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 1 
 
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N 
 
 G 
 
5XH&X: 
 
 THE 
 
 NORTH-AMERICAN 
 
 AND THE 
 
 WEST-INDIAN 
 
 G A Z E T T E E R, 
 
 ►<S 
 
 -X4&^: 
 
\ 
 
 THE 
 
 NORTH-AMERICAN 
 
 AND THE 
 
 WEST-INDIAN 
 GAZETTEER. 
 
 '■-il 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 An Authentic Defcription 
 
 OP TMB 
 
 COLONIES AND ISLANDS 
 
 IN 
 
 THAT PART OF THE^GLOBE, 
 
 SH5WING THEIR 
 
 SITUATION, CLIMATE, SOIL, PRODUCE, and TRADE; 
 With their Former and Prefent Condition. 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 An exaft Account of the Cities, Towns, Harbours, Ports, Bays, 
 Rivers, Lakes, Mountains, Number of Inhabitants, «c. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS, 
 
 f -. r^^ ^^ n ^ ^ 
 
 THE SECOND EDITION* 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for G. Robinson, Pater-Noftcr-Row. 
 
 M DCC l-XXVIII. 
 
p. 
 
SS' 
 
 4 
 
 f 
 
 iS^ 
 
 =!>•* 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 A HE continuation of the difturbances In North 
 America exciting the attention of the natives of Bri- 
 tain, renders any apology for the re-publication of the 
 following pages entirely unneceflary; the de^gn of 
 them being to give a faithful defcription of the dif. 
 ferent countries known by the names of North Ame- 
 rica and the Weft Indies, their fituation, trade, extent, 
 boundaries, and number of inhabitants ; the impor- 
 tance of which renders them fo interefting, both in 
 the fyftem of commerce and of politics, as to make a 
 particular defcription as neceflary as it is ufeful. The ' 
 various changes that have occurred in the face of af- 
 fairs in this part of the world, have rendered all former 
 accounts of it imperfeft and contradiftory : a new de- 
 fcription was therefore highly necefTary ; and there 
 being no book extant which gives a concife and ge- 
 nuine account of this part of the globe, as it now ex- 
 ifts, prompted the prefent Editor firft to attempt this 
 performance ; which having met with the approbation 
 of the Public, induces him to give another edition, in 
 
 compilin* 
 
 'S 
 
ill 
 
 ill ( 
 
 1 
 
 P R E F A C -.. 
 
 compiling which all authentic accounts lain before the 
 Public with any authority, any ways relating to this 
 fubjca, have been confulted, and extradh made from 
 a variety of original minutes and memoirs, on which 
 depcndance could be placed ; amongft which is the 
 valuable Weft -India Atlas : — all which materials 
 have been difpofed in as clear and concife a manner 
 as the nature of the work would admit, or the extent 
 of the materials allow : its moft material occurrences 
 have been remarked, and every memorable event in- 
 ferted, which any way concerned the fituation of the 
 Colonies, as well as the principal rivers, mountains, 
 towns, harbours, and their conditions, the nature of 
 the climate and foil, its produ6lions, trade, fliipping, 
 &c. But as many alterations are daily taking place, 
 occafioned by the prefent unhappy difference between 
 Great-Britain and her Colonies, it is hoped, when 
 thefe alterations are not taken notice of in this work 
 it will be overlooked, fuch events having happened 
 either fince that part was printed off, or before any ac- 
 count of them arrived in England, 
 
 INTRO. 
 
in before the 
 iting to this 
 I made from 
 s, on which 
 /hlch is the 
 h materials 
 e a manner 
 r the extent 
 occurrences 
 le event in- 
 tion of the 
 mountains, 
 e nature of 
 r, fhipping, 
 king place, 
 ce between 
 'ped, when 
 this work, 
 f happened 
 3re any ac- 
 
 NTRO- 
 
 >c<x;:- 
 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 B, 
 
 BEFORE the invention of the mariner's compafs there 
 was no probability of any great improvements in navigation, 
 or of the diftovcry of any land remote from the continent 
 of Europe. But the amazing progrefs made in the diffe- 
 rent branches of literature, and arts, iu the fifteenth cen- 
 tury, enabled feveral ingenious men to make many valua- 
 ble difcoveries, and proved a fortunate »ra to focietyi 
 nor were they long without their proper eflfeas. Indeed, 
 from the invention of printini^, 1441, may be dated the pe- 
 riod from whence learning had its greateft encouragement. 
 Soon after this, difcoveries m navigation began at the Canarf 
 JJes, and a few years after at the Cape de Ferd IJlands. Thefc 
 fuccefles animated both the men of genius, and the enter- 
 prizing feamen, to carry their fpeculations into aftual 
 praftice ; and being furnifhed with fuch an inftrument, 
 they boldly ventured to fail on the pathlefs ocean, and 
 made excurlions from the European coafts ; in hopes of 
 difcovering new countries. Various expeditions were un- 
 dertaken, feveral of which proved abortive, but even 
 thefe furnilhed obfervations of the greateft importance to 
 future navigators; as it is generally allowed, that one of 
 thefe voyages furnilhed Columbus with the firft idea of" 
 thofe extenlive difcoveries he sifterwards accompliflied. A 
 notion at that time prevailed, that a great part of the ter- 
 reftrial globe was undifcovcred, which opinion was fup. 
 ported by the writings of the antients ; anJ this ens/aj?ed 
 the attention of feveral Princes, and increafed the delire of 
 difcoveries. Till the end of the fifteenth century, the 
 whole known terreftrial world extended no farther than 
 Europe, Afia, and Africa. But, however ftrongly the 
 notion prevailed, that there was land to the weftward of 
 Europe, none undertook to prove the truth of it till Chrif, 
 topher Columbus appeared, who being perfuaded that 
 there was another continent on the weft, or at Icaft that 
 
"« «lic ili(.«p|<oitiitn(tu \\ 
 
 
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 K «'* « iH'Kcvcimj^ 
 
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 i«»p hi!» 
 
 tM>t \u\v hr (ouiul 
 
 i>»ioni, he irliilal ( 
 
 nil 
 
 I 
 
 fvriv moriifyinK ..hjrOlluh th 
 
 OMK- yi'ai> J 
 
 l»«* u«y wiihm.t « cH,r^| ,r|\,r.,|. ami 
 
 lo 
 
 tic 
 
 «^>vokr him to Jiroovci all j,c k 
 
 him of I he h 
 
 onour iiiul «vlv«nt 
 
 Kiivil with (\ivh u 
 
 u)\vn Ml 
 
 t'vciy nuMJuul iifril 
 
 nrvv, that ihvy mu^Iu 
 
 •'♦Kc lulling tiom ihc 
 
 Inu hi» 1>r.»thcr Banh..! 
 
 nijrndoiin hchav 
 
 I'^mcw to l<:n«Iaiu), with 
 
 uuir, he 
 
 vniir (amr kuul. to Kiiu Ifo, vV '» *'''^'' "'" 
 
 Ihintv m . »-h;mr.;.,.r. K..." '^"?^^'"». «li'«n h;uaul .mv 
 
 K <n » chiiunuiii tthr 
 
 i»><\ rtnvl ihcivfoif 
 
 l;(yiK.ii:wn,.;r!;^hic^;;::i!r^i'"^''"«'''^ 
 
 tho fihrmf of 
 
 n>ttnv oth 
 
 llill fully pnCuailrtl'of iho 111 
 
 pri (oi 
 
 Kivc oroiwhiliiu-J 
 
 I* J Columhiis, uho 
 
 uas 
 
 to tho Cvv.rt of Sp«in; where, ^ftc 
 
 ^VtMi of his ilclign. anplica 
 
 r a ilcUy t>f kvcMal 
 
 , j'..ir.. ..HI ,.pc„ca .li-.,,,,.;,-,;,',,,. , •',;.^';,,;;' ;:;-- 
 
 .rrwrls to niiio monov 
 
 IK 
 
 <' ycrti ih.it the Mooi-s 
 
 to catty it into cxc 
 
 w 
 
 rlnlgcil her 
 cuiion, being 
 
 tHo of the moli memorable 
 
 cic expelled ^puin ; To thnt 
 
 o the S] anilh 
 
 ev 
 
 «t>on;irehy u'a.- in the fj^mc vc.i 
 
 [• .\^ I . t . .k ^ at. . I _ « % . V 
 
 nils that iver happened 
 
 \va!> fuinilhed with th 
 
 jmM.. umuM- the pilot;>j;e of Martin, Pn 
 JMnfon. three brot! 
 
 •Te velUls. and i:< 
 
 ^el^:, 
 
 i>ucis, and Ditus 
 
 Moa, foon after v\ huh th-v mad 
 
 'lul (ailed iiom vSpain A 
 
 nncof the Canarv 111 
 
 «-..v vt HIV V iuj.iry lucs, \\t\ 
 watds tailed \vert\tai\', witl 
 
 nude the iU.ind of C 
 >^heiv they rcfrefhod. and 
 
 M 
 
 UKiiU 3 
 
 »omera, 
 
 ifier- 
 
 K^nivis. In eixMhnv^ the Atl 
 
 K>iit any jjuide but his ou 
 
 it n tic hi 
 
 n 
 
 oura^cd Ai-id muiingu^ «iih ihc icri-ih aud 
 
 crew grtw dif. 
 uuccridinty 
 
 I 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 {ft 
 
 vf ihr voyrt^, ivlKiin hf uppcircil nn.l comr.KtPil with 
 rli • r.ilu.il iin|i<MrmK-c * (»f Wu\U uiul Uoatiui; wnciU. In 
 iliiH rvpcJitioii wn-* (nil olw.ivnl the v.uuiiiou of the 
 ,o..,p,H«, »y|>ich n>;ulc urnu luuxvUu.n on ihr nllots of 
 C'..liiint)u#, \vho ivcrc n.utk with feiror on lio.liu^ that 
 iIhii onlyir.tulc hiul v«ii,il, iuiJ. ihoy fcaml, klf Ihcm j 
 .'.>«vhich i)>r i«rcw inlii\>il on iTiuMni»){, mul with loiul 
 nil J inlolcnt Ipcfvhc* thiraicm-a ro ihnuv hiin ovcrhtutJ. 
 Hovvcvor, fhry Toon uftcr difovoioJ 1 nul, having bfi'n 
 n .i.iyH on a ictliou. vuy.i>;t', iliiiiiiij ^^'''i''» »'«»<»- «»»«y haJ 
 ken nothing hut the (oa anl flty. This laiul Colutuhu» 
 at lit II hopcJ to \k a part of ihr Inilies hf umh in quell 
 of. hni it proved u tUillrr of ill...»d.t, tincc known by 
 xhc. ni,ne of the Ruhaina or Ldcavo Ills wlilch iirtf 
 «lvnr ;o Iraj.ucii K. of the ouil ot ru>n.li. That on 
 w'Mch thov landcil wag Gu.tn.thani, or St. Salvador, ro.v 
 cillcd Cat nintd. ricgafc it the ttam : of Sr. Salvadt)!-, 
 nMommcmoratc the favuw the Hips crrwi, but it ig not 
 Hiiiaikablo for any thin« bnt this event. He took pof. 
 Irilion or thig ilUiivl with ^cai »ercino:iv, by ercaintf a 
 ci;oh ou the (liorei >;ieat multitudes of the native inUa- 
 b.titntg lov>kujg ou uijconcernod :it thtt time. 
 
 Heir the SpaniardMcmaimd but aOioittime, the cx- 
 trnnc poverty of the inhabitan-s eonvi.Kini; than that 
 Jh.» wag not the Indict they louj'.ht for. Sailini; from 
 hence loufh^vaid, niter fomc dillieuhv, he difcovercd Hil- 
 paiuv.la. inhabited by it humane an'd hofpltablc people. 
 an>l, what crowned the whole, abounding in uold, which 
 Jiuluced him to make this illand (he principil objw'l of 
 hiKdrlign, and where he phujted a colony bel'oic he pro. 
 coaUd further in his dilcovoiicj. IVom hence, huJinjr 
 • oloJeU A bujrc <iuautity of gold, and u number of cu- 
 no htieg, in order to enhance the merit of bis fuccefs. 
 aiKl buildinjj a tort for the defence of 30 men he left 
 'M) the ilUnd, be fci fail for his ixnurn to Spain ; and 
 dUcovcrcd the Caribbees, having before landed upon 
 ^ y. V V S^"*'"*^'^ " *''^*^^ knowledge of fomc other iflauds 
 '\ • . ... /^'^^^''^-'J '«» ^i«^l» numbers in that Preat fca 
 which divides North and South America. 
 
 On his ;Mrival in Europe, from whence he had been 
 ;«Wcnt fix^ months, he was driven by Uillrefs of weather 
 into the I agus, which induced him to vilit Lllbon, where, 
 in' convincing that court of their error in rcjev^ting his 
 r<opoi,l3, which were crowned with fucccfs, ho triumphed 
 over his enemies j which now excited their envy, as ihcy 
 
 - b 2 
 
 i Hi 
 

 IN TRO Due T I ON. 
 
 I i 
 
 fnlw i'^'^'Y' '^V ^''^ "»»^»ed in the poireffion of 
 Z .nt\ I'-"" '^t-'! ^f proceeded to Barcelona, where 
 he entered ,n a kind of triumph, exhibiting to public 
 I'iew he native Americans he had brought with him 
 
 :L"'f'"V^^r''t''' ^"^ riches he'hidcoHeaed: 
 he admiral cofing the proceffion, and was received by 
 
 liLr/l" u^-^!l J*"' o"Jy with the greateft marks oV 
 regard, but the highett appiaufe. 
 
 The Portuguefe, near about the fame time, by direaine 
 
 rZ h"'^' '''TJr '^^ ""' ^^'^ P««'^d »I»c Cape of 
 Good Hope, and difcovercd the Eatt-Indies. The rival- 
 
 ftip of the nations of Portugal and Spain fhewed itfelf 
 
 at. his time on y by the emulation each of their navigators 
 
 had to make oifferent difcoveries, and enrich :heir toun- 
 
 tries with the fpoil of other regions before unkuowu. 
 
 Ferdinand and Ifabella, of Caftile and Arragon, at thi: 
 
 time provided themfelves wiih the Pope's bull, to ftcurc to 
 
 themfelves all the new iJlands and countries which were. 
 
 ur might be difcovered by their navigators, under con- 
 
 d.tion that the Gofpel fhould be preached the.e by .ood 
 
 ^T 1 K^^**"" '^''J. '^ompJied with this condition may be 
 
 3udged by the cruelties pradifed on the natives to difcover 
 
 FulLT^^'L^r^ °^u'" '^^ P""*^^ ^^»° ^*^« gone ^'o«n 
 li.urope to thefe unhappy countries, BartboUme^ de las 
 
 Cafas, wno firfl propofed the introduftion of fiaves from 
 
 Atnca, :s the only one of whom hiftory has not tranf- 
 
 initied the name and anions with execration. The Pope, 
 
 by an irrevocable decree, diflributed the new-difcovered 
 
 countries ; but as they were continually encreafing, it was 
 
 too troub.elome, as well as expenfive, to be fo frequently 
 
 applying to Rome : therefore the Spaniards and Portuguefe 
 
 fKreed to divide the globe by an imaginary line reach- 
 
 iiig from pole to pole, which the }>.>pe confirmed, and 
 
 placed this famous line of markation in the Atlantic, about 
 
 ICO leagues to the weft of the^«.r.., which a itw years 
 
 atter, by an agreement between Cailile and Portugal was 
 
 removed 270 leagues beyond this; by which all the dif, 
 
 covenes already made, or to be made to the eaft of this 
 
 political niendian, were tc belong to the Portuguefe, and 
 
 thai on the weft to the Caftilians. ^ 
 
 The honours which Columbus received were far from 
 
 latistyicg hin, a fccond voyage engaged his whole atten- 
 
 — , „.,y ,,,^ iuv,v.ci3 ui ijisnrii naving removed every im- ' 
 
 pediment he was fupplied with 17 fail of ftiips, with every 
 
 ueceflar^ for making fettlements; ?\od, having on board 
 
I N T R O D U C T I O K.' V 
 
 1500 men, he fet fail again Sppf. 25, 14931 but on his 
 arrival at Hifpaniola, he found the tort totally tiemoli(hed, 
 and every one of his men that he had left there flain. 
 This was a mortifying circumftauce, but it did not pre- 
 vent him from taking more eftcclual meafures. He pitch- 
 ed on a more advantageous fituation on the N. E. part of 
 the ifland, where he erefted a ftrong fortification, ancli> 
 built a town, naming it Ifabella, where he fettled a- co-- 
 lony > before which time there were neither horfes, oxen^ 
 (heep, or Avine, in all An^erica, or the Weft-Indies^ (ask 
 was afterwards called) ; and it is not unworthy of remark,. 
 that eight fwinc, and a fmall flock of black cattle cartie*!^ 
 thither by Culumbus, was the whole flock which fuppiied 
 a country which at prefent fo plentifully abound* will* 
 them. 
 
 But while he was exerting his utmoft abilities torcducc" 
 this wealthy and extenfive ifland, and eftablifh the foun:- 
 dation of the Sp anifli monarchy in America, his enemie* 
 at home tried every method to deflroy his credit with th<r 
 Spanlfli Monarch j: and had fo far fucceeded as to order' 
 hiifierurn to juflify himfelf. As foon as he appeared ia- 
 Spain, having brouwht with him teftitnonials of his fide-' 
 lity, ail their accufations and prejudices againll him difap-^^ 
 peared ; notwithflanding whi»;h be had the mortificatioiiJ 
 ©f experiencing numberlei's delays and impediments, before 
 he. was able again to fail,- though on a difcovery of the* 
 laft importance to the Spanifli nation^ Having procured^ 
 'A'ith didiculiy, the delired forces, he fet fail on his third- 
 voyage, when the fit fl land he made was the ifland of 
 Trinidada, on the coafl: of Terra Firma ; a«d afterwards 
 he proceeded to- the continent, where he procured froni;i 
 tl'c inhabitants gold and pearls in tolemble quantities^ in- 
 accomplifr:ing which he hud encountered great fatigue and': 
 dithcuhies ; and to increafe his uneafinefs, on his artival 
 at flifpaniola, he found the colony divided into parties,, 
 that had proceeded to defperate extremities again fl each 
 other; which by his prudent management he fupprefl,, 
 without being charged with feverity : but this his enemies 
 in Spain conftrued to his difadvantage, inllnuating that he* 
 h.id a defign of courting the friendfiiip of the Indians and- 
 difaffcded people, and thereby edabliihing jm independency 
 for tiiniiCu, to the prcjudtee f: his fovcrcign ; which pro- 
 cured an order for his confinement, and the feizure of . 
 his effetSts. He, together with his brother, was fent» loaded 
 •with irons, into Spain, where they were de<ired with- 
 
n 
 
 
 
 'i 
 
 i 
 
 1, 
 
 Tl 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 honour . and the Admiral .^as prevailed on to undertake 
 
 reXd^;:^I;7,^^'}\^^^^^^^ I" ^^y' I502,whent 
 fonni . '''y "^ ""« ot Danen, where he hoped to have 
 found a paflage into the South-Sca, but was dirappointed 
 .aC'thrr^^' t^ the continent was of n^J^^Zt 
 ▼aiue than the idands, as it abounded in gold, and the in. 
 lubuants more civilized than any he bad Veen bcfor" 
 Th,s voyage, however was the n/oft unfortunate of ««; 
 
 fever^I I "P"'^'^"^!*'- "^ had fufFered confiderably in 
 ^yeral hurncanes, and was ill-treated by the Governor of 
 
 t%ueen'dr.d'''"'."".^ ^^.^^"'" ^°-^ ^»« P^'-'ei?; 
 litLn S ^"'"'^ V-^^'t '^^ ^'°S. of a diflembling difpol 
 1 iT Jh every frivolous pretence to delay the reward of 
 
 td verrP* ''" i"'^ P"' ' P'"^'' ^° the Admiral's toih 
 oriThT'':'^°.' to perpetuate his ill-treatment, gave 
 orders before his death, to have the irons he had worn 
 
 and among others excited the attention and avaricious 
 t^rlT ^^^Henry VII. of England, who, when "t 
 rrh? .- ^'''^''^^^ '° ^'"^ ^^^ Columbus's brother, declined 
 embarking ,n an uncertainty, but in ,496 began to turn 
 
 yet not being willing to be too enterprizing, he granted a 
 
 .v.baUion, and Sancho, wherein he empowered them, with 
 ^nLZ *^™^"/^'^^'«"«rfer Englim colours, to^C J 
 DfHod h.d^ 'f°" S^r'"^' "°""^"" ^^'^^ before that 
 lituaiions be E N. or W. at the fame time he refervcd 
 fuch df ' ?f^^°f;»! advantages that Aould arife fVom 
 
 caflern Zw\f ^*"/*'"!'e^"'="" °^ ^^^ «he whole 
 Florid, / North America, from Newfoundland to 
 
 IWonda, was foon after difcovered, and taken poffeffion of 
 
 ble1'i!n''"'^f' "^ '^' ^r^ .^^"^'•^^ ' ^"^' for « '^onfidera- 
 uider rh.f * ^"g^^^r ^ith the iH.nd. which ftill goeo 
 under that name, was called Newfoundland. It is f?om 
 the dTcover.es of the Cabots that G.eat-Britain der ve^ 
 *er claim to North America. 
 
 Sninin"^^^' Americus Vefputius, a Florentine, under a 
 ^i* ~.' i"'^ i"i-.va iw iiic v-vcu-mdies, and viiited 
 
 •-aiwcas, &c. quite to the Gulf of Mexicoj though we 
 
 li 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Vll 
 
 do not find he made any new difcoveries, but being a maa 
 of addrefs, as well as an able feaman, and an excellent 
 geographer, he arrogated to himfelF the firft difcovery of 
 the continent of America, and called it by his own name, 
 though that honour was undoubtedly due to Columbus. 
 
 Petti Alvarez Capralis, admiral of a fleet belonging to 
 Emanuel, King of Portugal, fteering for the Eaft Indies, 
 in the year 1500, was by a ftorm driven on the conft of 
 Brafil, which he firft difcovered, and which has fincc 
 proved of fuch infinite benefit to that crown. Hence it 
 feeras to follow, that, if Columbus had not gone exprefsly 
 in fearch of the New World eight years before, it would 
 have been difcovered, by chance, by this Portuguefe Ad- 
 miral. But Brafil was foon after more fully difcovered by 
 Americus Vefpucius, who had quitted the fervice of Spaia 
 in difguft, and entered into that of Portugal. The eaftern 
 fide of the continent having been difcovered, it was not 
 long before the Spaniards made their way to the weftern 
 fide, carrying devaftation with them, and leaving an ex- 
 tenfive traa deluged with the bloqd of millions of the in- 
 nocent natives, which began the conqueft of Mexico un- 
 der Fernando Cortez. 
 
 It is eafy to conceive the abfurdity of the imaginary 
 line of marcation of the Pope, whofe ignorance, and that 
 o^ his geographers, had faid nothing of an oppofite mar, 
 canon, which ought naturally to have been 180 degrees 
 dijlant from the former. It follows, that either nation 
 might comprehend the whole earth in his moiety, and 
 that this curious fpecies of property only depended on 
 the courfe which each followed. 
 
 This confideration induced Magalhaens, or Magellan 
 a difcontented Portuguefe, to form a defign of taking 
 away the Eaft-India iflands from that nation; which he 
 did, by going there on the weftern courfe, in the name, 
 and under the authority of the Spanifh flag, when he alfo 
 dilcoveted the South-Sea; but the Pope's line of divifioa 
 not being infringed upon, it occafioncd no rupture between 
 the two nations. 
 
 As nothing was then attended to but the Indies, newly 
 di'covered by the Portuguefe, all the new countries, in the 
 new as well as in the old hemifphere, received the name 
 of Indief. From hence came the original divilion and de- 
 nomination of the Great-Indies, Old-Indies, or Eaft indies 
 for the true and antient India; and of Little-Indies! 
 New-Iadtes, or Wcil-Indies, for America, The names of 
 
• • * 
 
 I N T R O D U C T r O N. 
 
 m 
 
 : i 
 
 Eaft n \ Weft Indies are the only ones now i refer ved • 
 underthefi.il .3 cnm,rchended th^e grenter paJt of Alh, 
 
 No,th anH q ..""a^ '"''" '" '^^ "'^^^'^ part between 
 JNoitn and South America, 
 
 Geograpbe. 8 commonly divide the Continent of \mc- 
 nca into tu-o parts, North and South j the narrow ilVhrnus 
 ot Panama joining the two immenfe portions. This di- 
 vifion, without doubt, is the moll fimple that can be 
 conceived and appears the moment we look at .he form 
 andd.fpoht.on or America: it is likevvife that uhi^h was 
 made by the fiifl Spaniards who went f,om the ifthmus 
 fu\L'Z"!l to Jifcover the South Sea, fo called in oppo- 
 lition to that fro.n whence they came. 
 
 But this bay fprinkled with innumerable iflands, im- 
 properly called, from one of its parts, the Gu/f of Mc^clco, 
 ought to be called the Wefi. Indian Sea, To this vail 
 tTUlf the bpaniards have retained the name of mil Indies 
 leaving that of North and South America to the two o,>^ 
 pof.te Conrments. Undtr this name they comprehend 
 all the coaft of the ma.n-Ia.id which lies adjacent to it, as 
 wed as all the iHands, the chains of which f.em to keep 
 back the fta, which beats with violence agninft this part 
 er America I„ one of rhefe iflanda of the^noil nor, he, a 
 cha.n the little ifle of Gua.uih.ni, ar preftnr uninhabited, 
 the difcovery was firft made of the VVeA Indies, and in- 
 deed of all America, as before cbftrved. This Gulf is 
 the center of the moll extenHve as well as mod precious 
 
 w'? .i^Ta"; 'l^^''^'''^ (^^^r.iiXt^, at leail in riches, 
 that of the Eall Ladies. The appellarion of Weft Indies, 
 m Its whole extent has been adopted by the Englilh, the 
 Dutch, and all other navigatois; and the merchants, in 
 conforming to ir. have obliged geographers to diJide 
 America into three parts, North America, the Weft Indies, 
 and bouth A.re.ica, of which this Gazetteer comprehends 
 the two hrft divilions. 
 
 On vievvin,c. a_ map of the Weft Indie?, vou will find 
 afeacompmed in three gieat bafons, divided from each 
 
 Lr.)^ IT ^'•^\''^^'«"f and finkings-in, and feparatcd 
 from the Atlantic Ocean by a ftring ot iflands, both fmall 
 and large, fhis d.vjhon is that of Nature, and what 
 preftnts itfelf at the firft view. The lea of the WelV 
 Indies was moft likely formed by an irruption of ihe ocean 
 —J .^ ^^^rQ, ttit »cii ; ali rhe mores that lock 
 
 fowaids the eaft as well as the Iflands, bear the ma.ks 
 <ef this continual action ; the fiift arc for thtj gicater part 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 oTcrflowcd, and the others arc torn and broke thr^ghout. 
 The waters pufhed forward and accumulated in the Tea 
 of the Weft Indies, flow back to the ocean very rapidly 
 through the Gulf of Florida, which, being the largett 
 and principal outlet, keeps up their circulation, and ad- 
 mits of a conftanc fupply 
 
 ^TJ'^T? "°"Kerly bafon is known by the name of the 
 Gulf of Mexico; it is the largeft of the three we have 
 jull taken notice of. To the E. it has, for a boundary, 
 the pcninfula of Florida, with the ifland of Cuba ; be- 
 tween which is the outlet which leads to the Gulf of 
 Florida, or Channel of Bahama : on the fide of the Con- 
 tinent, it is bounded by the overflowed fliores of Florida 
 Lou.fiana, and of New Leon, with thofe of a confiderablc 
 part of Mexico, in which are contained the entire weft 
 and north coafts of the peninfula of Yucatan. Thcfe 
 nvo coafts are furrounded by a large chain of (hoals, fands. 
 and rocks ; the terrible remains of the lands the fca has 
 fwallowed up. 
 
 This balon terminates at Cape Catoche, about jz 
 leagues from C.pe St. Antonio, the moft wefterly point 
 of the ifle or Cuba._Bctvveen this flrait, and a line drawn 
 from Cape Gracias a Dios to Point Negril in Jamaica. 
 Nature has formed the fecond balon of the Weft-Indiaa 
 Sea J It 13 lefs than either of the others, to which it ferves 
 for a communication. Its boundaries on the fide of the 
 Continent, from Cape Catoche to. Cape Gracias a Dios 
 are, all the eaftern fide of Yucatan, and all the north coaft 
 of the province of Honduras, The waters, running con- 
 tinually out of this bafon into the Mexican Gulf, through 
 a very narrow flrait, aft with the greateft violence in the 
 Bay of Honduras, which is full of overflowed iflands and 
 rocks, fome under water, and fome jull level with it, 
 iand-banks, &c. and all the eaftern coaft of Yucatan, 
 which hes open tc its action, is entirely torn and pierced 
 with lagoons : fo that throughout the whole may be feea 
 the ravages of a flow but contipual inundation of the fea 
 on the (hoies. 
 
 The third bafon is bounded on the W. by the Mexican 
 coaft ; on the S. by that of Terra Firm? ; to the E. and 
 W. by chains of iflands. The Spaniari , who firft dif. 
 covered the fea which is on the other Hue of the ifthmus 
 o. X anama, gave it the name of the South Sea, and called 
 that of which we are fpeaking the North Sea. It has 
 Deeu fometimes called the Caribbean Sea, which name it 
 
u 
 
 I ^ INTR ODUCTlON.i 
 
 CaribbM.in.nVt. ; ^ number of mlcta between thr 
 
 Oid" J^S^; ,1 c tnft of it^'V" ''■'^'' ."'"'' >>' <''"^ <•»'>'» 
 Quito ftw,r- ^ t ^.""•'^"■"'•> *>"« I'pon the iMof. 
 
 iiaeue. off .fc.r T I '^' ^"1"' efpecially about 2c 
 
 >vi.o ha, go,"':::,':,g"/x,t"'" '"= '"""' "^ •"« ■»-"'« 
 
 In<)i'n'Ve?"%rdil''" ^j^^^'"} „^'^<'">" "< <he Weft. 
 on the Mc ofTi e on"" "* ""= '"""'' ''^'"'' ^"""^ >' 
 founded on lb. JJefll.i'T" ■"""' '<'™l'li"«d , i, i, 
 'l>«t the courfe of ^?^ I'tuJtions or on the relation. 
 
 vanccd towards he ocean %. « ^ -5 • *""■"" '"'- 
 
 .raverfed tht„„«h",hT«u,e c. a^n'e rlcTir -thr^ 
 ^ti^d rm' V" "i" ■"" '' ">' WeftlndiarSe : ^1 
 and a, ,h, f *■ "!' «'"""' """>= of Windwurd-rna d 
 
 ;4q^}r:;;rwr«'ito'Xco^:;>^rTrF^' 
 
 The »i^H° ' u- V "^"P' '•" "cious appellation of failors 
 AntiOepC'diStlS: :;: «Xal',^»'15-atibb?e^ 
 
 ii 
 
I N T R O D U C T I O N^ ,^i 
 
 chVn 'iIfds'^'^^r ^''''''' i^^ curr«u« of the Caribbean 
 
 ciia.i tnd9 1 1,18 rounding comprehends feveral fmall 
 
 flands which the Englifb call the Leeward Caribb^es A 
 
 h.9 cndniK the i„e bends all at once, and ftretches outt 
 
 t\L: ^' ^- ^ ''' i<^"g'»^ening afford, u. fev^l 
 
 The iJlands on the eaft, which are the moft confiderable 
 
 LeewL Hla„r h\'^'^^' '" their whole extent, tbc 
 Leeward, tlands, for the fame Veafon as thofe which we 
 
 uft menuoned on the coaft of Terra-Firma, and by fome 
 
 chfif If w, Fn'^'i ^^r^^' '^r' ^''''^'' °"^ « Second 
 t>ank9, lome of ivhich are of a prodigious fize. This ia 
 he extenfion of the line to the N. w5to which they have 
 the genejal name of Bahama-lflands, or Lucayos. ^ 
 
 fronwh; • '?' °^ '^"^^^ ^'^^^«"f archipelagos arife 
 from the particu ar groups of iflands in this lon| feries • 
 
 iSanf. "T' 1' Virgin illes diftinguiftes that cfufteTof 
 
 whic^dTviteZuca^^"^ ^^'-^^ °^ -^^ -2* ^-^' 
 
 leaJs^is fo fl'l ''flV '^' W^«-I"dia Iflands naturally 
 leads us to fomc refieftions on their formation. ^ 
 
 cfc^>ed'r°Ln r'«''r'^'"« "^^•" «^ '^»^» ^^'^^ »^-e 
 we confider rh^^^^^^^ r ''''"' ''"*^' ^^""-'^ ^"^^ "''^X 
 
 immei fe ft%t "c k "\t aJibbf '"-''^ T^'" ^^ "' 
 V impwrctK. 1 ne L-aribbees principa Iv aooear to 
 
 which ''a, n ^"'"'""^ "f '"<»>n,ai,»/.he Li E of 
 «hKh, at nn-ftm under water, is diftiiiEuilhable in <lm 
 
 omeoHhem are 6 leagues broad, o.hers ,o or u; but 
 
 i i,r Jf ^ " ,''='«'«•' G'enada and St. V „een< a 
 
 name of Thi*"?'^" °.^„'* '"«"" '''°=<'' •"■"»"' ""d" h^ 
 name of the Grenadillcs, or Grenadines, where in foina 
 
 rL'';re£a:"tL''ri;r„ r"--'.«-,f ^ '« - 
 
 r "he°m<^r7 -7''"g"'«^'edf :;d 'we Lt lEgh*! 
 out, (He marks of a fubttrraMous fire, which lautt hire 
 
Xll 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 1 I 
 
 IrrSpfion! '^'"' '' *^" "^ '^' °^"" ^" '»>« «^«'ral 
 
 thJS^ii'^.'' Philo/ophcrs try in vain to find out what «a. 
 the firft caufc of th,8 irruption, or what wa. that of the 
 par .cular inundanons which have drowned whole coun! 
 tries, and left others uncovered j or thofc exceeding great 
 acadents. which have overturned a part of the eartS's^fur 
 face and total y changed its face j ft i» certain ihu heft 
 
 moO ' n! • V'i J*«owledge and proofs of them arc al. 
 
 preferved hV^^ '^' ^''"u'" '"'i^""^* ^"^ ^"'l'"^" has 
 diSa^nlinn? "r"8 'he moft uncivilized and m«ft 
 di a. t nations. The principle of thefe alterations is to be 
 
 leftTJ ^''^fj°"«?» •" ^"^face. Europe has not fuffered 
 fideri^a l*;;^^r '^"^''^ °^ An,erica we are now con. 
 when t^lr^if t' 'r"""' r''^^ "'^^^ ""••" ^« »he times 
 r, thV . a ". happened, were as well convinced of it 
 
 ??« » Pr " n^7^ T °^" '•"'"• " J' ^^«« "o' enough, 
 
 earth uJ' ^' '' 'n' ''^ ^"'^ '^^ °"^'^ »° f""0»«^d the' 
 eanh, and continually wear away the fhores, it was not 
 
 Abyla, to have abforbed a fpace as great as it already took 
 
 Xh fill.T''""i''\!/' ^^^'''I'^ ^"'»"°'^«^ "P »he lands 
 K.fi^ la "Py^^ I'ropontis and Hellefpont, it has, 
 befides, dcftroyed a whole country beyond the Bofphorus 
 fo hat it has at laft joined irfelf ,o the Paludes Meo.ides 
 which have only been formed at the cxpence of there 
 gions they have overflown." » "«c rt 
 
 .oJk'^'^P" "'")"■ ''"'Vg"' '" conjunaion with great 
 earthquakes, and eruptions caufed by the volcanos and 
 fulphurcous earths, are fufficii nt to account for all the 
 revolutions, both fudden and progreffive, which change the 
 furfHce of our globe The continual agitation of one 
 element agamll another, of the earth which fwallows up 
 a part of the ocean in its interior cavities, of the fea which 
 tears otf and carries away great portions of the land in its 
 ab;ires. is the great caufe of thefe inevitable change?. To 
 this we may add, the motion of the fea from eartto weft 
 a motion imprefled on it by that which carries the whole 
 globe from weft to eaft : this motion is much greater at the 
 Equator, where the globe, being more raifed, moves in a 
 Jareer circlp- Thnc W ;« >k»» .iT- y-. r. . . .. 
 
 the dykes that the land oppofes to it, and that it opens 
 
INTRODUCTION. xili 
 
 [itfcif a number of paflagci, in places where the topi of 
 mouatains which by their great lieight efcape being over- 
 Iflowcd, compofe at prefent the Caribbee-inands. All the 
 Ipartiofthefeinands which are cxpofed to the eaft, that 
 lis, to the (hock of the waters, are cut and wore away in 
 Itheir whole extent: the harbours and places of fhclter are 
 Ko^i'nPS /? ^» '"^'^^'V'.! generally dittinguilhed by the 
 IcaTs.rln ' ' *^^ "*"" "*^ " ""'^'^ 
 
 ir^V^^ ^?J"f '"^""*'' ^*^"'*« ^" ^«'"'"c<J «he noth-wcft 
 lUands, which we have comprifed under the general name 
 k Lucayos-Ides. Thefe being much more flat than tTc 
 K:anbbecs. may be conhdcred as the ftirfaces, not immerged 
 [of fevml large fand -banks. We may eafily conceive, that 
 Ithc lands, ot which they made a part, being ufSn the 
 luhole more elevated than thofe from which thq Caribbec! 
 Ibave been de.ached, the water ought not to have cut them 
 n fo precfe a manner, and has overflown them with a 
 jlefs quantity. " * 
 
 L.ll' bv"''£.' ^r»^;«»/»^<^<'e remarks, and feveral others, as 
 well by the phyfical appearances, the difpofition of the 
 (i reams ot water. &c. as by the natural proiudlions. wh Lh 
 u^uld all tend to prove tha^ the iflands Si the Weft-Indie, 
 I lave been torn from the continent j but we think thai 
 Ithefc new proofs would be unneceffar; in fo genera an ac 
 Icouui as ih.s: befides. the bounds we fet ou.fe?ve, wU 
 loniy A^er us to give a fuccina relation of each of the ^" 
 ill ^^'^'^ ""\*.go t« confidcr the climate, produdtions 
 H commerce j which otfer us fo large and fruWa field 
 KJ ""' T ^^'^ <^'«b»»-re<red in the%holce. than in the 
 ^>anner of ccmprifmK. i« a flxjrt as well as ime ^ft n^ 
 T^anner. the obje^s which prefent themfclve. on all fldes^ 
 
 bh/i"" '''I **"' *^"° ^^^^"«^ »" ^^^ Weft.India II and;. 
 i^t dry. and the rainy. By their fituation between !- 
 fequator and Tropic of Cancer, they are fubje^to fom" 
 
 Fnc on. The heat is continual ; it increafes from fun 
 
 K *V^"!,^''" «o°". «nd decreafes as theTn de.* 
 pcends. 1 he thermometer rifes to 44. dearees ^nm^^: 
 
 "rrtL^^' *'°'^ *'^ ''r'^? poiJu 'Sing t r: 
 
 :are than temperate weather j Pometimcs, indeed! the flTJ 
 
 t::Ztr}^^l'-^' f- - »^o- or two, but tVere' i'^ 
 
 fun."" '""* ""^' "* '""^ ^^^ *" *^^*^^ ^^^y ^0 not fee the 
 
 Wherever the wi«d does not Wowr, one is fcorchcdr 
 
MV 
 
 I N T R O D U C 1' I O N. 
 
 Sf 
 
 and yet all th« winds are not cooling : it is only the 
 rafterly wind* which moderate the heat ; ihofc irum the i 
 fouthorwtft aftord little relief, but they are more rareJ 
 find lefs regular, than the cafterly. Thii cafterly wind it 
 not perceived in the Iflands before nine or ten in thci 
 morning J it frcfbcns a« the fun rifes above the horijson, 
 and diminiftea as the fun defcends, and falls calm abotn 
 the evening: but it is only along the coaOt, and not in 
 the open fea, that this wind conftanily moderates thol 
 cxceffive heat of the climate. 
 
 The rains likewife contribute to cool the air of the I 
 Weft Indies. In general, thefe rains are fo common, and 
 fo plentiful, efpecially during the winter, which lafts from 
 the middle of July to the middle of OAober, that, acJ 
 cording to the beft obfervations, they yield as much water 
 in one week, as falls in our climate in a year. Theft 
 rains, fo falutary againft the heat, are, at the fame time, 
 accompanied with all the difagrceable and bad effeas ofl 
 an exceffivc dampnefs : the fruits rot, iron rufts froraf 
 rooming to night, meat cannot be kept frefh longer than 
 24 hours, and it requires continual attention and pre- 
 cautions to preferve feeds until the feafon comes to fowl 
 them in the ground. | 
 
 To thefe inconveniences of periodical rains fucceed thofel 
 of hurricanes and earthquakes. A hurricane is moft comJ 
 inonly accompanied with rain, lightning, thunder, and! 
 earthquakes, and always with the moft terrible and de.f 
 ftrudlive circ.imftances that the winds can produce. Itj 
 tears up the lar^eft trees by the roots, throws down the! 
 moft folid buildings, and deftroys the plantations ; youl 
 would fancy it was the laft convullions of Nature, juftl 
 ready to expire. As none of the hurricanes come froul 
 the eaft, that is, from the grcr't fea, to which the Caribbee 
 Iflands are expofed, one is tempted to think that they arel 
 all formed on the continent ot America, by the impetuouil 
 concourfe of oppolite winds. The earthquakes are noti 
 c^uite fo frequent as the hurricanes, but are fomeiimfll 
 more terrible and deftru<5iive. | 
 
 The climate of the Continent of the Weft Indies, that 
 18, of thofe parts which lie near the fea, and which aref 
 coroprifed between the fhol-e and the chain of mountainjl 
 nearly parallel to it, throughout the greater part of tiiiij 
 country, nearly refembles that of the Iflands ; and, iiil 
 general, there are only diftinguiftied two feafons, the wetj 
 and dry. The rains caufe periodical inundations, by thel 
 overflowing of ihe rivers 5 acd the oiFenfivenefs of the af 
 
celTn 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 »r 
 
 Iiv« moifturc produced by them, is y«t more augmented 
 by the deftrudlire exhalation* which they fpread in the 
 air; ihe corruptjooa ot vegv tittles, ammab, aiid of dead 
 fiftes» which the floods bring with ihein, the ftngn.mt 
 water colicfted in the low giowods, and in certain plaint 
 ot a prj^digious extent, as in ihofe near the banks of the 
 Oronoco, flill add to thele inconveniences. The great 
 rivers litutted beyond the Tropic have alfo their cegular 
 inundations j but thefe arife from the melting of the fnow 
 in the diftant mountains from whence they take iheir 
 fpurces. 
 
 The regular winds likewifc cool the lands within the 
 Tropics, as they do the Iflands. Oo the coaft of the 
 Caribbean fea, the wind is generally between the north 
 and caft. The wefterly wind, which upon the other coafts 
 18 perceivable almoft aU the year, is predominant here 
 only in the months of December and January. In ge- 
 neral, the winds are more regular upon the coalh which 
 look ro the foutb, than upon thofe u : '.fe nfpeil is dit- 
 terent j and cvtry where they arefubjed to paiuculariiics, 
 which arife from the jcttings out and in of the ftore, 
 wore or Jefs confiderable, and which render them more 
 or left regular, and more or lefa fenfible. 
 
 The hurricanes are newer felt in that pact of the Con- 
 tinent oppolitc to the fea of the Weft Indies, and earth- 
 quakes are very rare there ; but they often fuffcr from 
 *Vhirlwinds, called toraaJos : thefe are fudden, dangerous, 
 a^d impetuous fqualls, which arc commonly againft the re- 
 gular wind, and whofe duration is very fliort : they like* 
 wife have fome periodical iVorms, produced by the norths 
 erly winds, efpecially in the months of December and 
 January. All the lides of the mountains oppofed to this 
 lea do not aflEordone volcano ; indeed, we fee fome peak* 
 of hills, which look like decayed ones: it is towards the 
 bouth Sea that all thefe burning mountains are colle^^ed 
 together; and in this part it is, where earthquakes fome- 
 times happen, and overturn the whole furface of the eoun- 
 tjy, as in 1773, when the city of Guatiraala, and many 
 flioufand inhabitants, were fwallowed up. 
 
 A perfon of a humane difpofitioo, who confiders the 
 climate in general of the Weft Iiulies, both on the Con- 
 tinent and in the Iftands, cannot help deploring the infatia- 
 
 tries. This climate, at all times dangerous to a European, 
 deadly during lix months of the year, infedious to Aran* 
 
 c z 
 
 m 
 
 
 i 
 
xvi 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 i.i I 
 
 /i!I!lf ?^i'°'^** '*" • temjperatc •ir, fo • contf nicnt way of 
 ijving, and to a wholc(ome nouriftiment. becomrt foon 
 iHcHf^u^ }^i ""*/* moderate compufatiooi make the 
 ofs of the Enghji who go to the Weft rndiei, amount 
 to four tenths ; that of the French to three tenths. It 
 !• very remarkable, that, on the Continenr, which ia 
 much more unwholefomc than the Iftandi, the Spaniards 
 do not lofc more than one tenth. This e«ta of their 
 confl.tunon, or temperance, gives them a manifcft ad- 
 jrontage over ,hc two orhcr nations; and it feems as if 
 Nature J»ad deftined ihcm to occupy the Weft Indies, to 
 enrich the induftrjous nations, who could not live there, 
 with Its produaions. * 
 
 We (hall place, conformable to the general fenfe of 
 mankind, geld and filvcr at the head ot the produdlions. 
 They do not, exctpiing the gold-mines of St. Domingo, 
 properly belong to the Wrft Indies, not even thofe of 
 Mexico. The filver-mincs of this country are, indeed 
 found near the ftiores of the Weft-Indian Sea, as well as 
 in the inland p^rts , but the firft are much poorer, and 
 W prefent they do not work any which are not at a great 
 diftancefrom the fea, for fear they might be expofcd to 
 the invafion of foreigners. The mines of Peru belong 
 ft.U lefs to the Weft Indies; bur, as it is through thei? 
 fea that a part of their produd is brought to Europe we 
 may comprehend them in this account. The moneyers 
 o| Mexico make annually twelve or thirteen millions of 
 pjaftres, the fixth part nearly of gold, :he reft of filver ; 
 about half this comes over to Europe, a lixth to the Eaft 
 Indies, a twelfth to the Spanifti iflands: the reft luns, by 
 an infenfible tranfpirarion into foreign colonies, or circu- 
 lates in the empire. It is commonly fuppofed, that the 
 mines of Mexico employ about 40,000 Indians, under the 
 dircdion of 4COO Spaniards. 
 
 According to the moft moderate computation, rheSM-j^h 
 mines have fent into the metropolis, from 1492 to ^74^ 
 that 18, in the fpace of 248 years, more than nine .iVi lious 
 of millions of piaftres, the leaft part of which has remained 
 with the original mafters; the other has been fcatrered 
 over Europe, or carried into Afia. From the firft of la. 
 nuary, 1745, to the laft of December, 1764. we .-^re not 
 reduced iu v . yeftures. During this period, Spain has 
 received, ,\ . ntre*, 27,027,806 of gold, and izb.^oS.^cS 
 pialtrcs b r«.« ol lilverj thefe two united form'a in.Vs 
 of iS3,8a0.i54 piaftres and 8 reals. If we divide thi 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 xvil 
 
 Aim in eleten pcrti, we (hall find that the common annual 
 return* hare been ij«984,i85 4 piailrei. We ought to 
 add to thefe richei thoTe which are not regidcred. in order 
 10 avoid paying the duty, and which may amount to about 
 a tounb more, and -vc (hall (ind that Spatn receives aanuaU 
 ly from its coioniei about i^ miUioni oi , iadre«. We may 
 obferve, that thefe mines might yield much more* and that 
 they are inexhauilible, (ince there arc new ones cootiauall/ 
 forming. 
 
 Alter gold and filver, cochineal is the mod precioui 
 ftfticle of this part uf America, i( ic is not the moll lucra- 
 tive upon th'i v'hole. New Spain alone remains in poffef- 
 fion of this rich production, without which we could not 
 die either purpie or fcarlct. Independently of what it 
 furni'^i' Atid with, it fends every year to Europe about 
 2500 lurroni, or bags, which are fold at Cadiz one with 
 another, for 8oa piaftves each. It is a vtry coufiderabie 
 produce, which colh no trouble to the Spaniards. They 
 likewife have the beft indigo, the culture of which having 
 been tried fucceifively in different places, fccms fixed at 
 Mexico, and St. Domingo, in the Weft-Indies, as it is nt 
 Carolina, upon the continent, a little more advanced to- 
 wards the North. In the Spaniih poffelfioiis are likewile 
 found the beft woods for dying, as blood-wood, fuftic, and 
 what is called the wood of Campechy, or logwood. I 
 Ihall not mention feveral other produdions of an interior 
 kind, both by their nature and their quantity ; they (hall 
 be fpecified when we run over the particular poiTcflions pt 
 the Spaniards. 
 
 Cacao is another precious produ<^ion, of which the Spa- 
 niards carry on a great trade. They reckon that the an- 
 nual crop of this fruit is more than 1 00,000 fanegues, of 
 no pounds each. Thefe come moftly from the province 
 of Caraccas ; the fanegue, which there cofts feldom more 
 than 6 or 7 piaftres in mercantile commodities, is fold to 
 the • iiHic at the fixed price of 38. Europe receives from 
 50 to 60 thoufand of thefe fanegues ; the reft arc diftri- 
 buted in Mexico, Popayan, and the Canaries. 
 
 Sugar is the article in the Weft-Indies, after gold and 
 filvcr, which deferves the moft attention ; its produce, and 
 that of its extracts, known by, the name of rum and mo- 
 lalfes, is more Important than that of coffee, cotton, indi- 
 
 sro. in a ward 
 
 n 
 
 t nil tK^ rttKAre i-rnr tmratUt^r 
 
 IVSL'-tf-JJ 
 
 - - - - -^srss\ — 
 
 peculiar to the iflands ; with that they procure every thing 
 needful or agreeable to the inhabitants. As thefc iAaud* 
 
 c 3 
 
TimntMi 
 
 XVlIt 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 wiL be more or left fjiecificd, wc muft referw, foi thofe 
 articles, the enumerations of the richncfs of their produce, 
 aad now go on to the manner of carrying on ^hc trade in 
 the Weftern Iflands. 
 
 Europe is continually enriched by carrying conftantJy to 
 America not only all the goods which it produces, or ma. 
 nufaftures, but likewife thofe that its Ihips fetch from 
 Afia and Africa. The dircft commerce of its own com- 
 modities, vM many imported from the Eaft-Indios, and 
 whofe value has fioubled in Europe, is without doubt, very 
 Ijrcar J and the only one which comes near it is that of ihe 
 Negroes, which ihey purchafe, together with other com- 
 moditiefi, on the coaft of Africa, to fell them again in the 
 Weft- Indies. This trade, to the difgrace of the age, has 
 fo deeply taken root, it is become fo neceifary to the pre- 
 fent {fate of affairs, and our wants have juftified it in a 
 manner fo abfolute, that it is now almoft a ridiculous com- 
 mon-place to cry out againft the barbarity and cruelty of 
 it. ITa Cafas, a prieft, gave the firft idea to replace the 
 converted Americans, who were fmothered by thoufands ill 
 the mines, with blacks who were infidels. This diabolU 
 cal idea was but 'too much followed. The inhabitants of 
 Africa fold one another ; all the Europeans bought them : 
 but, as they bad not all mines to work, thofe who were 
 obliged to make plantation? began to employ Negroe-fiaves 
 for that work ; and foon all the iflands were cultivated by 
 Africans, badly fed, hall naked, beat, and ufed more un- 
 mercifully than the moft ftubborn beafts of cur country. 
 Every year about 52,000 ilaves are carried from Africa to 
 the Weft Indies. The Danes carry away about 3000, the 
 Dutch 6000, the French 13,000, the Englilh have all the 
 rell, which they diftribute in their colonies : they fell 
 about 3000 to the French, and near 4000 to the Spaniards, 
 the only people having any poifelTions in the Weft-Indies 
 who do not go to markets for flaves on the African coaft. 
 ' This trade of Nei^roes is carried on freely by all the 
 merchants of ihefe ditferent nationo, as well as the com< 
 merce of Africa, or the mother country, with the refpec- 
 tive colonies: but, at the fime time, the intereft of each 
 nation has made them exclude all others the entrance of 
 their colonies ; and it is only the moft jpreffing neceffity 
 which has engat«ed the Englifti and the French to except 
 i«me places and foine certain goods. This exclufion might 
 eaMy be kept up by thofe nations which only have the 
 pollefTion ut i.laiids; but Spain, which has an immenfe 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 XIX 
 
 exteat of country, of which it cannot fupply all the inba- 
 bicants, is put to much more expence and caution : hence 
 the number of guarda coftas continually cruifing on (he 
 American coads; and the contraband veflels, ihli more 
 numerou9, who, notwithflanding rheir vigilance, continual- 
 ly furnifh the Spaniards with European commodities, which 
 the deficient fupply of their mother-cuun ry makes them 
 iland in need oi\ 
 
 All the trade between Spain and the Weft-Indies is car- 
 ried on in the royal and privileged fleets. The (hips known 
 under the name of galleons were alone employed for a 
 long feries of years in this traffic : but, at prcfenr, the 
 privileged fleets fets out from Cadiz every two, three, or 
 four years, according to the demand or circumilances. 
 They are commonly compofed of 15 or 20 merchant-fliips^ 
 under convoy of two men of war, or more, if there is any 
 appreheniion of danger. Wines, brandy, and oil, form 
 the moft bulky part of the cargo; the richeft is com- 
 pofed of gold and (ilver fluffs, galoons, cloth, linen, filk»» 
 Idce, hats, jewels, diamonds, and fpices. 
 
 The fleet fets off from Europe in the month of July, or, 
 at the laiert, in the beginning of Auguft, to avoid the 
 danger which the violent north winds in the open lea 
 might produce, efpeciuliy near the ports, if it (hould fet 
 oft* in another feafon. The fleet jufl: flops at Porto Rico 
 to take in refrefliments, and gets to Vera -Cruz, from 
 whence its cargo is carried to Xalappa, about a third of the 
 diftance between this port and the city of Mexico. The 
 time of the fair which is held there, is limited by law to 
 fix months ; it is. hov^ever,, fometimes prolonged, at the 
 rcquefl of the merchants of the country, or of thofe of 
 Spain. The proportion of the metals and merchandize 
 determines the gain or lofs in the exchanges ; if one of thofe 
 objects is more plentiful than the other, the feller or buyer 
 are neceflTarily lofers. Formerly the royal treafure was fent 
 from the capital to Vei a-Cruz, to wait there for the fleet ; 
 but iince this key of the New World was pillaged in 1683, 
 by the buccaniers, fo famous in the hiftory of the Weft- 
 Indies, it remains at Puebla de los Angeles, which is 43 
 leagues off, till the arrival of the fliips. 
 
 When the buGnefs is finiflied, they carry on board the 
 gold, filver, cochineal, furs, vanilla, logwood, &c. The 
 fleet then ftiapes its courfe to.vards the Havannah, where 
 after having been joined by fome regifter-'Hips (the name 
 
 rpriain Aim t^ 
 
 in 
 
 m 
 
 '"'■ w 
 
 t f ' 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 Riven to merchant- Ihies. which. 
 
 navincr a 
 f- J — o - 
 
I 
 
 h! ' 
 
 .Hi 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 KX 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 fovernment, have the liberty of carrying goods to the 
 panifh fettlements), fittted out for the Bay of Honduras, 
 and fome other ports, it fails to Cadiz, through the Gulf 
 of Florida. 
 
 In the interval between one fleet and another, the court 
 of Spain fits out two men of war, which they call Azogucs^ 
 to Carry to Vera-Cruz the quickftlver neceflary for the 
 working the mines of Mexico. The Azogues, to which 
 ihere are fometimes joined two or three mcrchant-lhips, 
 that are not allowed to cnrry any thing but Spanilh fruits, 
 ^11 their return aje loaded with the pi ice of the merchan« 
 dizes fold fince the depnrture of the fleet, or with the 
 produce of thofe which were left on credit. If there 
 18 any thing ttill left behind, it is commonly brought back 
 •by the (hips of war, built at the Havannah, and which 
 always go to Vtra-Crnz before they fail for Europe. 
 
 The coriimeice of the fouthern coalt is carried on by 
 private perfons invtftcd with a privilege for that purpofe. 
 This trade was a long time opened to all the fubjeds of 
 the Spanift monarchy, and is ftill fo to the Americans. 
 Thofe of Europe rue much worfe treated. In 1728 there 
 was formed a company at Sebaftian, in Bifcay, called 
 the company of Caraccas, which has obtained an exclufivc 
 right of carrying on a correfpondt nee with this part of the 
 New -World. 
 
 This fhort flietch may give us a Aifficient idea of the 
 commerce of Spain, in the New-World. The \^'el\-In. 
 dies are the center of it. It is kept under by abfurd re- 
 gulations, hindered by all kinds of obiiacles, both natural 
 and artificial, cramped by a thoufand chains, and yet this 
 commerce is the richeft in the univerfe. What then ought 
 the cf>untries to be, which fupport it without interruption? 
 Before the arrival of the Europeans, in America, the 
 natives had arts of their own ; they had fome notion of 
 painting, and alfo formed pii-^ures by the beautiful arrange- 
 ment of feathers of all colours, and in fome places had 
 built palaces and temples. Though the ufe ot iron was 
 unknown, they polifhed precious flones, cut down trees, 
 and made rot only fmall canoes, but boats of conliderable 
 extent. Their hatchets were headed with a fharp flint; 
 and of flints they made knives. Thus, at the arrival of 
 the Europeans, they afforded a lively pi6ture of the primi- 
 tive flate of mankind in the infancy of the world. At 
 that period the arts and fcieuces, and all the learning that 
 had before long flouriihed in thefe more enlightened pans 
 
INTRODUCTION. \xi 
 
 of the earth, were entirely unknowti. Thcfe which had 
 before travelled weft frotn Egypt to Greece, and from 
 ihence to Rome, had proceeded in the fame courfe, and 
 were daily gaining ground where ignorance had reigned 
 triumphant, till checked by the unhappy differences which 
 at preftnt prevail between America and her mother-coun- 
 try. Thefe have fufpcnded its progrefs ; and for a while. 
 It u feared, will be controuled by anarchy and confufion. 
 Happy will It be both for the Provincials and Britons, whea 
 learning and arts are reinftated, and trade and commerce 
 re-ellabliflied among the divided Americans. 
 
 North -America is faid to contain 3.699,087 fquarc miles, 
 and all Europe but 2,749,349, fo great a difproportion is 
 there in their magnitude; and in order to form a proper 
 judgment of their fize, it may not be thought improper to 
 
 I give the principal iflands, and their contents in fquare 
 
 I miles, in the order of their magnitude. 
 
 Cuba, 38,400 
 
 Hifpaniola, 36,000 
 Newfoundland, 35,000 
 
 Sr. Jago, 1400 
 
 Mariiqico, 260 
 
 Providence, 168 
 
 Barbadoes, 140 
 
 Jamaica, 
 
 Cape Breton, 
 
 Porto Rico 
 
 Antigua, 
 
 St. Chriilopher, 
 
 Bermudas, 
 
 Rhode-Ifland, 
 
 6,000 
 
 4,000 
 
 3200 
 
 100 
 
 80 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 We fliail here fubjoin fome Roads that lead throuoh its 
 
 whole extent; fixing the center at Charles-Town, S(>«//&- 
 
 \Carolina: tho firfl feven proceed South to St.Augufiine and 
 
 \Pen/acolai and the latter North io Bojion and 9uebeci ia 
 
 all 2226 miles. 
 
 I. To Beaufort, Port-Royal 
 I Afliley ferry 
 I Stone-bridge 
 I Ponpon-bridge 
 JAniepoo-bridge 
 I Combahee-bridgir 
 Roupcll's ferry 
 IBeai/fort 
 
 6 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 II 
 
 9 
 12 
 
 10 
 16 
 
 35 
 4* 
 
 53 
 62 
 
 74 
 
 Miles 
 III. To Purryrburgh. 
 Combahee-bridge (I.) 
 Coofahatehec i6 
 
 Quiftch's Plantation 18 
 
 PURRVSBURGH lo 
 
 53 
 
 69 
 87 
 
 97 
 
 htened pans 
 
 ir. To Fort-Au£urta. 
 IDorchefter 
 [Smith's ferry 
 I Red Bank 
 iKeily's Cowpen 
 IColfon's Old Place 
 iFurkey Creek 
 ■New Windsor 
 IFort-AugustA 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 «9 
 
 35 
 
 50 
 62I 
 
 72 
 107 
 
 '47 
 '5« 
 
 IV. To Savannah in Georgia, and 
 
 St. Augu(iine in Eaft-Florida. 
 Coofahatehec (III.) 
 Purryfburgli, new road 
 Savannah, by water 
 Fort Harrington 
 St. AuGusTiNfc 
 
 25 
 
 6c 
 "5 
 
 69 
 
 94 
 118 
 
 .78 
 293 
 
 V'. To Sunburyin Geotgh. 
 Savannah (IV,) lug 
 
 Simbury ^^l.^g 
 
 VI. 19 
 
m 
 
 ■in 
 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I 
 
 } 
 
 14 
 
 '9\ 
 
 >3 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 5 
 3 
 9 
 
 VI. To Savannah vnd Fred^ricd 
 in Georgia, and St. Au^Oine, 
 by water, inland. 
 
 Mow Cut 
 Beenc'A Point 
 Watt's Cut 
 Mufketo Creek 
 Bower's Point 
 Ott«r Tnand 
 auKfotrl 
 Archie's Creek 
 Over Port-Royal Sound 
 Through Scull Creek 
 Hilton Head 
 Over Tybte Sound to 
 . CockJf ur 
 
 Savannah 9 
 
 Auguftine Creek 5 
 
 Skiddaway Point 8 
 
 The Narrows 5 
 
 Hangman's Point is 
 
 St. Caiitari.ne's Sound 14 
 
 Acrof^ the Sound 4 
 
 Sappelo Sound 14 
 
 Donghtioy I Hand 14 
 
 Freo-shica ao 
 
 Jekyl 9 
 
 (Snimbtrlatrd 10 
 
 St Mary's River «o 
 
 Naflau River jo 
 
 St. John's River 8 
 
 St. Augustine 40 
 
 5 
 »9 
 3a 
 4S 
 
 48 
 
 57 
 P 
 
 so. 
 
 97 
 
 ice> 
 109 
 
 H4 
 
 113 
 118 
 136 
 141 
 
 »S3 
 167 
 
 171 
 
 »85 
 199 
 
 119 
 
 128 
 
 ftjS 
 
 as8 
 
 268 
 
 276 
 
 316 
 
 VII, To the Creek Country, Mo- 
 
 bdlle, Peniacola, 8qc. 
 Forr^Auguaa (11,) 
 Ogechee Uiver jr. 
 
 Okonce River 4c 
 
 Okmulgee River 35 
 
 Flint River 35 
 
 Chattahoochev.orCoweta 7 
 
 River P^ 
 
 Talaflce, Indian town 75 
 Mokuliflce, ditto 2c 
 
 Albama 6 
 
 MOBI I.I E i8< 
 
 Pknsacola, by water 7c 
 
 »5i 
 121 
 
 261 
 
 S96 
 
 33* 
 
 401 
 
 476 
 496 
 
 502 
 
 682 
 75* 
 
 Virr. To Congarees, Ninsiy-Six, 
 Fort Prince George, and Fort 
 Loudoun, in the Cherokee 
 Country, 
 
 Goofe Cri!«k 
 Monck's Coruor 
 Markie's 
 Eutaw Spring 
 Serjeant Campbell's 
 Berwick's 
 Whiteford's 
 Beaver Creek 
 Congarees 
 Twelve-mile Creek 
 Hayes's 
 Saluda Riv«:r 
 Saluda OlJtown 
 Nioeiy-SiJi 
 Plttmb Branch 
 Chickefaw CaQip 
 Hencoop 
 Brodie's 
 Beaver Dams 
 Eighteeii'inile Branch 
 Twtlve-mile River 
 Fort Prince George 
 Highwafley 
 Tecotpy 
 Beaver Dams 
 Top of Chcfnut-Hill 
 Great Telliquo 
 Cho t t b , Mother Town 
 Tomawtley 
 
 Fort Lovoovh« or 
 Tuikceguey 
 
 ti 
 16I 32 
 
 48 
 6s 
 
 77 
 88 
 
 99 
 »33 
 
 156 
 
 '73 
 191 
 
 209 
 
 227 
 
 M3 
 264 
 
 H^ 
 287 
 
 293 
 
 30s 
 
 38s 
 397 
 405 
 
 40S 
 430 
 
 16 
 
 M 
 »5 
 II 
 II 
 
 16 
 18 
 12 
 II 
 
 17 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 16 
 
 »3 
 
 8 
 
 II 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 } 
 
 r8^8 
 453 
 
 IX. To Orangcbur^h. 
 DorcheHer 
 
 .Noel's 30 
 
 Young's 18 
 
 Orangkburgh 9 
 
 10 
 
 49 
 
 67 
 
 76 
 
 X. To Fort Prince George, v^c. 
 Orangebur^h {liSti^ 1 76 
 
 Orangebur^h (I 
 
 Edifto Fork ^^ 18 94 
 
 Shipes's 'Wf'' 33 1*7 
 
 Ninety-Six «4 '51 
 
 Fort P.George (VTTT.) 9^ 247 
 F'oRT LounouN (Vlll.) 5c 39; 
 
 XI. To Georgetown, WInyaw, and 
 thence to Mofton in N. England, 
 including N.Carolina, Virginia, 
 Maryland, P«ofylvania, N.Jer- 
 fey, N. York, &C.&C. being the 
 road ufed by gentlemen win 
 make ^ht: tour of the Continent. 
 
IKT R O D U C T I o N. 
 
 Hobca'wr 
 
 Remington'i 
 
 BakJwih's 
 
 Withers's 
 
 S. braftcli Santcc River 
 
 N. brMich ditto 
 
 Geor^dtown, ii fcriV 
 
 Pike"« ' 
 
 Lewis's 
 
 Boundary-houfft 
 
 [North-CarolinaJ 
 
 Bell's at Lock wood s-foi-*) 
 ly briclec J 
 
 Bninf*icK 
 
 Egan's on Cape-Fear R. 
 
 Wilmington, 2 ferries 
 
 Collier's 
 
 Sage's 
 
 Sncad's ferry, New R. 
 
 Simmons's 
 
 Warbtfrton's 
 
 Orm's ferry, Trent R. 
 
 Newbern 
 
 Kemp's ferry, Nenfe R. 
 
 Joiinfton's 
 
 Salter's ferry, Tar R. 
 
 Brown's 
 
 Taylor'* 
 
 Dixon's 
 
 Halifax, on Roanoke R. 
 
 Stanton's 
 
 [Virginia.] 
 RowelPs ^ 
 
 Hicksford, New Inn 
 Hall's ordinary 
 Peterfburgh, Wild'a 
 Bsrmiida Hundred 
 Charles'* City Court- 
 
 boufc, a ferry over 
 
 James's R. 
 Lorton's ferry at Chi 
 
 cahomony 
 
 Williamsburg 
 DoncaftJc's 
 Ruffian's ferry 
 Kg. William's Court-houfe 
 Tod's bridge 
 Snead's ordinary 
 Port-Royal, on Rap- ") 
 pahannock R, f 
 
 Hoe's ferry 
 
 [Maryland.] 
 
 Laidlefs.ovd-Potow- 7 
 mack R. J- 
 
 XX ill 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 »7 
 M 
 
 2 
 12 
 32 
 
 »9 
 II 
 
 3 
 12 
 
 »5 
 
 3* 
 46 
 
 48 
 
 60 
 
 9» 
 III 
 
 122 
 
 Port-Tobacco 
 Pi/rataqua 
 Upper Marlborough 
 Annapolis, 2 lerri«» 
 Rockhall, by tvatcr 
 Newton, on Cheftcr R. 
 Saflafris ferry, called ") 
 Georgetown and Fre- > i6' 
 
 »4| 
 
 16 
 16 
 %t 
 *5 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 »5 
 '3 
 
 '3 
 M 
 12 
 
 »3 
 
 »3 
 10 
 
 7 
 21 
 
 »7 
 15 
 22 
 18 
 IJ 
 
 144 
 
 166 
 180 
 182 
 •97 
 
 2IO 
 223 
 
 »37 
 249 
 
 262 
 
 285 
 292 
 
 3»3 
 
 330 
 345 
 367 
 38s 
 396 
 
 ? 
 } 
 
 7 
 10 
 
 20 
 14 
 
 »3 
 
 403 
 413 
 438 
 458 
 47a 
 
 485 
 
 »5 
 12 
 j6 
 13 
 12 
 12 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 ]8 
 
 50c 
 
 512 
 
 528 
 S4» 
 553 
 565 
 585 
 
 597 
 
 615 
 
 618 
 
 deriektowii 
 
 Head <Jf Bohemia R. 
 
 „. „ [Penfylvauia.j 
 Bird s ■" 
 
 Wilmington 
 Chefter 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Frankfort 
 
 Briftol 
 
 fNewyerTcy.] 
 Trenton, a ferry 
 Princeton 
 
 Brunswick, a ferry 
 Woodbridge ' 
 
 Elizabeth-Town 
 Newark 
 
 Powlesi-Hook 
 N£w.YoRK,-a ferry!) 
 over Hudfon's R. f 
 K«Og/bridge "^ 
 
 New Rochellc 
 Rye 
 
 [New-England.] 
 Horfeneck '* 
 
 Stamford 
 Norwaik 
 Fairfield 
 Stratford 
 Milford 
 Ncwhaven 
 North-haven 
 Wallingford 
 Merriden 
 Great Swamp 
 Weathcrsfield 
 Hartforo 
 Windfor 
 Enfield 
 Springfield 
 KingHon 
 Wcftern 
 Brookfield 
 Leiccfter 
 Worcefter 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 » Maiiborough 
 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 13 
 
 »5 
 
 S 
 
 12 
 
 Ic 
 
 12 
 
 »7 
 II 
 
 IC 
 
 8 
 
 »4 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 63* 
 
 648 
 664 
 686 
 
 7'l 
 7*5 
 
 741 
 
 747 
 
 759 
 
 77» 
 
 79* 
 807 
 
 ^5 
 827 
 
 837 
 84, 
 
 86( 
 
 877 
 887 
 895 
 90J 
 
 '9bj 
 
 9*9 
 9i6 
 
 942 
 948 
 
 958 
 970 
 
 978 
 
 982 
 
 992 
 
 999 
 1005 
 
 1012 
 
 1021 
 
 102S 
 
 lOJI 
 
 1039 
 1047 
 1057 
 1071 
 1080 
 1086 
 tico 
 II06 
 
 1 1 12 
 
 10 
 12 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 IC 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 7 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 6 
 
 H 
 b 
 6 
 
 lotlI2» 
 
 -^ ~ 
 
 i'A 
 
i 
 
 xxW INVRODUCTION. 
 
 Sanbiiry 
 
 WatcrhoufC 
 
 Boston 
 
 ]2|ii34 
 
 9j"43 
 9115a 
 
 Xir. To Newport, Rhodclfland 
 
 Bofton (^l.) 
 
 Dedham 
 
 \l^rentham 
 
 JRehoboth 
 
 Portfmouth 
 
 Kewpo^ 
 
 XIII. Another Road to Newport. 
 Wrentham (XII.) I1179 
 
 Providence 30I1199 
 
 Newport, by water 3011229 
 
 »4 
 »3 
 
 «7 
 
 »7 
 
 9 
 
 1151 
 1166 
 
 "79 
 1196 
 
 1213 
 
 1222 
 
 XIV. To Quebec. 
 New- York (XI.) 
 Kingfbridge i e 
 
 Ccncklin's ja 
 
 Croton's River 
 
 11 
 
 905 
 920 
 942 
 954 
 
 Peek's Hill 
 
 Roeers in the Hishlaodi 
 
 Fiftfltill. 
 
 Pouehkcepfie 
 
 Straiburgh 
 
 Schermerhorn's 
 
 Livingfton'a manor 
 
 Ciaverack 
 
 Kinderhook 
 
 Half-way houfe 
 
 Albany 
 
 Saratoga 
 
 Fort Edward 
 
 Lake George 
 
 Ticondcroga, by water 
 
 Crown Point 
 
 Fort Chambl^, by water 
 
 Lapraire 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Trois Rivieres 
 
 QUSBEC 
 
 loj 964 
 
 9 
 
 973 
 
 II 
 
 984 
 
 »4 
 
 988 
 
 II 
 
 IC09 
 
 16 
 
 1025 
 
 >4 
 
 1039 
 
 7 
 
 1046 
 
 «4 
 
 1060 
 
 10 
 
 1070 
 
 10 
 
 1080 
 
 36 
 
 1 116 
 
 20 
 
 1136 
 
 H 
 
 1 150 
 
 30 
 
 1 180 
 
 »S 
 
 •>9{ 
 
 88 
 
 128 
 129 
 
 »s 
 
 6 
 
 1304 
 
 So 
 
 1384 
 
 9* 
 
 «474 
 
 The number of inhabitants in the BritiOi Colonies, by a 
 M publiihed at Nevv-Jerfey, in 1765, was then as follows, 
 iincc which time they are very confiderably increafed. 
 
 Names of the Colonies. | Men able to hear arms 
 
 Numb, of Inhabitants 
 
 Canada, and Labrador 
 Nova-Scotia — 
 
 M^flachufets-Bay 
 
 New-Hampfliire 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Rhode-lfland 
 New-York -r— 
 
 The two Jerfcys — 
 Penfylvania, with the? 
 
 counties on Deh-warel 'oo.oo" 
 Virginia, with MaryJand 180,000 
 
 x\ova-aco 
 land / j^j 
 
 30,000 
 10,000 
 70,000^ 
 
 45,000 r 5" 
 15,0003 
 25,000 
 aojoco 
 
 coo 
 
 Noith-Carolina, 
 t£outb.Carolina 
 Georgia and Florida 
 
 30,000 
 45, coo 
 10,000 
 
 1 otal 600,000 
 
 120,000 
 
 40,00c 
 
 '780,000" 
 
 £co,ooo 
 
 100,000 
 
 80,0Q0 
 
 400,000 
 720,000 
 
 1-20,000 
 
 180,000 
 40,000 
 
 i,4oo^ooo 
 
 M O R T H 
 

 to 
 
 964 
 
 Hghlaodi 9 
 
 973 
 
 
 II 
 
 984 
 
 
 »4 
 
 988 
 
 
 II 
 
 IC09 
 
 
 i6 
 
 IC25 
 
 loor 
 
 >4 
 
 1039 
 
 
 7 
 
 1046 
 
 
 «4 
 
 J060 
 
 
 10 
 
 1070 
 
 
 10 
 
 1080 
 
 . 
 
 36 
 
 1 116 
 
 
 20 
 
 1136 
 
 
 14 
 
 1 150 
 
 f water 
 
 30 
 
 1 180 
 
 T 
 
 »s 
 
 •>9I 
 
 by water 88 
 
 ia8 
 1*9 
 
 
 »5 
 
 
 6 
 
 1304 
 
 RES 
 
 80 
 
 1384 
 
 
 P» 
 
 »474 
 
 Colonies, by a 
 
 ten as 
 
 follows. 
 
 Dcreafed. 
 
 nb. of Inhabit antt 
 
 to,ooo 
 
 
 fo,ooo 
 
 
 JOjOooi 
 
 1 
 
 lo,coo 1 
 >o,ooo j 
 
 .£co,ooo 
 
 >o,oopJ 
 
 
 30,000 
 
 
 k3,OGO 
 
 
 :io,ooo 
 
 
 .o,oco 
 
 
 .0,000 
 
 
 lojooo 
 
 
 ^o,ooo 
 
 
 fng 69 46.- lat. II, 5. "Safween 
 [hich and Turks Illand is a deep 
 Tiannel for fliips of any burthen. 
 leagues wide. ' 
 
 lAcAOjA, the nam*, ^f a pro- 
 
 morTTOTTre-Vir; and a mill'f^nhfv 
 
 J? N. W. fide, at the mouth of 
 this pafTagc, ^^ofc by the fca ; and 
 at the ''"'' -r .1-- - - 
 
 B 
 
 eua Qi the town is a plat- 
 
\ 
 
 NORTH 
 

 NORTH AMERICA, 
 
 AND 
 
 THE WEST INDIES. 
 
 IjtjLi 
 
 A C A 
 
 • BACCO, or Providence, one 
 Df the Bahama [flands, in the At- 
 lantic Ocean, fubjcd to England. 
 •^ong. 77. W. lat. i4. N. See 
 
 Abercorn, a fmali town in 
 jcorgia, about 5 miles from Ebe- 
 kzar, 13 N. W. of Savannah, fi- 
 luatcd on the river Savannah, and 
 Is the principal thoroughfare to Au- 
 Inrta, from whence it is d'^ant 01 
 
 Abingdon, a tr-wn in Phila- 
 Iclfhia county, in Pcnnfylvania. 
 iuated near Pi, " '^y^ 
 
 Abingdon, .j^n in 
 
 alvert connty, in , ^ 
 
 Abingdon, a i.i a. }„ 
 
 |c ancient colony of P:.i.„outb, in 
 ew l-ngLnd. 
 
 Abitibis, a lake north of Ni- 
 ing Lake, the N. E. boundary of 
 inada, in New South Wales, and 
 ' communication with James's- 
 , near Moofe Fori. Lone 78 c. 
 59- 3. ^ ^ ^ 
 BRO 10 s, or Baxos de Bahuca, a 
 k withfcvtral rocks and fmall 
 jflands E. of Turks Ifland, in 
 pong 69, 40. lat. zi, 5. between 
 «^ich and Turks Illand is a deep 
 ^hannel for ftips of any burthen, 
 [3 leagues vvide. 
 v.a, iiic name ot a pro- 
 
 A C A 
 
 vinci in North-America. See AV 
 
 V a- Scotia. 
 
 A CAP A I, A, a town in the pro- 
 vince of Chiapa, in New Spain, or 
 Old Mexico. It is fituated on the 
 nver Tobafco, near the city of 
 Chiapa, and not far from the bay 
 Tecoantepac, in the South Sea. 
 
 AcAPULco, a city in New 
 Spam, on a bay of the South-Sea, 
 220 miles S. E. of Mexico, the 
 chief port on thisfea, and the prin- 
 cipal mart on the whole coaft. Its 
 harbour is fnpcrior to any on the 
 coaft, being fo fpacious, that fevc- 
 ral hundred fhips may ride in it 
 without the hazard of damaging 
 one another. The mouth, which 
 is defejided by a low illand. about 
 a nnle and a half long, and half a 
 
 niWe broad, having a wide and deep 
 channel at each end; the wefter- 
 moft channel is the narrowcft, but 
 fo deep that there is ho anchorinir ; 
 and the Manila Ihips pafs. in that 
 way: but thofe from Lima enter 
 through the S. W. channel. Thi* 
 harbour cuis N. about three miles; 
 then growing very narrow turns 
 Ihort to the W. and a mile farther 
 It terminates. The town ftands on 
 
 u* '^' ^'^®' *^ '^^e mouth of 
 this pafTage. clofc bv the fi-a • ^n'* 
 at the end of cbe to'wn is a 'plat- 
 
 
 15'! 
 
l\ 
 
 / 
 K — 
 
 /»/> Af'/ft^////ifti Av> //^,>•/ 
 
 nsxroo 
 
 Lliax-lt 
 
 
 
 v« 
 
 .^c^i'^^' 
 
 
 
 
 :^^i'rc/ui en 
 
 -zr^.^l^M f^'^'f^'''<i^- I 
 
 T.P.vA^y 
 
 
 •-. 74»r 
 
 
 
 Llllil I 
 
 I. J/tu^nc TVi'o'/ 
 
 '■l!--'!l" 
 
 ii; ! i.i i i ' :L i i 
 
 //'om JdO//i/on 
 
_ , , , sat — — 
 
 E 
 
 r \itit/(;ttf I. 
 
 A 
 
 
 1^ r '* W^^-V ^^ 
 
 
 -^ ^ ''^'^ /^^^^^^ U^^^.^,,^ ^,,1'''^^;^^ S.v.,..A^'..- 
 
 
 ^'^ 
 
 -, CartIin<vcM/i% 
 
 
 icTa 
 
 
 
 
II 
 
 A C A 
 
 !" I 
 
 form mounted with gun*. Oppo- 
 fite to rhc town, on iTie E. fulc, is 
 a high nrong raflle, with gun* of a 
 large fize. Sliips coinmoiiiy ride 
 rear the Imtiom of the harbour, 
 iin-ler the command both of the 
 caflic and platform. The pert of 
 Acapulco is l)y much the kcurefl 
 and fined in all the northern parts 
 of the Pacific Ocean, being a bafon 
 furroundcd by very high moun- 
 tains; but the town is a moft 
 vretrhtd place, and extremely un- 
 healthy. The place is, betides, dc- 
 iMtutc of frefh water, and fo incon- 
 venient, that except at the time of 
 the mart, while the Manila fliip is 
 in the port, the town has but few 
 inhabitants. When (he arrives in 
 this port, is generally moored on 
 its wtdern fide, and her cargo deli- 
 vered with all expedition; wlitn 
 the town of Acapulco, from almoft 
 a Iblitude, is immediately thronged 
 ■with merchants from all parts of 
 JVlexico. The cargo being landed, 
 the filvcr and the goods intended 
 for Manila are taken on board, to- 
 gether with provifions and water, 
 and the ftiip prepares to put to fca 
 villi the utnioft expedition. This 
 city har high mountains on the 
 eaft fid-;, and from the end of No- 
 vember to the end of May they 
 have no rain ; and it is lb Lot here 
 in January, when the fair begins, 
 that the merchants are oblij;cd to 
 do all the bufineO they can in the 
 morning. When the fair is over 
 every body leaves the place but a 
 few blacks and mulattoes. 
 
 The chief- jurtice has twenty- 
 thoufand piecesof eight per annum, 
 and the coniptrolkr and other of- 
 ficers li'llc lefs than that fum. And 
 the curate, though allowed but a 
 hundred and eighty pieces of eight, 
 makes his place worth fourteen 
 thoufaud, by the burial-fees of 
 fl rangers who die here, or on board 
 the (hips in the harbour. There 
 is an hofpital here maintained by 
 dtdn^ions from ihe pay of the fol- 
 dicrs, and the alms of the nur- 
 
 ALA 
 
 chanti. There arc four mountainl, 
 which eppear above the harbour, 
 the lowed of which is next to the 
 fea, the higheft farther within land, 
 and S. It!, of that lies a volcano. 
 On thcfe mountains there are deer, 
 rabbits, and abundance of wild fowl 
 of fevtral forts. Within a league 
 to me E. of Acapulco is port Mar- 
 quis, a viry good harbour, where 
 the Ihips from Ptru generally run 
 in contraband goo»ls. Lat. 17, 
 l6. N. long. 106. 29. W. 
 
 AcAs Au AS ri AN, a river in 
 the province of Vera I'iiz, in Mexi- 
 co. It runs into the Golfo Duke, 
 f<iid has a town liaiattd on its 
 banks, uiuied alio Acifabaftian. 
 The fource of this river is not 
 far from the South-Sta. 
 
 AcAzATUi.A, a point of land 
 ai:d fcj-port, in the province of 
 Guatiniala, proper in Mexico, on 
 a bay of the South-Sea, about 4 
 leagues from Trinidad. It receives 
 the greatell part of the trcafures 
 from Peru and Mexico. In its 
 neighbourhood are three volcanoes. 
 AcoMAC, a county of Virgi- 
 nia, in North-America, being a 
 pcninfula; bounded on the N. by 
 Mar-yland; on the R. and S. by 
 the Ocean; and on the W. by the 
 bay of Chcitfapeak. Cape Charles 
 is ar the entrance of the bay, being 
 the moft fouthern promontory of 
 this county. 
 
 AcouKZ, a favage nation of 
 Indians, inljabiting part of Ca- 
 nada. 
 
 Alabaster, or E lent her a, one 
 of the Rahama or Lucaya lllands, 
 on which is a fmall fort and garri- 
 fon. It lies on the Great Bahama 
 Bank. The foil of this ifland, and 
 Harbour-ifland, which lies on the 
 N. end of it, i- better than Pro- 
 vidciueiiland, and produces the 
 greateft part of the pine-apples that 
 are exported; and the climate is 
 fo healthy that it is not uncommon 
 to fee pcrfcns there above loo years 
 old. Long. 76, 5, to 77. iat. 25 
 to 3.6. 
 
ALB 
 
 Af.ATAMANA, a confidcrahlc 
 river In Georgia, and it ihc hoim- 
 dary of that colony N. as the Si- 
 va.iiuh is S. It riffj in the Apa- 
 Jachun Mountains, runs S. E. thro* 
 Georgia, and fdili into the Atlantic 
 Ocean helow the new town of Fre- 
 derica. 
 
 At,BA^fY, a county in the pro- 
 vince of New- York, containing a 
 vaft tra(f> of fine bw bnd. hs 
 chief commodities are wheat pcafc 
 and pine boards. The wintas in 
 this rountry are commonly fevcre; 
 and Hudfon'f river freezes Co hard 
 an hundred miles to the fouth- 
 ward of Albany, as to bear fleds 
 loaded with heavy burdens. The 
 pat quantities of fnow that fall 
 here are ferviceable to the farmers 
 not only in protc^ing their yrain 
 from the fro(f, but in facilitntina 
 the iranfportation of their boards 
 and other produce, to the banks of 
 the river, 
 
 Aluasy, the capial of the 
 coimyofitsnamc, in the province 
 of New- York, i jo milts from that 
 city and i^o from Onebcc. It 
 was the place of treaty lictween our 
 governors and the Indians depen- 
 dent on the Britift crown. It con • 
 mts of about 350 houfcs, built of 
 brick in the Dutch tafte, governed 
 by a mayor, recorder, fix aldermen, 
 andasmanyafnnants; has a city- 
 ftail, and a fort, compofed of a 
 rquare with four battions. The 
 greatefl part is fortified only by pali- 
 <adoes, and in fome phces by fmall 
 "nnon, planted in block-houfes. 
 I has a)(o a fherifT, town-derk, 
 
 chamberl.in, clerk of the markets 
 conOables, and a marfha). The 
 fiT-trade at Ofwcgo is of confidera- 
 blc advantage to this place. Lat 
 43- 10. N. long. 44. ap. w. 
 
 Aid A NY, a Britiih fortrefs, in 
 Newfouth Wales, fituatcd on the 
 
 [Ilf • ."'r^'"" name, emptying 
 ifelfinoJamesVbay.' Lat/ s{, 
 10. N. long. 81,20. V. ^^' 
 
 .Albemarle, a county in Vir- 
 gima, which h« the Fluvanna flow 
 
 AMP 
 
 on th^ fouth-fide of it, Tcveril 
 branches from which run up this 
 county. It U bounded on the E. 
 by Goochland county, and by 4 
 ridgc of mountains it divided from 
 Auguna county on the W. and it 
 nas Louifa county on the N 
 
 Alrkmarlk, the moft Smt- 
 thcrti part of North-Carolina. Sea 
 Carolina. 
 
 A '.GO Nqtf INS, a ravage nation, 
 inhabiting part of Canada, on the 
 N. fide ot Lake Huron •> gencrallv 
 at war with the Iroquois. ' 
 
 Alkansas, a lavage nation in 
 Louifania,utuatcd 34'' N. latitude 
 on the weft fide of the river Mif.' 
 Iiflippt, near a river of the fame 
 name. 
 
 ALL-SATNTs.iflundsnearGua. 
 deloupe. See Xantcs. 
 
 AL MARIA, in New -Spain, 
 Mexico. See Vilh Rkca. 
 
 AMATiquK, a fea-port town at 
 he mouth of the river G,Mnacus. 
 thatruns mtoalagune, uhichem- 
 ties itfelf into the Amatiq.ie Gulf 
 or Gulf of Honduras, in the pro* 
 yince of Vera Paz, Mexico. The 
 inhabitants are chiefly logwood- 
 cutters, and on the S. of the go:'' 
 IS a tra« of land called A matL^ 
 i-and. Long. 89. lat .5, 23. 
 
 Amelia, a county of Virjiinia. 
 fituatcd among feveral rivers, hav- 
 ing Cumberland county on the N 
 Prince George county on the e' 
 Lunenburg county S. aud W. 
 
 Amklia Islr, fitiiated about 
 7 leagues N of St. Augudjn, ot, 
 the coaft of E Florida. It j, 
 about 2 miles broad, and 13 Ion? 
 and is within a league of Sr* 
 John s river. * 
 
 A M u. p A s , two volcanoes in the 
 province of Guatimala, in New- 
 Spain, near the mountains of So- 
 con ufco. 
 
 . Ampalla, a city and fea-port 
 in the province of Guatimala, Mexi- 
 co, fitnated on the Gulf of Guati- 
 mala, m the Gulf of Mexico. It 
 IS 235 miles S. E. of the city of 
 Guatimala, and carries on a brilk 
 
A N G 
 
 trade In cochineal, cocoi, hides, 
 indigo, Sec. 
 
 AmstirDam, N«w, a place 
 In North America, firft difcovered 
 l)y Hudfon, and fettled I>y tiie 
 Dutch. It lies on the l);?y and 
 river formerly called Mautratte. 
 Sec }'ork. New. 
 
 Andalusia, New, a pro- 
 vince of Terra Firma, on the roaft 
 of the Atlantic oppolitc the Lee- 
 ward Iflatuis. 
 
 ANUASxrs, a fa vagc nation in 
 Canada, bordering on Vifj^inia, 
 
 An DOVER, a fniall town in 
 New England, in the province of 
 M^nachufcts - Bay and countv of 
 EfTcx. ' 
 
 St. Andris, «n ifland on the 
 Mofquito Shore, off" the Pearl keys, 
 in LHt. II. 30. long, 81. 30. 
 
 Akdros, iflandson the S. W. 
 of Providence, in the Bahama 
 Iflands. Thefe the Spaniards called 
 Ydas del Efpiritu Santo, and take 
 Mp a fpace of 30 leagues long and 4 
 or J broad, interfered by a num- 
 ber of very narrow paffages. 
 
 Anegada Islk, one of the 
 Viioin 1 (lands, and dependent on 
 Viroin Gorda. It is about 6 leagues 
 lonp, is low, and almoft covered 
 by ihc fea at h\e}\ tides. It has a 
 poini on the S. fide called 'freafure 
 Point. Long. fij. lat. i8, 35. 
 
 Angelos, or Ti.AS CA t.A, a 
 province of Mexico, extending to 
 l»oth the North and South Seas, 
 having That part of the former 
 which is called the Gulf of Mexico 
 on the Ji. the province of Guaxaca 
 on the S. E. the Pacific Ocean on 
 the S. the province of Mexico 
 Proper on the W. and that of 
 Penuco ou the N. from which it is 
 divided by the river Tufpa, or 
 Cavoncs. From one fea to the 
 other it is 100 leagues; about 80 
 along the Gulf of Mexico, and ao 
 upon the South-fea coaft. Its foil, 
 climate, and produft, are much the 
 
 llie W. fide is a chain of mountains 
 of i 8 leagues, well cultivated ; aad 
 
 A N G 
 
 another great ridge of mountain* 
 on the N. W. the neighhonrhcod 
 of which fubje^n* it U, fliockinj; 
 tcmpefts, horrid hurricanes, and 
 frcvjueut inundations ; yet this is 
 allowed to be the moft populous 
 country in all New Spain, whicli 
 is partly afcribed to its having been 
 originally an ally to Cortcz, in the 
 conijued of Mexico, who obtained 
 a grant of the Emperor Charles V. 
 then alfo king of Spain, bt whiclj 
 it is to this day exempt from all 
 fervice or duty whatfocver to that 
 crown ; and only pays the king of 
 Spain an handful of maize pir 
 head, as an acknowledgment, which 
 inconfiderabic parcels, almoft 40 
 years ago, amounted to near 13,000 
 bulhels ; for it produces fo much of 
 that Indian com, that from thence 
 it had the name of TIafcala, i. e. 
 the land of bread, which name it 
 gives to its principal town. By 
 this means the towns and villages 
 fwarm with Indians. Its principal 
 towns arc Acafuchithan, Achia- 
 chicj, Tufpa, Zacatlan, Cazerci, 
 Njf^la or Almira, Torre Blan.a, 
 Pnnta Delganda, Sampula.Xalappa, 
 Puebia, Tcpeafa, Coidova, Funta 
 Biava, New Vera Cruz, &c. Tlicy 
 fpeak the Spanifli tongue, and 
 fcarce any other ; are perfcrtly re- 
 conciled to the Spanilh cufh>iiis, 
 and grateful for the countenance 
 and deference (hewed to them 
 above their fellow-provinces. It 
 vyas anciently governed by kings, 
 till, civil wars arifing in it, the peo- 
 ple formed themlclvcs into ao 
 ariftocracy of many princes, to get 
 rid of one. They divided tin 
 towns into different diftrifts, each 
 of which named one of their chiefs i 
 to rcfidc in the court of TIafcala, 
 where they forriied a fenate, whofe 
 rcfolutions were a law to the whole. 
 Under this form of government, 
 they maintained themfelves againft 
 the bifhops of Mexico ; and con- 
 liiiucd liicii' ariftocracy till ihclr re- 
 ception of the Spaniards under 
 Cortcz. 
 
that from thence 
 5 of Tlafcala, i.e. 
 cad, which name it 
 rincipal town. By 
 
 towns and villages 
 Hans. Its principal 
 ifuchithan, Achia- 
 
 Zacatlan, Cazcrcs, 
 ira, Torre Blan.u, 
 i,Sampi)Ia,Xalappa, 
 "a, Goidova, Funta 
 
 A N G 
 
 Anguii.la, or Snaktf Ifland, 
 fo called from its windings and ir- 
 re^riilar form, bein^ lo leagues in 
 length, and three in breadth ; 25 
 leagues N. W. of Barbuda, and 15 
 frcm St. Chriftophcr's. It is the 
 mod northerly of all the Caribhce 
 iflandi, pudhiled by the Englilh ; 
 and may «afily be fcen from St. 
 Martin's, which is about 18 leagues 
 to the E. The country is woody, 
 but pcrfeftly level. It abounds 
 with tame cattle fince it was flocked 
 by the Europeans, of which, before 
 their coming, was to be found only 
 theoppuffum. The Englifli fettled 
 here in i6so, in a fruitful foil, 
 where they cultivated tobacco, 
 planted corn, and bred cattle, for 
 which purpofe they brought a flock 
 with them ; but were, as they are 
 now, very poor. Some have re- 
 moved hither from Barbadocs, and 
 others of the Englilh Caribbee 
 lllands. They fubfia moftly by 
 farming, planting Indian corn, and 
 other kinds of hufbandry, but plant 
 very little fugar or cotton. This 
 poor ifland has been frequently pil- 
 lagcd by the French. The num- 
 ber of militia fomc years ago was 
 not more than fourlcore, and yet 
 they repulfed a body of French in 
 *74S» '0 the number of 1000, who 
 made a defccnt, and marched up 
 to a breaft-work, but were fo well 
 
 ANN 
 
 rccnvcd by this handful, thai they 
 were forced to retire with the lofs 
 of ijo men, bcfides colonrs and 
 fire-arms. The climate is very 
 healthy, and the inhabitants ftrong 
 and vigorous. The exports, in 
 1770, amounted, in fugar, rum, and 
 cotton, to near 6oobl. 3800I. of 
 which was for Great Britain, and 
 the reft for N. America. Long. 
 62- 10. lat. 18.4. * 
 
 Cape Ancuille, a point of 
 land in Newfoundland, on the VV 
 Cclc in the Gulf of St. Lawrence' 
 J leagues N. from Cape Ray ; the 
 5. W. extremity of liw ifland ia 
 "*• 47, 57- 
 
 E. of the Great Bahama Bank, anl 
 N. of the ide of Cuba. Long. 78 
 10. to 79, 30. lat. 23,30. to H.io, 
 Annapolis, the chief town of 
 the county of Anne-Arundel, in 
 Maryland. It was formerly called 
 Severn, and by an ui\ of the af- 
 fcmby, 1694, was made a port- 
 town; and a coUeftor and naval 
 officer were ordered to refide here 
 at which time it was called Anna- 
 polis. The county. court was re- 
 moved to this place, a church was 
 built within the port, which was 
 made a parifli, and, in the year 
 1699, the port of Annapolis was 
 inadc the chief feat of juftice within 
 this province, for holding aflem- 
 blies and provincial courts ; and 
 all writs, pleas, and procefs, re- 
 turnable to the provincial court, 
 or to the court of chancery, were 
 niade returnable to Annapolis. The 
 affcmbly paflid an aO: for founding 
 a frec-fchool, c»llcd King William's 
 School, and ordered others to be 
 creOed here under his patronage, 
 andthearchbifhopto be theirchan- 
 cellor. Truftees were alfo appointed 
 under the names of reftors, trnf- 
 tecs, governori, vifitors of the frec- 
 fchools of Maryland. But the dc- 
 fifiti of this good bill never took 
 effea:. The county-court for or- 
 phans IS kept there the fecond Tuef- 
 day in September, November, Ja- 
 nuary, March, asd May. The re- 
 cords of the county of Anne-Arun- 
 del are removed to this town, which 
 now confifts of about 150 houfes 
 not having flouriflied according t<> 
 expeilation; andwhile planters and 
 merchanciaffeft to live fcparately 
 here, as they do in Virginia, there 
 IS little profpeftof there being an» 
 fiouMlliing town in the provinc^ 
 It is not paved, and the flreets are 
 very irregular. It is fituated on a 
 peninfula formed by the rivsr Se- 
 vern and two fmall creeks, and af- 
 fords a. beautiful profpeft of CItca- 
 fapcak-bay, and the ''e. fbore be- 
 yomlit. Lat.;j(^5,N. l^n^^^e^ 
 
 »3 
 
ii H 
 
 ANN 
 
 AwNAPOMs-KovAL, « rowrn 
 and bay in Nova Scotia, called 
 Port-Rcvval by the French, when 
 M. Dc Points came over from St 
 Croifc with a French colony, in 
 J605. It had the name of Anna- 
 
 fiolii in honour of Queen Anne, 
 n whofc reign it wa* taken by the 
 Enclirti nnder Colonel Nicholfon. 
 This harbour it of difficult en- 
 trance, befules the great fogs here ; 
 fo thit only one fhip can pafs in or 
 out It a time, and that with the 
 greateft precaution, the (hip being 
 obliged to go ftcrnmoft, by reafon 
 of the ftrong currents and tidis 
 here. This difficuhy excepted, Na- 
 ture has fcarce omitted one thing 
 to render it the fincft h irbour in 
 the world. It is two leagues in 
 length, and one in breadth, having 
 H fniall jfland, called (loat Ifluid, 
 ulnioft in the middle of the bafon, 
 which is fiiid to be large enough to 
 contain all the fliips in America. 
 Jfs depth of water is no where Icfs 
 than four or five fathoms ; the 
 bottom is every where very good; 
 and fljips may be fecure in it from 
 all winds. I'he town is not larce, 
 but has fome very handTome build 
 ings, though the generality are but 
 two ftories high. The old fortifi- 
 cations were dcmoliflicd by the 
 Knglifh, and new ones enflcd.with 
 lines, and four baftions large and 
 veil faced, with a deep d.y moat, 
 a covered way, and counterfcarp, 
 a half moon, and outworks de- 
 tached from the body of the place; 
 fo that it is in little danger from 
 an altack. There are alfo fcveral 
 batteries of guns to the fea, io dif- 
 pofed as to keep ofTan enemy; nor 
 can it cafily be attacked but by a 
 bombardment. At (he bottom of 
 tnc bafon is a point of land, fepa- 
 rating two rivers, where the tide 
 rifes 10 or 12 feet; and on each 
 fide are plcafant meadows, which in 
 fpring and autumn are covered with 
 all forts of I'lflh- water fowl. The 
 pliicc fubhlts liy the traffic of Ikins, 
 which the favages biing down in 
 
 ANT 
 
 exchange for European goods. It 
 has uifo a pretty good trade in lum- 
 bet and fim. 'I'hc governor refidel 
 here with a carrifon, which com* 
 monly confifFt of joo iJlnelifh. 
 Laf.44, 50, N. long. 65,^, W. 
 
 Cape Anne, a conhderabfe 
 loint of land, with a harbour, in 
 
 aflachiifeti-Bay, New England. 
 L«t. 41, 45. long. 70, 17. 
 
 Princess Annk, a county in 
 Virginia, on the fea coall, of which 
 Norfolk is the principal town. It 
 has the Back -bay, which runs 
 through the Curratuck into the At- 
 lantic, on the S. the Atlantic on 
 the E. Cheafape-jk-bay on the N, 
 and Norfolk county VV. 
 
 Ann K-AiiuNDK.L, a county in 
 Maryland, N. of Charles county, 
 S. ot Baliimorc county, and is wa- 
 tered by the river Severn, on which 
 ftands the capital Annapolis. 
 
 St. Annk's, a port in the Ifle 
 of Cape Breton and Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, on the E, fide of the 
 ifland, where the firtiing-vefTcIs of- 
 ten put in. Long. 60. lat. 47. 
 
 Anson, an inland county of 
 North Carolina, with the old boun- 
 dary-line of South Carolina on the 
 S. and the Catabaw nation and 
 town on the \V. Mecklenburg 
 county on the N. and Bladen and 
 Cumberland counties on the E. 
 but is without towns. 
 
 A n T I c o s Ti , a barren ifland 
 in the mouth of the river St. I^aw 
 rence. Lat. 49, 30, N. long. 6a, 
 36, W. 
 
 Antigua, or Antego, one 
 of the Caribbee Iflands in the Weft 
 indies, fituated 60 miles to the 
 eaflward of Nevis, and St. Kitt's. 
 It is almoft circular ; being about 
 3 leagues long, and 4 broad, and 
 6 leagues in diameter, and near 60 
 miles in circumference, containing 
 108 ftjiiare miles, cijual to Cp.ayj 
 acres. It is more noted for good 
 harbours than all the Englilh 
 iflands in thefc feas ; vei fo incom- 
 paffcd with rocks, that it is of 
 ilaiigcrous acfds in many parts of 
 
>unty, and is wa- 
 
 ANT 
 
 it, a ledge iyin^ all along the north 
 Tide of it, near twomilen from tlie 
 fhoie. It hng fix remarkal>le har- 
 bours. I. Five-Ifland harbour on 
 ihc weft fide of the ifland, fo called 
 from five fmall iflands that lie to 
 the wert of it. 2. St. John's har- 
 bour, due norih from the former, 
 is a lort of double harbour, the heft 
 and muA ufed in the ifland. There 
 is a Tandy bar acrofs the mouth of 
 it, which runs from the N. point 
 of tlic entrance, where the fort 
 fiands, firetching S. W. to the op- 
 polite point. On this bar there arc 
 but two fathom and half water, and 
 but two in the N. point. Btlidcs 
 the fort at the mouih of St. John's 
 rivtr, which is mounted with 14 
 cannon, there are fcven other bat- 
 teries. 3. Nonfuch harbour, a 
 fpacioHS bay at the E. end of the 
 harbour; on the N. fide of the 
 harbour it is foul and rocky. 4. 
 Wilioughby bay, two leagues S, E. 
 fiom the laft harbour, has a wide 
 mouth ntar a league over, but there 
 is a fand or ftioal which almofl 
 blocks it up, from whence another 
 point, called Sandy-point, with an 
 illand in it, ftretches ofT. Between 
 thcf'e, however, is a good entrance, 
 an 1 very good riding in every part 
 of it. 5. Englilh harbour. And 
 6. Falmouth harbour to the S. W. 
 At the bottom of Falmouth har- 
 bour, lies Falmouth town, defend- 
 ed by fort Charles, and Monk's 
 Hill fort, which has a magazine. 
 
 The climate is hotter than Bar- 
 hadoes, and like that fubjcft to 
 hurricanes. The foil is fandy, 
 woody, and without one brook, 
 there being few fprings in the 
 ifland: the inhabitants coUeft the 
 rain in cifterns and ponds, as wtll 
 for their own ufe as their cattle ; it 
 is remarked that this water is very 
 light, extremely pure, and very 
 W'holrfome. The foil is much vari- 
 f«l, but in many places it is a fine 
 
 ANT 
 
 
 in wihcrs 
 
 a cl 
 
 fliff but fertile. The ifland 
 
 ay, pretty 
 
 one year with another, but does rot 
 make half fo much rum in propor- 
 tion to its fugar, though both itiiy 
 be improved by due encourage- 
 ment. They do not plant much 
 tobacco, though what they do i« 
 very good; the wild cinnamon 
 grows in their low lands, or favanna 
 woods. It abounds in venifon. 
 black cattle, fowU, and moft of 
 the animals in common with the 
 other iflands. The number of in- 
 habitants are compufid (Englifli, 
 white, and negroes, included) at 
 about ^4,ooo. It was difcovered 
 much about the fame time with St. 
 Kitt's, in 1639, The firft grant 
 of it from the crown appears to 
 have been from Charles 1 1, about 
 l<J<J3, to William Lord Wilioughby 
 of Parham ; and a colony was plant- 
 ed in \66^. It was furprifed by 
 the French in the fame year, and 
 fuirendercd to them. It made no 
 figure in commerce, till Colonel 
 Chriftopher Codrington, jieutenant- 
 governor of Barbadocs, came and 
 fettled here in 1690. There hap- 
 pened a moft dreadful hurricane 
 here in 1707, that did vaft damage 
 to this ifland and Nevis, more than 
 to any of the Caribbees. In Ofto- 
 ber, 1736, was the plot of Court, 
 Tonibay, and Hercules, three Indi- 
 ans, who had conveyed gunpowder 
 under the ball-room, where the 
 governor was to give a ball ; but it 
 was happily difcovered, and they 
 were all executed. It has a lieute- 
 nant-governor, a council, and its 
 .Tembly confifts of 24 members, It 
 >!> divided into 6 parifhcs and 11 
 diflrifts, of which 10 fend a mem- 
 bers each, and St. John's 4. The 
 number of vcflcls which enter year- 
 ly is about 300. In 1770 they ex- 
 ported to the value of 446,0001. 
 flerllng, including 500I. cotton, 
 the reft fugar niolafles and rum. 
 Lat. 15 30. N. Long. 57.45. W. 
 Antilles, a clufter of iflands 
 111 the Weft indies, dilHnguiflied 
 
 pro- into Great and Small. The Antill 
 
 diicfc wAryr. u ----— -■— r-- •"'V, ^.vci a„u omaii. I ne Antilles 
 
 duces 16000 hogflicads of fugar, lie from 18 to 24 degrees, north 
 
I 
 
 
 ( ! 
 
 d 
 
 ART 
 
 latitude ; are diftinguilhcd into 
 Windward andLccwardlflands, and 
 lie in the form of a bow, ftretching 
 from the coart of Florida, north, 
 to that of Brafil, fouth; the moft 
 remarkable of them are Cuba, 
 Jamaica, Hifpanioh or Domingo, 
 and Porto-Rico. See each under 
 its proper article. 
 
 Antiqj;kra, a fca-port town 
 !n the province of Guaxaqua, in 
 Mexico. 
 
 APALACHIAN MoUNTArNS, 
 
 or Aligany Mountains, 
 an extenfive chain of mountains, 
 running parallel with the Atlantic 
 ocean, and about 150 miles diftant 
 from it. 
 
 ApALACHicoLA, the river 
 that is the boundary between Eaft 
 and Weft Florida, which rifts in 
 Carolina, and falls into the Apala- 
 chian bay, near St. George's ille 
 and Cape St. Blaze. 
 
 Apalachya, the name of a 
 town and harbour in Florida, 30 
 leagues eaft of Penfacola, and the 
 fame weft from the river Del 
 SpiricH Santo, which falls info the 
 Gulf of Mexico, at the N. W. end 
 of the peninfula of Florida : on 
 both fides of it live the fcveral 
 natioBS called the Apalachian In- 
 dians. 
 
 Apple Island, a fmall unin- 
 habited ifland in the river St. Law- 
 rence, Canada ; on the S. fide of 
 the river, between Bafque and 
 Green iflands. It is furrounded by 
 rocks, which render the navigation 
 dangerous. 
 
 Arcas, an ifland in the Gulf of 
 Mexico, in the bay of Campechy. 
 Lat. 20. o. Long. gx. ^o. 
 
 AR.AZIBO, one of the principal 
 places in the ifland of Porto Rico, 
 in the Weft Indies, yet has but 
 few inhabitants, or little trade but 
 fmuggling. 
 
 AR.MOU CHicjuois, a wild na- 
 tion of Indians in Canada. 
 
 Ar'-'ba» a littla i'Tand in the 
 Weft Indies, belonging to the 
 X)utch ; horn wheix:« ihey bring 
 
 Ave 
 
 provifions for their garrifons and 
 negroes. It is one of the Little 
 Antilles, 14 leagues to the weft of 
 Cura9ao. It is uninhabited, and 
 produces little befidcs corn and 
 wood. 
 
 Aruotdel, a town (hip in the 
 north divifion of Hew England, 
 called New Hampfhire, fitiiated on 
 the fea coaft, and having the point 
 of land Cape Porpus wirhin its 
 diftrift on the E. and Biddleford 
 townfliip on the N. E. with Wells- 
 town townfliip S. W. 
 
 Ash FORD, a town in theconn^ 
 ty of Windham, in Connefticut, 
 New England. 
 
 AssiNois, a favage nation of 
 Indians, inhabiting the forefts of 
 Canada. 
 
 AsTCHiKOUNiPi, a vaft lake 
 in New Britain, abounding with 
 whales, and fuppofed to communi- 
 cate with the Northern fea. 
 
 Atra I o, a confiderable river, 
 which runs into the Gulf of Mexi- 
 CO, near Carthagena. 
 
 Attlebo ROUGH, a town in 
 Briftol county, in the antient colo- 
 ny of Plymouth, New England, 
 N. of Rehoboth. It is remarkable 
 for its great increafe of inhabitants, 
 houfes, and trade, within a few 
 years before the late difturbances; 
 before which it was but an obfcure 
 village. 
 
 Avalon, a peninfula at the S. 
 E. corner of the ifland of New- , 
 foundland, which is joined to the 
 ifland by a narrow neck of land 
 that has Placentia-bayonthe S. and I 
 Trinity-bay on the N. The E. 
 partof this peninfula is incompafied 
 by the great bank, and has, befides 
 the two former bays, the bay of 
 Conception on the N. and the hay 
 of St. Mary's and Trepafly-bay on 
 the S. It contains feveral excellent 
 harbours, bays, and capes; among 
 whom are St. Mary's, Pine, Race, 
 Ballard, St. Francis, &c. 
 
 *-- •■•; "* —-.»•-.• ... ., oift-'i ••• 
 
 the Wert Indies, fiftuated in l>at. 
 
 «■ 
 
AUG 
 
 from the great number of birds 
 that breed there, yet is without 
 a tree, which obliges them to lay 
 their eggs in the fand. A flioal 
 runs from hence to the iftands of 
 Saba, St. Euftatia, and St. Chrifto- 
 pher, which (is about 2 leagues 
 broad, and from 10 to '20 fathom 
 founding's. 
 
 AvEs, another Bird Island, 
 among the Little Antilles, between 
 the coaft of St. Jago de Leon, in 
 Terra Firmi, and the illand of 
 Bonaire. 
 
 Augusta, a fort on the river 
 Savannah, in Georgia, which is a 
 thriving place, where the traders 
 from Carolina and Gfeorgia rcfort 
 to for trading 'with the Indians. It 
 is fituated about 230 miles up the 
 river Savannah, which is navigable 
 for boats. Roads are made from 
 hence to the Cherokee Indian 
 towns, on the W. of it. 
 
 Augusta, an inland county of 
 Virginia, fituated among the moun- 
 tains which divide it from Albe- 
 marle county on the E. Lord Fair- 
 fax's boundary N. and by moun- 
 tains S. and W. It has fevcral 
 rivers, and the great path 'from 
 Virginia to Maryland parfes through 
 it. 
 
 St. Augustin, a city in Eaft 
 Florida, in N. America, fituated 
 on the Eaftern coatt of the penin- 
 fula, V afhed by the Atlantic ocean, 
 about 80 leagues from the mouth 
 of the Gulf of Florida, or channel 
 of Bahama, and 47 from the town 
 and river of Savannah. It is built 
 along the ftiore, at the bottom of 
 a Iiill, in an oblong fquare, di- 
 vided into four ftreets. Near it is 
 the church and monaftery of the 
 order of St. Auguftin. The caftle 
 is called St. John's fort, built of 
 foft ftone, has four baftions, a 
 curtain 60 yards long, a parapet 
 nine feet thick, and a rampart 20 
 feet high, cafemated, arched, and 
 bomb-proof. There are 50 pieces 
 of cannon, 16 of which are brafs, 
 and fomc arc 24 pouiider* : it has 
 
 B A F 
 
 a covered way, and the town is 
 entrenched with ten faliant angles. 
 In 1586, Sir Francis Drake took 
 it ; and, in 1665, it was plundered 
 by Captain Davis, the buccaneer. 
 The Engliflj and Indians of Caro* 
 lina attacked it again in 1702, un- 
 der Colonel Moore, who aban- 
 doned it after three months ficge, 
 after plundering and burning the 
 country, leaving the fhips and 
 ftores to the rncmy, on the fight 
 of fome Spanifh cruizers ; and 
 marched back to Charles -town, 
 300 miles, by land. General O- 
 glcthorp was the laft who bcfieged 
 it, in 1740; he bombarded both 
 tl e town and caflle, but was ob- 
 liged to raife the fiege. Lat. 30, 
 8,N. long. 81, 10, W. 
 
 St. Augustin's Port and Ri- 
 ver, on the coaft of Labrador, near 
 the ftraits of Belle-Ifle, and oppo- 
 fitc to the bay of St. John's, New- 
 foundland. It is about 8 leagues 
 from Great Meccatina Ifland, and 
 has two iflands in the harbour ; 
 about two miles S.W. runs a chain 
 of^fmall iflands, called St. Au- 
 guftin's chain, the outermoft of 
 which is a remarkable round 
 fmooth rock. Long. 58, 50. iat. 
 
 Ayennis, a nation of wild 
 Indians, inhabiting part of Flo- 
 rida. 
 
 Azu A, a little town in the ifland 
 of St. Domingo, In the Weft In- 
 dies, on the Southern fide, be- 
 longing to the Spaniards, at the 
 bottom of a deep bay. 
 
 B 
 
 Baffin's Bay, a golf fo 
 called from one Baffin, who 
 difcovcreditin 1662, in his attempt 
 to find a North-weft paflage into 
 the South Sea. This bay runs from 
 Cape Farcwel into Weft Greenland, 
 
 .. .. *,.,, i'axatl'^13 Ul 
 
 60 and 80 degrees N. lat. It a- 
 bounds with whales, cf])eci3lly the 
 upper part of it. 
 
 I 
 
1(1 
 
 hi 
 
 B A H 
 
 Bahama Islands, railed hy 
 the Spanfanii laicayos, take in, 
 under thii dcnonHnatinn, all the 
 iflaiuls in general wliicli arc to the 
 North of Cuba and St. Domingo. 
 The fir(t difcuvery of the New 
 World bcRan ()<f> ii, 1492, at 
 (iunnahani, or Cats Ifl.ind, one of 
 them. They were then full of peo- 
 ple, and the inhabitants were lim- 
 ple and mihl, and lived happy in 
 the midft of plenty. As tfiry pro- 
 duce no gold, the Spaniards made 
 no fcttlcmcnt there, but they foon 
 tranfporlcd their inhabitants to the 
 mines of St. Domingo, which they 
 had almoft depopniafed : and at 
 the end of 14 years there did not 
 , remain a fingic inhabitant in the 
 Bahamas. Then whoever chofc it, 
 were permitted to occupy them, 
 when the Englini took pollcflion of 
 them; and Charles H granicd all 
 the ll;diama Iflcs to rhe proprietors 
 of Carolina, who ftill chiim them. 
 They fcnt feveral povcmors, and 
 built the town of NallJi), which is 
 now the leat of goviinment, in 
 the iflmd of Providence. The 
 number of the Bahama Iflands is 
 very confidcrable, and amounts to 
 feveral hundreds, which hardly e- 
 mergc oiu of an immenfc fea-bank; 
 but, excepting about 15, are In 
 general very low and narrow ; and 
 others, for the moft part, are only 
 fniall rocks, or little fpots of land 
 even with the water's edge. The 
 principal, which has given its name 
 to the whole archipelago, is Grent 
 Bahama, in the Northern bank, 
 called the Little Bank of Bahama, 
 whofe fituation is E. and W. and 
 about JO leagues from the coalt of 
 Florida. At a little diflance to 
 the E. is Lucayoncque, of near 
 the fame fize, whofc fituation is 
 N. and S. To the N. of both is 
 that of Lucayo, which has only 
 half their dimenfions, but whofc 
 name has been given to the whole 
 range i iu liiu.tiion is i;. and W. 
 
 A channel of 8 or 10 leagues fe- 
 parates the Little Bank from ih« 
 
 BAH 
 
 Great Rink of Bahama, in which] 
 is the illind of Providence, with 
 the great ifland of Al.ihader, or E- 
 leuthtM, whirh Ims Ilarhour Ulaiid 
 on the North rape. The iflcs of| 
 Atidros are on the S. W. of I'ro. 
 vidcnce, which lake up a fpacc j« 
 leagues long and 5 broad. IV 
 wards the S. E. are Stocking, Ex- 
 uma, and Yuma or Long Iflaini, 
 The J- !* c Guanaiianl, the firft 
 land i d in America by Co. 
 
 lumboi ,w called Cats Ilhiiid, 
 lies K. Of the Great H^ink, and fc 
 paratrs from it by Mxuma Sound, 
 The climate of thcfc illands ii 
 very temperate the land in gciirrai 
 fruitful, and the air very healthv, 
 Their greatcft difadvantage is the 
 want of water, and being fitiiatcd 
 amongff innumerable (hoals und 
 rocks, in a tcnipcfluous fea full of 
 currents, that renders them innc. 
 cedible to great ftjips. There are 
 only three that are inhabited, Pro- 
 vidcnce, Elcuthera, and Harboiit 
 Ifland. On the coafls is found 
 ambergris, and the inhabitaiils 
 catch great quantities of green tur- 
 tie. Thrfr ifl.mds alfo produce 1 
 great vaiicty of dying-woods, lii;' 
 ntim vitK, and mahogany. The 
 exports, in 1769, amounted to a* 
 bove 6000I. and, in 1770, there 
 were entered inwards 81 floops or 
 fliips, and 84 cleared outward*. 
 Between Long mA and St. Do- 
 mingo are fpriaklcd many unin- 
 habited iflands. 
 
 In thefe iflands are two pariflifs, 
 viz. 1, Pariih of Chrili - Church, 
 comprehending the ifland of New- 
 Providence, in which is the town] 
 of Nartau, the capital, and theon» 
 ly port of entry, except at Turkt 
 Iflinds. a, St. John's Parifli.coin- 
 prehcnding Harbour Ifland and £• 
 leurheta. 
 
 'I'he number of inhabitants arc 
 computed .is follows : in New-Fio- 
 vidence about 600 Whites. 500 
 Negroes, Mulattocs, Sec. free, and 
 about 1300 ditto ilaves. In Har- 
 bour ifliuid, 340 Whites, 130 N«- 
 
 n : 
 
BAN 
 
 Toei, Mulattoes, 8cc. Eleuthcra, 
 C6o VVIiitcii, 230 Negroes, Mu- 
 Bjtioc.% £cc. Cat Idand, iix fa- 
 niliet. Exuma, only two fami- 
 lici. Turks Iflands, about 500 
 nfn in the Talt-fcafon, but at other 
 limes about half that number j the 
 pihen return to Herinuda. 
 
 Hah A MA, the chief of the Ba- 
 bmia I (lands, in the Well fndics, 
 thciit 20 leagues from the coalt of 
 ti'lirida, and about 10 Weft from 
 llic iil.ind of I.ucayd, from which 
 |lidc il1aud$ arc ulfo called L,u- 
 fjya Ml.inds. It is about 28 leagues 
 liMij;, .tnd three broad. It is very 
 Iriiitful, the air fcrcne, watered 
 villi multitudes of fprings and 
 brooks. It produced great quan- 
 lity of faflafras, farfaparilla, and 
 h'(l-wood, which were all dcflroyed 
 liy the Spaniards, its chief pro- 
 Jiiicc now is Indian wheat, fowls, 
 fcnda particular kind of rabbits : 
 llicy have other provilions from 
 prolina. Their chief commerce 
 Is afTifting, with provilions, fhips 
 iiich are driven in here by boilte- 
 hnis winiis. 'i'his is fituated on 
 jlicfan(l-l)ink called the Little Ba- 
 liama Bank, which extends itfelf 
 K'nrtiivvard 60 miles. The ftrait of 
 Bahama, or Gulf of Florida, lies 
 t)tt*eiMi the coaft of Florida and 
 tliis idaud. The Spanifli fliips «re 
 bl)iig<-(l to wait an opportunity to 
 bat's this llrait from the Havaniia 
 Jiomcward ; and the llrait is 16 
 ■laguts broad, and 45 long. 
 
 HAi.ri MoRK.acounty ihemofl 
 Northern in the province of Ma- 
 hland, in North America, on thr 
 JV. Udc of the bay of Cheafapeak, 
 leaching to the bottom of it. Its 
 liucf town is alfo called Baltimore : 
 llie houfes are draggling; fo that 
 ■lie townlhip is rather a fcattcred 
 tillage, or parilh. This county is 
 lalled from Lord Baltimore of Irc- 
 Ispd, 1631, to whom it was granted 
 J>y King Charles I. Its capital Hes 
 I'l N. lat. 39, 30. and 76^ 35, W. 
 ^ng. 
 
 Bantrv, or Braintree, a 
 
 BAR 
 
 little town, with a free-fchool, In 
 the county of Suffolk, in New- 
 England. 
 
 iJARnADOEs, one of the Ca- 
 ribbec IHands, and next to Jamaica 
 for importance, in theWeft- Indies; 
 about 15 miles long, and 14 broad, 
 circuit 45 miles, contains about 
 106,470 acres, or near 140 fquare 
 miles. It lies 20 leagues Eaft from 
 St. Vincent, which may be fcen 
 from it on a clear day; ae from 
 St. Lucia, a8 from Martinico, 60 
 Irom Trinidad, 80 from Cape de 
 Salinas, and 100 from St. Chridi- 
 plier's: it is ufually ranked among 
 the win.lward divifion of the Ca- 
 ribbccs, being a day or two's fail 
 from Surinam, the Dutch colony. 
 It was the firft difcovered of any 
 of thcfc iflands, and is therefore 
 Hilcd Mother of the Sugar Colonics. 
 In the year 1625, when the Englilh 
 firfl landed here, they found it ab- 
 folutely defolatc: it had not the 
 appearance of having been peopled, 
 even by 1 he moft barbarous Indians, 
 There was no kind of bead, either 
 of partureorof prey; neithe- fruit, 
 herb, nor root, for fupporting the 
 life of man . Yet, as this climate was 
 good, and the foil appeared fertile, 
 I'ome gentlemen of imall fortunes, 
 in England, in 1627, became adven- 
 turers. About 23 years after its firft 
 fett lenient, in 1650, it ctintained up- 
 wards of 50,000 whites, of all fcxcs 
 and ages,ind a much gi'catcr number 
 of blacks, and Indian flaves. The 
 former they bought, the litter they 
 acquired by means not at all to 
 their honour. 7his fmall ifland, 
 in i68o, peopled by above 100,000 
 fouls, was not half cultivated. A 
 little before 1645 t'lcy learned the 
 art of making fngar; and in a fliort 
 time, by the means of this im- 
 provement, grew every day fur- 
 prifingly opulent and numerous. 
 About this time, the government 
 „i .,..g...n.,, rrntvii w.is men m tne 
 hands of Cromwell, confined the 
 trade of Barbadoes to the mother- 
 country, which before was managed 
 
BAR 
 
 l)y ihc Diitrli. SpvcirtI of ihe royul 
 r»riy h(««| fird Imlici, uiwi IVom ifiii 
 Iflrtiid KluK ("Inrlrn II. erc<tr«l ff 
 l)«ronoii, <omc ctf wliom weiv w orlli 
 lo.nool «yr«r,4Hcl no onr irfKhtui 
 » llioiifMiul. lit t(r;6, tlinci np 
 praml no grc«r liu-icrtlii of liwir 
 ^»hifcll, but II vKiMo one in their 
 n«;S»'oe«. They then rmploycd 400 
 f«il of Ihipi, ol 150 ton*, one with 
 •nothfi, in thfir irndc, unit ihrli- 
 •nnvitil fX|»oii« in iii,{«i-, Indl^.,), 
 ginun-, iolloo, Stc ninouDIrd to 
 ^1<>o,oool. thcli- iliiMiluihur ciih at 
 
 I'hf pl.tmio 
 
 homo wui aco.oool. 
 irnidtf grtitt h«vork hcic, in lOga; 
 which reditrcd i he nnmhcr of wliiirn 
 to a5,ooc,nnd the iirnioe» to 80,000. 
 It «l prrllnt lifli rthoiit 94,000 In- 
 htU»it«i\t«, fmong whom air rrr- 
 koncd l»ut aa.ooo whites, which 
 give* thr proportion of four J>huk« 
 to « whho, Thfy liAve ut prfcot 
 lix regiment* of iolantry, three of 
 cnvxiry, and one of jjnnitU, ail tiont 
 nien, wcU dilciplined. 'I'he trade 
 l« fo conlidcmble ai< to employ .joo 
 vcllcli, of mII hnrdciis. The prin- 
 cipal articles of cxportati()n arc 
 aloci, cotton, ginger, t'lijiar, rum, 
 nudaden, which In 1770 to Great- 
 Britain amounted to v « oool. to 
 Norih-Americd lao.oocl, and to 
 ll»c other Ulandu 4j:i,oool. flcrlioR. 
 It i» fortified In- "nature, all along 
 tlie wimlw.ird IIioit, by tlic rocks 
 ■lid (hoah. To m to be nearly inac- 
 rellibleJ on (he hrwAid lldr it has 
 good hubonrs; but the whole coill 
 is proteded by a j^ood line, of le- 
 vciai miles in lenjith, and I'cveral 
 fort* to defend it at the mod ma- 
 terial places. They lupport their 
 own ctl^blilhment, which is very 
 confulerabic, with great credit; the 
 Ciovernor's pUcc ulonc being worih 
 at leart 6000I. a year. The clergy 
 Hfc well prcvideit tor, who are of 
 the church of Enttland, which {< 
 the iTli}»ion fllablithed here ; there 
 being very few Diliinters. They 
 nave a college, founded here by 
 Colonel Codnngton, the only inlli- 
 Utiou of the kind in the Wcd-Iu- 
 
 BAR 
 
 HIm. Hrldgrtown Is iha <!*»{ttl of|| 
 the illnnd, which was much Injured 
 by a late lire. The country of 
 Harbrtdoei has a very luxuriant and 
 bcauiiliil apprnriince, fwclllng into 
 p.eiitly riling bills, which, with thsi 
 verdure of the nigar-cancs, ihi 
 bloom and fiagrnnce of the oranjje, 
 lemon, lime, and citron trees, 1 
 numlirrofrlep.nnt and urcfulplanfi, 
 and I he houCcs of the planir rs thiik 
 lown ill! MJim^j the country, fntni 
 M delluhilul feme, 'I'he climate It 
 very hot, but the nir pure ; ami 
 though It dor» not oener.iie an* 
 hind- wind, the hral is inodcrHtcd 
 by the coiiMant trade-winds. I.ikt 
 moU of thr other illands it |» fub 
 'ic(\ in (lie Cummer months to ior» 
 nadocs and hurricanes. Its pro- 
 <lu<ls are, belidcs what is meniioiieil, 
 the palm, tamarind, fig, aloes, l)j, 
 nanus, cedar, mallick, cocoa-tiff, 
 and c.icao, the lad make» choco- 
 late ; and alio papas, gnivan, pal. 
 mrttoes,cScc. Lai. 13, 5, N. l.oii». 
 59. 3». W. * 
 
 lUituuoA, or RAKnouTfus, 
 511 idand, one of the Ciriblico, 
 .•?5 '.nits N. of Antigua ; 53 N. K 
 •'. vSt.Chriflopher's. It is ^ Iragiiej 
 long, and h:ilf a league broad. I 
 is low hind, but fertile, and w^ 
 planted by titc Knglilh as ejlrly -^ 
 any of the l.eeward Ulaods, cxccpf 
 iit, Chrilloplier's, who callol it Dil 
 c.wj ; but thoy were b. dilluilm 
 by the Caril>beanK from Dominici 
 who generally invaded them twifr 
 H year, in the nij«Iit time, that thf) 
 were often forced to defert it. At 
 lcnt',ih, their numl)crs in the other 
 illuuls inciealinn, and that of the 
 liivatjes dcciealing, they lepoflol]^ 
 it ; to that in a few years it lis 
 laoo inhabitants. Ft isfubjeft, 
 the Codrington family, who mai- 
 tain a great number of ncgio 
 here, to whom it produces ;>l>e 
 5000I. per annum, and has no' 
 lornc hundreds of inhabitants. Its 
 coalls arc full of rocks, and there 
 is but little water on fhe illand. 
 It abounds in black cattle, fljccp, 
 
n A R 
 
 kUU 
 
 '';. f^^vv. el.cl„.v.li„,,o which 
 « Hir ehlri cmj>l„ymcin of the 
 liilul.U,„iU, who make aic.it r>,„. 
 fHofthclrrjlri.,ihc..thp,i(In!,|,. 
 •'i.l il.e UuglUh hnrc live lifter 
 the m/iiiiifr o»' our fuif.'ilh fir 
 mcr, iMthcwayof,Ic,,lin,,j„;y. 
 «"*!. f.'ffenhij{, „n.| j;-,,,!,,,,, f„ 
 n'-'iKcf. Tho |;|,.,„| ,„,„|„.t, 
 ci.nm«, |.on.r,;r,n.,»e,, or,,,,..,.. 
 
 coco. „„„, ,„.] ,;„„„ ,,,,,1^^,^, . 
 •n.l fcvcral nnc «„d v,.l„.,|,|c 
 w.MMs hchi. mots a.i.l.h.,)!,; 
 
 » H...hl W..O.I. cl,o„y ..,,|j;„ 
 
 clnnanmn, pi„c n,M,h.«; c.,„o„ 
 Pfrpn-. r.'"!'.'!', iihlfj.0, p<.»ai,)c/ 
 
 fomc however «rc not ve„o.noui 
 «-..|,Idlroy,„hT vermin, «,, -a,, 
 ;;,"'S -" 'ro«^ Here h »um 
 '"Prii')5 th..n at Nevis, «„.| it i» 
 'CI n- pUntc.l th,,„ ,h.U ii|.„„| i, 
 ;•;.)-.. W. Lat. ,7. 50. long. 
 
 «AK"/^ St. a town of Mcxl- 
 
 B A S 
 
 0, . . Ncnv H.fcav, i„ the nei.h 
 VH.r!.oo,l of whfch urc very ri^h 
 
 N-W 01 the city „f Mexico. 
 ■!-•'• io, lo. h)njT. 1,0^ . 
 
 "ANsTAiu.K, a town', county, 
 ■ml l,,,y „, New England. A 
 
 «<'n.,s htuato,!, li/, c.peCod 
 '•^ t«>wn ,s iKuatc.l on 1 Lyenas 
 
 i';rcmnfuJaopcn ,o the .^,1,,,. 
 mile r ' " .*'^'"'"'"'" '^ •''"»•' 
 
 |«"'<latitsI,,,ok. ^• 
 
 B'^XNUKM., .1 fort 20 milrc 
 
 |-(;;;;y of Craven, in NonhS 
 Pj u.nn.y „, Plymouth Colony, 
 
 b1 S. h. from Prcnidcncc. 
 *AkTHOi.cMjtw, St. one of 
 
 N , ' ■'•; J- ""»'>PI'C.'«, «n.l 30 
 
 fie lu,,,,c.i„cn-ru.,fcrc,,ee,l,„t 
 
 /m hill.. ^ro,m-lf,f for mnnuring. 
 
 ' p.»>lucc,,oV....o. c.llav., and 
 
 "-.M.N vvnh vvoo.I,. The'trc , 
 
 «' nedceo, are. 1. The foup 
 
 or ..locMrec. >. The calehaek. , 
 
 f' n, whirh U r-Tkone.l «n ex- 
 CrI ent ealharfic >i 1 1 "" '" 
 «l.,,r. I "''V • 'l* ' ''<* I'iroinnc, 
 
 t.. in;: mot u^\u, a-ul forn, ; 
 
 ^ time of a.rack. All '..lonJ 
 nunc „,. n.ofc kind of u2 
 
 h . '" •^^••■T'-«». whofa 
 >ot.« .» are wr.n.Irrfnlly p|,i,e4 
 
 '"Ro.her, ..,n<llook.TsiftLtJre 
 PMo. On the Ihore arc ulfo 
 
 .MMul the fea./tar and the re." p! 
 pic. I ere u an infinite varieiv 
 
 me-f one. wluch they cxpori to 
 
 tl'c adjacent ifland*. 'rhey dc- 
 
 C ''" "'Vki« f-r water. Lch 
 
 I'^y keep ui ciflcrn*. U now 
 
 >clongs to the French, ,0 whom 
 
 w;, rcimnrd in ,76,. rUo ■ 
 
 ;'n; If. tool, it, in /J ,,,,';« 
 
 u.l,r.nchl.y,woEnA'priva^ 
 
 '." f""» Ant.gna. Jt, fl,orrg 
 
 -ecxtremolyd..nficrous, a„,i ,hc 
 
 approach OK them re4nir'es an ex! 
 
 Pcncnccdpdot; but it enjoy, nn 
 
 •xcc lent harho.r, in which Ihips 
 
 of any i„e arc (hdtcrcd from -^1 
 
 -; - H.i)f i.s iahahirant" ari 
 
 I'./i I upids, whole dcfccndnnts 
 
 ^ttlcclhercin,66r,. There is alfo 
 
 "".«"""' vir.x and iron wood 
 
 Uas,„.kkrk. the chief town 
 
 . .h. ,n,.nd of St. Chn/bpha-. 
 I IS /.timed at S. £. end of the 
 
 'l;»ml,andisapIaccofconridera. 
 ■•= trade. See . f. CImlhphcA 
 
 ;'y^<>.tRoya].arr;a.no;V:iS 
 
 yl'u.lt and very irregular. 'This 
 
 to.o.sthe(catcfgov«rmentlo; 
 
 JJast.mentos, iaiads near 
 
BED 
 
 the ifthmiu of Darien, and fome- 
 what weHward of the Samballnes- 
 iflands, at the mouth of the bay 
 of Nombie de Dios, very near 
 the fhore; famous for admiral 
 Hofier't lying before them with a 
 Britifh fquadron fome years ago. 
 Lar. 9, 30. long. 79, 4c. 
 
 Bath TO WK, a fmall fea-port 
 town in the county of Tyrrel, and 
 didriA of Edenton, in North 
 Carolina, lying on the northern 
 bank of the river Pamticoe, where 
 ir has a cuftom-houfe, with a coU 
 Jeflor. Lat. 35, 30. long. 77, 15. 
 BKAuroRT.atownanddillriftin 
 S. Carolina, includes nil the places 
 to the S. from Combahce river, 
 and the fwamp at the head of the 
 R. branch of that river, between 
 the Tea, including the iflands ; 
 the boundary continuing from the 
 main fwamp to Matthew's Bluff*, 
 on Savannah river. 
 
 Bkau/ort, a fcaport town m 
 the county of Granville, in 9outh 
 Carolin-, fituated on the iHand of 
 Port Royal, x6 miles frrm Pnr- 
 ryfburg, and 43 fro in Charles- 
 town to the S. W. Vt has a good 
 ibrt, but is not Co well fortified. 
 It is expe^cd from its harbour, 
 and liti'.don, that it will become 
 the caoiul of South Carolina, as 
 it is al'/eady the (lation of the 
 Britilh fquadron in thofe ftas. 
 
 Beaufort a county of North 
 Carolina, in the dillri^ of New- 
 born. 
 
 BxAuroRT, a feaport town in 
 i North Carolina, in the county of 
 . Carteret, and diftri *l of Newbern, 
 in Core Sound. 
 
 Bkef Island, one of the 
 fmaller Virgin Jflands, in the 
 Weft - Indies, fituated between 
 Dog ifland W. and Tortula E. of 
 it. It is about 5 miles long £. W. 
 and near i broad, N. S. in Sir 
 Francis Drake's bay. Long. 63, 2. 
 lat. )8, 23. 
 
 Bedfosd- 3 rm^Il town in 
 Middlefcx county, Maflachufets- 
 bay, on the river Concord, 6 miles 
 W. of Woburn, and 7 N. from 
 Concord* 
 
 BEL 
 
 Bkpford, a town In Lotjg 
 Ifland, New - York, 6 milei S. 
 from New-York, and the fame 
 diftance N. W. from Jamaica bay. 
 Bedford, a town in the county 
 of Weft Cheftcr, New-York, ;5 
 miles N. from New-York, and 
 10 E. from the Topang Sea, n 
 N. from Long-Idand Sound, on a 
 branch of Minimock river, near the 
 Stamford river, from the head of 
 which it is diftant 3 miles N. W. 
 
 Bekia, Becouva, or Oo- 
 <tviA, a fmall Englilh ifland a- 
 mong the Grenadilles. The French 
 call It Little Martinico; 55 miles 
 to the N. E. of Granada, and 65 
 leagues from Barhadues. It has 
 a tafe harbour from all winds, 
 but no frcfl) water ; and is there- 
 fore only frequented by the inha- 
 bitants of St. Vincent, who came 
 hither to fiOi for tortoifc. The 
 foil produces wild cotton-trees, 
 and plenty of water-melons. 
 
 Belhaven, or Alexan- 
 dria, a town in Fairfax coun- 
 ty, Vir£inia, on the W. fide of Pa- 
 tnwmack river, 14 miles N, E. of 
 Colchefter, 8tt miles S. E. of Win- 
 chefter, and 30 miles W. of An- 
 napolis. 
 
 Belinsgate, a town and I 
 point of land in Barnflaple 
 county, in Plymouth Colony, New 
 England, fituated on the W, fide | 
 of the peninUila, in Cape Codj 
 Bay, 5 miles N. of Silver oprings, 
 and 10 S. from Cape Cod harlwur, 
 
 Bellingham, in Suffalk^ 
 county, Maftachufets-Bay, in ihepi 
 midway between Mendon andf 
 Wrentnam, and z miles N. of| 
 Blackftone river. 
 
