IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /y .*> ..W-? t^ <5> signifie "A SUIVRE ", te symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmad at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hen^ cornar. left to right and top to bottom, as many framaa as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre film As A des taux da reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, II est filmA A partir da I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut an baa, en prenant le nombre d'imagas nAcessaire. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthode. rata > elure, A 3 I2X 1 2 3 1 2 3 • :♦.: 5 6 i a., ^5 . t 3 i 1i Is -i U, — liiilMMMMiHiaMi ■7iKTr"T Victoria Illustrated I'riii.isiiii) rsniK \in vi -.rn k«. pf f 1 - ^ The Corporation or the City of Victoria 1 s. Is j c l (.)\ lAIMNl. \ (.INI.KM l>I.M Kll'l K>\ 0\ Mil. I'KONIMi: Oh HKIIIMI COllMIHA. AM) A KiAiiu 01 nil-. uisiXKi IS. n KMiwi. Ai)\ \\iAvi;s, i.i;m:k\i. 4M)rsiKii:s, \\|) I I, IMA 11: 01 \K rOKIA, I III; Mjri-IA' CIIA , AND IIS ^Kll!l■IAU^ iiMMin'. h "I FIX 1:1. ) ' II I. ( 'S Tlx. 1 11: n IIIROl (.Hi KT. irUIIMlli) ll\ I I. LIS \ (.1)., "I HI ( iiIoNlsT, \|( loUlA, II. C I Si|i Victoria iLiLdSTRATED. Till', niTc.its (or ^luii ;i \M>rk .i- the '>ii<- ii"\\ |.i. ,(iu< il, li.i.. iliirini; anriil \i-,irs, |.....in<- i^ciKT.ilU rcro^iiizril l.\ .ill li.isiii- .il Ix ,iit lli.- ini.ir.t. ■>! \iit..ii.i. .in-l ..1 till nMunilucnt I'nniiin- i>l' wlurli it i. iIk' ( .ipiMi. Il it. n-.il"!-, ,it liMiMc. I'm tlif |iiil>li( .11 l.irj^f. r.ii wliMin il i. juiii. i|. ii!\ iimixlr.l. il i. ■.iitficiiiit to s.i\ tli.il tin- oLifit >.l lli< |)ul(lii.ili<.n i, ii. mJvc in .i , luiici .c r-irm .1^ i.u,>il.lc. .1 U\\ l.ut". noiinliiij,' .i * il\ . \vli-.-< -iil.^t.iiui.il ^n.wili .m.l n.inir.i! .i-h.iii- tajjos arc witlvnit |iiir.illil in tln' I )<>iniiii"iii <>l » .tn.ul.i. In till' t'llluwini; l>.iL,'i'^ will he tminil .i n<< "^-i.triK luid hi^i.irv <•! tlii . iM-.niiilul .inut.ir\ ri--,iHirci-s. and ut s..rni- i>t tin- .ipiirci i.itin^ il> K""'''' \aUi«- as a crnin- ul ir.ulr. ami ihc wt iltli nl the n oiiric-s of th( triliut.irv c(>umr\. Ii.i\c aitit-d in ni.ikin},^ il ilu' rirhca ind most import. mt city in ihc l'ru\iiicc ut iJriiisli Columbia. I'.l.lls X (' (). — ' 1-J^miJ.U.l ' l .l-UJiiUi,!!- ' VICTORIA. B. C. rO ilsowti Diituriil advanta^t-s, apparent In iiilolli^;»'iil nhstTMTs 01 en bffi'ri- the axo hail boi-n iaid ti> llio fir.t Ircf ttn its >itc, N'ivl.Tia mvc*. nnl only its liirlli. hut its (growth in |v>piilati< k'ri>Nsinj; a ii>nliner\t t.> (^ixe it liti- anil ri'miniTii' ; no brilliant picturing of the hiaiiH of its livation, or ill'.- saliibrili of its iliniati' ; no worUI-w iiK/ a>l\ ertisinj^ of tlu- untolil \aliii-s of tlu- \irj;in inini-s anil lori'sis in ilu' tribu- tary I'oiintr), or tlu- wealth of its adiaient waters, are to be thanked by \'iitorians fi»r the importanie that their eily has now attained in iommeri;e, or the allraetions it offers l.> people of wealth and refinetnent, in search of a delij^ht- ful plate ol residenee. Fifty years ajjo, before ininii^ration to the shores of the I'.uiru' was allra>'led b> the dise.iverv i^f jioUl in I'ali- fornia. Kort \ iiloria had an exi.tenee. The jjold seekers wert- preieded h\ the fur dealer-, and the tirsi house in vthal is now the ^ueeiiK i apilal i^i Ifrilisli l't>lunibia, was th.tt ol K^ni- of the adienlurous traders o\ the lludsiwi's \\.i\ lonipaii) . As years rolled on, ihe iniportanee of the post oi^ ihi- s.nilhern extreniil) of \'ane.'u\er Island bee.ime more and n>ore reeoj;ni/ed. l\f the .\r>;.inauls. Knim I'alifi'rnia. where the\ tasted the sweet and the bitter of the j;''ld fexer. the treasure-seekers, with pick .-ind shoxel, poured into \'ictoria, equipped iheniseKes, and passed t^<\ in hundreds ,ind ihous.uids to the I'Vaser, or to tiiriboo. Ihe historx of \'iet,>ria"s life during; the "sixties," is the history of many plai.'e« in Ihe West, which (jold finds have made famous in a day. The mad se.irch for riches made the villaj^e .1 city and one, while the excitement was at i(s hei^fht, oi con- siderabli population and •onslanllv ch.in^;in)i character. After ihe fever came the re.iclion, which even more tried the younj; and ^tru>;>{lin^ citv. Many of Us citizens, how- ever, knew its worth, and Victoria passeil the crisis s.ifely, and commenced the sieadv, subst.mti.il j^Towlh, which iias led ti' its reci'tjnilion to-dav as the wealthiest eit) for its si/e upon the continent. SI II VI ION. Located at the southern e\lremitv of X'ancouver Island, the situiition of X'ictoria is remarkable for its beaulv. ami its ad.iplibilily I > the purposes of commerce. The city rises gradually Irom the Straits of San Juan de I'uca. ami from the land-locked harbi;li bluffs, alike ilanj;erous and incoin eiiieni, mar any of the wide and well kept streets. Ihe liarbimodatinj; and sheltering; in the riiu);hest i;ale that blows, the lar^je-.! s|..-amships and sailin); vessels to be found upiui the waters of the I'acilic. Their course from the ocean is a clear one, there beini,' iiii d.iiif^erous and torluiMis ch.inmls, and .10 shoaU i>r rocks. .\i this outer di>ck, for which Mr. K. P. Rilhel deserves the j;rati- tude ol N'iclorians, abund.int water and excellent vvharla^e is afforded for shipping; ol any drau^^hl. The shore line of Victoria hiirbor. which is entirelv protected by 'he natural ci)nlormatii>n of the land, is about seven miles in lenmh, i;oi>d anchiira^,'e beini; found in many places, while well app.'inted wharves ixteiid lor a mile or more in almost unbroken successioi;. Here it is that iKvens ,•>( steamers and sailing craft of all sizes are to be f.niml at all se.isoiis iif the vear, receivinj; or discharj;in); frei>,'lit. The >;re.it majority of the wharves are lighted by electricity, and all are provided with the most approved appliances for the quick despatch of business. lil'slXKss roK no\. Victoria's business streets are wide .md handsome. The policv o\ the people has been not ti' concentrate the business life o( the citv upiMi any one street. Hence, liovernment. Fort. \'ates. |)ouf;l.is and Johnson streets are all bustling; ciimmercial lhi>rou);hfares, while a vast amount iif substantial business is transacted daily with verv little show I'li Wharf street, the mart of the vvhole- s.ders. tiovernment street beinj; the first business .iv enue, still retains first impiiriance. while (or massive structures of brick, stone and plate ^las' , jlouj^las street is rapidiv all.iinin^ promineiwe. .\ll i^i the business streets boast buildings i^t imposinj; desijjn and the most modern .irranjje- ment, but the city differs materially Irom many others in the neifjhborinj; States, in that it is tar from beinj; built to meet a non-existent dem.md. Fmir and live story blocks are uncimimon, but everv IiH>I of accommodaliiMi pnniJed is utilized. In this particular point will be seen the <.\->n- servative policy which has made the city what it is; the boom policy, so common to Ihe cities ii| Pujjet Si>und, is thorou^jhly lackini; here ; the business atmosphere is different ; nedits are maintained, and (Eastern merchants I7( roKf. I ru.rsTR. i /•/ /> always poini with priiU' aiul lonrulciK--.' Ii< llu'ir trailc with this point ; in tlu' hito unsvttloil linaiiiial iVi'linj; i'\ii-nilin>; lhri>ii(;lii
    iii'\ In tlu' Souml I'ilics ti> alU'viali' tlio strinjii'iikj at thcsi' pninls. Sn^riMt, in I'ai-I, is Ihc crcilil of X'li'loria lliat the i'it\ bnntU timl a roailx marki-l at } por I'l-nt. Kl \l IV. I'roportN xaluc". have i;ri>wn stcailily iliirinj; tlii- past iwoiUy years ; and hero may be luUcd «mio fact foncern- \n\i \'iiti>ria aiul N'iitorians uliiih is very si^niluant. Nine-tenths i)|' the i ity's residents nw n tlieir homes, and, if in husinoss, their business premises. Siieh a stiite- rnent can he made of hut few cities in the land. The following,' compilation furnished b> tlie Hritish l\>lumbi,i Hoard of Trade, nixes since |HM«> the value i>l real estate, persona) properix anil iiuonie assi'ssvij in the t'ity oi \ictoria ; NlMfv. VnliLiJiun kiiil l'.»li\lf. Valualion Kxiiiipt Ko.ll I^Llll'. ViiiuAlion I'niintly. T.>x.ili)i' liu'iimi-. l8So %2.lf>l,'Hl iSSl 3,749,075 2, 8(19,675 3,o<>i,2.S5 J, 104,S«)0 5. 1 7X, Soil 5,644,410 5.7$o.»95 .'i.75X.445 S.'M«.90| i).j67,6ou 17.700,000 IS.SJ IS.SJ I8S4 iS,S5 1886 1887 l,S.S.S I.S.S.) lS<|o 8 ST 8 r I 2 •^. C t^ «^ t * i : : : ~ >•'.'. ', si::: ■5 1 =* I i i i- $3,150,000 $145,000 j.j7S,ooo l7J,»oo {.260,000 3.440,000 3,445.000 4.1S4.63S 4.4^5.?" 4,K7(i,(>52 5.74'<.7'>7 6.376,830 7.5if..37S I48, The folKnxinj;, also trom the same s»>urce is interestini,' as f^ixiiij; the comparative xalue of real estate, personal properly ,'ind taxable incvime o( the li>ur principal cities in British Columbia : YEAR t 800. |)<"MTi|.tion of .'\vsfsM.uvrl. I \Vc%tmiiiMcr. Nilll;lilll<'. Krai y.AMv . $.''5'' S' '.'"•' Inmiiic (•.akal>lf)... 6i9,2(x> : a8o,loo 62,650 T..i.i;. I'l, 373,630 ; 10,520,074 4,167,121 19,900 IK.vri|ii«..ti.il l'rM|«'ii). 7.516,378 3,413,550 1, 344,51.2 *»2,45ii 736,450 J44.JOO 9l,y»> iH.ioo a5,q5a,8tli . 14,257.810 . 8.410.722 i.rm.jso 1,246.410 ' .ino.oao 1.6N7.2CO .Viit valunl llM'.MlK' (t.lV4l»t(*K. Tottl7!r~ K>.iil ¥m. 'ii,lViiMi>t • 16.840 IJ.«*S 6,641 4.S'>$ \.iliir |«'i <'.i|iii.i .. $i.iii4 29 $1,06378 $1,52054 Il max also be slated that vxheii Ihenvvx citx limits are included next year, the assessnieiil will be increasvtl bv about ifi'.iMiD.iiiKi. sov I.M.I. V. .\s a place of residence, \'iclv>ria offers attraclivms that can be presented by no other city in the I'rov ince. Il is the conunerci.d, political and social capital. Here are the I'.'rIiamenI buildinj;s, lourls and liovernment v'Hici-s; and here the hcailquarters of Her Majestv's iK'et in the Ni>rlh Pacific, as \»ell as of " I' " Kattery, K. I' .\. The otlicers ol the service are e'.er read) lo assist in an\ leslivilv, ,ind their presence tends materially li> the success of the social pleasures of the city. The society of Victoria is of the hij,'hest order, and fully emial ti> that of any citv km\ the .Xinericin continent ; everxbodx has the lest privilej^es of jjihhI educati(>n, whereas the perst»nal ownership of homes and their attractive surroundinf,'s, so universal here, must, in the nature of thinjjs, bef»et and increase refinement ; the X'ictorians are proverbial for an easy distribution of time between olVue and home, ,ind it is this very l,ul that makes their homes and sivivty so attractive, ,ind life .1 fair dixi- sion betxveen l.ibor and pleasures. There ,ire Ixxo exi client clubs, thi' I'nion ,iiul the X'Ictoria, ami while furnished in true I'.n^lish substantial comfort, they occupy hands(vers of manly spiirls, in- cUulin^ football, cricket, tennis, xachtin^, lacrt>sse, rt>win^, hunting, 'cyclinjf and horse racing. The benevolent ort;ani^ations include the \' ■ M. l". A. ■ iiul the \V. C".T. I'., in both of which much interest is taken. The .Mastdvl l-'elloxvs and other secret societies are xvell represria, and do ti'll justice to lur mani- fold charms, xxiuiUI rcipiire the peiiv il of both povt .out artist. I'riMii the heights upon whith nianx ol lui vve.illhy citi/ens have built their hi>mes, the scene presfiiteil is truly ^ K 5? 7: y l/CTORfA /l.l.rsTR \ TF.D, it i;r:iiul i>iK'. Till' wi'll I'rilcn'il, pii-liirosqiic i'il\ in llu- llio ariliili'iliirc »>t llu-ir huniox. In parks ;nul ilrivi-s, liiri-(;rtiunU ; hcvoiiil, tlic >hitntncrin^ harbt>r and Straits, tiHi, llic Nanu- lt<\c ol hvauly is apparent. llt-auMi llill n-lUvlin^' tho iloop blue of the oky ; ucrosii this ^ranil I'ark han few rivaU on thv continor.t. It i'ompriM.*>> twoor biuh i>l' waliT, llu- Straits I'f Jtian Av l-'iiin, may be sccii three liuiulred aiTes, well wootleil in part, anil interseeled the ^'littcrin^, snuvv-iappeil iinexen iitie of |vaks of the with larriane ilrives lineJ by roj al oak trees, «ner whose i>lynipii- ran^e, exlciulin^ o\vr the westerly part ot the hcHiisi-entiiries have passed. Two or three miniature lakes, State i>r Washington ; to their east, (>n the other side of bordered by );reen lawns and pebbly bvaehes, are the homo ru(,'el Sinniil, tlie lorest-vO\ered loot hills, ,iiid then the (i| a ihoiie i-ollei'tion i;ia, dialed with innunierable is- lands. Siuh eontinu- ousseenii' splen' dor ean be\ iew- ed at ni> iMher place in the Pacific North- west; every var- iety of scenery is familiar to \'iclori.in . -the calm and pleas- ing; pastoral to the stern, im- posing and ma- jestic. IITV II.VI.l.. tions are hein|{ made, and the "/«Hi" now C»>M- tains a hundred or more valuable .ittractions. The sides I'f Heacon llill proper af- lorda recreation >;rouiid ft'r the city, unsurpass- ed for cricket, baseball, la- t rosse and kin- ilied sports, vv hicharein pnv- ^jress almost cverv dav . nine months \\\ the year. The hill slopes to the beach, the slu re line beiii^; brrk- en by a series of ch.'irmint; little b.iy s. Kv ery Sunday after- 'i>Hm music it. The fAKKs .\M» iiKiVKs. (torjfe, formed bv llie outjjoinjj and incoming; tides, nn One of the first and most natural exclamations o| \"ictoria .\riii, which runs inland from the sea fir four visitors, is, "Why, how many h.iiuKome homes there are or live miles, is .imnher allracluc p.irk, well liked bv here!" .\nd so there are. Probably no avenue in I'anada Victorians. There it is that the rejfatta- lake place each possesses mi>re ct>stly and ma^jnihcent. yet home-like 24111 of .Vlav , for N'ictoria is an eminently loyal city . and mansions than does Belcher street; and besides Helcher its celebrations of the Queen's Hirthday are famous far and street, there are iIk liorjje road, I'pper h'orl street, Kscjui- wide. Meauliful drives extend Irom the city in all direc- malt road, and half a dozen others of similar attractiveness. dions to (iold'>lream, to various points on the sea coast, Hach residence i^. set like a jewel in its own well appointed and to l'Xi|uimall, three miles awav, and also connected by and Well cared for (,'rounils, and the taste of the owners is electric railway. Here is the most perfect liarbcr on the apparent in the beauty of their .surroundinj^s, as well .'is in coast, in vvlrch the stern warships of Mritain are constantly ? ^ td vtrroKiA nti'sThwrhn i III Itt ho It'iiiul. IKtc tt, iiri- Ihf iia\iil >artl unil ilr) ilink, Ihc laitcr hiiill of htiKc hlockH of i-iil Hione, nnd ciipahlc df .u'lrmiiuidaliii^ lite lar^t-ol <ak lla> is aiiiMluT pi'piilar siMsidc siihiirh CKiiiuvti-il hy ihc bus) civil rii' ruatl. 'I'hi* i» iapiUI> ho- I'liiniii^ iIk' MininuT hir f\or) I'lirm III' ok-asiili' i-itjuMiK-nl, aiul hiin^iii^ it iiito iniislanlK Kruwiiu; la^ur. UATKR WOHK*. The I'ily pnHM-sM-s ^in i-xlonsivi- systomiif xvalor works, Mhiv'li is >i|vralckl hy llu' inriMiralicn, aiul wliiili, uilli llu- U'l'll equipped and ui-ll diM-ipliiu-d lire dciiiirliiK'iil, rcdtucs I'tinli'iiiplalfd till ihv I'limpli'lioii nl iho scwcis, ,iiul miiIi ihio diMH', liltlf will K* ri*i|iiiri'd In inakv llu- piiblii uorkfi i>f llu- lily pcrfcci. K' ttHU IK wiu *\s. Ill this parlii'ular \'ii-ltirin in ^rvally ('avnri-d, ami llio finiiidi-rs iif llu- sysli-in havi- shuiMi a tiiiu.rkahli- i-iu-r^i, wliitli wiMiltl li.iii- - la^'^iTMl iiU'ii i>l li'ss ti>Maiil\. Id IIkii. I>. W. Iliuniiis. llu- priipoiiiuliT .is Mi-jj as tlu' pro- Hvnf pri'siili-iit, .III iiiiiiu-iiM' aiiUMiiil nl iri-tlil is diu-. As I'd. ly a* llu- i-Mid i»l" l-\-brnary, iH«|(>, llu- (irsi car wan run i>M llu- line, which ihcii ct-nsisU-d i>l Tuc miles nl Irack, liuir cars, a i liwhiirsc p«iwcr cii);iiu', .iiul an Hi>-luirsc power rhompson K Houston jfi-iu-ratur. Since llu-ii there THE LAW lOlKTS. the fire risk to almost nothing. The water supply is draw n from a successiiin ot sprin(;-ted lakes, and passing over the filter beds, is distributed by steel mains, its purity K-iii>; assured. Improx emeiits tii the sy.tem are constantly beiiij; made and its efficiency mai>ilained. The receipts from the water wurks form one of the principal items in the civic revenue. Sewerajje works of j; real magnitude, which will cost between $i,ixx>,(i(ii> and Si.jcxi.ckxi, and which will ensure the perfect drainage of thecitv, are now in projjress, the contr.ictors beiii),' bound to complete their work within a year. The sewering; is to be upon the separate system, recommended by llu- eminent enj;ineer, Kudolf llerinj;. of New York, the sewa^^e t»f the city bein^; carrieil far out to sea by the tide. The pavin^,' of the principal streets is have been added a is<>-l'*"'"«e pi>wer en>,'iiie, twn H«>-horso power jjeiieralors, and the cars now number ii, some of which are open cars; the Irack is now ii'.. miles in len^^th, to which two more miles are now K-inj; added, and will be supplemented by ei^ht more nent spring;, t' tracks now bein^; i>n llu- way from London. There ., >". ihen lie twenty cars in operation. This ri^ad, to the i reiiil of the proprietors, was the third in operation wckI oI Hii Mississippi, and the second in Canada; and the ifiMt remarkable part of the mailer is that the roa-l has Ke'i so conser\atively manaf;eil that the total cost will not exceed $jNo,cKKi. The present lines in opi-ration extend lo l'!si|iiimalt, O.ik Hay, the Driving; Park, l^uler Wharf and the I'ountain ; .iiul will soon be exteiideil lo He. icon Hill < i«HIK I tj ; 7( TORIA I I.I. I 'STJi. I TUD. I'ark aiul SpiiDi; Kiil(,'i.', a \or\ populous pari nf tlio outer fit\. I'lic i.i>iiipaii\ 'iiniiNlK's inanv clcclrii; lii^lits. ami is at proonl supplyiii};: -..S"<> mcaiKlooont lij^lils ; llu'so will MHMi bo ifK'rcaM'il to 7, iiK'aiuioi'CiU aiul a \:\r\ic luiinbor of arc li^^hls, hy tlu- aJilitiiMi %.'<( a 55"-'""'^>.' power oiif^iiK'.w liiili i> ii.nv iii route Irom tialt. Tlu' lonipaiiy is now putliiij,' up a larj^o aililitioii to lliv prcM-nt power- liouso. In aiMilion to Mr. ITm^jins, llio prosiilotil, T. j. JofU's ait> as X ii.\'-|.vsiilv.'nt, aiul Major C'. T. HupoMl as sccrolary anil troasiirer. SIKAMIIOATS. Hy steamboats iif iseeplional ele^jance anj speeil, the eit\ has ilailx lonneetioii with llv.' I'anaJran l';:eitii' l\ailwa\ either by a railway ferry, to transfer ears aeross the Straits, whieh narrow to nine miles in width at one point, i>r by a briil(,'e over Seymour Narrows, or, in other words, by rail and ferry • to the south j-nd all rail to the north, to eonneet with the transeontinental lines. Mean- while the maf,'nitiient steamer ser\ iee in lonnei lion with the Canadian I'aeilie, Ni'rihern I'aeilie and Tnioii I'aiilie Railways practically makes X'ictoria the terminus of these lines, ami places her upon the some loolinj^ and \xith the same transcontinental lreii,'lil and passenj^er rales as are enjoyed hy the cities havinjj rails laid to their doors. The I'lsijuimalt ^: \.'inainu< Railway will be ciMitinueil within I he next few \ears to C'omox ami the Northern enil of the .l"* r \IIW ON l.O\ IK.NMI.M slKl-.Kr, I.OOKlNl. NOKIH. \Vkoto h|f .W< .l/i>nasl ; and the islands of the Ciulf ol (iecr{,'ia. U.MI KOADs. Only K\\\^- railway al present eiit-.Ts the city, the Hsquinialt and S'anainio roail, connecting X'icti'ria with Nanaimo and \\ellin>,'Ion, the chief centres oi the coal muiinj.' district. .\ number ol pnijecls are, howexer. receisinj; atle:ilion, havin;,' tor their object connection with the transcontinental s\sienis to the north ami souih. Island, and will open up ;i lar(.;e area of aj^ricultural, timber ami mineral lands. 1I.1.MATI:. The climate compares xery laxcrably xxilh that o\ I'alifornia. It is temperate at .ill se.isons, ilu- summ r heat beinj; softened by the bree/es from mounlain or sva. It is nexer oppressixe, and the lu'tlesl daxs ol the xear are iiuariably follox^ed by ci>ol and deli|,'l;tful evenin(;s. 'Ihe Winter's rains, for snow is almost unknoun, xxhen properix provided l*ir, are neither unheallhx nor unpleasant; ami the loii^;ex it\ >.A \ictorians testifies to the health-preserx m^ tjiialities ol the climate. To those xxho di' 'i«)l umlerstand the c.iuse of the milil winters in this section, it mav be i I — V «4 / ■/( n Mv. / //./. / '.s 7A'. I Ti:i}. I IV- > ■ I said that Ilio japan t'lirroiil ha** a similar clToi-1 Iuto to that ol iIk- liulf Stream upon ICni^laml ; llio ixiiuls Jiirin); tlio winter arc warm and heavily laden with moisture, whicli, on the v'ther side iif the Straits, are met hv the cold peaks <.ii the Olympic range ; the nuMstiire condensed is distrilnited in rather heavy rainfalls over the Pujjet Sound country; but there heiii),' no such mountains to the west of N'ictona, the rainfall is much less than at Seattle or Taco na. The liilUn\ini; metei'roloijical statistics of \'ictoria (for the past ten years) were lurnished Xc the iSritish I'olumbia Hoard of Trade by Mr. I-Almund Haynes Reed, wlui ciimpiled them mainly from the rcci^rds of Mr. \V. T. I.ixock, i>f the Hudson's Uay fompany. They include as follows : 1. Summary of Weather. i8o. TABLE III. MSXIMl M MOMIII.V \M) ANMM. r C MI'KKA I fNl:, \ U fOKI \. II, C. Ten Vcani - iWi i,* i%9a. iMi •Ih •at) >H4 •■s .M7 ■Ml i*>. "J V 9 tf "0 .. » ,. „ . l.-iniiAO . rVhriuir* . 4H... 4»o 5 1.0 .*... .M-» 51." •';•" .M" JJ.O 47" S'-4 a." »^u VV" St." .<«•" ,«*•" 4lt.o JJ.O .«•" «»" .W.N March ««.,• ,M" biM . .»»••• ,»... iM.ii .M" (■..9 \pril M..V 7..... 71." Mko 7J... J.f." «•" l,,..i frft.t. j<... '■7 4 «.... •Aa 77.0 7.^■" 7 V" 74... Hi>" 77" 7.>" 71." 7* ' Jiin*' Julv 7«'- Bw» 7I..I 7 J... ix: 77" Hh... vc li'." 74... s::.^. 76.0 H .0 76., 7<-' X," 77." H,.., 7K." \"lfi« 71... »,.. 7*.n Hh... TO... 7,(... k... Ni." 77" 7V' •.*\ St-pU-mtiiT fat... 7,... 7H... h,.., 71... f^i.n 7H.,, 7'»." 7.V" 7J.1 71'> lV-|..Ur . (»a.fi 6<.<> ft)... hj.o 67... <>«■" I>4.> in^" (.7.,. W f*|.o \,.\,mhi'r .*ko »»" ,«... ^.>. .«■" .17" (U.,1 M" ,,»." .«•' .1^4 i)(>«-m)ti-r i*" .«•" jH... .M-'> 17... .«■" 51... J*" Ai'** .«■' .«J \'i.-.iil> Muaitk . . . J 66, \NNt VI I l-.MI'l-.K ATfKI- . VIC lOKI \, B. C. Till Vi'.m iNN Hi>.. iWi iHHi |HH( tWi4 iWs iWli 1KH7 iMW iWfct iS^> |.inii.ir> M.ir.h . . Xnril Mm» Uric J""> S»-pt>-titU-r l>t>.mU-r .. ^\\trU M*4ins H.O to.« '.«•<> 14.0 •a.o r Vx" H... J4.i> tf.O 1T.4 <".•■ iiV" IJ." lo.n #7." Ikl. ...... J5..1 IJ..1 '7-« •7." JJ.u .»■•" *fct. p." jft... J4... JOL«. .!•.•■. «►.. ^.... 11." Il.o ►.." «••• .».■" (J." «»" .1'.. li... J4.1. »-«• |i." li." .fk" Hk.. ♦v.. .Ih." .».-" «... 17'. lH.. i!*" 4"" 41." 4...0 17" 41." 4<.... .!•>■" 4.k" 17" I".." !".•» 4.kt. !»." 4..... 41-" 4.I-" 41" .lit... .17" 4..... 41." 4"-4 .17" .ns 4...1. 4,l-" 44." ,»■" iH... 41" 41J. 47- ■> 4i.q Jh... 11.0 .«■" .1.1-" 4J.O .W" I..... VI.. .11... 4..... 14.6 J«.a 4J... .I'-" |n.<. \V" .It." (I... 11." II.... ivi .l'-4 jILu 14 jj ja,. •i" .M" Aa 4J.I. •.V". .•■"' i>" »7* «4.u J4.0 JJ.O M-" 4IU> *»■" Au AIM JiO 4.1-S •9.1 ^7.6 *^j «<».i VV7 .^'l *"•" >** .W 7 .('7 J'*^ I TABLE I. \M:\rm;k si \im\k\ \ok \Kp,. n.iriHni.-UT jS ftvl aK'Vf va k**vl . n<\ ii-Jih'<-\t l«< {j . 'l'litTm>Hm-1fr 4 fiv! .iU« and Kail) liati|;t- t ttkH aKt\c KriHinJ. It Mmn Tcm|i. {4 4 it 9 4' J *6 .1 M-5 S«» 3 3*4 5*" M7 47* 4S 4 4.17 Ma\.Trmp. 47 ti 440 J4 " ?•» '» 7' » 74 " 7*** 7.1 ' T* ' .V* <• M * .«• ' Mfii. Ti-'tip. 14 41 i,r.u j ;M o Mr.iit i> \ Ki;t.-. i(> i i<), I , iu (t iM K ii< .f Kaintall. iiKhi-s ).S4 ' 3J ■ .V> ■> H(t l>.i\s kain 1-VII i;^ q Sn twfall.ifit'tiH. o 44 . l>.i>^StiitH F»-tt 7 i I". • ' ■ > 47 •< 4.. ., V. S II «i 1' iK . V .| •7 ' •7 N I.r b 1 I 4 1 . .. •M M. M \KI> KANliKOH TKMI'KK \ I I KK. \ U U>KI \ M I. I .-11 \ .'..r* iWi l,» il*p.. J.l,i.i.ir^ M..nh \pri1 . M.I. i.llH- .\tiKll«l S..|.trilihrr iVl.rfrr N....-|»ll»T I ».-\ ...hUt N..irl, M.Mn. I' \lTi-fn.- knnfr.' •Wi iMij I 1MH3 ' iMtf 1MI5 iMM. iN J4«> 41 n *►" iS" t> .. ,». .' |b... 4u<. 11" .|h" 4.1 u W .' f" 41 .. ll" 4". |H" 17" W" 45" 40 5 II-" .1' . *.>» 74.0 (.J o 7N,u 11.U w<- 4..... I»" ll" 4..." W" .|h.' an. .«•' I". iH. 17' 4«' 4<" 4.5. W" »►" »•■ 4« 1. 41.. 47 1 15" >. .. ». .. J"" 44.. 4II.. »:: II " 41... |H... 41 .. .!«•■ I".. U..> iWil itfcipi jM... 15 ■> 1» .. ,17." 14 u i5 .. 14... 4«." 4'.' II" 41" 1»" !«.. IT... ,«■.. *.. W .» J' 1 11 " '4 • iM .) ji a '4 » ' I 1 .M" «•.« ,..6 4.. ft 17 5 n.i lift JNN J. .ft U<» i5«. J"' 17" 14 7 »••• 15 4 bt.u 7.KU H$.4 77.0 ftl o ftbo 419 7 Ml \\. HON I III N I TABLE II. \MI \N.M\I. n.Mfl l.n V.'iin. iMKi 1.. i KAI I NI. \ ll I OKI \. II I K| .KK| in)>< iWI, 1NH7 iWH lanuArr . . . , 35.0 rVI>ruar> . 4i..t> .M^rx-h . 45... Aonl 48.0 •••r .*••<■ lime 5ft.u J»l> 57" .XiJK.l^l 56.0 S.'pl.'inh.T . 5j[.. l\l.*.r 4* J Nn.fmUT .ji._l I )tx-«nnhw . ........ ^5 Vearly Maina 47.4 f^" .1ft-" VI... 174 M* 41 " li.a 1ft... .Ml I"- 4 44-' 4.7 '►S 41. ft 4'" 44 .• 41.7 V..1 ,.» 4« ' 41 7 15... '.•.-l 50." 47-4 4lt... v.. 4I' 1 h\" SI 7 SI-.' 51<> i'* 51 .l .54- 1 .St.. W. ;«•'. M < fti..n .57" ft". 5 55 ' 57.7 r. 57" 1I...I .5H.» VH, 57 ' <...., if; .*>" 5J 5 .55-7 \il .54-' 57- 1 4«." 47-" .*■ 1 47" 5'i 41. < 44 .1 45-.1 4h.. 4.1- ' ^.M 4'.7 4«.o 41.0 .11" 4a.ll 41.4 4'" 4'.« HI.* 41... 4H.J v.- 5 1...7 5lt.h J4" 51.K 45." ,17- 1 U.4 .^1 ll ANM Al. K MNKAI.I. VK TOKI \ II I, 1.) I.hl..%. T. n \ .-.IIH iNH. I,, ilkpi. litnuitrv I fl4 V.4W.I..1 \ . H K4 Mar.l. 1 57 Ajwl . #7.. M... I I 4» Jiinr 1 1.J7 J.il> «..»■ .A.iKtivt .t ,1.2« S«-plfinhrT ..,, :on# i\-t..h.-r 4.11 N.t\rn.hrr $ J5 I Kf.'.nh.-r 6.i_; < J* 1-55 4 "' 1 «4 .. 51 "4J 1 »4 ...W "« 4-.»' .V.M J-.17 im, ,H»4 ••♦5 ilM. %f^ 5 '5 ♦ M i"> 1 aft J . 1 l»4 «-'7 1.0. ".!» ...11 ••H a ..a l.rfl '•■51 ■*T "71 "71 i.*. .' 45 "5.1 .i.ift ' .. .■> ft.i>i 4-M "J* 4m i.tal • 0.5 4'»> J7i .1.47 •■47 "Hi. "71 ■ ."1 4. I" 1 m 7.1ft i.*' i..7ft ( 1 u ..48 017 ••75 Jl»> 5...a • 77 I 51 . ' * I .. iq ' ' '1 i " 14 I ...41 ; 1.15 !'«> 1 -r. 4M 4» 1 ; 4f.«" .•>■ 47ft 411.4 iJt.w»7.»« 17.*5 i| 4'1 if.u a6i4>jiojaj.77 il jk ti, ^ i« 4 i.»4 I w ;?; 1 "i "77 1 .M ;,« i.jft i.iN 1 *• ;u 4.7« I4K » "T ' 411 „»7 'a "» • Ji 1.^ .l.4> 4-'U ^^r- ,-^ ■ p z •^ ? ft ^ Si si ft Ml |6 ; vr /•( )h'i. I II. I. ( s TK. \ Thin. TABLE VII. K MM- M.I.. \ U lOKI \. 11. I'. Klhi I'VII I'lll V..ir-. .HNi l,> iMiM. Niinilvi .•! D.lt^ Kiui I'.ll i iKKi iNKj iHX.i i,SS< il«<,« iMW. 1KX7 iHntMrv i« 'obnMry 18 Varrh 17 April 14 Miir II .Innr 8 jiiK «. Ximii-i . « S<.pti-iiih».r h iVl.-lHr 1 1 N'iMriiitxT III iK-^CItllXT 2\ lb <% I HI 4 J • 1 H < \ !<■ JO (1 u> t> t) 8 ll K ^ S H 1 .1 •t iK fi •4 ') M iHW I ifHi^ i8t|i» u U i.t ' 1 1 7 n lit 1 (4 Ht 1 1 H It ii> 4 (1 6 H 5 f.t 7 S 4 4 A (1 4 4 7 M 8 '» 1 1(1 4« 1 t (I * 7 i a.? 1 1 III) 11.4 ItJ The wcalllcroii tlii.' Maiiilaiul dI' Itrilish l'i>liiiiibia is .subject to jjrcator extremes nf heal aiiil culil ; the i-.tirilall extends lhri>ii^'h the \ear, while il iea.es in the slimmer at \'ieti>ria, ami on llie .Maiiilaiiil is nnieh lieaviei thnnigh the winter than at \ ieloria. I i>MMi:i aiul \'.iiicou\er, ujileh are ollieial statistics ol' the Custom lliuise and Hoard ol' Trade. i Imports into tho Province of British Columbia for the Fiscal 'Vear endinK Juno ,30th, 1891. KslRKFI' I'lK IliHlt. (ii.NsI MMION. T"i| \l Imihikts. j Miii.ir ^ S 1: , ii«.s.Ki,.i '■''"''• '-^af Ihilialile! Kree Ix.if Duly ,.,. Itmiiiu- 5?1 ! """»'*'«! Uw^Is. T-.l-aico. tHH»k GoikK TiiIwo-.,. Kccciv.-il. *-'""^*"'- p'S I ■■""T .IK i $$.$$$$ $ $ $ $ $ \'ci"'ia I 2901679 6ioiii5 22970 j;iij.'i5 ii-'nj.t^ j^s? ((.'Sor.S 114 f\y;>} ^l-'n "1 JJ^" 4t •>'*7<'7-' '7 Nfvi \Vi-!.iiiiin>lLT i j2tjS9o^ 1677c* ji7"4-( ii'77o>S 975(1X5(1 ijj 50S 11 421) 7X 'J.SOJ9 .(S ^■•'">»'""' a2S429: 59475 228429: 59475 5S74; 10 151 l^o -tS !i47 4& 6295631 WiiHoiivrr ■>S.t4l9 2u39i8 95}4>9' 203918 | 261064 82 68K110 209020 .. 3tl9SS U'2 Total ! 44044171 1051496 2»97o i 4a6l207j 1051496 23487 134605942 107472 ,»i6oa Sli 7088 7J 1481222 95 Exports from the Province of British Columbia for tho Fiscal Year ondinB 30th Juno, IbOl, The Mine. The $ $ I 'on (,f Victoria 4r6j6l 1S72586 I'ort (if New Wosiiiiinsle ■ 459 ?7'>6(9 Turl of Nnnninio 2501589 245 I'orl of V.incouvcr | 21920 22216 Total 2930229 2274686 .\nim.il < iiimU ■""^^ ,„l,l,.i, AKriiiiliutl Manufac Mi«-i:ll ,."","'"" , ,. , aivl Ihiir " I'r'Khicf iif liii.il. I'ori-si. I'l mluce. I'loiluci.s. lure*. aneous. llrili«h Cohimhia. $ $ $ $ $ . ! $ 277908 -'I5 12522 14494 '">53'>7 277".<73 10155 '5 3413 50S5 M'J 24 '4 401520 3^95 1 93" 25U*59 381746 16723 1308 ISI82J 3670 569406 394!)')'> .'i),t^i4<. 5016 1304)0 •JK434 11)7721 6257 15.S The comp.-irative increase in Ivxporls is rather inleresi- at i>r ileparted from this I'orl dnrinj; the fiscal year eiiilinj/ ing, as lollows: June .v>lh, iS<)i ; 1880- Total K»|Kjrls uf liritisli (' luinliia. . . 1885- " •• •• " .... 1S91- " •• " ••.,.. Ml lOKI \ s sIllll'INl, $2,584.0)! VKSSLI.S VKNIMll 3. •72.391 N.. '"<"'^" ^.^,, 6,257,158 SirvMKKs: \'^U. l',..„i.iK<. v." Sirtw 1067 494361 10773 I'aiMli- 212 145372 4099 .Sii in Whri I 70 4/101 1380 Slatenieiil ol \'essi.ls, Itrilish anil l'"orei(.;n, einploved in the coasliii^; trade ot the Dominion ol t.'an.ida. arrixed '|.,t.ii Sunim rs 134,^ ()H<,}(j4 i(,252 \ I SSI is i>i;iv\K IKl) iiKi nsH. N.i Crvw \ ,**M'U. '^l)nlll4K,^ Nil. 1059 49:1245 lojjj 213 2>50iM 4106 '"J 45837 1360 1.(41 6.SII73 I580J .r. It- ? I.S VKSSKI.S AKKIVKO. IIKiriSM. .SAII.IM; \ Ks-Els; Vi-.^U. r,.im.iK.-. N.i r/croA'/.i //./.cs/a:! /■/■:/). VKSSKI.S IIKI'ARTKIV IIKITISII. N... Wiim'K Tt'iiiKiK*'- Ships Sch(K>ncr». S|.K.|., lil;il Ij8j 97') 4>*l ! .!5 l6.|iarlol, British 1377 tK|Hl47 I')?.!" ikS4S45 K.I 55 (rran)l t0l.1t, nrriMvl .in8S .\tiiuial Ui'tiirii, slK-wiiif; llii- vk s, riptii'ii, mimhcr ami tonnajje of vessels built and ri'^fistcrvil .11 tins Port iliiiiii^; the fiscal year ending .V''' Inni'. I'^^i' : CLASS 0|- \ KSSKI . Stewikks : Stern Wheel. Tulal Steamers 7 Sailim: VissEt.s : Schners 4 Total Sailing Vessels ('■rami T.ital .. Statement of \'e>sels, Hrilisit, C'.iiiadian and Foreif^n, entered outwards (for sea) at this l\irt during the vear endiii).; .^i>th June, iS«)i : iiiii.r. KKI.ISTKKKIV N... T.tnniiiCf. N,.. T.'nuatff. (1 .'4'> 45 4 6J6.70 ' li'Mir) .»7'-.41 4 7 626. 70 4 IS. ,0 ') vc* 5'' 4 180.69 9 599- S** 11 !;57 1^ "i 1 3!(>. 2<> WITH 1. \Kl.Oi:s Cot NTKIK.S ro WHUtl CLIC.\IIKI>. No. . Kki-u.iii. T,.... !..,>s 1 ..lis Cr.» K.i,.sl.r. W'fiKhl .Mi-as m 1 N... 2|.)5 31x0 12 S'l 73 '7 ISX4 93'> 256 '»,il2 4SX4 948 3"6 "-•5 114 57 1475 »"44 20 359937 7551 9695 $70 57" I9.H4 .J'>"4I2 10364 IN liM.I \sr ItKt lisfi : I'nittril Male* . . . 6 c6"ji China 1 lAlii To Sfa Fisheries • 4 273 Toial I r Ca.nadias : I'nitctl Slale«i 40 To Sea Fiiherles 53 Total 93 KoRP.li;.N : United .Siatej 514 Sandwich tslaniU 1 japan 1 To Sea Kisherie* ... | «344 6j<(8 3'l»l IC479 4-!3775 5H0 50 46 Total 517 4'14S> i6i sirKihs ro Hiiii II Clmahioi. HFI At I I I I \l lilN. \M I II I \Hl,0. S... ..I \'fmM-U. Ilrilish 12 Uanattinn 5 Foreign 380 Total . Ilrilish .. Canadian. Foreign . . Total 1 .1.111 1 Total .V»7 1 1 "3 517 621 lulK T..... K.'KiMiT. 9512 625 361412 371549 IN IIAI l.ASI \i44 l"»79 4-'445' ^1 \s in \ »»^ 1...,. W.ii;lil 4X1*4 • 14 •/<•)$ KKfit.iir. r»»n» M.'.isinl. 94S 570 1518 443^74 .S14S23 I4'"'3 ISlK Cn'W S... 57 i93'>4 19727 341 U"5 26219 27805 47592 Statement of \'e>sels. It' .tisli, Canadian and l'"orei^n, entered inwards (from sea) at thi> Port iluriiij; the year ending ^otli June. |S<|| : \M I II I VH(.l>KS Wiir^iK .\HHI\KI*. ^I *S IlKlllsll ; N... .* I'Mriiiiir. T..IIS Crrw IS MM t \sr. Nit of T.»o» Crew «'ls. Kf-Kisli-r I'r.'iKlK M.M Mil. N... \'.-s*«-t«. Ke|;i»li*r. N.. I'niteil Kini;'iii. 9 I'nitctl Maus.. 2 lliina 3 Tot. I 14 <'aNA|i|AN : I'niteil Stati-> 2 Cochin Chiiu.. I Froiv.S. Fisher's 39 7;2.» 2204 4<>9'"' MS'ii loS 2720 3S6<. r5-i 2224 337 'J X31 174 SfHfl 24I1. S5 I22i. "3" 131 17' 52 "57 -•4 24 SSii IT") 35 5"3<' T..1.1I 42 [•i.Kt;i.;\ : United Kii.gi... t 5.V. 9JO United Stales 0X5 5044SS 2010 1 Cl.i.ia 2 73>4 42 Chili I g')5 85 FroniS lisher's 6 335 2i> 1405 131 (K)J 35 35.** 35S 34972 22K 2l73fi7 li*7S 23.) I 61 '5 6$ Total 695 573722 27207 35296 229217428 10HX4 tirand Tot..!. 751 V'-'''' 373"2 2^1 {'.270 205 1242O3 11202 l,ti \fini \nii\. Willi I NKlil'KS. Jtrilisl. ... 14 14V1I >i'.'» 2.. 1)1 ox. 35 51.36 358 35296 329 217428 I08H4 Total 751 592179 )73o2 2541 36276 265 224263 11262 Gtanil Total. 1016 816442 37302 2541 47558 SlalemenI exhihilinn the number of vessels, with their tonnage and erews, whieh arrived .it and ileparled from this Port (seaward) during' the (iseal year endiii),' lolh June, iS<)i, distini;uishiti^,' the eounlries li> whieh Ihev belong-, not ineUuliiig vessels Iradiii); between PorK with- in the |)oniinion. AHKIVKII. DRPARTFI). I'siirH wi.Ai Fi \u. N... T.m*. I'rr* .N.i. N.,. Tihik. Cr/w No. Hritish 92 2S292 I )S.S 121 2Sc;6o 2009 I'niteil State* 920 7Sli Sailini; Vv>m-I«. 51 9741 7UI 6b 9jKN iftt^ Tiri.il llriii-h 9J lMi)i Its'* '•" iK5 4ix«)4 KS5 7Sj4(>J 454'''' Kuccicn Sailini; VosrU n 4^15 176 li I401 91 Total forcii-n 9*4 79II5" 46180 897 78586J 45^**.