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 v. 
 
 THE 
 
 • '.i 
 
 EUKOPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN 
 
 ■>*.. 
 
 RAIL WA Y, 
 
 
 m- 
 
 
 ".^ — ■ 
 
 RSIPORT 
 
 TO THE SENATE OF MAINE, 
 
 AND 
 
 -^■^■4-' t 
 
 MEMORIAL TO CONGRESS. 
 
 •?<# 
 
 
 
 ^^H*..,^^4; 
 
 .iW* . ,si»„j,;_^ 
 
THE 
 
 EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN 
 
 RAILWAY. 
 
 {From the Baatan Daily Advtrtiter of April 14, 1853.] 
 Wb insert below, the petition ir the European and 
 North American Railway Cojipany for aid in the pro- 
 motion of their enterprisie. The memorial contains 
 an interesting exposition of the nature of the project 
 and iis prospects, with a statement of the measures 
 which have been already adopted and which are an- 
 ticipated for ensuring the co-operation of the three 
 aeighborinjt British Provinces aided by the British 
 Government fur carrying out the design. 
 
 The prospect of the actual undertaking of this en- 
 terprise by the Province, bv the aid of the goiiraniee 
 by the iVIolher country o( the bunds to be issued by 
 the Provincial Legislature for the necessary funds, 
 seems to be more favorable than at any former period. 
 The Quebec Morning Chronicle of the 9lh insl., re- 
 marks upon the prospects of the delegation appomtcd 
 to appeal to the new ministry on the subject, as fol- 
 lows;— 
 
 "That Mr. Hincks will be successful in nbtuinins 
 the necessary funds to carry out one of the grandest 
 road schemes ever conteiiiplaled, seems preliy cer- 
 -tain; viz.: a road without change of gauge, or bre»k 
 of any kind, from Halifax to the western extremity of 
 Canada." 
 
 The Lieutenant Governor of New Bionswick, in a 
 speech lo the Provincial Parliament on closing the 
 session on the 7lh insi., congratulated the two House!) 
 on thn pnssage of the acts fur the construction of a 
 railway from Halifax to Quebec, as measures likely 
 to have great influence on the future destinies of the 
 Province, and of British North America generally. 
 
 The Legislature of Maine has passed resolutions 
 in support of the Memorial to Congress above re- 
 ferred to, and a petition has been presented to our 
 Lf^gisluture for a like co-operation on their part, and 
 the proceedings on this petition are now pending. 
 The following is the substance of the report of the 
 committee of the Maine Legislature, and of the reso- 
 lutiuDS reported lo that body:— 
 
 House or Representatives,) 
 February 7, )862. ) 
 
 The committee on rail roads and bridgf^s, tu whnm 
 was referred the memorial of John A. Poor, Elijah 
 L. Hamlin and Anson G. Chandler, executive com- 
 mittee fur Maine, to promote the construction of the 
 European and North American Railway, — praying 
 for un expression of the legitilature of Maine in sup- 
 port of their application to Congress, — asking assiHl- 
 ance froni the Government of the United btatea :n 
 behalf ot*said railway, 
 
 report: 
 
 The Enropean and North American Railway,when 
 constructed, in connection with other railways built, 
 or in progress, will connect the British Provinces of 
 Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia with each 
 other, and the United Stales, over the easiest and 
 naluiiil routes of travel, — and at the same time, 
 shorten to the lowest limit of time and cost, the tran- 
 sit of the mails between New York and London. It 
 is proposed in concurrence with the British Provinces, 
 to bring the two great lines, from New York and 
 from Montreal, lo a point of junction and connection 
 in Maine, — either at the Kennebec or Penobscot 
 river, — and crcsiiirig the Penobscot above the head of 
 sea navigatiu'j, extend a sin):le trunk line, to the 
 shore of !Vo>M Hcolia or Capo Brtion, at the nearest 
 available point of this continent to Europe — so that 
 between Galway in Irelahd — the nearest and most 
 accessible port for trans-atlantic navigaiiun in Europe 
 — and the American steam ship terminus, ihe Atlan- 
 tic feiry shall bo crossed ut its narrowest strait. 
 
 It is calculated that by shortening the sea voyage 
 to the lowest limit, and dispensiiii! with all un- 
 necessary burden, the gain uf two miles per hour at 
 sea, may be made, and that the speed of the locomo- 
 tive may be three limes as gieat as that of the steam- 
 er. Comparing tlie present mail .nute between New 
 York and London with that by the European and 
 North American Railway through Maine, the leeult 
 may be stated as follows:— 
 
 PRESENT nOl'TE. 
 
 Steamiirfrom New York to liiver|)Ool,3,100 miles 
 
 HI l<)i niileH per liour 9dn)'8 20 lirs. 
 
 Railway from Liverpool (o Loii(Jun...211 miles S hra. 
 
 3,311 uiiies 10(1)8.1 br. 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 
European and North American Railway, 
 
 PaOPOIID OVERLAND ROVTB. 
 
 Rallw«)p from New York to lliillliix 867 mllei SS hn. 
 
 Hlcmncr Irani lliiliritx lo Onlway, ul 
 
 the rule nl 15 mileii per hour 9,I!I0 ml*:< SdnyiSlhri. 
 
 Railway from GnlWxy 10 Dublin.... 126 ini!«i 8 lira. 
 
 Bleatner friiin Uubllii lo llolyheHd.. 63 nilira 8 lira. 
 