 Bel l-i sle Island andl 
 Straights, at the mofl N. endofl 
 Newfoundland, and the entranctl 
 into the Gulfof St. Laurence. Thtl 
 ifland is about 7 leagues in circuit,! 
 and on the N. W. fide has a fmillj 
 harbour fit for fmall craft, calledl 
 
 I arlr HaiKr 
 
 i.'S.t^ ... 
 
 littltl 
 
 ifland that lies clofe to the fl]or(il 
 and at the £• point it has ano(ha| 
 fmall harbour or cove, that wif 
 onl; admit filhiog Ihallops ; froa 
 
a town In Long 
 York, 6 milei S. 
 3rk, and the fame 
 . from Jamaica bay. 
 I town in the county 
 ;cr, New-York, ;5 
 n New-York, and 
 le Topang Sea, 12 
 -Idand Sound, on a 
 imock river, near the 
 ', from the head of 
 ant 3 milci N. W. 
 Iecouya, or Do< 
 I EngliH) ifland a- 
 adillcj. The French 
 klartinico; 55 miles 
 f Granada, and 65 
 Barhadues. It hai 
 r from ali winds, 
 'ater ; and is there- 
 icnted hy the inha- 
 Vincent, who came 
 for tortoifc. The 
 wild cotton-trees, 
 water-melons. 
 N, or AlexaN' 
 n in Fairfax coun- 
 1 the W. fide of Pa- 
 , 14. miles N, E. of 
 miles S. E. of Win- 
 3 miles W. of An- 
 
 B E R 
 
 whence k U only 16 miles to the 
 
 B E R 
 
 Coaftof Labradore. Lonjr. ce. 10 
 Jat.51, 55. * "'^^ 
 
 Bergkn, a town and county 
 on Hudfon'g river, in New Jer- 
 fey, over againft New York, and 
 was the firfl planted of any of 
 this trart; moftly inhabited by 
 Dutch. See Ntiv York. 
 
 BcRxsHiRx, a county in Pen. 
 fylvania whofe length it very 
 great, bounded on the S. E. by 
 Philadelphia and Chcfter coun- 
 ties, N. E. by Northampton 
 county, and S. W. by Cumberland 
 and Lancafter counties. 
 
 BiRKLKjr, the name both of 
 a town and county in South Caro- 
 lina, lyinr to the N. cf Colleton 
 county, near Cowper and Afhlev 
 rivers. On the N. is a little river 
 called Bowall-river, which with a 
 creek forms an ifland; ando/Tthe 
 cu-il are feveral iflands called 
 Hunting-iflands, and Sillwent's- 
 i/lsnd. Between the ktter and 
 Bowall river i, a ridge of bills, 
 called the Sand hills. The river 
 Wando waters the N. W. parts of 
 this countv, and runs into Cowper 
 "T\^°. """ing their fireams 
 with Afhley river at Charles-town. 
 LiRMuDAs, acla.^ef offn-iU 
 Iflands a confidcrable di fiance 
 trom the continent. Hither re- 
 tire., fcvcral of the parliament 
 pnrty after the Relloration ; and 
 waller the poet has given a very 
 pretty poem on them, it being 
 the place of his flight. They ar! 
 not together 20,000 acres, very 
 fi>fr.cult of accefs, being, as Wal- 
 Isf exprcfTcs if, walled with rocks. 
 M their coaQs are dangerous, fo 
 
 rffi '^*'^ ^'''^"^5 ^"d hcrbours 
 difficult of accefs, their entrances 
 "e'ng narrow, and fhoaiy; but 
 what renders thefe iflands fliU 
 more dangerous is the current, 
 
 g5p"V.^""'N.E. from the 
 Gulf of Florida, which is re- 
 ri^rkably flrong here. The air 
 
 fin- r V r"-'"2i!i ; ana US 
 
 Jne fituation invited the great 
 
 Berkley, bilhop of Cloyne, to fol- 
 «« «iucen Anne for founding 
 
 an 
 
 univer/lty here, the pFa„ cf 
 which that great genius had e». 
 cellently well modelled; but the 
 jliiecn was diverted from this pra. 
 
 fteri. The chief buflnef. her* 
 ufed to be that oi' huilJing floops. 
 and other fmall craft, for the 
 
 I w n ^*." ^°"^ Amtx\c^ and 
 the Wen indies; which are built 
 Of cedar, and arc very duraMe. aa 
 no worms will nenetrate them. 
 I he founds and furrounding Teas, 
 arc well iTorcd with fiflif and 
 amber^nfe is fomefimes found a- 
 mong their rocks in limps of 
 confiderable bigncfs. Tncy fend 
 noihmg to England ; though for- 
 merly when the Bermudas hats 
 were brought icto fafhion Ky the 
 bifliop, they got a good leal of 
 caih from England. Tne hats 
 were verv elegant, made of the 
 leaves of palmettocsj but thd 
 trade and the faftiioti wert toae: 
 gether. The foil is ncgleftfd. 
 and ihfir beft produftion is cedar 
 wuh fome white- ffone, which 
 they fend to the Wed - Indies, 
 i ncir whites arc about 7000, the 
 muldttoes and blacks aie about 
 6000. The blacks bred here are 
 the beft m America, and as uftful 
 as the whites in navigation. The 
 people of Borniuflas are poor but 
 healthy, contented and vny chear- 
 ful. It is well adapted to the cil- 
 tivation of vines, and might be 
 worth while even for the Icgifla. 
 ture to encourage fuch an ufcful 
 »mrrovcment. They are called 
 Somer - iflands, not from their 
 plca/int or warm fituation, but 
 from Sir John Somers, bart. who 
 vvas ftiip wrecked here; and was 
 the fecoud after John Bermudas, 
 in 1503, that improved the dif- 
 coveryo/ them. The number of 
 this clr..1er is computed to he 
 about 400. They arediftani froni 
 the Land s-cnd 1500 leagues; fror* 
 the Madeiras 1200. from Hir,,,, 
 n:oJa 400, and zoo from Cape- 
 Hattaras m Carolina ; which laffe 
 1$ the neareft land to thcra. JUt:. 
 3*, 15. iong. 64, 8., 
 C2 
 
(li 
 
 B I L 
 
 Bekn, New, a fmall town in 
 the county of Craven, in South 
 C oliiia, lying on the foiitlicrn 
 biinl; of the livcr Parotitoe, or 
 Panugo. Lat. 3^5, 15. lon{;itHdc 
 77. 1°. 
 
 Ht R R Y - fsLANDS, a fni.ill 
 chiftcr of ilJands, on tiicN. W. 
 point of the Great Bahama Hank, 
 in the Cliannel of Providence. 
 ^on^r. 75, 40. hit. »5, 50. 
 
 Bertie, a maritime county in 
 North Carolina, in the dilliiit of 
 Edcnton, with the Roanoke its 
 iJ. boundary, and Albemarle found 
 on the L. In it is fituatcd the 
 Indian tower of Tu/iaroraw. 
 
 Kkuwick, a town in York 
 county, Penfylvania, about 7 miles 
 N. of Hanover, and j6 W. of 
 York. 
 
 Bethlehrm, a village in the 
 county, of Orange, in the province 
 of New York ; very fruitful in 
 pafture, and makes large ijuanti- 
 ties of excellent butter. 
 
 Beth i. r. hem, a town in Nor- 
 thanipton coiniy, Ptnfylvania, 5 
 miles ii. of Northampton, and 
 lo S. VV. of Kalton, and ftands 
 on a luanch of the Dclawar river. 
 
 B K V K a I. K V, a maritime town 
 in New England, in the j rovince 
 of MiffJchufrts-Bay, and county 
 of Efilx, fiuiatcd on the *>. of 
 Cape Ann, and the N. fide of 
 Burlcy Brook, 2 miles North of 
 Salem. 
 
 BlEQUE rSt.AND, or BORI- 
 
 QjUEN, or Crabs Isle, one of 
 lheVitj;in Iflcs, x leagues from 
 Porto Kic.o, 6 leagues long, and 
 a broad. I'lie Englilli fettled there 
 twice, and have been driven away 
 by the Sp.uiiards, whofe intcrdt 
 it is to let it remain defolite. It 
 has a rich foil, and a good road 
 on tlieS. fide. I,af. 18, 2. long. 
 64, 30. See Cr.jbs Ifle. 
 
 BiDDEFORD, a town in the 
 comity of York, Province of New 
 HaniplTiire, in New - England, 
 near 'he mouth of Sako nvcr and 
 bay, 10 miles N. fr«m Wells, 
 and 20 S. from Brunfwick. 
 
 iiiLLERiKA, a fmali town ill 
 
 B L A 
 
 Middlcfex county, MafTachufeti. 
 n.iy, on the banks of the river 
 Concord, ab( ut 6 miles W. uf 
 Wilmington, and 5 N, of Bcd- 
 for('. 
 
 Hi R Ds Kky s, a rock or ifland 
 am^ngthc Virgin IIIukIs, in the 
 Wed Ihdief. It is lound, and 
 fituattrl about 2 te.igues M. of St, 
 John's idand, and has its name 
 from the quantities of birds which 
 rcfurt thtrc. Long. 63, ao. lat, 
 
 17. <5' 
 
 Hi M I Ni Isle, one of the 
 
 Lucaya or Bahama Iflands, on the 
 
 W. fide of the Great Bjnk, near 
 
 the Gulf of Florida, and lias a 
 
 good harbour. 
 
 Biscay, a province of Mexi- 
 co, abounding m filver mine?. It 
 is bounded on the N. by Mexico, 
 and on the W. by Floritia. 
 
 Black River, an Englifh 
 fettlenicnt at the mouth of the 
 river Tinto, 20 leagues to the E. 
 of Cape Hcnduras, the only har- 
 bour on the Conft of Terra I'ir- 
 ma, from the ifland of Rait.m to 
 Cape Grar'as a Dios, and was for 
 more than 60 years the refuge of 
 the Logwood Cutters, when the 
 Spanijids drove them from tlie 
 forelis of F.iift Yucatan; which 
 occifioncd adventurers of diffcrenl 
 kinds to fix here, where the coaft 
 is fandy, generally low and fwam. 
 py, with mangrove-trtcs : higher 
 up, near the rivers and lagoons, 
 which arc full of fifh, the loil il 
 more fertile, and produces plan- 
 tations, cocoa-trees, maize yams, 
 potatoes, and fevcral other vegf. 
 tables; and the palTion of drink 
 ing rum has made them begin to I 
 plant fugar-cants. The foicfls 
 are full of deer, Mexican fwine, 
 and game. The fhores abound I 
 with turtle, and the woods wiili 
 mahogany, zebra wood, fsrfapi- 
 rilla, &c. and indeed the wholtl 
 fettlemeiit fiourilhes fpontaneoullj 
 without cultivation. 
 
 Rl.ADKNi a countv of N"'"''' I 
 Carolina, in the diftri^ of Wil' 
 mington, and is the boundatM 
 county to South Carolina. 
 
Ys, a rock oi- i(l.md 
 ■gin Ifl.iiKis, in the 
 
 It is loiind, and 
 a !e.i;;>ici }). of St. 
 
 unci liat its name 
 cities of birdi which 
 Lon^. 6j, 20. lit, 
 
 IsLK, one of the 
 lama (fliinds, on the 
 c Great Bank, near 
 Fluriila, and lias i 
 
 I 
 
 I province of Mfx;« 
 ^ in filver mine*. It 
 
 the N. by Mexico, 
 
 . by Fh.>ri(!a. 
 
 VKii, an En|>Ii(h 
 
 the mouth oi" the 
 
 Lo leagues to the E. 
 
 Iiiras, the only hnr- 
 
 Coaft of Terra I'ir- 
 
 ifland of Rait.in to 
 
 a Dios, and was for 
 
 years the rt-fugc of 
 
 Cutters, when the 
 
 ve them from tlie 
 
 (\ Yucatan; which 
 
 cnturcrsof difTcrenl 
 
 ore, where the coaft 
 
 rally low nnd fwam- 
 
 grove-trees : higher 
 
 rivers and lagnrns, 
 
 I of fjfh, the loii is 
 
 and produces plan- 
 
 -trees, maize yams, 
 
 fevcral other vegf. 
 ic palTion of drink 
 iiade them begin to I 
 ant<;. The forcOs 
 er, Mexican fwine, 
 The fhorcs abound | 
 nd the woods wiih 
 ■bn wood, fsrf'api' 
 1 indeed the wholtl 
 irilhes fpontaneoullj 
 ation. 
 
 3. counts of N^rt'i ! 
 the d\(\r\a of Wi 
 d is the boundatJI 
 ,th Carolina. 
 
 BON 
 
 Blanco, an ifland 35 leaguei 
 from Terra Firma, and N. of 
 Margarita-Ifland, in the province 
 cf New Andalufia. It is a flat, 
 even, low, uninhabited ifland,* 
 dry and healthy, moft of it favan- 
 na$ of long grafs, with fomc trees 
 cf lignum vii». It has plenty of 
 guanoes, I-at. 1 1, 45. long.6-}, 36. 
 Bland FORD, a town in Prince 
 CJrorgc's county, Virginia, on the 
 S. bank of a branch of Jamei 
 river, 2 miL's E. of Peter/burg, 
 
 Ho L 1 N c R o K K , a town in Tal- 
 kot counry R divifion of Mary- 
 land, on the N. W. point of Chop. 
 tank river, Chefapcak - bay e 
 .mi'csE. of Oxford. 
 
 Hon Ai RE.an ifland.almof} un- 
 inhabited.on the coaflof Venizie- 
 la, in the kingdom of Terra Fir- 
 ma It lies about ao leagi-cs from 
 the continent, and 14 E. of Cu- 
 raff la, and belongs to the Dutch, 
 It is about 18 leagues in compafs* 
 has a good bay and road on the 
 S. W. fide, near the middle of the 
 illand. Ships that come from the 
 taflward make in clofe to fhore 
 and let go anchor in 60 fathoni 
 deep water, within half a cable's 
 tength of the (bore; but muft 
 make fafl a-fhore, for fear of the 
 land-winds in the night driving 
 Jertofea. There arc only a few 
 houfcs, and about a dozen fol- 
 diers, who do little or no duty 
 There is a fort, with five or fix 
 Indian families, who arc hufband- 
 men, and plant maize and Indian 
 corn, fomc yams and potaioes. 
 1 here is a great plenty of cattle 
 here particularly goats, which 
 they fend to Curajoa, falted every 
 year. There is a ifalt pond here, 
 where the Dutch come in for 
 lait. Lat. 12, 10. long. 67, 30. 
 
 BoNAvisTA,abay,cape, and 
 port on the E. fide of New-found - 
 land,, where the Englifh have a 
 Ictilcment, and ftagcs are crefted 
 Jor the fifhcry, which is carried on 
 iiere with or^^a* r..-.^./". t 
 
 53, 5. lat. 49, 5, « 
 
 B O 5 
 
 Bos TOM, lately a very noft* 
 and opulent trading town, the 
 metropolis of New -England, in 
 North-America, in the county of 
 Suffolk, till the town was pro- 
 fcribed, and port removed by the 
 Englifh parliamcnt,April4,, 774, 
 for refufing a tax oh rca, which 
 they dertroycd in ,774. The 
 Kings forces in a great meafurc 
 detaced the lown, by pulling 
 down fcvtral buildings to fupply 
 themfclves with firing during the 
 Jatecontefts; before which it wa» 
 the largcft an,! niofj confiderable- 
 cify of all the Britifh empire in. 
 America; and was built the lat- 
 ter end of the year 1630, by a 
 part ot a colony which removed 
 lutherto from Cliarlcs-Iown, and 
 Jtands uoon a peninfula of about 
 four miles c rcumference, whhiw 
 44 miles of the bottom of MafTa- 
 chufets Bay. It was greatly da^ 
 maged by an earthquake, on OO^ 
 29. t7*7« It is the moft ad- 
 vantngcouHy fitu-tod for trade of 
 ""yp'/" '" North- America; on. 
 Jbc N. fide are a doaen fmalir 
 Jllands, called tlie Brcwficrx one 
 of which is called Noddlc's-ifJand. 
 ,Ihe onlv i..fe way for entrance 
 into the harbour is by « channel 
 
 fo narrow, as well as full of iflands. 
 that three ftiips can fcarce pafs in 
 a-breaft; but there are proper 
 inarks to guide them into the fair 
 w.'yj.and within the harbour 
 there IS room enough for 500 Ihips, 
 to lie at anchor in a good deph of 
 water, where they were coveredJ 
 Dy the cannon of a regular andi 
 very ftrong forirefs now ia ruins.. 
 At the bottom of the bay is a 
 very noble pier, near 2000 feet: 
 
 in length, along which on the N. 
 
 fule extended a row of warehoufes.' 
 The head of this pier joins the: 
 
 prmcmal ftreet in the town, which. 
 
 IS, like mofl of the others, fra- 
 
 ci.'us and well buik. The town. 
 
 had a fine and flnkinc appcaranc*. 
 
 at entering, as it iics'at' the verw 
 
 bottom of tne bay, lik« an ami: 
 
 plutheatre. It hat a lown-houfe. 
 
 Where the courti aci> aod^Uie^ejs^' 
 

 I 
 
 I 
 
 ,* 
 
 BOS 
 
 cVianjrc kept, large, and of a tole- 
 rable tadc of^rcbitcaiirf. Round 
 tlie cxrhanj-e are .i great mimber 
 of 1 ookfcl'crs fliops, wliicli, till 
 lately, found employment for five 
 prtniingprcflcs. There are 19 
 placts of woidiip, 3 only of which 
 ore epifropiil, and 7 arc for dillcn- 
 ters, which arc lofty and clejjnnt, 
 with towers and ipircs: snd it 
 contained about 6occ hoi.lcs, and 
 at leaf! 30,000 inhabitants. 'J hat 
 we may be enabled to form fome 
 j«;df;mnit of the wealth of this 
 city, we niurt obfervc, that from 
 Chiiflmas 1747, to Chriftmas 
 17<;8, 500 vellcls cleared out from 
 this port only for a foreign trade, 
 and 430 were entered inwirds; to 
 f.y nothinc; of coafling nnd fifli- 
 ing vcflcis, both of which were 
 rnmerous to an nncommon de- 
 gree, and not lefs than 1000. It 
 received damage by a fire to the 
 amount of 300,000!. March 20, 
 1760; and by a terrible ftorm in 
 Aug. 1773. Indeed the trade of 
 New -England was great, as it 
 fupplied a vaft quantity of goods 
 from within itfelf; but was yet 
 greater, as the people in this 
 country were in a manner the 
 carriers for all thr; colonics in 
 North-America and the Weft-In- 
 dies; and even many parts of 
 Europe. '1 he home commcdities 
 iverc piincipally marts and yards, 
 for which they contraifled largely 
 with the royal navy; alfo pitch, 
 tur, and turpentine ; f>ave.>, imn- 
 ber, and iioards; all forfs of pro- 
 vifions, beef, pork, butter, and 
 cheefc, in vail eiuantities; horAs, 
 and live cattle; Indian corn and 
 fcvSc ; cyder, .-ipples, hemp, and 
 flax. Their peltry or fur ti:iJc 
 was not ih confidcr.ible. 1 jiey 
 had a noble cod filhery upon 
 the i->a(l, alfordinn; eiiiploymcnC 
 for a vaft niuTiber of their | c.iple: 
 they were enabled by this branch 
 to txpoit aniniaily above 30,000 
 miiiiiatsofchnlcecod hill toSp.iin, 
 Italy, the Brititli illunds, Great- 
 Britain, the Mf'(Iiterr;in<'an, &c. 
 and about 20,000 ij[uauais of the 
 
 BOS 
 
 rcfufe fort to the VVcd-Indies, for 
 the negroes. 
 
 I'he great quantity of fpirits 
 which they diftillcd in Boilon 
 from the mnlafTes received in re- 
 turn from the Weft- Indies, was 
 as furpriling as the cheap rate they 
 vended it at, which was under 
 two (hillings a gallon. With this 
 they Aipplied almoft all the con- 
 Tumption of our colonies in North- 
 America, the Indian trade there, 
 the vaft demands of their own 
 and the Newfoundland fiOiery, 
 and in a great mcafurc thofe of 
 the African trade. Kut they were 
 inore famous for the quantity and 
 cheapr.efs than excellency of their 
 rum. They were almoft the only 
 one of our colonies which nearly 
 fopplied ihemfclves with woolen 
 and linen manufa<nures. Their 
 woolen cloths were ftrong, clofe, 
 but coarfe and ftubborn. As to 
 their linens, that manufartnte was 
 brought from the N. of Ireland 
 by fomc prelbyterian artificers, 
 driven thence by the feveiity of 
 their landlords, or rather the 
 mnftcr workmen and employers; 
 and from an affinity of religious 
 fentimcnts they chofe New-En*^- 
 land for their retreat. As they 
 brought with them a fund of 
 riches in ihcir /kill of the linen 
 manufa<rii)res, they met with very 
 great encouragement, and excr- 
 cifed I heir trade to the great advan- 
 tage of the colony. They made 
 huge quantiiies, and of a very 
 gcod kind ; their principal fettle- 
 nient was in a town, wh'ch. i/i 
 compliment to them, is called 
 Lonciondcrry. 
 
 Hats were made in New-Enf- 
 Kuid, and which, in a clandcfHne 
 way, fojnd vent in all the otlu-r 
 ciuonies The fitting up thcfe 
 manufjaures w; s in a rre.it mat- 
 ter neceflary to ih.ein ; for as rhey 
 had not been properly encoung- 
 ed in fome flaple commndity by 
 which they might coinnninicafe 
 wiih Gieat-Hritain, being ci:t off 
 from ail other refource's, they 
 inuU have cither abandoned ihe 
 
BOS 
 
 cwntry, or have found means of 
 emi'l(iyiiigilieir o^vn /kill an^l in- 
 finity to draw out of it the nccd'- 
 faries of life. The fame nccefllty, 
 to^-^ether wifli their being poflc-Hed 
 ofniaterialsforbuildin|»and mend- 
 ing fliips, made them the carriers 
 for the other colonics. 
 
 This lart article was one of the 
 moft confidcrahle which Bofion, 
 or the other fea-port towns in 
 New-England carried on. Ships 
 were fometimes built here upon 
 commiflion, and frequentiy tlie 
 merchants of the county had 
 them conf}rii(fled upon their own 
 account; then loaded them with 
 the produce of their country, naval 
 flores, fi(h, and <Jlli-oil, principally. 
 They feni them out upon a trading 
 voyage to Spain, Portugal, or the 
 Mediterranean ; where, having 
 difpofcd of their American cargo, 
 they made what advantage tlicy 
 could by freight, until fuch lime 
 as they could fell the veflel hcr- 
 felf to advantage; which they ftl- 
 doni failed to do, receiving the 
 value of theveflcl as well as the 
 freight of the goods which from 
 time to time they carried, and of 
 the firft homecar^o in bills of 
 exchange upon London ; for as 
 they had no commodity to return 
 for the value of a'oove ico.oool. 
 which they took in various' forts 
 of goods from England, (except 
 what naval (tores tlu-y had,) they 
 were obliged to keep the balance 
 fomewhat even by tliis circuitous 
 commerce; which though notcar- 
 iiel on with Great- Britain, nor 
 with Ikitilh ve/Tcls, yet centered 
 in Its profits, where all ihe money 
 made by all the colonies did ceincr 
 at lafl, nam;dy in London. There 
 was a report made by way of com- 
 plaint to the Icgiflatnre of this 
 circuitons, tli^r.gh to them necef- 
 l^iry commerce. It was dcfircd 
 tjiat the expoiraion of lumber, 
 _..<•:. to tiie French colonics, and the 
 Jmportation of fugars. m.d.ifli-s 
 
 BRA 
 
 e^c. from thence, niinht be /) )pt 
 On the other hand, the noniu-rri 
 coloni'>cnm plained;!,,! they were 
 not poilcllcd of any iHauuiaiturcs, 
 
 or ftaple commodity ; and being 
 cut oir from this circuitous com- 
 merce, ihey could not purchafe 
 lo many articles of luxury from 
 Great -Brita'n. The Icgiflaturc 
 took a middle courfe : they did 
 not prohibit their exporting lum- 
 ber, &c. to the French colonics, 
 Dut laid the imports from thence 
 as fugars, molaflcs, &c. under a 
 J-onfiderable duty ; for they wife- 
 y forefaw that the French would 
 liive recourfc to their own colo- 
 nics for lumber, by which the 
 Kolfonians would be cut off nom 
 lo valuable a branch of trade and 
 navigation ; and that the latter, 
 being driven to fuch ftreights 
 iTught hivc been allb driven to 
 lome extremities. 
 
 By conlidcring the ftatc of fhip- 
 bu.lding, the principal branch of 
 Kodon, we Hiall vifibly perceive a 
 great decline in that article, which 
 lately affiled her intimately in all 
 others. In the year 1738, they 
 bmlt at Bofton 41 topfail veflels. 
 burthen in all 6324 tons. In 
 1743 they built 30; in 1746, but 
 ?.o; and in 1749, but 15, mak- 
 ing in the wholeonly 2450. tons; 
 an aftoni(bing decline in about 10 
 years, 
 
 There was a light houfe ere^ei 
 on a rock for the Ofipping, but it 
 has lately been dcflroved, as has 
 the fortifications. The govern- 
 ment was direaed by a governor 
 a general court, and aflimbly, to 
 which this city fent four mem- 
 bers. The independent religion 
 was the mofl numerous, and^the 
 profcflors faid to be 14,000 ; and 
 out of 19 places of worfliip, fix 
 were for thisprofeffion. Latitude 
 42, 25. long. 71, 10. 
 
 Brade-ord, a fmall town in 
 New En.dand, in the province of 
 Mallachulcts-Bay, and county of 
 ElTcx, near a branch which runs 
 into Merimak riyer, below Mit- 
 chells Falls. 
 
 BRAINTREEOrBRANTRKB 
 
 a town in SnfTolk county, in Maf- 
 rathufets-Bay^ It (lands at the 
 bott-om of a Ihdiow b.iy, and has 
 no harbour, but is well wattied 
 
 
B R I 
 
 6 R I 
 
 ^hhfpringi: the river Smelt runs that the defiin of the founJer 
 through it, Bnd shout a quarter has had the Airccfi that was ex- 
 i/f a miles, runs the river Stony, pertcd. Here are commodious 
 
 BrAkdon Harbour, is A- wharfs for loading and unloading 
 tuatcd on the N. fide of Long- goods, with fome forts and eatUts 
 Ifland, New-York, 9 miles W. tjf 
 Smithtown, and the Jamc diftancc 
 from Hampdcad Plairv. 
 
 Brass-Island, one of the 
 
 fmaller Virgin - Iflands, fnnattd 
 near the N. W. end of St. 'I'ho- 
 imas, on whom it is dependent. 
 
 Brkntvord, a town in Con- 
 DcAicut, theccmntyof NewHa- 
 Veii 5 confidtrable for its ircn- 
 
 for its defence ; but the town is 
 i'ubjeO to luirFicanes. As ilie 
 wind generally blows from the E, 
 or N. E. the E. part of the town 
 is called windward, and the W. 
 part Ittward. The royal citadel, 
 CjHed St. Ann's fort, coft the 
 country 30,000!. On the E. fide 
 of the town is a Anuil fort of 
 eight guns, where the magjzines 
 
 works. It is lituated on the fide of powder and flores are kept hv 
 
 ©f a river t>f the fame name, 
 which runs Into Long - [/land 
 Sound, 10 miles Ball from New- 
 kaven. Longitude 55, 15. lati- 
 tude 41, 15. 
 
 Bridgetown, the metro- 
 rolis of the ifland of Barbadoes, 
 in the WefV- Indies, lying in the 
 S. W. part of the ifland, and in 
 the parilh of St. Michael. It is 
 6tuatc on the innermofl part of 
 Carlifle-bay, which is large enough 
 
 a lirong gourd. The number of 
 militia (or this town and St. Mi- 
 cbiifl's prcrin<ft is izco men, who 
 arc called the royal regiment of 
 foot-giiards. This is the feat of 
 the governor, council, affcmbly, 
 and. court of chancery. About a 
 mile from town to the N. E. the 
 governor has a fine houfe, buiit 
 by the uCfcmbly, called Pilgrims : 
 though the governor's ufual refi- 
 dence was at FontabcJ. The other 
 
 tp contain 500 (hips, being a league forts arc tothcVV. jamts's-fort, 
 and half in breadth, and a league near Stuait's-wharf, of i8 guns: 
 Jn depth; but the bottom is fonl, Willoughby's, of ao guns : thite 
 and apt to cut the cables. The batteries between this and Need- 
 neighbourinp grounds being low hair>'»-fori,of 2oguns. Thcchurch 
 ^ats were often overflowed by the is as Urge as many of our cathe- 
 fpring-t.des, and aremofi of them drals, has a noble organ, and a 
 Ance drained. The town Ires at ringof bells, with a curious clock. 
 the entrance of St. Georgc's-val- Here are large and elegant tavern*) 
 ley, which runs fcveral miles in- euting-houfes, &c. with a poft- 
 to the country. It fuflered great- houfe ; and packet-boats have been 
 ly by a fire on Feb. 8, 1756, May cflablilhcd here lately to carry let- 
 14, 1766, and Dec. 27, 1767, ters to and from this place month- 
 ly. Lat, 13. 20. Long. 60. o. 
 See Barhtidoes, 
 
 Bridge WAT ER, a Anall town 
 in the county of Briftol and colo- 
 ny of Plymouth, in Maflachufetts- 
 Bay, New-England, near Town- 
 river, which empties itfcif into 
 Narraganfcc-bay, Rhode- Ifland. 
 It is about 5 miles N. E. from 
 Raynham, 10 W. from Duxbury. 
 Bridlington. SecBurlington, 
 H H I o N- 1 s-LE . Qns of the Mag- 
 dalen - Iflcs, in the Gulf of St. 
 
 when thegrcateft fart of the town 
 was dcftroyed ; before whi^h time 
 k had about 1500 lioules, moflly 
 brick, very elegant, and faid to 
 be the fined and largert in all the 
 Caribbec-Iflaiuls, the grcateft part 
 of which have been lebuilr. The 
 flreets arc broad, the houfeshigh, 
 and there is here alfo a Cheaplidc, 
 where the rents arc as dear as 
 fehofe in London, It has a colJege 
 founded liberally and endowed hv 
 Colonel C 
 
 ingtc 
 
 «y 
 
 ftitution of the kind in the Weft- Lautei 
 
 ce, 5 or 6 leagues W. from 
 
 ladies y l»ut it dt^es not a£f car the Bird-Ifl'axids j and to Ca£c Rop 
 
R I 
 
 n of the founJer 
 rccft that was ex- 
 are commodioux 
 ing and unloading 
 le forti and eaUlrs 
 ; but ihc town is 
 ricanes. A% (he 
 blows fronn the E, 
 . part of the towa 
 I'ard, and the W, 
 I he royal citadel, 
 '$ fort, coft I he 
 I. On the E. fide 
 ; a Anull fort of 
 rie ihe magjzines 
 (lores lire kept hy 
 The number of 
 fown and St. Mi- 
 is 12CO men, who 
 oyal regiment of 
 his is the feat of 
 onncif, airembly, 
 ancery. About a 
 to the N. E. thj 
 fine hoiife, buiit 
 , called Pilgrinu: 
 rnor's uAial refi« 
 itabcj. The other 
 VV. James's- fort, 
 arf, of i8 guns! 
 f ao guns : three 
 n this and Need- 
 guns. The church 
 iiy of onr cathe- 
 )Ie organ, and * 
 h a curious clock, 
 d elegant tavtrnsy 
 ic. with a poft- 
 ;t-boats have been 
 ately to carry let- 
 this place month- 
 3. Long. 60. 0. 
 
 ER.afmalltowUi 
 
 Briftol and colo- 
 
 in Maflachufetts- 
 
 nd, near Town- 
 
 ipties itfcif into 
 
 , Rhode- Ifland. 
 
 ilcs N. E. from 
 
 . from Duxbury. 
 
 N . SeeBurlitiglon, 
 
 one oft he IVIsp'— 
 
 the Gulf of St. 
 
 leagues W. from 
 
 and to Ca^c Rop 
 
 B R U 
 
 ficrs, the entrance of St. Laurence 
 river, it is 39 leagues N. W. by 
 N. It Is in Long. 60. 40. Lat. 
 47, 45- 
 
 BttisToi., a county and town 
 in New-England. It is the nioft 
 confulcrablc town in the county, 
 having a commodious harbour, at 
 the entrance of which lies Hhode> 
 Iflind. This town is laid out 
 with more regularity than any 
 in the province, and has more 
 trade. The capital is remarkable 
 for the King of Spain's having a 
 palace in it, and being killed 
 there; and alfo for Crown the 
 poet's begging it of Charles If. 
 Lat. 4z. Long. 70. 
 
 Bristol, the chief town of 
 the county of Hueks, in Penfyl- 
 vanin, about 20 miles N. E. from 
 PJiiladelphia. It ftanjs on the 
 river Delaware, rppofitc Burling- 
 ton, in Wed New-jcrfey. It has 
 not above 100 houfes, but is 
 noted for its mills of fevcral forts. 
 Lat, 40. 71. Long. 74. 30. 
 
 RHiSTOL.armall town in Ma- 
 ryland, in the county of Charles, 
 in the weftern divifion of the co- 
 lony. 
 
 Britain, Little, a village 
 in the county of Orange, in the 
 province of New -York, very 
 fruitful in pafture, and breeds 
 great numbers of cattle. 
 
 Britain, New, called alfo 
 Terra de Labrador and EHtimaux, 
 a diilria bounded by Hudfon's- 
 Bay on the N. and W. by Cnn.nda 
 and the river of St. L.iurcnce on 
 the S. and by the Atlantic Ocean 
 o n t h e E . 1 1 i s fu bj eft to G re ut- 
 Britam ; but produces only /kins 
 ami furs. 
 
 Brookhaven, a town in the 
 province of New- York and coun- 
 tyof Suffolk in Long-Illand. See 
 
 Brook LINE, a villaire in Suf- 
 folk county, Maffjohufets-bay, 
 between Camliridgcand Roxluiryi 
 about 3 nii/es VV. of Bofton. " ' 
 
 Brunswick, a town in the 
 Count V of the f'mc n.ime, in the 
 aiilriftof Wilmington, in North- 
 
 BUR 
 
 Carolin.i, of which it ii the prin.' 
 cipal. It is fituated about 5 milei 
 E. fiom the Atlantic, on the river 
 Cape Fear, is the beft built in 
 the whole province, carries on 
 the moft exienfive trade, and haa 
 a colleftor of the cuftoms. 
 
 Brunswick, a town in the 
 county of York and province of 
 Maflkhufets-bay, in New-Eng- 
 land, in the bay of Cafco. Jt it 
 the county-town, and is 13 miles 
 from Falmouth, and 53 from 
 York. 
 
 B R u N s w I c K. See New Brunf- 
 
 •wick. "* 
 
 Buck Island, one of the 
 lefllr Virgin Ides, fituated on the 
 E.of Sf. Thom;is, in St.Jame»'s 
 PalLge. Long. 63. 30. Lat. 18. 
 
 Buckingham, a county in 
 the province of Penfylvania, 
 S. W. from Philadelphia. It is 
 feparatcd from Jcrfcy by the De- 
 laware river on the S. E. and 
 N. E. and from Northampton 
 county on the North. 
 
 Bulls, Bay oF,or Baboul- 
 Bav, a noted bay in Newfound- 
 land, H little to the fouthward of 
 St. John's harbour on the E.of 
 that ifland. It has 14 fathom wa- 
 ter, and is very f.fc, being land- 
 locked. The only danger is a 
 rock 20 yards from Kread-and- 
 Checfe Point, and another with 
 9 feet water off Magotty Cove. 
 Lat. 50, <5o. long. 57, 10. 
 
 BuRLiNGToy, a county in 
 Wcft-Jerfcy, near the boundary 
 line of Eafl-Jcrfey; in which its 
 capital town Burlington is on its 
 W. (hore. 
 
 Burlington, the capital of 
 We(l-Jerfey. It is fituated on an 
 ifland, in the middle of Delaware 
 river, oppo/ite to Pliil.ulclphia. 
 The town is laid ouf into ip.icious 
 ftreets, and here the courts and 
 aflemblies of WcfUjerfey were 
 held. It is dirtifted by a povcr- 
 nor, a council, and aflcmbly ; was 
 begun to be planted with the 
 other rowns from 1688, and con- 
 tinued improving till 1702, and 
 
C A L 
 
 fi^m thence till now, Iti ntuatlon 
 on the river, and contiguity to 
 crceki and Itayi, hat naturally in- 
 clined the iiihaUitanti lo filhcriei. 
 The country ahoundx in ail forti 
 of f rain and providunt, pHrticulur- 
 ly flour, porit.and grcut ((uantitiei 
 of white pcaft, wiiTch tlicy fell to 
 the mcrclianta of Ncw-Yorl<, who 
 export them to the Sngar-Iflundi. 
 They have alA> a tru,dc in fuM, 
 whafcl)one, oil, pitch, and (ar, 
 Thii town formerly gave name to 
 a county. It has a town-honfe, a 
 handfome market-place, two ))oo<l 
 bridge! over the river, one called 
 JLoiidon-bridge, the othrr Yoik- 
 bridge. But the cviit of u(1cm- 
 bly, &c. and tha» the jjover- 
 nor, ii in the town ..f Klizaheth, 
 In the county of Eflcx, which is 
 by that the moft conliderable town 
 in the two provinces. It carries 
 on a ht\(k trade by its eafy com- 
 munication with Philadelphia, 
 through the river Selem, which 
 Calls into the bay of Delaware. 
 Lat. 40, 5. long. 74, 30. 
 
 Bustard RivKK,in the pro- 
 vince of Quebec, which runs into 
 the rivers St. Laurence, in a bay 
 ti>f the fame name. It runs « 
 great way inland, and has com- 
 Oiunication with feveml lakes ; 
 and at its mouth Her the Ozters- 
 iHands. Longitude 68, 5. Lati- 
 tud«-4^-fto. 
 
 BuTK, a county in N.Caroli- 
 na, In the dlllria of Halifax, to 
 which diflriiflit is theW.buundary. 
 
 CAiEDoNiA, a port In the 
 Iflhnius of Darien, in the 
 Gulf of Mexico, »5 leagues N. 
 V/. from the river Atrato. It 
 was attempted to be cftablilhed 
 1698, but the unhealthy fitualion 
 of the climate 4cAroyed the in- 
 fant colony, 
 
 California, a pcninfula In 
 the Pacific Ocean, in North-Aroe- 
 flca, wafhed on the E. by a gulf 
 of the lame name, and on the 
 W.by the Pacific Ocean, or Great 
 South-Sea, lying within the three 
 c«peSf or limits of Cape ban tu- 
 
 CAM 
 
 cai, the river Colorado, and Cape 
 Blanco de ' m Sebaflian, which 
 laft is hs fartheft limit on its wef- 
 tern coaft which has come to 
 our knowledge. The gulf which 
 wuniei it on the E. called the 
 Gulf of California, is an arm of 
 the Pacific Ucean, intercepted be- 
 tween Cape Corientes on one fide, 
 and Cape St. Lncax on the other ; 
 that is, between the coaft of New- 
 Spain on the N. E. and that of 
 Calilornia on the W, The length 
 «)f California Is about 300 leagues j 
 in breadth it bears no proportion, 
 not being more than 40 leagues 
 acrofs, or from fca to fea. Tho 
 air is dry and hot to a great rlc- 
 gree ; the earth is in general bar- 
 ren, rugged, wild, every where 
 over-run with mountains, rocks, 
 and fands, with little water, coii- 
 fequently not adapted to agricul- 
 ture, planting, or grazing. There 
 are, however, fomc level, wide, 
 and fruitful tra^s of ground '0 
 the W. of the river Colorado, in 
 35" N. latitude, plenty of water, 
 delightful woods, and fine pvf- 
 turcs, which is not to be faid of 
 the peninfula taken in general; 
 for the grcatert part is not known 
 to us, being unconqucred and pof- 
 fefled by the wild Calilornians and 
 ravages. 
 
 Ca t L I A (^u A, a town and har- 
 bour at the S. W. end of St. 
 Vincent, one of the Caribbcc- 
 lilands. The harbour is the bcft 
 in the ifland, and draws thither a 
 great part of the trade, and the 
 principal inhabitants of the ifland. 
 
 Calvert, a county in the 
 province of Maryland, bordering 
 on Charles county in the fame pro- 
 vince, from which it is divided by 
 the river Palufcent, as alfo from 
 Prihce George's county. Theca- 
 
 {)ital of this county is called A- 
 )ington. 
 
 Cambridgr, a town In the 
 county of Middlcfex, the pro- 
 vince of Maflacb.ufetfi- Ba" in 
 New-England; (lands on the N 
 branch of Charles - river, nea. 
 Charles-Town, feven miles N.W. 
 of Bofton. It has Icvcral &ii« 
 
CAM 
 
 houfci, but If built very Irrejjular. 
 It chaiijjcd its old nagie nf New- 
 ton for that of Cambridge, on 
 account of ttie uiiivcrfity called 
 Harvard coliece, wiiich confifti of 
 4 fpacioug colleges bnllt of hricic, 
 called Harvard. HollU, Stough- 
 ton, MiHachurets. It was pro- 
 jcftcd in 1630, and was at (irrt no 
 more than a fchola illuftris, or 
 academical frce-fchool, till May 
 J 6 50, when it was incorporated 
 bv a charter from the government 
 of MafTachufets colony; fo that 
 by donation* froin fcvcral Icitrned 
 patrons, namely, nichbllhop Uflicr, 
 Sir fohn Mayind, Sir Kendm 
 Digby, Mr. Jiaxtcr, and Mr. 
 Thcophilus Gale, fellow of Mag- 
 dalen college, there were, before 
 ihc acccdion of Qviecn Anne, a- 
 bovc 4000 books of the mod va- 
 luaMc authors. The college con- 
 fined of a prefldent, five fellows, 
 4 tutors, a librarian and butler, 
 and a trcalurer, but the latter had 
 novoicein the government. There 
 was an additional college crt-ftcd 
 for the Indians, but, being found 
 Imprarticabic in its intention, was 
 turned into a printiog-houCe; the 
 whole of which was burnt down 
 in 1764, and rebuilt by public 
 contribution; but in 1775 was 
 converled into barracks for the 
 foldicrs, when the fludents were 
 obliged to relinquiQj their ftudics 
 as well as apartments. Lat.42, 25. 
 
 Cam-Island, one of the 
 fmallcr Virgiij-ldes, in the Weft- 
 Indies ; fituatcd N. of St. John's, 
 in the King's channel. Longi- 
 tude 63, 25. lat. 18, ao. 
 
 Camden diftria, in S. Caro- 
 lina, is bounded by the line 
 which divides the parifhes of St. 
 Mark and Prince Frederick, San- 
 tee, Congarcc, and Bioid rivers, 
 and by a N. W. line from the N. 
 oorner of WilHamfburg town- 
 »aip, to Lyiiclrs creek, and from 
 jhence 30 degrees W. till it loter- 
 fetts the provincial line. 
 
 Camden town, in Frcderickf- 
 Mf^j townihip, on the N. fide 
 
 CAM 
 
 of the Watercc river, which erni*. 
 lies itfcif into the Sanfec river, and 
 by that has communication, and 
 carries on a trade to different parts 
 of Carolina. It has a court-houfe. 
 and provides one of the regiment! 
 of niiliti.T. 
 
 Campkachy, a town in the 
 audience of Old Mexico, or NtfW 
 Spain, and province of Yucatan, 
 iJtuated on the bay of Campeachy, 
 near the W. fhore. Its houfes are 
 well-built of ftone : when taken 
 by the Spaniards, it was a large 
 town of 3000 houfes, and had 
 confiderable monuments both of 
 art and indurtry. There is a good 
 dock and fort, with a governor 
 and garrifon, which cdmmandi 
 both the town and harbdur. The 
 Englilh in 1659 ftormed and todk 
 it only with fmall arms, and a 
 ftcond time, by furprize, in 1678, 
 and a third time in 1685, by the 
 Englirtj and French buccanicrs, 
 who plundered every place within 
 15 leagues round it, for the fpace 
 of two months ; they afterwards 
 fet fire to the fort, and to the 
 town, which the governor, who 
 kept the field with 900 men, 
 would not ranfom : and, to com- 
 plcat the oillajie by a fingular 
 f folly, the French bucca- 
 
 piece of 
 
 nicrs celcbra'ted the feaft of ^hdr 
 King, the day of St. Louis, by 
 burning the value of 50,0001, 
 (terl. ot Ciimpeachy wood, which 
 was a part of their fliare of the 
 plunder. The port is large, but 
 ihillow. It was a ftated market 
 for logwood, of which great quan- 
 tities grew in the neighbourhood, 
 before the Enj-lilh landed there, 
 and cut it at the iilbmus, w^Jch 
 
 thcycntercdat Triefta-Illand.near 
 the bottom of the bay, 40 leagues 
 S. W. from Campeachy. The chief 
 manufafturc is cotton cloth. Lat, 
 15, 40. Long, 91, 30. 
 
 Canada. The limlrc nf thU 
 large country are fixed by an adt 
 of parliament in 1763 as follows x 
 The North point was the head of 
 the river St. John on the Labra- 
 dor coaftj Us Wftfteriimoft pofnt 
 
 /•i 
 
I 
 
 CAN 
 
 the South end of Lake NipiHin ; 
 its SouthernmoQ point the 45th 
 parallel of North latitude, croflfng 
 the river St. Laurence and Lake 
 Champlain ; and its £at1ternmo(t 
 at Cape Roficrs in the Gulf of 
 St. Laurence ; including about 
 800 miles long, and 200 broad ; 
 which boundaries in 1774 were 
 extended Southward to the banks 
 of the Ohio; Weft ward to the 
 banks of tbe MiflilFippi; and 
 Northward to the boundary of the 
 Hudfon's-Bay Company. 
 
 Ac its extent is fo great both 
 in length and breadth, its tempe- 
 ratrre, climate, foil, Buc. cannot 
 but vary accordingly : all that 
 part which was inhabited by the 
 French, and which is nioftly along 
 the banks of the great river St. 
 Laurence, is, generally fpeaking, 
 cxceflive cold in winter, though 
 hot in fummer, as moft of thufe 
 American trafts commonly are, 
 which do not lie too far to the 
 Northward. The reft of the 
 country, as far as it is known, 
 is interfe£led with large woods, 
 lakes, and rivers, which render it 
 ftill colder ; it has, however, no 
 inconfiderable quantity of fertile 
 lands, which, by experience, are 
 found capable of producing corn, 
 barley, rye, and other grain, 
 ■ grapes, and fruit, and, indeed, 
 almoft every thing that grows in 
 France ; but its chief prodi;(fl is 
 tobacco, which it yields in large 
 quantities. The foil, altogether, 
 produces as follow :— White and 
 red pine trees; four fpecies of fir; 
 white cedar and oak ; the free, 
 moi.grel, and baftard afli-trees; 
 jnalc and female maple ; hard, 
 foil, and fmooth walnut-trees; 
 beech-trees and white wood ; white 
 and red elm ; poplars; cherry and 
 plumb trees ; the vinegar and 
 cotton trees ; and the while thorn : 
 fun-plants, gourds, mdons, ca- 
 pillaire, the hop -plant, alaco : 
 tobacco tiH'kcv-corn- moft forts 
 of European grain, fruits, &c. 
 
 The animals are, deer, bears, 
 ilags, muiius, buifaloes^ f orcu> 
 
 CAN 
 
 pines, rattle-fnakes, foxes, fer- 
 rets, hares, otters, wild-cats, er- 
 mines, goats, wolves, beavers, 
 fquirrels, &c. — Eagles, falcons, 
 tercols, gofhawks ; grey, red, and 
 black partridges with long tails ; 
 turkies, fnipes, and variety of 
 water-fowl, <Scc. Canadian wood- 
 peckers, larks, &r.— In the lakes 
 and rivers are fea-wolves, fea- 
 cows, porpoifes, lencornets, fea- 
 plaife, falmon, turtle, lobfters, 
 fturgcons, giltheads, tunny, lam- 
 preys, mackarcl, foals, anchovies, 
 &c. 
 
 There is likewife plenty of 
 flags, martins, wild-cats, and other 
 wild creatures, in the v^oods, be- 
 fides wild-fowl and other game, 
 The fouthern parts, in particular, 
 breed great numbers of wild bulls, 
 deer of a fmall fize, divers forts 
 of roebucks, goats, wolves, &c, 
 a great variety of other animals, 
 both wild and tame. 
 
 The meadow-grounds, which 
 are well watered, yield excellent 
 grafs, and breed great quantities 
 of large and fmall cattle ; and, 
 where the arable land is well ma- 
 nured, it produces large and rich 
 crops. The mountains abound 
 with coal-mines, and fome, we 
 are told, of filver, and other me- 
 tals, though we do not learn that 
 any great advantage is yet maJe 
 thereof. The marftiy ground.', 
 which are likewife very exter.five, 
 fwarm with otters, beavers, ami 
 other amphibious creatures; and 
 the rivets and lakes with filh of 
 all fortf. 
 
 The lakes here are both lar^e 
 and numtrous ; the principal of 
 which Ktc thofe of Erie, Micli- 
 gan, tJuron, Supericr, Fron- 
 teuaccr Optavia, Ontario, Napif- 
 fing, Temifcaming, befidcs others 
 of a fniaWcr fize ; fome navigable 
 by vedtls of any fize, as arc alfo 
 their communications, except ihat 
 between Erie and Ontario, where 
 is a ftupentlous catars^ C3lUd 
 the Falls of Niagara. The water 
 is about a mile wide, crofled by » 
 rock in the form of a half-owva. 
 
i N 
 
 kes, foxes, fcr- 
 
 rs, wild-cats, er- 
 
 aolves, beavers, 
 
 ■ Eagles, falcons, 
 
 5 ; grey, red, and 
 
 with long tails ; 
 
 and variety of 
 
 Canadian wood- 
 
 fer.— In the lakes 
 
 fea-wolves, fea- 
 
 lencorncts, fea^ 
 
 turtle, lobfters, 
 
 ads, tunny, lam- 
 
 I foals, anchovies, 
 
 Lcvvife plenty of 
 iid-cats, and other 
 n the woods, bt- 
 and other game, 
 rts, in particular, 
 }ersof wild bulls, 
 fize, divers forts 
 )ats, wolves, &c, 
 )f other animals, 
 ime. 
 
 -grounds, which 
 1, yield excellent 
 d great quantities 
 nail cattle; and, 
 : land is well nia- 
 :es large and rich 
 ountaius abound 
 , and fome, vve 
 :r, and other nie- 
 do not learn tlit 
 tage is yet maJe 
 marlhy ground.', 
 ife very exter.live, 
 srs, beavers, ami 
 IS creatures ; and 
 akes with filh of 
 
 re are both lar^e 
 
 the principal of 
 
 of Erie, M:.clii- 
 
 Sufiericr, Fron- 
 
 , Ontario, Napif- 
 
 ng, befidcsorhtrs 
 
 ; fome navigable 
 
 y fize, as are alfo 
 
 itions, except ihat 
 
 d Ontario, where 
 
 I catarafl, called 
 
 gara. The water 
 
 vide, crofled by » 
 
 I of a half-nwotJ. 
 
 CAN 
 
 CAP 
 
 The perpendicular fall is ito vm f^t.ct.jn. -, , 
 
 feet; and fa v-ft a body of water lena^n ^aT'-J '"^v^ '' '"'' '' '* ' 
 
 rulhing down from I great a in rthe Gu f nf *^i?"«'f ''^''^ 
 
 helghr. on rock, below, wilh pro- branches il|l /'^"^ \'^^>: 
 
 digious reboundings. ftrikes the nfMr^* ^i""' ^"^"^ '" '^<"^<^ 
 
 beLlderwithincxpUbleamae- Canad/t V/ i' '^ ^ r I 
 
 ment; the noife may be heard diviS fn. a *"«"* f«»fe. 5*' ' 
 
 up^vardsofijmiles. The large!? fhrlrternf K-'^ '"^ *'"""» 
 of the lakes i, that which thev JVr, i l'*''"^^ " common- 
 
 name Superior or Upp r Lake? 1^ ^"^"by the nimeof Canada, " 
 
 which is /ftuate ,h J farXt N. and 3?fco™ T' t"'''^'^ '•' ^^ ^^"=^ 
 
 is reckoned above ,oo lea"ues"n of ,^.1^/ J^ourfiana, in honour 
 
 length, and about fevenry^whec ?V^ Th^T'-^'f^ ^" ^^«'- 
 
 broadeft, and hath feveral confi! prop;rlv ^o X",^ °-^ ^'"'^'» 
 
 fiderable iflands in it ; the chief ffi L Thl''^' I ^"^"* 
 
 whereof arc the Royal Ifle, Phili- habhan s in , < °"'"''"" °^ *"' 
 
 peau, Pont Cartrain. Ma'urepas. but fince ,1 en ^^ K^^" ^^.ooo. 
 
 St. Anne, St. Ignatius, the Tol ver, clnVJ m ^ .^''^^"''^^^ 
 
 nerre or Thunder Idand [°A !f< L? f^-'^'y* ^»« '"de cm- 
 
 a large number of fmalier ones! Threxlt^^^'r "V^ ^°' ^''"''^' 
 
 efpecially near the coafts. ' confiflXf n, ° ^^eat - Britain, 
 
 The whole country abounds fnake ri^ ^ "" ' "' ^'"''*^"2» 
 with verv large rivers! which i J ! 1 t- u ' "fHaire, and wheal, 
 
 is endless' to enVrintidetlo octo TT''^ ^"""^"y '<> 
 The chief are the Outtanais ? ' ^°^'^°°' ,^'"«^h was nearly the 
 
 John.. .Segui at""S,^- rg?a"n^,°l J J^^^" ^-t^fron. 
 
 ^f g^^;^:^^.t-r? A^^irF-'^'"^-^^- 
 
 alfo the Ohio. The two principa harVour thr J Y''' " * ^'^ ^^^^^ 
 
 are thofe of St. Laurence and inTZftZlr'^TJ^'P'^'"'^ 
 
 the Mlffifippi ; the former of forms two wi ^Tcl '^'''^'- ^' 
 
 which abounds with no lefs varie- On the confi .°.'^^' anchoaage. 
 
 ty .ban plenty of fine fifh, and a river cXd s^ ""'•" " * 
 
 receives feveral confiderable ivers accZt' Jrt ^^"''"°"-"- ^r, oa 
 
 in itscourfe. The entrance intn fh^? fi^ /^^ ^r"! quantity of 
 the Gulf of St. Laure ce lies be fj t^r ''^/" '"^ *^"«d here: 
 
 tween Cape Ray on t e ifl fnH ^ " u '^'^ '"'^ '° ^« '^^ ^=ft finery 
 
 Newfou„Sland?an3 h N tnl \lJ^%Ti ""' '^'' ^^''' ^ht 
 
 in .hat called\hrRoyann3^ Tthe F^l^h r 'r"' '."' ^^^^ 
 
 or more commonlv Cane Rt-^fon i Vr ^'^^"<=" ^om Cape Bretoni 
 
 Tka. of ,h:"ss^/:ss, lTJz7.'j'r"''°' -^ <=""= 
 
 runs tlirouBh ths Jcxtea n.,J .," ^-^S*' "''?""■' ""if'i- "O 
 and Mrfchagamilii' '„„ cSj ^'ilcs N^l "Vp, '^^T\ '"<' ' ' 
 
 ^^kt tr.t -ag: i iSB^T^^ 
 
 r^nihks of timber which ^rhl fcn!-!"'':'^".^^!''^ ^"icrica, he- 
 
 icna down upon it in floats to the ia'ken ^1n '" ^V^,' L"^'f '• .^^*«« 
 •"• It IS nav 
 Jcagaes up from 
 ipri«^ head of 
 
 navigable 
 
 mouth 
 8 river 
 
 ioats to the taken in ,758 bf^admira Bo? 
 
 above 45c caw.e.andco1one/AmS T^ 
 
 is^i.' . :"^'-' f^ ^'■^"^^^' ^^"ch fepi!' 
 
 IS not rates it from Nova Scotia • 
 
 D 
 
 I, IS uot 
 
CAP 
 
 more than a league in breadth, 
 iind is about 20 leagues from 
 Kewfoundland, with which it 
 forms the entrance into the Gulf 
 of St, Laurence. This fine ifland 
 properly belongs to (he divifion 
 of Nova Scotia, and was the only 
 part which was ceded by treaty to 
 the Englifh. It is about 140 
 iniles in length, full of moun- 
 tains and lakes, and interfered 
 by a vafl number of creeks and 
 bays, nearly meeting each other 
 upon every fide, which fecms veiy 
 much to refemble the cualt and 
 inUnd parts of mod northern 
 countries, fuch as Scotlanfl, Ire- 
 land, Denmark, and Sweden, who 
 have fuch ftf^res and infular lakes. 
 The foil is fufficicntly fruitful, 
 and in every part abounds with 
 timber. In the mountains are 
 coal pits, and on the (hores one 
 of the moft fruitful fifheries in 
 the world, wi.h excellent flax and 
 hemp. It abounds in all manner 
 of pafturc, and in ail fores of 
 cattle and poultry. I'he harbours 
 arc all open to the E. going round 
 to the fouthward for the fpace of 
 50 leagues, beginning with Port 
 13aupnin, quite to Port Thou- 
 loufe, pear the entrance of the 
 ftrcight of Franfuc, at the ifTue of 
 which you meet immediately with 
 Port 'I houloufe, whish lies be- 
 tween a kind of gulf called Little 
 St. Peter and the ifles of St. 
 Peter. 'I he bay of'Gaburon, the 
 entrance of which is about 20 
 leagues from St. Peter's illes, is 
 two leagues deep, one broad, and 
 affords good anchorage. !t is 
 fituate from 45° zc" to 47 N^ 
 lat. and from 59, 30. to 61 , ao W, 
 Jong. Sec the article Lcuijl/ourgh. 
 Cape-Cod, a promontory, 
 ■which forms a fine harbour on 
 the coaft of Mallachufets -Bay, 
 and forms one of the counties of 
 that province under the name of 
 Barnftaple county. It circum- 
 icribes Baruftaplerb^y, and has 
 been formed by the coil and re- 
 coil of the tide*, rolling up filt 
 and land, Many sltij-ations have 
 
 CAP 
 
 been made, and are continually 
 making on the E. coaft, at the 
 back of this promontory, and a 
 long point of fand has been formed 
 into fblid marlh- land within 40 
 years paft, at the S. point ot it, 
 called George's Sand. It has its 
 name from the quantity of cod-fi(h 
 caught on its coaft, and the bay ij 
 capable of containing 1000 large 
 vcflels with fufety. 
 
 CaPE-FeAR, an headland in 
 North Carolina, near which is 
 Johnfon's - Fort, in Brunfwick 
 county, in the diftri^ of Wil- 
 mington, which gives name to u 
 conhderable river of two branches 
 that extend in (Jorih Carolina.— 
 I. at. 78, 25. lat. 33, 40, 
 
 Cap R Francois, the capital 
 of the French divifion of the 
 Illand of St. Domingo, in the 
 Weft Indies. It is fituated on a 
 Cape on the N. fide of the ifland, 
 at the edge of a large plain 20 
 leagues long, and, on an average, 
 four broad, between the fea and 
 mountains. There are few lands 
 better watered, but there is not 
 a river that will admit of a floop 
 above 3 miless This fpace is cut 
 through by ftraigiit roads, 49 
 feet broad, conftantly lined with 
 hedges of lemon-trees, ii.termixcd 
 with long avenues ot" lofty trees, 
 which lead to plantations, which 
 produce a greater quantity of 
 fugar than any country in the 
 world. The town, which is fituat- 
 ed in the moil unhealthy place of 
 this extenfive and beautiful plain, 
 confiftsof i9 ftruight, narrow, and 
 dirty flreets, divided into 226 al- 
 lotments, which connprchend 810 
 lioufes. The governor's houfe, 
 the barracks, and the King's ma. 
 gazine, arc the only public build- 
 ings which attra^ the notice of 
 the curious; but thofe that de- 
 ferve to be confidered by the hu- 
 mane, are two hofpitals called the 
 Houfcs of Providence, founded 
 for the fupport of thofc Euror -^r^i 
 who come hither whhout money 
 or merchandize. The women and 
 Jiiea receive feparatdy all the iub« 
 
are continually 
 . coaft, at (lie 
 nonlory, and a 
 las been formed 
 and within 40 
 S. point ot it, 
 nd. It has its 
 ntiiy of cod-filh 
 , and the bay is 
 ing 1000 large 
 
 in headland iit 
 lear which ig 
 in brunfwick 
 idria of WiU 
 ivcs name to u 
 if two branches 
 rih Curulina.— 
 
 »is, the capital 
 ivifion of the 
 mingo, in the 
 s fituated on a 
 e of the illand, 
 larj^e pluin 20 
 on an average, 
 :en the fea and 
 e arc few lands 
 ]t there is not 
 Iniit of a (loop 
 his fpace is cut 
 gilt roads, 49 
 itly lined with 
 ees, intermixed 
 of lofty trees, 
 itdtions, which 
 :r quantity of 
 ountry in the 
 which is fitiiat- 
 hcahhy place of 
 beaiuii'nl plain, 
 ht, narrow, and 
 ed into 226 al- 
 omprchend 810 
 vernor's houfe, 
 the King's ina- 
 y public build- 
 t the notice of 
 thofe that de- 
 ered by the hu* 
 pitals called the 
 lence, founded 
 hofc Euror ■'cii 
 ivithout money 
 rhe women and 
 tdy all the iuh-* 
 
 CAP 
 
 Cif}ence that their (ituatlon re* 
 quires, t\,\ they arc engaged in 
 employments. This eflablilhment 
 
 CAR 
 
 
 is only to be equalled at Cdrthage 
 na, in all the Weft Indies ; and 
 to it is imputed, that fewer die at 
 this town than in any other 
 which (lands on the coaft of this 
 ifland. The harbour, admirably 
 well fituated for (hips which come 
 from Europe, is only open to the 
 North, from whence it can receive 
 no damage, its entrance being 
 fprinkled over with reefs, that 
 break the fore: of the waves. 
 
 Cape Hatteras, a head- 
 land on a bank nf the fame 
 name, off North Carolina ; which 
 bank inclofes Pamticoe Sound. 
 Long. 76, 10. la'. 35, 5. 
 
 Cape Look-out, a head- 
 land o(f the county of Carteret, 
 in the diftrift of Newbcrn ; on a 
 bank of the fame name, that in- 
 clofes Core Sound, Long. 77, 10. 
 !«• 34. 30- 
 
 Cape -May, a county, and the 
 moft S. point of land, in W. Jerfey. 
 Capr St. Nicholas, a 
 principal town and cape on the 
 N. W. corner of the French Dl- 
 vifion of St. Domingo, in the 
 Wttt Indies, where is a harbour 
 equally fine, fafe, and convenient, 
 about 2900 yards broad at the 
 entrance, where (hips of any bur- 
 then may ride at anchor in the 
 bafon, perfcftly fafe, even during 
 a hurricane. Since the late peace 
 it is become of importance, the 
 houfes have been all rebuilt, and, 
 in confeqiience of its being de- 
 clared a free port, the inhabitants 
 receive a fubfiftence, which the 
 adjacent country could not fnpply 
 them with. Their houfes are 
 now well-built, and the town 
 divided into fcvcral ftreets, all 
 fopplied by currents of running, 
 water : it coniifts of 400 good 
 houfes, befides a large flore-houfe 
 
 ?' '^^"fy.''' ^"^ hofpital, and 
 Kvcra! pubiic buildings ; 500 ne- 
 groes are conftantly employed on 
 the fortifications; and, when thofe 
 of the town and adjoining batteries 
 
 •re compleated, they are to be^^fn 
 a cita<Jel on the N. point, which 
 is to be mounted with too pieces 
 of cannon. For the conveniency 
 of tra.Ie eftablifhed in this port, 
 an excellent carriage road has been 
 made between the Moic of St. 
 Nicholas and Cape Francois. In 
 1772 »he number of veflcls cleared 
 outwards amounted to between a 
 and yo 'or North America, and 
 for Europe 400. Its environs 
 produce tugar, indigo, cotton, 
 and coffee, 
 
 Capk Ray, the S. W. point 
 of Newfoundland, E. N. E. 20 
 leagues from Cape Breton, anda» 
 leagues to Bird Idands, in the 
 Gulf of St, Laurence. Long. 
 59> '5- lat- 47.40. 
 
 Caraccas, a province on the 
 Terra Firma, bounded on the N. 
 by the Carribbean Sea, on the 
 E. by the province of Cumana, 
 on the S. by New Granada, and 
 on the W. by Venezula, This 
 coaft is bordered in its greateft 
 length by a chain of mountains, 
 running E. and W. and divided 
 into a number of very fruitfii 
 Vallies, whofe dirccftion and open- 
 ing are towards the N. it has two 
 maritime fortified towns, Puerto 
 Cabelc and La Guayra. The 
 Dutch carry thither all forts cf 
 European goods, efpccially linen, 
 making vaft returns, efpecially in 
 filverand cocoa. They trade to 
 it a little from Jamaica ; but as it 
 is at fecond hand, it cannot be fo 
 profitable as a dired trade from 
 Europe would be. The cocoa- 
 tree grows here in abundance, and 
 is their chief wealth. The tree 
 has a trunk of about a foot and a 
 haif thick, and from feven to 
 eight fett high, the branches 
 large and fpreading like an oak: 
 the ruts are cnclofed in cods as 
 large as both a man's fifts put to- 
 gether, and referable a melon. 
 There may be commonly 20 or 
 30 of theie cods on a tree,' which 
 are about half an inch thick, 
 brittle, and harder than the rind 
 of a lemon. They neither rioen. 
 
 1 . j; 
 
 -f > 
 
 ■;• - ^ 
 
 ±-^.1^- 
 
 li f 
 
 ,hu 
 
 wfM 
 
C A R 
 
 , ■0? are jaihered at once, bnt 
 I ke up a month, fomc ripening 
 btforc other*. When gathered, 
 ihf y arc laid in fevrral heaps to 
 fweat, and then biirfling thr ftitll 
 «itli their hand», they extra«ft the 
 nut, which is the only fiibftanrc 
 they contain, having no pith 
 •bout them. They lie clofe ftow- 
 «d in rows like the grains of 
 maize. There are jTcnerally loo 
 nuts in a cod, whiih arc hig or 
 fmall, in proportion to the Ijz-j of 
 the cod. They nrc thtu dried in 
 the fun, they will keep, and even 
 fait water will not hurt them. 
 There are from 500 to 1000 or 
 aoco in a walk, or ( jcoa planta- 
 tion, Thefc nuts are palled for 
 money, and are ufcd as fuch in 
 the bay of Carnpeachy. Lati- 
 tude 10, 17,. long. 67, 10. 
 
 CARIiBKE-ISLANDS, a clllf- 
 
 ter of illiinds in tr)e Atlantic O- 
 ce-jn, fo called from the origln^i 
 inhabjtanrs being faid, though 
 very unjiiftly, to be cannibaU. 
 The chief of tbcfe iflands are St. 
 Cruz, Sombuco, Anguilla, Bt. 
 Martin, St. Rariholomew, Bar- 
 buda, Satia, Eullatia, St. Crif- 
 tophcr, Nevis, Antigua, Mont- 
 fer<"at, Guardaloupe, Defiada, Ma- 
 ra^alante, Doiuinico, Martinico, 
 St. Vincent, Barbadocj, and Gra- 
 pada.— See each under its proper 
 aiticle. 
 
 CARiNAcou,one of the G.s- 
 naJilla-llUnds, in tine Weft- In- 
 dies ; the fecond in lize ; about 4 
 leagues from Granada, and was 
 the oiily one the French had cul- 
 tivated before it was delivered to 
 the Englifh, 1763. It has a fine 
 harbour, which is as fafe, large, 
 9nd convenient as any in this 
 part of the world. This ifland 
 produces a great quantity of cot- 
 ton, and is very fertile, but has 
 no fprin^ of frelh water. 
 
 Ca r LI s l e, the principal town 
 
 in the county of Cumberland, in 
 T> /'..I :. r. :. r.<...«..j ^n 
 
 a branch of the Suf4uehannah- 
 »iver, from which latter it is dif- 
 taot about la miles. It has cop- 
 
 CAR 
 
 ficterable trade, and contairti a 
 bove tcoinhal>itani)i,and is about 
 a8 miles N. W. of Yoik. 
 
 Carlos, a town of Varagua, 
 in New Spain, fituatcil 45 ntiles 
 S. W. of Santa Fe. It (lands on 
 a large bay, before the nieuth of 
 which aie a nrmbcr of fmall 
 iflands, entircljrdeJcrt, the natives 
 having hccii fent to work in the 
 mines by the Spaniards. Lati- 
 tude 7, 40, long. Sa, ic. 
 
 Carolina, part of that vaft 
 traft of land formerly c;ill<;d Flo- 
 rida, bounded on the N. by Vir- 
 ginia, on the S. by Georgia, on 
 the W. by the Mitrfippi and 
 Luuifiana, and on the li. by the 
 Atlantic Ocean. It lies between 
 the lat. of 33 and 37. long. 76, 
 and 91. and 700 miles lonz, and 
 330 broad. It is now divided 
 into North and South Carolina. 
 
 Divifiun of the Province cf 
 South Carolina intodiAri^s. 
 
 Charles- town diftri/t includes 
 all places Wtween the rorth 
 branch of Sant^c river and Cooo- 
 bahee-iriver and the fea, including 
 the iflands by a line Jrawn from 
 Nelfon's Ferry direftly towards 
 Marr's Bluff, on Savannah-river, 
 until it intcrfeOs the fwamp at 
 the head of the S. branch of Coro- 
 bahee river. 
 
 Beaufort diftrift includes all 
 places to tUe fouthward of Cora- 
 bahee-river and the fwamp sfore- 
 fui.'., between the fca, including 
 tlie iflands, and the faid line to 
 beccfwinucd from the main fwamp 
 aforefa.d to Mathews's Bluif on 
 Savannah-river. 
 
 Orange burgh diflri^l includes 
 all places betwetn ijavan.iah, San- 
 tce, Congarfe. and Broad rivers, 
 the faid line from Nelfon's Ferry 
 to Mathews's Blufi", and a dircft 
 line to be run from Silver Ijluff. 
 on Savannah-river, to the mouth 
 of Rocky-creek, on Salud^-river, 
 and thence in the fame courfc to 
 
 D (•**•* >4 . ... ^ I M .• 
 
 i,-rv^ ,»- J » V • • J 
 
 George-town diflri^ includeJ 
 all places between .Santee- river 
 aforefaid, the fe<i, and the liite 
 
CAR 
 
 which divides the parifbe« of St. of R 
 
 Mark from tlie parirti of Prince- foo. T 
 
 C A R 
 
 owsn, Mecklenburgh, An- 
 
 Fredcricit, which is cok.cinuea in 
 the fame courfc acrofs Pedec to 
 the Ncrth-Carolina boundary. 
 
 Ca;nden cJiftrirt is bounded by 
 the (aid Jinc which divides the 
 pari(hcs of St. Mark and Prince 
 Frederick, Santec, Congarce, and 
 Broad rivers, anjj by a north-wert 
 line from the northernmort cor- 
 ner of WiJliimfl>urgh townfhip to 
 Lynch'i creek, and from thence 
 by that creek, and a line drawn 
 from the head of that creek upon 
 a cjurfe north, thirty degrees 
 weft, until it interftas the pro- 
 vincial line. 
 
 Cheraws diftria is bounded by 
 the faid /aft-mentioned line, the 
 provincial boundary, and the line 
 dividing St. Mark's and Prince 
 Frederick's parifhcs, which is con- 
 tinued until it 1nterfe«fts the nor- 
 thern provincial line. 
 
 Ninety-fix diflricfl extends to 
 all other parts of the province 
 not already defcribed. 
 
 In thcfe diftnfts arc the follow- 
 ing counties: 
 
 In South-Carolina: — Charles- 
 Town,— Berkeley,— Granville,— 
 Craven— Colleton — Orangcburgh 
 Cheraws,— Ninety -fix,— Camden 
 — Sa'uda,— New Diftria. 
 
 North Carolina is divided into 
 diftrifts as follows : 
 
 Wijmington, which contains the 
 counties of New-Hanover, Brunf- 
 wick, Bkden, Onflow, Duplin, 
 and Cumberland. 
 
 Newbern contains the counties 
 of Craven, CarKret, Beaufort, 
 Hyde, Dobbs, and Pitt. 
 
 Edenron contains the counties 
 of Chowan, Perquimons, Pafquo- 
 tank, Currituck, Bertie, Tvrrcl. 
 and Hertf rd. 
 
 Halifax Contains the counties 
 of Northampton, Edgecumbe, 
 Bute, and Johnfton. 
 
 Hiiliborough contains the coun- 
 ties of Orange, Granville. Chat- 
 flam, and Wake. 
 
 SaIiA)ury contains the counties 
 
 0, Tryon, Surry, and Guild- 
 ford, 
 
 Formerly the coaft of N. America 
 was all called Virginia. The pro- 
 vince properly Co called, with 
 Maryland and the Carolinas, wa< 
 known by the name of South 
 Virginis. By the Spaniards it was 
 confidered as part of Florids, 
 which country they would have to 
 extend from New Mexico to the 
 Atlantic Ocean. They firfl dif- 
 covered this large country; and, 
 b> their inhumanity to the na- 
 tives, left it. The Spaniards, no 
 more than the French, paid any 
 attention to this fine country, and 
 left it to the enterprifing Englifh, 
 who, in Sir Walter Rawleigh's 
 time, projcftcd fettlements there j 
 yet, through fome unaccountable 
 caprice, it was not till the reign of 
 Charles II. io 1663, that we en- 
 tertained any formal notions of 
 fettling that conntry. In that year, 
 the Lords Clarendon, Albemarle, 
 Craven, Berkeley, Afhiey, after- 
 wards Shaft Itury, Sir George Car- 
 teret, Sir Wilhani Berkeley, and 
 Sir Geo. CoUeton, from all which 
 the different counties, rivers.towns, 
 &c. were called, obtained a char- 
 ter for the property and jurifdic- 
 tion of that country, from the 
 jift degree of N. latitude, to the 
 361 h; and being inverted with full 
 power to fettle and govern the 
 country, they had a model of a 
 conflitution framed, and by a 
 body of fundamental laws com- 
 piled by that famous philofopher 
 Mr, Lock. On this plan the pro- 
 prietors ftood in the place of the 
 king, gave their aflent or nega- 
 tive to all laws, appointed all of- 
 fictrs, and-bcftowcd all titles of 
 dignity. In his turn, one al- 
 ways afted for the reft. In the 
 jrovince they appointed two other 
 jranches, in a good meafure ana- 
 agous to the lemflature in Enir- 
 
 TK-^ ~.'_j_ .L^__ 
 
 - ■■•.y Miaiic iiifcc ranKSj 
 or rather clafles, of nobility. The 
 loweft was compofwU of liiofe 
 D 3 
 
CAR 
 
 • I 
 
 whom they called baroni, and 
 to whom they made granta of 
 ]s,ooo acrea of Und. The nest 
 ord«r had 34,000 acres, or two 
 Iwronlca.wlth the tiric of canqnei, 
 •nfwering to our 9»th. The third 
 •had two cafign«fhipa, or 48,000 
 acres, and werecaHcd Landgrave*, 
 arwlagous to duke-. Thii body 
 formed the upper houfe, whofe 
 ]and( were not alienable by par- 
 cel*: the lower houie was formed 
 of reprefentative* from ihe feveral 
 town* and countie*. But the whole 
 was not called, as in the other 
 
 f>laHtation, an afTtmbly, but a par- 
 iament. They began their firft 
 fctflement between the two navi- 
 Ijahle rivers, called Aftiley and 
 Cowper, and laid the foundation 
 •f the capital city, called Charles- 
 town, in honour of King Charles, 
 They expended about i2,oool. in 
 the firft fcttlcment; and obfcrv- 
 ing what advantages other colo- 
 nic* derived from opening an har- 
 bour for refugees of all perfua- 
 fions, they by doing fo brought 
 over a great number of difTciUcrj, 
 over whom the then government 
 held a «iorc feverc hand than was 
 confiftent with the rules of true 
 jpoHcy. Thefe, however wife ap- 
 pointments, were in a manner fruf- 
 trated by the difpnrcs between the 
 churchmen and diflentcrs, and al- 
 fo by violent opprelTions over the 
 Indians, which caufed twodcflruc- 
 tive wars with them, in which 
 they conqueied thofe natives, as 
 far as to the Apalachian moun- 
 tains. The province then, by an 
 aft of parliament in England, was 
 redemanded, and put under the 
 protedion of the crown; except 
 the eighth part of the Earl of 
 Granville, which he referved, the 
 other proprietors accepting of a- 
 bout 24,0001. Carolina was fincc 
 divided into two diftinft govern- 
 irents, South and North Caro- 
 lina, in 1728 ; and in a little time 
 firm peace was concluded between 
 the Englilh and the neighbouring 
 .IndiaDS. ihc Ciicrokecs and the 
 
 CAR 
 
 Catanba*, and fince that time \t 
 ha* advanced with an aftonilhing 
 rapidity, Thi* :* the only one 
 of the province* on the continent 
 that i* lubjfft to hiirricanc*. The 
 <oui)try where tkcy have not clear- 
 ed, is, in a manner, one forell of 
 all kind of trees. But it* chief 
 produce, the beavers of Carolina, 
 are deftroytd here, a* ihey art in 
 Canada and elfewlicre, by the en- 
 couragement the Indians received 
 to kill them. As the land abound* 
 with natural manure, or nitre, fo 
 it needs no cultivation in this ref- 
 
 ficft ; and what is Ihangc, indigo 
 n its worft land* grows to a great 
 advantage. Their ground doe* 
 not aniwer fo well for wheat 
 which they arc fupplied with from 
 New-York and I'cnfylvania, in 
 exchange for their fine rice, in 
 which they are unrivalled. The 
 climatcaf thefe provinces is nearly 
 alike, and much the fame as that 
 of Virginia; excepting that the 
 fumnurs are longer, and more 
 intcrfely hot, and the winters 
 ihorter and milder; fo that, tho' 
 now and then a fudden cold comr* 
 on, the frolh are never ftrorg 
 enough to rtfjft the noon -day 
 warmth. The foil is various t 
 near the fea it is marfhy, lying 
 low ; and, indeed, the lands of 
 Carolina are a perfcft plain for 
 80 miles within land, fcarcely a 
 pebble beUr^ to be found ; how- 
 ever, in proportion to the difiance 
 . from the fia, their fertility in- 
 creafes, till they arc exceeded by 
 none, either for that or piftu- 
 refque beauty. The chief pro- 
 duftrons are, indigo, olive, vine, 
 hiccory, oak, walnut, orange, ci- 
 tron, pine,cypiefs, fafi;fras,calfia, 
 and white mulberry trees for filk- 
 worms t farfaparilla, and pines 
 yielding rofin, turpentine, tar, 
 and pitch ; alfo a tree diftilling an 
 oil very efficacious in the cure of 
 wounds, and another yi( Iding a 
 balm nearly equal to that of Mec- 
 ca ; rice, tobacco, wheat. Indian- 
 toin, barley, oats, peaii?, beans, 
 
CAR 
 
 hemp, flax, and cotton; great 
 4tuiitiiics of honey, of whicif are 
 made excellent fpiriti, and mead 
 as good as Malaga fack. The 
 
 frcat ftaple commodities are in- 
 igo, rke, and produce of the 
 pmc. Indigo and rice .S. Caro- 
 hrtft has to herfelf ; anrf, taking in 
 North Carohna, thefe two yield 
 more pitch and tar than all , he 
 reft of the colonics. Rice form- 
 ed once the ttaplc of this pro- 
 vince; this makes the grcatcft 
 part of the food of all ranks of 
 people in the fouthcrn parts of 
 the new world. In the northern 
 ^ IS not fo much in requcft; and 
 tins one branch is computed to he 
 worth 150,0001. a year. U i, 
 Pii.l great attention to in S. C.ro- 
 hna, where it is cultivated to a 
 very confidcrable advan'aire. oir- 
 tici.larly at Charles-town. There 
 arc m the two provinces which 
 wmpolfe Carolina, the followinir 
 navigable rivers, and inni.mera 
 blc fmaller ones; viz, Roanoke 
 or Albemarle, Pamticoe, No.,, 
 Cape Fear or C/arendon, in N 
 Carolina; Pedee. Santee, in S.' 
 
 Carolina; all which,, thoTwarm- 
 ing with fifh, abounds with tr. i- 
 blefome catara«,, which impede 
 nmgation.---. Along all thefe 
 
 fclf IS fo fhallow near the eaflcrn 
 coafls that no large Ihips can ap- 
 proach them, but at a few places. 
 In this d.vifion are the fojlowine 
 
 Jcar. There are but few har- 
 bours, VIZ. Roanoke, and Pam- 
 ^coeinNorth.Carolina; VVinyaw 
 or George-town, Charles -fo'n 
 and Port-Royal, in S.Carolina ;a]i 
 whofe rivers nfe in the Apalachian 
 mountains, and run into the At- 
 
 hL A ^J^^^^ees, Yafous, Mo- 
 Wle, Apalachicola, Pearl rivers 
 *c. the two fira of which fall 
 |ntotheMiinfippi.,,-ver,th;oth': 
 
 ca?oitL"^.r^^-r- ^^""^ 
 
 but'irY""" '" ^^'^'a^hy as South, 
 but u has more white people 
 ^denton was the capital of Nanh 
 
 CAR 
 
 Carolina, but it 1, now onfr . 
 ramplcs of filk have been pro- 
 
 cod. which Ibmetlmes happea 
 here, difagrec with the wotm. 
 I he making of wine has been of 
 ^tc years introduced; and, with 
 proper management, U Is thouaht 
 cannot but fucceed, * * 
 
 The value of the exports has. 
 amounted, for fomc years part tl 
 
 n-r half a million WlCai! 
 "^/"Ily. In the year 17,4, ^L 
 
 pmed at little more thaa, 00,0001. 
 
 The number of velTels cleared 
 omattheCuftom-houfe,inCharle'. 
 "7' '." '773, was four hundred 
 arjd thirty-one; in 1773, five- 
 hundred and fcven, IniyL,ih^ 
 number of vefTels cleared out wal 
 two. hundred and nine; and ia 
 
 III ^'^'"■''""''''•-•^l and fcvcn^ 
 
 In the year 1770, the number 
 of dwelling -houfts in Charles- 
 town was twelve- hundred and 
 ninety-two; 
 
 In the fame year, the number 
 of whiie-inhabitants, in Charles- 
 town, was five thouiand and 
 thirty. 
 
 The number of negro and other 
 flaves was 6276 ; free negroes^ 
 r«uIaUoes, &c. 24. Total 6, 300. " 
 
 1 he number of men in Charles- 
 town (December, 1773,) on the- 
 ni.!.tia%,u/ler-rol!, was upward, 
 of 1400, and the number of in- 
 habitants is computed at fourteca 
 thoufand. 
 
 The number of men on the fe- 
 veral militia muiler-rolls through- 
 out the province, in 1773, was a- 
 bout 13,000; and the total num. 
 berof white inhabitants calculated 
 to amount to about fixty-fivc 
 thoufand- "' 
 
 In 1770 the number of negro 
 and other flaves. f»v/l>,n.,- ^r.u-/-- 
 in Charles- town, ar.iounted to 
 75*452; free negroes, &c. 13c. 
 great numbers have been fine© 
 
CAR 
 
 imported, and the whole number 
 of negroes, mulaftoes, &c. now 
 in the province, is eftimated to 
 be upwards of an hundred and 
 twcnfy-thoufaBd. 7 he number 
 computed by the Congrefs, in 
 1775, was 225,000 inhabitants. 
 
 The fums neceflary for defray- 
 ing the annual expences of go- 
 vernment, are raifed by a poll-tax 
 on (laves and free negroes, a tax 
 on land, value of town-lors and 
 buildings, monies at intereft, or 
 arifjng from annuities, (lock in 
 trade, and the profits of all fa- 
 culties and prcfcffions, the clergy 
 excepted, fa^orage and employ- 
 ment, and handcrafts trades ; 
 which is called the general tax. 
 In the law pafTed 1768, to raife 
 the fum of 105,773!. 9s. 6d. the 
 proportions were as follows, being 
 what are generally obferved, viz. 
 flaves and free negroes, the head 
 145. 6d. lands, the 100 acres i2«. 
 6d. town lots and buildings 65.3^. 
 on every lool. value; monies at 
 intereft 6s. 3d. the lool. annui 
 ties 25.'. on every icol. (lock in 
 trade, profits of faculties and 
 profcflions, &c. 6s. 3d. on every 
 lool. The general tax colleOed 
 hi 1769, was 146,1991. IS. 5d. 
 andthelaftco.Mefted, viz. in 1771, 
 was 102, ml. 13?. iid. 
 
 The annual expences of go- 
 vernment in 1767, amounted to 
 151,317!. 9s. 3d. and in 1768 
 104,440!. 19s, 3d. The ftipends 
 of the eilabiiihed clergy, paro- 
 chial charges, See. amounting to 
 about iSjOcol, per annum, are 
 not included in the above fums, 
 being charged to the general duty 
 fund. The fulary of the chief 
 juftice, adiftant judges, and at- 
 torney-general, now make an ad- 
 dition of 15,4001. per annum to 
 the expences of government. 
 
 In 1772, the produce of the fe- 
 veral country duties was 97,804!. 
 14s. 6d. but this was a larger fum 
 tlian they had produced for fome 
 years preceding ; theincreafe arofc 
 from the great number of negroes 
 imf ortcd in that year. 
 
 CAR 
 
 The amount of the poor-tax 
 raifed in Charles town, in 1769, 
 was 7cccl. the next year 8occ;l.' 
 and in the two fucceeding years 
 9000I. each year. The poor tax 
 raifed in the fame manner as the 
 genera! tax. 
 
 In North Carolina the number 
 of taxables in the year 1770, was 
 upwards of 58,000 j in 1774, 
 64,000. The number of negroes 
 and mulattoes is computed at a- 
 bout 10,000. 
 
 Carteret, a maritime coun- 
 ty in the diflr ft of Ncwbern, N. 
 Carolina, whofe principal fea- 
 port is Beaufort. It has the river 
 Nufe and Pamticoe Sound on the 
 N. and the fea furtounds the K. 
 and the S. parts of it : and it is 
 bounded on the W. by Onflow 
 and Craven counties. 
 
 Carthagena, a large city of 
 the capital of a province of the 
 fame name, in the Terra Firma. 
 h was founded in 1527. 
 
 From feveral natural advan- 
 tages, particularly that of its fine 
 firnatiorj, it was raifed into an 
 cpifcopal fee. Thefe advantages 
 foon excited the envy of fo- 
 reij^ners, particularly the French, 
 who invaded it in 1544. The 
 fecond invader was Sir Francis 
 Drake, in 1586, who, after pillag- 
 ing it, fct it on (ire ; but it was 
 happily refcucd from the flames 
 by a ranfcm of 120,000 ducaii 
 paid him by the neighbouring co- 
 lonics. It was invaded and pil- 
 laged a third time bj the French, 
 under Monf. de Pointis, in 1597, 
 when their booty was 2,5co,oowi. 
 Aerling. 
 
 The city is fituated on a fandy 
 ifland, which, forming 2 narrow 
 paflfagc; on the S. W. open a 
 comrnunication with that part call- 
 ed Tierra Bomba, As far as Bocca 
 Chica on the N. fide the land is 
 fo narrow, that before the wall 
 was begun the diftance from fea 
 to fea W3S onlv 10 ^srd.'. but 
 afterwards the land enlarging by 
 means of the wall, it forms ano- 
 ther iilaud on this fide, and the 
 
CAR 
 
 »hoIe city is, excepting thefe two 
 places, wliich are very narrow, 
 cntire/y furrounded with water. 
 Eastward it communicates, by 
 means of a wooden bridge, with 
 alargefuburb, caUed Hexcmani. 
 built on another ifland, which 
 communicates with the continent 
 by another wooden bridge. 
 
 The fortifications both of the 
 C'fy and fuburbs are conftrufted 
 in the modern manner, and lined 
 with freeftone. 
 
 The garrifon in time of peace 
 confifts of ten companies of re- 
 gufars, each containing 77 men 
 officers included, befides fcveral 
 compmiesof militia. The whole 
 city and fuburbs are commanded 
 bytbecafUcofSt.Lazaro, which 
 lies on the fide of Hexcmani on 
 an eminence; from whence and 
 other adjoining hiJh there is an 
 each anting view of the county 
 and coaft, to an immenfe diftance. 
 The city and fuburbs are well 
 laid out, the Oreets being ftrait. 
 broad uniform, and well pared! 
 The houfes are moftly built of 
 
 Ail the churches and convents arc 
 of a proper archite<flure ; but there 
 appears fomething of poverty in 
 ^.cornamental part, and fome want 
 what even decr,ncy might require. 
 Lanhagena, together with its 
 nburb.,,,scqualtoa city of the 
 third rank m Europe. It is well 
 peopled, though moft of its inha- 
 uT'' T <J«^"nded from the 
 Indian tribes. As no mines are 
 worked here, moft of the money 
 feen in ,1m partisfent from Santa 
 o;\f"'^Qi'^^'''»'>PaytHef-laries 
 
 uic year 1739 was in- 
 
 d<'pendent of the military govera. 
 '^^-^s. In civil affairs aVappeal 
 !■« to the audience of Santa Fe ; 
 
 t"ha; 1!'""°^ "*' '^'""' F*^ being 
 that year created, under the tirll 
 of Viceroy ot New Granada, the 
 aovernment of Carthagena be! 
 came Tub eifV fn Ki«, ir • .. 
 
 »"y dffdirs. The firft viceroy 
 
 CAR 
 
 was Lieutenant general Don Seba- 
 
 defended Carthagena againft the 
 powerful invafion of the Englifli 
 jn 1741, when after a long liege, 
 with »5ftipsof the line. 6fiL 
 «l"ps, 2 bomb-lcctches, and troops 
 enough to have then conquered 
 half America, they were forced to 
 retire. 
 
 „.w'''^^^"^ ^^' ^"° a Wfhop. 
 whofe fpiritual jurifdiftion is of 
 the fame extent with the military 
 and civil government. Here is 
 al ro a court of inquifition, whofc 
 power IS very extenfive. 
 
 Carthagena bay Js one of the 
 belt in this country. It extends 
 two leagues and a half from N. 
 to S. and has fafe anchorage, 
 though the many fhallovvs at the 
 entrance make a careful fteerage 
 neceffary. The entrance into .he 
 bay was through the narrow 
 
 mouth, but fince the invafion of 
 the finghlh a more commodious 
 one has been opened and fortified. 
 Towards Bocca Chica, and two 
 leagues andahalf diftantfeawards, 
 IS a Ihoal of gravel and coarfe 
 fand; on many parts of which 
 there is not above a foot and a 
 half of water. 
 
 The bay abounds with jrwrat 
 variety of filh ; the moft com- 
 mon are the Ihad and the turtle; 
 but It is a!fo infeftcd with a great 
 number of (harks. In this bay 
 the galleons from Spain waited for 
 the arrival of the Peru fleet at 
 Panama ; and on the firft advice 
 of this they failed away for Porto 
 Bello; but at the end of the fair 
 held at that town, return into 
 this bay, and after viaualling put 
 to fea again immediately. During 
 their abfence the bay was ver? 
 little frequented. The country- 
 veft. Is, whicii are only a few bi* 
 landers anr! f<>iii/./...- n 1 
 
 than to careen and fit out for fea. 
 
 /^he climate is very hot. From 
 May to November, which is the 
 \yinter here, there is almoft a con- 
 tinual fucctinon of thunder, rain 
 and tcmpefts ; fo that the ftrccti 
 
|!M 
 
 CAR 
 
 h«ve (he appearance of rivers, and 
 the country of an ocean i from 
 this, othcrwife Hiockin;; inconve- 
 tilence, they Tave water in refer- 
 voirt, RR the wells fnpply them 
 only with a thick, brackidi fort, 
 not fft to drink. From December 
 to April is here the fummer, in 
 whicn there it fo invariable a con- 
 tinuation of exct/Hve hear, that 
 perfpir. tion it profnfe to a degree 
 of wa((e; whence iht complexions 
 cf the inhabitants ere fu wan and 
 livid, that one would ima)>ine 
 them but newly recovered from 
 a violent fit of fickncfs s yet ihey 
 enjoy a good flate of healih, and 
 live even to 80 and upwards. The 
 (insularity of the climate occdfions 
 difFcmpfrs peculiar to the pluce: 
 the moft mocking is the fever, 
 attended with the black vomit, 
 wihich moftlya/rcdls (hangers, and 
 rages among the fcamen ; it lads 
 •bout three or four days, in which 
 time the patient either recovers or 
 dies, as it it very acute, and on 
 recovery is never troubled with it 
 again. 
 
 Another diHempcr peculiar to 
 the Inhabitants is the leprofy, 
 which is common and contagious 
 nor is the itch and harpcs Icfs 
 frequent or communicative, and 
 it is dangerous to attempt the cure 
 when it has once gained ground; 
 in its firft dage they anoint with 
 a kind of earth, called Maqui- 
 maqui. The little fnake is parti- 
 cular to this climate, which caufes 
 a round inflamed tumour, which 
 often terminates in a mortifica- 
 tion. Spafms and convulfions are 
 ▼ery common here, and frequently 
 prove mortal. The principal trees 
 for fize are the caobo, or acjou, 
 the cedar, the maria, and the bal- 
 fam tree. Of the firft are made 
 the canoes and champagnes ufed 
 for filhing, and for the coaft and 
 river trade. The rcddifh cedar is 
 oreftrahle to the whiti.th^ The 
 maria and bal.'am trees, befides 
 the ufefulnefs of their timber, 
 uhich, like the others, are com- 
 paO, fragrant, and finely grained, 
 
 CAR 
 
 didil thofe admirable balfamt 
 called maria-oii and balfam of 
 Tolu, from an adjacent village, 
 where it is found in the greateft 
 quantities. Here are alfo the ti> 
 marind, medlar, fapote, papayo, 
 guabo, canno fiftolo, or caifia, 
 palm, and manzanillo ; mod of 
 them producing a palatable,whole« 
 fomc fruit, with a durable and va- 
 riegated wood. The manzanillo 
 is remarkable, as its fniiis are 
 poifonous, the antidote common 
 oil ; but the wood is variegated 
 like marble. It is dangerous evea 
 to lie under this tree. 
 
 1 he guiacum and ebony trtfs 
 are equally common here; their 
 hurdncfs almoft equal to iron. 
 The fcnfitive plimt is found in 
 
 fircat plenty. The bejuco, or 
 )ind - weed, here, bears a fruit 
 called habilia, or bean, very bit- 
 ter, but one of the moA efie^iul 
 antidotes againd the bites of vi- 
 pers and ferpents. Perfons who 
 frequent the Woods always eat of 
 this valuable habilia, and then 
 arc no way apprehenfive from the 
 bite, though ever fo venomous. 
 
 7 he only tame animals h«re 
 are the cow and the hog : the 
 flelh of the latter is faid to exceed 
 the beft in Europe, while that of 
 the former is dry and upalatahle, 
 as they cannot fatten through the 
 cxceflive heats. Poultry, pigeons, 
 partridges, and geefe, are very 
 good, and in great plenty. Thai 
 are alfo great quantities of deer, 
 rabbits, and wild boars called fa- 
 jonef. 1 he tigers make great ha* 
 vock among the creatures. Here 
 are fo^es, armadilloes, or fcaly 
 lizards, ardillas, (quirreis, and an 
 innumerable xniriety of monktys. 
 T he bat is here very remark- 
 able ; for the people, on account 
 of the heat, are obliged to have 
 their windows open all night, at 
 which the bats get in, and open 
 (he veins of sn" part th^t is n^- 
 kcd ; fo that from the orifice the 
 blood flows in fuch quantities, 
 that their fleep has often proved 
 their pallage to eternity. Snakcsi 
 
 vipers, 
 
 poifonou 
 
 common 
 
 Barley 
 
 lent gra 
 
 Maizo ai 
 
 make th 
 
 bound c 
 
 tiont of 
 
 fuch a de 
 
 the price 
 
 part of t 
 
 isdillilled 
 
 fo quick 
 
 year. G\ 
 
 trees gro« 
 
 The ci 
 
 chocolate 
 
 Tills is ih 
 
 which Nat 
 
 on this 
 
 fruits, wh 
 
 Sjwin, an 
 
 melons, ca 
 
 ranges, m 
 
 grapes are 
 
 Spain, but 
 
 thoin. Tl 
 
 country ar;; 
 
 from its be 
 
 is rtyird, I 
 
 the iniccn 
 
 payas, gun 
 
 potes, man 
 
 and many ( 
 
 IcH'jth of tl 
 
 from five tc 
 
 diameter n 
 
 four. 
 
 Lemoi;s 
 deleft is ren 
 of limes, 
 and olives, 
 the country 
 "''. and rail 
 fupplied fro 
 The hay 
 fifft place in 
 galleons we 
 3Nd hence 
 fruits of cor 
 
 iTia ic 
 
 'liough not 
 file (ovins ob 
 fwr, were yt 
 
\ R 
 
 nirable balfami 
 
 and balfam of 
 adjacent village, 
 d in the greatefl 
 e are alfo the tt- 
 
 fa pole, papayo, 
 ftolo, or caifia, 
 unilto ; moft of 
 I palatable,whole> 
 a durable and va- 
 The mnnzanillo 
 as its fruiis are 
 ntidote common 
 >od is variegated 
 s dangerous cvca 
 tree, 
 
 and ebony treei 
 lion here; tlieir 
 
 equal to iron, 
 iint is found in 
 rhe bejiico, or 
 re, bears a fruit 
 r bean, vcij bit- 
 :he vno(\ efic^iul 
 
 the bites of vi> 
 s. Perfons who 
 )ds always eat of 
 ibilla, and then 
 henfive from tlie 
 r fo venomous, 
 ne animals h«rc 
 i the hog : the 
 ' is faid to exceed 
 )e, while that of 
 ^ and npalatahlr, 
 tten through the 
 Poultry, pigeons, 
 gecfe, are very 
 It plenty. Tlitri 
 antitics of deer, 
 1 boars called fa- 
 s make great ha« 
 creatures. Hrre 
 flilloes, or fcaly 
 (quirrcis, and an 
 cty of monktys. 
 irc very rctnark- 
 opic, on account 
 obliged to Itavt 
 icn all night, at 
 ;et in, and open 
 part that is ni- 
 m the orifice the 
 Aich quantities, 
 las often proved 
 crnity. Snakes, 
 
 CAR 
 
 vipers, centipes, and all other 
 poif<jnou$ reptiles, arc here at 
 common as in other parts. 
 
 Barley, wheat, and other efcu- 
 lent grains, are little known. 
 Maizo and rice, of which they 
 make their bollo, or bread, a- 
 bound even to cxccA. Planta- 
 tions of fugar-canes abound to 
 fuch a degree, as greatly to lower 
 the price o( honey : and a great 
 part of the juice of thcfe canes 
 15 dilliilccl into fpirits : thefe grow 
 fo quick as to be cnt twice a 
 year. Great numbers of cotton- 
 trees grow ij.rre. 
 
 The cacao-trees, from which 
 chocolate is male, excel here, 
 'Mils is the moft vahiable treafure 
 which Nature could have beftowcd 
 on this country. Among the 
 fruits, which rcfemblc thofc of 
 Spain, are the melons, water- 
 melons, called patillas, j^rapcs, o- 
 ranges, medlars, and dates : the 
 grapes arc not equal to tliofe of 
 Spain, but the medlars far exceed 
 thorn. The fruits peculiar to the 
 country arc, the pine apple.which, 
 from Its beauty, fmell, and lade, 
 IS rtyled, by way of preference, 
 ihe uucen of fruits j the papa- 
 payas, gunaliaiias, guaybas, ia- 
 potes, mamcis, plaiitanoi, cocos, 
 and many others, 'J 'he common 
 cn-jthoftliepine-cipplcisuCually 
 from five to fcvcn inches, and the 
 diameter near its balls three or 
 four. 
 
 Lemons are fcarce ; but that 
 delta u remedied by a luxuriance 
 of hnr.es. As grapes, almonds, 
 and olives, arc not natural here 
 the country is deftitute of wine' 
 "•I, and railins, with which it is 
 Supplied from Europe. 
 
 The hay of Carthaacna is the 
 nr place in America at which the 
 galleons were allowed to touch. 
 JNd hence it cnjojcd the firlt- 
 iruitsof commerce by the public 
 -j^ss male there. i hole faies. 
 'liough not accompanied with all 
 le forms obferved at Porto-Bello 
 air, were yet very confiderablc ; 
 w ihc trader* of Santa Fc, Po. 
 
 CAR 
 
 P»yan and q,,ito, laid out, not 
 only thur whole ftock, but alfo 
 the monies cntrurtcd to them bv 
 commiinon, for fever.! /brts of 
 goods, and thofe fpecics of pro- 
 yifions which were mofHy wanted 
 «n ibeirrefpcftivccouniries. The 
 two provinces ot Santa Fe and 
 lopayan have no other way of 
 fupplying thcmfelves with thofc 
 provif.ons but from Carthagena. 
 rhcir traders bring gold and fil- 
 vcr in fpecie, ingots, and duft, 
 and alfo emerals ;.as, bcfides the 
 lilver mines worked at Santa Fe 
 and which daily increafe by frcfti 
 difcovcries, there are others,which 
 yield the fincft emerals : but the 
 value of thofc gems being now 
 lalJcn in Europe, and particularly 
 >n Spain, the trade of them, for- 
 merly fo confiderablc, is now 
 greatly jefTened, and confequenf y 
 the reward of finding them. All 
 thefe mines produce great quan- 
 tities of gold, which is carried to 
 t.«^co and there pays one fifth to 
 the King. This little fair at Car- 
 thagena occafioned a great quan- 
 tity of n.ops to be opened, and 
 filled with all kmds of merchan- 
 dize, the profit pardy refulting to 
 Spaniards, who ufed to come in 
 the galleons, which is now at an 
 end. 
 
 ihc produce of the royjl re, 
 yeiines in this city, being not fuf- 
 hcicnt to pay and fapport the go. 
 vcrnor, garrifon, and n great 
 number of other officers, the de- 
 ficiency is remitted from the trea- 
 sures of Santa Fe, and O^ito. 
 under the name of Situado to- 
 gether with fuch monies as are re- 
 qmlite f„r kcepin,. up tiie fortifi. 
 cations, furnilhing the arciJlery 
 and other expences neceflary for 
 the defence of the place and its 
 forts, Lat lo, x6. long. 77, 22, 
 CartaGo, the capital of Cc ' 
 Rica in New Spijn, fituatfd ■■ 
 leagues from the North an'd 17 
 leagues from the South Sea, hav- 
 ing a port in each. It was for- 
 merly m a much more fl nuilhin. 
 lUte Chan at prefcnt. Several rich 
 
 
C A V 
 
 iwfi'fhunti redded here,whoMrrl««l 
 un M grmt ttude lo Pritinma, I'orto 
 Bellot Cart Itii genu, and tite lU- 
 vannah, It hnd alTu a 0ovcriu>r, 
 •i\d wai tha Cm of a bllliop ; but 
 Mt pi<;(ci)t it li only <t mean pUco. 
 hai vciy few lithabiianu, and 
 lui'tlly any trade. LalUude 9i is* 
 long. 83, 16, 
 
 Ca»\ V >i. or St. Thom AI, a 
 rock betwe«n the Vlrglit lilct, K. 
 Knd I'orto Rico or. ttie W. At a 
 fmall dithocc tt <tp|Htir» like n tail, 
 •I It in white and h«K two poiniK, 
 Betwrru it aitd St. 1 homai pittttii 
 Sir Frnitcii l)rakc'& Channel. 
 
 Cas CO Bay, in the county of 
 York, in the province of New 
 YUnip(blre, New Kngland. 'I'hia 
 bay, !f reckoned liom Cape Kllf,a- 
 beth tu Small I'oint, h i$ milcii 
 v^^ide, and about 14 deept is a 
 n\o(k beauilft)! bay lull of little 
 tUand*. BmMfwick (lands on the 
 N K. cove of it, and raimouth* a 
 fwcet pretty town, on a mott de- 
 lightful fcitc at the S. W. end of 
 It, which h now no more, bcinj^ 
 dcflroycd in Janimiy, ir^b^by the 
 Britilh forces, for rr t» dng to liip- 
 ply them with naval florcJi. Lat. 
 44. ^. long. 6«, ^5. 
 
 C \i - Is I. AM), or (lUA- 
 K AH ANT, one of »hc Uahiuna 
 Iii;ind!t, ]t was iIh lirll dilcovcred 
 by Columbus, on l)dt«>bcr 11, 
 149} , to which he gnve ihc name 
 c>f Sr. Salva«U>i«\ It lies on a 
 paiticular bank to the li. of the 
 iiicat H«nk ul the Hohunias, 
 ftom which it is }>i>itcd by u nar- 
 row channel Cjille<i Kxiwna Sound. 
 Long. 74, 30. lat. J14, 30. 
 
 CAt;oA, a river in the Hlhnnis 
 «f Darien, wht'lc (omte i.n in 
 common with that of l.a NUdalena 
 In the Lake Papa», near the 8ih 
 dcjsree of S. latitude, an<l which 
 •bout JO Ic4)iuc$ li-om Curthu^cna 
 ♦alU into this Ui\ river, after a 
 courfe of J 60 leagues, nearly in 
 
 >k _ j' .. i:_ ^1; 
 
 Cava L to, a fc.n-pcirt town in 
 fbe prt>vinrc of Venczula on the 
 Terra lirma, or Irthmu* of Da- 
 rieo, a| miki N. K, of iit, Ja^o 
 
 c rt A 
 
 dt I.enn. It was attacked hy 
 comniodote Knowirk, but wiih< 
 out any fticccfs. l^at. 10, 15. loiiir, 
 
 Cay M ANi, three fmall f (lands, 
 55 leagues N. N. VV, of Janiaicu; 
 tlie mc(V rmitherly ol which is 
 calSed the (Jrcat Caymans, whicit 
 It inhabited | iti liiuntlon Is vrr* 
 h>w, but it is covered with high 
 trees, and habitable port is uhotit 
 hiilf a mile bng. It has no hiir* 
 hour for Ihips of burthen, only a 
 lolcrtible anchoring'plrtce on the 
 S. W. The number of inhabittuili 
 Is about 160, who are dci'ccndunti 
 of the old buccaniers. 1'hcy 
 hitve no clirgymanHniongfl thnn, 
 but go to Jamaica to be maiiiud. 
 'Ibis lilllc'colony xs undoublrdiy 
 the luppifil ill the Well Ir«lics: 
 the climate and (oil, which «io 
 (ingularly (alubriouji, render "iKle 
 people healthy nod vigorous, and 
 enanlc them to live to a p.iat 
 age. 'J'hc Little C^tynuin ]ito- 
 duces plenty of corn and v< j'.Ua- 
 bics, hogs and poultry, nnich be- 
 yond what is wanted for thrir 
 own conl'umption. They have 
 hKo fngar-eantj, imd plenty of 
 good wotcr. Their principal cm- 
 phwmrnt is finiing for turtle, sinJ 
 piloting vcHrU to the adjoiitiii); 
 iltaiuU. 'I he inrilcs, of which 
 lluy have gi cut plenty enable thtn\ 
 to Inpi^ly Port-Boyul and othrr 
 places with great \ju.mlilies. 'J'he 
 Cireat Caymans lies in lat. 15,43, 
 long. 80, ^o. 
 
 CHAciRF, • river in South' 
 America, and empire of Peru. It 
 was formerly called Lngoiias, 
 fiom the number of alligators in 
 u ; has ii» Cource in the mountains 
 near Cruces, and its mouth in the 
 Norwi-Sca, io lat. 9. Its entrance 
 is defended by a fort, buiU on a 
 llecp rock on the K. tide near the 
 i'ea-ihore. This loit has a coin* 
 maudant and lieutenant, and the 
 
 Safnitrn i5 
 
 .1 .-.U*_j *^--.. 
 
 I>„n. 
 
 — — o , 
 
 ma, to which you goby this nvtr, 
 I.Mulinp at Cnices, about 5 leagues 
 fri^m Panama, and from thence 
 o»c itavci« by land to thaiciiy. 
 
C H A 
 
 OppoTiH" t«» Foie Ch.ifi;re U the 
 rtiy il fuftom-Iioiirc, wliprc un hc- 
 coiiMi II tMlun (if ali j;oc)<Ii f,o\ngt 
 tip the river. Hoe if ii hroadrft, 
 l)finj{ 1 10 toKis* over ; whcrcau, 
 »t. Ciiicoii, where i( licglni lo be 
 niivij^nhlc, it Is only lo toifcn 
 wiilc : from (lie town of Chugrc 
 10 the mouth of ilic river it n 
 milcii, or (even Icnji.ucd, tind the 
 hiMiing N. W. wcKKrlyj hut the 
 (|i(lni\cc nic.AirCii l»y ihc wittilinos 
 ij 43 miles. I'licrc is .it Cruecs 
 ilciildr, at till* cudom-houfe. 
 
 an .1 
 
 CiiAMiirHs, ti town in Cmn- 
 Itcrind county, l*enrylvBiii;i, fi, 
 liiitcd on il hraiich ol' the I'oiow- 
 niflck rivfr, in .i tradio^j path from 
 M.uyi.u'tl toCarlinc.lVom whence 
 il is did.uu ,S, W. !.hont 35 n)ilc«. 
 
 Cii A M V 1. A t N , .-« lake on the N. 
 borders ol New- York, and on the 
 W. ot I iinaa.!; whirc are Tevcral 
 torts. l,;it. ^4,' lo, Long. 73, 10. 
 
 (^HAKi. Ks, .1 town in the JJ. 
 divilion of Maryland, on the 
 Imitoni of i:hiiMjpeiik-I)ay, ncur 
 tilt entrance of Sudjuchaiinah d 
 ver. 
 
 Cm a r I. b s-c a p k , a promontory, 
 
 nicniionedinC.ipt.JanK!.'»V(..y.iijc. 
 L«t. 66, 00. I.oojj. 87. aa. 
 
 Chakiks- rowN, in St. Mj- 
 ry's county, Murylind, is/iuMtcd 
 ontheN.omk of the Potou mack 
 river, 4a miles .S. W. from Annu- 
 ' polis, and aa frotn Relhavcn. 
 CHAHi.rs-TovvN (liiiria, in S. 
 Caroiin.i, incUules all places be- 
 tween the N. brunch of Santcc 
 liver and Conibaluc river and the 
 ica, including ihc illinds by a 
 line drawn fron» Ncllbn's Ferry 
 •iiicaly towards Marr's HUitT 01' 
 Savannah river, till it intcrkas 
 the fvvamp at the head of the S. 
 branch of Combalite river. 
 
 Charlks-towh, the metro- 
 polis of Charles-town county in 
 South-Carolina, .ind indeed the 
 only valuable town in this or 
 Aorth-Caroiina, is one of the firlt 
 in Nonh-Amcrici, for fize, bcau- 
 «y, and traffick. It is fituatcd on 
 » iKck of land between two navi- 
 giblc rivcr-s, Aflilcy and Cowpcr j 
 
 C H A 
 
 Imt mftftly on the latter, fiavfn* 
 » creek on the N lidc, .in<| ano- 
 ther on thcS. The town i« rrgn- 
 laly bnijf, and pretty flrongly 
 fortified, boih by nature and .ir'« 
 It ha« (ix balH -ns, and a line all 
 loiii'd it. Towardj Cowper river 
 arc! Ulakc's-balHon, Granvillc'.- 
 bidhoi), .1 h.ilf-moon, and Cin- 
 vfo's-baftion s on the S. creek 
 are the*<ff,dir« !(,« and Afhley's- 
 b»'flion J on the N. a line t antl 
 facin;ir Alhly river arc Collcton- 
 bMhon and r.dinf.,n's covered 
 hall-moon, with n draw-bridge 
 in the line and another In the 
 half-moon; Cirteret-baaion is 
 the Mxr to It. Ikfides thcfe re- 
 gular works, another fort ha» 
 been errOid upon « point of land 
 at the mouth of Alhlcy river 
 which con.m mds the cbannc! io 
 well, that (hips cannor eafily paf* 
 it. The balHons, pnlifadocs, aud 
 fofle nv'xt the land having been 
 much damaged by a hurricane,, 
 and reckoned to be of too "re.ie 
 an cx'cnt to be defended by the 
 inhabitants, Governor Nichollbn 
 cauicd them to be dcmoliHied j 
 but thofc near the water fHII fub- 
 (ii\, and are in g(>od repair. Thi» 
 place is a market-town, and to ic 
 the whole ptoduil of the province 
 is brought for fale. Neither is itc 
 trade inconlidcrable; for it dealt 
 near jooo miles into the contl- 
 ncn:. However, it h^s the great 
 difadvantarie of a bar which ad- 
 mits no (hips above aco tons. 
 But this bar has 16 feet water at 
 iow tide ; and after a (hip b.n o( t 
 clofc lip to the town, iHerc is good 
 ri'lin;;. And the harbour is de- 
 fended by a fort, called Johnfoi.'s- 
 .'•jrt, and about o guns in it 
 which ranoe level with ihc furfacc 
 ot the water, Allilcy river is na- 
 vig,d)le for (hipj ao miles above 
 the town ; and for boats and pet 
 
 ttllltl. 
 
 "•■ isrgc iUiiocs, near 4.0. 
 
 Cowper river is not prafticablc for 
 fliips Co far ; but for boats and 
 pcttyaugers much further, 
 
 The fituation of CharJes-town 
 is very inviting, and the country 
 
 E •' 
 
m 
 
 B'; 
 
 C H A 
 
 about It agreeable and fruitful. 
 The highways are extremely de- 
 lightful, efpecially that called 
 Broad-way, which for three or 
 four miles makes a road and walk 
 fo charmingly green, that no art 
 could make Co plcafing a fight for 
 the u hole year. 
 
 The ftreets are well laid out, 
 the houfes large, fome of brick, 
 but more of timber, and gene- 
 rally fafhed, and let ai excedive 
 rents. The church is fpacious, 
 and executed in a very elegant 
 tafte, exceeding every tl.ing of 
 that kind in North-America, hav- 
 ing three ifles, an organ, and a 
 gallery quite round. There arc 
 jneeting-houfes for the fcveral de- 
 nominations oi diflenters; among 
 which the French protcftants have 
 a church in the main ftreet. It 
 contains about 800 houfes, is the 
 feat of the governor, and the 
 place where the general aflembly 
 and court of judicature are held, 
 the public offices kept, and the 
 bufincfs olthf province tranfafled. 
 H^ve the rich people have haud- 
 fome eqr.ipaj;es; the merchants 
 are opulent and well bred; the 
 people are thriving, and expenfive 
 jn drefs and life ; fo that ev^ry 
 thing confpires to make this town 
 the politcft, as it is one of the 
 richeft in America. In this town 
 is a public library which owes its 
 rife to Dr. Thomas Bray, as do 
 moft of the American libraries, 
 having zealoully folicited contri- 
 butions in £ngiand for that pur 
 pofc. Charles - Town received 
 confidcrablc damage by a hurri- 
 cane, September 15, 1753, as 
 did the Shipping in the harbour. 
 The beft harbour of Carolina is 
 far to the S. on the borders of 
 Georgia, called Port royal. This 
 riight give n capacious and fafe 
 reception to the largeft fleets of 
 the grcateft bulk ar.J burden ; 
 yet the- town which is <..Mcd Beau- 
 fort, in Fort-royai iiaibour, is 
 not as yet confiderablc, but it 
 bids fair for becoming the firrt 
 trading town in this part of A me 
 iricd. i he import trade of £cuth 
 
 C H A 
 
 Carolina from Great Britain and 
 the Weft Indies, is the fame in 
 all refpefls with that of the reft 
 of the other colonics, and was very 
 large; and their trade with the 
 Indians in a very flourhhing coo. 
 dition. 
 
 £xported from all parts of North 
 Carolina in 1753. 
 
 Tar, 61,528 barrels. 
 
 Pitch, 14.055 ditto. 
 
 Turpentine, 10,429 ditto. 
 
 Staves, 76z,33o No. 
 
 Shingles, 2, 500,0c o ditto. 
 
 iuimber, 2,000,647 feet. 
 
 India corn, 61,580 bulfaels. 
 
 Peaic, lo,coo ditto. 
 
 Tobacco, 100 hds. 
 
 Tanned leather, 1000 hund. wt, 
 
 Deer Aiinsin *) 
 
 II f '^o.ooo 
 
 all ways, j ^ ' 
 
 Befides a confiderablc quantity of 
 wheat, rice, bifcuit, potatoes, bees- 
 wax, tallow-candles, bacon, hogs. 
 lard, Cotton, and a vaft deal of 
 fquared timber of walnut, and 
 cedar, with hoops and lumber of 
 all forts. They raifed fine indigo, 
 which was exported from South. 
 Carolina. They raife much more 
 tobacco than is iet down ; but as 
 it is produced on the frontiers of 
 Virginia, fo from thence it is ex- 
 ported. '1 hey export alfo a con- 
 liderable quantity of beaver, ra- 
 coon, fox, minx, and wild cats- 
 Ikins, and in every (hip a good deal 
 of live cattle, befides what they 
 vend in Virginia. What cotton 
 and filk the Carolinas fent Kr,g. 
 land was excellent. In 1756, it is 
 faid that 500,000 lb. of indigo 
 were railed there, though it was 
 fcarce expected. The greateft 
 quantity of pitch and tar is made 
 in North Caruhna. Lat. 31, 451 
 long. 80, 6. 
 
 Charles River, New-Eng- 
 land, rifes in 5 or 6 foiirces on 
 the S. E. fide of Hopk-ngton and 
 Hollinfion Rit'ge, a!i runnings. 
 The chief ftream run^ N. E. then 
 N. round this . . Igc, and N. 2. 
 into Natick townlhi;/, from thence 
 N. E. till it meets vvioUier Brook 
 in Deadham. The oi her '>ranch, 
 called Mother Brook,, has three 
 
 »77Si 
 
H A 
 
 Great Britain aiid 
 :s, is the fame in 
 h that of the reft 
 >nics, and was very 
 ir trade with the 
 ry flourilhing con- 
 all parts of North 
 i in 1753. 
 51,528 barrels. 
 14,055 ditto. 
 10,429 ditto. 
 6z,33o No. 
 oo,oto ditto. 
 00,647 feet. 
 61,580 bulhcis, 
 io,coo ditto. 
 
 ICO hds. 
 •, 1000 hund. wt, 
 
 >■ 30,000 
 
 erable quantity ot 
 uit, potatoes, bees- 
 idles, baton, liogs- 
 jnd a vaft deal of 
 
 of walnut, and 
 ops and lumber of 
 
 raifed fine indigo, 
 >rted from South, 
 y raife much more 
 
 iet down ; but as 
 )n the frontiers of 
 >m thence it is ex* 
 
 export alfu a coii' 
 ity of beaver, ra. 
 IX, and wild cats- 
 ery (hip a good deal 
 befides whut they 
 lia. What cotton 
 irolinas fent Erg. 
 ent. In 1756, it is 
 000 lb. of indigo 
 :re, though it was 
 i. The greateft 
 rh and tar is made 
 ina. Lat. 32, 45. 
 
 IV ER, Ncw-Eng- 
 5 or 6 fouices on 
 if Hopkitigton and 
 ge, a!i runnings, 
 m r'ijis N. E. then 
 .1 igc, and N. 2. 
 nlh;/, from thence 
 :ets ?\iii'.her Brooii 
 The oi her branch, 
 Brook, has three 
 
 C H A 
 
 fources, two on each fide of 
 Moofhill, Naponfet, and Malha- 
 poog, which runs N. E. a third 
 fprings from the high elevated 
 track S. of the Blue-Hills ; thefe 
 all join at Dcadham, and form 
 Charles River ; from thence it 
 runs W. over falls at S, W. end 
 of Brooklin- Hills, titl it comes 
 near Framingham Poud ; it then 
 runs N. W. to Cambridge, where 
 winding round in a S. W. courfe, 
 it falls into Boflon Harbour. 
 
 Charles -Town, in the 
 county of Middlefex, in the pro- 
 vince of Maflachufets-Bay, in 
 New England, fituated at the an- 
 gular point formed by the two 
 entrances of Charles and Mil>ic 
 rivers, a neat, populous, well built 
 trading town ; but wag deflroycd 
 by the Englifli troops, June 17, 
 1775, at the battle of Bunker's- 
 Hill, which was clofe to it, to 
 preveot the Provincials annoyin? 
 them from the houfes. It took 
 up all the fpacc between Miftic- 
 river and Charles-river, which 
 laft fcparated it from Boflon, as 
 the Thames does London from 
 Souihwark, and is as dependent 
 upon, and in fomefenfeapartofit, 
 as the latter is of the metropolis 
 of Great Britain. It had a ferry 
 over the river ; fo that there was 
 hardly any need of a bridge, ex- 
 cept in winter, when the ice would 
 neither bear not admit of a boat. 
 The proprietors out of the profits 
 were obliged by law to pay 150I, 
 fterling, to Havard College, in 
 the neighbouring town of Cam- 
 bridge. Though the river is 
 much broader above the town, it 
 is not wider at the ferry than the 
 Thames between London and 
 Souihwark. It was nearly half as 
 large as Fofton, and capable of 
 being made as ftrong, (landing as 
 that did upon a peninfnia. It was 
 both a market and county town, 
 had a good large church, a market 
 place in ahandfomc fquare by the 
 rirer fide, fupplied with all ne- 
 eefiary provifions both of flefh 
 »ud filh, and two long ftrceti 
 
 C H A 
 
 leading down to it. The river h 
 navigable, only for fmall craft, 
 and runs feveral miles up the 
 country. Lat. 42, 26. long. 71, 
 
 5- 
 
 Cha»les-Town, the only- 
 town on the ifland of Nevis, one of 
 the Caribbces, in the W. Indies* 
 In it are large houfes and well 
 furnifhed fliops, and is defended 
 by Charles -fort. Here their mar- 
 ket is kept every Sunday from fun- 
 rife till nine o'clock in the fore- 
 noon, when the negroes bring to 
 it Indian corn, yams, garden- 
 ftuifsof all forts, &c. Iron-wood 
 and lignum vitae are purchafed by 
 the planters of this ifland, as 
 well as thn'c of Si. Chriflopher, 
 from the iflands of Defcada, St. 
 Bartholomew, Santa Cruz, in or- 
 der to ferve as pofls for their 
 fugar-hotifts, mills, &c In the 
 parilh of St. John, on the S. fide 
 of Charles-town, is a large fpot of 
 fulphureous ground, at the upper, 
 end of a deep chafm in the earth, 
 commonly called Sulphur - gut, 
 which is fo hot as to be felt 
 through the foles of one's fboes. 
 At the foot of the declivity, on 
 the fame fide of this town, is a 
 fmdil hot river, called the Bath,. 
 fuppofed to proceed from the faid 
 gut, which is not above three 
 quarters of a mile higher up in 
 the country. Its courfe is at leaft 
 fo.' half a mile, and afterward* 
 lofes itfclf in the fands of the 
 fea. At a particular part of it, 
 towards the fea-fide, a perfon, 
 may fet one foot in a fpring that 
 is extremely cold, and the other 
 at the fame time in another that 
 is as hot. The water of Black- 
 rock pond, about a quarter of » 
 mile N. from Charles-town, is 
 milk-warm, owing to the mixture 
 of thofe hot and cold fprings i 
 yet it yields excellent fifh ; parti- 
 cularly fine eels, filver-fifh, which 
 has a bright deep body eight 
 inches long, and tafl^es like a 
 whiting : alfo Him-guts, as hav- 
 ing a head too large for the fize 
 of its body, which is froai ten to 
 £2 
 

 ! 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 C H A 
 
 twenty two inches long, and In 
 tifle and colour like a gudgeon. 
 . A prodijijioHS piece of Nevi»- 
 monnrain falling down in a late 
 earthtjiiakc left a large vacuity, 
 which is dill to be fcen. The 
 a'titude of this mountain, taken 
 by a qundranl from Chailes-town 
 T>nv, IS fuid to he a mile and a 
 half prrprndicular, and from the 
 faid bay to the top four miles. 
 The declivity from this mduntain 
 to the town is very ftcep half-way, 
 but afterwards ea(y enough. The 
 hill, here called Saddle-hill, as 
 appcaiina; at the top like a faddte, 
 3« higher than Skiddaw-hill in 
 Cumberland, in the Nor.h of 
 England. Sec Nevis. Latitude 
 >5, 5. long, 61, 55. 
 
 Chari.kton - Island, or 
 Charles-Isiand, is fituated 
 on the eaftern-lhoic of Labrador, 
 in that part of North America 
 called New South \V.ilf8. Its foil 
 cotifjfts of a while, dry fand, 
 Covered over with a while mofs; 
 abounding with juniper, and 
 fpruce - tree*, though not very 
 large. This ifle yields a beautiful 
 proCpefl in fpring to thofe that are 
 near it, after a voyage of three or 
 -four months in the moft unconi' 
 -fortable Teas on the globe, and 
 that by reafon of the vaft moun- 
 tain of ice in Hudfon'»-bay and 
 Arcights. They arc rocks petri- 
 fied by the intenfenefs of the con- 
 tinual froft ; fo that (hould a Ihip 
 happen to ftrike againft thefe, it 
 is as inevitably dalhed to pieces 
 as if it ran full upon a real rock. 
 The whole illand, fpread with 
 trees and branches, exhibits, as 
 it were, a beautiful green turf. 
 The air even at the bottom of the 
 bay, though in ci degrees, a la- 
 titude nearer the uni than London, 
 is excefTively cold for 9 months, 
 and the other three very hot, ex- 
 cept on the blowing of a N. W. 
 wind. The foil on the E. lide, as 
 Vfeli as the vV. bears ail kind of 
 ^(^rain : and fome fruits, fuch as 
 goofe-berries, flraw-berrics, and 
 (low - berries, grow about Ru- 
 
 CHE 
 
 fiet-t's - river. Latitude 5*, 361 
 ong. 8i<*. 
 
 Charlotte Town , a town 
 on the S. W. fide of the iflaiid of 
 Dominica, on the South of a 
 deep bay. 
 
 Charlottk-To w>f, in St. 
 John's Ifland in the Gulf of St. 
 Lnurence. 
 
 Chaklotte-Buro, a town 
 in the county of Brunfivick, in 
 North Carolina. 
 
 Chatham county is in the 
 diflriftof Hilin>orough, in Noith 
 CaDJina. 
 
 Chatham, a town in Barn- 
 ft.iple county, Plymouth coloiiy, 
 New England, is fituated at the 
 S E. extremity of the peninful* 
 at C;!pc Malebar or Sandy Poinr, 
 four miles E. of F.aflham, at the 
 point of the elbow formed by the 
 pcninfula. 
 
 CheasApeak, a large hay, 
 along which both the provinccf «f 
 Virgii:ia and TVlaiyland aic fituat- 
 ed. It begins af Cii'c Hcrry 
 and Cape Charles on (he S. and 
 runs up i?o miles to the North. 
 It is 18 miles broad at the mouth, 
 and almod feven or eight miles 
 over to the bottom of it. Into it 
 fall feveral large navigable riven 
 froni the wcflern (here, and a few 
 fmalier flreams from the penin- 
 fula which divides the bay ram 
 the ocean. 
 
 Chelsea, a fmall maritittie 
 town in Middlcfcx county, Maf- 
 fachufcts-Bjy, fitua'ed on the N. 
 fide of Boflon Harbour, and 
 aboui miles from Boflon by 
 water, near Nahant-bay. 
 
 Chepoo R, a fmill J^panidi 
 town on the Hihmus of^aiicn, 
 and Terra Firma, in South Ame- 
 rica ; fituated on a river of the 
 fame name, within fix leagues of 
 the fea, in going from which tl is 
 town ftands on the left hand. 
 The country about it is cliampain, 
 with feveral fmall hills clo^thed 
 with woods ; but the lar^cfl part 
 is fdvannas. 7he moi'th of the 
 river Chepo is rppofite to the 
 ifland of Chcpelio. It rifcs out 
 
t.atitutle 5», 3e, 
 
 CHE 
 
 of the mountain! near the North 
 fide of the iflhnius; and, being 
 pent up on the S. fiJc by the 
 muunt^iiis, bends its courfc to 
 the wcllward between bitli; till 
 fiaJing a pallage to the S. W. it 
 m.ikcs a kind of half-circle; and, 
 its llrcitn being fweiled confidcra- 
 b'y, runs with a rapid motion in 
 
 c H r 
 
 Chistik, a town on the 5?. 
 bank of James river, in Cum-» 
 berland, county Virginia, « miles 
 S. of Richmond, jj mile* N. of 
 Blandford, and 65 miles W. of 
 Vork. 
 
 Chi A MET Ay, a province in 
 the audience of Gujdalaxara, or 
 kingdom of New Galicia, in Nevr 
 
 n ."V,^"*" '"8«« to the Spain, fi'.uaied under the Tropjck 
 
 wcrtward of Panama." This river 
 is very defp, and about a quarter 
 of a mile broad; but it* mouth is 
 choaked up with fand ; fo that 
 (hips of l>nrthcn cmiioi enter, 
 though barks may. On the s! 
 fide of this river is a woodland 
 
 of Cancer ; one half in the Tem- 
 perate and the other in the Torrid 
 Zone, lying along the South-Sea 
 on the W. bounded by Zacatccas 
 on the N. E. by Culiacan on the 
 N. W. and by Xulirco and Guada- 
 laxara on the S. and S. E. It is 
 
 for many leagues together. Lat. about 37 leagues cither way from 
 
 10, 42. long. 77, JO. 
 
 Che»aws diftria, in South 
 Carolina, is bounded by a line 
 from Lynch's Creek, the provin- 
 cial boundary, and the line divid- 
 ing >t. Mark's and prince Frede- 
 rick's parillies, and h continued 
 till it inteifeas the North provin- 
 
 N. to S. or from E. to W." Is a 
 fiuitful foil, yielding great quan- 
 tities of wax and honey, befides 
 filvcr-mines. The river of Sr, 
 Jago, which, according to our 
 maps, comes from the lake of 
 Guadalaxara, empties itfelf here 
 into the Tea It is one of the 
 
 ml hue. In ,t ,s Frederick/burgh principal rivers on this coaft, bcinff 
 
 'T'^'P- „ i^alf a miic broad at the .^oulhf 
 
 CHKRafCEES, River or, a but much broader farther op 
 
 nvcrot Florida taking its name wheie three or four rivers meet 
 
 trom a powerful nation, among togeiher. At ebb the water is 10 
 
 whom tt has .ts principal fources. feet deep on tiie bar. The chief 
 
 It comes from the S. E and its town in this province is St Se- 
 
 heads are in the mountains which baltian. 
 
 ftparate this country from Caro- Chiaka, an inland province 
 
 l.na, and is the great road of the in New Spain, or Old Mexico, ia 
 
 traders from t hence to the Midiilppi the audience of Guatimala. It is 
 
 and intermediate places. Forty bounded by Tabafco on the N. 
 
 leagues above the Chicazas, this by Yucatan on the N. E bv So- 
 
 river fornris the four following conufco on the S. and by Ver* 
 
 iflands, which arc very beautiful. Pa. on the E. It is 85 leagues 
 
 chaT^'nJx *;«''''• I'^'^'h ^°- ''•"" E- '"^ ^- -<» «bout^ 3" 
 cliali, and Taly. with a different where narrowelt, but then fome 
 
 naUoninhHbi.mgeach. parts are near ,00. It abounds 
 
 .,ft J?"?/' ^ *^°""^y '" ''le w"h great woods of pine, cvprefs 
 eaftern divifion of Marvland. cedar,' oak, walnut.^ wooiS: 
 
 ^HESTER, a fmalJ town in rofin-trees, aromatic gums bal- 
 
 ntheMM'^S''"?^'^.*'"'^*""!'' *"^'^»"' ^°P»>» ^"d "'l'e«. that 
 n the North fide of a -iver of the yield pure and fovereign baifams x 
 fame name, 6 miles S. of Geor»e alfo Li»h r«,„ .-° , _ .. . - 
 
 lown. '°' ""■' "■■■' i"-"^> c.ppir%, 
 
 CHPCTv.tr* . <l'i"«s, cocoa, cotton, and wili 
 
 WeO rkJ.f ' ^^'''^» * »own in cochineal, with ail kitchen herbs 
 imi^ Kr"u^"";y'^'^^-Y^''^» «"d '''J^'ls? which, being once 
 
 •*w »3 N. h, from New-Xork, ih*y have achiotic, wluch the na- 
 
 £1 
 
I 
 
 • CHI 
 
 I'lvfi mix with their chrcolife to 
 ,'pivc it a brij^ht colour ; likewife 
 culewurts, or c^bhagc-irecs, fo 
 large that birds build in ihem ; 
 and yet ihtyarc fwcct and render. 
 Here aie mod fr.rts of wild 9ikI 
 lame fowls, and very v.*. iniiful 
 parrots; alfo a birri rilKdfo.r, 
 jmailcr than a pigeon, witii gtecn 
 feathers, which th(> Indians take 
 for its fine tail, but letii go again 
 after they pulled it» feathers out, 
 it being held a capi'al crime by 
 their law to kill ir. It abounds 
 with cattle oi' all forts, Iherp, 
 coats, and fwine from Spain, 
 faving mcliiplicd liere furprifing- 
 ly ; cfpccially a breed of fine 
 tiorfes, fo valuable, that they 
 fend their colts to Mexico, though 
 «oo miles off". Bcaf^s of prey, as 
 lions, leopards, ly^^crs, &c. are 
 here in abundance, wiih foxes, 
 rabbits, and wild hogs. In this 
 province alfo is plenty of fnakcs, 
 particularly in the hiljy parrs, fomc 
 of which are 20 feet long, others 
 are of a curious red colour, and 
 ftreaked with white and bUck, 
 vhich the natives wear dbou' their 
 necks.. Here are two principal 
 towns called Chiapa : which fee. 
 The Chiapcfc arc of a fair com- 
 plexion, courteous, great maiters 
 cf mufic, painting, and me- 
 chanics, and obedient to their 
 fupcriors. Its principal river is 
 that of Tabafco, which running 
 from the N, crofs the country of 
 the Quelenes, at lafts falls into 
 the Tea at Tabafco. It is, in (hort, 
 well watered •, and, by means of 
 the aforefaid river they carry on 
 a pretty briflt trade with the 
 neighbouring provinces, efpccially 
 in cochineal, and filk ; in which 
 laft commodity the Indians em- 
 ploy their wives for making 
 handkerchiefs of all. colours, 
 ■which are bought by the Spaniards 
 and fent home. Though the 
 Spaniards reckon this ore of the 
 potieft countries belonqine to 
 them in America, as having no 
 mines or fand of god, nor any 
 harbour on the SouihSca, yet is 
 
 C II I 
 
 lirj^er ihjn moft provinces, ind 
 inferior to none but Guatimala. 
 Befidcs, it it a place of freat 
 importance to the Spaniards, be- 
 caufc the Itrcngth of all their 
 empire in America depends cm it; 
 ji .1 into it is an eafy entrance hy 
 ihe rivcr 1 abafco, Puerto Real, 
 and its vicinity to Yucatan. 
 
 Chiapa, the name of two 
 towns in the above province of 
 the fame name; the one is fome- 
 times called Cividad Real, or the 
 Rova!-c"(;j If. ' »he other Chiapa 
 dc ti'S Indos, inhabited by Spa- 
 niards. Cividad Real lies ico 
 leagues N.W. from Guatimala, ij 
 a hilhop's fee, and the feat of the 
 judicial courts. It is a very de- 
 lightful place, fituated on a plain, 
 and furrounded with mountains, 
 and almoA in the middle betwixt 
 the North and South-Seas. The 
 bilhop'i revenue is 8oco ducats 
 a year, and the cathedral is a beau- 
 tiful flru^urc. Here ar« iome 
 monafterics ; but the place is nei- 
 ther populous nor rich. Its chief 
 trade is in cocoa, cotton, wool, 
 fugarjCochi-nealjand pedlarifmall- 
 warcs. The friars are the prin- 
 cipal merchants here for Euro- 
 pean goods, and the richeft men 
 both in thetown and country. The 
 Spaniih gentry in this place are 
 become a proverb, on account of 
 their fantaftical pride, ignorance, 
 and poverty ; for they all claim 
 defcent from Spanifli dukes, who 
 were the firft conquerors, as they 
 pretend, of this country. Lati- 
 tude 17. long. 96, 40, 
 
 Ckiapa, the other town in the 
 above province of the fame name, 
 is difling'.iiflied from that called 
 Cividad Real, by the appellation 
 of Chiapa de los Indos, that is, 
 as belonging to the Indians, who 
 are about 20,000. It is the largell 
 they have in this country, lies in 
 a valley on the river Tabafco, 
 which abounds with fifh, and is 
 about 12 leagues diftant from the 
 former, to the N. W. Bartho- 
 lomew de las Cafas, bifhop cf 
 Chiapa, having complaiaed to the 
 
C H R 
 
 «oiirt of Miidrid of the cruelties 
 of the fipaniards here, procured 
 the people great privilege*, and 
 ■Ofxemptlon from flaverv. Thi» 
 U a very large and rich place, 
 with nuiny cloifteri and churchci 
 In it : and no town has (o many 
 Don* of Indian bloo<l as this 
 Chiapa. On the river thoy hive 
 ftveral boats, in which tlicy often 
 »rt fea-fights and (leges. In the 
 town arc frequent bull-baitings, 
 horrc-raccs, Spanifh dances, mu- 
 fick, and plays. And when they 
 have a mi ' (or a feafl, they thinx 
 nothing too mnch to fpcnd on 
 the Ii iars, &c. In the neighhonr- 
 liood arc fcvcral farms well lock- 
 ed wi:h Cittle, and fome fiigar- 
 plantations. The days here arc 
 fo hot, that both the friars and 
 Jiulians wear towels about their 
 necks, in order to wipe off the 
 continual fwcat ; but the evenings 
 are cool, and fpent in walks and 
 gardens near the river-lije. Wheit 
 is brought here from the Spanifh 
 Chiapa, and of it they make 
 hird bifc.iit. Thefe the poorer 
 fort of Spaniards and Indians car- 
 ry ab(.ut, in order to exchange 
 them for cotton, wool, &c. 
 
 Chilmark, a town in Mar- 
 tha's Vineyard, Plymouth colony, 
 New England, whofc chief inha- 
 bitants arc fiflicrmen. It is fi- 
 tuated at the S. W. part of the 
 ifland, on a fmall creek, and a- 
 boiit 8 miles W. of Tifbury. 
 
