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Jv4»jrv»l/,' '^^^^^iP^S^*^^ ^ - ^^° ^ l*^- ' -^^' ' --''-''-''-^ ' ^' °W '^'J'i « iWt^ w m < iu.. ' W. "/■ : ! ^ i a };' \ 1* .^.^- IS 30 ili/ttr<^' ^> 4& _r'JS ""♦^.1 U./'^ icii.lllll I'lli'^iSlA ../rr.. ,rf^C:V /,"i>^ \^ Jtl.. IMO ■k t ^V -/'"^ >-^-^.>^^ ^^ (l>«^-^ ^^--^^ ^ ' y- iVf : 1,11'riNK X v^ !>"■ H,5 [ >; 1") I A N t I ( . f'tr. I — -^- rof,io.^i JVP?~P j^S^4„ AT N~ ^m Australia AusU-aJia .New?i.iiai£^.. ] ^OWN E X 15 ]S MAL' Of THK VVO'ILD, I illustiMtiiig the WDi'li 0I' the S.K l>. i iu the present cphIto v . ' Tlu frr.wil.-'oLfmal Dioi-est.' Qjt shtn thus CAPE TOWN. 30 4 5 •*> 75 jFrij rtO LomUude 105 1^0 lis 1, f r^ I I ■ I + ' , ^.i«. M ^ f (?/' i%5 V 1 LjuitfjiaiiMit^r.' V r. S r WORK IX THE COI.ONIES S(»NfJ--, /\(( ul N r OK • THE AITSSIONAUY OrERATIONS m OF e^hc (Tburcb of C-italanb 4^$o!| IV russi'.xiov w I III ini: >ul11:TY For THK PKorAi.ATinX mK TIIK (.OSPKl. IN Fol.'KK'.N I'AKTS, ^4^ -1H <\ 11 •■ TIIK EAKTII SIlAl.l. b£ H l.L «iK fill KMiWIKi'UK of THK I.OKU AS THK WATKR.S r(AKK THE SEA." LONI^OX : GEIFFITH A XI) FAIHiAX, C0RNP:R of ST. PAUL S CHURCHYARD, 18G5. \^ -' :jJoo LONDON : R. CLAY, SON, AND TAVLOTI, flllNTBRS, nUEAD STREET HILL. ^ 41^ C ( ) X T K K T S. lAOE nri: i.ity ok \u. itoptf. t<. as.sf.st in tmf Juoi'\<;ATfov of n\E (iOs- '^l. IHIIOKJlK.rT Tlfh WORLD . 1 niAPTKIl IT TiiK (Of/.N-rr-^; vnd dkpkndem.'ies (.i-- giirat nuiTAiN .... 7 CirAPTFU ]U. niK SOCIFTY Foil TIIK VnOVM.ATlns i,v THE OOSPEI 14 CMAPTKP IV. U'oliK OF THE SOCIETY IX AMERKA t UNITED STATES — NOV\ '''''^ 23 CIIAPTFJI V. ^VORK rx AMERIfA {continued) : VXN xmxN mocEHEs. quehec- TORONTO—MONTREAL— HTTRON-ONTAiao 39 CHAITER VI. WORK IN AMERICA {ronfinued) : Newfoundland -- frederictox — RUPERT'S LAND— COLUMBIA g4 V"l CONTEXTS. CHAPTER YII. W(}ltK JN AMERTCA {COncludcd) ' WEST INDIAN J)IOi;ESES. M/VICA— NASSAU— BARBADOS — A NTUilA— OI.^IANA . . . PACE JA- . . 91 CHAJ'TEK VIII. WOIIK IXAFIIICA . ("APETOWN — ail ATIAMSTOWN~N ATAL— ST. HELENA — CENTRAL AFItlCA — ORANGE IITVER 128 CHAPTER TX. WORK IN AFRICA {concluded) : sierrv leone— Niger — mauritiits, 16i> CHAPTER X. WORK IX ASIA : EAST INDIAN DIOCESES. CALCUTTA — MADRAS — iiOMBAV , 197 CHAPTER XI. WORK IN ASIA, {concluded} : Colombo — labuan — victoria 223 CHAPTER XII, work in ALSTRALASIA ; AUSTRALIAN DIOCESES. SYDNEY — GOUL- BOURN — NEWCASTLE — BRISBANE —MELBOURNE — ADELAIDE — PERTH — TASMANIA — NORFOLK AND TITCAIRN'S ISL VNDS . . . 250 CHAPTER XIII. WORK IN AUSTRALASIA {concluded) : THE ISLES OF THE PACIFIC. NEW ZEALAND — CHRISTCHURCII — WELLINGTON — NELSON — WAIAPU — MELANESIA— HONOLULU 302 i:HAPTER XIV. WORK IN EUROPE AND THE SHORES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN : GIBRALTAR — JERUSALEM — CONTINENTAL CHAPLAINCIES — EMI- GRANTS' All* FUND — ST. Augustine's college — present state OF THE COLONIAL CHURCH — CONCLUSION 343 ■-'f 91 223 250 Tiif: ioUowing pages have been written in the hop(.^ of partly su]»plyiug the want which has been so much felt, of a short and popuhir ciccount of uur Cch)nies, and of the work which thi> Society for the rropagation of the (rospel has ])eAm enabh'd to carry on in tlieni dur- ing the lumdred and sixty-four years of its existence. A little book of tiiis kind can possess frw claims to originality; it is chieily com])iled from the Eepurts and otlier publications of the Society, and from the pages of the Colonial Church Chroniek. The Map anocu ■ty. l.