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 I 
 
 At a ineotin<; of tlus Montreal Branch of tin- Imperial Fodci-ation 
 League in Canada held on >[on(hiy, the 21st Deeemhor, 1S85, at whioli Mr. 
 Henry Lyman, (Jhairtnan. presided, the following pa|»er was read iiy 
 Mr. Thonia>. Maclailane, F. IJ.S.C, and is pubiiHlied at tiie re(|ue>l of the 
 Hranch : — 
 
 Till' HOWS ot tlio tormiition of an Impi'iial 
 Ki'dt ration Ii-iikih-, by mmw of thf foifiiiost 
 htati'suu'n und iKliniiiistniltiis of tbt- l'inii)iiH', 
 WHS indueci ^liid tidiuf^s to many of us. In 
 many loyal hearts, srattfivd tar and wide 
 tliionnliont liritain's vastrolonial possessions, 
 tlif Ihounlit of a United Kmpiro has lie(^n 
 liidden away for years like a dn-am, the real- 
 ization of whieh seemed too mm h even to 
 hope for. A hundred years ago it was more 
 than a drtiam to the I'. E. Loyalists. It wa> 
 to them a iiope, a lelifiion, which caused 
 them to liyht on a losing side, to sacrilice 
 house and homesuad, and to begin a new 
 exile in the primitive forests of Canada, hut 
 upon British soil and under the British liag. 
 The Imperial Federation movement began 
 with those bardy backwoodsmen, and 
 iu my opinion it is matter for regret that the 
 name of our branch of the league does not 
 connect it with that movement of a hundred 
 years ago. If i)riority in originating and 
 dying foi our idea has any value, then the 
 name of our associatiou in Canada having for 
 its object the closer union of all British coun- 
 tries should be the United Empire league. 
 The friends of uidon in Scjuth Africa have 
 adopted the title of the Emi)ire league, and 
 have been allowed by the Imperial Federation 
 league in London to retain it, the aim and 
 principles of the two societies being the same. 
 Here in Canada it would not only be more 
 suitable, but would awaken historical recollec- 
 tions of which we may well be proud, if our 
 branch, with the consent of the so- 
 ciety at headquarters, were to be 
 called the United Empire League of Canada. 
 It can scarcely be denied that in some re» 
 spects the word " Federation " is an unfor- 
 tunate one for indicating our purpose. Iu 
 the mindis of those to whom it is meutioned 
 
 it causes visions of fcdtMal coinicils, new 
 constitutions, exiiensive IfgisJaturcs and 
 seltisU orii( c-holdeis to arise, and before the 
 ailvocates of union can explain their dilini- 
 tion (if federation, they have lirst to show 
 what the word is not to signify. B<!sides, 
 the cornMtiiess of the term is doubtful. 
 Sh')uld a closer imperial union be brought 
 about it will, and must ln', something alto- 
 gether «litleri;nt from any sort of ''fedtrra- 
 tion" which has heretofore existed. With 
 Canada already confederated, Australia 
 almost 80, and South Africa aspiring 
 to the same distinctio!!, their closer 
 union with the other parts of the 
 Em[)ire would become a federation 
 of confederations, without a parallel in his- 
 tory. On the other hand, the words " United 
 Emi)ire " are much more direct and signifi- 
 cant. They convey at once tl.e idea that the 
 empire is to be strengthened ijy union, and 
 that only such stei)S as can plainly l>e seen to 
 lead to that end will be advocated. The 
 notion of a "scheme" disaopears, and the 
 advocates of the new movem«?nt may at once 
 proceed to state what jiractical measures in 
 their opiniih would tenii to "combine on an 
 ecpiitable basis the resources of tht; Enn)ire for 
 the maintenance of common interests and 
 adecpiately provide for an organized defence 
 of common rights.'' 
 
