w IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I lit 1^ 25 2.2 2.0 IL25 HI 1.4 I Photographic Sdences Corporation >g^>' •ki WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTH.N.Y. U5M (716)872-4S03 '<^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian (nstitute for Historical IMicroraproductions / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa Tachnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha Instituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat originai copy availabia for fiiming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibiiographically uniqua. which may aitar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction. or which may aignificantiy changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackaid ImIow. rri Colourad covara/ uLJ Couvartura da eoulaur pn Covara damagad/ D D D D Couvartura andommagAa Covara raatorad and/or iaminatad/ Couvartura raataurAa at/ou palliculAa □ Covar titia miaaing/ La titra da couvartura manqua I — I Colourad mapa/ Cartaa gtegraphiquaa an eoulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da eoulaur (i.a. autra qua Maua ou noira) nn Colourad plataa and/or illuatrationa/ D Planchaa at^ou illuatrationa wn eoulaur Bound with othar matarial/ Rali4 avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may eauaa ahadowa or diatortion along intarior margin/ La r0 iiura aarria paut eauaar da I'ombra ou da la diatoraion la tong da la marga intiriaura Blank laavaa addad during raatoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibia, thaaa hava baan omittad from filming/ II aa paut qua eartainaa pagaa blanehaa ajoutAaa lora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta, maia, loraqua cala Atait poaaibia. caa pagaa n'ont pas *t4 filmAaa. Additional eommants:/ Commantairas tupplAmantairas: L'Inatitut a microfiimA la maillaur axamplaire qu'il lui a iti poaaibia da sa procurer. Lea details da eat axamplaire qui sent paut-Atra uniquaa du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui peuvent modifier una image raproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dana la mAthoda normale de fiimage aont indiquia cl-da«eoua. 1 t D D n n D n n Colourad pagaa/ Pagaa da eoulaur Pagae damaged/ Pagaa andommag^aa Pagaa restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurtea at/ou paliiculAes Pagaa diacolourad. stained or foxed/ Pages dAcolories, tachettes ou piquAes Pagaa detached/ Pagaa d^tachias Showthrough/ Tranaparance Quality of print varies/ Quality in^gaia da I'iinprassion Includes supplementary material/ Comprand du matiriai aupplAmantaire Only edition available/ Seule idition diaponibia Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc.. have been refiimed to ensure the best possible image/ Lea pagea totalement ou partiallement obacurciaa par un feuiilet d'errata. une pelure, etc.. ont M filmies A nouveau de fapon A obtanir la mailleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document eat filmA au taux da rAduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X »X • y 12X 16X 20X 24X ax 32X Th« copy fllmsd h«ra has bMn i'«produc«d thanks to th« flMiarosity of: Nmv Braniwick MutMim Saint John L'oxomplairo fllmi fut roproduh grico A la OAnAroaM do: Nmv Brunswick MuMum Saint John Tho imagos appoaring horo aro tho boat quality possiblo eonsMoring tho condition and kiglbllity of tho original copy and in kaoping with tho filming contract spacifkMtiona. Laa imagaa auhrantaa ont At* raproduitaa avac to plus grand coin, compto tanu do la condition ot do la nottoti do I'axampiaira fllmA. at an conformit* avac laa eonditiona du contrat do filmaga. Original copioa in printad papar eovora ara fllmad baginning with tha frant cover and anding on tho laat paga with a printad or iiluatratad impraa- •ton, or tho back cover whon appropriato. All othor original copioa ara flimod beginning on tlio first pago with a printad or iliustratad Impraa- slon, and anding on tho laat pago with a printad or iiluatratad Impraaston. Laa ORamplalroa originaux dont la couvortura on poplar aat imprimAa sont fllmAs an common^nt par la pramlor plat at an tarmlnant aolt par la damMro pago qui comporto uno amprainta dImprooskHi ou dlilustration. soit par io second plat, salon to eas. Toua las autres exemptairee origlneux sont filmis en common^ant par to pramtora pago qui comporto uno empreinte dimpression ou dlilustration et