^v\^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 11.25 1^ 1^ 12.2 I.I 1.*^ i- 1.8 1.4 III 1.6 6" '/] % ^ ^ ;> / 7 -(^ Photographic Sciences Corporation ij Wl 5T WAIN STREET WEBST£«,N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 i^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHiVI/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute Jor Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques C> Tachnical and Bibliographic Notas/Notes tachniquas at bibiiographiquas Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Fcaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. D Colourad covars/ Couvartura da coulaur I I Covars damagad/ D Couvartura andommagia Covers rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastaur66 at/ou palliculAa I I Covar titia missing/ n n D La titra da couvartura manqua Colourad maps/ Cartas gtegraphiquas an coulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autre que bleue ou no'rel I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations mn couleur Bound with other material/ Reli«i avec d'autres documents Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge intdrieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within thtf text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pagea blanches ajoutias lors d'une restau'ation apparaissant dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 4te filmtes. Additional comments:/ Commentairas supplAmentaires; Th to L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur axemplaira qu'il lui a 6t^ possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exempiaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui pauvent modifier una image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mAthode normale de filmage sont indiqute ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pagea damaged/ Pages endommagies □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur^as et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Th po of fill Or be thi sic oti fin sic or D Pages dicolories, tacheties ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages ditachies v/ Shovirthrough/ J Transparence |~~| Quality of print varies/ D Quality inigale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du material suppl^mantaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Th Shi Til wl Ml dif en be rig r»' m( Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., hav9 been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partieilement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont M fiimies i nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meiileure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est fiimi au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 12X 16X 20X 26X 30X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here hes been reproduced thenks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada L'exemplaire fiimA fut reproduit grAce A la gAnAroeitA de: La bibllothdque des Archives pubiiques du Canada The images appeering here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and In keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies era filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated Impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or Illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^ (meening "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"), whichever applies. 'm Les images sulvantes ont 6tA reproduites avec ie plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire fllm6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exempiaires orlginaux dont la couverture en pepler est imprimte sent fllmte en commen^ant par ie premier plat et en termlnent soit par la derniAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'lllustration, solt par Ie second plat, selon ie cas. Tous les autres exempiaires orlginaux sont f limte en commenpant par la premiire page qui comporte unn empreinte d'impression ou d'iiiustration et en termlnent par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles sulvants apparaftra sur la dernlAre Imege de cheque microfiche, selon Ie cas: ie symbols »► signifie "A SUIVRE". Ie symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, cherts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included In one exposure are filmed beginning In the upper left hend corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as n quired. The following diagrams Illustrate the method: Les csrtes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est fllmA A psrtir de I'engle supArieur gauuhe, de gauche A droite, et de heut en bas. en prenant Ie nombre d'images nAcesssire. Les diegremmes sulvants lilustrent Ie mAthode. i '■■'»• \ 1 :• r' 't ■ 3 ; * . t 6 STATE OF THE PUBLIC DEBTS; A M D O F T H E ANNUAL INTEREST and BENEFITS PAID FOR THEM; AS THEY WILL STAND ON THE 5th Of JANUARY, I783. LI K E W I S E, ^s they will Hand (if the War continues) on the ^th of January, 1784. TO WHiCtt THE ATTENTION of the PUBLIC is HUMBLY REQUESTED, BEFORE THHY DECIDE AS TO PEACE OR WAR. TOGETHER WITH SOME THOUGHTS on the EXTENT to which the STATE may be BENEFITED by ©ECONOMY ; A N D A FEW REFLECTIONS 6n the CONDUCT and MERIT of the PARTIES contending for POWER. By JOHN Earl of STAIR. Sunt lachrymae remm. THIRD EDITION. LONDON: Printed for J. Stockdale, oppofite Burlington-Houfc, Piccadilly. 1783. [PRICE ONE SHILLING.] r T^. C4 H ' P V - i^** ■■■■■ ' ^ ■'■ ''-*' ^^'' ?. T V 1 t ., i (,- ■). ) • V . ' 7 ,- J • )■ I t t . 1 > 1 fv( I * ^ » Jl • ' • t'7 J., *■ - '-• \ i. "■■''< ■J ' , 'I <: t^A -.: ». ...-hJ&h-: T A T E.,/- , 'V .i. I ;:w ".'..' i ni.i .r. ".rrf >.:../' ',. • .. , J i , :.lr'Qu 1!.<1 i^:..'y oF THE " ■- ••'•'^■' • ^ V r ^ i >.