} Tulallliili>h\ Kiirrlcn. lolb Si(i44] 475J>S lui8 9(14823 475<|2 TEl.Kk'.K.M'IIK' SKKVk'K. At proM-nt the I'lmadian I'iu-ific is the otjly service with the MainliinJ, but it is expcited that next year the Western I'nioii will undi'iibteilly run their wires intu N'icloria. lU II.DINt;. In tliis respect, N'ictoria is increasing; with ^jreat rapidity. Last year, the expeiulilure on new buililinj^s aK>ne, was a n\illitt the building's erected vull be far in excess increiisin); htune demand, she stands in a cenlr.il pi jjrowiti),' Viarl) in extent and importance. .\l the head of the list stand the .\lbion lri>n Works, which are capable of casting; a stove or building' a steamship, and possessiii); facilities superior to even the I'nion Wi'rks San Krancisco. i''ollowinj; these are the \'icti>ria Roller Klour and Kice Mills, Ifrackman Jt Ker's larj;e mills, just built, British I'olumbia \" Victoria Si>ot and shoe ;iiul powder manufactories, brush works, st.iu building works, s,i\^ .mj pl.inin^ mills, ami s.ish and door factories In ^reat numbers, N'.mciiuver Iron Works, X !• UIK M W VI^TOHI.^ PfRI.IC MARKET. |./mw- 7Vi|(/h/. .tfrhltni.] ol last yeiir. Some of the public, as also, the priv ate build- in>;s of X'ictoria, are imp.'sin^ and worthy o\ the city. .AmiMij; th.'se may be menlioiud the Provincial (iovern- ment Olhces, I'arli.iment MuildM)j;s .md Public .Museum, the I'rovincial Jail and Reformatory, the Law C'luirls, City Hall, Jubilee Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital, St. .Anne's C'onvent, and many othe.s. The number iif churches has within the last year or so been increased by the erection of several, whose superiors in tasteful archi- tecture cannot be found on the Coast. Prominent amon^ these are St. .Xndrew's R. C". Cathedral, the Pandora Street Methi>dist and St. .Andrew's I'resbyterlan Church. The city schools, too, are substantial and well arranged build- ing; ;, in which every detail of a liberal educatit>n is care- fully looked after. .MAMKACTI KI.VC. .Many conditions have combined to make X'ictoria the manufacturinj; center of Hrlllsh Columbia. In addition to her enormous financial prestige, her admirable silualion ,ind shippinj; facilities, 4>utside oi her laryc and constantly harness and trunk facti>ry C(rks, shirt ar.d clothiiif; manufacti>ries, pottery and terra cotta works, brick vards, l.it^c bakeries, a lai^;e litho^raphlri); housi-, prinlint; eslablishments, in addition to box, tin can, wlie works atid match manu- factories anil a host of others loo numerous to mention. Many of these Industries will receive full description later in these paj;es so that it is now only necessary to touch upon them. This list will serve to illustrate that the m.'inufacturiti^ importance of N'ictori.i is );realer ti>-dav th.m that i>f any city of the Northwest ; and these industrle- have sprung into existence from a purely commercial stand- point because they would pay and thrive from the then existing demand. .\nd, notw ithstandlii); the lav ish outlavs in this direction, the (ield Is constantly Increasinj; ; the mar- kets of South America, .Australia, Japan, China. India and Siberian Russia are open to the manufactured products of N'icloria, which is nearer ti> them all (except tt> those of South .Xmerica ) than any cily 011 the Pacific Co.isi ; .md In return thiscitv can receive and does receive and manufacture C X m ' S I" ^-IW^ « !• * T s I i2 i/croh'fA tf.t.rsrnA run. ihoir raw priuliuMs for di>tributioii in an uppi'siii' Jiroi'tion. I( is horc also i)t' intorcst to iioto thai importers from the Orii'iil, iMi :K\'oiiiit of the cxistin(^ itMuhtions as ahoxo, timl \'ii'ti>ria the most feasible lieadi{iiarters at vvhiili to I'onlraet for importations to Kritish I'oliimhiii aiul to the I'liiteJ States, the latter trade for them beinj; even the lar^'er oi the two. OTIIKK KKHOl'RCBS. Foreiffn trade and manufacturing, however, can be no index t'f the larj;e amount ot business Iransaeted belvseen \'ii.tiiria's wlu>lesalers and the interiv>r towns t.^i the Islanil and Mainland, all \.>i whieh draw their supplies from the I'apital. The mining districts must import '.heir pro\ isioiis and niachiner) ; the salmon canneries of the |-"raser and the Northern Kixers must be kept in tin and iHher materials of the >iulustr\ ; the sealing tieet musj be lilleil out annuall) and ves- sels built here, and to meet these de- mands requires a liberal use of capi- l,il, which is return- ed, w illi inlere-"!, in the pri>ducls iif the mines and the can- neries, ,ind the c.itch of the sealing schooners bri'u^flit home in the Fall. V'ictoriaislhehead- i|uarters y-\i the --al- nion induslr\ , and from liere the out- put oi the I'rov ince is shipped annually to the markets oi the old wiirld, a fleet of sailing ves- sels bein(.f utilized in this trade alone. \'ictoria merchants are larj^ely interest- ed in the development i>f the j^old and siher mines of the interior, the coal and quicksilver claims on the Island and the important timber resources in all sections of the I'ro- \ince, ci>iilij.ruous to water. The iiperations in each direc- tion indicated naturally tend toadsaiice Victoria. The tifl> schooners comprisin^j the scaling fleet bcin^f owned, and annu.illy fitted out here, also play an important part in the business of the city. F"atminj; in the district surrounilin^f X'ictoria is advancing steadily, and in all branches of af;ri- culturc, including hop raising, fruit (.jrowinjr, sheep culture and dairying, a lar^fc and unsatisfied market invitts the attention of practical men. The demand is still far in excess of the supply. Deep sea fisheries may also be counted amonj;^ the industries which offer rich inducements to capital and labor here. These matters are more par- ticularly referred to in the cliaptcr followin^^ relating to the country tributary to V'ictori.i. fOsI OFFICR. .\ pretiv clear index of a city's i;row-ih in commercial importance may ^fenerallj be ^jathered fr»>m its post t'lFice returns ; we j;ive therefore the nrt>ss vearly income of the N'icloria post oflice from iHN) to iM<)i> : )V(ir. .tmritit I.SXci $ X,.|(il J{ iHNi o,$jX |,> iSHl lo,<|u5 44 i.SJf.l .. I \.lSi> "J IS-S4 X }'fitr AflOhltt |KM> "..LSI s'> 1NH7 INKS. iIWq. iNqo J5,.tl'> .»»> JK.|>4'» 50 (K.MK.VI. .\M> llll.M SI IIOOl.S. LAW tOIKTS. The Law (.'oiirts are also situated :il N'icti'ri.i, and are coiiduili'il in a similar m. inner to '.hoseol l-lnj;land. Thej lonsisi ^^>{ I'olice, I'lMints .ind .Nssi/e fourts, held als«i at staled intervals in other cities; Super- ior i'oiirls ,'ind a l"i'urt of .\ppeal in I'hancery. Sir Mat- thew Maillie Ke);- bie, who is I'hief Justice, is assisted by three Superior I luirt Juiljjes. 1ITV i.ovkknmi-:nt. The .M.iyor of N'ictoriais Mr. Jchn (irant, .M I'. I'., while Welliiifjt.'ii I' |)owler is I'Icrk i>f the .Municipal (.'ouncil. The cil\ i-^at present divided into three wards, each beinj; repre- sented b) three .Mdermen Thecity will next year be divided into five w arils, ti> be represented by ten aldermen. N'ates Street Ward is represented by Messrs. C. V.. Renouf, K. ti. Rich- ards, jr.. and W. I>. McKillican; Johnson Street Ward is represented h\ .Messrs. Johua Holland, John t"ou(j^hlan and John Kobertsiin ; and Jamc It.i) Ward is represented by .Messrs. Josiph lliinter, II. \. .Munn and .\. li. Sntith. In .iddilio!!, other ollices o| the C'ity (ioveinmvnt are represented as folKiws; I'has. Kent. Treasurer; (i I.. .Milne, M. I)., Ile.iltli Otiicer : Peter Suminerfield, Water t'onuiiissioner ; W. W. Nortlicott, Superintendeni of Pub- lic W'«>rks and t'ity .\ssessor; P. J. I.eech, City Knj;inecr; J. P. I.vnn. Street t'ommissioner ; !•!. Mohun. I', b!.. Sanitary lvn>;ineer; H. Hailey, Sanitary llflicer ; and others. The rjitc of taxation is very lijfht, beinjj about one per cent on ihe assessed valuation. The city's indebtedness is \ery small, the assets in water\vi>rks, municipal buiKlinj;s and real estate alone beinj,' more than dtiuble the amount. K»flii« 1 >4 yi( Ti>Ki. I //./. I 'sn\ / TFP Ttio I'li'i-trii- liKliiinj; iiio scrjjtfant and I'hiof Monry Shcppard, aiul noiwillistanilirij; till' siiialliu'ss nf iho fiTio it may hi- saiil tliat it is nicro than aiiiplo li< perriiriii IIk' ilulii's rt.'i|iiiri.'il. I hi- poriotil- ai;o I'f eritno is remarkably li'w as iiimpari'il with many of iHir Kastcrii eitics. I'MUVIXt l\l. tidVKHNMKNT. I'iuUt the I'aiiailian system the lOiinlry is pcissesseil iif the I'entral ( l^nniininn) (ii<\ernment, «ilh headijiiarters at Ottawa, and ad- minis! rations es- tablished at the capitals of each of lhepro\ inies. hlaeh i>l these is respon- sible Ihroiijjh a rej^nlar Parlia- mentary system to the people ihrmi^jh their duly seleel- ed representatives. 'I'hel'iirliameiit.ind lit>\ ernnient hiiild- iii^s ot Urilish Id- hinibia are pieliir- esquely situated in a\ ie, Altorney-Cieiieral ; lion. Forbes (i. V'ernon, I'hief Commissioner of Lands and \\'i>rks ; and Hon. I'. I!. I'oolcy, President of the I'ouni il. The House of .\ssenibl\ consists of ?? members, whose delib- eratiiins are presided over by their Speaker, Hon. I). \\. Hi^'j.;ins. The sessions of the Provincial Parliament are held once a year, ;iiid durin^f their continuance the debates are many i>f them characterized by consiilerahle animaiion and ability, the /*crvw;m7 of the House rellectinj^ credit on the constituencies which it represents. The Premier is the leader of the House, the movements of the Opposition bein); under the direclii>n ,>f Hon. Robert He.niii. Party lines can h.irdU be saiil to be drawn slraij^htly Liberal or Cimservative measures and men having; alike mind to do l-VNDOKV WhMF MKIHOOIsl i Ml ki II ill determining t'.ie ilislinclions. The sessitin ordinarily lasts from ten li< twelve wifks and as a rule is held e.irly in the year. t^^KDKH.M r\HI l.»MK\T. Ill the Parliament silliii); at l>tta\\,'i Vicloriji is representeil b\ Mr. Thomas |;.irle and I'ol. V.. ti. Prior, both i>f whom are larj;e wholes, ile merchants aiul niaiiu- faeturers of Ihc yiieen I'ity. They are both I ciiserv ali\ es in politics. IIHITISII toll VIIIIV llOVWn ot- IKMII. This institution was incorporateil l>ctober jKlh, 1H7K, not for the purposes of trade, but solely llmse of encoura^'e- menl to the industries of X'icloria and the Province and for the iliscusNiiiii of ,ill matters perlaininj; to their welfare. The Hoard of Trade has shown ^reat activity in the past two years ; there are ,'ilready over l_V' members en- riilled and this number is fast in- frea-.intj. Ilsmein- bei ship is coni- posiil of leadiii); merihanis, manu- facturers, bankers, pri>fessiiinal men and capitalists, and is becoming; more pow erfiil every year. It is almost unnecessary to say that such a collec- tit>n of pri'ininent men into a body cm att.iin ).;reat results, and if not a b 1 e to impress up. 11 oppressiv e r.r I road, steamship and other corpora- tions a necessilv of the observance cf pr. per trade inter- ests are able lii demon, trate, by ;i diversiif fresh fields of enterprise, outlets for produclii'ns and the inlluencin); i^i capital in various ilireclioiis. 'The Hoanl publishes a yearly report embodying many interesting; statistical tt^ures of the Province, some of which are embodied in this book. 'The olVuers for iSiji-^ are 'Tlu>nias H. Hall, President ; A. I'. I'limurfelt, \iie-Presidenl, and V . \-.\- worthy. Secretary. 'There is also a council o\ twelve .iiul an arbitration boanl of the same number. SI IIOOI s. The eilucational dcpartnieiil of Hrilish I olunibia, as a whole, is under the supervision ol Hon. lolin RobsiMi, ..*>,> <-. IK 11 "1 a6 ; ■[( -TORI. I //./. I 'STK. I TED. Minister of Kilucatioii ; S. Iv. I'opc, Ksq., I..I,.n., Supor- iiitonJont of ICcIucatiiMi, mikI O. Wilson, Ksq., U. A., Inspoctor of SlIu'oIs. It is, lunvc\er, necessary to stale that in the rura' districts coinnion schools are established and maintained hy the Prinincial (iovernment and are free to all except the costs of books of learninjjf. The schools .irj all in the hands oi trained, competent and certified teachers, the value oi their incuniheiicies bein^ settled according' to merit. In the larj4;er cities of the Province the res^nlations are somewhat dilTerenl ret;'ardin^ tuition ; these cities are oblij^^ed ti' furnish all necessary cost of school huildiiifj, expenses and cost of maintenance, and shall pay own half the teachers' salaries, the Ciovern- ment bearinj^ the other half. This policy is a new one and the hijjhest ^^railuates t.^{ ICiij^lish and Canadian colleges. The manaj^^emeiit of the city schools is \ested in seven trustees, three o{ whom are appointed by the (ioxernment aiul four by the City Council. Salaries of the teachers are fixed by the (iovernment. Summiii};; up, it may be briefly said that the object is to ^\\>i the children a thorouj^^h, pure and secular educaliiMi, and the Lord's Prayer may be used in openinf4 ;ind closiiif^;, while no distinction of creeds shall be tolerated. .\Mii;l..\ lOI.I.IH'.K. It is doubtful if there is anywhere o\\ the continent a \'oun}j l,;idies' Collej^e which embodies a more thorough education with moral, refined atmcisphere and surroundin^js than thai which bears the name as above, and its success rill-; sri;AMi:« " isi.anim;k " oi- nil- can.M'iw i'Aiihi navu.aiion i o. 1^ hi^'hly laudable from the fact that the rural ilisiricts, which are increasinif rapidl\ , are less able to bear such expense than are the population of the various cities, Victoria proper is splendidly pro\ ided with schools of the dilTerent f^rades. Ihe Ceiitr.il and llij^h schools, three in number, are located i)n a fine campus tif ten acres of beautiful ^jrounds; the buildings are separate, and are fur- nished with every device for ventilation, li^ht and health, 'i'hey comprise a llif^h schoiil for the advanced classes ol boys and j^irls and two j^raded schools of eifjhl divisions each, one for boys and the other for K'irls. There is also a (^raded school in \'ictoria West and four W.ird schools distributed around the city. The number of scholars at present is nearly 2,5(x) ami the teachers include si>me of is due III the efforts t>f it% founder ai.il pri>prietress. Miss C. v.. Dupont. 'I"he collejre is cirtuall\ under the auspices vif the Cluirch of lui^land, wlose cler^n visit the cii|lej;e three times,! week to ^;i^e i islruclii'ii on church history and church doctrine ; but it is not a church sclu'ol in the ordinary sensi' the departments of instruction ,ind manaf^enient are exclusively vested in .Miss Dupont. The colle^je is situated in the finest part of the city and is a beautilul siruclure, surro.iiuled by lovely >;ardens and (.(rounds. There are about fifty pupils ran^in^r iipw;ird f riMii Ihe age w'i six \ears, some iif whiim make their home at the ci'Het^e, others atlendin^' duriii),' the d.i\. There are lour terms yearly and the course of instruction is divided into two (.;rades of elementary, two i>f junior, two of inter- ^ :in cii|lo(,'es. L'll in M-\cn inncrnment lt.'ailK'r> are V ho hrii'lly llii>rnuf,'-|i, iviT may be "1 I'C creeds 'iitiiient a lliormij^h I i'njrRli:)>,'s it-' success '■■t.-^^'^' *^rt^' > Ml. AKKOWSMIIII. 1 KOM M^l \ss KIM.K. Al.lil KM lAlUlOKO IIAV NKAK Vll lOKIA MOl NT UAKEK IN lllli PUSTANCli 2S I •fCTORf. I //.A I \STR.\ TED. & 1 mtdiatc, and one of senior, while the course of st'iily enihiices all that is retiuisite for a thorovijjh I'ln^jlir.h etliieati'Mi, including French, lierman, Italian, Music (vocal ai.d instrumental) and Prawitij,'. The collef,'e is now coniplotinf^ the twelfth year of its existence. I'rontinjj on lieacon Hill I'ark with the Straits of Juan de Fuca and the snow-clad Olympics on the rijjht, and hacked hy the Unely panorama of the harli.ir frinj^ed >• '.h the clusterinfj ai.d wooded heij^hts beyond, is " C'lirri};, " the oldest private select boardinjj collejje in the I'rm irui-. Its past history, datinjj back as it does to the sixties, is one oi which \'ictorians are justly proud, but since the ad\enl of Principal Church and tlie selection of the present 75 pupils, haxinj;' cloak room, lavatory and necessary olVices attached. Principal I'hurch, to whose courajje, enerjjy and educational ability forrijj Colle>;e owes so much, belonj^-s to an ancient and honored Kn^rjish family, so many membeis of which ha\e since the time of James II. horuirably distinguished themselves ;is statesmen, soldiers and ecclesiastics. He was educateil f'Ttly at Kinjj's t'olK'ne, London, was then a student in Philosophy at the I'nivers.ty of lulinburj,', passed with ist class in the Theolo^ic.il examination of the I'niversity i>f Cam- bridf^e, and became in turn (iabbett Prizeman in Mental and Moral Philosophy, Thorpe Scholar and Bachelor and Master of .\rts of the I'niversity of Durham, l-'n^land. In 1SM5 he was appointed lleail .M.ister of the Middlesbrouj,'h (irammar School, in which important position he soon VIlTOKIA CM n. lovely location it seems destined to become tor both Hritish Columbians and .\mericans the most popular school north ol San Francisco. The new collejje buildin).;s were opened by His Honor, the Lieut. -(iovernor of Hritish Columbia, attended by the Premier, the Speaker of the Lef^^islalive .Assembly ind a most distinj^uished comp.tny, on May 5th last. The residential portion of the (.olle^^e (which alone is shown in our illustrations) has accommodation for 25 boarders, and faces on the park for a distance of over (k) feet ; the basement of brick is fitted up as a plavroom and above this there are a series of 20 rooms, including sittinjr and dii injf rooms, studies, bath rooms, bed rooms, etc. Behind, with a f'iinta(.;e of over Ko feet on Niaj^ara street, comes a dwarf lowi-r connecting; with the class rooms. These are built with special re|.,':ird to li),'ht, ven- tilation and the students' comfort and will acci'nimodate became one of the leading educalio-.,dists of the Ni>rth ot I'^n^hind. The cinirse of instructiiMi at l.\irri).j. while tliorou)4-h, is naturally founded on the lui^lish l'olle|;e motto that "Manners maketh man." The departments of l''nt;lish, Miulern Lan^juai^es, Science and .\rt are under the contriil of the Principal ; while those oi Malliematics and Classics are in charjje of Pri>fessor IL (ioward, N(.,\., L. L. H.. (Honoursm.in of the I'niversity of London, Fn^- land). The third resident .Master, Cuthbert Cartwrijjht, l'!si.|., iif Si. John's Collcf^e, is in charjje o\ the junior department, and the athletics and jjantes. Owin({ to its hi^h and healthy situation and the mild and gentle winter of Victoria, the collej4;e is becoming; a favorite one for lads of weak const it ul ion, who need spei iai lare. .As rej^ards physical exercise and the opinirtunity for the fi>rmation of pure and healthy habits Corri^r certainly stands unri\:Jled, • .*• > ifcai Vr ii ip ft "j" ''*y ' >ii»Mlihii iW a tit ii UM" ' HiLiMjarf>*a»«««MB'*(Kan£litHflU^MM 30 r/croAv.i [i.i.vsTK. 1 ted. .sitii;iti.>il as it is outsiilc the unlu'aithy and (to a youtli) morally daiifjcrous almospliorc of a town, fronting; on splLMiilid recreation f^roinuls of Jtxi acres, suited for foot- hall, lacrosse, cricket and every form of manly and ennoblinj^ sport, and with boatinj;^, luintinfj and fisliinj^ facilities close at hand. PlHl-li' mii.niM-.s. Anionji the recently erected public buildinjjs is the City Hall, which cost, including site, about $i(ki,o ; the readinj^r rooms are commodious and well lifjhted, and current literature is pnn ided in every shape. \ line public market, o\ which a cut will be seen in these pajjes. is another late valuable aikli- tion to the city ; the buildini; will be used as a central market for the city and is a \ ery ha ndsonie structure, beini,'- lij^hled b\ a dome in the middle anil ha\- injj an irni- cnade gallery ex- tendirif^ around !he inside of the build- in jj. iiospi rvi.s. Benev olence ami charity are bi>lh e\- emplitied in the hos- pitals of N'ictoria, of which there are three, whose func- tions, while practi- callv tile same, exteiu: I'KorOSlil) l.\N.\l).\ WKSTKKN IIOPKI.. each to its own noble tielils. I'he Prm inci.il Koyal Jubilee Hospital is the tinesi of British Columbia ; it is one t>f the (.(ifts from the citizens of N'ictoria in honor ^■\'i Her .Majesty's Jubilee year, and d.ates in conception from 18^(7. The hospital was tormalK opened on May J2nd, iS<)o, by H. K. II. the Duke of C'on- nauifht. The hospital is a ),'r;md structure, havinj^ cost in the neighborhood of $55,(xx5, exclusive of th.e extensive and well laid out gri'unds adjoining the Cadboro Bay Ro.id. There is a large >.••■"' - k->{ surgeons, physicians and iittend- ants, and the inter : fittings and furnishings ,ire such as to insure the grc-.t^-st possible comfort to patients. The hospital is srnsidised by the I'rovincial (iovernment, and is in charge of a board of directors elected by subscribers and the (io\ ernnient. St. Joseph's llospit.il, which ocupies hands ime griv.mds opposite St. .Ann's Convent, was built .some (ilteen sears ago by the Sisters of St. ,\nii, is a splendid institution, and although the order is of the Roman Catholic, the hospital makes no distinction of denomination, anil besides accom- modates as many poor people as it is capable of supporting. The Marme Hospital, which is situated on the extreme point of the peninsula opposite the city and adjoining the reservation, has been.m existence a gre.at many years, having until iHj^ occupied a wooden structure where the brick now stanils. This hospital is exclusively for the merchant marine, and is owned by the nominion (iovern- luenl ; it is supported bv colleclion oi proportionate ton- nage on all vessels entering port, .and these vessels have the privilege oi ipiarlering tlieir sick at the hospital, free of charge. The collections on lomiage was formerly con- fmed to deep sea vessels, but the sealing schooners now avail themselves \.y{ the beneficetit privileges as well, and contribute their share toward t he support of the insti- tution. The accom- modatii'ns are very ci'mmodious.and at all times far in ex- cess of the demand. Dr. Davie is the surgeon, while .Mr. (i. W. I'nwin is the slew aril in charge. The Nav al .Marine Hospital, which is used exclusively for the Koval Navy, is situated at K.squi- inalt. sr. .vnn's convent. This convent, \vhich is the most renowned of any in the great North- west, was founded bv the Sisii-rs ol St. .Ann, a Kom.in C'.itholic t^riler, similar to "I.es Dames ilu Sacre I'oeur," and like llie latter, being a totally indepeiulent oriler, o'vning their properly, making their own rules and havii),' their own l.adv Superior. The oriler was first iouiuled in Canada, near .Montreal, but now extends to British Columbia and to many parts of the I'nited States. 'I'he granil purposes in view ;'re : tst. Teaching ; 2nd, Taking cliarge of orphans; ^rd, Visiting the sick ; 4th, Taking charge of the poor ; anil -^th. Hospital work. In their educational department they lake pupils without regard to sect. The history of the institution is exceed- ingly interesting. The advent of the Sisters in X'ictoria was in the year 1S5H, and their first building was a little log cabin, which can still be seen on South Park street ; they subseiiuently located at various convenient spots of the town and finally put up a buikling on \'iew street, and rented the adjoining building ; lliesv are now run separately, having a kinderg.irlen of about 50 pupil:* anil a day school »-.r. ll. Ill ml ■J- ria tic ■t ; i.f ikI ly, lol •K^WT \ II W> UN 1 III 1,1 M ( i| nil IM HIM AIT AMI N \\ \IMi 1 K \11.\\ \\. -fTirMVlMiwmSR vrcTORr. I n.r.rsTR. \ rrn. I Si I ^,«.,' of abiMit tlio saiiK' niimlHT. I'lu' C'onxoiil of Si. Ann iKv:upio> no.irlv a hliH'k I'l f^riuiiul, iiul lias oxIcii^iM.' j,Mril(.'iis ; the stniLtuii.' is a hoaiililul oiif, ami was inm- mencod hy the cii'ilioti of nrK^ of tlu- pri'soiil wiiii;-., in 1871, tlio bixlv anil niain wini; hciiiK i I'lnplctcil ton yoais later. .\11 the appurlcnaiKON arc i\->ninuiiliou>., tlii.' ronnis iif the boarders, llio school rooms and the nuisic hall beini,' especially li^'ht and airy. There is a braneh at I'owiehan, where the orphans are sent. l'HO\INll.M. Ml sll M. N'isitors to X'ietoria are ^^enerally very pleasantly sur- prised by one of the prettiest little imiseunis on the .\nieri- ean continent ; it is thoroiij,'lil\ nniipie and ilid our visitors but ' the Prov ince oi Hrillsh t'oluinbia, as alsi a Ciillectii>n oi mincials, shells and other objects of interest. Thev weie very fortunate in the acquisition of Mr. Ji'hn Kannin, who had lor nearlv thirtv years pio- V ill us col lee ted a nil made a study of the habits of animals ami birds. The musi'uin was st;irted in a small room with the limiteil collection then ovvncil bv .Mr. l-annin, and th. ' rincipai part of the has been done in isl two years with ' ^''►■^ > v^ni., iini. til .■ ;eiitleman in charj.je. The museum has coiitiiiuallv c.dled for enlargement until, even now, although occupvinj.; line quarters in one of the Parliament building's, further extensions will soon he re- ipiired. .Mr. I'annin makes ni-yearlv excursions lo the favor- ite j,Mme haunts in search I'f new spiciniens, and he and his friends have contributed a vast number iif the ariim.ds and birils ailornir)j4^ the museum. There are to-ilav mineral ex- hibits from every minin^j camp in the Province, some _V"dif- ferent species of birds, about 401) shells of various kinds and a j^reat collection of insects. The deer, elk, moose, sheep, t^oat and bear families are tally represented, and there are many other trophies such as the musk ox, the ly-jx, the wolf and the cuimin^j wolverine. .Mr. hanniri has person- ally done or superintended the taxidermy of every aniin; ' and bird and his labors have met with such ^;reat success that his name is known amoni^^ naturalists and sporismcn idl over North .\merica. nil-; i:xiiini I ION. The Hrilish Columbia .\),'ricultural .\ssociation was or).;ani/ed tifteen years i^o, havinj.; in view the advance- ment of the ajjricultural, miniii),'', manufacturing and (ishinn interests of the I'rov ince. I'ntil the past two years an exhibition has been held allernalelv on the .Maudand and the Island, but on aciount o\ the ir.-rease in population and the advancement of ihe interests of the Province it was found necessary to hold annual exhibitions here. it has until this year been held in buildings adjoiniii).; Heacon Hill Park, but this year it was decided to erect the present handsome structure at Ihe drivinjj park. A by-law was put before the lax payi rs ;ind the sum ol S25,, a f,'real part ot the balance bein^ tarnished from the Associ- ation's funds and from private subscription. The buildinj.; is one of the handsomest pieces ol architecture on the Pacific (."oast and was commenceil and liiiish- eil in sixty-live days. The display consists in pail of all kinds of stock and poultry, which are conlineil in biiililin^s altacheil to the main buililin^, in vv li:i li latter are exhi- bit eil, on the main II. -oi, a)4:ricultural pro- ilui I > of ev erv kind ami the displays of leading; m .ifi u fai I u rers and ineuh.mls. .\bove the main lloor are two bread j4, tileries, running,' around the interior ot the buildiii).;; on tiie first ^jallery are exhi- biteil horlicultur.il dis- plavs and lailies' laiicy work, while the seiond (,'allery is uscil for the art department. Ihe ilur.ilion ot the exhibit is one week; prizes are awaitled in every branch, music is discourseil by Protessor I'terdiier's orchestra, races and sports of all kinds consuiiie the day while the displav i>f lireworks in the eveniiijjs is worthy of espeii.il note. It may be said, by the wav, that the race track is the best half-mile track on the Coast. The exposi- tion this year was lar(.jely attemled and a pronounced financial success. The olVicers for the past year were : I). R. Ker, President ; U'. il. Ladiier, I'irst \ice Prest ; S. Sandovtr. Secoiul \'ice President ; (i. .\. Mc T.iv ish, 'l"reasurer ; C. 1{. Renoiif, Secretary, anil W. II. H.iin- bridne, .\ssistanl Sccret.irv. The ollicers tor Ihe ensuinj,' year are: W. II. I'.Uis, President; I'!. Iliitclieson, I'irst \ice President ; J. I'. Mcllmoyl, Second X'ice Presiilent ; \V. II. Hainbrid^'e,, Secretarv , and ti. .\. M''''av ish, Treas. iV KKMIK ^ KK>IIiKM K. 4311 I c in a 1 II iral pro- kind aiul r loailinj,' .Ts and llic liUC arc two s.rimninj; nlcrior I'l ; on tli<.- aro i.-xlii- Itural ti\^- id irallcry iralion ol It) every 'fcrdncr'N c the day vMirtliy I'l tlio raic lio I'xposi- n-ar wore : ice Pres'l ; McTavi^h. . n. Hain- tlu- enMiiiiK eM>n, l-"ir>t .ident ; Treas. a. * 34 itcroK/A ii.i.rsTR.\Ti:n. KARl.V IIISIOKV ()!• COLl'MIJIA. Mkl LSI aluml tiKiiiily In llic lus> nt prcNlij^'i' of tin.' Spanianls, Uritisli supriMHiu-y boinj; foil tlirou^'li tin.' Irii'iully rolaliiiii> i-xisliii^; bi'tvwi'ii iIk'iii aiul iIk' Imlians, \\lii> wore voty pii\\LTl\il at this tiiiK'. It uas onl) twii years altiT tlu' aiUviit ct \'afKi>u\ir lliat Sir .Mfxaiiilcr Maikcn/io, tlii'ii a soimn man, ii'lt rlll-1 Straits i>t" Juati do Fiu'a wore ifixcn tlioir naino by Captain Moars, in l!ic sor\ iic of tJK' I'lnf^lish (im oni- moiit, nearly two centuries after their iliseovery in i5r a north-west passa^'e In water, as a short it aj^ainst the Knglish. Jusl two centuries later (in i7i>>) route to India, caused the abandonment ot explorations in f .— -..-^^:: WILSON !> SI. HV lil.iK K. Spain sent jimther expedition on the s.wne err;ind under this direction with that purpose in \iew ; but in the earlv Quadra, while linjjlatid sent an expeditii>n under N'ancomer. Hoth fleets sailed up the str.iits in their vain ipiesl for the passajje. \';incou\er Island was first called (Juadra Island, but then chanj^ed its name on a friendly ct>inpromise to that of Quadra-\'ancouver, and subsequently to \'an- couxer, who furnished the first maps and surveys ever made of the Straits of Juan de Kuc.i, the Str.iits of (ieor^ia forties oi the present i.entury, it opened the agitation \.i'i a short route to India and the Orient, by land and water both. The settlement of this vast territorx was unattended by bhiodshed. The dispute of boundary line with the I'nited Stales, which at one time bade fair to create trouble was settled b\ arbitration, and m 1X4(1 \ancouver Island was ci'iistiluted a Crown Colony, wliile the Mainland lol- nd l'u(^et Sound. This chan^fe of name was broujfht K)wed in 1H58 ; eight years later the two colonies were •■r- S I m 3 r !5 - 36 I /c/o/s'/.i II i.rsiNMi.n. iiiiiloil iimli.T llio iiiiinf 111 Urilisli I'liliiinM^, aiul viiliTcil work wiis mi siuiosslully lariiiil tin, was aliiitisl vriliri'ly intu Coiifi'iloralinn with the l>iimiiii>in in 1S71. Siiu'f lliL'n nwin^^ In Mr. Miinsniuir'N sa^aiil) and pcrsi'MTatuo, he llio ilow'InpnK'nt iif llio I'nu iiu'c has been plKMumu-nal ; il>> with sonic ilil)i>.'ull\ having' inliTcslcil sumk- nl tin- wi'allhioHl transiontini'iilal lino lias jjixon it a fjroat impotiis, anil llio lapitalisls of I'alil'nrnia, wlui, in atlditiiMi lii llio piaotioally pasi low voars liavo wilnossoil roiiiarkahio oliatij^os. In llio iinliinitoci iiu-.ins al llioir liispiisal, woro lar^jo onnsniiiors nl' oarlv part of llio prosont ooriliMv, tlio lliulson's Hay I'om- ooal. A niattor wiMlliy ol nolo in this oonnoolioii is that pans- ostahlishoil a post horo, arid in i><47 niailo I'virt nol a siiifjlo sliaro tif railway slook was lloatoil, and lasli X'iotoria, naniod in honor iil ^Juoon N'ioloria, llio lioail- was paid down on llio nail tho moniont it was roi]iiiroil. As will ho apparoni Ui any 0110 who iraxoN o\or tho roail, its ooiistriu'lion in\til\od llio ronuual of many on^inooriii); dinictiltios. Thoro was a lar|,'o quantity of \ory lioaxy rook work ; oxooptionally hijjh hriJ^jos and trosllos had to be A bv no moans siiiall indood, a xory important oonstruolod, anil iho amount o'i lillinj; that hail to bo dono ' ■ :or in Iho prosporily oi \\v C'lly of X'iotoria and ^^i tho was romarkably throat. ItuI, dospito all this, aooordinj; to Islarul ol \'anoou\or, is tho l-Ni|iiimalt and Nanaimo Rail- oonipolont jiid^'os, tho l!st|iiiniall and Naiiaimo Railway is wav. It oonnoots Iho oommoroial capital of tho IVovinoo 0110 of tho host built roails on tho oontiiioiil. with tho immonso ooal rof^ions oi what is known as tho Tho soonory ill aloni; Iho lino is bolil. ^rand and im- ipiarlors for its \ast trado. rill-: isi.wn kmiwan Nanaimo Hasin. l-"or many years its construc- tion was rocommondod and st rcnuously ad\ o- catod as advisable in tho intorosis of commerce and soltloniont ; but it was onlv when it became es- sential as a niattor of public policy, that actu.il work upon it was under- taken. Its building' was a part oi Iho celebrated tarnarvon terms oi com- pensation for the ilelay in completing' the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. I'pon more than one occasion it had previously been endeav- ored to make it a part of the trans-continental sys- tem ; but the Parli.iment at Ottawa were not con- CHKIST C'lUKl II l A rlllDK Al.. pressivc, broken al times by some o\ the most cliarmin(.j bits of land- scape that could be imagined. The otTocts.ire p.inoramic so abrupt are some of tho transitions, while othor views for loii).; stretches follow in their succession like one har- monious whole. The buildiii|.; ^■>'i this lino has (,'i\on rapid and coiuoni- out connection botwoon \ iotoria ami a niniibor of i m port a n t point s that from a business point oi \iow were practically in- accessible. .