en terminant par to dorntora page qui comporto uno telto empreinte. The leat recorded frame on eech microfiche shall contain tlie aymbol "-^ (mooning "COM- TINUED"). or tho aymbol ▼ (mooning "END"), whichever appiiee. Un dee symboles suhrents apparattra sur to demlAra imege do cheque microfiche, seion le cae: to symbole ^^ signifie "A 8UIVRE". le symboto ▼ signifie "FIN". Meps. ptotes. cherts, etc., mey be fHmed at different reduction ratioa. Thoee too torge to be entirely included in one exposura era filmed beginning in the upper left hand comer, toft to riglit end top to bottom, aa many framee aa required. The foitowing dtograma illustrate tlie method: Lee cartea, planchee. tebieeux, etc., pouvent Atre filmAe A doa taux da rAduction diff Arents. Lorsque to document eet trop grand pour Atra reproduit en un soul ciichA, ii est fiimA A pertir do I'engto supArtour geuche, do gauciie A droite, et do heut en bos, en prenant to nombra d'images nAoessaira. I.as dtogrammes suivents iilustrent to mAthode. 1 2 3 ■,u; ■ '*-, ■ - -'-) 6 -r.:, % •••«.:•■ . :^i; •-;«",- '^' ■!•' ; v'V-., I 1.; • Vft.t '■•:'-%.*■ ' teaWMCitmmitai'wMMia ' ijja".wt>!g ' .wii" *"- ' ■MhiMHrtTH HHMMMan ■■i iwm jg « > \m ff. ■^JBTiiMM-^^II WB H WI'' ' ■ MtmnHi ' \^im^^m&m:Aff^> ANNUAL ADDEESS DELIVERED BEFOEE THE MEMBERS 3, ,»' A.'tJJ'CJ'S ■Bft? -liStVi' OF THE FRBDfiRICTON ATHGNIUM, MARCH 1, 1858, v^ JOl VOEINSON, 0. 1., PBISIDINT. - ' •-•-- - ■ ■■'" ■■■ ■' ihi W:- PMNTBD BJ ORDER OF THE SOCIETY. >V:v;i1', J ;v few'^- '' FREDERICTONt VRINTKD BT J. BIMPSOIT, AT THB ROTAL OASBTTB OFVIOB. 1858. ?.a«^;-.. ikwmi ?iKtaia,i4 ant aiiu :i:i JOyilTi ^(ITDlillMJl \ ^mi \ A-:>nkm .1: >i1 , J M-SmMUl ^ IM^ YTaiDOe MHT "'iO T^;:;TJ10 /il IttTitUi'l i pti .lit iIKJ AlffirUAL ADDRESS; . ... y .•\. irmfTTT-rrr'^ «rn)titei'|^itiii/| UttvWjr of ^is SodMy, requirei uk to rcriMiee tb|elhe^ iM ^ift #«liiBiVe ttodtfen during tbni^ {ilfilatant lidai%, i'ci'dit not Wftbodt nidtttdl profit bHA ^ttiMyi dp ^ntitlMr kSn#. The ndiilbi^l* 6f inetebert te ^tiBliiittiiiM htyei d^ Moi^ than one bceaWion, been inidffieleni it fbm « «ie«itini^ «grebabty to <>ne of the rtileA of the Sobie^i WUetherthis itrinipenejr of this mle iiiigfct not be ab rettnted Hi her^uifteif ie obvialie thAi diffieoffey vi^itbont involting. aoifee greater intenirenienee, 10 a point wfaiefa hai frefni ti^ne t^tlM^ been inooted, without levdihg to any definite f^ropMitibni In a Sttiiety iui y^t ao limited in number^ not one of whom haa the adiantage of nivch AwedoM from peremptoiy engageimeaia and hindraaeei daring the greater portion ''hiati«e» it would be femewhat aangofne to expect that the attendance thonld liever fell short ef the requirement of the rule* On tkm wbeiei a>feview df the inatatieea of failore under such. eireumManaea wiltiidi I am petfluaded, bis such as to form no ground of da** eoun^menfci On tie contrary I think it Woidd appear that the fateafdy a^&l of & oMrtain nambn* of our membera has always been so fiur auperier to drdinary causes of abSMicei thiit in meist cases, had the number required been less by al single uiiit, in or4er io form a meetings the men^bers preamM could haye proceeded to business. WNtber this inay ba a iufficient reason why the rule aboUld be so far changed aa to tauto in fUtule the less frequent pariiliyoljr reeetit oppoftanities of perfonal knowlMlf e ga?e the mora intarett to what he itated^ Uiat the rapidly increaiiaf appreciatioD af ebaM alMHigit the wbrkiilg population of England bad bean notieed ai a gratifyii^ ia^eaiion of tbair •ooial and intellectual impfovement. tir^-uylAi ';• . linaicti In the month of Mtiy a f^lii^ar was read by Dr. ToMerty on those difeeaset whieh, daring hit long professional etperienee, he has aotioad as more palttcalarly incidental to the locality of Fredericton and it^ ^inity: Such a pAper would, I coii- eeive, be ?alaab)e to tha medical profession any#here/ but to us and to residentli o^ this neigfabonrhood it is of speclikl interests Itii hot my province to dwell on the pathological details Which the author has to compr^faensirely and lucidly brdught together, bht I hare a few words to offer on his con- cluding temarks. Substantial measures of Attnitary improre- ««nt are liable to be too long neglected eten in old and wealthy communities ; and in those which, like our own, are compara- tively new and slow in increase of numbers and