^-t^-, .t-i^lMJMJJ- ^:- LIST OF TLLUSTRATIOXS. MAP OF nilC WofcLD BISHOP SEAErKY's PARSONAf.Ff: , . •ST, PAUL'S CnURCH, ST, MAKOARET's BAY, N THE RI( E LAKE, TOROX'IO A NEWFOUNDLAND TILT . . , , CODRINGTON COLLEGE INDIAN SCHOOL- HOT 'SE, POMEROO V UTIMUNI, A ZX'LU CHIEF .... PORT LOUIS, MAURITIUS . , , , bishop's COLLEGE, CALCUTTA . . CATHEDRAL AT ('((LOMBO . , . . TRINCOMALIE, '^^EYLON ..... SARAWAK, FROM THE COURT HOUSE SYDNEY ST PETER S COLLEGIATE SCHOOL, ADELAIDE PORT NICHOLSON, NTAY ZEALAND . , . ST. AUGUSTINE'S COLLEGE, CANTERBURY . PAGE {f.o face TUh-2)'i(l<") OVA SCOTIA 26 32 48 104 118 140 190 200 226 230 238 258 282 318 360 II*!?)- ■ ■«s- i '•■■^ WORK IN THE COLONIES, CHAPTER I. "thy kingdom come.' IteRE are few people, at least among those making any pro- fession of religion in this Christian land, who do not repeat these words each day of their lives ; and. Sunday after Sunday their sound is borne upwards, from the hearts, we trust, as well as the lips of innumerable worshippers. But amongst tae thousands who unite in offering up this prayer, how small a number ever reflect on the responsibility they thus incur ! Is it not generally acknowledged that when we pray for any temporal or spiritual blessing it is oar bound en duty to make every exertion in our power towards the attainment of that blessing 1 Should we not justly deem that person in error, who, having prayed (earnestly, '' Cive us this day our daily bread," should sit with folded hands expecting his daily sustenance to he brought to him without any corresponding effort on his part ? ftow then can we beseech the Almighty to hasten the coming of His visible kingdom here below, — that is, the extension of e Christian rehgion throughout the world, as we do in this B r 2 WORK IN THE COLONIES. petition, — "how can wo venture to do this if we are not at the same time doing e\'ery thing in our i)ower to advance that blessed object? Let each, one of us then ask himself the question, — What am I doing to aprtad thx-, hiowUdge of our Pj^essed Lord and. His Gospel amongst those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death ? And to those who think that it is not in their 'power to do anything for so great a work, be it said, there are three methods in which the propagation of th(} Gospel may be advanced, and one or mort^ of these is in the power of every living being. Firstly, by Personal Exertions. In all ages it has pleased God to raise up men wlio have devoted themselves to this work as missionaries — men, who have indeed "left houses and lands, brethren and sisters, flitliers and mothers, wives and children, for Christ's sake and the Gospers."' Prom the days of the Apostles to the present time, ther<3 has never been wanting n glorious succession of those who hav^e thus a climbed tlio steep ascent of Henven Tliroiigli |)eriJ, toil, and pain/' — And let us never forget, — we, — who in Christian England enjoy the full light of the Gospel, — that we owe that blessing entirely to the exertions, to the self denying laVjours of such as these ; — to whom, doubtless, has been, and ever will be fulfilled, the gracious promise that they " shall receive an hundredfold now in this time — and in the world to come eternal life." And here we cannot forbear directing attention to an ex cellent paper which appeared some years ago in the Gospel Missionary,\ entitled, "A few Words to jMothers at Home about Missions Abroad," which clearly points out to English 1 Vide Gospel Missionary, vol. v. p. 60. not at the hat V)lesscel ion, What Lord and the shadow power to do hree methods [vanced, and being. has pleased to this work }s and lands, ind children, days of the 3n wanting a i3U England lat blessing rs of such as be fulfilled, hundredfold 1 life." 3n to an ex the Gospt^l rs at Home t to English WORK IN THE COLONIES. 