\ number of n.nirishin^ business and at.;ricultural centres have boon opened up and jjiven an outlol for tho \aluablo products with which tliov tent to treat it as such. However, under the Settlement abound. Valuable biiildiii^; stone is plontiful all alonjj Hill of 18H2, its construction was assured, but it w.is tho roiilo ; soiiio o'i tho timber is reallv ma).;nificent, only bej.;un in the Kail of 1W4, the late Hon. Robert ;ind the ijuanlity of this materi;il may bo said to be Dunsmuir havinj^, at the su^'i,'estion of the Marquis of almost inexhaustible. Rich siUor-beariii).; quart/ lodj^os Lorae, then liov.-deneral, and other prominent persons, have boon prospoctod and will doubtless be developed in c.msented to assume the responsibility. I'lider the Settle- the early future. Thai Ihore are valuable farming lands iiiont Hill, tho nominion (ioxornmont were plodf,'od lo j;rant lioroahoui> is shown by tho number ol agricultural sottlo- 8750,1).);) towarils the work of buildiiiy, and tho Provincial monis wliiih are brou^;lit to li),'ht in ahnost o\ery break in Government the lands th.it are known as the Railwav the forest. Tliero are oxtoiisi\ o s.iw mills at Shawni^aii, Reserve. C'hemainus, C'owichan, Nanaimo and other points, which Tudor .Mr. Dunsmuir's contract, the railway was to be ''-i^^' '''^■'^■" tendered possible of successful operation by the running,' by June loth. 1H87 ; but with such ener^jy was tho moans of transport win. h tho railway has allordoJ. undertaking prosecuted, that on tho loth .\'ijjust, iSfW), tho The railway, morom or, in adilition to boiiij.4 an import- last rail was laid, and on the i.^h y'i'i that month the last ant liical enterprise, is regarded bv mam as boiii)^ a load- spike was driven b\ the late Ri^jlit Hon. Sir John .\. Mac- in^; link in a throu^;li transcontinenlal system. .Already donald, then and for many years Premier of the |)oni..iion. frei>,'hl and passenjfors from the l^ast by the I'. P. R. find II is understood that to build and equip th ■ road, whose it praclicihle to cross over from \'ancouver to Nan;iimo bv total lonf.;th is 78 miles, cost over $2,c)4o,cxx). I'liat the steamer, llieiice roachinjj X'ictori.i by the I-!. \- N. Railwav. «»' i:f- ^ I'fcro/f/. I I I.I. t •srk. \ ti:/>. 37 liuloi'il, it i> II t '^jrcat prailii.al a> hciiijf iivor->an>,'uiiic, ihat lonk l'i>rv\arij to a lime wIk-ii ailininislrativj as well as prolcssiDnal ahililv, and min.li as llio ruail will ni>t mily hi- I'xti'iulod li> llio n.>rlli iiui nf llio iIk' Islarul Kailway lias aeoimplishccl in llie past, it is Islaiiil, liiit will liavf its i'iiiiiu-i.'tiiins with the AiiKTiiaii lU-stincil in the tiiliirc to ilo iiu'rc in the intori'sts of island system ol transeontineiital railways at Heeiher lla\ . ami development, and intcr-provinciiit, international trade. nil; ii:\v!;i.i. lu.ot k. i'iiumk v.xti.s .wd i)i)r(;i..\s ^rKI■.l^T.N by wav i>t lUiio Inlet with a seiond all-t'anadian route. The otViecrs ot the Island railway, ot which some view s The I'!. \' \. Kailway is i^enerallv roiOfjiii/ei! as an appear elsewhere, are .\. nimsmiiir. President; Joseph exieedint;l> well m,in.ij,'ed insijiulion. .\t its lie;.cl are the Hunter, Cieneral Superintendent ; and H. K. Prior, tieneral sons ol the Lite lion. Robt. I>unsnuiir, its liniiuler, who Freij^^ht and Passcnjjer Ajjent. i -«■ 38 / H TORI. I //,/. / '.S7 A'. ( //•/). luiiir IWRV Ki'Sorkci-s. AiiKici i.nur, iimii:kii>., mmhi u ami iiii minis as ii SIM iif iiuMiiitiiins thai I'inilil only uilli ll'i' iiliimsl ilill'u'ull) K' hri>u^lil In KMilrihiiU' lis i|iiinderfui agri- cultural and horti- cultural wealth to be ilcwiopeil, the soil beiu).; amon^ iherichest, and most pr.ut ically inex- h.uislible that il was possible to find. The rich loam here, there ami e\ cry where is deep, and lapable of producing; num- erous successions <.•<{ crops, without in any way deteriorat- iufi or ^;i\ in^f out. Man\ of the lands are ilescribeil as bein^f well watered .ind well sheltered, and, at but moder- ate expense, can be reacheil and turned 1.1 Ihe best advan- la;;e. To-ila) it mav .iliiu>st be saiil that Uri t ish Columbia lias cattle upon a lluiusaiul hills, re\ - elliin; in j;reen pas- tures, and creatiiif^ wealth at almost every step they take. Dn the niainlaml, which is an import- ant feeder to \'an- couver Island, the far-famed bunch ),'rass produces the best pasture know n, a n il e v e r y t h i n jj combined with his own industry .iiid enterprise, never points to stock-raisinj,' as beinj,' speciallv adapted to fail to ^'ive him happiness and wealth. If he is only the l.iiid and climate. In some parts the red lop, blue contented to labor and to wail, almost all thiiijfs are his. joynl and ol'ur t,^rasses are the varieties most easiK pro- Years a);;o it was supposed that the limits suiled to the duced, and their nutritious qualities are ex idenced by the prosecution of farming,' were within very narrow compass. conditio.i of the live stock that finds its xvay to the market, The country was described, by soine xvho professed to or by Ihe milk and butter that are produced. In the Pro- know all about il, but were utterly ij;norant of the subject, vince there cannot be less than H),txx) square miles of the t'r k \ - 1" > > i ' i! .1: I 40 J V( -ro/f/.l //./. f 'STR. I TED. hi.'si hiiKl ;i\iiil:ihlo, so that tor the production of cereals, purposes, honored with substantial acknowledj;nient at tiie roots and meals, almost unequalled natural facilities are Paris I'lxpositioii. However promisinif the prospect, the alVorded. fact cannot he disfjuised that only a small proportion of The aifrici.llural resinirces of the Island o'i X'ancouver what mij^'ht be fruitful fields, have been placed under culti- it is hard to estimate, hut the Saanich, Cowichan, C'omox \ation. The l'"armers' Hele^jates who arrived here some and Alberni districts have amply demonstrated their months back in search of know ledf,'e as to this IVoxince as abundant fertility, while elsewhere the explorers say that a place of settlement, had but little to sa\ of the Island o'i i lUlI.niM-. Of TIIK H. C. I.ANP AMI INVKSTMEM l(). (as SHOWN WIIICN lOMI'l I- ri: I)). thousands of acres only await the settler's advent lii \ancouver, tor the reason that they could not, or were not enormously repay him for the exertions he may put torlh. disposed to ^five to il the .ittentioii that it not only deser\eil. There are known to be in the immediate nei>,'hborhood of but absolutely revpiired. Practically speakiii),', the scope Victoria, not less than »k),(kx) to Ho.cxk) :icres of line t'arm- of the farmer in Hritish (.'olumbia is •ir.lliuited, anil within injj lands, whose products have done honor to themselves titty miles of Victoria the subioincd yields per acre fully in the ditTerent fairs of the coimtry. and were indeed, i>n demonstrate the capability of the soil: Whe.it V' I'M" the only occasion that t'ley were sent abr.wid for exhibition bushels per acre, potatoes f; om r^o to j liushcls ; oats, iio to 73 have a ready sale. His facilities for clisposint^^ of thorn are bushels ; hay up to three tons, and turnips 20 to 30 tons. heing^ much impro\ed by the construction of the Victoria \'ef,a'lables of all classes make wonderful returns. On market, and the favorable feelinj^ in the same direction that m my persons not accustimied to such thinj^s, doubtless the elsewhere prevails. density oi the forest has a discourajjinjj eflPect. The idea The climate here is particularly well adapted to poultry of h.ivinj.;' to clear their way throui^h j^'^ii^^antic K'rests raisin}^. .Accordinjf to Professor Saunders, the mildness alarms them, ami, almost immediately they begin to coui't of the climate lengthens the period for laying, and the the cost, freiiuenlly ciMicluding that the expense of clearing pullets commence to produce eggs at a much earlier period would be nil re than they can afford, and, indeed, for which than they do elsewhere, all that is icquired being the they will not be likely to obtain anything like adequate obtainment of the best varieties and careful attention to remuneratiiMi. It is very true mat it would ciist in the vicinity of Siixi per acre to clear m.iny farms ; that is, pro\ ideil the trees be ruthlessly disposed of. Hut the timber ought not to be so lestroy- ed, and in many instances it would he a source of considerable profit to the land owner to clear '.'le less thickly wooded p» tions of his holding and wait for the oppi 1 tunity of m.arket- ing his logs. On almost all land holdings, s.iv I'f iCki acres, there are some 25 to 30 acres them. % Kggs and chickens are always wanted and the prices paid are most remunerative, a remark which will also apply to fruits and vegetables. The quality of these products is unsurpassed anywhere. In the past it has been said by many people that though they might produce and sell these articles at good prices, it did not pay- to peddle them. Hut there will be no need for this, as far as Victoria is concerned, which, as has been mentioned, will shortly be possessed of one of the best appointed public markei- on rf^"^-- :!**•-■ m\:n i\iiii;[im\ in 11 oi\i. iH riii-: 11. i'. .\i;iiuii.TiR.\t. assoiia rioN. thai might easily be cleared .it no\ iiu-re th.iii S-\S •'' S,Vi per acre. I'Vom this the larmei can raise I'ar more produce than he requires, arid can li\e as iiiany pei>ple on this island alread\ do jilmost within himself. !l his n'l'aiis be limited, he can gradually extend hi^ clearaiue, and all the lime his properlv is increasing in \alue. Many ol the cattle upon '.f.ls island are of the choicest breeds. In cerlain parts iliey can be turneil out all winter, and in the opinion o\ so liigh an aulluMily as Professor Saunders, ol the Dominion Department of .\griculture, c;in always be found in the best oi condition. The prospects for the small farmer, within a reasonable di stance ol Victoria, are among the most promising. His fruits ami vegetables (a great portion I'f the l-n-.d suppl\ lu'w comes from C'alifi>rma and Wasliinglon, or is grown b\ I'liinamenl wvmiM always the ciiast. This institution will be a boon to fanners an 1 town residents alike, and will render it unnecessarv for the latter to be dependent lor so large a proportion o( their supplies upon an element in the community with which thev have little sympathy ; while they will obtain them much fresher and in a more ri guiai manner. The dairv fa-iier who ;'inis to cater fo'.' city custom, has a splendid field in the vicinity oi \'ictoria. The Messrs. Tolinie anil others, have clearly demonstrated that there is a very great deal in it ; nevertheless by far t'-e ":reater part o^i the Provincial supply oi butter and cheese comes tVoni Ontario and liie Sound country. The grain gtown on the Island of N'an- cou\ er and in the I")elta district, I'raser river, is regarded by Professor Saunders, oi Ottaw a, as of exceptional quality and yield. Wheat, barley and oats, more particularly two-rowed 42 VICTORIA ILLUSTRATED. barley, the best adapted to nialtinj^', are anioii}^ the finest obtainable, and will i.lways be in demand, the local con- sumption at the present time heinj^ impossible to keep pace with by means of the home product. Good indeed, hij,'h-class farmin}^ always pays, and it has been fully demonstrated on Wincouver Island, where, moreover, the sheep and cattle ranchers have at the present time the grandest opportunities before them. The number of fat cattle and sheep that are annually broujjht into the Province from abroad is enormous not, as will have beei. seen, because tlioy cannot be protitahly raised .and fed here, but because this im|iortant department oi industry a'-.d enterprise has not been properly or adeiiuateiy taken in hand. Hops are j^rown to a small extent only, but can be produced just as advanta};'eously on N'ancouver Island as at I'uyaliup or other places in the United .States, while the passed anywhere. Professor Saunders, director of prac- tical farmin}^ and fruit j^rowinj^ in connection with the Department of .Vffriculture at Ottawa, who is possibly the best authority on the subject in the Dominion, and, indeed, is an enthusiast as rejjards his own specialty, has more than once expres.sed his a nazenient at what he has seen and at what has been communicated to him ollicially on this subject with respect lo British Cohunbia. When here, not so ionjj since, he made a special trip throujjh the already celebrated fruit districts of the M.iinlani.;, which, he said, compared most favorably with, and, indeed, exceeded the well-know " peninsid.a " of Ontaiio lie also explained what the tiovernment w.is doin^' at ll\. .Af^assiz I'"arni in order to acclimatize what are rei;ardcil as the best i|uahties of fruits. To the production of these the climate, the soil and the shelter oi British (."olumbia PKOPO.SED 1I01I;I, AT l>.\ • HAV element retpiired to pick the product is plentif'i upon the island. I Kl IT t.KOW IM.. Probably in no country in the world can the misiness of fruit j,'ro\\in^r be more profitably prosecutetl than in the Province ol Mritish C'uli.nibia. I'he pursuit is .i most enjoyable one. It is ni,'. .\t the first, the land has to be care- fully selected ; for there can be no doubt about it that some sections of the country are better adapted to the purpose than others. Then the ground has to be dealt with in such ,i manner ,is sli.dl best (it it for the object to which it is naturally adapted. I'ruit faiminjf has been most successfully carrieil on in portions of the Mainland, where it has been m.ide i specialty, the products, as regards both quality and abundance of )ield, beicg unsur- are in eveiv way adapted, l"or ^jrape ),'rowin^, he was not disposed to say that this province possessed equal advanta>,'es with California, where the ni>rmal heat was ^^reater ; nevertheless, for the ordinary fruits those >'iat arc not tr,pic;il British t'ohiinbia is excvv.;)n',;!v well suited. Kurthernu>re, he advised rl: • cuilivatii'r o* iruits of the very best qualities, contrasting' l!ie e\p'. l. es v)f tl>i)-,e who h.ul pursiieil the opposite polii > of coiiinuin);; in the old rut of t,'''"^^i"K ''>e fruits which most readily came to their hand, and allowing' ihein to take care i>f themselvvs. If such people had not fruit of the very best qiialitv, it wastheirown laull ; for unpruiud and n,-),'lecteil orchards could not be expected to do the best (hat w;is possible for them under more favor.ible ciuiditions. Ue- ferrii,,' to the Island of N'ancouver, it may be said that it is even ii )re elij;ibly situated than is the .Mainlanil, since not only is it protected from easterly winds, but it has the ' I VICTORIA ILLUSTRATED. 4.1 ^ advanta"o of the uninterrupted Pacific breezes, which pressed the opinion that he can handle at that point for carry with them warmth and other {genial influences. On local consumption and export as much iw can be supplied some of the benches of the island ni;iny descriptions of to him. Other gentlemen, similarly enj^ajjed, have ex- fruit are already most successfully grown, and nowhere in pressed their anxiety to enter into th ; same hne of trade, the province can better fruit be found than in the Cedar Then, as concerns local business, the quantity of Cali- llill District, in the vicinity of Saanich. in s.tme portions fornia fruits that are annually broMf^ht in is not much less of the C'owichaii, Sooke and Comox Districts ; in Alberni, than $ioc,oo. judge of fruits, and who was .ippiiinted to col- lect the island con- tribution to the con- signment of ixhibits for the Ontario and (Juebec sliow s, re- ports that it v.ovild be diiliciilt to excel any- >vhere what he saw when he made his lour through si-me of the sections of the island. The trees were, as it were, borne dow n with their Weight of fri.it, which, had it been judiciiHis- 1 y thinned, w o u I d ha\e ensured still larger and better de- veloped fruits. With a practical eye ti' in the vicinity of 50 cents, while an aver- age price of 8 to to cents would amply compensate the local producer. Existing prices at present very materially restrict the consumption, and, in consequence, there are many people to whom what ought to be a material element of food in its season, still continues »o be a luxury. Fruit grow- ing by farmers would be a material addition to their resources, w hile for the man w ho makes fruit growing on Vancouver Island a specialty, not less than from S250 to $300 per acre can be cleared anrjually from an orchard which has reached its full bear- ing, while even from a youf.^; plantation returns may be had which >. ill more than CO vert he cost of work- ing, and all the time the re. enue will be ST. .WIIREW S I'RFSnVTl'KlAN I Ml Kl II. uicre...^Mi^j. S.M.MON FISHKRV. business, he made it a poin : to secure of it as much The salmon fishery of British Columbia is something as possible fi>r shipment to the Old Country, in the unique. Nowhere in the world are salmon found in such shape of a canned product. I-ess than twenty years abundance, .and nowhere does catching and preserving ago, the fruit business of C;i lifornia was of no greater them constitute so large atid so important an industry, dimensions than that of Britis 1 Columbia ; yet, in i8t)o, it l-'rom time immemorial, salmon swarmed, at certain sea- exceeded in amount no less a sum than upwards of nine- so'is of the year, in the rivers, hays and inlets of the teer. r.-iillion dollars, the » hea*. and flour exp»>rts of northern part of the Pacific coast. With the aborigines t'le same year being a*>out talf a million dollars less. w ho were fish-eateis, the salmon may be said to have been F.aigc quantities of canned ai d fresh fruits from British the staff of life. They caught great numbers of them, and Columbia have already Ixen ent to the Kast, where they cured them simply by drying them in the sun. No salt ha\e had a most fasurable ; nd welcome reception, one was used. The fish wt.e cut in thin strips, and these whv>lc.saler y-<{ Montreal, Mt. IV lAxkerby, having ex- strips were exposed to the heat of the sun. The fish so : ! II 44 VICTOR f A ILLVSTRATED. cured kept well, and was the staple food of the natives for the j,'reater part of the year. Their manner of eatchiri}^ them was inj^enious. The Indians did not know how to make nets, hut they fastened a hajjf, made of the hark of the cedar tree, to the end of a forked pole. .A rope from this hajj was held by the fisher- man. There were two Indians in each canoe, one to fis' md the other to steady and j^uide the little craft. Whi. ! fisherman felt that there was a salmon in his trap, pulled the strinj:^, which closed it, thus seciirin-;; the lish. The fishing was done in companies, fifty or sixty canoes forminjjf the fleet, which stretched almost from one side of the river to the other. Larjje numbers of salmon were caught in this way. The Hudson Bay Company, in the preserve the salmon by canninj^. .\ Mr. Stamp, who does not appear to have been very successful, ;ind .Mr. Kwen, made a beffinTiinj; in that year in a small way. Tliey liatl many difficulties to encounter, but Mr. I'^wen surmounted them all, established a prosperous business, and is now hale and hearty, as active and enerj^etic as ever he was. Mr. Sproat went into the canninjj business next year, and he was followed by Findlay, nurham & .idie. The salmon canninj^ industry did not at first proj;^ress iery rapidly, for we find that in i87() there were only three salmon packing concerns in the Province in active opera- tion. These were l:wen & Co., I'indlay, Durham & Mrodie, and Holbrook & C"o. The whole p.-ick that year Ml IIOI.I.KS AM) KIAlMI, MVUllWAKK. .inimnileil to onl\ 'i.S.jy cases ol (K cans eai h. I he leailcr will be able to torm a prelt) aciurate idea ol the progress of llie salmon c.inning industry from the following sl.iie- tnent of laclories in active operation : N... „f early days, purchased a considerable pri'portion of the catch. The S.iiuluich Islands were then llie principal market li>r the s.ilmon caught in Mrilish C'oluinbi.i w.iters. The fish were pickled, and used to provision the whalers, which made those Islands their rendezvous. There being no c.'iUle on either the islands or the coasts of the Pacific, the pickled salmon were made to do duty for salt beef When the country, which is now Hritish t'oiumbia, was first settled, and when adventurers llocked to it from ■all quarters in search of gold, while men began to citch salmon with gill nets. The catch was pickled, and a l"or some ye.-irs the s.-ilmon packing business was confineil large quantity was sold to the miners and other settlers. to the l-'niser Kive,-, but in 1K77 a cannery was est.iblished It was not until 1870 that an attempt w.is made to at Skeena. .\l ditVerent peiiods since llieii, salmon have 1870. 1880. 1885. 1890. (";iimtTi(",. r.i.k. .; «.H47 7 (11,841) ') 108,517 .14 4«).4''4 ^ A »■.. ■* Mill AW .\ I OS "DKl.TA" tANNKKV. I-KASKK KIVKK \k lOKIA lANNKKV. Kl\ l.KS IM.KT. :l. R. CrSNIMiHAMS CANNKKV, TOKT ESSIMITON, SKEKNA KIVER. 46 VICTORIA ILLUSTKA TED. been eaujjht and pai-kcd at Alert Hay, Rivers Inlet, Naas, Not more than two or three hours are suffered to elapse Gardner's Inlet, Lowe Inlet, Bute Inlet, and Met- from the time they are cau^'hl until they are cooked in the lakathtla. There is now a chain of canneries, extcndinjj boilers and retorts of the factories. from the Fraser River to the Alaska Boundary. These It is j^enerally im.igined that the accounts which arc canneries give employment to quite a number of people. written of the immense numbers \^'i salmon that frequent .\ larj^^e proportion of the (ishermen are Indians Siwashes the I'raser River and other streams of British Columbia as thev are called on the Pacific t'oast. They do their must be taken with many ^^rains >.■>{ allowaiice; but these work well, and are, on the whole, as steady and as reliiible " lish stories" are, in the main, true. It is dillicult to as the same class of people in any part of the world. exaj^j^erate when speaking of the number i>f salmon that There is very little of the " noble red man " about the take their annual journey up the rivers oi this province. British t'olumhian Siwash, neither does he retain many The immense numbers that are caught every year hear of the characteristics of the savage. He dresses in luiro- witness to this tact, and experienced canners say that they pean garb, and has a hea\y, stolid look. He takes to are not iliminishing. It has been observed from the civilization more kindly than most Indians ; and, though earliest times that it is very seldom that there is a hea\y he does not often rise in the world, he makes a useful and fairly law-abiding citi/en. The Siwash fisherman, in a good season, often earns a great deal of money, some of them netting, in a few ••■•>•■' as much aseignch. .idredand a thousand dollars. Thecannersknou how to manage the Indians, and it is very seldom that there is serious trouble at the can- neries. In the fac- tories. Chinamen and Indian women are chiefly employ- ed. The dearth cif white labor makes the employment of Chinamen a neces- sity. The Chinamen become very expert in the different pro- cesses of packing, and they are both sober and industrious. The Indian women are em- ployed chiefly in cleaning the hsh, which they do thoroughly. Water is not spared in the canneries. The establishments are kept scrupulously clean, and the work is done with extraordinary rapidity and skill. In li.WK or ItKlTISII lOMMIUA. run ol sahiKMi in the l-'rasi-r for three s u c c e s s i V e ye a r s. There is, after two plen t i fu 1 yea rs, a year of scarcity. The writer was lolil by .Mr. l''wen, the pi»i- iieer canner of the proxiiKe, that the lish in the plentiful years are now as ■ ibundaiil as ever lliey « ere. 1 le can see no dilVereiice. But he has i>bserved that there are more salnuin in the river in the " off years " than there used lo be in the earl\ da\s ol salmon packing. If .\Ir. l\wen is right and he is a dose and an accurate i>b- server, and has had better iipportunities of observation than any other white man in the province the salmon in the Kra.ser Rixer are more abundant now than ever they were. Whether or not the increase in the off years is due lo the numbers oi fry put into the river every year from the (iovernment h.itchery, is a point about which there is ,i difference of opinion. There are some whose views on the subject, it might be a \ery tew hours the fish that were swimming in the river supposed, are entitled to consideration, who assert, with are safely packeil in the air-tight cans. They are not great confidence, that the hatchery has di'ne nothing allowed to get stale. The) are not, in fact, exposed to towards preserving the salmon; but there are others who any contaminating influence whatever, but are, when decl.ire with equal confiilence that it is owing to the work packed, perfectly fresh, and as clean as water can make done by the hatchery that the run of salmon in the h'raser them. It is simply impossible to get fish in any city, for Ri\er has not, of late years, decreased, table use, as fresh as are the s.-ilmcn which are cooked in The preservation I'f the salmon is, in British I'olumbia, the cans of the British Columbia fish packing factories. a matter iif very great importance. The pack of the ■■«! '«> no *Vcr»« # 48 1 7( ■ ■/■( MV. I //, /. ( 'S VA: I TED. Lv^s-MS^' r.miBS^- ij^aav Co I'-.MS ,\ M,l,.ll.in i,i7., I. '. I. r- , u" n ''.tS™.'*-> '^..^.P Dr,, ...1. 'c..nnin|{ Co.. iLil.) i,:n Hritish C.>liinibia PackinK Co i.t.iib » vw.. v«-». / j- .. Urit. Col. Ciinnint! Co.. (I.J.) 11.810 ! T ,ial .<»/. IVil.1 Canning Co ij,.oB "'T« Im.h ■ LaidLt* & Co .^. n.7»7 ll.'bv.n & Co j.bj; Marlivk I'atkinK Co . io,ja6 PhtH-nix Packing Co. . . . 14,000 ' T*»lal J.6J7 Hritish -Ain'.Ti.-af. Pac-ktn(( Co ib,ayt | t'"".""',!'"",',.'-''""'"* ^"" '"■'*'' KIIMAIIV. h. .\. W adham .< . l.),ao.{ CtlHrn H.-.n,rC.liinlnKCo m.™ Kra».T River M.*^' KiihiTi.-mH.annin){Co 14.380 Alert Bav t.jS. Ilobm.n&to i7,joi R|,i.r,lnlrt ji.». „'"">' '41.W9 C.arJimr li.U-l j.:.., •^'►"T "V , I.,... InU-l i,J(7 .\l,rt Ha> t jnninK to 7.J80 HuU' Inlil j.i'i; ,, loUl 7.JH0 Ti«al f.'r Pro. iniT 4a>.4<>4 Hrili.h Columhw Canning C... "J.*! Shipped to •• .. io,i6j ''•'>"■ '■**'• W,inniick Pa.kintt Co i^jl6 - In.tid Kin({d..n. .J.,l.,l<,i iiH.m; AitMtralui in,\ht ^4.",i" Total 1J../.I Canada -».,s<'' 4'.'<" liAKlilNKR s IM KT InileJ Stale.. ,s.. II. .M. Price & Co. (Ld.). .i.;.., \''P'"T' , , u *"• On hand at date H.j<(.i '».'.ss Total 3-7") ' LowK Im.kt Cn«r«. 4."k4'M 4'4'.JJ9 " '* iHK^ t4i..t4i Skeena Packing II.. ■'•774 " " " '**-S ".**'5'7 Brtti.h Amertean P.-ieking C... 14.135 " " " .**H(, ,f>i,4<^ Italm.iral C'lnninif C IJ.BS4 | " " " 1KH7 tin,iH\ Brit. C.l. CanniiiK C..., il^.) ij.>>4 " " ' iH(« iK,.,,,,. " " •■ 1HK.1 4.4. «>( Total f-'Ki I " " " '*'r' 4'"HN |)|;i:p si;,\ itsiikkiis. .Mthouf^h lar(.je i|iiaiililies of ileop sea fish such as halibut, true cod, r.'ck coil and many others aboimd in immense ijuantitii's in llie «. iters surrounding; Vancouver Island ; and allliou(,'li it is a fact that 'he people of liritish Columbia ha\e never .is yel >;one exteiisiveiy iiilo this in- dustry, which is already cin>: iii ciMisiderable and vearly f.jro\\inf; importance to the Massachusetts lleel of schoon- ers fr,.m the I'ujjet Sound cities ; yet it is of interestin(,r note thai a comp.iny is mnv forminjj with {".ii^lish arul liritish I'olumbian pn. lectors, and a capital oi twice the total amount at present operated on l'uj,'et Sound. The purpose of this company to establish Iree/eries bolli in the North I'll the lisliin^r (grounds as vxell as here \\ ill (guarantee the placiii),' ot perfectly fresh Pacific fish in the ICastern markets where there is a lar^a■ demand ; the company will not confine its attentions entirely to deep sea fish but will also freive salmon for Mastern shipment ; ami, in oriler to be able t.. supply the I'nited Slates markets free/eries will be located across the line as well. The companv will start oper.itions next spriii),' with a c.ipit.il oi two million dollars, and as it is fair to assume that i>ther companies tir indi\iduals will soon follow their example il may be expected that another larjre source i>f rexeiiue will soon be added to the j^reat list oi resources. LI .MIIKK AM) I.I MIILKINi;. Owiii^ to the immense si/e to which the l)ouj;l.is lir and the ced,ir att,iin in the Province of Hrilish Columbia, and the Island oi \ancouver in particular, the local timber interest is a very important one. The i|.ialitv, toi>, oi the timber produced, is re>,rarded by the trade as beinj,' the very best, and commands top prices in the market. .Messrs. Kinj; and Casey, the well kiunvn lo^jj^jers, have actually cut .and measured v>.""" f>-'^'' of lumber per acre in the Comox dis- trict, and ev eryw here limits runnlnf,' iMuler jt),(HX) feet are scarcely thoui;ht to be wi-rlh aci|uiriMLi. In aildilion to the woods already mentioneil, spruce, maple aiul oak are also ^rown. The prlncip.il lumber, however, which is proiluced ^. i . M.\ ,VU\ I. All t-.\ 1 111 k. II. t '- \, ... "« 'I 'lis i! so VICTORIA tU.VSTRA TEH. 1 [ is that (roni the Poufjlas fir. Owinjj li' llu- inimonsc KkmI ilo- maiul which hiiiiclin^; opi-ratioiis h.ivo s.^'i lali' iii.kIo upon tho hinibcr mills nf this island, soinool' tht-ni have boiii uhlif^oil to work double shifts, in addition to which very heavy consij^'nnients from the mainland have found a market in Victoria anil elsewhere. It is difficult to esliniale the quantity f.'^'i lumber which the Island of Vancouver is cap- able i.'^i producing,', each survey injf party as it returns from the interior, supplyinn' its proofs of material additions to existing calculations. .\t any rate, no matter how heavy may be the rei.|uirenient, there is ample to supply all the demands for years to come. In the Province oi British Columbia there were last year iJ^-.i-'' •'>-"''>■"' "'^'"^^■'''"">-''" lanils under limber lease, o^ which 7,o(x) were in theC'ow- iclian district, the co.ist and Sayw.ird districts supplyinj^ rhe\'icli>ria Lumber and Manufacturing; Co. , of C'hemai nils, whose new mill, when completeil, will have ;i daily capacity of more than i 5o,ut Ioljs for the market, and all over the island and in the Str.iils .ire hand loj^j;iii^ camps, the products cii which ;ire, to their owners, almost as j^ood as >;old. During; the last couple of years several new mills have been established, while older ones have had their capacity very materially increased, and the indications are that other lumberinj; and inillinf;enterprises will ere liinj; be inaugurated. The subjoined table compiled from the l-'orestry Inspector's Report, will doubtless be ol some interest : *^'. I.Oia.IM. lAMI' ON VASCOIVICK ISI.WP. i: ; f' 25,672 acres, upon which \'anciHiver Island lumbermen drew for their loft's. .Moreover, their camps were fininil upon the mainland, and on the inlerveniiif," islands as fiir north as Knijjht's Inlet. The mills, those of Messrs. W. P. Sayward X: (.'o.. Rock Hay ; Ilu),'lfitt ^: Mclnlyre. Cow- ichan ; The Chemainus (X'ictori.i Lumber and .Mamilactiir- injj Co.); .Andrew Haslam, Nan.-iimo, and Mr. I'rquharl, Comox, have an estimated capacity of 3f)o,ocxi feet per day ; that of .Muir Hros. , of .Sooke, not beiujjf in operation. N.\Mi-: 111- M;i.r.. WllKHF SiiiAriiM. I. P ASKS Illl.lV Alke.s. W. P. .SayMaril. . . N'ictoria . . i,.sH<' lliij,'hitt it Mclntyre Cowichan , 7,,4C)^ mentioned those of I'raser X: Co., on the Cowichan River ; Kin),' & Casey. \\\\^\\ tiranl and \V. !'. Sayward & Co., In the case of the Cowichan Mill, the output leporled Valdez Island, and on Vancouver Island between Cape amounts practically U> nolhin),', as the establishment is L.1ZO and Cape Mudf,'e ; and of .Andrew Ilaslam, of N'aii.i- bein;,' rebuilt .ind enlarged to more than double its previous imo, in the Sayward district, and also on Vancouver Island. capacity. The Chemainus mill, when completed, will, as Jl*^''^\ l-d ^k£*5il % Br ^ ^^ ' HON. I. II. nUNKK, Mini-l<-r .>( Fiit.iiux'. Mtiii^rtT of Mint--, KJiiL-ntion, Ike. ti. 11. ricil t is ious , as IION. TIIKl). DAVIK, IION. K. (i. VKKNON, Chief CiMnmUftioncr L;iiiJ« and Workn. P\ ga VrcTORrA rt.U'STRATF.n. lias ht'iMi hol'orc saiil, bo ahli" In turn mil tfio.iHK) loi'l ilaily iSSi $I7J,<).|7 when it resumes operations. if'H-' .V>3.H7,S The followiinr lahic will t,'ive an iJoa of the export ol '^^^.