\ 'j ;;■••' )ii; ^fiPi/i • y ^ >.';"; * ; ■: / •1 PUBLIC DEBTS, &c. OUR late political Changes, though they do not appear to have ferved any ether very material pubhc Purpofe, have at leaft afforded us the Confolation of know- ing, that there is no Situation of public Affairs fo defperate, as to preclude the Ad- miniflration of them from being fought after, and embraced with the moft eager Avidity. Oi;r prefent Men in Power, after repro- bating in the flrongcfl and mofl unequivo- cal Terms the War, as a Contefl too un- equal to promife even a FofTibility of Suc- B cefs. [ 2 ] cefs, have ruflied into the public Admini- ftration without having concluded, or, ai' far as I can fee, having any probable Hopes of concluding a Peace. After their frequent, indeed their never-ceafing Declarations, that fo enormous was our military Expence, that even Succefs might protrad but could not prevent our Ruin, they have under- taken the Government, and continued the War, without materially dimini{hing the Expence of it ; without even having it in their Power to do fo : for the War, on our Part, being almoft entirely defenfive, the State and Limits of Expence are in the Option and Power of our Enemies, not in :r| ours. n J ■■ What new Lights Power, Place, and Emolument, may have given, I know not; nor on what fair Grounds of honeft Can- dour they difpoifefTed thofe who neither defpaired of our Succefs nor of our Re- fources (and for whom I am in other Re- fycdi no Advocate), and poireffcd them- felves s '$ 9 c 1 r B <^ 1 [ 3 1 felvcs of their public Situations, without cither the Will, or at leaft without the Power, (and as to the Argument, it is alike which is wanting) of materially altering that Syflem, which in their Prcdeceffors Hands they had fo often declared abfurd and rui- Poor, inconfiderable, and unavailing as my Diffent may be, yet I will not be in- cluded nor concluded by a Condufl: fo glar- ingly inconfiftent, to fay no worfe of it. I muft flill declare, that every Thing I have offered to the public Confideration on the ruinous and defperate Situation of our Fi- nances and Refources, ftill exifts, goes on, and gathers Force in its Progrefs to Ruin. I muft ftill, from the fame Fadls, Caufes, and Inducements, which I have already Hated to the Public, and to which every Hour adds Strength, pronounce the abfolute Necefilty of a Peace, The Experience of the Time that has clapfed fince my laft Publication, and, above B 2 all. [ 4 ] all, the Fads authenticated by the Report from the Committee of the Houfc of Com- mons appointed to enquire into the actual State of our Finances, have made moft of what I then offered to the Public as well- founded Conjedure, now Matters of Truth, Reality, and Proof. A Report from a Com-^ mittee of the Houfe of Commons unani- moufly appointed, framed, though without Prefumption of Pretenlion, yet with great Ability, Opennefs, Perfpicuity, Impartia- lity, and Candour, annihilates every weak or intercited Argument againfl the Propriety of difclofing to the World the real State of our internal Situation and Refourccs, Indeed, without this Aid, fo conclulive to the Point in queflion, from what is, and muft conftantly, from the Nature of our Conftitution, be laid before Parliament, none but thofc who are too dull to under. ftand, or thofe who are too indolent to take the Trouble of a very fimple and eafy InVef- tigation and Dedudion, need want any ma- terial Information as to the true State of the Nation \ [ 5 ] Nation ; and to Ferfons of thefe Defcrlptions no Information whatever will be of any ufe. I mean therefore to adduce what ad^ (ditional Fa6ts have occurred in Proof of the two Proportions I laid down in the Pamphlet I publilhed in the Beginning of this Year ♦. The Propofitions arc ; I - li ift. That the Demands on the Public from the Creditors of the Public would, on the 5th of January 1783, amount to Fif- teen Millions annually, neat Money. , • • 2d. That there are the moft probable In- ducements to believe, that the neat annual Revenue of this Country can never be brought for a Permanency, and Average of Years, to exceed Twelve Millions* ^ I MEAN likewife to confider, and to give fome Outlines of Conjedlure to what Extent it may reach, and what Relief may be ex- peded to the Public from OECONOMT, * Fafts and their Confequences, &c. Printed for J. Stockdale, Price IS. the [ 6 ] the Chymic Gold that pays the Debts of every Adminiftration 5 and to conclude with a few Reflections that may arife out of thefc Subjects, on the Merits and Condudl of the Parties contending for Power -, which fhall be made with that Freedom and Impartiality that are at all Times becoming in an honefl and independent Man |. and are now, in thefe Times of Delufion and Danger, a Duty in- cumbent on him. In the Profecution of thefe Objedls, Ifhall, firft, again lay before the Public an Account fubmitted to them in my laft Publication. By crediting the Public with what I have over-ftated, or omitted to credit, in this Ac- count; and by debiting the Public with what I have under-ftated, or omitted to debit the Public with in it 1 the Refult, I think, will enable me to give a nearly proved and vouched State of the Nation, as it will Aand on the 5th of January 1 783, To I I I 7 J ACCOUNT No. I. To Intereft of the Debt incurred and funded before the War To Intereft of the Funded Debt of the War, to 1781 incliifive To Civil Lift Eftablifliment, prefent and contingent ... To Peace Eftabhfhment jf 4,220,000 2,500,000 1,200,000 4,300,000 V ' ['- ^12,220,000 Debt contracted in and previous to 1781, ■ "" waiting for Funds, Navy Debt on the 31ft December 1781 - ^f 11,000,000 Exchequer Bills - 3,400,000 Ditto to the Bank - 2,000,000 - h • j(; 16,400,000 Debts thatmufl be contraded for 2782, The Loan - - j^ 17,000,000 •>.. Extraordinaries of Sea .•--!. and Land - - io,oco,ooo Arrear and winding up of the War Total Unfunded Debt, and what funded or ' unfunded muft be in« ■ ■..■ curred for 1782 - ;C5MOO,ooo Of which /.52,400,ooo only Fifty Millions (to keep within Bounds) are charged to the Public at an Intel tft of 5! per Cent, which, the Expence at the Bank included, makes yearly - « « On a Suppofition that a Peace is con- cluded in 1 782, the Annual Charge on the Public on the 5th January 1783, exclulive of Colle<5tion and Manage- ■I 9,000,000 ;f 2,800,000 ment, will be of neat Money ;^l 5,020,000 ACCOUNT, '• l: ^518,156 f 8 ]: ACCOUNT No. II. The Public is Creditor for the following Sums over-ftated,or omitted to be credited, in Account No. I. .' . r • ■ ' The Extraordinaries for I78r, for Sea and Land, having amounted only to j^.9,481,844 i if thefe in 1782 amount to no more (and it is liicely they will not) being ftated to amount to ^. '0,000,000, they are therefore pro- bably over-rated N. B. This Over-ftatement arifes from the Extraordinaries of the Army hav- ing, contrary to all Precedent in the Progreffion of the War, decreafed a Trifle in lySijinftead of advancing; but I fufpedl: this has happened from, either by Accident or De(jgn,their not being fairly brought forwardj for from the Report of the Committee of the Houfe of Commons, it appears, that j^. 1, 092, 248 was paid for the Extra- ordinaries for Two Months, from the iftofB'ebruary 1782 to the 5th of the April following. I therefore recredit this Sum with Hefitation and Doubt, for Part of the above out-of-Propor- tion vaft Sum mufl; undoubtedly have been paid for Debts incurred in 178 1. To carried from the Supplies 1782, to- wards the Difcharge of the Navy Debt, on the 31 ft of December 1781, omitted to be credited The Loan being ftated at £. 