 Dining a recent visit to England and Scot- 
 land t think I perceived evidences, among 
 the trading and middle classes, oi the 
 growth of a feeling of interest iu, and kindli- 
 ness towards the colonies. So far as I can 
 judge, this feeling takesthe shape of a desire 
 for closer union and better trade relations be- 
 twi.xt them and tlie Mother Country. Con- 
 temporaneously with this sentiment, there 
 seeras tu have ariueu a deep disuatisfactioQ nt 
 
tlu! inaiiiior in whirli llii; liw tiiitli! iidviiiicfH 
 <if I'.iinliiiul liiivt! bcfu mot hv t'oioiKn imtioiiK 
 (luiiuii; the- liirtt twoiity yiiirs. liven tliu 
 iiitisiiu and tlii- laborer, an well as the niaiiu- 
 lauliircr, aio becoiaiug awaro tliat no kikIi 
 IhuiKas Iriio trade exists in ilngland ; that 
 Hin li a tiling is impossible, so long as for- 
 eign iMtions impose liigb dutii s on Hnglish 
 exports. Tlif syKteni now prevailing is 
 ealled loul, tettonid, lalsc and foolish 
 trade ; rtitaliation is openly spoken 
 of, and the advocates of fair trade 
 are increasing in numbers. The colonics 
 come in for tlieir share of tlie blame, and it is 
 sometimes dillicult to persuade tlie ihltish 
 manufacturer that, the protectiv*! policy of 
 most colonies is necessitated by their peculiar 
 circumstances as new and undevidcped coun- 
 tries. It is here, 1 think, that tlie Imperial 
 Federation movement is exposed to the great- 
 est danger. It will never be accomplished, if 
 its consummation is to be postponed until 
 unanimity ol opinion prevails, as to tarilf 
 questions, throughout (he British Empiri;. On 
 this account I was induced to bring forward 
 and explain to my Scotch and English friends 
 a plan for the establishment of a united em- 
 pire, capable of producing an Imperial 
 revenue, providing for naval dercuce 
 and improving British trade. This pliin 
 met with the hearty approval of 
 many of my Liberal as well as Conservative 
 friends, and this, as well as other reasons, has 
 encouraged me to make it the subject of the 
 present paper. It is, brictiy stated, the im- 
 position of a duty of ."> per cent, on all imports 
 from foreign countries into any part of the 
 Empire, the proceeds to be devoted exclusive- 
 ly to naval defence. This duty wow) ', of 
 course, be over and above and independent 
 of all existing tariUs, home or colonial, nor 
 would it prevent any of the provinces of the 
 Empire from modifying its ordinary taritV in 
 any way it saw tit. 
 
 That it is the duty of the colonies to pay 
 their share of the cost of defending their 
 shores and shipping was most forcibly and 
 eloijucntly set forth by Principal Grant at a 
 public meeting held in this city in May last. 
 So far as this country is concerned, I should 
 like to see this dutv fullilled at once, but un- 
 fortunately we are unable to cause other 
 jteople in this country, all at once, to look 
 a* the matter from our point of view. They 
 are not always prone to act on sentimental 
 or patiiotic grounds. T:ie (luestion ot ad- 
 vantage has to be debated, and if we can 
 Khuw that it is not only our duty, but our iu- 
 
 tereHt,to contribute to the defence ot the Em- 
 pire the work of converting otiiurs to our 
 principles will become easier. 1 shall en- 
 deavor to show that such a plan as the one I 
 have indicated would very much stimulate 
 material progress in all British possushious, 
 besides providing a revenue for thuir defence. 
 With the assistance of your honorary soc- 
 retary 1 have tried to ascertain the annual 
 value of all foreign imports into British teiri- 
 tory and estimate it to be approxituately as 
 follows ; — 
 
 Into(iivat Britain and Ireland . JC3'28,2lu,()0U 
 
 lulo India . . X, 7,8(18,00(1 
 
 Into HtraltB settle- 
 
 nic-nts 7,ti4(;,(M>() 
 
 Oylon 162,(100 
 
 X. 
 
 Into Mauritius 
 
 Into New .South 
 
 Wales 
 
 Into Victoria 
 
 IntoHowth Australia 
 Into West Australia 
 
 Into (.Queensland 
 
 Into New Zealand.. . 
 
 Into Natal X 
 
 luto Cape of Ciood 
 
 Hoi)e 
 
 latoLuKOs 
 
 Into Uoid Coast 
 
 Into Sierra Leone. . 
 