^ 4"7-*'^4 luniher from the IVox inee of Mrilish t'oUiniliia lor the last ">^4 45^..V'.S lenvears: '««3 2....,..7i iHHd $i<(4,4KH 1HH7 a.l.S.'M.I iHJW 44'.')S7 iMSi( 44c),oj(i s'ri;i:N(i'rii oi-' i'.i;irisi! (olimiha 'riMi'.i:!;. Shtwlnn Ihi' wiiijhls, s|x-clfi(: grnvilicH, iletU'clicms, hri'.ikinK anil irii.lili\y liKiiN iif «>inf of III!' llrilMi C.iliimliia WuchN. TIu' y\wv^ lisinl f.ir IransvtTsi' stron(ilh were uno Inch si|iure, with a s\n\\ nf nne fi»il, Miiiih.rteil at 1ki||> eniN ami iDadtil al ihe ciiilri-. Tlu' |ii.r.s itslii! f..t irushinn w.tc rcclanniilar, ami Iwl..- as I.MIK as (hey were lliick. All ihe |>iiTes wen- fair a\ciat;c >|«;iinitiis .if linihir, |ttrll>- wa-unrcl, l.ul friv from km. Is an.l llaws. The reMilts ulitaiiie.l from exeeplinnally i^uoil iir liaM s|iei-inien>. are mil inolmle I in llils lalilc. OfseKirnov oi TIM^^K. t.S 6 is I h \\y \\ PurnMiiN iM Imhk> AlJtr. Arhiitus. Bir.h. (.■.d.ir. Crah Apple l'\ris» \ill.i». Il'lia (Alnii« ruliriil I ArlniliK Mi-n/iriiii) (Hthil.i p.ipxrilenil (Thuja ^Itfiinnal (PiniH ri\ uljirtsl "!, ir, Kwl. IKiiiUHk. Miple. 0;ik. Pill.-, Whil, Sprue e\p;iri> Niitliiii n*-is> Spjiih iPMiul.^tsiikM I)«>u«l;e I I'sii^:.! M.ir(i-M-.i.tiiiil lA.vr nl.uT.iplitlluinl (OiKTeiiN tiarr\.iiial (Finns m.iiitieel.it (I'ievil SilehtnsitJ Ilt^ntpard. ,11. ifi .51.SH i«|j PiirHJi. M-J"! Njl7 .17..S7 •(•".< ■II '« 50. J 1 .11.71 .H- 11.41 .17-41 Marsh. Null. l>.Ml((i. While Thiirii. (C'r.'iul'Kiis OiniKlasii) Vfw. (T.ixus Itreliftilu'l) t arnere. C'arrKTf. Pursh. |1,.UK1. M.iuul. ^ .irnerr. I.iu.ll. Niitt. ■r" •' ,VM7 '«> JiXl I'll .J*; 1 I liT ".« ■7l'".« • 4i .«.j.ll7 '»7,< '•> I "4 1 .., .H M.l' IJ 1(1 tMi , jlJ "•'.^l.^ 1.1 •J« nq iRi .1441 .HI 4«" 4.1 ; J X ItMk Tin 6,4(1 4*. ftlu J*' Jl«> 6r 4SI' M> .!*« 4.V" 4"' I R«. .07 6<|ii 4Vt 6.|8 4«"i .1*' i 47.1 I 447 i Menu I'riihhiiiK LimJ in n<». piT •Mpi.irr iiuh. KmlHiiH'. in*. 64i» .W«> ;i»i %»*> 7 '7.V liiai I.V"' 4.1"ll IIXKI ItlWl rilK MlMiS. .Mthoiijrh the Hudson Hay Company established their chief trading' post for the North l\airu- eoast at V'iiloria in 1K4J, it is not due to this fact tliat Hritish t'olunihia was briiuf^ht prominently before the wiirld. The I'oni- pany of Adventurers confined their attention to trading' with the Indians for furs, althou(,'h they niaile an unsuc- cessful attempt to develop the coal mines at l'"ort Kupert. It will he impossible here to exhaustively discuss the mininjj history and prospects of Hritish Columbia, hut a few jjeneral remarks will sullice tii outline the jiast, aiul show that the future of mining' is bri^'ht, and that it nuist become our chief industry. The discovery of i,rold on the l-"raser river bars in 185H caused a rush of miners from California to the new liekl, the route chiefly beinj; to '. ictoria, and thence by nuat's of steamer, sailing; vessel, row boat or canoe, to the Fraser. Some of these adventurous spirits penetrated the interior, and in iSfxj tfold was found in Cariboo. The rush to Williams, Uf^fhtninj^, and adjacent creeks, tor several years, at times caused Victoria's population to swell to twenty or thirty thousani! people, housed in any kind of dwelliuij^ available. \'ictoria has always been the headquarters for supplies, and the source of supply for the province, then established, h.is never chanijed. .\lter the discovery i>f the Cariboo >;old fields, other rich liiids were made, but none so important, and the claim that the province owes its existence to the f^old wealth of Cariboo is, in the main, correct. Cariboo, Lillooct, Kootenay, \'ale, Cassiar, Omineca, and the Peace River, have all been worked for their alluvi.il gold, and while the output has decreased year by year, there are many ainouj,' the best informed who claim that persistent and intellit,'ent prospectin-; would brin),' to li^jht as rich districts ;is those which have furnisheil the liftv millions or so of dollars I now (^iveri as the ollicial return \.A the j^oUl product during,!- the prosecution of ^(old-minin),' in Hritish Ci>lumbia. The precious metal deposits are not confined to any psirticuliir belt, but are found in the islands of the coast, and in the several ranj^es of mountains to the eastern slope of the Rockies, the sands of the i'eace .and Saskatchewan rivers carryinjj fine f^old far east of the mountains. The ileposits, however, follow the same lines as those to the south of the bouiulary line, beiiifr closer tojjether as the raii>;es of mountains runnint^ north and south on the .American continent approach .Alaska. .\llhouj,'li a i|uartz excitement visiteil Cariboo as the placer claims j^avt out, there was wo real proj^ress in this branch of miniiif^ until within recent years. The Cariboo riiad is probably one of the finest hifjhways in the world, but the distjince between source of supply and the mine ^vas so (^reat, .and the cost of transportation so severe, that it was impossible to successfully or profitably work i|uarlz ileposits. Duriii),' the past ten ye.irs, however, prospectinjj for i;old and silver quart/ has been dili^jently prosecuted in the various districts of the province, and many valu.ible ileposits h.ive been loc.iteil. It vv.is not until after the ailvent of the C.m.idian Pacific R.iilway to the north, and the Northern Railway to the south, that anythiiif^ really import.mt was acci>tnplished in ipiart/ minin^j. Tliese two railvv.ivs m;ule access into the dis- tricts of Kooten.-iy and N'ale comparatively ea.sy and cheap, ^iofKse>i*«P9fiiatmem«oiAPi;, I. INK HON. JOHN KOUSON. M. 1". I'. 3. CAI'T. JOHN IKVINO. ■V TIIEO. 1 IBIIE. rVafll 54 VICTORIA ILLUSTRATED. i the C'olunibia anJ Kin>li.'na\ ri\L'i>. ami lakos lurtiisliin^' excellent water conimunicalion from oitlicr line ot railway, ill those fafilities is iliie, in a ^reat measMie, the attention that has heeii pai I to Kootenay ilistriet, where prospectors have opened to the 'vorki silver mines that gi\e promise of surpassing;' in wealth those of any district on the American continent. Thousandf. ot" locations of jjold, silver, copper and lead have been made, many of ihein have been extensively doNoliiped, and a i,'^reat numbei' more or less prospected. The mines o( Toad Mountain, Ivini;' between Columbia river and Kootenay lake, were first discovered by a prospecliui; party comiiij^ in from the south. For the "Silver Kin^jf," the chief f;:roup, Si,3ix),txx) has been offered. This is one of the greatest ledj;es of ore ever foimd, it beini;; of remarkable width, and carrying from hundreds to thousands of ounces of sil- ver per ton. Ivxtensive silver bearint;' deposits were after- wards found at what is called the Hot Springs Camp, ocpially as rich, but not in such ,Ui:'i> 'tv. Re- cently, deposl* s V )' sil\ er guiiig as ricii pio:nise as the mines of Toad .Moun- tain, were located on the head waters of Kaslo ri\er and on Slocan lake, lying also between the Columbia river and Kootenay lake. Besides these important camps, locations have been made in every part of the KooteiTay lake district of gold, siKer, copjier and lead ores, but prinrip.illy of sil- ver As a consequence of these, miners and capitalists have visited the held in large nuiJibers, enterprising companies have prepa,-u for the building up of im- portant towfis, of smelters, saw mills, and the means of transportation. Among I'le most energetic is the Moslon Company, redly the pioneer of the lake district, they having been engaged in opening up the famous Hlue Hell galena claim, on the east shore, for the past nine \ears. Ihis company has begun the building of a large i.melter at Pilot Bay. The Victoria Company, of which Joshu.i Davies is the leading spirit, have erected saw mills, and have in many ways prepared for the building of a large town at Nelson. Ainsworth. Ka.-lo C '.v, Pilot Hav, each give promise of becoming important centres of trade for the mines tributary to them. In other portions of Kootenay mines are being J.eveloped, the "Lanark" •i.ine al lllecille- waet haxingbeen proved lo be a gre.it depi>sil of rich bear- ing galena. .\t varii>us places along the line of railway in l']ast and West Kootenay, t)uarlz tnines are being de\elo|ied, and it is confidently predicted that next year and the following _\ears will prove that Kootenay is the richest mining sectirn of the continei.t. In the early sixties, rich goUl placers were \vi>rked in various pails of Kooten.iy, and a.ie mII' being worked, principallv by Chinese. ICxcjilent coking and oilier coals are found in C'row's N'e-.t Pass ii< immense ipiaiitities. l.imesiviiie, i.'on ore, timber, ,'ind oilier necessaries for smeltrig, alH>uiul adjacent u> the mines, so that the treatni'iit if the precious nielal is made both cheap and prolilalvle. Chief me'itiiin i> made ol Kootenay mines, because the, are so far ad\:inced in development, and so favor- ably situated with regard to transportation facilities (ih'. Cireal N'i>rtliern furnisiiiiig anoth'.'rtran; con tine III. il line next year), that it must be here tli.il British I'ol nubia's precious metals will iirst yield up their millions in oullion. But the other sec- tions of the country lying siHilh . . .in. line of the I'anadian Pacific have .also great miner.al wealth, while north to 'he .\laska boun- d.iry, deposits ol gold, sil- ver, copper, iron, mica, marhio, and other valuable natural resources, exist in .ibundance. Willi lliee\ce|- tion of those on the coast, the mines lying far from ra'l- way communication win ne- cessarily have to await cheaper transportation facil- ities before being extensive- ly worki'il. In Caribo i there .ire numerous gold ijuart/ ledges, .some of which hav e been shown by th- Ciovern- menl Reduction Works lo be cap.ible of paying a re.is, 'liable profit. In l.ilKoel distriit, some twenty-live miles from the raihvav, llie ' Bonan/a " gold claim is heing thoioughly opened up. In the l">kanagan district of N'ale are Large gold i|uar|/ deposits. .\t kock Crei'k, i\c:. ilie boundary line, a/e also extensive ledges, some of which arc being iipcied up. In the Similkameen district are numerous location.. It is in this portion of N"ale district thai large qujintiiies of plaliiHim are founil in the placer claims. The North TliompsiMi river has also many quart/ ledges. It was al Nicomin, on the main Thompson, thai gold \*as first dis- covereil in Br^i;,!) Columb'< I Ml si.N, III! 1 I NAN r-C.IV I KVOH. I HON. (J. i:. l\»olJ.\, PiviitiU.'nt o( the CtHiiKil. i^adiiiigJUUU ...-, .4 f 1 .A,- 1 k •? i4 ■i * ; ■.* -■.■1 or t ■ i 1 " - ^ Tin; l.ATl. IIU.N. KUIIT. DLN.sMUlK, Ih'.N. |i. W. IIH.l.INS MU. K. P. KITIHT. i ■ I 1 I i 56 VfCTORfA ILLUSTRATED. Althoufjh picked ore has been sl-iU from tlic Kootcnay of tho mines, and tlirouj^h Wells, I"ar},'o & Co. "s Kxpress L.'iKe district to the smelters at Butte, the output from the it has been shipped to the mint in San Francisco. In the quartz mines does not, so far, form an important item in colonial days a mint was established at N'l-w Westminster, the annual Ciovernniont return. This is still made up but was suppressed by the Imperial aullu"-ities. The almost alto^fethvr from the placer mines, and chieily from necessity of establishing a mint at N'ictoria in the near Cariboo. In this district, where first the mininj,' was by future will undoubtedly be acipiiesceil in by the Dominion sinkini; and drifting' and sluicintj, the ^jreater portion of Ciovernment. tho g^old now obtained is by hydraulicinj;-. Durin;; the past year, companies having larjje capital have bej^un the openinj,' up of claims on the north fork of the Cjuesnelle, where Chinese miners have previously, by their small methods, secured larye returns. .An Hnglish syndicate has secured the whole of Williams creek from its mouth, and next year will bejjfin a system of hydrauliciii};. The fact that (.jround on Williams creek, which was the richest of all camps in the early days, has continued to yield jjood returns from driftinjf ever since, is evidence that a suc- cessful .system of hydraulicinj;, where every portion of the dirt would be carefully washed, will produce f^rand lesults. The same, indeed, is true of every creek which has produced j^^old. 0\\ the Fraser river, from I.illooet to its sources, there ;ire benches which would produce j.;ood pay, if water for hydraulicin^' was available. .Xllention has now been lurned to the Wiirkini; if rich m.ij^netic iron ore, within limestone walls, assays (>>> 4-10 of iron, and has a very low perceiilaj.je ii'i phos- phorus and other impurities. This iron has already been much useil as a necessary inj^'reilient in ciMi- nection with iron fouiul in Wash- inj^ton State, where steel products are neccssaiv, by the Puf^el Sound iron companies, and it is of inler- estiiit; iu>le th.il the ordnance de- partjinent, in their last report to I'on^ress :il Washington, I). I"., ■~pi'ke of this ore as a necessarv adjuiu I ivitli the ores iif \\ ashinj;- lon Slate in ihe manufacture of ^uns on I'uijet Sound. Copper. Ihe nuist prominent ledfjes of copper yet f«)und are one in greater or less quantities, (iold, silver, copper, iron, on Howe .Sound and Texada ; but there are otlier finds quicksilver, marble, and especially coal, exist on this in v.irious parts of the province on the islands and island, with abundance of timber and valuable building' mainland, stone. The same is true in a lesser dei'ree of tjueen Charlotte Islands, where re.vntlv an Jxtensive silver '"'"'• '''i^' industry has already undergone a wonder- deposit has been found, and a vjry valuable deposit of ful dev elopment on Vancouver Island. On the mainland ma"netic iron ore. ' veins of li),niite exist in the vicinity of New Westmin- ster, and nood croppinjjs are found alonj; the North ll would be diflicult lo prophesy the ^.^reat returns Thompson and Skeen.; rivers. Hituminous coal is found thai will be secured from the precious metals in the near near Kamloops, while a very large body of semi-antliracile future. That it will run into many millions, and rival the has been opened up at the CVow's Nest C'ompanv's mines output ot Montana, Nev.ida .ind C.ilifornia, is quite within in l-!ast Kootenay. .\t liraliam Island, one iif the ^ueen the possibilities. Cp 10 the present the chief market fi>r I'harlotte >;roup, a considerable amount of Victoria capital gold has been in X'ictoria. In ihe early days it was h.is been expended by such well known men as William brought here by st.age ;ind steamer from Cariboo, the Wilson, Henry Saunders. I'aptain John Irving, . and others, Hank of Hritish Columbia being the pioneer in est.iblishing in the development of coal beds which are o\ ,1 clearer a branch of its bank at Harkerville. (iaresche, Cireen Ik character of anthracite than .my vel discovered on ijo., the H.ink of Hrjiish Columbia and the Hank of the Pacific t'o.isi. The Oregon Improvement Com- IJritish North .\merica have alvv.iv s pun. hased the output pany. the owners of r.iiUvays, steamers and coal mines X ^.A-^S^-t -*w.««. * ml ■ito ■*w4-i ^ j8 VICTORIA II.LUSTKATKn. from California to Alaska, iiave been larjje investors in, \V HOI .I'.S.A iJ" TKADH. and intent for some time in the development of tliese properties, the extent \.^'i whieh, from autlieiitie reports, ^^ must be enormous. The assay oi the anihracite is as I l"'- Indians all over the continent pitehed their tents follows: 1 on the shiMes of harbors and on the banks of the \\;^■^^, |..(io jjreat risers. Where these encampments stood have become Vi.l.ntili- cnmlmstililc 5.02 the sites of the j;-reat cities of to-ilav. In Canada, Hali- livcil irtrlRiii Sj.ixy tax, Montreal, Kin>,'slon, Toronto, Winnipeg', and other '^^'' ^''' impi>rlant points were each a rendezx ous for \ arious tribes ^"''''"" i-SJ "«' ofjndians. The same is true of Victoria. The Son^'ish At another part oi the island, and in a somewluil Indians villaLCe \t as, and is still, on the land on the oppo- dirterent formation, is a line bituminous coal, which par- site side ^^i the inner harbor. Wher) the Hudson's Hay takes of the character of cannel coal. It runs in seams Company moved their headiiuarlers on the Pacific Coast 11 > I'KiniMIAl. i.OVl.KNMI.M )irlI.I>IN(.S AM) (.KOIVDS, 1; I varyin^j from twelve to sixteen feet in thickness, and as.says as follows : Water 2.65 Viilalilt omilmsliiilc J(). 51) Kixi'il c.nrlxin U-^'J Ash 5.43 'oo The jjravinjj dock at Mstiuimalt is capable of safety dockin^j a vessel fi\e hundred feet in len^,'th. The dock, inside the inner invert, is 450 feet lon^. With the caisson removed to the outer invert thirty feet is ^aitied in the rake fore and aft, brinj^in^; the capaciiy up to vessels ~f%-> feet in length. from .Astoria, it was to \'ictoria, where they built their warehouses .ind their i.tI, in order to trade with the Indians of the coast. The supply centre thus established by the aborijjines, ami later by the first traders, has always continued to be the conuiiercial headtpuirters of the province, and Victoria has jfrown in sympathy with the development of any piirtion of the country, for it was here where miners and traders and Indians came to pur- chase their (;ood». In the days ol the ^jold excitement in Cariboo, there were a lar(.je number of houses established to supply the needs of the miners, who formed the jfreater portion of i;. c. ruiou, m. v. MK. H. C. Itl.KTON, Aifrnt lirnoral for llrittiih ColumttiA. MR. TIKIS, KAKI.i;, M. 1'. MR. RoliT. \V.\R1>. n 60 I 'rCTORf.l ILL USTRA TED. h; I the coiisuin.Ts. Many of these houses remain to-day, Francisco and I'ortland, and has exceplional provincial nearly all in ditTerent hands, except those of Strouss & Co. tnmsportation facilities, while, so far, the chief wholesale and J. H. Todd. Hut the lar^je and profitable trade trade is confined to the sea coast. The miners of Carilmo created by the miners dwindled iis the output each year have always been supplied from here, and there are t«o decreased. This, in a jjreat measure, was oil-set by the competinj; routes into the Kootenay Lake cminlry, whiih embarkation of capital into the more permanent industries district is also larfjely supplied from this point. I'lxperi- of coal minin)^, iisli canninij;, hmibernif.j and scalinj^'. enced and enerj^'etic men control the wholesale houses While the output of fjoid has decreased from two or three here, and they have shown themselves ipiite eijual to millions annually to half a million, the other industries supply all new fields that ha\e been opened up in recent have steadily }^rown until their value in dollars is two or years. Their success in the p.ist in copinj,' with keen compe- three times as j,'-reat as that of the lar^,'est annual ifold tition is an evidence that, as the pnnince is developed, yield. Hurinj^f the building oi the Canadian Pacific rail- N'lctoria will continue to be its chief commerci il centre. wav in this province, an impetus was given to the whole- sale trade of Victoria. .Xftor its completion this increase BANK.S AND HANKING. was not vliminished, but, owing to the building up of \'an- couver, the inccming of new population, and the exteiisiiin and addition to existing industries, busi- ness has constantly ad- vanced, and the whole- salers oi X'ictoria lia\e, in order to meet the de- mands, been compelled to carrv verv valuable stocks, and to add to their warehousing facili- ties. The principal dry goods retailers ol \ ictoria import their chief slock from I'jiglaiul direct, but the larger iiorlion ot staples are purchased from wholesalers here. I. en/ i^ Leiser possess extensive w a reroi)ms,;ind constanlly carry a strck o( dry goi>ds worlli a i)uarter oi a niillioii dol- lars. The wliiilesale dry goods, groceries, wines and liquors, boots and shoes, hardware and fur- \'icloria owe>, in a great measure, her finan- cial standing to the char- acter of the banking insli- tulions which have tran- sacted business here, aiul o( whose history a review- is presented : n.WKOI- IIKI I Isll I Ol.l-.MJll.\ This insli;u lion, w hose headipiarleis :ire .il X'ic- toria, was incorporaleil b\ riiyal charter, uilh a capital i^l $ ^,,(N N I, in ^ii,(KK) shares of .Si()<> each, with power lo in- crease. The reserve fund of the bank is Si .iqo.ix m. The l.i>ndon olVice is al (ki l.ombaril street, I-!. (.'. The curl i>l ilireclors is composed o^ Unbelt liillespie, lOsi). , chairman; l-)den Col ville, l'!si|. , depuly chairm.'in ; James .\ndersoii, l-^sq. ; T. Ci. (iillespie, ICsq. ; Sir Chas. .imouiil to Tupper, Hart. , Ci. C. M. (i. , l". H. ; C. NX'. Henson, I'isq, , Hankers : IIANKKKS. o.VKEscili:, (.ki:kn and co niture transactions of X'ictoria houses wi upwards of ten million dollars annually. That this and II Hughes, Itisq. , general manager. estimate is not excessive is borne out by inquiry among .Xlessrs. Smith, I'ayne Hi Smiths. the wholesalers, by the duties paid on imports which now average Siol, Manchester and Liverpool District XX'hen X'ancouver was made the terminus uf the Hanking C'oinp.iny, limited, Manclusier. Their agent in C. P. Railway, it was the idea o\ many that wholesale Sci>tland is the Hrilish Linen Company Hank, and in business would naturally gravitate to that point. This Ireland the Hank of Ireland. In Canada, the following has in \wi inslMice been verified. X'icloria enjoys Ihe are their agents ; Hank of Montreal and branches, C.ina- same rates of freight on the transcontinental lines as San dian Hank of Commerce, Imperial Hank of Canada, "— **ii^ ■ 1,1. IIIIIIIIIU'I ■- ♦ ! ; 6» VICTOR 1. 1 //,/, VSTRA TEH. W li Molson's Bank, Ci>mmiTi'ial Rank nf Manitoba and Hank of Nova Scotia. In tin.' I'mtoil Slates llicy arc roprc- sontoil by the I?ank of Montreal in New N'ork and (.'hica^jo. Collections are carelully attenilcd to, anil a j,'eneral bankinj;; business is transacteil. llie bank receives ile- pi.isits for fixed perioils, and will snpply information as to rate of interest, eic, upon application. HANK OK MOMRHAI.. This ^reat corporation has recently opened a branch at Victoria, and t'anipbell Sweeney, senior niana>,'er for the Coast, and nianajier of the \'ancouver branch, opened the new branch \^\\ the first of last .\pril. The Bank of Montreal was in- corporated by .Act of Par- liament in 1817, with a paid up capital oi Si 2,(xxi,(xio, and a •-e-^erve fund o{ $f>,ooo,ooo, with head office in Montreal. Wk^w. Sir Pon- ald .\. Smith, K.f. .M.Ci., is president, and the Hon. (i. .\. Ilrummond is vice-presi- dent. The other directors are: (iilbert Scott, .\. T. Paterson, Hu^'h McLennan, !•:. K. Cireenshields, \V. C". .MclX^nald, lion. j. J. C. .Xbbi'tt and K. H. .\nj;us. 1^. S. Cloustc'n is j^ener.'l manaijer, and .\. MacNider is chief inspector and super- intendent oi branches. The corporation has thirly-lhree branches situated in the prin- cipal cities and towns iif Canada, and others in the L'nited Suites, Hnf,'land and Scotland. In 1KS7 they es- tablished a branch at \an- couver, and, in order ti' meet the demand, they established another at New V\'e s t m i n s t e r, u n d e r t h e nianaj;ement of li. I). Hrym- ner. The Hank of Montreal li;is a S.-ivinj^^s Department in connectii-n with its regular business, allow in}.j interest t.\\\ deposits at 4 per cent., and also issues special interesl-be;irin).j receipts. .Mr. \. J. (.'. lialletly, who uas fornierl\ mana^^er at Mranttord, (.'>nt., has assumed mana;4ement i^i the Victori.a br.incli. HANK K'^V IIKirrslI NllKTII A.MMKILA. This banking house w;ts established in iS^i, and in 1840 it was incorporated by royal charter, with a capital stock of j£"i, 000, 000 sterlinjj. Its serve fund amounts to ;£j205,(KHi sterling. In iH|^() a br.mch was established in X'ictoria. They do a j.;eneral banking' business, in.;ludiny foreign exchange m\ all parts of the world. They have M.VVOK JOHN l.KANr, M. IV also a Savings Oeparlment, where interest is allowed on time deposits of any amount. ,Mr. (iavin llaniilton Iturns is the manager here, and for the p.ist thirteen years he has been with the X'ictoria branch of the concern. I. \Hi:si III:, i.i^'i I'rouiice .ixenue, they are to erect their new building, which is three stories in height, having a frontage of (m> feet on liin ermiient and Hroail streets, and 240 feet on Trounce avenue. This is the only house V liich purchases gold dust it market rates, and in any case it has to pass through their hands. '1 hey attend to all of Wells, i-argo .t Co. s business here, give letters of credit, bills oi ex- change, and have facilities for drawing direct on over io,()oi> cities in the l'nited St.ites, Canada, Kurope, .M e N i c o a 11 d C h i 11 a . M r. (iaresche died in 1874, and after that lime Mr. tireen had the entire manag^ement oi the firm's business until his ileatli, on the Jlsl of September last, and it was , owing to his popularity and positive integrity that the busines-N was built to its present immense propor- tions Althotif^h not .1 cli;ir- tcreil banU.the capit.il I f this firm is eipial to that of many if the chartered banks c{ I'lastern Canada, and is re- gardeil as the largest private banking house in the no- minion. Nir. !•'. H. Worlock, who w.is tormeily the as- sistant manager, ami is now manager of the bank, is a man of large experience in banking, of great courtesy, and very popular among the cili/ens o\ Victoria. .\s SHOW iNi. the manner in w hii h the volume olilei lared exports from the port of Victoria to the Cnited Slates lias increased of late ye.irs, the subjoined figures obtained from the .Vmericaii Coiisul.ite in this citv will be of interest : \ r.ir iiiilint; Jiiiu' jo, 1S.S5, . . SW) , . 1KK7... ISKK . $2,.'(.7,(.,S5 .Si . 3,3<)i,4.j7 Sr. . 2,jh4,22i .)() . 2,fi24,()oi) iS l8«9 2.72i),ij<>S 77 iSfio 2,472, ijr; 16 1891 J, Iu2,l82 9J MK. A. C. IMMKUI i:i,T. VH1-I'rf.;,l.r I H.vir.l ,.f Tr.1,1.-. MK. Ui^lll A DAVIKS, Prfsjdi-nl Ro>nl Juhiliv llospitnl. i b 'flMH V \ ^^^^^^^^^^K'U. (.. A. Mll.M, M. i'. 1'. MK. N. SllAKKSrEAUt, Pi>Rt master. i-KTOK/.\ r/./.rsrh'.WFn. 1. ' 11 IF. VAN'COUVKU ISLAND MIM'S. mi; wiii.i.iNiiroN ioi.i,ii:kii:s. The Wi'lliiij^lini MiiK's .iro at llio prosoDt hi'in^ aiilM.'l\ winkoil, ami thai town liuiks i'\oi) mori- pruspii- oiis tliaii botiTi' iIk- iinploasaiitiioss nt" last siimmor. I'lu' ilomaiul lor tho wt'll-kiunvii ^V^.•llin^'ton loal is as ^jroat as ex or it was, tlu' output hiiiij^ ixily j,'in oriu'il In tlu' laiili- lies lor transp.irtatioii. Uporations arc hoiiif;; ii>iuluitoil al'tor the oKI cstahhshfd and rolialilc in ct hods, aiul thi- niininj,' i-oninuinity licrcabinits appears lo lie happy and eontented. Ot' late the town has been \ery inueh im- pro\ed, ami nuniermis additions have been made lo the list o'i iiidixiilual property owners, while the company's houses are occupied by thrifty and eli),'ible tenants. The Li>mpanv's store has been tr.msferreil to Mr. Cooke, for- merly of \'ictoria, and i.in ihe townsite reserve Mr. I It. I., [ones has opened a shop for the sale of ^jener.il floods. .\t No. 5 shaft some i(X> men are employed, the re- sult of whose l.nbors is about 4-i<' tiMis a day. 'I'heventil.itin^' apparatus is cap- able of supplyinj,' I jj.cxx) cubic leet of air per minute. Recently a new feat- ure developed itself i n o II e slope i n which the miners were workinjj. .A most promisinj.^ seam, from seven to ten feet thick, was struck, which runs in an altO(,'ether dif- ferent direction. A shaft now takes the place of the old slope, and its workin^j is extremely satisfactory to the company, as well as to the pit boss, Mr. Jones. This shaft is the only one at the colliery which is directly connected with the main line of the railway to \'ic- toria, and in ciinsequence it supplies the demand which conies from th.it city. New and most effective haulage machinery and apparatus have been put dinvn- the new slope. The shaft is about 300 feet deep, ami vvdrks over an area of about two miles. The mine is divided into five sections, known as Ihe Slope Piaj.jonal, the I-;ast Side, the West Side, the He.idin^,' .iiul the New Strike. .Miniiif,' is here carried on on the pillar and stall system, except on the slope, where the I. on^veorth method is in vofjue. No. 4 has recently received ;i consider.ible aniouiU of new machinery, including' a pair of coupled direct tacking entwines. The mine produces an averaj^e of 551) tons per day, and employs iix) men. Workings cover u very con- MOIII. l>VI,l.\>- siderable area, and the i rilinary height of the seam is seven feet, aiul the pillar and stall plan is the one upon which the mine is operated. James Sharp is the pit boss, and Ihe ventilalitm of his men is supplied by extra larj;e fans, producing i_v>,<<'><> cubic feel of air per minute. The newest shaft. No. fi, is down yni feel, a magnifi- cent seam of ci'.i' having been reacheil .(.bout two years agii. The output is in the vicinity >.■>( 450 tons per day, in the proiluction of which about iSo men are employed, under the direction of Mr. .Andrew Itryden. As in the other mines, the ventilatii'ii is of the be>.t. The shaft is beiiig^ rapidly ilevelopeil in all directions, and it is expected very shortly lo turn out not less than 700 Ions per ilav. It is regariUil .is being the greatest shaft in the ilistrict, ,ind preparations are being made to work it lo its fullest capacitv. 0\\ the west side iil it the pillar ami si. ill system is employed, and on Ihe other side Ihe men work iin Ihe l.ongvvurth pl:in. Most of the coal produced .it Wel- lington is sent ov er the company 's own line to Depart lire Hay, where they have three shipping wh.irves, at which the l.irgCsl ocean vessels, some of them carrying 5,(kx) tons, are loaded and dispatched to .ill parts of the world, the shipping accom- modations being the very best on the coast. .\ new shaft is being sunk for the company by Mr. James llaggart, between Departure Hay and Wellington, to what is known to be a large and exlen-.ive seam, vvlucb is expected to be reached about the New N'ear, and vv ill adtl materially to the output of the comp.'iny. .Mr. John Hryden is general manager and Mr. .\lex- amler Sharp, mine superintendent. K.VST WKI.I.INtiTON I'OI.LIKRIHS. Situated at ICast Wellington, about four miles from Nan.iimo. are Ihe l'!ast Wellington (.'ollieries, the pri'perly of tile I'^asl Wellinglon Coal Company of San Franciscii ; .Mr. Will. S. Chandler is llie superintendent. Il.iving given the details of the other principal mines in this vici- nity it will be only necessary to add that the output o\ these mines is similar to Ihe others and lliat they are worked upon .1 modern basis ; the coal is of a similar qu.ility, and the mines are paying haiulsoinely and sup- porting a very considerable population at this point. * -. «.' *«V.'K»"-.'; *«»P'«'*t'— "^ 1' - ^«^|s■u MK CHAN !■;. Kl.Dll-.kN U. K KKK. I \1 1 w. !;. ( l.AKki;, Marlxu .M.iMlt. MR. A. K. M1I.NK, Ct'Uivtor i4 Customs. ■MHIfii ^U T 'Tsqesvpmmrmnipvnw 66 VK'TOKrA rr.rjrsTRATKn. TIIK I'NIDN lOI.I.lKHII'.S. The I'nioti Minos, or as tlioy aro spokoii nf by iniiiiy as the t'omox mines, arc situate at I'nii'ii, witiili is a short distanco from the vilhi};j of Com.ix, or rather the settlement of t'ourlney. Union is a thriving; mining,' town, the iiouses hein(| ranjjed aloit^j the main niail which Ira- verses the piaee, others, as it were, beinjj set down in a rather promiscuous manner amonjj the hlaclcened slumps. There is an air i.i( newness about the whole place which is rel'reshin),', but the appearance i>t' the miners K'oin^ lo or cominj; from the work ot their eif,'ht-hour shifts, ami the populace that traverses the thorou^jhlare, demonstrate that there is real, enerjjelic life, which is putlin^j forth its ertorts in an important (.leparlmeiit of industry. The trains of coal cars continually passing and re-passin^j on the railway leadinjj to the wharves, and other incidentals, enable one easily to locate the scene of operations. ,\t No. 4 slope they were at the time of w ritin^ jfettin^t>ul between 400 and jcx) tons of coal per day, and were expectin),' to considerable aug- ment t h e output without delay. Near the entrance to the slope is an eij,Oit\- ton railway wei>,'li- in(f machine. It is at the foot of the main chute, ;iiul weij^hs only the coal as it is screened and loaded on the c.irs, the remainder beinf,' take n a w a y b y means of elevators and deposited in bunk.Ts, tobeclean- ed and then turned to ad\anlaf.;e. Moreover, what is lunv practically thrown away, is by the washing; process expected to be made availalile for consuinplion lo the extent of about sixty per cent., so that the existing; loss on the entire output of twenty-fi\e per cent, is expected to be reduced to not more than ten. This process of wash- injf is very simple. The refuse is ajjitaled in the process by what is termed a plunf,'er, the iivailable fuel beinj^ broufjht to the lop. No. 4 slope is in about 450 yards, the incline at the entrance beinj,' about one in seven, which is nowhere exceeded. In this mine there are in full opera- tion two branches runnin^;^ from the main ^an^way, pro- ducing; lar^je supplies of the best coal. Another br.inch, which is almost ready, will ^ive another 2(« tons per day, and so soon as the necessary works have been completed the output will be run up to i,2cx) to 1,41x1 tons per d.iy. The coal, whereM'r il has been tried, is tlu>ut,'ht very lOUKU. I 01. 