wealth, mere temporary etpedients are firom year to year adopted in ordci: to ward off the evil day ; but as population becomes mor^ dense, such expedients are seldom if ever adequate to pmvant the accumulation o^ impurities and consequent aggravatidn ot disease, until it breaks out ih sohie pestilential ferm ; and not tin then, under the iiYipiilse of sitdden alarm and dismay, are necessary measures gladly adopted at almost any cost, which during ibe period of comparative ease, heitltb and security. Were not thotrgfat of, or continually deferred. We have seet^ this iliustrated in miny of the principal cities of Eurdpe and America, especially since the visitation bt the cholera. It may be that the urgency of such measures in Fredericton is not sd greatas in matiy places of larger population; The locality may on the whole be regarded as comparatively faeaithy. Thetbwn i# most favourably sitaated for drainage into tbe magnificent River on the margin of Whidh it rests. But it is doubtfel whetheir any thing like an efficient drainage has yet been attained, aAd it is certaiillfaat netbtng more timn the ordinaty Rainfall and »4Wt m iji m I' n w w uwic wiiWiaii iA' ff , whow com- Wge gave the Ity inereaiittg population OT stion of tboir r. ToWerty o* tttl ei^rieneei to the loeaKt^ would, I con- f where,* but to t b of speeiki ho pathological ely and laoidly lifor oti hii eon- nitary improf e- old and wealthy ft, nre compam- d wealth, mere dopted in ordoir becomes moi^ luiite to pretr^nt ai^gravatidn ot (brm ; and oof ittd diffmay, ar^ Any cost, which |th and tecurity. Wo hare ieieU of Europe and iholera. It m^y jericton is not so •he locality nitty The town li magnificent Riiror loubtful wheth^ir m attained, add ,ary f ainfall and tkiB melting of the wintor'e snow form the AgeiTcieM fti< wttahivf off the accumulating aur&ce and other impurities Ho a^great extent indeed* ihfso are nol washed oft butt limn thift bnil eharacter of the gronndv are ooceeaarily •b«Nrbo4s whilst tJie water which must foriA the bei!Orage and entet largely IntottJie fpo^ of the groai^ msjori^Qr, oi^ the i||M»iodt impitre we^er, s^a^iaitien, dc,c. ** Water," be eddl, M oeestjytules a meet imperMipti aed esccntial part of our foodft and it ie highly nee es8ar3r,^^ba^ i^, should be pare ; for, evei> 4^" the solid Ahn) which wei ee^i, weier constpuifet four, fifths. Ii miay be; said that even nne temhe of aH$ thefe«diwetakeif fl^e^" M Wow*'* he eont»9wei9, •* with rpspecji tottheie^i«tepce eCeryspiogemui plantjijaiid Jthieir epei^CA in ;^e etweapbere,! am not prepcHreA te sey o^««cW bu(« thet >tl|ey e^ ipi all tlie weief wedrink i^eyMcmeneugh* I: h«Fe wed© e, nuicrosoftpie e^HMninatioq-of the' water ^ken. from- ten or e 4wen vr^Up in di^erent; pert4.q^it|ie citf-withiif^the lest, few weoks^epdthey ^.^.mtmmm .' im i WM i^^ mmmmmm • are all rich in Aingi. The most common is a spades of tha botrytis family. In relative proportion to the quantity of this fkii^oid growth in any water do you find a eorrespondin|f amount of animal life, from the simple virbrione and monad up to the Paramecium, rorticella and rotifer.** ^«^^^ -i^mff Saub, then, is the compound which we are in the haMt Or consuming as pure water. With lips parched by the heat of summer, we hold it Up to the light, admire ks cool and crystal transparency, and unable to detect with the naked eye a float- ing atom, we fireely quench our thirst with a liquid load of vegetable and animal life. How far these ingredients may be rendered iUnocuous by the process which water must undergo in the preparation of our ordinary food, we cannot tell ; but it is certainly desirable that, as a general rule, thev were not thereat all. rij^b-lHi^ ^ ttWtfl'-^^fi^it'i'irr'^ The expense is, of course, a standing obstacle to sanitary improvement everywhere. But it may not prove comparatively etpensiire to obtain a supply of pure water for this City. The first underlying stratum of clay is that which holds the surfece water, and forms the bottom of all the present wells. Below this the surfece impurities cannot penetrate, and may be seen finding their way from this level at various points along the bank of the River. No experiment, that I have heard of, has been made in order to ascertain how far below thirt stratum of elay it may be necessary to penetrate, before reaching another and more ample and unfailing supply of water in