 Ch c , fevcral mines of filver 
 in Mexico, 
 
 Chowen connty, in the dif- 
 triaof Edenton, in N. Carolina 
 in a fwampy foil, being furroun- 
 ed by water, viz. E. by Pequi- 
 man's river, S. by Albemarle- 
 Sound, W. by Chowen river; and 
 in it ftands the towns of Hert- 
 ford and Edenton. 
 _ Christi ANSTED, thc prin- 
 cipal town in the Ifland of Santa 
 Cruz. It is fituated on the N. 
 fiflc of the ifland. in a fine har- 
 bour. It is the refidence of the 
 Dinilb Governor, and is defend- 
 «l by a ftony fortrcfs. 
 
 CUR 
 
 St. Chri stopher'i or Sr. 
 Ki rr's, an illand in thc Wefl- 
 Indics, thc principal of the Carib- 
 bec», which gave binti to all the 
 Englifli and French colonies there. 
 I' is 15 leagues W. from Antigua. 
 The French and Englilh arrived 
 hf-rc thc fame day, in 1615 ; they 
 divi'kd the ifland between them, 
 agreeing, however, that hunting, 
 fihing, the mines and forcfts, 
 fhould be In common. Three 
 years after their fettling the Spa- 
 niards drove them away ; they 
 foon returned, and contmued to 
 live in good harmony till 1666, 
 «hcn war being commenced be- 
 tween England and France, St, 
 Chrifloplicr's becimc, at different 
 periods, thc fccnc of war and 
 bloodllted for half a century. la 
 1702 the French w- re entirely ex- 
 pelled, and the peace of Utrecht 
 confirmed this ifland to thc Eng- 
 liib. This irtnnd is about 14 
 leagues in circuit, the length b'-- 
 ing about 5, and the breadth one 
 league and a half, except towards 
 the S. where it is narrowed into 
 an idhnius, which joins it to a 
 head-land, about i league long, 
 and half a league broad. It con- 
 tains in the whole abont 68 fquare 
 miles. The center of the ifland 
 is taken u^ by a great number of 
 high and barren mountains, in- 
 terfered by rorky precipices al- 
 moft impaftdble, in many places 
 of which ifTue hot fprings. Mount 
 Mifery, which feems to be a de- 
 cayed volcano, whofc lead is in 
 the clouds, is the high, ft of all 
 thefe mountains, its perpendicu- 
 lar height being 3711 feet; at a 
 liitic diflance it bears the refem- 
 blance of a man canying another 
 on hi-s back. The alTemblage of 
 thefe mountains makes St. Chrif- 
 topher's appear, to thofe who ap- 
 proach by fea, like one huge 
 mountain, covered with wood, 
 but they find, as they come nearer, 
 
 fhaf tht' /»*-^-.A /*»».../. ..-./!..- _- .._li 
 ...tt, ^i-^r 3 Lajsc: , aa VVCU 
 
 as t) e aflcnt of the mountains, 
 whicii rifing one above another, 
 arc cultivated as high as i'olfible. 
 

 
 < 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 p 
 
 C H R 
 
 The climate ii hot, thoi'gh, from 
 the height of the conn ry, much 
 left ihan miwht he exp<<le<I, the 
 air pure and liealthy, but un- 
 luckily (uhjc^ to tre^iient Oormi 
 and iuirricanc*, ai well as earth- 
 quakes. In Aug. 30, I77X, tiuy 
 expiritnced a mofl dnadful ft«/rn», 
 which did immenfe damage in 
 that and (he adjoining ifl-inds. 
 
 The foil in general it light <ind 
 fandy, but very fruitful, and well 
 watered by feveral rivulets which 
 run down ooih fides of the moun- 
 tains ; it produces plenty of ma- 
 nioc, a quantity of eatable roots, 
 vegetables, fruits, &c. as well a* 
 excellent timlicr. The whole 
 ifland is covered with pldniation5, 
 well managed, whofc owners, not- 
 ed for the f^finefs of their man- 
 ners, live in aj^recablc, c!enn, and 
 convenient habitations, wiiich arc 
 in pcneisl built with cedar, and 
 their lands hedged with orange 
 and Umon irec^. The whole of 
 their pl.intations take up 44,000 
 acres ; and it is -a/luted th..t only 
 24, ceo arc (it fjr canes, but the 
 fught is excellent. 
 
 They have two conHderable 
 towi.s in the ifland, the principal 
 of which is Baflctcrre, fonrcrly 
 the capital of the French part. 
 The other is called Sandy Point, 
 and always belonged (o the £ng- 
 lifl). There is no harbcur, nor 
 any thing that has the appearance 
 of any ; on the contrary, the furf 
 is continually beating on the Can- 
 dy (here at the few places fit to 
 land at ; which not only prevents 
 the building of any key or wharf, 
 but renders the landing or fliip- 
 ping goods inconvenient, and fre- 
 quently dangerous ; they have 
 been obliged to adopt a particu- 
 lar method to embark or put the 
 heavy goods, fuch as hogflicads of 
 fugar and rum, on board ; for 
 which purpofe they ufe a fmall 
 boat, ol a particular conHruftion, 
 
 ^r.ttx\i « tijvj*-3 1 vttis t/vai f.i3 \ iz. 
 
 from the (hip with fome active 
 and expert rowers ; when they fee 
 what they call a lull, that is, aa 
 
 C H U 
 
 •bsfement in the violence of the 
 furgr, ihey pulh to land, and Uy 
 the fice^ of the mofts on the 
 Hrand, and the hogfhead is rolled 
 into it ; and the fame precautions 
 arc ufrd in conveying it to the 
 Ihip. In this inconvenient and 
 very hazardous manner fugar* are 
 conveyed on board bylingle hogf- 
 hcads ; rum, and other goods that 
 will hear the water, are generally 
 flo.ited ta the (hip, both in carry- 
 ing to and bringing from the fliip. 
 Calculators ditfer very much in 
 their accounts of the population of 
 this ifland; fome make the whole 
 number of its inhabitants only 
 amount to 70CO whites, and 
 7.o,cco blacks; others make them 
 10,000 whiter, and 30,000 blacks; 
 however, it is certain that this is 
 one of the iflands belonging to 
 the Englifh, where there is the 
 leaft difproportion between the 
 maflcrs and fluvcs. rni77othecx- 
 poitations of ttiis ifland amounted 
 to above 419. cool, fterling in fu- 
 gar, molaflt:s, and rum, and near 
 Sccoi. for coiton. 
 
 The public aifairs are admini- 
 ftered by a governor, a council^ 
 and an uflembly chofcn from the 
 nine parifhes into which the 
 ifland is divided, and have each 
 a large and handfome church. It 
 has received immenfe damage by 
 feveral florms. 
 
 Chu RCHi LL-Riv ER, a largc 
 Hream in New South Wales, one 
 of the northern countries in A- 
 merica ; at the mouth of which 
 the Hudfon's-bay company have 
 a fort and feitlement* It lies in 
 about lat. 59, and long. 95. The 
 trade here is increadng, being at 
 too great a diftance from the 
 French for them to interfere with 
 it. Id the year 1742 it amounted 
 to 20,oco beaver (kins, when a- 
 bout 100 upland Indians came hi- 
 ther in their canoes to trade ; 
 and about 200 northern Indians 
 ufOugiii ijiclf furs utiu liiinS UpOii 
 fledges. Some of them came down 
 the river of Seals, 15 league* 
 fouthward of Churchill^ in m'lt 
 
1.1 V ER, a large 
 
 jiid fkiiis i.'poii 
 
 C I N 
 
 fanocj, and brought their fart 
 ftom thence by land- To the 
 northward of Churchill are no 
 heivers, no fuch pondi or wools 
 being there as thofe animals chnfe 
 to live in, or feed upon : but they 
 have great numbers of marrens, 
 foxes, bears, rein-deer, bu/Taloes, 
 and other hearts cloathed with 
 rich furs. The country is moflly 
 rocky, and covered with white 
 mofs, wpon which the rein-deer, 
 or cariboux, feed ; as alfo the 
 moofe, bufTalocs, and fome deer. 
 Here U a great deal of fmall 
 wood of the fpruce, or fir kind, 
 neir the old faftory. But the 
 wood improves as it is farther up 
 llie river from the bay, where 
 they have juniper, birch, and pop- 
 lar. And more foutherly the 
 timber is hrge, and they have 
 tiiere a great variety of trees. 
 They labour under great incon- 
 veniencies at the company's new 
 fort, which ftandin;' on a rick 
 without fhclter, clofeby the ihore, 
 and furrounded with fnow an I 
 ice for eight months of the year, 
 li expofed to all the winds and 
 ftorms that blow. Here is no 
 conveniency for grafs, hay, or 
 gardening j and yet they had four 
 or five horfes, and a bull, with 
 two cows, near the faftory, for 
 feeding of which they were o- 
 bliged, in winter, to bring their 
 hav from a marfhy bottom, fome 
 rtiiies up the river. It is faid that 
 there is a communication between 
 the rivers of Churchill and Ncl- 
 fon, at a great diftance within 
 land ; or a very fliort land-car- 
 riage between them. For the In- 
 dians who trade here, tell the 
 Englifh, what chiefs, wi-.h their 
 followers, go down to Nelfon, or 
 Albany rivers. 
 
 CiNALOA, a province in the 
 audience of Guadahxara, in Old 
 Mexico, or New Spain ; it is the 
 mod northern in the audience, 
 f^"J,[5'''-*tches out the fartheft to 
 I'C \V. it has tjie guiph "f Ca- 
 lifornia on the W. the province of 
 Culiacan on the S. and the king- 
 
 C T. A 
 
 dom of New Mexico on the N» 
 and E. From the S. E. to the 
 N. E. it ii about loo leagues { 
 and not above 40 where broideft. 
 On the E. fide It is bounded by 
 
 ' !,!"*?* ?^ '"'R'^ '^'■'ggy mountains, 
 called Tepecfuan, 30 or 40 leagues 
 fiom the fea; from which n n 
 feveral fmall rivers, whofe banks 
 are inhabited by the native* for 
 the fake of fifhing. Tbe air it 
 ferene and healthy ; and, befidcg 
 paftiires, abounds with cattle of ill 
 kind ; the foil bears all forts of 
 fruit and grain, particularly In- 
 dian wheat, as alio cotton, with 
 the manufdfture of which the na- 
 tives cioath themfelvcs after the 
 Mexican fafhion, both fexcs wear- 
 ing very long hair. They arc a 
 tall, lufty, and warlike people, 
 formerly ufing bows and poifoncd 
 arrows, with clubs of hard wood, 
 an I buckles of a red wood. The 
 Spaniards found a great deal of 
 difficulty in fubduing them. 
 
 CiviDAD Real, or Roy AL 
 City, in the province of Chiapa, 
 and audience of Guatlmala, In 
 New Spain, or Old Mexico, 10 
 leagues N. W. from the town of 
 Guitimala. It is a bifhoprick, 
 and feat of the courts of juftice. 
 It lies in a plain, between the 
 North and South feas; inhabited 
 by Spaniards, and a few Indians. 
 See Ch'tapa. 
 
 Clarendon, a county of 
 Carolina, to the N. of Santee- 
 river. In this county is the fa^ 
 mous Cape Fear, at the mouth of 
 the faid river. A colony from 
 Barbadoes f )rmerly fettled here-. 
 abouts. Sec Carolina. The In- 
 dians in this neighbourhood are 
 reckoned the moft barbarous in 
 all the province. In this county 
 is VVatcrey- river, or Winyann, 
 about 25 leagues from Alhlcy. 
 river, being capacious enough to 
 receive hrjje vefFels ; but inferior 
 to I'ort-Royal; nor is it much in- 
 habited. Between this and Cla- 
 rendon-river is ano her f:nall one, 
 called Wingen river, and a little 
 fctclemenc which has cbc name o£ 
 
COL 
 
 CharJes-towD, and is but thinly 
 inhabited. In the maps we find 
 a town here-, called Brunfwick- 
 town, on the fea-coaft, in lat. 
 
 34> 3- 
 
 Co BAN. See Vtra Paz, 
 
 CoBHAM, a town on the S. 
 bank of James -rivtr, Virginia, 
 oppoHte James- town, ao miles 
 N.W. of Suffolk. 
 
 CoBHAM-fs LE, mentioned by 
 Captain MiJdlfton in the journal 
 of his /oyagc for finding a N. E, 
 pallage. Its two extiemiiies bear 
 N. by E. and E. by N. lying in 
 lat. 63. an.1 long, from Churchill, 
 3, 40. which he takes to be the 
 fame which Fox railed Brook 
 Cobham. 
 
 CoHANzy, a river of Weft 
 Jcrfey, iind, though fmall, is ytt 
 deep, and navigable for fmali 
 craft. On it is a town of the 
 fame name. 10 or 12 miles up the 
 river, containing about 80 fami- 
 lies, who follow the filhery. 
 
 Colchester, a town in 
 Fail fax county, Vin;inia, on the 
 N. fide of Occoqiiau - river, a 
 branch of Potowmack river, 16 
 miles S. of Bclhaven, and 12 
 Nr E. cf Dumfries. 
 
 Co LIMA, a large and rich 
 town of Mtchoacan, and New- 
 Spain, fituated on the South-Sea, 
 near the borders of Xalifco, and 
 in the moft plcafant and fruitful 
 valley in ali Mexico, pmducing 
 cocoa, caflja, and other things of 
 value, befides feme gold. Dam- 
 pitr takes notice of a volcano near 
 It, with two (harp peaks, from 
 which fmoke and flame iffue con- 
 tinually. In the neighbourhood 
 grows the famous plant oleacazan, 
 which is reckoned a catholicon for 
 reftoring decayed ftrengih, and 
 a fpecific againft all forts of poi- 
 fon. The natives apply the leaves 
 to the part affefted, and judge of 
 the fucccfs of the operation by 
 their fticking or falling off. 
 
 Colleton, a county of Ca- 
 rolina, It is fHuated to the N. 
 cf Granville rnnnrv nn/l wi't-vf-A 
 
 by the river Stonojwhich is joined 
 
 COM 
 
 by a cut to Wadmoolaw river 
 The N. E. part is full of Indian 
 fettlements ; and the Stono and 
 other rivers form an ifland, called 
 Boone's illand, a Utile below 
 Charlts-town, which is well plant- 
 ed and inhabited. The chief ri- 
 vers in this County are North 
 Ediftow and South Ediftow. Fcr 
 two or three miles up the la(ter, 
 the plantations are thick on both 
 fides, and they cominuc for three 
 or four miles higher on the N. 
 fide ; and there the river branch- 
 ing out mtcts with North-Ediliow 
 river. 1 his county is reckoned 
 to have aco freeholders who vote 
 for adcmbly-men, and And tAO 
 members. 
 
 CoLLERADo, a river in the 
 nioft northern part of California, 
 —See California, 
 
 Com MANGES, one of the fmall 
 Virgin Ifles, fituated to the N.N.E. 
 of Tortula. Longitude 63. la- 
 titude 18, 25. 
 
 Com posTE LLA, the mod 
 confiderable city^ though not the 
 capital, of the province of Xa- 
 lilcho, and audience of Guada- 
 laxara, in New Spain. It is fi;u. 
 ated near the South Sea, about 
 30 miles N. of it. This is a rich 
 town, and has fevcral mines of 
 filver at St. Pecaque, in its neigh- 
 bourhood, where the Spaniards 
 keep many hundred flaves at work 
 in them. But the city is in a 
 bad fituation, the foil leing fo 
 barren, t.'iat there is no paHurt 
 for cattle, nor the ncceflary nia- 
 terials for building houfcs ; and 
 the air is fo hot and moift, that 
 it breeds feveral infers. The 
 Spaniards built Compoftella in 
 1 53 1, and made it a bifliop's fca; 
 but becaufe of its bad air, it «'S5 
 transferred to Guadal.ixara, The 
 Spaniards are not very numerous 
 throughout this whole audience, 
 except in the two cities of Gua- 
 dalaxara and Compoftella, The 
 Meftizo's, indeed, make a con- 
 fiderable figure both in regard of 
 
 
 UUi liiC •.JUir. 
 
 
 men, 
 
 of the people arc the natives, 
 
M 
 
 Imoolaw river 
 
 5 full of Indian 
 
 the Stono and 
 
 in ifland, called 
 
 I little below 
 
 h is well plant- 
 
 The chiel ri- 
 
 ity are North 
 
 Ediftow. For 
 
 up the lalter, 
 
 thick on both 
 
 iiinuc for three 
 
 htr on the N. 
 
 : river branch- 
 
 North-Edillow 
 
 ty is reckoned 
 
 Idcr* who vote 
 
 and find tAo 
 
 I river in the 
 t of Cai:forni3, 
 
 3neof the fmall 
 ItotheN.N.E. 
 igitude 63. I3. 
 
 LA, the moil 
 
 :hoagh net the 
 
 avince of Xa- 
 
 icc of Guada- 
 
 tin. It is fitu- 
 
 )th Sea, about 
 
 This is a rich 
 
 /eral mines of 
 
 e, in its ne'gh* 
 
 the Spaniarcis 
 
 1 flaves at work 
 
 e city is in a 
 
 foil leinp ib 
 
 is no paHurt 
 
 ncccflary nia- 
 
 g houfcs ; and 
 
 nd moift, that 
 
 iiife^s. The 
 
 ompoftella in 
 
 a bifliop's fca ; 
 
 bad air, it wss 
 
 [alaxara. The 
 
 very numtrcus 
 
 hole audience, 
 
 cities of Gua» 
 
 poftella. The 
 
 make a con- 
 
 h in regard of 
 
 
 
 the natives, 
 
 CON 
 
 who in general are well treated 
 here, as being braver and more 
 polite than any of their country- 
 men, and well affcded to the Spa- 
 niards, efpecially their priefls, tho' 
 far from being fuch Haves to 
 them as in other parts of New 
 Sp«m. Lat. 21,4. long. 107,0. 
 CoNA, an ifland near the coaft 
 of New Aadalufia, on the Terra 
 Firtna, in America, 
 
 CoNconn, a fmall town near 
 Eoftoii, in New England, in the 
 province of Ma/Tuchufets-Bay.and 
 county of Middiefex, near which 
 was the firrt attack of the King's 
 troops on April 10, 1775. ^' 's 
 Ijtiiited on the river Concord,over 
 which it has a bridge. 
 
 Connecticut River. 
 This river rifcs in lat. 45, 10, in 
 long. 71, 30, in a fwampy cove, 
 and at ten miles diftance, having 
 turnbled over four feparate falls, 
 proceeds to a fmall diftance from 
 St. Francis's Water.*, from it pro- 
 ceeds over fcveral falls to Rock- 
 ingham townfhip, where it pafles 
 with great rapidity between iwo 
 rocks not 30 feet afunder, and, 
 after forming an extenfivc bafjn, 
 continues the courfe nearly S. be- 
 tween the new fettlements, and 
 forms the bonndary-linc between 
 the provinces of MafTuchiifets-Bay 
 and New- York, over fcveral falls, 
 and cntcrinor the province of Con- 
 nerticiit, proceeds to Hertford 
 town, very near which the tide 
 flows, and where it meeting wi'.h 
 a level country, leaves its ftraight 
 coiirfc, and becomes more crook- 
 ed. Hence for 36 miles, running 
 by WeathersfiHd, Kenfington! 
 MiddLnon, Haddam, and Dur- 
 ham, on the W. GlafTenbury and 
 V\indham on the E. runs into 
 A'ong Illand Sound. 
 . Co^f^( ECTicuT, a province 
 111 New England, (comprehending 
 New Haven, though deemed a 
 county,) bounded on the W. by 
 New York and Hudfon's river 
 divided from Long Ifland by an 
 arm of the f..r» c^„tu _j . :/i.__ 
 
 ftaode Ifland, with part of Maf- 
 
 c o o 
 
 fachufets colony, on the E. and 
 the refidue of Maflkhufets on the 
 N. TheConne<fticutriver,which 
 Is one of thelargeft and beO in 
 New England, runs through the 
 heart of it, dividing itfcif into 
 diHerent parts, and is navigable 
 above 40 miles for fliips of bur- 
 then and many more for fmaller 
 vefTels The country on both 
 lides the river abounds wifh tim- 
 ber, and it is here that they pro- 
 duce fo great a quantity of tar and 
 turpentine as to require numbers 
 of hands to extraft it. The bufi- 
 nefs of the people here is, befidc 
 hlheries, t!)at of timber- felling 
 or cutting timber for knee-tim- 
 ber plank for fliip-building.deals. 
 baulks, and fpars for houfesj 
 nrians and yards for fliips. And 
 the new-England merchants lent 
 a prefent to Charles II. of feveral 
 malts fo large as to fcrve for firft- 
 rates. l^he great floats of this 
 timber brought down this river 
 have very much improved their 
 navigation. Several f>rts of me- 
 tals have been found here, as 
 le.id, iron, copper. The iron- 
 mines are ftill worked.and greatly 
 improved; but the attempts to 
 raile a (lock for working the lead 
 and conper have failed. The co- 
 lony IS populous and increafinfr, 
 containing about 152,000 people. 
 This colony is divided into the 
 counties of Windham, Hertford 
 Litchfield, New London, Newl 
 Haven, and Fairfield. Lat. 42 
 10. long. 72, 50. ' 
 
 CoNNESTiGucuNE, a fettlc- 
 ment a little to the N. of Al- 
 bany, in the county of that name 
 and to the Eaftward of Schenec- 
 tady or the Mohawk's river, which 
 a little lower tumblesdown a pre- 
 cipice of about 70 feet high Sec 
 
 .ilbany. 
 
 Cooper's Island, one of 
 fie IcHer Virgin Ifles in the Weft 
 Indies, fituated on the S. W. of 
 Ginger Ifland. It is about five 
 miles long, and one broad ; but 
 nci miiabitcd. Long. 62, 57. 
 
 f) 
 
 * WW 
 
 
 ^ §v 
 
 \ i 
 
 fe 
 
 w < 
 
 ,Spm 
 
 1 f_ 
 
 ■ wl 
 
!!!■ ! 
 
 COW 
 
 CuRCAs, or Grand Con- 
 CAs, an iflanj almoO in tlie form 
 of a crcfctnt, N. of St. Domingo, 
 in the Windward l*aflit»c, about 
 7 leagues W. of Turk s lfl;ind, 
 and about zo E. of Little Jnagua, 
 or Hcncagua. Long. 70, 55, 
 laf. 21 , 55. 
 
 Co R N vv A 1. 1., a tov\ n in Litch- 
 field county, Connecticut, near 
 tlie Stratford livcr, ii miles S. of 
 Salifhury, and 7 N. of Kent. 
 
 Costa Rica, a province of 
 Niw Spain. It fij;wincs the rich 
 coart, and is i'o called from its 
 rich mines of gold and filvcr, 
 thofe of Tinfigal being preferred 
 by tlic Spaniards to the mines of 
 Potofi ; but oll;trwife it is moun- 
 taii ous and barren. It is hounded 
 by Vtragui.s province on the S.E. 
 and tjiat of Nicaragua on thcN.E. 
 It readies from the North to the 
 South St7, about 90 leagues from 
 E.to W.and is 50 where broadift 
 from N. to S. It has much the 
 fame prcduflions as its neigh- 
 bouring provinces. The foil in 
 fonie parts is good, and it pro- 
 duces cocoa. On the North Sta 
 it has two large convenient bays, 
 ll'C mod wellerly called St. Jc- 
 rom's.and that nc.ii the I'nuniciscf 
 \cragua.s called C'iiiibaco; and on 
 tl e South .Sea it 1 as fcver.i! bays, 
 Capes, and convenient places lor 
 ai cherage. 
 
 Co u KT IAN 1), a manor in 
 the county of W e(l Cinder, and 
 pioviiice of New Yt)rk. Ji fends 
 a mcmbtr io the <^'eneral Aflem- 
 My —See ll'iji ChiJ'.cr. 
 
 CoURTiAND, a tovn in tlie 
 shove manor, on the E. bank of 
 the Hudfon livcr, on St. An- 
 fhon)'s Kofc, ^o miles off New 
 Yoik. 
 
 Co w ETTA, a town of Georgia, 
 to which Gcntrol Oglethorpe had 
 travelled, iiid is tut lefs than 
 5C0 niiles from Frederira. It be- 
 longs to tlic Creek Indians. And 
 Jieic the faid Gincn.1 conftrreil 
 not only uith the chiefs of all 
 the tribes ot this nation, but alfo 
 uith the deputies of the Cu^aws 
 
 C R E 
 
 and Chickefaws, who lie between 
 the Knglilh and French fettlc- 
 ments, and made a new treaty 
 with the natives of the LoAcr 
 Creeks more ample than the for- 
 mer ones. Lat. 30, 20. long. 90, 
 10. 
 
 Co ws-Isi.AND.— *?e5 Frtf/v. 
 
 C R A U S -I S I. E , or Bo K 1 QU K N , 
 
 an iiland fituatcd on the b. fide 
 of Porto Riro. It had the for- 
 mer name from the buccaneers, 
 as abounding with all kinds of 
 that flieil-fifh It is a fine large 
 ifland, in which arc both hills 
 and vallies, planted with oranges 
 and citrons, and the Knglilh let- 
 tied on it in the year 1718; but 
 is now quite defcjt : f < r the Spa- 
 niatds, not liking fich neigh- 
 bours, lurprized and took the 
 place in 17^0, nnd carried off the 
 won en and children to Porto 
 Rico and St. Domingo. Lat, 18, 
 10. long. 64, 10. 
 
 Cra\ kn, a county in the pro- 
 vince of ti. Carolina, lying a ong 
 the banks of the river Congaice, 
 or Santee. It is pretty well in- 
 habited by Englifli and French 
 protedants. In this county is 
 Sewcc river, where fome families 
 fiom New England fettled. In 
 1706, the Fieneh linded hire; 
 but were vigorouily cppcfed by 
 this little colony, who beat oft' 
 the invaders, having forced tlcm 
 to leave many of their ecn-ra- 
 nioiis dead bthiiul them. In this 
 county are no towns, only two 
 foris on the Southern bank of 
 Sant.e river : the one, called Sl.C' 
 niningh foit, is about 45 miUs 
 above the moi.th of the rivtr; 
 the other called Corgarce, an 
 Fnplifli fort, which Ihnds 65 
 miles above the former. 
 
 rRvvvF. N County, in ihe dif- 
 trift of Newbcrn, N. Carolina, 
 ill whiih flands Newbcrn, the ca- 
 pital of the piovincc, through 
 which runs the river Nu(e, the 
 N. boundary from Pitt county. 
 Fort Barnwell allb (lands on the 
 fame river, in this county. 
 
 Crekk or Yamacraw In- 
 
CUB 
 
 dians, a people of Georgia, whofe 
 King, Tomo- Chichi, with his 
 Queen and fon, came over to 
 England with General Oglethorpe 
 in the year 1734. There are na- 
 tions both of the Upper and 
 Lower Creeks; a country Jb called 
 from its being intcrfcfted with 
 rivers, and extending from the 
 river Savannah to the lakes of 
 Florida.theCherokces mountains 
 and il^e river Coufla. ' 
 
 St. Croix, a river in Nava 
 cotia, the E. boundary of 
 Mafliichufets-B ly province. 
 
 Crooked Island, a fmall 
 illand in the Windward Pafligc 
 where thcfhipping frequently take 
 111 *ood and water. Tt lies li. of 
 -ong inand, and is reckoned 
 among the Bahama Illands. 
 
 Crown Point, a fort built 
 by the French, in the province of 
 New York. Sec New rork. 
 
 Cuba, the moft confiderablc 
 ifland of the Great Antilles, and 
 one of the fincft in the universe. 
 
 It lies ftretched out from W to 
 E, having Florida and Lucayos 
 OB tjie N, Hifpaniola on the W. 
 Jamaica, and the fouthern con- 
 tinent, on the S. and the Gulf of 
 Mexico on the E. It lit-s between 
 19.30. and 23. of N. latitude. 
 iiid between 74. and 87. of w 
 
 CUB 
 
 iongitiiJc. It is zzo leagues in 
 If'iSth, and in the broadcll part 
 which IS toward the ifland of Hif- 
 paniola, 40 leagues; in the nar- 
 K^^veft about iz, leaving hetween 
 lis (l)ores and the fouthrrn flats of 
 florida, a channel of about 22 
 
 l«g«'«, through which the waters 
 run w.ih great raf-'dity into the 
 jAilanticoccun. 
 
 Ii lies within the Tropick of 
 ICaneer, and is by far the mod 
 I cmperatc and pleafant of all the 
 Antilles. The Europeans, who 
 I « generally troubled with the 
 I "tof thefe parts, confcfs them- 
 [7« agreeably refrclhed by the 
 poling winds, which blow morn- 
 End ^^*^"*"^ tl'foughout the 
 
 Aiws iUa^d is divided into Unec 
 
 grand diflrias, which have each » 
 commander, all under the Pover- 
 7'; °^ "?« H^vatina. the Capital 
 J t* P"""Pa^ diftrift at well a* 
 ofthcinand. The chief place of 
 the fecondis Spiriiu Santo, a little 
 town ,n the inland part, whofc 
 port .* another fmall town called 
 
 wJ* .""±^' °" »''« S. fide of the 
 Jfland. The third is that of St. 
 
 V^°'./,"^ .*'*'* *=''*"" extremity. 
 This ifland is 13 leagues from St. 
 Domingo, and the ftrait betweet* 
 
 !, "l.,l* ,''"<»*" by the name of 
 the Windward FalTage. 
 As to the foil, if differs prettv 
 
 •land. AH the weftern part of 
 the country is plain, and, if ic 
 were properly cultivated, might 
 be fruitful. The eaflern parF is 
 exceedingly mountainous, and 
 from thence there runs a chain of 
 h.ls almoft through the whole 
 lUand; but the farther W vou 
 go they are the lefs rough and 
 barren. From thefe hills there 
 run down to the North, and S 
 many rivers, and amongft thcnT 
 rome pretty confiderablc ones, 
 which, belldcs their beaowini? 
 verdure and coolnefs as they pa^r 
 are full of fifh. and aligators^of 
 which there are thought to be 
 rnore than in any other part of 
 the world The greaieft incon- 
 ven.encyin Cuba is its being over- 
 grown with woods. Amongfl 
 thefe, however, there arc feme 
 very valuable trees, particularly 
 cedars ot an enormous fize. and 
 other forts of odoriferous wood. 
 Birds there are of all kinds, more 
 "','"!" fj}y fthcr of the iflands. 
 This ifland was difcovercd bw 
 the famous Chriftopher Colum- 
 bus ,n ,49a, who had a very 
 fl'ght view of it. which yet wal 
 fatal to the natives, for they hav- 
 >ng prcfentej him with gold, fome 
 r-eces of which he earned S 
 Spa,n,_,t occafioned an immediate 
 rtfolution to fettle in it ''■iii, 
 was performed in 15,,, iy ^^hn 
 vciaiqucz, who tranfported' hither 
 about 500' foot, and 80 hoifc. 
 
 
CUB 
 
 miho did not lofe a finglc man ; 
 tiie Indianx. being niiid and 
 peaceable, fiibmitted themfclvcs 
 wi-th eagerncTs to the Spaniards, 
 who foon in return exterminated 
 them, to the amount of 500,000. 
 The breed of European cattie, 
 introduced by the Spaniards, and 
 became wild, has Co multiplied in 
 the Immcnfe woods that it is now 
 fcecomeone of the principal riches 
 of tilt illand, and they export 
 above 12,000 hides annxia'Iy to 
 Old Spain. The mountains abound 
 in mines of all kinds; however, 
 they only work ihofc of copper, 
 which arc in the caliern pare of 
 <hc Ifland ; the produce of them 
 fcrves for cafting all the canron 
 (the Spaniards make ufe of in the 
 IVcft indies, and a great part of 
 thofe they have in Europe. 
 
 This ifland has great con- 
 ▼enicnc^s both for making of 
 fait, and catching of fi(h, which 
 arc principally barbel and fhad. It 
 Jhas mules, plenty of hoffes, 
 fliecp, wild boars, hogs, and cat- 
 lie of a larger and better breed 
 than any other part of America ; 
 viiJ and tame foul, parrots, par- 
 fridges with blue lieads, and 
 l.irgc tortoifes. Their fliores al fo 
 abt.und with fca-fo'^l, particularly 
 a fort of cranes which are white 
 when young, and of various co- 
 lours when old. Here arc quarries 
 of flints, and fountains of bitu- 
 men, which is ufed in diking 
 hiips inQcad of pitch, as well as 
 iu medicinal compcfitions. 
 
 Abundance of tobacco, both 
 in leaf and fnuft", is exported 
 licrce to New Spain, Cofta Rica, 
 nnd the South-Sea, befules what 
 is fliippcd for Old Spain, &c. in 
 Europe. Another of its trading 
 .commodities is Campsachywood, 
 and lately they have introduced 
 the cultivation of coffee, and it is 
 computed to have 25,000 fiavcs, 
 and 30,000 mongrels, independent 
 of thoil' in the capital Havaiina. 
 
 However, from the depopula- 
 tion oi" Cuba, the improvements 
 en it «jc not io gencral;» nor fo 
 
 C U L 
 
 good in their nature and tendency, 
 as in our iflat'ids. Here are more 
 churches than farms, more prielis 
 than planters, and more lazy bi- 
 gots than ufeful labourers. And 
 to this it is owing, that fo large 
 an ifland, with a luxuriant foil, 
 bcfides food for its inhabitants, 
 which is more cafily produced and 
 obtained here than perhaps in any 
 other part of the world, lure 
 being forcfts with plenty of vcni- 
 fon, bcfides the cattle aliove-infii- 
 tinned, does not produce for ex- 
 portation, including even their 
 hides and tallow, tobacco and 
 fnuffV <'^C- near the value of our 
 little ifland of Antigua. A rtoim 
 in July 1773, did confiikrable 
 da.*nage in this ifland. 
 
 The cl'y of St. Jago de Culia 
 is the moll ancient in the iflinj, 
 and is, generally fpeaking, edccin- 
 cd the capital, though now the 
 governor relides at the Havanna, 
 and only fuch of the Spaniards as 
 have ^ftatcs on the ifland, and 
 arc contented with their pofleflions 
 without meddling much in trade, 
 inhabit this place, which h.\s a 
 declining afpcd>, and prefcrvcs 
 only the ruins of its former j^rut- 
 nclV. Yet even this ciiy has a 
 noble, faft, and commodiousport, 
 inferior to the Havanna only in 
 its fituation, that being on the 
 N. W. fide of the illand, towards 
 the chsr.nel of Bahama, where- 
 as St. Jago de Cuba lies on th{ 
 N. E. and commands the Wind- 
 ward Paflagc. 
 
 CuBAGuA, an ifland of Tcm 
 Firma, from whence it is parttd 
 but by a ftrait of 65 m'les from 
 Paria, or New Andalufia. It was 
 dilcovered by Columbus in J49S; 
 it is about 9 miles long ; and its 
 fiOiery produces the greatefl num- 
 ber of petrls, bi7t they arc not of 
 the largeft fize. It lies in Lotitiidc 
 II, 4j. long. 64, 12. has but a 
 few inhabitants, and is fubjcft 
 to Spain* 
 
 CuLiACAN, n province of 
 (luadaid/^ara. Hi tnc «uCi;c;;i-» ■' 
 kingdom of New Gallciav iu Oil 
 
 ( 
 
 Mexico, or 
 
 the provin( 
 
 N. New Bii 
 
 on the E. < 
 
 and the gul 
 
 W. ftslengi 
 
 is o leagu 
 
 The Sanfon 
 
 mile?. It i 
 
 of fruit. W 
 
 firft difcovet 
 
 they i <und i 
 
 a flrange m; 
 
 pents hiflinj 
 
 Thcfc were 
 
 the natives, 
 
 devil frcquei 
 
 In that Ihaj 
 
 La SjI in th 
 
 habited on c 
 
 to Dumpier, 
 
 hiy, in wh 
 
 anchor, thoi 
 
 entrance, an 
 
 and parallel 
 
 are feveral S| 
 
 pands about 
 
 from it are v 
 
 ed by Have 
 
 citiicns of C( 
 
 it another 
 
 bjnks arc fu 
 
 ftiires, Ga 
 
 covered, or 
 
 part of the c 
 
 gt.ts, or the 
 
 fiw a great 
 
 here ; which 
 
 f^bie of An 
 
 coun'.ry, Oi 
 
 town, to whi 
 
 of Sr. Micha^ 
 
 Ci'MaN A; 
 
 fipital of N( 
 fince of Ter 
 times gives it 
 vince. The 
 city in 1520, 
 » firong earth 
 near the moi 
 or branch of 
 na (jc Carriac 
 feveral rich tc 
 '» io flullow 
 hurthen can < 
 isw isihabitai 
 
and tendency, 
 Here are more 
 5, more pried. 5 
 
 more lazy hi- 
 bourers. And 
 , that i'o large 
 
 luxuriant foil, 
 ts inhabitants, 
 ' produced and 
 perhaps in any 
 : world, lure 
 plenty of vcni- 
 tie abovc-infn- 
 rodiice for ex- 
 ig even their 
 , tobacco and 
 e value of our 
 igua. A rtorm 
 d confidcrable 
 ul. 
 
 J ago de Culia 
 t in the ifl;in,i, 
 :aking, cdcem- 
 ongh now the 
 
 the Havanna, 
 he Spaniards as 
 le ifland, and 
 :heir poflelTions 
 much in irade, 
 , which h.\s a 
 
 and prefcrvcs 
 s former gnat- 
 his ciiy has a 
 mmodioHsp'Tt, 
 jvanna only in 
 
 being on the 
 iHand, towards 
 aliama, where- 
 ba lies on th{ 
 nds the Wind- 
 
 Ifland of Tern 
 nee it is parted 
 
 65 m'les from 
 dahifia. It *as 
 imbus in 149!*; 
 s long ; and its 
 f greaiefl num- 
 they arc not of 
 lies in Lotitiidc 
 
 12. has but a 
 and is fubjcft 
 
 n province of 
 Gallcia^ in Oli 
 
 CUM 
 
 Mexico, or New Spain. It has 
 the province of Cinaioa on the 
 N. New Bifcay and the Zacatacjs 
 on the E. Chiametlan on the S. 
 
 aiid the gulf of California on the _ ___ 
 
 W. Its length, according to Moll, ed three leagues S." of the' North 
 ■ o leaRiics, and breadth ^o. Sea, and to the S. W. of Margaret- 
 
 C U M 
 
 The privateers were once repolfei 
 at Cumana, without daring to at- 
 tempt it any more, being the 
 only place in the North-Seas they 
 had in vain attempted. It isfituat- 
 
 is 
 
 Tlic Sanfons make its length 270 
 itiilcp. It abounds with all forts 
 of fniir. When this country was 
 firft difcovcred by the Spaniards, 
 tlicy i >und hoiifes here built after 
 a (bange manner, and full of fcr- 
 pents hi/ling at fuch as came near. 
 Thcfe were often worfliipped by 
 the natives, who alleged that the 
 devil frequently appeared to them 
 In that ihapc. The great river 
 La SjI in this country is well in- 
 habited on each fide. According 
 to Dumpier, it is a fait lake, or 
 biy, in which is good riding at 
 anchor, though it has a narrow 
 entrance, and runs 12 leagues E. 
 and parallel with the (horc. Heie 
 are fevcral Spanilh farms and falt- 
 ponds about it ; and 5 leagues 
 frotn it are two rich mines, work- 
 ed by flaves belonging to the 
 citi2cns of ComportelTa. Here alfo 
 it another great river, whofe 
 bjnks are fuil of woods and pa- 
 ftures. Gazman, who thd dif- 
 covcred, or at lead fubdned this 
 part of the country, called it Mu- 
 jjt.-ts, or the Women's-river, as he 
 fiw a great number of women 
 bere ; which gave occnfion to the 
 
 ta illand. Lat. 
 
 9, 55. long rt5, 3. 
 
 CumanaoAte, afmalltovia 
 in a bay on the coaft of Terra Fir- 
 ma, in the Well-Indies, in the 
 proyinccof Cumana, or Andalufia. 
 It is fjtuatcd on a low flat (hoie, 
 which abounds with oyftcrs thaC 
 produce pearls. 
 
 CuMuERtAN'D B-vY, in the 
 mod northern couuTics of Ame- 
 rica. Its mokith lies under the 
 polar circle, and runs to the 
 N. W. and it is thought to com- 
 municate with Baffin's "bay on 
 the N. In tl;c cod of Cumbt ■- 
 land-bay are fevcral fmall ifl.inds, 
 called Cumberland Iflands. None 
 but the Englifli, as Maittnltre 
 obferves, call that bay Cumber- 
 land-bay ; and De Lille docs not 
 mention it, 
 
 Cumberland county, in 
 Weft Jerfey, has the D«.la war- 
 bay, on the S. and W. of the 
 county, and Greenwich is thi 
 county town. 
 
 Cumberland, a county of 
 Maflachufets-Bay, formerly the 
 territory Sagodock. See the arti- 
 cle Main, 
 
 Cumberland, a county in 
 
 f^ble of Amazons hying in this Penfylvnia, the largcft and mofV 
 coun'.ry. On this river he built a wcHcrn :ii the whole province. 
 town, to which he gave the name and is very mountainous, 
 of St. Michael ; which fee. 
 
 Ci'mana, or Co MAN A, the 
 npital of New Andalufia, a tro 
 ?ince of Terra'Firma,. It Some- 
 times gives its name to th>, pro- 
 vince. Tht Spaniards buiit this 
 city in 1 520, and it is defended by 
 » firong cartle. This town ftands 
 near tlic mouth of a great hke, 
 or branch of the fca called Lagu- 
 na dc Carriaco ; about which are 
 fevcral rich towns ; but its mouth 
 
 i» io flj.,1 
 burtht 
 
 .ow. 
 
 ihat 
 
 >, lijai no (hips of 
 itn can enter it. It ha? but 
 itw isihabiianis and littk trade. 
 
 Cumberland, a town 111 
 New Kent county, Virginia, on 
 Pamunky-river, 17 miles S. E. 
 of Newcaflle, ii W. of Delawar, 
 and 26 N. W. from Williamf- 
 
 Ci-^MBERLAND IsLAND, in 
 
 'jc( i-.a, is about twenty miles S, 
 Oi ihe town of Fredorica. On it. 
 arc the two forts called William 
 and St. Andrew's. The former 
 which is at its S. end, and com- 
 mands the inlet of Amelia-fonnd, 
 
 ftrrnulw 
 •/ 
 
 na!iWa. l#-\^/! 
 
 ^A A. . 
 
 fended by eight pieces of caanou. 
 
illf!: 
 
 CUR 
 
 barrack* ire built here for sio 
 *i'en, helidei ftorc honfei. With- 
 in the palUradoci are fine ferlnp 
 of water, and a limbcr-nonie, 
 with Urge mngaslnei under it fur 
 amunltinn aru proviiJono. 
 
 Cl) M ftic R l.AN D - Uar bouh, 
 h the S, F. part of the ifland of 
 C vtl)a, one of the Great Antilles, 
 
 irvus formerly called Walthcnam. 
 But admiral Vernon, and general 
 "Wentwoith, who arrived here 
 Kvith a fquadrun in July, i'4'» 
 made iin encaropmenr on (bore, 
 ^'here they bnilt a fort, giving il 
 the prrfent nan»e, in honour of 
 «he dnke of Cnmhcrland. It w 
 «ne of the fineft harliours i-» t!*« 
 Weft-ludiea, capable of ftjci'.fr- 
 Ing any numlier of fiiipa from 
 liutHranefl j It V.tt \n a whoUfome 
 «»unfry, ahfluiidit^g with cattle 
 and pivv«iiK»n>» af^ I a fine frelb' 
 filler Ttwr, which iK* admtial 
 Tailed Ai^Ha, »nA is iurif.*hW 
 farfirrciallcagaet. Tfils harbour is 
 about «o tcsfocs E. ftom St. jiiP 
 dc Cuba, with thick woods moH- 
 Ijr all the wa« to it. Here the 
 Rnjslilh forces bavluj flafctt till 
 aliDoft the end of Novci«i|>er 
 fo^bwinf, were, by reaifon of the 
 Gfkrv's among them, cutjertaely 
 di^nJnithcd, »«i4 beinK obliged 
 to «j«k the ifland, were canjoi 
 back tit Jamaica, i^^' ao, 30. 
 lonj;. 76, jo. 
 
 Curasao, Cukassow, or 
 
 Qo K s I s AO, om of the Leeward 
 
 or Little Antillcslflandst Sti'lhc 
 
 only ifland of importance which 
 
 the Dutcli poflcfs in the Wcti- 
 
 Inditfs. The northmoft point of 
 
 this ifland lies about 20 leagues 
 
 from the main, or Terra FirmH, 
 
 N. E. of Cape Roman. It is 
 
 about 15 leagues in length, and 
 
 4 broad. The ifl.«nd is ainiort 
 
 etcry where ragged and flouy. as 
 
 well as barren, and very badly 
 
 watered; neither is its climate 
 
 healthy or agreeable, and does not 
 
 firoduoc fi.flficient to maintain Us 
 nhihit^ntt 24 hours, yet by th^ 
 
 rcfidation of its nsafiers, there is 
 " . • . ._. - » ^' . _ 1- 
 
 C u H 
 
 want !i lefi felt. On the S. Ude 
 near the W. extremity is a good 
 harbour, calltd Santa Barbara, 
 hut ill principal one it aboot three 
 leagues from the S. P.. end, on the 
 N. fide of it, where the P»itch 
 have a very good town and ftrong 
 fort, callctf St. JorlsVBay. Ships 
 bound in thiiher mud be tiirc 10 
 keep c'ofe to the mouth of the 
 harbour, and have a rope ready 
 to fend one «nd a-fhore to the 
 fort : for ihere is no anchoring 
 at the entrance of the harhour; 
 hut being once got in, h is a very 
 fccurc port, eitliir to cureen or 
 lie fafc. At the I. end are two 
 hilFs; on of ihrm marh higlicr 
 than the other, and fleepefl to- 
 wards the N. fide. It has ancfker 
 S(K»d bayo« ihf W. wear the miJ- 
 Ic of the iflipd, called St. Mar- 
 ihaVBay. Al fo B»f St. Aon^ 
 nourthc S, ^, end, which i« de- 
 fended by Fort Amllcrd*». S'oo'e 
 merchant* hare eicOtid ftjjkr- 
 *ork». which formctly was m 
 paaure-taiul for cattle Here are 
 alfo fooie piamtalions of potatoes 
 ami yams ; aod ibff ^*«ve flW 
 IpcAi numbers of caafc oiii the 
 tfbnd. fhK it is not to imtck 
 Hicemed fur ^ts prodtsce. as Ut 
 nmatioa for trade with the Spaoiai 
 c-OLMairnt ; Ur «he Duich fimoggle 
 c^njfiderably «il1» the fettleiiiefiri 
 of that nation on the Terra Firms. 
 Fornicrly the hairbour was ne- 
 ver without fhips front Curriu- 
 gena and Porto Bcllo, which nied 
 to bviy of the Dutch about 1000 
 or 1500 negroes at a time, bcfides 
 great quanHtiesof European coiii- 
 modities. Bvit qf late that trade 
 has fallen in o the h:mds of the 
 En£,ii(h at JaiT\aic4. Yet fliil the 
 Dutch have a vaft trade all over 
 I he Wert -Indies, fending from 
 Holland fllips of good ff)icc which 
 arc laden with European goods 
 whereby they make very p'ofna- 
 ble returns. Latitude 12, o. long. 
 
 68, o. 
 
 Currituck, a maritimt 
 
 county, in the diftriaof Edinfon, 
 
D A R 
 
 re the main land, by an inhmui, 
 bciii;» furrouiKied by water, viz. 
 on (he E. by Currituck Sound, on 
 the S. by Albemarle Sound, and 
 W. by I>(orih river. 
 
 Cu R « I T u c ^:., a fea-port town 
 Iti Worth-Carolina, in the county 
 of Currituck, at which place it a 
 curtom-houfe, with a coilcftor. 
 It (Ijnds on an ifljnd, and ha« an 
 inlet and found of the fame name 
 a little South of It. 
 
 CuzuMKi., an ifland in the 
 pmviiice of Yucitm, and audience 
 of Weni<:o, in South America, in 
 the Iwy of Honduras, ij leagues 
 long, and five broad. The ad- 
 venturers who ufed to touch here, 
 when they went upon difcovcries 
 from the ifle of Cuba, called it 
 StntiCrur, from its chief town. le 
 hfs four leagues to the E. of ihc 
 lake of Bucalal, in Latitude 19. 
 long. 87. 
 
 D A R 
 
 about 55 or 60 miles from fea t« 
 Tea, 
 
 On the N. and E. It is fnffi- 
 clendy bounded by each of the 
 Vfl/l oceans. And confi'lering that 
 this is the narrowcit lund which- 
 dinjolns them, ami how great the 
 cotnpafs is which murt be fetcherf 
 from one fl»ore to the other by fea, 
 haviug North and Siuth Amc- 
 r'ca for eich extreme, it is of » 
 very fint^ular fituation, bcinjj exi 
 trcmcly plcdftnt and agreeable. 
 
 Nor does cither of the ocean* 
 fall in at once upon the Ihorc, buf 
 is intercepted by » great many 
 valuable iilinds that lia fcatterej 
 along each coafl. Tliofc in tha 
 ;ulf of Daricn are principally 
 
 S' 
 
 I> As BURY, a town in Falr- 
 J field county, Conne^icut, on 
 » hunch of the river Stratford, 
 to miles N. £, of RidgcJiold, 7 
 miles R. from New-town, and 1 % 
 S. of New Fairfield. 
 
 Da R J E N , Isthmus of, or 
 'i'jjRRA FiRMA^ properly fo call- 
 e<l, is that country lying between 
 tlu- Gulph of Daricn and Mexico, 
 or New Spain, along the coafl of 
 the North and South Seas. It is 
 I hit narrow neck of land which 
 joins South and North America 
 togfthtr ; and othei wife called the 
 Idhmiis ofPanaiTia, or of Ame- 
 rica. On the W. lide, its fouthrrn 
 call extctids to long. S^. W. 
 from London; but its northern 
 does not extend beyond longitude 
 h. Beyond the great river Da- 
 nen the land fpreads to E. and 
 N- E. as that on the other fide 
 does to the N. and N. W. fo that 
 « cannot any further be called, an 
 Uthmus. It is moftly compre- 
 hctided between l.it. 5 and 10, 
 and near 300 mHes long. But its 
 «waih in the aaiTQwcft i>art is 
 
 tJuec, viz. Golden-irtand ; ano- 
 ther, the bilged of tha three, and 
 the ifl.ind of IMnes; bcfides thefc, 
 arc the Samballocs-iflandfi, great 
 numbers of them diflcminatcd in 
 • a row, and collaterally at very 
 uneo'ial dillaiicci:. 
 
 The land of this continent is 
 of an unequal furfacc The val- 
 lies are generally watered with 
 rivers, brooks, and perenniul 
 fprings. They fall fome into the 
 N. and others into the South Sta; 
 and moft of them take their rife 
 from a ridge of high hills, run- 
 ning the length of the irthmus 
 parallel to the (hore ; tbefe are of 
 an unequal breadth, .?n ! find 
 along, bending as the ii'hnj is i'- 
 felf does. U "s moil!y >i«areil 
 the North Sea, leidom above 10 
 or 15 miles difhnt from it. 
 
 On the North fide the «onn- 
 try is every »herc fo covered 
 with woodsj, that it is all one 
 continued forefl. Some of the 
 rivers which water this country 
 are indifferently large, though few 
 of them navigable, having bars 
 and rtioals at their mouth.. On 
 the North coaft the rivers are, for 
 the moft part very fmall :; for, 
 rifing generally from the mam 
 ridge, which lies near the Ihore,, 
 their courfc is fhorr. The river of 
 Daricn is very large; b«t the 
 depth At the entrance i$ nsi' ^n.- 
 
 
 
■ \v 
 
 D A R 
 
 fwerablc to the wrdenefs of Its 
 mouth, ihoiijh further \n it is 
 deep enough. 1 he river of Cha- 
 gre is pretty contivlcrshle; has a 
 1 )r.g iviiiling eourfe from the S. 
 •nd K. part of the ifthmus, its 
 Iburcc being at a pretty great dif- 
 tancc from Its tnouth. The foil 
 on this N. coafl is various : ge- 
 nerally it is good land where 
 rifing in hills; but towards the 
 fea are fwamps. The ftiore of 
 this coad rifes in hills dire^ly, 
 and the main ridge is about five 
 vr iix miles diftant. Caret-haj 
 Jtas two or three rivulets of frem 
 water falling into it. It is a fmall 
 bay, and having two little ifljnds 
 lying before it, make it an in- 
 diifcrcnt good harbour, d it 
 has clear ancnuring>grou h- 
 
 «ut any rocks. The ifl» are 
 -pretty nigh land, cicathed with a 
 ■variety of trees. 
 
 To the eartward of the pro- 
 tnoiitorv at the entrance of the 
 river Darien, is another fine (kiidy 
 bay. 
 
 i'he province of Darien is of 
 gniat importance to the Spaniards, 
 «nd thefcene of more adions than 
 a in America. From its fitna- 
 t\i )oth on the North and Soiuh 
 Sea. 'he gold fands of its rivers, 
 and t e treafures of Peru, which 
 are brought hither, atid imported 
 into Old Spain, have induced 
 fevcral adventurers to malte at- 
 tempts on Panama, Porto Bello, 
 &c. The country is extremely 
 hot, and tbe low lands are ovei- 
 flown with continual rains. The 
 monntains here arc fo difficult of 
 aecefs, that it takes up feveral 
 days to crofs them, though the 
 didance be inconiideraii!«. From 
 the tops of fome of thefe the 
 Spaniards 'firft difcuvered the S. or 
 great Pacific ocean, -anno 15 13, 
 and called it the Sotlth-Sea^ in 
 regard they crolfed the iflhmus 
 fr<im the North»i3ea : though in 
 faft the Pacific Ocean lies W. of 
 the main-land of America. The 
 primcipai (owns of Darien are Pa* 
 «aaA4bd Potto Belio ; wliich fee. 
 
 D A U 
 
 Dartmouth, a mttrirtme 
 town in Briftoi county, in Ply- 
 mouth colony. New - England, 
 fitnated on Akuninet river, Clarke 
 Cove. It is about five miles S.W. 
 from Rochefter, near 8 South of 
 Dighton, and bnt 12 £. of Ti- 
 verton. 
 
 Davis's-Strait, a very nar- 
 row fea, lying between the North 
 main of America, and the wcdtrn- 
 coafl of Greenland ; runn'ng N.W. 
 from Cape Farewell, lat. 60. N. 
 to Baffin's -bay, in 8c. It had 
 its name from Mr. John Davis, 
 who fiift difcovercd it. For ia 
 the year 1585, he undertook, 
 with two barks, to fearch the 
 N. W. coaft, and came to the 
 S'. W. cape of Greenland, in \tt, 
 6i. where the Arait firA begins ; 
 and he called that Cape Dcfula- 
 tion. Here he found many pieces 
 of furs tike that of beavers and 
 wool ; and exchanged fume com- 
 moditics with the r.atives, who 
 often came to him in their ca- 
 noes, bringing him flag-ikins, 
 white hare-(kiiis, fmall cod, muf- 
 cles, &c. He afterwards arrived in 
 lat. 64, 15. where was found a 
 great quantity of fuch fand as 
 horhilhcr had before brought into 
 England. He (leered thence to 
 la^ 66, 40. and as far as Mount 
 Rawleigb. In 158^, he made a 
 fecond voyage to the fame coad, 
 fearching many places towards 
 the W. and ncjtt year in a third 
 voyage, he came to lat. 71, i». 
 He gave the name of London- 
 coaft to the land on the E. fMe, 
 which is the coaft of Greenland. 
 Davis's - ftrait extends to long. 
 75. where it commynicates with 
 Baffin's -bay, which lies to the 
 Nonh of tnis flrait, and of the 
 North -main, or James's -iiland. 
 —See Baffin's- bay. 
 
 Dauphin, Isle op, a fmall 
 fettlement, about 70 leagues f" 
 of the mouth of that of the Mif- 
 fifjppi. This ifland is fituated 
 on the river Mobile: it is fite 
 leagues in length, but of a fmall I 
 breadth • 'Not « 4S€t is to be iwi 
 
D E R 
 
 In one half of this ifland ; and 
 the other is not much better. 
 The fort, and the only village or 
 dwelling-place which remain on 
 it, arc minted in the weftern part 
 of the ifland. Between L' Ide 
 Dauphine and L'IfleCorne, which 
 is a league diftant from the for- 
 mer, is but little water. At the 
 extremity of the latter is anoihcr 
 very fmall ifland, called L' Ulc 
 Ronde^ on account of its figure. 
 
 Deadham, a town in SufToIlr. 
 connty, MafTachufets - Bay, five 
 miles E. of Natick, with the 
 Charles liver between them, and 
 about 12 miles S.W. from Bofton, 
 
 Dead-Chest Ifl.ind, one of 
 the fmaller Virgin Irtcs, fituatcd 
 near the £. end of Peter's Ifland, 
 anl W. of Cooper's Ifland. 
 
 DEERFiELD.atown inHamp- 
 ftiire county, Maflachufcts-Bay, 
 on the W. fide of Conncfticiit ri- 
 ver, near where it branches oflT 
 on the W. and is called Dccrfield 
 river, 
 
 Delawar, a town on the 
 point between PamunJcy river W. 
 and Mattapony E. where they run 
 into York river, Virginia. It is 
 in King William's county, ao 
 miles N. of Williamlburg. 
 
 Delaware, arivcrofPcn- 
 fyfvania. It rifes far N. in the 
 country of the Iroquois ; takes 
 its courfe to the fourhward, and, 
 dividing this "rovince from that 
 of Nevy Jerfcy, falls into the At- 
 lantic Ocean between capes May 
 and Henlopen, forming at us 
 mauth a large bay, called alfo 
 Delaware. This river is navi- 
 gable for above 200 mites, but 
 has a cataraa or ftcep water-faU 
 in it above Briftol, which renders 
 itsnavigation imprafticable north- 
 wards of the county of Bi!<*ks. 
 
 Derby, a town in Newhavcn 
 trounty, €onne«icut, 14 miles 
 N. W. of Newbaven, and 10 
 from Stratford. 
 
 Dejibv, a town in Chefter 
 county, Pcnfylvania, fituated on 
 Derby creek, which runs into rhe 
 ©cUw*fc river acarChe^er. from 
 
 DOB 
 
 whence it is didant but 7 milet, 
 and 5 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Descaoa, DesitAOA, or 
 DesiDERADA, the (irft of the 
 Caribbec Iflandf difcovered bf 
 Columbas in his ftcond voyage, 
 anno 1494, when he gave it thrt 
 name. It is fituated in the At- 
 lantic Ocean, 3 leagues E, from 
 Guadeloupe. The Spaniards make 
 this in their way to America, 
 fometimes, as well as Guadeloupe. 
 It looks at a dillance like a g«lley, 
 with a low point at the K. \V. 
 end. Here are fand-nills on the 
 N. end of it, full of red veins. 
 In fome parts it is fruitful, and 
 well cultivated with cottOn ; in 
 others barren, and deftitute of 
 trees. It breeds guanas, and a 
 multitude of the fowls called fri- 
 gats, 8ic. There is a very deep 
 cavern in this ifland, which is 
 almoft full of bones, relics of the 
 ancient Indians. It has no wa- 
 ter, except in ponds. It is three 
 leagues in length, but one in 
 breadth. Lar. itf, 36. long. 60, 30. 
 Divil's- Mouth, a name 
 given by our failors to a volcano 
 near I.eon de Nic.iraguay, a city of 
 theprovinceof Nicaraguay,inNew 
 Spain. It is fituatcd on the fide 
 of Nicaraguay lake, which, ac- 
 cording to fome, may be feen 
 from the North Sea, or at leaft 
 a great way in the lake towards 
 that fea. It has a frightful ap- 
 pearance, being cleft down almoft 
 from the top to the bottom, Bkc 
 a br/Jken faw. Lat. 13, 10. loug. 
 65. 'o- 
 
 Di A M o ?f D or Rou K D 
 Is ..AND, one of the Granadille 
 I Hands, in the Weft Indjss. Ir is 
 fi'uated between Grenada and Ca- 
 riuacau, but is not inhabited, as 
 it has no freTi water, though 
 otherwifc, for its fizc, fertile. 
 
 DiGHTOK, a town in Briftol 
 county, Plymoufh colony, New- 
 England, one mile E. of the Sta- 
 tion-tree «n Tiliguit river, and 
 5 S.W. of Raynham. 
 
 PoBBs County, in the diftrtft 
 
Ill ;;■ 
 
 DOM 
 
 ^ilvided on the N. •from Pi»'$ 
 eountv by the river Niife, and 
 has CTravcn couiily E. and Du- 
 plin county S. 
 
 Dugs - Island, one of the 
 fmallcr Vir^^tn Iflcs, (ituated on 
 the W. of Virgin Gorda, and E. 
 of Tortuia, Long. 6x, 55. lat. 
 18, 20. 
 
 Domingo, St. or Hispa- 
 nic la, one of the Large An- 
 tilles Iflands, in the Weft-Indie.«. 
 It partly belongs to the SpaniarJ<t, 
 and partly to the French, The 
 natives flilcd it Aitii, and the 
 Spaniards, when ChriAophcr Co- 
 lumbus fird difcovered it, in 1492, 
 called it Hifpaniola, or the Spa- 
 nilh Ifland. The city, which he 
 founded in 1494, being dedicated 
 to St. Dominic, the name was 
 fird extended to that quarter of 
 the ifland, and in, proccfs of time 
 10 the whole ; fo that it is now 
 _ generally called in our charts, &c. 
 Sit. Domingo. It is fituated in the 
 middle between Cuba and Jamaica 
 on the N.W.and S.W. and Porto 
 " Rico on the E. and feparated from 
 the laft only by a narrow channel. 
 It extends from lat 17, 37. to 
 lat, 20. and from long. 67, 35. 
 to long. 74, 15. being near 400 
 miles from W. to E. and almoft 
 »ao,where broadcft, from N. to S. 
 Some reckon it 300 leagues in cir- 
 cuit, excllifive of its bays, creeks, 
 &c. which, it is thought, wmld 
 anake up 200 more. It is diftant 
 from Cuba but 13 leagues, \vhich 
 rtrait is called the Windward Paf- 
 fage. The climate here is ex- 
 tremely hot, but cooied by winds 
 that blow at certain feafons. I^. 
 alfo rains cxcelTivcly at feme times, 
 yet not at all places alike. Tho' 
 the climate agrees but badly with 
 new-comers, yet they live here in 
 good health, and to a great awe, 
 many of the inhabitants extecd- 
 ing 80, and fome reaching to 120 
 years. 
 
 This ifland, which, next to 
 
 Cuba, is the largeft of all tbe 
 
 .Antilles, is allowed to be the 
 
 mo^ fiuiiful, iuid b^ jttiuch the 
 
 DOM 
 
 p!eaf«ntcn, in the Weft Tndiw 
 having vaft forcffi of cabbage' 
 trees, palms, elms, oaks, pinei, 
 the jenipah, caramite, acajou, and 
 other trees iHll taller and larger 
 and the fruit more pleafing to the 
 eye, and better tafted than in the 
 other iflands; particulaily ana- 
 nas, bananas, grapes, oranget, 
 lemons, citrons, toronias, limcj, 
 dates, and apricots. Here are all 
 the birds common in the Weft 
 Indies; as alfo tie muflisttoes, 
 and fire flies. In the meadows, 
 or favannahs, are innumerahic 
 herds of black cattle, which be- 
 long to the country. There arc 
 a fulUcicnt quantity of horfcs in 
 the French part of the ifland to 
 fupply all their neighbouring co- 
 lonies, befidcs wild horfcs and 
 wild hogs of the breed firfl 
 brought over by the Spaniards. 
 The hunters flioot the beeves for 
 their hides, as they do in Cuba ; 
 and, with regard 10 the pork, 
 they flrip the ffefti from the 
 bones, and jerk it as they do in 
 Jamaica. Scarce a country in the 
 world is belter watered, either by 
 brooks or navigable rivers, which 
 are all full of fifli, as the coaft is- 
 of crocodiles and torroifes. Its 
 principil river is called Ocoa. Inr 
 the fands of the rivers they find 
 gold-duft; and the ifland hat 
 many mines of gold, filver, and 
 copper, which, though formerly 
 worked with great profit, ytt the 
 Spaniards have found themfelves 
 too weak to carry them on to 
 advantage, and take all the care 
 they can to conceal them from 
 others. 1 he principal commo- 
 dities of this ifland are hides, 
 fugar, indigo, cotton, cocoa, cof- 
 fee, ginger, tobacco, fait, wax, 
 ambergris, various forts of drugs, 
 and dyers wood. What corn 
 they have ripens at fuch different 
 times, that it cannot be reaped 
 with any proft. The numbers 
 of French on this lide is faid to 
 equal, if not exceed, that of the 
 Spaniards ; though bcth together 
 ate very in Hunt cf what t^a 
 
DOM 
 
 Idand !i capable of maintaining. 
 In 1716, the inhabhants were 
 computed at 30,000 iiifcj, and 
 100,000 negroes anu mulattuo, 
 namely Creolt am" Meftizoes, 
 
 hofc daily allow >ncc is potatoes, 
 though they have ' ive to keep 
 bogs. 
 
 The Spaniards, f degrees, con- 
 quered the native? : and in bat- 
 tle, and cold bloou, defiroying 
 3,000,000 men, women, and 
 children, A» this ifland was a- 
 itiong the flrft difcovered by 1, 
 Spaniards, fo it was the centre of 
 their commerce in thefc parts ; 
 and as they "had been for many 
 years fvk pofleflbrs of it, it waa 
 for fame jpart of the time a rtry 
 floor., J tig colony, Bm after the 
 conqoert of Pcro, and the confi- 
 dcrable additions made to the 
 territories on the continent ot 
 North America, they megigOed 
 this iOaod, whi^h enconrafnl the 
 French, aboot the middle of the 
 im eentiuj, to 6% themlclves on 
 its W, put, where thej lute im- 
 proved the ietdcmeotf . 
 
 In flioit, the heqoeot ieCettM 
 both of the Cn^Glh and French 
 on the W. nn of the iftand, by 
 <i<SK«s oUi0Ed the SpMiiards to 
 abandon all that part of it to the 
 W. of Monte Chtifto on the if. 
 »»d Cape llongpn 00 the S- 
 The French, indeed, had no fe- 
 gal fcttkinent here till 1697, 
 Hhen the Spaniards yielded the 
 W. half of the ifland to them 
 by the treaty of Ryfwick ; the 
 boundaries between ihem and the 
 French were fettled by a line 
 tirawn acrofs the country from 
 N. to S. ' 
 
 For many years its principal 
 trade confifted in tobacco, in 
 which from 60 to loc fliips had 
 been employed ; but that funk 
 to nothing upon the eftabli(hing 
 an exclufive farm of this commo- 
 dity in France : and afterwards 
 logar becimc the ftaple-commo- 
 dity of the ifland, and generally 
 |t yields three or four (hillings a 
 
 hundred more than that of anw 
 - — J 
 
 DOM 
 
 among the other idandt. In i7»$ 
 it was computed herr were aoo 
 fogar-works; and one year with 
 another the ifland made 400 hog(^ 
 heads of 500 weight each, and 
 that it yielded annually to the 
 French »oo,ooof. and the indigo 
 is reckoned to produce near hatf 
 as much. 
 
 The coiony of the French here 
 is allowed to be the moft conftdc- 
 rable and important they have hi 
 ihtfe parrs; and would become 
 much more fo, could they get a 
 ceffion of the other part from the 
 Spaniards, which they baVe ex- 
 tremely at hrart. They art al- 
 ready poHef&a of Co many noble 
 larbours and forts as gt' cs them 
 an oj^portHT-'y 0I difturbing and 
 ttiiniog ihi iimercr of any iva- 
 tion which iluf hapjrrn to be at 
 war with. Am! mdfvd fo mtivf 
 barbonrs are all rowttd the: iHan^, 
 that iailor* can leasee jnt6 of Mb 
 in nrhicfa they may have fM» 
 water and provifions , 
 
 The rart of the iflaed tieloof- 
 iaf to uie French is under a Ge- 
 neral of their own country, St 
 hepa$ at a laree pLiip, called B«- 
 baia, on the N, iCle of the ilbnd« 
 and ahoot 30 miles E, of Ope 
 Franco!* : and extending all ak)^ 
 the fiooft from thence to the w, 
 seaches «n the S. ftJe as ftr 
 as Cape Mongon ; meafuring all 
 the bays, creeks. See cannot be 
 lefs than ^oo leagues in circuit; 
 but, exclufive of thofe windings, 
 it is 215 from Cape Francois on 
 the N. to that of Mongon on the 
 S. On the W. fide from Cape 
 JLobos to that of Tiberon, where 
 is a round black rock, which is 
 the moft Weftcrn point of the 
 whole ifland, arc four harbours 
 larger and better than any in Eng^ 
 land From Cape Tiberon to that 
 of Donna Maria on the fame fide, 
 but 25 miles to the N. arc two 
 more excellent harbours ; and 
 from this cape to that of St. Ni- 
 cholas on the N. E. which is itfelf 
 a large, deep, fife harbour, j» 
 
 rv%#\»>A AfxfV^ n£ .. li>*U \'. ~ ._.. .k_ 
 

 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
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 'el 
 
 
 
 ^j^ os:* 
 
 Uy^A 
 
 m 
 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 ""^^y^ >^v 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. 14590 
 
 (716) U72-4S03 
 

n 
 
 D O M 
 
 confluence of two or three riveri. 
 The French governor-general has 
 under him the governors of Cape 
 Francois, St. Louis, or L'Ifle de 
 Vache, and thofe of Port Palx, 
 and Petit Guaves. The mot) noted 
 places in the French part of St. 
 Domingo, as they lie from the 
 S. W. to the N. E. are 8% Louis, 
 Vache, Uonna.Maria.hay, Fond de 
 Negrns, Petit Guaves, Leogane, 
 fevcral defert iflands in the hay 
 called Cul de Sac of Leogane, th'e 
 largeft of which is called Gonave, 
 Xa Petite Reviere, L'Efterre, Port 
 Paix, Cape St. Nicholas, Tortu- 
 
 fas or Tortudas illand, and Cape 
 ran^ois. 
 
 The E. part of this ifland, in 
 the poflcflion of the Spaniards, is 
 the largen^. The commodities of 
 the whole colonics of France in 
 Sr, Domingo amounted in 1764 
 to 80 millions weight of rough 
 A'^afi IS million of refined fugar, 
 •nd 1,880,000 lb. of indigo; at 
 the fame time they gathered 7 
 millicn weight of ccfTce, and one 
 million and half of cottor. Above 
 half thcfe were the produA of the 
 N. coafl alone; the reft came from 
 the Weft and South. There was, 
 bcHilcs, this difference, that the 
 indigo and cotton were chiefly 
 from the S. and W. and the fu- 
 gar and coffee from the North. 
 
 In 1764 this ifland had 8,786 
 whiles able to bear arms; 4,306 
 inhabited on the N. 5,470 on the 
 W. and 1,010 on the S. coafts; 
 from hence, according to the ge- 
 neral methbd of calculating, the 
 whole of the whites was above 
 S 5.000. To thefs were to be ad- 
 ded 5,817 mulattoes, or free ne- 
 groes, who were enrolled. The 
 negroes were ao6)00o, and dif- 
 perfed in the following manner : 
 12, 000 in the nine great towns ; 
 4000 in country towns ; 1000 in 
 raifing vegetables; and 180,000 
 in the culture which produced 5he 
 commodities for exportation. Af- 
 ter this enumeration, in 1767, 
 51,567 negroes were imported in 
 J71 French fliips. The deficiency 
 
 DOM 
 
 of dead ones has been more than 
 A:ificlently fupplied by thofe in- 
 troduced Sn a clandefline traHc 
 and it is confidently alTei ted, there' 
 are not Icfs than 150,000 now in 
 • he French divifion only ; and the 
 culture of the land has cncreafed 
 proportionably The culture of 
 «ndjgo is dimlnifljcd, but there 
 are 40 new fugar-plantations ; fo 
 that they reckon a6o in the N. 
 divifion, 197 in theW. and 84 In 
 the South. There are alfo Ibme 
 plantations of Cacao raifed in the 
 woods. In 1767 there were ex. 
 ported by the French from this 
 ifland 124 millionsweightof fugar, 
 1,769,562 lb. of indigo, 150,000 
 lb. of cacao, 12,107,977 "». ot 
 coffee, 2,965.920 lb. of cotton, 
 8,470 packets of raw hides, 10,350 
 fides of tanned hides, 4,180 liogf- 
 heads of rum, and 21,104 hog'"- 
 heads of molaflcs, all which was 
 regiftercd at the cuftom-houfe, 
 and exported in 347 fl)ips. To 
 which may be added a fixth more, 
 that was fmuggled out j and yet 
 thoTe well verfed in the ifland fay 
 it will produce a third as much 
 irore; of Aich prodigious value 
 is this ifland. 
 
 Domingo, St. the capital of 
 the above ifland, firft built by 
 Columbus on the S. fide of it, 
 and fituated at the mouth of the 
 river Ozama, or Ifabella, in a fine 
 plain, which fliows it to a great 
 advantage from the fea. Bartho- 
 lomew Columbus, brother to the 
 admiral, is faid to have founded 
 it in the year 1594, and gave it 
 the name of Domingo, or Domi* 
 nJck, in honour of St. Dominick. 
 It was taken by Sir Francis Drake, 
 in 1586, who held it a month, 
 and then burnt a part of it ; but 
 fpared the reft for a ranfom of 
 60,000 pieces of eight. It foon 
 recovered itfclf; but the trade, 
 wi 'ch was confiderablc in fugar, 
 hides, tallow, horfes, hogs, and 
 caflia, has decayed fincc the Spa- 
 niards have been tempted by later 
 difcoverics in Mrxico, &c. Ne- 
 vettbeler<» it fliii makes a good 
 
O M 
 
 las been more than 
 plied bv thofe in- 
 cUndefUne traHc, 
 entlyalTei ted, there 
 in 150,000 now in 
 ifiononly; and the 
 land hat cncreafej 
 The culture of 
 inlftcd, but there 
 {ar-plantations ; (0 
 )n a6o in the N. 
 1 theW. and 84 in 
 here are alfo fome 
 [facao raffed in the 
 67 there were ex. 
 French from thij 
 Jns weight of fugar, 
 >f indigo, 150,000 
 
 20 Id. of cotton, 
 r raw hides, 10,350 
 hides, 4,180 hogf. 
 and 21,104 hogf. 
 ici, ail which was 
 le cuflom-houfe, 
 n 347 fliips. To 
 dded a ftxth more, 
 >led out } and yrt 
 d in the illand fay 
 a third as much 
 prodigious value 
 
 It. the capital of 
 id, firft built by 
 the S. fide of it, 
 the mouth of the 
 Ifabclla, in a fine 
 ows it to a great 
 the fea. Bartho- 
 IS, brother to the 
 to have founded 
 594, and gave it 
 mingo, or Domi* 
 of St. Dominick. 
 Sir Francis Drake, 
 leld it a month, 
 a part of it ; but 
 for a ranfom of 
 f eight. It fooa 
 ; but the trade, 
 ierable in fugar, 
 orfes, hogs, and 
 ed fincc the Spa- 
 tempted by later 
 rxico, &c. Ne- 
 il makes a good 
 
 DOM 
 
 6gnre! and its inhabitants, In- 
 cluding the negroes, 8cc. are 
 thought to exceed 25,000; and 
 fome reckon them many more. 
 They are Spaniards, Meftizocs, 
 Mulattoes, and Albatraces, and 
 of thcf*.- a jfixth part is fiTppofed 
 to be Spaniards. St. Domingo is 
 a lar^c weH-built city, a good port, 
 and It has fcveral ftruflurcs more 
 magnificent than is ufual in the 
 Wcrt-Indies, efpecially thofe of 
 the King of Spain's colleiflors. 
 Here is a Latin fchooi, and hof- 
 pital with an endowment of 20,000 
 ducns per annum, bcfides an uni- 
 verfity. Here is a finr catJiedral, 
 feven large moniftcrics, and two 
 nunneries, bffides a mint, and a 
 college, with « revenue of 4000 
 ducats. It is the fee of an arch- 
 hifhop, whofe fuffragans are the 
 bifliops o( La Conception in this 
 ifland, St. John's in Porto Rioo, 
 St. Jago in Cuba, Venezuela in 
 New Caftilc, and of the city of 
 Honduras. Her; ?Ifo is the rcfj., 
 djncc of the governor-general of 
 the Spnnilh Indies, and of the 
 judges of the royal courts ; which 
 makes it the fiipreme f«at of jnf- 
 ticc, as it is the mofj rmineut 
 royal audience of the Spaniards 
 in America; fo that the lawyers 
 and the clergy keep this city from 
 utter decay, fince the declenfion 
 of Its trade. The greateft pjut 
 of the commerce carried on by 
 the Spaniards of this illand is 
 however from this port, which 
 has 15 fathom water at the bar; 
 It is fafe and large, and defended 
 by fcveral batteries, wi:h a canie 
 St the end of the pier, which has 
 tvt'o half moons within it, and 
 reaches by two bulwarks to the 
 river. On the utmoft Ihore, near 
 the S. bulwark, flands a round 
 jowcr. The prefidcnt from Old 
 Spain lives in a houfe in this city 
 inat IS faid to have been built and 
 occupied by Columbus himfclf. 
 To this officer, on account of prior 
 ftttlcmcnt, appeals are brought 
 y"" a" the Spanifh Wcft-India 
 Winds, as formerly they were from 
 
 DOM 
 
 every province of Spanilh Ameri. 
 ca; and his fenience is definitive , 
 unlefs it is called by a particular 
 commilTion into Old Spain. At 
 he purchafes his place, he confc- 
 qucntly executes it with oppreflion. 
 St. Domingo is built of ftone, 
 after the Spanilh model, having 
 a Urge fijiiarc market-pZice in the 
 middle, about which Hands the 
 cathedral, and other public build- 
 ings. And from this f^uare the 
 principal ftreets run in a direft 
 line, being eroded by other* at 
 right angles ; fo that the form of 
 the town is almoft quadrangular; 
 and it is moft delightfully fitiuted 
 bet A een a large navigable river on 
 the W. the ocean on the S. and 
 a fine fruitiul country on the N. 
 and E. Lat. 18,25. Long. 69, 30. 
 Dominica, the laft of t|ic 
 Leeward Caribbee Illands, taking 
 them from N. W. to S. E. but 
 the Spania-ds call it the laft of 
 the Windward Hlands. It is fitu-- 
 ared much about half way betwisc 
 Guadaloupe on the N. W. and 
 Martinico on the S.E. 15 Icaguet, 
 from each. It extends from N.W. 
 to S.E. End is about 8| leagues, 
 in length, -nd near 4 where broad- 
 eft. It derives its name from the . 
 firft difcovr/y of it befng m^de' 
 on a Sunday, Nov. 3, 1593, by' 
 Columbus. - 
 
 It is divided, like Guadaloupe, 
 Martinico, and fome of the other 
 Caribbee illands, into the Cal)es- ' 
 terre, and Bafle-tcrre ; and the , 
 foil is much of the fame nature. 
 Its appeal ance is rugged and moun- 
 tainous, efpecially towards the fea, 
 but the afccnts eafy. The foil is 
 good ; and the flopcs of the hill< 
 
 which bear the fiueft trees in the 
 world, are fit for tlie produ(ftion 
 of our plants : fo that fome have 
 reported it to be one of the belt 
 of the Caribbees for its fruitful 
 valleys, large plains, and fi.ie ri- 
 vulets : and with cafe and certainty 
 all the produaions of the other 
 Wcfr-India iflands may be culti- 
 vated here. The Cabes-terre is 
 
 watered with a orour 1......1 .« 
 
 i <l 
 
II 
 
 
 i f 
 
 DOM 
 
 freili-wa»er rivers, which abound 
 with excellent fidi. Only two or 
 three plaeei in that called the 
 Bade^terrc are tolerable^ the prin- 
 cipal of which is called the Great 
 Savinnah, and Gtuated nearly in 
 the middle of it; namely the 
 traA from the point facing Mar. 
 tinico, to that which is oppoftte 
 to the Saiitts, It produces ana- 
 m.f>i mandioca, cafTava, bannanas, 
 tnd the fined figs, which are left 
 to rot on the ground, ail but 
 what they eat with their food i 
 and ihefe they gather before they 
 are ripe. They have potatoes and 
 ignamas in abundance, with a 
 
 Scat deal of millet and cotton, 
 ere are great numbers of hogs, 
 ringdoves, partridges, and orto- 
 lans. They breed hogs and pool- 
 try; and of the former are two 
 forts of wild ones, defcendedfrom 
 tboft tbat firiV came from France 
 and Spain. Here arc the fined 
 eels in the world ; but the Carib- 
 l)t»ns never eat them. 
 
 The Caribbcans having, for the 
 moft part^ retired hither, as they 
 yrcn driven out of the other 
 ittands by the Europeans, are 
 confequcntly more numerous here 
 than in any of the reft. The en- 
 ^lorage is good all round the 
 ceaft of Dominica; but<.it has no 
 port, or bay for retiring into : 
 and all the advantage it has is the 
 fliclter which (hips find behind 
 fome of its capes. The French 
 have always oppoled the attempts 
 of the Englifli for fettling on this 
 illand, becaufe it would enable 
 them in time of war to cut ofi'ihe 
 communication between Martini- 
 CO and Guadaloupe. The climate 
 is remarkable hot, even for this 
 part of the world, though the 
 air is pure and very thin. Among 
 the mountains it is imagined 
 there is a gold mine, and two 
 
 DO R 
 
 more towards the S. end of the 
 ifland called Souffrieres, from the 
 plenty of fulphur they contain, 
 f hey have alfo feveral fprings of 
 mineral waters, whofc virtues are 
 highly extoiled< Its foreflt afford 
 
 in inexhani^ible quantity of rofc. 
 wood, fo efteemed by cabinet* 
 makers. Dominica is divided in- 
 to ten parifiiet, 7 to the leeward, 
 and 3 to the windward. On the 
 leeward coaA is the capital. Lat. 
 ly, 30. long. 60, 30. 
 
 DoRCHESTXR, a little town 
 of Berkley county, on the confines 
 of Colleton county, and province 
 of Carolina. It contains about 
 350 fouls: and in it is an inde. 
 pendent meettng-houft. Latitude 
 36, 10. long. 79, 20. 
 
 DoRCHESTxR, onc of the 5 
 counties on the £. fide of Dela* 
 ware - bay, in the province of 
 Maryland. It is fituatcd to the 
 S. of Talbot county. Its prin- 
 cipal parifl) bears alfo the fami 
 name, where the county-court is 
 kept. The land here lying to the 
 N. fide of Nantikoke-river, be- 
 ginning at the mouth of Chiclca* 
 coan-river, and fo up to its fourcc, 
 and from thence to the head of 
 Anderton branch, and down to 
 the N. W. fork, and to the 
 mouih of the faid Chickacoan. 
 river, was, by an aft of the af- 
 fembly, anno 1698, declared to 
 belong to PanquaOi and Anna* 
 touquem, two Indian kings, and 
 the people under their govern. 
 ment, their heirs, and fuccefTors 
 for ever, to be holden by the 
 lord proprietary, under the yearly 
 rent of one beaver-/kin. More 
 Indian towns are in this, than 
 in any other of thp counties. 
 
 Dorchester, a maritime 
 town of Suffolk county, in New- 
 Erigland. It is for magnitude the 
 next to Bofton, from whence it 
 is diftant about 3 miles, arcl I'uilt 
 at the mouth of two fmall rivers, 
 contignous to the fea-fide. Before 
 the prefcnt troubles, it fent 
 four members to the aflembljr, 
 and had two fairs, the one. on the 
 fourth Tuefday in March, and 
 the other on the latl Wednefday 
 in Oftober. From hence it was 
 that Bofton was bombarded pre* 
 vious to the departure of tbe Brt- 
 tiii troops under General Howe, 
 
O R 
 
 e quantity of roft. 
 smed by cabinet* 
 inica is divided in- 
 
 7 to the leeward, 
 indward. On the 
 
 the capital. Lat. 
 
 0,30. 
 
 XR, a little town 
 
 ty, on the confines 
 
 nty, and province 
 
 It contains about 
 
 in it is an inde- 
 ;-houft. Latitude 
 9, 20. 
 
 xR, one of the 5 
 sE. fide ofDcla- 
 
 the province of 
 
 is fituated to the 
 ounty. Its prill- 
 ars alfo the rami 
 e county-court is 
 I here lying to the 
 tikoke-river, be- 
 mouth of Chiclia- 
 r© up to its fourcc, 
 :e to the head of 
 :h, and dowti to 
 k, and to the 
 faid Chickacoan. 
 in »€t of the af. 
 1698, declared to 
 uafh and Anna* 
 ndian kings, and 
 tr their govern, 
 -s, and fuccefTors 
 : holden by the 
 
 under the yearly 
 aver-Acin. More 
 re in this, than 
 thp counties. 
 :r, a maritime 
 county, in New- 
 or magnitude the 
 
 from whence it 
 
 miles, and 1>uilt 
 two fmall rivers, 
 ^ Tea -fide. Before 
 tublcs, it fent 
 o the aHembly, 
 , the one on the 
 in March, and 
 
 latt Wednefday 
 >m hence it was 
 bombarded pre- 
 rtnrc of the Bri- 
 
 Gcueral Howe, 
 
 D U K 
 
 when he relinquifljed Bofton In 
 March, I77tf. 
 
 Dover, a town belonging to 
 Kent county, in Pcnfylvania. It 
 was formerly called St. John's- 
 town, and conft(is of about 50 
 families. It is looked upon as 
 the principal place of the county ; 
 which, like Virginia, is fettled, 
 not in townfliips, but fcattered 
 plantations. 
 
 Douglas, a town in Wor- 
 ceftcr county, Maflachufcts-Bay, 
 an the great road from Bofton to 
 New llamplhire, 5 miles W, from 
 I Uxbridge, and 7 S. E. from Oxford. 
 I Drake, a harbour in Callfor- 
 I nia, the moft northern part of 
 the New World. It was fo Called, 
 becaafc the famous navigator, Sir 
 Francis Drake, landing thcr*, 
 look poflcilion of the pcninAila 
 of Cilifornia, for his miftrefs 
 queen Elizabeth, by the name of 
 New -Albion; the king of the 
 cou.itry a^ffually invcftin^ J m 
 with its Ibvcreignty, and prt-lent- 
 ing him with his own crown of 
 beautiful feathers : and the na- 
 tives takingthe Englifh to be more 
 than men, began to facrifice to 
 them ; but were retrained. Lat. 
 18, 15. long. Ill, 39. 
 
 Drake's Bay , fee Firf,„ Jjles. 
 
 Drakut, a village iu Mid- 
 Ukkn county, MaHachufcts-Bay, 
 Ion the banks of Beav.r Brook, 
 Inevtae Station Trees, and Me- 
 |riin<ik river. 
 
 j^htladelphta county, belonging to 
 Pffylvania, 10 miles N.E. from 
 Philadelphia, and the fame dif- 
 
 hance S. W. of Briftol. 
 
 I DucKEssCouwTY, inNew- 
 jTork, on the E. fide of the Hud- 
 Ifon s river, N of Philipfburg, and 
 |W. ot Connefticut. 
 I Duke County, New-Ene- 
 |l>nd. See Martha's Vineyard. 
 I DuKs'sCouNTY,inthepro. 
 ;;« °^u^'T^^*' 5 bounded on 
 
 Chefter. on the E. by the Con- 
 ««icut-line, on the VV. by Hud- 
 <«fl«.riyef,ap4N, bythecouoty 
 
 E A S 
 
 of Albany. The S. part f, ^c 
 
 cup.ed by iron, works, being moun- 
 tainous : the reft i, a good^,pland 
 country, well watered. There ara 
 in It two mean vill-iges. Pogh- 
 
 Tk^^.^'u?"'^ '^' French- kill. 
 The inhabitants on the banks of 
 the river arc Dutch ; but thofe 
 more caflerly, Engliihn,cn. If 
 has lately rofe very much in com, 
 merce. A few years have raifed 
 !t from 12 families, to that pitch, 
 that by the lifts it will furniih at 
 prefent 3500 fighting men. 
 
 Dumfries, a town in Staf- 
 ford county, Virginia, on a branch 
 of Patowmack river, ,a miles S. 
 W. of Colchefter, and 30 N. from 
 Falmouth. 
 
 Dunstable, a town in the - 
 province of New-Hampfhire, in 
 New-Lngland, on the banks of 
 the river Merimack, where it has 
 a large precinft. 
 
 Duplin County, in th« 
 
 diftria of Wilmington, in N.Ca! 
 rolina has the N.E. branch of 
 Cape Fear river for its boundary 
 on the N. and £. and Pelhari 
 county S. 
 
 DuRANGo,atownbclongin!r 
 to the province of Zacatecas, and 
 the audience of Gnadalaxara. in 
 C)id Mexico, or New-Spain. It 
 ts htuatcd 10 leagues from Nom* 
 brc dt Dios, and is a biftop'. 
 ice, at ihe confluence of fcveral 
 rivers, which render it convenient 
 for trade. 
 
 Du a H A ^f , a town in Newha, 
 ven county, Conneftu-nt, 9 mile* 
 b. W. from Middletown, and the 
 ramcdiflance E. from Hadham 
 aad 8 N. E. from Wallingford. * 
 ^ DtfXBURY, a maritime town 
 
 5^ ^^uT^ *'''''*"y ^"'^ *-ounty. 
 Maflachufcts-Bay, on a river that 
 runs into Plymouth -lay, from 
 whence it is a miles diftani. and 
 about 30 from Bofton, 
 
 E. 
 
 EA4.T.CH ester, , fown in 
 the county of Welt-Cheftcr 
 Jn the province of New-Yor'k* 
 
■1 
 
 E Dt5 
 
 . IBastham, a town inBarn- 
 ftaplc County, Plymouth colony, 
 Ne>*'*Knsl4nci. It it lituatcd in 
 the midaie of the pcniiiAtlj, on 
 I he W.coall that forms Cape-Cod* 
 buy, ami «« hut 5 miles from 
 Chutlinm on the £. coall at Sandy 
 I'oint. ' 
 
 EaitMain: the county of 
 X^abrador is To called, as that of 
 New Wales is denominated ihe 
 VVra Main. 
 
 Easton, a village in Briftol 
 county, Plymouth colony, Ncw- 
 lingUud, near the head of Rain- 
 ham-rivcr, 6 miles N. W. of Rain- 
 l>am, and l» W. of Bridge-water, 
 
 £ASiON,«town inNot^hamp- 
 lon county, Pcnfylvania, oppo- 
 fi:« I'hiliprtnirg, in New-Jcrlcy, 
 JO miles N. E. of Northampton, 
 nnd is fituatcd on the Dciawar 
 yivrr. 
 
 £;B K N ■ z K R , a town of Geor- 
 gia, about five uvilcs from A'>cr- 
 Corn, and up the river Savannah, 
 It is a very healthy place where 
 the SalUburgheri are fettled, with 
 two miniOcrs, who arc a foher in- 
 dnflrious people, that ralfe not 
 only corn, and other productions, 
 fnmcicni for their own fuUnitence, 
 V>ut iUl great quantities to the in> 
 itabitants of Savannah. I'hey 
 have large herds of cattle, and 
 arc in a v^ry thriving condition. 
 Ten nulcs from thence, on a river 
 running into the Savannah, is 
 bid Khcncxcr, where d lately, 
 Mas a cow-pcu, and a ^reat num- 
 ber of catile for the ufe of the 
 public, and for breeding. Lati- 
 tutfc 3^5 10, Long. 8», ao. 
 
 £d XM T o N , a town in the coun> 
 t^ of Chowcn, and diUrift of 
 lidencign, iu N. Carolina, atui for- 
 werly the capital of the whole 
 
 Erovincr. It is fituated at the 
 ottum of a bay of its own name, 
 in Albenw^Ie Sound. 
 
 En OAR, a town in the ifland 
 of Martha's Vitieyard, New-Eng- 
 land, near the K. cxtrcmrity of 
 the iftand, about 14 miles from 
 "BarnQapIc C9uuty, <m the con- 
 tinent. 
 
 E N O 
 
 Kdoecumbk County, }« 
 the dilhi« of Halifax, N. Caro- 
 lina, is bounded on the d. and W. 
 by the river I'arr, which gives it 
 communication with <cveral coun. 
 lies in the province, aud tuns 
 into Pamtico Sound. 
 
 E LE N T H K R A,or £ I,U T H K, R A 
 
 or Ai.ABASvicK, one of the li«I 
 hama or Lucaya Jflands, where 
 above 60 lamilics, fettled junler 
 Dcp, Gov. Holmes, cre«acd a fmall 
 fort, and ruifcd a compuny of mill, 
 tia for their dtfencc. bee AlabnjUr, 
 Emzabkth, a town of KiiJx 
 county, and the moft conJidcia. 
 bicof New-Jerfey. It liis tbne 
 miles within a creek oppolitcio 
 the W. part of Staten-iUand. Hem 
 the Englirti fettled firii, ami it 
 has thriven mo(i : fo th»t it was, 
 till the prtfcnt troubles, the lc« 
 of government of the two pro- 
 vinces of Eaft (tnd Wertjeiify, 
 and of the judicial courts and *(- 
 fcmblics 5 thjiugh 'great ciidca- 
 vours were ufed by the Scotch pro. 
 prietors of Kali Jerley, in 16S3, 
 to remove ihe courts from thcnw 
 to Pcrth-amboy. The town of 
 Elizabeth has above 450 families, 
 and 40,000 acres of plamatioo, 
 The proprieiops had one lierc, 
 which went by the name of tlie 
 Farm. 
 
 ElizabetH'Islands, fcvCi 
 ral fmall iflands on the S. end of 
 Falmouth, in Barnftaple coumn, 
 Plymouth county, New- England, 
 Tbuiy are S. of BuEZ^rd-bay, and 
 W. of Martha's Vineyard. Ilrt 
 largeft is N. Ihawn, the next Tin* 
 kcrs, the third Slekiims; befidet 
 which there are two much fmailer, 
 called Kuitihunt-lfles; which are 
 as far diftanti from the coali of 
 Barnftspic county, N, E. as the 
 coad of Hrlftol county W. 
 
 Etjgi.and, New, lately the 
 mod flouriiliing, and moA powcrfj 
 ful colony the l^ritiih nation htd 
 in Amnica. It is bounded on 
 the N. E. by Nova -Scotia. 1.1 
 and S. Atlantic Ocean. W. New. 
 York. N. and N. W. Canada.! 
 if 50 Biilcs long;. 190, bcoad. 
 
 lies bci 
 
 long, i 
 
 En/;lan 
 
 wees n 
 
 in Eng 
 
 eirlicr, 
 
 pirabi) 
 
 with u 
 
 cxtrem( 
 
 fo than 
 
 der the 
 
 Howcvi 
 
 are nov 
 
 the con 
 
 refpc<fts 
 
 filft fetl 
 
 \ray of 
 
 ing ihc 
 
 by givii 
 
 air, can 
 
 pours w 
 
 the heal 
 
 liic tc 
 
 Ifnierall 
 
 winter, 
 
 I T^o ni:j 
 
 out the 
 
 Tlicir xi 
 
 ovrr. 
 
 •J'he c 
 compiiici 
 is as the 
 is to that 
 England 
 •earer to 
 llie old, 
 Confeqnc 
 fan rifes 
 d«7, Juni 
 4 >n the 
 minutes 
 And on 
 the fhorl 
 minutes 
 and fets a 
 the aftern 
 day in Ni 
 tours, an 
 This cc 
 by the En; 
 tlie Indiai 
 (pot here ; 
 tvfry tJir 
 «>»ntrymi 
 alleys at 
 »««t the i 
 
N O 
 
 M BK Coi'NTY, In 
 )f Halifax, N. Caro- 
 letloii the jj. aiidVV. 
 Tarr, which givei it 
 on with <cveral coun. 
 province, auj lunt 
 Sound. 
 
 RA.orEl.UTHCRil, 
 
 i'KR, one of the li«- 
 caya Jflandi, where 
 inilics, rcttled iimler 
 i^lmei, ciecflcdafinall 
 daconipiinyof mill, 
 .■fence. ^iicAliibnJkr, 
 I'H, a town of Kilfx 
 flic moft coniiiloa. 
 Iciffy. It lies tljrie 
 a creek oppolitcio 
 f State n-illand. .Here 
 fcttied fii(t, anil it 
 >o(h fo th»t it waj, 
 \i troubles, tlic lc« 
 It of the two pro- 
 ift (tnd Wcrtjeiify, 
 dicial courts and iil'< 
 i^iigh 'grvat ciidca. 
 rdbytljc Scotch pro. 
 ^aft J[<rl<y, in leUj, 
 • courts from thcnw 
 50Y. The town of 
 I above 450 families, 
 teres of plantation, 
 OPS had one lierc, 
 by the name of tlie 
 
 rH'Is LANDS, fcveil 
 ids on the S. endof 
 I tiarnOaplc county, 
 anty, Ncw-Hiiglandi 
 ^f B«EZ!ird»bay, and 
 la's Vineyard. 'll)t 
 liawn, the next Tin* 
 d Slokunts; befiiiei 
 re two much fniailer, 
 unt-iflcs ; whicli arc 
 ti trom the coal! of 
 lunty, N, £. as tlte 
 ol county W. 
 >, New, lately the 
 ng, andmoA powerf 
 e Hritiih nation hid 
 It is bounded on 
 y Nova -Scotia. I. 
 tic Ocean, W. Ntw.| 
 md N. W. Canada. 
 '^••x^o^bcoad. 
 
 E N G 
 
 |i«$ between lat. 41 and 46, and 
 long. 67 and 74. Thcunh New- 
 England is fjtuated almoin 10 de- 
 jjrccs nearer the fun, than we ire 
 in England, ye", the wijucr begins 
 cirlier, laih longer, and 1« incom- 
 parably more levere than It is 
 with u». The fummer again ii 
 extremely hot, and more ferventiv 
 fo than in places which lie un- 
 der the fame jparallcls in Europe. 
 However, both the heat and cold 
 ire now far more moderate ; and 
 the conditutlon of the air, in all 
 rcfpcas, far better than at the 
 firft fettlemcnt. The clearing a- 
 way of the woods, and open- 
 in); the ground every where, ha.^, 
 by givir;^ a free paflige to the 
 carried off thofc noxious va 
 
 E N G 
 
 ail 
 
 pours which were fo prejudicial to 
 the health of the firft Inhabitants. 
 The temperament of the fky is 
 giierally, both in fummer and 
 winter, very tteaJy and fcrcnc. 
 Tw ni jiuhs frequently pafs with- 
 out the appearance of a cloud. 
 Tlicir rains arc heavy, and foon 
 ovrr. 
 
 J'he climate of New-England, 
 compared with that of Virginia 
 is as the climate of South-Britaiii 
 is to that of North-Britain. New- 
 Kngland being, as has been faid, 
 »e»rer to the equinoaial line than 
 lie old, their days and nights arc 
 confeqnently mows equal. The 
 ftn rifcs at Bofton, on the longeft 
 «y, June nth, a6 minutes after 
 4 «n the morning, and fets at 34 
 minutes after 7 in the evening. 
 And on December 13, which is 
 the Aorteft day, it rifcs at ic 
 minutes after 7 in the mori»i.)g, 
 and fets at zy minutes after 4 in 
 the afternoon. So that the longeft 
 Jay in Ncw..England is about le 
 lours, and the Inorteft about 9. 
 
 This country, when firft vifited 
 By the Englifh,wasonc great foref^, 
 J^e Indians having cleared a fmall 
 ipot here and there for cora ; but 
 «v<ry three or four mile^ our 
 «>»ntrymen found fomc fruitful 
 '"llsys and brooks. The land 
 »««' the fca is generally low, and 
 
 «rfd In fome parts marfhy^ fml 
 further up it rifcs into hilfe, and 
 en the N. E. it is rocky and rnoun-* 
 tainous. About Maifichufets- Bay 
 the foil is 88 fat and black as an J 
 p«rt of Kngland; and the firft 
 planters found the grafs in tha 
 valleys very rank for want of cut- 
 ting. But the uplands are not fci 
 fruitful, being modly a gravelly 
 and fandy foil, inclining to a clay. 
 Few countries are better water- 
 ed with fprings, rivers, and lakes, 
 though the latter are not fo largo 
 as thofc to the N. and W. Of itj 
 rivers, which all aljonnd with fifh, 
 the Conncaicut, Thames, Nurra- 
 ganfet,Pantucket,Piguakkct,Con- 
 cord, Patuxet, Merimack, Pifcata- 
 qua. Sawko, Cafco, Kcnnebcck, 
 and Penobfcot, are the largcft. 
 
 To the conveniency of \o many 
 fine rivers, the number cf large 
 populous towns in this country 
 IS juflly afcribed: and in the 
 trails between the rivers are (o 
 many brooks and fprings, that 
 there is hardly a place but frtlh 
 water mar be bad, by linking a 
 well within 10 or la f*rt of ihe 
 furface, and fuch water as is ge- 
 nerally good. 
 
 The moft remarkable capes and 
 points from S. to N. are I\;tu- 
 quid and Small Points, Cape KH- 
 nheth. Black Point, Porpus ...id 
 Nidduk, or Bald - head car s 
 York Nubbles, lack's Poinr' 
 Great Boar's- head, Pigeon. hill 
 Cape Ann, Nahant, PuHcin's, AJ- 
 derton, Marlhfield, Gurnet, Mo- 
 nument, and Sandy Points, Mur- 
 ray's-cliffs, Sandy, Kclinlgate.and 
 Race Points, Cape Cod, Head of 
 Pamct, Cape Malabar or Sandy 
 Point, Goofeberry Neck, Niiii- 
 gret, Quakhoragok, Watch, Black, 
 Pipe-ltavcs, and Hemunafltc 
 Points, Sachem's Head, South, 
 Long-Ncck,and Eliiabeth Points, 
 and Lion's Tongue; alfo Cape 
 Poge, and Gay-Head, in Mar- 
 tha's Vineyard —Bays chiefly to 
 be noted are, Penobfcot, Kennc- 
 bek, Caiko, Sawko, Wells, the 
 great bay of MallaclMifi.ts. Cine-i 
 
 ' ^1 
 
E N G 
 
 Cioil-bay (including Plymoulh- 
 ftay), Buzzard's and Karraganfet 
 lay J to which may be added the 
 Vty'xVa - Belt, or Lon^ - Ifland 
 Riund, between that ifland and 
 Connefticut, and Winipifljoket- 
 pond, in Ne«'»Hampfliiie. The 
 covet and inferior baya are, Mer- 
 lymcctine, Muflc^uolf, and Har- 
 rafekket bays, Broad-cove, Exeter 
 »nd Little bays, Sandy^cove, Na- 
 liant, Oyfter-rivcr, Falmouth and 
 Naflcytnkkct bays, Clark's -cove, 
 Kahantik, Guilford, and Fairfield 
 bays, Tarpaulin and Homes's 
 coves in Martha's Vineyard ifland, 
 and Tarpaulin-cove in Nafliawn- 
 ifland (onr of ihofe called Eliza- 
 l>eth). It3 priiiripa) harbours are, 
 "Winter, Pifcatdtjua, Cape Ann, 
 Bofton, Konohaflct,Scituate, Yar- 
 mouth, Slokum's, New- haven, 
 Ship, and Old Town (in Mar- 
 tha's Vincyard-ifland). 
 
 The foil of New- England is 
 various, but bcft as you approach 
 Ihe fouthward. It affords excel- 
 lent meadows in the low grounds, 
 and very good paflure almoft every 
 v?here. They commonly allot at 
 the rate of two acres for tlic main- 
 tenance -of a cow. The meadows, 
 vhich they reckon the beft, yield 
 about a ton of hay each acre. 
 Some produce two tons, but then 
 the hay is rank and four. This 
 country is not very favourable to 
 any of the European kinds of 
 grain. 
 
 The wheat is fubjeft to be 
 blaOed; the barley is an hungry 
 grain ; and the oats are lean and 
 chaffv ; but the Indian corn, 
 called maize, which makes the 
 common food of the loweft fort 
 of people, flourilhes here. 
 
 About 6 quarts of feed is fuf- 
 ficJent for an acre, which, at a 
 JTicdiura, produces about 50 bu- 
 ^el$. The New England people 
 irot only make bread of this grain, 
 but they malt and brew it into 
 a beer, which is not defpicablc. 
 The greater part of their beer, 
 howevtr, is made of molalTcs 
 io£f cd, with lb» addition, fome- 
 
 E N G 
 
 limes, of the tops of the fpruee- 
 fir infufed. 
 
 They ralfe a large quantity of 
 flax ; and have made efTays upon 
 hemp, which have been far from 
 unfuccefsful. 
 
 They have great plenty of all 
 forts of roots, as turnips, parfnipi, 
 carrots, radilhes much larger and 
 richer than ours, though thfir feeds 
 came originally from hente; flore 
 of onions, cucumbers, and piim. 
 pions. But the feed of the water- 
 melons, and fquafhes, which grow 
 here in great plenty, is Irought 
 from Portugal, to which the tra- 
 ders here have all along fcnt greit 
 quantities of filh. 
 
 They had a variety of fruiti 
 of their own growth, before tlie 
 Englin) arrived here; particularly 
 grapes, currants, ftrawbcrries, rufp. 
 berries, liurtlcberries, whitethorn- 
 haws as big as orr cherries, chef. 
 nuts, walnuts, fmall nuts, fi'berti, 
 and many more ; as aJfo forrcl, 
 water-crtflcs, favory, and the Ike 
 falad and pot - herbs ; btfidet 
 others for phyfic, and fevcral ("oris 
 of pulfc, but cfpecially kidney- 
 beans ; and without doubt thofe 
 vegetables have been fince im- 
 iroved. The peaches here are 
 arge, all flandard, and the fruit 
 letter than ours ; and they com. 
 monly bear in three years from 
 the ftone. They have aifo great 
 ple.ity of apj>les, with which they 
 make large quantities of cyder; 
 fo that, in 1721, at a village near 
 Bofton of about 40 houfes, they 
 made near 3000 barrels ; and fame 
 of their apple-trees yield fix or 
 fcven barrels, at the rate of eight 
 or nine bulhels to the barrel. 
 Here was a pearmain-tree, which, 
 a foot from the ground, meafured 
 10 feet 4 inches round, bore ji 
 bufhels of fine fruit. 
 
 Their horned cattle are very 
 nume/ous, and fome of them very 
 large. Oxen have been killed 
 there of rSoo weight. They have 
 alfo great numbers of hogs, and 
 thofe excellent ; and foxne i'o large 
 a$ to weigh 25 fcorc, Tbfy have 
 
N G 
 
 ; tops of the fpruee> 
 
 a large quantity of 
 
 ve ni«de eflays upon 
 
 have been far from 
 
 great plenty of all 
 
 as turnips, parfnipi, 
 les much larger and 
 r», though thfir feeds 
 ly from hents; flore 
 icunibers, and pum. 
 le feed of the water- 
 quafhes, which grow 
 
 plenty, is brought 
 i, to which the tn. 
 : all along fent ereat 
 5ft). 
 
 a variety of fruiti 
 growth, before tin 
 d here; particularly 
 s, fhawbiirrics, r<ifp. 
 berries, whitethorn. 
 
 our cherries, chef, 
 fmall nuts, fi'herti, 
 ire ; as aJfo forrel, 
 favory, and the I ke 
 •t - herbs ; btfidet 
 fie, and feveral ("oris 
 
 efpecially kidney- 
 ithout doubt thofe 
 ve been fince im- 
 ( peaches here are 
 lard, and the fruit 
 rs ; and they com. 
 1 three years from 
 hey have alfo great 
 rs, with which they 
 .lan titles of cyder; 
 II, at a village near 
 tut 40 houfes, they 
 barrels ; and fome 
 :-trces yield fix or 
 
 at the rate of eight 
 cIs to the barrel, 
 irmain-tree, which, 
 e ground, meafured 
 lej round, bore ji 
 
 fruit. 
 rd cattle are very 
 
 fome of them very 
 
 have been killed 
 veight. They have 
 bers of hogs, and 
 ; and {oTpe fo large 
 fcorc. Thfy have 
 
 E N G 
 
 befidcs a breed of fmail horfej, 
 which are extremely hardy. They 
 p.Kc naturally, though in no very 
 graceful or eafy manner; but witn 
 fiich fwiftnefs, and for fo long a 
 continuance, as muft appear al- 
 raoft incredible to thofe who have 
 not experienced it. The have a 
 great number of (heep too, and 
 of a good kind^ The wool is of 
 a ftapTc fuffkiently loirg; but it is 
 not fo fine as that of Old England, 
 They, however, manHfa(fture a 
 greai deal of it fucccfsfully. 
 Cloths are made of it, of as clofc 
 and firm a contexture, though not 
 fo fine, as our beft drabs, being 
 thick, and fuperior for the ordi- 
 nary wear of country people to 
 any thing we make in Erigrand. 
 
 There are in many part» mine* 
 of iron ore, and fome- of copper; 
 notwithltanding which moft of 
 the iron ufed there is brougln 
 from the more Southern provinces 
 inpigs; and hone of the copper- 
 mines have hitherto been worked. 
 They have g!ei.t quantities of bog.' 
 iron, which is ufcd for caft metal, 
 aad much ef^eemed. 
 
 The people, by their being ge- 
 nerally freeholders, and by their 
 form of government, have a very 
 free, bold, and republican fpirit. 
 in no part .of the world are the 
 ordinary fo independent, or pof. 
 Msio many of the canvet>iences 
 of life. They are ufcd from their 
 infancy to the exercifc of arms ; 
 and they have a militia, which, as 
 iiich, IS by no means comempti- 
 l)le, and in feveraJ fkirraifhes lately 
 Ajvc proved themfelves good foi- 
 iters- This» too, is much the bctl 
 peopled of any of our colonies up- 
 on the continent. It is judged 
 that the four provinces it com- 
 pnfes, namely, Mjflkhufets-bay, 
 g'nnefltcut, Rhode-Kland, and 
 Nevv-Hampfliire, contain upwards 
 w 6oo,coo fouls. Thcfe four 
 gevernments are confederated for 
 'hetr common defence. The moft 
 ee'ifiderablc of them, for riches 
 ana number of ptople, bcfn^ 
 
 i^Nd 
 
 for extent of territory, is Ma/iW 
 chufcts-bay. 
 
 Though io all the provinces of 
 New- England are large towns, 
 which formerly carried on a con- 
 fidcrable trad.;, the chief one wa* 
 Bofton, the capital of MafTachu- 
 fcts-biy, and till Jatefy the firft' 
 city of New-England, and of ali 
 North-America* See Bojfon. 
 
 For the towns of New-England 
 fee the dilfcrent provinces, viz, 
 New~Hampflnre, lark, M.ikcbu^ 
 Jcti-h(iy, Rhode-ljland, 8qc, 
 ^ We derive our rights in Ame- 
 rica from the difcovery of Sebaf- 
 tian Cabot, who firft made the 
 Nortliern continent in 1497, It 
 was, in general, called then New- 
 foiindlan<l, a name which is now- 
 appropriated to an ifland on it» 
 N.Eu.oaff* It was a long time b :forc 
 we made any attempt to fettle ii» 
 this country; Sir Walter Raleigb 
 fhewcd the way,, by planting » 
 colony in the&juthcrn part, which 
 he called Virginia, 
 
 Karly in the reign of King 
 James f. a colony eftablinied it- 
 fcif at a^plaee which they called 
 New Plymoiuh, They were but 
 few in number J near half of thcnii 
 perilhed by the fcurvy, by want,, 
 and the fcrerity of the climate. 
 But thofe who furvived, not dif- 
 piritcd with their lofles, nor witl» 
 the hardfhips they were ftill to 
 endure, and finding themfelves 
 out of the reach of the fpiritua* 
 arm, reduced this favage country 
 to yield them a tolerable liveli- 
 hood, and by degrees a. comfort- 
 able fubftftence. 
 
 This little futtlement wa« mad* 
 in the year ifei. Several of their 
 brethren in England took the fame 
 methods, whereby the colony of - 
 puritans infenlibly increafcd; but 
 they had not extended themfelveg: 
 much beyond New -Plymouth. 
 In 1629 the colony began to flou- 
 rifti, fo th»t they fooo became »• 
 con fidcrable people. By the cloftf 
 of the enfuing year they had built 
 four towns, Salem, Dorchcftcj. 
 Charles-towo, andBoftQii^ **• 
 ^i ' ' " 
 
Thoft v»ho found ihemfclrei 
 
 Unciifjf upon a rtligfom account 
 
 In J'.n*lt»nd, and Tcvcrjl .>n ncrnunf 
 
 cl the tlien |>lrofi»a!»l« ir<de ot fun 
 
 <ml (kill*, and for the fake nt the 
 
 fl^h^rilk, were invited to lettle in 
 
 Nc^-l'lngluiirl. But this colony 
 
 received lt«prlncipahrt;aancefio»ii 
 
 ihcdifcontrntot rcveiiilKre:it men 
 
 of the (uriian p.irt/, wlio were in 
 
 frotc^lori, and wljo entertained a 
 
 t»»lij{n of fettling among them in 
 
 Ke*-Kngland, if they nmuld full 
 
 In the meafurei they were purfuing 
 
 for eOablifhing the liberty, and 
 
 reforming the religion, of their 
 
 mother-country. They folicited 
 
 for granti in New-England, and 
 
 were at a great expencc in fettling 
 
 «>f them. Amongft ihefc paieii- 
 
 leei we fee the Lord Brooke, the 
 
 Lord Say and Seal, the Pelhama, 
 
 • he Hampdeni, and the Tymi. 
 
 .And Sir Mathew Boynton, Sir 
 
 "William Conliahic, Sir Arthur 
 
 Jfidcrlg, and Oliver Cromwell, 
 
 Vere artually upon the point of 
 
 cmbarljlng for New. England J 
 
 vhen archbifhop Laud obtained 
 
 «n Older for piitiing a flop to 
 
 thefe emigrations. 
 
 The part of New-EngUnd cal- 
 Jfd Manachufcts Bay had nowfet- 
 tlementi very thick all along the 
 fta-fliorc. Some flipi from thcfe 
 were planted in the orovincc of 
 York and New-Hampihire, being 
 lorn from the original flock by 
 that religious violence which was 
 the chief charafJcriflic of the firft 
 fettlers in NewEngland. The pa- 
 tc^fitecs lafl mentioned fettled upon 
 the river C>nnefticiit, and efta- 
 V lithed a fcparatc and independent 
 tovernmcnt there; fome perfons 
 having before that fixed them- 
 felvcs upon the borders of this 
 fiver, who fled from the tyrmny 
 of the Plymouth and Ma(Facha« 
 fets colonies. 
 
 For a copfidcrable time the peo- 
 fle of New- England had hardly 
 »nj regular form of government. 
 By tleir charter they were impow* 
 •red to ellahlilh fuch o dir, and 
 ^aakii fuch laws, as thcg f Kafcd, 
 
 E N O 
 
 provided they were not contr«ry ft 
 the law* of Ivi.gUhdj a pnint not 
 Ciifdy frttlcd, t% they who com. 
 pofffj rhe new I'olonies were of a 
 conti^^ltd way of thinking, an.| 
 moft violent enthiihaiU. 'Ihey 
 ••lopted the book* of Mofc* m 
 the law of the luixt 5 but the tirli 
 law» «;roun<led upon tiielV have 
 fiiicc fa ill n into dilufe. 
 
 Ai to rcllpion, it wad, a* has 
 bten faid, the puritan. And is 
 foon as they found ihemfclvci at 
 liberty in America, they fell into 
 a way very little different from 
 the independent mode. Some of 
 thcfe people fettled themfclvei to 
 the Southward, near Cape Cod, 
 where they formed a new govern* 
 ment upon their own principlci, 
 and built 1 town, which they c«l. 
 led Providence. This has nnct 
 made the fourth andfmalUll, but 
 not the worft inhabited, of the 
 New-England governments, c«|. 
 led Rhode- 1 Hand, from an ifland 
 of that name forming a part of it. 
 
 The Britifti and India commo- 
 dities annually Imported into this 
 colony, till the commencement of 
 theprefentlroubles.vtereeflimated 
 at nearly 395,000!. and the ex- 
 ports to Great-Britain at 370,000!. 
 but their fliip-buiiding and filhcry 
 troc'e was on the decline. 
 
 In their wars with the Indians 
 tlie people of New-England (hew- 
 ed very little conduA i and though 
 they prevailed in the end, in a 
 manner, to the extirpation of that 
 race of people, yet the Indians 
 had always great advantages in the 
 beginning ; and the meafures of 
 the Englifb to opnofe them were 
 for the moft part Injudlcioufly ta. 
 ken. Their manner too of treat- 
 ing them in the beginning was fo 
 indifcreet, as to provoke them as 
 inivch to thofe wars as the French 
 influence has doijc fince that time. 
 
 English Harbour, one of 
 the ports of the ifland of Antigua, 
 in the Weft- Indies. It is the beft 
 port in the ifland, and is Htuated 
 on the South fule ; and at a great 
 exfcnce has been rendered m 19 
 
E S K 
 
 rerfWe the largeft (hipi of wtr, 
 who find there a dock yard with 
 aorci and aU the matcrluli for 
 repairing and circcnin.r. U it 
 but a fmill dIOancc from the town 
 jiid h.ir!>oiir of h'almotitl). 
 
 liKiKS, a nation of Indiani 
 in Ctiuda. About the year 1655 
 they were extirpated by the Iro- 
 cjuo . : and though the beginning 
 of liic war did not turn out in 
 fivour of the latter, yet they were 
 not at all difcouraged by it ; and 
 at laft they got fo mnch the ad- 
 TjntaRe over the Erica, that were 
 it not for the great lake which 
 to ihii day bears the name of 
 that nation, one would not have 
 known that they ever exifted. 
 'Ihii Eric-lake emptlci Itfelf into 
 that of Ontario, by a canal called 
 the Leap of Niagara. 
 
 EicATARi, I final! ifland a. 
 Iwut Hvc leagues N. of Louif- 
 hour^'h, in the i/land of Cape- 
 Breton. *^ 
 
 KiKIMAUX.orEsQUTMAUX, 
 
 one of the fierceft people of ail 
 Nonh-America. They dwell on 
 Iti moft Eartern verge, beyond 
 the river of St. Laurence, and 
 fpread themfclvei up N. and E. 
 into the large track called Terra 
 de Labrador, oppofite to New- 
 foundland, from lat. 50 to 64. 
 and from long. 59 to 80. They 
 were at firtt difcovercd by the 
 Danei. who did not think it worth 
 their while to make any fettle- 
 went, or even carry on any traf- 
 fick among them. Their name is 
 luppofed to be originally Efqni- 
 m»ntfic, which, in the Albenagln 
 dialeft, fignifics eaters of raw flelh ; 
 they being almoft the only people 
 in thofe parts that eat it foy tho' 
 they ufc alfj to boil, or dry it in 
 the fun. By the complekions, 
 cuftoms, languajrc, 8cc. they feem 
 to be a quite different people from 
 «ll the other Americans, and pro- 
 bably are defcended from the 
 Oroenlanders } but they are of 
 IQ ravage and brutal a nature, that 
 no European nation cares to claim 
 woared with ihcm, Andfuchas 
 
 E S K 
 
 frsde among them for fura, tht 
 only commodity they bring down 
 from the Inland, and exchange for 
 knives, fciflirs. Dots, kettles, *c, 
 are obliged to keep them off" at 
 (bff'a length, and not Ajffer them 
 to come hi too great numbers t 
 for when they do, they make no 
 fcruplc of plundering, Inftead of 
 barteripg. They hate the Euro- 
 peans, and are always ready to do 
 them fome mifchicf } Co that they 
 will come to the water-fide, and 
 cut their cables in the night, hop- 
 ing to fee them wrecked upon their 
 coafl ngalnft the next morning. 
 
 They are generally tall, ftout, 
 and nimble, with a (kin at fair a» 
 that of any European, becaufe they 
 always go covered, even in the 
 hottcft wcither. Their hair and 
 beards are either fandy or brown» 
 and very bufhy ; and the latter, 
 (thofe being almoft the only peo- 
 ple of this country who have any) 
 grows up almoft td their very 
 eyes ; which gives them a very 
 dreadful look ; at leaft one is at 
 a |i>f$ to difcover the features of 
 their face. They have fmall eyes, 
 that look wild, large and very 
 dirty teeth; hair commonly black, 
 fomcdmes brown ; very much 
 dir)rdcred, and a brutal appear- 
 ance all over. Their manners and 
 charafter do not belye this bad 
 phyfio^nomy. They are fierce, 
 wild, diaruftful, rcftlefs, and aU 
 ways difpofed to do ftrangers » 
 mifchief, who ought to be con-, 
 tinually on their guard againfl 
 them. With regard to their ge. 
 ntus, fo little traffick is carried 00 
 with this nation, that one knows 
 not yet what particular bias it 
 is of. However, they have al- 
 ways enough for doing mifchief. 
 
 They make tbemfelycs Ihirts of 
 the wind-bladders, guts, and (kins 
 of filh, which thiy few in flips 
 neatly enough ; but they come 
 down no lower than the middle 
 with the men, and down to the 
 knees with the women : over that 
 they wear a Ihort jacket, made of 
 th« ikias of bcai^ or otbcf wiU 
 
E S I© 
 
 crntiiret, m alfo tkoCn of dogi, 
 •nd Tea calves, with ■ capt hang. 
 ing behind, which ihcy ifrow 
 over their headi In bad weather, 
 fa that fcarce any part of their 
 f«ce can be feeti. They wear al. 
 fo breeches and boots ntHile of 
 the fame fkina, with the fur in- 
 ward; and theoutfide they adorn 
 wiih fable, ermine, or oiher fine 
 ikini. The tnen'a jackets coitjo 
 down only half to the thighs, 
 Wid thofe of the women, below 
 the caif. Both arc tied with a 
 cirdle, to which they cummonly 
 hang foiiiie irinketa made of fim 
 ex other bone, or fuch other toys 
 a« they barterwith the European*. 
 In fummcr they live in huts in 
 the open air, but in winter tliry 
 ifithdraw to their caverns under 
 ground. The French at fever b| 
 limes, built fome forts and little 
 towns pn their frontiers, Aich as 
 Cartjjcr, St. Nicholas, Chichcmie- 
 dec, Port Ncuf, and Port Bean, 
 4|c. in hopes of civilizing, and 
 kilroducingatraflick among them, 
 »f well as for the fccurity of the 
 miflionarics who were to convert 
 ihem to cliriftianity. But they 
 were found fo thy and indocile, 
 that thofe fettlcments have fince 
 faiiiin to decay. 
 
 They pre reckoned to be fo 
 numerous as to have at leaft 
 30,000 figl)ting men ; but they 
 are fo ccwardJy, that 500 CUrii- 
 nos <»f Hudfon's-Bay, commonly 
 beat 5 or 6oco of them. 11icy 
 are dangerous at fca, as v»ell as 
 land; nod with their canoes, into 
 a fort of which they fometimes 
 can throw 30 or 40 men, they fo 
 infcft the cod and other filhtries, 
 that the Malowins on the N. and 
 the Spaniards of Porto Chova, 
 »M forced to arm fome of iheir 
 barco longos, in order to protcft 
 their filhcrmcnKthey making no- 
 thing of crofling over info New- 
 foandland, by the (i rails of 
 Beliifle, which are about ieven 
 leagues broad i but -they fcldom 
 venture further. 
 fXhi £I^uuDaux ace nki^ ta 
 
 E S K 
 
 drink fall water | and fre»^nenil» 
 they have no other. Thii, how- 
 ever, is not fea.water, hut ;^ot 
 from fome br^ckilh isonds, fuch 
 as are fomeiimea to be met with 
 far up in the country. 
 
 By fomt Dauilh vcflcis which, 
 in 1605, failed pretty high be- 
 yond lludfon's - Bay, we |c«rn 
 that thev met whh Utile nwn, 
 who had fquarc heads, A t4vtiiy 
 complexion, and large proiube. 
 rant lips v theiie eat both fltlh and 
 filh quite raw, who could never 
 take to bread, or driuk boiUd 
 victuals, and Aill iefs to w ine | 
 drank whale-oil as wedowatir; 
 and devoured flclh by way of 
 dainty. 
 
 The canoes of thcfe pigmies 
 refemblea weaver** Ihuttle, bcinj; 
 ten or twelve feet long. Thty 
 are conllru^ed of pieces of whale- 
 bone, about the thicknefs of one's 
 hngcr, covered on both lides 
 with the Ikins of feals, or tea- 
 calves, fewed togetirer with 
 linews : two other Ikins cover 
 the top of ilie canoe, fo t hat only 
 an opening is left in the middle 
 for the rower, and he draws it 
 clofc round his loins like a purfc ; 
 fo that being fet down, and thus 
 faftened by the middle, they de 
 not receive one drop of water into 
 the canoe, though the waves 
 fliould roll over theif heads, and 
 be jbmetimes Airroiindejl with 
 them every way. 1 he ilrength 
 of thefe machines confjfts in the 
 two ends, where the whalcbon* 
 is well faftencd together by tito 
 extremities; and the whole fo 
 compaifl:, aod well fcwcd, that 
 thcfe fmali veflcis can weather 
 out the moft violent fterms. li» 
 thcfe canoes, only one man ge- 
 nerally manages each, in which 
 he his fitting, with his legs ex* 
 tended, hisflecves tied ch fe about 
 his wrifts, and his head wrapped 
 in a kind of cowl faftened to hi» 
 jacket; fo that whatever happens, 
 the water cannot penetrate it. 
 They hold with both hands -en 
 o«r> broad At «aclx end, asd U* 
 
S K 
 
 r| and frr^n^nit^ 
 her. ThU, how- 
 ea.watfr, bm got 
 «ckilh noncls, furb 
 ei to be met wmH 
 'Hntry, 
 
 nilh vcflcl* which, 
 
 pretty high bc- 
 
 -Uay, wc IcHrn 
 
 whh tiiile nwn, 
 
 •c heads, A tiivtiiy 
 
 id large proiube. 
 
 e»t both fltfli and 
 
 who could never 
 
 or drijik boijfd 
 
 iiii iefl to wine i 
 
 a» we do watir; 
 
 Btfli by way of 
 
 of thefe pij^miet 
 er'i Ihultia, btinjf 
 feet long. '1 hty 
 f piece* of whale- 
 til icknefs of one'» 
 
 on both lidei 
 of feals, or (ca- 
 togetirer with 
 ther Ikins cover 
 iioe, fo that only 
 le/t in the middle 
 and he draws it 
 oins like a purfc ; 
 t down, and thu» 
 middle, they do 
 Irop of water into 
 ugh the waves 
 their htads, and 
 4irroiindej| with 
 '. The rtrength 
 s coniiAs in the 
 e the whalcbont 
 together by tii« 
 i the whole fo 
 ^eil fcwcd, that 
 els can weather 
 lent ftorms. It> 
 ly one man ge- 
 
 car.h, ill which 
 th bis legs ex* 
 i tied clcfe about 
 lis head wrapped) 
 1 faftened to his 
 ratevcr happens, 
 )t pcBctrate tr» 
 
 both hands «a 
 
 EST 
 
 t«reen five and (is feet Ion*, 
 which fervei at the fame time 
 as an oar, rudder, and balance, 
 or countcrtHjIfe. In thefe canoos 
 the pigmies are very dexterous, 
 and move very fwiftly. 
 
 The Kfijiiimatix, who ufe the 
 fame fort of canoes, have alfo o- 
 thtr verTels, which are larger 
 and nearly refembling the decked 
 chaloups among the French. The 
 ribi of thefe are made of wood 
 but covered with the fimc fkins 
 as the other. They carry aboiie 
 150 perfons, and go either with 
 fills or oars. 
 
 The Efquimaux are the only 
 natural inhabitants ever fccn on 
 the coafts of Newfoundland, who 
 pafs thither from the main-land 
 of Labrador, in order to hunt, 
 and for the fake of traffic with 
 Buropcans. One of their women 
 was brought to En;.|and and pre- 
 fented at court in the year 1773. 
 F.skimaux, or New-Bri- 
 TAIN, and Terra dk La- 
 brador, is the country of that 
 people bearing tha firft name, 
 lituatcd as above dcfcribcd. It 
 was yielded to Grrat- Britain by 
 the peace of Utrecht, in 171 3. 
 But no colonies b:ive been funt 
 ihither from thefe kingdoms, a 
 few fmall fcttlements at the bot- 
 tom of Hudfon's-bay excepted. 
 Here the Indians and Canadians 
 hunt for furs, though they have 
 no colonies in the country. 
 
 Essex, a maritime county of 
 MafTachurets-bay, New-England. 
 the moft N. of the whole province 
 through which runs Merlmack- 
 mer, and its eaOcrn point to 
 the Atlantic is Cape Ann. The 
 principal town in this county, 
 Ji'lem, IS now the capital of the 
 province, fince the port is re- 
 moved from Botton hUer. 
 Esse x, a county in New- 
 
 .►!. v.- ^ T^°^'' principal towns 
 •re hhzabcth and Newark. 
 
 EsTAPA, or EsTAPK,'atown 
 belonging to the province of Ta- 
 pafco, and audience of Mexico, 
 w New Spain. It U mentioned 
 
 E U T 
 
 by Dumpier as fituated on ih« 
 river TabaCro, four leavues be- 
 yond Villa de Mofc. ItTsfaldfo 
 be a place of good trade ; and Co 
 ftrong, that Ft rfpulfed captain 
 Hcwet when he attacked it with 
 aoo dcfperate buccaneers. 
 
 EsTHiR-TowN, a town In 
 Larcafter county, Penfylvanla, 
 fituated on the fe. bank oF th« 
 Sufquehannah . river, 10 miles 
 S. W. of Middle-town, and la 
 miles N. E. of Carli/le. 
 
 EsTtcHiMtNEs, favajre na- 
 tions confining on Nova Scotia. 
 See Ma Ice, ties. 
 
 Eustace, or Ei/stacia, 
 Island of, called alfo Mctan- 
 «as, or Slighter, (from a but- 
 chermg made on it by the Spa- 
 niards). It forms, with a long 
 point of land, the er 1 ncctothe 
 harbour of St. Augartine, in 
 Florida, ThisinutdTs long and 
 narrow, confifting principuljy of 
 fand and bnfhes, and but one 
 nioontain, of about ao miles \m 
 circuit. 
 
 St. EusTATiA. or Evsta- 
 T HI us, one of the Carribbee 
 Iflands. It is about 5 leagues ia 
 circuit, IS properly a very fteep 
 mountain, which feems to rift 
 oat of the fea, in the fljape of « 
 xugar-loaf. It is fituatcd in the 
 Atlantic Ocean, in America, five 
 miles W. from St. Chriflopher's; 
 IS a very fine, well cultivated 
 ifland, fubica to the Dutch, and 
 fomethingiargerthanSaba, which 
 has the fame mafters, between 
 which and St. Chriftophcr's runs 
 a narrow channel. It has no • 
 harbour, only an open road on 
 the W. fide. Its principal pro- 
 duft IS tobacco, which is planted 
 all round the mountain, by the 
 Dutch, who are well fortified 
 here; and have loco white peo- 
 ple, befides i<;oo negroes; they 
 produce near 60,000 lb. of {aeJv 
 h«:re. With regard to <it«arion. 
 It IS reckoned the (trongeft of all 
 the Caribbee Iflaads, here beinfi. 
 otily one good landing -plart? 
 which may be eafily dcfciidid b» 
 
 r 
 
E U S 
 
 « ftw men ; bcfirks, the harbour 
 is conrimanded by a foir, mount- 
 ed vith guns : only the "cry top 
 of the monntain is covered with 
 wood, all its circuit clfc b<!ing 
 manured, and planted. Though 
 the faij top looks as If it was bar- 
 ren; yet on it is a pretty large 
 plain, where wild hcafls harbour. 
 Though in this ifland arc neither 
 firings nor rivcis, they never 
 want proper Aipplies of water 
 from iheir ponds and ciftcrns. In 
 the ifland is only one church ; 
 but feveral flore-houfes, well 
 furniflicd with all ncccflaries, par- 
 ticularly the commodities of Eu- 
 l^pc. The air here is healthy ; 
 but fubjcft to ttirible thunders, 
 farthqnakes, and hurricanes : tl;c 
 laft of which j>,cneral!y happen in 
 the months of Auj^uft and Sept, 
 to the frt-qiient ruin of their 
 Kcur*, plantutioiis, and fiiips. It 
 is faid that even tl.e birds fore- 
 Teeing, by indii^rt, tlie approach 
 of thcfc hurvicuiits, lay ihcmfelvcs 
 ftut on the ground; and iho rain 
 which precedes them is always 
 bitter and fait. 
 
 The Dutch took poflelTion of 
 fhis ifland in the year 1635, the 
 property of which the States 
 
 framed to fome merchants of 
 'lufliing, who fuon fettled a co- 
 lony on it of about 600 families, 
 or, as fonoe fay, i6copcrfon$. In 
 1(665, '*!« Englifli, from Jamaica, 
 turned the Dutch out; but it was 
 foon retaken by the Dutch and 
 French, then united in war a- 
 
 faisft the Englilb ; and the 
 rench placed a garrifon in it. 
 But by the treaty of Breda it was 
 reftored to the Dutch. In 1689, 
 It was taken from them by th« 
 French ; and from thdV it was 
 raken the very next year by the 
 r.nglifh, under Sir Timothy 
 Thornhill, having had only 8 of 
 his owi? men killed or wounded 
 
 111 thf a^ra/'tr tV</-,»»U >U. r.._. 
 
 _ „. — J .,.,,..^jj ^jj^ it.*i I '.-raa 
 
 Mounted by 16 great guns, and 
 furrounded with a (hong double 
 J|a!lifado, and defended on one 
 fide by a deep ditch, and a nar- 
 
 F A I 
 
 row bridge over it to the gate, 
 which admitted but one man at a 
 time. The ifland being again 
 rcRored to the Dutch, by the 
 treaty of Ryfwick, they have re- 
 maintd ever fince in the quiet 
 pofllifion of it. Here they have 
 alfo fine fields of fugar. canes. 
 This ifland, as well as Curaflba. 
 is engaged in the Spanifli contra! 
 band trade, for which, howe- 
 ever it is not fo well fituated,, 
 The ifland lies in latitude 17, 20, 
 long. 6i, 5<5. 
 
 Ex£XER, a town in the pro- 
 vince of New - Hamp fliire^ ia 
 New England, on the W. branch 
 of the Pifcataqui river. 
 
 Exeter, a town in the coun- 
 ty of New Hanover, in N Caro. 
 lina, fituated on the N.E. branch 
 of Cape Fear river, about ?o 
 miles from Wilmington, and n 
 from the New rivtr. 
 
 Ex 17 MA Isle, one of the 
 Bahama Iflcs, fituated on the E, nf 
 the Great Bank, between Stock- 
 Jng Ifles, on the S. W. and Long 
 Ifle^ on the E. it is now uninha- 
 bited except by two families, )et 
 is one of the beft of the Bahan.at, 
 not only for its fertility, but for 
 the e/cellency of its anchoting- 
 piaces in the found to which it 
 give* name, where all the Britiftj' 
 navy could ride in fafety. The 
 only fugar plantatio . which lias 
 ever been attempted here, was 
 aban-loned laft war. It lies under 
 the tropic of Cancer. Longitude 
 74, 30, lat. 24., 30. 
 
 Exuma Sound, lies E. of 
 the Great Bahama Bank, between 
 it and the iflc of Guauahani. 
 Lat. 24, long. 75. 
 
 IT^AiRFiEtD, a county on the 
 ^ coaft of Conneflicut, New- 
 Enijland. Fairfield was formerly 
 the Mol egin territory, and was 
 in part pianfcd hy the Du;ui. 
 It is hounded all along to ths 
 South by the province of New- 
 York ; hy New Haven to the 
 IS. £. aud New -York, to tli« 
 
F A L 
 
 ver, about iq 
 
 PES 
 
 S.W. The frtland part oiF iTii» *«m' *• i . 
 
 country, about eight or ,om let K' "'V'" Barnfl^ple countr' 
 
 from the (hore I f.„ ^rhil f^S's' w^'i' ^^\^" A 
 
 and iwamps. which are uninha- and c N F V ^'■^'" J^^dwich 
 
 bi.cd ; but »fed to have good uLd^ ^J ^L ^'"'"^ Nawfta^n- 
 
 game, and confcquentiv a trad* *! j ! '"*= '"°"tii of Buz- 
 
 built in fball creek.; C^ ^J^ * * '-' ''''^ 
 
 much noted for trade. ^J^'^^^^y^^ « to5*n in KW 
 
 fAiKFiKtD.atownorrather N^Kf'thlT ^T^'"'^' P'^ thf 
 
 ^Iilloge of the county luft men- s it H« M «f p^'^P''^'"^^^ "ver, 
 
 noncd. It Is fitu^ed' in a creek L i f^^ F/edcrickfburg, anj 
 
 jn the rM.r«,rt I -. , *9 S- of Dumfries. ^ " 
 
 I'at. 41, 16. 
 
 on the fea-coaft. 
 long. 72, 12. 
 
 Fallen City, or Old Ti- 
 nusALEM, a range of rocks 
 among the Virgin Iflesinthe W. 
 nd.es S. W. of Virgin Gorda. 
 Long. 62, 53. Jat. ,8rt ,0. 
 
 tAtMOl/TH-ToWN and 
 
 Harbour, ,n the Ifiand of An- 
 t.gua, in the Weft Indies. It lies 
 
 •s defended l.y t*o forts, which 
 have a magazine. 
 
 Falmouth, a fmall town In 
 he county of York, and pro- 
 vince of Mafftchurcts-Bav in 
 New England, which was delh-ov. 
 cd, January 1776, by the Britilh 
 forces, for r*.rnfir>»»»/^._, X " 
 
 ^^SS, HS^.^^tSsi 
 
 at he entrance into DavisV 
 "raits. Latitude co ■,■, u' 
 44. 30. ^'' 37. Jon^. 
 
 ^FA.^MrNGi?^M. a town fii 
 Hertford county, Connerticut NT 
 jf^New Cambridge, and w:^f 
 
 ;he'L^fttr^ir-^„^^^ 
 fpn a diftrift of Terra Firma 
 
 confine, of tlfe^USc'e Tea" 
 thagena onthebanksoftherW 
 
 to'rh^T;^/"'^^^^^^-" 
 
 Malawi n°/ 'V.'^l'yj^.r^) 'h^ 
 
 €00 families, and was divided in. 
 
 J0 3oopan(hes;NewCarco,Sapoo 
 dock, and Strond Water The 
 fincipal part of the town was 
 
 .v.yi.u rronii another 
 town called Antiochia, which wal 
 I S leagues diftant from it an] 
 now but fmall, and thinly' pS 
 
 ?^fu:'r^.?^"^Fed'i,!;ia. 
 