1 I 1,1.. much of, having; a very hi^;h per ceni. of carbon anil a minimum ol ash. I'he appliances in No. .} slope are pri>babl) the best lo be found on the Coast. .Amontf these may he men- lii>ned the JeflTrey ICIectric I'o.il Mining' Machine, which cimsisls of a bed frame, mounted upon which is a sliding frame, upon the front end of which is a cutter bar, secured with solid steel shoes. The cutter bar contains steel bits, which, beiri).; held lirmly a^jainst the face of the coal, forci; their way into il and form an undercut to the extent of six or seven feet, accordinj; as is the len^,'lh of Ihe sliding; frame. The motor is placed directly on lop ol the carrl- a),'e of the cutter, the power bein^' tr.insmilleil from the armature shall lo the Uiwer ilri\e shaft by means of sleel cut ^jear. The current required is from yt to 50 ampires, at a pressure of 220 volls, each motor bein^r able to ilevelope fully (ifteen horse power. The armature is calcu- lated to run at a speed of KX) revo- Ititions per minute, the cutter bar work- iri).; 2(x) revolutions. The momentum is such that ordinary obstructions are not perceptible, and the machine runs steail- ily and ipiietl) , run- II in^ out its full Kiijjih of six feet in lue minutes easily. The face each cut iii\ ers is three feet li\ e ifulies, so it « ill readily be seen how short a time is taken lo undercut a seam and make it ready lor the miners ti> j^o to work with their picks and explosives. It lakes, of course, a lew minutes lo move the machine in froiil ol Ihe face of Ihe coal and set it to work ajjain, tixinj,' the teeth, etc., but at I'nion as m.'iny as Ihirlv cuts have been made by one of them in ei>,'ht hours, each of them six feet deep by three feet live inches in width. Moreover, an adviint;i).^e is that the coal il m.ikes is principally larf^e coal, there beinj; no less than twenty per cent, more lumps obtained. The coal is unexcelled for cokinj;. Ihe washed slull priiducinj; an excellent quality of il. 'Ihe seam averajjcs from seven lo ei^ht feet in ^ood soliil ci'al, and the ven- tilation of Ihe mine is perfect with the aid ii'i Ihe (iuibal fan, which is in use all over Kn(;land. The fans for this and Ihe other mines were built by the .\lbion Iron Works, \'ictoria, where ;ilso ,1 Murphy fan was erected for them. In this mine, by the use of the most improved machinery, labor can be turned to its very best .idvant.i^'e. The <..ij'; - *-=;^ MU. I l{.\M I^ Itiil K( IIIKK. MR. ( IIAUI.l S IIAVWAKD, Clutirnuii) hvlKKtl IKvtrJ, 1 \ — iiDN. Roiir. i;i,AVi.N, M. 1'. r. MK. II. y. IIKISTER.MAN. i^-U^'JU^j- •--'-'-■J * '' -J*" x i iM i' li in i I I I " I I ' ' i 68 VICTORIA H.r.USTRA TED. \ sU hauling' from the mines is ail done by means ol" a tail io| .', its capacity beinfj- i/nly limited hy t.i>-- power applied to it. The pr.'seiit engine and machinery are equal to 2.00C1 tons in ten hours, the rope extending from Hie hauling drums to a distance of at least two miles. :uul penetrating the difterent branches of the mine. Owe of the special ad\ m- tages of this system of h.iuling is that the qnestioi, oi grades is of very little importance, it being possible to follow a seam of coal anywhere, thus creating an immense savmg in pushers and mules, only about seven of the latter being employed in the mine. In every department old style of mi.i- ing, is ventilated by a Mur hy fan, and has a daily outpoi of 230 'o 250 tons. There ha\e be^n some ditliculties and delays caused by faults in the seam, which have all disappeared, and the prodi ctio.i bids fair to be considerably >ncr>'i.>ed. In No. I tunne! no hoisting machinery is rei|uiiv'd, everything- be.ng on the evol. Ii is worked by Chinese entirely, under the direction of tlie o\crmap, Mr. .\llaii. The Chines- w.irk well, are gMod, careful miners, and produce lure .iboui v-xiy tons per day. This seam, which is only about three Jeet dee*-, is .ibout 3110 feet above the level 0!" the other mines, and contains a diflereni quality ot coal. The tunnel goes in about 250 y.nrds, inil is ve'i- tilated from .'he furnace. At No. -K slope, which is very pronvisinj', they are clearing at tlie pithead in order to start operations next Ki;sii>i.\i 1; or in: .-.nd expect to get out coal very soon. There is here one of the tinest outcroppings, which is onlv equalled by that o'i a similar mine in Nova Scotia. .\ ra.lway of 12,'j miles connects the.se mines with the rnion wharves, to which the coal is conveyed on cars of twenty-P.ve tons capacity, fifty more of which are being built to meet the existing demand. .\t thes.- wharves the largest vessels can load. The Messrs. Dunsmuir own half the I'nion mines, and Messrs. Stanford, Cook and Ilunlingt'.'ii, t!ie other half. The Southern PaLilic Railway have a standing contract for all the coal the mines can produce, and would take very much more if they could only obtain 't. It is co: >cyed to San Francisco by the c.ipacious steamers San Honito and San IVdro. Mr. W. Little is manager of the mi.'.es. KOIllKirK M.AMFAC-TllKV. .At I'nion a local company has estab- lished , under t he management of Mr. ■^dam Hogarth, a factory for the pro- duct'.m of the com- paratively new ex- plosive known as roburite. It is one of Ihe mo<' power- liil .ij.'ents, never- tiiele-.s it i', inll:ttn- mable and perfectly in.-.ctive and liann- li ss until connected with the detonator. It can be fired in gas or water, and tor the purp.iscs of Ciial cutting partic- ularly its effective- ness is said to h>-. .is 4 to I coni;iared « ith ordina-y pow- der. I lie headquar- ters of the original Roburite C"o. , troin which manufacturing right-- for H itish Columbia hav e been obtained, are in l.iin- lion, the wo ks beint^ at (iat)uirst, near Wigaii, Lanarkshire. So little pri liuctixe of danger was the maiuilacture regarded as being, hat the factory was allowed to be put up and operaied alongside the Lancashire and N'orkshire railway at (iathiirst. One porliiiii of the factory, which employs about 250 h.iiuls, is just across the Leeds and Liverpool c.'inal, the product being very consiilcrable, two tons on ;in average being daily exported. At I'liioii the capacity of the woik- are about .•,(>ii<> pounds in the ordinary working day of e ght hours. The machinery and appliances at I'nion are in every way ..-omplete. The company have numerous certificates from tUd C'oin>try mining companies and miners' lirganizalions tli.it roburite is unsurpassed, if, All; \. A. i.mi.N. tsStW" J month. The seam is one of four feet, the coal hei.ig of iiiueed, it is equalled by any other explosive for sirength, i. client quality. Ih ey are nuw U. wn about jix> )ards, smokelessnes;., a:.il, it the same time, afely. k ' ; 'IC TORI. I ILL USTR. I TED. 69 ■^t[ '-* NANAIMO. TIIFC HLACK DIAMDND CITY AND TIIK VANTOIV I'.R COAL COMPANY. in the subterranean strata, and other causes, together effected di.scourajjing- results, so that the total output between 1862 and 1883 only ranged between 20,000 and 90,000 tons per annum, the company's misfortunes having culminated in 1883, when the outpJt only reached 22,000 tons. In 1884, under a change of management, the outpit rose to 103,000 tons, and has steadily increased. PKRFI.APS the greatest resource of X'ancouver Island is her immense coal seams, which are the most cele- brated, both for their output and quality, of any on the Pacific til! the year of i8gc has seen 389,000 tons of coal brought Coast ; and it is to this fact that the city of Nanaimo owes into the light of day. Of this vast quantity, 286,000 tons her existence. Nanamio was practically founded in 1856 were exported, 49,000 distributed in local sales, and the by the Hudson Bay Company, when the first coal was balance absorbed in running the thirty odd engines of the taken out ; but w.is not incorporated until 1874. It is company itself, which use an average of 100 tons per day. situated on the shores of the Straits of Cieorgia, and occu- 'Die capital of the company has been slightly augmented, pies the most eastern point of \'ancouv,'r Island. No more but by no means to correspond with the vast increase of beautif'il view could be conceived of than that stretching its business. away from its feet ; sever.il islands form a rampart ag.iinst The company has at present five mines, four of which the waves and v. inds of the Straits, and keep the waters ai,^ in active operation since 1884. No. i shaft is run to a of the h'-".;i'iiiul harbor at all times placid. The scene depth of 620 feet, and tunnelled out under the bay to a across the islands and Straits is, on a clear day, one of marked grandeur, and gives a fine view of the saw- toothed and snow-cap- ped peaks of the Sel- kirks of British Colum- bia, and o f M o i n t Baker, of the Cascades, the second highest peak of Washington. The city contains a population of about 9,(xx) souls, is provided with six churches of variou; denomina- tions, two good schools \\.M\Q a high and the other a gram m a r school), a very pretty opera house, and twenty-four hotels; electric light arul gas, as also a good water works system, aie among the con- veniences. \\'hen one considers that there are ten. coal mines tributary to Nanaimo, and furnishing a monthly pay-roll THK IMON ll.rH, VICTOKI.V. distance of over 3,000 yards ; drills are at work sinking a shaft on Protection Island to connect with the mine, on account of the vast extent of which much or the ship-loading will, in the future, be done from the Island. The coal furnished from this mine is excellent for gas; it burns to a red ash, and will make 1 1 ,000 feet of gas to tiie ton, giving a fine coke and 22-candle il- luminating power. Shaft No. 3, which is about one mile to the south of No. I, and the Southfield shaft, which is tinee mites further south, are .all on the same vein as No. 1, the Southfield, however, furnishing a coal bette'- adapted for steam purposes. The Northfield, another oi the company's properties, is 4'j miles to the north i>f Shaft No. i, and is a Wellip..rton coal, being of about $175, cxx), not to speak of the great number of somewhat harder than the others. The trend of the veins sailors from the steamers, and sail-craft from all portions of the globe, cro'V Jlig the thoroughfares at all times, and spending llieir iioney freely, it is hardly to bv- wiMulered at that the city is in a flourishing condition, and growing rapidly; but it may be said that it owes its prosperity, inileed, its existence, to the NT.W \ .VNlOlVliK COM, lOMPANV, which bought its mines from the Hudson Hay Company in |8«)2, and has made them, e\er since, the main resource atul support of the bulk iif its inhabitants. I\ir several years aftei its inception, the company was f'•'■"H^J''"^^ against niaii\ ;Illlicullies. Natural "faults" of the mines is a ost level with the su; face rising to the west .md then ilipping to the east, at .in angle of five degrees. The present daily production of these four mines is as follmvs : No. I sh.ift (xKi tons No. 3 shaft 300 " Smithlield 8cxi " Northfield 500 " Total 2100 " Thi" 'nines have double shafts for ventilation, and are almiist iiilally free from gas. Most of the property inter- li*^ 70 VICTORIA ILLUSTKA TED. r J 1 veninfj is owned by the company, whose landed ai: .1 mineral estate exceeds _^o,cxx) acres. They formerly ownei' the whole of N'anaim,'), and still hold a larf,'^e part of it tojjether with Newcastle, Protection, and three or tour other islands lyinjj along the coast. The miners, exceptinj'' those at Nortlifield, all live in Nanaim.1, the company ninninfj work trains from the city to its outlyinj;f mines, which enable its employees to have the comforts of city life. The railroads connectinjj the shafts with the bi^j coal wharves at Nan.iims are all oi the ^ tandard gaiig'e, ensiirinij complete intercommunication with 'he Ksquimait & Nanaimo Railroad, a privilcj;e oi which the other mininjj companies, havinj; independent fjauj^'es of their own, are deprived. It maybe mcniioned that the proprietors oi this railroad have slunvn a most friendly spirit to the New Vancouver Company in fi'rnish- \n^ sidinj^^s and other facilities for traffic. No. I shaft is termed the Hastlield, or Ksplanade, while No. J is termed the (."base River. The Ivsplanade mine is the picturestjue feature of Nanaimo. Its loft) and massive chim- ;.^y pouring fv^rth bl; 1 - smoke all the day long, its great fuinaces and boilers, its magiiiticent engines made by Olix er, at Chesterfield, Kng- hind, and the endless steel cable hoisting the coal cars up from the depths at the rate of half a mile a minute all are striking features to the casual passer by. This shaft goes down for txx) feet, and there .ire over 10 miles of drift pass- ;iges and slopes con- necting with its foot. The engines can hoist i,(xx)tons in 8 hours, besides pumping w.iler if required. 'I'he output i)f the SouthtieU' is to be largelv augmented by the sinking of a third shaft, while the completion of ;i third shaft at the .N'ortlilield will about double its present capacity. .Most of the coal is shipped to San |-"rancisco, siinie ot it, however, going to Southern Califorria, the Sandwich Islands, Oregon, Hritish Columbia, and even ;o the I'uget Sound cities, within sight of the Washington coal field The I'acitic Mail sleaniships are now using it allogethi -. The .- outhern Pacific Railroad use it in part. The t'>.egori Improvemerr Ci>nipany, though a co.il pro- ducer itself, buys the Vancouver coal for its steamships ;ind for its retiiil trade. The (ias C'ompjiny used it exclusively for a few years back, and still draws regular supplies. And from San Krancisco it is shipped to all the towns tributary ti> that metropolis. How tloes It get there.-' In \iiuri^.i;i b '■' itns prin- cipally. Tiie tiarbor o{ Nanaimo is never dv -rU'il, aiul I'll AIH s 11011:1 generally four or five ships may be seen there all after their cargoes of coal. The company alone has over i()o,fXKi tons of shipping under charter, and other ships are chartered by the buyers, or come on their own account. In all, a fleet of 170 steamers and vessels were engaged last year in transporting the coal, with an aver.ige carry- ing capacity of i,f)oo tons. It may be imagined that with such a demand, even the extensive mines of the company are inadequate. Such is the case, and many orders had to be declined, especially during the past year. White laboi only is employed. When the present drifts from the Ksplanade shaft reach the new shaft, at Protectit)n Island, they will be ciiniinued out to sea under the Straits of (ieorgia. In ten years it is thought they will be out three or four miles under the Straits, and still making seaward The other sh.ifts are being started at N'ortlilield and Southlield. The New N'ancouver Ci>mpany's head oflice is in London, and John tials- worthy, I'^sq., is its president. It has branch olVues at San I'raiicisco aiul most ol the coast cities, lis vast interests at Nanaimo are uiukr the control of S. M. Robins. I'^sq., the gen- eral superintendent. This V 's the first com- pany to introduce di i- niund boring appliances on the Pacific coast. It has put dmvn altogether 2_?, feel (nearly live miles) iif bore holes. It runs over V) engines, ot which sever. il have bectl made by the .\lbion Iron Work-., i>f \'icti>ria. One hundred and forty mules p.iss a n'elancli.ilv existence in the bowels >.■>( the earth. The empltiyees of the company number about i,4(xi. The miners work about eight hours a day, and are almost universally contented and prosperous. The ciimpaiiy have rarely had any disputes with their employees, nor do they intend that the miners shall have just cause for complaint. I am indebtevi lo the courtesy oi .Mr. Robins, and, tliriiugh him. Mr. Win. .Mctireg>r, for an instructive trip through Shalt \o. 1, and must say that the pra'.se bestowed on every hand at N.inaimo, upon the company's m.inagement, speaks well of the policv i.''^ Mr. Robins' .'tdmiiiislr.'ition. .Manufactuie has been encouraged, and everything possible is being ilone by the ciimpany which can l>e done to make N.in,iiiiu> a gre.il cilv. ii.VMii.ios I'ovvnm wukks. The works ,it i!u' llamillon Powder Cvimp.mv are situated at Norlhlield, about four miles from Nanainuv, upon a ids-.icre reserve of land, .iboul 5110 jarils from the i'.oi.nsrK!:A\i. 1 •* r -^MiM "• ^^ ^."■"«* < rr > v. > ■y. 72 VICTORIA /[.LUSTRA TF.D. A ' main Wellington road ; the E. & N. Railway track being on one side of the property and the New X'ancouver Coal Company's line to Departure Hay on the other. Here are manufactured targe cjuantities of blasting powder, the apparatus, which is of the latest and best, having a capacity of 150 twenty-five pound kegs during the twenty- four hours. The buildings are necessarily of the most substantial description, some of the machinery being very ponderous. It is the intention to enter largely into the production of sporting powder. At Dep.irture Hay, on property secured from the Messrs. Dunsmuir, the company have works for the production of dynamite and Straits of Fuca with those of Georgia, the one the entrance to the I'uget Soimd country, the other the approach 'o the most westerly Uritish possession on the North .American continent. .Ml vessels passing in either direction I're obliged to sail within sight of her, on which account the tju.'en City is the most eligible point for the handling and distribution of cargoes for a very consiiler- able distance on the Norlhern Pacific C"oast. Heavy ocean craft have neither to traverse the tortuous Haro Catial, nor the equally difficult Rosario Strait, to reach X'ictoria, while under more satisf.ictory commercial and shipping arrangements it could not fail to be more advantageous. i-;. i;. I'KIOK .\M) 10., HAUDUAUI. AND I AKMlSu i Mill \ri: V TS. Other high explosives, the demand for which is very con- siderable. The general manager in Mritisli Columbia Tor this influential company is .Mr, H. J. Scott, whose office is on Wharf Street, \'ictoria. TRANSPORTATION FACIUTIIIS. Although Victoria is situated upon an island, anil by those processes which are peculiar to diplomats has been separated by a considerable distance frimi the Mainland of the I'rovince of which the Island of N'ancouver forms a part, no one can fail to be impressed wilh the command- ing position which she occupies at the junction of the and much more safe, tv' tranship cargoes at some pouit such .IS this, and lighten them to and fri>m the dilVerent pi'ints of distribution along Ailmiralty Inlet, and from one end of the Souiul ti> ihe other. Indeed, tho Americans li.ive fully recognized this, and le.iding cili/eiis h.ive not been slow li> declare that, but lor the accident of geographical, or rallier territorial, location, Victoria would be the most impi>rlant sea pi'rl on ih • Pacific, north of San Francisco, l-'ailing ol this pre-requisite, there are m.iny patriotic cili/ens of the adjoining Republic whi> have fixed (heir eyes upon .Anacorles and Port (Jardner, while others li.ive tii-ned Iheir atteiilion to Porl .\ngeles, on the Straits. >-M---— ^. ^ VICTORIA ILLUSTRATED. 73 I * The C'.in.Kli:iii Pacific Railway is connected with that, had he lived, this railway would have now been built, Victoria by means oi steamers runiiin(j; to Vancouver and and that the line to the east via Bute Inlet, of which he New Westminster. Victoria turnishes C"an;ula's overland was the chief promoter, would he well oi, the road to corn- railway with the (greater proportion of the throuj^h freij^ht pletion. to and from the Coast. The Northern Pacific and the So far as railways arc concerned, Victoria's pooj^ra- Union Pacific systems are also connected with Victoria by phical situation is such that any line building to the Straits palatial steamers, furnishiiij^ a continuous daily service. or Coast lor ;i hundred miles north or south of X'ictoria The former road receives a tair proportion of the freij,'lu to will directly benefit this city. and from this point. The I'nion Pacific will in the course T'le Canadian Pacific Navifjation Company, besides of the next two years advance do-, 'r to X'ictoria than any operating; the steamers connecting' with the Canadian other railway, the line now being hi'ilt to the north from Pacific Railway, also run a line of boats along the northern Portland and along Hood's Canal, which will terminate at coast to the .Alaska boundary, giving Victoria connection Port .Angeles, twenty miles opposi;e Victoria, in the with all points of trade on N'ancouver and Queen Charlotte Straits of Kuca. The Great Northern Railway is pushing Islands and Mainland. .An occasional steamer is also towards the Co.ist, and .vill be conii' ed by steamer with dispatched to the west coast of Vancouver Island, to the X'ictoria at the near- est available point Anacortes or Port (iardner. It is the aim of X'ictoria to fulfil the first intention of the Canadian liovern- ment, and connect itself with the east by means oi a rail- way, running north on the I s 1 a n d 1 1> Seymour .Narrows, crossing by bridge to Kute Inlet, and thence by the old C. P. R. route to X'elK>\\ head Pass and the east of the mountains. .A rail- was is now being built tinv.ird ihe mountains, ".hich is expected to finally terntinale at X'ic- toria. That city stands prepared to lUAii Oil 11 1:, i!.\NK 111- )u>ntri:ai,, montri-.m., p. g. .Alberni settlement. This is becoming so well settled that a regular service will shortly be inaugu- rated. The steamships of the C. P. R. and Upton linesgiveX'ic- toria frequent com- munications with Japan and China. The Chinese head- quarters for British Columbia are here, and an extensive trade is done with the Orient. Goods by the I'pton line destined for Puget Sound are tranship- ped at this port. The E. & N. R. R. Co. make regular connections with Co in ox and way ports on the e.'ist coast bvthe steamer encourage the project with a cash bonus and otherwise to Isabel. .A fast and handsome steamer is now being built by them at the .Albion Iron Works, of this city. ICnglish staple goods and liquors are brought here by a fieet oi fast sailing ships, the n oyage from Kngland via Cape Horn taking from uxo to 150 d.iys. These ships are principally loaded with a return cargo o\ canned salmon, shipped from this port. This direct ICnglish trade is o( consiilerable importance to X'ictoria. .A lleet of small steam and .>^ail craft connect with all minor points along the coast and islands I'rom the foregoing it will be seen that X'ictoria's the extent of over two million di'llars. Ihe 1^. & N. Railway furnishes communication with all points between this city and Nanaimo and Wellington. Within the next year it is the intentiim Ko connect the Saanich Peninsula oi this Island with X'ictoria by means of a si.indard s'''^'^'"' ''■■ electric r.iilway, and run steamers from its terminus to the islands and M.iinl.md tiuvns, con- necting with the American railway system. The Pi'rt Ciescent lmpro\ement Company will build a line south from Port Crescent tii connect with the Northern Pacific Railway running to Gr.iy's Harbor, and transportation facilities are first-class, and much better oria. oper.itinL' than am other pi>int in the Priw ince. These tacilities will fnim the north side of the Straits into sleame rs ami ferrv ti' make the connections between the constantly be added to by land and water. XVhen a two rail ends. 'This w.is the scheme priijected b\ the late trans-Pacific line is established with Puget Sound t' lion. R. Punsmuir, and there is every rea.son to believe po rt will of iiecessitv be the first and last port of call, and ^^mmmi^ ■Ji,aiiiiSpmi^/ffiSfiiJiiSiSitii^^ 74 VICTOR r A r/J.USTRA TED. the siimc is true should the line of steamships between Victoria sealers amounted to 2414^^ skins, twenty-two Canada and Austraha be inaiifjurated. The t'aciiities for vessels having cleared for Mehrin^' Sea from this port. dockintj the larj^est steamers atloat, and for handlinf^ their There were en),'af;ed in sealinjj in |8S<) twenty-iwo carfjoes at R. P. Rithet & fo's docks, are imeiiiialleil on Victoria vessels, and ten forei^fH craft, incliidinj; one the Coast. The axerage depth of water in the b.isin at carryiri); the lierman fla(f. The Victoria ves.scls had a value of $20 men. The catch amounted as follows: .Sprint^, »>,()i 7 ; .Sand I'liinI, dead low sprini^s is twenty-eifjht feet. THK SEALING INDUSTRY. The import.ince of the seaiinj; industry of N'ictiiria is so i^freat and so well recoj^^nized that it does not require extended notice in these pa^es. It is less than twenty- five years since the sealinjj industry attained any promin- ence, prior to which time the whole business w.is in the hands of the West Coast and Queen Charlotte Island Indians. In iS8(i the small schooner K.ite went sealinj^ and trading as the venture of a company of Victorians, but from all accounts she did not accomplish much. However, from this period the business bej^an to. iniount to something;, prominent amonfj those who were inter- ested in those days beinjj Captains J. D. Warren, VV. Spring, .\. I.aiiif^ and J. P. MacKay. Cnii! i.SSo, how- ever, the Victori.i fleet only included at the most a half dozen sessels, none of them visitinjj Behrinjj Sea. In 1 88 -5 the X'ictoria I-'leet was made up of nine vessels, but until 1.SH4 .lone of them en- tered Hehrinj; Sea, keeping' outside the three-mile limit. In the succeedinjj years the interest attracted much more attention, additional vessels were built, and schooners and hunters were brou^'ht alon^; from Nov.i Scoti.i. Since iSH() the .\merican ofTicial worrinients have been continually practised, on which account the existing,' modus vivtiidi has been eiilcred into, and the Sealing Commission appointed. Probably there is no ni.in in the Province better posted with respect to this entire business than the present able and courteous Collector of Customs, .Mr. .A. R. .Milne, of \'ictoria, and to him thanks are due for inlormation and statistics. In 1SH7 the Victoria sealinj;^ lleet numbered twenty-one vessels, of which five were seized by the notorious cutter, the Richard Rush. Amon^; the seizures that year was that of the W. P. Sayward, the c;ise of which is now before the Cnited Slates .Supreme I'ourt. In i.SHS the total catch of the 8,012; Hehrinjj; .Sea, 20,381 ; tot.il, 35,310. In i8<)o twentv-nine C'anadian vessels, v:dued with thei"- outfits at $2!)5,i».S5, and employin;,^ (178 men, comprised the se.ilin^j fleet. They returned, havin)^ made catches as follows : Coast, 4,()5o ; Sand Point, it),732 ; Hehrin^j Sea, 18,105; tot;d, 3<),547 skins. Six foreijjn schooners, which had t.aken 4,148 skins, disposed of them to Victoria mer- chants, who thus handled 43,fK)5 seal skins that sea- son. In i8<)i the number of vessels which went out from this port was much lar^fer, beinjj forty all told, of a value, with their out- fits, of $448,450, and c.irry- '"K .174 hoats and canoes, with ()(i() white men and 3<)8 Indians. T h e c a t c h was 5,0,4 1 7 skins, including 4. ' 27 Coast catch, 17,443 Sand Point, and Hehrinj; Sea 28,7()8. This, it will be at once apparent, is a very small catch, considerinjj the number of schooners and men emplojed, and is attri- butable to the repressive measures adopted by the Hritish and Cnited States (iovernm-nts. The catch per vessel w.is, thus, it: |8<)(), equal to i,3*>3 skins per \essel, while for i8<)i it reached only 1,050. ST. .\M)Ki:w s ( K. I AIUKDKAt. TiiK followint^ statement shows the number of letters, post cartls ,iiul neusp.ipers, e(c., posted at Victoria durinj; one week In the undermentioneil \ears: Tiunsienlv Ve.ir. IaMIits. I'l ■St C.ii.K. II. . IS.SJ f>,oi4 I'O*! 7.4>J" I.S.S4 I. .,824 , iKXji I2,96j. 1SS6 14.916 1SS7 i(>,<>>7. ISSH IJ,JI9 I.HX9 I.J,«tA . |S9» 14.9»9 1891 19,184 k>, l'.l|H Kic. 469 . 204 ....... . J66 889 . 710 I,2t8 499 979 . 616 2)219 6uminenlly connected with the New Westminster aiul X'icloria press ; was elected mayiM ot the former city in 181)4, '"''^' '''' presentid the district i.i'i that name in the l.e^^islative Council froi'i iH^i) to liSjo, in which latter year lie w.is returned for Nanaimo, hi-, connection with which ho m.iin- tained until TS7:;. lie w.is returned for New Westminster District at the ^'eneral election of iHsen to repre- sent |-;si|uimalt in the .Assembly in i.S,Sj, and has retained his seal ever since. He was appoinleil Speaker ot the I-eijis- lature iiv 1SK7, which he resi)^ned in .Xuj^ust, iSSi), to be.'ome President i>f the l.ei^isl.ilive Council. He is .1 b;irris|or-.it-law , etc. Hon. J. II. Turner, Pro\inual Minister oi I'"iiiance, was born in Ipswich, l-'.nj^land. in i.Sj.j, He arri\ed in the M.iritime Provinces close upon forty years aiji', cominij to British Columbia in iSiij. He w.is elected to the I'ily louncil of Victoria in 1S7J, where, havnif^ served twii terms as councillor, he had the honor ^.-^i occupviii);; the mayor's chair three times in succession. He is head ot the wholesale hi'use oi Turner, MeetiMi iS: C"i\, ,iiul has occupied .1 number o{ honored pivsilions in the f^ift ot his follow citizens. He was relumed to the l.ef^islative .Assembly for the *.'ity o\ Victoria in i.S,S(), and has served as I'inance Minister ami Minister oi .Atiriculture durin;^ the .\1K. 1. i;i.\W)Kl lis , Scc'y BiVinl of Tmdc. respective ailmlnistrations of Hon. .A. K. H. Davie iind I Ion. John Robson. Hon. T'orbes Geor^-c V'ernon is ;i native of Ireland, his birthplace, in 1H43, beinf,' Clonlarf Castle, County Dublin. He received a commission in the Royal Mnj^ineers in iHt)^, but without joininj^ his ref,'iment came over to Dritish Columbia, where he acquired l.'irj^e a^jricultural and miniii},' interests. He became member in the l.ef,'isla- lure for Vale in 1H75, ;ind from iH7() to 1S7S was Commissioner of Lands and Works. He was not a can- didate to Parliament in 1HH2, but in iH.Sf^j and 1S90 he af,'aui was the recipient of the confidence of the electors. In i.S.S(> he was appointed Commissioner of Lands and Works, which portfolio he has since ret.-iined. Hon. Theodore Davie was born at Hri^hton, .Surrey, lvnf,'land, in iH^j, and was called to the bar of Hritish Columbia in 1H77, beinj,' jippointed (J. C. in 18H8. He was first returned to the Legislative .Assembly for Victoria City ;it the election of 1882, succeedintj his brother, the Hon. .A. |{. H. Davie, ;is .Attorney- (ieneral in .Auj^ust, 1889. He was elected for Cowichan at the elec- tions of i8go. Hon. David Williams Hiij^ins, Speaker of the Provincial Lefiisla- ture, was horn in Halifax, N. S., in 1834, and in 1855 settled in San l"rancisco, where he devoted him- self to journalism, beinj^ promin- ently connected with the establish- ment oi the I'all. In 1858, bein^'^ possessed by the gold fever, he started for the Fraser River, whence on his return trip he became ccn- nected with the V'ictori.i Colomst, iif which he was editor and pro- prietor, but abandoned journalism when, in 1886, he was el-cted to Parliament for the Rsquimalt Dis- trict, and became Speaker, in suc- cession to Hon. C. v.. Pooley. Mayor Grant, .M. P. P., was born at .Alford, Scotland, in 1841. He came out to Ontario with his parents in 1853, arriving in Hritish Columbia in 18(12, being associated with .Mr. G. H. Wright, the well- known contractor. He was at the Cariboo and the Peace River .Mines for some live or six years, and also h.id much to do^in constructing and superintending the building oi public roads. In 187!) he became member of ;i business hrm in Cassiar, to which he still belongs. Ciitil the last general elections he had been member for Cassiar in the Provincial Parliament ever since 1882, but in i8 he became the choice oi a m;iji>rity oi the citizens of Victiiria, oi which he has been the Chief Magistrate since 1887. Alderman W. D. McKillican was born at \'ankleet Hill, Ontario, in 1830, and began the duties of life .is a carpenter. .After traveling through the Western States, without liiuling a resting place, he reached the Kootenay, but mining had few charms for him, so he pushed \>\\ to V'ictviri.i, where he arrived in 1871, entering at once on the business o'i contracting. The firm oi McKillican and .\nderson, .is it to-day exists, was formed in 1878. Mr. McKillican has been for six year^ > the City Council, a portion oi which time he has served at the head of the Kleclric Lighting Committee. 76 VICTORIA IlJ.rsTRA TEH. AlJerm.'iii A. J. Smith is a Scolchmaii from " Edin- boro toiin," wli.i cam.' to \'ii-toria in 18)2, hciii); tor a leiifjtlKMUHl pjrivul coniioclcJ with the saw mill interests of Piifjct S.niiul aiul Miirrard Inlet. In 1H7J ho bo^an busi- ness with tho lato Mr. li. J. Clark as jiiincrs, hiiiklors aiul contractors ; but, six years as^o, i.^n the death of his part- ner, he assum^'il the entire business, which he has most successfully conducted, som.- of the principal buildings of the city beinj.