 Railway rrom llolybead to Loudon. 263 iiiilei 6 bra. 
 
 3,449 inllea 7dH\aHhra. 
 
 The speed of Ihe railway train being three times 
 as great as the steoiner, a gain or lixty-live houts 
 time is made by the route proposed, adopting the 
 highest speed yet attained in ocean n.«vij{aiion. If 
 we asaunie an increased speed in the future, Ihe 
 cominillee believe that the same advantage inny still 
 be maintained by the proposed route ihrnush Maine. 
 
 The memorial to Congress in behult of litis enter- 
 prise, presents this whole matter in so clear and fur- 
 oible a light that it cannot fail to arrest attention, nnd 
 secure fur the enterprise the favorable ri<i;nrd8 of Ihe 
 country. Notice of two bills in aid of the European 
 and North American Railway, have been given by 
 the Honorable Mr. Washburn in the tlousfi of Rep- 
 resentatives, designed to carry out the plan proposed, 
 and to aid the friends of the enierpiise in Maine, one 
 entitled. 
 
 "An act for thorUning ihe tramiloflhe mails 
 between JVeiv York and London," the other, 
 "Jin act making a grant of land lo ihe Slate of 
 Maine, in aid of Ihe contlrutlion of Ihe European 
 and JVorlh American Railway," copies of which 
 bills, with the petition to Congress — the despatches 
 of Earl Grey — and the laws passed in Canada and 
 Nova Scotia — make a part of the memorial to the 
 Legislature, accompanying which, is a nopy also of 
 the application to Massachusetts in its behalf. 
 
 The memorial after showing the commercial ad- 
 vantages of the European and North American Rail- 
 way, and its claims lo support ns a coinmercial un- 
 dertaking, whereby the saving of time in the tranitii 
 of mails is fully shown, asks for a permanent mail 
 contract over this route at the rates paid between 
 New York ond Liverpool. 
 
 It also asks in behalf of Maine a grant of two 
 millions of acres of the ongranied land. 
 
 While therefore the enterprise ii^ielf has claims 
 upon Congress for its intrinsic merit sutTicient to war- 
 rant the applichtion for aid in the form proposed, it in 
 right to insist upon a proper respect toward Maine on 
 account of the sacr.linn of her inturesis in the settle- 
 ment of Ihe Noriheastera boundary dispute by the 
 trenly of Washington. 
 
 If Texas was entitled to ten millinns grntuity for 
 yielding her doubtful claim to a comparatively worth- 
 less territory, how much ought Maine to receive for 
 a more valuable one, whose title had been fully re- 
 cognized by Congress. 
 
 In view of the foregoing the committee ask Jeavo 
 to report the following resolutions:— 
 
 Renolvtii, Th>ii (he ronimerclal poalilon of Maine author- 
 lr.ea hrr lu aim Ht a It-adlnK sbare In all Ihe great bualiiraa 
 iiioveiiienia of the lu^i— while Maine l« Ihc naiurnlararohat 
 fur Ihe Canada* aiiilul the larger part iil' New Englandjiav 
 liif Ihe lineal barbura or Ihe whole roiiniry, ahe l» In ihedi- 
 rrci mute of the prlnripal cnmiiierce brtwren Europe and 
 AiiierliMi, and Ihebriniiing luxelhtr uf two great lineauhlrh 
 roniirrt iia wllh Crinuda hiuI the whide of thi; I lilted :!>tales 
 to II point of Juneilon In Maine,— one from Mumrcal on Ihe 
 Norib, and Ihe oilier Ironi New York on ibe Moiilh, when 
 ibey ah.ill toini unr Mrand TrunA' line In be extended from 
 Ibe valley ii( the Keiiiiehec 10 Ibe eaHierii ahure of Nova 
 ricotlii, la Ihe work Ihai ahull make Maine known and tell as 
 H leading Hiale In the conledrrary. 
 
 Hmolvfd, Thai while Ibe inovenienla toward carr\ Inir nut 
 Ibe plan of Ibe European and North Anierican Rallwiiy 
 have arouaeil Ihe Urliioh niliilHiry lo Ihe ndopiloiinl ineaa- 
 iirea calrulaieil lo cnunieracl Ihe exerlloiia In Ha behalf, by 
 llie prolTera of aBaielance 'oward Imlldliig ihe Halifax and 
 Uiitlicc Uiiilway eiiliiely through llrlliah 1'errllorv: — li la 
 a aoui'^e nl alncrre gralillcatinn lo know that the I'lovliirea 
 will not fnrrgo Ihe udviiniageH ol Ihe Euiopean and North 
 AinrrlcHii Hallway, fur Ihe »ake of Ihe Uueliev line, and that 
 there la now erery encnurageint'iil lo prosecuie exerlloim In 
 lirhidl (It Ihe elllerpli^e we have in view, in ihe aaauranne 
 that Ihe line will be met by the I'ovliicea, at ibe river lit, 
 I'rolx, 
 
 /texo/vei/, Thni a Trunk line of Railway from Halifax to 
 Montreal, through Maine, In eoiinectlon wilb Ihe linea now 
 built or in proceaa of conalriir.lliui, is Ihe only nieaaure that 
 can olfer proper Indiicenienia for Ibe eiiiploynieni ofcHpital, 
 or that tan aatlafy ibe waiila of ibe peo|ile ol ihe Hrovinrea. 
 Over auch a route the Irallic and travel of Canada and the 
 weal, would find ila eai-ieat nuilet, and Ihe liici'ta»iiig tide of 
 lru:ia-allanlie liavel aeekliig Ihe rhorieat puvallileaea voyage, 
 would give It Bilvaniagea, enauiing cheaper rohve>iinre tbau 
 over any oiher rouie bet««een Ihe couiiiieicial capllula of 
 Europe and Anierlr.a. 
 