 15,m(i,(iOO 
 885.000 
 
 I ,!l'20,000 
 l,ltt58,()(IO 
 
 ;jit'j,()oo 
 
 Ki.OOO 
 
 102,000 
 
 ti.'i'-'.UOO 
 
 in 1,000 
 
 76il 0(11) 
 
 140,000 
 
 84,000 
 
 1 2G,000 
 
 ■X 5,060,000 
 
 I Into Canada XI -,21 5, 000 
 
 I Into Newfoundland. .")12 000 
 
 1,316,000 
 
 Into Jamaica X 410,000 
 
 Into barbado.s 488,000 
 
 Into Trinidad l.uio.OOO 
 
 ■ X 12,727,000 
 
 Into British Guinea 
 
 2,21)8,000 
 516,000 
 
 Total x:i0(i,528.00(t 
 
 A duty of .5 per cent, on this sum would 
 
 realize .tl8,(joo,000 sterling, a sum far more 
 
 than sutKcient to meet the Imperial naval 
 
 estimates, which now amounts to about 
 
 fl 2,000,000 a year. It would, however, bo 
 
 unwise to propose a lower duty than ,"> per 
 
 I cent, ad valorem at iir-st, because it might be 
 
 ! necessary to exempt certain articles even from 
 
 ! the 5 per cent, duty, and, moreover, the adoii- 
 
 tion of our plan mitrht cause a slight diminu- 
 
 ' tion in the (juantity and value of foreign 
 
 ; imports. 
 
 In proposing such a duty as this, I entirely 
 ^ disavow being actuated by consiilerations 
 either for protectionist or free trade prin- 
 ciples. I start from the position that the 
 British Empire exitts, that all are interested 
 in having Us coasts and .shipping adequately 
 ^ defended, and that the cost oi so doing should 
 , be borue ecjuitably by those receiving the 
 'bent-tit. We have our choice of raising the 
 j money required for this purpose chietly by 
 
tliiTcl tuMitiuii. iiK \h <loiu> ill Kii^laiid, or iii« 
 iliit'ctly l)> ciihtoius duties. | tliiiik all wh«) 
 liiivc ('()Il^<itll;l'l:(l thr Niilijui't will iidinit thnt 
 viv itiniidt n'Hurt to dinict ttiXHtuiii liuru. It 
 otily ifiuiiiiis tlieii to oii<|uiie wiietlur the; 
 ( (ilunifH Hlioiild ('(iiitiibutc tlioir ijiiota troni 
 tlioir onliiiary rovi'inic or hy meatiH ot a spe- 
 cial duty such as I liavo proposed. 
 Tliti latter I advocated as the fair- 
 est and most convenient. IMu^ im- 
 posed upon all ).;uods of whatevtr character, 
 rcceiveci froiu ports external to the Mritish 
 Hnipire, it cannot be said to he protection- 
 ist or for the purpose of favorinK any par- 
 ticular industry. That it *ould, however, ; 
 lavor the trade and commerce of the Hmpire [ 
 generally, is, 1 believe, apparent, and it may 
 be well now to enquire how this customs duty 
 vi 'i per cent on foreigu Roods would be 
 likely to ailect trade in the various parts of 
 the Empire. 
 
 Hy far the greater part ot the cost of the 
 naval defence of the Empire would, if my 
 suggehtion were adopted, still have to bo 
 borne by Great Britain and Ireland, for their 
 loreign imports amount to IK) per cent, of 
 those of the whole Empire. Hut, instead of 
 having to be raised by the income and other 
 direct taxes, it would be b vied on goods from 
 foreign countries. At present, as is well 
 known, customs duties are levied principally 
 on tobacco and snulf, wines and spirits, tea, 
 coll'ee, chicory and cocoa, currants, tigs and 
 raisins. On what i)rinciple other articles 
 e.xcape duty has never been very intelligible 
 tome. Why raw materials should be duty free 
 one may perhaps comprehend, but the argu- 
 ment in favor of this does not apply to foreign 
 manufactured goods. Mr. Slierlock, of Liver- 
 pool, has published some vtiry remarkable 
 tigures regarding the importation of these 
 into England. During the fourteen years 
 ending :. I St December, 1884, there were ad- 
 mitted, entirely duty free, the following 
 goods : — 
 Silk nianulaclures toihe VHliieof.i;l4S,o97,I IM 
 
 Woollens, carpi'ts and rug.s !tii,HH(»,04:! 
 