1 7,000,000, and the. Sum borrowed being only /.1 3,500,000, over-ftated in Account No. i. - - • ,,-. r ■• I •( 1,500,000 3,500,000 Total over-ftated and omitted in Account No. L - . - ^^5,518,156 ACCOUNT t 1 A C C O U N T No. lil. Tfhe Public is Debtor to Sums not drawn out againft it in Account No. I. to the Sums omitted in that Account* to Ser- vices unprovided for, and to the Balance of Services defectively provided for. To Allowance made in Account Num- ber I. on tht- Unfunded Debt, amount- ing to ^.52,400,000, of which only 50 Millions are drawn out and ftated againft the Public To Debt of the Civil Lift, for which the Public is liable, in the firft Place To Ordnance Debt and Debentures^ which on the 5th of January 1783 may at leaft be ftated at - - The growing Produce of the Sinking Fund being taken to the loth of Oc- tober 1782 for /. 2,284,7 1 5, and it having only produced for the Half Year ending the 5th of April 1782, ;^. 670,760, and double this Sum be- ing thought a literal Allowance for that Half Year ending on the loth of Odober 1 782 j after allowing the Half Year's Difference of Intereft on 3I per Cent, reduced to 3 per Cent, it will be taken for more than it will probably produce - - . To Deficiency of Funds not confolidated with th SinkingFund, thefameas in 1781 - - - - To Deficiency of the Funds for 1782, by the Intereft running fo long be- fore the Taxes are laid, or made pro- fludive - - - £ 2,400,006 300,000 1,000^000 ^3i>945 474»Sa8 N Carried over C 350,000 5>456,473 To ; I lo 1 6. ought over Tn Deficiency of Grants for 1782, the Ways ahcf Means after deducing the Lottery Prizes, and only ;^. 400,000 for the Deficiency of the Land and Malt Taxes, exceeding the Supplies in no more than ^, 11,009 To Intereft on Exchequer Bills To Annual Expence of Exchequer Bill OfHc. To the Bank of England, for receiving, paying, and accounting for the Loan To Difcount on prompt Payment of the Loan - - • * To the Navy Debt, ftated in Account Number L to amount only on the 31ft December 1781 to j^. 1 1 ,000,000, whereas it amounted to ^.i 1,318,450, underftated therefore To received from the Eaft India Com- pany, which muft be repaid to the Company - - The Total Balance with which the Pub- lic is to be debited, amounts to Total Amount of the Sums with which the Public is to be credited per Account No. n. is - - - Balance by which the Public Debt unfurded and funded in 1782, will exceed the 50 Millions drawn out againft the Public in. jcountNo. L £5AS^A7^ {)' I ,' 200,000 ;: 3.888 10,669 80,000 318,450 400,000 £ 6,784,494 5>5i8,i56 jC 1,266,338 This authenticates, and in a Manner proves, the fifty Millions ftated againft the Public in Account No. I. with the above Balance over ', all but the nine Millions ftated as the Arrear and Winding-up of the War, v/hich cannot [ " .1 cannot be liquidated till a Peace takes pjace. It is however prefumcd, this caunot vary much from, at leaft cannot exceed, the Truth, being fomething lower, as will appear by Account No. V. than the gene- rally received Calculation that the Arrear and Winding-up of the War is equal to Haifa Year's Expence of the War, without men- tioning tjie large Demands from our German Mercenaries at the Conclufion of the War, to which Treaties very loofely worded give Extent and Countenance. ACCOUNT No. IV. ' ' Having now cleared my Way, I fliall pro- ceed to ftate the National Debt as it will iiand on the 5th of January 1783, and the In- tereft that is, or will be to be paid for it. The capital Debt (as none of it can ever be expeded to be paid) is, I am afraid, but a mere Matter of Curioiity ; though I could wi(h it to be a Matter of ierious Rciiccr tioo J and on that Account have dated it. The Funded Debt on the 5th of Janu- ary 1783, amounts to - - The Value of ;^. 980,338 of Annuities given as Premiums, fome for Life, fome for Terms df Years, at, or un- der the Prices they fell at, may be clli- matcd to amovint to Carried over ' ^i97»325>5<^o 13,700,000 2 II, 025,500 The I " 3 - • Brought over The Balance of Unfunded Debt, after deducing from the ;^. 50>oco,ooo charged againft the Public in Ac- count No. 1. the £. 1 3,500,000 fund- ed in 1782, and adding the Balance of j^. 1,266,338, over the Fifty Mil- lions, as per Account No. III. iS Borrowed on the 6d. in the Pound Civil Lift Duty - - Equivalent to Scotland » • 2 I I, 025,503 37*766,338 1,000,00C 248,550 Total Capital Debt on the 5th January ^783 - iC25®»'^40»328 For which is, or will be to be paid annually by the Public, Intereft of Debt already funded Intereft on the Million borrowed on the Civil Lift 6d. Duty Intereft on the Scotch Equivalent, and j^. 2,000 paid Yearly to Scotch Fifli- eries, &c. - - - Intereft on the above ^•37,766,338 Unfunded Debt, at 5I per Cent. Charges at the Bank included, nearly The Charges at the Bank on Loans 1 78 1 and 1782, not yet allowred, nearly . r , - - .• .. - • Total to be paid Annually to the Cre- ditors of the Public, on the 5th Ja- nuary 1783 . - - 30,000 |2,00€l 2,100,000 15,000 9,638,311 The Civil Lift and Peace Eftablifli- ments will require Annually, as per Account No. I. * ■• Total Annual Charge on the Public on the 5th of January 1783, neat Money 5,500,000 >Ci5»i38>3ii The C 13 ] TitE annual Charge here ftated is pfetty confiderably larger than that dated in Ac- count No. I. This arifes from the Intereft on the Million borrowed on the Civil Lift 6d, 5 from the Intereft on the Equivalent to Scotland s the 2000I. yearly to the Scotch Fiftieries and Manufadlurers 5 from the In- tereft on the £1,266,338 over the fifty Milli- ons being ftated here; though they were not in Account No. I. ; ahd to the jC' 3*5oo,ooq funded in 1782 being borrowed at an Inter reft above 5 : per Cent. There are Additions, which are fomething diminifhed by the fall- ing-in of Life-Annuities. It is believed the Account is nowjuft, or fo to a Trifle. If fo, and if the annual neat Amount of the Public Revenue cannot be brought to rife higher than twelve Millions, (and we think we ftiall in the Sequel fhew that there is no great Probability that it will rife higher, as Government muft be carried on) the whole of the Deficiency muft fall on the Creditprs of the Public, who, inftead of receiving [ 14 ] receiving annually £9,6^^,^! i will only re- ceive ^6,500,000, or 13s. 6d. in the Pound. N. B. The Civil Lift and Peace Eftablifli - ments, to the Amount they are ftated at, is accounted for in my Pamphlet entitled, *' Fadts, and their Confcquences 5" fo I do not trouble