^, 'f^±.^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) .*ii ^4^ .•^^. i^^l^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 Hi 125 If iiiim \A. Ill 1.6 /] /: > > > /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. UStO (716) 873-4503 '^ '^ i/.J. CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microreproductions historiquas O' Tachnical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas The Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy avaiiabia for filmino. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may aitar any of tha imagas in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad baiow. L'Fnstitut a microfilm* la maillaur axamplai/e qu'il lui a «t« possibia da sa procurar. Las details da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-Atra uniquas du point da vum bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifier iin9 imaga reproduita. ou qui pauvant axigar una modification danr la mithoda noimala da filmaga sont indiviuia ci-dassous. [7 Colourad covars/ Couvartura da coulaur — Colouri^ pages/ Pagea da coulaur P^~ Covars damaged/ Couvartura andommagika D Pages damageo/ Pages andommag^es L^ Covars rastorad and/or iaminatad/ Couvartura rastauria at/ou pellicula f-^mmrn Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurias at/ou pelliculAes L Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua "7 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dAcciorias, tacheties ou piqu^es 1 Colourad maps/ Cartas giographiquas mn coulaur — Pages detached/ Pages ditachies a Coloured ink (i.e. other then blue or black)/ Encra da couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) r^ ShOvVthrough/ j I Coloured plataa and/or illustrations/ D D n D Planchea at/ou illuatrationa en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli* avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La r9 liura serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la diatorsJon le long do la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blenches ajoutles lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans la texte. mais, lorsque eela Atait possible, ces pagea n'ont pas tti fllmie*. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplimentairas: Transparence Quality of prir Qualiti inigala de I'impression Includes supplementary matarii Comprend du matiriel supplimentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible I I Quality of print varies/ r~l Includes supplementary materiel/ rn Only edition available/ D Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc.. have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Lea psges totalement ou partieliement obscurcies par un feuiliet d'errata. una pelurn. etc.. ont iti filmies i nouvaau de fapon i obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at tha reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de riduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X y 12X 16X 20X 28X 30X 24X 28X 32X Th« copy filmed h«r« hat b««n reproducsd thanks to the gsnarosity of: Seminary of QuabM Library L'sxomplaira filmi lux raproduit grica k la gAnArositA da: Siminaire da Qirfbec ilibliothAqua Tha imagat appearing here are the beat quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in Icaeping with the filming contract speclficationa. Las images suivantas ont itt ropruduites avac la plus grand soin, compta tenu de la condition «t da la nattetd de rexamplaira film4. et an conformity avac lea conditiona du contrat da filmage. Original copies in printed peper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover end ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other origii*al copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a prir^ ad or Illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. S.es exemplairee originaux dont la couverture en papier eau ImprimAe sont filmte en commenfsnt par la premier plat et en terminant soit par la darnlAre page qui comporte une emprelnte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par la second plat, aelon le caa. Tous lea autres exemplaires originaux soiit fllmte en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impreaaion ou d'illustration et en terminant par la darniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recoried frame on each microfiche shall contain the ^iymbol — ^(meening "CON- TINUED"), or th« symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever appiiea. Un das symbolaa suivants apparaitra sur la darniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Meps. plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at diffitrant reduction ratios. Those too large to be Sf^tirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fiimto A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atra reproduit en un seul clichA, ii est film* A partir de i'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche i droite, et Je haut en bas. en prenant la nombre d'images nAcessaira. Lea diagrammes suivanta illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 6 ■•lanMkPM MM qpE?s»s2=3p . TIf E FMMS ■■4 ''0 COUNCIL 6f AGRIGUi.TtJW .-/ A . -" ( 6f the MOVtNOI} 0F;^tr$B^. \ •"• .• , -Sues' '^ 1861 i^ «?**• vStSSr^T ^nESSI ii fc ii »i ■iiiiii M* ' ■< « iii' i ii p iip i *#■ r.t;vttii'n'l|i l l ^^ iiii lL J * '* ! ■\ -1l ."SI - <)l r -^1 ii^-^'l" ^ r --« >■.* : - \it *--*^^ m , ■ -f' w ■""-,- n ■ •'t'..--^-"^'.:.:^,.; - ■ ■-■ - * J ■ ■'• " z -•^ ■"■■■ ' '•'^■ ''' . : ■:-;/;-;'. ^ • r . . ■^ ^' - ? - ,.■■ w-^--'~-,v:iv'-'*-' S»-x\ .. >«■!••: '^ ■' •*"'>' > ■^'|» -t. .■** ' ..• ^ ' *<::■ ■1*-'' -',.