 Cotton nianulaclures 'J7, :(;!'. .)7t» 
 
 Cheiiileals • ' r),!>tiit.541 
 
 Clucks and watches. ' :f,15'J,'24ii 
 
 Copper iiiaiiul'acliired ;ss,,S'J8. .>.!(' 
 
 (iloves of leather •Jl.'.(lS7,-.Mlii 
 
 (Jlassinaiuifacture.s •J'J,(;!7,ii.!4 
 
 Hals and bonnets ot straw 88!>,y'-'7 
 
 Iron sleel manulaetures and ma- 
 chinery •Jj,;>;vj,584 
 
 Leather, tanned 44,8i)8.£81 
 
 Lead, luanulaclured '_'l..i8t<,8oO 
 
 Oilseed cake 2'J, 135,072 
 
 I'aper 15.(;3!»,845 
 
 Hui,'ar, retlned. and candy .'>8,i;ih.; h;{ 
 
 /Ine, manufactured 15,285,072 
 
 Gootls unenumerated 556,927,483 
 
 III all more llian 1,1 1<> million 
 pounds sterling. A duty (d .^ per 
 cent, on this would have produied over 
 i.'i7,()i)u,o()>), or 1' I,u'.m;,:!;hi per annum, an 
 amount almost as much as is raised trom the 
 duty on tea. It is haid to adduce reasons in 
 favor of taxing tea whi( h would not apply 
 eiiually well to silks, clocks and wat* lies, 
 paper, sugar and inuKJcal instruments. It is 
 plain that (iitat Ihitaiii and Ireland woiihl 
 sillier no disailvanlagt^ from havinu customs 
 diilirs levied on these, rather than a corro- 
 spondiiig ainoiiiit of revenue now raised by 
 duties on imports from Hritish Colonies or by 
 other ta.ves. Among raw materials the most 
 troublesome items are, of course, lloiir and 
 grain. Our proposed duly of f) per cent, 
 might be stigmatized as an attempt to raise 
 the prices of grain for the benetit of the 
 fanners. That it would have this elhct is 
 very doubtful. The food supplying capaci- 
 ties of Canada, India and Australia 
 arc so enormous that the only ef- 
 fect of the .") per cent, duty would 
 be to give to the foodstulls of Hritish posses- 
 sions a preierence over those of Kussiaand the 
 I'nited States without laising their prices. 
 j Hut even assuming that the prices of wheat and 
 tlour were to be increastMl by half of theaniount 
 ot the duty, that only means the addition of 
 lu.'.d to the priceof a(|uarter of wheat at :!."»s, 
 which could not materially ellect the price of 
 bread To put a duty on manufactured articles 
 and allow raw materials and grain to remain 
 free would really be a species of protection 
 which we are told the English nation woulil 
 never approve of. Hut to |)Ut a light tax on 
 all imports without exceptions, would bt; fair 
 all rounil,and it would beditlicult to single out 
 any description of import which should not be 
 called on to pay lor the protection which 
 trade in it receives from the Hritish navy. 
 
 Over against the disadvantages of this o per 
 cent, duty to (ireat Britain, if there really 
 are any such, must be placed the 
 preference which tier products would 
 obtain in the niaikets ol her colonieii 
 and India. This is no slight consideration, 
 in view of the increase in the duties levied by 
 foreign countries on English manulaetures. 
 This, and the consei|Uent loss of her foreign 
 markets, is one of the causes of the great de- 
 pression in trade now iirevalent in England. 
 Even dur'ng the short time of my last visit 
 there, I heard that Germany had increased 
 the duty on tirebricks by 17s per ton, and 
 had proposed to put a duty on imported coal. 
 This would, uo doubt, have been done had 
 
not MulKiiitii tlirmteiH'd in tliiit ovtnil to put ii 
 coiiiitei vailing' <hity on tin* cdiil l>i(>ii;;lit by 
 hiM' niiiiint'itctni'ciH troni Klu-iiiHli I'lussiu. 
 ISnt Kii^'laiid iIdoh not nvcii uniinlilc — far Ichh 
 thnatcti — ami tlir li^w (ii'it ports Htill irniain- 
 ihK open to Iiit art; mostly in her own possrs- 
 BJons, aiKJ even thcrt! tlii! tort'i.Lrtii'r, who pro- 
 tfctK his own inarkf^ts. is most unjustly 
 placed on an even looting with her. The 
 more expiesHion of a wish to hiivt; 
 HTich matters otherwise airanni'd would 
 doubtlt-ss have prompt att(;ntion in 
 her colonies, Imt free trade KnKland 
 Ik too proud to ask any favors. If our ") i)er 
 cent, duty were levied on non-Hritish goodH 
 not to protect British trade, hut to trive it 
 the preference and to raise a revenue tor Im- 
 perial defence, loreign nations would have 
 to pay a little for access to Ihitish markets, 
 although far Ichs than they charge for admis- 
 sion to tlu'irown. The slight discrimination 
 would turn tiie s<ale in favor of llngiish 
 trade and an improvement in it woidd at once 
 be apparent. 
 