 Uesolvid, 'i hat Ihe iip)ilicHlion made lo Ibe United ^ialea 
 u.r.vcriiuieiit In behalf ol the European and North Anirriran 
 Itailway, ibrongh the ExKcuiive l.'oiniiiluee lor Maine, de- 
 Kervea support ironi Congresa, and the paitaage id ihebllla 
 preitenied by Hon. Mr. Warbhuni, one enilllfd "An art 
 niakiiig a gnnt of land to Ihe tilale of Maine to aid ihe con- 
 slrncliiiu of Ihe Euiopeaii and North Aiiieric.iu Uiiliwu\," 
 Iheoiber entitled "An act Inrahortenlng Ihe tranaii nf ihe 
 iiiaiin between New York and l.oiidiiii," ureeuriieatiy preaacd 
 upbii lhe<M>nal<leralion of Ooiigreaa. 
 
 HfiuivtU, That oursenatiira and Repreaenlativea in Con< 
 greaa, are leiiueaieii to urjie the paaaage of the bllla I el'ori^ re- 
 Ir-rreil to, anil that tliey ank aurh olher naaiatanre to the Eu- 
 roiiean and North American Railway, ua it may be in the 
 power of Coiigreaa to grant. 
 
 Rmolvrd, 'Ibat Ihe iiilKreal ofMaatacbiiaelta in tbia quea- 
 linii, ami the exieiil of lier iulrrert in pulilic landx !ying in 
 IMaiiie, Juaiifiea iia In asking at Ihe baiida of ihal Coiomon- 
 weallh aiiniiar aupiiorl, and that Ihe Leglaluiure of Maaaa- 
 cllu^ell8, id hereby luviled to uni'.e with ua in the foregoing 
 reijueat. 
 
 Itmo/vfil, That the Governor be requesled to Iranamlt 
 Iheae reiiolvea to the rreaideiit of Ihe United c>iatea, and to 
 each llouee of Cungreaa, and to the (>uvernor of Maaauubu- 
 aella. 
 
 Htso/vrd, That Ihe Governor he reqiieated to trnnamll 
 copiea of liie foregoing lleaolvea, to earh of Ihc Senalora and 
 Kepreiientatlves of thia Ijtute lu the Congreaa of the United 
 tiiutea. 
 
/■•• 
 
 European and North American Railway. 
 
 PETITION 
 
 TO THE 
 
 SENATE AND UOISE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TUE INITED STATES. 
 
 j> 
 
 The rullowing petition in Congress lia« been pre- 
 sented in the IIoubm of Iteprtisentutives, and nutico 
 hat been given of two bili« in confurniity willi thn 
 prajer therein: — 
 
 Tu the Honorable, the Senate and Home of Repre 
 
 scntalioea of the United Stales of America, in 
 
 Congress assembled — 
 
 The undersigned, Execativa Committee for tlie 
 State of Muino, to promote the construction of the 
 European and North American Railway, and Cor- 
 poraiura named in un Act pnsaud by tlio Lci^ishiture 
 of Maine, and approved August 20lh, 18&U, incor- 
 porutini; said company, aaU luave tu present tiiu 
 claims of thai enterprise to tlie Congress of the 
 United States, and to respectlully invite their aid, as- 
 si^ttunce, and encouragement to the undertaking in 
 such manner, and to such extent, as in the wisdom 
 of Congress, it may be thought worthy to receive. 
 
 Tlie plan of the European and North American 
 Uuilway is based upon the sin)pl«Kt principlvs uf 
 physical geography and of commeicial convenience. 
 \Vhen constructed, il completes the chain of rail 
 roads from tha City of New York to the nearest 
 available point of this Continent to Europe, nnd will 
 reduce the sea voyage, across the Atlantic Ocean, to 
 the lowest poHsihle limit, and shorten the tiuiisit be- 
 tween Neiv York and London, to six and one-lull' 
 days time, under ordinary circunislanccs, and to un 
 average of seven days, during the year. 
 
 From Airanmoru Light in Galvvay Bay, to Cnpc 
 Race in Newfoundland, the disliinco of the urc of a 
 gieat circle is IG94 milci, anil to Louisbur^li harhor 
 about 1!)30 miles, and tu Ihilifax, Nova ijcotia I'm 
 enure distance fioni Uulway, is estimated to be ' ' . '' 
 miles. From Ilulifiix to New Yoik City the distano 
 is 8G7 miles, but will be liii.'illy reduced to ubdut Sol 
 miles in all; — over the entire line (if which ruule, 
 railway trains can pass, without ihe interruption of a 
 ferry, a break of the line, or the labor of encounter- 
 ing severe grades, or any engineering diUiculiy 
 whatever. 
 