■•'! .'v''^^^ . ■t^ •5--^ •%:■ Ci 'i, -»^ '■ INSTRUCTIONS TO THE JUDGES FOR THE COMPETITIONS .''«- OF THE BEST CULTIVATED FARMS AS APPROVED BY THE COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURE -*'i ■• ' mf' OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. ^■'-''Wifii&fu CANADA PRINTING COMPANY, 30 ST. GABRIEL STREET 1S«1 INSTRUCTIONS TO THE JUDGES FOR THE COMPETITIONS OF THE BEST COLTIVATEO FABMS AS APPROVED BY THE Council of Agriculture of the Province of Quebec. I=>K.O(3-E.A.lN^l^E. V. The system of rotation to be from six to twelve years on all farms which can be so cultivated. — Ten points, EXPLANATIONS. The judges will allow 10 points for a system of rotation when the Farm is sufficiently good to be cited as a model. And for any defects they may find, they will deduct an equal number of points. They will act in a similar manner with regard to the nt.hpV p.nnrlihinna ^f k\\, \i\ r\inf\rrY**i-nmnnn i-ij Vi\J~i.2.fS,i.i.ii.i.M\Z, — 4 — J' By rotation is meant the order followed in the cultivation of a farm, for example : lo Hoed crops, such as potatoes, turnips, carrots, beets, Indian corn, &c. ; 2o Wheat or barley with clover and grass seed ; 30 Two or three years of hay according to the nature of the soil ; 40 Two or three years in pasture. 50 One or two years of cereals, wheat, barley, rye or oats provided the same grain is not sowed twice in succession on the same field. Hoed crops, which are the bases of a good sys- tem of cultivation, are then resumed to commence a new rotation. j f There may be other systems, also good, ot shorter duration. The nature of the soil the proxi- mity to a large market, the diverse speculations ot the proprietor, such as the production of milk, butter or cheese, the raising of cattle on a large scale, the proximity to a beet root sugar factory, &c such circumstances may require certain changes in the order of the rotation recommended above, and the judges must take these into account in order not to deprive the proprietor of the benefit of points, if his system is that which is best adapted to his requirements and yields him the most profit. — 5 — In a good system of cultivation the soil nuist be improved by manuring and mellowing, which is the reason for beginning with hoed crops which require abundance of manure, deeper ploughing, weeding and hoeing. A system of cultivation which does not improve the land cannot be considered a model, in which case the Judges must not allow the ten points. II The different divisions of the farm should be fenced, and communicate with the stables by means of an alley or otherwise, for the passage of the cattle. Uncleared portions of the farm shall not enter into the system of rotation. — Ten imnts. For 'points to he alloiced, please see Article XIL It will be observed that, in a good system of rota- tion, the land must be divided into as many equal parts as there are years in the rotation. Thus, in a rotation of ten years, the farm must be divided in ten equal parts. Each of these parts, in succession, should be cultivated according to the order of rota- tion. Where an alley is not necessary, the judges must not deduct any points. — 6 — III The fences shall be kept in good order. — Ten po'mts. The different fields need not bo divided by fences, but Ihey should be marked out in such a way as to be easily seen. Those in pasture are the only ones which must be fenced. Fences tied with wire are preferable to those made with pins, they should be straight and tops of the pickets well rounded to prevent their breaking or splitting when driven into the earth. Pickets should be driven 3^ feet into the earth, to be free from the action of frost. IV Ditches and trenches in good order.— jTen joints. The sides should be slanting to prevent the earth from falling in. A ditch or water course, having perpendicular sides, does not deserve points. The bottom should have a uniform fall to pre- vent the water from remaining in it. The cleanings from the ditches should either be spread over the land or carted to use in a compost heap. '* Ditches sli' uld draw off the water from the adjoin- ing land. The ends of the furrows connecting with the rigo- les should be thoroughly cleaned out after harrow- ing so as not to obstruct the water. No stones ncflr weeds in the fields. Weeds along fences to be mowed. — Ten points. Weeds should be mowed along the roads and high- ways. Farm competitions having been established with the object of promoting improvements, and remune- rating the labour of the competitor and of exciting emulation among farmers, no points should be given for the absence of stones where there have never been any. For the same reason, in counties where roots and hay are cultivated on a large scale, or where there are large permanent meadows or pastures, Agricultural Societies will be permitted, with the sanction of the Council, to modify some of the conditions of the programme. Large stones should be blasted and carted away, used in making fences, or broken up for draining purposes, or macadamising roads, and should not be hurried as under the action of frosty they gena- *Prk rhg rauy r'.be lu hinj ouii-aoe. ~8 — Weeds along fences or elsewere should be pulled or mowed before they arrive at maturity. VI Cattle in good condition and in proportion to extent of the farm : at least one head of cattle to each four acres under cultivation five sheep counting as one head of cattle. — T^a points. By head of cattle is meant one horse, one cow or bull, five sheep, or four pigs. For instance, on a farm of 2 by 42 arpents or 84 arpents in