 5n a neck of land ftrctch l^LT • ""'"^^^ ^?"ta Fe d'Antio- 
 "8...U. U from S,™„a "C tZurJ''"'''''e''"'^'>^i 
 
 o --- -. ..uin o(roua Water 
 
 u^ r I ^^^ui^cn a-nd town- 
 
 W,w„h about nahoufcs. it 
 ^« 'aid out in lots forming two 
 ftreets panillel to *!,« harLTr" 
 
 ^n«h,chaoreitnumberofbuildI 
 •ng werecarryingon. The har 
 
 ^co::^odS«rh!;:i'iiiS ^°i^- ^l.^-^^'^ ^i^icia:^;^ 
 
 yvaS ftores we;e loaded h?;;' L?''"^'''^'''^""^ '"'» 'l^^^Nort^ 
 
 the audience of Santa Fe This 
 
 jpn had the addition of Antfo. 
 ch.a annexed io it, to diftingnSu 
 f.omSa„taFedeBogata,S.A^ rTc^ 
 . f^s. or Fov, Santa, a pJaXt 
 "? the m ddle of Veragu'a/aP'^^! 
 
 vincem the audience ofGuatima. 
 l^u'' !!"'. "(^'"iJ and refining 
 
 nava! ftores were loaded here. 
 There was much trarf^ .0..:." -_ 
 
 !i&s^"'V''^=^'^"'"^»d^^^^ 
 
 Sea. 
 
 Fk SANTA, the capJtalo^ 
 New- Mexico. It is fituufcd „o 
 leagues from the fea, near thi 
 
 Falmovth. a tow,, and bay, runnb;! ""^ '^' ^°"' ""''•cH 
 
11 
 
 ■ t' 
 
 II 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 FLO 
 
 Itending eaO, falls into the gulf 
 Of Mexico. Baudrand ntikcs it 
 nine leagues from tliat river. It 
 Is faid to be a rich city, regularly 
 built ; and is the fee of a biOiop, 
 who U Aiffragan tc Mexico, as 
 well as the feat of the governor of 
 the country, who holds his pofl 
 for five years, and is then fuc- 
 cecded by another. By fome it is 
 called Santa Fe de Granada, and 
 by others New Mexico, Lati- 
 tude 7, 29. long. 77, 20. 
 
 FisMCKS Island. It is fi- 
 tuatcd about 5 miles from the 
 coaflL of Conne^icut, near the 
 hioufh of the Thames river ; it 
 is £. and W. near 5 miles long, 
 ^ and about i and \ broail N.and S. 
 
 Flo X IDA, a country fituated 
 on the £. fide of the Miflilippi- 
 river, and extending to the fron- 
 tiers ,of Carolina and Georgia, 
 and forms an extenfive peninfula' 
 from lat. 25 to 31. This was 
 difcovered by the Spaniards in 
 1 512, and by the cruelties exer- 
 cifed on the natives, it fuon be- 
 came a dcfart, and the fmall num- 
 ber of fcttlements Spain formed 
 here, which they never peopled, 
 Served lefs to make any advan- 
 tage of the country, than to hin- 
 der another nation from fettling 
 In it ; and (he was obliged, in 
 1763, at the peace, 10 yield it to 
 Gicat-Britain, who divided it into 
 colonies or governmcntJ, under 
 the name of Ea<t and Weft Flo- 
 rida, vvhofc limits were fettled by 
 proclanu'.ion, O^. 7, 1763. 
 
 FLORiDA,EAST,comprehends 
 all the peninfula; it is bounded 
 on the N. by Georgia, and on the 
 W. by the nvcr Apalathicola. It 
 conta.us 1 x miilion of acres, 
 which is about the quantify of 
 Ireland. Its foil, except in the 
 middle, is very low, and cut into 
 lakes and rivers full of iilh ; the 
 trees which cover it are not cinfe 
 logetncj, Ss in tiss i-.ir:£ncsri jo- 
 teih, but at a diftance from each 
 Other without any underwood. 
 7 he Ihores are fandy or marfby to 
 f^rm 4i^aQc«i wi^ig lao^* fhc 
 
 FLO 
 
 agitation of the waters violently 
 attacking with a continual force 
 its fouthern extremity, which they 
 incellantly wear away, has divided 
 it into a great number of idands, 
 keys, banks, and rocks, whofe 
 mafs bending from the W. to. 
 wards the N. has followed the 
 dircftion of the current. Thtfe 
 feparations, in which are forined 
 feveral channels for fmall vefltis, 
 were named by the Spaniards The 
 Iflands and Keys of the Martyrs. 
 Bffides, the fituation of this co- 
 lony between two feas renders the 
 air colder, and the rains more 
 frequent, than in the neighbouring 
 parts of the continent. The miid- 
 ncfs of the feafons,and the whole* 
 fome quality of the climate, he- 
 came a proverb among its firft 
 maftcrs,whoufed to refort thither 
 from the Havanna, Vera Cruz, 
 and fevcral other places, for the 
 recovery of their impaired healths. 
 The country abounds uith alt 
 forts of timber and fruit treesi, 
 efpecially oaks, fits, pines, but 
 thefe lalt without bearing fruit, 
 nut-trees, fmall cherry trees, mui> 
 berry trees, both white and red, 
 which here grow much larger than 
 in any other part of America, ma. 
 hogany, walnut, maple, alh, l(n> 
 tifques, limes, chtfnut, cedar, lau- 
 rel, and palm-trees, with vines, 
 which grow naturally, of vthich 
 lalt is a kind whofe grapes are lar- 
 ger betwixt the two tropics; and 
 it is reckoned as good as our man- 
 chet, and fix times cheaper. Al» 
 fo others that ferve for dying, as 
 fuflic, braziletto, logwood, &r. 
 the fallafras and tolu-tree ufed in 
 phyfic ; the magnolia, tulip laii^ 
 rel, the tupelow-tree, &c. are be» 
 come the greatcfl ornaments of 
 gardens ; and other (hrubs which 
 may become of great confequcnce 
 in trade, fi:ch as the myrtle- was 
 (hrub, which grows in every foil, 
 
 -.L- 
 
 — . — I c~ 
 
 the fenna flirub, &c. to this may 
 be added, that Eaft-Florida ha( 
 the grcateft part of the fruit-tree 
 of ihf New Wcrld, ana.aJmoO 4 
 
 Jimfe of 
 
 fully the 
 
 cultivatei 
 
 all the p 
 
 les, but 
 
 vines. 
 
 from tbi 
 
 of indigc 
 
 ty. It is 
 
 rient tha 
 
 plant call 
 
 which pej 
 
 of which 
 
 confidcral 
 
 fdfb iring 
 
 the (bore! 
 
 are covcre 
 
 country wj 
 
 was defola 
 
 as yet it C( 
 
 l):r of plai 
 
 pitalofthc 
 
 rida recciv 
 
 'Hit 52; fo 
 
 infant fta'{ 
 
 Ititants wer 
 
 ('reeks ; a 
 
 lived fufth< 
 
 f(»rt of gra 
 
 when right 
 
 our befi oat 
 
 t.ineoufly ii 
 
 hy the fidej 
 
 ''helndiani 
 
 handfulsjun 
 
 nnoes, and 
 
 filling into 
 
 withoir any 
 
 n^xt year's c 
 
 l)avcalf)ilje 
 
 f'»od,crpccial 
 
 fi 'vlio'efomg 
 
 [nfeans call i 
 
 There is . 
 
 Itnutfon, wil 
 
 efpecially 011 
 
 I corns, cocoa 
 
 mids. Her< 
 
 I far draught o 
 
 [but horfes for 
 
 jincreciitily che 
 
 jlhis coaft is 
 
 m^ fonjciimc 
 
o 
 
 vat«r8 viotciitly 
 continual force 
 nity, which they 
 vay, has divided 
 nber of idands, 
 1 rocks, whofe 
 m the W. to- 
 s followed the 
 :urrenr. Thtfe 
 lich are formed 
 or fmall vefltis, 
 e Spaniards I'he 
 }f the Martyrs. 
 lion of this co- 
 fcas renders the 
 he rains more 
 be neighbouring 
 ent. The miid- 
 ,and the whole* 
 he climate, l)e- 
 among its fiift 
 10 re fort thither 
 la, Vera Cruz, 
 places, for the 
 npaired healths, 
 unds uith alt 
 ind fruit trees, 
 irs, pines, but 
 ; bearing fruit, 
 erry trees, mui- 
 white and red, 
 luch larger thaa 
 f America, ma. 
 naple, aOi, len> 
 fnut, cedar, lau« 
 fs, with vines, 
 rally, of vthich 
 ie grapes arc iar- 
 vo tropics ; and 
 )od as our man- 
 s cheaper. Al» 
 /e for dyingi as 
 
 iojiwood, Sec, 
 >Iu-tree uied in 
 lolia, tulip lauo 
 ee, &c, are be- 
 
 ornaments of 
 rr (hrubs which 
 eat confeqiicnce 
 the myrik'wan 
 s in every foil, 
 
 .u: I £->...< 
 
 .lUIitoi sir— .:'<} 
 
 FLO 
 
 tliftfc of Europe fuccced wonder- 
 fully there ; where alfo may be 
 cultivated to advantage not only 
 all the produftions of the Antil- 
 Ics, but likewife filk, indigo, and 
 vines. In 177a they exported 
 from this colony 30,000 weight 
 of indigo, of an excellent qnali- 
 ty- It IS the only Englifh fettle- 
 iTient that produces much of the 
 plant called Barilla or Kali, with 
 which pearl-aJhes are made, and 
 of which the Englifh import a 
 confidcrable quantity for manu- 
 fdft .ring of gfafs, foap, &c. All 
 the fhores and overflowed lands 
 are covered with It. Wl.en this 
 country was yielded 10 England, it 
 was defolarc in fome degree ; and 
 as yet it contains but a fmall num- 
 l):r of pUntcrs. One of the moll 
 fluurifliingftfttlementswMr.Bolrs, 
 w;h;cli isS.ofSt. Auguftine, the ca- 
 pital of the colony. In 1770E. Flo- 
 rida received 50' floops and fitted 
 out 52; fo flourifliing is it in its 
 infant ftre. Its ancient inha- 
 bitants were exterminated by the 
 (;reek$; a favage nation who 
 lived further in-iand. Here is a 
 f<vi of grain like our oats, and 
 when rightly prepared, exceeds 
 J our befi oat-meal. It grows fpon- 
 t,.neouay in marlhy pLces, and 
 hy the fides of rivers, like rufties, 
 ''he Indians, when it is ripe, take 
 
 I'andfuls.andlhakethemintotheir 
 nnoes, and what cfcapcs them, 
 filling into the water, produces. 
 wnhoir any further trouble, the 
 I n»xt year's crop. In Florida they 
 
 iuvc alH) the tMn.is, a moft d( licinus 
 rjod. efpccially in hot weather; and 
 fvvho'efome, that, when ripe, Eu- 
 Dfeans cill it the cordial julap. 
 
 There is good beef, veal, and 
 tnutfon with plenty of hogs, 
 Iftpecially on the fea-coaft; %! 
 I corns, cocoa - nuts, and other 
 |mi(ts. Here are not only catile 
 iQrdraughtof the Tartar breed, 
 jbuthorfesforthefaddle. the latter 
 jincreuiuiy cheap. Every where on 
 I his coaft is rtielter for velTels. 
 pnafonjcumci a little filhing an4 
 
 F I. o 
 
 bunting. It appear, that fer 
 
 c3r'v'"R^."f'?"P-^»<'fS.* 
 country. But this coaft it the 
 kingdom, as it were, of ovftcrs 
 
 UnrtK"' ,'1"'' 1 Ncw/ound.' 
 land, the gulph and river ut St. 
 
 t'.TT' "?. '''« of «>d and 
 the coafi, as far as they can be 
 approached, are bordered ii h 
 man^ler-trees, to which adhere a 
 prodigious quantity of f.„all oy- 
 ners, of anexquifuc taflc. OtheVs 
 a great deal larger, and not fod^ 
 licious. are to be met with in the 
 
 fea; and that in fiich number.* 
 that they form ihdves therein 
 which at firft one take, for rock,' 
 Ievdw,.hthefurfaceofehewa?er. 
 from p'^a^J:." V° A -i* Separated 
 from taft Florida by the river 
 A pal .chicola on the Eaft hi, thl 
 Gtilf of Mexico on the' Solth? 
 ontheNorth,bythe3,ftpara||e 
 
 he lakes Maurepas and Pomchar! 
 
 ram and the river MiOIfippi. it 
 
 a long land of more than 80 
 
 leagues, ,n which fettlements are 
 
 enclofed. yielded to GreaTSrita': 
 
 -cV;e?yL'l^;/^r''- 
 
 I,- ui "'"7."''r> damp and un- 
 healthy, particularly neJr the fe"' 
 he Strand takes up'a great depJh 
 « « a white and dry fand. Ab 
 you advance i„ro tJe countr/ 
 «h.ch ,s tolerably even, the clU 
 
 •"ate becomes mor'e heallhv, and 
 the lands more fruitful ; tl^ey Z 
 
 evervyenrtwoharvefts^f niaife 
 and f,ave very good paftures J th 
 P enty of cattle. The trees and • 
 
 Eaft Florida, but this affords feve- 
 ralarticleswhicharewantedtheTe, 
 The^^inland parts are alfo much 
 
 „ZT1' '"f '° ^' f°"«d here i„ 
 grrat abundance; but the Indians 
 vlue our bead, more. Upon the 
 v'iiole coaft, for ^oo league^" „c 
 
 the frelh-water lakes and, 
 a fort of (hcll-fifh betwe 
 
 Mfcle ai)d 
 
 rivers 
 en a 
 
 * pearl -oyftfr, in 
 
ii 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 FLO 
 
 whhh \s fonnd abundance bf 
 pnrls, and many larget- than or- 
 dinary ; and on the coafl th«y of- 
 ten gather ambergris. Here arc 
 two forci of cochineal; one the 
 wild fort, which is far inferior to 
 what it cultivated in the gardens 
 and 6<lds ; and the plant of 
 which indigo is made, is very 
 common in mofl of the S. parts 
 of this province. Here 5? to be 
 found alfo, cfpccially after high 
 S. winds, a fort of ftone-pitch, 
 which the Spaniards, who call it 
 copea, moiftcn with greafe, and 
 ufe it for their veflel? in the na- 
 ture of pitch ; than which they 
 fay it is much better in hot rouii. 
 tries, it not being spt to meh. 
 The high grounds contain mines 
 of copper, iron, lead, atid coal, 
 and they find orpiilnent and fan- 
 darac in fevcral places. Great 
 part bf the itihabilants are Frtyich, 
 who build Ihips and cultivate rice, 
 cotton, and indigo. Their cotton 
 is very fine, of a bright white, 
 and their indigo is more brilliant 
 than that from St. Domingo. 
 The inhabitants of this colony 
 amount to about 6c oo; but they 
 have lately iticreafed rapiilly to- 
 wards ths Miilifippi. At prcf'cnt 
 their chief trade is in furs and 
 wood for dying and building, In 
 1768 their exports amounted to 
 
 10,4951. ^^^ y*^***" following to 
 36.806. In 1770 30 vcflels en- 
 ter. d their ports, and they fitted 
 out 41. 
 
 On the banks of the MiiTifippi 
 are feveral fprings and lakes, 
 which produceexcellentfalt. The 
 plants producing hemp and flax 
 are very common in this country; 
 and that fort of filkrgrafs, of 
 which arc made fuch fluffs as 
 come from the Eaft Indies, called 
 h«rb-ftuff>. Vatt flights ot pi- 
 geo.'.s come hither at certain lea- 
 Tons of the year, for above a 
 leiigve in length, and half as 
 broad; which rooft on the trees 
 In foch numbers, that they often 
 |)rc4k down tfat brtnchcsi In 
 
 FOR 
 
 mahy places are mines of pit-coal, 
 and iron-ore Is often found near 
 the furface of the earth, whence 
 a metal is extracted little infc 
 rior to fteel. Here arc alfo fomc 
 mines of ({uickfilvcr, or rather 
 the mineral from which it is ex- 
 traded, and only ufed by the na. 
 tives to paint their faces and bo> 
 dies in time of war, or high fcf- 
 tivals. 
 
 With regard to the rivers which 
 do not communicate with tlie 
 Mtflilippi, only two large ones are 
 betwixt it ?nd the peninfula of 
 Florida, namely, theCoza, Coufla, 
 or Mobile, and Palache, The 
 didancc between thefe two rivers 
 to the E. h about 190 miles; and 
 the coafl between them is very 
 deep and bold. The chief har, 
 bour betwixt them alfo, and in- 
 deed the bed upon ail this coid 
 of the Gulph of Mexico, is Pen- 
 lacola. The other places in Flo. 
 rida may be feen under the re* 
 fpctf^ive names. 
 
 Forbibher's Strait, fo 
 called from the difcovcrer of it, 
 Martin Forbilher, who in the 
 Y<ar 1578 found it out, in lat. 6z 
 N. when he went a voyage in 
 cjueft of Greenland ; and from 
 thence, forcing his way through 
 the ice, he arrived at a place in 
 thefe northern countries, which 
 he called the Countcfs of War* 
 wick'sSound, where hedefigiiedto 
 build a fort ; but part of the timber 
 which he brought from England 
 being lofl, he reti.rned home, 
 loaded with a glittering fort of 
 fand, which he had ir.iagined to 
 contain gold. (Sec Groenland.) 
 
 FoRDHAM, a manor in the 
 county of W-^fliCheller, and pro- 
 vince of New-York. 
 
 FoRT-RoYAi., the capital of 
 Granada, one of the Caribbee 
 Iflands,in the Weft Indies, which 
 licj at the bottom of a fpacious 
 liarboiir, that is capable of con- 
 taining 25 ihips of the line with 
 eafe and in perfefl fecurity. It it 
 ntu«tc4 «t the S, W, end oi (ii» 
 
F R A 
 
 i/fand, where the feat of govern- 
 ment is fixed, which reraiii* the 
 French di-ifion of the ifland into 
 7 quarters or parities. 
 
 Fo RT-RoYAL, one of the 
 principal towns in the ifland of 
 Alartinico, in the Wert Indies. 
 It i^ the feu of government in 
 the ifland ; its rtrects are regular 
 and houfcs agreeable, and the in- 
 habitants adJiiHed to luxury. To 
 the E, of the town, on a necit of 
 and, is an irregular fort, badly 
 biiilr, and worfe defigned, which 
 give>; name to the town it poorly 
 defeii-l'. Since the peace the 
 French have built a citadel. which 
 ha; (oft 3*5 oool. fterl. Jts har- 
 bour, where the men of war 
 wmt.-r, is one of the beft in the 
 welt Indies, 
 
 Frav c kfo rt, a town of 
 Phil uieiphia cojn-y, Penfylvania. 
 
 „ .'*/*^«" ^^"'It. and as large, as 
 BridoJ town.in Buckingham coun- 
 ty. The inhabitants were at firft 
 Swedes and Dutch, who had dwelt 
 w fcveral places of Pen fy Ivan ia. 
 The former fettled thcmfelvcs 
 principally on the creeks near the 
 'relbes, and the latter planted 
 near Oxford, upon the bay. At 
 Fri.ickfort is a Church-of-Eng- 
 and congregation; and in the 
 town are about 80 families. It 
 IS about 4 miles E. of Philadel- 
 phia, on a branch of the Delawar 
 river, 
 
 Francis, Lake of, St. in the 
 nver of St. Laurence, belonging 
 
 TJ'""."^"' J' '* 7 5"gues long, 
 and a moft 3 {„ its greatell 
 breadth. The land on bofh /idei 
 "low, but apparently pretty good. 
 
 The road from Montreal ti it lies 
 a h.t e to the S. W. and the Lac 
 
 and £. nT" '""' "^^ ^- ^• 
 ■Francis, St. at the weilern 
 extremity of 7 ,c de St. Pierre, 
 "Canada, is . ;aft number of 
 'lies of all dirttfnfln.^c ^.11- j t^_ 
 »«nel!eu. Jn turning upon the 
 »«ft, asone comes from Quebec, 
 «e particularly fix iiiandsrwhicl 
 
 F R E 
 
 border a deep neck of land, tnfo 
 which a hne river difcharges itfelf. 
 who c lource is in the neighbour- 
 hood of New- York. The iflej. 
 the river, and the whole countrj 
 watorcd l.y it, all go by the namj 
 pt St. Francis. Each of the iflands 
 IS upwards of a large quarter of a 
 'eague ,„ length, but of unequal 
 hreadth; but the greateft part 
 of thofe called De Richelieu are 
 fm^lJer. 
 
 In the river of St. Francis, and 
 at Its mouth, they catch excellent 
 hfh. In winter they make hoies 
 111 the ice, through which paflinjT 
 ncisfive or llx fathoms in length, 
 they ftldini <lraw them empty* 
 The fjih .which they commonly 
 take are, barbel, jilt-fini, achi- 
 gans, mafqyiroagez, a fpecies of 
 pike wiih a head larger than that 
 of ours, and a mouth under a 
 crooked fnout. 'lh« foil of St. 
 Francis, if we may judge of it by 
 the trees produced on it, and the 
 linle which has hitherto been 
 cultivated, is very good ; yet the 
 inhabitants are poor. 
 
 Franco IS E Cape, in St. 
 Domingo. Sec Hfpanlola. 
 
 Fr AN Ks-FowN, in Cumber- 
 land county, Penfylvania, fitu- 
 ated amonij the mountains at the 
 N. W. ex'icmity of the provinc 
 az miles S. VV. of Huntingdon^ 
 on the fame river, which runs in* 
 to the Sufqiithannah. 
 
 Frayles, an ifland near the 
 coaft of New Andalufia, on the 
 1 erra Firma. 
 
 Fred ERICA, fo called from 
 Frederick late Prince of Wales 
 a town of Georgia. It is fuuated 
 in the middle of St. Simon's 
 iffand, near the coaft. Ronn^l 
 the plate are good fortifications, 
 at the month of the river Aba- 
 tamha, particularly a regular for- 
 trefs, ffrengthened by four baf- 
 tions and a fpur-work, towards 
 tTiG river, mounted with fevcral 
 pieces of cannon. Here is a ma, 
 giftracy as at Savannah, the ca- 
 p«aI_of the proviocr^ fnpppqe4 
 
i 
 
 . FRO 
 
 •t the expencfl of the truOees for 
 the colony of Georgia. 
 
 in 1742, the Spitniardi, having 
 invadeJ St. Simon, tooli ilie fort 
 of ihiit name; but, upon march- 
 \nn to hcfiege Frrdnica, were re- 
 piilfied, and forced to tjuit the en- 
 terprize. Ihit iOand it 13 miles 
 long, and 3 or 4 hro.id, 20 leiigucs 
 N. of St. AupuUine. 'Ihe fort 
 of St. Simon i« 7 miles from (lie 
 tow*. Hefides thii are feverut 
 fmalt iflands in the moulh of the 
 river, foriified. Lat. 31, 12. 
 long, (ti, 43. 
 
 FRK D E RI C k's-To WN, Or 
 
 Win ch kstkr, an inland town 
 in Frcderitk'i county, Virginia, 
 near the head of Opeckon creek, 
 which uuis into the Patowmack 
 river. ' 
 
 Frkdkricksburg, a town 
 in .Spotfylvaiiia, Virginia, 5 niilfs 
 a. ot Falmouth, 107 N. of Wll- 
 liamfhurg, on the 8. bank of the 
 Rappahannock river. It is a6 
 miles S. E. to Port-Royal, «;2 
 S. E. to Hobb's.Hole, 61 to Bcl- 
 haven, 84 N. W. to Winchefler. 
 
 FRiiShOLD, (he chief town 
 of the county of Monmouth, in 
 New F. IrrCcy. 
 
 F R o u s A c Ch A N N E L, a Orait 
 lying between Nova Scotia and 
 Cape Breton, which is no move 
 than 5 common French leagues 
 \n length by 1 In breadth. 
 
 FaoNTENACt a fort bnilt by 
 ihe French, li is fituated in Ca- 
 nada, on the river St. Laurence, 
 about i( o leagues above Quebec, 
 and at about a Ihort lra)>ue from 
 its mouth where it difchar^tcs it- 
 felf on the lake Ontario, or Pretty 
 like, called alfo Frontenac. It 
 was rrci^ed with a view to Aip- 
 prefs the ravages of the Iroquois. 
 1 he winter aoout this' place is 
 much Ihorter than at Quebec ; 
 and the foil is fo well cultivated, 
 as to produce all forts of Euro- 
 pean and Indian corn, with other 
 ti uirs. The fort at Aril was but 
 iodiilerent, being only Airround- 
 cd with mud basks and palli- 
 
 FUN 
 
 fades ; but afterwards its wjIIk, 
 bi'lHuni, artd other fortincutionn, 
 were bnilt of fquarc flonc, found 
 heie in great pKniy, and ready 
 polifhcd by the beati'tg of tiic 
 waves of the lake, on the N. Mc 
 of which it is ercOcd. It 'm, a 
 f^uare of 4 bailiont, n quurtir of 
 a lca)>ue in circuit. Its fituutinn, 
 indeed, has foirething in it tluit 
 it very agneable t the banks of 
 the river ptcrrnt every way x 
 landfcapc brau)ifully variegated; 
 as likcwife dues the eniranre 
 into the lake Ontaiio, which is 
 Town with iflunds of d'.trtrcnt 
 magnitudes, all well wooded, 011 
 a peninfuU ; and nerr it is a ^(oj 
 haven, where all (oris of vtdtlj 
 may ride in r«fcty. Soirc of 
 the colcuTs v*ltich rjmc l,iiltr, 
 brouj^ht «ith ilicm fevtral fons 
 of horntd cattle, fowl, and oihir 
 ni'cful animals; fo that there is 
 n.> want of any thing : and, he- 
 fiJet, the fort i heat 'oirs are greatly 
 improved. Kut the mitforiune 
 is, that the advantageous com. 
 munication between this laki", 
 Montre.il, and Quebec, is feme 
 what dilfinilr auvl dangerous, oh 
 account of the river being full 
 of rocks and waterfals, and may 
 be eafily obllrutled by the am- 
 bufcades of the Iroijuois, who Ik 
 on each fide : To that the Frcnrli 
 abandoned the fort, and damaged 
 thofc works which they could not 
 demoliih, in the year 1689. BvX 
 fince that time ihey retcok and 
 repaired the plus., and were in 
 quiet poITefllon of it till the Eng- 
 lifh, under the command of Co- 
 lonel Bradrtrcet, took it i»^ ihe 
 year 1759, to whom it was con- 
 firmed at the peace in i76> 
 
 Fond Y -Bay, a large hay ot 
 the coall of Nova Scotia, run- 
 ning above 200 miles into the 
 land, from Cape Sable, the moft 
 fouthcrn point of Nova fcoiia, 
 to the iniimus which joins that 
 province to the continent. The 
 mouth of it lies in lat, 43, ii< 
 long. 66^ 40. 
 
fterward* its vmWf, 
 other fortificutionn, 
 fquure (lone, round 
 
 pKniy, and n-ixl^ 
 lie bcati'tg cif tlic 
 lake, on tlie N. fiite 
 S Clt'C^K-(l. It ik ;t 
 tllionji, n quardr of 
 cuir. Its fituutlon, 
 biTCthing in it tli.it 
 uhle : the banks of 
 iVnt every way i 
 iiiifiilly variegated; 
 lues the eniranre 
 
 Ontuiio, which is 
 Hands ot' (I'.trtrcnt 
 ill well wooded, on 
 nit neiir it is a f,u\\ 
 
 iill ("oris of vtdtlj 
 
 rHfcty. Some of 
 AJticIi Ciimc liiiltr, 
 
 I hem ("cvtriil foils 
 tie, fowl, and oiht-r 
 s ; Co that thtrc is 
 ^y thing : and, be- 
 hcat'oirs are greatly 
 :ut (he mitforiune 
 adv.-int«veous com. 
 letween this laki", 
 1 Q_i]ehec, is fonic 
 anvl dangerous, oh 
 ic river beinj; full 
 waterfiils, and may 
 ruilcd by the am- 
 ic Iroquois, who lie 
 To that the Frcnrli 
 : fort, and damaged 
 hich they could not 
 he year 1689. BiU 
 e ihty retcok and 
 pl.'ut, and were in 
 1 of it till the Eng- 
 ; command of Co- 
 et, took it irt ihe 
 whon* it was con- 
 peace in 176;?. 
 V Y , a large bay oi 
 Nova Scotia, run- 
 00 miles into the 
 pe Sable, the moft 
 t of Nova fcoiia, 
 s which joins that 
 ie continent. The 
 ties in Ur. 43, ii< 
 
 G A N 
 
 S. E. coaft of Cape Breton. 
 
 1 he entrance into It, which li 20 
 
 eapues from the Iflesof Sr.Pierre. 
 
 »s a leagHc in breadth, and lyini 
 
 between iflands and rock*. To 
 
 every one of the former veflTels 
 
 "retch themfelvei into the Tea 
 abo.jt • Jetgue and a htJf. The 
 depth of thia hay inland is two 
 leagues, end here is good an- 
 chorage, * 
 
 land in the river St. Laurence. 
 J; :;"8'"« \? Canad,. From the 
 point oppohte to I'iile de Mon- 
 
 talclte. by which means 40 
 '"?"" of navigation vi-oiild be 
 avoided, which the watcrfals ren- 
 <tcr almoft impraflicable, and al- 
 ways very tedioua. The land 
 »bo„t h Galette i, very good ; 
 
 and m two days time a barf ma^ 
 fail from la Galette to Nia,..-,,/ 
 with a good wind. La Gakt^l' 
 " ^""gnc and a half above the fall 
 called Ics Galotj. 
 
 Galots, a waterfal fo called 
 
 which lies in the river St. Lao: 
 
 wncc in Canada. It is the laft 
 
 »t the cafbades here. Betwixt 
 
 'e neck of land la Galette and 
 
 sGalots ,» an admirable coim- 
 
 incrZciU. '''"' "" ^* ^'- 
 
 ftand.n the river of Sf.Laurence, 
 "^Canada. Itis/ituatcdsicaBues 
 beyond i'ifle aux Ch^vresViX 
 
 •li^r!!''*;*'^^.^'"" '" Canada, 
 Where the Ohio or Fair riYc^ 
 
 JMos th,, of St. Lanrence. iT's 
 Jo leagues above the mouth of 
 h-: latter, and ,0 league. mJc 
 
 ^y land to the right haSd, be.C 
 one comes to rh* nwu 'J?°'^^ 
 
 ^n en IS like oil, and taftes fer. 
 »fi««u»u.s A Uttk further hano. 
 
 G AS 
 
 thar of quire the fame nafure 
 which the ravage, make ufe^f 
 •gainft all forts of pain.. 
 
 fiAltOtNER'9 lilAuf^ 
 
 t-i*^"^'>«5-ii-ron,: 
 
 Long JUand. New Y.>rh, on which 
 
 arc two pretty villages. " 
 
 Gaspi, or Gachipi, tk« 
 
 BaV and HtADlAND oV ll« 
 
 a.ttJ.totheS.ofCapedf.'Ro'! 
 
 one fee, , fort of iQand, whicf 
 
 n reality i, no other than'. H^ 
 
 rock, about 30 tolfes long, ,S 
 
 tafe'irf^ tK*""""*^.' ^'" *°"W 
 !n niy^*'', **' J'"'"* or Hope Of 
 an old wall; and it i, .flfred" 
 •Hat It was formerly joined to 
 Mount Joli, which fies oppofi'c 
 o It on the continent. This rofk 
 m in It. middle an opening ia 
 Lhi f**"" 0°^ *" arch,*^,hrriHgh 
 
 pafs under Ail ; and on this ac- 
 count It has had the name of I'iHc 
 I'ercce. The natives of the dif- 
 tna of Gafp^ arc commonly dff- 
 tinguilUed by the names of the 
 rivers along whofe Iwnks thjy 
 *i»e, the three principal of which 
 we bt. lean, Ri(Mgonetie, and 
 Miznmiclie, or MirawichI, and 
 by the French St, Croix. They 
 are tall and well ftaped, civil 
 anJhofpuatle; and their women 
 haudfome and chafte» 
 . With regard to Gafpe itfcir. 
 » IS not remarkable for anything 
 only that it takes its name froSl 
 the bay on which it is lituated, 
 and which lies between the Cape 
 dcs Roficrs.and I'ifle Pcrcec, or the 
 Hollow Ifland, above memioned. 
 Ecfides this bay, are two other 
 noted ones upon the coaft, name- 
 Ti* ***,* Chaleur. and Caropfieus ; 
 all which are moftly frequented 
 by fiftermen, who .commonly 
 catch falmon, jack, cotf, porpoifc^ 
 and^thelike. , 
 
 viAsifE, the capital ofatewJ- 
 tory called Gafpetia, in Canada 
 i'roper, extending itfelf along the 
 callcrn coafts of tliis province. 
 ii 3 ' ' 
 
GEO 
 
 frrtin C»pe drs Rofiers, at the 
 mouth of St Lawrence river, to 
 another promontory which lies 
 oppofiie to Cape Kreton, about 
 no league!, and flretche* much 
 further mlnnrl. 
 
 Gbmesix, Fort of, in the ri- 
 ver of St. John, after the taking 
 of I'eutagoct, in 1674, by no 
 men under the command of an 
 Englishman in a Flemiih corfair, 
 . by furprixe. fell e^fily into our 
 hands loon after. 
 
 Gkorgia, I large traA of 
 land between Carolina and Flori- 
 da. It is feparated from South- 
 Carolina by the river Savannah 
 on the N. has the Atlantic Ocean 
 on the£. is bounded by theMifTi- 
 fjppi on the W. and parted from 
 the FIcridas on the S. Its extent 
 is 170 miles from N. to S. near 
 the Tea, but widens in the re- 
 in %>*fr parts to above 150. It is 
 . divided into the following coun- 
 tirs, viz. Sa'iannah, which con- 
 tains the capital towns of Savan- 
 nah and Dbenezer ; Halifax, has 
 the town of Queenfborough ; Au- 
 ' sufta, which has Augufta and 
 . wrightfborough ; and Southern, 
 which has Suivbury, a port of en- 
 try, and Frederica. 
 
 George il. was pleafed to grant 
 a charter, dated the 9th of June, 
 1732, conftituting a corporation 
 wndcr the name «f Truftees for 
 cilablifliing a colony in Georgia; 
 which included all that country 
 fituated in South-Carolina, which 
 lies from the moft Northern ftream 
 of the river Savannah, along the 
 coaft, to the moH Southern fiream 
 of (he Alatamacha, and W. from 
 the fources of the /aid rivers, rc- 
 fpeAivcly in direO lines, as far as 
 the South or Pacific Sea. Georgia. 
 is but indifferently peopled, tho' 
 it is now Dpwartfs of 40 years 
 iince its firll fettlement. Not 
 one of our colonies was of fo How 
 • growth, though none had fo 
 •tuch of the attention of the go- 
 ■ vernment, or of the ptople in ge- 
 neral, or railed fo ^rcat exfcAii. 
 
 GEO 
 
 tions in the hc}>innin}^. Thff 
 export fome corn and l«ml»cr to 
 the Wcfl-Indics, ihcy rai/e fome 
 f ce, and of late have gone with 
 fuccefs into indigo. 
 
 After pulling the bars, (hipt 
 meet with a fecure and commo- 
 dious harbour in the mouth of 
 the Savannah river; and to the 
 S. of it is a ftill more capacious 
 road, called Teky-found, where 
 a large fleet may anchor in be- 
 tween 10 and 14 fathoms water, 
 being land-locked, and having a 
 fafe entrance over the bar. 1 he 
 tide of flood generally rifes on this 
 coafl to fcven feet. 
 
 This country produces Indian 
 corn, as alfo wheat, oats, and bar- 
 ley, of which the two laft grains 
 f'i'ow beft. Very good wheat is 
 iltewife reaped in May ; and they 
 mow the grafs in June. Here are 
 potatoes, pumpkins, water and 
 mulk melons, cucumbers, alirorij 
 of F.iiglifh green peafe (which, 
 with proper care and culture, may 
 be had almofl the whole jeir 
 round), and garden-beans, but the 
 Windfor fort will not flourilh 
 here; Indian pea<e, all forts of 
 falading the year round, and all 
 forts of fweet herbs and pof-herb>. 
 Here are nc^arines, plumbs, ind 
 peaches; which three, efpeciaily 
 the iaft, are aimoft as common as 
 apple-trees are in Hereford ftirf. 
 'I he plumbs arc ripe the begin* 
 n:ng of May; peaches and nec- 
 tarines the latter end of June. 
 Here are no hazle-nnts, but chin- 
 capins vcryfweet and good ; v'M I 
 g-apes in abundarvce, which ire 
 ripe in June ; as alfo four or live 
 forts of good wind- berries ; pK* 
 fimmfns, mueh like our mtdUtr, I 
 wild cherries, that grow in fp^y* 
 lijte currants, and are not mvth 
 larger, bul talVe like a fmali bl.i(k 
 cherry, and are ripe in May, 
 Here are a few Englilh chcrrifjmj 
 the gardens and orcharJs; alfoj 
 apple, pear, and a few aprirctj 
 trees : many of the apple-trefsl 
 bcai twice a year ; but the l»^\ 
 
E O 
 
 bc}>inninj», Thrf 
 
 irn and iuniltrr to 
 
 !$, I hey rai/e fonie 
 
 >te have gone with 
 
 i'go. 
 
 g the ban, (hipt 
 
 ecure and commn- 
 
 in the mouih of 
 river; and to the 
 \\l more capacious 
 reky'found, whrre 
 lay anchor in be- 
 
 14 fathoms water, 
 :ked, and having a 
 >vcr the bar. 1'he 
 ;nerally rifes on this 
 feet. 
 
 ry produces Indi»R 
 heat, oats, and bar* 
 
 the two laft grains 
 ^cry good wheat is 
 I in May ; and ihcy 
 
 in June. Here are 
 fipkins, water and 
 cucumbers, ail rorij 
 recn peafe (which, 
 ire and culture, may 
 ft the whole jeir 
 ifden-bcans, but the 
 
 will not ilourilh 
 
 peafic, all forts of 
 pcar round, and all 
 nerbs and pof-herb>. 
 irines, plumbs, and 
 ch three, efpeciaily 
 imoft as commnnas 
 e in Hereford ftirf. 
 arc ripe the begin* 
 ; peaches »iid nee- 
 atter end of June, 
 lazlr-nnts, but chin* 
 veet and good ; wiM 
 Lindarwe, which are i 
 
 as alfo' four or five j 
 1 wind- berries ; prt* 
 eh like o<ir medlJtj; I 
 , that grow in fp»ys 
 . and are not much 
 ttt like a fmali bt.i(k | 
 
 are ripe in May. 
 w Englifh chcrriMmj 
 and orcharJs; alfoj 
 
 and a few aprirctj 
 
 of the apple-tre«sj 
 year ; but ibc l^^l 
 
 GEO 
 
 cmp is fmall. Here are great 
 quantities of a hite mulberry-trees, 
 the fruit o£ which is nor to com- 
 pare with thofe of England, tho' 
 the Ictvcs arc the bcft food for the 
 filk-worms. Olives Hourilh here 
 in the greateft perfeOion ; and fo 
 do oranges, efpeciaily in the S. 
 part of th« province, where an 
 orange-tree has been kno\vt>, in 
 fcven years, to rife 1 5 feet from 
 the root to the branches. The 
 chief timber-trees arc, pines in a- 
 bundance, fix or feven fpccies of 
 ouks, hiccory, black walnut, ce- 
 dar, white and black cyprefs, 
 whifc and red laurcJs, bays, myr- 
 tle, of whofe berries they make 
 candles; faflafras, an infufion of 
 which makes good drink ; beech 
 trees, and many others which have 
 no particular name. In fome places 
 here the land is as good as any in 
 England, were there but hands 
 enough to cultivate it. 
 
 This country affi)rd$ a great 
 deal of wild game, patticularty in 
 winter, from Nov. to March, fucb 
 as wild gcefe, ducks, teals, and 
 widgeons, wild tuikeys from 10 
 to jc pounds weight, turtle-doves 
 in abundance, curlews, fand- birds, 
 woodcocks, and partridges, but 
 much fmaller than in England ; 
 dwr, a creature between a rabbit 
 and a hare, which is very good 
 eating : and, when it is very cold 
 weather in the Northern parts ©f 
 Amciica, here are vaft Bights of 
 wild pigsons, which are very eafy 
 to (boot. The chief game here in 
 the fummer feafoa is de.r and 
 ducks. Here arc many tygers, 
 but fmall; and bears, the flelh of 
 whofe cubs eatj like that of young 
 pigs. Here are wild cattle, and 
 wolves, that often rnn away with 
 •he calves of the tame ones. In 
 the woodsare abundance of fnakes, 
 but none venomons, except the 
 rattle-fnake. In the rivers are 
 abundance of ftarks and alHga- 
 lors. Here is plenty of ftfti. With 
 regard to Ihell-filh, here are oyflers 
 innumerable^ but aot fo goo4 as 
 
 GEO 
 
 the F.ngliO,, cr^h,, clams, nrirdc*, 
 conchs, and very large prawns. 
 
 Of all manufatflurcs, none fcems 
 fo prafticable, and withal fo be- 
 neficial here, as the railing of fjlk, 
 the foil of Georgia being extreme- 
 ly proper for the culture of mul- 
 berry, trees, and the climate no 
 lefs agreeable to frik- worms. The 
 principal rivers are the Savannah, 
 Altaniaha or George, and St. Ma- 
 ry's, in Georgia, the laf! dlvidinij 
 h from Florida ; and its chief 
 haibours 9re the mouthf of the 
 rivers Savannah and Altamaha. 
 
 The following account of the 
 exports for twenty-three yiars 
 *ew5 the progrcfs of the trade of 
 the province : In the firft column 
 IS the year, the fecond contains 
 the number of velTels cleared, and 
 the thud the value in fterling mo- 
 ney of the exports in each year : 
 
 »7S0 
 
 J75I 
 
 1752 
 
 »75S 
 
 »754 
 
 >75S 
 1756 
 
 »7S7 
 1758 
 
 '759 
 1760 
 
 1761 
 1762 
 1763 
 1764 
 1765 
 1766 
 1767 
 1768 
 1769 
 1770 
 
 »77» 
 '77i 
 
 Of the exports in 1772 abont 
 20,oool. was from Sunbury, and 
 the rdt from Savannah. 
 
 The number of white inhabi- 
 tants is very uncertain. The num- 
 ber of negroes and other fjaye« ig 
 foppofed to be 14,000 ; that of 
 free negiocs, mnlattocs, 5cc. very 
 iACoali4crable» 
 
 g 
 
 2C04' 
 
 11 
 
 3810 
 
 »7 
 
 4841 
 
 a 3 
 
 6403 
 
 4» 
 
 9507 
 
 5a 
 
 »5.74+ 
 
 42 
 
 16,766 
 
 44 
 
 ^SM9 
 
 21 
 
 8613 
 
 48 
 
 12.694 
 
 37 
 
 20,852 
 
 45 
 
 15,870 
 
 57 
 
 27,021 
 
 92 
 
 47,55 » 
 
 115 
 
 S5.«»5 
 
 148 
 
 73,4*6 
 
 »54 
 
 81,228 
 
 »54 
 
 67,09* 
 
 186 
 
 02,284 
 
 181 
 
 86,480 
 
 186 
 
 99,383 
 
 185 
 
 106,387 
 
 217 
 
 121,677 
 
G E R 
 
 Tlic fum granted in 1773, to 
 oefrjy the sxpencci of govern- 
 ment for the three picceding yearn, 
 W" -ji;!!. 158. io|d,; to raife 
 which, ev<rry too jcrcj of laud, 
 and cvciy flavc, was taxed a«. 6J. 
 goods imported, 7s. 6d. per cent, 
 which are the principaj ariitles; 
 ©ihcr fmallcr articles were taxed 
 II) proportion. 
 
 The principal town of Georgia 
 M Savannah ; w hich fee. 
 
 G«oRo* Town Dtftria, in S. 
 Carolina, incJudes all places be- 
 tween Santce river, the fca, and 
 . thehne which divides the p«ri(hcs 
 of St M>rk aad Prince Freacrick, 
 which is continued in thfl fame 
 courfe acrofs Pedee river to the 
 N. Carolina boundary. 
 ^ Gkorgi Town, 'a fca-poit 
 in the above di(iri^, at the 
 nioiith of the Pedtc river, and 
 has a good harbour of its own 
 nami, where rcHdcs a colicdVor. 
 «c. to receive the duties j at the 
 month of which is Craven Ifland. 
 
 St. G£o RGB's To w N, a 
 town in Newcaftic county, Dela- 
 war, Pcnfylvania, 9 miles N. of 
 Noxan, and 10 S. W. of New- 
 caflJe, 
 
 St. Gjorge's Town, the 
 
 , capital of the ifland of Granada, 
 
 in the Weft Jndies. I, began ,0 
 
 be conftrucfted ftncc the peace of 
 
 1762, and was defiroycd in 
 
 »77i, by a dreadful fire, and on 
 Nov. I. ,775, agajn f^^^^^j ^^^ 
 
 like misfortune, when, as the 
 . oufes, which were become very 
 numerous, were built moflly of 
 wood they were all dcfl roved, to 
 l^e lofs of above 5oo,ccol. 
 
 St. George's Rivbr, ;„ ,he 
 county of Lincoln, in the pro- 
 vince of New Hampfbire, New- 
 England. It is 2 le^yes S. W. 
 from Penohfcot-Bay, and is a 
 iPile svide at the mouth, on which 
 is a fort of the fame name, 2 milrs 
 above which the navigation is 
 obftrufted by feveral falls. 
 
 ,, ^/ Itf^, ^*'.^^' •" 'he coun- 
 ty of Philadelphia, 4od pjQvince 
 
 G O Y 
 
 of Pcnfylvania, is the moft ecm. 
 fiderahle olacc, next to the city of 
 Pliiladelphia, in all this country 
 and is a corporation, confiding pf 
 High and J.ow Dutch : in it are 
 between 2 and 300 houfes: peach- 
 trees are planted all along before 
 the doors; and the town is very 
 pieafant, and well cleared from 
 «rcea : 5 miles N. from Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 GiNGEa Island, ore of the 
 fmallcr Virgin Ifies, fituatcd be- 
 tueen the Round Reckon the N. 
 and Cooper's Ifle on the S. be- 
 tween which if the King'sChanncI, 
 Long. 6z, 55. J«t. 18, 5. 
 
 GtAssiNBi/iiy, a town in 
 Hertford county, Connc^icut, 
 about 1 mile E. of the Conne<f)i. 
 cut river, 4 miles S. E. of Wc- 
 therfifld, and 8 miles N. E. of 
 Hadham. 
 
 Gloc£stk», a covnty and 
 town in W. Jcrfcy, not above 4 
 miles from Philadelphia, on the 
 river Dclawar. 
 
 Glocester, a maritime town 
 in the countyof Eflex, MafTachu- 
 fcts-Bay, New Eng/and. It is 
 fiiuated on the ifthmos of ibe 
 peninfula that forms Cape Ann. 
 
 Glocister, a maritime 
 tow^n in Glocefler county, Vir- 
 ginia, on a point of land the N. 
 fide of York River, which is de- 
 fended by a fort oppofite Yorlt 
 city. 
 
 ^o^D R»VEa, according to 
 Wafer, lies to the foutbward of 
 the river Santa Maria, in the 
 Terra Firma, or Ifthmus of Da- 
 ncn, affording goL^duft in great 
 plenty j whence k has obtained 
 Us name. 
 
 Go sTiN, a village in the 
 county of Orange, and provii>ce 
 Of New York. It is fruitful in 
 cattle, cheefe, pafturc, and butter. 
 Near it are woods of white ccd« 
 and black walnut-trees. 
 
 GoYoGooiK, the third can- 
 ton f)f-Nov9 S^-AMo I I : 
 
 New York to the weftward ; and 
 l»W«e, with thoifi Qi 0ija€j9utl), 
 
G O Y 
 
 Onantagne, and Tfonnoofhonan, 
 following each oihcr in order, aie 
 cilleJ the Upper Cantons, uiilcf* 
 thry have been fo denominated 
 from meeting with them in the 
 arrangement a» one goes up the 
 river of St. Laurence, and the 
 hke Ontario, through which that 
 river runs. Thi« canton of 
 Goyogouin furpaflesall the others 
 in the gooJucfj of the foil, and 
 millners of the climate : and the 
 inhjhitanis appear ihe moft trac- 
 table amongft all the Iroquois. 
 
 Over the whole extent of thefc 
 five ctntons, our European fruif- 
 trccs may be cultivated with fuc- 
 cefs : fevcral grow of ihemfclvcs 
 ihae without culture ; an] oiherJ 
 aic 10 he found there which are 
 unknown to us. The forcfls in 
 ihii'c parts abounil witl. chefnue 
 and fiilitTt-trcts of all fori? : the 
 one bears a fruit which is quire 
 mild, and the othtr very bitter : 
 but pafTIng them thiongh afhes, a 
 ffO)d oil is cxtra<J>ed from them 
 by nieans of a mill, fire, and wa- 
 ter, in the fame manner as we do 
 from liiifeed. In feveral places 
 are cherries without kernels, very 
 I Rood to eat ; alfo a tree, the 
 bloOjm of which refemblcs our 
 whi:e lilly, and its fruit of the 
 flie and colour of an apricot, 
 with the taQc and fmcil of a 
 citron. 
 
 Here is alfo a wild citron tree, 
 which is very fmall : its fruit, of 
 the magnitude of a china-oran(»p 
 IS very agrecab'.c to the taf^e, a*nd 
 very refiediing : it ifTnes from the 
 middle of two leaves, which are 
 ■>( the form of a heart ; but the 
 root of this plant is poifon. Here 
 
 aicapple-trees,theappIeson which 
 are of the figure of a goofe-eTg 
 and the feed a kind of bean : tTis 
 frim is fweet-fcented, and very 
 delicioHs : it is a dwarf-tree whicii 
 requires a rich and moift foil : the 
 Iroquois have brought h from the 
 coimtry of the iiriez. Ihefc dif- 
 irias have a great many roots 
 which arc fit for dying, and fomc 
 
 G R A 
 
 of ihem give « very lively colour. 
 See Iroquo's. 
 
 GovooouiNs, Bay or, in 
 Nova Sec ia, liei lo leagues from 
 the river of Onnontague. All the 
 coall in this fp.ice if intermixc4l 
 with marfhes and high grounds a 
 little fandy, covered with very 
 fine trees, efpctially oak. A pe- 
 nlnfula well-wooded flreichcs out 
 to the middle of a bay, and forms 
 a kind of theatre. On the left 
 hand, at entering it, one per- 
 ceives in a corner a little ifland, 
 which hides the mouth of a river, 
 hy which the Goyogouins go 
 down into the lake. 
 
 Gr.icias a Digs, a town 
 belonging to the province of Hon - 
 duras, or Comaiagua, and au- 
 dicncv: .f Guatimila. It i$ fi[uat- 
 ed n thr ironih of a river upon a 
 rocky tiioiintain, which has foiuc 
 gold mines in its neighbourhood; 
 and it was built the (aipe year as 
 VHliidolid the capital, from which 
 It lies about 27 leagues to the W, 
 for the fccurity of the miners. 
 .Granada, Island or, or 
 G R e M A D a, one of the Caribbcc 
 Iflandf. It is fituated in latitude 
 12., 10. and longitude 43, 40, 
 aboi.t 20 leagues N. W. of To- 
 'ingo, and 20 N. of New-Anda- 
 
 liifia, on the continent of Ame- 
 rica, to which this is the ncarefl 
 of all the French iHands in tho 
 Antilles, 30 leagues S. W. of 
 Barbadocs, and 70 from Marti- 
 nico. Irs extent from N. to S, 
 being 9 leagues in length, and 5 
 where broaJeft, it is twice as 
 I^rge as St. Chrirtophcr's, and 
 about 24 leagues in c jmpafs. 
 
 This illand, has a chain of 
 mountains, fomc of which are very 
 high, crofles it from N. to S. It 
 enjoys a good air; and'h^s a 
 fjil (o fmitfnl, that all the trees 
 upon it, boih for fiuit and tim- 
 ber, are better, ftraighter, taller, 
 and l3r<Ter. than thofe in the 
 neighbouring iflands, the cocoa- 
 tree excepted, which does not 
 grow fo high here as in the other 
 
G R A 
 
 nelghbouting ifland*. The moft 
 rtmarkahic tree in thii UVuid ii 
 the I.Htin.trce, which, h«i a till 
 Irunli; mj, infteal of houghi, 
 br«r» leaves, like fan«, in long 
 ftalk», which, growing to^jethcrin 
 liundlri, ffive for (he roofs of 
 honfei. Flere are fah-piix, and 
 plenty of armadillos, whofc flclh 
 IS at flood at mutton, and ii ihe 
 rrinclpal food of the inhabitatils, 
 Dtfidca torcoifci and lamantins. 
 The coafl has abundance of fine 
 valliei, watPied with food r'veis, 
 mod of whic!i ifTiic from a lake at 
 the top ofliigh monntaini in the 
 nu<ldic of the ifland : and one of 
 thfm runs inio the fca on the 
 S. W. where the fhore is low, 
 with good anchor.igc at the dif. 
 tancc of la leagues 5 but an ex- 
 ceeding ilrong current, which 
 both clii)s and flowi in a few 
 hours. Round the ifland arc k- 
 vcrat little bays and harbours, 
 which fervc for mooring of Ihips, 
 and landing of goods, and fomc 
 •of the hnrbonrs arc fortified. 'I he 
 whole E, coaft is very fafe clofe 
 by the Ihore, and the ifland is not 
 fuhjfft to hurricanes. In fliort, 
 the foil Is capable of produr.ing 
 til the commodities of the cli- 
 inate. Its particuUr articles, be- 
 fidcj cattle and wi'd fowl, are 
 fugar, ginger, indigo, and to- 
 bacco, with millet and pcafe. 
 Along the fliorc run mountains, 
 and alfoabot.t the harbour, where 
 the habitations are ; but all the 
 reft is a very fine country; and 
 here is good travelling either for 
 horffs or carriages. 
 
 Its principal port, calkd Fot 
 Royal, flan(?s in the nivlH.c of • 
 large bay on the S. \. . .;„. of tiic 
 ifland, having a fandy bottom, 
 where 25 fliips of the line may 
 r\Ac fecurc from (forms ; and the 
 harbour will contain 100 (hips of 
 icoo tons, moored. Near the har- 
 bour is alarpe round bafon, parted 
 from it by a fand-bank, whi.h. 
 if ttir, woiiid hold a vaft number 
 oi vcflcls ! by rcafon of this bank 
 
 G R A 
 
 large fliips are obliged to pjli 
 within 80 paces of jne of the tvio 
 little mountains at the mouth of 
 the harbour, and about lulf 1 
 mile afunder. Upon one of thcfe 
 a French engineer treOed a lort, 
 With a lulr-nioon in »ront, hdJ 
 other regular work«, all of good 
 ftone. 
 
 The Dominicans have a fettle- 
 ment 4 leagues NT. of the fort, 
 which it upwards of a mile iil 
 breadth 1 through the middle of 
 it runs a large river, . I)oun(liiig 
 with eelSj muK'ts, and cn^ Hlli j 
 a« (he adjacent !:oun.iiej do wiili 
 partridges, woud - |vi,cotis, orio- 
 lans, llrudies, parrots, &c. TIk 
 peopir ' , I .• arc fubjcrt to ohdi- 
 naic fcveis, which turn fomitimti 
 to a diopfy. — One third of the 
 ifl-nd ii not rulfivafcd; and ih' 
 a i;reat part <if tl is (pace is taken 
 up by moHntaiiti incapable of 
 being ploughed, ytt many plart! 
 remain to be cultivated by inJuf. 
 try: however, the whole ej«prrisof 
 Granada in 1770 m ere more than 
 506,000 1, flcrling. Before the 
 y'-ar 1763, this was a ncutrii 
 idand, when the Englifli became 
 pofleflid of it by the peace. In 
 1751 this ifland received a very 
 conliderable lofs by a f.re at St. 
 George's town, the capital of the 
 ifland, which it had fcarcely r<. 
 covered bifcre another happciifd, 
 Nov. I. 1775, which burnt down 
 the whole town, and the lofs w«i 
 eftimated at above foo.ccol. Laf. 
 12, ai. long. 6i, 36. 
 
 Granada, Nkw, a province 
 of Terra Firma. It borders on 
 Cartha-jm and St. Martha's on 
 the N. v'cnczula on the E. Po- 
 payan on the S. and Darien on 
 the VV. Its length is reckoned 
 to be 130 Jeagiics, or 390 milts, 
 and its breadth about 30 leagues, 
 or 90 miles. It is furrounded 
 wiih favage nations, who inhabit 
 a very hot country; though New 
 Granada, pendraliy fneakin". is 
 cold, or at leaft temperate. 
 The natives uic maiie,^ or th« 
 
I tre obliged to pali 
 pact! of vjneof ilic tvio 
 itains at the moiitli of 
 ir, ami ahoin lulf a 
 fr. Upon one of thtfe 
 nglneci rreOfd a fort, 
 f-moon in ivoiit, hdJ 
 ar work.', aJl of good 
 
 itinirant have a fettle- 
 iguci Nf, of the for; 
 ipwardi of a mile in 
 hrouj-h the middle of 
 urge river, . Imunding 
 iDul'-ts, and cn^Hfli ; 
 rent couii'.iiet do uidi 
 
 wood-r'';:cotis, ono- 
 lies, p.iriot*, &c. 'J Ik 
 • lie fubjcd to olidi- 
 
 which turn fomitimcj 
 >. — Oric third of the 
 »t rultivafcd; and ih' 
 
 'if tl is (pace is tak'ii 
 wntaiiis incipablc of 
 jlied, ytt many place! 
 ic cultivated by inJuf. 
 rr, ihcwhoIecKpcrisof 
 
 1770 M ere more than 
 
 flcrling. Before the 
 
 this wai a ncutril 
 
 n the Englifh became 
 
 it by the peace. In 
 fland received a very 
 ■ lofs by a f.re at St, 
 wn, the capital of the 
 ch it had fcarcely re* 
 ere another harpcncd, 
 '5, which burnt down 
 3wn, and the loft wii 
 above foo.ccol. Laf, 
 g. 6i. 36. 
 
 3A, Nkw, a province 
 irma. It borders on 
 
 and St. Martha's on 
 ezula on the E. Po- 
 he S. and Darien on 
 i length is reckoned 
 :agues, or 390 milts, 
 dth about 30 leagues, 
 s. It is Turrounded 
 nations, who inhabit 
 ountry ; though New 
 
 CJ R A 
 
 c.ff:.varoot fn(lr,d of bread.^ 
 ..y have plenty of fal,. which 
 iliey fell to great profit in the 
 nrnrhhoiirinn -.....„-_■ . "" 
 
 OR A 
 
 • Li. . «^"» I'lont in the 
 nc.ghbot,rfrM{ cuntries P»rticu! 
 My thofl- fTtnated in the moun- 
 
 ...Matid along the river MaJ. 
 
 Wena f; v have ftore of game, 
 il '-"" -ncf r vm abonnj with 
 fi'h. The native, are taJJ, and 
 7": '''-"^Jf ,^1'i'c. or variegated 
 clO;ik., which they tie round the 
 "•>'/» with a f.fh. Thcv adorn 
 >Wr head, with a.ingsXinu; 
 
 todon. fhc country abounds 
 wiih gold and filver mines anH 
 »'heyluvefbreofh^7e; nd 
 
 .t'ounds with pafiure^'ihrZl 
 
 tZ ^'""' """^ '''^'*«^'' vvith 
 
 .Granada, a city in the pro- 
 
 v.nreoNicarag„,/and audience 
 ofGuat.m.la. in OM Mexico, oJ 
 S (;u''T*, ^/i»fit"atedon'thc 
 ft. lide of the lake of Niciragua 
 " miles S. E. of Leon ; vvlere 
 
 'he>pan,ards have mills for the 
 n;f"g of nigar, canes abour d 
 
 i\r ',^V,"=''S^^<>"'-hood. t 
 '^ 'Jf ended by « cn.lle. is more 
 P0P"lH.s and better built Thl 
 
 r7^''«^- -U'r^G- 
 I^^A as the merchants of G a. 
 
 mnctbythcway of Caithagena. 
 h>.s town was taken in ibfo Uy 
 -ch and E„„,ifh f,eeboo^, y 
 
 ^S^r^ing^:-:^^ 
 
 I'-le fide of Nicaragua hke U 1 
 
 s^'^^^^/f"°-'^'^''-^^f::: 
 
 I 'safrigh:fu| hill, beinj clef 
 |,<lo*nalmof}fron, ,h. JlL^'.u. 
 
 "'''• ^'«««Ja iies 5, miles 
 
 W« from the city of lVT«.i.l,.« 
 I'-'^n.ze. long.V.^''''^°• 
 Jli^'*/ ''not 'of da;?er„fu 
 Hlandi and rocki n«r ,1,. t 
 
 ward rflands. where ,h« '''Z 
 
 U league*, contains a, in.„,|, 
 fi to produce cotton, coVce n' 
 d'go.and even Aigar Th; a"; 
 '« Why. but ther^e .re no r.'n- 
 ""OR fprm;?, of frefh water. The 
 mof^ conhderable at the N.Tnl 
 Of 'he chain is not above a 
 eagues from St. Vincent, Z U 
 caleclBecouya orBequla.'butthe 
 ocuucs this, there ar* •>.. :n 1 
 
 f^ c ifland, and Union ifland, a « 
 Between Becouya and Cariau co"! 
 
 Round ifland, are the two prinl 
 c.pa ones among thofe whicRfi'l 
 up "he interval between Cariaua 
 con and Granada. ^"laua, 
 
 Granville County rh« • 
 
 moft f.uthein fubdividon o'f s! 
 Carolinu, of which the other , 
 nre Co leton, Berkley, and Cra? 
 v^n. It is fituated along the H. 
 vcr Savannah, and rtckTuial .hc 
 
 nioft convenient and fruitful part 
 of all Carolina. Here a colon* 
 o Scois fettJed under Lord Car! 
 drofs, but were oblirod to ouit 
 Uforfearofthesp^nj,;^"^^ 
 
 nN.1 /."""""y C'^'Uinued un. 
 nhabited by any Europeans till 
 
 Pury, a gentleman of Ncuf- 
 Chattel, in Switzerland, bcW 
 encouraged by the Gov^rnmi"? 
 both m Kngfand and Carobn" 
 undertook to fettle a company of 
 Swifs there: and accordinJlv L, 
 
 foil, f ^"^ y"""' ^''^ «•'« 'oon 
 fol owed by a great many more ; 
 
 fv) that lu a very little time the 
 
G R E 
 
 colony confirtfJ of above 3C0 
 |)*T('>n». They fcli'cd on «hc 
 nonliciii bank of ilic river K«- 
 vnnnali, where ihcy built a town, 
 wliich they c«)Icd I'urry(burj;h, 
 about 36 n\i\t* above ihe mouth 
 of the river. The fu'.c which 
 M. Piirry ^liirhcd on i» in lut. 
 }a, ao. on a fpot of ground I'or- 
 merly called (he great YaniaCcc- 
 Uiufl. 
 
 In the county of Granville is 
 the rivcj May. which joining with 
 the river Cambage, forniii, toge- 
 ther tviih ;he feu, the ifland of 
 J'.aelano. t he country lying up- 
 on the b:tnk» of the May was 
 formerly iobibiicil by an Indian 
 ration called the Vc(toc!«. In it 
 alfo is a rlculant lake, and de> 
 %htful vallcY. Pori-Roy.il river 
 lies about 15 n>iles to tJte norih- 
 WAuls of the rivrr May : it has 
 ■ lilold entrance, and 17 feet in 
 depth on the bar at low water. 
 The harbour is large, commo 
 dlous, and fafr for Hupping ; and 
 !" runs up into a fine fruitful 
 country, preferable to any other 
 parts of Carolina. It fnends it- 
 Iclf, by various branches, into 
 t.thtr large rivers. Tills port lies 
 not above 180 inilcs from St. Au- 
 gudine. 
 
 GSAKVII.I.F. Coi'NTY, in 
 the diftri£\ of Hillllwrougli, in 
 N. Carolina, rnd is one ot the 
 mort N. fuUdivirions of the pro- 
 \iiiee. it is div'ded from Vir- 
 ginia in fome pans by the river 
 KoHuokc, by wl'ich it has com- 
 ninnication widi (he fea. 
 
 (iRATiAs A Dios, or Gra- 
 riAS A Dios, the nanieCoKiiT- 
 bus gave to « c.\pe o( Hcndiirn<i, 
 in Mexico, upon his meeting with 
 a fav<)urable wind. It is fi uittd 
 in lat. 14, :i6. bnp. 8;, 12. 
 
 G R V »• N Islam:*, or ii ft pent 
 jCand^ one of the Icdtr Virgin 
 Jfle<, which is clalnud by the 
 Kpaniards. and fituaied near the 
 F. en«l of Torto Rico. 
 
 ti a K K N w I c H , a tow n in Green- 
 with towuUiip, Rhode llland, on 
 
 G U A 
 
 tlic W. bank of Narraganfct-bjy, 
 oppofite which is Hope Ifland. 
 
 G a n N w I c H , a tow n in V'cft 
 Jerfey, in Cumberland county, 
 15 miles S. W, from .Salem, and 
 34 S. of I'hiladclphia, about 4 
 miles from the Delawar river. 
 
 (jRlKNwicH, a town at ilie 
 W. extremity of Fairfield county, 
 Connecticut, 3 miles W. from 
 Rye, and n K. from Stiimfcid, 
 on the road of I.ong-Ifljnd Sound, 
 oiTwhieh lie Patrick's Ideii. 
 
 (iXKNAOA. Sec Cr/iHuda, 
 
 (iaisoN, one of the fmallcr 
 Granadillas Ulands. It is (iiu. 
 ated between Diamond illo and 
 Caiiju;»coii. It is not inhabited, 
 having no freft) water. 
 
 Groton, a town in Midi'.le- 
 felt county, MiilLchufefs - B.iy, 
 about 2,4 miles N. W. from Cam- 
 bridge, at the head of a brancli 
 of the river Mcrimack, in the 
 
 freat r)ad to Pcttrfbiirg, in New 
 lampflj-re. 
 Grotos, in New London 
 county, Connecticut, New Ki^g* 
 lund, about 1 miles E. cf the 
 river Thames, and the Time N, 
 of the fea-coaO, ofi° which lies 
 Finicr's Ifland. 
 
 G u A n A t A X A R A , me of the 
 three ditlrifis, govirnmcnts, or 
 courts of audicnco, into which 
 Old Mexico, or New Spain, is 
 divided : the other two arc Mex- 
 ico and {tuatin).dii. This au- 
 dience is alio called the kinjjHom 
 of New Gdllic'a. It lies ilu' tiir- 
 thell to the N. of the three an- 
 dicnces of New !spain, tltoiiph 
 fituuted on the co3(\ of tiic >So(!rh 
 Sea. Its extent is between lit, 
 ao and 1^. On the ¥.. and S. 
 it is b')undcd by Panuco, with 
 lifveral provinces of the audience 
 of Mexico ; on the N. by the 
 kingdom of New Mexico; and 
 on the W. it is wuflied by the 
 South Sea and the Gulph of C«- 
 lifornia, on the coaftof which bft 
 it ll retches above aoo ieigurj 
 from S. E. to N. W. but wiihin 
 bud U is very irregular, and t)ie 
 
 K. pAI't, ( 
 
 n)*; yet 
 I reckoned 
 Its din 
 I cording ti 
 
 pirtly in 
 J partly in t 
 lit much m 
 pthrr p-'rt 
 jthegv-neral 
 
 fo thit it 
 I to live her 
 I hut ills mi 
 
 of cxpoling 
 i>> be inter 
 If tlicy vci 
 fiiiall vcfl«! 
 gird to the 
 pretty fruit 
 Kiiropcaii s 
 pleritirully, 
 » hundred- 
 th hundrc( 
 ftn'yecl by I 
 brrs of pyci 
 Mws, as th{ 
 In this cou 
 fniits, herb 
 thin thofc i 
 fii,i;.ir-c3nc$, 
 fjid to be v 
 piftures aboi 
 |cittle} and 
 nifon, pine 
 they are inf< 
 |fcoipions. I 
 pepper, whi 
 Igreen Hones. 
 Jpecific agair 
 Ignpt flowers, 
 kidi Qines of 
 
J A 
 
 Narraganfct-luy, 
 t Mope I (land. 
 I, • town in Weft 
 iberUnd coMniy, 
 from Salem, and 
 dclpliia, about 4 
 )claw«r river. 
 fi, a town at ilie 
 Faiifirld county, 
 milci W. from 
 from S til m foul, 
 ng-IUjnd hound, 
 rick's J nc». 
 Sec Crnncida, 
 '. Ok the fmallcr 
 tid«. It is (iiu. 
 iamond iHo and 
 is not inhabited, 
 vater. 
 
 own in Middle- 
 iniichufets - B.iy, 
 ^ \V. from Cani- 
 rad of a hrancli 
 :rinvick, in the 
 crfl)iirg, in New 
 
 « New London 
 icut, New hng. 
 nilcs E. cf the 
 nd the Time N, 
 off' which lies 
 
 . R A , rne of the 
 »ovirnmc«ts, or 
 CO, into which 
 
 New Spain, is 
 cr two are Mex- 
 .)la. This au« 
 ed the kinjifiom 
 
 It lies ilif tiir. 
 »f the three an- 
 
 Spain, tltougli 
 mO of tiic >So\!th 
 is between lif, 
 
 the ¥.. and S. 
 I' I'anuco, wilh 
 of I he audience 
 the N. by the 
 I' Mexico ; and 
 
 waflied by the 
 le Gnlph of C«- 
 >aftof which Lift 
 •e aoo lcigu:j 
 
 W. but wiihin 
 •cgular, andtjie 
 
 G U A 
 
 N. p.ut, efpec'ally, ii very n«r- 
 fn«; yet in Tome pbcei it ii 
 terkuned 500 miles broad. 
 
 Its climate dlfTert much, «c- 
 cnrdinj to its fituation, being 
 pirtly in the Temperate, and 
 partly in the Torrid Zone 1 yet it 
 u much more temperate than any 
 other pnrt of New Spain ; and in 
 the general it is reckoned healthy ; 
 fi) thit it it common for people 
 to live here to 100 years of age : 
 but iiii much infcHcd with gnats, 
 bogs, and other vermin. The 
 foil is moftly mountainous and 
 wwdy. fo that the coall lonks 
 like a deCcrt. It is faid, that the 
 .Spaniards have quite forfaken the 
 cwO on purpofc, that, if ftranj^ffrs 
 fhoufd land, they may not find 
 my temptation to rtay, bccaufe, 
 bclideii the filver mines ic tnis 
 jpiovince, fomeof gold have been 
 llittly difcovercd, which arc of 
 vety great value s and they chufc 
 to ttHiUport the ore on mules to 
 Moxico, rather than run the rifk 
 of cxpoliiig Co valuable a prodiift 
 i>) be intercepted by f"oreigners, 
 if tlicy ventured to fend tt in 
 fiuall vcflbls by fca. With re- 
 gard to the reft, the country is 
 pretty fruitful; and it produces 
 Hiiropcati and Indian gnin fo 
 plentirolly. that th'; lattrt yields 
 » litin<lr«l-fold, and the other 
 |t«o hundreds but it is often dc- 
 ftixyed by loculis, and vafi num. 
 btrs of pycs no lirger than ipar- 
 rott's, as their olives are by ants. 
 In this country arc ail forts of 
 fniiis, herbs, and roots, better 
 flun thofc in Europe ; plenty of 
 %ir-C3ne$, cochinc.-.l, and bees 
 iJid to be without ftin^s. The 
 pifturcs abound with all forts of 
 cittlej and the woods wiih ve- 
 niron, pine and oak trees; yet 
 they arc infcfted by wolvos and 
 fcoipions. Here is a medicinal 
 Ipepper, which cures all fores: 
 green (lones. alfo- faid tn he a 
 jpccific againft the gravel, Vra" 
 grant flowers, rJuablc drugs, and 
 ridiqjincsof liha, copper, and 
 
 G U A 
 
 lead. On the coaft alfo is « good 
 pearl-fiajcry. The natives ar« 
 fubtic, treacherous, and lazy t 
 they arc armed with bows and 
 arrows; and often attack the 
 Spaniards from the woods, ex- 
 cept when the Spanlrti officers are 
 in c »njiinftion with their cnclquei 
 in the government, liie better 
 fort of Spaniards live here by 
 trade, ancl arc matters of the 
 filver-mines i the other* follow- 
 ing tillage and grafmg. 
 
 Such of the natives as pretend 
 to be civilized, are very indolent 
 and lazy, and will not work but 
 for great wages. Their apparel 
 is a fliirt, and fquare cloak of cot- 
 ton, faficncd with two buttona 
 before: they have drawers and 
 coverlids of the fame, and lie 
 upon Rdf^fi and matts made of 
 thefe : they wear green (tones 
 and Iheils about their necks, 
 arms and legs. Their chief re- 
 creation is dancing to the found 
 of a hollow flick. Horfc-fleftj, 
 and maize-cakes, are thcit' prin. 
 cipal and nioft delicious dainties ; 
 and chocolate and magney-wine) 
 their favourite liquors. 
 
 This audience of Guadalaxart 
 Is fubdivided into the following 
 fcven provinces, as they lie front 
 S. to N. namely, Guadalaxart ' 
 Proper, Xalifco, Chiamctlan, Za- 
 cateens. New Bifcay, Culliacan, 
 and Cinaloa; all which fee. 
 
 GUADALAXARA PROPER, 
 
 which is the principal province 
 and gives name to the whole au- 
 dience, is bounded on the K. and 
 S, by the province of Mcchoacan; 
 the N. by that of Xalifco; apd 
 
 on 
 
 a corner of it waflied by the P4.. 
 cific Ocean on the W. Notwith- 
 ftanding its fituation under the 
 Torrid Zone, it 'n healthy, tem- 
 perate, and fruitful; producing 
 not only good timber, but liurot 
 pean and Indian wheat in great 
 plenty, 2nd all thr fruitj. found in 
 both countries ; befides the vaft 
 treafures of (ilvcr commonly takci» 
 out of its mines. It is not dbovc 
 
G U A 
 
 20 leagues either w length or 
 readtm 
 CVADAI.AXAIIA, a cttf of 
 Mexico, and capital of the la(l 
 mentioned province, bearing its 
 name, or of Kew Gallicia. It is 
 the head of the audience, the 
 feat of the royal courts of jiiftice, 
 and a bifhop's fee oif a confidera- 
 ble revenue, which is a fufTragan 
 to Mexico^ It is a large, popu- 
 lous, and neat city, (landing very 
 pieafantly on the banks of the 
 river Baranja, or Eiquitlan, which 
 ifl'ues from the lake of Mechoa- 
 can, whence it goes with a rapid 
 Aream towards me N. W . and at 
 4 leagues from this city it has a 
 very high fall, after which it 
 liadens into the Parific Ocean, be* 
 Cween Xalifco andChiametlan. It 
 is no where fordable ; fo thajt the 
 Spaniards crofs it 'w boats. The 
 lakeofChapala, which is£aid to be 
 40 leagues in circuit, ties on the 
 S. fide of this city« In this city 
 are feveral churches, befides its 
 flatcly catJnedra), and Tome con- 
 yen ts for both fi:xcf, Itisreckon- 
 cd to lie 262 miles W. of the 
 city of Mexico ; and ftands in a 
 plain which is not only watered 
 !>y the above-mentioned river, but 
 by feveral brooks and fprings 
 ihat make it productive of g;rcat 
 Aore both of corn and grafs. 
 About 5 leagues from it is a 
 mountain of a prodigious height, 
 and fo deep that no beafts of bur- 
 then can climb it ; and all the o- 
 ther mountains about it are crag- 
 gy, and full of large pine and oak 
 trees. It lies iii Uciiude 20,51. 
 long. loS, 20. 
 
 GuADALouPt, one of the 
 largell of all the Caribbees, in 
 tbat divifion of them called the 
 l^eeward I0ands. It is fituatcd 
 in the Atlantic Ocean. It was 
 fo called by the great Colum- 
 bus, who firft difcovercd it, from 
 the reA>!t>bU.ncc of its mountains 
 to thofe of that name in Old 
 Spain : the Caribbeans called it 
 Kaiukera, 01 Carriceura, As foon 
 
 G U A 
 
 M Clolumbus landed here, he and 
 his Spaniards were attacked by 1 
 Ibower of arrows, (hot by the 
 women on the ifland, who were 
 foon, however, difocrfed by hit 
 fire-arms i upon which his men 
 plundered and burnt their houfes, 
 or huts, where were found great 
 quantities of honey, wax, jron, 
 bows and arrows, cotton fpun and 
 unfpun, cotton-hammocks, and 
 looms for weaving ; together with 
 pompions, or a fort of pine-ap- 1 
 pies, madic, aloes, fandal, gin. 
 ger, frankincenfe, a fort of cin- 
 namon-trees, and various fruiii 
 and herbs different from ouri 
 The birds he faw here were large 
 parrots, partridges, turtles, and 
 nightingales; befides daws, he- 
 rons^ falcons, and kites. He 
 fountf the houfes here better and 
 fuller of provifions than anyie 
 bad fcen in ^hefe iflands. A 
 voyage made to Guadaloupe by 
 the Spaniards, in 1625, givejihe] 
 following account. The nalud 
 Barbarians of this, as well asthtj 
 other iflands, ufed to be very ira. 
 patient for the arrival of the I 
 Spanifli fjtets once a year : they 
 reckoned up their months h)\ 
 moons ; and when they thought 
 the time drawing near, prepared 
 fugar-canes, plantancs, tortoifcs, 
 and other provifions, in order to 
 barter with them for iron, knivw, 
 and haberdafliery - wares. Tin 
 Indians had round canoes iiU 
 troughs, painted with theEnglilli, 
 Dutch, and French arms ; thii 
 being then a common port for all 
 nations that faijed to Amelia 
 The hairbf the natives hungdownl 
 to the midde of their baclcs, andl 
 their faces were flaflicd and pinic 
 ed. They had thin plates dan- 
 glingat their nofes like hog-rings,L 
 and they fawned tike childrcif 
 upon the Spaniards. 
 
 It is upwards of 60 miles along,! 
 jmH shnitt |h£ fame breadtoi' 
 This ifland is 25 miles N. W.dl 
 Msrigalante; and it is reckondl 
 to be 65 miles U, of Marilniciii[ 
 
inded her«, he and 
 »ere attacked by i 
 
 his, as well as the 
 
 o » r I — 
 
 antanes, torCoifcs, 
 
 G U A 
 
 Till the year 1759, it wa« fubjcft 
 I to the French ; when Commo- 
 dore Moor ancj General Barring- 
 I ton entirely reduced it to the 
 obedience of Great Britain. Qua- 
 diloupe is the iareeA and one of 
 I the fined iftands which belonged 
 to the French in thofc parts ; be- 
 ing, near 60 leagues in circuit. 
 It is divided into iwo parts by a 
 channel not a league and a half 
 j long, and from 30 to 8 yards 
 I broad, called the Sall-riyer, na- 
 vigable for barks of 50 tons bur- 
 then ; which runj N. and S. and 
 communicates with the fea on 
 both fides, by a large bay at each 
 end, of which that on the N. is 
 called Grand Cul de Sac, and 
 that on the S. Petit Cul de Sac, 
 The E. part of the ifland is called 
 Grande Terre, and is about 19 
 leagues from Antigua point on 
 the N. W. to the point of Guada- 
 k)upe on the S, E. and about 9 
 leagues and \ in the middle, 
 where broadeft ; and about 50 
 leagues in circuit. The W. part, 
 which is properly Guadafoupe, is 
 fubdivided by a ridge of moon- 
 tains, into Cabei-terre on the W. 
 and Bafle-terre on the E. This 
 [ is 13 leagues and | from N. to 
 6. and 7 and ^ where broadefi : 
 and 35 leagues in circuit. Both 
 parts would be joined by an iflh- 
 mus a league and a | in breadth, 
 were it not cut through by the 
 Aid canal. The cold on thofc 
 rocks fufTers nothing to grow but 
 fern, and fome ufelefs trees co- 
 Ycred with mofs. Towards the 
 S. point at the fummit of them, 
 rifes {o high as to be loft out of 
 fight, in the middle region of the 
 «ir, a mountain called the Sulphur 
 Mountain, which exhales, out of 
 «n opening 100 feet wide, a thick 
 and black fmoke, mixed with 
 fparks, which are vifible in the 
 nighf. Out of thefe mountains 
 luna great many dreams that car- 
 ry ffuitfulnefs into the plains 
 which they water, and temper the 
 burning air of the climate. The 
 
 G u A 
 
 whole i0and is divided into if 
 
 rrifhes, 14 in Gutdaloupe, and 
 in Grand Terre, Grande Terre 
 is deliitute of frelh warer, and 25 
 leagues in compafs; both iflands 
 together about 60. The Sait-rivef 
 is about 50 toifes or 300 feet 
 over at its mcuth, towards the 
 Great Cul de Sac, from whence it 
 grows narrower j fo that in fome 
 places it is not above 90 feet ovtr'. 
 Its depth is likewife as unequal as 
 its breadth ; for in fome places it 
 will carry a (hip of 500 tons, and 
 in others hardly bear a veflcl of 
 50. It is a finooth, clear flream, 
 from the one Cul de Sac to the 
 other, and finely (haded, for the 
 moft part, with m^grovcs. 
 
 The air is very clear and healthy, 
 and not fo hot as in Martinico. 
 Heie is alfo plenty of water, and 
 as good as the foil is rich j which 
 laft is not inferior to that of Mar- 
 tinico. It is as well caltivatcd, 
 and fortified with e^ual ftrength. 
 Zts produce is the fame with tbaC 
 of Marnnico, and ks export of* 
 fugar is as great, befidcs ipdigp, 
 cotton, and thofc other cojnmo' 
 dities produced in all the iflands 
 of that part of America called the 
 Weft Indies, 
 
 The chief pioduft of the foil, 
 is cafTada, tobacco, caffia, ban- 
 nanas, pine-apples, ftore of rice, 
 maize, and potatoes. Some of (he 
 mountains are overgrown with 
 trees ; and at the foot of others 
 are large plains, watered by freJh 
 and fweet ftieams. Here are fe- 
 ves-al boiling hot fprings ; parti- 
 cularly one to the W. fide near 
 the ifland of Goyaves. The two 
 gulphs called the Culs de Sac, 
 abound with tortoifes, (harks, pi- 
 lots, and the other filh common 
 to thefe (eas : and here is abun- 
 dance of thofe called land-crabs, 
 with fwarms of muf^uitos and 
 gnats. 
 
 The forts of this ifland. are. 
 I. Fort Lewis in the Grande Ter- 
 re, on the E. fide of the bay 
 cilied Petit Cul de 3ac» It is too 
 I » 
 
GUA 
 
 Ugh to defend the yeiteh that an- 
 chor at the bottom of it; and 
 therefore they have ere^ed a re- 
 doubt below it, with a battery of 
 lix guns, which play into the 
 rodd. From tliis fort may be 
 fcen not only the greatcft pnii of 
 the C&bes-lerrc, and Grand Cul 
 de Sac, and many fmali iflands 
 in the Petit Cul, whh the iildnds 
 of Xaintcs, but alfo the moun* 
 tains of Dominica in clear wea- 
 ther. This fort lies in the pariHi 
 of Goliei, on the Grande Terre. 
 Certain abyfTcs are in the Grande 
 Tcrre, wiiich are great indentures 
 made in the land by the Tea, af- 
 fording (belter for vflFcIs, in very 
 deep water, from the huriicanes 
 or an enemy ; and where they 
 are moored to palmetto-trees on 
 each fule. 
 
 a. The G.eat Cul de Sac con- 
 tairts a bafon five or fix leagues in 
 length, from the point of Groflc 
 Morne, in the Baflc Terre, to that 
 of Antigua, in the Grande reirc. 
 It is alio nearly three leagues in 
 
 the broadcft part, and alt lead 
 one in the narrowed ; with fafe 
 riding for (hips of all rates, 
 
 3. The Petit Cul de Sac is a 
 populous, well cultivated, and 
 trading parilh, to the N. of that 
 of Goyaves : and both arc in the 
 Cibcs-tcrrc, on the E. lide of 
 Gauduloupe Proper. Here arc no 
 Icfs than eight rivers, befidcs near 
 as many brooks that run into the 
 fea in the fpace of four leagues, 
 betwixt the river of Coin, which 
 is to the W, of the Salt-liver, aud 
 the Brick-kiln tivir. 
 
 Ginger comes up cxi remcly w i II 
 in the E. part of Gaudaloupc 
 Proper, betwixt the Great Cul de 
 Sac and the river of Cabes-ierre; 
 and though ihe climate ot thcfe 
 iflands is very hot, the people cat 
 a vaO 4uantity of it, even when 
 grtcn. The Cabes-tcrre river, 
 called the Great river, is in fome 
 places I So feet wi<ie. Its water 
 is very clear; but almoflimpaflk- 
 bk by rcufoQ of numerous rocks. 
 
 GUA 
 
 The next river to the S. u i|,e 
 Grand Carbet, and a little further 
 is the Grand Bananiers, that ter- 
 minates the (Quarter called CjIkj- 
 terrc, which is by much tht fima 
 part of the ifland. For from ttii 
 river to the Grofs Morne, where 
 begins the Grand Cul, it is a very 
 even country, near ao leagues in 
 extent by the fea-fide ; which is 
 only a league in fome places, and 
 at mod but four from the moun- 
 tains. 
 
 The quarter of the Trois R[. 
 vicres on the S. E. fide is four 
 miles I road, with a g»)od foil for 
 fucar-canes, and fevcral confidcr- 
 able fcttlcmenis. They have hfre 
 at the S. end, what they c.il| ihc 
 Old Fort, for the fecuriiy of the 
 coaft, which is very even, hi 
 good anchorage, and fmooih wa- 
 tcr; where, (hoiild an enemy make 
 a defcent, and (oflcfs thcmltlvcs 
 of this part, they might ait iff 
 the con)munic<ition betwixt the 
 Cabes- terre and BafTc- tcire, and 
 fo make themfclves mafltrs of ihe 
 whole. In the lulphur nioim. 
 tains is a redoubt called Dai 
 d'Afn^, to which, upon a decent, 
 they fend their beft efiirts, wives, 
 children, &c. But the country 
 here is fo full of woods atid preci- 
 pices, that a handful of men might 
 keep off" an army. 
 
 The river of the Galleons rn 
 the S. W. fide, where is another 
 fort, is a confidcraMe river; and 
 when fordahle, the onl) pafTige 
 from the Cabes terre to tlic Balk- 
 terre. Here is excellent anchor- 
 age, but the water tafles of fiil- 
 pTiiir :ind vitriol, caufjng fluxc?. 
 The chief fort of the whole 
 ifl.uid is that at the town of Baire- 
 teire, two leagues N. from the 
 point of the old fort; which at 
 the fir ft pcopleing confified of 
 two confiderable towis, one clufe 
 by the rivei St. Louis, or the Ri- 
 viere des Peres, i. c. the Jacobite 
 Friars river; the other on both 
 fides of the Bailiff" river, whge 
 was at fir d a chapel, now tuiccd 
 
G U A 
 
 (0 • parochial church. But the 
 former having been carried away 
 twice l>y the inimdationt of the 
 river io hurricanes, the inhabi* 
 tanlj removed towards the fort, 
 where they built the town of Sr» 
 Louis, which is now the princi- 
 pal town of the idand, haying fe* 
 Tcrdl churches, moaalleries, &x. 
 and a caflle with four bulwarks, 
 bcfides a fort on & neighbouring 
 mountain t yet it has been ruined 
 more than onecr fn 1691 it was 
 btJrned by the Engtiib, together 
 witii Tome other forts; apd wheo 
 totirely rebuilt, it was carried away 
 by an inundation of the river 
 Bailiff, It was begun to be re- 
 boilt whi^ the Eitglifh bw-nt it 
 again in 1703, together with 
 Magdalen and other forts, A cone 
 /ideiable addition is planned to.bc 
 added to it, called JLe Bdurg, 
 which will make it the hanfomeft 
 of any it» the colony^ This fort 
 ftiuds upon higher ground than 
 the town r its walls are waflied on 
 ihc S. E. by tl)« river Galleons j 
 on the S. W, it faces the fea, be- 
 ing only 100 pcces from it; and 
 on the N, W, hde it looks towards 
 the town and th«moumains. The 
 mod confKierable part of the 
 t»wa is between the fort and the 
 river of Herb* ; and this is pro- 
 perly the town of BafTe-terre; and 
 that which extends froin the river 
 to the brook q{ Billan, is called 
 the town of St. Francis, from » 
 church and convent of Capuchins 
 » it. Id May, 175J; by the 
 unanimity between Conimodoiie 
 Moore and General Harrington,, 
 together with the great valour of 
 the Briti/h troops, this iflaudcamc 
 fradually, and in a very fljort 
 time, into our hands j as did that 
 •f Marigalante foon after;, but 
 tf the Peace in 1763 it was re- 
 ftwncd to the Frencbr 
 Betwixt the river Bailiff on the 
 
 W,and the great river of Govaves, 
 «» s» r'k-.^il- -L - « ' . ' 
 
 GV A 
 
 All the ground between the 5iffc. 
 hff river, and that of Plefli«, 1$ 
 tailed the Marft tf St. Robert. 
 
 The top of the Salpkor mouny 
 tsin, to which yoo mnO paff 
 over the river Sr, Louis, is b«re» 
 without any thing but fern, and 
 fome rorry Ikrubs full of mofs, 
 Fi n h«oce may pluinly be feeii 
 not only Dominica, the Xaintei 
 iflands, and Murigalante, but » 
 clear view of Marnnico one way^ 
 «s well as Monltrrat, Nevii, an<| 
 
 theneighboMringiOandSjiheoiheiv 
 Round the hill are bHrat ftone* 
 and whitilh afhes, which fmeU 
 ftroporof falpl^ur, Thefe locreafc 
 the higher you afcended ; and at 
 the top, which is a vaft rugged 
 platform, covered with ail dies of 
 burnt ftoncs; fmoke iffiies one 
 from fundry clefts and chinks^ 
 On the E. fide of the mountain- 
 arc two mouths of this Snlphur 
 pit, one of which was oval, and 
 judged to be about j©© feet i» 
 its greateft diameter; every now 
 and then emitting thicK clouds of 
 fmoke, with fparksof fire, rhc 
 negroes who lell brim (lone fetch 
 It from this mountaitu About 
 300 paces below the Icaft and 
 ioweft mouth ai* 3. little pools of 
 very hot water, 4 or 5 pacesaAm- 
 der, the biggell of which may ba 
 abow 6 feet iti diameter. Its wa- 
 ter is very dark -coloured, and 
 fmells lijke that in a fmith's forge. 
 The fecond is whitifti, and ha» 
 the tafte of alum. The third i$^ 
 blue, and of a vitriolic tafte. 
 Here are alfo I'everal fmall fprings, 
 which, uniting, form divers rivers' 
 or torrents; one of them, called 
 the White river, from the afhes 
 ■nd fulphur covering it^ falls into' 
 that of St.. Louis, The middle 
 
 -•- ^t:v,sies, uii ii!c i:,. arc tnc 
 wins of another fortification de- 
 ivoycd by ih« fijjgiiib in j6ji, 
 
 and bottom of this burning moun- 
 tain are as diflfcrent from the top 
 a« if in quite another country, be- 
 ing covered with a delightf ul ver- 
 dure oi taU tree* and herbage^ 
 watejed v^itfa abundance ot rivu- 
 lets, and very carefully cuUivatcd.. 
 The Fteadi, whc^ they (ctUtd 
 
 |1! 
 
 I'l., 
 

 II 
 
 llill 
 
 I 
 
 
 fill 
 
 I! ? 
 
 G U A 
 
 here in 1635, lippan by attacking 
 the Caribba, who poflcflcd the 
 ifland. This war wai fotlowed, 
 during three yeafi, by a hornblc 
 famine that almofl dcftroycd the 
 infant colony ; tlie inhabitant* 
 were reduced to eat graft, and to 
 dij? up the dead corps to live on. 
 -After the f.imine Aiccecded inciir- 
 fions of enemies, difputes among 
 the chiefs and planters, iind rome 
 other fad difafters, which almoft 
 brouoht this colony to ruin, and 
 prevented it from making any 
 i>r«»f»refi, fo that at the end of do 
 jears the mother-country hardly 
 uerceived the cxllience of the to- 
 lony. 1 he fiiccifs and profpcriry 
 of the Ifland cannot be dated be- 
 fore the peace of Utrecht. At 
 the end of i> 55, Guadaloupe con- 
 tained 9624 whites, and 41, cod 
 flaves. I he amount of its iUlea- 
 ble ,goodi was produced by 334 
 fbjjar-plantations, 15 fcjuarc fields 
 of indigo, 46,8v;o cacao-trees, 
 11,700 tobacco-plants, »,257,7a5 
 of coffee, and 13,748,447 ot cot- 
 ton. For its provifions they 
 cultivated 29 Ajuarej of rice, or 
 maize, and 1219 df potatoes and 
 yams, a, 028,520 bananas, and 
 3*»577>95o boles of manioc or 
 caflada. The cattle conftfted of 
 4046 horfes, 2924 mulrs, 125 
 »in-s,i3,7i6horncdbeafls, 11,162 
 Ihccp and goats, and 2455 fwinc. 
 The principal article is caflada or 
 manioc, of which they make 
 bread, and of this plant there is 
 more cultivated here than rn all 
 the Knglilh iflands taken together. 
 In 1763 it was rendered indepen- 
 dent of Martinico, and had a 
 governor of its own appointed, 
 and has DeHrade ifl.ind and Ma- 
 rigalante aniKxed to it, as well 
 as Xaintes. In 1767 Gnadaloope 
 tontainel ii^Sdj white inhabi- 
 tants, 752 free blacks, or nnilat- 
 toes, 72,761 flavv's, in all 85,376 
 perfoiii. Its cattle confuted of 
 5o6ohorfe!«,4^S4»n"lcs, iiiafTts. 
 17, 37'i horned beatfs, 14,895 cuhivated,"bei 
 
 G U A 
 
 For provifion* it had 30,476.2, a 
 holes of manioc, 2,819,262 hi- 
 nunas, 2118 fquaret of land with 
 yams and potatoes. Amonj' jrs 
 plantations were 72 anatias, 'n; 
 caffia.'rces, 134,204 Cnc,o-trcc( 
 5. 0^1,176 coffer -trees, 12,15(5 767 
 plants of cotton, 21,474 r4„arcs 
 of land with fngar-canes. The 
 woods take up 22,097 fijnares of 
 land ; there arc 20,247 of pafture 
 or favannas, and 6405 unculti. 
 vated or abandoned, 1582 planta. 
 lions of cotton, coffee, cacao, and 
 provifions ; 401 of fu^-ar-canes, 
 which employ ,40 water mills,' 
 263 moved by oxen, and u by 
 wind. ' 
 
 Its produflions, w»ih thofe of 
 lis dependencies, amount annually 
 to 46 million pounds of fugar, 
 21 millions of coffee, 320,000 of 
 cotton, and 8cco cacao. 
 
 Guan Abacoa See Htu 
 
 vntinr.h, 
 
 GUANAHANI, or St. Sal- 
 VAt>OR, novf Catt'IJland, one of 
 the Bahamas ; fituated in the At- 
 lantic Ocean. This was the firft 
 land which Cohin)bus difcovcred 
 in the year 7492, whence he called 
 It St. Salvador, his crew having 
 given thcinfclves over for loft in 
 an Immenfe ocean, tilf they faw 
 this ifland. It lies in lat 24, 10, 
 long. 76, 12. 
 
 GuARt CO, a town fituated or 
 the N» fide of St. Domingo, o",8 
 of the Antilles iflands, in the At- 
 lantic ocean. It is alfo called Cape 
 Francois, and lies in lat. 19, 55, 
 It is wear half a league in lenitfi, 
 and contains about 14 or 1 500 in* 
 habitants, being a mixture of 
 Creols, Eiirope*na, Negroes, Mu* 
 httos,andCafts. Here is a church, 
 * good fqiiarc, a college of Jefuits* 
 a nunnery, an hofpital, and a 
 convent of religioMS, The town 
 lies open, without any other de- 
 fence than a fingle rampart r but 
 it is well garrifotied within. 
 
 fiiecp and goats, and zbv^ fwinc. i^jccies «^f 
 
 ng fown with every 
 grain. The fcrvHc 
 
G U A 
 
 work Is all done by negroci, and 
 ihe people here are rich enough 
 fo ivnd large refurni to Kr;incc 
 for «hc European commod tus 
 brought hither. rhci.roiin<l» here 
 ate laid out in plantations Df fu- 
 gar, iivligo, tobacco, and tolTee ; 
 the joint produce of which is Co 
 Urge, that 30,000 tons arc an- 
 nually exported to Francr. It is 
 In thcfe refpefts a vciy confideri- 
 blc colony to France, no Icfs than 
 160 lail, fmali and ijrrat. comin* 
 annually from France, from leo 
 to soo tons, to Guai-ico. All 
 thclclhipf come loaded *ith goods 
 and provifions ; and every one 
 returns with 30 or 40,000 dollars 
 rn rpecic. Thofe only which po 
 from Guarico, exclufive of the 
 cargo, which confilts of the pro- 
 i\i{\s of the colony, carry to 
 ';""" every year half a million 
 of dollars. Not otic fourth part 
 of the cargo of fo many fhips 
 can be confumed in this colony 
 and its dependencies ; and confc- 
 I'lentljr it muft And a great ac- 
 count m its trade with the Spani(h 
 fetilcmentf, as the Havannah. 
 Carraccas, Santa Martha» Car- 
 thagena, Terra Firma, Nicaragua 
 and Honduras.— Sec Cape Fran- 
 
 GUAsTACA, or Pamuco, 
 (which (cc,)a province which bor- 
 ders on New Leon and Mexico, 
 in which province they gaihcr 
 cochineal and fcveraJ grains, and 
 "abounds with vrry rich filver 
 ni'nes. AH the fhores arc low. 
 overflowed, unhealthy, and full of 
 lalt marlhes ; in othej rcrpcfts it 
 » like Tlafcala. ^ 
 
 GuATiMALA, Audience and 
 Province of, in Ncw-Spain, is a- 
 »>ove 750 miles in length, and 
 45° >n breadth. It is bounded 
 on the N. by Chiapa and Vera- 
 paz ; on the S. and W. by the 
 Jnnth-Sea, and otf the E. by 
 Wonduras. It abounds in choco- 
 i«e which they make ufc of in- 
 Ifcad of monc^. I, has ix pro- 
 vioces under uj and the auiu 
 
 G U A 
 
 Aiwericans, under the dominfon* 
 of Spain, profefs chrirtianity; 
 hm It IS mixed with a great many 
 of their own fupcrlliiions. There 
 «» a great chain of high moun- 
 tains, which run acrols it from 
 t. to W. and it is fubjc.J> to 
 «arih*iuake« and ftorms. It is. 
 however, very fertile, and pro- 
 duces great quantities of choco- 
 late, cochineal, cotton, and indi- 
 go. The merchandize of thit 
 province are generally conveyed 
 
 toiheportofSt.Thomas, inffte 
 bay of Honduras, to be itnt to 
 iiiirope. The way acrofs thif 
 
 provmcetotheSoutLscaisabout 
 65 iMgues, and is the next to 
 that from Vera Cruz to Acapulco. 
 J>'. Jago de Guafimala was the 
 cap-tal of the whole audience : a 
 large and rich town, with a bi- 
 l.iops fee, and an univerfity, but 
 
 It was fwaUowed up by an earth- 
 quake in April, 1773: It con- 
 tained about 6o,coo inhabitant, 
 of all coburs, and was immenfc- 
 ly rich, but there are no traces of 
 It kft. The lofs was crtimatcd 
 at 15 millfons ftcrling, i„ mcr- 
 chandiac; and it was the third 
 city of the Spanift empire iu 
 America* '^ 
 
 . Gu^ TIM A LA. the Volcano of 
 »s a mountain which throws out 
 fire and fmoke. St. Jago de Gua- 
 timala was almoft ruined by it in 
 ■|54r. It was rebuilt at a good 
 diHance from this dreadful tuluQ. 
 cam which totally demodfhcd it 
 »n April, 1773. 
 
 GvAVEs Petit, in SM>o. 
 mingo — See Hifpttniola, 
 
 GuAXACA, a province be- 
 longing to theaudiei.ceof Mexico, 
 or New Spain. It reaches from 
 he bay of Mexico on the N. ro 
 he South Sea on the S. having 
 ^e proytnce of Tlafcala or. thi 
 N. W. and thofe of Chiapa, Gua- 
 umala, and Tabafco, on thp B. 
 
 ,",: "c"^ X "=*"y 95 leagues along 
 the South Sea, 50 along the baf 
 of Mexico, and near lao, faj 
 louie, along the coiifines of TI4IS 
 
11? '.J 
 
 G U A 
 
 calit but not above 50 on iltofe 
 of ChUpa. I'he air here U uuwd, 
 and the foil fruhrul, crpeciaily in 
 mulberry-trcM j i'o that it pro- 
 duce* more fitk thao any province 
 in America, Except the valley 
 of GuaxMca, the greatctt part it 
 •iountati)OUS,yet itbuunding with 
 wheat, cattle, fugar, cotton, ho- 
 ney, cocor, plantanes, and other 
 fruiti. It has rich mines of gold, 
 filver, and lead*, and all in rivers 
 have £oKI in their randi'. Cafli.i, 
 cochineal, cryllal, and copperas, 
 •bound alfu here. Were the peo- 
 ple of this province induOrions, 
 ihey might be the richcft in the 
 Weft Indies; but they ;irc acciii- 
 tomed to a lazy life by tbe clergy, 
 virho have lao monaUciiefc, bcrides 
 fcveral hofpiials, fchools, and 0- 
 thcr places of public ch.irity ; in- 
 fomuch that the Indian* purchase 
 proviiions principally by the gul»l 
 which the women pick up in the 
 rivers. This province was tor- 
 merly rctkoncd to contain 150 
 confideruble towns, befides up- 
 wards nf 300 villages ; but now 
 it is laid to be thinly inhabited. 
 Great part of the eftates beloji^- 
 ing to the Cortex family lie in 
 this country. The leaft difficult 
 pafs from one Tea to another is 
 through this province by the ri- 
 ver Guaxahualcos to the port De 
 la Ventofa, in the gulf 'I'equan- 
 lepec. The mountain of Cocoia, 
 which feparates this province from 
 Tlafcila, has mines of gold, fil- 
 ver, cryftal, vitriol, and diOcrent 
 Corts of precious ftones. 
 
 The vanilla, a drug ufed as a 
 perfume to give chocolate a fla- 
 vour, is the produce of Guaxaca. 
 It grows, indeed, in divers parts 
 cf Mexico, but no where fo plen- 
 tifully as in this province. 
 
 GuAXACJl, the capital of the 
 kft- mentioned province bearing 
 its name, in New Spain. It is 
 the fee of a biftiop, and the re- 
 
 ^nxmvv va si fi'"T^ Bw^•TT •»- *«»^ 
 
 ]SO miles W. of Spirito Santo, 
 and 230 S. of the city of Mexico, 
 S3» in the fame dirc^Uos Iron 
 
 G U I 
 
 the gulf o this Isft name, and 
 S. of Wen Crux, in the delight- 
 ful valley of Guaxaca, which is 
 18 miles in length, and 11 in 
 breadth, and in tne road leading 
 through Chiapa to Guaiimala.— 
 Here is a very ftately cathc(lr<i|, 
 and it contains fcveral thouland 
 families, both Spaniards and In- 
 dians. Of the former are fcveral 
 wliich are rich, ar)d defccnded 
 from the eld Spanifb governoti. 
 This, though a middling city, 
 and but indilii^renily built carries 
 on a confiderabie trade both with 
 the North and South Seas. The 
 river here is not fortified ; fo that 
 fmall veflcls might eallly fail up 
 and fubduc the country. The 
 bed chocolate in America is made 
 here by the nuns, and exported 
 from hence to Spain. In thji 
 valley, which Charles V» of Spain 
 gavcCortez, with the title of Mar* 
 4ui* del Velle, arc feveral ricfi 
 towns, cloiftcrs, and chtirchesi 
 with an excellent breed of horfes, 
 and great herds of black catdt 
 and Ihecp, which furnilh the clo- 
 thiers of Los Angelos with wool, 
 and Spain with hides. The Cre- 
 olian clergy here are as great ene- 
 mies to the Spitnilh clergy as tht 
 native Americans are. Accord- 
 ing to feme, the jurcfcs name of 
 Gu;ixaca is Anii-^dcra} but thii 
 laft other* n " • A^parate town, 
 and bifliop'» » '^r^ted *- 
 
 h(3tN 9o miles W. It 
 
 is faid to have a (r ^fdral, 
 
 adorned with ma: gc and 
 
 high pillars of maroJe,. each of 
 which is as one entire ftone. It 
 is fituated in but. iS, ir long. 
 lOi, 10. 
 
 GviAtA, a town of Terra 
 Firma. It has a barbonr on the 
 Caracoa coaft, an miles £• of 
 Marucaibo ; where, in the years 
 1739 and 1743 the Engliih were 
 twice repulfcd, and lod feme men 
 in attacking this place. It lies in 
 
 lo^ ■#% ^m -Q Inn A An i 
 "••• '^t i'gi ^-' -'—6- J •• 
 
 Gui (.DFQKO, an inland coi)n* 
 ty io the diftriO of S^li^urj^ ia 
 Nt Carolina. 
 
HAM 
 
 H 
 
 HAcHA, Rio ot la, on 
 the coaft of Terra Firma. 
 The Spaniards formerly called it 
 Nuclira Senora de lo« Ncleves, 
 •iidaficrwardi De loi Kemcdios. 
 It is fituatcJ on the U.iiiks of the 
 river of (he fame name, namely, 
 Rio de la Hacha; and but a 
 niort mile from the fea-coafl upon 
 a little hill, and containing not 
 mucli above loo houfcs. It lies 
 about 246 miles E.of Carthageni. 
 It is fituatcd within the govern- 
 ment of St. Martha, and is the 
 fecond city of the province. It 
 i« huf fmall, hut fortified, and 
 the Indians about it do r.ot ac- 
 knowledge the yoke of the Spa- 
 niards ; they are generally fhop- 
 herds, and breed vail flocks in 
 theii fruitful pallures which tlicir 
 pUins and mountains afford them. 
 Hadham, E. and W. two 
 towns in Hartford county, Con- 
 ncaicin, near the banks of Con- 
 ntfticut river. E. Hadham it 
 S. E. 9 miles from Middlctown, 
 anj the fame diftance E, from 
 Durham. 
 
 Had LEY, a town in Hamp- 
 Ihirc county, in Maflachufets- 
 Bay, on the E. bank of Connec- 
 ticut river, where it ainioft forms 
 an iflind. 
 
 Halifax, • town In the dff- 
 
 trift of Halifax, in N. Carolina. 
 
 It is fituatcd on the banks of 
 
 the Roanoke river, which runs 
 
 in;o Albemarle found. 
 
 Halifax, the capital of No- 
 va Scotia, on the W. fide of the 
 harbour of Chehuifto, which, tho' 
 founded fo lately as in 1747, is 
 now a confidcrabic place, with 
 above 1000 houfc«, hid out In 
 regular handfomc ftrects. It is 
 the rofidcnce of the Governor and 
 other officers, and carried on a 
 
 COnflilfr.lhl* tfn,1» n^ .1.. D r 
 
 — — •* *-«... y xn.jt '-n^ urT» 
 
 tilh troops retired wheo they eva- 
 cuated Bofton in March, 1776. 
 
 Hampshire, a county, the 
 weitern extremity of Mairachu- 
 
 H A V 
 
 feti-Bay, through which Connec- 
 pcut river runs; and it is the 
 leall cultivated of any of the 
 counties of this province. 
 
 Hampstkad and High- 
 GATE, two villages, inland, be- 
 longing to Georgia. They are 
 about a mile afundcr, and 4 miles 
 from Savannah, the capital of the 
 province. The inhabitants apply 
 thcmfclves principally to garden- 
 ing, and fynply the town with 
 gnens, pot-herbi, roots, &c. 
 
 Hampton, a maritime town 
 in Elizabeth county, Virginia, at 
 the bottom of a bay near the 
 mouth of James river, 15 milci 
 S. E. fron^ York. 
 
 Hampton, E a s t and 
 South, two towns in Long 
 niiod, in the province of Nc>¥ 
 Yoik, and county of Suffolk, on 
 the S. E. coaft. 
 
 Hamovrr, a town in York 
 county, Penfylvania, 17 miles 
 S. VV. of New York, 7 S. of 
 Berwick, and the fame diftancti 
 N. from the limits of Maryland. 
 
 Harley, a village in the 
 county of Ulftcr, in the province 
 of New York. 
 
 Hartford, a town inChowen 
 county, and dillrii^ of Edcnton, 
 ill N. Carolina. It is fituatcd on 
 pLiqnimans river, which empties 
 itfelf into Albemarle found, (eoin 
 whence it is diflant about 15 
 miles S.E. and about 13 N. from 
 Edenton. 
 
 HARTFORD.-~Sce Htrtforcf. 
 Harwich, b town in Barn- 
 flaplc county, Plymouth Colony^ 
 New England, on the N. fide of 
 the peninfula, on a fmall creek 
 of Cape Cod or Barnftaple bay. 
 It is fituatcd near the middle of 
 the peninfula. 6 miles W. of Eaft- 
 ham, and 10 from Chatham. 
 
 HATFitLD, a town in Hamp- 
 ft»ire county, Maffichufets-Bay, 
 on Mill river, which runs into 
 Conncfiicue river. It i^ 5 railcs 
 N. E. from Northampton, and 
 4 from Hadley. 
 
 Havannah, a city fiiuafedi 
 on the N. W. pm of the ifiHAidi 
 
 i 
 
 ill 
 ill 
 
', 
 
 I 
 
 !'' 
 
 J I 
 
 H A V 
 
 of Cuba, one of ike Greater An- 
 riliei, at the entrance of the gulf 
 of Mexico. Tl'c city and port of 
 Havannah (land* 191 milei almofl 
 direaiy S. of Capo Florida, and 
 con(equently commands the gulf 
 of that name. It was built in 
 151 1« It was originally called 
 the port of Carennas ; afterwards, 
 «hcn the city, by its alteration of 
 fite, and encrcafe of wealth, grew 
 confiderable, it was called St. 
 ChriHopher of the Havannah. In 
 1536 it was taken by a French py- 
 rate, and was of fo inconfiderable 
 a value, that it was ranfomcd for 
 
 J roe pieces of eight. It was taken 
 bme time after by the Eng!i(h, and 
 a fccond time by the Frcnih ; nor 
 was it till the reign of Fhilip II. 
 of Spa'n, thiit the importance of 
 h was thoroughly undcrftood, and 
 any care taken in fortifjing it. 
 \Vhat was then done proved not 
 fufficient, and moft of the fortifi- 
 cations were in a very bad condi- 
 tion when Francis Coreal was 
 there in 1666 ; and very little bet- 
 ter when he vifited it again,. 20 
 years afterwards. Since the ac- 
 ctlfion of the Houfe of Bourbon 
 to the throne of Spain, more 
 pafns haTc been taken about it, 
 and therefore we (hall dcfcribe 
 <lr(* the city, and then the port, 
 in the condition they now are. 
 
 The city of Havannah, accord- 
 ing to the laft and exaA map of 
 thcfe parts, lies in 23, 10, of lat. 
 and confequently wiihin 22 of the 
 Tropic of Cancer; and its long, 
 from London is 81, 13. It (lands 
 on the N. fide of the ifland, and 
 W. fide of the harbour, in a very 
 beautiful and pleafant plain, ha- 
 ving the fca before it, and being 
 furrounded on all fades by two 
 branches of the river Lagida. 
 The buildings, tho' low, are built 
 of (lone, and make a very good 
 appearance, though but meanly 
 furni(hed. Here are feveral hand- 
 lome churches- tnon^AerieSt and 
 hofpitals. T^c churches are rich 
 and ma^oificcnt, that dedicated 
 
 E 
 
 H A V 
 
 to St. Clara hnving 7 altars, all 
 adorned with plate to a great va. 
 lue; and the monaftery adjoining 
 contains leo nuns, with their i'tr- 
 vants, all habited in blue. It is 
 not a bilbop's fea, though the bi« 
 (hop generally refides there ; but 
 the cathedral is at St.Jago, and 
 the revenue of this prelate not 
 lefs than 50,000 pieces of cigiit 
 er annum. 'I he number of in- 
 abitants in this city are about 
 15,000. One part of the ifland is 
 under the jurifdiftion of this ciry, 
 as the other is under that of Sr. 
 Jago ; but the diftrift belonginz 
 to the Havannah is by far the btft 
 cultivated, and has the mod (owns 
 and villages in it ; and thefc are 
 not above 6 in number. 
 
 The port is not only the bed 
 in the Wefl-lndies, but perlisps 
 one of the fined in the univcrfe. 
 It i* fo capacioiij, that icco fail 
 of (hips may ride there comnio- 
 dioufly, without either cable or 
 anchor; and there is, generally 
 fpeaking, 6 fathom water in the 
 bay. The entrance is by a clian- 
 nef about 2 foutths of a mile in 
 length, which is pretty narrow, 
 and of difficult accef^ to an enemy, 
 being well defended by forts, and 
 platfqrms of guns ; which is rtO' 
 dered mjorc difl^cult fince'i76j, 
 when the governor ordered thrtt 
 men of war to be funJc tjicre; 
 and through it you come into the 
 bay, wbioii lies like a bafoo at 
 the bottom of it, with a fmail 
 ifland at the E. corner thereof. 
 At the entrance of the channel 
 there are 2 ftrong cadles, which 
 are fuppofed to be capable of de- 
 fending the place again ft any 
 number of (hips. Tne firft of 
 thefe is called the Moro, and 
 flands on the £. fide of the chan- 
 nel. It is a kind of a triangle, 
 fortified with baftions, on which 
 are mounted about 40 pieces of 
 cannon, (liled the twelve apodlcs, 
 aknoft level with the water, and 
 carrying each a ball of 36 pounds. 
 On the other fide of the chaO' 
 
H A V 
 
 ii<l ftands a ftrong fort, called tht 
 P""'"» * ""egiflar fquare, with 
 good baflioni, well <tiounted wiih 
 cannon ; which fort, ftc ftandi fo 
 
 very hiih above fhclevelof the fea. 
 that It is lnipofni)le for the largcn 
 fl"P« to batter them. Between 
 this dty and the fca there ia a 
 • alch-tower, where a man fits in 
 « round lanrhoni at the top, and 
 on the appearance of fhfpi at fea' 
 puts out as many flags from tliencc 
 1$ there are /ail. The third is 
 filled the fort; it is a fmall, but 
 
 H A V 
 
 for fmmenfc Aims; and with to 
 great honour, that it is faid thev 
 never open the bales, but take 
 the goods a rding to the bills 
 
 While the fleet is in the bay, pro- 
 vifions are exceffivcly dear on 
 more, and money fo plenty, that 
 a Spniard expefts haff a piece of 
 eight a day from a male flnve, and 
 half fo much from a female, out 
 
 ftrong w')rk on the VV. fide, to- 
 wards thi- end of the narrow chan- 
 nel, with four large baftions, and 
 » platform, mounted with 60 
 pieces of heavy cannon. Bcfidea 
 thcfc there are two fo ts, one on 
 riie E. fide, called C.jemar, the 
 other on the W. called the fort of 
 Chorrera, of la guns each. The 
 governor has a very numerous 
 garrifoa, this being the key of the 
 Weft. Indies. 
 
 The commerce in this port is 
 the moft considerable of any in 
 America, and for the fake of per- 
 fpicuity we will divide it into the 
 particular commerce of the ifle of 
 Cuba, and into the general by the 
 te|iftcr.fhips. The former con- 
 lilts in hides, fugar, tobacco, gin- 
 ger, maftic, aloes, farfapaiilla, o- 
 thcr drugs, and great quantities 
 of tortoife-lbell. It mult be ob- 
 icrvcd, that the commerce of the 
 ifland of Cuba is not entirely con- 
 fined to the Havannah, but ex- 
 ends itfcif to other ports, particu- 
 fiy St. Jago, where there are 
 Jrqiicntly many little vefllls from 
 the Canaries, and other parts, 
 
 which trade entirely for the comi 
 niodities of the country. As to 
 the general commerce, this port is 
 'he pJace of rendezvous for all the 
 J'PS, particularly from Porto 
 Bello, and Vera Cruz, which re. 
 turn into Spain from the Indies; 
 
 'othat ther#. ar- «■—'••— '•- - 
 
 eofadin.heportatonce. VVhile 
 jhey ride here, there is a fair 
 «efi on fhotc, where they trade 
 
 , -— —-'••■ m .vuiaic, out 
 
 of what they earn by their Ja- 
 ^''"•'- The fleet generally fail, 
 from thence through the channel 
 of Bahama, in the month of 
 Sept and is the richeft in the 
 
 ui'- ^'T '" ^'^««" «"d mer- 
 chandize there is feldom Icfs than 
 30,000,000 pieces of eight on 
 board, or 6,750,000 pounds of 
 our money. 
 
 The town of Havannah is not 
 a ftiilcs in circuit; and the nuin- 
 oer of inhabitants docs not ex- 
 ceed 15,000 f.uls, confiftins of 
 Spaniards, mulattoes, and ne- 
 groes, befides the garrifon, the 
 governor of which is ftiled Cap- 
 lain-general of the ifland. It be- 
 ongs to Spain, Havannah lies iS 
 leagues from Cape de Scd, which 
 IS 3 promontory on the N. fide of 
 the ifland. The heat here is ex- 
 treme, and more intolerable even 
 
 m the night than in the day time. 
 This port with theSpanifli fleet of 
 war, and 25 merchantmen, who 
 had taken refuge there, the forts, 
 the city, Its immenfc magazines. 
 3 mi lions of piafters, ike. were 
 all taken, July 30, ,76a, by the 
 £.ngliili, after a liege of 29 davi 
 
 by 19 (hips of the line, 8 frigates! 
 and 10,000 men, under admiral 
 I'ocock, and the earl of Albe- 
 marle. The Spaniards, having re- 
 covered It at the peace, rebuilt the 
 Moro Cafllc and the Fort Punta, 
 befidesotherimmcnfe works, the 
 cxpence of which is incredible; 
 all wh^h will not defend the 
 place lo much as its pernicious 
 climate. "^ 
 
 Ha vERsow, a town in New 
 York, on the W. bank of Hud- 
 
 m 
 
r 
 
 HER 
 
 fon'i rivrr, in which it hai ■ fine 
 bay, 35 miles N. of New-York. 
 
 Haverili., ■ town in Kflex 
 county, Manachufeii-Bay, New- 
 Engltnd, on the river Mer'inack, 
 and near Mitchell's Fulls. 
 
 Hayes Island, in New 
 South Walei, formed by the 
 riven Nclfon and Hayei, which, 
 after running a little way together, 
 frparate again. The moll nor- 
 thern is rtill culled Nclfon river, 
 near the mouth of which ftandi 
 Fort York, by the French called 
 Bourbon, at alfo it ihe river 
 Kelfon. The moft fouthcrn 
 branch is called Hayes river hy 
 the Enylifh, and Si. Tlicicla by 
 the French. On either branch, 
 ttic ftrcam is fo jjentle ihat large 
 veHcIs End Ojuliups might be bimt 
 there to carry bulky poods, and 
 alfo return agaihtl the flrtam 
 without any difficulty. 
 
 Hendric, a town at the W. 
 «nd of Long Ifland, New-York, 
 fKuated in Queen's county, on the 
 coaft of the Narrows, jo miles 
 N. E. of Bedford, and 7 miles N 
 of New-York. 
 
 Henrico, a county of Vir- 
 ginia, on the N. £. coaft of 
 James river. 
 
 Henry Cape, the S. pro- 
 montory of Virj;inia. Itisfituat- 
 rd at the entrance of the Chtafa- 
 peak-Bay. l^at. 36, 57. longitude 
 76, 23. 
 
 Hertford, or Hartford, 
 county in the diliri^ of Edenton, 
 N. Carolina. 
 
 Hertford, a county of Con- 
 reOicut, bouiu'ed on the N by 
 Hampfhire, in Mafiachnfets-Bsy, 
 V. by Litchfield county. E. by 
 Windham county, and S. by New- 
 Haven and New - London coun- 
 ties ; having the tiver running 
 through it. 
 
 Hertford, the chief town 
 of the foregoing county, is (ituat- 
 cd on the V\ extern bank of Con- 
 pe^icut river near the center of 
 
 H I S 
 
 New Cambridge, 6 miles S. of 
 W. Windlor, and 17 miles W. 
 of Mansfield. 
 
 Htvs, or La Haivr, a port 
 of Nova Scotia, where the French 
 had a fort defended with palli. 
 fades, which the Englilh took by 
 capitulation, with the lofs of 
 fome of their people and their 
 commander, in 171a. 
 
 Highlands, a range of 
 inount.iins, (\retching weflward 
 from Hudfon's river, dividing the 
 County of UKIer, in the province 
 of New York, from that river; 
 they are cioathed thick with tim- 
 ber, and abound with iron-ore, 
 ponds, and fine flreams for iion- 
 woiks. 
 
 HisPANioi.A, or St. Do- 
 mingo. See Domingo. — One of 
 the Antilles Iflands, in the Atlan- 
 tic Ocean, in America, Itisfituat- 
 ed bcrween lar. 18 and 20, and hr- 
 tween long. 67 and 74; i.s upwarrii 
 of 4C0 miles long from E. to W, 
 and 124 broad from N. to S, 
 1 he illand partly belongs to ihe 
 Spaniards, and paitly to the 
 French; vvhich latter (their buc- 
 caneers having fettled there be- 
 fore) obtained a legal rijjht to 
 their (hare of the ijland by the 
 ccdlon which the Spaniards made 
 them of the N. W . part of Hifpa. 
 niola, by the treaty of Ryiwiik 
 in 1697 ; the bed and mo(f fertile 
 part of the bed and moft fertile 
 jdand in the Wed Indie;. 'J Ivt 
 is the principal fcitlcment ot ihe 
 French in all America, llie 
 country is mixed; pretty rroiin- 
 tainous in fome parts ; but many 
 of thefe mountains are fcriilt, 
 and covered with fine w<oil$. 
 Others, wh"ch are barren and 
 rocky, had anciently mines of 
 gold : they are not worked now; 
 though it i.s judged they not only 
 contain thofe of gold, out mines 
 of filver, copper, and iron. But 
 the French think their labour 
 
 the county, not 6 miles N. W. of 
 CLiilcnbury, 14 miles N. £. of 
 
 the plains for the rich commodi- 
 ties which vend fo well io Europd 
 
 |L?ogane, on 
 hgoud port I 
 Icjulidcrible t 
 
H I S 
 
 ThU country has likewlfc pro- 
 digioiii fine pUini of • va(t cx< 
 tent, and extreme fertility, either 
 I covereJ witit noble fore(U of 
 limber and fiuit trees, excellent 
 I in their kinds, or filled with vaft 
 numbcri of horned cattle, fliccp, 
 and hogs. The air of Hifpaniola 
 iithe mod heal liy in the WeQ- 
 Indics, The country is admira- 
 [bljf watered with rivulets as well 
 u navigable rivers. And it is 
 I no wonder therefore that this 
 laive nation, in poflcfTiop of (6 
 txtenfive a country, has reaped 
 from it prodigious advantages. In 
 the year 1716, on this ifland were 
 I no lei's than 100,000 negroes, and 
 30,000 whiles; they made 60,000 
 ho;jlheads of fiig^r of 500 wt. each ; 
 their indigo was half as much in 
 value as their fugar; they export- 
 ed large (juintities of cotton ; and 
 they fcnt bcfide* to France cacao 
 and ginger in tolerable plenty. 
 Since that time they raife cofTce 
 herct)a very great amount. Sup- 
 pofe the fugar. at 20 (hillings the 
 hundred, the whole mufi yield 
 300,000 fterlin^. The indigo is 
 fomewhat fallen its price fnice; 
 I liut as it has increafcd largely in 
 its quantity, it is not loo much to 
 value it at 100,00 )1. If to thefc 
 we add the pro luce of cotton, ca- 
 cao, giii^er, and hides, it will not 
 be too much to allow loo.oool. 
 more; fo that at this rate her 
 Ihare of the idaiid is worth to 
 France 550,0001. rtcrlin},'. But 
 Crtnfilering that thefc levcral ar- 
 ticles have greatly increafed lincc 
 jibat time, it will n )t he excefTive 
 to rate the value of this colon;- at 
 75),oool. (terlinga year. 
 
 The laiv,ea U)\vn in the French 
 part of Hilpniolu is Cape Fran- 
 U»k, which is fnuated on the 
 I northern part of the ifiand, upon 
 hvery fine hnbour. It is well 
 budt, and contains about 8000 in- 
 habitants, blacks and whites. But 
 
 HEW 
 
 ItU L 
 
 of govcrnmrnt, which here U 
 lodged in the hands of a go- 
 vernor and the Intendant, who 
 arc mutually a cucck upon each 
 other. There are, befides, two 
 other towns confiderabic for their 
 trade. Petit Guavcs on the W. 
 end of the ifland, and pore Louli 
 on the S. V. part. 
 
 The E. part of thi« iflind ii 
 in the pollc/lion of the Spaniards; 
 and this is the lurgefl part, and 
 has moa towns. Their capital if 
 St. Oomingo, which was built fiift 
 by Columbus, nn the S. fide of 
 the ifland, at the mouth of the 
 river Hayna, or Ifabella, as our 
 maps call it, in a fine plain, which 
 fliews It to great advantage from 
 the lea. In 1586, Sir Franci* 
 l>rake took it, who held it a 
 month, and then burnt part of it, 
 bu'w fpared the reft for a ranfom 
 «>f 60,000 pieces of eight. This 
 and feveral other places were quit- 
 ted in the rei|;n of Queen Eli- 
 zabeth, as being judged unpo- 
 litic then to keep them. How- 
 ever, Cromwell thought other- 
 wife; for he fent his generals 
 Penn and Venablcs, with the 
 ^reatcft force the £nglifti ever 
 had in thofe feas, in order to pof- 
 ftfs themfelves of St. Domingo; 
 of which being difappointed, they 
 afterwards, in 1654, reduced Ja- 
 maica. The trade of St. Domin- 
 go, which was a confiderabic one 
 in fugar, hides, tallow, borfes, 
 hogs, and caflia, has decayed fincc • 
 the Spaniards have been tempted 
 to Havannah and other places i 
 yet for all that St. Domingo 
 makes a good figure, and its in- 
 habitants, including Negroes, S<c, 
 are thought to exceed 25,000 s 
 th'fe confift of Spaniards^ Mcf- 
 tizoes, Mulattoes, and Albatraccs, 
 of all which number a fixth part 
 is fuppol'ed to be Spaniards. 
 
 Hewrkul, a village of Ca* 
 nada, conliliing of between 
 
 iy-ju^ii stiis DC tlic iatgcit town, and 30 lioufes well built wUu'i 
 li^'ogane, on the weftern fide, i^ fort, where was a ' * 
 
 I good port too, and a place of 
 
 governor and 
 
 fu,nr u .' . * r'"*^*^ *" '^ garriion. it was take:* bv th*- 
 
 cjufidcr.ble trade, being'the feat Ffench m the year 1708^ ^ 
 
 K 
 
1^' ■ s 
 
 H O H 
 
 HtLLSBORavGH, 8 town in 
 Hie county of Orange, and diftrift 
 of HillA>orough, N. Carolina. It 
 it fitaated near the head of the 
 Unit river, on a branch of the 
 fame. 
 
 Hi LL-To WW, in Cheftcr coun- 
 ty, Penfyivania, is near the center 
 of the county, 28 miles W.of Phi- 
 ladelphia, and 20 N. from Wil- 
 mington, in Newcaflle county, 
 Dclawar, and 21 miles N. W. 
 from Chefter. 
 
 Hi NGH A M , a town of Suffolk 
 county, Maflachuftts-Bay, fitu- 
 ated on a fouthern creeli of Bof- 
 ton harbQur, on the banks of the 
 ri»er Way, 5 miles W. of Kono- 
 haflet, and the fame diflance £. 
 from Weymouth. 
 
 HoB8$.HoLE, a town in Ef- 
 fcx county, Virginia, on the W. 
 bank of Rappananock river, 15 
 milcslN.E. from Walkerton, 32 
 SvE. of Port-Royal, and 67 N. 
 of William n>urg. 
 
 Ho CHE LAG A, a village of wild 
 Indians in Canada, It is pretty 
 large, and fituated in the iHand at 
 this day known under the name 
 of Montreal, It is of a round 
 figure, and 3 rows of palliladocs 
 inclofe about 50 huts, each up- 
 wards of 50 paces in length, and 
 14 or 15 in breadth, and made 
 in. the form of funnels. The en- 
 trance to this inciofure is by one 
 fHe, over which, as weU as the 
 rd row of pallifadoes, is a fort 
 of gallery, the afccnt to which is 
 by a ladder, and it is plentifully 
 provided with Hones and flints 
 for the defence of the place. The 
 inhabitants of this village fpcak 
 the Huron language. It is fitu- 
 ated at the foot of a mountain 
 called Montroyai, now Montreal. 
 HOHio, or Ohio, a famous 
 tiver, having its fource in the 
 Apalachian mountainc, near the 
 borders of Carolina and Virginia; 
 
 *nA aftfr a Q W ----- 
 
 ., 121 ttJ 
 
 the river Mifllfippi, of which it 
 Is reckoned the piiftcipai ftrcann. 
 
 H O N 
 
 HoLLiSTOK, atowninMld. 
 dlefex county, Maflachufctg.Bay, 
 about 4 miles N, from Mcdway,' 
 and the fame diftance S. W. from 
 Sherborn. 
 
 HONDUaAfl, OrCoMAIAGNA, 
 
 a province of Old Mexico, or 
 New Spain, which, including the 
 country of the Moikitoes, is litu. 
 ated between iat, 12 and tj, and 
 between long. 85 and 94. It has 
 the bay bearing its name, and the 
 North Sea, on the N. and E. it 
 bounded by Nicaragua and Gua- 
 timala on the S. and by Vera Pat 
 on the W. It extends £, and W. 
 along the North Sea above ijo 
 leagues, and in fome places is near 
 60 leagues over from N. to S. but 
 it is narrower at both ends. The 
 Spaniards claim this country; but 
 the Engliih have been long in 
 polTeflion of the logwood traft in 
 the Bay of Honduras, cutting 
 large quantities of it there every 
 year. And (he Mofliito Indians 
 to the E. of this province have 
 entered into treaties with the 
 Engtifl), received them into their 
 country, and done them feveral 
 fervices. Bcfidcs, the Spaniards 
 have no forts in this bay, or in 
 the country of the MoIkitoes,onljp 
 2 fmall towns. 
 
 This country confiffs in general 
 of hills and deep dales, and has 
 a good air. It is rendered the 
 more fruitful by the inundaticai 
 of its rivers about Michaelmas, 
 when the natives convey the wa- 
 ter by canals to their fields and 
 gardens. The foil in many pans 
 bear* Indian corn thrice a year. 
 It alfo yields European wheat and 
 pcafe, cotton - wool, called vi- 
 goion, &c. has excellent pafture, 
 with honey, wax, and abundanee 
 of all forts of provifions, befidcj 
 mines of gold and filvcr. It pro- 
 duces alfo great quantities of fx» 
 trordinary Targe gourds or cala. 
 
 L:a:uv2y 'V%;2tC,l inz AiiSpSniOia ill- 
 
 dians call Hibueras. And the firft 
 difcovercr, feeing many of them 
 float along th$ coaA, called it 
 
'OMAIACNA. 
 
 HON 
 
 Geiro de Hibueras, and the pra> 
 viiicc itfelf Hijbuera ; yet after- 
 wards, finding very deep water 
 at the great cape of this country, 
 they called it Cabo de Honduras, 
 i.e. the Promontory of Depth, 
 and the country itfelf Honduras. 
 The vineyards bear twice a year; 
 for immediately after the vintage 
 the vines are cut again, and the 
 fecond grapes are ripe before 
 Chriflmas. 
 
 Honduras, Bay of, noted 
 for cutting of logwood, as that 
 of Campeachy formerly was. It 
 lies in the province of the fame 
 name, betwixt Cape Honduras, in 
 l'j\ 15 {, and Cape Catoche, the 
 raftermofl point of Yucatan, in 
 
 HON 
 
 lit. 21 \. Moll makes the dif- 
 tince bcrween thcfe capes above 
 »7o miles. The great lake of 
 Nicaragua has an outlet into it 
 by a river called Rio de Anuzelot, 
 or Angelos, only navigable by 
 fmall craft. lo this bay are fe^ 
 vera! fmall iflands, particularly 
 the Pearl Iflands, a little to the 
 N. but the pearls fiOied up here 
 m not in fuch quantities as for- 
 merly, nor fo large. Into this 
 hay runs alfo a fmall river from 
 the province of Veraguas^ called 
 by the Spaniards Rio de Sucre, 
 i. e. Sugar river, from the fugar- 
 works here, with which the coun- 
 try fo abounds, that, did no' the 
 Spaniards confume large quanti- 
 ties of it ih fwceimeats and pre- 
 ferves, &c. they might fend fe- 
 vcral (hip-loads of fugar into Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 The country where the Eng- 
 lish cut their logwood is all a flat, 
 and a great part of it a morafs, 
 with feveral lagunes, which are 
 very often overflown. In the 
 dry feafon, when the cutters have 
 found a good number of trees, 
 «hcy bnild a hut near them", where 
 they live. , After cutting down a 
 jrce, I hey chip of the "bark and 
 "y It :n heaps, marking paths to 
 "ch, that, when the rains come 
 which overflow the ground, they 
 
 are as Co many channels, where 
 they go with fmall currents and 
 land them, bringing them fomc- 
 times 30 miles to the barcaderas, 
 whence the buyers fetch it at 3I. 
 IIS. 6d. fterl. a ton. During the 
 floods, the cutters dwell at the 
 barcaderas, which are 4* mileJ 
 up the river, where they have 
 huts built on high banks to fc- 
 curc them from the floods. As 
 foon as they have notice of any 
 veird's arrival at the mouth of 
 the river, they flock down to 
 purchafe whatever they want.--* 
 They amount to 15 or 1600 men, 
 but form no regular colony ; yet 
 they chufe a chief, who cannot 
 have lefs authority, luxury, or 
 emolument, or whofe fub)cfts arc 
 more difobedient. 
 
 The quantity of wood annually 
 furniflicd by the Bay has been 
 valued at 20,000 tons. The Eng- 
 lifl) export only about 6ooo,whofc 
 trade is carried on in general by 
 North American fljips, who fup- 
 p!y the Bay with what merchan- 
 dize they want; bt;t thr prfRcjpal 
 branch of the trade is carried oa 
 by the Dutch, whofe annual clear 
 profit amounts to above 90,0001. 
 n«rl. Ihc Bay is fprinkled with 
 an infinity of fljoals, rocks, and 
 clufters of drowned iflands, which 
 abound with great plenty of green 
 turtles. There are feveral chan- 
 nels between them, among which 
 a fliip fljould not venture without 
 an experienced pilot. 
 
 Some trees of the lagwood it- 
 felf grow very tall and ftraight| 
 though moftly low and crooked. 
 They bear a fmall leaf, and 
 have a prickly underwood, like 
 our white-thorn in both thcfe re- 
 fpefls. It bloflbms and hears 
 feed ; which, by falling ofl^ fows 
 the grownd from which it fpringa 
 up, and its vegetation is much 
 forwarded by rhe inundsftr-.r.s 
 bringing the foil over it. All 
 the rivers and creeks in the Bay 
 of Honduras not only fwarm with 
 alligators and guans, but fith alfo, 
 K 3, 
 
 iini 
 
 iliiH 
 
I 
 
 HUD 
 
 Among other fowls they have 
 gunms, confos, Mufcovy ducks, 
 vhiftling ducks, foaiewhat larger 
 than our l:e»), and as good to car, 
 cockatoos, macaws, parrots, two- 
 penny chicks, double and fingle 
 curlews, and crab-catchers. 
 
 With regard to land animals, 
 here are wild deer, but fmall and 
 lean, tygers, and monkcyn. A- 
 mong the little i/lards in the Bay 
 are great numbers of green turtle, 
 moftly catched in nets. The ma- 
 natee is alfo frequently met with 
 here; and that called the jew- 
 fifl), which exceeds all the reft in 
 goodncfs, is fhaped fomeihing like 
 a cod, but thicker in proportion, 
 and much better eating. They 
 have very broad fcalcs, and fomc 
 of them weigh Sol, 
 
 The principal towns of this 
 provjncc are, Valladolid, or Co- 
 ntiaiaga, which is ihc capital ; 
 Tnixillo, or Trugillo, Gracias a 
 DJos, St. Pedro, Porto de Ca- 
 vallos, St. Jago, with the ifland 
 of Ruatan, or Rattan. 
 
 From Cape Gracias a Dios, ihc 
 moft eafterly promontory of Hon- 
 duras, the land falls off due P. 
 forming another great bay, which 
 runs along the coaft of Nicara- 
 gua, and then bends again E.'by 
 U. to Nombrc de Dios and Porto 
 Beilo. 
 
 Hooper's Island, a long 
 narrow ifland in Chcafapcak bi.y, 
 ■Ma'-yland, oppofite the entrance 
 of Patuxen river. 
 
 Ho u CUE, La, a little fort 
 filuated two leagues beyond fhe 
 Havanna, in the ifland of Cuba. 
 From hence we begin to difcovcr 
 Le Pain de Matance, a mountain 
 whofe top rcfembles an oven or 
 a loaf. It fcrves Tailors to know 
 the bay of Matance by, which is 
 about 14 leagues from the Ha- 
 vannnh, 
 
 .^ Hudson's Bay or Strait, 
 tne N", pari of Canada, where the 
 Englirti company of the fame 
 name have feveral fettlements and 
 forts, who, by their agents, carry 
 
 HUD 
 
 on here a traffic with the native 
 Indian* for beaver-fk'ns and o- 
 ther valuable furs to a confidf. 
 rable amount, being one of the 
 moft profitable trades our mer- 
 chants deal in. But the garrifors 
 and forts here fccm not to be of 
 a ftrcngth fuflicicnt for holding 
 out long againft an attack. 1 hii 
 Bay is about 300 leagues wide 
 •from S. to N. but above 5'jo, by 
 reckoning from the bottom of 
 James-bay, in lat. 51, to that of 
 Repulfe-bay, in lat. 67, 10. Its 
 brejdth is unequal, being about 
 130 leagues where hroaf'cft ; h\n 
 It grows narrower both to the 
 fouthward and northward, being 
 not much above 35 leagues broad 
 in fome places. At the mfuih 
 of Hudfon's Bay is Rcfoltirioti 
 ifland, alfo Mansfield ifland ; and 
 in fhe Strait are Charles ilhnd, 
 Salifbury ifland, and Nottingham 
 ifland. From Refolufion ifland 
 to Cape Diggs, at the rntranre 
 of the Bay, is about i<o leagues 
 in lengih. The land on boih 
 fides,t>ameljr,Labrador and North 
 Main, are inhabited by favages, 
 of which we have little or ro 
 knowledge. That part of the 
 Bay on the W. fide, in about 
 lat. 57, is called Button's bay; 
 and the eaflern part, from laf. 
 S5, 15. to lat 51, and the mcft 
 fouthern part, are called James's 
 bay. The coafi from Cape Hen- 
 rictta-Maria, in lat. 55, 15, where 
 James's bay begins, to the bottoiti 
 of the bay, is about 100 leagues, 
 and of much the fame breadth all 
 the way, being between 50 and 
 60 leagues over. 
 