 Experience has now eatnlilished ns a aeneral rule, 
 the fact, that the useful speed of railway trains, may, 
 under all possible (.-ircumslunces, bo three tiiiiea as 
 great us that of a steam ship, or sailing vessel. The 
 ndvantagu gained and the time saved, in the passage 
 of the mails bulween New York and Londun by 
 adopting the plan proposed, over tho present inter- 
 national postal sjstem, may be illustrated as follows: 
 
 I'fuin New Vork to I-oniloii, 
 
 iiiileH. tlujs 
 Rdllivny from New Vork in II'ilifiix...erK 
 
 Sleiimer fidiii Halifax id Giilwny 2130 5 
 
 IlHlKviiy froiii riiilwuy In Dahlin ]2(> 
 
 ■Kieiiiiier Iriiin Diilillii lu Holvlifnii.. .. 6'.i 
 BuilvNuy Icuiu llolvliead to Loudou... 263 
 
 liours. 
 17 
 5 
 2i 
 3 
 5 
 
 9H9 
 
 Bh 
 
 In the foregoing estimate, a speed of railway tran- 
 sit is uBsumed, such as is employed on tho English 
 express trains, and the speed of the steamer is taken 
 at one-third tho time allowed for the passage of tho 
 railway train. Allowing 3^ hours fur shifting uf 
 mails and bacgage, and the time occupied in tho 
 transmission of the muils from New York to London 
 IS C^ days, employing the present rates of speed on 
 the inosil approved and best constructed railways in 
 England. 
 
 Applying tlie same rales of speed to the present 
 route from New York tu London, and the result is aa 
 fullowB: 
 
 miles, dnyi. houri, 
 Sienmerrrnm New York to I.lverpnnl... 3100 7 14 
 
 Itnilwuy trout Livcriioul tu Lunduu 211 5 
 
 3.111 7 lit 
 
 Dim-renpe l» fHvnrnfilie Knrnpean and Norlli Aineritan 
 Uuilway ruule, 1 diiy lU.J iinurx. 
 
 Kut this comparison by no means does justice to the 
 relative advanleges of llio two routes- Steamboats, 
 like race-liorsos, go wiih increased speed ns you re- 
 duce the unnecessary load, and by the shorter sea 
 route, the ditVerence in speed may undoubtedly be 
 increased equal to two milex fxr liour d^r the entire 
 voyage. Assuming the correctness of the foregoing 
 
 statement, the lolluwing result is shown; 
 
 days, hniirs, 
 
 Hleamer frnni New Yiuk in Liverpool S IIJ 
 
 Hallway Irciii Livei'iitiol tu I.uiidun S 
 
 8 vq 
 Diirerence In fiivor of llin Enropean and Oalway route 2 days 
 11 liiiurx, rijiiiil In 5y li iiirnliaie t^avtil. 
 
 The ciiances would be in favor of the longest land 
 route and tho short sea voyiigo. The certainty attain- 
 able in Kailway Irnnsit, the facilities for repairing ac- 
 cidi'nis, and supjtlying improved Engines to make up 
 for deteiilions, on tliii one side; and the increased 
 risks of a long sea voyage on the oiIk r; accuniola- 
 lio» nliiiiist with geometrio progression with the dis- 
 tance; signilicantly urso tho adoption of the proposed 
 plan. 
 
 Tho greatest speed yet attained, in an Atlantic sea 
 voyage, was by the Ameiican steam ship Pacific, 
 during liie past year, averaging a speed of 13i miles 
 per hour, for the entire distance; having maiie the 
 lun from Liverpool to New York in 9 days, 20 hours 
 and 15 ininules. 
 
 The speed of ocean steamers lias increased very 
 much il! the ratio of tlieir si/e, and it is not h'lzard- 
 ins much to say, that within the next live years nn 
 uniform speed of 17 miles an hour may be reached iu 
 ocean steam navigation, by the adoption of the short- 
 est route across the Atlantic. 
 
 Wo have assumed a speed of Railway transit be- 
 yond any uniform attainment in this country, but 
 those least informed in the practical workings of Rail- 
 way machinery, know that at pree^Jt, the question 
 
European and North American Railway. 
 
 ofapoed. if a mnre qunition nfcnut, and lin* no refer- \ tion* ni tlio Urilixh I'rovincei inlu eaNieit commnnl* 
 enca (o ilm nb^olutii ciipariiy Tor iipui!d of lliu Lnca- ' ciition wiili onrli ullicr and tlio I'nitpd Hinted, ii iiUo 
 iiiotivt) Ivigiiiti, eiiipliiycd in Ittiilwrty Iriinnil. Thn iipekit nl Ihu *nin« liinu lo bring llin huninem inleri>al( 
 Ainly limit in ilio Hpo-d ofu Kailwiiy Iriiin in /A( ii'' i'.tiropu und America Inlu llio cloiuHt poiiible iiili- 
 ilrtnulhof malerinl, and incrciiDL-d aiii'inion lo iliii iiiiicy. 
 
 conalruRliim of kiiilw:iv miicliincrVi vvill uiiiible iho 'I'Jie grcnt cd'ort of thifl nsn i'* In upeed cninmoni* 
 KoRiiihulivn Kngniu, in due tiiilOt lu iiieuture wpvcd iMlinn, In nliuricn and cli)-ii|ii>n lo Ihu lnwnHt limit iif 
 with the wind. ; lime and cuiit, the lriin»ii bu'wecn thn coniiiiercial 
 
 The npplicalinn of iteani power In iIia piirpnuei of ciinlroR of inrli Conlinenl, To Ihia point the great 
 
 never 
 attain- 
 
 iocomiitliin Inn within the I.ihi (|iiaiti!r nf a cuntury, 
 revolutionized IIih lawn of iilivniual proportion, fiub- 
 jected the powers of nature to the euitv control of 
 man, — changed the eiiliiblidliiid luwi of trade, — and 
 
 n<it>iii'ii!!i of liuHiiiix* lend, and the world wl 
 rent natiatled wtiU any thing iliorl uf ilM actu'^l 
 men I. 
 