the Public with Repetitions, A C C U N T No. V, Should wx be compelled to continue the War for another Year, it may be fairly pre- fu^led the Charge will not be lefs for J783 than it was for 1782. If fo, the Public Account will ftand on the 5th of January 1784, as follows; , . To the Loan jis in 1752 Pfovifions omitted, or fhort and de fedive Funds taken for more than they will produce in 1782 Balance of the Debt of the Navy, after allowing the £. i ,500,000 carried to- wards it from the Supplies 1782 The whole Increafe for the Year ending the 31ft of Dec. 1781, being ;^4»H5»722. Balance therelore is £» 2,641,722 Carried over - . ;C- i3>5QO>oop 13,500,000 The t 15 :i Brought over ^alance as in precedingt^nge^2j64i,722 The Sinking Fund ta- ken for more than it „ will produce as per . t ' ,, Account No, III» , * crediting Haifa Year. i,,^ , m, more ot the Diffe- rence gained by the ■>,, ,'- . ■- Redu6lion of the 3I , / »,*,, per Cent to 3 per Cent - - - 9,20,69^ DeHciency of Funds at perAccountNo. Illy / . for 1783, by the III- . tereft; running before theTaxes commence, or at leaft can be made produdlive Deficiency of Grants at .. per Account No. III. Interefl on Exchequer , Bills, as per Ac- . count No. III. X)cchequer Bill Office, as per ditto To the Bank of En- gland for rc'cci«^ing the Loan, &r. as per Ditto ToDifcount on prompt Payment of the Loan, as per Ditto Total New Debt, that muft be con- trailed if the War continues during 1783 - - - - 13,5001000 ■ ' * .! ,L;. 350,00© . 1 •., .-T 200,000 .•'\\. ..; ♦ •• 315,014 , •;.; 'rf , 3,888 -r'^'^: 1 • • ■ 1 1 • 1 ■ 1 , , - . ! , /-.» 1 10,669 ::■,;->„' z 80,000 4,521,988 • ' 4,521,988 ^.18,021,988 I : !■ ' ! Intereft [ i8 3 tntercil on i8 Millions only, at 6 per Cent. - - - Charges at the Bank on i8 Millions, nearly - - - Total additional Annual Burthen on the Public (if the War continues) on the 5th January 1784. - - £. i,o8o,oo* ■ ' 11,000 •*■ ,\, ■ , ;^. 1,091,000 1783) was per Account No. IV. - £ 250,040,000 Addition, if the War continues durii Capital Debt on the 5th of .anuary r. - luring 1783 - - - - Total Capital Debt on the 5th of Janu- ary 1784 *• * - Intereft payable to the Creditors on the 5th of January 1783, per Account No. IV. - ^ . . Additional Intereft for Debt contrafted, if the War continues for 1783 To the Creditors of the Public, on the 5thof January 1784 To the Amount of the Peace and Civil Lift Eftabliihments, per Account No. 1. 18,021, ^168,061,988 ii09i,ooo ;£.io,729,3it S,Soo,od» Total Annual Charge of neat Money ' ' •" on the Public, if the War continues .■ n .- — for 1783 - * . ^.16,229,311 Which, on the more than probable Suppofition, that the Public Revenue cannot on a Permanency, and Average of Year., be brought to exceed 12 Millions neat Annu- ally; the Creditors in that Cafe, in place of ^.10,729,311 will receive Annually only ^^.6,500,000, or I2S. id. JA the Pound, . The t '7 1 The foregoing Accounts muft certainly ftrike every thinking Mind with Aftonifli- ment, and Apprehenfion for the Confe- quences. Thiy are, iiideed, more like unto the feveri li Dreams of mad Speculation, than unto the real unexaggerated State of the Finances of a wife, inquiring, philofo- phical People. And, in truth, without fome one or other of the illuftrious Compe- titors for the Management of the'Treafures of this opulent Country have, amongft their other great Acquirements, of which we hear fo much, got Poffeflion of the grand Secret, the great Work, the Phi-* lofopher's Stone (and I do not know that any of them have as yet urged that Plea) I cannot fee how they are to go on. Ridicule may, perhaps, do more, at leaft I am fure it cannot do lefs, than ferious Admonition has done. ■!l Avarice and Credulity may promife any Thing, on extravagant Terms being offered ; but in the pvcnt of Public Misfortune, or even on the Change of the Caprice of Public Opinion, how are they to make good their D Promifes ? t '8 ] Promifes ? If they fail in Time of War, the worfl of Ruins, Anarchy enfues. In Time of Peace, the Public not being able to completely fulfil their Engagements to their Creditors, will be a great Calamity ; but will not, I hope, endanger the Safety of the State. Indeed, moil: of the few public Creditors who look beyond the Price of the Day, fee that this laft Event mufl neceflarily happen foon. The Funds are now kept up at the Rates they are at, only by an Idea, fo generally prevalent, that Peace mull be at hand, becaufe we are no longer able to go on with the War ; and confequently, as has generally happened on a Peace, there will be a great Rife in the Value of Govern- ment Securities, which cvery-body hopes by felling out to profit by ; not refleding, that if all croud to Market with their Stock at one Time, the Quantity on Sale exceed- ing, as it needs mud, the Demand, the Price cannot advance. Not having by me here j aft all the heavy Luggage of Authenticity, I may poilibly have made fome fmall Errors in my Figures ; but [ '9 J hut I apprehend, if any, they are trifling, and (the Extent of the Sums confidered) of no Importance ; at lead, not of Confc- quence to affe(ft or alter the Conclufions that mufl be drawn from what I have here fubmittcd to the Pubhc. !i In the Sums that are anticipated, and confequently in fome Degree conjedural at prefent, the Errors, which cannot be con- fiderablc, will, I apprehend, nearly balance each other ; and I dare, I think, pledge myfelf to the Public, at leaft on the general Balance not to have exceeded the Truth. Any Information or Corredions I fhall re- ceive with Gratitude, and, on Convidion, acknowledge them in the beft Manner, viz. by correcting my Errors. fl I wAsdefirous to ftate thefe Matters to the Public as early as I could, to avoid having their Prejudices and PrepoflelTions to combat with J and to prevent the ufual Anfwer from Minifters, that Plans are formed, and Information comes too late. D ? Through [ «« ] Through the whole of the Figures and Calculations already ftated, or to be dated to the Public, I have endeavoured, as n\uch as was poflible in a Subjedl of fuch vaft Extent and Intricacy, to join together Sim- plicity and Convidion, Concifenefs and Clearnefs, which cbnftitute the true Sublime in Matters of Account. The Public will judge how near I have approached to the Per- fedlion I aim at. If I have abfolutely failed^ I fhould be alhamed to mention the Trouble and Pains the Attempt has coft me. 1 SHALL now proceed to ftate the Proba- bilities on which I prefume, that the neat annual Revenue of the Nation can never durably and permanently, for an Average of Years, be brought to exceed Twelve Mil- lions. Of thefe Probabilities the Review is very ftiort, no Year previous to that end- ing on the loth of Odober 1781, having ever produced, or even very nearly approach- ed to, the Sum of Twelve Millions neat Money. The Produce of that Year is as follows : Neat [ 21 ] ACCOUNT No. VI. Neat Produce of the Public Revenue from the loth Odober 1780, to the loth of 0(ftober 1781. To the funded Creditors of the Public before the War - £.