^ monuments of his skill. He has been in the Council for tlu* p.isl ssven years and presides over several important committees. Alderman John Coughlan is an Irishman by birth and head of the brick-makin;,' hrm of Cou^jhlan & Mason. lie is mana^in^ director of the Pacific .Asphalt C"o. ; his estab- lishment bein}^ also a;;ents for other inventions used in connection with buildim; and street pa\iiii;. Mr. CiiUi^h- lan was first elected to the City Council in 1HH7, and has alwavs been i>\\ the side i>t substanti.d impri>vements. The .Mderman, if he have any hobby, it is that oi securing; for the city the best possible supply of water Marechal l'olle>,'e and the University of .\berdeen he took a hi^h pii-iition in ih-' ililVerent d.'iiartm.-nts if his studies. The natural bent of his inclinations bein^j towards civil ,iiul mechanical en^'ineerin^' he devoleii himself ti> that profession, in which he attained hif^h proficiency, lie sailed Irom Southampton in 18)4 tor Uritish I'olumbia, ^oiiij.; at i.y\\C\: ti> the I'ariboo mines, where he remained lor about se\ en years, having' had li\el\ experiences o{ all that pertains to a miner's and prospector's life, lie was the fust white man to cross the I'ine kiver Pass, having; command oi the party which explored that tl en unknown country. He was chief en).;ineer, and |iersonally superin- tended the survey for the I), it N. I\. K, , and since the construction of that road has had its f,'eneral superintend- ence. .\fter lonfederation he was one of the hree ori^ji- nal members to the Hritish Columbia Parliiiinent his consiiuiency bein^ Cariboo and now, in addit'on to his position in the City Council, represents C'oniox in the Provincial I.e^fislature. .Mderman (.'. !•'. Renouf was born in Jersey, one '•1^ \ i Alderman John (Jock| Robertson is one of the oldest the Channel Islands, ,ind c.ime out to this Western countrv members of the t'ouncil Ho.ird. Me is a Scotchman, hail- in iHjc), beiii),' for lour years in the employ of the llaslin^'s \\\^ from Blair .\thol, Perthshire, and is just abvxit sixty .Mill C at what IS now th e cilv o f \ iincouver. l'"rom years ot aj;;e. vears since. Kc to N'ictoria close upon thirtv iRS: itil i.SMs he was with Messrs. K. P. Kithet X: ^\\ He bej.;an as a horse-shoer and he was a l>'rmiii(.j in the latter year a partnership with Mr. J. f^ood one, too and after working in several subordinate Nicholles, the linn beiui; the well-known harilware house capacities each one an advance on the last he is li>-d.iy ^^i Nicholles X: Kenouf He is ;i prominent aiul active at the head of his own extensive boiler-making and black- member of the W. I'. .Aj^ricultural Societv, and durinj^ the smilhinj^ (the Caledonian) works. He has been in the present ye.ir entered the City C'ouiicil as member for iales City t'ouncil for , umber of terms ; is President yii (he Street W'.ird. bein^; I'li.iirmaii ol the cilv l-'iiiai St. .Andrew's and Caledonian Societies, and occupies the proud position of a representative Scolsmai until. Aide Joshua Hollaiul came from Shropshire, Island, .Alderman H. A. .Munii hails from Prince lulvvard ij^laiul, where as born in iKhi. II e arriveil 111 Wii builder bv Iraile, but lavin^' been born in (Jueen's County about ihirlv i>. Me received a liberal education .iiul obl.iiiieil first-class teacher's ,ind commercial di|il plomas. ame to this citv, ami for about three vears was In iHH: he toria in iKHj, having previously spent some time nipe^ during; the boom. He is a builder by trail at present a niember of the real est;ite hrni of Morrow, ^,.,|| .,(■ ,1^. •• s'tandard " newspaper, I'eavinj,' it to become Holl.tnd it K.'o. He has sal in the Citv Council since iHi|i) iiK-ntitied with the " Tinu for Johnson Street Ward, and has served on a number of ihaseil from .\Ir. Mcl.air.i the principal executive committees es," his interest in which he pur- few months since he abaii- iloned journalism and is now lar^,'ely interested in real Alderman Joseph Hunter is an .Mierdonian, having' estate, beiii),' ;i member w'i the linn oi Morrow, Holland first seen Ihe liy;ht in his native Scotch city in i.S.jj. ,\t it Co. He is also a partner in the rising; drufj house ol l/( 7'i MV. / //.l.rSTK. I TED. 77 of C'lK'lirano it Miinii, hi'>Klos bolii)^ loniu'flocl with his hrntlK-r, Mr. |). J. Miiiin, in scvoial i iipurlaiil hrasoi River caiiiKTii's. Mr. Mimn is a yoiiii>4^ man of the tnust I'nlorprisinjj iliaraclcr, diil^ nf the most j^ciiial i>t men, and, witlial, has mikh ol' that native talent m ailihtion to that appheatiiin ami persistencv which are essential to men in public life. Alderman !•". t>. Kiehards, thini|,'li of Mn^'lish parents, was born in nod(,'e\ ille, W'iseonsin, in i^S.S. his people havin^j^ only recently arri\ed out from lui^'land. I'he family came to Victoria in i.Si)j, the subject i.-;rants made for its ciinsiruction. He may be said to have been the founder of the Nanaimo coal interest. He was a most enterprising,' citizen, and was priniiinentl) connected with most of the public undertakirif^s of the province. He waselected to the Provincial Legislature in iHHj, bein^' appointed President o'i the Council in .\u),'ust, 18H7. He estate, loan anil insurance business, and at the late nuniici- pal election w.is chosen as a member oi the City C'ouncil. He is also a Pid^lic School Trustee. Thomas Marie, M. P., thou^jh \.-^i Irish parenta^'e, is a native Canadian, the pi. ice o\ his birth'hax ing- been Leeds, Out. He is a well-knoun merchant, and has served as a member oi the lilv Council and in the C'ouncil of the !!. (.'. Hoard o\ Irade. lie was returned to the House oi I'ounnons in l'>ctober, iS.S((. and was re-elected last year. He has been entrusted with a number K^i important duties bv the people, and has alw.ixs t'.uthlully fullilled his trust. Lieut. -C"ol. lulward tiawler Prior, M. P., was born at l)allowj;ill, Norkshire, linijland, in 185.V He practiced as a mining' enijineer and surveyor in H. C". for a number of vears, subseiiuent to which he became Inspector of Mines. He is an enthusiastic \olunteer, is an extra .\. U. f. to the tiovcrnor-Cieneral, and commanded the Canadian was re-elected at the },'eneral elections ot i8,Si), and con- tinued to sit in the I.ejjislature until his death. Mr. Robert Paterson Rithet was born at ICcclesfechan, numlVier hire, Scotland, where he received his education. Cominij to Hritish Columbia he entered the house of Sproat iV C'o. , whose book-keeper he became. That business beitiij bou^'ht out b\ .Mr. Welch he became a partner in the new firm, now known as Welch & C"o. , oi San Fran- cisco, and R. P. Rithet it Co., of X'ictoria, limited. C">f both these establishments he is now the head ; the latter havuii; a short time since become a joint stock company, with .1 capital stock of S5(x),ixx). He is lartjely interested in tlie sui^'ar trade with the Sandwich Islands, and has extensi\ e interests in steamboat enterprises ; owns the I-lnderbv I-"lour Mills, and to him and his foresij^'ht is due the present capacity of the outer wharf, which he owns and has fitted, at j^reat expense, for the accommodation of -^'i 7« V/CTORfA IU.VSTR.\Ti:n. I ; \ I w vessels oft he ilccpi-'s' ilrmifiht. Mr. Riilici has hooii a l''.ria, as well as I'resi- ilent 111" the Mrilish Columbia Hoard ol Trade, of \vlio-.e council he i> ,\\\ honored and inlliiential member. Mr. Uohert Ward, J. P., tor the past tour years Presi- dent of the H. C'. Hoard of Trade, started his conimereial career in this city in 1S71, heinj^^at that time in the employ of Messrs. WelJh, Rithet & Co. In iHHi Mr. Ward was running; his own business, and soon the inte^jrity anil ability ^•''i the lirni jjave them hold of lar^'e interests and many excellent ajjeii- cics. Mr. Ward is ajjent for ni> less than six li rsf -class insunuice companies. liiiH7(ihe was appointed Consul for Sweilen and Nor- way. He has been a member of the Hoard of Trade since its foun- dation ; he is a Maj^is- trate for the province, a I'ilot.if^e C'ommis- sioner, and Manaf,'in).j Director oS. the H. C". Corporation, liinited. Won. Robt. Heaven was bi>rn at I.eijjh, StalTordshire, Ivn^. , in i.S^() ; was educated in Torimto, and came to this pri>yince in iHhz. lie was a meichant in \ictoria, and was ;i member of the Cio\ ern- ment of the province from December, 1K7J, until January, i.S;!). He was appointed a liold C'omniissioner in 1H73, and became .Min- isterof I'"inance in 1H7K. He was Premier of the province Irom June, iS.Sj, until January, iSiS^, when he resign- ed. He was promin- ently connected with the union movement in li^'iH, and is at pres- ent leader of the Pro- \ incial Opposition, ha\ ing been in t he House continuously since 1871. Dr. C;. I.., Milne was born in .Morayshire, Scotland, in iH^o, re- ceiving his education at .Mealord, Clntario, to which his parents came in i'"^.S7. He graduated at the I'lironto School of .Medicine in iHSr of Customs, is a native of Morayshire, Scotland, and is in his lifly- ninth year. He is one of the most polite and obliging gentlemen in the public service, nevertheless he is one ^^i the most particular of men in reipuring due observance of all the duties and obligations for which the law and depart- K. r. Wll.l.l.VMS, I'l Hl.lslll K AM) UllOKIUMU K. m.Mii.il practice provide, hlarly in life Mr. .Milne came with his parents to C^ntariii, and some years later came out ti> this proxince in search of good fortune at the golil mines. In 1H74 he entered thi- service of the Canadian (ioverninent in tlie Departmei i i>f C'usloms, rising to the positii>n oi .\ppraiser in iH.S;;, neing, in 1SH7, g-azelted one o'i the H.iard I'l Dominion .Appraisers. In |HH<) he was appointed to succeed Mr. Hamley in the Customs C"ol- lectoisliip at \'iclc>ria. where his natural abilities, his thorough aci|uainl,iiKe w 1th his duties, and his unremitting attention to business have gained lor him the high appreiialioii of the gi>xeriiment anil ol the public. Probably .Mr. Milne is onM of the best posted men on this coast on the sub- ject oi seals, which has causeil so much fric- tion and unple.'is.int- ness between the peo- ple of C'anada and of the I'nited States. .Mr. .A. C. Klumer- fell, \ice-President of the Hoard of Tr.tde, w.is born near Toron- to, but spent his early life ill the ti>wn of Co- burg. Having settled in Winnipeg he, in 1S75, established I h e li r s t wholesale slu>e house West ol Toronto, that kiu>uii ,is the lirm iii W. II I g g i n s it Co. Ha\ii)g withdrawn Irom that concern he I'pened a w holesale shoe bu-iness in Win- nipeg in iH7((, nil his ow n act oiinl. In i,S.S^ an amalg.im.ilion was formed ol IiImiwu ware- house and thatot Ames I loldeii iV to. , of .Mon- lieal, the business of Higg^ins it Co. being also aci| ui red. .M r. l-lumerlelt arrived in \ ictoria in the inter- ests of his lirm in i.SHli, and has since remain- ed, aci|uiring the con- fidence and esteem \.ii his fellow business men, by whom he was elected to various of- \ ice-Presidency i>f the Hritish Tu es ,inil linally to the C oluinbia Hoard ^••'i Trade. Postmaster Shakespe.ire was born at Hrierly Hill, StalTordshire, Ivngland, in lK^<>. He came out lure m January, iWi,?, and was lor some months engageil at Nanaimo in Mr. Dunsmuir's collieries. C^n coming to N'icu'ria he had considerable business success, and served as a member of the City C'ouncil for four years, becoming .Mayor in 1HH2. He was I'resident of the Mechanics' Insti- tute, and has been for some years at the head of the H. C". Tire .Association. He was elected to the House of Com- VICTORIA HJA'STRA TKH. 79 mons in iHHi, ind rf-w;lcctcd in \W>-j. hi'in^j appniiitfil to the Victoria I'vistmiistorsliip in the lu>»! nanu'd )car, Mr. Joshua Davics was horn in 1M4I) in Australia, hut, when three years of a^,'e, was taken to t'ahlornia. Here he received a hheral commercial etiucation, and when, in i8>neer .Mr. Davies is unexcelleil, while hi.s well-known character (rives him a very hi^jh place four milling' business at Saanich and San hVancisco, sub- sei|Uently entering' into p.irtrership with .Mr. Hrackman in the S.ianich Mills, of the incorporated company conlrol- inj; which, he is now President, He h.isheen prominently connected with the H. t'. .\j,'ricultural Society, of w liicli he was I'resiilent l.ist year, and duiin^,' his term of olllce suc- ceeded, with the assistamre of the Hoard of Directors, in securing' the present eli^jible ),'roimds and pultiii),' up the ma^'ificeiit building's upon them. He isan mer^^etic mem- ber of the t'ouncil iria's most noteworthy citizens. He is Presi- dent of the Koy.il Jubilee llospit.il. Mr. l"harles H.iyward came to X'ictinia in iS()2, from his home in the town \.A Stratford, I'issex, Ivnj^^land, and immediately entered k^w his trade th.il of a carpenter and contractor, l-'or several years in succession he was elected to the City C"ouncil, and has t.iken a jjreat interest in pub- lic school matters, charitable and other institutions. He has been a member k^{ the School Hoard i)f the city ever since its inception, anil has been Chairman '<^'i that body fi'r the past eif,'ht \ears. He is also \'ice-President of the Royal jubilee Hospital and honor.iry Secretary of the IVi'testiinl I'Mphaiia^'C. Mr. David R. Ker was born in \'icloria in iSdj, where he was educated in the public sclmols. He learneil the I usiness. He came to this city in iS().> the time kA tiie f,'reat influx and bv dint of perseverance and industiv has i;town up .iiiil prospered with the city. In 1.S7S he was elected to the City Council from James Hay Ward, receiv- iiifj the sutVra^es o\ his tellow citizens for the m.iyoraltv in iSH^. He has been President \>i the St. tieortje's Society as well as of the H. C. Pioneer Society, and is one of those men in the city upon whom every one looks with well ilcserved respect and esteem. H. K. Heisterman is another o{ X'ictoria's real estate men. He was born in Hremen, (iermany, in i8_^2, and after beinj,' employed in a commercial house at Dantzii; for a period \.-.alo paints anil ^'lasn hiisiiK'N". will) Mr. John Hanks. In 1H114 Mr. Iloistorinan lievotcil Ins atti-ntions to tlii- hanilliii),' of ri'al I'staU', ami dij a consiilorabli- amount of lil'o aiul liro insuraiui-. Ho was lor inanv voars a iiK-nibiT o( the Hoaril of Sihool Truslocs and also of llu- C'ouiuil o( iho Uritish C'oltiinhia Hiiard of Tradi'. Kriincis Honrchicr, one of the imvst entorprisin); and far-sci-injf men t>f \'i»;loria, is prominently enfja^jed in the real estate business, his interests and eoiuieitions lieini.; \erv extensive. He was born in OeMmshire, I'iri^'land, in iMj;;, and, thirty years later, ha\in>,' travelled extensively in some of the l\)rei(.fti possessions of the L'rown, settled in N'ictoria, becoming; senior partner of the firm ^li Hiiur- ehier, C'riift it Mallelte, IViim whieh he withdrew on the business o( the firm bein^' mer),a'd into that oi the \'an- couver Island Land and liueslment Company, lie is at present eonductin),'' an independent real estate and iruest- menl a(,'eney, particular attention beiii^; p.iiil by him to eligible properties oi\ the Souiul. To tliia Miiiit li.' uililt'il IJK- vnliii' iif ihr ri'al I'Miilv In ihr fuliii.lfil ltiiiii!> iiIhiiiI y.uouiyjo 00 Tiil.ij iiictcaM' >imi' iStji). fis.i'ifi.S 1^ '> ' Kcn'iiurnf Ihr lily fill y«r iTi'liiin list Di'crinlpi'r, iSiji) . .,$ ^■>\,ni im) i:«|iciiililuriMif ihi; tily fill yciUfii liny Jill l).'ciiiilKt, iSip . l>il,.t7li i«i .\nMrlit lltl PcoiMiilirr, IS90 $'i7^.7|i>in I.i.iliililii-> ji«l l)ri'ciiilH.'r, liigu., )ii),iijj lyj lktl,iiice liver Lialiiliilc* flfi.lliO) IlKMs HI- KKVKNl'r.. Kriini Wnlrr KiMili $ 4 ),Aci | 7(1 l\l-.ll I'Slillr Tiix . ... li«), ^60 51) I r.ulf Li.-iMM-. il.6i)J 50 I.ii|iiiir Liii'iiKC. 17,515 t«i I'liinl >'iill>'i:iiiini, iirilinary Miurccii 224.^11 -inch mains frotr. the lakes. Mr. I'Vederic lllwortliv. Secretary of the Hoard of Trade, liaiK from Taunton, Somersetshire, Iviigland, where he was horn in iX^\. .\fter serviii),' an apprenticeship to the dry (.joods trade in London, he lelt tor India in 1H7J, where he was eiu.;a).jeil for some time in responsible posi- tions in connection with the tea pl.intations. In iHHh he left India for San l-'raiicisco by way of China, where, after beiiif^ some time employed in the tea trade, he came to \icloria, obtaining; an en^jagemen! with .Mr. Joshua Davies, beinf^ in July, last year, appointed to the position he now occupies in cinnection with the j^real commercial orj^anizalion of the province. MUNICIl'AI. .STATISTICS. The subjoined fi).jures in regard to the city of \'ictori.i, from a municipal point ol view, will doubtless prove to be of interest : AssesM-il value iif rial |irii)M;rly, l8gi . As-sessccl value iif real |)rii|K,-rly, |S9> Incrense, iSyi $1 7,5(1 ),I4S 00 ■ ■ ■ 9.J*>7,'KJO <>,? ; the sinking fuiul already accrued amounting to $1)4,^25. Jo, on account of outstanding ilebenlures of S^I.S.oo"' The water works plant, pipes, mains and other accessuries have an estimated v.ilue of $1 ,^()«,i«)o, the I'tlier corporation propertv being worth at least S.jKi,- <»<»2. Incluiling electric lighting plant, lireplanl. City Hall and lots; approximately the entire civic asset is roughly placed at over S2,(k)u,ixxj over and above the assessed valuation of the cily. The he.ilth of the cily is wonderfully gooil. the per- centage o( deaths to population being among the lowest in the Dominion, and not more than twelve deaths per thousand. However. Ivi still further improve this excellent coiiditiiMi of matters, extensive sewerage works are under way, uiuler the direction of .Mr. Mohun, C I'.., whiili con- template the laying ot about sixty miles of sewers at schedule rates. No. of volumes in public library, over <>,5ix) ; average daily circulation, 125. i i flH IM ■ iiBiiiiMroifinTfrr"'*— *'^""''''''^*'^^^ 7,(100 on 00 $IS,l')<..Sl^ <" ,,$*M,i4l oo C)l,47(> uo Sji,liiJ uo • •$ 4.l/>".» 7«' .. ic)(>,56<) 5() ii.fn)] 50 I7.V5 '«• ia4.7Ji 9<> ii>.7')5 txj .iii'i W(>rks, niiiiiis ui-ro niiiiiis Irmi' |iv I Ik- Wilier icr;il aiiounl ail orilinary aily aciTiK'il iMitNtaiKlin^' , pipes, mains it Si ,5(>n,iKX), east S.1K1,- iil. lily Hall ■t is rini^hly tlie assessed uhI, the per- ^ the lowest e ileaihs per this exeellent rks are uinler w liii li enn- ui' sewers at «loo ; avera^;e 17< TORIA ILL US TH. I TKn. Hi TKADI". AND MAMJ lACIU KI.S. FOI.I.OWINd are brief references to various leading; business houses ami tnaiiuraetories of X'leloria, to- jfelher with some facts eoiKeriiinj; the men who own and manaf^e them : Al llloN IKilN WilKK't. riii> iniincnv csl:ililUhnifnl Wit* roiimleil in 1M6I, iimlir llu' tii.in.i^i'. mini iif Mr. J. Spr.ill, wlm rarrinl ll mi »illi N.iryiiin »m'< i">< iinlil 1HS2, wlirii it «.(•> nu't),'iil iiitn llif iircvnl o>in|iaii)', for llu' inirixwit of irun fiiiiiKUri, i'n|;iiiiTi>, Ijoiloiiiiiki is, anil inaniirai liiirrN uf inariiu' ami laml i'nt;ini">. ('"li lanniii^ ami iiiinni|{ mn lilncry, liyilraiilii K'""!"! I'lj"! <'■<' Till- nuniuny was iiii ur|«itali'il hIiIi a lapilal sIik U ui $5iX),(K>, mih- half of Mhiih it fully |>ni. Mr. |aiiu-H I >unMiniir wa> iln lol fri'siilinl, K. I'. KiiluM Viri' I'li'iiiltnl, mill \V. !■'. Uullrii Sirnlary aiul Maiiatjir. Sinie llii' lni'raii'in aH a i'iini|>.iny, llu'ir Miici'« ha* Torn iiniiiiirrtiplt'il, ami lliiy have U'ln iiMi(;iil In Iniria^c lluir faiililics fur inaniifarliirin);, mi llial iiciw llii'y ran iiiin|Mli' ■.urrcs^fiilly in innit iiriKluiliins »illi ihc .San Kranciirii niiil lunliTn firms. Their |irinilwt mi Chmham ami Slorc Sirii'ls iKTiipy Ihri'i' anil a half airi's of lanil. The I'luiriiimis amnunt of ci^hly Inns iif |>i|; irmi |>cr niniilh, rc|>ri'M-nling one millimi nine hiinilriil anil Iwcniy Ihniii^inil |kiuiiiIs |i«r year, tiicetlicr wilh fi.ur Inns nf iii|i|irr |Ki niniitli. Is usfil, anil Ihi' ■(• fii;nrrs (;ii e an iilta iif ihc nia^nituik- nf ihe liiisinrss ilnm- liy llii- i'nin|Mny, In iK8(jlhrir Iiunuu-ss ainnuntfil In aUitil $i7o,ocxj, whilf in ihe prfst-nt yiar ihe vnlunii; nf liusiness will U- aUiiil $500,000. They em piny snnie Iwn hunilfeil and ihirly men, Ihe »a(;isaninimliin; In finm ihirlein In lifiicn llmus- anililnllars iimnlhly, ami ini|iany, it may lie mentioniHl that it owns the 1,000-liin ship Thermnpyl.v, which is kept constantly employed carry inu rice for this concern from Hannkok, .Sai|;nn and Ijony Koni;, in ihe Kasi Indies, while she returns l.nlen with (Iniir fnr Ilony Kniiu and N'oknhama. WII.I.IAM I'. SAYWAHtl. Mr. Saywaril in one of California'^ "forlynincrs." He was Imrn in .Maine, s|u'iil several years in I'loiida, and in l84r) went In I'anama, and s.iihd in a whale ship fnr (alifnrnia. He was al I'anama when the secnnd I'ai ifh Mail .Steamship arriMil there, .\rrivinn in Califnrnia, he ennayed in laiildiri^, and sulis,sjuenlly ran a hakery al .S.aciamenln, which liusiness al thai lime was almul as lucrative as (;nld nlinill^;. He afterwards ennaKid in the luinU'r trade in San 1-rancisco, reuiaininj; there until 1X58, when he came to Viilnria and entered the lumUr husimss. In 1K61 he started a sawmill al Shawninan, ami ran it until 186X, when he Imill the present one, which is Ihe IksI Incaled mill in \iclnri.i. The ca|>aeily is 45.(XX) feel in ten hnurs, Uinu iom|Nisiil mainly nf small slufTfnr liuililing purposes, while ll.i mill is the laryesl in Viclnria. The lni;> are ({nllen friiin the K.isl Inasi of the Island, and Mr. Sayward owns larne tiinlier claims, which he is keeping; fnr the future. So j;reat is the demand at present that the mill was runnini.; ni^;ht and rlay, culling froni Oo,o00 to 70,000 feel |ier diem. IIKAi KMAN AMI KKK MIIIINii in., I. 'ill. Mr. Ilrackm.in is a native of (iermany, and came to the Coa.st in 1847. .Mr. Ker was Imrn in \'icloria. In 1876 they erecled a flour mill in North Saanich, and ten year* later transferred their head otlice to Victoria, where they have just liuilt a new live-storey mill, with Ijoiler and en(;ine house attach- ctonMs for (jrindiiij; the iliffirent cereals. The second floor is furnishiil with liin.s fnr holding; the differ- ent grains, and on this floor are situated the steel rolls fnr mak- ing rnlleil nats. The oats have In pass thrniij;fi a sjiecial priK'ess nf sieaming iielnre lie-ing mlled, and afterwards dried. <)n the third flour the grains arc parsed through cleaning in.achinery liefnre reaching the him nn the second floor. The top floor is fittiil with m.ichinery for o|>erating the elevator and fnr driving the machinery in the cleaning rtsiin on the floor lielow. The sjiecialties poMluceil frnm this mill are isatmeal, mlleil oats, split |>eas, [H-arl kirli-y, etc. In connectinn with their mill ihty have a wharf, wherel'y there is no handling of any nf the jiriHlucts nf the mill. Nn grains .are handled after they are emptitsl intn the elevator, everything lieing accnmplished hy means nf aulnmatic contrivances. This liuilding, together with the improved machinery used for it, h.as cost fully $jo,ooo. Their mill at Saanich will lie shut dnwn. Iiul ihey will still keep their general stnre at that |siint, together with their warehouses. Mt'lRIIKMI AMI MAN.V. T!ie proprietors of the Victoria Planing Mills commenced Imsiness in 1870, lining a successful luisini-vi frnni the very start, employing now- one hundred men, with a nmnthly |uy-roll of $4,500.00. The sjxcialties of the mill are mouldings, doors, windows, lilinds, house furnishings, special ship-jninery wurk ami general car|ienters' and huilders' work, .a;; also st,iir wcirk. Huring the last year the nutput nf the mill-, h.as Ktm doulileil, and ihey have jusl erecteil a large shed, some 60 x too feet, for the storage of seasoned lumlvr. and are making other and more extensive additions and alterations to their premises inorder to meet the steadily increasing demand for their clxsj, of work. During the |Kisl year they have made large additions, tixi, in the way of |xiwer and Ixiilers, and have also ercctetl a l"ine steam dry-kiln thirty by fifty feet. James Muirhead, of the firm, is 83 VICTORIA ILL USTRA TED. ?;! f' |1 I i i a ii.'Uivf (if Scollaiid, wliic :li he left in 1S57. Iwforu iMiiiiiii; to Victoria in 1862, ho spent the interval iij (!an:itl:i antl North a;»l Smith Arneriea, whe e hL i-arsueil liis preseni !',ic of Ixisiiiess Mr. Jam.'s (\. Mann is also from Seotlanil, whence he came here ilireet ill the year 1862. I.'.MON, CdNASSON \Nll COMI'ANY. This firm is comiioseil of f. Leninn ,11. <1 Aaron and Uenjamin Gonasson. The sash anil door factory of this firm, which is, perhaps, the most improved in Victoria, started iiiniJay in the latter part of ('"ehruary of the prese... year. The mill turns out ,ashes, doors, lilinds, mouldings, mantels, rouj li and dressed lum!)i'r and 'utniniJs of all descriptions. Hand-sawing, as also re-sawinj; or the s[>littinj^ 'tf lh'\:k lumlier, are theif specialties, and the firm carry a lav^e stock iMi iiand of >;lass, both plain and ornamental. They h.ave a No. i kiln for dr/inq I mher hefore manufacturing. The building occupies a sp.ace 50 y. lOJ (eet, ai„', is I'.-aied on the wharf, where hinther can be shipjJed easily by boat, iliere beint; 300 fee', of wat'T frontage. The ftctiiry is two stories and a half in lieigbl, and is crpiipped with det.ached boiler, engine-house, etc. It is also equipped with the finest "•.achinery, including the latest improved 12-inch sticker, a J inch four- ''ookliindin)^ misiness in the Province of Hrilisli Cohimbia, :-;id iiirludes the publishing of the liritish ( ohimbia Directory, which ilales from 1K62 and takes in the whole of the province. The busiacss includes, also, the mak- ini> of rubbci ..amps. .Mr. Williams owns his own building, whiJi is four story and basement, and is a very attr.idive structure ol Ktiuie and brick. II .- has investeil $J5,00O in building and plant, and the full space occupied by his own business is about 5,(>X) square feel .Mr. Williams h;'sa natural gift for and has taken a great deal of pride in his business. He made the first stereotype, first electrotype, first lithograph, and (irsi )ihoioengraving «ver made in the jirovince. Of late years he has invested heavily in real estate, and h.as, in consequence, become wealthy. I.E.IINCIIAM HKOTHKRb. Messrs. W. J. and (1. T. Ledinghani, the founders of this firm, came, six years ago, Irom Toronto, where they served their apprenticeships, anil by hard work have built up the present handsome business, which, initially, IS the manufaclvire of wrviuglit iron into any shape reijuireil, h'rseshoeing and geneial foundry work. To this (hey added that of carriage and vagon manufacturing, making a specially of heavy road w.igons and trucks, wood- ^- ^ sided sticker, also two dituble surface pl.iling iii.ichines, a j6-inei. re saw, and the best s;ish '^•id diMir machir.erv invented. The cap.icity is equ.d to any in the I'lovince of Hritish Columbia. r. S. Ml I Atlllll.lN. Mr. MiT.iughlin isoneofthL new-come's lo \'ictoria, but lia>achie\ed a great success in carriage-bui'ding. of which he inikes .-. sjhm ially of light or heavy pleasure vehicles, lie learned his trade in .New S'ork, ami is a Ihon ,'gh mechanical draughtsman i|i all tliiiigsap|H riaining loioach build ing, having passed through and obtained a certifii'ale in the Teihnic.tl School for Carriage Draughtsmen and Mechanics, of New Vork Cii). I le st.irtiHl in business in Victoria at Kaster la.Si ; en ted a building ami plant at a cost of $i5,r»3, and has since done much work, not only for private cit.'ensbu; for the fire d"partmenl of ihe city .is well, lie iin|-.i-. bis stuck 'or carriages iron Toronto an' the Kasiein Stales, and at pri".eni employs f.ui iiie;i, wlncli niiintier wiii -cry probably be incicised m the ne.ir future, k. I. \M1.I lAMs. M-. Williams w.is lK>rn at l.iKhesii-, New \ ..rk ; is of Kngli^h parentage ; came to \ ictoria in lS5ij ; .pent his n:hi>ol day^ here, and after wards followed ihe trade of Imokbinding. In 1S7J he b iighl out the present business, which w.ii established In lS().', I'o ,|a it s the l.irgest wnik of all kinds and carriage ami sign p.iiiiiing. The present building is a large oiu , situateil on a valuable corner lot of their own, 60 x liO feel, but the demands of itu-ir business j»e siu h as to neressitate. at once, the erection of a mv>re eommiMlioiis structure, 'nd this iluv profMise doing. .\ late iiino\alion to their business is the imjuirlati in lioin ihe McLaughlin Carriage Company of Oshaw.i. I Inlario. of lig|,i :iiid heavy double and single earri.iges. In ad th ir iiMleiiakings ihr) hue U'eii siiei es-lul. and deservedly v», as they are boih thoroughly famib.ii wilh iheir business, and Ih-ir energy antl lhoi..iighiiess h.is biouglii lluin at all limes increasing |.alronage. V \t lilKI \ MAi IIINt 1!V \it liil. The \'ici..ii,i Sl.niiinii ■ Me|sit w,is origiii.\II\ established by Messrs. SpratI iV liray. Ml, .Sprat . 'In founder of tin .\lbii,n Inm Works, is now dead, and Messrs. .\iidrew la ami .\. K. Miinri are the prevnl piio, and has imu ised in ihe yiai |m.i Io $Ii^.uiju. In the p.isi two iirlMik'-. Oil" II 1862 aiHl I, llie m;>k- \vJ\ is fimr imd !)rii;k. CO ncdipifd iii>in ;ialural If niiiclc tlio ,icnnr;nini; ;uily in rual firm, Ciiiiie, (-i>lii|>s, .mil icli, initially, licrscsliciuini; c and va^i>n tucks, wi>0(l- w2 2 = o •< ,,ni liiiililinn i« V .i><.- lining. )„• Mil.aunliliii ^y il.iiilili' and MU(is>lul, and ir ln'^ini'^s, and H1K ~ uu ri-asin^ |„.,| l.y MiNsr*. 1 1 Wnrk-, IS ni'W W hi- I'riMnl I'l'i 3 Inicinl'i; tiiildK- 5 , siihUs of ihf Mai;n'ili.-i Anii i,.| Splii I'ulliys, \ ( .'tui-ary, and Mii< 1 m 1S.S7 111 |l, llll IMsl I»<1 •its < X X ^^.. simMM:'^ ^i 84 VICTORIA ILLUSTRATED. I M years ihcy have, nin KHII. This firm, the owners of the Victoria Brewery, is comjwsed of Joseph Loewen and L. E. Krh. The hrewery was started in the year 1858, but was purchased by them twelve years later, since which time they have made extensive improvements for the brewing of l.iger and liock l)eer, which are ni)w turned out to an extent of fiiur thousand barrels or one hune seen in our pages. The celebrated and beautiful Victoria Gardens are al.vi i)ne kinc. J.icob Sehl, who for wi many years ». as established uodcr his own name, i- a n.itive of (Germany, ami was in the gold mim-s of California for a |>eriod previous !■! his .ulvent at \'icioria in 1858. In the year 1861 he went into the furniture business, and when, in 1879, the tariff on furniture wn». raised from .-eventeen and a half to thirlyltve |XT cent, he commenced manufacturing on liie site of his present store premises. The business iti. rea.wd so fist, hom vcr, lh.at in 1884 he put up a lai|{f manufactory whi. ti, .it the present time, cm|>l<«s y ihi>' storin hiuh, being ' uilt of brick. Thvie are other smaller buildings, including a m'xiern dry kiln, while n warehouse, » l)olning, will sihmi be errfjt-> Ilastic is from Seaforih. Ontario, wheme became aliout iwelv. jents a^^i. In 18K4 he vent into if,.- fuiniiure lai.iia-.s for liiiM»i|f and olheis. Mr. KfHkine j'ii.\i- poii-ii and bla. King, w.ishing sixla, etc., etc. Me sells all along the coast and as far Kast as Calgary. WKII.ER IIRils , sli I K:,Si)RS to JOHN WKIIKK. furniture I small he n'cupving niiM In 1862 John Weiler started up in the upholstery and, i.ib liusin<'ss on (iovernment street. In iSytj. finding his pprmMsi liiiilt a bhH'k on l''ort street, corner Hnioil, anil mowrl uil«> it .Nos. 51, 53 .ui'l 55. In 1884 he erecletl a \mffe fiurltir)- .«i Huiiiimldl street, which he installeil with the latest and must iinproveil niuchinery, and from that time his Ui^iiiess U-giin to assume very l.irge fir ijiort ions. January 31st, |8<)i, Mr. Wnb-r lurnd his business mer to hw four vms, (leorge, Charles, ( Mtoano Iime|ih Weiler, and the biisim-^* had -^ inereawus4> adjoining the si.uf. and there .ire some sixiy-t'm. men eniployt-d in this and the factory, whic'.i latter 'n'oipies alioiit io,ouo feet o| tl.Hir s|)are, while the warehouve ami store premises oci upy 3O,0i«) more. I'hi payrolls uveinge one Ihoiis.iinl dollars ,\ »<-ek, and the business for 18<)I is esliniair'l a", a ipi rlei of a million of dollars. The manufactory turns mil all deM-nplioni .if wckkI work, ineluiling fine interior lini.hing, mantels, othce and s;)li>on fi»tiiri*s, etc. , el.-. Weiirr llros. do also all oi their own upholstering. I'hey Ciirty, l'"i, an iminens.- line of hiinilure of all devriptions, fancy iH i VICTORIA ILL USTRA TED. 85 hiniri- .11 lu- .1.11 S) (rrl. rh.- ,.1, .iiiini; .111.1 (111- ,h)l.- iIh- -I w a . ti{iiiiins .1 -.il.»ii) uurini;. I.i:iiy km \ cnxkcry and (jiass wares, lam|is, omamcnLs, sllvcr-ware ami all kinds uf hiinse f^lrni^hini^ ^.mmIs. Their display of linoleums, oil-cl.ithsand carpets, Ihe latter mostly .if the celeliraicd Criis^ley make, would seem in them- selves to l»e suflicient for a hanil>^tme Imsines^, The firm has heeit a remarkably successful .me, an.l the cut of ifcir warehouse, shown in these paj^es, can yive but a faint idea .