 It would head wiae, to pend the great mall b« 
 
 introduced new relatiims into every depurliiiKiit ufi tween New York and St. LouIh on n roii voyngo by 
 bU'tineti. 'I'liii ditlViruncei of political and vucial con- | ihu way of New Urleana and the MiHsiMpippi lliver, 
 dition are rapidly giving way und<ir the inlluence of, Initead nf, by the Railway nrrimi tho continent, h» 
 
 the aaine inuvi''iblu law, and national aniiiioMiiitiii are 
 forgotten. In the more grateful exchanse of internu- 
 lional civililiei,— already taking Ihu place of the 
 former tieice encounter* of hostile and opposing 
 forces. 
 
 On this Cnnlinont, we are destined snon to rco the 
 entire population, desneiided from a common origin; 
 nnd speaking a common hinguage, subject to one com- 
 mercial taw, if not sharing in roinmon, the same in- 
 stitutions, Ihu same political and social ndvanluges. 
 
 Actuated by this common sentiment, a ronvi-n'inn 
 of delegates from ihu dilFerent Itiilish North Ameri 
 
 it will be, to continue to si^nd the mail by water, all 
 ihii way from Now York to I.ivfrpool, on the com- 
 pletion of tho Fiurupean and North American Rail- 
 way. 
 
 No onn suppnsei tlint tho ordinary trafTic between 
 the two cities of New York and Liverpool, is to ha 
 diverted from the circuitous rouio by sea. The 
 cheaper cnnveynnce of heavy goods by water, over- 
 land carritigi>, tnunl iilvvaya send ordinary nierclian- 
 di*e in slow vessels, by the same routes as hereto- 
 fore. Hut with the passage of tho nmils, and valun- 
 lile packages, time is thu grenl element, and the 
 
 can Colonies, and the Northern States of llie tJniini, : shortening ufthe lime, is ijiu great purpose for which 
 Bjseiobled at Portland, on the SIst of July lt5U, and ! mail facilities are sa|iplied. 
 
 succeeding da)8, ndupied a plan, and agreed ii|ion a ' It may be argufd that the inconveiiiencea arising 
 •jrslein nf measures, by which the inKans of cMiimli- I from the tinnsfci **' '°,:gage, shifting alternalelv from 
 nination between the reiDOte portions uf this I'kleiid- Railway lo steamer, required by the proposed lino, 
 ed region, abnuld be bronubl into easy coiiitnuiiica- | will more than CHunterbalar.co,tlie advantages, reeult- 
 lion with each other, regardless alike of artiticial or : ing from the saving of time. 
 
 political lines of boundary. National prejud.ves and i It is only neci.'ssary in answer In this anggeslion, lo 
 
 ideaa were alike disregarded, in the common desire ! appeal to the expeiieiice of the past. Once eslablinh 
 
 10 pruniQle the physical, cuimnerciul and suciul ad- 1 tliu fact, that passengers nnd mails can f>ain an nd- 
 
 (vantages of nlj. vanlagn in thu lime of arrival, and no inconvenience 
 
 In addjiion to these considerations, a cnn'riclion in or unnoyunce even, can proven! the bulk of p.issen- 
 
 fnvoi of the plan of shortening tho transit between gers, from lakinu that route, which secures this result. 
 
 New York and London, was shared in equal niea*uru The gain uf a single day, will often be worth, to a 
 
 liy each, and its advantages appealed at oaue lo the bu4iiies< man, riioie, than the expense of a voyage, 
 
 nommercial necessities of the age. It was clearly and the fact uf being able lo anticipate others in the 
 
 jdHcnonslrated, that by reducing the sea vovsgo to the tiino of arrival, as all experience shows, will, by se- 
 
 ehortest possible limit, and availing ourselves uf the curing for such line, the iima: valuable travel and 
 
 superior speed of Railway transit upon land, over trntlic, enablu it, to carry for less cost. Uy this 
 
 water carriage, thai ihu cuinmercial ('apilals nf route too, the dangers of tho sea aro lessened, ncci- 
 
 Kurope and Ameiica might bu brought within six dents mainly occur, insido Cape Sable, or within St. 
 
 days time, under I'avornble circumslanct'S and ordi- (leorgc's rhannel aud tho Irish sen. 
 
 Iiarily to seven days at furthest. The increase of business has aUvavs gnne on in a 
 
 The attainment of this result might be regarded as greater ratio than the growth uf populaliun within the 
 
 of very questionable value if it were purr.haeed by United Stales. In tho year 1830, with a populaltnn 
 
 nny sacrifice ol comfort, or of buoiness advantage, of 12,8()e,920, Iho value of Imports into the United 
 
 But the whole movement itself is in accordance with States reached S*0,876,920, and ibeexporis to !&73,- 
 
 tha most obvious necessities o( 1iusine>s, the natural 819,503, making a total uf foreign trade of $144,- 
 
 laws of trade, and in the line u ' ull the grout com- ^ 72(),'I28 in that year. 
 
 inercii, I tendencies of the age. | in the year endin:> June 30, 1851, VN'ith n pnpula- 
 