 We have seen 'hat nine-tentliH of the ( ost 
 of the naval defenctj of the British 
 l',m|)lrt! wt)idd, under our sclunie, still full 
 npon tireat Britain and Ireland. Of the re- 
 maining tenth, about one-third would have to 
 becuntiibuted by the Dcmiinion of Canada. 
 Five per cent, upon her foreign imimrts 
 would amount toabout jLGOO, ()()() or §:{,()()(), - 
 UOO annually. When we consider that our 
 neighbors to the south have much higher 
 duties, we cannot 
 per cent. additional 
 the L'nited States 
 nent of Europe would 
 much inconvenience. PosKibly on Home ar- 
 tides, however, the ordinn.y rate of duty of 
 the Dominion taritf would have to be modi- 
 lied. Importations from Emrland would lie 
 unalVected anil very likely increase in amount. 
 Many descriptions of hardware, glass and 
 pigments would be bought in England in- 
 stead of Germany, and raw sugars would 
 come from British West IndieH rather than 
 Cuba. 
 
 On the other hand Canadian timber would 
 have the advantage in the markets of Eng- 
 land over that from Norway or Russia, and 
 perhaps manufactured lumber now supplied 
 by the United States and Norway could be 
 furnished from Canada. The trade in grain, 
 Hour, farm produce, cattle, tish and pe- 
 troleum with Great Britain would be stimu- 
 lated, and very possibly it might be found 
 that certain mineral products, now supplied 
 
 suppose that 5 
 on goods from 
 
 and the conti- 
 be productive of 
 
 by other countries, woidd be shipped Irom 
 Canada to England. 
 
 India would ((mtributit tibout L I(mi,(i(mi, 
 and .1 I )'r cent, on hi^ fureign imports, which 
 are now mostly free would hardly be felt, 
 lien; too English miinufa< tiires would be 
 beiietited as (diupared with those Irom otiier 
 parts of l'iuid|ie, from China or the l'nited 
 Stales. With regard to Indian exports the 
 growth of cotton, rice, wheat .lud lea would 
 b(> stimulated, and possihlv many varieties nl 
 limber he sent to I'ingland \vhl< h lUi' now ob- 
 tained from Central and South America 
 
 As regards the West Indies, it is possilile 
 that our discriminating duty of f) per cent, in 
 favor of Briti^h |ii(idu(ls wtuld favor- 
 ably atlecl tlu^ sugar jtlantations in .lamaica, 
 Baibadnes, Trini<lad and Deiiierara, and sure- 
 ly this advantage would not be miidgeit by 
 any one t(» an interest which has sutfered so 
 strverely from unfair competition on the purl 
 of foreign countries. Manv of us indeed, be- 
 lieve thiti dniies sho-.ild be levied on foreign 
 sugars, eipiivalent to the atnouiit ot bounty 
 of which they have the beiietit, and our "i 
 per cent. duty would lend slightly 
 in this direction. It would also lavor 
 tl.e trade in colfee, cocoa, mahogany ami dye 
 woods with British Honduras, Biilish 
 Guiana and the West India islands rather 
 than with Guittemala, Mexico, Ecuador, Bra- 
 zil, \'enezuela and Mayti. Kruit, drugs and 
 India rubber from the British tropics would 
 also have the advantage. 
 
 We cannot imagine that Australia would 
 make any olijection to paying her share of 
 the cost of naval defence, seeing that New 
 South Wales was the tirst British colony to 
 seiul, at its own cost and completely eiiuip- 
 ped, a contingent of troops to aid the Impe- 
 rial forces, and that Victoria has been the 
 only colony wliich ollered naval assistance to 
 the Admiralty under the Colonial Naval De- 
 fence act. If any inducement were required 
 it might be found in the consideration that 
 her wool and copper, together with the Hax, 
 gums and peculiar timbers of New Zealand, 
 would be favored in British and Indian ports. 
 