 On the eaf>ern fhore, or Labr»« 
 dor coal>, lie feveral iflands, cal- 
 led the North Sleepers, the Weft 
 Sleepers, Baker's Dozen, Bclchicr's 
 Ifles ; and in James's bay arc Bear 
 ifland, Viner's ifland, Chariton 
 ifland, Cape-Hope ifland, &c. All 
 the country frorn Button's bay S. 
 and E. as far as Labrador, is cal- 
 led New South Wales. 
 Hudson's River, a large 
 
HUD 
 
 fiver whofc foorce has dot been 
 discovered. Running fouthwarJ, 
 it approaches the Mohawk'i river, 
 within a few miles of Sacoundau- 
 p. In general we know that 
 ic has itsfourcc in the mountainous 
 country between the lakes Onta- 
 rio and Champhin, From its ap- 
 proach near Sacoundaoga, \t runs 
 N. and north - eaOerly towards 
 lake St. Sacrament, now lake 
 George, within lo miles of ir. 
 The courfe then to New- York is 
 very onifonTj, being in the main 
 S. It or if> W. The diftanee 
 from Albany to lake George is 
 computed at 65 miles. This river 
 in that intcrral is navigable onfy 
 to batteaus, and Interrupted by 
 rifts, which oecafion two poftages 
 of half a mile each. In the paf. 
 fage from Albany to Fort Edward 
 the wholw land-carriage is 12 miles. 
 There are 3 routes from Crown- 
 Point to Hudfon's river, in the 
 way to Albany; wre through lake 
 George ; another through a branch 
 of lake Champlain, bearing a 
 fouthcrn courfe, and terminating 
 in a baton, feveral miles E. of 
 lake George, called the South bay. 
 The third is by afcending the 
 Wood-creek, a (hallow ftream a- 
 bout 30 yards broad, which com- 
 ing from the S, E. empties itfelf 
 into the S, branch <yf the take 
 Champlain. The place where 
 thefc routes meet on the banks of 
 Hodfon's river is called the car- 
 rying.place. Here Port Edward 
 u built i but Fort Henry, a much 
 ftronger garrifon, was ercOed at 
 the S. end of lake George, after 
 the rcpulfe of the Frend* forces 
 under the command of Baron 
 Dielkaw, on the 8th of Sept. 
 >75S' The pailigc through the 
 iJigblands is about 16 miles ; the 
 tide flows a few miles above Al- 
 bany. The navigation is fafe, 
 and performeu in floops of 40 
 «r jo tons burthen. About 60 
 miles above the city of New York 
 the water is frelh, and In wet fca- 
 r? very low, and abouil4* with 
 
 HU R 
 
 HuMMEL's-Toww,. a town 
 in Lancafter county, Pcnfylva- 
 nia, fituated on the Great Swa- 
 tawro creek, 7 miles from the 
 Suftjuchannah river, 5 N.of Mid- 
 dlcto^n, 16 W. of Lebanon, 19 
 S. E. of Manheim, and 8c from 
 Philadelphia. ^ 
 
 HuNTERTOW, a eoonty in 
 New-Jerfey, near the Delaware 
 river, «he4)rlncipal town of which 
 IS Trenton. 
 
 HoNTiNGOoM, a town near 
 the N. W. extremity of Comher- 
 land county, Penfylvania, fjrua- 
 ted on the Juniata river, a branch 
 of the Sufquehannah river, it 
 miles N. E. of Franks-:t>wn, if 
 miles N W. of Fort Shirley, and 
 60 from Carlifte. 
 
 HuNTiVGDON, a town ia 
 I>ong-Ifland,New-York, in King'» 
 county divifiort, on the N. fide, 
 at the !>ottom of Brandon har- 
 bour, 7 miles W. of Smith -town, 
 the fame diftance E. of Oyfter- 
 bay, and N. of Hampftead-pUin. 
 Hu RON, Lake of, » large col- 
 leftion of Inland waters, in Cana- 
 da, It lies between lat, 43 and 
 46. and between long, 84 and 
 
 •'l JV^" ^^^^ cotnmuHicates 
 with lake Michigan or lUmois by 
 a ftraif, and is 350 leagues ii> 
 circuit. It is in the form of a 
 triangle. The lands about this 
 lake are called the country of the 
 Huron s 
 
 Huron*, favages inhabitini 
 the country contiguous to the lake 
 of the fame name, in Canada; 
 thar true name is Yendais, 
 
 The country inhabited by thefe 
 people, at the beginning of the 
 Jaft century, bad the lake Erie to 
 the S, the lake Huron to the W. 
 and lake Ontario to the E. It 19 
 fituated between laf. 4* and 4"; N. 
 Here they have a good many can- 
 totrs, or villages j and the whole 
 
 V5 ^CL»«C7Xt 
 
 4s? 
 
 nation (Till mn^lAi ^r 1 
 
 and 50,000 fouls. 
 
 In this country are hrgc mea- 
 dows, which would bear wheat 
 and all other 
 
 grain that the-nati..., 
 vonld fow iu them. The (»it(U 
 
JAG 
 
 are /ull of very beautiful trees, 
 •tfpeciaHy cedars of a prodigioiij 
 Dugnitude, and proportionable 
 ullnefs. The country is well 
 watered, and the water is very 
 jood. Here arc fomc ftoncs thai 
 can be fufed liiie metal, and con- 
 tain veins of filver. 
 
 This country is well fituated 
 for commerce t whence, by means 
 of the hkcs with which it is almoft 
 ruhounded, it would be an eafy 
 matter to pu(h on difcovcries even 
 to the extreme parts of Norih- 
 America, 
 
 Hyde, t maritime county in 
 ihe diflrift of Newbern, North- 
 Caroling. 
 
 5 Jago di Leon, Sant, a 
 town of Venezuela, a province of 
 Terra Firma, in South America. 
 It is fituated about iS miles from 
 the fca-coafl to the S. To It are 
 Two i-ays from the fca ; the one 
 fhort and eafy; but may be eafily 
 guarded by a few |)Cople, beit\g 
 al)ont the middle pent in by inac- 
 ■ccfliblc mountains and groves, fo 
 ^hat it is hardly 25 feet broad : 
 the other road is ihrongh craggy 
 hiountains and precipices, which 
 the Indians generally ufe. After 
 IJjHing there mountains is a plain 
 in which the town is built. In 
 1599, the EngliOi took this town, 
 after making ihemfclvcs mafters 
 •f the Car.iccas. 
 
 "Jago dk Guatimala, St. 
 «ne of the principal towns of 
 ■New-Spain, the capita! of the 
 province of Guatimala. The olil 
 tity was utterly dertroyed by a 
 hurricane and earrthqiiakcin 1541, 
 when lo.c&o Spaniards loft their 
 lives. It was biTilt at the bottom 
 of a volcano, with two tops^from 
 one of which iflued fire, and from 
 the other water. It was rebuilt 
 in 1550, in a fine valley, on a ri- 
 ver, about three leagues from the 
 volcano, and was agair. totally de- 
 ftrovcd bv art earthquake in At:! 
 1773 ; before which melancholy 
 arciclcnt it was the refidcnce of 
 Ihe prefidents, the feats of the 
 royil courts, aud of a rich bifliop. 
 
 JAG 
 
 fuffragan to Mexico. Tf y.^^) ^^^ 
 univerfity, and was the v.cntcrof 
 commerce in al> thofe parts. It 
 conjMincd about 8000 families t 
 and the citizens carried on, a con- 
 fidcrable trade through all tlie 
 provinces of Mexico, and even 
 into Peru, by the ports of U 
 Tiihidad and Realejo. Its trade 
 with Spain was from Golfo Dolce, 
 The principal commi)diiics ia 
 which they dealt were hides, in. 
 digo, anatta, fylvefter, cochineal, 
 cocoa. Sec, And indeed no city 
 could ftand more commodiouHy 
 for an cxtenfive trade, and be 
 fafer from pirates ai»d privateers, 
 lying % leagues from the Soutlil 
 Sea, and about 40 from the Gulp|» 
 of Mexico: yet ftill was liable 
 to frequent earthquakes, as well 
 as to eruptions from a neighbour- 
 ing volcano, which bttrns moft 
 fiercely during the rainy fcafon, 
 and throws out huee ftones and 
 pints of rock. This mountain 
 is feen a ^reat way off at fea, it 
 being 9 miles high. The cathe- 
 dral and pariOi churches here were 
 extremely rich ; and h< re were 
 a fo 2 fine monaftcries, lufides » 
 good hofpital. The valley in 
 which the city fiood was about 
 » miles and | broad, opening a 
 little beyond the old town into j 
 wide champaign towards the fea. 
 Though it was fnrrcundcd with 
 mopntairjs, yei there were gooi 
 roads over them. 
 
 The government of the adj*. 
 cent country, and of the pro- 
 vinces of Honduras, Soconufco, 
 Vera Pa», Nicaragua; Cofia Rica, 
 and Chiapa, vt as fubordinate t» 
 the «hanccry here, which confid- 
 ed of a prtfident, who had ai 
 freat a po«er as the viceroys of 
 eru and Mexico, alfo of fix 
 judges, the King's aitomey, and 
 two chief juftices. They bad ait 
 handfbme fabrics, which tlicy 
 v?ry rTsiiCii incrtufcd by tradirig 
 and bribes. The univcrfiry here 
 was founded, in 1614, by Philip 
 IV. joined fo the Dominican con- 
 vent, a flatcly pile, with a yearly 
 
JAG 
 
 ferenae computed to. be at feafV 
 30,000 ducat* ; and its treafury 
 would have made it 100,000, The 
 nunnery of the Conception conHf- 
 led of 100a women, includrng 
 fervants and fcholars; and they 
 leceivcd none but Aich as brought 
 with them from 503 to icoo du- 
 cats. Lat, 14, 10. Long, 92, 18, 
 jAGo DE Nexapha, St. a 
 town of Guaxaca, one of the pro- 
 vinces in the audience of Mexico. 
 It has the .addition of Nexapha 
 from the vaMcy in which it is fi- 
 tuated, on the f»de of 9 river, 
 which fails into the Alvarado, 18. 
 miles S. of IMefonfo, ft has a 
 convent of Dominicans, much 
 nirichcil by prefcnts of votaries, 
 who come far and near to fee an 
 i.Tiagc of th« Virgin Mary,, and ut 
 pretended n»iraclc5, 
 
 jAGa DE LOS VAI.LES, St. 
 
 » town of Panuco, a province of 
 New-Spam. It is fituated 5 leagues 
 S. W. of Panuco city, on the ri- 
 ver of the fame name. Here the 
 Spaniards have a garrifon, and in 
 Its neigbbourhood are falt-work.v 
 jAGo DR Ct;nA, St, once 
 the capital, though not the moft 
 confiderable town of the ifland of 
 Ciiba. It is fnuared at the bot- 
 tom of a fpacroas hay, on the S, 
 Me of the ilJand, about 2 leagues 
 from the fea. The entrance into 
 ms bay is narrpw for feveral 
 rtiles; but whhin it arc Jiirfc 
 iflaods forn>ing a mofl commo. 
 dious harbour, and rtiehcr from 
 
 L "^'k '^ "'** ^"'*^ ^y Velafquez, 
 the fir ft conqueror, who made it 
 the feat of his governmcnr. The 
 eity is ftrll the fee of a bifhop, 
 with a cathedral, where the cal 
 nons are refidentiary, but the mi- 
 »red head refides at the Havannab. 
 « had once a good trade: but 
 this IS aJfo removed to that city; 
 ft that St. Jago has dwindled aU 
 «"it to noihinc : ihrw,,.!, j» u... 
 jantclidtion ovcr^ one haff of 'the 
 
 •he inin> , jibout 400 men were 
 continually employed for ibm« 
 
 JAM 
 
 time in repairing its fortificatl6n#. 
 Within 3 leagues of it, at Co- 
 very, is a rich copper mine. In 
 1766, a terrible earthquake hap- 
 pened here, which did confide- 
 rable damage. Latitude zo, le, 
 long, 76, 40. 
 
 JAGC DB lA VCGA, Sx. 
 
 commonfy called Spanifli-l'own^ 
 the capital of the ifland of Ja- 
 maica, It is fituated 5 miles N. 
 of Port-Paflage and the bay of 
 Port-Royal, ft is the refidente 
 of the governor, and the genera* 
 aflembJy and courts of Suffice are 
 held here. It is a fmall city, 
 with about »o ftreets and 4ooo> 
 inhabitants, in a healthy f^iuatioa; 
 and the gfeateft part of the in- 
 habitants are people of ftjrtune-, 
 or rank, which give* it the air 
 of fpkndoi and magnificence f 
 but bciw^ z leagues diftant fron* 
 thefta^ IS deftitutcof trade. It 
 IS has a very handfome churchy 
 a chapel, and a Jews fynagogue t 
 b^w th« principal building is th« 
 governor's houfe, one of the 
 nandfoinert in all' Ameiica. It 
 received great damage from a 
 Uorrn^ July 16, 177a, when the 
 hailftoneswcrcas largeas oranges,. 
 lit. 18, 26, long. 76, 3:^. 
 
 JaxMAica, one of the pria- 
 cipal towns on Long Jffand', 
 or Nafiau Ifland^ belonging to 
 Queen's county, ir» New York.. 
 It IS fituated on the W. fide, g 
 miles from tlampacad, and the 
 
 fmiediflance E. of Bedford, and 
 has a ehuich in it» 
 
 Jamaica, one of the Greater 
 Antilles, in the Weft Indies, and 
 fituated in the Atlantic Ocean, 
 1 his illand being difcovered by 
 Columbus in the year 1494, in 
 his fcfiond voyage from Spain to 
 this part of the world, he changed 
 tlic name of Jamaica to that of 
 St. Jago, which it retained while 
 St was in the hands of the .Spa- 
 niards; but they were difpoflelfed 
 ot it, in 1655, by the £nglifh, 
 with a fleet primarily defigncd for 
 ■the rcdaftion 01" Hifpaniola, un- 
 
JAM 
 
 111 
 
 der the eommand of Penn and 
 Venables : it yielded without much 
 oppofition, and recovered its old 
 appellation. Afterwards the Spa- 
 jiiards ceded the iHind to the 
 BrtiOi courc. The whole people 
 on the iHand did not exceed 
 3000, indoding even th^ flaves, 
 who were 1500. Soon after the 
 Refloration of Charles II. this 
 colony had encreafcd the number 
 of iti 'nh?:b!kants tn 18,000, who 
 hac no other trade but 
 
 then . lations on the Spa- 
 niardL :au they fion after be- 
 gan to make fugar and plant 
 cacAO-trees, and trcCi fait- works. 
 
 This is the largeft of all the 
 £ngli(h ifland-colonies, and even 
 of any of the Greuer Antilles, 
 «xcept Cuba and Hifpaniola. It 
 extends itfelf between lat. 17 and 
 18,27. and between long. 76 and 
 p9. fo that it is about 140 miles 
 In length from Point Ncgrll on 
 the W. to Point Mo rant on the 
 E. and 60 in breadth where 
 broadeft, namely, from Gallina 
 Point on the N. to Portland Pitch 
 on the S. but, it being of an 
 oval form, ir grows narrower to- 
 wards each end. The seres it con- 
 •lains are computed at 4,000,000; 
 of which, fome fay, one half is 
 
 flatited, and others 1,500,000.— 
 t is placed in a moll happy fitu- 
 atioo at 36 1 agues to the S. of 
 Cuba, and 3 to the W. of S^. 
 Domingo, 'i nc difpofition and 
 number of its harbours ersable it 
 to trade with either of the idands 
 of «he Weft Indies or the con- 
 tinent, Jr has about 16 principal 
 harbours, befidcs 30 bays, roads, 
 or good anchoring-placc-s. 
 
 It is divided by a ridge of 
 mountains which n.ns through 
 the whole ifland from E. to W. 
 The eaftern part arc called the 
 •• Blue Mountains." They con- 
 tain the fprings of fine rivers, 
 
 
 
 -■"\i vs 
 
 . •- J I.. 
 
 JAM 
 
 fea-fide. In Teveral diftri^s they 
 go by fevcral names, being crowru 
 ed with trees of almoft 100 va. 
 rious kinds, particularly cedars, 
 lignum vitat, mahogany, Ac. evtr 
 verdant, forming groves and cool 
 threats. The tops of fome of 
 the mountains are higher than 
 others ; 00 each fide of the ridge 
 are others much lower, which, 
 with the woods on their brows, 
 and the little plantations on their 
 fides, form at fea a very agreeable 
 profpcrt. Tbefe mountains con- 
 (M either of rock, or lUff clay. 
 The vallics too are always ver- 
 dant, being embelliOied with plan- 
 tations curiouHy laid out, and 
 producing the richeft plants in 
 the univerfe. Several of its li- 
 vers difappear, or alter their 
 courfe, after a dorm, and lofe 
 their name»; and fome of them 
 run for many miles under grotmd, 
 and then emerge again. Jn fome 
 parts of the ifland, indeed, where 
 it fcldum rains, the water ji 
 brackilh and unwholcfome. The 
 number of rivers in this ifland, 
 Sir Hans Sloane reckoHS to be 
 ne^r 100. Thcfe may more pro. 
 perly be called torrents j for they 
 come precipitately down (he moun- 
 tains, running but a few niiiei 
 before they fall into the fea, and 
 carrying with them in their courfe 
 large Hones, pieces of rock, and 
 timber, generally much clay or 
 earth, which fouls the water; but 
 this, after fettling fome days in 
 jars, proves good. One frequently 
 fees catarafts io the rivers among 
 the mountains 50 or 60 feet high. 
 Spring.watcr remote from the fa 
 is preferred to that of rivers or 
 ponds. The well-water near the 
 fea. as particularly at Port-Royal, 
 is brackilh, and oceafions ftuxes 
 and other difeafes to fuch as drink 
 It. Some fpringf in this iltand, 
 as well as rivers, petrify their 
 
 •• 
 
 Stic:* 
 
 and many of them navigable by 
 canoes, in which fugars are car- 
 ried from the {laBt«tioa» to the 
 
 £i!;::is:c», alio llOp 
 
 courfe. The moft remarkabU 
 river of this kind is at Abraham's 
 |Iafitaioo «n th« N* ii4« »J t^ 
 
M 
 
 il diftri^s they 
 I, being crown. 
 \\moi\ loo v«. 
 :ularly cedars, 
 gany, Ac. evtr 
 ;roves and cool 
 t of Come of 
 ! higher than 
 le of the ridge 
 lower, which, 
 I their brows, 
 ations on their 
 
 very agreeable 
 mountains con- 
 , or l}[ff clay, 
 'e always ver- 
 fhed with plan- 
 laid oat, and 
 hc(t plants in 
 eral of its li- 
 r a|t«r their 
 >rm, and lofe 
 fome of them 
 under grotmd, 
 >ain. In fome 
 
 indeed, where 
 
 the water is 
 olcfome. The 
 in this ifland, 
 reckons to be 
 nay more pro- 
 enti J for they 
 ownthemoun- 
 I a few miici 
 :o the Tea, and 
 in their courfe 
 
 of rock, and 
 much clay or 
 the water; but 
 
 fome days in 
 One frequently 
 ; rivers among 
 r 60 feet high. 
 :e from the if J 
 It of rivers or 
 water near the 
 at Port-Royal, 
 rcafions ftuxe! 
 3 fuch as drink 
 In this iltand, 
 
 petrify their 
 ip 5 heir OHS 
 ft remarkabU 
 ! at Abraham's 
 
 JAM 
 
 iflan.'. Near Port Morcnt, \n 
 the E. part of the irtand, is a hot 
 bith in a wood, the water of 
 which has been ufcj with great 
 fucccfs, by drinking as well as 
 bathing in it, for the cure of the 
 gripes, the common difeafe of the 
 cuntry. In a level ground, un- 
 der the hills in CiM>age-free bot- 
 tom, about two miles from the 
 ftM, rife a great many falt-fprings, 
 which, uniting, form what is 
 ealk'd the Salt river. Here fait 
 is made in the ponds into which 
 the fca-water comes, where the 
 moirture being exhaled b) the 
 hcit of the fun, liaves the fait 
 in great plenty, particularly at 
 111: ponds about Old Harbour, 
 «'. It is not pcrfeaiy white, 
 nnr granulated, but is in larirc 
 luiips. with a cart of red in it. 
 Here alfo arc many lakes, one of 
 which, called Rio Hoa, receives 
 « great deal of water by a river, 
 with no vifible outlet to it. 
 
 The climate of Jamaica is more 
 temperate, and the weather more 
 ▼arious, than In the Caribbee 
 Illands : and there is no country 
 between the Tropics where the 
 heat is lefs troublcfomc, the air 
 being continually cooled by bree- 
 2es from the E. frequent rains, 
 and norturnal dews. The E. and 
 W. pans of the irtand are not Co 
 agreeable, on account of the thick 
 forcfts there, as the S. and N. 
 parts, which arc not only more 
 open, but much lefs fubjea to 
 Itorms of wind and rain. The 
 air in the mountainqus parts is 
 cooler, Though it rains fre- 
 H", y '" January, yet May and 
 oaober or November are ihofc 
 Minguifhe I by the name of the 
 winter-months, on account of the 
 an and thunder, more violent 
 at fone times than others ; and 
 lametimes the rains laft for a for- 
 nignt toaether. wirlvon? sp- —. 
 termilpon.laying the level grounds 
 Kveral inches under water, and 
 rendering the roads almoO im- 
 palTftUle. AU the year rounj. 
 
 JAM 
 
 the nriornings arc ejtcefTively hof, 
 till atnnit eight o'clock, when the 
 eafterly breezes begin to blow. 
 Thefe are oiled the Doftor, the 
 people, while they lafl, being 
 able to ftir about their bufmefs, 
 and the Negroes to work in the 
 fitlds, Thefe gale» gently ap. 
 proach the Ihore, the fea before 
 thetn comini; on as fmooth as can 
 be imagined. In half an hour 
 after the breeze has reached the 
 Ihorc, it fans pretty brifltly, and 
 gradually increafcs till about la, 
 
 when it is generally nrongefl"^ 
 and lads till » or 3, when it be- 
 gins to die away till about 5, 
 when it is quite fpent, and re- 
 turns no more till next morning. 
 About 8 in the evcninc; begins a 
 lin.l-hrecze, which blows 4 leagues 
 into the fea, and continues in- 
 creafing till 12 at night; after 
 which it decreafes till 4 in the 
 morning, when no more of it is 
 to be felt till next night. ^Tho 
 fca-breezc is more violent at ome 
 times than others t and particu- 
 larly at the change or fult-mooo^ 
 when it gains very much on the 
 land-winds. And in December, 
 January, and February, wlnen the 
 N. winds reign, they blow over 
 the ridge of mountains with v5o» 
 lence, and hinder the fea-breeie, 
 wh'ch blows ftronger and longer 
 near the fea, as at Port-Royal, 
 or PafTage-Fort, than within- 
 land, as at Spanilh- Town : as, 
 on the contrary, the hnd-wind, 
 blows harder at the to*n tharr 
 it does at Pa(I*ige-Fort or Port- 
 Royal. As the trade-wind be- 
 tween the Tropics comes not di- 
 reaiy from the E. but varies 
 from N. E. to S, E. according • 
 to the place and pofition of the 
 fun ; fo the fea-breeze here has 
 the like variation, not coming 
 always from the fame point. On 
 mc coriiiaiy, iiic iaod- breezes 
 come always from the ridge of 
 mountains, and from the fame 
 point of them, on the N. and S. 
 fides. Sometimes the fi:a-bre»c 
 
I :« 
 
 JAM 
 
 blows in the winter- monthi 14 
 days ar.tt nishtt together t and 
 then no cloudi gather, hut dews 
 fall t but, if ■ N. wind blow, 
 which it fometlmes does full as 
 long in the winter-months, then 
 no dews fall, no clouds gather. 
 In the vallies among the moun- 
 tains neither of thefe breezes has 
 •nysreftt influence { but the N. 
 U'inds often blow down trees. 
 The Und'Wlnd blowing at night 
 •very way at once, and the lea- 
 breeze in the day-time, no (hip 
 can romc into port, except in the 
 day; nor any go out, but fuon 
 •tier doy-brrnk. The N. winds 
 tome in when the fun is neareft 
 the Tropic of Capricorn, and 
 confequfnMy moft to the S. This 
 U t very cold, unhealthy wind, 
 and ill moO violent in the night, 
 wheq it has the additional force 
 6f the land-wind. It checks the 
 growth of the fugar-canes, and 
 ill vegetables, oti the K. fide ; 
 but h is hindered by the ridge 
 of moantains from venting much 
 «f its fWy on the S. where it i$ 
 ftldom accompanied with rain. 
 The S. >»inds bring the mod 
 *a(Hng rains; but none from the 
 land are UOing on the S. fide. 
 Storms ufed to be Ycry rare herci 
 lill within thefe 70 or 80 years, 
 that terrible hurricanes and earth- 
 quakes have extremely incom- 
 moded vencls on the coaft. The 
 rights here are fometimes pretty 
 cool, the fun being fo far under 
 vhe horixon, that fcarce any re- 
 Wc^ed rayi enlighten the atmo- 
 fphere, which caufes an incrcafe 
 of the cold. Every night here 
 are piercing dews, which are rec- 
 koned very unwholefome, efpe 
 cially to new comers, who are 
 t<>o apt to expofe tncmrdves : 
 bat in the plains or fandy places 
 near the Tea, there are few, if 
 any fogs. The rains ant vio- 
 jcut, Muu iri€ urojpi Very Istgc. 
 The tides are fcarce dirceniibTc, 
 their incrcafe or decreafe depend- 
 ing moiily on the winds, and not 
 
 J A M 
 
 'leage 
 nights here are 
 
 according to the age of the mo n. 
 The Jays and 
 
 mod ot an equal length all tlie 
 year round; the lungeft day of 
 .ill being a little above 13 hours, 
 and the night pruporlionilily. 
 The twilight is not above t^rcc 
 (]uarters of an hour. 
 
 The months of July. Auguft, 
 and September, arc called hurri. 
 cane months, in which fcarrely 
 a year but fome fuch ftorm h^p. 
 pens in a greater or lefs degree. 
 The (Irong winds from the N. 
 bring ftorms of very lar^e hail- 
 floncs. It ligliteni almoii every 
 nigiit, but without much thun- 
 der ; which, when it docs h:ip. 
 pen, roars very terribly, and 
 often does a deal of daniii;;e. 
 Earthtjuakes here are but too 
 common, as well . s in Hifpanioli, 
 and commit dreadful devaDations 
 in this ifland, particularly thofe 
 of 1688 and 169a; as did a fire 
 not long after, that burnt dowo 
 almoH the whole reraainiog town 
 at the point called Fort-Royal, 
 which has never finre been rebuilt; 
 and mod deftniOtve hurricanes, 
 one in 1712, and another, ac> 
 companied with an earthquake, 
 in I7xa. The vallies in Jamaica 
 are very level and fniooth, wiili. 
 out rocks or Hones, or fcarcely 
 any riflng ; and the mountains 
 very fteep, and fome of theni 
 impaflable, being furrounded od 
 both fides by deep channtls 
 caufed by the violent rains. 
 
 T his iflund is fo far from being 
 all over cultivated, that it hat u 
 much lying waftc as would pro< 
 duce about three times what it 
 does at prefcnt. One third of the 
 ifland is uninhabited. There At 
 plantations round the ifland ; but 
 none at any great diflance from 
 thefea, and even one half of the 
 ground in thefe is over- run with 
 wood. The foil in fome places is 
 fo fciiiic, ihii ont acre i>i<* cccti ; 
 known to yield feveral hogfb?!^: | 
 of fugar I yet here and there are 
 favannahs, or large plains, when 
 
 J 
 
 the Indians 
 maise, and 
 ifterwards hi 
 growing iher 
 the inhabitai 
 to burn it : 1 
 quite bare ar 
 tner parts, I 
 
 S)od and fr 
 e northern 
 mould is bla 
 plarts mixed 
 but in 01 hen 
 the S. U. the 
 findf. Jama 
 of the fugar-if 
 white chalky 
 lying two o 
 which is of fo 
 that fo incrcaf 
 their crops in 
 In a wet yea 
 rank, and neve 
 The natural 
 maica are fugi 
 cotton, coffee, 
 called all-fpice, 
 cocoa, feveral 
 fome medicina 
 Iwcco; but t hi! 
 T* fort, that ii 
 J to fcrve the 1 
 
 tidionately fom 
 ears no fort ol 
 ytt it produces 
 jforn, Guinea c< 
 louskinds, bat 
 I except fome En 
 I dens, with cahl 
 I «y of roots, Fi 
 Igfeat abundance 
 land China oran 
 |«nd fweet lemon 
 IJi"oits,pomegrani 
 Ifops, papas, pin< 
 fPpies, (lar-appU 
 lAlicada-pears, po 
 Y^m, and fevcri 
 F he found eve 
 pods. But our 
 'P«.. it is obfc 
 pw here, or at I, 
 [J* places, as tna 
 ^" fruits which 
 mn climates. 
 
F the mon. 
 icre are U 
 gth all the 
 {eft day of 
 e 1^ hours, 
 >oiiion:iMy, 
 ibove tSrce 
 
 y, Auguft, 
 ailed liurri. 
 ch fcairely 
 ftorm hap. 
 left degree, 
 om the N. 
 
 lar^e hiil< 
 Imolt every 
 mich ihun* 
 
 doct hup. 
 ribiy, and 
 of aaniii;(e. 
 e but too 
 
 HiCpanioli, 
 devafliitioni 
 iilarly thofe 
 \t did a fire 
 burnt dowo 
 kining town 
 Port-Royal, 
 teen rebuilt; 
 
 hurricanei, 
 mother, ac 
 esrthquike, 
 
 in Jamaica 
 ooth, wi(h> 
 
 or fcarcely 
 
 mountaini 
 e of then 
 rounded oo 
 p channels 
 i rains. 
 
 from being 
 hat it hat u 
 would pro. 
 )es what it 
 third of the 
 There m 
 ifland ; but 
 fiance from 
 
 half of the 
 er run with 
 me places is 
 ;r6 hit cctTi 
 al hog(^rti.: 
 id there are 
 
 JAM 
 
 the Tndlani ufed to plant their 
 tna.ie, and where the Spanlardi 
 afterward! bred their cattle, .raf, 
 r'**';«;^"einnKhplenty,*,hat 
 
 the inhabitant! have been forced 
 to burn tt : ft, ,h.t now they are 
 milte bare and barren. In all o- 
 ther parts, however, the foil i, 
 Mod and fruitful, erpeclally in 
 
 mould .. blacicifh and in many 
 plans mixed wi.h potferi-carth: 
 
 the%'"/";ra'V'?'^''""y ''»*•••''• 
 the S. U. the foif ii reddifh and 
 
 fimly. Jama^a, a. well „ moft 
 
 " I,*'* '^^[K«!:-'«»"d«. h« . fort of 
 white chalky foil, called marie 
 
 lyinK two or three feet deep 
 which It of (6 hot a quality and 
 .at fo increafed hj IZI; Zt 
 heir crop, i„ ,|| ^ ft,^^„; ^ 
 
 In • wet year the' leave, grow 
 rank and never come to maturitv. 
 The natural produrtloni of Ii- 
 miica are fugar, rum, ginger 
 
 S'all'?'^"' »«?»go. Pimen'to; 
 called all.fpice, or Jamaica pepper 
 «coa. fcveral kind, of wood,.' 
 [ome medicinal drug,, and to- 
 bacca;but.hl,laft5ffoo.din'. 
 
 rrTort, that it i, only cultivated 
 
 ferve ,hc negroes, who are 
 
 pafllonatelvfond of it. Jamaica 
 
 U.noj'ortofEtiropeanVaii? 
 
 on Gu.nea corn, peafe of vari- 
 ous k.ndi, but none like our, 
 
 ens *i,h cabbagcs.^nd a vari. 
 
 XT':, F--"'** grow here In 
 ? A""*''""» «s the Seville 
 
 Id f?'?'. °""8^' "'^ common 
 1." '""**"• ftaddock,, ci- 
 ronSPomegrana.es.mamies.four- 
 
 L„ ' '-P""' Pon^Plons, melon* 
 l^-avas and feveral forts of berries 
 
 Id, T^ '""y ^'^^^ i" '''« 
 »oods But our common apple- 
 '««.. >t IS obferred. «,;ii „.» 
 
 pwhcre,oratleaflJnlyi„very 
 
 'Sc?s:tc!f^^^^f^^«^«- 
 
 JAM 
 
 Some of it, produaion, deferve 
 ■ '»'ore particular defcrlption , «, 
 :',?"«"'«'«. pimento and fug.: 
 with fome other, ., follow, cl!i J 
 «he principal regard. 
 
 Tbey have here the wild cint, 
 mof^-tree, the bark of which i, fo 
 ftrvictable in medicine 5. he m.n! 
 
 he eye with the faireft appi, in 
 the worfd.and. when cut d"wn.. 
 vei7 fine ornamental wood forrhe 
 
 omer, and cabinet-maker,; but 
 'he apple and juice, in ever^ par 
 
 ranl'lft"'*^; contain one o'^X 
 rankeft posfon,. Here i, the m«- 
 hogany, which i, i„ n.ch general 
 It *'«h u, ; of which in* V'jo 
 •hey exported to England to t ho 
 value of 50,0001. fleflJng. Vhl 
 
 nas been known to grow 170 feet 
 high, famous for a fiSjftance look: 
 •ng-.ndtaftinglikecabbage,whlch 
 grow, on the very top, tnd pro- 
 duces but one in a yeir ; for the 
 extrem, j„j„^^, y/.;/oj the 
 
 which, when dry, i, Incorruptl- 
 tool. The palma, from which \» 
 drawn a great deal of oil. much 
 fooT'Vy J?'! "'Srocs both 2 
 
 wood""ii?'f '*''* ' '^^ *hite 
 wood, which never breeds the 
 
 worm in ftip,; thefoap-tree! 
 whofe berrie, anfwer all the pur- 
 
 pofe, of wafhing ; the mangfove 
 and ol.vc.bark ufeful to tanner,; 
 the fufl,c and rcd-wood, to thi 
 dyers; and lately the logwood 
 Their forefj, alfoVupply tic^^t' 
 thecarieswi.hg„aicJE,.^Varf:';:: 
 nlla.ch.na.cafTTa, and tamarind,; 
 they have aloes too; and do not 
 want the cochineal plan'. 
 
 The whole produce of theiflind 
 •nay be reduced to thcfe general 
 heads, VIZ. fugar,, of which thev 
 export near 100,000 hogfheadj 
 30,000 puncheons, or three mil* 
 • ••rn gauons of rum; and 300,000 
 gallons of molafles; 3.000000 
 pounds weight of pimento, or fa- 
 maica rcppcr ; 500 bags of ginger 
 Of 5001b. weight each 1, 000 bfgf 
 
JAM 
 
 of cotton of iSclb. weight each; 
 and 800 caAit of cofTee of 3oolb. 
 weight each ; the indigo, formtr- 
 \y much cultivated, iinow incon- 
 Iidcrabie. With thefc they feud 
 home a corfiderabic quantity of 
 drugs for dyrrs and apothecariri, 
 fweatmeati, mahogany and man- 
 chenille plank, but fome of the 
 mod confldcrable articles of their 
 trade are with the bpanifh conti- 
 nent of New Spain, end Terra 
 Firma ; for in the former they 
 cut large quantities of logwood ; 
 and both in the former and latter 
 they drive a large and proJiiable 
 trade in negroes, and all kinds of 
 the fame European goods which 
 are carried thither frum Old Spain 
 by the flota. 
 
 Few colonies in America arc fo 
 . well flored with cattle as Jamaica. 
 Ibtfir horfcs, afles, and mnles, 
 arc very cheap ; the oKcn and cows 
 are large ; and there would be 
 much greater quantities of thefe, 
 •nly that the Englifh mind plant- 
 iiio more than grafing ; fo that 
 they are fupplicd with flcfh from 
 the northern colonies, as well as 
 the Lecwafd Iflands. Their iheep 
 are generally laryc and fat, and the 
 Hclh good, but the wool is worth 
 nothing. Here is an abundance of 
 goats, or cabrettos, rabbits and 
 hogs; ar.d their purk is as good 
 as that of Barbadoes : but here are 
 no deer nor hares. 
 
 Their bays, roads, and rivers, 
 abound with excellent fifli of all 
 kinds ; but the tortoile is by 
 much the mcft valuable, both for 
 its (hell and fifh. 
 
 Here arc all forts of fowls, wild 
 and tame; and more parrots than 
 in any of the other iflands ; be- 
 fides parroquets, fnipcs, Guinea- 
 hens, pigeons, turkeys, gctTn, 
 ducks, and poultry. The pelican 
 is about the fize of a goofe, and 
 lives on the fmall fifti it picks out 
 
 .f . I - r-- . !.. ...!..<w- .■fill <.^»^»^l 
 
 CI ii!C JCa i 113 •.VlJIJja YTIli VAIVSJU 
 
 fcven or eight feet. 
 
 The fire-flies, a fpecies of can- 
 thaiidcs^ fo called^ as contiaaiiig 
 
 JAM 
 
 and expanding their light ai they 
 fly. 'I hey look green in the day. 
 time, but glow in the night, even 
 fume days after they are dead. 
 
 Here is a great variety of birds ; 
 but the moH ren.arkable is the 
 colibry or humming-bird. 
 
 On the 7ih of June 1694, one 
 of the mod violent earthquakes 
 happened at Jamaica that perhaps 
 was ever felt, by which Pott 
 Royal was almoft entirely dellroy- 
 ed. The number of people who 
 periflied on this dreadful day wst 
 upwards of 30,000 ; and a general 
 fickncfi happened after it, which 
 CJt ofl a great many »<->ore, 
 1 hough Jamaica fufl'ered mod by 
 this earth uake ; yet it was felt 
 much about the fame t<me in mod 
 parts of the world. In the year 
 1703 was an univerfal fickncts in 
 Jamaica, which carried ofT abun- 
 dance of people : and about the 
 beginning of the following year 
 the whole town of Port Royal 
 was burnt to the ground in one 
 afternoon ; but, by the help of 
 the men of war's boats, moll of 
 the merchants faved their books 
 and money, and fome of them 
 confiderable quantities of mer- 
 chandize. 
 
 Augurt 28, 171a, arofe a hur- 
 ricane here, which lafled liotti i 
 at night till 1 in the morning, 
 whereby 14 fliips belonging to 
 the ifland were loft, together wiih 
 others from London and Briftol, 
 and 4 CO of their crews drownd. 
 On the iSth of Auguft, 17", 
 happened another hurricane in Ja- 
 maica, ainiort as ruinous at tlie 
 earthquake of Kioi. The inhabi- 
 tants were pot inio a tervibie con- 
 flci nation the day before, b) a 
 prodigious fwell of the fea. The 
 hurricane began, with a violent 
 rain, next morning at 8, and held 
 till 10 at night.- Near half of the 
 houfes at Kingflon were thrown 
 .i»...^ fA.. (b,;ii (sfSfl . The v«h«f" •. 
 at Port-Royal were all deftroyed, j 
 and moft of the fugars and oihef' 
 commodities wa&cd away. Of 
 
 16 top-fail 
 
 in the liarl 
 
 be feen af 
 
 of thefe 01 
 
 Though tl 
 
 Royal was 
 
 fice of th 
 
 thick, the 
 
 rjfing vaft r 
 
 along with 
 
 half the toi 
 
 dcllroyed, i 
 
 The who 
 
 to 19 dilh'u 
 
 fend each t^ 
 
 fembly, ap 
 
 maintenanc 
 
 parlrticsart. 
 
 Royal, Kin 
 
 Clarendon, 
 
 Weftmorela 
 
 Thomas in 1 
 
 St. John's, 
 
 the Vale ; v 
 
 rochial chui 
 
 Clarendon, 
 
 tilhes. have 
 
 cife; but tj 
 
 ver, St. Ge 
 
 Mary's, an<j 
 
 iher church 
 
 In the yeai 
 
 forts in Jan 
 
 Charles at Pi 
 
 port at the t 
 
 harbour, a f 
 
 Fori-Willian 
 
 2 fort in Carl 
 
 of the ifland 
 
 fegiments of 
 
 foot, containi 
 
 which are un 
 
 offijcrs appoi 
 
 I nor, and 8 i 
 
 Ifliejin his Mj 
 
 |in|to8oo. 
 
 BytJie law! 
 
 loun bttwcen 
 
 |«<l4o inlift in 
 
 This and 1 
 
 Initf cf Atn-i 
 
 Pnife^ion of 
 ^on; but lea 
 Row ebb, .the 
 pool in the \ 
 
VI 
 
 ir light ai they 
 
 ten in the tlay. 
 
 the night, even 
 
 :y are dead. 
 
 ariety of birds; 
 
 i.arkable it the 
 
 ig-bird. 
 
 |une 1692, one 
 
 :nt earth(]vakes 
 
 ca that perhaps 
 
 y which Port 
 
 ;ntirely de(lroy> 
 
 of people vklio 
 
 eadful day was 
 
 ; and a general 
 
 after it, which 
 
 many ki'iore. 
 
 uffercd moft by 
 
 yet it was felt 
 
 nc t<me in mod 
 
 d. In I he year 
 
 erfal fickncUin 
 
 tried ofT abun- 
 
 and about the 
 
 following year 
 
 of Port Royal 
 
 ground in one 
 
 by the help of 
 
 boats, irioll of 
 
 ed their books 
 
 fomc of them 
 
 iiilics of mcr- 
 
 2, arofe a hnr- 
 1 laflcd from i 
 1 the morning, 
 i belonging to 
 \, together with 
 on and Briflol, 
 rews drottnd. 
 
 Auguft, 17:1, 
 hurricane in ja- 
 
 ruinous at tk 
 X. The inhabi- 
 a tervibie con- 
 ly before, by a 
 .fthcfea. The 
 
 with a violent 
 g at 8, and held 
 Near half of the 
 >n were thrown 
 
 JAM 
 
 16 top-fall vefleli, and 10 floopt 
 in the harbour, only 10 were to 
 be feen after the hurricane, and 
 of thefe only 5 or € repairable. 
 Though the iown-wall of Port- 
 Royal wat 9 feet above the fur- 
 face of the wafer atid 7 feet 
 thick, the fei broke over It, car^ 
 rying vaft numbers of <arge rtonci 
 along with it. In Ihorr, above 
 half the town of Port-Royai was 
 deftroyed, and near 400 l.vei lott. 
 The whole ifl<nd ii divided in- 
 to 19 difhiftf or parifkes, which 
 fend each two members tc the af- 
 fembly, apd allow a competent 
 maintenance to a miniver. The 
 pariOicsart, St» Catherine's, Port- 
 Royal, Kingfton, St. Dorothy's, 
 Clarendon, Vere, J»t. Elizal>eth's 
 Weftmoreland, St. Anns, £t.' 
 Thomas in the Eaft, St. Andrew's, 
 St John's, and St. Thomas in 
 the Vale ; which h.ive each a pa- 
 rochial church. St. Catherine's 
 Clarendon, and St. Anne's pa' 
 nihei. have alfo each a chapel of 
 cafe ; but the parilhes of Hano- 
 «r, St. George, St. James, St. 
 Mary $, and Portland, have nei- 
 iher church nor chapel. 
 
 In the year 1736, there were Hx 
 fort! in Jamaica ; namely, Fort 
 Charles at Port-Royal, the rork- 
 port at the entrance of Kingfton 
 harbour, a fort at Port-Antonio, 
 l-ort-William, Fort-Morant, tt.d 
 
 2 fort in Carllfle-bay. The forces 
 «f the ifland confiffcd then of a 
 regiments of militia, horfe-and 
 foot, containing about 3000 men. 
 winch are under the direeiion of 
 ofhJcrs appointed by the gover- 
 nor, and 8 independent compa- 
 
 fli«inhisMajefty'spay,amcunt- 
 in| to Boo. 
 
 I •^yj''^ la»'s of the idand, every 
 man bitwcen 16 and 60 is oblijr- 
 «<l;to inlift in theirmiliria; 
 .This and ail rh« Britift colo- 
 
 'ti\ti nf A .>— : -^ _ ' 
 
 ntfeftion of the Bifhop of Lon- 
 
 on; but learning is W- at a 
 
 i * T.> '^'Cre being no public 
 
 KhQol ,n the whole ifland. Read. 
 
 J AKt 
 
 jng, writing, and carting acconipn. 
 is all the education dcfiV'd. 
 .<rT^*i adminiftratlon of public 
 affairs in Jamaica is by a gover- 
 nor, who reprcfcots the King. « 
 council of ,1, which form .he 
 upper houft, and the 43 rcpre- 
 fentatives of the people, which 
 compofc the lower houfe, and are 
 cr.olen by the pariflies. The 
 whole of the emoluments of the 
 governor in time of peace a 
 mount* to 5000I. prr annum, :he 
 annual .upply required from the 
 colony IS about 30.000I. bcfides 
 hoool the amount of its revenue^ 
 and the total of all the taxes 
 both public and parochial, is ne- 
 ver above 6o,oool. per anH. 
 
 .«^",i*71 J""""^" contained but 
 18,068 niliabitants,8564 of whom 
 were whites ,„d 9504 were blacks, 
 .n 1768 thty reckoned 17,945 
 whites, and 11)6,904 blacks, ij- 
 clodmg free negroes and mulat- 
 tos . At prefent they «;ftim,te 
 the number of plantations and 
 inhabitants as follows ! 68ofugar- 
 plantations; no cotton-works* 
 100 pimento-walks ; 30 gingerl 
 plantations j 500 breedidg.pens ; 
 600 pol.nk and p'Ovifion places • 
 150 colTte -plantations; and g 
 indigo-works: all which take up 
 and employ 600,000 acres; 18,000 
 whites; 170,000 bkcks; and 
 iSS.ooohorfes, mules, and horned 
 cattle. This number of negroes 
 require a recruit of 6000 eVerv 
 year. Among the whiles, whj 
 are all enrolled and form the mi- 
 l«>a, are reckoned 8 or 900 Jews 
 ujio arc here permuted to pofTefs 
 eltatcs. The commerce of Ta' 
 maica is very '.onfiderable, as well 
 as univcrfaf throughout Europe 
 and America ; ^nd the wjiole of its 
 annual exports are reckoned hw 
 a mean proportion at i,3io,ooof. 
 ftcrlmg, while the total of the ;«,_ 
 ports amount to only ^,o<4. cool 
 The annual ftate of^h; SfiS 
 of the rrtand is about 500, mak- 
 ing 58,000 ton*, which jjploy 
 3000 white failorst 
 
JAM 
 
 jAMRs'-BAYjihewftprn p«rt, 
 and the mod fouthern divifion of 
 Nudtbn'S'Bay, in the northern 
 countriei of America. 7'he dif- 
 tance from Cape Henrietra Ma« 
 ria, in iat. 55, 15. where Jamc»'- 
 hay begin*, to the bottom of the 
 bay, is about 100 leagues, and of 
 much the fame breadth all the 
 way, being between 50 and 60 
 leagues over. In Jamet'-bay are 
 Bear-ifland, Vincr's-iflanJ, CnarU 
 ton-iiland, Cape Hope-iiland, 
 &c. 
 
 Jame s-CouNTV, a diftri^ 
 of Virgini,!. It lies to the call- 
 ward of Charles -couniy, and ex- 
 tends on both fidi-s the river of 
 the Tame name. The lunubcr 
 of acres it contains amount to 
 108,362, and is divided into 5 
 pariihes ; namely, Waliingforil, 
 Wilmington, James-town, Mer- 
 chants flundrtd on the nurth 
 fide of the liver, and iiruton on 
 the fouih fide. 
 
 Jamks-Islan D. Sec North- 
 Main. 
 
 Jamis-River, Virginia r, it 
 has its rife within 4.0 miles of the 
 Kanhawa, a branch of the Ohio, 
 and extends as far as AuguUa. It 
 has fcveral falls, notwithllanding 
 it has a good inland navigation, 
 extends to New Virginia, ao'l 
 cnpties itfelf intoChcalapeak-bay. 
 
 James-Town, formerly the 
 capita! of James - county, is fi- 
 tualed on a peninfula upon the 
 north fide of James or Ponha- 
 tan river, forty-two miles above 
 its mouth. The buildings in this 
 place are neither msiny nor conti- 
 guous,! heir number at prefent not 
 exceeding 70, and thole princi- 
 puUy inhabited by fca-faring peo- 
 ple ; the feat of the government 
 and the Courts of Jullice being 
 removed to VVilliamlDurg, 8 miles 
 , to the north of it, which is a dry 
 and healthy fituation ; whereas 
 the water near James-town being 
 brackifli, prodficed (low and in- 
 lermiiting fevers. It lies in Iat. 
 37. j6' 'o"S' 7fr> S'- 
 
 J E R 
 
 St. James, Gr cat and Lit- 
 Ti.K, two of the fmaller Virgin 
 Ifles, fitnated in the King's Chan. 
 ncl, E. of Toriula, and W. of 
 St. Thomas, between which and 
 them is St. James's-padage. 
 
 jKKYi.-boUNDja fmail bay of 
 St. Simon's ifland, in the month 
 of the river Alatamha, in G«or. 
 gia. Here 10 or i» Hiips of 40 
 guns may fafely ride, and for its 
 defence a ftrong caftle ami b.ittery 
 were ere<fted by General Ogle- 
 thorpe. 
 
 Jkksey, New, one of the 
 provinces of America. It was at 
 its firil (ctilement, in i68i, di- 
 vided into two provinces, namely, 
 Eal^ and U ell -Jcrfey ; but in 
 Q^ Ann's reign were unite.! i:uo 
 one. It is bounded on tlic N. by 
 New-Yorl< ; I. and S. E. by the 
 Atlantic Ocean ; W. and S. W. l)y 
 the Delaware river and bay. I,at 
 bctw. 39 & 41, long. betw. 74 ^ 
 76. from London, 160 miles long, 
 60 broad. It now forms one roy- 
 al government, the king appoint- 
 ing a governor and council, and 
 the freemen chuling the memljcn 
 of the aflembly or reprelijntative 
 body of the commons. Some- 
 times the governor of New-.YorIt 
 is alfo governor of New-Jerfey, 
 jut by diftin^ commi/IIons. 
 
 The climate of New-Jirfey, in 
 general, is fomewhat warmer than 
 that of New- England or New. 
 York, by reafon of its more 
 loutherly liiuation. The produce 
 of boih the Jerfcys is all Ions of 
 grain, with horfes, black-cattle, 
 hogs, furs, flcins, and pipe-ltuves, 
 They ufed to export bread, corn, 
 flour, beef, pork, and fifh, alfo 
 hemp, fome butter, hams, bter, 
 flax-ieed, bar-iron, and lumber, to 
 the Weft-Indies; for which they 
 receive rum, fugar, &c. in return. 
 They alfo, before the prefent un- 
 happy difturbances, exported furs, 
 fkins, tobacco, pitch, tar, and 
 other prod unions to Old Eng- 
 land; which they bartered for fur- 
 niture, cioathing, &c. The New- 
 
J E R 
 
 Jtrreyfhipialfo often took whale*, 
 (he oyl and bones of which ihey 
 fent to England. At the towni 
 jenerally lie up in ih« country, 
 the trade was chiefly over land to 
 New- York. There are from loo 
 to 150, or too familiei in one 
 place, great part of which are 
 Dutch, There are in thii colony 
 two copper mines, the ore of one, 
 which is on (he PafTaick river, fold 
 for 70I. fterl. per ton ; and the ore 
 of the other, which is on the up- 
 per part of the Raritan, in 1754, 
 fold for 6*1. (Icriing, per ton. 
 
 JtRitv, East, the largcft 
 and mofl populous of the two, 
 extends cart and north for ico 
 miles all along thefe coafls, and 
 lludloii'i-rivcr, from litile Egg- 
 harbour, 10 that part of Hudfon s 
 river which is in lat. 41. and is 
 divided on the S. and VV. from 
 Weft.Jerfey, by a line of parti- 
 lion pafling from Egg-harbour to 
 Cref*ick-river, Stony-brook, and 
 the fouth branch of Rarit»n-rlver. 
 hi breadth is very unequal, being 
 la fome places much indented by 
 Weft./erfey. Tis, however, the 
 mort valuable part of the country, 
 andiifub iivided into Monmouth 
 connty on the footh of Raritan- 
 river, Middlcfex and Eflex coun- 
 ties on the north of it, and Ber- 
 gen county on HudfonVrivcr. 
 in this divifion are the following 
 counties : Middlcfex ; — Mon- 
 moiith J ^Effex ; — Somerfet; ~ 
 Bergen. 
 
 JiRSEY, West, is not fo well 
 planted as Eaft-Jerfey ; yet by 
 reafon of its navigable creeks ly- 
 ing at a convenient diftance, and 
 f'me of ihcm running up a good 
 way inland, this province is ren- 
 dered very commodioas for trade. 
 Dr. Cox, with propriety, oaufcd 
 {even coun-ties to be laid out; 
 but his fucceirors dropped the 
 P'ojcft, and, till lately, no part 
 *» this province had the name of 
 a county, except that called Cape- 
 Juy county, being a tra^ betwixt 
 Upe-Muy, its iDofl callerly point 
 
 J E R 
 
 of land, at the mouth of Dell* 
 ware-bay, and Little Rgg-har- 
 bour, dividing the two Jcffcys, 
 On this neck of land arc fcveial 
 ftraggline houfes, the principal 
 is Cox'i-hall. The falls on Ha- 
 faic river dcferves particular men- 
 tion. From a confiderable width 
 the channel becomes con traced to 
 that of about 40 yards, and the 
 current runs with great rapidity 
 till it is crofTed by a deep chafni 
 or cleft : here it falls in one en- 
 tire flieci, 70 feet perpendicularly ; 
 and one end of the cleft being 
 clofcd up, the waier rulhes out 
 at the other with incredible ve- 
 hemence, in an acute angle, to 
 its former dirertion ami breadth. 
 Thirty yards above this is another 
 fall, over rocky ledges, each 1 or 
 3 feet perpendicular. Moft of the 
 inhabitants are fifhermen, there 
 being a whalery on both Ihoriii 
 of t!ie mouth of Delnwarc-bay, 
 which, together with the river of 
 the fame name, waters all the 
 S. E. the S. and S. W. parts of 
 Wefl-Jerfey ; and the plantations, 
 fome of which are fo clofe that 
 Ihey are called a town, lie all 
 alon-^on that bay aud river ; and 
 moll of them on creeks. Mau- 
 rice-river, betwixt Cape-May and 
 Coh»n/.y-river, is the largefV in 
 all the country; and the -latter, 
 tho'only a fmall river, is deep and 
 navigible for fmall craft. Ten or 
 12 miles up the river is a town of 
 the fame name, containing about 
 80 families. In this divifion are 
 the following counties t Burling- 
 ton ; ■— Glocefler ; — Salem ; — 
 
 Cumberland; — Cape- May; - 
 
 Huntcrclon ; — Morris ; — Suf- 
 fex. 
 
 There is no eftablifhed rcligfon 
 in this province ; but here are »» 
 cimrchcs, 57 Englifh and Scotch 
 Prefbytcriaii meeting- houfcs, z» 
 l^iir<'h. in Oii3i/«rc « « D._.:n. 
 
 7 Lutfieran, i Moravian, 1 Sc- 
 paratills, and 1 Roger^cens mcet- 
 in^-hotife. There arc 130,000 
 inhabitants, includiag negroes, 
 L % 
 

 IN y 
 
 Illinois, « nstlon of Cam- 
 «la, dwelling near the lake and 
 H»er Co named. The latter ifiues 
 from Lako Dauphine, and after a 
 courfe of above aoo leagues falla 
 into the j;reai river Miflifippi. 
 
 Illinois Laks, a Urge coU 
 Ic^ion of waters, lying between 
 latiiiulc 41, and 46, and between 
 long. 89, and 94. it communl- 
 cafes, by means of a narrow chan- 
 nel, with Huron lake. 
 
 Inagua, Great and Lit- 
 tle, two iflands in the Wind- 
 ward Paflagc, the N. W. end of 
 Kf. Domingo, and well known 
 among navigators. 
 
 In DIANE, the name of a fmall 
 harbour in the illand of Cape 
 lireton. 
 
 Inverness, New, a fcttlc- 
 ment of Georgia, fu called from 
 its having been principally peo- 
 pled 'by Highlandctt, and fi-rvants 
 collcrted from the town and ftiire 
 of the fame name in the nonh of 
 Scotland, and carried from thence 
 by Captain William Mackintoft, 
 in the year 1738, by order of the 
 Georgia truUees, and under the 
 command of Capt. George Dun- 
 bar. It lies in the S. part of the 
 province, on the river Alatamha, 
 about ao miles from Frcdcrica. 
 
 John's, St. an illand in the 
 Gulf, at the entrance of the river 
 of St. Laurence, it has Nova- 
 .Scoiia on the 8. and W, and Cape 
 Breton on the E. It is fituated 
 in lotig. 63. lar. 46, 30. and is 
 Computed to be about 100 miles 
 iong from E. to W. and about 
 a6 broad from N. to S. It has 
 fevcral commodious harbours for 
 carrying on the filbery, and a- 
 bouiids with a variety of ufeful 
 limber, and moft kinds of game 
 common to the' neighbouring 
 country. This ifland was fo well 
 improved, when in the pcncflion 
 of the French, that it was juftly 
 called the granary of Caiiada. 
 wbicb it furniflied with plenty of 
 corn, beef, pork &c. and when 
 takca by tke £n^li(h had up- 
 
 I R O 
 
 wards of 10,000 head of Mifk 
 cattle, and lome of the farmeri 
 raifed ia,ooo buflicls of corn 
 annually. It has fcnral ri- 
 vers, wRtefc'^Ebound with lalmon, 
 troHt, eels, *cc and the lorround- 
 Ing fea affords plenty tf flur. 
 
 Seon, plaice, and moft kinds of 
 lell-filb. The Ifland is divided 
 into three counties, viz, King'i, 
 Queen's, and Prince's countiesi 
 which are Aihdivlded into 14 pal 
 riftics, confiding of 67 town (hips, 
 which in all make 1,363,400 
 acres, the contents of the ifland, 
 The principal towns are, George. 
 town, Charlotte-town, and Prin- 
 ces-town ; befides which are Hillf. 
 borough - town, Pownall - town 
 Maryborongh-town, &c. * 
 
 Jo N A s's So 1/ N o ,thc moft no'. 
 tluTn inlet on the wellern coad of 
 Sir Thomas I'-'mlth's bay, lying 
 near the airtic circle, in lar. 76. 
 Ipswich, New, 4 town of 
 Efll'x county, the moft northerly 
 part of the colony of Mallachu- 
 lets- Bay. Jt lies on the north. 
 Hde of Cape Amie, on the banks 
 of a fine river. 
 
 Iro(^uois, the moft confide, 
 rable and beft known\)f all the 
 Indians, as well as the ftrongeft 
 and moft powerful. 
 
 Their coun(ry Hes between lar. 
 41, and 44. and extends 70 or 
 80 leagues from E. to W. From 
 the fource of the river of the Iro- 
 quois, to that of Richelieu and 
 Sorcl ; from the lake of St. Sa. 
 crcmcnt to the Fall of Niag»ra; 
 and upwards of 40 leagues from 
 N. to S. namely, from the fpring- 
 head of the river Agniers to the 
 Ohio, which, together with Pcn- 
 fylvania, forms the fouthcrn boun- 
 dary. It is terminated on the 
 W. by lake Ontario, on the S, W. 
 by lake Eric, on rhe N. by lake 
 George and the river St. Lau- 
 rencc, and by New-York on the 
 N. E. 
 
 They arc divided into feveral 
 cantons, the five principal of 
 which are, the Tfoaantovaus, Go- 
 
JOS 
 
 yogoans, Ounotagues, Ounogoats, 
 and Agniez. 
 
 Tliefc five nations have each a 
 large village, confilHng of mean 
 huts, about 30 leagues from one 
 another, moftly featcd ^along the 
 fouthcrii coaft of like Ontario. 
 
 Sr.jOHN, OrJtfAN DE POR. 
 TO Rico, thtr capita! of the 
 illiiid of Porto Rico, iti the Weft- 
 Indics.— Sec Porto Rico. 
 
 St. John "s,^ the capital of the 
 ifland of Antiyua, in the Weft- 
 Indies. It is a regular built town, 
 on the W. Qiorc, with a good bar- 
 hour of the fame name, whofe 
 entrance h defended by fort James. 
 It is the refidence of the Govcr- 
 nor-'Jencral of the Cariblicc Lee- 
 ward Iflands, and wh^-re the af- 
 fcmbly of this illand is held, and 
 the port where the greareft trade 
 is carried on. It was fo fiourilh- 
 ing as to receive a lofs by a ftorm 
 Id the value ol" 400,000!. fterling 
 ill 1772. 
 
 St. John's, one of the Vir- 
 gin Klmdi, about 12 lca>ues E. 
 of Porco Ric ). It is about 5 
 miles long, and i hnrnd, fituated 
 about 2 leagues S. of St. Thomas. 
 1 hts IS the belt watered of all the 
 Virgin Ifles, and its harbour the 
 reputation of being better than 
 that of St. Thomas, but partes for 
 the bed to the leeward of. Anti- 
 tigua : the Englifh give it the name 
 of Crawl-Bay. N.'?witl.ftai)ding 
 tlielt advantages, there is fo little 
 gioJ land in the xdjnd, that its 
 planting and exportations form 
 only a very trifling objc^. 
 ^ Johns TON, an inland county, 
 >n the dirtria of Halifax, North- 
 Carolina. 
 
 Jo M E 3 's-To w N , in Lancafter 
 ounty, Penfylvania, fituated on 
 the Great Swatawro creek that runs 
 JiitotlieSuf^iiebannah, 9 miles W. 
 of I'ufpehocken-town, smiles N. 
 o> i^coaiion, and xi miles E. of 
 tltncr-town. 
 
 Joseph, St. a port on the W. 
 •••Ic of the i/land of Trinidad, on 
 lUc waft gf ictn FuaUf ani 
 
 JVC 
 
 near the month of Orinoco river 
 It has a garrifon and governor* 
 but the inhabitants are few, and 
 trade but trifling. It lies in lat. 
 10, 38. Jong. 60, tj, and is fub- 
 jcCi fo Spain. 
 
 JycATAN,orYi;cATAN,one 
 of the 7 provinces of the audience 
 of Mexico. It is a peninfula, 
 furronnded on the W. and N. by 
 the gnlph of Mexico, between 
 the bay of Campeachy on the 
 S.W. and that of Honduras on the 
 S. K. having the little province of 
 Tahafco on the S.W. and that of 
 Vera-I^az in the audience of Gua- 
 timala on tlie S. where it is Joined 
 to the continent by an ifthmas 
 not 40 leagues broad. This, in 
 a]! rcfpefts, is a very noble coun-' 
 try. it extends from lat. 17 icy 
 21, 30. and from long. 91 togj^ 
 This climate is very warm, in 
 fummer. which begins about A- 
 pril, and ends in September. It 
 i-ircly rains here during ilw winter 
 fear)n, though the weather is to- 
 lerably cool, except in January 
 and February, which arc almoft 
 as hot as in the middlc^ of funi- 
 mer. It is, however, a very heal- 
 thy country, efpeciaJly a large 
 mountainous traa,e)acnding hoar 
 Salamanca on the W. to the eaft- 
 crn boimdary, where is Cape Ca- 
 toche, and where tiic natives live 
 to a vaa age. Tile fouth fide of 
 this ridge is ill peopied, and worfe- 
 cultivated, for want of water;, 
 but the north part is very papu- 
 lous, being rendered* p^eafant by 
 gentle breezes; though the fun 
 it very hot.. The days and nights 
 are nearly ccjual all the year. The 
 foil, when properly cultivated,, 
 produces great quantities of corn, 
 cotton, and indljto. AH forts of 
 ea-.tle, wild bcafts, honey, wax^ 
 andfo*l, are here in great plen- 
 ty ; and on tiie aoaft are fo>>>! J 
 hrgt pieces of amber : bin as no 
 mines were ever difcovcred in thi* 
 country, the .Spaniards arc not 
 foit^l of making (ettlements here j 
 fo th it ii abounds myitlv wiih lit- 
 
KEN 
 
 dians, fub}t<fl to the Spaniards, 
 M'lio employ them in making fak 
 in the hay of Campeachy. where 
 they are foiccd to endure ail the 
 extremities of the weather, with- 
 out fo much as a hut to (helter 
 them : tlicy likewifc keep their 
 .catfle,. and do every oth^r fcrvile 
 .•ffice for them. This peninfula 
 has very few rivers, but wells 
 without number; and wherefo- 
 ever they die up the land, abun. 
 ^•nce of fbclls are found, which, 
 ,nrith the iownefs of the country, 
 #nd (hallowncfs of the Tea about 
 it, has induced many to think 
 that thie greateft part of it was 
 once under water. 
 
 The capital of Yucatan is Cam- 
 peachy ; in the bay of which, and 
 of Honduras, the ibrmer lying on 
 the W. and the latter on the E. 
 Cde qf this province, the Englilh 
 Cut their logwood. See Cam^euchy 
 And Honduras, 
 
 K. 
 
 KAPPAS, a favage tribe of 
 Illinois Indians, in Louifi- 
 ana j they lie a little above the 
 Sothbuis. This nction was for- 
 jmsrly very numerous, before the 
 ^iicovery of the Miffifippi. There 
 is not, perhaps, in ail Louifiana, 
 a country more proper for pro- 
 (iucing all forts of grain ; and it 
 iibounds in pafture for cattle. 
 
 KcNpKRHooK,atown in New- 
 York, 1 mile E. of Hudfon's ri- 
 ver, 4. N. E. of Lunenburg, 10 
 ^. of Livingrton, and 35 from 
 Kingdon. 
 
 Kenedeg RiVer, theboun- 
 .dary between Lincoln and York 
 .countics,inNew-Hampfhiie, New- 
 England. 'I'hii river bcgyis in 
 •lat. 45, 20. long. 69, JO. where 
 is a iarrying-place 10 the river 
 Cbandicrc, whicli enabled Arnold 
 to approach St. Laurence river. 
 It runs ncarlv N» an;! S nvf- f-_ 
 Ttral falls. It has a communica- 
 tion by a carrying-place 10 the ri~ 
 vcr Peaob/cot, Ua it is buiU 
 
 KIN 
 
 Fort Halifax, and Fort Wefiern, 
 where is a tall, and the head of 
 t'lcTyde- Water, andwhere (loops 
 of 90 tons burthen can arrive 
 being 3c miles dillant from Mcrryl 
 meeting bay. 
 
 Kent, a town in Litchfield 
 county, Comieaicut, 9 miles N. 
 of Woodbury, and 7 S. of Corn- 
 wall. 
 
 Kent, a county in the E. dii 
 vifion of Maryland, and an ifland 
 of the fame name in Cheafapeak 
 bay. 
 
 Kent Island, an ifland is 
 mile* long from N. to 5. and ( 
 from E, to W. in Cheafapeak bay, 
 Maryland. 
 
 Ki cAPOus, a favage people of 
 Canada, who, with the Mafiontins, 
 inhabit a very fine country, cfpe- 
 ciully that which extends itfch S. 
 to the Illinois river. 
 
 Ki ng's, or Pear^ Islan-d, 
 a fmall ifland in the bay of Pana- 
 ma : h belongs to Spain, and it 
 famous for its pearl fifliery, and 
 lies in Jat. 7, 12. long. 81, 36. 
 
 Ki LLiSTiNQNS, a people of 
 Canada, oihcrwife called Crifti. 
 naux, or Cieck« 
 
 King's-County, in New- 
 York, iicsoppolitc to New- York, 
 on the N. fide of Long ifland. 
 The inhabitants are all Dutch, 
 and, having a good foil near our 
 markets, are generally in eafy cir« 
 cumftances. The county which 
 is very fmall, is fertile in every 
 part, and contains feveral pleafant 
 villages. 
 
 K 1 N G,s T o N, a pretty well 
 built and populous town, in the 
 province of New -York, fuuated 
 on the banks of Hudfon's or 
 Iroquois -river, about 90 milei 
 from its mouth. It is inhabited 
 by EngHfti and Dutch, hut the 
 houfes are ftiaggling, except a- 
 bout 100 that are pretty com* 
 paA ; and thefe, indeed, are the 
 
 
 
 vcr CEfopiis, from Ncw-Jer/ijy, 
 falls into liudfon's- river, near 
 the tOMn, bj aicaos of which 
 
K I vN 
 
 there is a good communication 
 between the two provinces. 
 
 K I N G s TO w ,a tovn of [am jica, 
 one of the Antilles [Hands, in the 
 Weft-Indies. It ftands on the 
 N. fide of Port-Royal bay, in the 
 countv of Surry, and is now the 
 capital of the ifland ; at leaft the 
 place where moft of the ftipping 
 of Jamaica load and unload : it 
 is at prefent a feparate parifti of 
 itfelf, but formerly belonged to 
 that of St. Andrew s t it is about 
 five miles from Port Royal by 
 water, between which is Fort 
 Paflage, a village of le houfes, 
 but not lefs than 15 by land, and 
 withal a very bad road to it. All 
 the way round by land from Spa- 
 nifh Town, on the N. W. it is 19 
 miles, And only 12 another way ; 
 namely, 6 by water, and 6 more 
 by land. It is feated at the bot- 
 tom of a derp bay on the S. coaft, 
 where (hips of zoo tons come up 
 to the key. 
 
 This town was built in 1691, 
 from a plan of colonel Lilly's, 
 after the great earthquake which 
 dcftroyed Fort -Royal. It has the 
 harbour of the letter place on the 
 S. W. and Sir William Beeaon's 
 lands on the W. and N. This is 
 a pretty town, containing 1665 
 hoults, well fltuated, and daily 
 increafing. It is laid out into little 
 fquarcs, with wide regular ftreets 
 and crofs ftreets at rigiit angles ; 
 being a mile and half long, and 
 half a mile broad. It is the re- 
 fidence of the mofl confidcrable 
 merchants, whofe (bips load and 
 unload here : »nd its inhabitants 
 arc 11,000, among whom are 
 5000 whites, and 12qo free ne- 
 groes and mulatfoes : this renders 
 ft a place of vafl trade ; and there 
 are never lefs than zoo veflels in 
 the bay before it, infomuch that 
 it almoft vies with Port Royal. 
 The harbour is fpacious, is capa- 
 bic of admitting 1000 fbips at a 
 time; and the fbips lie land 
 locked ; but the peninfula which 
 covers them from the fca bein^ 
 low and narrow, thej fra ^ot jJtg. 
 
 LAB 
 
 gether fafe from ftorms. It muf- 
 ters 10 companies of foot, anil 
 2 troops of horfe, being in all 
 about II hundred men. Here 
 is one church, a Jewifh fyna,. 
 gogUe, and a quaker's meeting- 
 noufe. It fends three reprefenra- 
 tives to the adembly. Here are 
 held the quarter fcffions, beHdes » 
 court of common-pleas every t«v» 
 months; and a receiver-general, 
 naval officer, fecretary, and fur- 
 ▼eyor of the ifland, are obligeti 
 to keep offices here. Upon an 
 average of ao years, the (hips that 
 go out annually from this port 
 amount to 400. Lat. 17,40. long, 
 75. 5*' 
 
 Kingstown, the capital of 
 the ifland of St. Vincent, one of 
 the Caribbee Iflands, which (lands 
 on a bay of the fame name at the 
 S. W. end of the ifland. It is the 
 rcfidencc of the governor, and the 
 place where the aflcmbly of the 
 ifland meet. 
 
 KiTTERY, a town in York 
 county, Maflachufets-Bay. It is 
 fiiuated the moft S. of the whole 
 '.'ounty, near Pifliataqua Harbour, 
 between York and Portfmomh. 
 
 Ko NOMAS SET, a maritime 
 town with a harbour, in Sufl^olk 
 county, Maflachufets-Bay, off 
 which are feveral rocks that bear 
 the fame name. It is fltuated 
 about 5 miles E. of Hingham, and 
 4 N. of Situate town and harbour, 
 
 KoNoNiKuT Ifland, in Nar- 
 ragaofet-bay, Rhode-lfland, is a 
 long narrow ifland, being above 7 
 miles from N. to S, and not above 
 one where broadefl. 
 
 L. 
 
 LABRADOR, one of the 
 northern countries, called 
 alfo New Britain and Es- 
 KtMAux. It lies to the S. W, 
 of Grocnland. It has Hudfon'f 
 Straits and part of the Atlantic 
 Ocean on the N. E. and the latter 
 alfo on the E. On the S. E. it i« 
 divided from Newfoundland bjf 
 the Auits of fi«UcUlci on tli« 
 
LAN 
 
 S. It has the gulph and river of St. 
 Lanrence, with part of Canada ; 
 ind on the W. Hudfon's Bay. It 
 extends from lat. 50 to 6.3, S. 
 from long. 51 to 79, W. It is 
 aimofi of a triangular form, but 
 we have no knowledge of the in- 
 land parts of the countiy, and 
 only an imperfcft oneof the coaft. 
 The great poverty and ferocity of 
 the people who live near the fea- 
 Oiore, with the cxcefTIve coldnefs 
 of the climate, have deterred 
 Europeans from fettling any colo- 
 nies here. The natives hunt for 
 furs, in which they carry on a 
 traffic with the Europeans., This, 
 with the coaft on Hudfon's Bay, 
 and the neighboiKing country, 
 was ceded by France to Great 
 Britain by the treaty of Utrecht, 
 in 17,1 3' - 
 
 Among all the people known in 
 America, none are fo conform- 
 able to the idea conveyed by the 
 word favagcs as the Efkimaux, 
 who are, in all rcfpefls, a very 
 brutal people,— See Eskimaux. 
 
 1. A B R A DO R-L A K E S, the 
 
 name of fcveral colleftions of 
 water in Cape- Breton, which 
 empty tliemfclves caftward into 
 the fca, by two channels of une- 
 qual breadth, formed by the ifle 
 of Verdcronne, or la Bourlarderie, 
 which is 7 or 8 leagues long. 
 
 Lancaster, a county and 
 town in Penfyivania. The county 
 is bounded on the E. by Cliefter 
 connfy, N, E. by Berks county, 
 W. by Cumberland county, and 
 S. W. by York county. The 
 town is fi'uated near the great 
 Conefto;;e Creek, which runs into 
 the Suf^nehannah Rivtr ; 6 miles 
 S. of Lents, 10 miles E. of tKe 
 Sufquehannah River, and 60 VV. 
 of Philadelphia, and contains 
 above joo families. 
 
 Lancaster. Bay, a found 
 or inlet on the weflern coaft of 
 Sir Thomas Smith's Bay. The 
 furthermoft part lies in lat. 74 xo, 
 N. the moft northerly is called 
 Alderman fonas's foUod, andlics 
 in lat. ^^e. N. 
 
 LEO 
 
 Lapii Lazuli Rock, t 
 
 fmall rocky ifland, ilmoO co- 
 vered wWh the fca, near the coaft 
 of Nova-Scotia. It lies about 
 3-4ths of a league from the ifle 
 Manano, and (hews the pafTage 
 into St. John's river, on the north 
 fide of Fundy-bay, and La Plate, 
 
 Lkbanon, a town in Lancaf- 
 ter county, Penfyivania, 7 miles 
 N. W. of Heidelbergh, and the 
 fame diflancc S. W. of Tulpe- 
 hocken town, and 6 S. E. of 
 Jones's, and 16 E. of Hummel's 
 town, on a branch of the great 
 Swatawro Creek, which runs iuio 
 the Suf^uehannab River. 
 
 Leeds, a town in RichmonJ 
 county, Virginia, on Uic N. fide 
 of Rappahanock River, 14 milcj 
 E. of Port-Rpyal. 
 
 Lkicestfr, a town in Wor« 
 cefter county, MafDchufets-Bay, 
 7 miles W. from Worceder, u 
 N. of Oxford, and 6 S. of Old 
 Rutland. 
 
 L E M A I R I , fee Maire Strait. 
 
 Lents, a town in Lancafter 
 county, Penfyivania, 6 miles N. 
 of Lansader, 7 S. W. of Euphrata, 
 
 5 S. E. of M^nhe^m, and 3 miles 
 E. of a branch of the Coneftago 
 Creek, which runs into theSuf^ue- 
 hannah River. 
 
 Leon, a town of the province 
 of Panuco, in Mexico. It has 
 rich mines, and lies 30 leagues 
 N. of Mechoacm, and 55, N. VV. 
 of the city of Mexico. 
 
 St. Leon t>E Car ACAs,ac!ty, 
 the capital of the province of the 
 Caracas, fituated on a river, about 
 
 6 leagues S. from the coaft, en- 
 clofed by mountains. The valley 
 in which it ftands is afavanna.or 
 meadow, well watered and very 
 health y^ about 3 leagues long and 
 one broad in the middle ;. whofe 
 only entrance-is through a crooked 
 and ftcep road. This valley is 
 
 of an immenfe height ; thofc oi» 
 the W. and S. are not fo high,. 
 The city is near a mile long ; the 
 houfes handfome and well fur- 
 nilhed, the (Irccti tcgahi, (haight, 
 

 LEW 
 
 Kid broad, cutting each other at 
 right angles, and terminating at a 
 magnificent fqnare in the center. 
 The number of inhabitants are 
 about 4 or 5000, moft of them 
 owners of the plantations of 
 cocoas, which 12 or 13,000 ne- 
 groes cultivate in the rich vallics, 
 which is the onlycultivation they 
 have. ' 
 
 I.KWis, the principal <own of 
 Suflex, one of the Delawar coun- 
 ties of Penfylvania. It is large 
 and handfome, and fituatcd on 
 the beautiful bank of a river, the 
 mouth of which forms the liar- 
 bonr. Before Lewis is Cape Hin- 
 iopen, or Cape William ; and 20 
 miles below that Cape James 
 the boundary of Penfylvania. ' 
 L E w I s B u R G . -Sec LowJhouTg, 
 Lewis, the chief port of 
 Granada, one of the Caribbcc- 
 iflands, in the WeH-Indies, It 
 ftands in the middle of a iarge bay 
 on the W. (ide of the ifland, with 
 a fandy bottom, where 1000 
 Ihips, from 3 to 400 tons, may 
 ride fafe from ftorms. The bar- 
 hour is remarkably capacious, be- 
 ing fuflicicnt for 100 fail of jooo 
 tons to moor in. Near the har- 
 bour is a large round bafon, part- 
 ed from it by a fand-baok, which, 
 if cut, would be capable of hold- 
 ing a very great number of vef- 
 fels; but by reafon of this bank, 
 great fhips are obliged to pafs 
 Within 80 paces of one of the two 
 little mountains which are at the 
 month of the harbour, and about 
 half a mile afunder. Upon one 
 of the^e a fort has been erecfted 
 with a half moon in front, and b- 
 ther regular works all of good 
 "one. The fort between the har- 
 bour and the bafon is of wood, 
 «S feet fquarc, and encompaaed 
 *ith a ftrong palifado of entire 
 trfes. At the two corners to- 
 wards the fea are two little wooden 
 r-ivihons, in one of which the 
 commander rcddes. M. Parquet, 
 Its hr(t proprietor, lived in a great 
 wiiderncis cj.compaifing the nioun- 
 
 L I M 
 
 tain, near the harbour, at the foot 
 of which are magazines built of 
 bricks and timber. The church, 
 which is near the fort, is built of 
 ""« 'aid ypon forks, and the in- 
 iidchas the fame mean appearance. 
 Ir Parquet's time, at every 6th 
 cottage there was a little fentry- 
 box ererted, two ftories high, to 
 which the inhabitants of every fix 
 habitations retired in the lUght, 
 to prevent their being furpnzcd 
 by the favages. 
 
 LEXiNGroK, afmall town in 
 Middlefcx county, in Maflachu- 
 fets-Bay, about 12 miles W. of 
 Charles Town, between which 
 place and Concord, about 4 miles 
 diftant, is the fpot remarkable 
 for the commencement of open 
 hoflilities in the prcfcnt diftur- 
 bances in that part of the world 
 on April 10, 1775. 
 
 Li ME, a town in New London 
 county, Connecticut, the coaft of 
 Long Ifland found, W. of New 
 London, and E. of Saybrook. 
 
 Lincoln, a county the moft 
 northern of Maflacbufeu - Bay, 
 formerly part of the territory of 
 Sagadahok, bounded on the N, 
 by Canada, on the E. by Nova- 
 Scotia, W. l?y Cumberland, and 
 S. by the Atlantic. It is laid out 
 into townlhips, for which fee th« 
 article Main, 
 
 Litchfield, a coonty in* 
 Connertlcut,whofe boundary N. it 
 Hampfhire in Ma(Iachufets-Bay j 
 on the E. Hartford county; S, 
 Fairfield and Newhaven counties; 
 and, on the W. part of New 
 York. 
 
 LiTCHFiEtD, the capital of 
 the foregoing county, and has 
 Woodbury %\ miles S. Kent th« 
 {lime diflance S. W. and New 
 Cambridge 17 miles S. E. 
 
 Livingston, a town on the 
 E. banks of Hudfon's river, New 
 York, *s miles N.E. from Kina- 
 iton, and 5 S. E. from Salilbury? 
 
 LoN DO ^f , fee Nexv London, 
 
 London, a town in the V^", 
 divifion of Maryland, « S, W. »f 
 
 m 
 
L O N 
 
 AnnapoUi, on the S. bank of the 
 South river. 
 
 Long - Island, fumetimei 
 •ailed Naflau-ifland, • large ithnd 
 in the province of New- York. It 
 kat Staaten-ifland, and (hat in 
 which New-Yoric liei, on the N. 
 tnd N. W. the colony of Con- 
 lieAicut on the N. and the Atlan- 
 tic ocean on the £. and S. It is 
 not above i6 miles in breadth, 
 hut 1 30 in lensth, Aretching it- 
 felf alonz Fairficld-couniy, in 
 Kew-England, near the moiilh of 
 Nudfon'c river, being furnilhcd 
 every where with convenient har- 
 bours. A channel of 100 miles 
 long, and 11 broad, divides it 
 from (he continent. It contains 
 the Counties of Suffolk, King's, 
 and Queen's county. The trade 
 which the F.nglifh drive here is in 
 furs and (kins ; tobacco, as good 
 as that of Maryland; horfrs. beet, 
 pork, peas, wheat, and all forts 
 6f Englifh grain, which here yield 
 • very great increaTe. Thcfe they 
 lend to the fugar colonies, and 
 liavc fitgar, rum, cotton, and in* 
 digo, in return. The foil is like- 
 wife fo good, that all other fruits 
 and vegetables thrive here, toge- 
 ther with flax, hemp, pumpkins, 
 meioTis, &c. In the middle of 
 it is Jam?tica or Hampftead plain, 
 24 miles long, and 4 broad, with- 
 cwt a ft'ck or a ftone on it. It is 
 ao miies from New- York ; Con- 
 BcAicut (ippofite to it ; Ncw-Jerfey 
 30 miles difUnt; Philadelphia! 10; 
 Maryland 130; Rhode-Ifland 150 
 miles; the land fertile enough to 
 fupport an army, without fuccour 
 from elfewhere. 
 
 There being an excellent breed 
 of horfcs in this ifland, the mili- 
 tia regiment is cavalry : and there 
 were racei on the plain tw-ce a 
 year for a filver cup, to which the 
 gentry of Nevv*£ngiandand New- 
 Yoi k reforted. There arc alfo two 
 or three other plains, each about 
 a mile fa>iare, which arc very 
 convenient to the nci^hboujing 
 towns, 
 
 LOU 
 
 Several iflands lie ofT the coaft, 
 particularly the eaflcrn ; but nunc 
 of them arc inhabited. 
 
 They have alfo here a whale- 
 filhery, fending the oil and bone 
 to England, in exchange for ci laths 
 and furniture. The other fiilic. 
 ries here are very confiderible. 
 
 Lo R E M BE c— See Lou'Jbourgi 
 
 LoRKTTO, a fmall village of 
 Chriflian Indians, three Icagurs 
 N. E. of Quebec, in Canada. It 
 has its name from a chapel built 
 according to the model of ilie 
 Santa Cafa at Loretto, in Italy; 
 from whence an image of the 
 Holy Virgin has been fcnt to the 
 converts here, rcfembling that in 
 the famous Italiin fan^tiary. 
 
 1.0 RE TTo, Lady of, apUce 
 at the diftriift of St, Dennis, in 
 the ilthmus of California; the 
 Indians call it Concho. Here is 
 a fniall foit, ert-ftcd by the mif- 
 fionaries, crifiOing of four baf. 
 tions, and furrouuded by a deep 
 ditch. 
 
 LovDON, FokT, a caftle e- 
 reAed in the country of the Che> 
 rokces. 
 
 LovK-covE, a fine opening 
 to the weftward of Whale-cove, 
 in New N. Wales, and the Arftic 
 countries of America, and fup« 
 pofed to be^the paflage into the 
 South-Sea. 
 
 Louis, ForTj a fcttlemcnt 
 ererted by (the French near the 
 mouth of the river Coza, in Flo- 
 rida, about ac leagues N. E. of 
 the neareft mouth of the Miniifip- 
 pi, and till the late peace in 1763 
 the ufual rcfidence of the princi- 
 pal goNCrnor of I^uifiana. 
 
 Louis, St. the capital town 
 of Guadaloupe, Grand- Terre. It 
 has a fortrefs 3 leagues to the 
 S. E. of the Salt-river. Several 
 Confidcrable additions have ban 
 made to it fince the peace of n63, 
 and an additional town planned, 
 to be called Le Bourg, wiiicli will 
 be the handfomefl in the colony. 
 
 LouisBOURG, the capital oi 
 the JiUnd of Capc-Uivioii. I's 
 
 MP. ^ ... 
 
 "■ ". to a. w . 
 
I. o u 
 
 hirbour is one of ihe finert in that 
 country, being almofl 4 Icaguei in 
 circuit, and 6 or 7 fathom water 
 in every part of it. 
 
 Tlicaijchorage, or mooring, is 
 good, and (hipi may run a-ground 
 witliout any danger. Its entrance 
 1$ not above 300 toifes in breadth 
 formed by two fmall iflands, and 
 n known 11 leagues off" at fea, 
 by Cape Lorcmbcc, fituatcd near 
 the N. E. fide of it. H,-re is vaU 
 pltnty of cod, and the fifhcry may 
 be continued from April to the 
 clofc of December. 
 
 It was taken from the French 
 by the Englilh fleet, under Sir 
 Pttcr Warren, and our American 
 forces, commanded by Sir Wil- 
 lijm Pcpperd, in the year 1745, 
 but ..ftcrwards rellorcd to France 
 by the treaty of Aix^la-chapclic! 
 Ill 1748. '^ * 
 
 It was again taken by the Eng- 
 lifli, under the command of Ad- 
 miral IJolcawcn and Lieutcnant- 
 Gcneral Amiicrft, on the 27th of 
 Jiiiv, 1758, and its fortifications 
 dcmolilhcd. 
 
 Tlie town of Loui/bourg {lands 
 on a point of land on the S. £. 
 Me of the ifland ; its (Jreets are 
 regular and broad, conliaing for 
 Ihe mofl part of Hone hoVcs, 
 with a large parade at a little difl 
 tanccfroin the citadel; the infide 
 "f which js a fine r4uarc, near 200 
 
 Ijbilc poffcfled by the French 
 (cod (he governor's hoiife and 
 "><! church; (he other fides were 
 taken up with barrackc, b»mb- 
 proof ; ,„ which the French fc- 
 wed their women and children 
 Junng the fiegc. The town is 
 
 ne..rh^|f an Englifli mile in length. 
 and a m circuit. 
 
 ,„^r '" r^l.'"^""*" '* '"°" 'ha" half 
 ""Eiighlh mile in breadth, from 
 t,T''\l-^- '" 'he na, oweft 
 P^'«; and 6 miles in length, from 
 
 LOU 
 
 ofrh/k^^* .»'>'hex\.t. part 
 Jx 7 harbour .s a fine careening 
 
 feci 5° ''''^f ''*'^"' ^"J very 
 '«ure from all winds. On thi 
 
 oppofite fide are the filbing ftjireiJ 
 am room for aooo boats to cur. 
 ineir filh. 
 
 In winter the harbour is totaU 
 ly imprarticable, being entirelf 
 Irozen up, foas to be walked ovrri 
 which leafon begins here at the 
 clofc of November, and lads till 
 Mayor fune: fomctimesthefrofti 
 K-t m Tooncr, and are more in. 
 tcnfc; M particularly in 17^,-, 
 when by the middle of Oa„ber 
 a great part of the harbour wai 
 already frozen. 
 
 The principal, if not the only, 
 trade of Louilbourg is the cod- 
 filhcry, from which vail profits- 
 accrued to the inhabitants; the 
 plenty „f fifh being remarkable, 
 and at the fame time better than 
 any about NcwtVandland. Their 
 wcu'ih cohhfted in their flore- ' 
 houfes, fome within the fort, and 
 others along the Ihore ; and in 
 the number of filhing barks. 
 One inhabitant maintained forty 
 or fifty, with 3 or 4 men to 
 each, with a fettled falary, but 
 were obliged to deliver a certain 
 numlwrof liandard filh. So that 
 the cod Uore houfes never failed 
 of being filled againft the time 
 thelhips reforted hither vdth pro- 
 vifions and oihcr goods in ex- ■ 
 change for ihis hih » vefrels 
 alio from the colonies brought 
 fiigar, tobacco, coffee, rum, &c 
 and returned loaded wi^h cod •* 
 andanyfurplus, aficr Louilbourg 
 vvai fupplicd, found a vent in 
 Canada; the return from which 
 was made in beavers ikins and 
 other fine furs. 
 
 l.ooifbaurg lies in lat. 45, ,55. 
 
 'ong- 59. 50. from the meridian 
 of Lonjon. 
 
 Louisiana, a country of 
 pretty large extcni. It is bounded ■ 
 on the S. l)y the Gulph of Mex- 
 >co ; on the N. by the river Illi, 
 nois. and thf tfrvUn^:^. ^e ..t.. 
 
 Paniaflus, Paoducas, Ofages, Tro- - 
 nonte, Tecagas, Chavanons, and 
 
 other wild Indians ; on the E. by . 
 
 Wea Florida, Georgia, and Caru' » 
 
LOU 
 
 lina ; and on the W. by New 
 Mexico, and New Spain. It 
 (Iretches from N. to S. about 15 
 deff- namely from lat. 25 to 40; 
 and from £. to W. about 10 or 
 II degree*^ that is, from long, 
 86 to 96 or 97, for the limits are 
 not precifely fixed. M. de Lifle 
 gives it a much greater extent, ef- 
 peciatly on the N. fide, which he 
 joins 10 Canada t {0 that part of it 
 is bounded by New- York, Pen- 
 fylvanJa, Virginia, &c. and on the 
 W. by the rivers Bravo and 
 S^lado. 
 
 Notwirhftanding the fevcra! 
 attempts of the Spaniards and 
 French to make iiettlemcnts in 
 this country, which gwneraily mif- 
 carried, it appears that the latter 
 had hardly any tolerable fettle- 
 xncnisin it tilli720,except that of 
 Ifle Dauphine, on the bsnks of 
 the Mobile, about So leagues £. 
 oC the mouth of the Milfifippi. 
 They indeed increafed their let- 
 tlements fince, both along fome of 
 the coafts, and the banks of the 
 Mobile and MiiTlfippi, which are 
 iRConfiderable, that of Ifle Dau- 
 phine and Fort Lewis excepted. 
 In 1769, the French gave up the 
 whole of the country to the Spa- 
 niards. 
 
 The inhabitants sf Louifiana 
 differ in general from thofe of 
 Canada, in being more fprigbtly 
 and a^ire, lefs thoughtful and 
 moiofe ; their Chiefs are more 
 abTolute, and their government 
 more polite. They kntw nothing 
 of any infiruments made of iron 
 and dee), much lefs of fire-arms, 
 *till the coming of the French, all 
 their cbtting-tools being very in- 
 genioufly made of fharp flints, and 
 they ufcd them with equal dexte- 
 rity. Their principal ornaments 
 are bracelets, pendants, and col- 
 lars ; fome of pearl, but fpoiled 
 for want of knowing how to bore 
 them. 
 
 Several of the riverv^: vibich 
 overflow at certain feafons, ren- 
 der the country very p leafant and 
 
 LUC 
 
 fertile. Nothing is more delight* 
 ful than the meadows, which are 
 well adapted to^agriculiure. In 
 fome parts the ground yields three 
 or four crops : for the winter con- 
 fifts only in heavy rains, without 
 any nipping frofts. 
 
 All the trees known in Europe 
 flourilh here, together with a great 
 variety of others unknown to us; 
 fuch as the tall cedars, which 
 diflil an odoriferous gum ; and 
 the cctton-tree, which is here of a 
 prodigious height. 
 
 The whole country abounds 
 with variety of game, fowl, cattle, 
 and every thing neceflary for 
 life. 
 
 Louifiana abounds with rivers, 
 the principal of which, befides the 
 Miffifippi, are^ St. Francis, the 
 river of Oxen, the Black river, 
 and the Mobile, which waters 
 one of the fiinefl countries in the 
 world, and forms at its mouth a 
 noble bay. 
 
 LocAYAS, or Bahama 
 Islands, aclufterof iflands in 
 the Atlantic Ocean, difcovered by 
 Columbus in his long fearch after 
 America.— See Bahama. 
 
 Lv CAY o Island, one of the 
 Bahama ifles, about 70 leagues, 
 £. of the Coaft of Florida, and 6 
 from Bahama Ifle. It is about 
 9 leagues long and 2 broad, vvhofe 
 name has been given to the whole 
 range. Long. 78, 5. latitude 
 27, 27. 
 
 Lu CAY ONE QUE, another of 
 the Bahama Iflcs which lies about 
 9 leagues further £, than the for* 
 mer, whofe length is 28 leagues, 
 and breadth 3, and lies North 
 and South. 
 
 LuciA, St. by the French 
 called Sainte Aloufie, from its 
 being difcovered on St. Lucia's 
 day ; one of the Caribbee Iflands, 
 6 miles S. of Martinico, and 2I 
 N. W. of Barbadoes. It is about 
 27 miles long, N. and S. and 12 
 broad. Here are feverai hills, 2 
 of which being very round and 
 ftecp, arc called the Pins-beads of 
 
LUC 
 
 Su Lucy, and were volcano*. At 
 the f»>ot of them are fine valleys, 
 having a good Toil, and well 
 watered. In thefe are tall trees, 
 with the timber of which the 
 planters of Martinico and Barba. 
 does build their honfes and wind- 
 mills. H«re it alfo plenty of co- 
 cao and fuftic. 
 
 The airis reckoned healthy, the 
 hills not Ijeing fo high as to inter- 
 cept the trade-winds, which al- 
 ways fan it from the E. by which 
 means the heat of the climate is 
 moderated, and rendered aereca> 
 ble. ' 
 
 In St. Lucia are fevcral com- 
 modious bays and harbours, with 
 good anchorage; particularly one, 
 caHed the Little Careenage, one of 
 the principal inducements for the 
 French to prefer it to the other 
 Neutral Iflands. This port has 
 feveral united advantages ; there 
 is every where depth enough, and 
 the quility of the bottom is excel- 
 lent. Nature has formed there 
 three caresning-places, which do 
 not want a key, and require no- 
 thing hilt a capftcrn to turn the 
 keel above-ground. Thirty fhips 
 of the line might lie there, (bci- 
 tered from hurricanes, withont 
 the trouble of being moored. 
 The boats of the country, which 
 luye been kept a long time in 
 this barbou-, have never been 
 «t by the worms; however, they 
 <io not expe<a that this advantage 
 will laft, whatever be the caufe. 
 For the other harbours, the winds 
 •re always good to go out with, 
 and the largeft fquadron might be 
 in the offiig jn lefs than an hour. 
 This ifland his been poflefled 
 »nd quitted by the Englilh and 
 French alternately, more than 
 once. But at laft the Courts of 
 both Rations agreed, about the 
 y«ar 172a, that St. Lucia, toge- 
 Hier with St. Vincent and Do- 
 
 --! '••■'"I.J uc cV.ituaica, tiii 
 
 lite right to ihem was amicably 
 determined. In 1763, it was 
 allured to the French by the trea- 
 ty of Yerfaillcs . There are alrea- 
 
 M A D 
 
 dy 9 parilbes in the colony, 8 t© 
 the leeward, and only i to wind- 
 ward. This preference given t0 
 one part of the ifland more than 
 another, docs not proceed from 
 the Aiperiority of the foil, but 
 from the greater or lefs" con- 
 veniency in fen ling ont or re- 
 ceiving Ihips. A hi|;h road midc 
 round the ifland, a.d 2 others, 
 which crofs it from E. to W. 
 afford all manner of facilities ta 
 carry the commoditiesof the plan- 
 tations to the barcadcres. 
 
 In January, 1769, the free in- 
 haliitants of the ifland amounted 
 to *5»4; thefldvesto 10.270. ft 
 had in cattle 598 mules and 
 horfes, 1819 horned beads, and 
 2378 flieep. Its plantations 
 were 1,279,680 plants of cacao, 
 2,463,880 of coffee, 681 fquat-es 
 of cotton, and 254 of ranes ; 
 there were 16 fugaz-works going 
 on, and 18 neatly complearcd. 
 Its produce yielded ii2,ocol. 
 which by improvement might be 
 inrreafed to 500,000!, Since li»i- 
 rope lias acquired pofil;flions in 
 the New Wm-ld, nane has been 
 more favourably treated than the 
 inhabitants of St. Lucia, who 
 enjoy a free trade, and encumber- 
 ed but with 50 troops in the whole 
 ifljnd, and pay no tax whatever. 
 It lies in lat. 13, 45. long. 61. 
 
 LxTM ley's Inlet, a gulph 
 of the North-Main, in the Arc- 
 tic countries of Ameri^-a. It lies 
 on the eafterii coaft, and is fituat- 
 ed E. of Whi;ebear-bay. 
 
 LvN, a market-town of Eflex 
 county, and Maflachufct Prnpcr, 
 in New-England. It lies at the 
 bottom of a bay, S. of Marble- 
 head, and near a river, which, at 
 the breaking up of winter, and 
 the melting of the ice and fnow^ 
 runs into the fea with a very rapid 
 current. 
 
 M. 
 
 Ad RE DE POP A, a town 
 
 ^ and convent of Terra Fir- 
 
 ,, Tjtuatcd on tlie river Grande. 
 
 M 
 
 tan. III 
 
MAO 
 
 Tlie pUgriitis ill S. America rrfort 
 in grc.it numbers lo thi» religious 
 founcldiion, which ii there in 
 almoll as great reputation as the 
 Santa Caf i, or Holy iloufc of Lo- 
 retto, iy in Europe ; great num- 
 bers rf niiiaclcs being faid to 
 have lircu wroyght here, by the 
 Ifoly Vir«'in, in favour of the 
 Spanith fleets and their failor*, 
 vboarc therefore very liberal in 
 their donations at her (hrine. It 
 lies fifty four miles K. of Cartha- 
 j»ena, lat. lo dfg. 51 min, lon^. 
 76 deg, 15 min^ 
 
 MAGDALENA.a largc rivcr, tlic 
 two priucipal fourccs of which 
 ?.re at no jreat didancc from the 
 ititycf rojiayan, in Terra Firma. 
 Belcazar, ]>y goitig down this 
 river, fouii!l a paflige to the N, 
 fca ! and rttori-ed to Old Spain, 
 jn order to follicit the title of do- 
 vcrnor of i\>c country which he 
 had difcovercd, roiiijuered, and 
 |>copled. This river, after unit- 
 ing its waters with the Cmce, 
 takes tlie uan^s of Gr;inde, and 
 falls into the N. fen bilow thp 
 :lown of Madre de Popa. 
 
 The hanks of ibis great riycr 
 *re well inhabile.'), and it ha« a 
 icouvfe of above 200 league?. Its 
 mouth is inuch frequented by 
 fmugglers, and c nveys toCartha- 
 ferla the produOions of New,- 
 <jranada, viz. gold and grain^. 
 Among many other con fidcrable 
 j>hccs on its banks arc, Malambito, 
 'lenerile, TaJavgua, JMonpox, 
 Tamalamtque, ^c. 
 
 Magdal;En, Capb of, a 
 promontory in theccntie of Cana- 
 da, where there is an iron-trine, 
 •which proniifes great arlvauta^es, 
 both with regard to the goodnefs 
 «f the mttal, and the plenty of 
 the ore. 
 
 Magdalfn IstKS, in the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, long. 61, 
 30. lat. 47, 30. They are fituated 
 about 50 miles N. AV. of St, 
 Jiawrence's Cape, the N. end of 
 Cape Breton. The principal one 
 • almo^'round, «ud is 5 xoiks 
 
 M A I 
 
 over each way, and fur rounded l)» 
 rocks. ' 
 
 Magu E LO N, themofl wtfterly 
 of the thrcr iilinds <>f Sr. Peter 
 'ying rff Newfoundland. This 
 is not fo high as the other two ; 
 and it', foil very iniliiftrcnt. It is 
 about 3 quarters of a league in 
 length. 
 
 Maine, a province of New. 
 England, by otlicrs made only a 
 county in the province of MtiU. 
 chufetf-Bay, by the nameof Yoik 
 County. It is bounded on the 
 N, E. by Nova Scotia ; on the 
 S. by Maflachufots-Bay; nH on 
 'he S. W, and N, W. by Ne* 
 ilampfliTe. 
 
 It is divided into the cojintie* 
 of York, Cwmherland, and Lin, 
 coin, and coniains the followi. 
 Tovynfliips : 
 
 T<iW)}Jl)lpi in York Counfy. 
 
 1 Kittery 
 
 2 Berwick 
 
 3 Lebanon 
 
 4 Sand ford 
 
 5 Bujitoti 
 
 6 Wells 
 
 7 Arundel 
 
 8 Biddeford 
 
 ,9 Naraganfet, N. 1, 
 .10 Peppcrelhoroug.h 
 II York, the .county town, 
 Townjh'tps hi Cumberland C<?««// 
 I bcarboro\igh 
 a New Cafco 
 g New Yarmouth 
 
 4 Harpfwell 
 
 5 Brunfwick 
 (6 New BoAon 
 7 Windham 
 
 % New GlocefUr 
 .9 Pcarfontown-, 
 JO New Marble-Head 
 II Falmouth the county 
 town^ 
 To-wnjh'ips in Liacoin County, 
 
 1 Bowdointown 
 
 2 Woolwich 
 
 3 George-Town 
 .4 Naflalborough 
 
 5 Winthorp 
 
 6 Win flow 
 
 7 hMo\ 
 
 Ga 
 
 Ho 
 Ed 
 Me 
 Boc 
 _ Wa 
 
 14 St. 
 
 15 Bell 
 IiS Pov 
 
 CO I 
 
 This and 
 
 frontier com 
 
 pofed to the 
 
 iOMrns are ci 
 
 biock-houfei 
 
 good repair. 
 
 Malden, 
 
 county, Ma/Ii 
 
 about 5 mil 
 
 Town, ana h 
 
 njme runs b 
 
 itfclf into M' 
 
 Man H El J 
 
 carter county, 
 
 branch of a cr 
 
 the .Sufqueha 
 
 miles diffance 
 
 V. of Lanca( 
 
 ffirata, and i. 
 
 Manito u 
 
 tovjlin. 
 
 Mansfiei 
 Wjnd in the r 
 hy. 
 
 Mansfiei, 
 Jiini county, ( 
 rivtr Wi 111,11 a, 
 •lie Thames, 
 Windham, an 
 ion, I s £. of ( 
 Man TO V A 
 I the Jake Huroi 
 lies along the 
 I upwards of ihi 
 I Jnd about four 
 
 M-iRACAlB 
 
 CAVA, a (mall, 
 
 Vfiiczuela, a p 
 
 ["■ma, fituated 
 
 banjos of the 1, 
 
 jiJme, about 1 
 
 , iiid 73 i 
 
 I of the city of 
 
 Itremely well b 
 
 lllaiely houf«, , 
 
M y^. R 
 
 I GtrdaenTowm 
 
 9 Hollowell 
 TO Edjgecomb 
 II Medumcook 
 22 Boothbay 
 
 13 Waldoboroogh 
 
 14 St. Georre 
 
 i(J Pownall/borougb, the 
 county town. 
 Thii and Cornwall being twa 
 frontier counticj, and ebicfly ex- 
 pofed to the fndiani, moft of the 
 'o*ns are defended by regular 
 biock-houfci, which are kept ia 
 good repair. 
 
 Ma L D E N , a town in Middlefex 
 county, Maflichufets.Bay.fituated 
 Jout 5 miles N. of Charles- 
 lown, ana has a river of the fame 
 njme runs by it, which empties 
 Jtfelf mto Mydic river. 
 
 Manheim, a town in Lan- 
 cafter county, PenlVlvania, 01, a 
 
 brinch of a creek which runs inro 
 the Sufquehannah river at 10 
 mes difhnce ; it is 9 miles N. 
 V^.of Lancaftcr, u w. of Ea- 
 ffirata, and ijS.cJf Lebanon. 
 
 Ma.nitouai.in.- -S;e Man- 
 
 Uvahn. 
 
 M.iNSFiEr.D Isi.AMD,armall 
 "iJnd in the mouth of Hud/bn's 
 
 lij}'. 
 
 MANsFiKt,D,atownin Wind- 
 lam county, Conncaicuf, on the 
 
 nvuWiilimant, which runs into 
 lie rhamcs. It is 5 miles N. of 
 Windham, and 9 S. of WiUinT- 
 lon, isE. of Glallcnbury. 
 
 Ma N TO V A LIN, anifiand in 
 
 ,'i« Jake Huron, in Canada. It 
 
 lies along the northern coaft. is 
 
 "pwarJs of .hirty leagues lona, 
 
 i>nd about four or five broad. 
 
 Maracaibo, or Mara- 
 CAVA, afmall, but rich, city of 
 r^iiiizuela, a province of Terra 
 J'rma, fituuted on the wc(hrn 
 b^nks of the lake of the fame 
 in^me^ about 18 mile.<; from its 
 jo»t..:,.„d 73S.W. of the ruins 
 «t the c.ty of Coro. It \, ex- 
 fc'y ^'^j' built, has feveral 
 "«eiy houf«, very regular, and 
 
 MAR 
 
 adorned with balconies, imm 
 which there is > profpedt of the 
 Jake, which has the appearance of 
 ■ lea. Here are about jcoo inha- 
 bitant*, of which 800 are able to 
 bear arms. It hai a Governor 
 fubordinate to the Governor of 
 Terra Fi rma. Here is a hr-e pa- 
 rochial church, an hofpiral, and 
 four convents, Veflils f,oni 
 »? to 30 tons are continually 
 coming hither, with mamifartures 
 and merchandises from the places 
 near the Jake, which are after- 
 wards pat on board Spanilh Ihips 
 that come .>Jther to buy them. 
 Ships are buiir at Maracaibo. 
 which trade all over America, and 
 even into Spain, this place being 
 very commodious for ftip-huild- 
 mg. It lies 338 miles E. of Rio 
 de la Hacha, Ut. lo, 51. long. 
 70, 15. s ' ^ h 
 
 Maracafbo Lakb, or ra- 
 ther Gn'ph, a lar,,;e collcdion of 
 waters, on which the town above- 
 mentioned is fitnated. It i. near 
 <Jo miles lonn^, and, in fonij par'- 
 901.1 breadth, n.nning from & 
 to N. and emptying it A If into tli* 
 N. fea ; the entrance of which is- 
 well defended by (Irong forts i 
 but Sir Henry Mo.gan p.fFcd by 
 them, pluadere.J feveral Spanilh 
 towns on the coaft, .ind defeated 
 a Iquadron which had been fent 
 to inteicept him, 
 , As the tidcflows into this lake 
 Its water is fometbing bracki.'b' 
 notwithftandin^? the many rivers 
 «t receives. It abounds u'ith all- 
 forts of filh, fome of wl ich are- 
 vciy large. By the navigation of 
 this lake the inhabitauts of Ve- 
 nezuela carry on a trade witb. 
 thofe of New- Granada. 
 _ MARntEHEAD, a town cf' 
 EM-x county, and iVIailkhufct ' 
 l;ropcr, ni New-England. Ic 
 les four miles to the S. of Salem. 
 
 Ihore.^ Here the f^ciety for pro- ' 
 pagation of the Go/pel have a 
 miffionary. It cairies on an ex- ' 
 tenhve filhery. 
 Ma 
 
MAR 
 
 MarcarkttA, or SantA 
 
 BlARGARtTA DK I.At CARAC- 
 CAt, an iAand of Terra Firma, 
 from «vbich it it parted by a 
 ft rait, 68 mika W. of Paria, or 
 Kew-Aiidalufia. Columbus dif- 
 covcred it in his 3d voyare. anno 
 l49i. It ii about fo milcc long, 
 •nd 14 broad. The climate is 
 faid to be uuheaithy, from the 
 frr<|acnt fogs with which the 
 }fland is covered. 
 
 It produces Indian corn, with 
 (he uAial fruits of the Torrid aonc. 
 The N. parts are high land, and 
 have a foil proper for fu gar-canes, 
 tobacco, «cc. Here are feveral 
 forts of animals, particularly 
 wild hogs, with fifh and fowl. It 
 Is rubjc£\ toSpain, and is remarked 
 for its pciiri filhcry, having pro- 
 duced the finelt ever fccn, valued 
 itt as, 000 1, ftcrling, bouJ[ht by 
 the kiuK of Spain. The inhabi- 
 tants are a mixture of Spaniards 
 and Indians who are lazy, ihicviih, 
 and fupernitions. This ifland is 
 N. of Cubagua, another ifland. 
 Lat. II, 46. long. 64, II. 
 
 MARKSALANre, one of the 
 Caribbce Iflands, in the Atlantic 
 Ocean ; fo called from the fli'p's 
 rume in whicli Columbus difco- 
 v«-r,:d it, in 149^ I* " °^ '*» 
 elliptical figure, 4 leagues and an 
 half from N. to S. and 3 from 
 v.. to W. It lies near Guada- 
 Joupc: f>om v('5iich it is fcparted 
 by a channel 5 or 6 leagues broad. 
 It is covered vfiih barren moun- 
 tains above half its furface. There 
 arc only » parifhes, the principal 
 at the S. defended by a fort called 
 Bafle-terre. It is indilferenily 
 yatered, but produces 8c 0,00c lb. 
 •f coffee, 100,000 cotton, and a 
 Billion of fugar. Lat. 16, 3a. 
 long. 60, 5». 
 
 Martha's Vineyard, or 
 Bulie's County, an ifland near 
 Barnftaple county, Plymouth co- 
 lony, New-Enj^lanii, ii'ooi whence 
 it is diftant only 8 miles S. W. 
 and 76 miles S. of Bofton. Its 
 itjhabitants. as Nvell as ihofc of 
 
 MAR 
 
 Nantucket, another Ifland, follow 
 the Alhcries, in which they have 
 
 frrcat fucccfs. In it are the foU 
 owing towns : Shcrborn, ChiU 
 mark, Tifbury, and Edgar, the 
 county town. It it one of the 
 counties of Maflachufets-Bay, by 
 the name of Duke's County. It 
 is a very peculiar fpot of ground, 
 being a triangular piece of mea- 
 dow ground, hemmed in on the 
 N. W. and N. E. by hilty rocky 
 fides. It fwarms with inhabitaiU), 
 and is a fettlemrnt of confiJe* 
 ration. Lat. 41, 20. long. 70, ^jo. 
 
 Martha, St. a province of 
 Terra Firma. It is bounded oa 
 the N. by the N. fca } on the E. 
 by Rio de ta Hacha ; on the S, 
 ny New-Granada} and on theW, 
 by the territory of Carthagtnj. 
 1 he air is colder here and more 
 pure than in the adjoining coun- 
 tries. The vallies are fertile, and 
 produce maize, with other grains 
 and fruits, cfpccially oranges, le- 
 mons, pine-apples, grape:,, &o. 
 aifa a little indigo and cechineal, 
 and fome woods for dying. The 
 mountains, which are known 10 
 Tailors by the name of the Sno«; 
 Mountains of Sr. Martha, produce 
 gold, emeralds, fapphire*, chalre- 
 donics, jjfpcr, and curiou s mar- 
 bUs, On the coafts, where fmng- 
 gling is carried on, are falt-works, 
 and a lilherics for pearls. It is 
 about 300 miles in length, and 
 200 in breadth, is a mountainous 
 country, and rickOTicd the higheft 
 land in the world. 
 
 Martha, St. achy in the 
 province laft- mentioned, with a 
 harbour on the N. fca, at the 
 mouih of the Guayra ; about J»4 
 miles N. E. of Cartbagena. It 
 is a maritime city, and the refi- 
 dcnce of a Governor end Biftiop. 
 The houfes arc built with canes, 
 and are very neat. Its harbour 
 is large, convenient, and fafe ; 
 
 feitile. At prcfcnt it contains 
 about 30C0 irhabitanfs.whocanj 
 ouan «xtcuii\c rich wade, and 
 
MAR 
 
 make a great tjuantity of cottons, 
 fturfi, Ate. with earthen ware, 
 which it much e(le«med. It h«« 
 t valuable pearl filheiy, wherein 
 « great number of (lavci are cm- 
 ployed, whofc d'*xterity in pro- 
 curing the oyftert is very extraor- 
 dinsry, fomc of whom wilt re- 
 main for a 4uarter of an hour 
 underwater, and will rife with a 
 bifket full, Lat. II, 55, long, 
 
 Maktihico, one of the 
 largeft of the Caribbee, or Wind- 
 ward Klandj. It belong* to the 
 French, and ii the fc.it of their 
 Governor-general of the iHands, 
 h is about 60 miles lonj», and 6 
 in breadth, and lies 40 Icnyueg to 
 ihc N. W. of B^rbadocs ; aj 8, 
 «f Guadaloup*. It is croHcd by 
 a ridge of lofty mountain*, efpe- 
 eially in the inland parts; from 
 which a number of rivulets flow 
 Into the valleys on every fide, 
 beautifying the ifland, and render- 
 ing it remarkably fruitful. Its 
 bftys and harbours are numerous, 
 fafe, and commodious ; and well 
 fcrtifiedr It ii divided into 28 
 parilhes, which contain about the 
 fame number of towns and villa- 
 get, and two principal towns. 
 Fort Royal and St. Pierre. 
 
 The foil is very fruitful, aboumU 
 ing in the fame produ(ftions as are 
 common to our iflunds in that 
 part of the world. Sugir is the 
 principal commodity, of which 
 great quantities arc made. Indifjo, 
 <otton, pimento or all-fpicc, gin- 
 ger, cocao, aloes, plantains, and 
 other fruits com man to the Torrid 
 aone, are produced here ; tojre- 
 ther wiih great <)nantitics "of 
 totTse, which was firtl; cultivated 
 in this ifland of any in the vvcC- 
 tern wotld. In 1736, there were 
 >n the iflmd 1 r,95^,232 colfce- 
 frcfs ; and by fome calculations 
 niade concerning the number of 
 inhabitants, as well as the arti- 
 " — - i-t tur.urc ann trade, ihe 
 »«id was th«a iu a Hate of |ro. 
 
 MAR 
 
 fpcrlty mucli fu^erior to what it !* 
 at piefc-nt. 
 
 The air at Martinico ii hotted 
 than at Guadaloupe ; but ih* 
 hurricane* lefs ireqiiciit and vio« 
 lent than in that and Ibme othei* 
 of the Catibbee iHands. 
 
 It has no Icfs than 40 rivers", 
 fome of which are naviguble k 
 great way up the country, and 
 never dry ; but at timet overflow 
 their banks, and fwccp away 
 houfoj and trees with their cur- 
 rentr Belidesthefa there are great 
 variety of llrcams, which, in tlu 
 rainy feafon, water the dales and 
 favanniM, Some of the hills are 
 cultivated, and others covered 
 with wool's, which aflurd Ihelter 
 to will bcUis, and abundance of 
 fcrpcnts and ihakes. The tobucro 
 growing on the deep declivities is 
 preferable to that in the valleyf. 
 
 Belides the diHurbancsJ occa- 
 fioned here by frequent revolts of" 
 the native lavages, a dreadful 
 earthquake (hook it, Oftobcr 29^ 
 17*7, which continued for it 
 hours wi;h vcrylittl« intermiffion; 
 and fliocks were ftlt for feveral 
 days afftr. It was again in Augull-,, 
 X767, in a great meafure dcflrojcd 
 by another earthquake, whetv 
 r6oo inhabitants loft their lives, 
 and a ^reat number of the planta- 
 tions and liuildings vicrcdcllroycd.. 
 It alfo fiiiniitd very f'evcrcly froni 
 ahurricancou September i a, J 766^ 
 and ill March 1772, by aO earth- 
 quake that dtftroycd the French 
 fortifications. 
 
 The town of Martinico is the' 
 refidcnce of many merchants,. 
 and is much frequented by (hip- 
 ping, cl^>'.cially from Nantes,, 
 whole cargoes arc furc of a quicii 
 fale here. The harbour i^'aifo a; 
 fafe retreat in the hurricane Ita- 
 fon, and at the fame time to viiii- 
 ward of all ihe lilands ; a circnm-- 
 ftance of great advantage to ihlpS' 
 bound to Europe. 'Ihe cluirclv 
 is only a wooden ihi,t"tiie. hv 
 July, 1767, tlie iflaful -.cnuiiicdi ' 
 
ft 
 
 ; 
 
 MAR 
 
 Ut,4<0 whi*« inhabitants, 1814 
 free blacks or mutattoei , ^o,5(;t 
 flaves, 443 fugitive negroes, in all 
 £4,817 fouls. The number of 
 births tfi 1767 was a 30th ipait 
 among the whites, and a zfth 
 amunff the black^t The cattle of 
 (he colony are compofed uf 3776 
 horiVs, 4214 mules, 293 aJIcs, 
 12,736 liorned lieads, 975 fwine, 
 and 13,544 (hecp and ho}*s. For 
 its proviitons it has 17,903,596 
 holes of caflada, 3,509,048 bana> 
 »as, 406 fquares and a half of 
 >ams and potatoes. The planta- 
 tions conlid of 11,444 fquares of 
 land with fu^ar-cunes, 6,638,757 
 plants of coffee, 871,043 of cacao, 
 1,764,807 of cotton, 59,966 of 
 cadia, and 61 of anatta. The 
 padures or favannas take up 
 10,972 fqaares of land ; there are 
 11,966 of wood, and 8448 uncul- 
 tivated or abandoned. The num- 
 ber of plantations for coffee, 
 cotton, cacao, and other obje^s, 
 U 1515, there are only 286 where 
 they make fugar. All thefe plan- 
 tations employ 116 water-mills, 
 12 wind- mills, and 184 eattle- 
 niiils. Before the hurricane in 
 X766, they reckoned 302 of the 
 fmalter habitations, and 15 fugar- 
 wof ks, more than in 1767. The 
 products of this ifland at prefent 
 .are computed at 23 million lb. 
 weight of I'ugar, 3 million lb. of 
 coffee, 6co,ocolb. of cotton, and 
 40,000! b. of cacao. Foreigners 
 e irry off privately about a 12th 
 part of the produft of the ifland, 
 »iid the rcfl goes to France ; for 
 ■which exportation in fj^^ 143 
 ■veflcls were employed. Lat. 14, 
 33, long. 60, 5.5. 
 
 Martin, .St. one of the Ca- 
 fibbee Ill«nds, fituatcd in tbe At- 
 lantic Ocean, between Anguilla on 
 the N. from jvhcnce k is fituatcd 
 .a league and a half, and St. Bdt- 
 tholomew on the S. E. 15 mil«s. 
 • It is about 5 leagues in circumfe- 
 fcncc, »l:n cornitiodijUS lUji afiil 
 roads on the N. W. fide. H»-re 
 «rc good liU-j-itfj and lakes of 
 
 MAR 
 
 fait water, which run a great^wav 
 within the iiland ; but has' no 
 frefti water but what tails fron> 
 the clouds, and is faved by the in- 
 habitants in ciderns. The fait 
 lakes abound in good filh, parti, 
 cularly turtle ; and the faltwater. 
 pools are frequented by vaft num- 
 bers of birds. In the woods are 
 wild hogs, turtle-doves, and par- 
 rots innumerable. Here are fe- 
 veral trees producing gums; and 
 plenty of theccndle-trec, fplinters 
 of which, when dry and lighted, 
 emit a very fragrant fmcll. Its 
 tobacco, wiiich is reckoned the 
 bc(t in all the Caribbee Iflands, is 
 the principal commodity and trade 
 of the inhabitants. 
 
 The Spaniards formerly kept a 
 garrifon here in a fort ; but, about 
 the year 1650, they blew up the 
 fort, burned their houfes, and 
 abandoned the place. Then the 
 Dutch and the French fhared the 
 idand between them, and they 
 lived very amicably. The French 
 had, however, tlve bell part of the 
 ifland ; but the fpot where the 
 Spanifh fort flood fell to tlie 
 Dutch, who erc£>ed Sine houfes^ 
 with large (lore-lwufes, and pur- 
 chaTed a confjderable number of 
 negroes. Bnt in 1689, the French 
 were attacked and plundered hy 
 Sir Timothy Tbornhil! ; and in 
 July, 1744, driven out by the 
 Englifk, and did not return till 
 after the peace 1763. They now 
 enjoy about 35,.ooQ acres out of 
 the 55,oco which the whole 
 iiknd contains. Through this 
 large fpace are fcattcred about 
 100 white inhabitants, and 300 
 bl icks •, bvt it is capable of con- 
 taining 400 white families, and 
 10,000 flavfs. The line of re- 
 paration, lying from £► to W. 
 was agreed up«n in 1684 ; the 
 two nations ligning iheir treaty 
 on a mouiKain, which makes it- 
 felf a natural divifion. and has 
 uccn |ji;srs namcu, 1 uz iViulii:- 
 tain of Concord." Their line.in 
 affTjjniiijj a Uls part to the Dutch, 
 
MAR 
 
 hu fuRicicntly made them amends 
 by the pofledlon of the only har- 
 hour in the ifland. Thefe repub- 
 licans have not, however, profited 
 more from this advantage than 
 the French, fince their diviAon 
 contains no more than 6Qfamiire*, 
 and about 200 (laves. The t\vo 
 Colonies breed poultry and Qtcep, 
 which they fell to the other 
 iflands. They have always culti- 
 vated cotton, and lately planted 
 coffee, with fuccefs. Lat. 18, 6. 
 ion^r. 6z, 30. 
 
 Ma r y la n :>,oneof the Britifh 
 colonies ; it was always reckoned 
 part of Virginia, 'till K. Charles 
 i. made a grant of it to George 
 Calvert, Lord Baltimore, of Ire- 
 land ; who dying before the pa- 
 tent was made out, his fun iinifbed 
 it in 1632. The fcttlement ot the 
 colony coft a large fum, and 
 was made, at firA, with about 200 
 perfons,all Roman Catholics, and 
 mod of them of good families : 
 but the proprietary very wifely in- 
 troduced a general toleration for 
 all Chridians : a meafure that 
 
 Srea'.ly tended to the flourifhing 
 ate of the colony. 
 
 It is divided, by the north ex- 
 tremity of ehefapeak-oay, into 
 two pans, called the eaftern and 
 weftern (bores ; and lies between 
 lat. 38 and 40. and between long. 
 74 and 78. 
 
 It is divided in two by the Bay 
 of Chcfapcak, into the following 
 counties : 
 
 W. DiviHon. 
 
 Arundel. 
 Baltimore. 
 Calvert, 
 Charles. 
 Prince George. 
 
 E. Divifion. 
 Dorfer. 
 Somcrfct. 
 Worceftcr, 
 Talbot. 
 Q11 ecu's, 
 Kent. 
 
 St. Marys. 
 
 Maryland 's bounded by Pen- 
 fylvania on the N. by another 
 part of the fame province, called 
 Dclawar, and the Atlantic Ocean, 
 on the E. by the Apalachian 
 
 MAR 
 
 mites long, and nearly the Tame 
 in breadth. 
 
 The lands next the fea are low, 
 but rife gradnally 'tiU^^ify termi- 
 nate in the Apalachiat) tfl'pQMitaini, 
 Great part of the country «^as co- 
 vered with wood, 'ciU cut and 
 cleared by the planters ; but in- 
 terfperfed with favannas and 
 meadows, watered with feveral 
 fmall dreams and fpcings. 
 
 Maryland, like Virginia, hai no 
 confiderable to*n, and for the 
 fame reafon ; namely, the nitra- 
 ber of its navigable creeks an(^ 
 rivers. Annapolis, however, is the 
 feat of government ; it is fmall, 
 but beautifully fiiuared on Ibe 
 river Patuxent : and here is the 
 principal cuftom houfe, and about 
 150 houfes. 
 
 The people of Maryland are of 
 the fame eftabliflied religion as 
 thofe of Virginia, that of the 
 church of England ; but the 
 clergy are here provided for in a 
 mvc'i more liberal manner. 
 
 At prefcnt the people of Mary> 
 land chiefly cultivate tobacco, as 
 they do in Virpiniaj and theplant- 
 ers live in farms fcattcred about 
 the country, and have the like 
 convcnicncy of (hips coming up 
 to their very doors, by means of 
 Chcfapcak- Bay, and its rivers. 
 
 Their tobacco, called Oroonoko, 
 which is ftronger than that of 
 Virginia, and on that ?:count 
 greatly in demand in the caOern 
 and northern parts of Europe, 
 where it is preferred to the fweat- 
 fcenfed tobacco of James and 
 York rivers, io Virginia, amounts 
 to about 40,000 hog (heads. The 
 white inhabitants are about 
 ic,coo, and the iisgrocs upwards 
 of 260,000. 
 
 There is little or no woollen ma- 
 nufadture followed by any of the 
 inhabitants, except what is done 
 in Somcrfct county. Their com- 
 mon drink is cyder, which isverw 
 
 roouniams on the W. and by Vir- good ; and. when prnpcr|y ro«de' 
 gmia 0.1 the S. It is abjut 140 mt jnleiior to tl.c btll white* 
 
MAS 
 
 ^\n€. They have rum frotn Bar- 
 ba4ocs< wine frpm Madeira and 
 Ftai; alfo beer, malt, and various 
 forts of wines, from England. 
 Plenty of good grapes grow wild 
 in the woods^, but no wine is 
 made from them. 
 
 Mod of the Indians live on the 
 caHern (hore. Some of them in- 
 deed come over to the other fide 
 in winter, to hunt for deer, in 
 which they greatly delight : and 
 it is very rare that any of them 
 will embrace the life or wor(hip 
 of the Chridians. But their num- 
 ber is now inconfiderable, occa- 
 fioned by the perpetual difcords 
 among themfelves. 
 
 The chief bay is Chefapeak, 
 including many creeks.— Nume- 
 Tous rivers interfefl this province, 
 the chief of which are, the Pa- 
 town;iac, Poeomac, Patuxent, Pa- 
 tapIi(^o, Cheptonk, Suf<:^uehannah, 
 Severn, Saffafras, &c. 
 
 Maryland, Penfylvania^ and 
 Virginia, enjoy peculiar commer- 
 cial advantages from their nume- 
 Tons harbours, creeks, and large 
 navigable rivers; but, being def- 
 titute of fortifications, canriot but 
 prove of equal difadvantage in » 
 ■war, if the enemy be mailer of 
 the adjacent feas, who will have 
 it in his power, by thefc means, 
 to carry dclblation into the bell 
 fettled parts of the fcveral coun- 
 tries; as unhappily may be too 
 foon experienced. 
 
 St. Mary's, a fmall maritime 
 Down in a county of the fame 
 name, in the Wertern divilion of 
 Maryland, on the £► fide of Sr^ 
 George's river, near St. George's 
 ifland, at the entrance of Patow- 
 mac river and Chefapeak bay. 
 
 M A S S AC H U S E T S-R A f , a 
 
 province, the principal fulniivifion 
 ef New-England, it is bounded 
 «n the N. by New-Han piliirc ; 
 «n the E. and S. by the Atlantic 
 Ocean and Conne^icut ; t.nd on 
 the W. by New-York ; pncuicin^ 
 Indian cord in abundance, though 
 but iiitle otl'.cr graiii. Here i& 
 
 MAS 
 
 plenty of mutton, beef, porlt^ 
 fowl, and Hlh, with flax ana hemp ; 
 and the inhabitants are employed 
 in manufa^uresof linen, woollen, 
 and leather. They build great 
 numbers of (hips, having plenty 
 of timber and other materials for 
 that purpufe* They have copper 
 and iron mines, and feme of the 
 latter are manufaftured; but their 
 fabrics in general, particularly 
 thofe of hats, are diicouraged by 
 the mother-country. They furi.^ 
 nilh the fugar-iflands with fait 
 provifions, in return for which 
 they take fugar and molafTcSr 
 They have frills for making rum, 
 and ibme fugar-houfes. 
 
 This province is divided into 
 the following counties, to each 08 
 which we have annexed the towiv 
 ihips that belong to it. 
 Ceutity of Hampflure.. 
 
 X 
 
 Canada 
 
 2 
 
 Pequiong 
 
 3 
 
 Salem 
 
 4 
 
 PeterOiam' 
 
 5 
 
 Narraganfefe 
 
 6 
 
 Green wicb 
 
 7 
 
 Brim field 
 
 S 
 
 KingfloR' 
 
 9 
 
 Pelham 
 
 10 
 
 Sunderland 
 
 11 
 
 Hadley 
 
 la 
 
 N.. Hadley 
 
 13 
 
 Noithamptow 
 
 14 
 
 NoithfielA 
 
 13 
 16 
 
 Hatfield. 
 
 Uttrfitld ' 
 
 17- 
 
 Bland ford 
 
 r8 
 
 Granville 
 
 »9 
 
 Wc^fidd 
 
 2C 
 
 Springfield, the co. towHi 
 
 
 Ccuhty of Stiifolk.- 
 
 X 
 
 Roxbury 
 
 2 
 
 Dorcheller 
 
 3 
 
 Needham 
 
 4 
 
 Mel way 
 
 5 
 
 HilUngham 
 
 6 
 
 Wrei.thana 
 
 7 
 
 Mfd field 
 
 8 
 
 VAalpcle • 
 
 9 
 
 St( ughton* 
 
 10 
 
 llraintrce 
 
 XI 
 
 Wcjinctttk 
 
M A S 
 
 IX Highitm 
 
 13 Milton 
 
 14 Deadham 
 
 15 Bufton« the county town. 
 
 County of Worcciler. 
 I Dudley 
 a Stourbridge 
 •3 Weftern 
 
 4 Hard wick 
 
 5 New Ipfwich 
 
 6 Canada to Dorchefter 
 
 7 Lunenburg 
 
 8 Bolton 
 
 9 Slircwfbury 
 
 10 Weft borough 
 
 11 Hopkinton 
 
 12 Grafton 
 
 13 Mcnden 
 
 14 Uxbridgc 
 
 15 Douglas 
 
 16 Oxford 
 
 17 Sutton 
 
 18 Gore 
 
 19 Bt'ookficid 
 
 ao Braintree , 
 
 zi Welt Wing 
 2t Rutland 
 
 23 Hoiden 
 
 24 Worccfter, the co» town. 
 County of EfT-Xt 
 
 1 Beverley 
 
 2 Middleioa 
 
 3 Taps field . 
 
 4 Andover 
 
 5 Bradford 
 
 6 Rowley 
 
 7 Newbury 
 
 8 Almbury 
 
 9 Haverhill 
 
 10 Methuen 
 
 11 Dracut 
 
 12 Lynn, the county town. 
 County of Middleftx, 
 
 1 Townfhend 
 
 2 Hollis 
 
 3 Diipftahlc 
 
 Ciielnisfotd 
 Reading 
 Maiden 
 Medford 
 
 8 (Troton 
 
 9 niiianca 
 
 10 Weftford 
 
 11 Bedford 
 
 la Tewklbaiy 
 
 MAS 
 
 Tj Lexington 
 
 14 Woburn 
 
 15 Marlborough 
 
 16 Stow 
 
 17 Concord 
 
 18 Waltham 
 
 19 Wefton 
 
 20 SherUorn 
 
 21 Hollidon 
 
 22 Charles-Town 
 
 23 Cambridge, co. tow*. 
 County of Briftol. 
 
 1 Attleborough 
 
 2 Rehoboth, or Sea Rank 
 
 3 Barrington 
 
 4 Swan fey 
 
 5 Dighton 
 
 6 Rainham 
 
 7 Eafton 
 
 8 Norion 
 
 9 Berkley > 
 
 10 Freetown 
 
 11 Dartmouth 
 
 12 Taunton, the co. town« 
 County of Plymouth, 
 
 1 Hanover 
 
 2 Abingdon 
 
 3 Diixbury 
 
 4 rvingflofl 
 
 5 Haiifjx 
 
 6 Pembroke 
 
 7 Bridgewater 
 
 8 Middleborough 
 
 9 Rochcfter 
 
 10 Wareham 
 
 11 Plympton 
 
 12 Plymouth, the co, towa» 
 County of Birn(laple> 
 
 1 Sund vich 
 
 2 Falmouth 
 
 3 Yarmouth 
 
 4 Harwich 
 
 5 Eartham 
 
 6 Silver Spring 
 
 7 Bellingf^ate 
 
 8 Truro 
 
 9 Chatham 
 
 10 Barnftaple, the co. town. 
 Duke*s County, or I/laud of Mar- 
 tha's Vineyard. 
 
 1 Chitmak 
 
 2 Tiffaury 
 
 3 Edira"", the co. town. 
 County and IJland of Nantukkcf* 
 
 Sherborn, the co. town. 
 
MAY 
 
 Bcfidcs ehf nhovc, there hclonjjs 
 to this colony the tciii'ory of Sa- 
 ;;a(lok, or York, Lincoln, and 
 Ctimhcrlan.l, (which fee,) with 
 Elizabeth UUtuh, viz. Nufliawn, 
 Tinitcrs, SJokums, Miilkrjet, No- 
 man's, and Kutiihunt ilics. 
 
 The inhabitants of this pro- 
 vince ars Computed Ht 400,000, 
 of whom ?o,oco arc capable of 
 bciriiijij; arms. 
 
 This is by far the inoft power- 
 ful of the Ibitilh colonics ; to 
 whirh there Ikis lately been an- 
 nexed the counties of Cumber- 
 land, York, ind Lincoln. The 
 buik of the people arc of the In- 
 dependent pcrri)afion.~Sec Nctv- 
 
 Massedan, a bay between 
 Acapi ;co and Aijuacara, a port 
 near tlu Cape of California, where 
 Sii iUiomas Cavendilh lay, aftcj 
 palTiii^ I he Magellan Str.iits. 
 
 Mastkrkout, a (mall town 
 ill the county of Prince George, in 
 the wcftcrn divilion of Maryland. 
 MatAne, a river of Canada, 
 the mouth of V. Mci. i, vnp.blc of 
 receiving venels of 200 tons. All 
 this coad of the river St. Law- 
 rence, erpecially near M.itane, for 
 upwards of %q Ica^iues, abounds 
 in rod, and niight employ above 
 500 fhalops, or frlhing-fmacks, at 
 a time. The filh is very line, and 
 fit for exportation to the Straits, 
 Spain, and the Levant. GriMt 
 numbers of whales have been 
 feen here floating upon the wattr,- 
 which may be (Uuck with the 
 harpoon, and prove a very valua- 
 ble fiflicry. 
 
 Matthias, St. the wcfler- 
 ipofl of the two iflands dilcovcred 
 by Dampier, on tlic co-ilt of New 
 Britain, and fouthern ctuntries of 
 Ameiica. It is about nine or ten 
 leagues in length, inouniainous 
 and woody, but inttripcrftd with 
 feveral favannas, 4nd feme fpots 
 which fccmed to be cleared. 
 
 Mayen's IsLANn, or JoHt^ 
 Maysn's Island, an ifla'nd ly- 
 ing S. W. of Spitzberaen, in lat. 
 7'i »3. The lea which waflics its 
 
 M E C 
 
 coaf} was formerly frequcnte<l by 
 ainindance of whales 5 but thcle 
 hlh removing further to the N. the 
 ill mil has been forfakcii, A vtry 
 hiyh mountain, bc)>iniung near 
 its noiihcrn cxirrnjity, called 
 Utertiiberf.cn, or Ikar-mountain, 
 extends unite ucrol's the ilhnd 
 and may be teen 30 milrs at I'm! 
 J-lcre are fevcnal \\oo^ b;iys. anj 
 Uic land is lubitablc, abouii.line 
 with lilh and deer. But the v,i(t 
 <|uiuitiiies of ice flodting on all 
 lidcs, cfpecially towards the E. 
 render it abfolutely inaccefliblc in 
 
 fpril'jr. 
 
 MkchoacAn, a province !n 
 the audience of Mexico. It is 
 bounded on the N. by pnit of 
 Panuco, and the provinces of ?.,i. 
 c^iifcaiaiid Guadalaxara; on the 
 E. by aiicthcr part of Pamico 
 and Mexico Proper ; on the S, 
 by the litter and the South-Scn, 
 which, together with Xalillo, 
 boMiids it alio on the W. and 
 N. \V. It extends 70 lea^>iics 
 alduji the coall, and lUll farther 
 inland, 
 
 Tlu' climate !s extremely .^ooj, 
 and t!»e ibil remurkalily In iifni. 
 In this province are mines of (i|- 
 ver, nnd a few of Rold and cop- 
 per. Ainong its numerous pro- 
 dudions arc tlie cacao or c!)oco- 
 latc nut, the loot mcchoacan, fi?- 
 veral odoriferous ^uni.s ami bal- 
 ra;»is, (ardpirilla, anibcrgri?, va- 
 iiilia<, c^lfia, ice. 
 
 The iiaiivcv, now incorpoiated 
 with ilie -p:iniard5, learn all kliuis 
 6f tradis ; and arc particularly 
 
 curious ill making cabintis, and 
 weaviiifT filk : but their f.rcutcft 
 art is ill n\aking images of iniall 
 feaihus, equal to the moll exipii- 
 file j>aiiiting. The cooniry is in- 
 toned with foxes, fqiiirrel?, li.ms, 
 wild (lot;s and tygers. But it has 
 alio a lunncroui breed of excel- 
 lent horfes for the faddic or har- 
 
 liefs : anri nn^Aucet nl<>i'iti> 4>r lir>. 
 