comparatively a pure state. It is not probable that this depth need be much lower than the lowest surface level of the River Saint John, say from d5 to 85 feet, according to the situation in which the borings may be made, or about double the ordinary depth of the present Wells. The situation of Fredericton would appear to be highly favourable to this mode of supply. At thb worst, the question would become one of comparative expense, whether the emergency could not be met in some other wayi>^^«^^^^(^^ It is highly probable that a liberal supply of pure water could be procured, by collecting the springs which issue from the high ground in the rear of the City ; perhaps sufficient for uantitj of thif eorreiponding »oe and monad n the habit of i by the heat of jool and crystal ced eye a float- liquid load of sdients may be r must undergo anot tell ; but it they were not aele to sanitary re eomparatiyely this City. The lolds the surfiiee It wells. Below ind may be seen jints along the ye heard df, has thii stratum of eaching another in comparatirely th need be much iver Saint John, ;ion in which the ordinary depth of ton would app<»w At the worst, ixpenso, whether ir way* of pur* water Iwhich issue from leps sufficient for the population for a long time to come. There is, however, a ■till more copious supply available, though at greater expense. This would be from streams within a distance of from two to five miles, with the important advantage of flowing from a bit^b level, say within a range of from one hundred to two hundred and fifty feet elevation above the level of the' City, as might be deemed most advisable. At a rude estimate, I conceive that a supply on the most liberal scale for the sanitary purposes of 80,000 inhabitants could be thus obtained ; but, including necessary filtration, the whole expense would be heavy, do large a demand would also be remote. At the present rate of increase of the population it would not occur within the ensuing half century. In the meantime, if the more available mode of sinking only to double the ordinary depth beneath our feet mould prove to be eflectual, then thft impor- tant cecessary of wholesome water ought not to be wanting to the poorest family in the place. With these observations suggested by Dr. Toldervy*s paper, t proceed to that read in the month of Juno by Mr. Vernon Smith, *' On the past, present, and future of Atlantic Ocean Steam Navigation.*' The author engaged our attention by a vivid, comprehensive, and instructive resume of each division of his subject, in a manner to be expected only from one who had given to it much patient consideration, con amore. His introductory remarks in substance consist of two general pro- positions ; — 1 . That transatlantic steam navigation, from its too costly character heretofore, has not been so beneficial to these Colonies as their importance requires ; and 2. That recent economical improvements in this mode of transport, now in successful and extensive use, are adapted to remove that difficulty, to enlarge the interests and to strengthen the ties between these Colonies and the Parent State, as well as rapidly to bring all nations into peaceful intercourse. Before explain- ing the improvements to which he alludes, Mr. Smith briefly sums up the previous history of steam navigation. He assigns the merit of the first successful attempt to Symington, a Scotch Engineer, in 1802; and not, as sometimes claimed by our 2 iiiiiii \i m i AttttrfMO braitbrtB,' id FaiioB m « liitQr date* ARtit fjkmhrig •t the epoeb marked ky JanM* WattV grmt iaifrovMMiii hi ttie ittam^ 9Dgine» aad Miiie of it» niaiv ttrikiitg covMqpeMei ill it«iHW«atifaiioiiv tlie aathor r«i»hiit a» fluilltfee Jrii^^^^^ MtccMtflil tvaaiiiClaiitM f ayage ir«* taada 1^ tito iUyal WilKaak ii id39; a%o4i whlob waa *« a tbafougb o4flaa StiaRiar^btfill 4t Tb#aa ]tiiwr« oa tie St. liawtaaca, bj danadiaa aioutiiai No?a Seatia asah." At tbia pMfad tba hapovtaaaa of staaai poirar m tho equipmaat of ta«i«lg of wkitt ht wan aa la tha eaminarwat marine, had baeotaa geaeralli^ reeogidMd; atfd Briiitb akiH aad «Biev|Nriia bacataa knfa^ ii^gaged itt pei<^etiaf hi appUaattoau The ytmt 1838 witaeated tb^^ aslabliabmant af eoiapMiaf Oieean€«e8fiMi#s, aad to the aaffae year tba Britiib GoTaramenl kirifed taadara for ataam caavajanaa of the 9aila bacwean England and America, whicb reaaMed ia the aaMd>liahaMnt af tha Cuaard Liae of Fackatf^ But sotwilhalaBdMii ibe auasesa 6t Ocaaa Steam KayigatioB aa aa aebiehreiaeniaf neaiiaal-aadf maebanical dkitl, the kpse of BHiBy yeava ef axperianaa an4 faitproveawat baa tended only to confli'm tba maaiai&ble and faaietiBMa derided pradtetioa of DK Lardaer, tbatv as tjiaa aaderalaod and af>t>Ke^ iteaat fxower eaitkl not be eonml^r eiilly praitable for oeeaa r»Ymgem.