^,211,^06 To the funded Creditors fince the War, only one Half- Year of the Intereft of the Debt con- trailed in 1 78 1 being paid in this Period - - - To the Civil Lift Eftabliihment To Produce of the Sinking Fund « - - To neat Produce of Land and Malt Taxes at the utmoft - m 2,146,680 900,000 - 3,988,345 2,350,000 Total Produce of the Year end- ins on the 10 th of Odtober 1781 Dedudl One Year's Defici- ency of the Taxes not con- folidated with the Sinking Fund - - - - 12,596,531 474*529 Neat Produce of the Year end- ing on the loth of Odtober J781 « - ' £* 12,122,002 Here, C " ] r Here, I acknowledge, is a fmall Balance i but whether Management or Accident was the Caule of it, the Effect was not durable. In the next Quarter ending the 5th of January 1782, inflead of a Surplus there was a Deiiciency ; and the Half- Year ending the 5th of April 1782, did not produce fo much as the Half- Year ending the 5th of April 1781 by ^C- 374,673. This is decifive againft 1782, and the fcanty Crop pf Barley reaped in 1782 ; of Barley, on which One-Fourth of the Revenue depends; gives too well-grounded Apprehenllons> that the Revenue of 1783 will fuffer great Dimi- nutions, Indeed, the general Situation of the Country, and the Scarcity of Grain apprchenJed, deferves the ferious Conlider- ation of the Public, and of Individuals, I AM well aware, that the Inability of the Eaft-India Company to pay up their Duties, was in a great Part the Caufe of this great Falling-oiF of the Revenue in the current Year. But certainly nothing fa- vourable can be inferred from thence. In every Edifice, the weakefl Parts are the firfl t 23 1 firft that give Way. However fully Go- vernment may be employed, they muft of Neceflity look in the Face the Difficulties, and efpoufe v^^ith Vigour and Effed the Caufe, of the Eaft-India Company. They will require other and very powerful Aids from Parliament, befides the good Advice they are fo liberal of to them. If their Affairs go to ruin, or even fufFcr any very great Check or Diminution, our Syftem of Finance is at an End. The Compaiy's Duties having, on the moft moderate Cal- culation for many Years paft, produced full ^.1,200,000 yearly; and diredUy, or circui- toufly, their Servants, and thofe conneded with them or their Servants, are fuppofed for a great Number of Years to hiive remit- ted into this Country about Four Millions Sterling yearly ; and this, together with fo much of what v.as expended on the War, circulating amongft ourfelves 5 and the va- luable Captures made by our Ships of War X'u\ Privateers in the Beginning of the War with France ana Spain, and afterwards at the Commencement of the War with Holland, all of which in a Manner v.cre almoft inuan- tancoully [ 24 J taneoully vefted in our Funds; have been the great Sources that have f;nabled Govern- ment to raife the enormous Sums that they have raifed on the Public. I NOW come to our laft Refource, our lad Appeal, the promifed Land of Ceconomy, which, narrow and barren as it may prove, I am afraid many of us will never live to poflefs. I AM not Mafter enough of the Detail of the Navy, to fay whether any Reform in the Expence of it is necefTary or not ; but no Complaints being made, it may fairly be prefumed that there is no Foundation for any^ In the Army, as in the Church, the Sum Total, I believe, is not too much, but the Divifion of it is highly partial and unjufl. The expenfive Eftablifliments kept up for thofe Heaps of Ruins nick-named Foj'treffesy aiid the giving thofe lucrative Sinecures, a.^ they generally are given, to thofe who have already too much, are Reproaclics on Go- vernment. f 25 ] Vei-nnient* the Sums they coft fliould be formed into an Eftablifhment, to reward great and noble Actions in War, and to affift Military Merit, when attended, as it too often is, by Misfortune. From the Cloathing Profits and other Profits of the Regiments, a competewt Al- lowance fliould be made to the commanding Officers who refide with their Regiments* From their Care and Affiduity, the moral and military Charad:er of the Army, the good Difcipline and the good Behaviour of our Troops, are principally formed; and yet, laborious and important as the Truft is, no Benefit is derived from it : On the con- trary. Men of Spirit, in order to do credit to the Corps they command, are forced into a Style and Rate of Living their Pay will not afford j and too often by it arc brought into Difficulties and Diflrefs. I MENTION only what is moil llriking j fnany other ufeful Reformations in the £ Army r i6 ] Army might be pointed out ; but liicve^Ce of Revenue being my prefent Objcdt, which I think is not, at leafl: to any Extent, to be found there, I quit the Subject. The whole Sum paid by Government, exchifive of what is paid to the Navy and Army (adverted to above) calculated from the Produce of the Sixpence in the Pound which extends to all other Payments, amounts to One Million Seven Hundred and Ten Thoufand Pounds yearly. Out of this Sum the Offices alone which exceed in Income One Hundred Pounds yearly, are the Objeds of Reform, the Parliament hav- ing already, and I thnik with great Jullicc, exempted Otlirjs not producing more than One Hundred Pounds yearly, from even the additional Shilling in the Pound which made Part of the Ways and Means for 1758. Now the Produce of the Tax of One Shilling in tlic Pound on Offices exceeding One Hundred Pounds of yearly Income, amounting toabout Forty Thoufand Pounds yearly, it follows^ that Eight Hundred Thoufand Pounds yearly is t 27 1 ' is thegrofs Sum upon which the Reform is to operate ; from which deducing the Judges Salaries, Appointments to Foreign Minifters, and fome other Articles which do not a^mit of any Diminution, the Amount of which taken together w:ll exceed Two Hundred Thoufan 1 Pounds yearly, it follows, that the real neat Sum on which the Operation of Reform can take Place, will at the ut- moll not exceed Six Hundred Thoufand Pounds yearly. And of this, were we to retrench One-Third, or Two Hundred Thoufand Pounds yearly, it certainly would be too fevere an Amputation ; fo about One Hundred and Fifty Thoufand Pounds yearly is all that can be faved, was