 In what particular manner British Africa 
 and other distant islands and possessions 
 would be affected by our pioposal it is impos- 
 sible for us, with our limited knowledge, to 
 say. But there is every reason for supposing 
 that its inlluence would be very beneficial 
 generally. As to foreign countries, they liave 
 thrown into the faces of British political 
 economists their advice as to free trade prin- 
 ciples, and cannot complain of oar following 
 
 ' 
 
7/ 
 
 : 
 
 I 
 
 their oxninplc to tin" liinittd <xtont of extort 
 iiii; Ndtiic Hli^lit ('(|iiival)'tit U>\ |ii-riniHf'iiii> to 
 tnide ill oiu ii)iirkt;ls. After itl!, even tliev 
 would derive Kotne l)eiie(U t'roiii tlit^ |iro|ioHed 
 tax, for llie Mritisli navy is tiie iniiritie police 
 force of tlii^ World, from which tlie cotiiiiicrct 
 of all the ( iviii/.ed iiutioiis derivcH uuhiih- 
 pected hnnelits. 
 
 If the variolic niemhers of the Hritish Ktu- 
 pire were to <'onHeiit thiix to allow a duty of 
 Ti per cent, to he levied on their imports from 
 foreign coiintrieH, and to auree to eontrihiite 
 the proceedn towards the iDainteiiaoctt of tht> 
 Ihitisli navy this would constitute an Im- 
 perial rev(;nut! dilferent altouether. and to l^e 
 ke|it entirely distinct from colonial, Indian 
 or Hnulish revenue. Its manaireinent init;ht 
 be entrusted to the picsent Imperial Oovern- 
 ment, acting in concert witli the .Colonial 
 (ioveinmeiits, r<'preseiited l>y their affents' 
 general, on the understHndinL; that the 
 Hritish navy \h to he lejfarded as a truly 
 Imperial institution. This, indeed, it has 
 loiiK heen, tlianUs to the K*'"t"osity of KriK- 
 land, who has hitherto defended \n'r coJonicH 
 without hiiitiii); ahout recomoense in the 
 slinhtest possible way. It would, of course, 
 follow that the miiintenanc e of the various 
 fortified harbors and coaliim stations neceHxaiy j 
 for th<! tli-et would he defrayed from this i 
 new Imperial »'Xche(|Uer, and, no doubt, [ 
 the workinjj of the various tele- ; 
 Kiflph lines for keepiof; up com- j 
 niunication between thest; and the mother 
 countiy would be chaijjeable a^iiinst the 
 same fund. In this way not only would the ; 
 various parts of tlie Empire bo more closely | 
 
 united nnd Ix'tter oruani/.ed for purposeH of 
 defeiici', but thev Would be iiic identally fa- 
 voiin^ ea( h otiiei as nuaitls the int'ichanv*) 
 of their respective producis whether ((insist- 
 iim of raw or manuf.K fured mateiial. Whe- 
 ther the motherland or the colonies should 
 luaku the lirst advances towards jiropos- 
 in^' Home SIX h arrangement as I 
 liave indicated, it Ih perhaps uti- 
 nei (ssary to disi iiss. It miixht be said that 
 (ireat Ibitain, liavini; be(>n the liist to take 
 action in abolisliim; the old dilbrential 
 duties, should be the tirst to propose 
 tlicir reimpositioti. In any i ase it would 
 seem practicable to put the proposed plan in 
 opi'iation without waiting; for the reali/.ation 
 or even di-'Ussioii of any elaborate scheme 
 of Imperial Federation. A simple appli(a- 
 t ion of the imperial to the ( oloiiial authorities, 
 or vice versa, mi^hl prodiu e the wisheil lor 
 result without any ^'rcat ( onslitutioiial 
 < hiin^e. If a constitution for tlur whoU; 
 l')iii{iir(! should iiltiiuitaly Ixcoiiie neces>ary, 
 it would prohubl.N be best to leave it un- 
 written and allow it ^ladually to develop as 
 the Ihitish I onstitution did before it. 
 
 It is believed that the results of .such a 
 policy as that now advix aled would be very 
 fiii-icaching,and that the remotest parts o| tlut 
 JMiipire would let I its benelii iai inlliieiK e. 
 Imier its operation the time would very soon 
 ariivt? when it would be possible to say with 
 triiih, 
 
 '• Tliroiujli all her vast domains old Kimland's 
 heart 
 
 Ni'w iiret>loi (1 si'iids, cnkinill'iii; as of yore 
 HiiJli hope tliat ne'er lier Kiiiolre sliall depart, 
 
 iJul llrm united be tor evermore."