 , .._ J J . „ 
 
 ney and wax ; and the lea aitd ri- 
 vers are flored with excellent fifh. 
 Mcchoacan was formerly a king* 
 dotn, but the Spaniards have re- 
 
M E R 
 
 ^Hcptl it to a biftiopric, in which 
 »n about loo towrni of converted 
 r.tivex. Thrgrcafcflpartofthc 
 <rn( e in this province is cirried on 
 i'y 1.111(1, there being hurdlv any 
 [fapnrtf dcferving that name. 
 
 MrcHOACAN, an epi/copal 
 cily.and the capital of the pro- 
 vincc of the fame name, fituatcd 
 on a large river, aboundinK in 
 filh, near the well /Jdc of a lake, 
 about 110 n.ilcs W. of Mexro! 
 Jt If a lir^e place, beautifuHy de- 
 
 coMted with a fine cathedral and 
 liaiuKome honfei beloi.i{injr to 
 rich Spaniards, who own the fiU 
 vcr mines at Guanaxoato or Guax- 
 
 hlnita, 
 
 MtcKLiKnuRo, ati inland 
 rounty, in the diOrift of Salif- 
 l>"7, North-CaroJina, whofcprin- 
 
 M E X 
 
 npal town u Charlottebur£h. It 
 "'l>e mod S, limits of the pro. 
 vincc, as boundary to tlw Chcraws 
 fiecuift, S. Carolina. 
 
 MtoniiD, a town in Suffolk 
 bounty,. Mallichufets-Bay, in (he 
 fliulway between Wfcntham nnd 
 Deadham being 7 miles dirtant 
 trom each, and about 18 S W 
 mm Cambridge, near the rivw 
 
 l^^nKORD, a town in Middle, 
 fa county, iVIaflichufcts- Bay. 
 
 « 'ich (lands near ihc head of 1 he 
 Myfiic riyor, about 7 miles S, 
 <". Cambridge, and 9 S. of VVil- 
 
 siingfon. 
 
 Mr.DwAY,atown in Middlc- 
 l^x coHnry, Maflichufets - Bav 
 "car the river Charles, on the 
 principal road to Providence. 6 
 ■»;'!« N. from Wrentham, and 
 
 Mendon, a town in Worcef- 
 ^"coumy, IVl,rchufcf£-Bay, c 
 ?" ^i' «f U^oridse, an^' | 
 
 \,' '"'"" Bellingham. 
 
 MjRiDA, the capital of 5pn. 
 5 Yucatan, a province in {he 
 
 f U '?^<^-^^«rnor.aodthefce 
 Morth iide of the province, be- 
 
 jween the gulphi of Mexico sv,i 
 Honduia.i ltl,ahandr.,merlfy' 
 Ola cpiarc form, wbhriraiyht and 
 
 nt right aHglrr; the houfc. a.c of 
 ftonc nnd their artifi.iaj white, 
 ncfsU very hurtful to the eyr. in 
 »hti burning climate. Thefe arc 
 -bout 30 churches. Thegreat.ft 
 P»rt «| the inhabitant, p.?. their 
 
 lives in .cllencfs, A,ppo,,ed by tho 
 continual labour C the Indian"! 
 It ftands 45 miles fouth of the 
 ocean, and 135 "orth-caft of the 
 city of Camneachy. Lat. a,, jg! 
 
 Mk RID A, a town of Venezuela 
 « province of Terra- hiima. The 
 
 f lit of all r„,rs, ,,,4 „,^,.^ ^^^ 
 
 •Ko god-mines in the ndgh hour- 
 hood r. he. about 54 mifes from 
 the lake of Maracail,,,, a„.i jgo 
 
 N.E.fromSt.F^. The inhabi! 
 tants carry ihcir fruit and other 
 mcrchandijie to Truxjllo. 
 
 fheforkof Sagadahock and Ke- 
 •ichcg rivers, on which is built 
 H.-hmondfort. It i, about 4 
 miles from ooii.t to point, and it 
 about i» infatid from Ca/co-bay. 
 
 of New-Hamplhire, New-Ena- 
 land. * 
 
 MEsAssrPFi. Sec Mij/ifippi, 
 
 and which Sir Martin Forbiihcr, 
 in his third voyage to difcovcr a 
 
 pcflcffiori of m the name of Queen 
 f.luabetii; but has never l^ccn 
 
 thcniRht worth looking after fince. 
 Mi XI CO, called alfo New- 
 hpain, a large province, f.ibjca to 
 the crown of Spain. It f,.:ni« a 
 powerful empire, and U ruhdi- 
 VKled into two parts, Old or 
 South Mexico, and New or North 
 Mexico. 
 
 MmXtrn ttrr^ :. 1 _i-i 
 
 ^'=^' I'y Nc* Mexico; on the 
 N. and N. E. by the gulph of 
 Mexico; on the S. E. by Terra 
 *«rma ; and on the S. W. by the 
 
.: 
 
 < 
 
 [;v a 
 
 M E X 
 
 Piidfic Ocean, or Soiuh-Sei. It !s 
 upwards of 2000 miles in lengtli, 
 and from 71 to 550 in breadtli, 
 occafioned, by its indenture*, by 
 Several bays on the north coaft, 
 and the gulph of California on 
 the weft. 
 
 It is, in jreneral, a motintainous 
 country, chains of high hills run- 
 ning through it from S £. to 
 N. W. Its caftcrn fliore is a flat 
 plain country, full of morafles, 
 and overflown in the rainy feafon ; 
 but (o covered with thickets of 
 bambou, mangroves, and bufhes, 
 that the logviood - cutters make 
 their way through it with their 
 hatchets. The barren trees are 
 continually verdant, and ihofe 
 that arc frnrtiferoos bloflbm and 
 bear almoft the whole year round. 
 The cochineal infe£\ for dying of 
 icarUt, is bred here in great quan- 
 tities. They have pine-apples, 
 pomegraniites, oranges, lemons, 
 citrons, figs, and cocoa-nuts, in 
 the greatdl plenty and perfec- 
 tion. 
 
 The prefcnt inhabitants are na- 
 tive Indians, Spanianls, Creols, 
 MeAizoei, Negroes, and Mulat- 
 
 tOCJ. 
 
 Mexico is governed by a Vice- 
 roy from Old Spain, who is dcf* 
 potic. The forces in this coun- 
 try arc not confiderable, nor are 
 there many fortified towns, and 
 even thofe have been taken and 
 plundered by buccaneers of fmail 
 force. 
 
 The revenues which the King 
 of Spain draws from this country 
 •are prodigious, arifing from the 
 fifth part of gold and filver taken 
 from the mines, the cuftoms, ex- 
 cife, and other impofis, and the 
 rents and i'erviccs by which all 
 lands arc holtlcn of the crown. 
 
 This is the firft connrry which 
 the Spaniards fettled en the con- 
 tincRt of Americ;: ; and it ftill 
 
 COriliSucS t:!tir , :. :.;-: pai COsOny. 
 
 It is exccflively I ot, lying moflly 
 within the Torrid fone, and on 
 the E. coaft extrcracij lusbtalthy, 
 
 M E X 
 
 and encumbered with woodi,which 
 extend a confiderable way into the 
 water. The inland country is 
 more agreeable, and the air of a 
 better temperament. 
 
 The number of horned cattle 
 is, in a manner, infinite, many 
 of them running wild; and a very 
 confiderable trade is carried on 
 in their hides and tallow; but 
 their flefli turns to little account 
 in commerce, by reafon of the ex- 
 treme heat. Swine are equally 
 numerous, and their lard is much 
 in requeft, and ufed inftead of 
 butter all over the country. Sheep 
 are numerous, but their wool it 
 of no great confideration in their 
 trade, being hairy and Ihort. Cot- 
 ton is here very good, and in 
 great plenty, of which there are 
 large manufaAures, and is thege. 
 ncral wear of the inhabitants; the 
 woollens and linens of Europe be- 
 ing worn only by perfons of fome 
 condition. Some provinces pro- 
 duce filk, but not in fuch abun- 
 dance or pcrfeAion as to form a 
 remarkable pari of their export. 
 'I he gold and filver of this cocn- 
 tiy cngrofs the principal attention 
 of the inhabitants. The com- 
 modities of moft importance- in 
 foreign commerce, are cochineal, 
 indigo, and cacao ; alfo fu^ar, to- 
 bacco, and logwood. 
 
 The trade of Mexico may be 
 confidcrcd as onfifting of thr« 
 great branches, by which it com- 
 municates with liie whole world; 
 nnuly, the trade viiih Eurrpe, 
 by La Vera Cruz ; the trade witii 
 the H"aft-Indics,by Acapuico; and 
 the commerce of the South-fca, b| 
 the fame port. 
 
 Old Mexico is divided into 
 three diflri^ls, or governmenit, 
 called audiences, as having fo- 
 verfign couits ; uhich, though 
 under the inipchion of th^Vic*- 
 roy, dccde in all civil or crimi- 
 
 
 1 Xl\ IV f^r ' 
 
 (Ilia. 
 
 dniaxara, containing the provincfj 
 cf Cinaloa, Culiacan, Ch-mephan, 
 Xalifco, Guadalaxara Proper, Z»« 
 
M E X 
 
 atccas, and New Bifcay. 2. Mexi- 
 co, including the provinces ot 
 Mechoacan, Mexico Proper, Pa- 
 nuco, Tlafcala, Guaxaca, Tabaf- 
 co, and Yucatan, 3. Guaiimala, 
 whicli campreliends the provinces 
 of Chiapa, Soconufco, Guatimala 
 Proper, Vera Paz, Honduras, Ni- 
 caragua, Corta Ricca, and Ve- 
 raeua. 
 
 Mexico audience it bounded on 
 the N. by New Mexico; on the 
 E. by the North-S'ea, or gulph of 
 Mexico; has tfic South-Sea on 
 the S. and S. W. and on the S. 
 E. fide it joins the provinces of 
 Chiapa and Soconufco, in the go- 
 vernment of Guatimala. It lies 
 betwecT lat. 17, 23, wholly in 
 the Torrid zone. Its extent, from 
 the remoteft point of Panuco, on 
 the N. E, to that of Mechoacan, 
 on the S. W, from fea to fea, is 
 eoo leagues ; and much the fame 
 from the N. part of Mechoa<ian, 
 on the N. W. to Chiapa, on the 
 S. E. yet it is hardly 60 leagues 
 from Tea to fea acrofs Guaxica ; 
 but this dimenlion is exciuHve of 
 the peninfula of Yucatan. 
 
 The province called Mexico 
 Proper lias Tlafcala on the E. 
 Mechoacan on the W. Panuco on 
 the N. and the Pacific Ocean on 
 the S. It is 315 miles from S. 
 to N. and »oo where broadcfl, on 
 the coaft ; but narrower towards 
 the S. 
 
 M E X I c o , a royal city, archle- 
 pilcepai fee, and the capital of the 
 province of the I'ame name, and 
 of the wliole kingdom of Mexico. 
 It (Idiids on an iilaiid in rhc mid- 
 die of a fpacious lake, about 30 
 le-fgiicv in circumference, and is 
 acce(ril)lc only by 5 caufewajs of 
 a fonfiderable length. It is uf a 
 fsnve form, and about 7 miles 
 III circuit ; fonie reciton the num- 
 btr of inhabitants to be about 50 
 Of 60,000, wlap are compofed of 
 Jfjniarda/Mougrejs, Indians, Ne- 
 llies, and Mulattoes; in Ihort, 
 •"«" of all the tints that the mix- 
 ture of white, copper colour, and 
 
 M E X 
 
 black, can produce. It is greatlj 
 admired for ftraight and fpacious 
 ftreeti and fvjuares, its cool fitna- 
 tion in fuch a hot climate, and 
 Its natural ftrength. It contains 
 29 convents, 22 nunneries, and 
 a great number of parifli-churches, 
 befides the cathedral. Their enor- 
 mous riches, and (hocking luxury, 
 can only be paralleled by the ex- 
 cefs of their fuperftition, and the 
 corruption of their morals. 
 
 it is the refidence of the Vice- 
 roy, the feat of the 6rft audience, 
 and one of the richcft and moft 
 fplendid cities in the world. And 
 though it has no fea -port, nor 
 any communication with the fea 
 by navigable rivers, it enjoys a 
 prodigious commerce, and is it- 
 fclf the centre of all that is car- 
 ried on between America and Eu- 
 rope on one hand, and between 
 America and the Eaft-Indies on 
 the other. The goods from Aca- 
 pulco to La Vera Cruz, or from 
 La Vera Cruz to Acapuico, for 
 the ufe of the Philippines, and, 
 in a great meafure for the ufe of 
 Peru and Lima.pafs thro' this city, 
 and employ an incredible number 
 of horfcs and mules. Hither all 
 the gold and filver is brought to 
 be coined ; here the King's fifth 
 is depofued ; and ail that im- 
 menfe quantity of plate wrought, 
 which is annually fcnt into Eu- 
 rope. The fhops glitter on all 
 fides with gold, filver, and jewels, 
 befides great chcfls piled up to 
 the ciclings, waiting for an op- 
 portunity of being fcnt to Old 
 Spain, &c. The city itfelf is re- 
 gularly built, and thehoufes hand- 
 fome, though not lofty. The or- 
 naments of the churches are o^- 
 travagantly rich, though the taftc 
 of their archite^ure is compari- 
 tively poor. It is 170 miles VV. 
 of the gulph of Mexico, and 190 
 N. from Acapuico. Lat. ao. ir, 
 long. 103, la, 
 
 Mexico, New, including 
 Califoruia, is bounded by un- 
 known laodi on the N. by Flo^ 
 N ' ^ 
 
MIA 
 
 rida on the E. l»y Old Mexico on 
 the S. and by the Pacific Ocean 
 on the W. It is r temperate, and 
 in fome parts a froitful couniry; 
 though California it a mountain- 
 ous, cra;:gy, and barren traft, 
 both ill the outer and inner coafts 
 towards 4he nulpli i and notwith- 
 (landing the Indefatigable pains of 
 the Jefuit miftionaries, among the 
 natives of this country, for con- 
 verting them to chrirtianity, by 
 feeding I hem regularly every day, 
 and ufing all the endearing me- 
 thods to win them, they feeni 
 fUll to retain their priflinc bruta- 
 lity t of which they have given 
 feveral indances ; for after fcizing 
 upon a horfc belonging tt> one of 
 |he miirionarics, killing end (cart- 
 ing on him, in a ring round the 
 carpfe, they not long after pro- 
 ceeded to a more fhocking extre- 
 mity, and barbaroufly niaflucrcd 
 the fathers Caranco and T'lmaral, 
 with many more perfons, fome of 
 whom were natives attached to 
 the miflTonarics, who fell into 
 their hands, having totally ruined 
 four other milTionaries, the re- 
 maining twelve or thirteen nar- 
 rowly cfcaping the fame fate. The 
 fathers, by their furveys, have 
 found California to be a penin- 
 fula, joined to New Mcy^to on 
 the N. E. near which are pearl- 
 filheries; and thefe fcem to be 
 the chief thing valuabl.* ; tho' the 
 
 fialtry natives cannot b; made to 
 abour in queft of that trenfure, 
 Oi <\y thing clfc. See California, 
 
 In Mexico are rich filvcr mines, 
 the principal of which are thofe 
 of St. Barbc. 
 
 MiAMis, a favagc nation of 
 Canada, at the bottom of lake 
 Michigan, where they have a vil- 
 lage at Chicagou, the rcfidencc of 
 the Chief, or Cacique, who can 
 raife between 4 and 50^0 warriors, 
 and never goes abroad without a 
 guard of 40 foldicrs, who keep 
 fcntry day and night round his 
 Jiut or cabin, while he is there, 
 UiC fcldom appears in jcifon to 
 
 M I C 
 
 his ruhje^s, hut contents himfclf 
 with lignitying his orders to thcin 
 by one of his ofTiccrs. 
 
 jMichigan, one of the five 
 rincipal inland takes of Canada, 
 etween a point of the neigh hour- 
 ing continent ut Michillimukiuur, 
 a Huron fcttlemcnt, cKtending it< 
 fclf S. and oppofite to another, 
 which looks N. is formed a Hrait, 
 through which the lake Huron 
 communicates with the lake Mi- 
 chigan. 
 
 This is an incommodious place 
 for a fettlement, the cold being 
 cxccdive; owing, undoubtedly, to 
 the ul'ual agitation, by very lein- 
 peiluous winds, in the vvatcrt of 
 the three lakes among which it 
 lies; the leaR, namely, Michigan, 
 being 300 leagues in circuit, with- 
 out reckoning the bay Dcs Pliant, 
 38 leagues more in depth inland, 
 that empties itfelf into it. 
 
 The inequality of the tidct dif- 
 turbs very much the navigation 
 of thefe lakes ; for they are ob- 
 ferved to keep no fort of reguLi- 
 rity, and they are pretty (irong 
 in fom': places Near the little 
 idatKl of Mithillimakinuc they 
 rife and fall once in 24 hours, at 
 full and new nioon, always run- 
 ning into lake Michigan. It it 
 no lefs certain, that, indcpendtntly 
 of thefe ticlej, there is a current 
 which is continually direOed from 
 lake Huron into the other; a phe- 
 nomenon apparently occafioncd by 
 fpringSf fuch as arc frequently to 
 be met with in the open fca. 
 
 This current, however, does not 
 hinder the natural courfe of the 
 Michigan, which difchargcs its 
 waters into the lake Huron, at 
 well as the Superior lake. The 
 (irft of thefe two currents, name- 
 ly, that of lake Huron into lake 
 Michigan, is more perceptible 
 when the wind blows from the 
 oppofite quarter; namely, from 
 the S. at which time flakes of jce 
 are fecn to be caTied from th« 
 former into the latter, with at 
 much velocity as a (hip before the 
 
 M 
 
 wind. This ii 
 aOly the cafe 
 BaliMPi. 
 
 In the chini 
 
 Superior Inko 1 
 
 into the Huron 
 
 rents in great n 
 
 ter, and (0 (Ir 
 
 to carry tway tli 
 
 from which it ii 
 
 (his huge lake 
 
 of its waters Ini 
 
 );an by means 
 
 channels, whici 
 
 for this purpofc, 
 
 ncr as it is thu 
 
 fca communicate 
 
 inr, and the lat 
 
 Mediterranean, 
 
 mnrc likely, as 
 
 receives into ir j 
 
 10 or la of will 
 
 the Arait itfelf, 
 
 give out fo mud 
 
 de.^.l, as it reo 
 
 other outlet thar 
 
 The fame tliir 
 
 Michigan, whicl 
 
 tffs of the great I 
 
 into its bofom 
 
 rivers, many of 
 
 large, and have 
 
 for, hefides the 
 
 of its waters into 
 
 it innfl necefTiri 
 
 alfo a ful)terranc( 
 
 rdf, as has bcci: 
 
 ilic Superior lak 
 
 »hich has been n 
 
 torrob'iratcsthec 
 
 ly. that all the 
 
 fouti;] at a certa 
 
 llrait called th« 
 
 of Sf. Mary, art 
 
 porous, like fpo 
 
 of them arc evci 
 
 form of grottoes 
 
 paienily owing 
 
 «'!iich have bcci 
 
 lioned. 
 
 In failing from ] 
 'othe river St.joi 
 torn of lake Michi 
 llioueh the wind i 
 » vellel will go ab 
 
M I C 
 
 wind. *I'lii» is known to be ex- 
 iftly «hc cafe in llic (Iraiti of 
 
 In ilic chinnfl hy which the 
 Superior Inko tltrown its w.ilcri 
 into ihc Huron lake there .ire cur- 
 rents in great nuinbcri iimlcr w.i- 
 
 M I C 
 
 league* In a day t anJ thli provfil 
 llul the currenri mu(l incrqaf* 
 her velocity. Tlic fame thing 
 h.is l)i< n ohfcrved nt entering tha 
 bay Din Pn.iis. There i« na 
 
 ter, and I'o ftrong as fonK'tlmct 
 locjrry tway the fidiermcni ncis: 
 from which It it conjcdhtred, tl»;(t 
 ihis l.ir}»,c lake difchar^ci a part 
 of its watcri Into th.it (»f Michi- 
 pan liy mc^ns of fuUrcrm nooni 
 diinncls, which it ha» hollowt«l 
 for this pnrpofc, in the fame man- 
 ner as it is thought the Cafpian 
 fca cornniunicatts with the liux- 
 inc, and the latter again with the 
 Mfdircrrancan. All this Is the 
 mnre likely, as the Superior lake 
 receives into ir at IciQ 40 rivers, 
 10 or la of which arc as large as 
 the ftralt itfelf, and would not 
 give out fo much wafer, by a great 
 deal, as it receive*, had it no 
 other outlet than this channel. 
 
 The fanfic thing may be faid of 
 MichiR.in, which, behdei the wa- 
 trrs of the great lake, receives alfo 
 into its bofom a vafl number of 
 rivers, many of which are very 
 brgc, and have a long courfe : 
 for, hefides the vifible difchargc 
 of its waters into the lake Huron, 
 it innfl neceflkirily have hollowcfl 
 alfo i ful)terraneoui pafTagc for it- 
 rdf, as has been faid already of 
 ilic .Superior lake. A difcovcry 
 »hich has been made on this head 
 Mrr()b')rjtcsthcconjcOure; name- 
 ly. th;il all tlie rocks whicli are 
 f'lun.l at a certain depth in the 
 Urait cilled the Sault or Fall 
 of St. Mary, are perforated, or 
 porous, like fpongc, and many 
 of them aic cvenlioilov, in the 
 form of grottoes ; and this ap- 
 parently owing to the currents 
 «'!iich have been already men- 
 tioned. 
 
 ^ Infailingfrom Michillimakinac 
 fo the river St. jofcph, at-thc bot- 
 tom of lake Michigan, it is found, 
 ilioueh the wind is contrary, that 
 » vellel will go about eijjht or ten 
 
 doubt but thiit liiis bay, which 
 h,»n no viliblt; outl. t but on ono 
 hdc, <li(tliarj',c.< iilMf into lak«> 
 Michigan ; .mdthat the Michigan, 
 which iscirniinfl.mcfd in the lame 
 inaniici' us iliat bjy, en>piirs its 
 waters into the lake Huron i and 
 I hi! rather as Michigan and the 
 bay receive frvcral rivers ?n»o» 
 their bofoms, cfpecialiy the Mi- 
 chigan lake, to wliich there is aa 
 acccfTion of a very great number, 
 foinc of them not inferior in mag- 
 nitude to the river Seine in l'rn\)cc. 
 Vet tlicfe currentt arc perceivable 
 only in the middle of the channel, 
 by a kind of eddy, or counter- 
 current, on both ftdei of their 
 banks, of which an advantaj'^e ?• 
 made by coaOing along near'iha 
 Oiore, as tlioie are obliged to <!« 
 who fail in canoes made of bark. 
 At firll they run 5 leagues to 
 the W. in order to gain lake ,Mi- 
 chlganj and afterwards ftecring to 
 the S. which li the only courfis 
 veflels have to take for 100 Icaguef 
 (the extent of this lake from N. 
 to S.) till they come to the river 
 
 •St Jofcph. 
 
 Nothing excecd.5 the beauty of 
 the country which feparares lake 
 Michigan from lake Huron, 
 
 MtCHIt.LIMAKtNAC,afmall 
 
 ifland in the Huron lake of Can.i- 
 da. It lies ir» lat. 43, 30. Here is 
 only a middling village, in which, 
 however, a pretty good trade in 
 peltry was carried on till lately, 
 as being the pafs, or the place of 
 rendezvoos, for fevrral favage na. 
 lions ; but this trafHc is removed 
 to Hudfon's-Bay, by the channel 
 of the river Bourbon. 
 
 The fituation of Michillimaki- 
 nac is very advantageous for the 
 pnrpofes of commerce. It lies 
 between tliree great lakes; name- 
 ly, Michigan, which is 300 league* 
 in circuit, without faying any 
 
 ■I 
 
 li 
 
'mm 
 
 M J D 
 
 thinf of the great bay Puani that 
 empties iifelf into it s lake Hu- 
 ron, which is 3 CO leagues in cir- 
 ctiit, and it in the form of a tri- 
 angle ; an<l, iaftly, the Superior 
 UI^Ci which is 500. All three are 
 navigable for the Urged barlts : 
 and the twnfirfl arefcparated only 
 by a fmall (Irait, in wliich there 
 i* alfo abundant water for the 
 fame vefTcIs to navigate tlirough, 
 without obflrud^Uon, over all lake 
 Kr';, a* larasi Niagara. There is 
 indeed a conimunicacion between 
 like Huron itnd the Superior lake, 
 only by means of a canal of 22 
 leagues in length, but very much 
 interrupted by catnra^s or water- 
 I'als : yet fo as not to hinder cj- 
 noes from cominc to unload at 
 Michillimakinac al! that ihcy can 
 brliy; from the SuptMior lake.— 
 Sec Superior and the other lakes, 
 under their proper names ; alfo 
 Caiiadu, 
 
 Middlesex, the mod con- 
 fidcrahle county in the province 
 of Madacliurets-Bay. 
 
 Middlesex County, in New 
 li. Jerfcy, which has the provin- 
 cial town of Perth-Amboy in itt 
 diftria. 
 
 MiDDtEVON,a town in Berks 
 county, Penfylvania, fuuated about 
 3 miles N. from Newman's-town, 
 7 E. from Tulpthockcn, and 12 
 S, W. from Reading. 
 
 Mi DDL ETON, a pretty good 
 town of Monmouth, the moft 
 louthern county of Eaft-Jerfey. 
 It confirts of 100 families, with 
 o\it-plantations of 30,000 acres. 
 The there near this place, winding 
 like a hook, and being Tandy, is 
 denominated Suudyhook. It lies 
 26 miles S. of Pifcataway. 
 
 MiDDLETOWN, a town in 
 Lancader county, - Penfylvania, 
 on the Great Swaiawro creek, a 
 miles from the Sufquehannah ri- 
 ver, c miles S. of Hummel's- 
 town, and 10 miles E.of Lifburn. 
 
 MiDDLETOWN, a town in 
 Han ford county, Connefticut, on 
 the W. bank ol Conne^icut river, 
 
 M I S 
 
 14 miles S. of Hartford, and 9 
 N. of Hrfdhom. 
 
 MiLi oRD, a town in Ncw- 
 havcn county, Conne^icut, fau- 
 ted on the W Cult of a creek of 
 its owx name, that runs into 
 Long-lflund Sound. It is 4 miles 
 E. from Stratford, and 6 W. 
 from Kewhaven. 
 
 Milton, a town in Suffolk 
 county, MafTachufcts- Bay, liiu- 
 atcd on a river of the fame name, 
 that runs into BoOon harbour. 
 It is about Tiiles S. of Bofton, 
 a from Dorchefler, and cJ N. W 
 from Dranree. 
 
 Ml NO AN Islands, at the 
 N. fiilc of ilic mourh of the riv«r 
 St. Laurence, with the iflaiid of 
 Amicodi rf. from whence it is 
 (liflant but 10 leagues. It is a 
 very fcfurc harbour for ft»ips in 
 all weathers, wi h excellent an- 
 chorage and plenty of coj-filh. 
 It is very convenient for the filh- 
 cry i has the advantage of a level 
 good foil, and profi able Indian 
 trade; and has its ti.tes rife 10 
 or 12 feet. Ihey lie in long. 
 63, 15. iat. 50. 15. 
 
 MisAssiPiM, Mescha- 
 8IPPI, or Missisippi. It ii 
 bounded on the N. by Canada ; 
 on the E. by the Briiifli planta- 
 tions ; on the S. by the gulph "f 
 Mexico; and on the W.by Loui- 
 liana. 
 
 Alfo a large river of the fume 
 n?me with thj; preceding couniiy, 
 rifing in Canada, and running to 
 the foulhward, till it falls into 
 the gulph of Mexico. It is na- 
 vigab.c, and faid to run upwatd? 
 of 2 ICO miles, in a veiy winding 
 courfe ; which, as well as the 
 neighbouring country, the French 
 polTcflcd from the y.ar i?'^ •'" 
 the peace of 1763. This rivet 
 was then fixed on as the boundary 
 between the Engliflj and Spanilh 
 American dominions, the navi- 
 gation of it being left free to 
 the fubje^s of both nations. 
 
 Upon founding the entrance 
 into the MiHiftppi, it was found 
 
M r s 
 
 frtfiive 16 feet water npon flie 
 bar} after which the Ncpmnc, a 
 fhip juft arrived from France, w;ij 
 immediately fcnt, and fhc cafily 
 fuilc I up thic river as far as New 
 Oile.ms, 14 IcagiKs from the 
 tn >uih8. 
 
 From Fort Crevccorur the Miffi- 
 fippi W.H cnicrej by the Sieur 
 Dacan an J Father Hennepin, who 
 failcj up It ai far as lat. 46, where 
 they were Ooppcd by a prct.y high 
 wa:erfal for the vvhole breadth of 
 the river, rolled by them Saitit 
 tic S. Anroine de Padouc, or St. 
 Amhoriy of Padua's Leap. The 
 foince of the MkdUlppi is IUJI 
 nnkoown j hut it runs aimofl 
 quite rhroiT^h Morth America, 
 'I'he lake AlTiniboils is very far 
 from the places where thctc two 
 voyagers were ; a id it is certain 
 ihit the French h.id at th.it time 
 no fcitleinent on the banlcs of the 
 river whkh iliey {ailed da^-n. 
 
 It rf'civas a great number of 
 larp;c rivers in its couftc, as the 
 Ohio (almaft eqml to the Da- 
 Biil>e), the Oujbachi (Ccarcely 
 mfcriot' to it), with ihc oreat ri- 
 vers Ahbatviii, IVIobile, ^c. fomc 
 •f which bring down Aich pro- 
 digious quantities of mud and 
 ^ime, that it can hardly clear it- 
 fclf in the courfe of 20 Icaguts.. 
 It breed* vaft numbers of cro- 
 codiles, and other amphibious 
 creatures., h hath plenty of w.i- 
 tcrfowl, and the country on both 
 fides is pretty fertile, and inha- 
 bited by a great var ly of na^ 
 tions. 
 
 It difch«rg« itftif bjr two 
 branches, which form an illand 
 of a confiderable length. Its 
 mouths lie betwecii lat.. 29 and 
 30, and long. 89 and 90, being 
 filled vviiK jfcveral. other, fmall 
 inlands. 
 
 The country on each fide ilrcfe 
 two mouths is quite uninhabita- 
 ble, on account of the frequcrt 
 inundations, as well as barrennefs 
 of the f()il, producing nothing 
 iut ruihes^ canes, aud L'ne. kinds 
 
 M I S 
 
 of fr«e», great part of which !far 
 rooted up by the force of ih* 
 water. But a (ew leagtiei higher, 
 towar<ls the iHand, it is a delight- 
 ful country, covered with vine» 
 atid all forts of fruit-trees ; the 
 ground producing plenty of In- 
 dian corn, puTc, and ^her grain, 
 and yielding two crops ia ihft 
 year. 
 
 About 60 leajnies higher up on 
 the R. fide, is the river of Yafona, 
 which comes into the Midifippl 
 2 or 300 miles out of the country ;^ 
 and its borders are inhibited' by 
 the nations of the Yufones Tou» 
 nicas, Kx)\vronas, &c. 60 league*, 
 higher is the river and nation of 
 Chongue, with fbme others to the 
 a, 30 leagues higher the Mifli- 
 fippi receives a river which illues 
 frnm a lake abont iio miles dif- 
 lait, 20 miles long; and receives 
 4 large riN^ers: 1. The Cafqyi, or 
 CM4atcs, the moll ibuthern of 
 thcfe, being thf river of the Chc- 
 rokces, a mighty natioti, among* 
 whitb arc its principal foua'es. 
 ft comes fiom the &. E. and its 
 heads arc among the mountains, 
 wliich fepttiatc tnis country from 
 Carolina, and is the great load ot 
 the traders from thervce to the 
 MifTifippi andi intermaliate places.. 
 40 leigues above the Chikazas,. 
 this river forms fom* delicate 
 Ulands, namely, Taho^ile, Ka- 
 k-ck, Cochali, and Tu.y ; and 
 thcfe have each a nation inha- 
 biting them. 2. The river O- 
 nefpere, which, abont 3a leagues. 
 M the N. E. of the lakcj divides 
 into 2 branches, of which the 
 nioft fouthern is called the Black, 
 river; but with, very few inha- 
 bitants upon either, thcfe having 
 ])een deflroyed or drnen away by. 
 the [roquois.. The Heads of this 
 riverare Uluatetl in that vaft ridgc- 
 of mountains which run on the. 
 bacic of Carolina, Virgrnia, and 
 Maryland - throupli' which !T!f!!"*= 
 tains is a fliort pjfTage to the- 
 fiiurces of the great riv€r Polo- 
 cnack on the £-. fulc of xhesat, 
 
M I S 
 
 V 
 
 3. The river Ohio, or Hohio^ it 
 more to the N> It is a vuH rtver 
 which comes frcm the back of 
 J>^ew-Voik, Marylaiui, and Vir- 
 ginia. Ill the Indian langoage it 
 liginlies a fuir livcr, and i> n;t- 
 vifiable for 600 miles, It runt 
 lluough the iroft plrafant coun- 
 tries ui (he world, and rtrceivet 
 10 or J 2 riven, bcfides innume- 
 ralilc rivuleis. Several naiiont 
 formerly dwelt on this river, at 
 the Chawanocs, or Chouunoiis, a 
 great pfiopic, who, with many 
 others, were totally extirpated bj 
 |he Iroquois, who made this ri- 
 ver iheir ufual road, whtn they 
 entered into a war with the na- 
 tions cither to the S. or W. 
 i^. The rooft northerly river, 
 iRfhich runt into the faid lake, 
 t>nd which comes, like the td\, 
 from the N. fi. is the Ouabache, 
 cr St. Jeremy's river. 15 league* 
 above tl|e Ohio is the great illand 
 f.f the Tamaroas, with a nation 
 oppofite to it that eoct by its 
 name ; and another by that of 
 Catiokia, who dwell on the banks 
 of theChepudo. 30 leagues higher 
 is the river Checagou, or ihc river 
 of thelllioonecks.corrupilycalled 
 Illinois ; which nation lived up- 
 on this river in about 60 towns, 
 and confided of ao,ooo fighting 
 men, before they were dellroyed 
 by the Iroquois, and driven to 
 the W. of the Mifllfippi. This 
 is a large pleafant river, and, a- 
 bout Z50 miles above its entrance 
 into the MilTifippi, is divided into 
 two branches ; the lefler comes 
 from N. and by £. and its fource 
 is within 4 or 5 miles of the W . 
 fide of the great lake of the II- 
 linonecks, or Michigan. The 
 largeft comes direftly from the E. 
 and iiTues from a morafs wuhin 
 two miles of the river Miamiha, 
 which runs into the fjme lake. 
 On the S. E. fide is a communi- 
 
 vitiiw:: uciwccii iticiC iVru 3tT<.to, g' 
 
 MOB 
 
 c'agou is above 400 milst, navU 
 gable above half-way by (hips; 
 and mud of the rell by floops 
 and barges* It receives many 
 rmail riverr, and totms i or } 
 l.tke> ; one cfpecially called Pime- 
 teovi.zo miles long, and j broad, 
 which aB'ords great quantities of 
 good filh. Ou the S.. E. bank of 
 the river Checagou, M. de i«alc 
 cre^ed a fort, which he called 
 Crcveraur, or Heart- breaker, on 
 account of the troubles he met 
 with here. The fort Hands abuut 
 half-way betwixt the gulph of 
 Mexico and Canada ; and was 
 formerly the ufual toad of the 
 French to ard from both, till 
 they difcovered a Ihorter and ea- 
 fier paflage by the rivtrs Oua- 
 bache and Ohio, which rife at a 
 fmall diflance from the lake Erie, 
 or fome rivers entering into it. 
 80 leagues higher, the Miffifippi 
 receives the Milconfiag, a river 
 refembling that of the lllino- 
 necks in breadth, depth, and 
 couifc ; and the country adjacent 
 to its branches it alike pleafant 
 and fruitful. 60 miles before it 
 falls into the MilTiiippi it is joined 
 by the river Kikapouz, which it 
 alfo navigable, and comes a grea 
 way from the N. W. 80 miles 
 further, almoft dire^'tly E. is a 
 a communication, by land-car- 
 riage of two leagues, with the 
 river Mifconqui, which runs to 
 the N. E. and, after a paflage of 
 150 miles from the land-carnage, 
 falls into the great bay of Fon- 
 keontamis, or the Puans, which 
 joins on the N. W. fide to the 
 great lake of the Illinonccks. 
 Higher up the Mi/fifippi is the 
 river Chabadeba, above which 
 the Miffifippi forms a fine lake, 
 20 miles long, and 8 or 10 bread. 
 10 miles above that lake is the 
 river Tortoifes, a large fair river, 
 which runs into the country a 
 A •n-Av !rs ths J>J, E. and is 
 
 by a land-carriage of * leagues, navigable 40 miles by the !argelt 
 
 sbuuc 
 
 50 
 
 mi 
 
 [es to the S. E. of boats 
 
 the lake, The cturfc of the Che- Mobile, a rivtr of Cur.ada, 
 
M O N 
 
 tr)(i one of thofe coniUcrahie 
 ftreams winch fait into the Midt- 
 fippi. On its iMnki U the fettle- 
 meHt of Dauphin Iflftnd, about 
 no leaguQi £. of the Lttcr rWcr. 
 
 MoHANVKS, one of the Five 
 Nitiont of the Iro(juois, in al- 
 liance with Great Britain. Their 
 country liei between New- York 
 ind the lake Ontario. 
 
 Of the fame name it alfo a 
 river, which rum through the 
 Moliawki country. 
 
 AIoNA, one of the Antillei 
 Jflands, nut far from Hifpaniola, 
 and due £ from St. Domingo, 
 in the way to Poilo Rico; not 
 ghove 3 leagnet in circuit ; but 
 \i faid lo have an excellent cli- 
 male and f»il, bearing oranges, 
 niuch the largell and tinelt in 
 America, bcfides other fruit.— 
 Here is plenty of good water, and 
 the idand is pretty populous. 
 
 Mo N ATOMY, a village in 
 MiddUfcx county, Maflacliufcti- 
 Bay, 3 miles N. of Watertown, 
 and 4 N, W. of Cambridge. 
 
 MoNHECAN Island, .near 
 the coaft of the county of Lin- 
 coln, in the province of New 
 Hampihire, New England. It ia 
 fiiuated between 3 and 4 leagues 
 S. S. E. from Duck harbour, and 
 forms the W. point of Penobfcot 
 bay. 
 
 Monmouth, a county of 
 New E. Jerfey, whofe chief town 
 is Freehold, 
 
 Mo N p o X , a large city on the 
 Terra Firma, in the province of 
 Carthagena, in New Spain, on 
 tiie river Magdalena, which is 
 a place of great trade, and receives 
 the produfls of New Granada, 
 by means of that liver, which it 
 conveys to Cailhagena. 
 
 MoNTRiAL, a town of Ca- 
 nada. It Hands in an ifland of 
 the fame name, in the river St. 
 Laurence, and 60 leagues (others 
 
 fiV loQ nn;l#<'c^ S nf Ctt\f\tor If 
 
 IS a well J. copied place, of an ob- 
 long form, the ftreets very open, 
 and the houiVs well built, 1 he 
 
 M O N 
 
 fortifications are pretty tlrongf 
 being fufrounded by a «NiM,flaiiC« 
 ed w'vh ir redoubts, which fer?e 
 inft«ad of baftionii the ditch it 
 •boM eight feet deefr, and of • 
 proportionable breadfh, but dry^ 
 encompafling the town, except 
 that part which lies towards tna 
 river. It has four gates, one of 
 them very fmall. It hat alfo » 
 fort or citadel, (he batteries of 
 which command the (Ireets of the 
 town from one end to the others 
 and over the livcr St. Peter it » 
 bridae. 
 
 The bauk of the river St. Lau- 
 rence, oi> which (he town of Mon» 
 treal is Invilt, rifes inicnfibly fronri' 
 the water's edge to tbe oppofite 
 part of the town; which is di- 
 vided into two parts, called the 
 Lower and the Upper T'own; tho' 
 the ufccni in padine from the for* 
 mer to the latter it I'carcely per- 
 ceivable. The merchants in ge- 
 neral rcfide in the Lower Town ; 
 and here is alfo the place of arms, 
 the nunnery hofpital, and royal 
 magazines : but the principal 
 ftruflures are in the Upper Town ; 
 among which are the Recollcts 
 convent, the parlOi- church and 
 free-fchool, the Jefuits church and 
 fcminary, the palace ©f the gover- 
 nor, and the houfes of mofl of 
 the officers belonging to the gar- 
 rifon. The Recollcts convent is 
 a fpacions Hiu^ure, and their 
 community very numeroui. The 
 pari/h-church is large and well- 
 builf, of hewn flone ; the free- 
 fchool, which joins to it, very 
 commodious, but not magnificent. 
 The Jefuits feminary is fmall, 
 but their church is well orna- 
 menteo, The governor's palace 
 is a large building : and the fame 
 may be laid of feveial others in 
 the town of Montreal. The nun- 
 nery -hofpital is a commodions 
 Arudure, and ferved by religious 
 
 .,,..„t~j J .....IV s-.vtit 
 
 La Fleche, ft town of Aojou, tn 
 France. Their falon in this 
 bulldicg is grU)4 xstd well-fiQilb" 
 
M O N 
 
 ed; and their church is well-built, 
 ittiat, and convenient. 
 
 Without the town, on the o- 
 thcr fide of Sr. Perer's river, are 
 fcveral elegant houfcs ; particu- 
 brly one belonging to M. dc Cal- 
 licre, and the General Hofpital, 
 called les Frcres Chan on s, from 
 its being eflablifhed by a genrlc- 
 man of that name, who had af- 
 fociated *ith him fevcral pcrfons 
 of piety and learning, for found- 
 jng fo'ufcful a charily, and fur- 
 pi/hing the country-parilTi \n\tl\ 
 fchool-maOers for the inftrnOion 
 of the Indian children. He had 
 the plcafurc of feeing the General 
 Ilofp'tal ertabljlhed before his 
 death, which hippencd in the year 
 1719, though his brethren hid 
 defcrted him fome time bi;fore. 
 The place formerly be»on"cd to 
 the French, hut che Enplim took 
 it from them in 1760, havinc/ be- 
 fore made themfclves nialters r,f 
 Qnebec. It was taken by the 
 Provincials in 1775, but rjraiienia 
 J776. l.at. 46, ic long. 75, 12. 
 
 The illand of Montreal, in 
 which the town of the fame name 
 is built, is about iq leagues ionj*,, 
 and 4 broad, being very fruitful 
 in corn, and abounding with clc- 
 gant plantation.*., li has its name 
 from a mountain of j^reat height, 
 fituatevl %bout th* middle cf the 
 ifland, which, it feems to over- 
 k>ok, like a monarch from his 
 ihrone, and thence accj<iired the 
 appellation of the Royal Moun- 
 tain, a name which hxs been fince 
 given to the town itlilf, which 
 was originally called.Ville Marie. 
 
 The river St. Laurence is here 
 about a league ia breadth, and its 
 banks inrcrfperfed with trees and 
 icals, containing leveral iflands ; 
 fome of which are inhabited, and 
 others in their natural fVate, exhi- 
 biting to the eye the molt b«an- 
 tifut profpeil,. Indeed the banks 
 of the river from Quebec to Mon- 
 treal are pretty well fettled. The 
 farms lie pretty clofe all the way, 
 iikd fevcni gcaticuicc's fiiu^ fbcsv 
 
 M O N 
 
 ihemfelves at intervals. The ri- 
 ver is not navigable at Montreal, 
 on account of fevcral catarafls 
 and rocks, which oblhiirt the 
 palfage. 
 
 Though the lands of Montreal 
 produce Indian corn in abimdance, 
 and all the vegetables of Eutope 
 fl..uriih in it; yet the French have 
 never been able to eftablifli any 
 rtiple commodity to anfwer their 
 demands on their mothcr-comi, 
 try. Their trade with ih;; In- 
 dians produces all their returns to 
 that market. The furs of the 
 beaver, with thofc of foxes and 
 racoon?, the (kin.s of deer, and 
 all the branches of the peltry, to- 
 gether with what corn and lumber 
 they cm fend to the Wef>-fn lici?, 
 coiidiHUe their whole fldck of 
 merchandife. And thtfe hav« 
 been found fiifiicient to render 
 their lives agreeable in this friiit- 
 fuj country^ 
 
 They have wine, brandy, cloth, 
 linen, and wrought iron from Eu- 
 rope : and the Indian trade re- 
 quires brandy, tobacco, a fort of 
 dof5l blankets, guns, powder and 
 balljU'-ttles, hatchets, tomahawks, 
 ••vith feveral forts of toys and trin- 
 kets. The Indians fupply the 
 peltry ; and the French h.i»e tia- 
 ders, whr-ra they call Coureurs de 
 Bois, who, like th« o-'^rial inlia- 
 bitants, traverGng the vai! iakt: 
 and ri/sr?„ which interfefl tliij 
 country, in canoes ntade of bark, 
 with incredible patience and in>. 
 duilry, carry their goods, into thu 
 nemotcft parts of America, and: 
 difpoit of them to nations entire* 
 ly unknown to us.. This in re- 
 tarn brings the market hon-e ta 
 them,, as the Indians are by this 
 mean* encouraged to trade at 
 Montreal ; for which purpofc peo- 
 ple frum all parts, even ihofe ^^ho- 
 dwell flbovc icoQ milts diftant, 
 come to the fair at Montreal,, 
 which is annually holden in June; 
 and it fometimes continues for 
 three months together. Many fo- 
 kiuuiika arc uU^tvcd qu 'dx'a oc- 
 
M O N 
 
 cafjon ; guards are planted in 
 proper ftarions, and the governor 
 himfclf affifts in perfon to pre- 
 fcrve order among fuch a vaft con- 
 courfe of favage nations. Nor 
 arc all thcfe precautions fufficient, 
 as thcfivages too often find means 
 of intoxicating fhemfclvcs witFi 
 fpirltuous liquors, wliich produces 
 a temporary madnefs, during whicli 
 they are guilty of the moft enor- 
 mous excelTcs. 
 
 MoNsERRAT, one of the Ca- 
 ribbee - Iflands, and among the 
 finallcrt of them in the Atlantic- 
 Ocean. Colurpbus difcovercd it in 
 1493. '' 's of an oval form, a- 
 bout 3 leagues long, and 2 in 
 breadth, being 18 or 20 in cir- 
 cuit; and contains about 50,000 
 acres. It was fettled in 1632. 
 Tiic firft fcttlcrs were Irilhmcn, 
 and the prcfent inhabitants arc 
 their dcfcendants, or other natives 
 of Ireland fincc fettled there, by 
 which means the Irifti language is 
 preferved there, even among the 
 negroes. The government of the 
 ilhnd is compofcd of a Lient. 
 Governor, a Council, and an Af- 
 fembly of 8 rcprcfentaiives, 2 for 
 each of the 4 diftrifts which di- 
 vide the ifland. Its mountains 
 are covered with cedars, *rc. Its 
 valleys are well watered and fruit- 
 ful : but the climate and foil, the 
 latter being light and fandy, tho' 
 highly fertile, are much the fame 
 with thofe of the other iflands ; 
 as are alfo its animals and trade. 
 Its chief produce is indigo, but of 
 a very inferior kind, bcfides fome 
 fugar, and the commodities de- 
 rived from the cane. It is {o fur- 
 runded with rocks, that the rid- 
 ing before it is very precarious 
 and dangerous on the approach of 
 s tornado, having no haven. It 
 contains about 1500 Europeans, 
 who are hiafters of ?bout 12,000 
 African flavcs. The exports in 
 1770 amounted to go.oool. to 
 f^^rcat - Britain and Ireluid, and 
 Ji.ooo lo K. America. It has 
 only 3 roads, vi*. Plymouth, Old- 
 narbour, and Ker's-kcy ; where 
 
 M O R 
 
 they are obliged to obferve the 
 fame iriethods as at St. Chrifto- 
 pher's in loading or unloading the 
 veflels. 
 
 On the 29th and 30th of June, 
 1733, a hurricane happened here, 
 the whole damage of which, cx- 
 chjfiveof the /hipping, was reckon- 
 ed not lefs than 50,000!. curren- 
 cy. It lies 30 miles S.W. of An- 
 tigna, the fjme diftance S. E. from 
 Nevis, and is rul)jc<ft to Great- 
 Britain. Latitude i 7, 10. longi- 
 tude 62, 100. 
 
 MoosK River Factofv, 
 an English fcttlement in New- 
 South - Wales, which has been 
 crcrted ever fince 1740. It is 
 built near the month of the river 
 Mocfe, in lat. 51, 28, on a navi. 
 gable river, which at 12 milei 
 diftance from the fort is divided 
 into 2 branches 5 the one comc» 
 from the fourhward, and the other 
 from the S. W. Upon the fouthern 
 branch thrive all forts of grain, 
 as barley, beans, and peafe do at 
 the faftory, though expofed to 
 the chilling winds from the ice 
 in the bay. Upon the fouthern 
 part above the falls gro-vs natu- 
 rally along the river a kind of 
 wild oats, and rye like rice. In 
 the woods, at the bottom of the 
 bay at Moofc and Albany, as 
 well as at Ruprit's-rivcr, are very 
 large limber- trees of all kinds, 
 oak, s(h, &c. as well as pine, ce- 
 dar, and fpruce. They have ex- 
 ceeding gcd grafs for' hay; and 
 they may iiave every where, with- 
 in land, piilfe, rain, and fruit- 
 trees, as in the fame climate i-. 
 Europe. 
 
 The ice breaks up at Moofc 
 faftory in the beginning of March, 
 but higher up about tlie middle 
 of that month. The river is na- 
 vigable for canoes a great way up 
 among the falls. At a confidera- 
 ble dillance there is one fall of 50 
 feel ; but above that it is deep and 
 navigable a ereat way. The c!i= 
 mate above the fall is very good. 
 
 Morris, a county o( New. 
 Jetfcf, bounded on the £, by the 
 
M O S 
 
 Hudfon-river, and on the W. by 
 the Delawar. It is chiefly hilly, 
 not has any very confiderable 
 town in its limits, but a town of 
 its own name. 
 
 MosKiTo or MusQjJiTO, a 
 country of Mexico, between Tiux- 
 illo and Honduras. Lat. 13, 15. 
 long, 85, 88. It is bounded by 
 the North-Sea on the N. and E. 
 by Nicaragua on the S. and Hon- 
 duraj on the W. This fpace takes 
 in 150 leagues f the fliore, and 
 forms an obtufc angle at Cape 
 Gracifls a Dios, having one of 
 its fides expoftd to the N. the 
 other to the E. The general name 
 of Mollcitos is given to all the 
 nations which occupy this extent, 
 as well as the inner fpjce between 
 the coaft and the higher chain of 
 mountains. The whole of thcfe 
 notions toj»cther, arc above 30,000. 
 The Mufkitos arc the moft nu- 
 mcrons and bravefl. Theircoun- 
 try is one of the moft healthy and 
 beautiful fpots in the world ; and 
 here the Europeans do not fufFcr 
 by any of the diforders fo danger- 
 ous in the Weft-Indies, and live 
 here to a very old age. The 
 Spaniards, indeed, reckon this a 
 part of the province of Hondu- 
 ras, though they have no fettle- 
 mcrts in the Molkito country. 
 
 When the Spaniards firft iiivnded 
 this part of Mexico, they barba- 
 ronfly madacred mofl: of -the na- 
 tives, uhf nee proceeds the infupe- 
 n^ble averfion of fuch of them as 
 efcapcd into theinacccfllble moun- 
 tains againft the Spaniards : and 
 for that reafon they have always 
 readily joined with any Europeans 
 that come upon their coaft in cn- 
 terprifes againft the Spaniards, 
 part'Ciihrly with thcEnglifh, who 
 frequently come among them. 
 
 The Molkito Indians being ex- 
 cellent markfrncn, are employed 
 by the Enolilh to ilrike the mana- 
 tce-fifli ; and many of them fail 
 In Englifh vefTels to Jamaica. 
 
 W!>!?!! the Doke of .A.!b<;m-!r!e 
 was governor of Jamaica, thcfe 
 people put themfelves under the 
 
 M Y R 
 
 proteflion cf the crown of Eng- 
 land, and their King received a 
 commiflTion from him. Since which 
 time, when their King dies, the 
 next male heir goes to Jamaica, 
 and receives a commifllon accord- 
 ingly •, but before that he is not 
 acknowledged as fuch by his coun- 
 trymen. 
 
 Like all other uncivilized na- 
 tions they have few wants, and 
 are very indolent : indeed, they 
 never labour but when they are 
 hungry, then they hunt or fi(h, 
 cxerciies in which they are very 
 dexterous. Their country pro- 
 duces woods of fcveral kinds for 
 dying and cabinet-work ; and 
 from hence we procure tiger and 
 buck-fkins, but in fmall quantities. 
 
 MoSKiTo Island, oneof the 
 Smaller Virgin Iflands, in the Weft 
 Indies, fituatcd near the N. toaft 
 of Virgin Gorda, to whom it is 
 dependent. Long. 63, 15, lat, 
 18,25. 
 
 Mount Desart, a little 
 ifland of very high land at the 
 mouth of Penobfcot-Bay, in the 
 county of Lincoln, in New- 
 Hampfhire, New-England. It i$ 
 near the eaftern extremity of the 
 province, near Nova-Scotia, in 
 the territory of the Sagadahocks. 
 It is covered on the S. fide near 
 the continent w ith a firing of little 
 iflands that form a fine fafc har- 
 bour ; the entrance of which is 
 on the E. where is a middle 
 ground, of which the navigator 
 much be careful. Lat. 68. long. 
 44, 5c. Behind this ifland, which 
 lies near the fhore, is a very large 
 opening that forms the bay or 
 mouth of Mount Dcfart river. 
 
 Mount JOY, a manor of 
 New caflle country, and Penfylva- 
 nia, where the firit lime-ftore 
 found in America was dug. This 
 whole county isrcmarkable for its 
 excellent gravel, a thing very 
 rarely to be met with on theconti- 
 ncnt of America. 
 
 MyRTi-E Island, an ifland 
 in the bay of NafldU, in Florida.— 
 See Najliu Bajf. 
 
N A t 
 
 NA K T u c K I T, an ifland 
 S. E. of the main-land of 
 Kcw-England, 80 miles S. of 
 Bofton. Near it is one of the mod 
 confiderable fifherics in this pro- 
 vince, particularly for whales. 
 
 This ifland is become fo confi- 
 derable in its intercfts and pro- 
 perty, as to form one of the coun- 
 ties of MaflJchufets-Bay. It is a 
 hilly, fandy, bare ifland, which 
 of itfclf could give fubfiftence to 
 no fpecies of beings but fiflier- 
 men ; and is about 14 miles from 
 E. to W. and 4 from N. to S. 
 The town on Nantucket iflcflou- 
 rifled in proportion to the traffic 
 the inhabitants carried on, there 
 being 60 or 80 ftiips and vcflds 
 bt/onging to its port. Lat. 41, 
 12. long. 70, 10. 
 
 Narraganset, a town and 
 diflriftin Hampfliire county, Maf- 
 fachufets-Bay, 5 miles E. of Sun- 
 derland, and 10 W. of Peterfnam. 
 NARRAGANS£T,ariver which 
 runs into a bay of the fame name 
 near Providence, Rhode-Ifland. 
 
 Nassau Bay, or Spirito 
 San c TO, a large bay in Florida. 
 It is about a degree in length 
 from N. to S. containing four 
 iflands, fituated m a line from 
 S. W. to N. E. for 50 miles, with 
 openings between them a mile or 
 two over. The moft northerly is 
 called Myrtle ifland ; between 
 which and the continent i? the en- 
 trance of the bay. Here are many 
 fprings of excellent water. The 
 bay is 15 miles broad, from Myr- 
 tle ifland to a row of iflands run- 
 Jiing parallel with the Main-land, 
 and another bay between them 
 ftretching 50 or 60 miles to the 
 S. at far as one of the fmaller 
 mouths of the Mifll/lppi. 
 
 Nat A, a town in the ifthmus 
 of Darien, a province of Terra 
 Firma, with a harbour in Panama 
 Biy. Here, as in the neigh bour- 
 ' -g p^rta, tncy Dreed iiogs, fowls, 
 cattle J they alfo plant uiaifc ^^ur- 
 
 N E G 
 
 pofely for Aipplying Panama with 
 provifions: it lies 67 miles S. W. 
 of that city. Lat. 9, 12. long 82, 
 10. ° 
 
 Natick, a town in Middlefex 
 county, Maflichufets-Bay, on the 
 river Charles, 15 miles S. W. of 
 Cambridge, and 3 miles E. from 
 Sherborti. 
 
 Navasia, a fmall ifland In 
 the Windward PalFage, or ftrait 
 between Cuba and Kifpaniola, in 
 the W. Indies. Thither the in- 
 habitants of Jamaica come in 
 boats, to kill guanas, an amphi- 
 bious creature that breeds plenti- 
 fully at the roots of old trees. 
 They are in the fliape of a lizard, 
 with fcales, but firm, while flcfl), 
 which, failors fay, makes good 
 broth. Some of them are 3 feet 
 in length, 
 
 N A V I D A D , a town of Mecho- 
 acan, a province of Mexico, with 
 a harbour on the Pacific Ocean : 
 156 miles W. of Mexico city, 
 and fubjea to Spain. Lat. 18, 51. 
 long. Ill, 10. 
 
 Nawsh awn's Ifland, one of 
 the Elizabeth Iflands at the mouth 
 of Buzzard's bay, Plymouth Co- 
 lony, New-England, and is but 
 3 miles S. W. from the peninfula 
 of Barn flaplc county, which forms 
 CapeCod-bay. 
 
 Nazareth, a town in North- 
 ampton county, Penfylvania, 5 
 miles N. of Eafton, and 10 N. E. 
 of Bethlehem, 
 
 NEGADAjOrANEGADA, OnC 
 of the Caribbee Iflands. It is 
 low and defert, being encom parted 
 with flioals and fand-banks ; and 
 lies 50 miles N. W, 0/ Anguilla. 
 It is called Negada, from its being 
 mortly overflown by high tides. It 
 abounds with a remarkable bird 
 called the collibry, or humming 
 bird. Here are alfo painted crab5, 
 that crecf) down the hills in May, 
 and eat all the herbage, and after 
 going feveral t''mes to wafli them, 
 felves, return i.;ain. But at a cer- 
 tain feafon the females take to th« 
 fca, and there lay their eggs. 
 
N E V 
 
 which, being caft afliore and 
 warmed by the (un, produce young 
 ones, that creep to the woods, 
 *nd as they grow bigger get up the 
 rocks. They come out of their 
 (hells through an opening at the 
 tail, almoft imperceptible, being 
 only covered with a thin /kin, 
 which at iad becomes as firm as 
 the fliells -.vhich they have cad. 
 Lat. i8, 6. long. 63, 5. 
 
 Negril - Point, the moft 
 weftcrly cape of Jamaica. Lat. 
 j8, 45. long. 78. 
 
 Nelson's Fort, a fettlement 
 on the W. fide of Hudfon's Bay, 
 In Canada, at the mouth of a 
 river of the fame name. It lies 
 850 miles S. E. of Churchill-fort, 
 and 600 N. W. of Rupe;t-fort, 
 belonging to Great Britain, and 
 in the poflcffion of the Hudfon's- 
 Bay Company. Lat. 57, 12, long. 
 91, 12. 
 
 Ne Ultra, or Sir Tkjmas 
 Poe's Welcome, a narrow 
 firait between lat. 6* and 63. 
 in NfW North Wales, and the 
 ArAic regions of America, 
 
 Nevis, an ifland about a league 
 S. from St. Chriftopher's, one of 
 the Caribbces. The ifland is about 
 2 leagues long, and 1 broad, and 
 is only a vad mountain rifing 10 
 a great height. At the fcot of it 
 the Toil is very fine and fruitful, 
 and takes up in Tome places near 
 half a kagiie 'n breadth, but de- 
 creafcs in geodnefs as well as ex- 
 tent, as one approaches the top. 
 Nevis was formerly more flouriln- 
 ing than at pirfent, and before the 
 Revolution contained 30,000 in- 
 habitants : the invafion of the 
 French about ttiat lime, and fome 
 epidemical difordcrs, V.avcftrange- 
 ly diminifhed the number, fince 
 they only reckon at prefent a or 
 3000 whiles, and 6 or 70CO ne- 
 groes. Tlie produftions are nearly 
 the fame as at St. Chnftophet s, 
 and they furpafs thofc in that 
 ifland in aiftivity and indufiry, as 
 well as in the neatnefs of their 
 houfes, lor which (hey ui diitia- 
 
 NEW 
 
 guilhed in the Weft-Indies. They 
 have three tolerable roads or bays 
 on uhich are fituated as many 
 towns, viz. Newcaftle, Lhtle- 
 borough or Morcton-Ray, and 
 Charles Town, the capital of the 
 ifland. The ifland is divided inro 
 3 pariflies, and its trade annually 
 employs about 20 veflels. The 
 exportation to Great Britain, in 
 I770,in cotton and fugar, amount- 
 ed to n''ar 44,0001. to North- 
 America, where they fent molar. 
 fes, rum, and lemons, exceeded 
 14,000!. Lat. 61, 55, lone. 17,15. 
 
 Nlw Albany, called ahb 
 Orange-Fort, in the province of 
 New- York. Here is a (Irong ftonc 
 fort.— See Albany. 
 
 N E w A L B I o N , the name 
 given by Sir Francis Drake to 
 California, in New Mexico, when 
 he took poflcflion of it, anno 
 1578, in Qiieen Elizabeth's name, 
 the King of the country actually 
 inverting him with its fovereignty. 
 See Caiiferniaf and Mexico, 
 
 Nkwark, a town of F.fli;x 
 county in Ne* Jerfcy. It is the 
 moft compart place in both the 
 Jerfeys, confifling of about 100 
 families, with 50,000 aejes laid 
 out fcr cullivation ; about 6 or 
 7 milc' N. of F-lizabeth, 7 miles 
 N. of Statcn ifland, and il W, 
 from New- York. 
 
 New BERN, a town in the 
 county of Craven, in North-Ciiro- 
 lina, lituaied on the £. fideof the 
 river Nufe, which at about 30 
 miles diflance empties ilfelf iMo 
 the Pamtico Sound. It is a very 
 liuiving place, has the rtfidence 
 of a Govcrnorj and is not above 
 20 miles E. from Fort-Barnwjli, 
 on the faine river, and nearly the 
 lame diftance from Bathtown. 
 
 New Biscay, a province ot 
 Guadalaxara au iience, in Old 
 Mexico, or New Spam, It is 
 bounded by New Mexico, on the 
 N. by part of Florida and panuco 
 on the E. by Zacateca,'; on the S. 
 and by Caliacan on the W. « i» 
 
ndies. They 
 oads or bays 
 ed as many 
 Ue, Liiile- 
 n-Ray, and 
 apital of the 
 
 divided inro 
 adc annually 
 rcflels. The 
 I Britain, in 
 ear, amount* 
 r. to North- 
 ' fent molaf. 
 )S, exceeded 
 
 lone. 17,15. 
 
 called alio 
 province of 
 
 (trong ftonc 
 
 , the name 
 is Drake to 
 
 [exico, when 
 }f it, anno 
 btth's name, 
 itry aflually 
 fovereignty, 
 md Mexico, 
 
 in of F.flex 
 <f. It is the 
 in both the 
 about 100 
 o acjes laid 
 
 about 6 or 
 :th, 7 miles 
 
 and n W. 
 
 wn in the 
 North-Ciiro- 
 E. fide of the 
 n about 50 
 s ilfelf iMo 
 
 It is a very 
 he rtfidente 
 is not above 
 rt-Barnw.ii, 
 d nearly the 
 ithtown. 
 
 province of 
 •c, in Old 
 a hi. It is 
 tico, on the 
 and panuco 
 .<; on the S. 
 c W. it i» 
 
 NEW 
 
 about 100 leagues from E. to W. 
 and 120 from N. to S. From its 
 beine well watered, it is fruitful ; 
 and being iituated a little above 
 the Tropic of Cancer, its climatt 
 ii temperate. Though part of it 
 IS a mountainous, barren fpot 
 m3(l of the country abounds with 
 ill forts of provifions ; and tho' 
 this province is inland, the inha- 
 bitajtsare very rich, not only in 
 corn, cattle, 8cc. butalfo in filver. 
 mines, and fomc of lead. The 
 natives are not yet totally fe- 
 dKced : fo that between the mines 
 
 of Zacatecas and thofe of : his coun- 
 try, they have four large towns 
 Iituated !n morafles. 
 
 Nt:\v Brunswick, a town 
 in the county of BrumWick. in 
 Ne^v E. Jerfey, fituated on the 
 Raritan river. 
 
 New Brunswick, in New- 
 York, on a W. branch of Hud- 
 on s river, 20 miles N. of New 
 
 ttmdfor, and the fame diQance 
 
 •). of Kingfton. 
 
 . New Britain, comprehend- 
 ■ng Labrador, New North and 
 s^ath Wales, &c. Bounded on 
 "le N. by frozen feas and parts 
 unknown. £. Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 |S.C;nuda.W. parts unexplored. 
 No precife divisions have vet 
 
 fen made in the country forming 
 i^iis great portion of North Ame- 
 
 "^a; but it confifts. indefinitely- 
 
 '^«'v IJntain a„d New South 
 
 lU-son tK. s. New Denmark, 
 
 KT' ^"'^' on the W. and 
 J kn.wn araic parts on the 
 
 dS^""/^'^ K. lie New or 
 
 EJ;" Greenland, belonging to 
 
 "IWk.andpartoftheAtlan. 
 
 "; Ocr-an : tne whole inclofing 
 
 _^ • I'ays railed Hudfon's 
 
 Kai;;.'s, with the adj.iccnt 
 
 ;s. 'i^.nds, &c. <^c. On the 
 
 " ^^-dcring on Hudfon's-B,r 
 
 ' company {b called (confiftinR 
 
 ;l>"ut 10 perfcis) h.vefevej 
 
 «^'"df«,al|fettl/me„t.for Tne 
 
 pKeof defendineand .-.rr.,;,.^ 
 
 p'w tur and pehryuade with 
 
 NEW 
 
 the Indian,, and their fiftcry; the 
 
 tl til, Neifon, Albany, and Moofe. 
 I he forts on New Severn and Ru 
 pert rivers are dtttroyrd. The 
 boundary of the Hudfon's-Bav 
 country runs from a certain pro! 
 mon^ory on the Atlantic Oceania 
 
 if a S- ^^^' 5- ^ 'o 'he lakes 
 Mia?fnn andAbitibis, then S W 
 
 tolat.49»N. and thence due' w! 
 lndehnlte^y. * 
 
 The principal rivers are Sf 
 John s, Elkimaux, Mo„fe, Alba-' 
 ny. New Severn, St. Therefas or 
 Hayes, Nelfon, and Churchill. 
 
 Among others are the following 
 
 rapes: Chudley. Churchill, Dobbs! 
 Hope, and Elizabeth's; with the 
 great bay of Elkimaux, Hud. 
 fon s (including -^les's But! 
 
 tons P.flcl, Wager. R„pcr,'s or 
 Repulfe, the whole length about 
 530 leagues, breadth from ,c to 
 
 bay (in the me of Good For- 
 tune); and the ftraits of Belle. 
 Ille, Hudfon's (between Labra! 
 dor and the me of Good For- 
 tune), Sir Thomas Roe's Wcl 
 come, Davis's (between Tames'* 
 (Hand and Weft^Greenland), 8af! 
 hn's, and Cumberland. 
 
 The fummer begins not till 
 July, andends in September 
 and, as fprmgand autumn may be 
 fa^d not t be known here, the reft 
 oflhe year is winter, which reijrns 
 with uncontroulcd rigour —The 
 
 foihWky. prod-icinglitiiemorc 
 tlian fpruce and pine-trees. 
 
 The animals are moofe and 
 
 rem-deer, bears, wolves, fox-s 
 
 porcupines.mountain-cati.lviives* 
 martins, bcuveri, otters, hares* 
 ermines, eagles, hawKs, horn! 
 o Ads, fqu.rreis ; all kinds of wild 
 
 for.l, geefc, ducks, buftards, and 
 partridges. fn winter all th« 
 birds, bearts, &c. of thcfe cou„! 
 tries become white as the fnow 
 
 which then every where furround. 
 them '.^and, on the return of /iini« 
 ~rr, r,-y rcCumc ihc differ^rut co- 
 lours common ro them ia yiUcr 
 
NEW 
 
 parts of the world : nay, what 
 may be tliought more artonifhing, 
 the dogs and cati carried to Hud- 
 fon's-Bay from England experi- 
 ence the fame changes, and their 
 hair becomes much longer, foficr, 
 and thicker. In the feag are 
 whales, fcals, morfcs, cod-filh, 
 and a white fifi> preferable to a 
 herring ; in the rivers, falmon, 
 pike, carp, trout, &c. 
 
 Newbury, a fmall town of 
 Eflcx, the northern county of 
 Maflachufsts-Bay, pleafantly li- 
 tuated at the mouth of the river 
 Merrimack, where abundance of 
 Jlurgeons are caught and pickled. 
 The fociety for propagating the 
 Gofpel have a miflionary here. 
 It hes 34 miles N. of Bolton. 
 
 New Cambrxdce, a town in 
 Hartford county, Conncdicut, on 
 a branch of Conneaicut river, 15 
 miles S. W. of Hertford, and the 
 fame diftancc N. W. of Middlc- 
 irown. 
 
 Newcastle, a county and 
 town on the rivei- Delawar, in 
 penfylvania, 30 miles S. W. of 
 J'hiladelphia. It contains between 
 five a.id fix hundred houfes, well 
 huiU, and filled with inhabitants, 
 being the fecond place for trade in 
 the province ; and is 5 miles S. 
 of Wilmington. 
 
 Newcastle, a town and a 
 caitle of the fame name, in Vir- 
 ginia, on the S. W. of Pamunky 
 river, 15 miles S. W. of Walker- 
 ton, and 50 N. W.of York. 
 
 New ENGLANp.^iVf Eng- 
 land, Sciu. 
 
 Newko UNO LAND, a large 
 
 iflaud, difcovered by John Cabot, 
 in the year 1494. and Qill in the 
 pollcflion of the Englilh. 
 
 It is of a triangular form,aboiit 
 tlie bignels of Ireland, and 930 
 niiks in circuit. On the N. it is 
 fcpuratcd from Terra de Lalwa- 
 dor, or New "Britain, by the 
 Itraits of Bclk - Uk ; 00 the W. 
 it is wafhed by the GulpL of St. 
 I.awrcncc ; and on the S. and H. 
 bv the Ailaniic Ocean. Cd^e 
 Rai.-, the moft f>;utlivi ly poiut of 
 
 NEW 
 
 the ifland, lies in the lat. 46, 45. 
 the moft northern point in 51, 30. 
 and Cape Rayc, its weflcrmoit 
 point, in 47, 35. 
 
 The ifland is full of hills and 
 mountains covered with pines, fo 
 that the country can be travcrfed 
 only in thofc parts where the in- 
 habitants have cut roads through 
 the woods. The trees of this fpc 
 cics of pine fcldom exceed 18 or 
 »o feet in height, except thofe 
 growing in the valleys, where 
 they are (hcltered from the pier. 
 cing winds, which often are 40 
 feet high. The cold during the 
 winter is exceflive here ; and the 
 frofts, which are remarkably le- 
 
 vcrc, fet in about the middle of 
 November, and foon after the 
 harbours and bays arc entirely 
 fro7.cn. 
 
 The whole circuit of the iflanj 
 
 is full of fpacious bays and har- 
 
 bours, well flieltercd by thcmoun- 
 
 t '.IS, except tlieir entrance; fo 
 
 that vcflcis lie in perfeft Security. 
 
 Some of thcfe harbours are a 
 
 league and a half or two leagues 
 
 in length, and near half a 
 
 league in breadth j having feveral 
 
 rivers and brooks of excellent 
 
 water falling into them from the 
 
 adjacent mountains. They are 
 
 alio very near each oher, being 
 
 only feparated by a point of lanJ 
 
 fcldom above two Iccijiues i 
 
 breadth ; fo thi t the whok cojI1| 
 
 of the ifland is 1 fuccclTjon oflut 
 
 bours. But it muft not be inu 
 
 gined that there arc towns orvil 
 
 lages at every harbour ; thcleari 
 
 only to be found on the largeram 
 
 O'.ore commodious bays, whereth 
 
 nature and difpolitionof the foun 
 
 try are moll convcnicijt for a ki 
 
 tlemcnt, ihc inhabiiaiits Uiu; 
 
 tew in number, confideriiig il| 
 
 great extent of the coa/t. Ceo 
 
 fifiiing is the only bufinefs. folloi* 
 
 here ; and ths inhabitants, 1)(' 
 
 fides their dwellings, have laq 
 
 ftore-houfes for preparing and la|^ 
 
 ■ « y;/i .•11...1 ,1 «v|» aft 
 
 rives for fending it into Europe of 
 their own accouiJt, or baruriog' 
 
 continent ; bi 
 
^T E W 
 
 for European poods, with the 
 ftiipj tint frequent the Ulind for 
 ibat parpofe. Noiiu- of thefe vil- 
 
 igej are wichout a fOrt or hattery 
 for their fecwrity In time of war ; 
 it being common for fmall prlva- 
 wrs to vifit themt 
 
 Newfoundland was formerly 
 peopled by a race of favage [ndi- 
 ins, who have fince retired to the 
 continent ; but fometimet pay a 
 vifit to their ancient ahoJss. 
 Thefe Indians generally live hy 
 filliing and bunting, and both 
 Newfoundland and Cape Breton 
 abound with budards and wild 
 fccfe. Here arc alfo foxes, bears, 
 beavers, and other quadrupeds 
 found in Canada, though not in 
 any great plenty ; the continual 
 fciicli a!t!.'r them, for the f»ke of 
 tlicir furs, having greatly leHened 
 llicir number. 
 
 Notwitfift;ind!ng the fcverlty of 
 ihe climate, tlic inhabitants are 
 notdeftitute of horned cattle, tho' 
 iheyfind it difficult to procure food 
 for them during the feverity of 
 the winter. The inhabitants have 
 alfo their fmall kitchen -gardens 
 for fummcr- herbs ; but all the 
 other fpecies of provifions, as 
 fiour, fait, meat, &c. are brought 
 from other colonies to the foufh- 
 ward; goods of other kinds are 
 brought from England. 
 
 Though all the coafts (S New- 
 foundland may be faid to aboard 
 *ith cod, yet in ^omc parts it is 
 found in greater plenty than in 
 others. This is owing to the qvta- 
 j'(y of the bottom; for where it 
 is famiy tiie fifh are far more nu- 
 mero'is than where it is rocky ; 
 but if the bottom be muddy, hfli 
 are very icarce. The depth of 
 wjter /hould be alfo confidered ; 
 for though cod be found at all 
 depths, yet they are not taken in 
 fjch plenty ai* between 30 and 40 
 faihom. 
 
 When a fhip has taken her f>a- 
 '•on, fhc is immediately unrigged ; 
 2nd at the fame time a proper 
 place cholcn for /tcurinc? ths fi{h. 
 »s it is prepared j, huts are likcwife 
 
 NEW 
 
 run up for the men who work 
 afhore, fo as to form a kind of 
 village ; and at the water's edge a 
 large ftagc or fcarfbid is credledt 
 Here the nnmber of fliallops de- 
 flincd for the filhery is got ready, 
 and, when fhc feafon is over, left 
 thtre till the next year ; when ho 
 vim firfV enters the bay has the 
 privilege V applying them to his 
 ownuCe. hvcry thing being ready, 
 the whole (hip's company, officers 
 included, without any exception, 
 ate divided into as many claflcs as 
 there are difTercnt occupations i 
 fome fifh, fomc cut off the heads, 
 fome gut the filh, and others have 
 the care of falling and laying them 
 up. The fifliers go out early in 
 their boats, that they may be at 
 their ftation by break of day, and 
 do not return 'till the evening, 
 unlcfs they happen to have loaded 
 their boat before. This fifhery is 
 wholly carried on with a hook; 
 and every boat is provided with a 
 fuffic lent quantity of fifhing-tacklc, 
 in cafe of any accident in break, 
 mg their lines, or lofing thefr 
 hooks. On their retorn, the fifh 
 Is delivered to thofc who open 
 them ; and that this may be done 
 with the greater difpatch, a boy 
 ftandi by to hand the filh to them, 
 and take them away when finifhed. 
 This work is done in a vtry rtie- 
 thodical manner ; for he that be- 
 heads them docs nothing elfe. 
 They arc opened with one cut 
 lengthways, the back-bone and 
 all their entrails taken out, and 
 the offals thrown into the water. 
 While fome oper» the fifh, others 
 are employed in falting, and others 
 in laying them in heaps. The 
 next day, or when the fait appears 
 Aifficicntly to have penetrated the 
 fifh, they wafh them, to take ofT 
 the fcum extrafted by the fait ; 
 afterwards, that the water may 
 drain off, they are piled up on 
 little boards ; then they are 
 flretched out, one by one, with 
 the fkin upwards, for drying, and 
 
 tttrryaA »U >— a- <°»..- ,:_.« tirl 
 
 thoroughly dry they aix piled up 
 O 2 
 
neceHarily cm* 
 following day, 
 of the fhallops 
 to renew their 
 
 NEW 
 
 in {tnuM parcels, that they may 
 not entirely lofe the heat commu- 
 nicated to them by the firA fait ; 
 and now, being failed a fiecond 
 time, they are piled up in regular 
 heaps on the flagc, wh«re they re- 
 niain till the time of i^ipping 
 them. As the boats go conflantly 
 every day, the work of the feve- 
 ral cla/les may be imagined pretty 
 hard and fatiguing. On the re- 
 Tcturn of the boats they immedi- 
 ately begin with opening and fak- 
 ing the fifh, which takes up the 
 greater part of the night ; and the 
 fnccccding parts of ihe cutting 
 above-mentioned "" 
 
 ploys them the 
 when the return 
 calls ujpon them 
 taAc ; lo that they have very few 
 hours left forllccp and refreflimcnt. 
 
 What ?s called the Great Bank of 
 Newfoundland is, properly fpeak- 
 ing, a vail mountain under water, 
 •bout 530 miles in length, and 270 
 in breadth. The depth of the 
 water is very unequal, from 15 to 
 60 fathoms. The bottom is co- 
 Tfred with a vaft <^uantity of 
 Ihells, and frequented by vafl 
 ihoais of fmall fift, mod of which 
 fcrve as food to the cod, which are 
 here in amazing plenty ; for tho* 
 2 or 300 vefli-ls have been annually 
 loaded with them, during the lalt 
 and piefent centuries, yet the 
 prodigious conAimption has not 
 yet IcHened their plenty. And 
 we cannot help obfcrvisig, that this 
 fiihery is a mine of greater value 
 than any of thofc in Mexico or 
 Peru. 
 
 New Fairfikld, a toi*n in 
 Fairfield county, ConnedHcut, on a 
 branch of S'ratford river, 14 
 miles N. cf Danbury, 6 miles W. 
 of New Milford, and 12 S. W. 
 of Kent, and within 2 mile^ofihe 
 equivalent lands granted New- 
 York. 
 
 Niw GoTTiNGEN, a f own on 
 the river Savanncth^ in the county 
 of Savannah, 35 miles N. W. of 
 £.i;ct<czur, iik mc prvViBCC of 
 Georgia. 
 
 NEW 
 
 New Granada.— See Grt. 
 Had Of New. 
 
 New Hamfshime, adiftin^ 
 province of MafTachufets - Bay, 
 New England. It is immediately 
 dependant on the Crown, whicn 
 appoints the Governor, Deputy- 
 governor. Council, andMawiflratts, 
 It extends S. from Mariachufcts 
 to the limits of Quebec N. as 
 fettled by proclamation in 1774, 
 and on the E. are the three an- 
 nexed counties of Maflachiifets, 
 of which Main or York is one, 
 and Lincoln the moll eaftcrnly, 
 from which it is divided by the 
 county of Cumberland. New 
 HampHiire is not divided into 
 counties, but has the following 
 townftiips : 
 
 I KingftcJa 
 a Windham 
 
 3 Pelham 
 
 4 Nottingham 
 
 5 Dunftable 
 
 6 Holli^ 
 
 7 Mafon 
 
 8 New Ipfwick 
 
 9 Rindge 
 
 10 Richmond 
 
 11 Hcnfddle 
 
 12 Swaiilby 
 
 13 Linlborough 
 l<i;<. Wilton 
 
 15 Amherft 
 
 16 Meriimack, 
 
 17 Bedford 
 
 18 Dc;ryfield 
 
 19 Poplin 
 
 ao Keniingtor. 
 
 21 Rye 
 
 22 Dnrh;m 
 
 23 Dover 
 
 24 Canain 
 
 25 Eplom 
 
 26 Alknton 
 
 27 Goflstown 
 
 28 Bow 
 
 29 Wears 
 
 30 New Bofion 
 
 31 Frances Towa 
 
 32 Dearing 
 
 33 Lin-.brick 
 
 34 Pafckersfiel^ 
 
 35 ^>''^'~'!^ 
 
 36 Giifome 
 

 NEW 
 
 37 Wcftmoreiand 
 3S Alftead 
 
 39 Mdrlow 
 
 40 Hillfborough 
 
 41 Bradford 
 4a FKherfield 
 
 43 Almfbiiiy 
 
 44 Hennaker 
 
 45 Hopkintown 
 
 46 Concord 
 
 47 Barrington 
 
 48 Rochelter 
 
 49 New Duihani 
 
 50 Gilmnntown 
 
 51 Sambcrtovvii 
 5» Canterbury 
 
 53 London 
 
 54 Bofcawen, or Canfoocock 
 
 55 Perry 
 
 56 Alexandria 
 
 57 Salilbnry 
 
 58 New Britain 
 
 59 New Cheftcr 
 
 60 Plymouth 
 
 61 MonfoiiboraugFi 
 
 62 Cockermouth 
 
 63 Grafton 
 6| Claremont 
 ^5 I'Jainfield 
 6a Lebanon 
 
 67 Hanover 
 
 68 DorcheOet 
 
 69 Rumney 
 
 70 Camp-on 
 7» Sandwich 
 
 72 Tamwoith 
 
 73 Eaton 
 
 74 Thornton 
 
 75 Farfield 
 
 76 Pierrepont 
 
 77 Haver^iU 
 7S Landaf 
 
 79 Warren 
 
 80 L^man 
 
 81 Lloyd H ilh 
 8a Chifwick 
 
 83 Whitcfield 
 
 84 Bre'ton Wood* 
 
 85 Daitmouch 
 
 86 Lancafter 
 
 87 Northumberland 
 
 88 New Stratford 
 
 89 CockbtirntowiT 
 $0 Colebroketown 
 
 91 Stuart Town 
 
 92 Miib^i4 
 
 NEW 
 
 93 Krrol 
 
 94 Dumnner 
 
 95 Cambridge 
 
 96 Piiulfbourg 
 
 97 Mainlbourg 
 
 98 Succefs 
 
 99 Durand 
 100 Shclburne. 
 
 Thi» province fuppHed the roysJ 
 navy with marts, yards, &c. The 
 inhabitants are ertimated 150,000$ 
 and their cliief cxpjrti arc martf, 
 fpars, (hips about 200 annnally, 
 cattle, fifh. Sec. 
 
 NcwHANOVER.a maritime 
 county in the di^ri£tof Wilming- 
 ton, whofc coifts are lined with 
 iflandi and inlets, and its princi- 
 pal town is Exettr. 
 
 New Havin, a town and 
 county in the provinceof Connec- 
 ticut, fitiiated at the bottom of » 
 bay in the ftrait that feparate» 
 Long-Ifland from the continent* 
 The town is the capital of the 
 county, and in a very flourifliing 
 cr>ndition, with a well-furnifljed 
 college for academical learning, 
 called Ynre-' ^11, fitmted 6 milpa 
 N. K. of ''j.ilford. Lat. 41, i8« 
 
 ioDjr. 72, 42. 
 
 Ne vv-Je hkey. 
 Isfew. 
 
 New London, 
 Connefticut, bounded on the E» 
 by Providence and Rhode-Ifland, 
 on the 8. by Long-lfland Sound, 
 fcn the W. by Newhaven county, 
 and on the N. by Hertford. 
 
 Ntw London, the chi«f town 
 of the foregoing county, on the 
 W. of Thames - river, lo xnile» 
 K. from Seabrook, and 3 W. from 
 Groton, 
 
 Ni w Marlborough, a town 
 in King George's county, Virgi- 
 nia, oa the W. fide of Patovv- 
 mack-rivcr, 10 miles E. of Fai- 
 mouth, and az S, of Dumfries. 
 
 New MitK0Ri>, a town in 
 Litchfield county, Conne£\in«, 
 near the river Stratforti, 7 miles 
 S. W. from Woodbury, 6 E. fro» 
 Fairfitr)'!^, and 9 S. of Kent. 
 
 New North-Wai.£&. Stt 
 fFales. 
 
 03 
 
 See Jerfcy, 
 
 a county in 
 
N I A 
 
 KiwOrlsams. SccOrltatJ, 
 JNev, 
 
 Newport, t^e chief town 
 of Khodc-Illand, fituated on ihc 
 S. W. putt of it. huving a fate 
 com rr odious harbour, defended by 
 a regular fort at the eirtrancc, on 
 ik^hich are planted 300 pieces of 
 ran no o. 
 
 , Jt has a very good trade, and 
 fome few years apo had above 70 
 £ail of fhips and vcflels I lunging 
 to it ; it hat alfo in tin e of war 
 a court of Admirnlty. It lies 60 
 miles S. of Bollcn. Lat, 41, 30. 
 long. 71, iz. 
 
 Niw Scotland. Sec ATs- 
 va-- Scotia. 
 
 Nkw SivxRN, See Sevtr/if 
 fte-ai. 
 
 N«w South Wales. See 
 WaUi. 
 
 New Savamn AH, a little flou- 
 ri(bii)g town, in the diflrift of 
 J^uguOa, in the province of Geor- 
 Hia, 13 miles b. E. of AuguUa 
 Town, on the river Savannah. 
 
 Newton, a fmail town of 
 Chefler county, PenfjJvanii. It 
 confids of between 30 and 40 
 lioufcs, and lies 21 miks S. of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 NEWTowI^f, a town in Rocks 
 -county, Penfyivania, 5 miles S, 
 of Wrighirtown, 10 W. of Tren- 
 ton, in New-Jcrfcy, and 11 N. 
 of BriOol. 
 
 Newtown, « town in Fair- 
 field county, ConncOicvt, near 
 ihc Stratford - river, 7 miles E. 
 cf Danbnry, and 16 N. of Strat- 
 ford. 
 
 New Windsor, a town in 
 New-York, in the county of O- 
 rangc, on the W. bank of Hiid- 
 •fon's-rivcr, 35 miles N. of O- 
 
 ta»ge. 
 
 NewYohk. See York, New. 
 
 Niagara, a fort buik by the 
 French on a river of the fame 
 ■aaie, at its influ>i into the lake 
 0»tario. 
 
 Niagara, Fall of, a fa- 
 vous cataraA in the river of the 
 
 ioac smu.^. 
 
 avvtui ssrsis-TT"] 
 
 N f C 
 
 tvvTen the lakes Erie- and Ontarie, 
 Thi» is liippokd tu-hetite i^i«t,»tril 
 cat.i rtd in tlio knoun wo i, the 
 water tumbling down a picciptce 
 near «40 feet higlt. ihc tivcr at 
 the lull is near half a lc.igi>« ui 
 bieadtii, and the water runs witli 
 /urh rapidity aquarti t a Uayue 
 above it, that all LcuLcs attcoipt- 
 ing to crofs it arc Iv. '-pt away 
 by the Hrcam, lumbld down ttie 
 precipice, and pcriH). Above the 
 fall, ill the middle of the river, is 
 an ifland, which divides the wa- 
 ter into two flreams, and in that 
 manner it tumbles down the ThII. 
 When the «ater has reached the 
 bottom of ihc fall, it }uinps back 
 to a grc.i height in the. air, »nd in 
 other places is as white as fnow, 
 and all in motion like a boiling 
 cauldron. Abundanre of vapours 
 I'kewifc .irifc, rcpiefcnting a thick 
 fmokc, and on thefe, when the 
 Am fhincs briglit, is painted a 
 beautiful rainbow, 
 
 Nicaragua, a province of 
 New-Spain, bounded on the W. 
 by Guatitrala Proper, and the 
 Soaih-Sea ; on the Nr and £. by 
 Honduras and the North-Sea ; anil 
 on the S. by Colla Rica; and the 
 South-Sea, The winter in this 
 province is rainy and tempeflu* 
 ous ; the futniMer exceflive hot, 
 but healthy. It is reckoned the 
 moft woody part of New-Spain. 
 It produces good flax and hemp, 
 together with she wood uM by 
 the dyers in Europe, called Nica« 
 ragua wood ; but little wheat. It 
 abounds with black cattle and 
 hogs, but flieep are fcarce. Balm, 
 cotton, fugar, American pepper, 
 liquid amber, and turpentine, art 
 here produced in very great plen- 
 ty ; with which, and the produce 
 of their filver mines, the inhabi- 
 tants carry on a confiderable trade 
 with Panama and Nombre de 
 Dios. It abounds in tarkeys, and 
 parrots are fo numerous tMy are 
 become a nuifauce j and the coun- 
 try itfelf vs {<) pleafant, as well as 
 
 frnltf"! »Kii» '\t it fnnfiA^tfd H 
 
 1 
 
 the garden o 
 and fands o 
 with gold, 
 wuods are pel 
 the Spaniard 
 called it Mali 
 
 NiCKK R, 
 
 Virgin - Ulan 
 Anegad< an 
 the latter of 
 dant. Long 
 
 NiCARAC 
 
 col legion of 
 of the fame 1 
 circumfcrenci 
 flows and cl>4 
 terfperfed wii 
 full of fifli, I 
 codilcs. TY 
 only afe%'. ' i 
 
 Sea, a;>d it f 
 Sfd/i the po 
 pre/ty broad 
 NioaragUd. 
 
 mcoY A, 
 ou the rii^^T 
 flux into th( 
 frontiers of 1 
 habitants fem 
 nama lalt, h 
 fowls, and tl 
 fliclUfirti four 
 linas, about 
 town. The 
 a pearl -fifher 
 long. 85, 30. 
 
 NiN ITY 
 
 South-Carolii 
 tern divifion c 
 boundary is tl 
 Orangcburgh 
 N, and the C 
 
 NlNETY- 
 
 town of the a 
 
 NOMANS 
 
 miles broad, 
 S. of iVIarthi 
 England. 
 
 NoMBRE 
 
 populous tow: 
 
 of the Tropic 
 
 N. of Guadali 
 
 General who 
 
 granted the 1 
 iK- r.i ;_' 
 
N O M 
 
 the garden of America ; the hills 
 and faiicis of tke rivert abound 
 with gold, and the fields and 
 woods are perfumeds A> that when 
 the Spani?rd« firft vifited it, they 
 called it Mahomet's Paradife. 
 
 NicKKR, one ot the fmall 
 Virgin - Ilbnds, fituatcd between 
 Ancpad.« and Virgin Gorda, on 
 the latter of whom it is depen- 
 dant. Long. 65, 5. lat. 18, 3c. 
 
 Nicaragua Lakk, a large 
 colleftion of water in the pro\ ints 
 of the fame name, 117 leagues in 
 circumference. The water in it 
 flows and cl»bs like the fca, is in- 
 tcrfperfcd with feveral iflands, and 
 full of fifli, but infefted with cro- 
 codiles. The weft cr,d of it is 
 only a few " igucs froir the South- 
 Sea, a;Kl It ulls into the North- 
 Sea /Ti the port of St. Juan, by a 
 pre/ty broad channel, called alio 
 NiiaragUd. 
 
 mcovA, a pretty large to \mi 
 ou the rii^eT Cipantb, near its in- 
 flux into the South-Sea^ on the 
 frontiers of Nicaragua. The in- 
 habitants fend from hence to Pa- 
 nama lult, honey, maiic, wheat, 
 fowls, and the purple juice of a 
 IhclUfirti found in the bay of Sa- 
 linas, about jo miles E. of the 
 town. The Spaniards have alfb 
 a pearl -fifhery here. Lat 9j 50. 
 long. 85, JO. 
 
 NiNiTY-Six District; 
 South-Carolina, includes the wcf- 
 tern divifion of that colony, whofe 
 boundary is the Savannuh-river S. 
 Orangcburgh diftria E. Camden 
 N, and the Cherokces W. 
 
 Ninety-Six, the principal 
 town of the above dirtri^t, 
 
 NoMANs Isle, an ifland 2 
 miles broad, and j long, j miles 
 S. of iVIartha's Vineyard, New- 
 England. 
 
 NoMBRB oz Dios, a large 
 populous town, a little to the N, 
 of the Tropic of Cancer, 60 miles 
 N, of Guadalaxara. The Spanilh 
 General who fub4ued it having 
 granted the proretty of (bme of 
 u<«> iuyjii niiiic» lu SBC uativcs, 11 
 
 NOR 
 
 4rew fo many people hither, that 
 it Coon became the mod ^ p wi pw s 
 town in the province, l^at^aj, a|« 
 long. 104. 
 
 There was formerly •aokher 
 place called Nombre de Dioi. fi. 
 tuited on the ifthmus of Daricn, 
 but deftroyed in its infancy by th« 
 Indians of Darien. Some years 
 after, however, it was rebuilt, and 
 the inhabitajits maintained their 
 ground 'till the year i ^84, when 
 orders arrived from Philip 11. for 
 their remoTing to Porto Bello, it 
 much better fitnated for the cotn* 
 merce of that country. 
 
 NoMBRC DE Dios Ra \, a bay 
 in the ilHnnus of Darien, at the 
 bottom of which the town af 
 Nombre dc Dies ftoo<}, and in 
 which arc the iflands called Bafti- 
 mentos. See BujUmentoi, 
 
 NooDtE Island, a fmall Ifland 
 in Uotton- Harbour, Maflachufets- 
 Say. 
 
 Nouror.r, 1 maritime town, 
 in I'rinctfs-.^nn county, Virginia, 
 on the S. hank of Janics- river, 
 and was burnt by the Liverpool 
 man of war, ]vtn. 1, 1776, to the 
 amount of ^oo.cooi. fttrling da- 
 matjes, The rents of the houfes 
 aftd warehoudrsdeflroyed amount- 
 ed, in 1773, ro 8cool. In J774 to 
 9313, In 1775 'o near lo.ocol. in 
 fo flounfhing a condition was its 
 trade, 
 
 Northampton, a county and 
 town in Penlylvania. The coun- 
 ty is bounded E. by Jerfcy, S.W. 
 by Berkshire, and- S. by Bucks. 
 The town is 5 miles W. of Beth- 
 leham, and 30 E. of Reading. 
 
 Northampton, an inland 
 town in Hamplhire county, Maf- 
 fachufeis Bay, about 2 miles VV. 
 of CoTine^lcut-River, and t S.V/. 
 of Hatfield. 
 
 NoRTHAMrTON CoWNTY, 10 
 
 the diftrift of Halifax, North-Ca- 
 rolina, whofe N. E. boundary is 
 Chawen-river, and its S. W. the 
 Roanoke-river. 
 NoRTHriELD,atown in Hamp. 
 Uiii€ couuty, MitiLcliuicts-£ay^ 
 
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 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. 14580 
 
 (716) 873-4503 
 
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 ^ 
 
NOV 
 
 9n the E. fide of Conn':rticnt-ri- 
 Ve^, and hear the boundary line 
 6f Htv/ Hampihire, where the new 
 IfniXed townfhips commenced, ' 
 
 North -River, a river Of 
 Old Mexico, which, after running 
 a long tfourfc through the king- 
 dom of the r»me name, falls into 
 the Gulph of Mekico. 
 
 Norton, in inland towi, m 
 New Wcfl-Jerfey, on a branch of 
 the E. branch cf the Delawar, 
 iio miles £. of Philipiburgh. 
 
 NoRWALK^ a town, river, 
 and bay, on the coaft of Fairfield, 
 ConneAicut, off which, in the 
 ^ong-Ifland found, are fomc fmall 
 iflands of the fame name. 
 
 Norwich, a town in New 
 London county, Conne^iciit, on 
 a branch of the Thames, near the 
 Falls, 15 miles N. of New- Lon- 
 don, and i t S. of Canterbury. 
 
 Nottingham, a (own in the 
 cafterii divifion of Maryland, 6 
 miles N. of Charles and Chefa- 
 ^eak-Bay. 
 
 Nova -Scotia, a province 
 tailed by the French Acadie. It 
 is bounded on the N. by part of 
 Canada; E. Gulf of St, Laurence 
 and Atlantic-Ocean; S. Atlantic- 
 Ocean; Wo New-England. Lati- 
 tude between 43 and 49. longi- 
 tude between 60, and 67. Length 
 350 miles, breadth z$o. Though 
 in a very favourable part of the 
 temperate zone, it has a winter of 
 an almoft infupportsLlvS length 
 and ccldncfs, continuing at leaft 
 ■7 months in the year : to this 
 immediately fuccerds, without the 
 intervention of any thing that 
 jT.ay be called fpring, a fummer, 
 when the heat is as violent a the 
 cold was in the winter months ; 
 the heat indeed is of no long con- 
 tinuance, the country being wrapt 
 in the gloom of a perpetual fog, 
 long after the fummer feafon has 
 commenced. The foil in moft 
 parts is thin and barren, die corn 
 it produces of a /hrivelled kind 
 Irke tye, and the grafs intermixed 
 with a cold fpongy mofs. It is 
 »otf indeed^ uniformly h»df there 
 
 - NOV 
 
 being trafls in Nova-Scotia not 
 Inferior to the beft land in Ntw- 
 England. 
 
 But however nnpromifing this 
 country may be, fome of the firft 
 Europeans, ncglcfting all the de- 
 liohtful trafts to the fouthward, 
 here formed their fettloments. The 
 French feated themfelves here be- 
 fore they made any eftablKhment 
 in Canada, and increafed largely 
 wuh very Httlr aflillance from 
 Europe ; whereas the colony we 
 hav2 lately planted there, not- 
 withflanding the immenfe fums 
 expended in its eltabli/hment, 
 would, in all probability, link into 
 nothing, if the fupport of the 
 royal hand WHf' withdrawn. 
 
 The country round Halifax has 
 a flouri/hing appearance, and re- 
 wards the labours of the fettiers. 
 Among other particulars it has 
 the following Capes: Sable, St. 
 Mary, Roficrs, Sambro, &c.— 
 Numerous fmall lakes without 
 names. — Bays (including Fuiuiy, 
 Chenifto, and Green) : Gafpce, 
 Chalcur, Chenibuflo, Vcrte, Che- 
 budo, 8cc.-^Rivers : Rifgouche^ 
 Ntpifiguit, St. John, and St. Croix, 
 (feparating this 'province from 
 New-England).— In Halifax har- 
 bour (in Chcbufto-bay), which is 
 capable of containing 1000 veflels 
 in fecurity. — The harbour of An- 
 rapolis-Royal, but for its very 
 dimcult entrance, would be one 
 of the fineft in the world. 
 
 A very confiderable expence at- 
 tended this fettlemenl, to accom- 
 pli/h which the Britifh Parlia- 
 liament granted^ within the firiV 
 7 years, for its fupport, no kfs a 
 fum than 4! 5,4841. 14s. iid. |, 
 and in April, 1775, 4346h Jos. 5d. 
 more was granted. The Britilh 
 exports to Nova -Scotia confifts 
 chiefly of fifhing -tackle, rigging 
 for fhips, woollen and linen dotl.v 
 to the value of about 26,500!. an- 
 nually ; the imports in return are 
 timber, and the produce of the 
 fifhery, to the amoHOt Of AbOM 
 3S,oooU 
 
O N S 
 
 NoxAN, a town in Newcaftle 
 county, Delawar, Penfylvania, 
 11 miles N. of Dover, and a S. 
 •f St. George's. . * * 
 
 ORG 
 
 ONstow, t maritime counfr. 
 
 OHIO or HoHio, « famoas 
 river, rifing in the moun- 
 tains on the back of New- York, 
 Maryland, and Virginia, and after 
 • long courfe falling into the Mif- 
 niippi. It is the boundary of Quc- 
 kccgovernmcat. Itsmouthis 1164 
 miles from Fort Pitt, and near the 
 entrance of the Cherokec-rivei ; 
 It is between 700 and 800 yards 
 wide. The Mufkingdm - rivfir. 
 which riini into the Ohio, in lat. 
 39. 10, is 250 yards wide. The 
 Ohio, from 50 miles above this 
 mer to Sioto, is moft beautiful- 
 ly interfpcrfed with tlumbers of 
 •Hands, and in fomc places is 700 
 yards wide. The name is formed 
 irom an Indian word, fignifying 
 fMTor pleafant, and hence it is 
 often called the Fair River. It 
 runs through the moft beautiful 
 and fertile countries in the world: 
 and receives >o oria rivers, bc- 
 liJes an innumerable number of 
 nviilets, and is navigable above 
 000 mile5. 
 
 Omasuos, a jurifdiaion in the 
 dioccfe of La Paz. It begins a!- 
 moft at the gates of La Paz, ar>d 
 extends 20 leagues, being bounded 
 0.1 the W. by the famous lake of 
 T'" 9"-. The air of this j„. 
 rjfdiaion IS fomewhat cold fo 
 that It produces little gruin ; but 
 that deficiency is abundantly com- 
 pcnfaied by the great numbers of 
 cattle fed in its paQures ; befidcs 
 a very advantageous trade carried 
 on in another jurifdirtion by the 
 Indians living on the borders of 
 the lake, who are remarkably ia- 
 dulhions in improving that ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Omov\, a /ball foitified town. 
 upon the coad of Honduras, in 
 policflion of the Spaniards. The 
 ..'ft ^"^? ^««»cnt for ih« lar- 
 
 m the diftna of Newbern, North. 
 Carolina, whofc weftern bounda- 
 ry IS New-rivcr. 
 
 Ontakio, Lake, a large col- 
 lection of freft waters, above tyo 
 miles in length from £. to W^. 
 and 65 in breadth from N. to S. 
 The fortrefs of Ofwego (tands oa 
 the fouthcrn ftorc of this lake. 
 It has a fmall rifing and falling of 
 the water, like tides, i» or 18 
 inches perpendicular. The fnow 
 IS deeper on the S. fide of this 
 lake than any other, and its wa- 
 ter does not freeze in the fevcreft 
 winter out of fight of land. 
 
 ^RAWGE, a county and town, 
 in New- York, on the W. hank 
 of the Hudfon-river, 25 miles N< 
 of New-York. 
 
 Orange, an inland county, in 
 the diftria of Hillfborough, N. 
 Carolina, in which Hill/borough, 
 the county town, is fitoated. 
 ^ Orangeeurgh District 
 includes all the places betweea 
 Savannah, Santce, Congarce, and 
 I'Oid'rWers, and a line from 
 NeUon s-ferry to Matthew's bluff 
 on Savannah-river, to the mouth* 
 of Rocky-creek, on Saluda-river, 
 and thence in the fimc coqrfc to 
 Broad-river, 
 
 Orangeburch, a cninty in 
 the above diflria, wherein ftandi 
 the town of Orangehurgh, on a 
 branch of the Eddifto-river. It 
 has a court-houfe. and furniflies 
 one of the regiments of thd 
 militia. 
 
 Orchilla, an ifland on the 
 coaft of Venezuela, in the North 
 Sea, lying between the iflands of 
 rortuga and Roca. It is divided 
 into feveral fmall iflands, the 
 greatea of which, being afmoft 
 all low land, is in the form of 
 a crcfcent, or half-moon. Thef 
 are all fcparated from each other 
 by very Jhallow canals. On the 
 E. and W. capes are fome hills, 
 and on thcfc the goats chiefly 
 feed. On the S. W. fide of th« 
 iikmd the water is very deep, an4 
 
O X F 
 
 ihf (bore perpendicular like i 
 Ivtii, for wnicn reafon (hipi may 
 cdrtie very near It. The N. W. 
 fiile hai hardly any tree* or graft ; 
 bm en die E. an^i N. fulcs picney 
 of both. Tho foil, from iti flat- 
 A«(k, U fait, and confequently 
 froducM few plants. There Is 
 very little frc/h water on the 
 itland,and the only anlmali founA 
 (here arc guati and lizardi. Lat. 
 II, 40. lonjT. 66, 41. 
 
 Ori.sans, an llland in the 
 river St. Laurence, at a fmall 
 dilhncc below Quebec. 
 
 OrlkAns, Nkw, a town of 
 Louifiana, fimated beiwccn the 
 eadtfin fliorc of the MifRfippi and 
 the F'ifh river, 14 feaoucs from 
 (he fca. The foil about it is 
 rich and fertile, and the climate 
 excrllent. It is the mctropolli 
 e»f thjs country, and the rtfideiice 
 *f the Governor, Grand Council, 
 <nd Court* of JuHlce, at v;ell ai 
 the jrand emporium of LoulH- 
 ib&. Lat. 30, 5. long. 90, 7. 
 
 Oswego, a fortreft ?refted 
 6n the fouthern bank of the take 
 Ontario, at the mouth of the 
 Onondaga rivtr. Here the In- 
 dians carry on a confiderable trade 
 ^^hh ) he Englifh, exchanging their 
 hiri for the commodities they ere 
 in wairf of. This trade begins 
 fn May, and continues till the 
 latter end of |ulv. h was taken 
 by the EngliA) rrorn the French 
 in 1756, and confirmed to them 
 bv the peace in 1763. Lat. 43, 
 18. long. 76, 30. 
 
 O^FORi>, a fmall town in the 
 county of Talbot, in the eaflern 
 Jivifion of Maryland, on the N. 
 bank of the Choptank river. 
 
 OxroRo, a town in Worcefter 
 county, Mafl*achufcts - Bay, 10 
 miles S. of Leicener, and the 
 i*amc diftance S. W. from Wor- 
 ceflcr, 5 W. from Sutton, and 6 
 H. W. from Douglas, on a branch 
 of the French river, that runs 
 iVito the Thames in Connecticut 
 colony. 
 
 Oxford, in New W, Jerfcy, 
 
 PAN 
 
 on a hranch of the E. br.inch of 
 the Delawar river, 15 mile* E, 
 of Phi lip/burgh, and 7 N. W.of 
 Norton, 
 
 P. 
 
 J) A c H V CO , a town of Meilcfl, 
 60 miles from the city of 
 exico. it is famous for nivcr 
 mines « GemelH fays, that in the 
 fpnce of 6 Iragues there are not 
 Iffj ihan a thoufand. One of 
 them, called Triuity, is fuppofed 
 as rich 83 any in Mexico, there 
 having been t.iken fiom It in 10 
 years time only above 40 millions 
 of filvcr. 
 
 pAKKfstv, a town on the V., 
 bank of Huilfon's river, 70 miles 
 N. of New York. 
 
 PALTJn;owN, a town in New 
 York, 7 miles W, of Hu^lfon's 
 river, and S mliei N. W. of Pa. 
 kerfey. 
 
 Panama, a larse city, built 
 on the tfthtnus of the fame name, 
 and on the coafi of the South Sea. 
 Ttte firft dirbovery of Panama the 
 Spaniards owe to Tello de Guz. 
 than, who landed here in 1515. 
 This difrovery w,is, in the ycsr 
 151?, followed by the fctthment 
 of a colony under the Governor 
 of Terra Pirma. And in 1^21 
 Pani>ma was conftituted a city, 
 with the ufual privileges. In the 
 year 1670 it was taken, fucked, 
 and burned, by John Morgan, 
 an Englilh adventurer. This mif. 
 fortune rendering it abfolutdy 
 neceffary to rebuild the city, it 
 was removed to its prefent fitita- 
 tion, which is about at league and 
 a ha f from the former, and 
 much more convenient. It is 
 furrounded with a wall of frte- 
 ftonc, and defended with a iar^e 
 garrifon of rcguLirs, Ihc houfes 
 were at firft, in general, of wood, 
 having but one flory and a tiled 
 roof. Without the walls is an 
 open fuburb, larger than the city 
 itfelf, and the houfes of the fame 
 materials MOd conAru£tion. The 
 
PAN 
 
 ftrcett hoth of the dry and Aib- 
 uiU aifl llrdiglit, bioitd, uiid fur 
 the moik pitit p«ivc(!. 'I'iiou^h 
 the huuA:s were in generHl of 
 wood, fttcn were rarely known in 
 Panama, the nainre of the iim> 
 bet- being fuch, that, If any fiie 
 ii laid on the floor, or placed 
 againd ihe wall, it ia produdive 
 of no other confequence than that 
 of making a hole, without lUnd. 
 iing into a flame i and the Are 
 iticif is extinguiOied by the aflica. 
 But, notwithftandi.ig ihia excel- 
 lent quality in the wood, the city 
 was a!mott entirely burned down 
 in the year 1737, the {{oodne/'s 
 of the timlier being unable to 
 fccHi-e it from the ravages of the 
 flames- The fire began in a cel- 
 lar, where, amon^ other goods, 
 were great quantities of pitch, tar, 
 napittha, and brandy; lo that the 
 fire being, as it were, faturaScd 
 with ihclefubflances.foon reached 
 the wails, and this fingular kind 
 of wood became' a more eafy prey 
 to the devouring flames. In this 
 conflagration the Aiburb owed its 
 fafcty to its diftance from the 
 City, which is above a mile and 
 a uViarter. Since this misfortune, 
 it has been again rebuilt, and the 
 grcaleft part of the houses of 
 (lone, all kinds of materials for 
 buildings of that kind being hc/e 
 in the }>teatefl plenty. 
 
 In this city is a tribunal, or 
 royal audience, in which the Go- 
 vernor of Panama prefidcs ; and 
 to this employment the captain- 
 (hip of Terra Firma is generally 
 annexed. Panama has alfo a ca- 
 thedral and a chapter, confifting 
 of the Bifliop and a number of 
 Prebendaries; a corporation com- 
 poii'd of Alcaldes and Rcgidores ; 
 three ofliccrs of the revenue, un- 
 der an at omptaot, treafnrcr, and 
 *gent; and a court of inquilition, 
 appointed by the tribunal at Car- 
 lhag«fna, The cathedral and all 
 the convents are of flone s indeed, 
 before the conflagration, feveral 
 of the htter were of wood ; bui 
 
 PAN 
 
 that terrible miifortune (hewfdi 
 them the neccfliiy of uling more 
 folid materials. 
 
 The harbour of Panama U 
 formed in its load by the Ihelter 
 of feveral i (lands, where fhipi lie 
 very fafe, at alioMt two and a half 
 or three leagues diftancp from tht 
 city. 'I'he tides are regular, aed 
 is high. water at the fuli and 
 change at 3 o'clock. The water 
 rifes and falli confiderably t to 
 that the Ihore, lying on a genti« 
 (lope, is at low water left dry to 
 a great diflance. 'i he trade of 
 Panama is very condderabic ; k 
 is t!»c port where the Ox'wt from 
 Lima, (iu^yuquil, &i. unload th« 
 trcafurc (cnt to Old Spain, fn4 
 the llaple for the goods brought 
 up the river Chagre. I'he roads 
 here, thoujrli the diflance is but 
 (hurt, by crofljng the chain of 
 mountains called '. Cordillera, 
 are in fome parts f.» narrow. ihiMt 
 a bea(t of burthen can hardly pafs 
 along, and confeuuently the em- 
 ploying mules In this fervice 
 i-0Mldl)e attended with immintnt 
 danger. 
 
 But this is not tlie whole of its 
 commerce. Panama, even ruring 
 the abfencc of the armada, is ne- 
 ver without (Irangers, it being the 
 thoroughfare for all going to the 
 parts of Piru by the South Ben, 
 as alfo for the coming from thence 
 forSpain ; to which mult be addtd 
 the continual trade carried on by 
 the Peruvian <hips, which bring 
 variety of goods, at meal of dii> 
 ferent forts, wine, brandy, fugar, 
 tallow, leather, olives, oil, and 
 the like. The (hips from Guaya- 
 quil bring cacao, and quinquina, 
 or jefuits- bark, which always meets 
 with a quick exportation here^cfl. 
 pcciilly in times of peace. The 
 coading-barks, which make fre- 
 quent trips fiom the adjacent pofis, 
 (upply the city with hogs, poultry, 
 hung hfcf, hog's, lard, planiaocs, 
 roots, and diffcreot kinds of vu- 
 gctabJcf, with y/kkU this citv is 
 plciuifully fupplicd. 
 
 . 
 
 
 In 
 
I I 
 
 i 
 
 PAN 
 
 The dearneA of provifioni !n 
 this city and itt diftriA, oeca- 
 iioned by the large quantiiiet con- 
 fumed, and the great diftance 
 from whence they are brought, 
 is amply compenfated by themuU 
 tiiude and value of the pearli 
 found in the oyftert growing in 
 itt gulph. The firft to whom 
 the Indians made this vahiable 
 4ifcovery was Bafco Nunez dc 
 
 PAN 
 
 i 
 
 Balboa, when, in his vovnge thro* 
 Panama, to make further difco- 
 wrics in the South Sea, he was 
 prefcnted with fome by Tumaco, 
 an Indian prince. At prefent 
 Ihey are found in fuch plenty, 
 that there are few perfons of fub- 
 llance near Panama, who do not 
 employ all, or at ieaft part of 
 their flavea in this fiQiery, which 
 is carried on in the following 
 manner t 
 
 The negroes who filh for pearls 
 »nft be both expert fwimmers 
 and capable of holding their 
 breath a lon^ time, the work 
 being performed at the bottom 
 of the fea. Thefc Oaves they 
 fend to the iflands in the gulph of 
 Panama, where they have huts 
 built for their lodgings, and boats 
 v^hich hold 8, lo, or 20 negroes, 
 utuler the command of an officer. 
 Id thefi boats they go to fuch 
 parts of the gulph as ate known 
 to produce pearls, and vhere tlje 
 depth of the water is not above 
 10, i», or 15 fathoms. Here 
 they come to an anchor, and the 
 tiegrofs, having one end of a 
 rope fattened about their bodies, 
 and the other end to the fide of 
 the boat, rake with them a fmall 
 weight to ficctlorate their finking, 
 and plunge into the wattr. Vn 
 reaching the bottom, they take 
 up an oyfter, which ihey put 
 under their left arm; the iicond 
 they hold in their left hand ; and 
 the third in their right : with 
 thefc three cyders, and fometimes 
 another in their mouth, they rife 
 to breathe, and put them in a 
 big. When they have relied 
 
 themfelves awhile, and recoverrj 
 their breath, thry dive a fccond 
 time; and thus runtinne till thiy 
 have either compleated their talk, 
 or their ftrrngth fails them. E- 
 very-one of thofe divers is obliged 
 to deliver his mailer a certain 
 numl>er of pearls daily ; fo that 
 when they have got the rcquilite 
 number of oyders in their hag, 
 they begin to open them, and de- 
 liver the number of pearls lo the 
 officer, till they have made up 
 the number due to their maflcr; 
 and if the pearl be but formed, 
 it is fufficient, without any re- 
 gard to its being fmall or faulty. 
 The remainder, however large 
 and beautiful, are the negro's own 
 property; nor has the mafler the 
 Ieaft claim to them, the flaves 
 being allowed to fell them to 
 whom the" pleafe, though the 
 mafter generally purchafcs them 
 at ?. very fmall price. Sometimes 
 the negroes cannot make up their 
 number, as in many of the oyfters 
 the pearl is not at all, or but im- 
 perfeftly formed, or the oyfter is 
 dead, whereby the pearl is fo da. 
 maged as to be of no value ; and 
 as no allowance is made for Auh 
 pearls, they muft make up their 
 number with others. 
 
 Panam!>, from feveral accurate 
 obfcrwations, lies in the lat. of 
 «> 57. 48. long. 82, 5, 14. 
 
 Panama, Prov ■ ce of, 
 is not only the capii . of Terra 
 Firma, but alfo gives its name 
 to a particular province in that 
 kingdom. Molt i/f the towns 
 and villages of the province of 
 Panama arc fituared in fmall plains 
 along the fliorc, the reli of the 
 country being covered with enor- 
 ttioiis and craggy mountains, un- 
 inhabited on account of their fle- 
 rility. This province contains 3 
 citits, iz villages, and a freat 
 nuniber of rancherias or aflfm- 
 blagcs of Indian huts. It has 
 aifo feveral goFd mines; but they 
 ate grcptly neglefled,the Spaniards 
 diufiug raiherto apply tliemfclvcs 
 
 tA the pearl.( 
 mines, as it 
 tain profit, at 
 is ac«}uired 
 care. 
 
 Pa N u c , 
 
 province of J\ 
 
 the N, by N« 
 
 of the audieni 
 
 on the E. by tl 
 
 on the S. b 
 
 TUfcala and F 
 
 on the W. b 
 
 Mechoacan an 
 
 Tropic of Can 
 
 vince, which i 
 
 the Temperate 
 
 Torrid zone. 
 
 leagues in leuj 
 
 in breadth, I 
 
 Mexico is by 
 
 riclicit, aboun 
 
 Tions, and hav 
 
 gold, and mir 
 
 part adjacent t< 
 
 cdiy poor and 1 
 
 try was one of 
 
 of the f-^mous 
 
 i great deal oi 
 
 and plant it ; tl 
 
 try ra'her frui 
 
 than rich ; noi 
 
 any jireat numi 
 
 Pamuco, t 
 
 diftrift of the 
 
 the fee a bilhop 
 
 a river of its 
 
 17 leagues frorr 
 
 N. W. of Mex 
 
 in ihc year 152c 
 
 '«, and called 
 
 I'uerro. It co 
 
 families; and th( 
 
 «.id clean, beir 
 
 >nd neatly thatt 
 
 to leaves. The 
 
 fiandi is navigal 
 
 ■* great way abc 
 
 the harbour has 
 
 fofc it, that no 
 
 can enter it ; w 
 
 of bad confeque 
 
 mercc of the j 
 
 ^"' 13. 5- long. 
 
 Paria, Gu] 
 

 PAR 
 
 to ihe pearl-(i(hcry, than to the 
 mines, ;i« it affords a more cer- 
 tain profit, and at the fame time 
 is ac«iuircd with much greater 
 care. 
 
 Panuco, or GuAfTicA, a 
 province of Mexico, bounded on 
 the N. by New Leon, and part 
 of the audience of Guadalaxara; 
 on the E, by thcgulph of Mexico; 
 on the S. by the province of 
 TIafcala and Mexico Proper; and 
 on the W. by the provinces of 
 Mechoacan and New Bifcay. The 
 Tropic of Cancer crofles this pro- 
 vince, which is fituated partly in 
 the 1'empcrate, and partly in (he 
 Torrid zone. It it about 55 
 leagues in length, and the fimc 
 in breadth, I he part ncareft to 
 Mexico is by much the beft and 
 riclicit, abounding with provi- 
 fions, and having fome veins of 
 gold, and mines of filver. The 
 part adjacent to Florida is wrctch- 
 tdly poor and barren. The coun- 
 try was one of the firft difcoveries 
 of the famous Cortei, who took 
 a great deal of pains to conquer 
 and plant it ; though it is a coun- 
 try ralier fruitful and pleafant 
 than rich; nor has it ever had 
 any j>reat number of inhabitants. 
 Ha NT u CO, the capital of the 
 diftrift of the fame nsme-; it i$ 
 the ftc a bllhop, and ftands upon 
 a river of its own name, about 
 17 leagues from the fca, and 60 
 N. W. of M^-xico. It was built 
 in ihc year 1520, by order of Cor- 
 tfz, and called St. Iftevan del 
 Puerto. It conrains about 500 
 families; and the houfes arc ftrong 
 and clean, being built of ftone, 
 and neatly thatched with palmet- 
 to leaves. The river on which it 
 ftandi is navigable for large fliips 
 -a great way above the citv; but 
 the harbowr has Co large a bar be- 
 fore it, that no Ihips of burd-in 
 can enter it ; which has proved 
 «f bad confequence to the com- 
 merce of the place. It lies in 
 *"• -3> 5- Jong. 100, 2. 
 i'ARiA, Gulp of, a ftrait 
 
 P A U 
 
 lying between the N. W. part of 
 New Andalulia, or Cumana, and 
 the fouthern Quote of the ittand 
 Trinidad-. Lai. 9, i». ionpU 
 tude 6i, I. " 
 
 Parham Town and Har- 
 bour, on the N. fide of the 
 ifland of Aniigua, in the Weft- 
 Indies. 
 
 PasamA(^uada River, 
 which runs into the bay of the 
 fame name, is the fuppolcd boun- 
 dary between New-England and 
 Nova-Scotia. In and off" this baf 
 are fcveral fine iflandi, 
 
 Pasquotank, a maritime 
 county, in the dirtrift of Eden- 
 ton, N. Carolina, is a vcryfwam- 
 py fi. nation, and has a river of 
 the fame name, which rum into 
 Albemarle found. 
 
 Passage, Gkiat and Lit- 
 TLEf two of the Virgin -met, 
 nca" the E. end of Porto Rico, 
 and is claimed by the Spaniards. 
 Long. 64, 5. lat. 18, 10. 
 
 Pa88ao«-Fort, afmalhowii 
 in Jamaica, fituated in the rotd 
 between Port-Royal and Spani/h- 
 Town, 7 miles S. E. of the lat- 
 ter, and at the mou*h of the ri- 
 ver Cobre, where it has a fort 
 with 10 or II guns. It has « 
 briflc trade, and contains about 
 400 houfes, the greateft part of 
 them houfes of entertainment. 
 
 PoTAMACK, 8 large rivet-, 
 feparating Virginia from Mary- 
 land. It rifes in the Apalachian 
 Mountains, and after a courfe of 
 above 200 miles, falls into Che- 
 fapeak-bay, in the lat. of 37, 56. 
 Patiknce Island, in the 
 Bay of Narraganfct, Rhode-Ifland 
 Colony, is about z miles lonjr, 
 and I broad. 
 
 PAucai-CollA, a jurifdic- 
 tion in the biflioprick of La Paz, 
 bordering on Chucutto. It is 
 fituated among the mountains, 
 which renders the air very cold ; 
 fo that it produces little grain and 
 efculent vegetables, but abounds 
 In cattle both of the European 
 and American kinds. It has fc« 
 
 ¥\' 
 
mmmi 
 
 H 
 
 PAZ 
 
 .veral filver mines, and particular- 
 ly one cilled Laycacota, which 
 Vas formerly (o rich, that the 
 rietal was otieii cut out with a 
 chifTl-l, but (he waters broke in 
 and overflowed the works ; nor 
 has any labour and expence been 
 wanting to drain it : but it is now 
 entirely abandoned. 
 
 Paul, St. an ifland in the 
 flrait bccween Newfoundland and 
 Cape Breton. It lies about 15 
 miles N. E. of North - Cape, a 
 promontory in the ifland of Cape- 
 Breton. 
 
 Paz, La, a fmall jiirirdi£\ion 
 of the audience of Gharcas, fi- 
 tuatcd among the mountain!^, one 
 of which, called Illimani, con- 
 tains, in all human probability, 
 {mmcnfe riches ; for a crag of ir 
 bcirg fome years fince broken ofT 
 by a flafli of ligliinin{», fuch a 
 tauantity of gold was found among 
 the fragments, that it was ibid 
 for fome time at La Paz tor 
 eight .picces"'6f eight the ounce, 
 put the Aimmit of this mountain 
 "being perpetually covered with ice 
 «nd fnow, no attempt has been 
 made to open a niine. 
 
 Paz, La, the capital of the 
 atovejurifdifiion, fituated amotig 
 the breaches of the mountains, 
 on the fide of a valley, through 
 which a pretty large river flowj, 
 and about 12 leagues diHant from 
 the Cordillera. The ground on 
 which it ftands is not only unc- 
 «jual, but funonnded by moun- 
 tains. When the river is fwelled 
 by rains, or melted fnow fiom 
 the Cordillera, its current forces 
 along huj^c ma/Tcs of pcks, with 
 fome grains of gold, which a.e 
 found after thew-iicr has fiibfid- 
 cd. In the V-'ai" 1730, an Indian 
 li:ippenin^ tovvafh his feet in the 
 irivci, found a lump of gold of 
 fo latgc a fize, ilmt the Marquis 
 ilc Cadel Funtc gave i:v,coo 
 p'crc- of eij>bt For it, and fent it 
 fo "spii'i, us .a prcfcut worthy the 
 ciu'oi^ty of his fovereign. The 
 city of La Pa^ is of a uuddliug 
 
 P E N 
 
 fize.and t]i«Jiotifes well built. Be- 
 fide the cathedral and the pariflt* 
 church del Scgrario, where 2 priells 
 officiate, there are alfo thofe of 
 St. Barbada, St. Scbaflian, and 
 St. Peter. Here are alfo religious 
 fraternities of Francifcans, Do.- 
 minicans, Augudines, and the 
 Fathers of Mercy ; a college of 
 Jefiiits, and a convent and hof- 
 
 fiital of St. Juan de Dios ; he- 
 idcs a nunnery of the order of 
 the Conception, and another of 
 Santa Therefa. Here is alfo a 
 college of St. Jerom, for the edu- 
 cation of youth, whether dedgncd 
 for ecclefiaftical or civil employ- 
 mcntj. Lat. 16, 10. long. 68, '5. 
 
 Penguin Island, an ifl.ifid 
 in tie Atlantic Ocean, about 10 
 miles to the N.E. of the coaft 
 of Newfoundland. It has its 
 name from the multitude of birds 
 called penguins, which frequent 
 it. Lat 50, 5. long, 50, 30. 
 
 Penorscot-Bay, a large bay 
 in the county of Lincoln, in the 
 province of New-England. The 
 mt'uth of this bay, which is it 
 miles in breadth, and interfpeifed 
 with fcveral iflands, lies in lati* 
 tude 44, 9. long 68, 15. 
 
 I'ENOBScoT-RivKR, a large 
 river in the j.'io'.ernment of Saga- 
 dahocK, or Lincoln county, New- 
 England. It is formed by 3 
 Orcanos ifluing from 3 lak-rs in 
 the fame government ; and, after 
 a courfe of 130 miles, falls into 
 Penobfcot- Bay. It hit a large 
 ifland at the entrance into the 
 channel, called Bethune - ifland. 
 The land is high on each fide itiis 
 river; and at 35 miles above the 
 mouth the river tumbles for a 
 miles over fall?, wtiich puis a 
 flop to all n'a.inc navigation; and 
 2 miles further N. W. there are 
 other falls. In the front of the 
 falls there run acrofs the river a 
 row of pointed rocks, that at low- 
 water appear like pickets acrofs a 
 river. For 9 miles above the 
 falls the river has the appearance 
 of. a lake 2 miites ovier, lyit)g f^< 
 
PEN 
 
 and 3. hcxnjr full of iflands : »Ji!s 
 ri\cr and (liftriO remaining laft 
 war inpofl'nionoJ thenaiivcs.jiu- 
 (Itr the patronige of the French, 
 in 1759 ''** governor of MafTa- 
 chufcts-Uay took poflefnon of it, 
 and builc a fort, which he called 
 Fownall, and by it kept the conu- 
 try in fubje^ion. This was trie 
 lall river and d\Rr\C\ on the N. 
 American coaft, which complcat- 
 ed the Britifh empire, 
 
 Pen'sacola, an cxeellent 
 harbour on the bay of Mexico, 
 in Weft Florida, 11 leagues E. 
 of Port I^ewis and Mobile, and 
 158 W. of the ifland of I'ortuga. 
 It is a large harbour, lafe from 
 all winds, and has 4 fathom wa- 
 ter at its enttance, deepening gra- 
 dually to 7 or 8. On the W. fide 
 of the harbour ftands Penfacola, 
 t^e capital of the province, de- 
 fended by a fmall f^ockadcd fort 
 of la or 14 guns, called St. Ma- 
 ry de Galvc, from its being ertft- 
 (i in the time of the Count dc 
 (ialve. A very fine river falls in- 
 to the bay of Mexico, on the E. 
 fide of this barLour, after run- 
 ning above ico miles through the 
 country. The land here produces 
 plenty of trees, fit for marts of 
 ftips, and accordingly many of 
 them are cut down and carried to 
 Vera Cruz for that purpofc, 
 
 Pknsbury, a fmall town in 
 I'le county of Buckingham, in 
 Penfylvania, (ituated on a fmall 
 free'K of the Delawar. It was a 
 manor, Mr. Penn referved fgr 
 himfelf, and here he built a houfe, 
 acil planted gardens and orchards. 
 The houfe is finely fituated, and 
 'he fituation greatly improved by 
 the plantations and buildings. 
 
 Pensylvania, a flouri/hing 
 province, fauatcd between New- 
 York on the N. New-Jerf-y on 
 :l,e E. Virginia and part of Cana- 
 da W. and Maryland on the S. 
 
 PEN 
 
 2 JO in breadth; lying hctweetl 
 38 and 43 degrees of latitude, 
 anil 74. and 81 lonxiliule. It has 
 but one remarkable cape, and 
 that is Hinlopen : as to harbours 
 or hay*, the Delawjr is the cliicf, 
 Ri>"^r.s it Ikir fevcral, the mod 
 ionlid rable of whom are, Dtla- 
 war, Siifvjjv.hinna, and SchuHkill. 
 I he iJeJawiir, whofc fource is far 
 N. in tlie country of the, fndianf 
 called Iroquois, n navigable 120 
 miles above Philadelphia, and 
 would b« fo farther but for a ca- 
 taraa in it above Briftol, which 
 hinders veffels from proceeding 
 higher; at its mouth it is upwards 
 of 3 miles bioaJ, and more than 
 I at Philadelphia : the Schuilkill 
 and Sufijuchanna rivers rife alfo m 
 the country of the Iroquois, atid. 
 are navigable far up the country j ' 
 add to this that the largeft fleets 
 may ride in fafety in the creeks 
 
 having no other communication 
 with ihe fea than by the mouth 
 of the river Delawar. It is a- 
 boiit 300 miles in length, and 
 
 and coves with vJhich Delawar 
 bay abounds ; £0 that this pro- 
 vince is happily circumftanced to 
 cnrry on a foreign as well as in- 
 liind trade. It is divided into the 
 following counties: Philadelphia, 
 Chefler, Bucks, Berks, North- 
 ampton, Lancafter, York, and 
 Cumberland. On the Delawar 
 are Newcaftle, Kent, and SufTex. 
 
 This province was granted^ to 
 the famous vVilliam Penn, fon to 
 Sir William Penn, Admiral of 
 the Englifh fleet, in the time of 
 Oliver Cromwell, and K.Cha. If,, 
 Sir William, as fomc reward for 
 his fervices, and in confideratiorv 
 of fundry debts due to him from 
 the crown, was promifed a grant 
 of this country from K. Cha. 1 T, 
 but died before he obtained it. 
 His fon did not, for fbme tinie, 
 apply himfelf ftrenuoully to foli- 
 cit the grant promifed to his fa- 
 ther ; but at length finding his 
 friends, the Quakers, were har- 
 rafTed in every part of England 
 by fpiritual courts, he renewed 
 his application to the court, and 
 having obtained his crant, went 
 into America, and purchafed the 
 P z 
 
; 
 
 PEN 
 
 foil, at a verv low race, of the 
 Jnduos, it! original poflcnurs. By 
 Ihia cheap a^ of juliico at the 
 brginning, he rendered all his 
 future dealings the more eafy, 
 the Indians having conceived very 
 favourable opinions both of him 
 and his dcfigns. Having ihu» ftic- 
 cceded in the 6t(k part of his 
 plan, he proceeded to the other, 
 namely, to people the country he 
 had thus obtuinrd. And thi» was 
 greatly facilitated by the uneafi- 
 nils of the Englini Quakers ; 
 who, from their liigh opinion of 
 the man, detern^ined to follow 
 liim over the vaD Atlantic Ocean 
 to a country uncultivated, and a 
 climate Grange und unknown. 
 Kor was he nimfelf wanting in 
 any thing that had a tendency to 
 tiicouraoe his followers ; he ex- 
 pended large futrn in tranfporiing 
 and fbpplying them with all ne- 
 cefTarics ; aim not aiming at a 
 fndden fortune, by felling his 
 lands at a very eafy puichalc. By 
 this means, and the noble charter 
 of privileges he gave the fettlers, 
 the country was foon changed 
 fiYim a wilderncfs to a garden, 
 and is now one of the mof) flou- 
 r.fliing colonies belonging to the 
 Kcw- World; and flill called after 
 his own name. 
 
 The climate of Penfylvania is 
 very agreeable, and the air fwcet 
 and clear. The fall, or autumn, 
 begins about the 2otn of O^ober, 
 and lafls till the btgianing of 
 December, when the winter fets 
 in, which continues till March. 
 Fiofty weather, and extreme cold 
 iealbns, are frequently known 
 here ; fo that the river Delawar, 
 though very broad, is oftentimes 
 froze over ; but at the fame time 
 tl- e weather is dry and healthy. The 
 fpring lafts from March to June, 
 but the weather then is more in- 
 conOant than in the other feafons- 
 The heats arc very great in thr 
 months of July, Augu.'l, and 
 September, but miiigaied fo much 
 by cool breezes that they are very 
 
 PEN 
 
 tolerable. The wind is at S, W, 
 during gieat part of the fummei ; 
 but generally at N. and N. W. in 
 the /pring, fall, and winter ; which 
 blow'ng over the frozen lakes and 
 fnowy mountains of Canada, is 
 the true caufe of the coldmTs of 
 the weather in the winter feafon. 
 
 The foil of this province is, in 
 fome places a yellow or black 
 fand ; in Tome a loamy eravel ; 
 and in others a fat mold, like 
 the vales in England, cfpecially 
 near the inland brooks and rivers. 
 The earth is fruitful, fat, and 
 eafy to be cleared, the roots of 
 the trees being but a fmall dif. 
 tancc below the furface of the 
 ground. It is well watered ivith 
 riveis, and produces every thing 
 which can render life a);rcrable, 
 in the utmoll plenty. In fliort, 
 there is no part of North Ameri- 
 ca in a more Hourilhing condition 
 than Penfylvania ; naT, in feme 
 years, more people have tranf* 
 ported themfclves into this pro- 
 vince, than into all the others. 
 In the year 1779, 6108 perfons 
 came to fettle there as palTengers 
 or fcrvants, four-fifths of whom, 
 at leaO, were from Frcland ; Co 
 that it is no wonder that land ha* 
 greatly rifcn in its value fince the 
 time of William Penn, it now 
 felling round Philadelphia at 20 
 years purchafe. Incliidinj; the 
 Delawar counties, it contains a- 
 bout 350,000 inhabitints. There 
 is no particular religion ellabli/hed 
 here, but a fifh part of the in- 
 habitants are Qiiakers. Before 
 the prefent d'llurEances there were 
 annually built here 35 veflels, and 
 they exported proviiibns of ail 
 kinds, iron, furs, &c. to the amount 
 of 7o5,oool.and their imports from 
 Britain were about <Jii,ocol. 
 
 The foil is extremely flrong 
 and fertile, producing, fpontane- 
 oufly, an infinite variety of trees, 
 floweis, fruits, and plants of dif* 
 fcie4)t files ; and the mountains 
 are enriched with ore. Thi« pro- 
 vince is cultivaced to grcalcr 
 
T E R 
 
 ftrtcOlon than any other ; and 
 in tliii (t;ite yields not only great 
 
 P K I 
 
 plenty, but grcit variety ot grain ; 
 alio tUK-ieed, hemp, and varioui 
 oihfr articlci. 
 
 ft muft be obferved here, ilut 
 In the futirhcrn the limber is not 
 fo proper for fliio-building at in 
 the northern colunief; for In a 
 comparative decree as they lie 
 nearer to the S. the wood becomes 
 lefs and ltf$ compaft, and fplits 
 caCly ;— a qnalny, however, that, 
 thoi^jh rendcrine it improper for 
 (hip«, makci it filter for /bvei.— 
 The land abound* with cattle, and 
 the rivers wbh fiih. 
 
 PxNTusoK, a town in Hamp- 
 ftire county, Muiraoliufets-Bay, 
 the mofl W. in the whole comity, 
 on a branch of the Monfbionk- 
 liver, \»hich empties itfelf into 
 Long-lflantl Sound. 
 
 Fi:r«1.uimons, a maritime 
 county, in the iMriCi of Eden- 
 ton, North-Carolina. It has a 
 river of its own name, which 
 ri;ns ini«) Albemarle Sound. 
 
 PtnTH-AMBO V, the capital 
 of MirMlcf.'x county, in Ne*-Jer- 
 fcy, lb called from James Drum- 
 moiul, Earl of Perth, one of its 
 ancient proprititarics, ami Point- 
 Aiiiboy, on which it ftan is. It is 
 finily liiuated at the mouth of lla- 
 ritan-iiver, which here falls into 
 Sandy-hook-bay, and i« capacious 
 enough to hold 500 fail of fhips. 
 But though it is fo commodiouf^ 
 ly fitoated for trade, and vcffcls 
 mijght alfo be built very cheap, 
 it is not in a flouri/hing condi- 
 lion, confifting only of about 40 
 fcattcred houfcs, bcfides that be- 
 longing to the Governor^ Yet 
 tlic original plan, as laid out by 
 the Scotch proprietors, contains 
 1070 acres, divided into 15P 
 qiul (hares for purchafers to 
 build upotT ; 4 acres are referved 
 for a market-place, and 3 for a 
 public wharf. And had it becti 
 built according to the dcfign , it 
 would have been one of the fineft 
 WWU4 iu No«U-Amcric8» 
 
 PlTAr A , a town of rfie pfo^ 
 vinceof Guaiimala, in New Spain, 
 fituated near the coaf), on the 
 river Guatimala, and 15 mile* 
 S. E. of the town of that name^ 
 It (lands at the wedern extremity 
 of the valley of Mexico, and i» 
 reckoned one of the pleafinteft 
 towns in the province. Tho 
 river, which walhes it. h*i a mill 
 cre^ed on it, which Cent* mo(k 
 part of the valley ; and within 
 naif a mile of the town is a rich 
 plantation of Aigar^ the foil being 
 very proper for producing thaC 
 commodity. 
 
 Petf. RSBURC, a town in 
 Prince George's county, Virginia, 
 on a branch of James river, over 
 which it has a briUgc, 16 miles S, 
 of Chcfler, and )8 miles N. W, 
 of Bermuda. 
 
 P E T I, R s H A M , a town lit 
 Hampfliire county, Maffichufcts- 
 Bay, fitiiated at the fork of the 
 calicrri branch <if the river Ware, 
 which runs into Conntfticut ri- 
 ver ; ao miles E. of Narraganfct, 
 Peter's Island, one of the 
 Virgin Klandj, which fee, 
 
 VfTiT G u A V c s , In St. Do-* 
 mingo. — Sec Hij'paniola. 
 