the Reform *o take Place in its full Extent : A poor Objecft, furcly, to be offered in Defence of the Con- tinuance of a War, of which, alas I it would not do much more than pay the Intereft of the Sum that muftbe borrowed to carry it on for only Six Weeks, as may be feen in the Account No. V. fubmitted to the Public in the foregoing Part of this Performance. E2 The [ 28 ] The only true, the only real Oeconomy is Peace; a temperate, calm Adminiftration -^ a wife Forbearance, and a fleady Contempt for popular Clamour, ever ready to plunge the Nation into War, and ftill more ready to repine at the Calamities infeparable from War. War and Oeconomy are incompatible i they cannot, nay often they ought not tq afTociate together. The true Science of War is to make it groffe et courte, fhort and powerful. Two bad, ftarved, niggardly Campaigns will cofl greatly more than one of the beft-fupported, and of the mofl bril- liant Succefs ; and will only ferve to retard, inftead of promoting, the only really juft Objedt of War, a fafe and an honourable Peace, which the other in a manner fecures. Had the Objed: they purfued been attain- able, the late Miniflers certainly deferved well of the Public, for the great and unpa- ralleled Attention with which they fupport- cd the War in America ; which, though in a Country fo remote, and in Situations fo fubjeded [ 29 ] fubjedted to the Accidents and Variations of Cliinate, of Wiiwl and of Weather, never fufFered from the Want of any necelTary Supplies. Even the Navy, of the Negled and Mifmanagcmcnt of which v^^e heard fo much, has by the glorious Effort on the J 2th of April, of fuperior Skill, Courage, and Preparation, refuted every rafli Afperfion; and fhould in (o far reftore the Noble Lord who lately prcfided over it to the Public Gratitude and Efleem. Although the Relief OEconomy can give is very fmall, if confidered relatively to the boundlefs Expcnces we are at prefent involved in ; and though 1 have thought it necf'flary to (liew and afcertain its narrow Bounds and Extent, in order that the extra- vagant and dclufivc Boafts of Minillers of the Effects it will produce under their Admi- niflration, may meet with the Contempt that they defervci yet I am far, very far from mean- ing to difcourage the Pradice of it. It is a Puty Government owe to the reft of their fubjedts. [ ] fubjedls, ftaggering under the Load and Weight of a Multiplicity of Taxes, to fup- prefs, or at lead to bring within moderate Bounds, thofe enormous Sinecures, that throw a too great always, and too often an unmerited Wealth into the Hands of a few Individuals : Sinecures which fre- quently owe the extravagant Advance of their Profits to the Public Calamities, and pre- pofteroufly increafe inftead of diminifhing by the Neceffities ^ f the State. They are hateful to the People; and by the fuppreffing or moderating of them. Government would acquire the bell: and moft delirable of all Returns, the Confidence, the Gratitude, and Good-will of the Public. But fliould any Thing material or eflential be meant to be done in this Matter, I am much of Opinion, that it mufl be accomplilhed by general and peremptory Refolutions of the Parliament itfelf. Any inferior Powers, Infpedion, or Controul, will foon become, as they have ever done, a Part of thofe very Grievances they were meant to redrefs, Minifters, if well inten-" C 3^ 1 Intentioned (which they feldom are) to go all Lengths, have fcarce ever a decided Influence. Majority, and Weight fufficient to embolden and to enable them to eradicate Abufes, con- ftrued by long Ufage into Right, and fup- ported by the pov^erful Influence of the PofleiTors and their Adherents. , - Amongst the many very fagacious Max- ims and Refleaions in the Reports from the Commiffioners of Accounts, none ftrike me more forcibly, than thofc which inculcate the Amplifying the Mode of Accounting witn the Public i for certainly, of all Accounts, the fimple one of Debtor and Creditor is the mod fatisfaaory. to what good End or Purpofe all thofe various Officers, Offices, and Checks with flrange Names, have been cftabUaied at fo great an Expence, which, either diredly or indiredly, comes out of the Pocket of the Public, I am intirely ig- norant. , . .!• Nor C 52 ] « Nor from the Reports already mentioned does there appear any particular Benefit to have arifen to the Public from them. If the Advantages derived from them are not very great and uncontrovertible, they never can balance the Harm that they do. The Dread of the DifHcalties, the Intricacies^ and, above all, the Delays in palling Ac-* counts through thefe Offices, make a pro- portionable Indemnification attended to, and included in the Price demanded for every Thing to be furnifhed to Government 1 which even in Peace creates a great Lofs to the Public j and in a War, at the low Efti- mation on the Sums paid to the dififerent Contradors of One per Cent, extraordinary, the Lofs will amount to a very large Sum, exclufive of the Expence to the Public of the Offices themfelves. Surely, in the prefent improved State of Science in Figures and Fi- nance, feme Mode might eafily be devifed, more fimple and equally fafe, for paffing the Public Accounts, without the great Prejudice to the Public ftated above. Though t 33 ] Though more extenfive Operations of Reform ought to take place, and though confiderable Parts of what were promifed were left out, for no good Reafons that I know of, yet the Public Gratitude and Thanks are due to the Promoters of the confiderable Beginnings already made ; of which v/e (hall be able to fpeak with more Precifion, when they are ultimately fettled and adjufled, and the Extent of the Savings are liquidated and known ; and when the Caufes of the Deficiency in the Civil Lift Eftablifhment are inveftigated, and Means fallen on to prevent any future Accident of this kind j otherwife we may be faving Far- things with one Hand, whilft we are running Pounds into Debt with the other. Nor ought we, perhaps, to negled to offer our Thanks, and to acknowledge with be- coming Gratitude ihe Generofity of thofe Gentlemen who have offered, and accepted of the Service of the Public at reduced Prices; fo low, I think, one Gentleman, F as [ 34 ] as at Four Thoufand Pounds a- Year hard Money, and to name his Deputy. To thofc who know the great Abilities of the Men, this will appear ferving the Public for next to Nothing j in the mercantile Stile of Adver- tiling, at the ready-money Price, far below Prime Cuft. But as tjie Public, as well as Individuals, may be hurt by buying Penny- worths, I would not advife them to make many more