* It saema novr to he admits tad that the reaiailuibla aoacesa of tha Canard Live af Pa!ekel% the aafttiling regularity of wbiah for nearly treaty yearH baf beea the adroiratioa of both Conliaeii^»i eeuid nol have baaa aastaiited withoal the large rabaidy derfrad from Governroeal ; aad that the aaroe is equally true tf tbe CToHias* liioe ia the UilitedStatea, is proved by its entire failure reeaatly aanouneed. la the meaatima near methods hare been varionaly testedr a^ aH erealnally to prove thai though Ocean Steamera wbieb ra^ tain; the aunibrotts paddla-wbaal metbodi of propiiliioat may tbtts be aaaWoidibly dependent upon adventitious aid for coai- mereial success* it ia not so with vessela which oaa fuMy uaite '■ II I . ' * Tkotigb tk« p^acHeUMi is bm* pM fa tHto AMdMrd ■»■«, it wit aildiraUWdiy wrim toftd b« iat«Ul|««t bmAmI n4 tatateiuttilfi mep. oMpIy inmrnttisd in tb« qi)f«tioB fi;t th« timtr d&M Dr. LHdiwV pniMMMMM^^Ililhtt th« itwelwfleil ^AbUrabniiy of o^4a M««9 Governmetsil » la* Line is tb^ ily ft»nouiM)e4« ,a«ly t«st«4t "^ leri wbieb r«*- •cipilMioVi i^^y If aid for ceqft- c aa f»My UP«*^ lE^ r aalafA* of boib wiad and aleiln, ai fMrmitttd by Ifae iMftc iha aasiUarj ferow* Mr. Sinitb bfea «xf)lain«d fa anbai tiiafe itaited advatotag (» eoaMrt. Tk9f ar« inob iodeed that p addli wh aa l fkrafNiWdB araj boaiipefeiod at lo diMaal liiaa ta irii ieto diikisai aad tbat tba toidl mibfiitttilan of tba ieraw viU bo pr^rrod bolb ia vinMs of war aad in tluooo of «oib*> maroa. Tbo aeoaotaioal rooall iavolvod ia tbio eoaiplalo^ f 0Q0Mffitl tfaonitioQ Iroat a vorf oaatly to a aomparativcly iajBapaailya motbod «f ttoaBi propalitoar^aaat bootborwiia tbah vary ittipoftaat to oeniaiorQe ttaiver|ia}lf ( aad I tbink Mpo itiaa^ agree with tba intelligaot aatbor Of Ibif papor^ tbat thb antacowffd aow ato ao cmoa t of tbe Daai^diaii Jiao of aaroiVHpraf poUod Ooeaa Stfam^rt batavolvod the bad and pf9nN«9of a ItPiQiftni fatairet i»ot mrigr no tbat Proviaoa, bat also tp oar own, )f wa ia Ubo maanar araU ouriolrei of our geogi»pbi<^d pofn« tioii afd aoawaarQial roioiircef. Froai a qoamti^a of nMuqr jFoaia fltaadiagi it if aot diffifait for ai# to a^ioat ta tba propo« fitioiH Ibati ip ooaaaaiiQa witb aJa4i^ioaii ayiiam of iRailw^ni ^Ib^bodiac pad Miramipbi bave adyaatagai wbicb ara want- iv^ to aiai^of tba Forts at presoot adopted t>y Ocaaa ^teamam. 7^0 peiciuUar adfantage of Hiramicbif daring ^ba period pf ai^rigaliiont is tbat of closer proximity to Suropa tb(^o aay otbav pf^rt of tbis Continent pesseiiing e eoit for traniportation that by eanat and riilwi^ to New York aad other ports of the Atlantie. These would be' the advahtagei of Miramiehi daring the •vmnier season, or the seven months whieh embhiee on an averag e about 80 per dent, of the business of the year. During the w^ntieln the aceumulated nierchandiBe at this place eould at any time take adtantage <^ the market by means of about 170 miles of railway transportation to Saint John, or 120 miles less thsin between Montreal and the nearest Atlantic port. Sueh are the obrious geographioia:! advantages appertaining to thii Proyinee fbr steam communication with Europe and elsewhere -advantages which have long been understood, and which recommend the eventual selection of Such point on the Oulf cbast as "shall for all time be best adapted for an ocean packet sttoion, and as a divek^ginff point Of at system of ridlways at once Provincial, Inter-Colonial, and Inter-National in its character. In the cbncluding portion of his paper, Mr. Smith discuises with miicn intelligence and ability, the leading peculiiirities and ihe pirbbable success of the modern Wonder of art, at the tiihe tiiioWn as the Orea*t Eaitern. The majestic pikiportions and perfections of thSs structure have since, however, been in due fbrm' better recogtiized by the tiame of '* the fluency of well-chosen wovdsi the abundant: imagery, the aptness of illustration^ the varied and declamatory tone and action whic|ilornitbefesonrGef