>f the immense business traiis.acted within its walls. M. R. SMIIII,' .Senior nietnlier f>f the firm of M. R. Nmith tt Co., c.immenced business in the liread-liakiin; line in the year 1858, carrying en ..perations, with the aid .tf his tw<. sons anil wife, until the [.rcMrnt time, and h.as now the largest business in his line in the city, if not in the pr.ivince. Two years ago he established a steam factory, the.mly.tne .if the kiiul in Victoria. He keeps twenty-six han.ls constantly empl.»ye.|, turning out bread, cakes, biscuits, jumbles, etc., etc. They supply the bulk of the Indian trade in pilot biscuits between here an.l .Alaska. The fact.iry is a large ihreestor}' and basement building on Ni.agara street, 25 x 84, \.ilh outbuildings and stables. The bread is all baked in the b.iscment. A f.jrty horse-jK.wer engine runs the machinery on the upper HcKirs. Smith & Co.'s bre.id and cakes are well and favorably kn.iwn to the h»>use-keei>ers of the city. Ml IIOI.I.KS \N1> RE.NfllK. This firm is cimi|xiseil of .Mr. J. Xich.illes, a native of London, Kng- land, who ,arne here in 1862; foil. iweil civil en^jineeririg from 1869 to 1S75, an.l later was connecte.l with the firm of ( laresche, (jreen i*^ C".»., bankers, and Mr. C. K. I.iul .ine thir.l in volunit- ibr jm.Mml that it stands at present. Tluy .ire agents for .\. Harris. S,mi in\... (Ilmiir.!), I lanesling Machinery : C.«kshuf. I'l.nighC... : I. <•. Wisiicr, .S.in>M"..., Seed Prills and .Seeders; \Vaterliou.s< Kiigine W.irks d., .if Kranif.ir.1. .ind many other concerns as famous as those nienliiiriril. Thi-y are alw ac^nls for the Hartforil Fire Insurani'v Co., aiid the >c"ttish 1'iik« an«lf grcally to civi.: affairs : he has lietrn .imong thr ti>tciiM>«( !■■ iiiie'eJ hin>«rif in the annual c«h»ti«oi«»> the LUccirss .if which 1-. m 1 grt-jt ttwa-mrc, clue to hi* eftirts. vi<:i.>Ki\ \ I ■.(■(.*« ANI< s\i.f; Works. Mr. I. H lalisiner, ..I ilu- firm .if Iti.lgerow .V Kalisinrr, wfll Uiv.wn vinegar manul.i'iiiiers >r the oftice of .\gent C.eneral, an.l has done much for the province in giving inlellig;ir. rejsirts of the country's i.eeils an.l advantages to the people of Knglan.l. MXRVI.N AM) TILTON. Mr. E.lgar Marvin. ..I ihis house, reec.ly deccast I. vv.is a native of Syra»-us^'. N. V., and was a torty-niner .11 California with V. S. Senator Felt..ri, with whom he came to Victoria in 1S62 ami started Ihe present house. Mr. E.loard (i. Tilton 's a n.itive of IV-iaware, and caiDO t.i Puget .Siiund in 1853 with his father. I eing the first Surveyor Cienernl to Wash- ington. Ill ter.iaineil in the i'uget Sounii country until 1865, returned .i s i ' » / I I 86 VICTORIA ILL USTRA TED. East nnil again came to lh(i roast in 1870, fulkiwint; his profession of civil engineer for tl)e Northern Pacific. In 1875 he wenttoSouth America and engaged hims.'lf on the railways of the Andes, and when the contract was let for the building of the Canadian racilic, in 1880, he became the Chief Engineer am! Su|)eiintendcnt under Onderdonk, the contractor. He left there in iSSj and came to Victoria, taking a half interest in the above business, which includes a general hardware, iron and steel, cordiige, chains, mill and building supply and slulf hardware business. It is the oldest house in Dritish Columbia, and does .i wholesale ami retail business of about $150,000 a year. E. (1. I'RIOR AND COMPANY. This firm is eom|H)sed of Colonel E. (i. Prior, M. P., .nd .\I •. ( ■. I'. Mathews. Colonel Prior is from Yorkshire, England ; he was educated in mining engineering, and after coming to liritish (-olumbia was, until 1878, for five years mining engineer and surveyor (or the Vancouver Coal Mining and Land Company, tluring which time he was electeil a life member of the North of England Institute of Mining and Civil Engineers, lie was also for two years (iovernment In-ipector of .Mines, t'olonel Pri r i., Lieu- tenant-Colonel in the II. C. Hrigaile ( larri; ""n Artillery and hold; .1 certificate of qualilication from the Royal .School of Artillery; he was .appointed an extra .Aide dc Camp to the ( iovernor-den- cral of Canada in Jan- uary, 1 8Sy ; i'onni)an< I - els, which he carrnd on for six years, after which he joined William henny. In .Man h, 1S70, Ihey dissolved partnership .ind h<' then started the present house. Ihiisuleof VIRUS 'N HAVIII SPKSi KR s ^TORR the regular dry goods business .Mr. Spencer carries a large stock of carpets of high grade. Oriental rugs, etc., and has a fine -n's Hotel, .New York Hotel, and many other we'l known structures nf Vietnria, They do all the Engli.h Navy work j Esipiimull, luul are Ixilli strong siip|Kiriers of the Dominion and Provincial (io\ernmenls. .Mr. Hraden was app.iiii;ed a Director if t hi- Jubilee Hospital by the Provincial I loxernnieiil. The firm employ almut thirty men, ai'tl have the largest business in their lin.: in the province. T. II. I'KAIISilN AND <■<>. Among those establishments commencing business in a modi-tiit'- way and have, in a roinparatively short time, gn>wn to iii.itrrial proiniiu nee in the fnmt rank, none navr ellipse I theaUive linn. They .'re mamifaiiurer* of shins, ovrralU and 1' .thing ot every description. The li.iuso waseslnb- lislied in l^84. and liiU) now ormpy a two story, 30 « (it,, liuildii.g, well afrangrd and supplied with Ihi- latest and most appn.ved iiki' liineiy. Thiy employ some forty I. mils, wiih an average otiipul of from \to v. I * VICTORIA ILLUSTRATED. 87 to 150 (liiZt'M per week, of a (jualily rcco^ni/cd as liaviii^ nn superiur. Much of the success is due to Mr. I'earsou's e\teiuieti kiiu'vled^e uf his liusiness and his al)ilily as a buyer and nianat;er. Their Iwo travellers arc constantly on the road, and their goods have been sent as far Kast as Winnipeg. IIKNRY SAUNDKRS. Mr. Saunders is a native of London, Kngland, leaving that place for Victoria, coming direct, and rcachcil here in 1862. lie engaged in thi; grocery trade, and h.is now one of the largest anil best appointed establish- ments of this kind in .he city. Kor twenlylive years he has supplied the citizens of Victoria with groceries, wines, li(|uors, cigars, etc., importing nearly altogether. Last year he built the store and warehouse which he now occupies. The building is an exceedingly handsome one, consisting of two stories atul two b.asemenls, 40 x \2.\ feet, light, airy and attractive. Mr. Saunders has the contract for supplying Iler Majesty's Navy at I-'sfpu- niall, besides which several delivery w.igous are kept constantly busy. His business has experienced a steady, healthy growth ever since it was first established. LENZ A.VI) I.ICISF.R Are the largest importers and ma.iufacturers of diy goods in British Columbia. They carry an immense stock ol clothin ■ here, and their jiresent spacious three-story liuililingon Yalcs street, corner of Commercial alley, is not any too large for their rei|uirements. Iloth mendiers of the (irni received their training in the tiry goods busi- ness in one of ihe chief dry gomls houses in d'-'r- many, and their business methods are characterized by an admirable thoroughness which speaks well for their early training in the business. Mr. Lenz spends the major portion of his time in Kngland. Cierinany and France, purchasing goods for their business here. v.. H. MARVIN AND CO. The founder of tliis house, \Ir. K. H. Mar- vin, was txjrn .-it Halifax, Nova .Scotia ; in 1H52 he left New Vork and arrived in San Krancisco, via Cape Horn, on November 30th, 1852 ; he remained there several years, during which time o.uurred all the excitement attendant upon the actions of the vigilance conunittee, and left in January, 1S57, for Australia, arriving at Sydney in March of the same year. From Sydney he proceeded to .Melbourne and the .ce to the mines, where he reni:(ined until .September, 185S, when, hearing of the discoveries of gold on the l''ra.ser river, he left for lUilish Columbia and landed at Ks(|uimall, January IJth, 1859, by sailing vessel, having been detained en route for six weeks at the Sandwich Islands on account of the vessel losing one of her masts in a storm, .\fter making a trip to San F rancisco and return Mr. .Marvin left in March, i860, for the Kraser river, at.d t.upk the steamer l-'liza ,\nilerson (still in use on the Sound! as far as l-Urt Hope, whence he cacioeil it all the way up to the Moulli l,'uesnelle, on the I'ruser ; he, however, remained only until June, when he reluinid to Vi.;toria, and the fiH.iwing month o|iened what was the luuliu"- of his pieseni liamlstmie business, namely, that of ship- chnmllery and sail making. The business has now grown to very large pro(»iiiioi>, and on the lirsi o( January, iX'io, .Mr. Marvin ass.icialeil wuh him, OS iMrli^rrs, Captain J. C.. Cox and Mr. F. \V. .\dains. Mr. Maivin is Inigely iiiteresteil in the sealing industiiesand i^ p.irt owner in the seal- ing sih.Miners S.ipphire, Itiuiiiph, H. Cox ami F. B. Marvin. He his licen latHely identilie.l with the city's interests, and is a member of the British ( .tlumliia Ikmtd of Trade. f. M' .'I M>h \M' SiiN. This houM 1. i» (otiiidvil In |S- hrrc fliuu .\il-<..y, N. « \i«k i he <»\. folli.w..! two ye.1i< later !■» tos «"n, Mr. F A. Mnjiiaile, .imi «l>s' ■t.tini) by hisoth.r son. Mi. I.. (>. .Mei^Hiade. In 1X5K Mr M\'uale. .nor, tiKik his sons into p.irtnei>lii|i under llw linn n.in>. .>» \ Mi ',li'i« ' A Si,n~. nid since hisdeuli iheyhave hn'l entire < hitiv ' \IVairH. n, (inn iliMs .igenera! ship chandlery oiisincw. which IS es|iM tally lui 1 i!i\e »hi'n- Ih'-n is such .1 huge aniouiil o( >!., '^itiij and Hhip liuililiitii »* ■•' Vicloritt ; tin.) 'mnisli. .dsi., caiim o siippli. ■ Htlil llin-, II. SAfNDEKS, liRIXtKlKS, L ll. . in the course of years, the volmiie of trade done has const. iiitly increased until it now reacliesabout $40,i>X) a year. .All steamers and sailing vessels from this port rerpiire constant supjilies, while the fitting out of the sealers each year is a very large item. The sons have ably managed the business and stand exceedingly well in commercial circles. JilSKril SKARS. Mr. Sears was bum in Kio Janeiro, of .\nifcrican parentage, ami is one of the pioneers of Victoria, having been here since 1S62. lie learned hi.s trade in Ihe city, and entered the business himself in .March, 1876. He has been somewhat of a traveller, having covered a large amount of territory before going into business for himself. He sells painters' sup])lies and paper hangings, furnishes plate and stained glass and bruslus, and dties sign-writing ami decorating generally, and liii business isat ihe heail of the Victoria liinis in this line. CAKNK AMI MIISSIK. F. Came, Jr., who is a n.itive of England, and came to Victoria twenty-six years .ago; h.as been twenty years in the grocery business, thirteen of which w.is with one house and ihe balance of ihe lime with the present concern. William .Munsie, of the house, is a native of I'ictou, Nova Scolia, and has been fourteen years in Victoria, coming to the city to start the stove manufacturing branch of work for the .\lbion Iron works. He remained there until the present ccmcer.n w.as started. The firm do a general trade in groceries and are very popular, and run a bu.sine.ss of about $IO,OCXj a month. They are owners of the sealers Pathfinder, Viva and Mary Taylor, and have been very successful in all their outside operations. The senior mem- ber of the firm is also the principal ow ner of the Shawnigan Lake Lumber Company. Their hand- some residences will be seen in our pages. A. II. CRAY AND COMTANY. Mr. .\. H. Cr.iy wa. born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and came to Victoria in June, 1 86,;, by the steamer Southampton, via Panama. In 1864 he occupied a position as salesman for John Wilkie 1!^ Co. in the premises now occupied by himself. Three years later he eng.agcd in Ihe dry goods business on his own account at New Westminster, B. C. , which was then the capital of the Mainland. The following year he pur- chased the retail dry goixis business on (.iovern- nient street, Victoria, ami remained there until 1S83, when he entered the wholesale trade, add'r.g liquors and cigars to his line of stock. A. B. Coay \ Co. are at present relinquishing their dry goods line ar.>< ilk Board of Trade, having been eleUiJ to the council of thi'r IvkI\, I ANill.KV Wo I'O.Ml'ANY. This firm, which is the oldest wholesale and retail drug house in Victoria, is com|iosed of .\. J. Uingley, J. N. Henderson and T M, Henderson. The Henderson brothers are from Montreal, Cainda, and have K'cn hue a!«'iil five yeiirs. Mr. Langley. who is a naiiv, of Kichhelil, Staffordshire, Knglaml, came here in 185S, and establisheii the preseat house, which has grown to its present immense si« through vit»^;i««(bI' management. The busini,s ,i| the firm 1 \i' iidsas far Vast as lllcstitt.rling tirm on the Nuriliwcstern C.iast, handling in immense (juantilies California and tropicd fruits, l).ith dried and green. The firm is composed of .Mayn.ird II. Cowan and William. Wilson. Mr. Cowan is a native of Ottawa, Ontario, and has been in Victoria for the past eight years. Ill started the lirm of Cowan, Shaw iV Co. live years .ago, doing a general commissiim ami agency busi ntss, prineipally representing large nianiifacturif> in the Kasi. Two years ago he and Mr. Wil«on iHwght out the stock and giK»l will of S. J. Pitts, who had f'Unded the present businevk Their trad( has increased cnor niously, and their present business amounts to $750,(X» yearly. The slm^k comprises everything in the gtiKery line sta(>le and fancy pcKliirr and proxisions, eli\, etc. They supply the priiuipnl groeerfc of this prov^fire, and slii{>, via Alaska, to the northern jnirtion of British C(plumbia, (In^ having to be done in bond. Their premises have a fron'age of si«iy feel im Vales strtct, with a depth of one hundred feel, and the building is two stories in height. Mr. ( owan was at one lime Manager of the |i. C. lire liisurjiKe Co., ai'd one of the lust chosen of the Boaril ol |)irectoi> | VICTOR /A ILLUSTRATED. «., i I . the Virloriii Tramway Co. Mr, \Vm. Wilson, his parlncr, is cine i)f Ihi- most proinineiil and wealthy men in the city, ami is ths, who is a native of I'ennsylvinia, went to Carihoo in 1870 and enga|;ed as a merchant there. Mr. Josiah Hcedy, his uncle, wa^ the one to create the first excitement in Cariboo liy liringing a nugget of gold to Victoria, lie had, at that time, stores all the way from Victoria to ('aril)oo, and was one of the pioneer merchants of the region. Mr. Uoss returned to Victoria and founded the present business in 1875. lie is an American citizen, never having seen til to exchange his tlag, hut is as prominently identilied as almost any other man in Victoria with the inter- ests, local anil olherwise, of this city. He has been a very successful merchant, and is one of the bent known and highly respecteil men of Victoria. I.AWKKNCE COODALKK. .Mr. Ci lodacre, who has been one of the most successful merchants of Victoria, is a native of Nottingham, Kngland, and was engaged in his present business in that city, lie came to Victoria in 1866, and the busi- ness of .Mr. Harris was at that lime bought oul by .Mr. Coodacre's partner, .Mr. Stafford. The place of liu>ine-.s was nni'vl tie • '.'ueen's .Market," and has retained thai appelalion ever since, .'.tr. 'i • .lacre has thus been in the business Iwciily-tive years, having j'mU" into partnership with Mr. StafTord, who afterwards died, leaving him snL jirupriclnr. The '.laui^hu-r house ol the tirm is near the city, and the magnitude of ihe business can be gathered from Ihe fact thai the daily slaughter- ing is from six to eight cattle, thirty-live shei-p and lambs, and ten calves and hogs. Mr. iJooil- acre is a wholesale and retail butchei;, and cincss. He car- ries a general stock of Uwits and >hiies, which he iiniiorl-. chielly from the I'niled .Stales, Ka-.tern Can.ida and Kngland. His premi«es (corner of (iovermncnt .md Johnson streets) are very commodious, and show him to lie a thorough business man, and fully alive to the interesis of his business, which is increasing lu'a\ ily each year. Ill Ml IIK.RAT AM) CO.MI'ANV. This house w.as founded in 1S59, .md has since changed hands several times, although it has always Ik-cii very successful. Mr. J. Coigdarip]K', a native of the Smilh of Krance, is senior member ol the linn. He came *lircct to \'ictoria and engageii in business here, joining the oM tlrm in 1K84. Mr. I. like Piilier, his partner. haiU from New \'ork, and has lieen a le^idcnl i>f \ictiin.i a number of years, enuring the present linn •\ lS<^. The" linn handle f\er)thing in I-rench wine-. -Sauternes, Itiirgiindies, Champagne's anil Clarets, l'.»gelher with .Me-., Stout and Beer and a general line of cig.ir* The turn-over for l.ial year amounted lo $ioo,ooo, and this year li will exce'c-furni>hing'.. stoves, ranges, etc. Their s|M.'cialties .ire : rooting, gas and hoi water livlure^, hot air furnai-es and picket wire fencing. They have i|uilea numUr of men and Isiysemplnyeil, and have several large eoiiiracts on hand, one of vthich is the riKifing ami M. K. SMItit AND CO., 'llsCUlf MANUKAC I TRERS. ornamental sheet iron work of the new Koman Catholic Cathedral, coniraci jiriie of which is $1 |,(X». .Mr. McLennan looks after the linn's intensls III Victoria, while .Mr. .Mcl-'eely atleiicU lo the Vancouver branch. 'I'hey are both young men, ami have shown a progi . -.siveness and I'liergy which, condiincd with strict attention to business, h.ave made their enterprise a Very successful one. IIDTKI. llAl.l.AS. William Jensen, the proprietor of this hotel, was Imii, in Liverpool, Kngland, and came to the Cinted Stales in 1S58. lie served intiic I'liileil Slates .\rmy, during part of ihe rebellion, in the I'orlietli New Jersey Kegiineiil, I'. S. Infantry, Sixth Corps, .\rmy of the I'otomac, and remained until Ihe dose of the rebellion. On his return from the war he went inlo business at Williamsburg, .New York, and subseipicnlly .South iinioklyn, remaining there until 1,S()8. !■ rom .New York he organized a colony, on Horace Creely's advice ('* \'oung men, go West and build cities") went to Kansas and engageii in business at Waterville. He afterwards built the second hotel ai Concordia, and later, eiiiered the hotel business at t!a«ker City. He left there for California in the Spring of 1S72 in search of a localion for business, and, not finding what he wanted, came to I'uget .Sound and ran the .American I^xcliange Hotel at .Seattle for three years. In the .Autumn of 1877 he came to Victoria, re-named the old Koyal Hotel the " l)ccidental,'' enlarged it by ll.c addition of fifty rooms, Uaight the property and resold it iluring the present ye.ir. Th- Hotel Dallas, which he has just built, is situated u]» m half an acre of (iiound on Hallas Road. The hotel is three stories in height, one hundred and twenty feet front, sixty-five feel in depth, contains sixty !ied-ri»ims, twelve sitling- roonis and parlors, and will accommodate one hundred persons. '!'he hotel is sixty feet from the sea, and conniiands a full view of the Olympic range, the Koyal Roads and the Straits of Juan de Kuca, and is only one lilock from the landing of the outer ocean-ves^els' docks, where all sea- ^_^^^,,^,_,___^_^^^^,.^^__^____^_^^,___^_ going vessels from China, Japan, .Alaska, San Francisco, and the largest local steamers arrive and depart. The electric cars are within one block of the hotel, and pass through the city, arriving in .'ighl minutes at the post ollice. The hoi ,e is built of liriek ; is furnished with all mod- ern appliance^ and conveniences, including hoi and cold water baths, steam heat, electrii- lights, electric eall-bells. bar and liilliard rooms, while the fine pnimenade on the Hat roof gives a magnifi- cent view for miles around. The hotel is strictly firsl-cl.ass. liRIARI) lIOTEt.. This house, which has for years Ih-'CU one of the substantial features of Victoria, is as well- known as any hotel on the I'acific Coast. It was foundeil, on its standard of excellent, in 1875, by Mr. I/iuis Kedon. who is at present I'resident of the Victoria President of the company formed Mr. Kedon at first had Kleelric Light Ccmipany, and al for the jirojcctei'. Can.ida We.-.lern Hotel for partnei Wx. Luca-, liut in 1878 associated with him the late t)ito Hartnagel, whose son, (iustave Harlnagle, is miw one of the partners. In |S,S4 the increased patronage of the house neces.sitated an .addition on Ihe rear, and the theatre addition w.as built in 1S85. The patron- age has, however, grown to such pro[Kirtion^ that the building is now lieing extended to the corner and covers the intervening sp.ice of 75 x 122 feet. The building when completed, at an immense outlay, will i)e seven stories in licight, and will have 225 rooms. Kverylhing will lie entirely miMlern : there are to be rooms with bath-rooms attached, call and answer electric lulls, electric and ga> lights, and, in fact, everything thai nuKlern ingennily has invented for cmnfi rt. The mean of the hotel, which i.s su|ierviM'd by a well knuwn i hef, is at all limes of the bjsl, ami is, in fact, Ci' Orated among travellers all over the world. The hold 'vill soon lie entirely completed, and will lie one of the hapds.miesl .idorr.iiienls of the city. (lUoNIAI. Ml. IROl'OI K IIOTKI.. Ml. Thomas Tugwcll, the proprietor, came from Hrighlon, Sussex, Kngland, and has Ix'en in Victori.. since 185S. He has been carrying on the present business for the pas- ;hree years, and h.is increased it to its present di.iiensions since entering tlie venture. The hotel has a frontage of 120 feel iin Johiisnn street, and is three st.iries in height. The hulk of Mr. TugwelTs trade is with transient guests, and he therefore optrates on the .Ame.ican plan. His house is lighted by el^^'ncily and provided with liie esea|HS. Ilot and cold water Isiihs arc al the ."is|iosaI of guests. The rovmis, eighty in number, are all well lighted, anil the house is well venti- lated. Mr. Tugwell is a very imiiular man, and the large and increasing ivalronage is a sutiicienl testimony to the characicr and accmmuvMlaiions vj his hotel. i ^l wmmmi h 90 VICTORIA ILLUSTRATED. K !;/(• ^■1 1/ • 1 ,1:1 ■ i ; V ( JOHN ll-.Aia'K. Itiirn in Cunnvall, r.iij;liiii(l, Mr. ToaKUc went lo Califurnirt in llie yiMr 1S56, niiil wt'nt iiitu mining at (iras'i \'ullcy, ami a^si^tt-i! in the LTcction there of one iif the lir^t iiuart/. milK fur K"'''' Twi) years Inter he started fur Victoria, iiiteiiilint; In i;ii fnini there to the I'raser River. The Captain (if tlie ■-teainer landed him and his friends at Wliatecini, and tuld them that that ivas the nearest piiinl III Virtciria, and they were iiliMned luget tu Victoria in a pliin^'er. .\Ir. Teaj^ue Mihseriuently visited Itellin^ham Itay, and ri.'Utained there six weeks, returiiint; in time t.i calcli the steamer fnrthe I'raser Kiver. \\ this time Ihinisands ot iieojile had imured intn \'iet.iria on aeeomit of va(;ue rumors of jrold on the Tracer River. .\s this was at the time of theCrown Colony, (iovernor l)on(;las had to jjive |iermission liefore the steamer was allowed to [iroeeed upon her way up the l''raser. The ".Surprise " (which was the steamei's name) was the lir^t steamer to Kort Hope. Mr. Te.ijjue remained at .MurderiTs' liar until Keliruary, 1859, anil the rivir heinj; fro/en passed through many hardships on his return, heinj^ olilit;ed lo w.rik as far as \,m\^- ley. lie look part afterwards in the Caril«>o excitement, and in returning tVom l-'ort .\lex- ander he and one other 'valkeil a.s far as the h'ountain iu niiu- and a lialf days, subsisting on six pannikins of tlour. The la^t three and a half days of the journey they were entirely w ilh- out food, (hi his return to \'ic- toria he engaged in contracling and other matters, and in 1S74 he went into architecture e\- clusivel)'. The principal tiuild- ings erected here hy Mi. Teague are: The Koyal Naval ll.is- pil.il, The Provincial Koyal Juhilec Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital. St. .\iin"s Convent, N'icttiria I'uhlic School, K*-- formed Kpiscoj^il and the I'res- hyteiinn Churches, Colonist Buildings. Ori. tital Hotel. Yates' liuilding i..d Market huilding, and \\\ is now at wi'i-k on the new l>riard Hotel .md the I iaresche ( Ireen ,V t'o. liuilding. Mr. Teague h.is done all the naval work fni the |>.i.st sixteen years, a fact vvhiili is indienlive of his ahility a.s an engineer as well as architect. A. MAXWKI.l. Ml Ik. The suliject •>£ this sketch is a native of lilasgow, Scotlind, where he first entered the pro fession of arch i lecture. Nix years .rgo he left that country and went to the I'nilcil States. s^Hfoding sv»me two years and a half at Troy. Iea\ ing there t«i accept a |)osition with Win. I'arsons iV Sons, of '|ii[)eka, Kansas, where they \\'re en- gaged in the constru' :ion of pulilic schools, liesidis many other pulilic Imildings llirougli- out the Stale. He 111 vl Weill to San l>iego, where lie was eng.aged ontlie Hotel ikl Com- narlo, and shortly 1-efore i-oin- ing to Victoria he was engaged with the Soulherit I'ai ilic Kailway. r;>.in hisariival hen he hrcaincdiauglil man for Mr. John Tet'giie, going ai onec'iilo the p'aiisloi ihijiiliilt nrchiteclure and conlraiting, and from Ih-re went to Vancouver, where he spent finr years [irevinus lo sealing at Victoria in I.S.S'). .Since his arrival he has lieen very successful, and has erected some of the finest structures in the city, among them the I'andora .Street Methodist and the (Jorge Koad .Methoilist Churches ; the Jewell, the llclniiken, the Milne, the Hum- phreys, Lewis and the R. T. Williams lilocks ; he liuilt, also, the McCandless addition to ihe .Metropole Hotel, and has erected a niimher of line residences, among them lliose of A. (1. Hlack, John l)ougall ami Henry Jewell. .\t Nanainio he erected A. I*', (irccn's four-story and David Spencer's Arc ide liiiildings ; al Vancouver, the V. .\I. C. A. ami a public school huilding, anil at New Westminster, also a school liiiilding. sni'lK AMI llAV. Mr. .Soule is a native of London, Kngland, where he served his articles with an eminent architect and attended the .School of Science and Art al South Kensinf!ton, being successful in oliiaining a i,)iieeii's prize for design, and prices and certiticates for other subjects. Crossing the Allan- tic, he was engaged by some of the best architects in lioston and Cltneland, and coming lo * "an.\da he practiced for a short time in I'ort Hopi and for iianyye.irs in (irielph; his work comprised a luimber of churches, high schools, court house ami j.iil, V.M.C..\. building, bank, business and oflice buildings anil many line residences and other works. In Kebruary, l8()o, Mr. Soule opened an ollice in Victoria, and has de- signed and superintended the new Agricultural Kxhibition buildings, many private rc.i- deiices and business blocks, etc., etc. Mr. Robert Scott Day was born in the cily of Cork, lieland. He is a gradua'" S lie late(^)ueen's (now the Ko'.al) I'niversiiy of Ireland, having .iilended the usual clllegi.'.le course .ind takei. the Degree of Hachelor in Civil Kngineer- ing. He then turned his atten- tion toarchileclure, and entered thcoltlci- of Mr. Thomas I irew , U. II. A.. Dublin, as articled pupil, and contin ted his studies in the olhces and on ihe wurks of various London architects. Mr. Day's own practice li.is been mainly on the Diamond fields, South Africa, .\mong hi. more iiiijiorlant works there III- Ihe KimUrly Stock \-.\ ■ liange, the head olVues of the he lleers Collsolidaled Mines, l.il. ;tlie(iraii<'i Hotel and ( iood I iiuplar's Hill He 1 .one to Victoria this jear ihicllv for I rivale reavHis his family now ■Iding coiisiiicrable pro|H'rly tlli^ plinince, and elltereil ilo pailiii rshipwith Mr. Soule few nioiilhs ago. I lios. SMKUV. llUllslI lIll-tMlllV lldAKIi 111 IRAI'K. I A. M. .M -I. iiuhls . .'IIhs pital. He h.i- since been engaged with Mr. league 01. ihe addilioib loihe City Hall, exlensionsof the I'lr^l I'lesbyterian ( hmch, I,i 11/ .V I.cl/eis build ing, lieiii out building, S.iln.on bl.n k and I'. It. Hall's usidem e. Hisplaiis won ihe coni|ietilioii lor ihe ( ily -l.iiket. He i- at picseiil eiig.igedon the Oak Hay Hotel and other large liuildii.gs in ibis city. .Mr. Muir's s|iecially is designing and constructing heavy briik and stoni- nirui lure-, ,ind resi deuces and br'dging. Some of hi-. pvr-.pccti\e pl.in^ on '.he ( 'lyde h.ixc Ill-en evhiliiied in iln- Intercolonial l'\hilMtion at Ivlinluirgh. Scoiland. Ljilely he Won the compeliiion lor the Hoard if Tiade building of Ihi- i ily. IIKiMAS II'WU'IK. .Mr. Hooper, who i' one of the leading an hilecis of Victoria, was iKirn ill Devtinshire, Kiighmd ; wiiit to 1 inuirio in 1S71, .ind there served his II. ide as a joiner. In iS7,S he went lo Manitoba, where he followed Mr. Sorby was born al W ikelielil, Yorkshire Coniily, I'.ngland, his fauiilv having beer. Ihcic .Mid al Sheili.l.l tor the \tiliili.i I p.,,,, jtxi years. He was cdu calisl in London, where helo..k up a couri«* III archili'iiuie and sulisequenlly pr'^ciiced for twenty- Sle years. ||e was imlde ( oniiiy Court Siirveyir for KnglamI and ^'ales, serviiig in tills lapaiity lor ten years. 'He was Surveyor of le Nte((iip:i|li,in I'olice and of Dangerous S'ruclures; held the ap imlntmenl iif IHsiiicl Siine)iii. Coiisuliing .Vu'iiieit to the Home illhce and I'lelMIty, and *,/» I ellow of the Ilojal llMitule of llriti-h Ar< llltii Is, KIlow of the Royal (ieological SiK'ieiy and llienilK'l of the SiHiel) of Arts. He left London in I.S.''.,J for Montreal, where, after s|K'nd- iiig lliiee ye, MS, duiiii',' which hi- built a laigi- moiiber of siaMo.is, hoiels, etc., for the ('.inaibaa I'.n ihc R.ulway, he went to N'an.oi.vi'i. iii.l, .ifiei the lire, built the Hold Vancouver, \lr. .M.bol's li.iu-.e, ihi NU|.(ien lilink, .SI. James Cburcli, Hudson Haj Co.'s premises, arid othec niinm tmildings. Removing to Victoria in 1SS7, Mr. Sorby ImoIi the |Kiisoii.ige of Christ ( Imrch. made alterations on the resi.U'nccs of T. K. Sniilli .lod llighwooil, William W.ird'^ resideiii e ; and built the residences of U. Duniliklon, Rub'. Ward. Deuniii llarri-, A. N. Richards, .uid many oihei of the most VICTOR f. I fLL USTNA TKD. 91 attractive (if Violiiria's ilwcllirivjs and Imsiiii'ss Micks, lie is nl prcsi'iil cnya^etl in (lie contplclifui lin^ is four stories and liasement, construclecl of stone and lirick. Its diniensions are 101 xKk); it contains eitjlit stores and ninety ollices, many of the latter lieinj; in suites. The Iniildiii); is (urnished wiili a first- class .Albion Iron Works elevator ; is heated by ste.im and lighted li\ elec- trieily manufactured on the premises. The Turkish It.ilhs, whicli are liein^; Iiiiilt in the liasement, are to cost somtr $30,000, will lie a ^reat addition to Victoria's luxuries. It is unnecessary to enier into the details, but the |i|ans, as i;iven, are such as to show that they are to be of the very hinhesi onler, and the persomul of (hose connected with the venture is such as to ensure its being a lhor(iut;h success. TllK OCLIDKNIAI. IIOII'.I.. This hotel is one of Victorias' oldest and best known Imstelries, and is located in the center of the business iiorlion of the city, fronting on the wharves of the falifornia, I'u^et .Sound and Kraser River steamers, and the I')sc|uimall and Xanaimo Kail«ay. Two year. ago the hotel was con- siderably enlarged, and now contains seventy-six rooms; is (urnished thiounhout with call bells, electric liglits, hot and cold water baths as well as other modern ronveniences, and has billiard and reading roonis attached. The bar of the < tcridental is one of the most famous on the coast, and has always been noted, in particular, for .WXX eight year old imported ale, which is .served on draught. .Sir. Jensen, of tlie Hotel llallas, was for- Tliey are two of the most tireless workers of Victoria, and, although young men, are building up ,1 very large business. Klint A: Son, Dublin, Ireland, are their llrilish agents. VANCDUVK.K ISLAND I.ANt) AND l.NVKSTMEN f I OMI'ANV (l, I H. ) This company is a successor of the business rartied on, until the 7lh of April of ihc jirescnt year, by l'...uri liler, ('mil .V- Malleite, with a capital slock of $250,0)0. .\1r. Henry Croft, President of the concern, was born in Sydney, New South Wales, and received his e( ucalion at Ungby, laigland, returning from Kngland to .\uslralia as Inspecting Kngi- neer to the New South Wales tioverninent. .\lr. Croft is a member of the Civil and Mechanical Kngineers' Associations o( Kngland. In lSS4,ielefl Australia for Vancouver island, and immediately went up and started the Chiinainns saw mill, which has since lnen purchased by the Victoria laiiii'ier Co. At the election in Cowichan last term he wns elected by acc lunation as .M. I'. I'., and was re-elected this year. In December, I.S<)sed of .