 The commerce of '.he world isdnily b'!coniing more lion of 23,9(55,512, the imports of the United States 
 and more concentrated upon the Ailanlii; Ocean, were $216,725,995; the exports during the same pe- 
 Thu soil, climate end natural predictions of the riod were !t?217. 517,130, maUitig an aggregate of lor- 
 Northern llemispliere mark it out as tb'i home of the cign trade fur 1851 of lt$433,243,125. 
 liighest civilization, tho recion of continued progress, { The consumption of fureiun goods in 1830 was 
 in all the arts of life; nnd the enterpriio that shall equal In $5.^ tu each individual, nnd the exports held 
 brine ''' 'iiropean ani the .North American Conti- nearly the same ratio, making the extent uf foreign 
 nents m ., isest intimacy, is the most ^'remising ef- trade in 1830 equal to ^11 lo each person, 
 fort of the age. In 1831 thn cunsumptinn uf foreign goods had reach- 
 
 'J he European and North American Railway, has, ed $i) to each inhabitant, and the entire foreign trade 
 therefore, a double purpose, while it seeks in con- to an amount equal to $18 to each person in the Uait« 
 0ei(iuQ with ptber rail roads to bring the reinolo por- I cd States. 
 
European and North American Railway. 
 
 t 
 
 The progreH of iho material inleremi of lhi>!Ooun- I It will be perceived by rerurenee to Hnil Groy** 
 try, ai exliibitttd by tlia ritrKgoiciH cniiipnriann, I* fur i devpntch of tlie lUtti of Juni<, IH5l>, ihol all liopa of 
 firuin preaiinDni! the wlinio irulli of the ciiie. HaHialaiicu from lliu llriliih (juvurnini.'iit lo Ihe lluli« 
 
 A gruul chaiiuo liii* lHl<en place in the lust twenty I fiix iind (tuubec Kailwiiy wns thereby iip|iHrHiitly cut 
 yniira in lliu rululiona buiwevn money iind lubor. — | oil'; and Ibii project wua ibi<ruiifiKr ruKurdnd by nil itt 
 VVith our incroimud power* of production, by tho in- ' friunda n* ubiindoned. Under ihia belief, tbe plun 
 Iroduciion of ateitm and mechanicn! iiida, It ia now , fur the b^uiupuun ond North American UuiUuy woi 
 found (hat the rolitlive qunntity of lubor required fur mulured. 
 
 Ihe prodarlionuf uny cummodity hits been sreally re 
 duced, and that pricea lutve been cheupened ton great 
 extent fur all commoditiea, the price uf which is meu- 
 ■ured by a fixed value, like the prociou* mciala, and 
 it may be anfuly aaierled that the aniuiil qunnlity uf 
 gondaoiiMually conauiiied by each individual in the 
 United 8iatet has mure than duubled in the last 2U 
 yean. 
 
 Extraordinary as iho atutement mny appear to the 
 people of other lands, we safely culcalute upon a more 
 rapid increase for Ihe future. 
 
 The unlocked for supply of gold from California, 
 and the rapid extension uf Railway lacilillea through- 
 out the couNiry, must in tl»e next 20 years give a new 
 and still more extraordinary development lo the pro- 
 ductive power* of our peoplo,wliich will be more und 
 more felt in everybranch of industry, more especially in 
 (he cheapening of navigation and locomotion, and the 
 economy of time. The most marked eflucl of all 
 these changes in the physical cendition of our people 
 will be witnessed in tbo rapidly increasing travel 
 across the Allantio Or.ean.nnd Ihe greater interchanse 
 of the mnre valuable commoditiea and oriiclea of 
 trade. Let the next ten years only equal the past in 
 expandinff and unfolding our commerce with Europe, 
 and a daily line of steamers, Mailing between the 
 porta of the two continents in closest proximity can- 
 not alTord the necessary accommodation for travel. 
 
 If therefore wo saliufy Congress, that the saving of 
 a single da^ in the arrival of the mails from London 
 and i'uris, will be secured by the European and Nurlh 
 American Uailway, it will be entitled to their support, 
 a support comniensurate, with the advantages pro- 
 posed. 
 
 A contract for carrying a daily mail between New 
 York and ilulifux, at the highest desirable speed, now 
 attained, paying therefor only the prices now given 
 between London and Liverpool, $i600 per mile, 
 would secure the entire lino within the next five 
 years, and a contract fur carrying the mails from 
 (lulway to New York by the overland route through 
 Maine, at the same price na piiid by the English Gov- 
 ernment for the same service between Liverpool und 
 the United States, will enable us to complete the en- 
 tire line iu iwo years from the present time. 
 
 Able pariiea ate ready to place the required steam- 
 ers on the loute. 
 
 A careful survey of the whole line from Bangor to 
 Halifax has been made by order of the Governments 
 of Maine, New Brunswick and Novn Scotia. A 
 
 brief, but able and very aatisfuctory Report, showing ' erntiient that the Legialature "is not prepared to 
 the characteristics of the line, by A. C. Morton, Esq., I pledge the public ciedit, or the future resources of 
 a distinguished practical Engineer, m<ide under ttie i the Province toward building the great Trunk Line 
 authority of the Governor of Maine is herewith sub- 1 from Halifax to Quebec," a copy of which resolutiona 
 mitted, (No. I) together with the chartern granted in I are herewith submitted, (marked f>.) 
 Maine, (No. 2) and in New Brunswick (No. 3). | The change of opinion from June, 1850, to March, 
 
 We have also submitted herewith copies of the : 1851, in the counsels of the British (lovernment in 
 correi>pnndence of Earl Grey, in relation lo lliitt 
 question; (marked A) and the Bill passed in Canada 
 (marked B) and in Nova Scotiu, (marked C) making 
 provision for a Main Trunk Line from Halifax lo De 
 
 The prnceedinc* of the Convention, herewith sub' 
 milled (No. 4) were laid before lliu Imperial Cubinel 
 toiolher with thu proceedings of Ihe Cominiitee. 
 