of oratory. These may co-exist with eloquence, but other- WMC, however perfect, will not be eloquent. That in short, a 010831* api^cehension of this power is not so easy as at first glance might apitear., ; That the definition! of the term itself is difficult, is shewn by the unsatisfiietory dbfinitions by eminent literary authorities which Dr. Brooke has adduced. It appears rather to be one of those terms, the meaningof which is more easily conceived thoin defined; like quicksilver, elnding.the touch and refusing to be moulded,^ like a vulgar metal, into; specific shape. Those definitions, indeed, which were placed before us as the least okgectiondble, have still a degree of indisr tinctness which leaves something for reflection to supply. The character of the individual, the importance of the subject, and the emergency, ace no doubt requisite to pre-engage an audi- ence; whilst truth, earnestness, clearness, and concentration, seem essential to the power of eloquence. This is, I think, a &ir deduction from at least two striking but very opposite examples presented to us ; that of the venerable but now for- gotten member of the British Parliament who wrapped up in a short sentence, a force which hours of declamation could not have strengthened ; and that of Edmund Bnrke, of immortal •tVMirmmxsin ummm 'ip- " f' WI W ilHbH 14 til n amnotf> lilifid.luaiiitovt pr^ixitj was w«tatlo^rodao»W6ari- MM mum naMf tAiil co«ficti(ili« I «hAll, k>w«f er» ImnI ^amilt «gr <»irB er«4U if J do not tritt mjralBlf furtlMt on tfait inbjacic but mtiher ■eniml iIm SocmIj Ibol tb« JnMrMttif ^per to trUeb.I lwf« iiQ# rathlled tbeirattetiUbti^ wa* elooali Iqr an Intioiatidn, that tba autbor migbt at a fbtnnl time ilipplf whirt bo bad than ottiitt«d» and dtt, aiawnf tl otb^ oiamplam in iliaitration of bit thfOia» aoma of tbe foatantioni aloquanoa «baracteeiftiB of u lale ooUc! Dube. Fi^m tbii I gkdfy infor that Dr^ Bmobo baa in raaarve a portion of 1m Eatay ianeb too intereatia^ and ibilRaotivo to b« poitpanad bejoad raib aarif daj Mtaiagr auitbia ^caaure aad toaroaianoa. '^^^otti-laM aiMtia| ffao prograiiiva faa^ratnantf in tb« iooidtera tiiatbad of aM:6H4iniag lobgitadai by iMigaatia tala- gt^pbi #ei^ ax|>iainad to oi hj Dt, Jadii ill iho iOitaa tttoid fHantta^ #b(€b on many fornietr oMaaiohiaiid oaotiiarittE^atttt* h^ eoaducad iio mateipially to oor plaaaura and initruetlDilf. The obaerlrations df tba taarnod Ptofbtsbr «refo illmtrated by a avodel of tba aiagaaiie tatogtapb, Iti^d by aaTital diagraoia oJ^j^aatory of tba moda af bbiartiig tiis traaiit iif tba baavaaiy badies, and of cba ao-ibddalit aotatiott of time and transniiMdafl of tSigmUM by the tafegraph. fiame of tba reraita ^t the Joiai tabonra of ftn. Toldatfy and Jaak in tbit ai^tbodof aatfertaia^ iag longHudeai bate alraady baea bafeipe cha Soeiatyj and tbara 11 a?ery probability Ibai tbay ata axaai to a dagroa wMab eaw^ not be bbpad toir by the ordiaary matbodi. In arary impvofa^ maat, boaravan fn praaiiaal aelaaaa, aoma inparfettion in the firlit axparimant* it to be expected, and tba ph-aaaat caaa waa aMMi ataeptioa. It was firn noilcM, I baliava, by Profeisbr Bond, that tba iregietratiaa of time and tba initaat of tba tra»> ■it of any given itar might be aaeompliabed Indepeadently af tba baad aad tbe ear of tba obierter j by aid of certain tneeba- nioat an^aagebietttiB ia eenneetion with the magnatie Ibree and the matadiaiite bf the attronoini^al eloek* Ha tuceaadad in applying l!l«t«WTn«WRlmi(pi»a»ll»B!»*»«; ift olMH«i|ioB# hfwBin^ng f the nndifiraet#d aiUMi^v of ib« 6bs«rv*, tttiiiieroii«lniBettoa»(if tbt liuMf tiar doritig itf pM^ MUg^ atfriMf the field of the iottrumetit, tlww pr ugre i eir ely feilbiegt •• tiM learaed ProfiiMor eipfcHMd to ui, ii ofdlerto flttaiit reraliff mere «nd more eiaci, or to«till oioreviliote fraetioM of a^seeoBd of tlMe. IVi tfaote #li4 bkaj not hifo given loine eirdsideratiott to the mifa$iB«t« tbs tnportaneeof tfaie ie^nemeat may not at the fitit glanee bfr4ippareat ; but te i» readilj iinderstood when we appfy k as a ebeck upon extensile trifoniometrici^ and ether measareBienteQatbe groaod« Jreqni- fing tl^ axtcenie epre and preeisien of those appertaniilig to i^ g.reat natiom^l imdenakiagi like the Coaet Sarvej of the liJaited 9lfites, pow in pi^fev** H w pi:opor^i^naS|y kopoiM^m if sufTeys of> snuiUer extent' Now we otdioarily segard • ifciend of time a« jnn e^f eedingly sii^all spacer tbe smalMil indeed that we trouble ourselves to notice : but wbepi we. appl^ it to tbf Ijmeal admeastHreincni of the earth's rotation! it is Xooii4 t^ pretpceewt on a parallel at the e^iintor an extent of 15^ ffi^t n^a^y., Tbip dislAnee. pf course, diminishes ei"<6Ter]r parallel suooesnively towards either pole, propdrtionatiy to the sin^ of the co-lftti|u4e< Iii lA^o latitude of fredericton it repre^ sents 1077 feet nearly-^thaf ie to say, in asi east and west direetion } and a tenth i^ thia, corfesponding to one tehtb of a fecond of time, would be about 108 feet. We therelbre per- eeire that whilst we are refining in this method of ascertaining longitude, so as to ho exact, with tolerable certainty, to ood* tenth of a second in lime, thMi means than we are etill certatji oel^ Hfithin 8 range of lOQ to 150 JEeet, lineal measnrementv according Co the latitHdei of the placie. But in m properly eondttcted trigonometrical Mrvey, an error no grMrter than this, in an extended syntem of triangtes, would he inadmissible and pevhaps exceed ii^^ pcirplexingf and the falws< of tibe electro-magnetic method of ascertaining k>ngttude weirid be m promptly detecting in ivfaat meridiaiiof the sysr,es!» such an error had occurred. Prior to this method of A»,aerternif)g lorn- ^ude, I feel justi^ed in saying that the vesnUs of the ordinary n^thodt afe nearly yalueleps where a reliable check on the H if II Wi nktire. {MMutiMi 6f remote points on the ground i^ importMit ; ezeept in Uiese casee where unlimited peine aided J^y the beat appUaneei, neceaiarily involving great expenie» have bejen emptoyed. It is» howereri eearcely nefeiaary to remark* that theiieiegraphie method of ascertaining longitudes can super- sede other methods oulj within the limits of an established telegraphic system ; and that on the oceaoi or in uninhabited countries, or in those to which the telegraph has not yet reached, tho ordinary methods must still be pursued. I have now gone over the ground marked by the proceed- ings of the Society during the past year, and though we may not have wrought wonders, I trust our labours have not been without results to which we may recur with satisfaction. We have, on the whole, passed with success through e|nirnn f fu rii probation^ t trust in a manner not to require any' of us to look back with regret at whatever share he may have taken in pro^ moting that success. It has been sometimes said by individual members here, arid those the least likely to hiave dccasion to say so, that they had been lead by the obligations of our rules to reading and investigatbns on sul^ects connected with our proceedings, flrom which they had derived both pleasure and instruction, which otherwise they should probably never have enjoyed. I doubt not but that this satisfaction is more or less shared by each of us, and in my own caso, I the more freely acknowledge it, because it is one of the proofs of our success. This was one of the objects proposed when the Society was founded; bu. I think I am right in saying that it was not in- tended to circumscribe our views of benefit to our own limited circle ; but as the Society increased in numbers, in combined intelligence and constitutional vigour, it should if possible be more influential for good, and particularly with reference to the industrial interests of the Province ; 1 am prompted to make this remark by the dark cloud of commercial depression which continues to hang over us. We are, I believe, unani- mous in regarding our dependence mainly on one, and that an exceedingly hazardous branch of industry, as greatly to be de- plored; and that without multiplied employments to create >-afM?i-'Tji«?ffl»l* . m i«9ular amrloitf, we mutt bate a languiahin^ i^kulMirjB* im^ Dk'eMurioa* glaaint of prosperity. To increasa mere qtirolnqra bjr ionnigration could only bdd to our 0mh^nwun^n%i;W§ hiiTeAiHnbtrs already uoenpfeyed. I viUaot occupy 41m jtinif «f th6 Socidyi'if ith ebe detaUai»poa wbleb I foaad flif eiAi(||i|lA» but I think I am safe in saying tliat there ar^-fvitbiQi^h^ < oiuinicipality of Fredefidon alone, a number «f fpemooa 6f various ages and of both eexesi not leia ihan 500*: wbo^ th<|Uf b not absolutely unemployed, oouMv itithouk deftviment tohaifjr other employment, be transferred :to neir and preifitalMe -emr ployments; Suppose that number of