\rlhiir St. I ieorge I' lint and Itenjamin Williams. The foniiet is a native of Ireland, and « is «ith Flint ,V Son, of Dubln. Irelan.l, in the real estate and anclioneenng business, for twelve years, coming to Victoria in 1SS7. Mr. Williams is from Wales, and came In Victoria in his thirleenth year. The present (Irm was founded December loib. |SS<), for the purpose of a real estate, ins-jrance and i-oiiimission agency business. They represent, .'s city agents, ilie National l-iie Insui.ince (' p.my if Inland. In addition to their real f«late business, iIkv have organized three building aivl loan a.socialioiis, ns follows : TIk> Vaiu'ouvei Island HiiilJing Societv, capital simk, $2SO,00(W: Victoiia Huilding So-e three companies, the Inst t«o o( which obsirve the- Slar system of Kngk'.nd, and the latter that of t'le t liicjgo iml I'lnl.idelphi.i Huilding and l-oan Associalions. Hnlh members of the lirm aie \oung men, and have pushed their bu-sincHK ill i> way that rcllects great credit »im.ii their business Siigacily. nipeg, Maniioba, in lune, 1871). He took the business management of Iheolliceot Messrs. jlain \ lilanchard, Darristers, until the spring of 1881, whe.i he wa> appointeil agent f>)r the Can.idian I'acitic Railway townsitcs iinde- (ieneral .Manager .\. IS. Siickney. He had charge of the townsile of lliandi 1, which h.ad such a phenomenal success. He then went into business on his own .account as Real Kstate and Kinancial agent. He passed through the meinoialile biHun of I,S('al>inc't. Tliiy have Inkin a (li'i'|i Inlttcsl in ihc niiniii); nnit UinibtT interests (if this prnvinri', any the lately deceiised Mr. .\lason, M.I'. I', for t'arilioo. The Com pany is a|;ent for a mimber of life, lire and marine insurance companies, also aj;eiils for Itntish ('olund)ia for the .\merican Investment I'nion, of New York ; and the Dominion .'safe Deposit Warehousinj; .V Loan t/oni- pany, of Canada, the bonds of which they have for sale. They are largely interested in mining compaides, and will furnish full ijiformation on application. 11AI.I1V AMI or» of this, one cf Vietoria'H iK'stknowii real estttto llriUH. me MesiiH. William Dalby ninl Kreil.l. C'laxton. Mr. Dalby in BO well known in Untiah C'olundiia. uf uhicli lip has long been a priiiiiiiii'tit charaetef, that IiIh lemarkiible caieeris at liiimr alinost a by word ; but his LiMtiny will here meet with I'yes in otiiei Kinds iind will to them be II theme of considerable intercut. He wan born at Kichniond Hill, Dntai'io, and, when iner-ging into inanhood, left home in company with .lohn tlraiit, present .NIayor of Victoria. While on tlie w.itt-r between New York and San KranciKco, in bStil, there was l'im;(ht in the Status the meinonible battle of Hull Hnn. Tlieir passji^'e took them by the way of ranaimi ami Aspinwall, and. after an ivin^' at San Franciseo, they went to Santa Cruz, Cibfoiiiia, walking there (wiino Hcate) k\\\*\ subsisting the last da.v of their jnuniey upon a loaf uf bread and u waterinehin. Here .Ml. iJalby, who hail learned the tanning trade, entered a tannery, and simiii bteaine foreiuan ; but both ho and Mr. >dge of Itritish Columbia. He is also appointed as Crand Keprese'itative ot thu (irand Lodge of \'ietoria, Australia. .Mt. Dalby luis beeome tt large property-owner in \'ii-toria and other |Nirt.s of the province. For three yciira be was IVeaident of the Agiieulturul Aaaoeiation, and the active intereat he has taken for twenty years in that aaaiMiation has rcdonnded much to its Ikiictit. Mr. Cla-\ton, who is a native or .Montrial. was, unid he 'aine to Victoria in IH,S!I, engaged in the wlii.les:;le dry g Is busiiies.s with liis father, Mr. T. d. Claxton, of .Montreal. Shortly after .Mr. ('laxton's ailvenl in Victoria the tirm of Dalby, Kalluntyne iV Claxton was fonnid, and it has since been changed to Dalby & Claxton. The pi'inci|jai biiainess done eimsiats of real estate, tinaiK-iat and insiinince brokerage. In real estiite they have not contined themselves to inside and oiitsiib; pro{>erty and farm lands, but have handled sonu! eisil and oth'-r mining properties of aii exleiisixe nature. Mr- D.ilby having been a resident of Victoria from its infancy, and the fact of Ids having twice occupied the civic chair, as also having been City Assessor, gives hiin a practical knowledge of real estate values |K»ssessed by few . .en. In the making of loans and the insiirmiee department this eX|Rniiice is pjirticiilarly valuable. .Mr. Dalby is manager of the llritisli Columbia Kire Iiisiir- aiicu Company, and director in the local Isiard uf the Dieninion Huild ing and Loan Asso<:iatioii of Toronto, wn<»su capital is tive niillion dol- lars. Mr. Claxton is ti-euaurer <»f this cotiipany, as also secretary of the Sechart (.Quicksilver .Mining Coni|uiny of Victoria. The linn lepru- Rtnts the Koyal Canadian Insurance Coiii|iany of Montreal and the I-anumhire (iiiaranty and .Securities Corporation (Limitedi of Hudders- tield, Kiigland ; and when wc say that the hitter has loaned about $4(X),tXX> on this co,ut in (.fiie month of last spiing, it ia a sitthcicnt giiarantue of the contidence shown by Knglish capitulistn in the ata Dility of values in this country. KKAMIS lllltlirllllill. One of the most auccessfiil real estate men who ever establiahed in Hritish Columbia is Mr. Iloiirehier, a nati\e of I)> vonshiie, Kiigland, who made Victuria his home lu IMM7. lie uluKMt iniii udiately wvnt into tini real «>state biistness, niid sfsin after nssoeiated with him (is iiartner .Mr. W. H. HiggiiiH, h< f the Hon. D. W. liiggins, M I'. \\ Mr. Higgins after a short period letind from the linn to go to I'airope, and .Mr. lloiirchier then forined the firm ot Itoiiichici. Croft .V .Mallelte, whndi waa eventually merged into the Vancouver Island Land and Investment Company I Limitedi. with a capilal of .scJ.'iD.INN). I Ida linn of Konrchier, Croft >1i -Mallette waa the lirat to atart llie boom at Port Angi'les, and three years ago beialded tin- advitnlagea of Victoria in a nianner that iiidcd in the tremeiidoiis progreaa she has since enjoyed. It may be said, in truth, that this lioiiae was the best known in Ihitish Colninbia, and distributed at its own expeiisi> more valuable statistics in the shape of |iaiiiplili>ts and oilier mediuins than any other llrm. At times tlieil' ollices Wele so elowded that it W.ls almost illi|Kissible to transact the business ollered. The otiices were of inarked taste, and displayed a mineral exhibit ei(ii.ilcil by none in the province. .Mr. Itonrcliiei' Iravchd extinaively Ivist and abroad and iiileiisti'd foreign capital, and accomplished I iu; formation of syndicates and land deals wliiidi the most sanguine had deemed iiii|Kmaible. .Mr. Ilourcbicr sold, in August last, his interest in thu X'aiicoiii'er Island Lund and Invest- ment Comiiany (Limiledl III -Mr. Croft, and isagain engaged in business for liimailf, having taken handaome ollices on tbiveniment street, in the Five .Sisters' block. .Mr. tJoiirchier ia at present engaged in large syndi- cate l.inil apcciilaliona covering the entile pioiince. IIu has surved as one of the ( loiincil of the IV t'. Hoard of Trade. MultllOW, llol.l.ANU AMI I'll. I>. W. Morrow, senior partner in this house, is a native of Itanie, Ontario, and c.ime here in .lime, I.Vf^t, and became cornected with the postoflice here as .second clerk. Subseipieiitly he became connecte.l w ith commercial interests, ami later was with F. gniibial increase of their business has necessitated their removal to larger pieiniaes, which they have secured and titled up haiidaoinely on Broiul street, near Yates. I'HANi;, MIlllKlloK AMI HISIIi.S. j i-t .-:>«— TT^ty pv P f VICTORIA ILLUSTRATED. 9.1 im.l.tlll(! Iil.ulc It M.. .1. K. ,iiii| calm! M..litiv.>l ,il. Ill ll'e .\, Ni>v;i Sun l.ift- III- <'om- ly of Mull hi! Vivtorm ■if ilji kill') III ilitoh lit ii|{<'UU for "^ till' I'.icitii' Ai<|iliiilt ('niiiiNtiiy, uiiil liitvd ilnriM ii Iitign ikiiionnt nf |iaviiiu for liotli Ntii'vtH mill niilcwiilKH, ait wi'll iim iIiu ciillTirH, nf Vietonii ainl otiii T |iliiris III IJK'ir ri'iil iiitiiti! ili'|iiii'liiii'iit tlii'y liiivii I ii «xci'|itioiiiil|y hiu'. riKsfiil ill Hyiiillialiii^ liirffi' tnu'tn of liiiiil. Aiiioii)/ tlirli' iiiimt pionii' iii'iit rntcrprixi'ii III tliiH ili'i rliiiii wiu< Unit lit Oiik lliiy Itcmli, llii' to ilay faiiiniiM watrriii^. Initliiii^, anil Hi^aHJili' t-i'sort of tlir rity. A yi'ar Hf(o littlr wax tliiMi||H'rty. 'I'liey plattl I'l^l. , I >ll^lt>l|ll. IlllH lllkn .-1|fV-|ll> twenty years in Canaila, always following a siinilar line to his present hiisiness. Coining to X'ictori.i eight years ago he eslahlisheil himself in real estjite, tinancial hrokerage ami insurance. In the latter he repre- sents for I5riti~h Coliimhia, as (iemral Agent, the I'roviileiit Life Insur- ance ( o., of New ^■|lIk, ami the Scottish National rnion ami Harlforil I'lre Insurance Co.'s. In his tinancial hasiiieis he has investeil ami m-gotiateil hirge slims of money lor t'anailians anil I'^isterners, ami the coiitiitence repimeil in him in this line retlVcts stror.gly, not only upon the ri'liahility of his o| inionson real estate valines hut u[>oii his integrity as well. He is consiilteil on all the leailiiig movements in real estate of the city, anil his character for honest ilealing has hrought him an imineiise line of |uilronage, iml only froin capitalists hut from working- men as well. He is coiinecteii w itit a lui'nls'r of the large symlicutes ■; I leailing men of the city, ami the tact that he is alw.iys husy is a • '(> I riterion as to his liv.siness creilit. IIHITISII lOl.lMl.l \.\S\\ .\M> INVKSTMKNT CoMIANV. 'I us husiness was staiteil in l.SliJ hy Messrs. Thomas .\ll.sop ami Ili'in> S. Mason, anil the husinesM wan inergeil suhseipieiitly into .Allsop ■t \!ti on. The presi'iit company was organi»'il ami incorisirateil in ■latiuary, ISK7, with a caiiital stock of S'JOO.IHH). Mr. ('. A. Hollanil was iipjHiinteil one of the .Managing nirectors of the coni|>any, with Mr. Henry ,S. Ma.soii. .Mr. .\llsop lisiks after the interests of the company in Knghtml. They make a spec'nlly of conveynncing anil loaning money, ami they have now some .*ti,(XlO,(K)0 investeil, jvirtly on mortgage* ami jinitly in the ileveIo|>nieiit of real ''state here nml in Vancouver In Victiciaahne they have erecteil, on one street —li'tween Douglas ami (iovernineiit, on ^ates street over ^'.lO.IKXI of luiililings ; ikSO.IHH) worth on (oivernment ami Hroail streets, ami a large nuiiilier out^iiie of tins city. The p'.lii y of the I'ompany is the ilevelopment of its own priipirty mot w.iiling for others to ilo it for theml ami a suh- slantial proof of this is the l.ict that tbey have only three lots in the city propel at present not huilt upon. The company is so well known throughout this country anil Kinilaml that further mention is hariUy iie4,S|), when he huilt ami tisik the management of the Clarence Hotel, now run in conjiiuctioii with the Drianl. This he gave up two yeara later, ami went into real estate aiwl insurance, which he has followed since that time. He is special agent for llie .I'Hiia Kire Insurancti Company of Hartfonl, Conn. ; thi' Ljiioii Mutual Life Insuniiue Com- ]iaiiv nf Maine, the l/iiiiloii Assurance .Sisiety, anil the Loan llraiich of tile Clown Life Insurance Company of Lomloii. Mr. Iiichanls hua hail a largo experience in real estate, ami, from his long experience nmler the i'rovincial ( lnvernment, is especially well informeil on loca- tion ami values. He has also taken interest in the mineral resources of the mainlanil, hut more especially those of the Islami itself, ami recent itiscoveries iiiaile hy his agents have shown some exceeilingly goisl specimens of easily workeil gohl iiuartz. Mr. Kichanls also [ler- sonallyowns an interest in the .Sooke Iron Mine, sitiiateil ilireclly on Kecher Kay, ahoul twenty miles from Victoria, openinij (Uit from a snug harlsir to the Straits of San .I'.ian ile Kiica, where ships call safely rule ami he loaileil in six or seven fathoms of water. Tlii:i property is a verilahle mountain of iron, practically inexhauatihle ; ami from recent analyses hy such reliahle men as Wm. Teague, of Vale, H. C, .1. H. Collins, K. (i. S., of lyonihui, Kng., ami Dr. Win. Wallace, K. R. S. K., nf (;la.sgow, Sootlaml, it is shown to contain as high as 70.07 |H!r cent, of metallic iron, with hut a liare trace of sulphur, only 1.40 of silica ami no phosphorus. The latter gentleman ilescrihes it as "a inagiiilicent magnetic iron ore of extraonlinary purity ami richncaa, caimlile of making the tinest pig iron, suitahle for conversion into steel hy the Uesseiner or .Siemens .Martin process." Mr. Kichanls was elccteil early ill ISIIl to the Munici|ial Council its a representative of Vales Stieet Want, ami is also a Sclusil Trustee ami a memher of th 3 K. C. Koaril of Traile. Me is i.lso memher of the N'icloria Cluh, the .lookey Cluh, the I. O. O. R, is a I". D. S. in the Forester*, ami I'. .M. W. in the A. O. C. W. llAltltKIT AMI CAIll'KNTKK. L. S. Moiilton Karrett was Inirn in Devonshire, Knglaml, and seven years ago he emigniteil to the .States, enjjaging in the cattle husiness in Wyoming. Two years ago hecame to \ ictoria, ami in the Kail of 1889 he'starteil the present husiness. heiiig joineil in .luly, 1890, hy Erick Conway Carpenter, who came to the States in ISS4. .Mr. (\ir|ienter has Iravetlcil very extensively, and has heeii engaged in the real estate husiness for some time. He hioated here ahont a year ago, when he hecame the partner in the alsive concern. They are the repr«.seiitativea of the Chandler & Coolicau Addition to Port Angeles, which controla eiglit hundred acres in one place and alnu't 1,0011 in another. This syndicate is one of the most progressive of any doing business there, and have the management of the advertising interests of I'ort Angeles. Hirrett and Carjieiitei aie agents for l/ow's Steamship Kxchange in New Vork and London. They have also interests in the Koolenay District, particularly Nelson and Trail Creek. They do a general coin- misaion husiness, h.andling Victoria property in connection witli their agencies. Kotli of the [virtners have an extensive acipiaintance in the mining districts of Initli Kritish Colnmhia and Washington. They con- trul ItU) acres of co.il lands in the Nicola Valley. JOHN KAKSMAN .vNU lOMI'ASY. This firm is practically the successor of .-Vndrcw and Kjirsnian, of «lii>-h Mr. .Andrew, so long and favorably known in connection with the Hudson l!ay Co., died a few months ago. Mi .lobn FAisnian, who is a Scotclimaii hy birth, came to this country about eight years ago ; spent four yeans in the steanilHiat transportation business, an'l subse- ipienttv entered the employ of the Hudson Kay Company, where he r< niaiiieil until March, I.S,S1. when he joined Mr. .\ndrew lu business ; he was liiv buver tor the Hudson Kiy Company, and had charge of the depot whii'h siippliv's ill! (Kisls lu Kritish l.'oluuibia. Mr. Karsnian is agent for the .\rmour Packing Co., of Kansas City, and Lightlwund, K.ilston * Co., the treat gro»ery housie of Montreal, the largest sup- pliers of dried fruits to Kritish" Oilurabin. He is also agent for the IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1 1.0 I.I 1.25 '- |28 |25 »^ ■■■ >^ IM 1 2.2 120 14 1.4 1.6 v^ ."^ /. <4 o / Photographic Sciences Corporation d t s^ «v .5;^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY MSBO (7161 s/s^ioa 04 I n T< yRi I //./. vsTR. I r/:/). Nrw York l.ifr IiinnniiH'i' Co , ami I'ifjr «r.f>t "t tlw I^Hin aii'l Ijiii cuwhirx Kiri! Iimuriuifi' ('». 'I'lir lm«in<-»t <•( the tirm u i^iicral cimii niii>4i nRimmto. TliU firiii U •'<>tii|irnt«-n ><«ra, ami A. -I. W. llriilKiiiaii, Utv of Kviit. Kii^laixl, who ban lK«-n hrrr for tbr |iaat four yfsr*. Mr. Joiipa, wlio in thv IH*tnrt I'aymMU-r (or thrCatia iliaii Militia niia>t twelve >i-«r«. Mr. HriilKciiuii, who joiiml t'w lirm our yntr a^io, u • .'(••licil<>r of the Siiprfiiir Court of KiiKlan huiiik of luonry for Kiighah riM-nta, aiii- (*o., <»f Ktlinhurgh, S^-otUkinl, aii Itritiah ColnnilMa in thr lirKinniii|{ of IH.SM. Ill- ia a iiativp of Soinlinil. whrn: hr waa in lb* rii>|>lovnM-nl of thi' ClyilcMtilc lUnk, *«i<|on. wbrrc h«*mlero«l into the ai-r^'iit' of tlii> Cliartert-fl lUiik of Imlia, .\uatralia aivl Ciiina. He r«'ni»iiu'il in their wrxici' until .lanuary. IHMH, wh«ti h«- r«>vi»f.l an a|iiKiintuii'iit ill lh>' Kaiik of HritinliColunilna t<>|>n«-rml tolhrir 1>ram-h in \ iitoria, H. C. Mr. Moreaervtil M-tiral ycmra in tb<- Vuvwia othc» uf thf llaiik of l(il*'*h Coluiuliia. ami waa |>rv>inotrni whnh lamfhn hr rraiKunl a yi-ar ti^> 'o cuter into iMiHiiicaa f'lr I'.iiiiat'lf. Thia tirm c«pmnH-fii-va at the uaiial rat4' of einhl |M'r cent, intrrrat. Una tino i« a lh a .Svitximtn aaHill In- foiiml in Hritiili (.'oluuihia. Tnrir |*rriiii««« in the Turner iMiililirik^, oil lll thorouifh kmiwl ^ltf«* of tin* niiuircuicnta ■>( liiji liuiiucaa, which haa lia.'en very sooceafttl IriNn the uutjwt, J. J. AI*TIN. The Mulijei'l of tliia aketch waa iHtru in lyitiiloa. Kni;lanuriiitf tile year* lihmlf of Victoria. IS.- waa aulMi«ii|ueiitly eniploycii in the Trea«ury ; later, m the Ia/hU ami Worki Ih'iHirtuient, afterwanU Ix^-oiuinK .\ctini( Aui|it«>r for ^he l*ro- viiic*' of UntiHli Coluiuliia. In IvClhi- ri-viifne*! hia |MP*ititHi t^i enter real entate, 111 hIiicIi he Um* Niiii-e l^-eii eii);a^(«^| |n ai|i|ifiKV r. iiijirrkiivM. The Biihjeit of tliK akelcli %».i» laini in Itremen. tiermany. in IH-TJ ; receiveil hii liuunea^ eiliicatioii in Hn-iuen. ami «u1««-'<|u<-ntly waa eii^fa^eil III iMiniiii'aM for three ye.irn at Ihan/i^, aii«l afl^-naanU five yeuri ill the coiuinit/iiou liuiiiieaii at KiveifaMil. .\t thi* turn* he went mill liuriiiean for liiuiaelf, lout inuiittf for thrive ii-^r* la-fore i.iMitin^ til tliia couit'.ry lu ISil'J. Ill laine arouiul the Horn ilimt t>> San Kian I ivo, anil froiii there, iii i iiui|u'i) Mith U I' ICilhet ami othem. I-«| ea1«le luiai iieaa. which he haa folloMiHl to the preaeni 'late rrolaiN) n.i r. al eatate man in \'ictiiria haa more alr^'liite ii*ntirc, anil manage ealatca for |H.ople Initli at home anil ahroail. Mil .io«iii I hivir-A Thia Kciitleiiiiin wa< Ihuii in .Xiiatralin, having lirai lifhl of ilay there on the •iU\i of March, IHIII When three yeara iM lie waa taken hy hia parent* to CHlifoniia, where he re«.eiTe«l Ala e«lnnati««i al the riiion I'lililic ami Hi^h .Scho.iU ot San Knuu-iaco. .\flrt Lirgely froui California, ami h.v.l a roanlrnl laiver in that atale iluriiiK thr yeara ll»77. "S ami '7" In l'<7!l the aenior nwmhrr of tbr liouae ilie.l, anil the huaineaa haa ever wince lit.en mrrietl on in ibe anae lirni name, hut aolely in the intereata of .haihiia itavira, wixi. IxiwpTrr, then 1-caa4.1l to hamlle inerchaiiiliae on hia own aiT-imat, ami haa atncw atrictly iiuraiii.il tliia {xilicy. Aa a luia luMia man, Mr iiavie* la pnn atwanl of reinarkalilv ki-eii iK-rception, ami la very ipiu k in *ln-vluig m ij'ieatioii. Aa an .iuctiiiiii.«>r, he haa the lamt rec-tirii in llriitah < ''Jntaila*, hating lielil the longrat catahiguca iiml largi.at imaietary aalrw ■•( urr- chamlia*. ever iiuole in the pro\ iiici'. In thia ctiOBnclafMI we 1 the Tuniei. IWetiiii ,\ Tunatall retail at>a k ami the aatola n4 li iMith of whi.'li were aohl liy .Mr l>avH«. .At the Utter aalr, wbirli incupieil two ilaya an. I cmiaiateil of '.'.Olll Iota, ea< h ila) Mr l>»rM* waa ai-lliiig the lU'tiNh hit at the eml of the (ourth hour t'hi ooe oow aiiin, however, he inaile a aale C7 he haa |»ai'l coiiait| with n>aiiy Urge real eatate trana.ictii>iia through. .Ill Ihituh Cultiniliia an>i the .state of Waaliliigtoii. The city of ."^iiliiaa "Wea ita liic* ptiiai t.i htm, he baVMjf laiught ami I ngiui.<'ret the a|ialhy of other ewlasy cir |aiiationa \(r. Davici haa 1 'iii.lui leil Urge aalf-a for the <>iiveniaieikt an.l the Huil«oii'a ll.iy Coinpaiiy : itii.l. while lua niarkeil aM'-«e^ Baitat h' lltrlliute.l 1.. hl-i own jaraiilial oualltlea, hia llitlliMte km>wlr4||e (rf real eat.ae vnliiea iiml hi* aoiiml jii.lgnieiit in the ii>aoi|>nlali-i« ui fxif* ertv, he haa known how lo atml hiinaalf ..f the ai.l alfonletl hy jndinuua ami Ihiiniiigh a.lvirtiaiug He la niaiiaging ilireclor .4 the NcUitnt'ilv l.nnil an.l linproveinent <'oiii|i,iny an.l the luvn-a Saywanl Swwmiil Ciini|Mny, the litter la-iiig tin- largi-«l laml ami null rny •■( liir Kiaileiiay iliair :. The hol.li;iga ..f thea<- iiiin|ainiea in thta aactMim will lie iuiiiiena<.|y prolitahle if the Kiaiti'iiay uiiiieHi ,«|) realirr one llillf the eV|aH tallonv Mr I'aMia haa iliilie inuih l.i entwhliah t>>r giaai retatlolia ekiatlng helweeli the Vlitorlana ami the Kiaileau) ^m!^^fU^, alwa)alllipre«aiug U|ain the former the inilnen» tallle ij ihelrxle nbtrb that ilKtr.cl lllllat ilevelnp For eight year* Mr Ihltlea waa •ilfe<'la« of the Uoval H'Kplliil ami ila iinai.li iit laat >iar H> la pn-MiWnt ••! till I'liit nil lal R.iy.il .liiliilei' l|.>a|.ii.tl, ami h.ia lak. n niii. h lotrmi in It. He la II iliri of the I I.I.I l-ilhiw aiel Maaiiiii. or.lei^ a«>l of tbr I'lolleei ami llrui»ll C..|llllll.rcw. .Mr llaiiea ha< la-, n iiilen alisl 111 ,1 iiuinlar of other I nea of l^auMM. proiiiiiiently among whi.li ii Kurl/'a cigar fa< lory : laii aaww bu ailvent in Victoria he |ia< n tir l.ikeii any |»«rt wbateirr in imliUcn. M.r.VIMiKn Kiil.A .11 MIL.1iB. V. eiingraliiig to llniHrio m hia l..)hl au>l re maining tlicre iiiilil IML'I, w lien he atarti-il lor the IVilic nmM via l|aiiania, ami ariiteij in \ ictot la m \HIH He wx. attrartnl l.y Uw Carilaai e«cllrlne;.t, nml at on. e h'lt foi there, anil waa fi« mmt- yr»n • ngagc.l with Ituie llnai . until hia n linn in |a7| t,. \ 1, toria. M thu tune he rntrrul the arrvii-v ol thv Cuitulua m» a junior ckrk. Al tJ>*t <- - a \ ■■•»«a. VICTORIA lU.USTRATF.n. •>5 tinif • « riil|i-.li.r llniiil>. Ih Ul Mr «;.-... Kry.- ami Mr. < 'lii Kin Uiwni, •nil')' ■uiH'rnniiiuUil. «rrr tb« ••ly lawlr ortitrti* Mr. Miliii- jjra|BMnliiii'iit !<■ Ilir III' iii'VtT laMir aCain ?raniliit< of tiii> |ii>rt. Altb-iaKh ai«a)'> a utau'n' li < ■••ii«r\«lm', IT liaik an ai'tivr tart in |>aMir aCain Hi- luw tilli-A Itntxli l'iii fur till' two yi'»r» !•( |hh7 arnl l*N». ha«ii>iC >«>ti|.i«^I tlir i liiir nf liniiiil Maotir Willi honor to liimvlf «n-l \\tr mft ihi January lit. IVNI, lie Miui a|>|ioiiili'i| < 'oll>'<'l>.r ii > n>1o^»«rtr<'( >lu|i|>iiii; iiimI Com IrolliT of I'liiiirM' (or tlii' Tort «W Vict<«u. Hi« iiMiiHiiiiHi for mi many yrara witli llir < 'ii»tom ll>«ar. Ilia n«rlr«y. kia ri-al '«na*K4i t«* lio 1*u«iih-««. an«l tin* rtlii'iinrv Willi whirh hi' haa |»-rfomi»'l hi» •l>it«r-^ ha««- maj»l. an|iiiiiitni«iit to hia |in-arnt |HMiliiin liaa >wm ainctjjr •« Uir fjau of civi< arniii'. r. I-. ■•tttiv.t «Mp m. Thia hiiu«r of impiirti-n **•! atraw4Mp a«rata ia iK\ hIkt ami Oiurlra t'urvrn, ■•i4h T<«ii|( lura. whiMr rrroni \\\v |uHt twoyi-amat Virloria u a rra>arlui>4r roe. Mr. runarn lao Kii)(li«li mam ha III lalifornia ; whilr Mr liaTfl^r. «h<> la ali»> KiiKliah liy liirth, Ii.kI ii|>riit titr yntn in imlia .Mnuta. <°hir.a aii'l .laiMU. in tin- I'liiploy of the t'hartrmi Hank •* likiia, Awtralia ami I 'lima. TIiih liroiiKhl .Mr. I>a\iilitr into •iwtacl aitk tbr mm hanta of tliore co'jii trii-a. till- ayntrni of iliHnic tm«»B«a vitk o(fc«r caaintniii ami tin- iiiiiii. iirr of rHliulatint; rt<'ha»|{r. ahuh h |»act>eally thi- nio>t l>romiii>'nt fai't'ir III I'oniiprlion with ini["rtat»« frtan otJh«^r cotiutni-n. \\\v nnull w.ia that till' lirm waaaMr lorrpmmtai acmtaaonx-irf th<- larK«at liouM-a of thf ttrii-nt «iii-h aa thr tcrral lira of Sa.itu«l. Namui-l ft Co. , of .laimii, ami otlK'rii ii|iially (ironiiiH-nt. Y. I' IHatkitfr ft Co. till onli-m cvrn to till' riiili'il Stat<» liy UmhI. aiMl an al4r t" aril a» low, Iwiiiy liroki-m, aa thr ijoinIii ■an la- li*! -Iirv. « Tbe> •»«itr^'l thr rutin- outp'it of om- of till' li-.-ithi-r (laiH-r niilU of la|Ma, whit^ Buau factum from thi- pulp of till' iniilUTTy tn-r. in an) ikaaipi. llx- hamlaomrot wall pniH-r in •••latiiio'. Thiy hamllr aL>> r»<». '4 whiHi Saniuil, Sani"-! ft Co. haiiilli' al>>ut half Ihr i-niira eipnrt. Tk^t liao-llr mlkn, ami I'vi-ii iiianilla <'i|{an>. w hn-h lattrr arr maAr fn«i Kaf ^iwn from H.iviuin loliiii lu'i'il Thr tiini hair bus nanMrtcau in all tlH- lar^i- ritii-n of till- I'nilol .■ Inn- a |iopiil.ir ^iml |a>wi rful i-omia-titiir m tlw iinf«l«l trwlr with tlii> Cuii.i limn I'arilir lim it •(• aiu»lii|H. Tl>» • 4f*rr of Ihia houar funilalii'ii foml for iKiwrrfiil ii'lli-ition To-iU» lh»» arr a^rrnla ot tin- .la|ian Twi .'- ; lif tJ>r T-kio Ixatiii r ra|ii r Mill* : till' Ciiii.K MilU. of K'>l>' : o( thrC.niMita i.ral .h- Talati-o-. ih- l-il- ipiiiiw ; ami of Charhn t aatiucU ft to iLiiur.ni), atnrl iron worka. of Kii^himl. T. >. j«>»e». L. 11. «. |lr Jom^ i« a ii.tiivr of Ti«>'«t<>. sbm- Im- tir»t n>iuni<'ni' thnv jraarw. Cuauac to t'k-Uina in |Hv4 hi- haa aiiiii* inailr thia iHai-v- hn koaiir. aa«i lua huilt up thi' lar^-al pnu-' tici' of ili'iitiatry HI Vii'toria Ilia aun. I : T 11 .l.«ii-a, |l. |i. S . who la a Krn'lililti' of ihr l'liilMUI|>>ika iMital ColtrKr, la hia mUi-ntiui- Dr. .liMMv'a h.biiilik'tmi- ri^i'li'iirr will Iv «wa la owr patfi-*. Mi- hax lii-t-ii i'il«'ri-«l«il in ni.tny pn.i -< l» (or th» aihaa ntu i in t «f Vioioiia iiilcrrati, iiotalily that of thr Kin-lm- Traaawajr C*— |MHy, nf ahlrh hr u vii-c pn Miili'iit. lUtraat^ a t •arm In •'oiii|Miiy with IIm* la*r Wiitiaai HmttlM- -at i'Im- tiiiii- Pii-nih-r for |{riti«fi Ciiluniliiai, Mr .wmttli. ah** wa* U^ii at l-Miiilnirifh, .Siil Ihii'I. Ill IMii. rnnir to Virtorta aii |-'ian< iiuo to I'liyatfi 111 null wriina in l*iT-. ■'^'iiki' that tiiiii' III- h.ui piiraiirvl hi* |irr'amt la a a ta gwa. a hirh inrlu'li-n if< iii'ial null Work. Itliiahliiit, i-oiilrai tioic ai»*l )«iilm-i- ami Mi'tro|a>lr Hoti-la ami Hank A Hnliali rahnalaa. of Vi.-loria : ami thr Ciivtoin lloiiM- ariil rtatt^^fccv at NaaainHi Hr waa tir«t i-lii-tnl .Milrrninn in IWttt. ami haa auMw arrtnt arira timra Hi- waa i hair man of Ih- Wali-r Worka (•■r foar yawx aad at ptvarnl :a ihairuiau of Ihr ."itn'i'tn ami roliii- Comiiiitta-rw^ • MiKLca aataakit. Mr. Haywanl .anir to Victana f IW! itiro-t fmni Stmtfonl. Kaadl, Kii|iiaii-I. whrrr ti-raahm al lii> faHiily alill iv>ii|iti'n-il ajwh an haa Im-ii, a mi-iiil»-rof tin jlairil. ami ia iiow Vii-t- Tn-aiih-nt of thi> Pro vih.ial liojal.liil.il.-r l|.»pital, honorarv Srcn-Ury of thr I'mtoaUnt llrphaiiaKi ami a .liiati.i- of thr I'raiv. '.Mr. Haywanl haa l»i>ii vury "iii.i'aafiil in a l>uaiiii-u w:iy, ami i> lartfrly intrri-alnl in rral ratate la.tli til ilii- lit) of \'i>'toria nml throiiitlKiut thr piwiuce. \ WiolvrK IKON WoKk". Thia im|M'rtaiit imluatrt i< aituaU~i| o« IVinlirokr itriH't, la-tw-M-ii I liuiiilaa ami lioM-riiTii.nl. ritrmliuj; through to I'nm-i-aii avniur. It u.iai-hial.jialii'.l III Iwj hy .M.«ini. WiU.ii Knm. C. II. Wilaoii mow Im inu (ji-ii.ial miinaifir ami pi i|TKr.«ii iiirrcL. Ilila hollar, aitiiatii) at liolilatmini, alamt rlrvrn milra fnuu Vic- tiiria, ia till- ti-niiinua ..( i,|.-;t«arr arekm of |>rrh«pa the iuo»t hi-»utiful ilrivi- aroiiml \i.-t..ria. Thr i^rnial |m.pnrt«r, .Mr. .lann-Ji i'hayrr, who han U-i-ii ■ atahliahi-il lirrr aonir aix yrara, roniini; origiiinlly from the .■"ilada. haa niaiir thr Iiou-m- rvcrrilingly faipnlar. In aihlition to tho lii-autiful atiolla anuiii'l hia houar. tln' ttn-am ami wi«»la in thr viimity alaiiiii.l with trout, pin aaaiit. (frmiat-. ilrrr. Uar ami ala.iii aiiythiiiK till- hiiiitniiian may .d-airr. .Mr. I'hayrr la hiinM-If an anhiit aiKirt-unaii. ami la always williiiK to ac-oni|ainy hia jfueat irti a hiintiuti rx|i<'ilit».ii. Ill' ia a yoiinjj niin. a larttr |ir>i|»-rty owm-r, ami haa laiuglit oiir thou.H.'iml a.-rra of liiir lamia, of whii li h..- haa iiiw humlmlwrvs umlir i-ultivution. I . E. >EI>FF.kN'. Mr. Ki-'Ifi'in rainc to thr Ciia»» v«ne twenty-nine yeari .ij;o, ami ha< «inrr iK'rn i-ni;.iKicl in hi« Iri'Sr of watchmaker, lie Wi* rlctli-.l .M.-ixor of llii- I ily in iSXj. ami x-rvi-H two umioui year* as Counrillor. l'..r lidin-n yrar* Mr. Kolfcrn ha» aupplin! the rjly with >'taniMiion alaivr his n-irr, »|irr.itini; it l.y machint'iy plai-i-.| v.mi- «-\rnl\ (iv.- leri in the rear of his liuiMing. Mr. Ktilfrrn is Iho owiH'i of i|n' I'uililin); he a lar^e anil oiuum>liou» woitshoi. in the rear irf hia shop, in which he eniploy* tue ^killi'tl workmen in ihc nunuCacturc of (inc jewellery ami re:i;iiriii|; work, lie lariii-'. a Mm-k of M.nie $40,000, ami ileal* only in vili I (-olil ami -iiver jewellery, hamllin^ mithin|; in the |>laietl |i.h>U line, txrept Mlile ware. .Mr. Kfilfein wa-. aaapteil the omtrail for the new Cily II.1II iliak .mil lull, lately put in (KMiion. whiih were inanufai liiifcil liy Mes^l- (iillelUV JohnwHi, of Croylon, EnglaiHl. Mllr HI'IIIUNG. Thi-s ia one of the imfmtiant imlu^rie^ of Victoria, ami employs ipiiie an .uiny of men. Mramer», sailing; ve^aeU ami all vnis of .rafl are liuilt ill llie \ariU, while the butlilinj; ami ei|uip|an{; i< thi- alwayn iiH're.isim; lleel of se.ilinu -.chiainera i* a lari;e imlii'^uy in itself. l'rinci|ial .-iiiion^ ihe ship \ar.K an- ihe "Star." the " Cenlraj," the "Civile." ami those of I-...I ,\ Ml hoiiijal. I. |. Kntiinvin, T. C. |nn« amlli. I). Mcintosh. .XuioUi; lhe-«- the " Star " ship yani i» ',lialilv the Uir|;eM, ami ia siuialeil on Ihe Imliaii ki-vr%e, ami is tillnl .ait to accomnnalale a nuniU'i of vessi'ls of all slip's. There are maihine shii|a» in connection, anil at ,ill limes «trauu-rs. iuj;s ami \ev*els are on the wa)s U'inj; rrpaireil. Mr. Warmi has limit s..iue ..f ihe hnr»l sralinc m hi>>iir.> .( the rteel, ami is loniinually iufnin|i ou: laiats of all ilevripiioas from the sm.ill sail y.-iilil .0 ihe steamer. •■ IHr. I i>I.O!«l>iT." Tki r.'.'iw/i/ news|>a|«rr was eval.lisheil in 1858 hy the lion. .\mor I li'Cosimis, anil since that time has hail an alnuM invarialily aiircevsful I .irt-i'i. Many other new sjwjiers ha\e sus-t-umlctt to the incvitahle, ami .lie iiiii.ilii-ieil wiih the almost for)^>(ten |»iooerTs who ilieil early in the sifu^j;le of .1 new iiaintrv. 1 hf t\u'rni^t. thri^ii^h ihe alaliu of its owners, telaineil its siipit-inai-\ .is the trailing journal of Itriiish I oliiml.ia through the varioii- siaj;>s i.f pi.»|ieriiy ami ilulness which ha«e Msiicil this I'ro Mine, ;he lion. I>. \V. Iligfins fimu iMb until xftfti hasint; );uiilew oimianol ••( \V. II. KIlis ami A. li. >ai|;ison. s»s uusi i-iuilrol of 7fc- <',>/;.»/// aiKl lis kimlrnl ile|ianuienl*. sih< e which lime. Ill stnipaih) wiih the KTowih of Victoria ami the I'rn- 111111-, ii h.is iiiaile rapi.l aiUance in taltte as a news|iai)er. anil is acknow- leil|ii-il as the ui'isi enter)>iisir.|« .in-l intluentul ;.airnal in Itritish Columbia. II is an i-i^lil')u^e -.4'\en-iolumn |lv eiliteil. It is Ularral CiKisertaiive in inililii-s, .mil is the chief or^an of the Protinrial I ..•'.rrnment. In connri-lioii with ihe uewspa|iri aie )oli prmlini;. laliel |4inlin(; ami lithiiKLiphic piuninf; i|i'|sailnu-nls. ilic work lutneii out in each heii^ cs|aal in merit to !liat of .iiiy othi-e on the i-ontinent. ** yufaria fltnttraftti" was compileil anil piiiiiisl in '/k,- Coltmifl oltice, ami ia an evWicoce uf the high class uf prinlini; ilone by that itulitutiua. *■ I- llf 1 VICTORIA ILLUSTRATED. "Tilt TIMES.' Is .in nt;lil (Kice sixoilumn iu-wsimikt, |iulili«hr.| by The Times rulilishing (.11., of which Mr. Win. TiniiiUnMn i> ihicf immi .iiid Ktiici.il nia:iaciT. It i» .•» Iiriuhl iu-»>.y i\iiun|; pajK-r, anil ailniir.iMy lilU Ihr tiilil II iicciipies. Il is Lilwial in ikiHiics anil in i>p|H)Miiiin tu the pri-scnt rrovincial (Kivtrnnuni. This ixiini wts nilnpiril liy ihf C'oni|>any in 1842 nii Ihclr rhii-f i«»l on the rarihc, when ihc t'"m|«ny rcniovfil from Orn. Thcit intiinsrs mi Wharf siriil arc !.pa>i tin>liii|; a lar|;r marktl in ihi- iii'i|;hl>iirin|; Slalts. loriiu'ily Iniih whiilr>al<' ami rrlail Iraili- ».is ralrrnl li>, l.ul rfcrnily iht- < 'aiiv's niana|;cnicnt here have withilrawn Innii the latter aiii) .^iieniinii is paiil THE HKIAKH IUHSK. (RKIWN h IIAKTNAlil.K I'mwTii. t.«..i Tll« llirilSON BAY company's hrail<|uarter» for iht Paeilic Northwnl are hicalnl in XHrtiiria, with Mr. K. II. Hill, .M. r. I'., in general char|;r. The fur ciillectii>n« are xriil Id this |ir>iiii from as far east as the I'eare Kiver iliKlrirt. am! then shiiipcd to I^.mlon. The sii|>|>lies foi iheif vaiioiis |>i>sts in llrilish ( oluuil.ia nn.l the Nurlhwnl Tcrritury wljuining Aiaaka arc furwaiilcd Ironi Vicluria. allo(;r(her to wholesaling;. The llmlson llay I'omiiany'k ami olhei sailiii(( Vessels annually l.iinK ilire> I (roen l^milon their 1 hief •i.«l> ^'f heavy giHalt, wines, liijuora, dr., ami loail leturn iar>riies of eaiimil salmon. Their ,inniial turn over of ^%»As amounts In aUiul a million ilollan. IVsjiIrs the Lifjje metcaiitilc liusineu Iransaileil. ihe I om|iony h«»e extensive real estate holilin|;s in anil near Vi< toria from which they eon ilaully derive a hamls»nic icvenue. i I hiff tNMt fin the lir piciiiisrs cm of all klnl lormt-rly Niih the l'oiiiianv'» tciiiiiin ii> |iaiU I I * 11 /*" . Ill iilhc'i sailiiit; • link •'< hrnvy ;ani)f^l ^Ininn. niillK'ii ilolUn. I'iiiit|«'iy have iliUli lilt) Clin-