 The Govurnmeiit of Nuvu Hcoilii, instead of firmly 
 adhering lo the plans of ibo I'oiiland conveiiiion« 
 made direct application to the Imperial Government) 
 for ussiftiince. In building that poition of the Euro* 
 pean mid North Amaricuu Railway lying within itt 
 own Province. 
 
 The subsequent despatches of Earl Grey, disclose 
 the must extraordinary cliungu of opinion, between 
 the ID'h of June, 1850, and the I4ih of March, 1851, 
 us will bu seen by tho copies of which herewith 
 submitted, by whieh it will bo perceived, thai an 
 oti'er is mudn to advance from the Imiieriiil Treasury, 
 tho money required to construct a line through BrU 
 lish Territory from Halifax to (luebec, on u pledge 
 of the colonial revenues, from the Provinces, while 
 the Branch line lo our frontier is lo be built to n point 
 ofconneclion with the Ruilwaysof the United Stales) 
 and it will be seen, by referring to the law of Nova 
 Scotiu, thut it cannot go into operation "unlen provi- 
 nion U viaile in J^ew Brunswick for building a lin$ 
 from tome convenient point of inteiitction with th$ 
 Trunk Line, to the River St. Croix." 
 
 Wo regard the recent proceedings of the British 
 ministry, in reference to Railways in British North 
 America, as an entire depauure from her former 
 policy, the consequences of which cannot at the pre 
 sent time be clearly or fully foreseen. 
 
 As long ago as 1846, the principle of respnndblo 
 Governments or in other words, of self government, 
 was conceded to i»ll the North American Colonies, 
 and the regulation of their own postal, international 
 and commercial ufluirs, left fur their own adjustment. 
 
 The course of the British ministry upon this Rail- 
 way question , has been a striking departure from 
 that rule, and a recent despatch of Earl Grey lo Sir 
 Edmund Head, Lieut. Governor of New Brunswick, 
 gives information that the Facility Bills passed by 
 New Brunswick in aid of the construction of the 
 Kuropeun and North American Railway "are still 
 "retained by Her .Majesty's government und will not 
 " receive the Royal assent liil the Legislature of New 
 " Brunswick shall have had an opportunity to recon-' 
 " aider the whole question." 
 
 On the 6lh of April, 1851, the Legislature of NcW 
 Brunswick, by nearly an unanimous vote of both 
 branches, ndoplcd resolutions, strongly condemning 
 the plan of Earl Grey, and assured the British Gov- 
 
 troit with a provision for a branch line across the 
 whole breadth of New Bruoswick to the boundary of 
 Maine. 
 
 regard to the North American Provinces, must be 
 ascribed to their belter knowledge of the condition 
 nnd resources of the Culonies; »iih the oonviciion, 
 that a fueling of diaconti nt would grow up in the 
 Colonies, on a failure on Ihe part i.f the Impeiial 
 Government to aapply ihe "material aiti," which, 
 in the growing importance of the Colonies, would eiw 
 
8 
 
 European and North American Raiheaij. 
 
 $f 
 
 tarn iha mnlnlMniinee of llieir relativa iinportnnrn, 
 nnd iHat rcnlinynr inilrpnntlnnca iiniiiiia hvr punplo, 
 ■u eaaxniiHl li> tiinir lunri.'*!. From I82S to 1810, a 
 psridil of twenty yoKX*, Iha rnUtive gniwtli of rniia- 
 dit will cqiiiil to tliiit i)f the IJnlli!il rllatt"«; ntiil from 
 18i5 to 1835, till) KiitiHli North Ainnricun Coloriii'* 
 rouHivoil II grttHtur nuiiihor oriiiinil||rnntifrom tho l.'iiit- 
 etl Kinudiiiii ih'in lho4n,niriviiiK in iho Wiiiti'd Sliitnt; 
 whil«rroin 1833 to I850,thi'rii wu* nn incrniiKiiin tiil>' 
 •ailing In our ahorvii, und in IH90 ntven-eiglith* of tlie 
 entire niiiigniiion Troiii thu Uriti«h li\e» to America, 
 arrived iit our own pnrli. 
 
 Not only h<ii thti lidn of tranintlanlio omijrntion 
 lurnud upon u^, hut Cminiln nnd ihft Lower I'ruvincrs 
 have contrihni d ilieir full quoiu oraiiiigrant« to iwull 
 Iho alreNtii of popui.iiiitn, that in now proiiting on- 
 w.'ird, ill 'ti rflaiiiluu mutch uorui* the MiMiiiippi, to 
 thn I'licitic nhoreti 
 
 The luluiiva imp^ulnnce of the Driliiih nation aa 
 compiired with thune United Hlntim, hn« aoniihiy 
 chnnpnd in the liiti ti'n yeum. In 1841 the popnlu- 
 tioa uf the tttuMi Mi-a wna 27,010,553. In 1801 il 
 BinrtMled to 27,452,262, nn inrroiiso in ten yeara of 
 only 432,707. I'rom 1831 to 1841 the population of 
 the liritlah hlni* increitaod 2,668,072. 
 