fuch good Bargains. ' '• >it In truth, however great the Merit of the Propofer may be, a Reform is introduced with no good Grace by thofe who are to con- tinue to polfefs Offices infinitely more lucra- tive, and perhaps not much more efficient,than thofe that are to be abolifhed. One cannot help recolledling Ophelia's Admonition to her Brother Laertes : ''' But, good my Brother, Do not as fume ungracious Paftors do, Shew me the fteep and thorny Way to Heaven j Whilit like a pufi and carelefs Libertine, Himfelf the Primrofe Path of Dalli^nte tre^ds^ Aiid rcfcks not his own Reed. But C 35 ] fiuT the foregoing arc, in the State Things juft now arc in, but very fubaltern Conli- dcratiofts : the prcfiing Dangers of the Pub- lic Situation demand far other Aids. And in the prefent tremendous Crifis, nothing ap- pears to me in any Degree fo equal to the Objed: in view, viz. the Prcfervation of the State, as by a Concurrence and Declaration of the virtuous independent Majority, (which I hope ftill fubfift, at Icaft in one of the Houfes of Parliament) to afcertain and limit the Terms of ConcefTion, the Nation, to obtain a Peace, will fubmit to. If thefe are refufed by the Enemy, the Parliament mufl: call on the Public at large, to fupport with their Lives and Fortunes the Independence of the Nation, to fave or perifli with their Country. Whatever is to be done, ought to be done fpeedily. By a defenfive War nothing can be gained s all may be loft. This Year 1782 has been accounted rather a fortunate Year; and the Superiority of Force employed againft us, weighed and F 2 confidered. L 3^ J coniidered, I think it has been fo : yet it is not yet expired ; and in it we have already loft the Iflands of Minorca, St. Chriftopher's, Nevis, and Montferratj the Bahama Iflands; whatever we held by our Indian Allies, or by ourfelves, on thr Spanifh Continent of America ; together with our Forts and Ter- ritories in Hudfon's Bay, and all our much- boafted Conquefts to the Southward of New York; and by confequential ReafoningNew "Y ork itfelf foon to follow. Thefe, with In- dependence granted to America, the indif-^ penfable Requilite to every Negotiation for Peace, might, either by the Ceilion of them, or fomething equivalent to them, have gone a great Way tov/ards procuring a Peace, Cjr Situation with our neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland does not moreover improve, and promifcs nothing but hu- miliating and dangerous Alternatives to US| nor indeed to them, I think, all the folid Profperity and Comfort they expe(5t frora it4 [ 37 ] it; unlefs the felf-armed, felf-difclplined, Hofl of Volunteers, who have hitherto be- haved with fuch diftinguifned Order and Propriety, can be induced (the End ob- tained for which they armed, as it nearly is), without Force c* Bloodlhed, to fall back into the laborious, obfcurc, and unimportant Situ'^tions of Life the Mafs of whem at Icall: advanced from : for till they ]ay down their Arms, all depend? on the juft and generous Way of thinking and a(5ting of thofe, who may think and ad otherwife if they fo pleafe j which, the Follies and FraiU ties infeparably conneded with Humanity conlidered, is but a precarious Tenure. But I will not anticipate Mibfortune ; yet certainly here is Matter for Meditation to all ; but particularly, and in feme Sort ex- <:lurively, to thf* noble Lord now at the Head of the Britifh Councils, who is an Irifhman, and the Bulk of whofe Property is fituatcd in that Country, where he does not relide. But, above all, let us not again be the FooJ$ of ov^r own over-heated Imaginations, nor [ 38 ] nor the Dupes of the Profeflions, that know no Bounds, of the Competitors for Power. Only a few ihort Months have pafTed, fmce all was Triumph, all was Exultation. Like Moliere's Botirgeois Gentilhomme^ who at lafl: found out he had been fpeaking Profe all his Life, without knowing any Thing of the Matter ; we difcovered, that, without hav- ing in the leaft fufpedted it, we had all our Lives been living amongft the moft diflin- guifhed Set of Men that any h^^ or Coun- try ever produced ; amongft Law-givers, Heroes, and Demigods, whofe Virtues could only be furpalTed by their tranfcendent Abi- lities; and who being now called by the united Voice of the People to the Admini- ftration of Public Affairs, created us from that very Inftant the moft powerful, and the moft happy Nation the Sun ever fhone upon. The irrefiftible Current of popular Enthufiafm fwept into Oblivion all former Surmifes of Falfehood, Frailty, and Incon- fiftency of Character in the Bufmefs of Ame- rica ', all was perfe<5l, all were faultlefs. . Under t 39 ] Under Credentials fo ample, our illuftrx- ous Band of Worthies proceeded to the 3aQk of St. James's j which being accom- plifhed, and all feliifh Covetoufnefs being dead and buried with Lord North and his Adminiftration, they proceeded without Lofs of Time to divide the Plunder amongft themfelves. Honours they beftowed pro- fufely on each other, and Emoluments of any Confequence they parcelled out to the laft Farthing; all which they executed with great Cordiality, and a due Regard to diftri- ^ butive Juftice ; never forgetting at proper Times to found each, other's Praife, and, abpve aU> the matchlefs Dilintereftednefs that pervaded the Condu<^ of all concerned. As few only of the chofen were admitted to s. Participation of the Public Spoils, the r^Kites were good and comfortable. To tiij general aggregate Body of thein Adhe- rents they gave nothing, except boundlefs Praife, fome lean Baronetages, and a ge- nerous and liberal Indulgence, without De- gree, Licence, or Diploma, to prefcribe for and ti J' t 40 J ahd pra^llfe on the Difeafes and Infirmities of the Conftitution. Yet all were pleafed, and AddrefTes of Thanks to the Crowii flowed from every Quarter, ' ' - * But (hort are the Friend(hips of intcreft- cd Ambition, though cemented by Accom- modations very r -ugjnant to their Profef- iions, and very unbtv Ing the impoveriihed State of the National Finances, acknow- ledged and even attempted to be juftified by both Parties. No fooner does an Objed: come in fight, and in probability foon to be open to the Claims of each Party; an Obje(ft great in Emolument, and in Power fupreme; to which both pretend a Right, and but one alone can enjoy; then firft we hear of Diffe- rences of Opinion great, and decifive in pub- lic Matters of high Import ; then all the imputed Virtues difappear, and in their Place fuccecd Bittcrnefs, Rage, and Re- vilings, with dark and foul Sufpicions, and Names too harfh for me to ufe. Now all is Uproar, and factious