persons e^dii one with anetbei^ earn nlore than- ia now earned, only fire sbiUinge.p^ week eaeb^ the year rouad^. a^ stune new branch of induf^jTi; this would add more than £6,000 lo the income of !theyi#i^e community, with 4he< unfailing moraL and sociaji, , results wblxih iminrk the difference between. iadustry and compttfatiye idleo^ff . -If I am 'bet jgreatly mistaken in this viewj it is then of eor- ^sponding importance to «« to invite and pvomote the im- Mtigraiion, no^of m y*^ ^^'^ •^«''^' 5i ■*"'^^ ^'^ ; "fhjnj-an ;!v;or':lfin rhnY' It is tfaevefbra, t bonceivQ, of moich importance to acquaint oatiselveci with the kbtory and example of communities etery- wheve, which have Engnalized themselves!^ auoeetsfiilly etiHst- itig in aid of their growth and f»ro8peiiity,8iieh of ti>e industrial arts as may be applicable to our own situatioB* , Wo need not confine our view to mechaedca) aiid manufat- turing arts only. It may be pratiUeto* cultivate certain crops wkh advantagn^ «ot only for domestic^ use, but for exportatidOr; say for instance flax, bemp, or hopsiii The last is indeed indigenous to the soil, growing rank and tacf lect^d in the ieeesses df our unreclaimed alluvial landt. In Eni^rid this crop is exceedingly precarious. In this country it might not be so ; or it might be abundant when a failure in. England.. 3 Iff-'- fit} Ef'4 : if '■■•' K m la Yd '^iie diity is indevd enortnotif , ami In abundant jrears ironiA (irlBiBliide tmportatfon in Cbgland. But the artiete haa th0 iidrahta^e of not being perishable; and ecu Id be stored fimr ttfllltd^flrlhe period to a^tiit a remunerative market. Afl ■aueh rtaatters are Worthy of enquiry, ahnd I think are Idgili- *ltiattiljr within our recognition. «'' At the !risk of a little t^dioosnbss I will ment'iob another '^op^' of a less doubtful deBisriptioh, in the ftbundanee and quality of whidi New Brunswick equalsy if i*t do not exceed) amy other country whatever ; and what is more, this crop dbes liot require either capital or immigrant kibourfbr its cultivation-; It'is of spolitanDotls-growth. To our reproach be It said hoAf- 'eVer»' like other blesfiings which are freely awarded to us in imKmited abumianee, it 4« neglected, if not too often despised. We let the Opportunity of gathering it pass away, and wiiefi "we-sOe it watfing and disappearing before our eyes, we rather rejoice at than regret the er^nt. Neither the prudent, qor th6 economical, nor the philanthropic inflection disturbs our minds^ tfailt millions of, our fellow-beings in distant dimes will pine and languish for that which Was thus in ,oilt power to ^upply^ You all know that I aUtide.to what our entetprtxing aeilgh^oarsctill the'Aice?erop.''^ nt^r^inhf ? jl' i: ThiB!8alutary|)Foducthais.b00O appreciated in easterly tmtions from unknown antiquity; and that it was ]bo by one (tf the wisest of men haa \itien thus perpetuated i n the Book of Pro- verbs-^*' l?hat as the cold of snow in the time of harvest, 40 is ii faiUiftil messenger to one that s^nds him ; for be refreshes the soul of hisi'master.'^ Th^ sale of ice and snow procured iti the caves of Vesuvius aYid on the raoi^e elevated parts of Etna, is said to haV8 Jon^ bee a considerabfe branch of trade iA Naples^ Catania, ahd the adjoining Towns ; and in all the so«th of Italy find in Sicily those articles arO regafded as of prime necessity. It is ndt many years stntce the Bpeculative jienius of N«W England was directed to ice as Im article of comm«f oe. Which tiiat boiintry oootld abundantly atipply ; and it has withtft tA short period ibeoomO: a business of the first importance. iPbe fidd of demaxid embraoes besides the Americfm IJnioii^ ir ''-t_>w»;;.!t'-. It ftdt» iwwJo KTtieie haMth^ be stored fi»r » market. Aft nink are liigi**- lentibti •nother ftbaedanee and t do not exceeds e, tW« crep dbe« ^r its cuUivaliotti [i be It Mi'»d hoflT- wairdcid to us id often dospieed. awayt and wheft r eyes, we ratber ) prudcniti nor th* ion disturbs our listant ctimes wiH in otit power to lour entetprizing in easterly ttations BO by one « .»i«i«»i iwu «>« * A MMMM , Tie he first a joiot caie k to conti- 1 in the )fitable, • itration, view to xpensea make a adeei^ ' »> )r ell »fi« i'';ym all I feiluro. in a con- oftradfe and, and L These couraj^e- certain, laracter of much ortation>; tity, and list, as in ence and observa- no repul- to tlie need not nterest, I share in ,4