 It ia believed thiil tho diaclotmreti made by the re- 
 turna of the liilo ccniiu« of the United Htutea, coitI' 
 pared with the results of the ceniiua of tho British 
 Empire, hua chnnned nnd will clinnge still ninro, the 
 policy of thul government toward her Colonics. 
 ^VhiTo in ten yenrs the Dritiah Isliinds Imve Biiined in 
 population but 432,707 persona, the United ijtntea in- 
 creused 6,204.138, which, ofter deducting the popula- 
 tiun found in the newly acquired territoricn, would "ivo 
 liie United Stules nn increuse, in Ian yeara, «<)na1 lo 
 6,000,000 of perauna, against the 482,707 gained in 
 all the Uritish Islands. 
 
 Il is quite apparent that the former policy of liie 
 ''British Uovernment towards her North American 
 Colonies cannot continue to give auti8faction;nnd that 
 the atimulania which abundant capital and olFicial 
 countenance can give to the material progress of the 
 country, will in future he furnished. We were slow 
 lo beli<3ve, for a long tiinn, thnt the profiera of Ini- 
 |M!ri.il assistance to Uuilwaya in tho rrovincns had 
 any oth-ir signiBcance than the uidinury expresiiions uf 
 otHiiial courtesy. Bui from the recent evidence fur- 
 nished in the procebdin).M of tho Lpgislatures of Cana- 
 da and Nova Hcolia, and from the refusal of Iv'irl 
 (irey lo allow tho Fucility Kill of New Brunswick, 
 in aid of the construction uf the Luropean and North 
 American Kuilway, us a private undeitaking, to be- 
 come a law, it is apparent that the Colonial llail- 
 waya in Noith America, oro to be built iia Public 
 Provincial works, from funds advanced from the Im- 
 perial Treasury, at the riik and expense of the seve- 
 ral Colonies. 
 
 All the doubts that havo heretofore or now hnng 
 Over these matters, are sson to bo dispelled by the 
 action of the Legislature uf New Brunswick, in ac- 
 oordaDCS with Earl Grey 'a wishes; for, with all the 
 
 boasted indnpRndenca of opinion in Ihn Orlliah ProT* 
 incus, under tht-ir system of reaponsible governmant, 
 
 ' it hiia never yet hnen able to resist tho aeduotlve 
 cbnrma of ministerial promises, mach less to en- 
 counter the hiixiiids of an imperial (rown. 
 
 I Ki-gnrdin;; tho means for building the F.aropnan bimI 
 North .\m<irlcun Ituilwuy fVom llnlifiix to the fron- 
 linr of Maine, na now secured by thn rflers of the 
 British novHinmi nl, wo earnestly, but most respecU 
 fully appeal to (^ongreaa fur nssisianee, lowurd thai 
 portion of Ihn work within the Mtaie of Muinu. 
 
 I Our frontier position, with a foreign territory around 
 us, retarded the growth of Maine, till within the 
 last few years. Tho settlt^inenl uf our North Kustern 
 Boundary dispute, by the treaty of Washington, waa 
 
 ' ihe duwn of u new era in our history. Our former 
 
 ! enemiea became friends, nnd tho people of Maine 
 nnd thn neighboiing Provinces nre anxiously desiring 
 that the sume freedom of interooDrse shall exist witn 
 each other, aa with the jieoplu of difTurenl Htutes of 
 this Union. 
 
 To secure Ihe Trenty of Washington, Maine anr- 
 rendered for o merely nominal consideration, an un- 
 disputed territory of many thousand square miles, 
 which is now worth a fiir greater sum than any grunt 
 wu ask of Congress. While we take infinite pride in 
 the settlement of that long disputed question, and re- 
 gard the advuntngoa of peace and friendship with our 
 neigSbors, aa worth fur more than any estimate of the 
 value of the territory lost,— we tlvn.k (b^ lima haa 
 nome when Maine ahonid ask and receive from Ihe 
 general government some equivalent for tlie coneea- 
 sinna and aacrificos shejhen made for the general good ; 
 yielding up n terriloryi equal in aize and fertility the 
 to Commonwealth of Mnasachnaetis. 
 
 But independent of all these ctinsiderationa.the enter- 
 prise we present has claims upon Congress, for ha in- 
 herent merits as a commercial undertaking fur beyond 
 any statement we nre able to give, and for the reason* 
 set forth in this pctition.and fur the many other reasons 
 nnd inducements which will occur lo the minds of all 
 the enlightened stuteamen of thecountry, we earnestly, 
 hut most respectfully uak, thnt congress will pass a 
 law authorizing a permanent contract for Ihe carrying 
 of Ihe mail between New Yoikand Galway. over the 
 European and North Ameiican Railway at remunera- 
 ting rates, nnd thnt a portion of the poblio lands may 
 be granted lo the State of Maine, in trust, for the pur- 
 pose of aiding the construction of the same, and that 
 Congress will render such other and further aid in the 
 premises as shall enable Maine lo build her portion of 
 the line, at Ihe same time that the work shall be fin- 
 ished in the Provincea of New Brunswick and Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
 *"■• 
 
 Andaa in duty bound will ever pray. 
 
 [Signed] 
 
 January 20, 1862. 
 
 John A. Poor, 
 F.LIJAH L. Hamlin. 
 Anbon G. Chandlka. 
 
 
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