Canvafling. Pro- miles, [ 41 J mifes, Honours, and all the little Wealth that is left, are profufely fquandered on each bold Abettor of Party. From every Profcf- iion Orators are fought, and retained on Terms almoft as high as the Subfidies wc ufed to pay to foreign Princes ; but moft from that Profeffion to which long Pra(5lice has made it familiar to varnifh over the Er- rors, to make each crooked Deviation from right Reafon, of the human Head or Heart appear to be ftraight; to puzzle w^ithout con- vincing ; to perplex without proving ; and without applying to our Paflions, by mere Dint of Length and Drynefs of Argument to force from us a reludtant Acquiefcence, which our Underftandings, made tame by Wearinefs and Difguft, would fain deny, but dare not. For this idle War of Words, of Replies, Dupplies, Tripplies, and Re- joinders, each Side arc provided with a long- robed Phalanx, that coils more than would maintain a firfl-rate Ship of the Line to fight our Battles. G The FTSI [ 42 ] The great, the fimple, the felf-denying Virtues that make Nations great, and keep them fo, are all out of Fafliion, out of Date ; and in my Confcience I believe, a Man would gain more Credit, and certainly would be much more fure of Preferment, by an ingeni- ous rhetorical Apology for the Want of every human Virtue, than by polTefling, without the Power of announcing them, every great and good Quality that can adorn human Nature. Where the Treafure .wS, there the Heart will be alfoi^-and if to fpeak at all Hazards, as long as a Man can ftand upon his Legs ; if to tell a Tale, like that of an Idiot, full of Sound and Fury, but meaning nothing ; which, when tricked up and arranged in twenty puffing Publications, fcarce rifes to common Senfe ; if this is the Sum, the ultimate Reach of human ExceU lence, and the fure Path to every Honour and Emolument the State Has to beftow, we (hall foon, alas ! all be nothing better than Sophifts and Rhetoricians. ' . . Yet i f 43 ] Yet I do not mean to deny that Oratory is an ingenious Art, and very uncommon to be found in any Degree of Perfection : I only mean to bring under Queftion its All-Sufficiency, independent of thofe Qua- lifications that ufed to merit, and ufed to cnfure the Confidence of Mankind to govern the Affairs of the State. It is recorded, that a Man came before Alexander the Great, who, by a Juflncfs of Eye; and by great Praiflice, had acquired fuch a Dexterity of Hand, that at % confiderable Diflance he couM hit and fix a Pea upon a Needle's Point. This illuftHous Conqueror did not call this Son of Ingenuity to the Head' of his Councils, did not give him the Dif- pofal of his Fleets and Armies 5 he only rewarded him, by ordering a ^ufhel of Peafe to be given him. If talking floridly and fluently about great. Actions*, is .equi- valent to the doing of them, :veiy few will be performed. - '! ■,'y zixi s;:;:n r*-* 'f J •.* •ftA^rfw *■*• ^' hrA «!■ [ 44 i ] And thus the native Hue of Refolution ^ ' " Is ficklied o*er with the pale Caft of Thought ; And Enterprizes of great Pith and Moment -..■'. With this Regard, their Currents turn away. And lofe the Name of Aftion. i;:a;': lozi- ./.* ■A': Like the Greek Monks, who at the Siege of Conftantinople, inftead of manning the Battlements againfl the c6mmon Enemy, were nightly cutting one another's Throats in civil Broil, in furious Fanaticifm of Dif- pute, on vilionary Prerogatives, Purity, and Pre-eminence- ^if the Greek over the Latin Church, till Mahomet ftormed the Place, and put an End to their Difputcs and to daem, to : the Greek Religion, and to the Greek Empire: Thus we, torn into Pieces hjf paltry XHiTentions about Place and Power; perplexed by Plans of conftitu- tionalPufityi and Reformation, about which no Two People can agree, yet both Par- ties feem to. favour^ becaufe both Parties wiOi to make ufc of the worthy, well- meaning A • I 45 ] .meaning Promoters of them, to retain or to acquire Power: Thus we, I fay, alive to thefc alone, dead to all the reft, fhall be- come an cafy Prey to the Ambition of the Houfc of Bourbon j our Laws, our Liber- , ties, our Conftitution, and our Empire be involved in one common Ruin 5 our Fall unpitied, and our Name forgot. Culhoro, O^ 26th, iiZz* .".i . THE END. ■v iiwi«'r**"''''H' i ' .."I'n'I i-».r;>''tJ •^^nr M^ .-^A- Tits Day is puUlJheit Price One ShWiiig, "^ ■ * STOCKD ALE*. NEW COMPANION to the NEW ROYAlL" KALENDAR,»nd COURT and CITY REGISTER, for the Year 1783 ; being a Lift of all the CHANGES in ADMI- NISTRATION, from the Aeceflion of the prefent King, in October 1760*10 the prefent Time. To which it prefixed, a Liil of the late and prefent HOUSE of COMMONS, (hewing the Changes made in the Mtmbers of Parliament by the General BleAion in September 1780, wkh the Names of the Candidates where the Ele^iona were contefted, the Numbers polled, and the Decifiona fince made by the SeleA Committees. Alfo the Pates when each City and Borough firft fent Reprefentatives to Parliamint, the Right of Eleftion in each Place, and the fup. poTed Number of Vcxera. To which is added* a co»p]ete INDEX of NAMES. Printed for J. STOCKDALE, (from Mr. Almon's) Piccadilly; T. Carman* St. Pawl's Church«Yard; and R.Fauldek* New Bond Street. %* Be careful to aflc for STOCKDALE*s NEW COMPANION. which may be hid feparatr, or bound with ti^e Niw Royal Kalindar. New Pamphlets printed for J. Stockdalb, oppofitC BURLINOTON-HOUSE, PiCCADlLLY. I. TRACTS and their. CONSEQUENCES t fubraitted totHe! t/ ConfideraHpiiiOf the Public i^» l^rgfl h\it mo^e p^ajca- larTy to that of t6eTi^A«^icK MiNi&tER; aim thofc'wlio are/ or mean to becoipe, ^fdjitotf of ithe St^tp. .fp which is add n . -<:,'! ?. THE CONSTITUTIGl^S' Af the 'feverar I^ro^1^feN- DENT STATES of AMERICA ; the Declaration of Inde- pendence ; the Articles^ ij^f^jConfedeutjmi between the faid States ; the Treat ieaCbettireeA his MofflCliriftian Majefty and the United States of America. Published by Order of Congress. Philadelphia printed r London reprinted, with an Adver« tiferoent by the Editor. Price ?s. 6d. fewed. LANDS, on the prefent alarming and moik dangerous Situa- tion of the R^JUaiiie of tiOLLAHI^; fhewidg the Urae in pufting t^f lUpjuyif iitto ^ propiqr§itJ»te,fi^jftsf«i»pf,;q94ifhf ^ AciV»1«Ug95 of a9 ^>i W mh. lyqliaJKi, Fr«np»| ^i^4: A,im?^f9fj By a Put.^ » 7. Thtqmi^pmK J|'F«Mtt3EE»oT«r(^Aflri.^%i«iyW performed WM|^,;Ui^iv«rfjil.Aip|?l«^;llVllAe Thcawq ftojlLifl-t^ic ; Hay Mark^j;,, byMH}^^^I>^tii^T*y.c^%<^^Mmm\fi P«CC IS, ■.•Kif;u..'< :. 1 .^»>'^^v. ;. o:>» it:'' / . ' i: ■-."iAv A, DEFENCE oiF.tiife ftight Hon4uWbte; fh«' EAR6/ i, "^H^ ^ ■His i ■1^^'