 PHtLADKi.PHiA, the ca~ital 
 of the province of Pet)fylvania, 
 fituated on a neck of land at the 
 confiuciice of the two fine river* 
 I^elawar and Schuilkill. It is laii 
 out in the form of a paraHello-- 
 giani, or long f(^aai-c, extending % 
 miles from river to livcr, and 
 compofingS long flrCets, Interfer- 
 ed at riolit angles by r6 others, 
 each a mile in length, broad', 
 fp.icious, and even ; with proper 
 fpnces for the public buildings, 
 cliurclicj, and market-places. t\x 
 the center is a Ajiiarc of lo acres, 
 round which the public building* 
 arc difpofed» The two principal 
 ftreeto, called High - ftrtet," and 
 Broad-ftrcet, arc each 100 foet itt. 
 breadth, and mod of the hoi.fc» 
 have a fmall garden and orchard. 
 From the rivers are cut fmalli 
 vanals, equally agreeable aud be* 
 ^ 3 
 
P H I 
 
 ImAcUI. Ihe wharf* irr fine and 
 
 fpaciuui ( the principal aoo ftet 
 
 wliiri nnil thf w^tir Co drep, ihjit 
 
 ■ vcftcl of 500 trim bunlcn may 
 
 lay her broad- iide to it. 1 he warc« 
 
 hou<>!a are large, nuiueiuun, ami 
 
 commodioui ( and (he ducki for 
 
 (hip-buil(ilng arc Co «ell adaplcil 
 
 to their pnrpolti, that 10 Uitpt 
 
 have been feen on the Aockaat the 
 
 fame tline. The ciiy at prefent, 
 
 cacliirtvfl of warehoufei and oui- 
 
 houfea, conflfti of rbout 3000 
 
 houi'ei, mo(t of them of brick, 
 
 well-built, and very fpuciousj and 
 
 the number of inhabitaiiiaaniotinis 
 
 to above 18,000. 'I he orij>inal 
 
 rian it far fiom being compKtcd| 
 
 but To far as it it built, the Oruc- 
 
 turcs are ereded conformable to 
 
 it ; and the buildingt are d<tily 
 
 inci curing, both in number and 
 
 beauty t fo that there it great 
 
 rcal'dn to believe that it will in a 
 
 few yeart be one of the fined pU- 
 
 cet in all America. 
 
 A great numbfr of very wealtliy 
 merchants inhabit i'hiUdelphia ; 
 which it three-4uarters nf a mile 
 broad. The Areeti are well light* 
 rd, and watched 1 a pavement of 
 broad flones run along each fide 
 fur foot-padcngcrf. 
 
 Befldcs the quantities of all 
 kipdi of provifions produced in 
 tliia province, which is brought 
 down the rivers Delawar and 
 Fchuilkill, the Dutch employ be- 
 tween 8 and 9000 waggons, each 
 drawn by four horfes, in bringing 
 the produAof their farms to the 
 market of Philadebhia. In the 
 year 1749, 303 veflels entered in- 
 wards at this port, and 191 cleared 
 outwards. There are cuAom- 
 hoMfe officers at other ports of this 
 province, but the foreign trade in 
 rhefe placet is not worth notice. 
 I.at. 40, $0. long. 74. 
 
 There are in this cit^ a chur- 
 ches, I Swedilh, I Romifh Cha- 
 pel, 3 Quaker's mce-ing-houfca, 
 a Prc(by crian, 1 Lutheran, i 
 Dutch Calvinift, l Annabaptift, 
 and 1 Morikviau oievtiug-houie. 
 
 V I s 
 
 rHILADBLflllA.CuUNTV, 
 one of the divihoiu of Penfylva- 
 nia, in callcii irom the Capii^l ot 
 the whole province round which 
 it lien. It ii bounded N. F. hy 
 Uiick'i county, S. E. by JerlVy. 
 8. W. by Cheftei, and N. W. l.y 
 Rtrk'tcuuiity. 
 
 Philii* SHU RG, a town and 
 tr\»n»r of New- York, on the F. 
 fide of lludfon't river, oppufite 
 Orange, about 13 mlici N. of 
 NeA.York,and 15 from blamford, 
 in Connc^icut. 
 
 I'Mi Lii>tBURG, a town in 
 New Wen Jetfcy, on the E.bank 
 of Delawar river, oppofite Eaton, 
 in Pcnfylvania. 
 
 PHiMPi>iNA,a Anatl town of 
 the province of Cuatimala, in New 
 Spain, fiiuatcd on a bay of the 
 Suuth-Sca, in lat. la, 50. long. 
 91, 30. 
 
 bT. Pie 11 UK, the firf) lovin 
 built in the in.ind of Martinico, 
 in the WcA- Indies. I». is five 
 leaguea S. of Fort-Royal, in a 
 round bay on the W. cualV of the 
 Ifland. It is the place of comir.u- 
 nication between the colony and 
 mother-country. It is the rtfl- 
 dence of the nnerchantt, at well 
 at the center of burinefs ; and, 
 notwiihflanding it hat been re- 
 duced four times to alhes, it con- 
 tains near aooo houfcs. A port 
 iitnatcd along the fca-fide on the 
 Strand is the anchoring-place, but 
 very unhealthy. Another port of 
 the town is feparated from it hy a 
 river, and it built on a low hill, 
 which it called the Fort, from a 
 finall fortcifs which defends the 
 road, whi^h it very good for the 
 loading and unloading the Aiipf, 
 and the fncility of coming in and 
 going out ; but the (hipping are 
 obliged in winter time to take 
 flicltcr at Fort-Royal, the capital 
 of the ifland. 
 
 PiscATAQUA, a river of the 
 province of New HampOiire, in 
 New-England, which after acourfe 
 of 40 miles falls into Pifcataqua- 
 harbuar^ near Ponfinouth, It it 
 
P L A 
 
 the only nori of the province, and 
 f >r 15 milri hat more the appear- 
 ai)i-e of a Jeep hay than a ilver. 
 There it in ine mou(h of ii the 
 iflandof NeveaHle, t } long, and 
 I ^ broad. It linaviinble U|i the 
 6ril cuurfe For Ihipa of any btir- 
 llicn, for 9 iitilci more up the W. 
 blanch 10 Kxeter it iinavigibie fur 
 (looni, and alCo up the E. branch 
 totnefalla. Thti ilver makcailie 
 boundary between York and New 
 Hampthire. 
 
 PiicATAWAT, • town of the 
 county of Midiltcfex, in New 
 Jtrlly, confiftiog of 90 familiei, 
 and AO,oco acrei of land, (ituated 
 on the Rnritan river, 6 miiet 
 from ill mouih. 
 
 Pi. AC». NT lA, afamoiMbnyand 
 haibour in Newfoundland, grcaily 
 fie4Ucnicd by [h\pt employed in 
 the cod-fiihcry. The entrance of 
 it if a narrow ciiannrl, titiongh 
 which but one /hip can p^Ta ac it 
 time; but the wutci it derp enough 
 for the largcft, ^nd the harbour 
 c;ipacit<us enough to hold i;o fuit 
 of fliip», which are there Icciirc 
 agitinit all winds, and can fifl) as 
 quietly »n in a river, nct'urc the 
 narrow channel is a road of a 
 Uigue and a half in extent ; but 
 cxpofed to the welierly winds, 
 which here often blow wiih great 
 violence. What renders ihc chan- 
 nel Co narrow, is a ridge of dan- 
 gerous rocks, which muft be It ft 
 upon the Harboard fide in going 
 into the bay, and on this ridge the 
 French had formerly a fort, cal- 
 led St. Lewi'. The currents are 
 very flrong here ; fo that fhips 
 muii be towed through the chan- 
 nel. The great Drand, or drying 
 lace for fifh, which i» about a 
 cague in extent, lies bct\ACcn two 
 very fteep hills, one of which, 
 on the S. S. W. is fcpurated from 
 the Strand by a finall rivulet, 
 which runs out of the channel, 
 and forms a kind of lake, called 
 the Litlle-Bay, in which plenty 
 of falmon is caught. The great 
 ftiaad U capacious enough to dry 
 
 r. 
 
 PLY 
 
 fi(h futfirlent to load $0 (Mot, 
 Hrfidei this there k another calle4 
 The Little Strand, uicd by the in- 
 habitants In diving their fi(h, 
 which they catch alt along the 
 eotfl. On both ihcfc places 6{h 
 may be laid to dry without any 
 dangrr. Along the above-men- 
 tioned rivulet the French built 
 little huts with branches of pine- 
 trees for drying their fi(h in rainy 
 weather. Near this are the houfea 
 of the inhabitants, which form • 
 village called Placeniia. Laf. 47, 
 10. long. 5x, ao. 
 
 Pitt County, In the dlftrift of 
 Ncwbern, North-Carolin», is fim- 
 atcd between the Pjmtico river 
 N. and Kufc Rivet S. and ha* 
 Tarrburgii* principal (own. 
 
 P1.AINF11LD, ■ town in 
 Winuham cointy, Conne^icut, 
 Ncw-Kti^luid, iituated on the 
 'I hamcs river, ai miles N. of 
 Ncw-LonJon, and a S. W. of 
 Cuntcrbuiy. 
 
 Plvmoutm, New, Colony, « 
 fubdivifion of the Maflachufeis- 
 Bay. It extendi aljouf 100 mile* 
 along the coafl from Cape Cod to 
 the northward, and near 50 broad. 
 It was called Plymouth colony 
 frori) its fit II town being built by 
 the Council of MymoBih, in De- 
 vonfhirc, the firO adventurers to 
 this American continent. It U 
 fubdividcd into three countlei, viz, 
 Briftol, Plymouth, and Barnftaple, 
 
 Plymouth, a fiibdivifion of 
 the colony of the fame name, 
 fituaied in the fouthern part of the 
 colony, and watered by 2 or 3 
 fmail river* ; the Toil in general is 
 rich, and confieqiicntly fertile. 
 
 Plymouth, Ntw, the capital 
 of the [ime, fituaied ncai a bay, 
 foimtrly called the gulph of Pa- 
 tuxet, now Plymouth-Bay. It 
 containi about 5C0 families, or 
 3000 fouls ; but the landi adja- 
 cent are not very fruitful. Lat. 
 41, 56. long, 70, 30. 
 
 Plymouth, one of the roads 
 ii the ifland of Monfcrrat, one of 
 the Caribbcc lOands, 
 
P O R 
 
 Po c M o A K , a river of Mary, 
 land, on the F.. fije of Oiefapeak- 
 Bay. It rifts n^ar rhe borders of 
 l*enfylvania,aijd, after a courfc of 
 45 miles, falls into Chefapcak-Bay, 
 in the iat. of 37, 55. 
 ^PoMfRKT, a town in Wind- 
 ham county, Conncfflicot, Mtw- 
 England, on the Nathumy bnnch 
 of the Thames river, 5 miles 
 8. W. of Killingley, and 10 N. 
 of Canrcrhury. 
 
 Port-Angel, a harbowr on 
 ihe coaft of the Souih-Sca, in the 
 kinp-loBi of Mexico, in the mid- 
 dle between St. Pedro and Com- 
 pclifa. It is a bread open bay, 
 with good anchorage, but bad 
 landing. The Spaniaras reckon 
 it as good a harbour as Guatulco. 
 Lat. 13, 3^. long. 97,4. 
 
 Port-Mar<i_jis, a harbour 
 on the coaft of ihc S( uih-Sea, in 
 the kingdom of /Mexico, a leajue 
 to tlie cart ward of Acapu'co, which 
 fliips from Peru generally fre^utnt 
 to Imd their contraband goods. 
 Lat. 17, 27, long. 102, 26. 
 
 Porto-Be LLC, a fea - port 
 town, on the iflhmusof Darien, 
 in the kingdom of Terra Firma, 
 It ftands near the fea, on the de- 
 clivity of a mountain, whici'fi.r- 
 rounds the V, hole hartjour. Moft 
 of th" houfes are built with v.'ood. 
 In fome the fitft ftory is of lione. 
 and the rernairdcr of v.ood. They 
 are about 130 in number, but mo!l 
 of them remarkably fpacious. 
 T he town is under thejurifdidion 
 of a Governor, with the title of 
 I..ieiitenant-Gcneral,as being fuch 
 under the Prefident of Panama. 
 
 The town confifts of one prin- 
 cipal flreet, extending along the 
 Strand, baving fcveral others crof- 
 £ng it, and running from the de- 
 chvity of the mountain to the 
 (horc ; together with feme lanes 
 parailel lo the principal ftrcet, 
 whsrc the ground will admit of if. 
 It hai 7. ujuarcSj i oppoi'uc to the 
 ru'tnm-houfe, which is a ftone. 
 ■ftruiturc built- on the quay ; the 
 other faces the great church, which 
 
 P O R 
 
 'f. alfo of ftone, large and decently 
 ornamented, and leivedby a Vicar 
 and tome other prieds, who arc 
 natives of the country. Btfides 
 the great church, there a!fo two 
 oihtjs, one belonging to the Fa- 
 thers of Mercy, wTiofe convent is 
 contiguous to it ; the other dedi- 
 cated to St. Juan dc Dio«, ?nd was 
 intended for an hofpita!. The 
 church belonging to the Fathers 
 of Mercy is of itare, but very 
 mean, and in a ruinous condition ; 
 and the convent fo greatly decayed, 
 that the religious arc obliged to 
 live in the town, difperfed m pri- 
 vate homes. That of St. Jnan dc 
 Diosisa fmall building rciembling 
 an or.iiory, and, like ih? other, \a 
 a very ruinous condition. 
 
 At tie eaft end of the town, in 
 the road to Panama, is a vjuarier 
 called (Guinea, being the place 
 where all the negroes of both 
 fcxes, whether flavesor free, haie 
 their habitations. This tjuarter 
 was greatly crowded wlien the gal- 
 leons were at Porto-Bello, nicft of 
 the inhabitants of the town re- 
 tiring hither for the fake of letting 
 their heufes. At the far^e time 
 great numbers of mechanics, who 
 then fiock hither fiom Panama, 
 lodge in this quarter for cheap- 
 npf', 
 
 Porto Bello, which is but very 
 thinly inhabited, became at the 
 time when the galleons wer.e ther?, 
 oiiC of the moft popiiipus pisccs 
 in the world. Its fituation on the 
 ifthmus between she South and 
 North Sta, the goodnefs of its 
 harbour, ard its fmall dillance 
 from Panama, have given it the 
 preference to all other places f( r 
 the rendezvous of the jrint com- 
 merce of Spain and i tru at its 
 fair ; but this trade is diiconti- 
 Rued. 
 
 As fccn as advice arrived at 
 Panama that the fleet from Peru 
 had unioaileii their tvitiuiaiurue 
 at Panairia, the galleons made the 
 beft of their way to Porto Pelio^ 
 in order- to avoid the roany dif- 
 
P O R 
 
 tempers which affeft the fcamen, 
 ind derive their fource from idle- 
 neft. The concourfe of people 
 on this occafion was fuch, that 
 the rent of lodgings was raifed to 
 an exceilive hcighf» the price of 
 a middling chamber and a fmall 
 clofet, during the fair, being often 
 1000 crowns, and thar of fomc 
 lar^e houfes 4. 5, or 6000. 
 
 While the feamen and Euro- 
 pean traders were employed, the 
 land was covered with droves of 
 r.iule* from Panama, each drove 
 confifting of above loo, loaded 
 with cherts of gold and filvcr, 
 on account of the merchants at 
 Peru. Some of thefe wee un- 
 loaded at the exchange, and o- 
 thers in the fijuare ; but, notwith- 
 llanding all :hc hurry and con- 
 fufion attending fuch prodigious 
 crouds, no lofs or diflurbance was 
 ever known. He who had feen 
 Porto-Bello at other limes, foji- 
 jary, poor, and a perpetual ft- 
 Icnce reigning cvery-where, the 
 harbour without fhips, and every 
 place wearing a melancholy af- 
 pea, muft be filled with aftonilh- 
 ment at this Aidden change, to 
 fee the baftling multitudes, every 
 houfe crouded, the fcjuaies and 
 ftreets full of bales and chca* of 
 gold and filver ; the harbour full 
 of (hips and vefTels, fome bring- 
 ing, by the way of the river Cha- 
 gre, the goods of Peru, as cacao, 
 jeluits-bark, vicuna- wooi, and 
 bezoar - ftones ; others coming 
 from Carthagena, loaded with 
 provisions : in (hotr, a fpot at 
 oth>!r tines detefted for its dele- 
 terious qualities, became the fta- 
 ple of r.ches of the old and new 
 world, and the fcene of one of 
 tae moft confiderable branches 
 of commerce in the whole ear h. 
 
 The Ihips being unloaded, and 
 the merchants of Peru, together 
 with th« Prefident of Paunma 
 irrived. the faij- carv;? ur.-*'- ^-- 
 liheration ; and for this purpofe 
 »ne deputies of the feveral par- 
 ties repaired on board the fhi^ be- 
 
 P O R 
 
 longing to the commodore of the 
 galleons, where, in the prefencc 
 of that commander, and the Pre- 
 fident of Panama, the former as 
 patron of the Europeans, and the 
 latter of the Peruvians, the prices 
 of the feveral kinds of merchan- 
 dize were fettled, and the conrrafts 
 were hgned and made public, that 
 eveiy-one might by them regu- 
 late the falc of his effeas ; and 
 by this means all fraud was pre- 
 cluded. The purchdfes and £;les, 
 as well as the exchanges of mo- 
 ney, were tranfaaed by broker* 
 from Spain and Peru. After this 
 every merchant began to difpofe 
 of his own goods, the SpaniA 
 brokers embarked their cherts of 
 money, and thofe of Peru fent 
 away the goods they had pur- 
 chafed by velTels up the rivef 
 Chigre; and thus the fair of 
 Porto- Bel lo ended. 
 
 The harbour of Porto-Bcllo 
 was difcovered on the zd of No. 
 veraber, 1502, by Columbus, who 
 was Co charmed with ns extent, 
 depth, and fccurity, that he called 
 Jt Puerto-Bello, or the Fair Har- 
 bour. Its mouth, though three- 
 quarters of a mile broad, is well 
 defended by Fort St. Philio de. 
 Lodo Hierro, or Iron Caftle, fi- 
 tuated on the NT. point of the en- 
 trance ; for the S. fide being full 
 of rocks, fliips are obliged to 
 keep in the middle, and confe- 
 quently within 660 yards of the 
 cafHe, .vhere there is from 9 to 
 15 fathoms water, and a bo torn 
 of clayey mud mixed with chalk 
 and fand. 
 
 On the fourh fide of the har- 
 bour, and about 20c yards from 
 the town, is a large caftle, called 
 St. Jago de la Gloria, having be- 
 fore it a fmall point of land pro- 
 jeftinp in-o the harbour, and on 
 It IS a fmall fort calleJ St. Jerotn 
 w';_hin zo yirds of the houfes! 
 Ai; t:icjc were (icinoliihed byAd- 
 sniral Vernon, in the year 1759 
 with 6 (hips only. The anchor- 
 ing-place for large (hips is to tho 
 
 
noi'lti-wcfl; of Gloria caAle, rear 
 rhc center of il-.e harbom* ;' but 
 fmall vtflels come farthei* up, 
 faking care to avoid a bank of 
 fend, ftretching o/T 300 yards 
 from St. Jerom's point, there 
 being only a fathom and a half 
 «r * fathoms water on it. North- 
 ^«(i of the (own is a tittle bay, 
 called La Caldcra, ot the Kettle, 
 Having foMr fathoflrts and a half 
 water. 
 
 Among the mountains whifch 
 fiirround the haibour of Porto- 
 leUo, beginning from the Iron 
 Oaftle, and exicndirg to the op- 
 jJofite point, is one particularly 
 remarkable for itsfupcrior height, 
 *nd its being confidered zi the 
 ftaromefer of the country, by 
 foretelHng every change of wea- 
 ttier. This mountain, diftin- 
 ^ifbcd by the name' of Capho, 
 ftantls at the bottom of the hur- 
 bomr in the road to Panama. Its 
 Wp is always covered with va- 
 |k)ttrs of a dcnfity and darknefs 
 icldom fecn in the cfcuds of the 
 a«mofphere ; and from thefe, 
 which are called the CaprNo, or 
 cap, the changes «rf the weather 
 are indicated ; for when thefe 
 Clouds thicken, increafc in their 
 blacknefs, and fink below their 
 cfual ftation, it is a fure fign of 
 a tempeft; while, on the other 
 hand, their dearncfs and afcent 
 as certainly indicate the approach 
 of fair weather. It muft, how- 
 ever, be obfervcd, that thcfc 
 changes are both very frequent 
 and very fubiianeoxis. Nor is 
 the fumtnit hardly ever free from 
 clouds , and when this does hap- 
 pen, it is only as it were for an 
 indant. 
 
 7 he inclemency of ihe climate 
 of Porfo-Beilo is well known. 
 The heat is cxcelHve, being greatly 
 angmented by the fitiution of the 
 town, which is forroundcd wi.h 
 bich mountains, wiihout anv in- 
 terval forthe current of the winds, 
 which would othcrwife refrefh it. 
 The trees on the mountains ftand 
 
 toft 
 
 fo thick, that they Intercept tHc 
 rays of the fun, and confequenily 
 prevent the earth under their 
 branches from being dried : hence 
 copious exhalations, which form 
 latge heavy clouds, and precipi- 
 tate in violent torrents of rainj 
 but thefc are no fooncr over than 
 rh^ fun breaks out afrcft, and 
 Ih nes with his former fplcndor; 
 though before the a^iviiy of his 
 rays has dried the furface of the 
 ground not covered by the trees, 
 the atmofphcre is again clouded 
 with another colle^ion of thick 
 vapours, the fun is again con- 
 cealed, and another torrent of 
 rain fucceeds. In this manner it 
 continues night and day, without 
 any fenlible diminutiofl of the 
 heat. Thefe torrents of raiir, 
 x^•h!ch by the'r fuddennefs and 
 rmpetuofi'y feem to threaten a 
 fccotid dcluffc, are often accom- 
 
 panied with foch tcmpefl's of thun 
 dei- and lightning, as mull teritify 
 the moft intrepid ; efptcially as 
 this dreadful noife is prolonged 
 by rq>ercnffions from the Cavern.* 
 in the mountains, and augmcnrcd 
 by the bowlings and ftaeks of 
 the multitudes of monkeys of alt 
 kinds inhabiting the adjacent fo- 
 refts. 
 
 This continual inclemency of 
 the feafon, added to the fatigue 
 of the feamen in unloading the 
 fliips, carrying the goods on fliore 
 in barges, and afterwards drawing 
 them along on fledges, caufe a 
 very profufe tranfpiration, and 
 confequcntly render them weak 
 and faint; while they, in order 
 to recruit their fpirifs, have re- 
 c^urfe to brandy, of which there 
 ie on thefe occafions an incre- 
 dible confumption. The exccf. 
 five labour, immoderate c'rmk- 
 ing, and the inclemency and un- 
 healthincfs of the climate, iT.iift 
 jointly injure the heft conflitu 
 tions. snd Droduce thsfi 
 
 A^\f 
 
 terious difeafes fo common in 
 this country. But it i.; not the 
 feamen aioiic \\ho are fubjcit to 
 
 I 
 
 thffc difeafc 
 ft rangers to t 
 ct-rncd in tl: 
 attacked by 
 dantly demo 
 caufes of the 
 j-ife in the i 
 climate, thoi 
 and drinking 
 ii)read and in 
 
 The numb 
 
 of Porto-Bel 
 
 inconfiderabli 
 
 )art of thefi 
 
 attocf ; the \ 
 
 onger here tl 
 
 a moderate 1 
 
 retire to Panj 
 
 Provifions 
 Bello, and cor 
 on!y thing in 
 of which thci 
 and extrcmeb 
 bounds in ft 
 •be mifcrabl( 
 country are 
 Frelh water pc 
 from the mo 
 ning Vv'ithout 1 
 croffiog it. T: 
 and digeftivc ; 
 any other pari 
 be valuable, 1 
 cious. The ( 
 curfed bynat 
 in itfclf good 
 for this water, 
 afHve for the 
 liabiidnts, pr 
 the laft fliige c 
 and which th( 
 never recovers 
 
 As the for 
 on the houfc! 
 tigers often m 
 the flreets, dui 
 rying off fow 
 fficftic animal 
 have often fal 
 ravenous creat 
 alfo very num 
 ah!y defrruft'.v 
 be/ of tpads 
 of that kind 
 Wbea It bji* 
 
¥ O R 
 
 thtfe difeafcs : others, who are 
 ft rangers to thefcas,, and not con- 
 ct-rncd in the fatigues, are aifo 
 attacitcd by them ; which abun- 
 dantly demonftrates, that the 
 caufes of thcfe difeafes have their 
 j-ife in the unheakhinefs of the 
 climate, though labour, fatigue, 
 and dricking to excefs, tend to 
 Spread and inflame them. 
 
 The number of the inhabitant? 
 
 of Porto-BcUo is, therefore, very 
 
 inconfiderable, and the greaicft 
 
 )art of thefe negroes and mu- 
 
 attocf ; the whites continuing no 
 
 ongcr here than they can acquire 
 
 a moderate fortune, when they 
 
 retire to Panama to enj -y it. 
 
 Provifions are fcarce at Porto- 
 Bcllo.and conlequentlydear. The 
 only thing in plenty here is fifli, 
 of which there is a great variety, 
 and extremely good. It alfo a- 
 bounds in fugar-canes, fo that 
 •he mifcrable cottages in the 
 country are built with them. 
 Fre(h water pours down in ftrcams 
 from the mountains, fomc run- 
 ning without the town, and others 
 croffiog it. I'hcie waters are light 
 and digeftive ; qualities which in 
 any other part of the world would 
 be valuable, but are here perni- 
 cious. The country feems to be 
 curfed by nature, fo that what is 
 in itfclf good is here deftruftive 5 
 for this water, being too fine and 
 aftiye for the flomachs of the in- 
 liabirjnts, produces dyfenteries, 
 the laft flage of other diftempers, 
 and which the patient feldom or 
 never recovers. 
 
 As the foreft: borders almoft 
 on the houfes of the town, the 
 tigers often make incurfions into 
 the flreets, during the night, car- 
 rying off fowls, dogs, and do- 
 nicftic animals ; even children 
 have often fallen a prey to thefe 
 ravenous creatures. Serpents are 
 alfo very numerous and remark- 
 
 ber of tpads exceeds any-thing 
 of that kind hitherto known. 
 Wtea jt bii tapped JcnQrQ;thiin 
 
 P O R 
 
 common in the night, the ftreetj 
 snd fquarcs in the' morning are 
 paved with ihefe reptiles, fo that 
 you pannot ftep without treading 
 on, them, which is fomctimes pro- 
 duclive of troublefome bites, for, 
 bcftdcs their poifon, they are large 
 enough for their teeth to he fe* 
 verely felt. They are generally 
 about fix inches in length, and 
 their number is fo great, that 
 nothing can be imagined more 
 di mal than their croakings during 
 the night in all parts of th: town, 
 woods, and caverns of the moun- 
 tains. 
 
 Porto- Bello was peopled from 
 Nombre de Dios. a city buih by 
 Diego dc Niquefa at the Baftw 
 memos ; but that place being of* 
 tep luincd by the unconquertd 
 Indians of, Darien, the inhabi- 
 tantJ., by order of Philip II. re 
 moved hither in the year i';84, 
 as a pldce of more fecurity, and 
 at the fame time much better ft. 
 tuated for the commerce of that 
 country. Laf, 9, 34, 35. long. 
 79. 45' 
 
 Porto-Cabbi.o, a maritima 
 town in the province of the Ca- 
 vaccas, in the \V. Indies, which 
 was attacked without fucccfs in 
 1743 by Admiral Knowles It 
 is inhabited chiefly by fifhermen, 
 failors, and faftors ; and is fix 
 leagues from Leon, the capital of 
 the province. 
 
 Porxo-Cavai.o. — See Ca- 
 valo. 
 
 Porto-Rico, one of the 
 Antilles Iflands, belonging to the 
 Spaniards, fuuated 54 mites to the 
 weftw^rd of St, Domingo. It is 
 al>out 120 miles in length from 
 E. to W. and 36 in breadth from 
 N. to S. The middle of the illand 
 lies in lar. 18, 14. It wa^ dif- 
 covcred by Columbus in the year 
 1493, yet it did not atirart the 
 notice of the Spaniards till ^509, 
 who ilien Came in crouds i'lum 
 St. .Domingo. It coft the ,Sp.i- 
 niards a great deal of trouble to- 
 Jj6d^J«;e,=r,, the iajiabita^ts beiu^.a: 
 
 '■ 
 
P O R 
 
 biiive people, extremely fond of 
 liberty. They, however, fucceed- 
 edat lift, and not only conquered, 
 but extirpated the natives to the 
 amount of 600,000 : at prefent it 
 contains no more than 6oco, of 
 whom only 15 or 1600 are Spa- 
 niards, or Mufattoe*. This moun- 
 tainous and unequal iflaod, fub- 
 fert to exrcnive drynefs, as well 
 as very deflrudlive hurricanes, is 
 neverthelcfs fruitful; but its pro- 
 duAions do not exceed the nccef. 
 faries of its lazy inhabitants. 
 
 The rains, which generally ren- 
 der the feafon unhc&lthful, fiill in 
 June, July, and Aug'iid, when the 
 weather would othcrwife be ex- 
 tremely hot. About midAimmer, 
 or the beginning of harveO, vio- 
 lent hurricanes are frequent; when 
 the plants fuflcr greatly by a N.E. 
 wind. From 8 in the morning 
 till 4 in the afternoon, the fea- 
 bi-ecze continues ; but from 6 till 
 8 in the morning, and from 4 to 
 6 in the afternoon, ii is extremely 
 hot. 
 
 The foil, which is beautifully 
 diverfified with woods, hills, val- 
 leys, and plains, is extremely fer- 
 tile, abounding w'th fine mea- 
 dows, well ftocked with wild cat' 
 lie, which were brought original- 
 ly from Spain. A ridge of moun- 
 tains runs through the ifland 
 from E. toW. from whence great 
 numbers of biooks and rivers 
 ifllip, which water the plains, and 
 cloath them with the fincft paf- 
 tures. The fides of the hills are 
 covered with trees of various 
 kinds, proper for building fliips, 
 and oilier ufcful purpofes. But 
 its principal commodities for com- 
 merce are fugar, ginger, a little 
 cotton, thread, ca(na,maflirk, and 
 hides, of which they export only 
 about 2COO per ann. and a few 
 mules, who pafs by ftealth to St. 
 Crui, Jamaica, and to St. Domin- 
 go. The idlenefs of this colony 
 is protcCed by a garril'on of aco 
 men, who, with the priefts end 
 magiftrates, coft the |ovcrnB)enl 
 
 P O R 
 
 50,000 pianeri • year. All the 
 utility accruing to the mother- 
 country from this colony, is to 
 have a place where the fleets it 
 fends to Mexico may get water 
 and refreshments. Great quanti- 
 ties of fait are alfo made on the 
 ifland ; which, with the great va- 
 riety of fine fruits it produces, 
 adds greatly to the value of its 
 exports. 
 
 Porto Rico, or St. John de 
 Por'o Rico, the capital of the 
 ifland of the fame name, is fiiuated 
 in a fmall ifland on the N. fide of 
 the ifland of Porto Rico, to which 
 it is joined by a caufey, running 
 acrofs the harbour, which is very 
 cap.ncious, and where the lartelt 
 fliips may lie with the utmoft 
 i'lfety It is the fee of a bifhop, 
 large, well-built, and as badly in- 
 habited as moft Spanift) cities, and 
 is the center of the contraband 
 trade carried on by the Englifli 
 And French with the fubjc£ls of 
 Spain, notwithrtanding the j'eve- 
 rity of the luws, and extraordi- 
 nary precautions taken to prevent 
 it. On the S. W. fide of the 
 city is a very ftrong citadel, called 
 St. Anthony, which at once com- 
 mands and defends it ; while the 
 mouth of the harbour is protcfled 
 by a large, well- fortified cartle. 
 In the year 1595 Sir Fra. Drake 
 burned all the fliips in the har- 
 bour ; but finding it impofliblc to 
 keep the place without abandon- 
 ing all his other dcfigns, he did 
 not attempt to make himfelf maf- 
 tcr of it. Thrte years alter, the 
 Earl of Cumberland reduced the 
 ifland, and had fome thoughts of 
 keeping it ; but lofing 400 mtn in 
 the fpace of a month, by a conta- 
 gious difeafe, he was glad to de- 
 part, carrying away with liini 70 
 pieces of crnnon, and an in- 
 menfc booty in plate. In 161J 
 the Dutch lent a flrong fleet a- 
 gainft Porto Rico, but with no 
 great fucccfs ; for they only tcok 
 and plundered the city, not being 
 able to reduce the cafUe. 1'he 
 
 city of St. J I 
 lies in lat. 18 
 
 Porto d 
 fea-port towi 
 coaft of Cul 
 of the Havan 
 of Baracoa. 
 large and rlc 
 taken by Ca| 
 his buccaneei 
 liltance, it ne 
 Near it arc fu\ 
 tiimcn. Lat.! 
 
 Po R.T-RO 
 
 at the moutl 
 fimc name, 
 confiding of 1 
 excellent Ijn 
 i?e;mrort (land 
 Bf^iiifoft. Lat. 
 
 Po RT-Ro' 
 
 South-Carolin 
 the northward 
 It has a boU 
 feet on the 
 This harbour 
 00s, and fafa 
 the river runs 
 ful cnintry, 
 others ill this 1 
 of Port-Royn] 
 preceding arl 
 moiirli of it. 
 
 1^0 RT-Ro^ 
 
 C3plt4 of the 
 litiiated on fl 
 narrow neck a 
 wards the fcii. 
 border of a v 
 of its own na 
 boiir above 
 could anchor 
 convenience at 
 wa'cr was fo 
 Port-Royal, t 
 grcvtcd 'buidc 
 broadfides to tl 
 or unload with 
 finHJi expencc. 
 had Inch weigh 
 tnnts, that the 
 this fpot for til 
 the place was 
 which did not ] 
 otceliaries of 
 
r. All the 
 >e mother, 
 lony, it to 
 )e fleeti it 
 ' get water 
 cat qutiitU 
 ide on the 
 ie great v«. 
 t produces, 
 ilue of its 
 
 5t. John (?e 
 (al of (he 
 
 :, igfiiuated 
 ; N. fide of 
 0, to which 
 f, running 
 ich is very 
 the lar^elt 
 he utmoft 
 f a bifhop, 
 .» badly in- 
 i cities, and 
 contraband 
 he Englifh 
 fubjc£ls of 
 5 the feve- 
 
 extraordi* 
 
 to prevent 
 de of the 
 add, called 
 once com- 
 
 whilc the 
 s protcd^ed 
 ficd caHle. 
 Fra. Drake 
 1 the har- 
 ipofliblc to 
 : abandon- 
 is, he did 
 nnfelf maf- 
 
 nlter, the 
 rduccd the 
 loughts of 
 oo mtn in 
 
 fr a conta- 
 ad to de- 
 ih him 70 
 d an itr.- 
 In i6ii 
 jg flfft a- 
 t with no 
 only tcok 
 not being 
 ;k. The 
 
 P O R 
 
 city of St. Juan de Porfo Rico 
 lic-8 in lat. 18, 20. long. 65, 35. 
 
 Porto del I'rimcii'k, a 
 fea-Dort town on the northern 
 coa(t of Cuba, 300 miles S, K. 
 of the Havanna, and 1S6 N. W. 
 of Baracoa. It was formerly a 
 large and rich town, but being 
 taken by Captain Morgan, with 
 his buccaneers, after a l\o\yt rc- 
 liltance, it never recovered itlelf. 
 Near it arc fovcral fountains of bi- 
 tumen. Lat. 20,55. lonp. 75, 7,7. 
 
 PoR.T-Ror Al"., a fmail ifland 
 at the mouth of a river of tlic 
 fimc name, in South -Carolina, 
 confiCHng of about 1000 acres of 
 excellent Ijnd. The town of 
 iVaul'ort (lands in this ifland. Sec 
 Bf^irifort. Lat. 3a,a3. long. 79, i^. 
 
 ToRT-RoYAL, a fine river in 
 South-Carolina, nbout 15 miles to 
 the northward of the river May. 
 It has a bold entrance, and 17 
 feet on the bar at low water. 
 This harbour is large, commodi- 
 ous, and fafs for (hipping, and 
 the river runs through a fine fruit- 
 ful cnmtry, preferable to moft 
 others in this colony. The ifland 
 of Port-Roynl, mentioned in the 
 preceding article, lies at the 
 moiifh of it. 
 
 PoRT-RoVAl,, anciently the 
 C3pit^l of the ifland of Jamaica, 
 litiiated on flie very point of a 
 narrow neck of land, which, to- 
 wards the fea, formed part of^ the 
 border of a vry noMe harhonr 
 of its own name. In this har- 
 bour above 1000 f.iil of fliips 
 could anchor with the grcatcfl 
 convenience and fafcty ; and the 
 wa-cr was {o dcpp at the key of 
 Poit-Royal, that veflels of the 
 grcvtcd burden could lay their 
 broadfides to tlie wharfs, and load 
 or unload with litde trouble, and 
 fmHll expencCi This convenience 
 had Inch weii;ht with the inhahi- 
 tnnts, that they made choice of 
 tills fpot for their c-ipitai, though 
 tbe place was a hot dry fand, 
 whicl) did not produce one of the 
 neceliaries of life, ixor even .1 
 
 P O R 
 
 drop of frefh water. However, 
 its advantageous fituation, and th« 
 refort of the pirates, loon render- 
 ed it a very conhderablc place. It 
 contained ae>oo houfes, very hand- 
 fomely built, and ai high-rented 
 as thofe of London. In ftiort, 
 few places in the world could be 
 compared to this town for trade, 
 wealth, and entire corruption of 
 manners. In this flourifhing ftate 
 it continued till the 9th of Junc^ 
 1692, when a dreadful earth4Uake, 
 which feemcd to ftiakc the very 
 foundations of the ifland, over- 
 whelmed Pon-Royal, and buried 
 nine tenths of it 8 fathoms under 
 wate--. They, however, rebuilt the 
 town after this dcftniiftivc Ibock ; 
 hut about 10 years after it was 
 laid in afhes by a terrible fire, 
 Notwithftanding this lecond ca- 
 taflrophe, the extraordinary con- 
 venience of the harbour tempted 
 them to rebuild it again. But in 
 the year 17*2 one of the molt 
 dreadful hurricanes ever known 
 reduced it a third time to a heap 
 of rubbifh. Warned by thcfe* 
 extraordinary calamities, which 
 feemcd to mark out this place as a 
 fpot devoted to deflrutftion, the 
 cuftom-houfe and public offices 
 were removed, by an aft of the 
 aflembly, and no market AifTcrcd 
 to be hehl there for the future. 
 The harbour, joining to the bay 
 of Kingfton, is now verylarge and 
 deep : it is the ftation of our fleet 
 in the time of peace, and has a 
 good careening place ; but when 
 there is a war with Spain the fleet 
 is fhtioncd at Point Negril, the 
 W. end of the ifland. On the 
 extremity of the neck of land is 
 Fort Charles, mounted with 126 
 guns, which defend the entrance 
 of the harbour. Port- Royal, at 
 prefent, I'.'-- only 3 flrcets, and z 
 or } lanjs, ith about 200 houfci, 
 Lat. 17, 40. long. 75, 52. 
 
 Port-Roy A I., a town in Ca- 
 roline county, Virginia, on the 
 S. fide of Rappahanock-River, 20 
 miles E.of f rcdcrickiburg, 14 W, 
 
POT 
 
 ef Leeds, and 93 N. E. of Wil- 
 liiitnlburg. 
 
 Portsmouth, a fea-port 
 town in the county of Carteret, 
 in North-Carolina. It is fituated 
 on Curc-banli, on the N. end, 
 near Occacoke inlet, having Pam- 
 tico-found to the N. and W. the 
 Atlantic to tlie E. and the re- 
 mainder of Core-bank to the W. 
 
 Portsmouth, a town in 
 Rhode-Iflaid, (ituated near its N. 
 end, 5 miles S. E. of Brirtol, and 
 is a flourilhing place. 
 
 Portsmouth, a new town 
 building in Fiincc Rupcits-bay, 
 in the iflind ot Dominica, be- 
 tween the Salt-works and coa(K 
 
 Portsmouth, a town in Vir- 
 ginia, lately dcftroycd by the Kri- 
 tifli forces under Lord Diinmore. 
 
 Portsmouth, one of the 
 principal towns of the govcrn- 
 iticnr of New-IIamp(hire, a pro- 
 vince of the colony of New- 
 lEngland, fituated in the harbour 
 of Pi(kata4uc, 60 miles N. of 
 fiofton, the chief town of the 
 province, where the courts arc 
 held, and where the governor re- 
 fjdes. Lat. 43, aa. long. 70, 35. 
 
 Port St. John, a fmall town 
 in the province of Nicaragua, in 
 New-Spain, fituated at the mouth 
 of a river on the coaft of the 
 ^uth-Sea, 30 miles N. W. fiom 
 l.eon,* to which city it is the 
 port-town. '1 he harbour is fafe 
 and capacious, and formerly the 
 Spanilh (hips intenc'ed for the 
 South-Sea were built htrc. Lati- 
 tude 12, 10. long. 87, 38. 
 
 PoTowMACK,a river of winch 
 
 one of its branciies has its riii: in 
 
 tlie Fn.Ucfs Mountains, where, 
 
 by a (hort porterage, it has com- 
 
 uiuniciition witij the Ohio, and 
 
 in the late w ar was the cliief con- 
 
 V. yance of the heavy baggage to 
 
 1; 01 1 Cumberland, as well as fup- 
 
 plies to Pittft)»irg. It has another 
 f -1. -.u:-i. :- r.._--xr..4 :.. 
 
 principal, that rifes in Pcnfylva- 
 nui, and empties iil'clf into Chc- 
 fji-ok-Uay. 
 
 PRO 
 
 Prickly Pear, one of th« 
 fmaller Virgin-Idands, in the W. 
 Indies, fituated near the northern 
 coaft of Virgin- Gorda, on which 
 it is dependant. Long. 63, 10. 
 lat 18, 25. 
 
 Princiss-Ann, a fmnll town 
 in the county of WorceAer, in 
 the eadern divifion of Maryland. 
 
 pROVinsNCK, a fmall plarMa. 
 tion belonging to the govern mciit 
 of Rhode - 1 Hand, fird founded 
 by Mr. Roger Williams, paOor 
 of a church of Brownifls, in 
 Mafiiichulcts-Btty; but being ba- 
 nirticd by the magillrates for his 
 preaching and principles, he was 
 folloivcd by a conliiierable num- 
 brr of people, and fettled at a 
 place without the government ; 
 and to this fcttlfment he gave the 
 name of Providence, where he 
 lived above 40 years, and behaved 
 fo well that he regained the good 
 opinion of his countrymen, was 
 recommended to the favour of the 
 Maniichufels government by feme 
 of the Englirti nobility, wrote a- 
 gainft the principles and pra^ices 
 of the Quakers, was diligent in 
 the conveifion of the Indians, 
 and very fcrviceable in obtaining 
 a charter for the government of 
 Rhode-Ifland. 'I his plantation 
 is a diOrid of about ao miles 
 f^uare, f^^parated from Conncdi' 
 cut on the W. by an imaginary 
 line drawn from N. t > S. and fiom 
 MaflachuCcts by another imagi- 
 nary line drawn from £. to W. 
 See Khode-ljlatid. 
 
 pRoviDENcl, the capital of 
 the plantation of its own name, 
 in Rhodc-Ifland colony, fituattd 
 near the mouth of the river Pa- 
 tuxit, 4 miles W. of Rchobotli, 
 and about 9 miles N. of War- 
 wick. It is tolerably large, full 
 of inhabitants, and in a very 
 flourilhing condition. Lat.4i,5S< 
 long. 71,29 
 
 
 recQnd with 
 
 regard to magnitude, of the Ba- 
 hama -Iflands. It is about 36 
 luiles in length, and x8 in brcadthi 
 
 and !s now 1 
 
 Governor, at 
 
 lw\. It lid i 
 
 hnn.lrerls of 
 
 of them vcr 
 
 no bi^jgcr tli 
 
 riling uliove 
 
 water. The i 
 
 ifland was Ab; 
 
 v.ho was twic 
 
 called it the f 
 
 name, and tli 
 
 Providence, \ 
 
 tinues. Its cl 
 
 irotn the misf 
 
 tl:at are driver 
 
 making wintct 
 
 tirunt of Am 
 
 put In for pro 
 
 which they art 
 
 didrcfs. The | 
 
 ch.ilie here are 
 
 and laid up in 
 
 purpofe 5 the i 
 
 tie elfe than li 
 
 ft let t<i- wood, V 
 
 ver to C.irolin; 
 
 and Indian wli 
 
 fit to gather in 
 
 latter in 12. F 
 
 arc found in th 
 
 the coaft; and 
 
 .the ifland are 
 
 trees and plan 
 
 hirbour in thii 
 
 dangeious by 
 
 there is not ib 
 
 Indeed the wh( 
 
 gcrous, not 01 
 
 the ftrcngili a 
 
 tions of its cu 
 
 found the ex] 
 
 but alfo by the 
 
 lea, the frequ 
 
 though fliort, { 
 
 liijhtning, and 
 
 to threaten the 
 
 world ; to f«y i 
 
 roeks that lie 
 
 ♦cred, fome al 
 
 *ith, and oth< 
 
 face of the wnt? 
 
 obftaclcs to the 
 
 nations, that tl 
 
 the Bahama . I 
 
PRO 
 
 and U now ihe refidencc of tht 
 Governor, at the Town of N.if. 
 ^|U. It lici in the cciitrr of Ibmc 
 hmi.lrcrls of other iflinds, fame 
 of them very large, and othtri 
 no bi^;gcr thjn rocks or knolU 
 riling aliove the liirfacc of the 
 water. The ancient name of ihi» 
 ifland wa»Abacoat hut Mr.Saylc, 
 v.ho was twic>! call away upon it, 
 called it the firft time by his own 
 name, and the ftcond by thnt of 
 Providence, which it (fill con- 
 tinues. Its chief commerce arifea 
 ijom the miifortunc of thoCc Ibips 
 that are driven on its coalt, or. In 
 tnaking winter voyages to the con- 
 lifunt of America, arc forced to 
 put In for provilioni, for want of 
 which tl)ey ar« frecjucntly in great 
 didrcfs. The provilions they pur- 
 chife here are fcnt from Carolina, 
 and laid np in fbrehoufci for that 
 purpofe; the ifland producing lit- 
 tie fife than limes, iJlt, and Bra- 
 filelttJ-wood, which they carry o- 
 ver to C.irolina. They Tow peafe 
 and Indian wlicat; the former arc 
 fit to gather in 6 weeks, and the 
 latter in ij. FiJh of various kinds 
 arc found in the utmod plenty on 
 the coaft; and In fome parti of 
 .the ifland are vaft numbers of 
 trees and plants. The principal 
 harbour in this ifland is rendered 
 dangcious by a bar, on which 
 there is not ibovc i6 feet water, 
 Indeed the whole coaft is fo dan- 
 gerous, not only on account of 
 the ftrengli and various direc- 
 tions of its currents, which con- 
 found the experteft navigators, 
 but alfo by the roughncfs of ihe 
 I", the frequent and dreadful, 
 though fliort, ftorms of thunder, 
 liijhtning, and rain, which feem 
 to threaten the difFolution of. the 
 world ; to f«y nothing of the vaft 
 rocks that lie every where fcat- 
 ♦'-•red, fome above, fome level 
 *ith, and others below the fur- 
 face of the wntef; Thrfs are fv.ch 
 obftacles to the adventurers of all 
 nations, that they never approach 
 the Bahama . Iflands, but when 
 
 I 
 
 VtJ E 
 
 driven on them by ftrefs of we»* 
 I her, or to procure a fupply of 
 rovifions and water. Frovidenco 
 lei in the lat. of 15, long, 77, 30, 
 rnovtOENci;, an ifl.ind in tho 
 North-Sea, near the co^lk of Hon- 
 diras, in NeW-Spain. It is a* 
 bout II milts ill length, and 4 in 
 brt-adth, but not inhabited. It 
 was much crlobrated in the hifto- 
 ly of the buccamcrs, who forii- 
 fi-id it, and made it for fome time 
 • heii- principal retreat. Its nor* 
 tlifrly point is called St. Catha- 
 rinc's-ifland, is fcparated from iha 
 main body by a narrow channel, 
 over which the buccaneers built 
 a bridge. Notwithftanding the 
 fmallncfi of this ifljnd,vlt may 
 be confidered as one of the belt 
 in the Weft-Indics, both for its 
 fruitfulncfs and the falubrity of 
 its air; to which we may add, the 
 facility of fortifyincr its Aorei* 
 It has plenty of frclh water, and 
 al)Oiinds with pigeons, and has no 
 ferpent, or other venomous rep- 
 tile found there. Lat. 13, %6, 
 long. 80, 5. 
 
 Province, a fmall village near 
 Cape-Cod harbour, at the N. ex- 
 tremity of Barnllaplc county, Ply. 
 mouthy Colony, New - England, 
 where is a carrying. place. 
 
 Prudince-Island, in Nir- 
 ragaufz-t-Bay, Rhode-Ifland. It 
 is about 5 mil.s long from N. to 
 S. but triangular, being near i 
 broad at one end, and above 3 at 
 the other. Its N. end is about 
 5 miles from Briftol. 
 
 PUEBLA LA VlGA, OUCe 3. 
 
 famous place in the province of 
 Guatimala, in New-Spa-n, three 
 leagues above Realego; but hav- 
 ing been feveral times taken, the 
 Bifhop publilhcd an excommuni- 
 cation againft it, in conformity to 
 which it was totally def^rtcd, and 
 has never fince been rebuilt, 
 
 PUEBLA DE LOS AnGELOS, 
 
 the prcfcnt capital of the province 
 of Tlafcdla, or Los Angelos, ia 
 McKico, fituated in the road horn 
 Vera Cruz to Mexico, 130 leagues 
 
QJJ E 
 
 Q^U E 
 
 from the former, and 60 from the 
 litter. 'Mic biiildiiiKS arc in ge- 
 neral of Hone, lofiy and elegant; 
 anri the (hecti, which arc broad, 
 cicun, and regular, crofs each o- 
 ther at right-unelc*. In the cen- 
 ter of the city i« a large fquare, 
 faid to be equaJ, if not fuptrior, 
 to that of Mexico. It is adorned 
 on three fules wiih uniform porti- 
 cos, where arc fhops filled wiili 
 all kir.ds of ricli commodities t 
 and on the oihir is its grand ca- 
 thedral, which has a very beauti- 
 ful front, and two lofty towers, 
 all built of ftone, and in the mo- 
 dcrn tafle. It is now the fee of a 
 bi/hon, which was tranflated hi- 
 ther from Tlalcala. Belides the 
 Cathedral there ai« fcveral other 
 churches and convcntu, well-built, 
 and finely adorned ; the bcft fchs 
 in thf country are made in this 
 city, which has alfo a mint and a 
 glafs-houfe. The clergy of this 
 city are {0 exceiBve rich, that I hi 
 Biinop's revenue alone is 140,000 
 piaftci^ per 8ir.i. The houfes are 
 compu'ed at about 16 or 1700, 
 and the families at about loco. 
 A fmall river runs through the 
 town, and the adjacent valley pro- 
 duces vines, and all forts of En* 
 ropean fruitJ. Several forts of 
 HTiineral wafers are alfo found in 
 its neighbourhood. Lat. 19, 55. 
 Ion?.. 1 10, 3. 
 
 PuRRTSBURG, a fcttlcment 
 on the Nr fide of the river Sa- 
 vannah, in Granville county, the 
 d'flrirt of Beaufort, in Souh-Ca- 
 rolma, 89 miles S. W. of Charles- 
 Town. It has its name from 
 Monlieur Purry, a gcntJeman of 
 N«?ufcluicl, who being encouraged 
 hy the government, both in Eng- 
 land and Carolina, undertook to 
 fettle a colony of Swiizers here. 
 See Cranv'tlk Cauvty. Purryiburg 
 lies in the lat. of 32, 15. long. 81. 
 
 Q 
 
 Uebec, the capital of Ca- 
 nada, fitiiated at the con- 
 fluence ut the rivers ot' &. 
 
 I,aurence and St. Charles, on the 
 N. fide of the former, and about 
 III leagues from the fca. The 
 bafon is very fpacious, being fi.f. 
 ficient to contain 100 fail of nun 
 of war of the line. I'he river 
 St. Laurence, which is about 4 
 leagues wide above the town, here 
 (hrinksitfelf at oncctoihcbreadih 
 of a fingle mile, and on this ac- 
 count the city was called Quebec, 
 which, in the language of the 
 Indians. of that country, fignifies 
 a Ihrinking or growing narrower. 
 The firft objeit that (aiutei the 
 eye in failing np to the town is a fine 
 cafcade, called by the French the 
 Leap of Montmorency, Ikuated at 
 the entraucc of the httle channel 
 of the ifland of Orleans, which 
 is aboJt 40 feet high, and 30 
 broad, though caufcd only by the 
 fall of an inconfiderable brook. 
 A little above this cafcade the 
 city of Quebec is fituated, on the 
 narrowcft part of the river ; but 
 betv^een it inA the ifle of Orleani 
 is a fpacious bafon, extending a 
 league every way, and into this 
 baion the river St. Charles dif- 
 charges its waters, fo that Quebec 
 is fituated between that river and 
 Cape Diamond, a lofty promon- 
 tory. The harbcur, which facts 
 the town, is fafc and commodi- 
 ous, and the wator about 25 fa- 
 thom deep. At the time when 
 the city was founded, in 1608, 
 the tide reached the foot of the 
 rock; but fince that time the ri- 
 ver has -fimk lo fur, that a large 
 fi'Ot of grour d is Jcft dry, and on 
 this a large fuburb is built, called 
 the Lower- Town, Aihich (lands at 
 the foot of a rocky precipice, a- 
 bout 48 feet hiolu The hcufes 
 in the Lower-town arc of ftone, 
 llrong, well-built, and oKitfiy in- 
 habited by merchants, for the con- 
 venicncy of their trade. It con- 
 tains la or 15000 inhabitants. 
 The fortification* are extenfive, 
 but far from being regular; tiio' 
 the place, from its fituation, is 
 capable of making a (tout dcfciicfi 
 
 < 
 
 if attacked i 
 vcr, at thei 
 the works r 
 while they 
 fcr greatly f 
 bombs from 
 The Lower- 
 a platform, 
 nions, whic 
 fpring-tides. 
 the furface 
 tie above the 
 is a half-ba 
 rock ; a littl 
 tery; and hi] 
 the mofl reg 
 fications, and 
 nor refides. 
 form a com 
 thefc works. 
 The rock \ 
 itpper from 1 
 tends itfelf, ; 
 bold and fte( 
 way to the 
 rivet St. Lai! 
 The LJpp« 
 buiHt, and s 
 edifices, as c 
 p.'cially thut 
 courts of jutt 
 Hofpitalters, 
 ing of fquan 
 co(t 40,000 
 nafteries, nu 
 which woul< 
 roomfodefcii 
 ftrufture of 1 
 lice, where t 
 where the G 
 colony, whil 
 hands of the 
 all the royal 
 The cathedra 
 building, »i 
 choir, painti! 
 all in- a me: 
 thing beastif 
 is very large 
 fo.advantageo 
 feet) alt a grea 
 »?»*is^ry sHu i 
 in a better ta 
 fini/hed^ h^ivi 
 -fanwd by hn 
 
CLUE 
 
 which 
 
 if attacked by lliips from the ri- 
 ver, at their guns cannot injme 
 the wnrki of the Upper-Town, 
 while they themfdvcs mu(l dif- 
 fer greatly from the cannon and 
 bombs from thcfc lofty ramparts. 
 The Lower-Town is defended by 
 a pUtforin, flanked wiih two ba- 
 fiions, which at high wafer and 
 fprinjr-tidei are almoft level with 
 the Airfare of the water. A lit- 
 tle above the baOion, to the right, 
 is a half-baftion, cut out of the 
 rock ; a little higher a large bat- 
 tery ; and higher aill a fquare fort, 
 the mod regular of ail the forti- 
 fications, and in which the Gover- 
 nor rcfide*. The paiFdges which 
 form a communication between 
 thcfc works, are extremely rugged. 
 The rock which feparitea the 
 Upper from the Lower Town, ex- 
 tends itfelf, ai>d continues, with a 
 bold and fteep front, a conlldcra- 
 way to the weftward, along the 
 rivet St. Laurence. 
 
 The Uppcr-rown is alfo we!l- 
 built, and abounds with noble 
 edifices, as churches, palaces, cf- 
 p.cialfy thut of the bilhop ; the 
 courts of julHce, the hjufc of the 
 Holpitailers.which is a noble build- 
 ing of fquarc fto*ie, faid to have 
 co(t 4.0,000 livres ; feveral roo- 
 nafteries, nunneries, chapefs. &c. 
 which would take up too much 
 room fo defcribe. But the noblc-ft 
 (Iruflure of the whole i$ the pa- 
 lace, where the Governor refides, 
 where the Grand Council of the 
 colony, while Quebec was in the 
 hands of the French, and where 
 all the royal ftores arc depofited. 
 The cathedral" is rather a clumiey 
 building, and its architeifture, 
 choir, painting, and carving, are 
 all in a mean »afte*i The ofily 
 thing beastiful is its tower, whkh 
 is very large an* welUbmlt, 'and 
 fo.advantagdott^v lituatcdas to he 
 fecti ait a great dillance. Th6 fe- 
 ■W'.iiTry srsu CiOiiEcfs are dcngncd 
 in a better taftc, but were never 
 fini/hed, having been twice con- 
 -funwd by iire, ;naflwly, ia 1^63, 
 
 Q^U E 
 
 and 1705. The chapter • houff, 
 once a famous edifice, was alfb 
 confumed, fa that the communi- 
 ty had hardly room for lodging!, 
 Befides the Lower Town abov9 
 mentioned, theie it another be- 
 yond the Upper Town, fituated 
 on the banks of the river St, 
 Charles, which are decorated with 
 country- feats and hoafes of piea- 
 fure, gardens and orchards, that 
 river flowing in beautifi?! mean- 
 ders through a fpacious plain. 
 There is another fort that (tands 
 on the brow of a rugged hill, 
 about 40 fathoms above the town ; 
 but is an Irregular fortification, 
 having no ditch towards the city. 
 There is alfo another fort, called 
 Diamant, or Fort of Cape Dia» 
 mant ; a very confiderable place 
 both for ftrength and beauty. 
 Befides thefc there are alfo fe- 
 veral other fortifications, which 
 add to the flrength of the place. 
 Cape Diamant, which is a folid 
 rock, 400 fathoms high, owes its 
 name to a vaft number of fine 
 Ifonss f'nmd on it, fomeof which 
 want only the hardnefs of the 
 diamond to make them pafs for 
 fuch. The Jefuits here, as in 
 moft places, were bed accommo- 
 dated ; their church fine and large, 
 though the convent is fmall ; but 
 both are well built, and advan- 
 tageoufly fituated in the Upper 
 Town: their garden is krge and 
 well planted, and at the end of 
 if a plcafant little copfe. Though 
 the principal flruftures are in the 
 Upper Town, from its being ori- 
 ginally the only place, yet the 
 Lower Town has greatly the ad- 
 vantage, the former fl-andirug fo- 
 t very hleak, that the eoid i» double 
 to whit it is in the latter. Befides- 
 tMs, the Lower Town has plenty 
 'of water, which- is fomclime* 
 • fcarce in the Upper Town. This 
 city, the capital of Canada', was 
 bciieged by ihe Engtifh in 1711, 
 when they were repul fed j btu: it 
 was Taken in Scpteml)er, 1739, by 
 the army ur-'-r the cofnoiaiid&£ 
 
 i , 
 
RAP 
 
 Litnt. G*n. Wolff, who ftr\{he4 
 in the glorious con^ueft ; and with 
 Ih^ reft poflc/Tcd by the Engliih. 
 ft—U wal bcfiegcd by th« provin- 
 eiali in December, 1775, who 
 were re^ulfcd with confider»^ie 
 lofi, bchdes the death of Otn. 
 Montgornery. Quebec liec ftl the 
 lat. of 46, 55. long. 69, ^%, 
 
 QUKIiNfiBQ noUQH, « tOWO 
 
 in |he couiuy of H>ilif»Xt ii) the 
 {ifovince of Georgia. 
 
 Q_u s E n's-Towh, a fmail 
 iQVvn in a county of Talbot, in 
 fhe eadern divifion of Maryland. 
 5 miles from Kent iiland. 
 
 Queen's Cou^TY, in New- 
 Ifoik, comprcheods ih« N. Tide 
 «f Long llUn4. 
 
 QUESNp, foRT Du, a for- 
 tificiition cre^ed by the Mar<)uis 
 .du Quefne, on the banks of ihe 
 xivcr Phio, in the territorie» qf 
 Pe^fylvania, aja miles W, of 
 Philadelphia. About 9 miles 
 from this fort, Gen. Braddock's 
 army was d'fcated, and .ini/elf 
 flain, OK the 9th of July, 1755. 
 Jt was, however, afterwards taken 
 in the year 1760, fince which the 
 foitiflcatioos have been grestiy 
 augmented, r.nd its name changed 
 into Pittfburg. Lat. 46, 11. 
 
 i«>n«- 79. 57' 
 
 Quivi^, a province in Cali> 
 
 ibrnia, very thin of inhabitants, 
 
 and thofq v«ry barbarous. It is 
 
 little known, but lies between 
 
 30 and 35 degrees of latitude. 
 
 RAP NOR, a fmall town of 
 PLiladelphia county, in 
 Penfylvania. |t is well built, 
 \ery pleafantly fituated, and con* 
 tains about 80 families. 1^ ere is 
 a congregation of the church of 
 England. It was originalfy called 
 Amftcl by the Dutch, who be- 
 gan building here. 
 
 Rappahanock River, a 
 large river of Virginia, rifing in 
 
 RE A 
 
 of Ihe blue ridge of the Apa!c> 
 chian mountains ; and, after a 
 courf'e of al>oiit ijo miles, falU 
 intoChefapeak'Bay, iii lat. 37, 35, 
 It is very hoad, deep, and navi- 
 gable, above 4c niiks from its 
 mouth. 
 
 Rappahanock County, r 
 diyifiun of Virginia, /bmctimes 
 called Kflcx County. It lies on 
 the b.in|cs of the river of the lame 
 name, and contains 140,920 acres, 
 and 3 parifhrs. Part ot ihc great 
 fwamp or bog, called Dragon- 
 fwamp, lies in this county, Ic 
 is 60 miles Jong, and covered 
 with briars and thorns, which 
 afibrd a fccurc retreat for uild 
 beaHs, the place bein)> ttlmod in- 
 acceilible to the inhabitants. The 
 fouth iide of this county is wa^ 
 tered by a navigable river, called 
 Mattapayne, the weftern branch 
 of York river. 
 
 Rarjtam Riven, a fine na- 
 vigable river of New Jcr/ey^ fuIi. 
 ling into Simdy-hook bay« 1 he 
 town of Ferth-Amboy Itands at 
 its mouth.— Sec PeTth-Anihoy. 
 
 Rattan Island . — bee /(«- 
 atan Iftand. 
 
 RAYNHAM,an inland town 
 in- Briftol county, Plymouth Co- 
 lony, New-England, 3 miles N. 
 of Taunton, on the river Rayn-. 
 ham, 25 miles S. from BoClon. 
 
 RiAO's Bay, a road for (hips 
 in the ifland of Barbadoes, about 
 midway between Hole-town and 
 Speight's-town. It is about half 
 a mile over, but more in depth. 
 Ships may anchor here very fafcly, 
 there being from 6 to iz fathom 
 wati^r, the ground a foft ou^e, 
 and be defended from all winds, 
 except the well, which blows right 
 into the bay. Lat. 13, 7. long. 
 
 59. 47- . 
 
 R £ 4 P I N G> a pretty, popnlouj, 
 
 well-built town in the county ef 
 Middlefe^, M>)flichnfrts.- Bay, 5 
 miles Ei, of Wilmington, corn- 
 modioufly lituated on the banifs 
 of a large lake, and has two millfi 
 one i%\ grinding com} aod litC 
 
R E A 
 
 other for f4wing dctil- boards, large 
 ijiiantitici of which are ftiit to 
 tiic Weft-India I/lauas. I.at.4a, 
 40, long. 71. 
 
 KiADiNO, A town in Berks 
 county, Penfylvania, fitimtcd on 
 the Schuylkill river, 12 miles 
 S. E. from Middleton, and la 
 N. E. from Adam's Town. 
 
 RzALKOo, a town in thti pro- 
 vince of Nic4ra£ua, in New Sp.iin, 
 fitiittcd in a plain, on the wlltrn 
 bank of a river of the Tame namr, 
 nctr it* influx into the South Sea, 
 30 miles K.W. of Leon, to which 
 it fcrves as an harbour. The ri- 
 ver at this town is deep and ca- 
 pacious, capable of receiving 200 
 fdil of /hi(r« ; and the l>iip$ in- 
 tended fgr the tJouth Seas were 
 feme years ago built hero. There 
 are large intrenchments for de- 
 fending the town, and very fine 
 docks for building and repairing 
 fljips i hut the place h.'S fijtfercd 
 confidcrably from the biiccunecrs. 
 It is a pretty hrge town, has 3 
 churches, and an hofpital fur- 
 rounded by a very fine garden ; 
 but the place is ijckly, from the 
 creeks and iViukiiig Iwamps in its 
 neighbourhood. Jts chiet trade 
 is in pilch, tar, and cordage, for 
 which it is the nioft noted place 
 in all Spanjih America. The ad- 
 jucqnt country is wcU w^teied 
 with rivers, Mvhsrcof that which 
 ruijs.intp this harbour has eight 
 branches, wjiereby goods are car- 
 ried 10 and from the villages, 
 farms,, and fugar-pUntations, be- 
 longing to the inhabitants of 
 L«on and other towHr. Dampier 
 fays, the Jand here is the mofl 
 remarkable of any on all the 
 coaft, therjc being a higli burning 
 raoqntain,«alled the Old Volcano, 
 feven leagjufij up the country, and 
 may be feen. ao leagoes at f«a. 
 Tht crcifk which lead* to Leon 
 «s on the ibuihrcaft fide of thfi 
 harbour : but the iaxids on hivih 
 fides of ,i|t are fo. low, that they 
 are overflowed every tide, atid ft> 
 tbiclt.wiih maagcovc^ttces, as to 
 
 R H O 
 
 be almoft impaliabJe. The port, 
 however, is the moft frequeuted 
 by (hipping of any between Aca- 
 pulco and Panama, fliipa coming 
 to it from all parts of the South 
 Seas. At the mouth of the har- 
 bour is an iilanil, which brcafci 
 olT the fea, and renders it fafe 
 and commodious. Ihiji iflanJf 
 by lying in the mouth of th« 
 harbour, forms two cltaniieU ; 
 but that on the north-well fid( 
 is much the bcft. Lat. i», 17, 
 long. 87, 36. 
 
 RcDONDo, a rock between 
 Monferrat and Nevis, Caribbee 
 IHands. It is altout a leagne in 
 circuit, of a round form, wher« 
 is neither culture or inhabitantSi 
 Long. 61, 35. lat. 17, 6. 
 
 RtKM8-TowN, in Lancaffcr 
 county, Penfylvania, on a branch 
 of ilie grea Coneftogo creek, 
 which runs into theSufquchannah 
 river. It is ix miles S. W. of 
 Reading ; j miles N. E. of Eu- 
 phrata, ao from l.ancafter, and 
 loS.of Newmanftown. 
 
 Re HOBO TH, a town in Briflol 
 county, in Ne* England, fettled 
 about I 30 years ago, by a num- 
 ber of Englilh families, who, 
 being ftraiiened for room at Wey* 
 mouth, removed hither, and cal- 
 led the place Rehoboth, but ii 
 frequently known by that of S3,, 
 conet, its Indian name. It is a 
 large, populous town, of a cir- 
 cular fa'-m,ftanding in the middle 
 of a plai;i, and about a mile and 
 a half in diameter, having th« 
 church, the minifter's houfe, and 
 the fchool in the center. It i$ 
 a very thriving place, and the 
 town of Attieborough, 6 mile» 
 to the N, of it, has grown out 
 of the increafe of its inhabitants. 
 RErjjLS£*flAY. Sec fValeSt 
 North. 
 
 Rhode-Island, a fmall 
 ifland in the river Delawar, in 
 
 \J^...^.a.\ :_¥»/- 1 . 
 
 r-ii »r-^:r,u.-- «uuxjiy,iii rcniyivanu, 
 oppofite a pretty village, called St. 
 George. 
 
 RiioBE-IsLAMB, the fuialleft 
 
I 
 
 R H O 
 
 of tlie provincei which cotnpflCe 
 New-England, lyinf off Mount- 
 Hope. It confifti ol urinill iflintl 
 bf that name, ind the old plant i- 
 lion of Providence. It it a diftuift 
 pj.virrnrent, by virtue of a char- 
 ter jtranted ty King Chariei If. 
 The ifland, whence the province 
 hat Iti n«me, liei in Narra^an- 
 fet-Bay, and 1i about 15 or 16 
 miles in length, and 4 or 5 in 
 breadth. Its fiill inhabitants were 
 thofe thai were bani(hcd from 
 Bonon, in the year 1639; and 
 wai for feme years the general 
 afylunn for fvich ai fuffered from 
 the fpirit of pcrfcciition. There 
 were for many yt-ari great conten- 
 tion* between Jhem and thiir 
 neighbours the Madachiifcis ; but 
 fince there have been a churches 
 in theirtind.thecnePrefbytcrian, 
 and the other according to the 
 Church of England, thty are to- 
 lerably good neighboui ». 
 
 Rhode-lfland is, wiih jufticc, 
 called the Paradifc of New Fng- 
 liind, for the fruiffilnefs of the 
 foil, and the tennpciatcnffs of lUr 
 climjite; which, tbo' not above 60 
 milts S. of Lodon, Is mucli wiirmer 
 in the winter, and, being f irroi nd- 
 ed by the ocean, is not fo much 
 aff<.^>ed by the land>brcczc» as the 
 towns on the continent arc. These 
 was a very confiderablc trade car- 
 ried on from hence (o the fugar- 
 colcnics, wiih butter and chccfc, 
 horf s, ftjeep, beef, pork, lallow, 
 timber, frames for hoofei, &c. 
 till the lat^ troubles. The plca- 
 fantnefs of the iflard invited {0 
 many planters hither, that it wae 
 in a few years ovcr-ftocked, and 
 fome of them were obligt^d to re- 
 turn to the continent, where they 
 pvrchafcd a traft of land, now 
 covered with the towns of Provi- 
 dcr/p !\nA Warwick, 
 i Th« p(;.»vinc« \s divided into the 
 fi,;if V- ; c canities and townftiips: 
 t f, nty of Providence, 
 > Smifhfield 
 a, Warwick 
 3 Glocefter 
 
 R O A 
 
 4 fScliUQte 
 J Coventiy 
 
 6 Providence, the county 
 town. 
 King's Ccunty, 
 1 Gieenwich Vktti 
 t Exeter 
 
 3 VVrPerly 
 
 4 Richmond 
 
 I Norih Kingfton 
 
 6 South Kingfton 
 
 7 Kail Greenwich 
 
 Newport County. 
 
 iMiddUton V ,fl^„j^ 
 
 3 Newport J 
 
 4 Tiverton 
 
 5 Faglamt 
 
 6 Little Compton 
 
 Kriftol County, 
 I Riinol 
 » Mount-Hope. 
 With the irtands Providence, Pa- 
 tience, Dutch, Hope, Cioat, and 
 Kononikut. '• he number of in- 
 habitants is 59,700. 
 
 RicHMEu Islands, a cluder 
 of illaudii in titc river St. Lau- 
 rence, about 1 1 leaj;,uc» above the 
 town of the Three Rivets, and 
 where thepovernmentof Montreal 
 begins. There aie near an hiin. 
 drcd of them, forming a kind of 
 Archipelago, fcrving as a retitat 
 to the wild Indians. They abound 
 with a vHricty of game, particq- 
 larly the mulk-rai, which they 
 hunt in the riionth of April. Lat, 
 46,1*. long. 71, 7. 
 
 R I c H tl X V FonT, ^ fit^all 
 fortification built by the French 
 on the north bfciik' -f tl e river 
 Sorrel, at its influx ln;«n> thi rivtr 
 St. Laurt'ncc, c v •» ' th- .lands 
 of Rithlieu above-dclcribed. 
 
 Richmond County, a dif- 
 trift of the province ■ of New- 
 York, confining of Stalen llland. 
 — i:<sc StatCH IJland. 
 
 RiDf.eFiiELt>,atownin Fair- 
 field county ^Conneflirut, on the 
 W. boundary of the colony, 10 
 miles S. from Dunbury, and 14 
 N. from Norwalk. 
 RoAXoxx, » river itt JJo«J»' 
 
ROC 
 
 Cinilina, ril'dtiilii the .\pa1.tchlan 
 >i:oii)i!ali)a in Vtr)(iiiij, itiiii Utlin^ 
 into the ocaiin in ihc Int. of 33,44. 
 where it rtiimt a kiitdut' long tiiul 
 Hiirow lijy, c^lloil Allicmarlc 
 Sounri, wticiti ill mouth i« ' ^rrod, 
 which pruvcnt* lit reccivlnx Aidi 
 tar,{d /liipa ri it would othcrwife 
 bear. Jt ia pitffiblo to ih« fjlU 
 with Ibtliopi. from thciioe up- 
 winti it ia Kciurally pUcii unci 
 wi<k, intcituj)tcU witli a few in- 
 coiifiJerjble f.illo. It ii liMliic to 
 very great frcihct, and h.ii not 
 been at mull ! n^notfcil aa it ii 
 capahlu, at \Ut commorce of the 
 eoutitry ia i 1 gcaerial on Jamei 
 fiver. 
 
 IJiUANoKK, a fcM-poit town and 
 ifl-ind, itt the mouih of Albcr 
 marie Sound, where there ii a cu^* 
 lum-hotit'd with a colle^.ir. 
 
 Rosbrt-IJav, iigiilph or bay 
 in the idand ot Marcinico, near 
 t icaguea in depth. It la formed 
 by t pointi, that on the E. called 
 Point i U Rofe, and that on th« 
 W. called Point of the (ijtleone. 
 At the mouth of it are two little 
 ifland*, one behind the other, 
 which, by hreakipg the wavci of 
 the (ita, render tliii bay the more 
 ^uiet and fecure fur (bippinv^ and 
 nidecd it ia one of the fincil natn- 
 ral harbourathat can be imigined, 
 beinz capable of admittinfr lUe 
 largeft flcelj*'hh fucJi convrnien* 
 cy, that ibeTliipa may ride fo iKar 
 Ihu Ihorc M to reach it by a plank. 
 
 RocA Islands, a cinftcr f»f 
 uniohabiied ifkndu, lying otf the 
 coad of the province of Vi nczuc. 
 la, in the l.inj'dom of Terra fir- 
 n , aliuiit lio raile» N. W. by 
 W. of I'arru^i. rhefc iflanda 
 ftrorch tlicmiclvcs E. and W. 
 aliout 5 lcij;ici, and ab)Ut 3 
 leagues from N. to S. I'lie aorth- 
 crn iilind in thii> little Archipcla- 
 
 Jj) it the mod rcmHrliabte.liy rra- 
 on of a high, white, rocky hill at 
 the W. end of it, which may be 
 fccn at a great dirtance. 
 On the S. lidcof ihc northern 
 
 R O S 
 
 l(I;ind ia a frc<h - water (krnm, 
 
 fiuwln){ fiiim rh« tide wf ihc ub(iv4« 
 
 mcntionixl liill, but nf m aliiml- 
 
 nou» taOe, which len-leri it very 
 
 unplfl.t(unt. I'he middle of iha 
 
 llland ia loviir,andovcr<gruwn with 
 
 lonf' "lala, amon]{ which ire mo\- 
 
 tiiudc* uf fmall, Erry fowla, not 
 
 bi)(g«r than a black«bird, but \ny 
 
 «M]{* at targe aa a nu^'pye. The 
 
 J^. end of the illirid i« overgrown 
 
 with lilack mJUKiovc'irc-ea. VUa 
 
 foil there ia a li^ht fand, and 
 
 overflown by the fca at fpr<n;(- 
 
 tldri. Ihe road Uf>n t'le 8. Title, 
 
 ncHr the middle of the idand. ('h« 
 
 retl uf (he Koca iflands are low | 
 
 tlu! next to the northcinmoO it 
 
 i'tiull, flat, and evot, without 
 
 tier*, I'tMiing only };rara, Abouc 
 
 a Icacue from ih(» are two other 
 
 ill.inda, nut too yardi dtltant frnnl 
 
 each other, yei the channel lie* 
 
 tween them haa water Aifficirnt for 
 
 Urge Ihipi to ftCt. They are both 
 
 covered with red mangrove-treei, 
 
 which flourini prodigioufly in low 
 
 drowned land. The other iflanda 
 
 are alio low, and covered with red 
 
 man^rovctreei. There ii good 
 
 riding in many placea between the 
 
 iflanda, but not without, except 
 
 to the wedw^rd or S. W. For on 
 
 the E. and N. £. of thcfe iflandf, 
 
 the tnide.wind blowa, and makea 
 
 a great Tea ; andtu' the Atuthward 
 
 of ihero there ia nu gronud under 
 
 70,8;>, or 100 fathom, clofe under 
 
 the land. 
 
 'J'hc yiocn IflincU lie in the lat* 
 
 of II, 40. Ion,;. 67, 30. 
 
 Kucuasraa, a town in Brif. 
 
 lol county, in Plymouth Colony, 
 
 New-l!i>gi.ind, about ; milea N. 
 
 from the rcn-coaO, and 5 miles W» 
 
 fron Wareham. 
 
 Ros K, St. a bay in Louifuns, 
 
 (hcltercd by a very Ion',; ifhnd of 
 
 the fame name, extending to rhe 
 
 bay of Pcnfacola. The channel 
 
 between the ifltnd and ihc coiiti« 
 
 nent is fufRciently wide for (hips to 
 
 nar* from one nf thnfe ii.ivt tn thm 
 J -- .- -. — - _. . -^- — ..._ 
 
 other. The ifl.ind it wcU-watercd, 
 
 Hi i 
 
ROY 
 
 •nd abminds with a varitly of 
 game. Tht- rides here arc more 
 regular thari in other parts of the 
 Gulph of Mexico, snd the tide 
 flows regularly every 12 hours. 
 Lat. 33, 32. long. 86, 42. 
 
 RosAtiA, a fort on the Miffi- 
 fippi, in the country of the Nau- 
 chccs, an Indian tribe inhabiting 
 that country. It ftands about 
 105 lirl'es N. of New Orleans, in 
 a very picar.oi and fertile coun- 
 try, but thinly inhabited. Lat. 
 31, 9. long. 90, 15, 
 
 RosRAt;, the capital of fht 
 ifland of Dominica, one of the 
 Caribbce Ifland?. It is fitnated 
 on the S. W. par' of the iflnnd, on 
 the N. fide of a bay, oppofite to 
 which is Chariotte-town, 
 
 Round Rock, one of the 
 /"mailer Virgin Illos, in the Weft- 
 Indies, fituated a little to the N. 
 of Ginger Ifland, and to the S. 
 of the cinder of rocks called the 
 Fallen City, or Old Jerufalcm. 
 1-ong. <J2, 53. lat. 18, 10. 
 
 Rowan, an inland cownty, in 
 the diftria of Salifbury, North- 
 Carolina, in which the town of 
 Salifbury, the principal of the dif- 
 tri£>, is lituated. 
 
 RoxBoRouGH, atown of Suf- 
 folk county, in the colony of Maf- 
 fachufeti, fituated at the bottom 
 of a rhallow bay, without any 
 harbour, but is well- watered. The 
 liver Smelt runs through it, and 
 the river Stony a few miles to the 
 K. of it. It has a good frce- 
 fchyol, and is in a flouri/hing con- 
 dition. Lat. 42, 36. long. 70, 30. 
 
 RoxBURy, a village in Suffolk 
 county, in MalTdchufets - Bay, 
 about a mile W. of Boflon Neck, 
 where a camp was formed at the 
 commencement of the prtfent dif- 
 turbances. 
 
 Royal Isle, an ifland in the 
 river St. Laurmce, about 60 miles 
 below lake Ontario. The fjil is 
 very fcriiie, and produces great 
 quantities of grain. It had a 
 ftrong fort on it built by the 
 French, which was taken by Gc- 
 
 R U A 
 
 neral Amherft, on the 23d of 
 Augwrt, 1760, two days after the 
 firll firing of his batteries, 
 
 RuA TAN, or Rattan, art 
 ifland in the bay of Honduras, g 
 leagues from the Mofcjuito Shore, 
 and abcut aco W. and by S, from 
 Jamaica. It is about 3omilcs long, 
 and 13 miles broad, and crntaini 
 about a 50,000 acres, naturally for- 
 tified with rocks and fiioais, ex- 
 cept the entrance into theharbour 
 of Pori Royal, which is fo nar- 
 row ihit only one fliip can pafs at 
 a time ; but the harbuUr is one of 
 the fineft in the world, being fuf- 
 ficiently capacious for 500 fdW of 
 fliips to ride in the utmort fdfety. 
 The ifland is overgrown with 
 wood, but remarkably healthy, 
 and not near fo hot as Jamaica, 
 there being continually a l)rceze at 
 E. which keeps the atmofpherc 
 cool. It has plenty of excellent 
 water, a great number of wild 
 hogs and deer, ducks, teal, pi- 
 geons, and parrots ; and the fca 
 abounds with fifh of atl kinds, 
 particularly crab-fifli and fine tur- 
 tle. Here are great quantities of 
 cocoa-nuts, w ild figs, and excellent 
 grapes. But there are alfo fcrpents, 
 called owlers, as big as a man's 
 waift, and 12 or 14 feet long, with 
 a very wide mou h ; when they 
 lie ftrctched out at length, they 
 appear like old fallen trunks of 
 trees, covered with a Qjort tnoff. 
 This ifland was totally uninhabit- 
 ed till the year 1742, when the 
 Englifh, under the command of 
 Major Crawford, began a fettle- 
 ment, in order to protect the log- 
 wood cutters, and fecure a trade 
 with the Spaniards of Guatimala, 
 for cochineal, indigo, &c. On 
 the S. fide it has feveral good har- 
 bours, the principal of which is 
 Port Royal. The N. coaft is de- 
 fended throughout by a coiitiniicd 
 reef of rocks, between which there 
 are very few pallagcs forfmall vef- 
 fels. 'I'his ifland is fo well fituated 
 that it may be regarded as the key 
 of the bay of Honduras, and 
 
 
 might comm 
 the provinces 
 the W. end 
 dows of fcv 
 where they b 
 the heft part 
 tan lies in tht 
 88, la. 
 
 Rupert's 
 Hudson's Qd] 
 pany have a fi 
 20. long, 78 
 
 Rupert*! 
 of Dominicaj 
 Iflands, whei 
 from the wini 
 fide of the ifl: 
 p3cioui,andf.i 
 cipal oae on 
 fleet iki the 
 France may 
 their Wert-In 
 bay has beet 
 to*p, which i 
 mouth. 
 
 Rutland 
 ler county, IVl 
 miles N. of L 
 of Old Rutlan- 
 of Ware rive 
 Con n eft i cut fi 
 
 Old Ruti 
 the former, ne 
 way river, wh 
 raganfdt river. 
 
 PvYE, a to\ 
 of New-YorK 
 Sound, 22 N. 
 anil 10 from E 
 
 SABA, on( 
 Iflands, {( 
 f-i'^t, 13 miles 
 »nd 30 S. W. 
 mew. It is 
 leagues in co;n 
 formerly to th 
 
 Dears at firfl ! 
 
 rock; but a I 
 to manure it 
 found a valley 
 to employ and 
 
SAB 
 
 might command the trade of all 
 the provinces round the bay. On 
 the W. end of the iflands are mea- 
 dows of leveral hundred acres, 
 where they breed mulei, which is 
 the bcft part of the ifland. Rua- 
 tan lies in the lat. of 17, 6. lone. 
 88, 12. - 
 
 Rupert's Rivir, a river in 
 
 Hudlon's Bay, where that Com- 
 pany have a fettlement. Lat. 57, 
 20. long. 78, 2. 
 
 Rupert's Bay, in the ifland 
 of Dominica, one of the Caribbcc 
 Iflands, where is excellent fheltcr 
 from the winds, [tis at the N. W. 
 (ide of the ifland, and is deep, ca- 
 pacious, and f.indy, and ij tlie prin- 
 cipal oae on the ifland, where a 
 fleet iki the time of war with 
 France may eafily intercept all 
 their Weft-India trade. On this 
 bay lias been traced out a new 
 town, which is to be called Portf- 
 mouth. 
 
 Rutland, a town in Worccf- 
 ter county, Maflichufcts-Bay, 14 
 miles N. of Leiccfter, and 5 N. 
 of Old Rutland, near an ti branch 
 of Ware river, which runs into 
 Con n eft i cut river. 
 
 Old Rutland, a town near 
 the former, near the head of Half, 
 way river, which runs into Nar- 
 raganfdt river. 
 
 R.YE, a town on the S. coaft 
 of New-York, in Long Ifland 
 Sound, 22 N. W. of New-York, 
 and 10 from Eaft Chefter. 
 
 and 
 
 S. 
 
 SABA, one of the Caribbec 
 Iflands, fmall, but very plea- 
 f-int, 13 miles N. W. of Euftatia, 
 »nd 30 S. W. of St, Bajtholo- 
 mevv. It is between 4 and 5 
 '"sues in coinpafs, and belonged 
 formerly to the Danes. It ap- 
 
 Dears a» firH- Cr^Ut^ ►„ U- _ _i^ 
 
 i^ock; but a Dutch colony lent 
 to manure it from St. Euflatia, 
 found a valley in it large enough 
 to employ and fubfifl: many fa- 
 
 S A B 
 
 milies; but the misfortune is.tfcat 
 th.s delightful place has no port. 
 The fiflnng about it, efpecially 
 tor the bonetta, is very advan- 
 tageous ; nor is there any want 
 of other necefl'ary refrcflimcnts. 
 The fea is fo (hallow near its 
 coalls, that the ftones may be 
 fccnat the bottom; fo that only 
 « jops can come near it, nor even 
 they any where but at a fmall 
 fandy creek on the fouth fide of 
 the ifl.nd, where the inhabitants 
 lay up their canoes. There is a 
 road cut out of the rock to the 
 top of it, fo fteep, that it feems 
 to be a fortification rendered im- 
 pregnable by nature, it admitting 
 only one perfon to p&fs at a time. 
 Ihe mhabitants have in many 
 places, for their greater fecurity, 
 piled up krge heaps of floncs oa 
 icaffolds, fo difpofed, that by 
 only pulling a rope the fcaffolds 
 fall, and difcharge fuch a ftiower 
 of ftones into the road, as would 
 crulli a whole army to pieces. 
 Ihc jfland is divided into two 
 parts, containing about 50 fami- 
 nes, and 130 flaves, who acquire 
 a genteel livelihood by making 
 flioes, in which their principal 
 trade confifls. 'I hey alfo culti- 
 vate cotton, which they manu- 
 fadure mto rtockings. They have 
 alio a little indigo and cotton, 
 rhey live in harmony with each 
 other, and their homes are con- 
 venient and well furnilhed. Lat. 
 17, 37. long. 62, 50. 
 
 LiTTLt Saba, one of the 
 fmaller Virgin Iflands, fituaied 
 to the S. of St. Thomas, and 
 belongs to the Danes. 
 
 Sable, an ifland in the Atlan- 
 tic-Ocean, 35 leagues S. E. of 
 Cape-Braon. It is fmall, and 
 without any port, or produft, ex. 
 ccpt briars. It is very narrow, 
 and has the Ihape of a bow. lu 
 the miJdic of it is a lake 5 leagues 
 in compafs, and the ifland i;felf 
 not moi than ten. It has a fand- 
 bank at each end, one of which 
 rmis N.E. the otiier S,W, It 
 
SAG 
 
 bai lofty (and-hills, whk? my 
 \\e fccn, in clear weather, 7 or 8 
 leagues oil'. ' Lat. 44, 15. longi- 
 tnd« 59, %, 
 
 Saco-Ri vxR, a r'xvtv \n Ncw- 
 KngUnd, rifing in Ncw-Jrfamp- 
 fliirc, and, after a courf< of about 
 80 milec, falls into tl'ie Atlantic 
 Ocean, between Ope I'nrpus And 
 Cipc Elizabeth, in th« province 
 of Main. 
 
 Saconet.— Sec Rc^'ohoth, 
 Sacrament, Lakk St. now 
 called l.akc Cieorgc, a larpe col- 
 le^icn of waters, conncOed by a 
 (Irait with lake Charopliiin, a- 
 bout 120 miles E. of Ofwcgo. 
 At the S. end of this lake. Sir 
 William Johnfon jjained a viOory 
 over tlie Baron Dielkun, com- 
 roanderof the Fren«h forces, in 
 the year 17 55. 
 
 SaCRIT JCKS-ISLAND, a fmiiU 
 
 ifland in the Gulph of Mexico, 
 about half a mile from the land. 
 Grijblva, who difcovcred it in the 
 year 1518, gar*© it this name, 
 from his finding on it a bloody 
 alfar and fevfral dead ho<lies, 
 which he liippoiied th • Ind'uns 
 had facriticcd the night holore. Jt 
 is very fn^all, and uninhabited. 
 JLar. 19, 10 long. 96, 52. 
 
 Sagadahoc, a juiifdi^ion of 
 Maflachufcis-Btiy, in New-Eng- 
 land, granted by Kirt;', Charles II. 
 i« the year 1634, to his brother, 
 the Duke of S\irk, and thence 
 . lormeiiy called The Duke of York's 
 Property. This territorv, or traifV 
 of land, was then defcribed in 
 the following maiiner : " all that 
 *♦ part of the main land of New- 
 •' England, beginning ar a certain 
 •• plaie called St. Croix, adjoining 
 *' to Now -Scotland, in America ; 
 *• and from thence extending a- 
 '* long the fea-cuaft, to a certain 
 »' place called I'imacjiiin, or Pi- 
 *' macjviid, and f'o up the livcr 
 *' thereof t^ its fni theft h<?ad d.s 
 *' it tends to the noriliward, and 
 *' extending from thence to the 
 *• river Qiicncbcc, and fo up by 
 ** the fliof teft couiie (o tlic river 
 
 S A G 
 
 "of Canada northward." This 
 territoiy was then annexed to the 
 government of New- York : but 
 the Duke, on the demiCe of his 
 brother, Charles II. afiendingthc 
 throne of England, ihefe lands, 
 on his abdication, reverted to the 
 crown. It is now called the 
 county of Lino>ln, in the pro- 
 vince of MaflarhufctS Bay, Ncw- 
 Englitnd, to which government it 
 belongs ; who have lain it out 
 info townOiipfi, as may be Iccu 
 under the article Main. 
 
 SACAnAiioc-RivFR, the W. 
 l>ranrh of the river Kencbeg, in 
 York county, Mnffiichnfets- Bay, 
 New-Kngland. It rifcs in lat. 44, 
 50. N. E. of the V^ hitc-Hilis, not 
 far from the head of Conr.c^icDt- 
 River, and empties itftlf info 
 Merrymccting-bay, after having 
 run a courfc of above 2co miks, 
 nearly N. and S. 
 
 S A c; u J. N A V , a jTovince of Cana- 
 da, hounded on the W ^ind .S. W. 
 by the river of the fiimc name; 
 on tl>c N. E. by a nation of In- 
 dians, calFeti Kile./hinoa^ : on the 
 N. W. by that of the Efqnimaux; 
 and on the .S. E. by the rivtr 
 St. Launncc. The territory and 
 lands on each fide of the river 
 were found fo indifferenr, and the 
 I ft colony that fettled at Tadonfluc 
 Aiffcrtd fo much there, that the 
 French were foi a 1 ng time dif- 
 c-oTivapcd from firrtling in Canada; 
 but at Intgtl-, failing up as hioh 
 as QiitUf, tliey found frcrti (n- 
 c-'Uragtmcnt, and have fince tli:it 
 time fiourifhcd r<:markal ly, till 
 the whole eoui try, togeihtr vviih 
 Quebec, its capital, fell into diir 
 hands in the year 17S9' It tields 
 the greafeft plcwty of maible cf 
 ifver.1l kinds, fo that even the 
 lioiifcs of private perfons are ge- 
 net ally built with if. 
 
 Sacuen AY-Ri v> R, a river 
 of CZ^iiHfis lia v'ii^s" its fVj'i! cf ui 
 the river of Sr. John, and, afiT 
 a confidcrabic courfe, falling in- 
 to that of St. Laurence, at the 
 tcmn ot Tadouiiac. It is nut 
 
 
 above 3 quart( 
 at it3 mouth, a 
 fathoms deep; 
 much wider, a 
 its breadth at 
 more than a < 
 though it is 
 largeft vefTcls 
 from its muuih 
 fulKi'ient to con 
 of Wit, has go 
 is well flicltcred 
 ing of a circula 
 furroundeJ at a 
 high racks. 
 
 S.ilNTS, a 
 daloupe.— See 3 
 
 SAf.AMANC 
 
 a fmall, but 1 
 Mexico, to I era I 
 liiuated on the , 
 inus, which joir 
 Yucatan to the 1 
 tains about izi 
 bad fort, and a i 
 figiied to hinde 
 trade, and the 
 wood - cutters, 
 without effc£i. 
 leimy country, c 
 «il with water, 
 healthy, and inf 
 toes, and the W3t 
 ligatois. Lat. 19 
 
 Salem, a tc 
 Tcy, in North-, 
 uliout half-way 1 
 lum, from whid 
 It contains abo 
 s"d is confiderc 
 l)ell tovvns in V 
 regard to its fitu 
 and trade ; it or 
 » country. It I 
 tho ibmliward < 
 and about 2 mile 
 lawjr. Lat. 39, 
 
 Salem, a to\ 
 4n<l county of D 
 Ua pan of N. ( 
 
 . "■ "' ' '"^ '-I 
 
 lex .county, M- 
 
 New- England, 
 I'Odon, having 
 built churches in 
 
a river 
 
 
 SAL 
 
 aWov€ 3 quarters of a mile wide 
 at it3 mouth, and about 80 or 90 
 Tathonis deep; but higher up it is 
 much wider, and thislcflening of 
 it* breadth at its mouth gives it 
 more thdn a common rapidity ; 
 thou^rh it is navigable for the 
 largeft veflcis above zj leagues 
 from its mouth. The harbour is 
 futKiient to contain 15 fail of men 
 of w^r, has good anchorage, and 
 is well flicltcied from florms, be- 
 ing of a circular figure, deep, and 
 furrounded at a diftatice with very 
 high rocks. 
 
 Saints, a iflands near Gua- 
 daloupe.— Sc« Xaitites. 
 
 Salamanca de Bacalar, 
 a fmail, but thriving town of 
 Mcnico, tolerably well built, and 
 lidiatcd on the £. fide of the ifth- 
 mus, which joins the pcninfula of 
 Yucatan to the continent. It con- 
 tains about I20 houfes, with a 
 bad fort, and a fmall garrifon, dc- 
 figiied to hinder the contraband 
 trade, and the cxcurfions of the 
 wood - cutrers, or baymcn, but 
 without cfTt-a. It flands in a low 
 leiiny country, every where covcr- 
 «J with water. The air is un- 
 healthy, and infefted with mufke- 
 toes, an J the waters fwarm with al- 
 ligators. Lat. 17,2. long. 90, 30. 
 
 Salem, a town of We(l-Jer- 
 Tey, in North- America, fitual:ed 
 itliout half-way up the river Sal- 
 lum, from which it has itsi name. 
 It contains about 120 families, 
 and is confi.lercd as one of ihe 
 bell tovvns in Wcit-Jcrfcy, with 
 regard 10 its fituation, biiilJiugs, 
 and trade ; it once gave name to 
 « tountiy. It lies 30 miles to 
 the ijiuhward of Philadelphia, 
 and about 2 miles W. of the De- 
 iawdr. Lat. 39,35. long. 75, 51. 
 
 Salem, a town in the parilh 
 4nd county of Dobbs, in the in- 
 utiJ pan of N. Carolina. 
 
 »<-'x -county, MafTachufcts- Bjy, 
 New -England, jg miles N. of 
 jlodon, having one of the fineft- 
 uuilt churches in the whole coun- 
 
 SAL 
 
 ij' It ftands on a plain between 
 a rivers, and has 2 harbouri, 
 called Winter-harbour and Sum- 
 mer-harbour. It was here that 
 the planters of Maflachufets-Co- 
 lony made their firtt fettlcmcnt ; 
 and here the parliament, in 1774, 
 removed the port from Bofton, 
 when the prefcnt troubles in A- 
 merica commenced. This town 
 is very famous for building fliips 
 and fi/hing-ketches. A good trade 
 is carried on from hence to the 
 fugar-illands. Latitude 42, 40. 
 long. 70, 32. 
 
 Salisbury, a town in Eflcx- 
 county, in the province of Mafli- 
 chufets-Bay, in New-England, fir 
 tuaicd on the N. fide of Merri- 
 niack-river, which is there about 
 half a mile broad, and over wiiich 
 there is a ferry. It Ibnds ne^r 
 the fca-coaft, 40 miles N. of Bof- 
 ton, and 20 from Portfmouth, in 
 New-Hamp(hire. Lat. 42, 55. 
 long. 70. 35. 
 
 Salts BURY, a town in the 
 connty of Rowan, in N. Carolina, 
 fituated in a trading path of Fre- 
 dericklbiirg, in S. Carolina. 
 
 SALIS3URY,or WlATlAK, a 
 town in Litchfield county, Con- 
 ncflicut, 2 miles N. W. of the 
 Falls in Stratford -river, 8 miles 
 S. of Sheffield, and 10 N. E. of 
 Sharon. 
 
 SjiLiSBURV, in New- York, 
 on ti.c W. t).uik of Hiidfoa*s-ri- 
 ver, 24 miles N. of Kingfton, 7 
 miles S. W. of Lunenburg, and 
 5 N. W. of Livingfton. 
 
 Salt-Island, one of the 
 fmaller Virgin-Iflcs. It is fituated 
 W. of Cooper's - ifland, in the 
 Kinu's-channel, and Sir Francis 
 Drake's-bay, and E. of Pctcr's- 
 illand. Long. 63. Lat. 18,4. 
 
 Saluda, a county in S. Caro- 
 lina, which provides one of the 
 regiments of militia. 
 
 Salvador, St. a fmall city 
 in the province of Giiatimala, in 
 Mexico, fituated at the head of 
 a river, which at about 12 milea 
 diftancc falls into the South-S«a, 
 
SAM 
 
 It has a Sfanifh governor, but 
 very little trade, and a fmall num- 
 ber of hoiifcs. On chc N. fide of 
 k arc lofiy mountains, called <h€ 
 Chantales, inhabited by poor In- 
 dians. In the bottom, where the 
 town ftands, are plantatioiis of 
 fugar-canes and indigo, with a 
 few farms for breeding cattle. 
 JLat. 13, 5 lono;. 90, 3. 
 
 Salvateok dk Yguey, a 
 fmall town in the id and of Hif- 
 paniola, a8 leagues E. from St. 
 Pomingo. It is famous for its 
 fugar- works and luxuriant paf- 
 lures, in which vaft numbers of 
 tattle feed. Laliiude 18, 6. lon- 
 gitude 67, 58. 
 
 Samballas PoiST, a rocky 
 point, remarkably long and low, 
 on the N. fide of tlie illhnuis of 
 Darien, and fo guarded wilh rocks 
 for a mile off at fea, that it is 
 very dangerous coming near it. 
 Lat. 9, 40. long. 78, 43. 
 
 Samballas- IsALNDS, a 
 multitude of fmall iilands fcatter- 
 cd at very unecjual distances, feme 
 only I, fome a, fomc 3, and Jonic 
 4 miles from the Ihorc, and from 
 one another, extending a very con- 
 liderable diftance along the nor- 
 thern fhore of the ifthmus of Da- 
 riea, and with the adjacent coun- 
 try, its hills and foreits, of perpe- 
 tual verdure, form a loveI^,;>rof- 
 pett from the fca. Tliefe fS'ands 
 feem to lie as it were parcelle<l out 
 in clufters ; and between moft of 
 them are navigable channels, by 
 which (hips may pafs through, 
 and range along the coaft cf the 
 irthmus, the Ita between ihtm 
 ■and the Oiore being navigable 
 from one end to the other, and 
 aflbrds eveiy where good anchor- 
 ing in firm fandy ground, with 
 good landing cither on the iflands 
 or the main. In this long chan- 
 nel a number of inips may always 
 fiii.l llK'itcr, be the wind which 
 wiy it will; fo that it wa5 the 
 general lendezvous for the priva- 
 rtei s on this coalh MoU r f thf.fc 
 iH-in.li arc low, fiat, at.d fandy, 
 
 SAN 
 
 covered with a variety of trees, 
 and abound with (hell-fiHi of fc. 
 veral kinds: fome of them alfo 
 afford fprings of frefh wa'cr, and 
 convenient places for careening 
 fliips. The long channel between 
 the Samballas and the iflhmus is 
 from 2 to 4 miles in breadth, ex- 
 tending from Point Samballas to 
 the gulph of Darien and the 
 coatt of tli€ ifthmus, full of faiidy 
 bays, with many brooks of water. 
 5>and wiCH, a town in Barn- 
 ftaplc county, Plymouth Colony, 
 N<w-England, 5 miles E. of Buz- 
 zard's-bay, and 10 N. E. of Fal- 
 mouth on the ifthmus that forms 
 the peninfula, near a river of the 
 fame name, at the bottom of 
 Capc-Cod-bay .whence runs a point 
 of land called Sandy-Point; and 
 notwithftanding its fituation it 
 but an inconfidcrable place, hav- 
 ing no harbour, and the approach 
 to it impeded by fands. 
 
 Sandy Point, a cape, or point 
 of land, in Barnftaple county, Ply- 
 mouth Colony, New - England, 
 forming the northern cape of the 
 ftrait between the main land and 
 Nantuckei-idand. A pretty large 
 fand llretches off from the point 
 to the eaftwiird, and thence it had 
 its name. Latitude 41, 24. Ion* 
 gitude 92, 35. 
 
 Sandv Point, a confiderable 
 town on the inland of St. Chrif- 
 topher's. It is fitujted on ths 
 N. VV. corner of the ifland, and 
 was the capital of the tngliA 
 divifion of the ifland htlore 
 the treaty of Utrecht, when the 
 ifland became the propca-ty of the 
 Englifli. 
 
 Santa Cruz, a fmall town 
 on the ifland of Cuba, 63 miles 
 E. of the Havannah, It has 1 
 good harbour at the bottom of the 
 bay of Matanzas. Lat. 23, ii> 
 
 Santa Crwz, one of the 
 Caribbee-Iflands, 8 leagues S. F, 
 from Porto Rico, and 5 S, of 
 St. John. It is triangular, about 
 8 or 9 leagues in len;^tl), and 
 
 9 in breadth, 
 without mour 
 tered. It w 
 Dutch and E 
 f(ton cjuarrclh 
 beaten, and e: 
 ter a very b 
 — 1200 Spf 
 the Englifh i 
 (o«n after the 
 expelled the 
 French, rcma 
 ifland, fet fin 
 the confJagrj 
 they gazed frc 
 fevcral month 
 extingui(hed,t 
 blifhed their ( 
 is remarkablj 
 tobacco, cottc 
 and fiijE^ar, ec^i 
 progreis of tli 
 that, in the 
 years after it* 
 tained 822 whi 
 a proportionab 
 It foon after b 
 der of Malta, 
 it to the Frenf 
 pany. Theregi 
 pany werefoin 
 lony went tode 
 whole of the in 
 lag only to 31 
 blacks, quittec 
 it was left dc 
 tivated till 17 
 fold its propcri 
 164,000 rixdol 
 firit rcftridted 
 1754, this and 
 were opened ( 
 fubjeds, who b 
 groes, by payir 
 head tax. Th 
 
 30,003 flrlVCS, ' 
 
 pitaiion of i 
 hour of thefe 
 cirgocs of 40 
 then is from 
 The plantation 
 fee, and ginge 
 
 ir,\;-. , 1. O- 
 
 ••■"• j-WUl tV, Ot 
 
 and 12 million 
 fugar. This \l 
 
SAN 
 
 « jn breaflth. It » a flat idanJ, 
 without mountdjni, and budly wa- 
 tered. It was occiipie<l by the 
 Dutch and Ertglilh, who having 
 f()on quarrelled, the Di:!ch were 
 beaten, and expelled in 1646, af- 
 ter a very bloody engagement ; 
 — • 1200 Spaniards drove out 
 the Enijlifh in thfir turn ; and 
 (o«n after the French came, who 
 expelled the Spaniards. The 
 French, remaining mafters of the 
 ifland, fet fire to the woods, and 
 the confiagration, upon which 
 they gazed from the (hips, hrted 
 fevcral months; as Toon as it was 
 extinguiflied, they landed and eft:i- 
 bliftcd their fettlement. The foil 
 is remarkably fertile ; prodactng 
 tobacco, cotton, anatta, indigo, 
 and fiigar, equaKy well ; and the 
 progreis of this colony was fuch, 
 that, in the fljort fpace of 1 1 
 years after its foundation, it con- 
 tained 822 white inhabitants, with 
 a proportionable number of (livey. 
 It foon after bclonge 1 to the Or- 
 der of Malta, who, in 1664, fold 
 it to the French Wc{>- India con>- 
 pany. The regulations of this com- 
 any werefo injurious, that this co- 
 ony went todecay, and in i636the 
 whole of the inhabitants, amount- 
 ing only to 300 whites and 4C0 
 blacks, quitted the ifland ; when 
 it was left deftitute and uncul- 
 tivated till 1733, when France 
 fold its property to Denmark for 
 164,000 rixdollars. The Danes at 
 firit rcftridled the trade ; but in 
 1754, this and their other iflands 
 were opened to all the Danilh 
 fuhjeifts, who began to import ne- 
 groes, by paying 4 rix-dollars ptr 
 head tax. There are now above 
 30,003 flrivcs, who pay each a ca-- 
 pitaiion of i crown. The la- 
 bour of thefe negroes furnilh the 
 Cirgocs of 40 fhips, whofe bur- 
 then is from 110 to 300 tour. 
 The plantations yield a little cof- 
 fee, and ginger, fome wood for 
 ■■"<-j-\f^tKj oou ijuici 01 cofion, 
 and 12 millions weight of rough 
 fugar. This ifland is divided into 
 
 r, 
 
 SAN 
 
 3i;o plantations, each plantatfori 
 containing 150 acres, of 40,000 
 fquare feet each. Two thirds of 
 the land are tit for fiitrar. It has 
 only one town, called Chriftiati- 
 flacd, which is defended by thfi 
 canron of a forirefs, as well a? 
 the principal harbour on the N. 
 coall' ; but .jnother town is now 
 building on the W, loaO, to be 
 called Fredcrickltsed. Thegreatcfk 
 part of the inhabitants confirt of 
 F.ngiilb, with Irift, Germans, 
 Moravians, and a few Danes. Thr 
 Englilh and Dutch poHefs ibc beft 
 plantations in the ifland, and the 
 chief part of its riches pafs in'o 
 the hands of foreigners. It re- 
 ceived confiaerablc damage by a 
 ftorm, Aug. 30, 1772, when the 
 fea rwtlicd above 70 feet above 
 the ufuai height, and the wind 
 tore all the houfcs near the fliore 
 even to the foundations; beam-;, 
 planks, &.C. flew through the air 
 like feathers. The wall round 
 the King's florehoufcs, though a- 
 bovc a yard thick, was totally 
 f^-ept away, and the trees torn 
 up by the roots, which left 
 holes in the earth 6 feet deep, 
 250 perfijns were overtaken bv 
 the fea in their fiight to the 
 mountains; and at Chriftianftard 
 460 houfes were demolifiicd. All 
 the magazines and (lores were ru- 
 ined; and thefiiipsin thchar!)ours 
 were drove on ftore, 50 and 100 
 yards on land ; and the whole da- 
 mage computed at above 5,000,000 
 of dollars. On the N. fide there 
 is a large bay having in the mid- 
 dle of it a little ifland; and on 
 the W. fide of this bay the Go- 
 vernor's houfe is ercacd. Lati- 
 tude 17, 49. long. 63, 3J. 
 Santa Ff.— See Fi: 
 Santa Maria, a river In • 
 the irthmus of Daricn, falling 
 into the gulph of St. Michael, in 
 the South'^Sca. The tide flows 
 up it 8 or 9 leagues, and fo far it 
 is navigdblc j but beyond that 
 the river divides into 2 branch€5, 
 and is only fit for canoes. 
 R 2 
 
 '■ 
 
 !! 
 
SAN 
 
 tANTA Maria, a town on 
 the river of the fame name, a- 
 hout 6 Icitfiiics from its mouth. 
 It is a conluicrablc town, occa- 
 fioned by the gold-minei in its 
 rtJj«h*'OMrhoocl, whirh are worked 
 to great advantage; but the coun- 
 try about it is low, woody, and 
 very unhealthy. Latitude 7, 30. 
 lon^;. 8a, lo. 
 
 Santa Martha, a province 
 of Terra Fir.ua, in South-Ame- 
 rica, bounded on the E. by Rio 
 de la Hacha; on the S. by New 
 Granada ; on tiie W. by Cartha. 
 gen:) ; and on the N. by the 
 North-Sea. Its extent from E. 
 ro W. is about 140 milca, and a- 
 bove too from N. to S. The cli- 
 mate is fultry and hot, erpcciully 
 near the lea-coaH ; but the tops 
 of the high mountains are cover- 
 ed with fnow, which render the 
 inland parts much colder. 
 
 Santa Martha, the capital 
 of the above province, fituated 
 near the fca, at the foot of a 
 prodigious mountain, whofe fom- 
 inic is generdily hid in the clond.«, 
 but in clf^r weather, when the 
 fop appears, it is covered with 
 Inow, The city was formerly very 
 j>ojuious, but is row much de- 
 cayed, occ.ilii)iicd by the Spanifh 
 ficcts not louciuug there, as they 
 anciently ufcd to do. The houfcs 
 in general are built with CTnes, 
 nnd covered with palmetto-leaves ; 
 fome are covered with pantiles. 
 The Governor of the province, 
 together wiih the other ofliccrs, 
 riiides here. Jt is the fee of a 
 biihop, fiifTragan to the metro- 
 politan of New -Granada. The 
 inhabitants trade with the In- 
 dians in the neighboiirhood, who 
 bring hither earthen-ware and cot- 
 tcMi-liuiTs. The country round the 
 city prodnces but few cattle, be- 
 ing extremely mou;itainous, and 
 tlie Spaniards who ii>habit it are 
 but few. At a leaeue and a half 
 dillance from Santa Martha arc 
 large fait - pords, from whence 
 they extra^ very good fait, and 
 
 S A V 
 
 carry it Into the neighbouring pro. 
 vinces. Between the city and the 
 mountains of the Andes, which 
 are rocky and barren, the land is 
 level, and produces abundance of 
 oranges, lemons, pine-.ipples, and 
 grapes. In fo.ne places there are 
 gold mines, and in others precious 
 flones of great value. Lat. n, 37. 
 long. 74, 1 5. 
 
 Saona, a fmali iHand near the 
 S. E. point of the idand of St. 
 I">omingo, abounding with plea- 
 fant woods and pailrres, but is at 
 prefent uninhabited, and frequent- 
 ed only by fifhermen, at the time 
 when turtles come on fhore to lay 
 their eggs. It lies but 5 miles 
 from the nearef) part of St. Do- 
 mingo ifland, and 3 E. of St. Ca- 
 taline. The N. and S. fides of 
 the ifland are foul and rocky; nor 
 is the £, fide, where fhips may 
 ride in 7 or 8 fathom water, well- 
 (hrltered from the winds. It is 
 between 7 and 8 leagues in length, 
 and about 4 in breadth. 
 
 Savage-Islano. See If^alcs, 
 North. 
 
 Savannah, a river in Caro- 
 lina, rifing in the Apalachian 
 Mountains, and, after a S. E, 
 courfe of 2co miles, fulls into the 
 ocean about 31 miles to the foiuh- 
 ward of Fort- Royal ; the lower 
 part of it fcpaistcs the colonics 
 of Carolina and Georgia. 
 
 Savannah, the capital of 
 Georgia, finely fit«<".tcd for trade, 
 on the river of the fame name ; 
 the navigation being very fafe, 
 and (hips of 300 tons burden may 
 lie clofe to the town, and, if ri- 
 quifite, go aoo miles above it. It 
 is about 10 miles from the fea. 
 It has, befuies a church, a coiirt- 
 houfe, a Oore-houfe, a goal, a 
 wharf, a guard-houfe, where are 
 feveral cannon mounted, and a 
 conOant watch ; bcfides fome 0- 
 ther public buildings, and above 
 2C0 houfcs, which are regularly 
 built aa feet by i6, at fome dif- 
 tance from each other, for the 
 fake of being more airy, and fern 
 
 feveni foaci 
 There is a 1 
 tied in it, c 
 and a recor 
 z tything-n 
 and 4 affili 
 whofe boar 
 once a fort 
 days 4 or 5 
 the year. ' 
 town was 1 
 February, 1 
 forms a half 
 the S. fide 4 
 the top a ft 
 a bluff, at 1 
 the river, a 
 miles into 
 center of th 
 is fituated, 
 an ifland, c 
 paliure-lan( 
 a dreadful 
 public Fob 
 which drftr 
 ing with f 
 that 30,000 
 ftroycd, wit 
 and It was w 
 (hat ilic coi 
 cor<ls, ftorc 
 Lat. 3a, 5. 
 Saybro 
 the county 
 the colony 
 New-Engia 
 fidf of the 1 
 river, 14 r 
 don, and 
 It owes its 
 count Say a 
 Brook, by 
 was built, 
 rity againfl 
 who attack 
 1637. Th 
 great ufc fi 
 entrance of 
 gainft oner 
 than the I: 
 long. 71, 5 
 
 SCA RBO 
 
 the ifland 
 Caribbce-lf 
 iiiiant iUu 
 
i37. 
 
 S C A 
 
 ftfvenl foacious Tiiiares and ftreer*. 
 There is a regular mapiUicj l«t- 
 tlrd in it, confilling of 3 bailltTs, 
 and a recorder, a conlbbles, and 
 I tything«men, with a prcfident, 
 and 4 a^fhinti of the council, 
 whofe board-dayt are commutity 
 once a fortnight, and the courc- 
 dayt 4. or 5, and fometimcs 6 in 
 the year. 1 he firft houfc in thii 
 town was begun on the 9th of 
 February, 1733. The river here 
 forms a half-moon, with banks on 
 the S. fide 40 feet high, having on 
 the top a i\,it', which fatlors call 
 a bhift, at leafl; 60 feet high from 
 the river, and extending 5 or 6 
 miles into the country. In the 
 center of this half-moon the town 
 is fituated, and over-a^,uiii(t it is 
 an idand, confiding of very rich 
 paliure-land. On July 4, 1758, 
 a dreadful f^re brr>kc out in the 
 public Folature, or cuftom-houfe, 
 which dffVroycd the whole build- 
 ing with fuch irrefiftiblc fury, 
 thar 30,000 lb. o-f cocoons were de- 
 ftroycd, with o'hcr goods of value, 
 and It was with the utmolldirificuify 
 that tilt- council-houfV, public rt-- 
 conls, ftorcs, &c. were prefer vcd.. 
 Lat. 32, 5. long. 8t. 
 
 Saybrook, the oldeft town in 
 the county of Nfew- London, in 
 the colony of Conne(f^icut, in 
 New-England, fitiuted on the W. 
 fid*' of the mouth of Conncflieut- 
 rivcr, 14 miles from New Lon- 
 don, and 17 from Brentford R, 
 It owes its name to the Lord Vif- 
 count Say and Seal, and the Lord 
 Brook, by wlio£e agent the town 
 was built. Its fort was the fecu-^ 
 rity againft the Pcquec Indians, 
 who attacked them in tJic year 
 ]637» The fort has alfo been of 
 great ufc fines, in defending the 
 entrance of Connefticnt-river a- 
 gainft enemies more formidable 
 than the Indians. Lat. 41, 35. 
 long. 71, 50. 
 
 Scarborough, the capital of 
 the ifiand of 'I'obago, one of the 
 Caribbce-lflands. Jt is but in its 
 iiiiant liatCj, having been began 
 
 S C Ir 
 
 fince the y<ar 1763, when the 
 •hand was ceded by the I'renctt 
 to the Englifh; however, it flou- 
 riflici beyond tho aioll fangutnc 
 expc^atiun. 
 
 ScATARf, afmall ifiand ort the 
 eallern coaft of CapeBrc on. It i» 
 6 miles in length, and a in breadth, 
 but uninhabited. Latiiudc46, j* 
 long. 59, 15. 
 
 SCHBNECTABY, 4 tOWP fn the 
 
 county of Albany, in the pro- 
 vince of New- York, fituated on 
 the banks of the Mohawks-river, 
 I'd miles N. W. of Albany. Ic 
 iscompaft and regular, built prin- 
 cipally of brick, on a rich flat of 
 low land, funoundcd with hills* 
 It has a large Du ch church, witb 
 a ftccple and town-clock near th« 
 center. The windin);;s of the ri- 
 ver through I he town and fields,, 
 which ;ire often overflowed in the 
 fpring, form, about harvcf^, a 
 molt btautiful profpci^. ii'hfi 
 lands in the vale of Scheneftady 
 arc ib fertile, that they are com- 
 monly fold at 45I. per acre, Tho' 
 the farmers ufe no manure, they 
 till thf fid Is every year, and they 
 always produce full crops of uheat 
 or pe.irc. 1 heir church was in- 
 corponted by Gcii. Colby and 
 the town has the privilege to fend 
 a member to the afTeinbly. Front 
 this town our Indian traders ll'6 
 out for Ofwego. Latitude 42, 35* 
 long. 74, 20. 
 
 Sent' c A HERO, a< fmall vil- 
 lage, (iruated on the ealt fide of" 
 the mouth of the river Santa Ma- 
 ria, in the ilthmus of Daricn. ft 
 ftiuds upon a rifing ground, open 
 to the jiulph of St. Michael, to 
 that it is tanned withfrelh brcCic* 
 from the fea, which renders it 
 very healthy. Is has a fine ri- 
 vulet of frefh water, and fcrves 
 as a place of refrertiment for th>: 
 miners. Lat. 7, 50. long. 8a, 5. 
 
 ScH u V t,Ki LI., a rivfr in Pen- 
 fylvania, which hiiS the tide abo.vft 
 5 miles above Philadelphia, -vviicrc 
 there is an impaflable fall; ajid 
 3 miles higher anQtiicr noi niuchi 
 
S E V 
 
 better; liut trom thfnce to Read* 
 Ing is a fine gliding current, with 
 ■ gravelly and even bottom all 
 the way. 
 
 SciTiTATK, a maritime town 
 and harbour in PIvmouth county 
 •nd Colony, in New England, 
 fituated at the N. E. corner of 
 th« County, 5 milei S. of Hing- 
 ham, and 8 £. of Abingdon. 
 
 Scotland, Nkw.— SeeNo- 
 'i;* Scotia, 
 
 ScRtvAN, a good harbour on 
 the ead fide of the ifthmus of 
 Darien, but {o full of rocks at 
 the entrance, that none can pals 
 with fafctv but fuch as are ac- 
 quainted there. Lat. 9, la. long, 
 78, 40. 
 
 Sheba Island.— See .^'flJ/T. 
 
 Scrub Island, one of the 
 fmaller VirgHi Tflands, fituated to 
 Ihc W, of Virgin Gorda, and E. 
 of the north end of Tortula, on 
 which it depends. Long. 6x, 57. 
 lat. 18, z 5 
 
 Seabrook.— -See Sayhrook, 
 
 Segovia, New, a fmall city 
 in the jurifdif.ion of Gn»timala, 
 in Nt w Spain, 30 miles N. of New 
 Granada. It has feveral gold- 
 mines in its neighbourhood, tho* 
 the city is fmall and thinly peo- 
 pled. Lat. 12, 4Z. long. 87, 31. 
 
 SXGURA DE LA FroNTERA, 
 
 a large town in the province of 
 Tlafcala, and kingdom of Mexico, 
 70 miles W. of Xalappa, and in 
 the road from Vera Cruz to Mex- 
 ico. It (lands in a temperate cli> 
 mate, and a country remarkably 
 fertile, producing large quantities 
 of corn and frvits, particularly 
 grapes ; but the Spaniards will 
 not fuffer any wine to be made 
 from them, that they may be the 
 better able to keep the Indians 
 in FubjeAion. Lat. 19, »8t long. 
 xoo, 10. 
 
 Sen e c as, a tribe of Indians 
 near the banks of lake Erie. 
 
 Sev K^f-ls |. AN DS Bay, on 
 the N. fide of the river St. Lau- 
 rence, and is a very fecure har- 
 bour tor fhi|S in any wind, 25 
 
 S I L 
 
 leagues from the W. end of An- 
 (icoAl, in lat. ^o, ao. and was 
 one of the French King's polU 
 for trading with the Indians. 
 
 Sharon, a town on the wed- 
 cm boundary of Litchfield coun* 
 ty, Connefljcut, 10 miles S. W, 
 of Salilbury, on a branch of the 
 Stratford river.and la miles N.W. 
 of Kent. 
 
 Sheffield, a town inHamp- 
 /hire county, MaHachufiets- Bay, 
 in the S. W. corner of the county, 
 near the boundary of the colony 
 of Conne^icut, 10 miles N. of 
 Salilbury, on a branch of the 
 Houfiitonik river. 
 
 Shklter Island, an ifland 
 in the bay a: the E. end of Long 
 Ifland, Nc'v York, 5 miles froia 
 E. to W. and 7 from N. to S. 
 
 Sherborn, a town in Mid* 
 dlefex county, MalTachufets-Bay, 
 3 miles W. of Natick,oa a branch 
 of the Charles river, 9 milco S.E. 
 from Marlborough, and 6 N. from 
 Med way. 
 
 Sherborn, the only town 
 in the ifland of Nantucket, New 
 England, and is fituated on th« 
 N. fide of the Ifland, wliofe chief 
 inhabitants are fiilicrmen. 
 
 Shippen SBUKG, a town in 
 Cumberland county, Pcnfylvania, 
 fituated about iz miles N.E. from 
 Chambers-Town, and 24 S. W, 
 from Carliflc, on a branch of the 
 Sufquehannah. 
 
 Shrewsbury, the principal 
 town of thecountyof Monmouth, 
 in New Jerfcy, fituated on the 
 fouihern bank of a river of its 
 own name, and near the fea. It 
 is a confiderable place, coiififting 
 of near 200 families, with out- 
 plantations of 30,000 acres. Lat, 
 40, 18. long. 74, 38. 
 
 SiLLE RY, a colony on the N. 
 fide of the river St. Laurence, 
 about a mile above Quebec, io 
 called from a gentleman of that 
 name who ertabliflied it^. It has 
 nothing confiderable but a fort 
 belonging to the Jefuits before it 
 was taken by the Englifli. 
 
 SiLVII 
 
 Barnflaple 
 
 lony, Ne^* 
 
 niiifiila tha 
 
 fituated be 
 
 Ealtham n 
 
 the peninfu 
 
 Simon 
 
 the north 
 
 maha rivei 
 
 Georgia. J 
 
 in length, 
 
 breadth. I 
 
 erected on 
 
 for the defi 
 
 in which 10 
 
 may ride ir 
 
 has a rich, 
 
 oak and hie 
 
 with mejdc 
 
 fields. In 
 
 ifljnd is the 
 
 S I M S B U 1 
 ford county, 
 belong fom 
 is fituated ^ 
 N. of Farm 
 Slokumi 
 in fize of tl 
 at the mout 
 Barnrtaple c< 
 lony, New fc 
 circular, bein 
 and lies VV. 
 is near (tlic 
 Brill 
 ty. ,u 
 " S M . . 
 county, L 
 is fituated c. 
 ifland, near 
 bottom of a 1 
 Huntingdon. 
 Snow-Hi 
 in the county 
 eaftern divifu 
 
 SOCONUS 
 
 New Spain, 
 along the coa 
 bounded on t 
 vince of Chi 
 
 »K«fU ^e XT 
 
 •■>vi». ui rcia 
 
 and on the 
 Ocean and p 
 Of Tlafcala. 
 
s o c 
 
 Silver Spring, a town tn 
 Barnftaplc county, Plymouth Co- 
 lony, New England, on the pc- 
 ninfula that forms Cape-Cod bay, 
 fituatcd between Bclinf^ate and 
 Eaftham on the VV. fide, where 
 thepeninfulaisabout 5 milcsovcr, 
 Simon, St. an ifland near 
 the north mouth of the Alata- 
 maha river, in the colony of 
 Georgia. It is about 45 miles 
 in length, and from z to 4 in 
 breadth. It has a (Irong battery, 
 creeled on it in the year 1742, 
 for the defence of Jekyl Ibund, 
 in which 10 or 12 forty-gun Ihips 
 may ride in fafety. fhjs ifland 
 has a lich, fruitful foil, full of 
 oak and hickery trees, intermixed 
 with meadows and old Indian 
 fields. In the middle of this 
 illind is the town of Frcderica. 
 
 Si MS BURY, a town in Hart- 
 ford county,Conne(flicut, to which 
 belong fome copper-mines. It 
 is fmiated VV. of VViiidfur, and 
 N. of Farmington. 
 
 Slokums-Jsland, the third 
 in fizc of the Elizabeth Iflandj, 
 at the mouth of Kuzzard's bay' 
 Rarnrtaple county, Plymouth Co- 
 lony, New England. It is almoft 
 circular,bcing r,car 5 miles round, 
 and lies VV. of Tinkcrs-Ifle. It 
 is near ?!ie fame diftance from 
 Brilt --'►v as Barnftaple coi n- 
 
 ty. v«^ 
 
 S M . . y-.v, ''n King's 
 
 county, L ', New York, 
 
 isfituated c N. coaft of the 
 
 ifland, near the Sound, at the 
 bottom of a cove, 7 miles E. of 
 Huntingdon. 
 
 Snow-Hill, a fmall town 
 in the county of Somcrfet, in the 
 eaftern divifion of Maryland. 
 
 Socotviusco, a province of 
 New Spain, running 70 leagues 
 along the coaft of the South Sea, 
 bounded on the N. by the pro^ 
 vince of Chiapa, on ihc E, by 
 ..ivi», ui vciaraz ana uuatimala 
 and on the W. by the Pacific 
 Ocean and part of the province 
 Of Tlafcala, The climate Is very 
 
 S O R 
 
 hot; the rainy feafon long,name- 
 Iv from April to September ; an4 
 Ilorms arc very frequent! fo that 
 the country is very far from beine 
 enhcr healthy or plcafant. Nor 
 docs the foil produce much corn, 
 but great quantities of indigo anj 
 cocoa-nuts, which are fent by 
 fea to all the other parts of New 
 Spain. 
 
 SoLiDAD, LA, or the Dr- 
 SERT, a doyfter of bare-footcd 
 Carmelites, fltuated on a hill 1 
 leigucs N. VV. of Mexico, inclcfcd 
 with a high ftone-wall, 7 leagues 
 in compafs. The hill, on which 
 the monaftory ftands,is furround- 
 ed with rocks, in which they have 
 dug caves for oratories. Here the 
 provincial Chapter of the Order is 
 held, and here are gardens and 
 orchards 2 miles in compafs, filled 
 with the choiccft European fruit- 
 trees. 
 
 SoMBiERO, a fmall 'defert 
 ifland among the Caribbees, 18 
 milfs N. W. of Anguilla, depen- 
 dant on Barbuda. It confifts of 
 an eminence, to which the Spa- 
 nifh difoovercrs gave the name 
 as It bore ,the refcmblancc of a 
 hat. It is about i league lone 
 and near as much broad. Lat. 
 18, 30. long. 62, 30. 
 
 SOMER or SuMMf R ISHS.— . 
 
 See Bermudas. 
 
 SoMERs, a town in Hartford 
 county, Connefticut, near the ri- 
 ver Willir.:anti, which runs into 
 the Thames. It is 19 miles S.E. 
 of Springfield, and 46 N. of Neyr 
 London. 
 
 SoMERstiT, a town in the 
 county of the fame name, in Ma- 
 rylanl, Delawar. 
 
 Somerset County, the 
 moll fouthern diftri«Jt in Mary- 
 land, containing one pari/h only 
 
 Sorrel River, a river ili 
 the province of New York, ft 
 rifes in lake Chainplain. and af- 
 ter a courjc of about 69 miles. 
 fails into the river St, Laurence, 
 in the iat. of 46, 10. long. ^^\ 
 *5« 
 
 
 I 
 
S P E 
 
 S T A 
 
 SoRRKt. Fort, a fmall fort 
 built by ihc Fttnch on the wcft- 
 ein point of the mouth of Sorrel 
 river. 
 
 SrANTAUD's Bay, an excel- 
 lent harbour on the eitftcrn cop ft 
 of theifland of Cupc-Brcton. Iti 
 irouth h only a thoufand paces 
 wide, but grow* broader within, 
 and, at a league's diftance from 
 it( mouth, divide* iifclf into » 
 arms both which arc navigable 3 
 leagues up, and arc very fafc liar- 
 bours. I.at. 46,20. long. 58, ap. 
 Spanish -Town, formerly 
 the capital ot the ifland of Ja- 
 n^aiia, bring the rclidencc of the 
 Governor, and the place where 
 the Afll-mldy and grand Courts 
 of lulVicc arc kept. It was found- 
 ed by Chriftophrr Columbus, who 
 received the title of Duke de la 
 Vega,, from this town, wliich he 
 railed St. Jago dc la Vega. And, 
 being an inland town, it hiis 
 much lefs trade than Kin-fton, 
 but more gaiety. Mmy peifons 
 of large fortui es rcfide here, and 
 make a figure proportionable; the 
 number of conches kept here is 
 very great.— See J,i^o at la Vi-^a, 
 
 Spanish-Town.— See I ir- 
 
 gin Gorda. 
 
 Speight's Town, a place tn 
 
 the ifland of Barbadoes, foimnly 
 much frec^uented by the Biiftcl 
 traders, and thence called Lit- 
 tle Briftol. It is a very pictty 
 town, containing about 350 well- 
 built houfes, dilpoled into four 
 regular and fpacious ftreets, of 
 which the longtft is called Jcw's- 
 ftrect, and, with ihe other three, 
 leads do'.vn to the water-fide, 1 he 
 ml .-..els in that part of Barbadoes 
 iaiied Scotland, ufed to {hip off 
 their goods here for Ki.gland, 
 which ccca'loned the buil.i.ng of 
 ftorehoufts, and a co-.icruife of 
 people refort hither, to 'he fveix 
 advantape of the town ; I ut moft 
 of the trade is now removed to 
 Bridgetown. It has a church, de- 
 dicated to St. Tcter, which gave 
 
 name to its precinO, and i« the 
 
 ts pre< 
 •c the 
 
 place where ilie monthly felTions 
 are held. The town is dclcndeJ 
 by two forts, belides another in 
 Heaihcote's bay, fomc diUance 
 S. of the town. One of the above 
 forts (lands in the middle of the 
 town, and is mounted with 14 
 guns ; the other, which haih 3a, 
 Hands at the N. end of it. But 
 there are, befuks ihefe, feveral 
 plaitorms on the fealhore, erected 
 after the commencement of the 
 late war. Latitude 10, 9. long, 
 
 SpmNGnitB, East and 
 
 West, two towns in Hampl>»ire 
 conpty, Mafiachnfes-Bay, have 
 their d'llin^ioiis from hemg liiii- 
 ate.l on each li<le of Conntiflicut 
 rivci, ncir where We(l-Spring(icid 
 river branches ofT, about 8 miles 
 bc'ow tl c t'allj. 
 
 Sq_i' AM, a large creek on the 
 N. K. lide of Cape Ann, a few 
 Ic3k"«s from Bollon, in New- 
 England, 
 
 ST'MFOHn. a town and river 
 in Kjirficld county, Connciticut, 
 on the N. ci-a't of Long I Hand 
 Sound, 7 miles from Greenwich, 
 and 10 from Norwalk. 
 
 Stanington, a town and 
 haibour in New London county, 
 Connealcut, 8 miles E. of New- 
 
 LonJon. 
 
 Statkn-Isi.AND, an ifland 
 forming the county of Richn-ond, 
 in the province of New York, 
 abom 9 miles N.W.of New-\ork 
 city. It is about ^^ miles long, 
 and at a medium 6 in breadih. 
 On the S. fide is a confiderable 
 tra£t of good level land ; but the 
 illand is in general rough, and 
 the hills high, but pleafant and 
 fruitful. '1 he inhabitants a« 
 principally Dutch and Frerch. 
 The former have a church; btit 
 the latter, having been long with- 
 out a miniller, refort to an epil- 
 copal church in Richmond town, 
 
 - -^ r. .,io^» an/1 tlie only 
 
 one in the ifland. The mimfer 
 icccives 40I, fcr annum, ral<4 
 
have 
 
 SI few 
 New- 
 
 
 SUN 
 
 by a tax upon ihe county, Laf, 
 40, 34. long. 74, a». 
 
 Stki'hen's Fort, a f4u.ire 
 fort in the province of NewHamp. 
 Aire, fituated on the eaftcrn bank 
 of Conne^icut river, 30 mile* N. 
 of the village of Narthfield, and 
 59 S. W. of Crown. Point, 
 
 Stoughton, a town in Suf- 
 folk county, MarTachufcts-Bay, 5 
 miles S, of Milton, and 10 N. E. 
 of Walpole. 
 
 Stow, a town In Middlcfex 
 countv, in Maflachufeti-Bay, on a 
 branch of the river Concord 
 about 20 miles W. of Cambridge. 
 Sudbi;ry, a town in MiddTe- 
 jcx county, Maflachufcts - Bay, 
 fituited on a river of the fame 
 name, which rum into Concord 
 river. It is about 5 miles S. of 
 Concord, and 14 W. of Cam- 
 bridge. 
 
 SurroLK County, adivifioiT 
 in Maflachufcts - Bay, including 
 Bofton, Bofton-harbour, Sec. 
 
 Suffolk County, a divifion 
 of the province of New-York, 
 including all the eaftcrn part of 
 Long - Ifland, Shelter - Ifland 
 Fiflier's-inand.Plum-inand, and 
 the Ide of Wight. This large 
 county has bcenlong fettled, and, 
 except a fmall cpifcopal congre- 
 gation, confifts entirely of Englilh 
 Prefbyterians. The farmers are, 
 for the moft part, graziers, and, 
 living at a great diftance from New 
 York, the principal part of their 
 produce is fcnt to the markets of 
 Bolton and Rhode- Ifland. The 
 Indians, who were formerly nu- 
 merous here, are now very incon- 
 fiderable ; and thofe that remain 
 generally bind themfelvesfervants 
 to the Engli/h. 
 
 ...Sji'NBURN, a town in New 
 Weft Jcrfey, on the E. bank of 
 the E. branch of the Dclawar 
 
 ba7*"h '* ""^'^ ^* ^' °^ ^h»l'P^- 
 SuNBURY, a town in thedif- 
 
 inft of Southern, in the province 
 
 of Georgia. 
 
 SUNDBRtAND, a tOWH in 
 
 S U T 
 
 Hampfljirc county, M4fl*achufet»- 
 Bay, on the E. fide of ConiieOicuC 
 river, 8 mile* N. E. of tiatfieid, 
 and a S. £. from Oeerfield. 
 
 SurERtoR Laki, a large 
 colieaion of waters, or rather a 
 frefli-watcr fea, being near ico 
 leagues in Icnjjth.an.ljoin breadth, 
 and interfperfcd with fevcral very 
 confidcrable iflands. The middle 
 of it lies in the lat. of 47, 10. 
 long. 85, 10. The country round 
 it is very little known, being fre- 
 quented only by the Indians in 
 their huntings. It is 500 leagueg 
 in L'ircui'^. 
 
 Surry, an Inland county in 
 the diftrift of Salilbury, North- 
 Carolina. 
 
 Su R R Y , one of the counties of 
 Virginia, lying to the N. of that 
 called Ifle of Wight county. Je 
 contains 111,050 acres of land, 
 and has two parilhes, namely. 
 Southward, and Lyon's Creek. 
 
 SuisEX, a county in New 
 Weft Jerfey. ' 
 
 Sussex, one of the counties 
 in Penfylvania, and had its name 
 from Mr. Pcnn's feat in the coun- 
 ty of Suflex, in England. It lice 
 along Delawar-Bay, and is inha. 
 bited by planters, whofe plantati- 
 ons lie fcattercd at a diftance front 
 one another, according as the fet- 
 tlers made choiceof different fpota 
 of ground. 
 
 SvsQUEHAVvA, a river who 
 rifes ncdr tlie lakes in the country 
 
 ofthe Mohawks, in New York, and 
 running S. has feveral falls, which 
 prevents its having any extenfivc 
 navigation inland; vet one of its 
 branches extends it'fcif near the 
 head of the Ohio, where is a car- 
 rying-place for 40 miles, and 
 makes way for a communication 
 with that river. It empties itfdf 
 intoChcfapeak-Bay, in Maryland. 
 S u T t o N , a town in Worcefter 
 county, Maflacluifets-Bay, on a 
 branch of Mumford river. '-•~;i-- 
 N. of Uxbridge and Douglas, and 
 the fame di/lance E. from Oxford, 
 and 9 S, from Worceaer. 
 
TAB 
 
 SwANStY, a town of Ncw- 
 Bngland, in New-Plymouth Co- 
 lony, filudted at the month of 
 Providence river. It is a large 
 fcattering town, but carries on a 
 toicral>le trade. Lat. 42, 5. lung. 
 71, 10, 
 
 T. 
 