superficies in a good state of cultivation, there should be at least 21 head o^ cattle. In a more avanced state of culture this same farm could feed a greater number. Should the farmer tind it more profitable to sell part of his fodder, without any detriment to the proper feeding of his stock, the Judges will take into consideration the surplus value of fodder sold. Particular attention should be be paid to the cir- cumstances of each case. Some people ruin them- selves by selling too much fodder, or their stock becomes poor and the soil exhausted from want of manure. As a general rule, the sale of forrage, in larfire nuantities, is not advantageous for the improve- ment of the soil, and it should be considered as a bad 1/ >• 1/ — 9 — practice, especially where the farmer has no other source of obtaining manure but from his own stock. The farmer, who finds it more profitable to sell his forrage and with the proceeds purchase artificial or natural manures, should not be deprived of the points. VII The stables, pig-sties, dairy, barn, sheepfold, yards, agricultural implements, &c., must be suitable, in good order, and on improved principles. — Ten points. In examining the buildings of the farm, the judges will observe the following points : 1st The faci- lities for the distribution of food and water to the stock ; 2nd If there is good ventilation ; 3rd If there are small gutters in the flooring, to receive the urine and conduct it to a common reservoir. They will also observe if the yards are well laid but and kept; clean. VIII Manures well prepared and well preserved- — Ten points. The keeping and preservation of manures until they are fit to be used, are well worthy of the atten-- tion of the indices. In the yards or in the fields the? heaps should be made in such a way as to oiler the- — 10 least possible surface to the action of the sun's rays or to washing by rain. The farmer should prevent the liquid manure from running into the trenches or ditches. A small ditch should be made around the heaps to collect the liquid manure, which from time to time should be thrown upon the heap. By this means is preserved a large quantity of liquid manure which is certainly the richest part since it contains all fertilizing properties. The manure should be preserved to be used each vear on one of the fields of the rotation. It should be sufficiently decomposed, a result which can only be obtained by turning over at least once, otherwise the farmer may reap a crop of weeds. The judges are authorized to allow five points for a compost heap of at least 15 cart loads. A compost is a mixture of different substances, «uch as aslies, lime, weeds, night soil, stable ma- nures, mortar, bog land, &c. All these details should be well noted by the judges and awarded points. Five points to those who manure at least 6 arpents a year at the rate of 25 cart loads of well decom- posed manure per arpent. IX mpetitions, mentioned in these regulations ; provided always that each parish or township shall have at least ten subscribers, and that the amount subs- cribed towards said competitions shall not be less than one third of the prizes pro- posed to be offered. Any farmer residing in another county can enter for competition in the county in which hi» / — 16 — farm is situated, provided, that he complies with all the conditions of the competition, notifies the Secretary or President of the Society, in writing, and deposits the amount of subscription required from each member, at the time fixed by the regu- lations. XXI * The competition for standing crops, &c., &c., shall be held the same year as that for the best cultivated farms. The competition for standing crops is not obliga- tory, but when it is held, it must take place at the same time as the competition for the best cultivated farms. The judges may allow ten points to each compe- titor who has a regular system of book-keeping for the farm, showing the receipts and expenditure, in the various departments, and the cost of land im- provements, &c., and net profits of the entire farm- This clause it is not obhgatory, but any one who takes the trouble of keeping an account of all his farming operations, deserves credit and should be awarded points. — 17-- es with ifies the writing, required le regu- c, &c., for the t obliga- e at the altivated I compe- sping for liture, in land im- ire farm- one who f all his lould be Advice to Agricultural Societies. The judges shall be three in number, advanced agriculturists, disinterested, and beyond any suspi- cion of favoritism. TO THE JUDGES. l« They will write down their observations in a book kept for that purpose. 2o They will look into the system of book-keeping followed by th6 competitor for the receipts and expen diture of his farming operations. 30 Their visits should be made without any pre vious notice to the competitors, and be taken advan- tage of to impart information where the competitors are found wanting. 40 When possible the judges should board at an hotel or with some party not interested in the com- petition, in order that they may not be placed under obligations to the competitors, and thereby avoid the suspicion of having been unduly influenced. By order of J he Council of Agriculture, P. Q., GEORGES LECLERE, Secretary. >-::." '■>r--. ■ *. -;*^' -!="..-*'•■- 'a- ^ / J ^"^-1 ^ ; ^ *•• r'^ '-^'' ^ •■-<;:-. t « I* V'* .- , V^A t • ,;.*-.., , '^a^-.': .-'«,, .l-?-t-- 'X> ■f;:?^ > '-.iisl-.^f-:-' >v.- ,-> v"-."^> •';*;i:.'' *: t. ^ '•■.., -i . ^. ^a^-' ')-i- - V •-<'-?•■, ,< 'is. \^V- ^^ ■.■•:■■"*«;; 4; :T- "n;,^ :*r;i\-- ■t% ft.