mght inches in length, and a spike of white flowem fully six inches long. The Onminiilfi •ihitit of (Joldie, (oiuid on the island of Montreal and along the Ottawa river, has few sjiecitic ditl'erences to distinguish it fron* 0. i-inmiutomea. but these are well marked, and Macoun and Burgess have i)laced it in their monograph on the I'erji-* of Canadii as u variety of (>. linnamomea. siltpitliuin Goldianum is thus descrilied : Fi*om one and a half to two feet in height. Allied to Aspldinm rristutuni more than to any other 8i)ecie8 in the genus ; but abundantly distinguishable by the greater breadth of the frond, which gives quite a ditt'erent outline, and by the form of the i)innii', which are never broader at tbe base, but are, on the contrary, narrower than several of the segments just above them. These segments, too, are longer and narrower, slightly falcate, and those of the lowermost pinna- are never lobed. but simply serrated at the margin. The sernitures are likewise terminated by more decided, though short spin ules. The frurtifi<-ati'in.-< are central, near the mid fib. and this circum- stance prevents the si)ecies from bearing, as it would otlicrwisi' do, n» inconsiderable aHinity to .1. marijinale. "Specimens of this jilant. cultivated in the Botanical (tarden at 'fllasgow, from roots which I brought from Canada, retain all the chai- act'Ms which 1 have above described."