 TArACo, or ToBAffo, one 
 of the Caniljbcc-Iflandj.- 
 Sce Tabago, 
 
 Tabasco, ■ province of Mex- 
 ico in New Spain, bounded on the 
 W. b-' that <>*' Giuxaca ; on the 
 E. by that of Yucatan ; on the N. 
 by the Gulpli of Mexico, and bay 
 of Campechc, along winch it ex- 
 tendi about 40 leagues from K. to 
 W. It is a narrow flip running 
 along the fca-ftjorr 5 but neither 
 very heaitliy, nor the loll remark- 
 ably fruirful. 'I he Icd-fliore of 
 Tabafco is quite dcftiiufe of har- 
 bours, but has the mouths of two 
 Urge river?, both riling in the 
 neighbourhood of the South Sea, 
 •re of which is called Tabafco, 
 and has the capita! of its province 
 Tituated on ir« banks ; as well as 
 further W. the city Chiapa, the 
 capital of that province. They 
 have alfo great plenty of cocoa- 
 nuts, which they fend to Vera 
 Cruz. Moll of tne country is flat 
 and moid, has many marOies and 
 lakes well (tncked with hfh. Tt 
 rains 9 months out of the 12, (o 
 that the air is exccffively damp, 
 and in Feb. March, and April, 
 remarkably hot, when infinite 
 fwarms of gnats and other infrfts 
 arc produced. The coaft, from 
 the begining of September to the 
 end of March, is fubjcft to tcm- 
 pefhious noriberlv winds, which 
 render failirp dangerous during 
 ihatrcdfon. TheSpaniards brought 
 lithfr vines, lemon, orange, and 
 fig trees, which all thrive here, 
 pierc are large thickets of man- 
 groves and bamboes. and great 
 
 .. J- _f i__ rt^.C.\ ii-_ r-~ 
 
 ^ented by lions, tigers, wild long, 68, 3 
 
 TAD 
 
 bears, and deer. They hare great 
 numbers of ribbits, apri, and 
 ll}uifrel!i, with the common fruit* 
 of America, bt fides rce, barley, 
 and garden-heib», diffcrrnt fpe- 
 cies of European fowl*, ard «>thert 
 to US unknown. On rhe batiks 
 of a river, called alfo 'J'abago, are 
 great numbers of cabbage- trees, 
 ICO fcrt high, and the largtft cot- 
 ton-trees ever fcen hi any part of 
 the world. 
 
 Tabasco, or Villa HtR- 
 Mos/», the contemptible capital 
 of the above province, called alfo 
 by the Spaniards Nueflra Sennora 
 de laVittoria.from a great vi^ory 
 obtained here by G)rtea on his 
 fird ai rival. It (lands on an ifland 
 at the mouth of the rivf r Grijulva, 
 90 miles F. of Ef^irito Santo, 
 and I 60 S. E. of Mexico, The 
 river Grijalva divides itfelf, near 
 tlir fca, into 1 branches, of which 
 the wcflern falls into the river 
 Tabafco, which r'rfcs in the moun- 
 tains of Chiapa ; and the other 
 continues its courfe till within 4 
 leagues of ihe fca, where it fub- 
 divides, and feparaies the iflai d 
 above mentioned from the con- 
 tinent. The ifland of Tabafco, 
 on which the town of that name 
 is built, is about 12 leagues long, 
 and 2 and \ broad. The town 
 is not very large, but well built, 
 and confiderably anriched by a 
 conflant refort of merchants and 
 tradrfmen at Chriflmas. Lat. 17, 
 40. long. 93, 39. 
 
 T A c u N G A .—See Ltifacunga, 
 TadousAC, a fmall place on 
 the banks of the river St. Lau- 
 rence, at the mouth of the river 
 Sagiienay. It is a place of great 
 tnfEc and refort for the wild 
 natives, who bring hither large 
 quantities of fnrs to exchange ior 
 woollen cloths, linen, iron and 
 brafs utcnfiis, ribbands, and other 
 trinkets. The mouih of the ri- 
 ver on which it ftands is defended 
 
 by a fort erertcd on a rock, al- 
 rt. :, ir.ux^ I .,. .A ro 
 
r hare grett 
 
 apri, and 
 
 nmoii rruit» 
 
 ice, barlfjr, 
 
 ir«Tpnt fpe- 
 
 , ard other* 
 
 rhc batiks 
 
 raba;*n, are 
 
 bagc- trees, 
 
 Urgtft cot- 
 
 uny part of 
 
 f,I.A HtR- 
 l>te capital 
 
 caller! alfo 
 Ira Scnnora 
 real vi^ory 
 rtea on his 
 >n an ifland 
 tr Grijalva, 
 ritn Santo, 
 <ico. The 
 itfelf, near 
 8, of whielt 
 » the river 
 (he mouii- 
 
 the other 
 11 within 4 
 ere it fub- 
 
 the iflai d 
 
 I the con« 
 f Tabafco, 
 that name 
 
 ague* long, 
 'I he town 
 well built, 
 ched by a 
 chants and 
 i. Lat. 17, 
 
 .ntacunga. 
 
 II place on 
 r St. Lau- 
 f the river 
 ce of great 
 
 the wild 
 ithcr large 
 ch^nge ior 
 iron and 
 , and other 
 of the ri- 
 s defended 
 i rock, al- 
 at. 46, 50. 
 
 TEN 
 
 Tai.»ot County, a diftriA 
 of Mat viand, lying on the W. of 
 Kent, from which it is divided 
 by u double row of tree*, and is 
 bounded 011 the S. by Cecil coun- 
 ty. In this county, the capital, 
 formerly called Oxford, but now 
 Willi.imlladt, ii fituated. — See 
 WUiiamjladt, 
 
 Tamaroas, orTAMARos, a 
 large illind of Florida. Ii lies a> 
 bout 25 leagues above the Ohio, 
 with an Indian nation oppofite to 
 it on the continent, of the fame 
 name ; alfo another denominated 
 Cahokia, who dwell 011 the banks 
 of ChcpitTTo— Sec Flct'ida, 
 
 Tamalkq^ue, an inland city, 
 in the province of St. Martha, on 
 iht; coafl of lirr.i Firma. Jt is 
 /ituifed on the banks of the river 
 Magdalena, and cairies on a trade 
 on that river from New Gianada 
 t<> CarthajT^cna, from whence it is 
 above 250 miles. 
 
 Tapanai KPEQ^UE, a town of 
 Guixaca, and audience of Mexi- 
 co, in the province of this name. 
 It ftands at the foot of the moun- 
 tains Quclcnos, at the bottom of a 
 bay in tlic South-Sea; und is one 
 of the pleafantell places in this 
 country, and the beft- furni/hcd 
 with flcih, fowl, and filh, being 
 contiguous both to the fea and a 
 river, amidft rich farms flocked 
 each with between 1000 and 4000 
 head of cattle. Here are delight- 
 ful walks of orange, lemon, ci- 
 tron, fig, and other fruit-trees. 
 
 Taunton, a town in Brillol 
 £ounty, Plymouth Colony, New- 
 tngland, on the river Titiquit, 
 4 miles S. W. from Rainhani, 
 and G'N.E. from Dighton. 
 
 TkCOAN TKP EQ^UE, a tOWH 
 
 o[ Guaxaco and Mexico. It lies 
 at the fool of a mountain, on the 
 top of which is a volcano. 
 
 Teneriffe, a town of San- 
 ta Martha and Terra Firma. It 
 lUnds on the eartcrn bank of the 
 ^reat river Santa Martha, below 
 its juniftioa with that of Magda- 
 icna, jboi."; 135 niik-s from the 
 
 T E R 
 
 city of Santa Martha, tow.irds the 
 S. the road from which capital to 
 Tencriffe is very difficult by land ; 
 but one may go eafily enough 
 from one to the other, partly by 
 fea, and partly by the above-men- 
 tioned river. 
 
 Tm.uAjo, or TIQ.UAS, a pro- 
 vince of Mexico ; according to 
 the accounts of fome Spanilh tra- 
 vellers, being about lat. 37, where 
 they found 16 villages. 
 
 TiNCcuM, a .-"lace of PenfyU 
 vania, where the Swedes have a 
 meetiiig-h'iufe, but whether lying 
 on the borders of the county of 
 Buckingham, or iho.'c of Phila- 
 delphia, docs not appear, 
 
 Te r r a ox. La pratov, i. t» 
 the Ploughman or Labourer's 
 Land, one of the northern coun- 
 tries, which the Knglilh call 
 New- Britain. It Jits S. W. of 
 Groenland, with Hudfon's Straits 
 and part of the Atlantic-Ocean 
 on (he N.E.and the latter alfo 
 on thr E. on the S.E. it is divided 
 from Newfoundland by the ftraits 
 of Belleifle ; on the S. it has the 
 gulph and river of St. I.aurcnce, 
 with part of Canada; anu on the 
 W, Hudfon's - Eay, It extends 
 from lat. 50 to 63, and from 
 long. 51 to 79. It is nearly of a 
 triangular form. We have no 
 knowledge of its inland parts, and 
 but an impcrfcft one of its coafts. 
 The extrcn.e poverty and brutal 
 fiercencfs of the people dwelling 
 near the fca-/hore, with the very 
 pinching coldncfs of the climate, 
 have deterred the European* from 
 making any ftttlements there. 
 This country is inhabited by a 
 fierce and favage people, called 
 Elkimaux, — which fee. 
 
 Not long ago, a new fea or 
 ftrait was dii'covered on the weft- 
 em (ide of this land from Hud- 
 fbn's-Bay ; but whether it be 
 onlv a puloh. or rnmmiiiiir-iii-« 
 wiih KiiflfonVBay, or the North 
 Sea, is a point not yet afcertained. 
 All that we find from the beft 
 maps is, that the cmrunce into 
 
T E R 
 
 that fca lies between lat. 5I and 
 
 59* 
 
 TafcRA FiKMA, a kingdom of 
 
 Soutli Amerira. It be^ini north- 
 vfardi at the liver of Durirn, and 
 llrctching Itfcif along l»y Nomhre 
 de DIoi, Hocai dc'l'orn, Hahiu del 
 Alniii'unic.and it terminated welt- 
 word by the river dc loiDnradoi, 
 In the North Sea. Townrdi tlic 
 South Sea, bcjjinning on the weft- 
 cm part, it extendi from Piinta 
 Ciordn in Cu(tn Rira, by I'unia 
 dc Mnriato*, Morro dc riicixon, 
 to the Giilph of Puricn, whence 
 It continues fouthward along the 
 <«»aft. by Puerto de Pinai luid 
 Morro Q^irmudo, to tlic Hjy of 
 St. Uonaventurn. Its Icngtii (rom 
 E. to W. is 180 leapuci, but, if 
 nicaliucd along the co:il^, it cx- 
 c«cda 2305 and its brcutlih from 
 N. to$ is the fiimc witli tiiat oi 
 the ifthmus, including the whole 
 province of Panama, und part of 
 that of Darien. It contains the 
 three provinces of Panama, Da- 
 rien. and Veraguas! which others 
 fubdivide, from W. to E. into 
 Popnyun, New Grunadu, or Santa 
 Fe, orCalU-llo del Oio, and New 
 Andululta on the S. then, going 
 from E. to W. Venezuela, Rio 
 de la Hacha, Santa Murthii, Car> 
 ihagena, and 'I cna Tirmu I'ropcr, 
 which IK the i(lhnni!> of Daricn, 
 en the N. 
 
 Terra Firma has part of Peru, 
 the Amaton's country, ami part 
 of (juiana, on the S. the river 
 Oroonoko, which parts it from 
 Guiana, on the S. K. the Atlantic 
 Ocean on the E. and that part of 
 it Called (he North Sea on the N. 
 •«nd the South Sta on the W, 
 vhcrc the illhmus of Darien alfb 
 parts it from Mexico, or New 
 Spain. 
 
 The narroweft part of the ifth- 
 mus is fr;)m the rivers Darien and 
 Charrc, on the North Sea, to 
 thofc of I'ito and Caymito on the 
 South Sea ; wnd here the tliftancc 
 from fea to iVa is about 14 leagues : 
 Afterwards it iacrcaiCi* in breadth 
 
 T H A 
 
 towards Choco and Sltara | and 
 the Came weftward, in the pro- 
 vince of Veraguat, forming an 
 Interval of 40 leagues from fea 
 to fca. 
 
 Along this ifthmui run thofc 
 famous chains of lofty mountains 
 called the Andes; which, begin- 
 ning at fuch a prodigious dillance 
 ait the I crra Magcllanica, travrrfe 
 the kingdom of Chili, the pro- 
 vince of Huenos Ayies, through 
 Peru and Qiiito ; and from tnc 
 latter province iheycontra^Ubem- 
 fclvesi, as it were, for a psfiage 
 through this narrow itihmus i 
 aftervvuld^, again widening, they 
 continue their couric through Ni- 
 caragua, Ciuatininla, Cotia Kica, 
 St, Miguel, Mexico, Guiijitca, la 
 Pucbla, and others, with (cve- 
 ral urms and ramifications for 
 flreiigthening, as it were, the 
 fouthcm with the northern parts 
 of Amciica. 
 
 The capital of the whole king- 
 dom of Terra I'irmii, at well as 
 of its particular province of the 
 fame n.ime, i» Pai\ama ; be fides 
 which arc the two cities of Porto- 
 Hello and Santiago de Nuta de los 
 Cavallcros, with one town, iumo 
 few forts, fevcral vill.igcs and 
 country- feats, &e. '1 lu othw 
 places in the two reniaining dif- 
 II ids are not vciy conliderable. 
 
 Tkrra FiawA pRoi'iiR.— 
 See Dar'ioi. 
 
 Ti-sriGORS, iflauds near the 
 craft of Nc-w Andiihilia, in I'erra 
 Firma, in South America. 
 
 T»wKKS»URY, a village in 
 Middlcfex county, Manachuleis- 
 Bay. 
 
 THAMrs, a river of New. 
 F.ngland, wliicli, rifirg in a lake 
 N. of the Maftathufcts ct-iinuy, 
 runs dircdiy fouth, and fulU in- 
 to the fca, below New London, 
 and E.of Connecticut rivir. This 
 is a conlidcKible ft ream, with te- 
 vcral fuiall branches, the princi- 
 pal of which arc called Glafs ri- 
 ver, Ruftcl's Delight, and the 
 Indian livcrt 
 
 Thomas 
 
 lot. AND, t1 
 
 northerly il 
 E, of Forto 
 uin-fllci, in 
 is alxmt 3 !( 
 on an avori 
 The foil U 
 tcrcd. It al 
 millet, mam 
 of fruits an 
 fiigar and t 
 trcincly itifc 
 itnd other 
 'I'liiri illand ] 
 irons, lemoi 
 ami iig-trccs 
 horfcH or bla 
 niilicd with 111 
 I'm to Rico. 
 kiilii, and all 
 but from the 
 ind great pl 
 provitions at 
 monly the ci 
 falc and CO 
 with 2 lutur: 
 cui.ited, as it 
 batteries for 
 entrance. 'I 
 only 6 or 7 I 
 lias 2 mafte 
 Brandenburg 
 which are un 
 tlie former ; 
 hero is Carrie 
 uiiJcr the n\ 
 Nearly in ihi 
 hour is a fma 
 or out -worp 
 wliicli begins 
 W. of it, COS 
 li'ng (trcct, a 
 i:! the Dani 
 liiiiliiing, wit! 
 hduli-s for t 
 goods, as wel] 
 iit-j;rocs, in 
 tridc with the 
 llie right fide ( 
 Brandenburg « 
 - littic ftrec-ts, 
 higce$ from Ei 
 Moft of the I 
 bciiij^ built an 
 
iiarti I and 
 the pro- 
 
 >rntin^ an 
 from fca 
 
 run ttiofc 
 
 mouniiilni 
 
 rh, begin* 
 
 ui Hidunre 
 
 :a, travrrfe 
 
 , the pro- 
 
 I, thrmiKli 
 
 from the 
 
 :rj<Ubcm- 
 
 « pa nil JVC 
 
 i((timu» i 
 
 iiinn, ihi:y 
 
 uoiigh Ni- 
 
 ofia Kica, 
 
 rtliijitCd, U 
 
 *itn (icve- 
 itions for 
 were, the 
 hern parts 
 
 hole king> 
 as well us 
 ICC of (he 
 I ; hi fulc« 
 » of I'orto- 
 slutj dr lot 
 iwn, iumo 
 ll.if,cc and 
 I la othor 
 liiiing (lif* 
 derahlc. 
 
 ROVER.— 
 
 » ncur the 
 , in I'erra 
 
 icd. 
 
 viilacA in 
 n.<chul'ei!>- 
 
 of New. 
 ; ill a like 
 t ceil HI ry, 
 1 falU iii> 
 ,' London, 
 ivir. This 
 , with <c- 
 hc piiiui- 
 GUfs ri- 
 and the 
 
 T H O 
 
 THOMAa, St. or the Danii 
 Island, die largcll and inuft 
 northerly illc lo leagues to the 
 E, of Forto Rico, one of tlie Vlr- 
 pii-lllci, in the Wcfl'Indici [t 
 in about 3 leaguci in length, and, 
 on an average, one in breadth. 
 The fyil iii fandy, and badly wa- 
 tered. It abouitdi with potatoes, 
 millet, mandroca, and mod forts 
 of fruits and herbage, efpcclally 
 fiigar and tobacco } hut is ex- 
 trtincly infellcd wiih mnlketocs, 
 (Old other troublcfomc vermin. 
 Thin illand produces oranges, ci- 
 lion*, lemons, guaviis, bmanas, 
 and iig-ticcs( but they have few 
 liorfcK or bl.ick cattle, yet arc fur- 
 iiiilicd with Hclh-mcat enough from 
 I'm to Rico. Here are excellent 
 kid*, and all forts of wild-fowl, 
 but from the numbers of people, 
 Slid great plenty of money here, 
 provitioiis arc, as is molt com- 
 monly the cafe, dc.ir. Here is a 
 file and commodious harbour, 
 with a natural mounds on it. caU 
 cul.ited, as it were, for placing z 
 batteries for the «lefcnce of its 
 entrance. Though the idand is 
 only 6 or 7 leagues in circuit, it 
 lias 2 mailers ; the Danes and 
 Braiidcnburghcrs, the latter of 
 which arc under the proteftion of 
 tiic former ; though all the trade 
 licrc is carried on by the Dutch, 
 under the name of the Danes. 
 Neuly in the center of the har- 
 bour is a fmall fort, without ditch 
 or out -works; and the town, 
 ivliicli begins about jo or 6o paces 
 W. of it, confilU chiefly ot one 
 Icng (trect, at the end of which 
 is the Danilh faflory, a large 
 iiiiilding, with convenient waic- 
 hdulis for the (towage of the 
 goods, aj well as the reception of 
 in.-{;rocs, in which article they 
 tilde with the Spaniards. On the 
 il><: right fide of (his faftory is the 
 Brandenburg quarter, confilling of 
 s l.ttic itrec-ts, fuii ot French re- 
 fugees from Europeand thciflands. 
 Moft of the houfcs are of brick, 
 being built and tiled in the Dutch 
 
 T ic 
 
 fafhion; yet but of i ftory high.on 
 account of the foundation, where, 
 before they dig to the depth of 3 
 feet, they meet with water and 
 auickfands. The trade of this 
 fmall illind, particularly in time 
 of peace, is very conhdcrablc 1 
 this being the ftiplc for fuch traf- 
 fic as the French, Knglilh, Dutch, 
 and Spaniards, «larc not tarry on 
 publicly in their own in.uids x 
 and in war-time privateers bring 
 their prizes hither for falc. A. 
 great number of vcljcls trade from 
 licnce along the coafli of Terr* 
 rirma, uiid return with a Kicat 
 deal of fuecie, or bars, and valua- 
 ble merchandize; fo that the place 
 is wealthy, and always wcll-rtock- 
 ed with all forts of goods. In 
 1688 the Danifti faiftory here wa$ 
 ai tacked and plundered by the 
 French buccaneeiii. A large bat- 
 tel y has fjnce been ercftcd, mount- 
 ed with ao pieces of cannon. In 
 Aug. 30, 177a, it furfcrcd 200,000 
 dollar* damage, by a mol\ violent 
 Ilorm. 
 
 TmrkeRivbrs .—Sec Treble 
 River, 
 
 TiDiRON Cape, a round 
 black rock, which is the mofl 
 wcftcrn point of the whole ifland 
 of Hifpaniola, in the Wcft-Indic3, 
 Hee Hi/paniola and St. Domingo. 
 
 TlCICLB-Mt-<i.UCKI. y Ha«« 
 
 BouR, fo Called by the Englifh, a 
 fine little fandy bay of Terra Fir- 
 ma Proper, on the Ifthmus of 
 Darien, at the N. W. end of a 
 rilTof rocks, with good anchorage 
 and fafe landing, the extremity of 
 the rocks on one fide, and the 
 Samballas iflands (the range of 
 which begin from hence) on the 
 other fide, guard it from the fea, 
 and fo form a very good harbour. 
 It is much frequented by pri« 
 vatcers. 
 
 TicoNDERAGo, a fort, built 
 by the French in the year 1756. 
 on the narrow paiTage, or com- 
 munication, between the lakes 
 George and Champlin. It had all 
 the advautagcs tliat art or uaiure 
 
TLA 
 
 could give it, being defcndetl on 
 3 fides by water ftirrouiidcd by 
 rocks, and by bulf of the fourtli 
 by a fwamp, and where th^t fuils 
 tbc Fr^tich crcfled a breaft-work 
 9 feet high. 
 
 TiNKKHs-IstANP, thc rccond 
 largeU of the Elizabetli-iflands, at 
 rhe entrance of Biiz«ard's-bay, and 
 is the middlemoft of ti>c three. 1-t 
 is about I mile W. from Nafhawn- 
 inand.and about 8 from thc ncarcft 
 land of Barnilaplc county. This 
 ifland is about 3 miles from N. to 
 S. and I and \ from E. to W. be- 
 tween it and Nafhawn is a chan> 
 nel for floops, as well as between 
 it and Slokums-illc, about i mile 
 further W. 
 
 TisBUKV,a town on the S. fide 
 of thc ifland of Martha's Vine- 
 yard, New- England ; lituated a- 
 bout 9 miles from Chilmark, on 
 a convenient cteek, and inhabited 
 by fiftiermcn. 
 
 Tlascal AjOrtos Angelos, 
 t province of New- Spain.— Sec 
 
 TfcASCALA., the antient capital 
 of Angelos, once thc fee of a bi- 
 (hop, 45' miles £. of Mexico, and 
 60 N. of Los Angelos, its mo- 
 dern capital. It has a pIcaCant 
 fitc on the bank« of a river which 
 runs into the South -Sea ; but is 
 modly inhabited by Indians, who 
 in general are very rich, being 
 free from ail taxes and duties, as 
 we obferved before ; and having 
 been entirely converted to chrif- 
 tianity, they have feveral good 
 churcnes and monallenes. In 
 Gage's time there were no lefs 
 than a8 »^owns and villages under 
 the jurifdi^lion ot this city, con- 
 taining 1 50,000 families : he writes 
 that it was worth all ibe towns and 
 villages between I. a Vera Cruz 
 and Mexico, tlie former being 
 J-40 miles S. E. t)t it. When ilie 
 Spaniards tirtl arrived htie, it con- 
 Inincd 300000 luh.ihitunis ; and 
 it had a market- place large enough 
 lo hold 3o,cuo buyers and fellers; 
 Ihat in the ihambics were feldom 
 
 T O B 
 
 lefs than 15,000 Iheeps, 4000 ox- 
 en, and 2000 hogs. But matters 
 were fo much altered, that Ge- 
 mclti, who was here in 1698, fays, 
 it was then become an ordinary 
 village, with a pariflr-church, in 
 which hangs up a piOure of the 
 ftip which brought Cortez to I.a 
 Vera Cruz. This city, according 
 to Captain Cook, llandl in the 
 valley of Ailifco, which is a league 
 and an half over, producing above 
 100,000 buflicls of wheat in a 
 year. Lat. 19, 51. long. 102, 5. 
 
 To A , one of the 2 rivers ( Baj.i- 
 mond iKiing thc other) which 
 empties itfclf into the harbour of 
 Porto Rico, in thc Antilles illand 
 of the fame name. It rifcs from 
 Mount Guiamc, on the S. fide of 
 thc illand, about 16 leagues from 
 the town, and, running N. in a 
 large rtream to Moont Curvas, di- 
 vides itfclf into 2 branches, be- 
 twixt which the other river Baja- 
 mond has its fource. 
 
 Tobago, or Tabago, one of 
 the Caribbee-Iflands, 30 miles N. 
 of Trinidad, and 120 S. of Bar- 
 badoes. It is about 72 miles long, 
 and 12 broad. It was firll peo- 
 pled by the Dutch, who made an 
 eOablifhment there in 1632, wlio 
 were expelled bv tlie Indians, and 
 foon after the Couri.uidcrs took 
 their place, under the protection 
 of thc Englifli. The French con- 
 quered this ifland, and returned it 
 to thc Dutch, who they cxpeilcd 
 in 1677, and left itdefolaie. From 
 this period it continued as a neu- 
 tral ifland till the peace of 1763, 
 when it became the properly of 
 thc Englifli. It is about 25 
 leagues in circumference, and a- 
 bounds throughout with little hills 
 that might be cultivated, and has 
 a few craggy mountains at the 
 N. E. end, out of which run nu- 
 merous dreams and rivers. The 
 air is cooled by the fca-breezest 
 that, notwithllanding its vicinity 
 to thc line, it becomes very fup- 
 portable to Europeans. Thtcoiifl 
 alfordi 10 or 12 large and convc 
 
 riiciit bays, 
 
 where the 
 
 chor. All 
 
 ufeful treei 
 
 here, and I 
 
 10 a prodigii 
 
 fides whole 1 
 
 .1 fupcrior c 
 
 thofe trees \ 
 
 ^um-copal. 
 
 hiillard kind 
 
 cinnamon ir 
 
 full of game 
 
 foil, though 
 
 always black 
 
 ful as in an^ 
 
 bees ; and 1 
 
 the activity !J 
 
 the culture 
 
 rifen and inc 
 
 The whole i 
 
 7 divifions, 
 
 acres. The 
 
 286 plantati( 
 
 for Aigar, of 
 
 porta at read] 
 
 neadt a yeai 
 
 the riftng to 
 
 Near the coal 
 
 ward* the S. 
 
 the Caribbc. 
 
 blc to hurrii 
 
 Caribbee-Iflj 
 
 cinity to th 
 
 tude II, 36. 
 
 Toi.u, a 
 
 ma, with a 1 
 
 the North-S« 
 
 fam of the fa: 
 
 this place ; 
 
 Carthagcna. 
 
 tude 77, 5. 
 
 Tomaco, 
 payan, and ' 
 3 leagues to 
 ifle. And al 
 half within t 
 town of the ; 
 fmail, the it 
 cotnmonly i 
 with nrovino! 
 here for refre 
 yer begins a 
 ing lev or la I 
 vtMird. All ai 
 
t 
 
 1, 4000 ox- 
 But matters 
 , tliBt Ge- 
 
 1698, fays, 
 n orjinary 
 -church, in 
 ture of the 
 jrtez to I.a 
 , according 
 ndk in the 
 I1 is a league 
 ucing above 
 ivhcat in a 
 ng. 102, 5. 
 ivcrs (Baj.i- 
 !icr) which 
 
 hnibour of 
 itilles iiland 
 t rifcs from 
 le S. fide of 
 lagncs from 
 ing N. in a 
 Ciirvas, di- 
 anches, hc- 
 
 liver Biija- 
 
 lGo, one of 
 ^o mile* N. 
 ) S. of B.ir- 
 
 miles long, 
 ts firll peo- 
 ho made an 
 
 1632, wiio 
 [ndians, and 
 uidcrs took 
 : protection 
 French con- 
 1 returned it 
 icy expelled 
 date. From 
 ;d as a neii- 
 ice of 176], 
 properly of 
 \ about 25 
 nee, and a- 
 th little hills 
 :cd, and has 
 ;ains at ilie 
 lich run nu- 
 ivcrs. The 
 
 fca-breczes, 
 [ its vicinity 
 ics very fup- 
 !. Thccoifl 
 i and convc* 
 
 TOM 
 
 iiicnt hays, among whom arc z 
 where the lar^ft (hips may an- 
 chor. All fori I of vegetables and 
 ulVful tree* arc very ahondont 
 here, and fomc of the luft grow 
 10 a prodigious fize ; there arc be- 
 fidfs whole thickets of faflafras of 
 a Aipcrior quality, as well as of 
 thole treci which afl'ord the frnc 
 g«m-copal. There is produced a 
 halKird kind of the nut-meg, and 
 cinnamon trees, and the woods are 
 full of game and wild hogs. The 
 foil, though fomctimes fandy, is 
 always black, deep, and as fruit- 
 ful as in any other of the Carilj- 
 hees ; and it is aflonithing to fee 
 flic activity and fuccefs with which 
 the culture of this ifland has a- 
 rifen and incrcafed fiiicc the peace. 
 The whole ifland is tomprixed in 
 7 divifions, and contains 52,058 
 acres. They reckon at prefcnt 
 a86 plantations, among whorm 40 
 for fugir, of which the ifland ex- 
 ports already above 3000 bogf- 
 heads a year. On the S. fide is 
 the rifing town of Scarborough. 
 Near thecoail, and principaJiy to- 
 wards (he S. are fome families of 
 the Caribbs. Tobago is not lia- 
 blc to hurricanes, Hke the other 
 Caribbee-Iflands, owing to its vi- 
 cinity to the continent. Lati- 
 tude II, 36. long. 59, 10. 
 
 Toi.u, a town of Terra- Fir- 
 >na, with a harbour on a bay of 
 the North-Sea. The famous bal- 
 fam of the fame name comes from 
 this place; 114 miles S. W. of 
 Carthagcna. Lat. 9, 36. longi- 
 tude 77, 5. 
 
 ToMACO, a large river of Po- 
 payan, and Terra Firma, about 
 3 leagues to the N. E. of Galla- 
 ide. And about a Icigue and an 
 half within the river is an Indian 
 town of the fame name, tho' but 
 fmall, the inhabitants of which 
 commonly fupply little veflels 
 
 with Drovinnn<(. u;K«>n tFii>« niir m 
 ; ' '■"' } r — •" 
 
 nere tor refrcinment. At this ri- 
 yer begins a great wood, extend- 
 ing 10. or jz leagues to the fouth- 
 vtuu-d. All along this c(m11 are fe- 
 
 TOR 
 
 veral rivers, at whofe heads lioth 
 the Spaniards and Indians wait 
 for gold which wafhcs down from 
 the mountains. This is a very 
 rainy place, cfpccially from April 
 tu Oflobcr, which is the winter 
 fcafon here : at which time from 
 liencc alt norrhward along the 
 coalt of Mexico is cautiiuial thun- 
 der and lighining, with rain, and 
 fcver.il violent tornadoes or whirl- 
 winds. Tiic I md-marks here are, 
 that the land is higher than tho 
 coafts of Gorgona, and very full 
 of hills and trees, particularly one 
 very high mount. 
 
 To PI A, a mountainous barren 
 part of Ncw-Bifcay province, in 
 Mexico ; yet mofl of the neigh- 
 bouring parts are plcafant, abound- 
 ing with all manner of piovifions. 
 Topsrixt. D, a town near the 
 middle of the cwinty of Ii(}i;x, 
 the moft N. of the MafTachufctg- 
 Bay. It has a very pleafant fitua- 
 tion, but no river near it, and is 
 the noidway between Reading and 
 Rowley, 
 
 Tortoises, tm« Rivkr or, 
 lies 10 miles above a lake »o mile* 
 long, and 8 or 10 broad, which 
 i« formed by the Miflitippl, in 
 Louifiana, or Caroiana, and Flo- 
 rida. It ii a large fine river, 
 which runs into the country a 
 good way to the N. E. and is na- 
 vigable 40 miles by the largeft 
 boats. 
 
 ToRToi.A Isi.s, one of the 
 Virgin -Iflands, near FortoRico, 
 on which depend the little iflands 
 of Joft Van Dykes, Little Van 
 Dykes, Guana -ifland, and Beef 
 and Thatch iflands. Inthis, which 
 is the principal of the Englifli 
 Virgin - Iflands, is almoft all the 
 trade carried on ; it is near 5 
 leagues long, and % broad, but 
 bad / watered, and reckoned un- 
 healthy. They cultivate cotton 
 
 -•-•■<-, rrft-i.:! ts jsjutsi csicc:::cu Wf 
 
 the manufacturers. Long, tfj, 35, 
 Lat. 18, 15. 
 
 ToRTUGA, Salt, or Sal 
 ToRTUGA, 4c ifland oa the Wr 
 S » 
 
TOR 
 
 of NewAndalufia, and Terra Fir- 
 ma, fo called in contradiftinftion 
 to the (boali of Dry Tortugas, 
 near Cape Florida, and to the ifle 
 of Tortuga, near that of Hifpa- 
 niola. It is pretty large, uninha- 
 bited, and abounds with fait. It 
 lies in lat. ii, 36. and long. 64. 
 34 leagues northerly from Marga- 
 rita, and 17 or 18 from Cape Blan- 
 co on the main. The E. end of 
 Tortuga is full of rugged, bare, 
 and broken rocks, which ftretch 
 themfclves a little way out to fea. 
 At the S. E. part is an indifferent 
 good road for (hipping, and much 
 frequented in peaceable times by 
 merchantmen, who come hither 
 to lade fait, from May to Auguft. 
 For at the E. end is a large falt- 
 pond within aoo paces of the fea. 
 Near the W. extremity of the 
 iflaad, on the S. fide, there is a 
 fmall harbour and fome frc(h wa- 
 ter. That end of the ifland is 
 fuii of flinibby trees ; but the E. 
 *nd is rocky, and bare of trees, 
 producing only coarfe grafs. The 
 turtles, or tortoifes, come into 
 the fandy bays to lay their eggs, 
 and from hence the ifland has its 
 name. There is no anchoring 
 any where but in the road where 
 the falt-ponUs are, or in the har- 
 bour. 
 
 Tortugas, or To RTU DAS, 
 one of the Antilles- Iflcs, in the 
 "Weft-Indies, near the N. coaft of 
 Hifpaniola. It was formerly the 
 great refidencc of the buccaneers, 
 and lies off Cape St. Nicholas, 86 
 miles N. of Petit Guavcs, and 35 
 Spanifli leagues E. from Cuba. It 
 is furrounded with rocks on the 
 N. and W. fides ; and the road 
 on the E. fide is very hard to 
 find, and very difficult and dan- 
 gerous when found, by rcafon of 
 j-ocks and fands ; and the difficul- 
 ty of accefs, probably, made this 
 the retreat of the buccaneers, 
 x'jic Spaniards, however, denroy- 
 ed their fettlements here in 1638, 
 with extreme cruelty; notwith- 
 Aaading which ihe buccaneers re- 
 
 TOR 
 
 turned, and fettled here again, 
 under the command of Capt. Wil- 
 les, an Englishman : but not long 
 after he was obliged to abandon it 
 to the French, who were harrafled 
 many years by the Spaniards, and 
 driven off the ifland more than 
 once. The French, however, hav- 
 ing conftant fupplies from their 
 their iflands, and being joined 
 from time to time by adven- 
 turers of all nations, they ftill 
 kept up their claim, and at laft 
 not only fixed themfelvcs in this 
 little ifland, but bc;^an to make 
 fettlements on the W. end of St. 
 Domingo, where they built fome 
 villages and feveral forts. It is 
 rocky, cfpecially on the N. fide ; 
 yet full of tall palms and other 
 trees, producing not only tobacco, 
 but yellow fandtr5,gHiacum, gum- 
 elemi, china-root, aloci, fugar, 
 indigo, cotton, ginger, oranges, 
 citrons, apricots, bananas, maize, 
 aromatic laurels, and moft of the 
 fruits which grow on the other 
 iflands, together with peafe, and 
 the ufual roots for food. But 
 from want of fprings the people 
 are forced to fave rain-water in 
 cifterns. Here are great numbers 
 of wild boars, which they are for- 
 bid to hunt, as ferving for pio- 
 vifions whenever an invaflon o- 
 bliges the inhabitants to retire 
 into the woods. Befides parrots, 
 thruflies, and other birds, here 
 are wild or wood pigeons, which 
 are very good at a certain feafon, 
 but at other times are lean and 
 bitter. Here is ftore of land and 
 fea crabs, wh ch, if eaten fre- 
 quently, occafion giddincfs, and 
 dimnefs of fighr. The N. part of 
 the ifland is defolate, from the air 
 being unhealthy, as well as th« 
 coaft rugged ; but the S. part is 
 pretty populous, with good an- 
 chorage, and abounds with fifli. 
 It has but I convenient harbour, 
 the ciiUaucc inlo which is by 2 
 chanuels, and is capable of re- 
 ceiving large fliips. It lies at the 
 bottom of a deep bay ia that part 
 
 ©f the cou 
 Lands. A 
 na is defer 
 fo called f 
 nor, the foi 
 rifliing cole 
 long- 73, I 
 
 TOTJLOI 
 
 called Port 
 of Cape B 
 trance of 
 It lies beti 
 called little 
 of St, Pete 
 Madame, c 
 
 ToWNSli 
 
 N. cx<remii 
 
 ry, Maflach 
 
 branch of 1 
 
 Trebl 
 
 from 3 riv 
 
 ftreams abo 
 
 below the t 
 
 great one 
 
 ftands in Ca 
 
 formerly thi 
 
 gMvernmcnt 
 
 to by fevera 
 
 down thofe 
 
 i<n various 
 
 town has p; 
 
 ing commo< 
 
 center of th 
 
 quently free 
 
 the Iroquois 
 
 of the Gove 
 
 jjur under hi 
 
 of Recollcti 
 
 of the place 
 
 common eir 
 
 which the 1 
 
 their furs ai 
 
 to fell, bef 
 
 feiaed it at 
 
 Montreal. 
 
 faid to be 
 
 though the i 
 
 thy, and th 
 
 and richly ft 
 
 try round it 
 
 tile in com, 
 
 good numbi 
 
 handfome i\ 
 
 on each fide 
 
 «uinbcr» of 
 
T R E 
 
 •f the coui '•y called the Low 
 LarKl*. And the town of Cayo- 
 na is defended by fort Dageron, 
 fo called from a French Gover- 
 nor, the founder of this now flou- 
 rifliing colony. Latitude 20, 10. 
 long- 73, IS- 
 
 ToTJLousE Port, formerly 
 called Port St. Peter, on the coaft 
 of Cape Breton, juft at the en- 
 trance of the Strait of Fronfac, 
 ft lies between a fort of gulph, 
 called little St. Peter, and the ifles 
 of St, Peter, oppofite to thofe of 
 Madame, or Maurepas^, 
 
 TowNSHfND, a village at the 
 N. extremity of MiddlefcK couh- 
 ry, Maflachufets-Biy, ccar the N. 
 branch of the Naibnay-ri , 1 1 . 
 
 Trebli - River, lb called 
 from 3 rivers vi>liich center ihcir 
 ftreami about a quarter of a mile 
 below the town, and fall into the 
 great one of St Laurence. [t 
 Jlands in Canada Proper, and was 
 formerly the capital of the French 
 gtjvernmcnt, and much refbrttd 
 to by feveral nations, which come 
 down thofe rivers to it, and trade 
 m various forts of furs. The 
 town has pallifadas rouiiu it, be- 
 ing commodioufly fituatcd ia the 
 ctntcr of the country, and confc-' 
 quently free from the eruptions of 
 the Iroquois. It was the refidencc 
 of the Governor, who kept a ma- 
 jlur under him, with a monartery 
 of Recollcts, who are tlw curates 
 of the place. It was likewife the 
 common emporium, or mart, to 
 which the natives ufcd to brine 
 their furs and other commoditit" 
 to fell, before the Englilh firfl 
 fciaed it and the fetilemcnt at 
 Montreal. The town itfclf is 
 faid to be but thinly peopled, 
 though the inhabitants arc weal- 
 thy, and the houfes very large 
 and richly furnilhed. The coun- 
 try round it is pleafant, and fer- 
 tile in com, fruits, &c. and has a 
 good number of lordfllins and 
 handfome feats belonging to it : 
 on each fide of the river are great 
 «umbcr» oi |^?nt«l hoafcs, hard- 
 
 T R T 
 
 ly a gun-/hot from one anotfef^ 
 and the river is covered with plea« 
 fure and filhing-boats, which catch 
 vaft quantities of filb, efpccially^ 
 eels of a prodigious Gie. The^ 
 commotily come in with the tide^ 
 and are caught In baflicts laid for 
 the purpofe ; and being falted and 
 barrelled will keep good • year* 
 The town is about 50 miles Si, 
 from Quebec, and the failing up' 
 and down from one to the other 
 extremely pleafant, and even i^ 
 leagues further up. Lat.-46, 51^ 
 long. 75, 15. 
 
 Trentoi*, the county towtf 
 of Hunterdon, in New-Jerfey. If 
 is fituated on the Delawar-r^ver^ 
 27 miie» N. of Philadelphia, and 
 is a pretty well-built town, whcrs^ 
 the bufinei^ of the county it Uiof* 
 a^ed. 
 
 Trieste, an ifland of Yuca-- 
 tan, in Mexico. It lies on xhc 
 W. fid-^ of Port- Royal- ille, and 
 is about 3 leagues from W. to Er 
 Trinidad, or Trintt*, a^ 
 town of New-Granada, and Tcr-r 
 ra.Pirma, about 23 miles N. £, 
 of St. Fe. It (lands on the eafteny 
 bank of the river Magd^lena«- 
 The fite is very convenient, but 
 the inhabitants have had frequent 
 wars with the neighbduring la-r 
 dians, who are of a martial* and' 
 turbulent difpofition. 
 
 Trinidad, TrinipaOa, or 
 Trinity, an ifljivd of New^An-^ 
 dalufia, in Terra-P irma. It pari**- 
 ly forms the ftrait of Paria, or 
 Bocca de Drago, and is much lar^ 
 ger than any of thofe on ibis 
 coaft. Its caftermod point lies in 
 lat. 10, 38. long. 60, 27. Tils' 
 ifland is 36 leagues in length, and- 
 18 or 20 in breadth. Its climate 
 is unhealthy, the ifland being very'' 
 often covered with thick- fogs. 
 Sir Walter Raleigh,, who was- 
 there fome lime in the year ij;93,< 
 and examined the ifland, gives ao 
 
 it is high land; but that its foil 
 was good, proper for planting of 
 fuaor-canes; t9b«cco,. Sit* iitFO- 
 5-3: 
 
 ■'I 
 '1 
 
 I d 
 i il 
 
 ill 
 
T R I 
 
 •re Tcveral forti of animals, plen- 
 ty of wild hogj, fifli, fowl, and 
 fruit. It aifo produces maize, 
 caHava, and other roots, and in ge- 
 iitral ail that is commonly found 
 in America. 'I he port of St. Jo- 
 feph, on the W. lide, is the prin- 
 cipal one on the ifland. The in- 
 hahitants arc a mixture of Spa- 
 niards and Indians, who are lazy, 
 thievifh, and iupcrftiticus. It is 
 lubjert 10 Spain. 
 
 Trinjdad, la, an open town 
 of Vcragua, and audience of Mexi- 
 co. It (lands on the banks of the 
 river Bclen, j leagues from the 
 fea, but the inland way to it is 
 almoft impankblc: it lies 8 leagues 
 £. from La Conception, and 124 
 ■liles S. £. of Guatimala, and 
 belongs to Spain. Lat. 13, 11, 
 long. 94, 15. 
 
 Trinidad, or la Sonso- 
 NAfrK, s port -town of Guati- 
 inala Proper, in Mexico, or New 
 Spain. It (lands on a bay of the 
 South Sea, about 4 leagues from 
 Acaxatla, 65 miles S. E. of Pc- 
 tapa, and 162 from Guatimala. 
 It contains 4 or 500 Spanilh fa- 
 milies, befidcs Mulattoes and In- 
 dians, with 5 churches and a mo- 
 naftery. To this place are tranf- 
 poried all the goods which are 
 brought to Acaxatia from Peru 
 and Mexico. It is 3 leagues from 
 the town to the harbour, 'A'hich 
 is of great refort, as being the 
 chief place of trade, as has been 
 juft mcntioncd,betwecn New Spain 
 and Peru, and the ne:tre(l landing 
 harbour to Guatimala, fur (hips 
 «hich come froin Panama, Peru, 
 and Mexico. But it is a place of 
 BO defence. In the neighbour- 
 hood are 3 volcanoes. The coafl 
 is low, but with good anchorage. 
 
 Trinidad, i.a, one of the 
 fca-ports and towns on the fou h 
 part of the ifland of Cuba, in the 
 Weft-Indies, which is under the 
 jurif.liaion of the diftrirt of Spi- 
 
 J It t1 hjcitrvVf 
 
 Trinity Port, a large bay 
 of Martiiiico, qm of the Citrib- 
 
 " r R u 
 
 bee Illandt. It is formed on th» 
 S. E. fulc by the point Caravelle, 
 which is 2 leagues in length ; and 
 on the other fide by a very high 
 hill, about 350 or 400 paces in 
 length, which only joins to the 
 main-land by an iilhmus not a- 
 bovc 200 feet broad. The E. 
 fide, oppo(ite to the bottom of 
 this bay, is (lopped up by a chain 
 of rocks, which appear level with 
 '^h •vai'T wh,a the ebb-tide it 
 
 town here is a very thriving 
 J .c, being he rcfidcnce of fe- 
 vcral merchants, as well as of 
 the Lieutenant' governor of the 
 Cabes-Ttrre.and much frequented 
 by(hipping,cfpeclallyfrom Nantz, 
 the cargoes of which are Aire here 
 to meet wiih a quick fale ; the 
 people, who are very numerous 
 in the adjacent parts, chufing ra- 
 ther to buy what they want rear 
 at hand, than to fend for it from 
 the Badii.Terre. Bcfides, during 
 the hurricane feafon, (hips have 
 a fafe (lation in this pert. Ano- 
 ther advantage they have here is, 
 that, when they fet out for Eu- 
 rope, they are to the windward 
 of all the iflands, and fave above 
 300 leagues in their pa(lage,which 
 they would find by the way of 
 St. Domingo or Porto Rico. The' 
 this parilh takes in all the reft of 
 the Cabes-Terre, the church is 
 only a ioden (Irufture. Gre.it 
 quantities of cocoa, Aigar, cotton, 
 &c. arc made here and in the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 Trois Riviekxs, the fame 
 with Treble River^ — which fee. 
 
 Tropic Keys, are fmall 
 iflands or rocks on the N. of Crab 
 Ifland, and off the E. coaft of 
 Porto Rico, and have their name 
 from the great number of Tropic 
 birds which breed there, and are 
 never feen but between the Tro- 
 pics. 
 
 Truro, a vtlla,'>e in Barnftaple 
 county, Plymouth Colony, New- 
 England, near the northern ex- 
 tremity qI Cape-Cod harbour. 
 
T U C 
 
 TuuxitLo, or Nostra Sr- 
 NioRA Dt LA Pab,, a town of 
 New Granada (Venezuela), and 
 Terra Firma, 1x5 miles S. of 
 Maracaibo lake, and fubjeft to 
 Spain. On the fouthern moll bank 
 of the laft-mentioned lake is a 
 village called TruKillo, depending 
 on this city, and whither its in- 
 habitants ufed to carry meal, bif- 
 cuit, bacon, and other provifions, 
 which they embark on that river, 
 where thejr arc tranfported into 
 other provinces of South Ame- 
 rica, by which means they drive 
 a very profitable trade. This they 
 do twice a year, in May and No- 
 vember, rhe city is in lat. 9, 
 21. long. 69, 15. 
 
 TnvxiLLo, a town of Hon- 
 duras and Guatimala audience. It 
 ilands high, about a league from 
 the North Sea, and between two 
 rivers, the mouths of which, with 
 fome iflands before them, form 
 the harbour at the bottom of St. 
 Giles's bay, above two leagues 
 broad, being deep and ftcure, and 
 defended by a caftle, but its trade 
 is inconfidcrable. The country 
 is exceeding fruitful in corn and 
 grapes, and, notwithftandiiig the 
 neat of the climatv, very popu- 
 lous. The city is defended by 
 a thick wall towards the Tea, and 
 is inaccediblc but by a narrow, 
 fteep afcent. The caftle joins to 
 the wall, and ftands on a hill, 
 fiehind the city arc very high 
 mountains. It lies 30c miles S.E. 
 of Amapalla. Lat. 15, 36. long. 
 .88, 36. 
 
 Tr yon Coun TY.in the diftiift 
 of Salifbury, the .noft weftern of 
 all North Carolina, which has 
 its W. boundary the Tryon or 
 White Ohe Mountains, and is 
 the boundary on the b South 
 Carolina. 
 
 TucuYo, a town of New Gra- 
 nada and Terra Firma, It ftands 
 in a valley of the fame name, 
 every where furrounded by moun- 
 tains, and not above half a league 
 in length and breadth, A river 
 
 VAC 
 
 divides the place in two. Thi 
 air is very healthy, and the foil 
 fruitful, producing plenty of pro- 
 viHons, wheat, fruit, fugar-canei, 
 &c. The woods abound with 
 game. It lies aoo miles S. of 
 Maracaibo city. Lat. 7, 10. looff. 
 68, 36. 
 
 TULFIHOCKIN-TOWN, a 
 
 town in Lancaftcr county, Pen- 
 fylvania, on a branch of Schuyl- 
 kill river, 6 miles W. of Middle- 
 town, 5 miles N. of Heidelberg 
 6 N.E.of Lebanon, and 6« N.W* 
 of Philadelphia. 5'"*' 
 
 Turks Isands, feveral fmall 
 iflands in poftcflion of the Eng- 
 lilh, N. E. of St. Domingo about 
 35 leagues, and 60 S. £. from 
 Crooked ifland, where the Ber- 
 nnidans come and make a great 
 quantity of fait. The ftips which 
 fail trom St. Domingo frequenilv 
 pafs in fight of it, ' 
 
 TuscARORAs, a nation of 
 Indians, fituated near the Mo- 
 hawks river, in the province of 
 New York. 
 
 TYBKY,an ifland at the mouth 
 of the river Savannah, in Georgia 
 to the fouthward of the bar. Jt 
 is very plcafant, with a beautiful 
 creek to the W. of it, where a 
 flup of any burthen may lie fafe 
 at anchor. Here is great plenty 
 of deer, and a lightlioufc So feet 
 high.— See Savannah. 
 
 Tyrrel, a maritime county 
 in the diftrift of lidenton, North 
 Carolina, fituated in a low,fwam- 
 
 py fjtuation, with Aibemarle Sound 
 N. and Pamtico Sound S, the At- 
 lantic E. and Bertie county W» 
 In it is fjtuatcd Bath town. 
 
 V. 
 
 VAcHE or Cow's Island. 
 about 3 leagues from ths 
 ifland of St. Domingo, one of 
 the Antilles. The A>il is vsr" 
 good, w th two or rhrce tolerable 
 ports. It lies very convenient for 
 a traUe with the Spaoilh colgniei 
 
 J 
 
 <l 
 
V E N 
 
 ©n the continent and with Cay- 
 enne. Only hia«k cattle and hogi 
 are kept on it. 
 
 VAtDiriA. — See Bifdiv'ta. 
 Valladolid, a town of Yu- 
 catan, and audience of Mexico, in 
 New Spain. It is called by the 
 Indians Comayagna, and ts fitu- 
 mted on a river. The feat of a 
 bifhop ha% been Intely transferred 
 hither from Truxillo; it is the 
 Tcfidencc of a governor, and ihey 
 M'orkcd feme filver mines in the 
 neighbovirhood ; but they are o- 
 blige<l to defift, as it depopulated 
 •he province, whith otherwife en- 
 joyed a good air and a fruitful 
 ibil. 7heir rhicf trade, bcfiries 
 logwood, is maize, cotton, wheat, 
 honey, and wax, in abundance; 
 and its paftures feed an incredible 
 numbt. of cattle. They export 
 ikins, cadia, farfnparilla, wool of 
 the guanaco, and filver in fmall 
 quunt'ties. It h little known to 
 urangers, but lies 30 miles W. 
 of the gulph of Honduras, 170 
 S. W. of Iruxillo, and 65 S.E. 
 of Merida. Lat. 14, 10. long. 
 51, 21. 
 
 Van Dykes, Jost and 
 Little, two of the fmaller 
 Virgin Iflands, fitiiated to the 
 N. W. of Tor'ola. Long. 63, 
 If. lat, 18, 25. 
 
 Vkga, St. Jago de la.— 
 See Spanijh Town, in the ifland 
 of Jamaica. 
 
 Venezuela, a province of 
 Terra Firma. It is bounded on 
 the E. byCaraccas ; on the S. by 
 New Granada; on the W. bv Rio 
 de la Hacha ; and on the N. by 
 the North Sea. It abounds with 
 vild beads and game, producing 
 plenty of corn twice a year, with 
 fruit, Tugar, and tobacco, and the 
 btft cocoa-plantations in America. 
 Here are very good meadows for 
 cattle. It fpreads round a gulph 
 of the fame name, that reaches 
 near 30 leagues within land ; and 
 she middle of this countr* is 
 taken up by a lake 20 leagues 
 ieag, and 3a broad, with « €ir> 
 
 V EN 
 
 mmfcrencc of 80, and Jeep e- 
 iiou^h for vcflels of 30 ton* : It 
 communicates with i:he gulph by 
 a ftrait, on which is built the city 
 of Maracaibo, which gives name 
 to both lake and flrait, which is 
 dcfanded by fcvcral forts, who' 
 were attacked in the lad century 
 by Sir Henry Morgan, and the 
 whole ffoaft laid under contribn* 
 lion, and Maracaibo ranfomed* 
 The length of this province is 
 about too leagues, and its breadth* 
 e^nal. It hdd its nar e from its 
 fmall lagoons, which make it ap- 
 pesir like Venice at the entranc* 
 of the lake. It was the fccne of 
 ci^ieltiffs in- is»8, when above a 
 million cf Indians were maffacred 
 by fonie (ierti>ans, who were ex- 
 tirpated by the natives. This 
 maiHicre was renewed in 1550^ 
 when it was again depopulated, 
 when a great number of Black 
 flavcs were brought from Africa^ 
 and was one ot the principal e- 
 pochs of the introiluftion of Ne- 
 groes into the Weft- Indies. Soon 
 after a revolt ot the Negroes was 
 the reafon of another madacrr, 
 and Venezuela became again' a Je- 
 fert. At prrfent it is inhabited 
 by 100,000 inhabitants, who live 
 tolerably happy, and feed vaft. 
 quantities of European /heep. They 
 cultivate tobacco and fi'gar, which 
 are famous over all America. 
 They manufaflure alfo fc veral cot- 
 ton rtulfs. And in this province 
 are j^old-fands, with many po- 
 pulous towns. 
 
 Its capital of the fame name,. 
 orCoro, (which fome diftingui/h 
 as two,) ftands near the fea-coaft,. 
 about 50 miles S. E. of Cape St.. 
 Roman. Lat. 10, 30. long. 70, 
 
 Venezuela, a fpacious gulfh 
 in the fame province, communi- 
 cating hy a narrow ftrait with 
 Maracaibo lake. 
 
 Vent a de Cruz, a town 
 
 .... ..!.. ..........^ ..X x-'Cll" II r:-'-i 
 
 Terra Firma. Here the Spani/h 
 mcrchaiuiize from I'auaaa tvP<Mi» 
 
 to-Beiio 
 
 Chagre, 
 
 and 20 
 
 9,26. I 
 
 Vera 
 
 of Mexit 
 
 K« extre 
 
 Tlafcala, 
 
 harbour 
 
 30 or 35 
 
 times cxf 
 
 fro n the 
 
 It is defc 
 
 upon a I 
 
 Juand, C3 
 
 the gulpl 
 
 furiiilhed 
 
 lery and 
 
 is a plact 
 
 and perha 
 
 fiders'ile 
 
 it being t! 
 
 American 
 
 gazioe of i 
 
 from New 
 
 ported hit 
 
 receives a 
 
 £aa Indii 
 
 Acapulco, 
 
 from the ] 
 
 the annua 
 
 here from 
 
 opened, w 
 
 when this 
 
 be immeni 
 
 is unhealth 
 
 around it, 
 
 the foil. ' 
 
 unhealthy 
 
 bcr. Mod 
 
 of wood, a 
 
 nilh inbab 
 
 Mulatrocs < 
 
 themfclves 
 
 having beei 
 
 fcveral tim 
 
 the Spania 
 
 and placed 
 
 coaft, their 
 
 filling only 
 
 companies 
 'r*/\tn»» - - - 
 
 Cortez lan( 
 'S'8, wher 
 conquer Mt 
 
name 
 
 I' 
 
 town 
 
 V E R 
 
 «o-Bello is emb.li ;ed on the river 
 Chagre, 40 mil;* S. of the latter, 
 and ao N. of the former. Lat. 
 9»a6. long. 81,36. 
 
 Vera Cruz, the grand port 
 of Mexico, or New Spain, in the 
 K. extremity of the province of 
 J lafcaU, or loi Angeioi, with a 
 harbour which will only contain 
 30 or 35 fhips, and thofe fome- 
 times expofcd to terrible accident! 
 fro n the fury of the N.E. winds: 
 » IS defended by a ftjuare caftle 
 upon a rock of a neighbouring 
 Jfland, called St. John d'Ulua, in 
 the gulph of Mexico, which is 
 furnilhed with a numerous artil- 
 lery and a fmall garrifon. This 
 is a place of very great extent, 
 and perhaos one of the moft con- 
 lider«')le In the world for trade. 
 It being the natural center of the 
 American treafure, and the ma- 
 gazine of all the merchandize fent 
 from NewSpain, or of that tranf- 
 ported hither from Europe. It 
 receives a prodigious quantity of 
 Eaft India goods over land from 
 Acapulco, being brought hither 
 from the Philippine lUcs. Upon 
 the annual arrival of the flota 
 here from Old Spain, a fair is 
 opened, which lafts many weeks 
 when this place may be faid to 
 be immenfely rich. Its fituation 
 IS unhealthy, from the rank bogs 
 around it, and the barrennefs of 
 the foil. The rains make it very 
 unhealthy from April to Novem- 
 ber. Moa of iti; houfes are built 
 of wood, and thenumber of Spa- 
 nifh inhabitants is about 3000. 
 Mulatrocs and Mungreis, who call 
 themfclves whites. Vera Cruz 
 having been taken and plundered 
 fevcraf times by the buccaneers, 
 the Spaniards have built forts 
 and placed centincls along the 
 coait, iheir ordinary garrifon con- 
 hfting only of 60 horfe, and » 
 companies of foot. At the Old 
 -«*'n, i5 Of J 6 miici further W. 
 v^ortez landed on Good-Friday 
 »S'», when, being determined to 
 coa<juer Mexico or die, he fuak 
 
 V E R 
 
 the ftipj that tranfported his 
 hat.dful of men hi(hcr. La Vera 
 yuz ftands a 1 5 miles S. E. of the 
 City of Mexico. Lat. ,8, 41. 
 long. 102, 15. ' * 
 
 Vkragua, by Ulloa made a 
 province of Terra Firma. but o- 
 thers have it as a province of 
 Guatimala and New Spain s join- 
 ing on the W, to Colli Rica, on 
 the h. to Panama, with the North 
 Sea on the N. and the South Sea 
 on the S. The coaft was firft dif-- 
 covered byChriftophcr ColumbUJ 
 >'i 1495. to whom it was granted 
 with the title of Duke, and hit 
 pofterity ftill enjoy it. This pro- 
 vince IS very mountainous.woody, 
 and barren; but has inexhauflible 
 mines of filver, and {ome of gold, 
 the duft of the latter being found 
 among the fands of the rivers, 
 Santiago de Veraguas, or Santa F^, 
 U the capital, but a poor place \ 
 and in this province is the river 
 Vcragua, on which tbiit town 
 itands. 
 
 VaRA Paz, a province of 
 Guatimala audience, and New 
 Spain. It has the bay of Hon- 
 duras and Yucatan on the N". Gua* 
 timala on the S. Honduras on the 
 E. and Soconufco, with part of 
 Chiapa, on the VV. is 48 leagues 
 long and a8 broad. One half of 
 It is healthy, and the other not. 
 The country is fnhjed to earth- 
 quakes, thunder, and nine months 
 ram. The foil is mountainous- 
 yielding little corn, but abounding 
 in cedar, &c. Here are wild 
 beafts. The principal commo- 
 difies are drugs, cocoa, cotton, 
 wool, honey, &c. 
 
 Its capital of the fame name, 
 or Cob AN, ftands on the weft fids 
 of a river, which runs into Golfo 
 Dolce, 184 miles eaft of Guati- 
 mala. Lat. 15, ,0. long. 93, ,5. 
 VxRa, one of the pan/hes of 
 Jamaica, having Maniiry^Kav jji 
 it, a very fccure'road for/jiipping.' 
 Vermillion, Purple, or 
 Red S*:a, the name given by 
 fome to the gulph of Culifarnia/ 
 
 I 
 
V I N 
 
 ViiiA Rica, or AmttiA, 
 I town of I Ijfcala ami New 
 Spain. It ftind* on the coaft, and 
 on a fmull river, with an inditPc- 
 rent port, but in a belter air than 
 Vera Cruz, to leagues north of 
 the latter. A ciandcdinc trade 
 is caiTicd on hire between Tome 
 .Spani/h mcichanif on (horc, and 
 the French oi St. Domingo and 
 Martinico. 
 
 ViiviA, I, A, s tfvwn .md rive»» 
 of Vcragua and Guatimala audi- 
 ence, in New Spain. Its Cue it 
 Bood, the lirects regular, and 
 houfcs pretty, with fcvcral farms, 
 and fine f.ivannah« in the neij^h- 
 bourhood. The river is very 
 large, and at law water lu-eaks at 
 the nnouih as i,n a flat Ihare; (o 
 that great (hipsunchor within can- 
 han-Uiot, but barks of about 40 
 tqni may go op a league and i 
 half, The harbour is higher ab'jut 
 R quarttt of it league fror^ the 
 town. And about a league to 
 wirt'lward is a large ro.k always 
 covered with vaft rum<)cri of 
 fi'»-fowl, 
 
 ViNCBNT, ;;a la Pams, 
 a?. 6ir Cnda, a town of Po- 
 payan an < Terra Flrma j about 15 
 mile- raft ward of San ^cbaftian, 
 viu. a port where caneei from 
 Ca, t^agena and Santa Martha un« 
 Jo.Ki their merchandize. 
 
 Vincent, St. one or the 
 Coribbee J (lands, in the American 
 ocean. It lies about 60 milei 
 W. from Barbadoes. It is about 
 4 leagues long and 2 | broad. On 
 it there are r*:vcral raountainr^ 
 vthich crofTes , from N. to S. 
 f^om which iiiie fcveral rivers 
 full of fifli; among which, ate 
 twcnty.two capable of turning 
 fugar-mills: thcfe mountains in 
 general, are of an eafy afccnt; 
 the vallies fertile and CKtcnfive, 
 «nd the clearing the ground has 
 rendered the climate healthy. It 
 is more favourable than any other 
 for the culture of fugar, coffee, 
 cjcao, and anatta. The part in- 
 haiUcd bj tiie En^lKh, i& divided 
 
 V I R 
 
 into four parlfhes} of which, 
 Kingllown is the capital. For a 
 lung time after the difcuvcry of 
 this ilhind, it was the general 
 rendezvous of the Red Caribbs, 
 who formerly pollclied hII the 
 Antilles; and it now is the only 
 one, where their fmall remains 
 exil^ in the form of a na.ion, at 
 they have been almofl eniirelycx- 
 terminated by the Black Curibbs. 
 Nutwithllanding the neutrality of 
 this illand, the French made fe- 
 veral plantations here, whotie cul- 
 ture confided chiefly in cofTee; 
 and before its cefHon to Great 
 Britain, in 1763, they exported 
 above 3,000, ooolb. wcignt of 
 that commodity, when their num. 
 ber coniified of about 800, who 
 had 3000 negroes on the ifland. 
 At the peace the governm«nt i6\d 
 the lands of St. Vincent, as it had 
 thofe of Tobago, and left the 
 French, whom the fear of cunfif- 
 cation hs-d not driven away, thoia 
 they poflTcfled, paying a moderate 
 fine, and a yearly rent ftilJ more 
 moQcrate. Thefe proceedings, en« 
 crpacniiifl oa the poHeifioai of 
 the CariBbft, occafioned their re* 
 Aftance, which the troopc fine 
 againft them could not fubdue, 
 and a peace was concluded with 
 them in 1773, when the N. part 
 of the ifland, making a third, wai 
 adigned them ; fince then, St. 
 Vincent has enjoyed rrant^uility. 
 The exports from this ifland m 
 1770 produced 1 10,000 1, lier- 
 ling, which has dice confidciidbly 
 increafcd ; among which coflVe 
 made but i6,ocol. It is the only 
 one of the Antilles, where they 
 have cultivated cinnamon, nian^,o, 
 fefamum, vanilla, China tallow- 
 tree, camphire, gum-ftorax, &c. 
 Lat. 13, 5. long. 60, 5^0. 
 
 Virgin Islands, a groupe 
 of twelve or more' little ifljnds 
 of the Antilles, moitly barren, 
 craggy, and uninhabited. They 
 lie E.' of Porto Rico, and W. of 
 Anquiila. Though the pifl~ige 
 through them ii {urctty dt£cuit, 
 
 and fori 
 
 zardous, 
 
 through 
 
 he ma(|( 
 
 mingo, 
 
 iilcs is c 
 
 the bool 
 
 a man m 
 
 hand in 
 
 fleet. T 
 
 take up : 
 
 24 Icagui 
 
 coaflof I 
 
 of about 
 
 compofcd 
 
 ill.Mids, V 
 
 daiigcrou 
 
 mous for 
 
 fcveral gi 
 
 and navi^ 
 
 in the mi 
 
 3 or 4 If 
 
 li^ng, the 
 
 fii'ictl, ai 
 
 anchor, J 
 
 from ail 
 
 Sir Franci 
 
 of (hcfc j( 
 
 the Enj>ii 
 
 Spjiiiiards 
 
 Rico. T 
 
 Cordti, on 
 
 Nicker, p 
 
 iflands, C 
 
 the Fuller 
 
 Rock, G 
 
 i/lind, Pe 
 
 Chcit; To 
 
 Joft Van I 
 
 Dykts, G 
 
 ard Tha!< 
 
 iflands, wi 
 
 been put u 
 
 i^overnmcr 
 
 The Dd 
 
 on which 
 
 iJrafs, Lit! 
 
 Great and 
 
 the Bird Kt 
 
 belong, La 
 
 Witch iflan 
 
 _The Spi 
 
 ifland, wh 
 
 Green iflan 
 
 Cireat and 
 
 and particu] 
 
V I R 
 
 and formerly reckoned very ha- 
 zardous. Sir Franci* Drake went 
 through than with fafcty, when 
 he made his attempt on St. I)o- 
 min^jo, in 1580. One of the 
 ijlcs is called Uird-Ifland, where 
 the booby birds arc fo tame, that 
 a man may catch enough with his 
 'i"nd in a fljort time to ftrve a 
 fleet. They bebng to Spain, and 
 take up a fpace from U. to W. of 
 24 league* lonjj, quite to the E. 
 coafi of l>orto Rico, with a brwdth 
 of about 16 leagues. They arc 
 compofai of a ftreat number of 
 Jllaiids, whofccoads arc every way 
 dangerous to navigators, and fa- 
 mous for (hipwrecks, particularly 
 fcveral jjalleoiis. Happily forfiadc 
 and navi«a;ion, nature has placed 
 in the nii.lcileof them a bafon of 
 3 or 4 Itajjues broad, and 6 or 7 
 J^'ig, the fincfl that can be ima- 
 fiined, and in which /hips may 
 anchor, Jand-Iockcd and (lieitercd 
 fr"m all winds, called the Bay of 
 Sir Francis Drake. I'hc polTelfkin 
 of thclc iflands is divided between 
 the En^vliih and Danes; but the 
 Spaniards claim thole near Porto 
 Rioo The Englifh poHefs V.rjrin 
 C,or,l,, on which depend Anegada, 
 Nicker, F.ickly pear, and Moikito 
 lilands C .mmanoes, Dog iflands, 
 the Fallen City, with the round 
 Rock, Ginger, Coopers, Salt 
 inind, Peter's ifland, and Dead 
 Uicit ; Tortitla, to which belongs 
 Joft Van Dykes, and Little Van 
 iJykts, Guana ifland, with Beef 
 a-d Tha-ch iflands; all which 
 lilands, wir.hin a few years, hove 
 been put u„der a regular form of 
 ;^overnmcnt. 
 
 The Danes pofTrfs St. Thomas, 
 on which depend the ifland of 
 Brafs, Little Saba, Buck iflard, 
 Great and Little St. fames, and 
 the Bird Keys; St. J$hn, to which 
 belong, Lavango, Cam ifland, and 
 Witch ifland; 5d«raorSaintCroix. 
 _The Spaniards claim Seroentt 
 HIand, which the Englifli' call 
 Green ifland, the Tropic Keys, 
 Great and Little Pa/Tage ifland. 
 and particularly Crab ifland. 
 
 V I R 
 
 Virgin Gorda, one of the 
 principal of the above iflen. It 
 Jlcs 4 leagues to the E. of TortuU, 
 of a very irregular fliapc, whofc 
 grcateft length from K. to W. {• 
 about 6 leagues, is Hill worfe wa- 
 tered khin 'I'ortula, and has fewer 
 inhabit..nti. A mouniain which 
 nfei in its center, it affirmed to 
 contain a filver mine. Long. 6». 
 10. lat 18. ao. * ^ 
 
 Virginia, one of the Britifli 
 colonies. It is remarkably plcafant 
 and commodious; havinijthcriv-r 
 Patowmack'on rhe N. E. which 
 feparate* it from Maryland; the 
 Atlantic Oce-n on the E. Caro- 
 Jina on the S. and the Apalachian 
 mountains on the W. which du 
 vide it from a vaft tra« of land 
 ni Canada, and then Louifiana. 
 1 he extent o. Virginia is fVom 
 
 «?• ^h ^°' ^'^ 39, 30' on the 
 W. fid? of Chefapeak bay, but 
 en the E. ilHe only from Cape 
 Charles, in lat. 37, 13. ic 38. ft 
 IS 750 miles long; 240 broa.l ; but 
 to the weftward t has no bounds, 
 which by our late conquefl of Ca- 
 nada are pretty fccure now from 
 the invafion of the French, and 
 their Indian allies. 
 
 The an- of Virginia, depending 
 very much on the winds, is of 
 various temperaments; for thofe 
 from the N. or N. W. are ex- 
 tremely ftiarp and piercing, or 
 tempertuous, while the S. and 
 S. E. are hazy or Ailtry. Ti-.e 
 winter in this country is dry and 
 clear; fnow faHs in great qaanti- 
 ties, but feldom lies above a day 
 or two; and the froft, t; o' keen' 
 is feldom of any long duration. 
 The fpiing is fomeihing earHer 
 than in England ; May and June 
 are plcafant, July and Augiift 
 Ailtry, while September is noted 
 for prodigious fliowers of rain. 
 Towards the coaftthe land is low, 
 and for an hundred mijts inland 
 
 aitli har/lltF a Uill ^~ IX~- ...if 
 J _ ...,. ,,. stui'c ;o cC 
 
 fcen all that way. Heic are trees 
 of various fpccies, and of ah in- 
 credible fize, with abundantc of 
 
 \ 
 
V I R 
 
 ftOure groundi. The foil pro- 
 duce$ rice, hemp, Indian corn, 
 flax, filk, cotton, and wild grapei. 
 But tobacco, the ftaple commodity 
 of Virginia, is fo much cultivated, 
 that the inhabitants h.irdiy mind 
 «ny thing tife, fo this plant 
 may be brought to a tolerable 
 market. And this trade is brought 
 to fuch pcrfcAion, that the fwcet- 
 fcented tobacco which grows on 
 James and York rivers is reckoned 
 the bell in the world, and gene- 
 rally vended in Great Britain for 
 home confumption, in various 
 forts of fnuffs and fmoaking. Tha 
 other fort, called Aranoarke, turns 
 to as good an account, being ex- 
 ported to Holland, Denmark, 
 Sweden, and Germany. 
 
 Though the common way of 
 traffic here is by bartering of one 
 comn^odity fdr another, or of any 
 one for their ftaple tobacco, they 
 have fomc filver coin among them, 
 both Engiifh and Spanifh. Not- 
 withtlanding the great plenty of 
 excellent timber and naval flores 
 in Virginia, and the whole country 
 being but one continued harbour, 
 after entering Chefapeake bay be- 
 tween Capes Charles and Henry, 
 yet they build no (hipping. 
 
 Ihey have few towns; the 
 principal are James-town and Mid- 
 dle Plantation, now Williamf- 
 burg, in the latter of which there 
 is a college. This is the capital, 
 and feat of the governor, aflcmbly, 
 and courts: fo that the Virginia 
 planters refiding on their eAates or 
 farms, mod of which lie conti- 
 guous to fome great river that falls 
 into the bay abovementioned, 
 fliips can come up almod to their 
 doors,' and take in their cargoes 
 of tobacco. 
 
 Virginia is divided into the fol- 
 lowing counties, viz. 
 Am her ft 
 Henrico 
 Richmond 
 Williamfburg 
 Prince William 
 Sfotfylvania 
 
 V I R 
 
 Charlotte 
 Tamei 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Nanfemond 
 
 Buckingham 
 
 King and Queea 
 
 Starturd 
 
 Mecklinburg 
 
 Loudoun 
 
 I^ouifa 
 
 Dinwiddle 
 
 Elfex, or Rappahanock 
 
 York 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Lancafler 
 
 Fairfax 
 
 Goochland 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Fauquier 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Middlefex 
 
 Northampton 
 
 Hamplhire 
 
 Prince George 
 
 AuguQa 
 
 Surry 
 
 Bedford 
 
 Illeof Wight 
 
 Hanover 
 
 King George 
 
 GlouceAer 
 
 Princcfs Ana 
 
 Warwick 
 
 Albemarle 
 
 Caroline 
 
 New Kent 
 
 Southampton 
 
 Lunenburgh 
 
 Culpcper 
 
 King William 
 
 Halifax 
 
 Suflex 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Amelia 
 
 Elizabeth 
 
 Chenerfield 
 
 Pittfylvania 
 And in thefe are 
 
 30 or 40 of which .^^ 
 
 with miniflers, and to each parilh 
 belongs a church, with chapels of 
 cafe in fuch nf thtm as arc of 
 large extent. The miniftcr's 
 maintenaace is commonly fettled 
 
 54 pariflies, 
 are fupplied 
 
 at 16,000 pr 
 
 nually, befid 
 
 'J he rever 
 
 Great Britai 
 
 hundred thi 
 
 linj{ per anni 
 
 uiihttppy dift 
 
 greater pari 
 
 ported tobac) 
 
 tilh merchant 
 
 a« great a fui 
 
 kinj»dom, the 
 
 on the phnte 
 
 by the iown 
 
 price. To 
 
 great advanta 
 
 from being / 
 
 f jlonies with 
 
 reft of Europe 
 
 bcTidcs the e 
 
 large vcllels, 1 
 
 number of fc. 
 
 ciipicd in this 
 
 Virgiriianit lal 
 
 conveuicnce ( 
 
 they life; thci 
 
 II 't defcrving 
 
 Tliis colony 
 
 fore the comi 
 
 prefent difturli 
 
 ported into Or 
 
 pnjy, to the 
 
 in 96,000 hog 
 
 fervcd for h( 
 
 yielding a dut 
 
 the revenue; th 
 
 were exported. 
 
 fail of fliips, 
 
 4C00 feamen. 
 
 ports in naval { 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 annually, and 
 
 Gieat Britain 
 
 Was 865.0001. 
 
 The number 
 
 ginia is 650, 00c 
 
 confiderablc nu 
 
 •■tfagccs; but tl 
 
 •Tiuch the larger 
 
 liitants, who ca, 
 
 500,000. of wh 
 
 into the 2 toba 
 
 ••e.'ween 7 or So 
 
 . Virginia Capi 
 
 ticitd-lands, viz 
 
V I R 
 
 at 16,000 poiindi of tobacco an< 
 nualiy, befidci perquifiies. 
 
 'I he revenue from tobacco in 
 Creat Britain, was above three 
 liundrcd thuufand pounds fter- 
 linx per annum, till the prcfent 
 unhappy difturbanccs : and the far 
 greater pari of the profits of ex- 
 ported tobacco comes to the Bri- 
 tilh merchants, which brings nearly 
 as great a fum every year into the 
 kin>.dom, the whole weight falling 
 on the phnter, who is kept down 
 by the lownefs of the original 
 price. To fay nothing of the 
 great advantage which we derive 
 from bein^ fiipplicd by our own 
 f jlonies with that for which the 
 reft of Europe pay ready money, 
 bcTidcs the employment of 330 
 Jurge vcflels, and a proportionable 
 Dumber of fcamen, which are oc- 
 cupied in this trade; from us the 
 Virginians take every article for 
 convenience or ornament which 
 they life; their own manufaaures 
 lit (Jefcrving mention. 
 
 Tliis colony and Maryland, be- 
 fore the commencement of the 
 prcfent difturbanr.cs, annually ex- 
 ported into Or. Britain, of tobacco 
 •-niy, to the value of 768,000!. 
 
 in 96,000 hogdicads : 13,500 
 
 fervcd for home confumption, 
 yielding a duty of 351,675!. to 
 therevenue; the remaining 82,500 
 were exported. It employed 330 
 fail cf (hips, which contained 
 4COO feamen. Their whole ex- 
 ports in naval (lores, iron, &c. to 
 Great Britain, was 1,040,000!. 
 anuu-illy, and their return from 
 Gieat Brirain in manufiUiurcs 
 \va4 865.0001. 
 
 The number of people in Vir- 
 ginia is 650,000. In Virginia arc 
 confiderable numbers of French 
 refugees; but the negroes arc by 
 niuch the larger part of the inlia- 
 b'tants, who cajinotbe fewerthan 
 500,000, of which are imported 
 into the 2 tobacco colonies only 
 •".'ween 7 or Sooo ai.audiiy. 
 
 Virginia Capes are the two 
 nead-lands, viz. of Henry and 
 
 U X B 
 
 Charlei, opening a pa/lagc Into 
 the bay of Chefjpeak, one of the 
 largcft and fineft in the world, 
 l)eing 18 miles broad at its mouth, 
 and 7 or 8 throughout a length of 
 near 300 miles which it runs N. 
 up the country, and receiving from 
 I lie weltern Ibore fcveral large na- 
 vigable rivers, and a few fmalier 
 ftreams both from thence, and 
 from the peninfula which divides 
 the bay from the Atlantic Ocean, 
 Its chief rivers are James, York 
 or Pamunky, Rappahannock, and 
 Patowmack, whole noble and m«- 
 jcftic appearance cannot, perhaps, 
 be exceeded in the known world ; 
 for they not only admit large 
 fliips into the very heart of the 
 country, but abound with fo many 
 creeks, and receive fuch a multi- 
 tude of inferior yet navigable ri- 
 vers, that Virginia feemsunrivallei 
 tiiroughout the uiiiverfe for con- 
 venience of inland navigation j 
 indeed it has been obferved, and 
 with rcafon, that every planter 
 here has a river at his door, whicli 
 renders the conveyance of com- 
 modities extremely eafy. 
 
 Ulster, a county in New- 
 Y( k, on the borders of Penfyl- 
 vania, S. of Albany, and N. of 
 Orange counties, without any con- 
 fiderable town in it. 
 
 VoLuNTuN, a town ia 
 Windham county, Conne(fticnt, 
 2 miles W. of Canterbury, je 
 S. of Killingfley, la E, of Wind- 
 bam, and 29 N. of N«w London, 
 with which it has communication 
 by the Thames. 
 
 Ur BA t^ NO , a town in Middlc- 
 fex county, on the S. W. bank 
 of the Rapahannock river. 
 
 Utrecht, a fmall village on 
 the N. W. end of Long-llland, 
 New- York, 3 miles E. of Hen- 
 dric, and 8 N. W. of New-York. 
 UxBRiDGE, a town in vVor- 
 ceftcr county, Maflachufets- Bay, 
 near Blackftone-river, 5 miles W. 
 of Mcndon, and 5 m'iles E. of 
 Douglas, and about 7 S. from 
 Sutton, 
 
W A L 
 
 w. 
 
 WAGCR's-STRAtTS. See 
 the following article of 
 
 Walks, New North, one 
 of the northern countries. Tt has 
 Priflce-Willism's-Land on the N. 
 part of BafBn's-bay on the £. 
 aa undifcovered country, called 
 New-Denmark, on the S. and 
 another unknown land on the W. 
 Provided Wager's-Straits commu- 
 nicates with the caHcrn ocean, or 
 South-Sea, as is very probable, 
 then North-Wales mu^l be cntire- 
 feparated from the continent of 
 America : for it lies beyond the 
 polar circle, whereas the mouth of 
 "Wager's-Straits is about lat 66. 
 This country of New North Wales 
 is very little known, nor are we 
 much; better acquainted with the 
 land lying fuuthward of Wager's- 
 Straits. 
 
 Wake, an inland county, in 
 the didrift of Hillfborough, N. 
 Carolina. 
 
 Wales, New South, one 
 of the northern countries. It 
 is of vaft extent, lying all round 
 the fouthern part of Hudfon's- 
 bay, and makes upwards of loo 
 leagues. It is bounded by Cana- 
 da on the £. and S. a large tra^ 
 of unknown countries on the W. 
 which are inhabited by fcveral In- 
 dian tribes, who come hither to 
 trade ; but its extent cannot be 
 Bl'certained, the EngUfli, who a- 
 lone trade here, having no fettle- 
 cients inland but in their forts 
 and near the coaft, Acrofs the 
 country from St. Margaret's-river, 
 which runs into that of St. Lau- 
 rence, to Rupert's- liver, at the 
 bottom of Hudfon's-bay, there is 
 not- above 150 mils. 
 
 Labtadov is called the E. Main, 
 
 and- New Wales ihe W. Main, 
 
 '- 'ihe Hudibn's- bay company 
 
 hav-c fcvcnii forta and fcttlcmt ncs 
 
 on New- Wales, o: that called the 
 
 About 5 or 6 lea<^ucs from the 
 
 W A L 
 
 Wed Main , there is an rfland call- 
 ed the Little Rocky Ifle, it being 
 a mere heap of rocks and Hones, 
 wrth fome fmall bru/hwood grow- 
 ing upon it. This is fuppofed to be 
 overflowed with high N.W. winds, 
 which oacafion a great tide all 
 over the bay. In this ifle is plen- 
 ty of gulls and fwallows. About 
 3 miles from the S. E. part of 
 the ifland lies a dangerous reef of 
 farad, <lry at low- water. 
 
 Charlton ifland is a dry white 
 fand covered over with a white 
 mofs, full of trees, juniper, and 
 fpruce, though not very large. 
 This ille affords a beautiful prof- 
 peft \n fpring, to fuch as are near 
 it, after a long voyage of 3 or 4 
 n-onths on the molt uncomforta- 
 ble ftas in the world, occafioned 
 by the vaft mountains of ice in 
 the bay and ftiraits : againit which, 
 if (hips happen to ftrike, they are 
 daflied in pieces, as certainly as if 
 they ran againrt: rocks, thefe being 
 petrified by the violence of the 
 continual frofl. To fee one day 
 the (here on the W. Main bare, 
 the mountains covered with fnow, 
 and nature looking as if frozen to 
 death, and the next day to behold 
 Charlton-iiland fpread with trees, 
 forming, as it were, a green tuft 
 of the whole, is a change capable 
 of giving the greiteft pleafure, af- 
 ter the fatigues of an intolerable 
 winter-voyage The air even at 
 the bottom of Hucfon's-bay is 
 exoefUvely cold for 9 months, and 
 the other 3 very hot, except with 
 a N. W. wind. 
 
 Th« comntodities for trade here 
 are guns, powder, (hot, cloth, 
 hatchets, kettles, tobacco, &c, 
 which the English exchnnge with 
 the Indians for furs of beavers, 
 martens, foxes, moofe, ^c. The 
 great profits acquired by this trade, 
 and the profpeft of engrolUng it 
 wholly, engaged the new company 
 to profecuie llicir mcafures vigor- 
 oully, and to fettle a good corrtf- 
 pondence with the natives, whom 
 they found very tta^abie^ and 
 
 ways 
 
 

 WAT 
 
 Willing to do any thing upon rca- 
 fonabfe terms. For the Indians 
 about Rupeit's-rivcr, and other 
 places in the bay, arc more fim- 
 
 Klc than the Canadians, who have 
 ad longer commerce with the 
 Europeans. They are generally 
 peaceable either among ihcmfclvcs 
 or with others, except the Nod- 
 ways, a wild barbarous nation 
 on the confines of Hudfon's - 
 Straits. 
 
 Walkertown, in King and 
 Queen county, Virginia, on the 
 N. fide of Mattapony - river, 15 
 miles N, E. from Newcaftic, 
 
 Walm NGFORD, a town in 
 Newhaven county, Connefticut, 
 8 miles S. W. from Durham, 13 
 N. from NewhdVen, and 11 from 
 Newtown, 
 
 Waltham, a Tniall town in 
 MidJlcfex county, MaflTachufets- 
 Bay, about 5 miles S. E. from 
 Concord, 4 S. from Lexington, 
 and 8 W, from Cambridge, and 
 was the thoroughfare for the New- 
 Hampfljire rangers, for the battle 
 'Of Bunker's-hill. 
 
 Walpole, a town in Suflblk 
 county, Maflachufets-Bay, on the 
 moft confiderable road from Pro- 
 vidence for Bo(Ton ; about 6 miles 
 N. E. from Wremham, 
 
 Warwick, a county of Vir- 
 g nia. It lies S. E. of York coun- 
 ty, containing 38,444 acres, in 2 
 parifhes, Denbury and Mulberiy- 
 iiland. 
 
 Warwick, a thriving town »f 
 Providence and Rhode- llJand co- 
 lony, near the mouth of the river 
 Pdtuxer, It fuffered much in the 
 Philippic war, evei-y houfe in it 
 hut one having been dellroyed : 
 yet it foon recovered. The inha- 
 bitants ar? faid to be fo hoipitable 
 as to entertain ftrangers at their 
 houfes graiis. It is 9 miles W, 
 of Briftol, and the hixie diftance 
 S. from Providence. 
 
 Watertown, a village in 
 Middlefcx county, Maffachufuts- 
 Bay, fituated on the river Charles, 
 about 3 niUes W. of Cambridge, 
 
 WES 
 
 near which was an encamprnffll 
 at the begin i>ing of hoftiliiics at 
 Bofton. 
 
 WttcoME, Sir Thomas Roe's, 
 or Ne Ultr:i, a narrow ft rait for 
 called in New N. Wales, and thd 
 ar<ft'c count rie? of America, which 
 opens be: ween kit. Ca and 63. 
 On the W. or N. ihorc of ihfl 
 Welcome is a fair headland, lati- 
 tude 66, 30, called the Hope, 
 from Capt. Middleton, expeaing 
 this to be the extreme part of A- 
 merica ; but, after walking round 
 it, he faw lan<4 further, forming 
 what, upon this difappointment, 
 he denominated Rcpiilfc-bay. 
 
 Welch Tract, lands To call- 
 ed in Ncwcattlc county, and I'en- 
 fylvania, where near .jo,coo acres 
 have been planted by Wclchmen, 
 It is thick-(bwn with Imall towns, 
 as Ha ver ford - Weft, Merioneth, 
 &c. It is popalous, and the per- 
 ple are very induftrlous, who have 
 cleared this part of the country. 
 Here are fcveral large plantation* 
 of corn, with abundance of cat- 
 tle ; fo that this ftttlemcnt is iti 
 as thriving a condition as any in 
 the province. 
 
 Wills, a pretty town, with a 
 bay on the coaft of York countj', 
 10 miles from York, in the pro- 
 vince of N'CiV-Hamprtiire, New- 
 England, its lion hern point is 
 Cape Porpoiie, and fouthern point 
 Cape N'dduck, and the Xenc- 
 buck-river rnrvs into it. 
 
 Wenham, a town in ElTex 
 county, the moft northerly coun- 
 ty of Maffachufets-Bay. It is fi- 
 tuated between Ipfwich and Be- 
 verly, and near it is a pond that 
 bears the /ame name. 
 
 Westborough, a town in 
 Worcefter county, Maflachufets- 
 Bay, 5 Miles W. from Marlbo- 
 rough, and 9 E. from Worccfter, 
 in the great road from thence to 
 BoAon. 
 
 Westchkster, a town and 
 
 county in New-York, 11 miles 
 
 N. E. of New-York, and ftand$ 
 
 on a river that tuns iiKo the flrait 
 
 T i 
 
WET 
 
 of Hell-Gate, the W. entrance of 
 Long* 1 flu n (I Sound. 
 
 Wksttord, a village in Mid- 
 dlcfcx county, MiiJTiiduifcts.Buy, 
 where it h bridge diiit croHcs 
 Cttvc's braiuli of the Mciimack- 
 rivcr. It is II miles N. W. of 
 Conrora, Hnd 3 S. K. of Grcton. 
 Wkitham, 11 town in Henri- 
 Co co\inty, Virginia, fiiu-itcd on 
 the N. lidc of f.inics- river, 4 
 miles N. W. of Kieiimoiul. 
 
 Wkst-Maini lo New Wales, 
 in the northern eoun tries oi A- 
 mcrica, is commonly callc.l. Here 
 the iludlon's-Uuy company n»vc 
 fcvcr.il forts and rcftlcments ; 
 namely, i. at Churdi-hill-iivcr, 
 ahont laf. 59, an«l long. 95, from 
 London i a. York (orr, at the 
 movith of Nc!fon'.s-iivcr : ■^, At 
 the New Severn : 4. At Albany, 
 river: <;• At Haye^-fl^nd 1 and, 
 6. At Rupert's- river. Not far 
 from WclJMain are Rocky-ifle, 
 and Charlton-ifland. 
 
 The air at the bottom of the 
 hay, thou^jli by latitude nearer the 
 fun than London, namely, in 51 
 degrees, is extremely cold for 9 
 months, and the other 3 months 
 very hot, except when a N. W. 
 wind blows. The foil on the 
 Kafl-Main, as well as the Weft, 
 bears no manner of grain. Some 
 »oofcbcnies,ftrawberrics,and dew- 
 berries, grow about Rupcn's-ri- 
 vcr, in lat. 5a. 
 
 WrsTON.afma!) town in MiJ- 
 dlefcx county, Mailachufcts-Ray, 
 about la miles W. from Cam- 
 bridge, and about a or 3 miles N. 
 cf the falls of Charles rwcr. 
 
 Weston-Isiand, Lord, an 
 idand fo called b" Capt. Thomas 
 James, in Ms voyage for finding 
 a N. W. paflage. This navigator 
 continuing to rove up and down, 
 guve names to divers places, and 
 this among the reft; hut where 
 lituated does not exaftly appear, 
 unlefs in a bay to the wcHv^'ard of 
 Port Nelibn,' in the northern 
 countries of America. 
 
 WKTHXBsrijLD, a towo in 
 
 W I L 
 
 Rirtford county, ConncAicut, <}- 
 tuatcd on the W, fide of Con- 
 nefticut river, 3 miles W, of 
 Glollenbury, the fame S. of Hart- 
 ford, and 7 E. of Farmington, 
 
 W«Y MOUTH, theoldc.'* 'own 
 of nil .Suffolk county, in Mafla- 
 chnfets Hay; but it is not Co con- 
 fidcrable ai it whs formerly. Here 
 Is a wcU.fre4ucnicd ferry for ad. 
 In rlie •day-time, and 4d. in the 
 night. It Hands between Baintrcc 
 and liint'hnm, which is 3 miles 
 dillant from earli. 
 
 Wha I. K- CUV K, In I he north- 
 crn countries of America, the 
 moii rortheily ifland of iwo, 
 the other being Lovci'jovc, wliicb 
 h a fair opening to the wcftwurd 
 of it. Whiilccovc lies S. of 
 Hrook-Cobliam, or Maible iflimd, 
 the latter being in laf, 63. 
 
 Whitk Uivkr, a torrent if- 
 Aiing from the mountain of ful- 
 phur in Guadnloupe, one of the 
 Caribbee lllands. It is fo called 
 as it often aflumes that colour from 
 the alhcs and fulphur covering it, 
 and falls into the river of St. 
 Louis. 
 
 Wico, a Swedi/h fcltlemcnt, 
 about half a mile from the town 
 of Philadelphia and Pcnfylvanii*. 
 Here the people of that nation 
 have a meeiing-houfc! they have 
 another of the fame religion at 
 Tenecum. 
 
 Wight Isr.K, a county in 
 Virginia. It lies N. of Nanfa- 
 mundj, containing I42,7J)6 nctcs 
 in two parilhcs, namely, War- 
 wick-fvjutck and Newport. Here 
 is a fpring, with as plentiful a 
 fource of water as Holy-wtll in 
 Wales. 
 
 William. King, a county of 
 Virginia, ft lies N. W. of New 
 Kent, and contains ^4,324 acres 
 of land in one pari/h, namely, St. 
 John's. Pamuiiky river, ih: 
 Ibnthcrmoft branth of that of 
 Yosk, rnns throu^!? this couiify. 
 
 WiLtiAis*, Fort, on Cdftle 
 ifland, in the main channel lead- 
 ing to the harbour of Uoflon, in 
 
W I L 
 
 New Enjjiand. Ii it rhe mofi rc- 
 Riil:ir fa»ticf» in jhe Biidfh plun- 
 faiion*, and h.u its name from 
 bcitijjt crUlcd iti tlic rci^n of king 
 William, by Colonel Rocincr, a 
 fBmows engineer. Ii (bn<l*i«li(>ut 
 • IcBjjuc Jrum ihc town, ant! built 
 in U) proper a place, that it id not 
 
 W ! L 
 
 podibic for AH enemy a lliip eo a»- 
 
 E roach tha town witliont the 
 aitard of being (battered tn pieces 
 by this ordnance on it r of whicb 
 Ihcic u« too piece*; ao whcrcaf 
 were given to the province l)y Q. 
 Anne, and placed on a platlonn 
 near liigh -water murk, Co »» to 
 rokc a (hip foie and aCt, before 
 flie can bring her broadlidoi to 
 bear againJt thii ca(tlc. It is a 
 quadrangle, furrowndcd wi«h' a 
 covered vjy, and joined hy a Mnc 
 of communicMtiun (rom ihe main 
 gale to a redoubt, and two others 
 *'ron> the main battery, winch is 
 ib near the channel, that no (hip» 
 can enter it, without paffing even 
 within pi(iol-(hot of it, 
 
 Wll, LIAMSBUROH, a fown- 
 Jbip in S>. Carolina, in George 
 town precinft, which received 
 fonliderable damage bv a (Jorm in 
 July 9, 1758, whcn(everalof ihc 
 hail-(ion«s were at large at hen's 
 eggs, 
 
 WxitiaMSBtiaCH, formerly 
 Middle plantation, in Jame, coun- 
 ty, Virginia; about (Ix miles NT. 
 of James Town, and (iffy W. of 
 cape Charles, It is the capitiil of 
 Virginia, the (Vat of the governor, 
 general aflcmhly, and' ju<!icial 
 cowrls, tho' not very conlidera- 
 ble; the planters of this cobmy 
 f;eneraily chufing to live on their 
 cllites or plantations in tho coun- 
 try. It is fituated between two 
 creeks, the one falling into Jamts, 
 the other into York river, and 
 Contains above 200 honfcs, whirh 
 have the advantage of being free 
 fro>m mot'iuitos. Here is an aca- 
 demy or cciliege, towards endow- 
 ing of which king William and 
 S»cen Mary gave 2000 1, and 
 »o,ooo acres of laud, with the 
 
 dttty one penny per pound on all 
 tobacco exported. The coHeg<T 
 was burnr down : bm it h*s been 
 fincc rebuilt, nicely contrlve<l«mI 
 adorned, beiiitf not altogether un- 
 like Clw:l(ia<oli0KC,W,oi/ Lon<*on, 
 III VVilliamfburgh is « fmall 
 fort, or rather battery, m^oiutite L 
 with 10 or i»<^;uns. Colonel Ni- 
 cholfon ruifcd a (htehoufe or ca* 
 pitol to l»c »rcif>td here, and fc- 
 veial iiroets to be laid out in th» 
 form of a W. 
 
 Fronting the onl'ege, near It* 
 whole breadth, in extended a noble 
 (treet, ju-ll three ijUrtilerd of u mil* 
 ill length, ut the upper end of 
 which (rand'' the c;i|>iioL a b«iu- 
 tiful and commodious pile. Iff tc 
 it kept the fcciTiuiy's f»(%ee, vi'iti* 
 all the coxirts ofjiMticr and law» 
 'J'hc building is rn the f<»riii of 
 an H. 
 
 Parallel to tlVe main ftrcet Jufl 
 mcntion'fd is one upon each lide, 
 but neither ftrcet quite fo long 
 n.)r broad ; and at proper Hiftanret 
 arc (mull cwCs-ftreets forth* con- 
 vcnicnf y of commlinicarionr 
 
 K'lr rhc middle of th« townr 
 ftands ihccluiich, which isa large 
 and ftrong piece of brick-work, 
 built in the form of a cro(g. Near 
 it is Q iHigc rn'fiijion tower, t nta- 
 gazine for annsand ammunition t 
 and not far from thence is a (arg» 
 fqnare for a market-place, and 
 near it a bowling-green, and a 
 play-hourc. Here is ulfo a coun- 
 ty-prifoii for criminals, and near 
 it another ft;r debtors. The pri- 
 vate bnildings havcalfo been very 
 much improved, fcvoi'lgcntlcmti* 
 having built large brlck-houfes of 
 many rooms on a floor, but t^oC 
 high, I>ccaufc they have room 
 cnouijh, 'and arc now and thei* 
 vilited with high winds. Fron> 
 hfiice it is J 2 miles K. to York j 
 24 S. K. to Hampton ; 42 S. T. 
 acrofs the haven to Norfolk, no\y 
 deltroycd ; 30 N. W, toDelawaV j 
 50 N. W. ro Newcaftle; 67 N. to 
 HobbS-hoIcy 93 N. W. to Port 
 Royal; 107 N,ty f redtmklUur* j 
 
W I L 
 
 168 N. to Belhjven; 194. N. W. 
 to Winchefter. 
 
 William'? Land, Prince, 
 • country lying round Baffin's hay, 
 it) North Main, and the ar<lic 
 couniries of America. 
 
 W11.LIAMSTADT, the name 
 given by aaofaflembly to Oxford, 
 the capiiiil of Talbot county in 
 Maryland. It was made a port- 
 town at the fame time. The fc- 
 cond (ichool to be built was ap- 
 pointed for this town, and a col- 
 Irilior and naval officer ordered to 
 refide here. 
 
 WiLLiNOTON, a town in 
 Hartford county, Connci\iciit, (1- 
 tua ed ncai Villin)ai>ti river, 6 
 miles S, of bumtrs, 9 miles N. of 
 Mansfield, jmiles W.of Afliford, 
 •nd 17 E. of Windfor. 
 
 WiLLouGHBY BAV,neari 
 leagivcs S. E. from Green ifland 
 and Antigua, one of thcCaribbee 
 Ides in the Amctican ocean. It 
 has a very wide mouh, little Icfs 
 than a league over; but is above 
 two thirds blocked up with a f^nd 
 or Hioal Orctching from the N. 
 point dirc'^ly to the S. point : 
 whence another point called Sandy 
 point, with an ifland in it, Ipits 
 ©IT as if it would meet the firft, 
 and block up the harbour. I3e- 
 tween thefe, however, there is an 
 ©pen channel, where ^ipsof good 
 burthen may entir; and when 
 they are in, there is very good 
 riding atmoli every where except 
 in the very entrance; and on the 
 larboard-fide there is a little /hoal 
 called the HoriV.fhoe: hut it is 
 above water, and plainly to be 
 difcerned by the rippling of the 
 fa. 
 
 Wilmington, InNewcartlc 
 county, Delawar, Penfylvama, 
 fttuatcd on a river i miles N. W. 
 •f Delawar river, 5 miles N. of 
 Newcaflle, la miles S. W. of 
 Chedcr, and as E. of Notting- 
 ham in Maryland. 
 
 Wilmington, a town in 
 M'.ddlefex county, Maflachufcts- 
 Bay, (iiuated about 2$ miles N. 
 
 W I N 
 
 of CarobriJee, and 11 R. of 
 Amlovcr, throuv,h which the 
 Hoops from New Hampfliire 
 marched for the battle of Uuukcr's 
 hill. 
 
 Wilmington, a confidc- 
 rablc town in the county of New 
 Hanover, in N. Carolina. It is 
 fituatcd at the fork of ihc N. W. 
 and S. W. branches of the river 
 Cape Fear, at the head of the 
 harbour, 15 miles S. from l^runf- 
 wick, and about 8 from the At- 
 lantic E. 
 
 Wilton, by fome called New 
 London, a little townof Colleton 
 county, in Carolina. It confills 
 of about eighty houfos. It was 
 built by the Swii's, under the di- 
 reOion of a gentleman of ihat na- 
 tion. It flards on the N. bank 
 of the river North Edif^ow, abriit 
 I a miles from its mouth. The 
 building of this town has prov- 
 ed detrimental to Purtyfbnrgh, 
 which lies on the frontiers of the 
 county. About 2» miles above 
 Wilton is fort North Ediflow, to 
 keep the Indians in awe. 
 
 Windham, a county in Con- 
 nc^icut. New England, who is 
 bounded on the N. by Worcefter, 
 in Maflachufcts-Bay, E. by Pro- 
 vidence and Rhodc-lfland colony, 
 S. by New London, and W. by 
 Hartford county, in Conncd^icur, 
 
 W I N D H A M , the printipa i tow n 
 in the foregoing county, liiuated 
 on a river of its own name that 
 runs into the Thames river. It 
 is about 10 miles W. of Canter- 
 biuy, 5 S. of Mansfield, and li 
 N. of New London. 
 
 WiNowARD Passage, a 
 courfe of above 160 leagues, fo 
 called from cape Moraat, the eafl 
 point of Jamaica, to the north 
 fide of Crooked il]an<l,in the Ame- 
 rican ocean. 
 
 Ships may and haveofrcn failed 
 through this channel, from the 
 N. fide of it to Cuba, or the bav 
 of Mexico, notwithftanding ih'c 
 common opinion, on ac.aunt of 
 tlie current^ which is againll k^ 
 
 4;„i,i 
 
W O R 
 
 that thej keep the Bahama (hore 
 •-board, and that ihcy meet the 
 wind in lummcr tor the mud part 
 of the channel cartcrly, whirh 
 with a counter current on fliorc 
 puflics them cafily through it. 
 
 Windsor, East and W«st, 
 a (owns in Hurtford county Con- 
 ncfticut, on each fide the river 
 Conncfticut, North of Hartford 
 6 miles. 
 
 W I N G E w , a fmail river be- 
 tween thofe ot Winyan and Cla- 
 rendon, in the county of the 
 latter name, and Carolina. Upon 
 it is a (Vrail fettlcmcnt called 
 Charles-town, thinly inhabited. 
 
 Wis I SI NIT, a town on the 
 N. fide ot Bofton harbour, in the 
 county of Middlclex, Malfachu- 
 fcts-Hay. 'I'hcrc is a ferry of 
 abjut 3 miles from liolton to this 
 place, to the \V. of which was 
 Charles-town, from which it was 
 divided by MylHc river. 
 
 Win VAN, or Watery river, in 
 . Claiendon county, and N. Ca- 
 rolini. It is about 15 leagues 
 from A(l)ley liver, and capable 
 of receiving large Ihips, but in- 
 ferior to Port Royal, nor arc there 
 yet any fettlements upon it, 
 
 WoBU RN, a town in Middle- 
 fex county, in MjlTachufcts-Bay, 
 between Medford and Wilming- 
 ham, lo miles N. of Cambridge, 
 and 7 N. E. from Lexington. 
 
 WooDBRiDGE, a good town 
 of Middlefex county and E. Jcrfey. 
 It (lands on a creek within the 
 ibund formed by Statcn illand and 
 this county. It has no families, 
 and 30,000 acres of plantation ; 
 and lies about 7 or 8 miles from 
 Pifcataway. 
 
 Wood BURY, a town in Litch- 
 field county, Connefticu? , near the 
 river Shepoag, which runs into 
 Stratford-river, 15 miles N. of 
 Newiown, 7 N. E. from Ncw- 
 Milford, and 8 S. W. of Litch- 
 
 Worcester, a county in 
 
 VafTachufcts - Bay, bounded by 
 
 ,.Jlain|>ihir« on the W. SuiTulk ou 
 
 X A I 
 
 the E. Providence and Rho<fe« 
 Iflind on the S. and New-Hamp- 
 fliire on the N. 
 
 Wrentham, a town in Suf- 
 folk county, MaM'^chufets-Bay, 
 6 miles S. W. from Walpole. on 
 the principal road to Providence, 
 and about 10 N. of Attlebo- 
 rough. 
 
 Wri GHTSB0R0UGH,a town 
 in the diltria of Augulla, in the 
 province ol Georgia. 
 
 Wrightstown, in Bucks 
 county, Pcnlylvania, 4 miles N, 
 of Newtown, and 4 W. of Dclst^ 
 war-river. 
 
 XAlNTES,SAWTO8,0rALl« 
 SAI^fTs - Ist-ANDs, part 
 of the government of Guad-iloupe, 
 one ot the Caribhees. Fhcfe are 
 a fmall ifles on the S. E. fide of 
 Guadaloiipe, the moll wefVerly of 
 which is called Terra dc Bas, or 
 the Low - ifland, and the moft 
 eafterly Terre de Haut, or the 
 High-ifland : the third, which lies 
 exadly in the middle, between the 
 other two, feems to be nothing 
 more than a large barren rock, 
 and helps to form a very good 
 harbour. 
 
 In 1096, there were about 90 
 inhabitants on the 2 iflands fit 
 to bear arms. Terra de Has is j 
 leagues in circuit; Terre dc Haut 
 is the largcft. 
 
 There is good land in the ral- 
 leys and on the other fide of the 
 hills, the tops of which, though 
 ftoiiy, are covered with wood. 
 The air here always blows frcfb, 
 let the wind be from what quarter 
 it will. Mandic :o, potatoes, pcafe, 
 cotton, and tobacco, thrive here 
 to perfections with plenty of hogs 
 fed, as well as goats and poultry. 
 In the wild -grain feafon come 
 great flights ol wood- pigeons and 
 paffCts ; Una at other .tiiijcs hero 
 IS abundance of turtle - doves, 
 thrufbcs, and fca-fowl ; but they 
 have here ag frcil\ water. Anionic 
 
Y A R 
 
 the rocks there is (hell-fiflj, lob- 
 fteri, grigs, and congars. On 
 l.vnd jre fume few Mack catilc. 
 On the Tene de B«s is a neat 
 wuudcn church, tyiih two voy 
 coiwcnicin cncks both lor an- 
 chorage and landinc, 'I'he prin- 
 cipal trade of Jhe inhabitants is 
 in cotton, pulfc, tobacco, and 
 poultry. 
 
 1 bey arc fituatcd 2 Icigijes from 
 Guadaloiipe, and 5 from Maric- 
 galante, and their im)diicc in 17(67 
 was 50,000 lb. of cortec, and 
 90,000 lb. of cotton. 
 
 Xalisco, the mod fou'hern 
 
 firoTince on the coaft of Guada- 
 axara audience, un<l New-Spain. 
 It is wafted by the S. Scu on the 
 S.and W. boun<!ed on the K, by 
 Guadaiaxara Fropcr, and Mccho- 
 ■can, and fcpan.icd from Chia- 
 mclluQ on the N. by a narrow 
 flip o^ land belonging to Guada- 
 laHiira, and tunning out into the 
 fca. It is not above 50 leagues 
 h> extent either way. 
 
 It aboi)n«ls with Jndian wheat 
 and filvrr mines, but has veiy 
 ftw cattle of any fort. 
 
 The Xiilifco, an ancient city, is 
 the capital of the province ; yet 
 the moft confidcrabie place in it 
 is Compoltclh. 
 
 Xk&es dk la Fronteka, 
 a town in the moft fouchern part 
 of Zaca^ecas, a province of Gua- 
 daiaxara audicnce,andNtw-Spair, 
 It is garriibned by Spaniards for 
 defending the mines againft the 
 fuvage Indians on the fiontiets 
 of Guadaiaxara. 
 
 Y. 
 
 YAll^rou^H Town and 
 Harbour, in Barnftaple 
 county, Plymouth Colony, is fi- 
 tuatcd on the S. fide of the Pc- 
 ninlbla that forms Cape-Cod bay, 
 of which this is one of the har- 
 fcoui*. It is but 5 miles from 
 B^rnOaple, 011 the S, fide of the 
 
 
 Yarmouth, a maritime town, 
 
 Y o R 
 
 Hamp/Mre. It in fitnatcd at tF>e 
 bottcm of Caico-bay, at the 
 m«.Hiih of the river Uoyal, and is 
 a fmill town, the midway betwteit 
 liruniwick and Falmouth. 
 
 Yasoua, a river of Florida, 
 It lies about 60 leagues higher on 
 the K. fide of the Miffifippi, wta 
 which it c«inics a or 300 miles 
 out of the country. Upon it 
 dwell the nations of the Yafoucs, 
 Tounicas, Kowrouas, &c. 
 
 York, » county and town ii» 
 Pcnfylvania, whole S. boundary 
 is Maryldnd, i<s N. W. Cumber- 
 land county, and it is dividtd by 
 the Sulquehannah - river, on the 
 N. E. from Lanciftcr county. 
 The town is a flouiifhing place, 
 on a branch of the Sulliiichannah, 
 from whence it is diflaiit to m»lc» 
 W. and 25 S. E. from Carlifle. 
 
 York, one of the counties of 
 Maflachnllt$-Bay, New-England, 
 to which it is now joined, tho' 
 formerly diftin^t, under the title 
 of the Province of the Main, 
 —which fee. 
 
 Yo R K, the capital of the above 
 county, a maritime town, with a 
 river of the fume name near it. It 
 is 6 miles N. from Portfmouth, and 
 a6 from Salifbury, in Maflacbu- 
 fets-Day, and 70 from Boflon, 
 
 York, a county of Virginia, 
 It lies S, B. of James's connty, 
 between James - river and York- 
 river, containing 60,767 acres of 
 land, in the 3 pari/hcs of York, 
 Hampton, andKew.pokofou. I he 
 latter Hands at the mouth of 
 York-river. 
 
 York - River, by the IndJans 
 called Paniunky, in Virginia. The 
 name Pamunky, the npper liranch 
 of this river, in King William's 
 county, flill retains. It is navi- 
 gahle 60 miles by large fliips; 
 and by ketches and Hoops, 30 
 more. By croffing the neck of 
 land to Pokofou, one comes to 
 its mouth. It runs the fame 
 courfe with James-river for 100 
 miles ; and fo near it, that in 
 fome piacei it is uot iibcvej 
 
ted at tf>9 
 r. at the 
 pi, and ii 
 ly bctwceu 
 ch. 
 
 if Florida. 
 higher on 
 fippi, wtct 
 300 mi lei 
 Upon it 
 
 :c. 
 
 1 town ill 
 boumljrjr 
 Cumber- 
 
 ividtd by 
 
 r, on the 
 
 ■ county, 
 na place, 
 iichanitah, 
 t 10 m»lc» 
 arlifle, 
 
 Jiinties of 
 -Kngland, 
 infd, tlio' 
 
 ■ the title 
 iie Main, 
 
 the above 
 n, with a 
 car it. It 
 ouih.and 
 k'laflachu- 
 iorton. 
 Virginia, 
 county, 
 id Yor.k- 
 f acres of 
 of York, 
 foil. I he 
 nouth of 
 
 IncIJans 
 nia. Tlic 
 ■r liranch 
 Viliiani's 
 
 is navi- 
 f< fliips; 
 )ops, 30 
 neck of 
 omes to 
 he fame 
 for ICO 
 ti^at in 
 
 Y O R 
 
 tnilci over land, from one to ihe 
 other : which land between them 
 being fo well accommodat'sd for 
 navigation, and fo near a fuch 
 great rivers, is beft inhabited ; 
 and here the richeft plantcrj arc 
 fcatrd. Forty mile* up thi« river 
 It divides ilfelf into a branches, 
 navigable each a confiderable way 
 for (loops and bargee. The fmall 
 flip of land which divides James - 
 river from York.iivcr,js reckoned 
 a very rich foil, producing the 
 beft tobacco in that country, 
 known by the name of Swcet- 
 fcented; which is ftrippcd from 
 the (talk, before it is packed up 
 in the hogihirad ; and then ft clofc- 
 ly prtlfcd, that a hogfhcad w.ll 
 loiiKtimes weigh about 14 or 1500 
 wcijj^ht. And fome particular crops 
 of the mofl careful planting of 
 this commodity, have frequently 
 been lold at the key for ix pence 
 per pound. This fpot of ground, 
 fo happily fituated, has alfo the 
 conveniency of » inlets, naviga- 
 ble by flat-bottomed boats; the 
 one runs from James. river, and 
 extends to the northward, about 
 5 miles acrofs the country, to a 
 fafe landing-place. The other 
 runs S. from York.river, up into 
 the land; fo that the fpace be- 
 tween the landing-places of thefe 
 1 rivulets is only a mile, and the 
 foil gravelly; apd here William- 
 fbiii g is fituated : which, by means 
 of (hefe 1 inlets or creeks, com- 
 mands the navigation of James 
 and York rivers, 
 
 Yo itK, Nk w, a city and pro- 
 vince, formerly called Nova Bel- 
 gia, from its being planted bv the 
 Dutch. ' 
 
 The province of New- York, at 
 prefent, contains Long - Ffland, 
 Sa en Jfland, and the lands on 
 the K. fide of Hudfon's-river, to 
 the bounds of Connerticut : on 
 the W. fide of Hudfon's - river 
 from the Tea, tn !at. At lies fJc"-^ 
 Jerfcy : bounded N. 'by Canada ; 
 on the E. by Njw-England; on 
 the S, by the Atlantic- Ocean and 
 
 Y O R 
 
 New. Jerfcy; and W. and N. W. 
 by Pcnfylvania and Canada. La- 
 titude between 40 and 45. lon- 
 gitude between 71 and 76 W. 
 from London. 300 miles long, 
 150 broad, Long-Irtand, 100 
 miles long; 15 broad. 
 
 The ciiy of Kcw-York, at firf^, 
 included only the illand, called by 
 the Indians, Manhatans, Msti- 
 ning's-iiland ; the x Barn-iflands, 
 and the 3 Oyfter-irtands, were in 
 the county. But the limits of the 
 city have fince been augmented 
 by charter. The illand is very 
 nan-ow, not a mile wide at a me- 
 dium, and about 14 miles in 
 length. The S. W. point proje<ft9 
 into a fine fpacious bay, 9 mile* 
 long, and about 4 in breadth ; 
 at the cf.n.lnencc of the waters 
 of Hudfon's river, an«l the ftrait 
 between Long-Ifland and the nor- 
 thern fhore. rhc Narrows, at the 
 S.^ end of the bay, is fcarce » 
 miles wide, and opens the ocean 
 to full v!<;w. The palTage up to 
 New -York, from Sandy Hook, 
 a point that extends farthefl into 
 the fea, is fn(e, and not al>ove a 5 
 miles in length. The common 
 navigation is between the E. and 
 W. banks, in 12 or aj feet water. 
 An 80 gun (hip may be brought 
 up, through a narrow, winding, 
 unfrequented channel, between the 
 N. end of the E. bank and Co- 
 ney-ifland. 
 
 The city has, in reality, no na- 
 tural h'lfon or harbonr. The fhipj 
 lie off in the road on the E, fide 
 of the town, which is docked out, 
 and better built than the fide, be- 
 caiife the frefhcs in Hudfon's river 
 fill it in fome winters with ice. 
 
 The city of New. York confifis 
 of about 3000 houfes. It i$ a 
 mile in length, and not above 
 half that in breadth. Such is its 
 figure, its center of bufinefs, and 
 the fjtuation of the houfts, that 
 i:-~ mesn esrtsgc from one part 
 to another, does not exceed above 
 one quarter of a mile; than which 
 nothing can be mor« advantage* 
 
Y O R 
 
 ««• to « tr.a.njf ciiy. But Qne 
 gi«t natuul cvl) u, ,he i„}„bi. 
 tout* wo obhacd to fach thdr 
 water from fprrng, at a conlidm- 
 We diaance from the town. 
 
 Y O R 
 
 It ii thought to be as Iicahhy 
 Ipot as any ill the world. The 
 
 "'< S. puits. in general, arc 
 , ,bm ilic red i$ lituMfed on « 
 
 a 
 
 E. 
 
 Jovw 
 
 d'y,clcv«tcd loil. The (Ireeti 
 •I c irregular, hut, being paved 
 «ith round pebbles, are clean, and 
 lM.eJ wuh wtlMniiit brick hollies, 
 niany of wl.ich are covered with 
 
 u''\rf'' /"'' have row, of 
 trees before them. 
 
 No pun of America is fuppji- 
 
 ed wwh markets abounding with 
 
 Srcatir piety and va,ic(y. Thev 
 
 HUT beef, pork, mutton, pouliy. 
 
 rdo.'"' ^''i ';'*'• ^•■•"'^"". «X 
 
 .n*'/"'^ herbs of all kind., in 
 thdr fcuions. TI,eiroyrKr.arca 
 O^'n/idcr-ble article in' the f«p. 
 S."^ '■' P''"''- Thtir beds are 
 cf 200 fmall cf.f, are of.en foen 
 
 »erc a a time when the weather 
 i* mid in winter; and this iingje 
 yticle is computed to be wortTi. 
 •nimally, ,o or la.ocol. 
 
 This cl(y it tht mc.ropolii aod 
 grand mart of the province, apd 
 by MS coinmodious lituation, ccm- 
 msnds alfo all the trade of the 
 weftcrn part of Connefticut, and 
 that of J^aft.Jcrfty. No feafon 
 prevents their /^ips from launch- 
 jng out into the ocean. During 
 • be ^rcatcfi /Iverity of winicr, an 
 «qiial, unrcftrained a^ivity runs 
 «h,o«iih all ranks, orders, and 
 employments. 
 
 . Upon the S. W. point of the 
 "'y rtands the fort, which is a 
 Aiuare wirh 4 baf^ions. Within 
 the walls IS the houfc in which 
 the Governors uAiallyrefide; and 
 opjofire to it brick.barracks, built 
 lorm< rly for the independent com- 
 panies Tht Govcrnor's-houfe is 
 '" haght 3 ftories. and fronts to 
 tne W. having, from the fernn,i 
 «oi7 a fine piofpcrt to the bay 
 and the Jcrlty fharc. At the S. 
 
 end there was formerly a chapef 
 but this was burnt down in the 
 •Hgi-oc tonrpira.v of the fpriuir 
 «74« 1 «» was the whole of the 
 Governor's houfe, Dec. 29 177^ 
 which delhoyed. in a few'honr,! 
 «ll the public and piiv«ic papers 
 and valuable furniture. Accord* 
 i"R to Governor Buriet's obler- 
 vationi, thi, fort lUnds in laii. 
 tude 40, 42. 
 
 Btlow the walls of the garrl- 
 jon, near the water, they have 
 l.telyraifedalineof fortihcaiioii, 
 which commands the entiance in* 
 to thecaaern load.nnd li.e mouth 
 of Hudlon's-rivcf. This battery 
 is l)uilt of (lone, diid (he merlons 
 conba of ccdar-joills, filled with 
 «?.uih. Jt in.unis 92 raiiuon, and 
 thtii' ate all the works ihcy have 
 to .!eknU the place. About 6 fur-"" 
 long* S. £. of the fort, lies Not- 
 ten-ifland, containing about 100 
 or 120 acr«s, referred by an »{t 
 of aflcnibly as a fort of deoiefne 
 lor the Gov/rrnors. 
 
 The inJiabiianls of New- York 
 are a mixed people, but molWf 
 dcfcendcd from the original Dutch 
 planters. Thcieareftilli churches, 
 m wliich religious worlbip is per- 
 formed in that language. The old 
 buildmg is of done, and ill built, 
 ornamented within by a ftnall or- 
 gan-bfr, and brafs branches. The 
 new church is a high h.avy edi- 
 fice, has a very cxtenfive area, and 
 was completed in 1729. ft has 
 no galleries, and yet will, per- 
 haps, contain looa or 200 au- 
 ditors. The Ikeple of this ehurcli 
 affords a mod beautiful profptrt 
 both of the city beneath, and the 
 furrounding country. The Dutch 
 congregation is more numerous 
 than any other; but as the lan- 
 guage lictomcs difufed, it is much 
 
 diminiOicd; and unlcfsihcy change 
 tlieir woilhip into the Engliih 
 tongue, muft foon fuffcr a total 
 diflipation. Their church was fn- 
 
 t— i— .t..^u iyiay I J ^090, D> the 
 
 name of the mimiicr, elders, and 
 deacons, of the reformed protef- 
 
) R 
 
 merly a chipef, 
 
 HI down in the 
 
 of the fprinif, 
 
 c whole of ihe 
 
 r.t)eC. 29. 1774, 
 
 in a few hours, 
 piiv«ic p.ipcri, 
 Hurc. Ai'Cord- 
 aiinet')! oblcr- 
 tUudi ill liiii, 
 
 of the garrl- 
 icr, they have 
 of fortification, 
 he CDtiance in- 
 «nd the moutli 
 
 This battery 
 lul iJic merlons 
 lis, filled with 
 a rannoii, and 
 •rks they have 
 
 About 6 fur* 
 fort, lies Not- 
 ng about too 
 *C(l by an »{t 
 rt of demefne 
 
 of New- York 
 ', but meaiy 
 riginal Dntch 
 ill 3 churchef, 
 'orlbip is per- 
 agc. The old 
 
 and ill built, 
 >y a ftnall cr- 
 ranchts. The 
 ;h ht-avy edi- 
 fiveaica, and 
 7^9' ft has 
 •t will, per- 
 
 or .200 au- 
 f this ehiirih 
 ful profptrt, 
 i»ih, and the 
 
 The Dutch 
 e numerous 
 
 its the lan- 
 i, it is much 
 i I hey change 
 the Eiigliih 
 jffcr a total 
 irch was fn- 
 696, b> the 
 
 ciders, an<4 
 nied protef> 
 
 Y O R 
 
 t»wt Dnfrh Church of tlw city of 
 Ncw-VorJn «nd iti eflate, after 
 the expiration of fundry long 
 leafci, will be worth a very great 
 income. 
 
 All the Low Dutch congrcfra- 
 lion« in this and the province of 
 Now-Jcrfcy, wnrftiip after the 
 wanner of the reformed churches 
 in the United Provinces. With 
 rcfpril to government, they ate 
 in principle Prelbyterianii. There 
 are, bclidcs the Dutch, ^ episco- 
 pal churches in this city, upon 
 the plan of the eftablinied church 
 in vSouth-Britain. Trinity church 
 was built in 1696, and after- 
 wards enlarged in 1737. It ftands 
 very plcaCantly upon the banks 
 of Hurlfon's-rivcr, and has a Inge 
 cemetery on each (idc. IJeforc it 
 a long walk is railed off" from the 
 broad-way, the plcalimteft ftrect 
 of any in the whole town. This 
 building is about 148 feet long, 
 including the tower and chancel, 
 and 7a feet in breadth. The ftcc- 
 plc is 175 feet in height, and over 
 the door facing the river is a ha- 
 tin infcrjption. 
 
 The church is, within, orna- 
 inentcd beyond any other place of 
 public worlhip in New-York. 
 
 This congregation, partly by 
 the arrival of ftrangers from Eu- 
 rope, but principally by profclytes 
 from the Dntch churches, is be- 
 come fo numerous that though 
 the old builoing will contain 2000 
 hearers, yet a new one was ererted 
 in 1752. This called St. George' s- 
 chapel, is a very neat edifice, faced 
 with hewn (lone, and tiled. The 
 fterple i* lofty, but irregular; and 
 us lituation in a new, crowded 
 and ill-built part of the town. ' 
 
 I he Prefbytcrians have an cle- 
 giiit meeting, houftf, ere^ed in 
 17455 ; but the F/cnch church is 
 greatly gone to decjy. 
 
 The German Lutheran churches 
 arc 2. Both their "laces of ^^o-- 
 iliip arc fmall : onc'^of them "has 
 a cupola and bell. 
 
 The Quakers have a meeting- 
 
 Y O R 
 
 houfc, and the Moi^nvlani • church, 
 confidinfj principally of female 
 pro.'elytes from other focictic*. 
 Iheir fervlce is in the Enghfli 
 tongue. 
 
 The Annbaptifts affemble at a 
 fn>all meeting-houfe, bur have at 
 yet no regular fettled congrega- 
 tion. The Jews, who arc not 
 inconfiderable for their numberi, 
 worftiip in a fynagogne ercOc-! in 
 a very private part of the town, 
 plain without, but very neat 
 within. 
 
 The city hall is a flrong brick 
 building, 2 Ilorics in height, in 
 tlic fliape of an oblong, winged 
 with one at each end, at right ^r,, 
 gifs with the ftrft. The floor be- 
 low is an open walk, except 2 
 jails and the jailor's apartments. 
 The cellar undi-rneath is a dun- 
 geon, and the garret above a com- 
 mon prifon. This edifice is crc<n- 
 cd in a place where 4 (Irects meet, 
 and fronts, to the S.W. one of the 
 molt Ipacious ftrects in the town. 
 The caftern wing, in the fecond 
 ftory, confifts of the aPembly- 
 chamber, a h)bby, and a fmali 
 room for the fpeaker of the houfc. 
 The weft wing, on the fame floor, 
 forms the council-room and a li- 
 brary; and in the fpacc between 
 the ends, the Supreme court it 
 ordinarily held. 
 
 The library confifts of looo 
 volumes, which were bequeathed 
 to the fociety for the propagation 
 of the Gofpel in foreign parts, by 
 Dr. Mill'ngfon, redtor of New- 
 ington, in 1728 
 
 In 1754, a fet of gentlemen 
 undertooJt to carry about a fub- 
 fcription toward* railing a public 
 library; and in a few days collcft- 
 ed near 600I. which were laidout 
 in purchafing about 700 volumei 
 of new, wcll-chofen books. 
 
 Befidcs the city hall, there be- 
 long to the corporation, a large 
 alms-hoiife, or piacc of corrcdlion, 
 and the exchange, in (he latter of 
 which there is a large room, raifed 
 upon brick-arches, generally ufed 
 
I 
 
 TOR 
 
 for public entertainmentt, con- 
 certs of mafic, balls, and aflcm- 
 blics. 
 
 Though the city was put under 
 the govcinment of a mayor, Sec. 
 
 y o R 
 
 in 1665, it was not regularly \n 
 corporated till iC86. Since that 
 time feveral charters have been 
 paJTed : the Ja(l was granted by 
 Governor Montgomerie, on the 
 a5rh of January, 1730. 
 
 It js divided into 7 wards, and 
 is under the government of a 
 mayor, reco ..-ier, 7 aldermen, and 
 as many afliltants, or common- 
 councilmcn. 
 
 1 he north-eaftern part of New- 
 York-Ifland is inhabited princi- 
 pally by Dutch farmers' who 
 rave a fmall vilJage there called 
 Hailcr , pleafantly fituatcd on a 
 liat,cultivatedforthetiiy-markefs. 
 pThc province of New-York is 
 rot fo populous as fome have inia- 
 p;ined. Scarce a third part of it 
 IS upder cultivation. The colony 
 of New - York contains about 
 »50,ooo inhabitants, the greatcft 
 part of whom arc difcended from 
 the Dutch. The exports of this 
 colony confift chiefly of grain, 
 flour, pork, fltiiis, furs, fire Thofc 
 to Great-Britain, before the pre- 
 fent (Hflurbances, amounted, an- 
 nually, to 526,000!. and the im- 
 ports from thence 531,000!. 
 
 £nglifl) is the moft prtvailing 
 language in Ncw-Yor' , but not a 
 little corrupted by the Dmch -Mi- 
 .lc£V, which is Hill fo much nfed in 
 fome counties, that the Iherifrs 
 find it difficult to obtain perfons 
 fuflficiently acquainted with the 
 Englifh tongue, to fcrve as jurors 
 in the courts of law. 
 
 The manners of ihc people dif- 
 fer as well as their language. In 
 - Suffolk and Queen's county, the 
 firft fettlers of whiji were either 
 natives of England, or the imme 
 diatc defcendants o*' fuch as be 
 gun the plantations in the eaftcrn 
 colonies. ih<?i!" cuftoms are fimilar 
 to ihofe prevailing in the Engli/h 
 counties from whence they ori- 
 
 gtiully fprung. In the city of 
 New-York, through their inter- 
 courfe with the Europeans, they 
 follow the London falhions ; tho' 
 by the i.me they adopt thm they 
 become difufed in England. Their 
 affluence, during the late war, in- 
 troduced a degree of luxury iit 
 tables, drefs, and furnitute, with 
 which they were before unac- 
 quainted. Rut flill they are not 
 fo gay a peopie as their neighbours 
 in Bofton, and feveral of the 
 fouthern colonies. The Dutch 
 counties, in fome meafure, follow 
 the example of New- York, but 
 ftill retain many modes p culiar 
 to the Hollanders. 
 
 The city of New-Yprk confifti 
 princip;illy of merchants, fliop- 
 kcepers, and tradcfmen, who ful- 
 tain the reputation of pun(ftual 
 and fair dealers. With refpeft to 
 riches, there is not fo great an 
 incijuality amongft them, as is 
 common in Boilon, and fbnic ' 
 other places. 
 
 The inhabitants of this colony 
 are in general healthy and robuil, 
 taller, but fj.ortcr lived than Eu- 
 ropeans, and, both with retpeO to ' 
 their minds and bodies, arrive 
 fooner fo an age of maturity. 
 Breathing a ferene dry air, they 
 are more -prightly in their natural 
 tempers than the people of Eng- 
 land, and hence inflances of fuicide 
 are here very uncommon. Few 
 phyficians fettled at New - York 
 are eminent fortheirlkill. Quacks 
 abound like lociifts in Egypt, and 
 tro many of them have recom- 
 mended themftlves to a full prac- 
 tice and profitable fubfillcncc. 
 This is the Icfs to be wondered at, 
 as the profertion is under no kind 
 of regulation. Loud as the call 
 is, they have no la\" to prote<ft the 
 lives of the King's fubjefts from 
 the malprafticeof pretenders. Any 
 man at his pleafure fets up for 
 phyfician, apoihecary, and chirur- 
 
 examined or licenced, or evco 
 fworu to fair practice. 
 
R 
 
 I the cily of 
 I their intcr- 
 ropeans, they 
 'aihioni ; tho' 
 )pt thm they 
 gland. Their 
 
 late war, in- 
 >f luxury ill 
 irni(u(e, with 
 before unac- 
 
 thcy arc not 
 ir neigh hourc 
 /cral of the 
 
 The Dutch 
 afure, follow 
 I'-York, but 
 )dcs f culiar 
 
 fprk confifti 
 bants, (hop. 
 :n, who ful- 
 of pun(ftual 
 th refpcft to 
 fo great an 
 henrt, as is 
 and i'ontc 
 
 this colony 
 
 and robu(^, 
 '<\ than Eu- 
 :h rcipeft to ' 
 (lies, arrive 
 r maturity. 
 y air, they 
 heir natural 
 le of Kng- 
 es of fuicide 
 non. Few 
 New - York 
 ill. Quacks 
 Egypt, and 
 tve recom- 
 a full prac- 
 fubfifk-nce. 
 ondered at, 
 ier no kind 
 as the call 
 
 prote<ft the 
 >jerts from 
 iders. Any 
 ets up for 
 jnd chirur- 
 
 are ehhcf 
 or eveo 
 
 Y O R 
 
 Yorh Ifiso'^ ii 1 5 miles Hon?, 
 and 3 broad, at the extreme North 
 ead of which is King'j-bridge, 
 which joins it to the continent, 
 over a river about as wide as the 
 Thames at Fulham, the oppofite 
 (bore of which is high, where 
 Gen. Wafhington had his camp, 
 zz :niles from Horfeueck, in Con- 
 neft'cut. New Englind. Thii 
 iflaad and city were defended by 
 the Provincials with great refolu- 
 tion, but abandoned to the Kin)$'s 
 troops, who touk pofl'efllun of it 
 and the city the t5th of Sept. 
 1776, when the enraged Provin- 
 cials fet fire to it in feveral places, 
 which deftroycd a great number 
 of houfes, &c. froiH the Well of 
 the New £xchange along Broad- 
 ftiect to the North River, as high 
 as the City Hall, and from thence 
 along the Broad Way, North Ri- 
 ver, and King's College. Among 
 other public buildinj>s, the fine 
 edifices of TrinityChurch,the Lu- 
 ther;<n Church, Parfonage Houfc, 
 and Charity School, were deftroycd 
 by liicindiaries on Nov. 20 fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 The lituation of New -York, 
 with refpe^ to foreign markets, 
 15 to be preferred to any of our 
 colonies. I' lies in the center of 
 the Britifli plantations on the con- 
 tinent, has at all times a Hiort eafy 
 accefs to the ocean, and com- 
 mands almod the w.hole trade of 
 Connefticut and New-Jerfey, two 
 fertileand well-cultivated colonics. 
 The projeftioYi of Cape Cod into 
 the Atlantic renders the naviga- 
 tion from the former to Bofton, 
 at fome feafons, extremely peri- 
 lous; and fometimes the coafters 
 are driven ofT, and compelled to 
 winter in the Weft Indies. But 
 the conveyance ro New - York, 
 from the eaftward, tiirough the 
 Sound, is (hort, and unexpofed to 
 flich dangers. Philadelphia re- 
 ceives as litileadvantage from New 
 Jcrfey, as Bofton from Connecti- 
 cut, becaufe the only rivers which 
 lull througjii thivt fvomce cUiem- 
 
 Y O R 
 
 fjogivc not many milei from the 
 very city of New- York. Several 
 attempts have been made to raifc 
 Perth Amboy into a trading port, 
 but hitherto it has proved to be 
 an unfeafiblc proje«f]t. New- York, 
 all things confidcrcd, has a much 
 better fituation; and, were it other- 
 wife, the city is become too rich 
 and conlidcrable to beerlipfed by 
 any other town in its neighbour- 
 hood. 
 
 Their exports to the Weft-In- 
 dies are bread, peafe,ryc-meul, In- 
 dian corn, apples, onions, boards,, 
 ftaves, horfes.ilieep, butter, clici fe, 
 pickled oyftcrs, beef, and pork. 
 Flour is alfo a main article, of 
 which there isfhipped about 8cooo 
 barrels per annum. The returns 
 are chiefly rum, fugar, and mo- 
 lafTcs, except cafti from Curacoa, 
 and when mules from the Spanirti' 
 main are ordered to Januiica and 
 the Windward- Iflands, which arc 
 generally exchanocl for their na- 
 tural prodHce; for they receive^ 
 but little caili from the Englifh' 
 iflands. 
 
 The fur-trade ought not to be 
 paflcd over iu filencc. The build- 
 inpr of Ofwego has conduced mors 
 than any-thing elfe to the prefer- 
 vation of this trade. Peltry of 
 all kinds is pmchafed with rum> 
 ammunition, blankets, ftrouds, 
 and wampum, or contjuc - Ihcll 
 bugles. 
 
 Their importation of dry gooda> 
 from Englan^l, till of late, was fo 
 very great, that they were obliged 
 to betake lhem£llves to all pofliblc' 
 arts to make remittances to the 
 Engli/h merchants. It is for this 
 purpofethey imported cotton fron* 
 St. Thomas's and Surinam; lime- 
 juice and Nicaragua wood from' 
 Curacoa ; , and logwood from the 
 bay, &c. and yet it drained them 
 of aUthefilver and gold theycould^ 
 colle£V, It is computed, that the 
 annual amount of the goods pur- 
 chafed by this colony in Great- 
 Britain, was in value not lefs thatv 
 100,0001,. ftaliu^^; aod th« iua» 
 
i 
 
 Z A C 
 
 would have been >nuchgreater,tiaa 
 a flop been put to cUnde(tine trade. 
 
 Thii colony if divided into the 
 following coumiei : New- York, 
 Albany, Ulfter, Duchefs, Orange, 
 Weftchefter ; and itt Long-Ifland 
 ire Ki.ig'i, Qijeen'i, and Suffolk 
 counties ; bclides which ii Rich- 
 mond, or Staten-lfland. 
 
 The only capes are May, San- 
 dy-Hook, and Montock points ; 
 «nd the only ftraits arc the Nar- 
 row! and Hell-gate. Through the 
 latter, about 80 yards uidc, it is 
 extremely daagcions fjiling, on 
 account of the different rapid cur- 
 rents ; for if a velTcl gets into any 
 bin the right one, Ihe inevitably 
 tuns into a fljoal of rocks on one 
 fide, or is whirled round and fwal- 
 lowed up by a dreadful vortex on 
 tthe other. There are alfo the fol- 
 lowing rivers s Hudfon's or the 
 North, Mohawk, and Sorrel. On 
 »hc Mohawk is a large catara^, 
 called Cohoes, which falls 70 feet 
 perpendicularly. > 
 
 Yucatan, a province and 
 peninfula in Mexico. See Juca* 
 
 ZACATECAs, a province in 
 Ncw-Spaia, bounded by 
 New Biicay on the N. by Panuco 
 
 Z A C 
 
 on the E. Mechoacan, Guada- 
 laxara, and Chiametlan on tl)« S. 
 and by part of Chiametlan and 
 Culiacan on the W. It is well 
 inhabited, and abounds with large 
 villages. Part of it lies in the 
 temperate, and part in the torrid 
 zone ; it is about 100 league* 
 in length, and 45 in breadth. 
 The veftern part of it is an arid 
 traft,and would not be inhabited, 
 were it not for the mines, which 
 are reckoned the richeft in Ame- 
 rica; but theeaflern part abounds 
 with corn, and fruits of vaJous 
 kinds, and its foreftt are full of 
 deer. 
 
 Zacatkcas, the caphal of 
 the above province, fituated under 
 the tropic of Cancer, 40 leagues N. 
 of Guadalaxara, and 80 N. W. of 
 Mexico. Its garrifon confiAs of 
 1000 men; and there are about 
 800 families of flaves, who work 
 in the mines, and perform other 
 laborious works for their Spanifb 
 maAers. Latitude 43, 29. longi- 
 tude 103, ao. 
 
 ZACATULA.afmall port-towti 
 of the province of Mechoacan, 
 fituated at the mouth of a river 
 of the fame name, on the coaft of 
 the Pacific Oceani Lat, 17, n^ 
 long. 104, j8» 
 
 FINIS. 
 
7acan, Guadt- 
 ctlan on tl>« S. 
 hiametlan and 
 ^. It ii welt 
 indi with large 
 
 it liei in the 
 t in the torrid 
 t loo leagues 
 5 in breadth. 
 >f it is an arid 
 t be inhabited, 
 
 mines, which 
 chcft in Ame- 
 1 part abounds 
 lits of va^iou* 
 At are full of 
 
 the capital of 
 fituated under 
 , 40 leagues N. 
 d 80 N. W. of 
 "on confiAs of 
 ere are about 
 es, who work 
 jcrform other 
 • their Spanifh 
 23, 29. longi- 
 
 lall port-town 
 f Mechoacan, 
 th of a river 
 )n the coaft of 
 1-at, J7, a»k 
 
 I