6 mothers how much may be done by them in nwaking and foster- ing a missionary spirit in their cliiklren. But there are many w]io by reason of their ago, or sex, or other circumstances, ar»! unable to give their own personal assistance in this great work. The next method of advancing the propagation of the Gospel, is one which is tindou.bterd to give away so much in charity j but^ would tliis plea be often hearro[)rirn out in the almost impo^y^ble attempt to rule, single-handed, over the spiritual destinies of dioceses as large as or larger than the entire extent of Great Hrilain, and of tribes eagerly demanding the blessings of salvation, and appa- rently demanding them in vain ! Let us then endeavour by a course of steady and consistent self-denial to wipe away this repjroach. Let us all "/>e readi/ to give and f/lad to dutribnte : l((i/in(j up in ct ore for ourselves a (jood fonndatiou mjainst the time tu conie^ tlmt we may attain eternal If we wish to maintain in ourselves by association with others, the spirit of persevering exertion and prayer, there is the Missionary ITnion of St. Augustine's inviting us to join f 6 WORK IN THE COLONIES. it. Thin union was formed originally in connexion with St, Augustine's ( 'olle^rc^ Cant(U*l)ury ; but it now includes upwards of 1,0(J(.» niembera, r(3sidin<^ in sixty-nine ditt'erent dioceses of the English comniuniou. They make it their practice, unless reasonably hindered, to communicate on Whit-Sunday, with special j»ra}'er for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the ndssioDs of the Church. They fidopt particular subjects com- mended from time to time to their intercession by missionaries, who have put thcTiiselves into communication with the Warden of St. Augustine's. TJiey receive also interesting missionary correspondence from all parts of the world, and other papers issuing from the St. Augustine's press. In fact they labour, each accordip.g to his ability, for the extension of the kingdom of Christ. And if we seek for a channel by Avliich to convey the fruits of our zeal to these distant regions, we shall not have far or long to seek. The venerable Society for the I'ropagation of the (70sp«d in Foreign Parts is the appointed organ of missionary efforts in this th(> Anglican Branch of the Holy Catholic Church, piesi«ila\vare were colonized by Williiim I'eim in lOHl. In 1704 (.Jihraltar -was takon ; in 171.3 the troaty of Utrcclit put u« finally in nosscssion ol' Nova Scotia and Xowfoundliind ; ('anada w.'i!^ conquered from tlie French in 1700, the colony of Sierra Leone was estahhshed in 1787, that of New South Wales in 1 7.^8 ; in I71)r) (/cylon, and in ISOG the (ape of Good Hope, wore takcni from tlie l)ut<'li ; the island nf Mauri- tius was yielded to us by the Frcneli in 1S1(», and the posses- sion ot Guiana, our only ini])ortant colony in South America, was finally secured by the Treaty of l^iris in 1814. It will be seen that some of our minor colonies are not mentioned in this list, but enough has been done to show how vast was the increase of the British Empire in the comparatively short space of about two hundred years. In Calais, England lost her last continental possession, in the reign of (,)ueen Mary, and the dominions of (^ueen EJizabeth in thcs down, thought - e to ihii God — is iirr but tinie- log-built waters of Rations in ose upon the winding shoros of furtliest Orogon, gather themselves together ns the hour r*'af Eng- forts of 3urage- assist- ?ites of )rtance pite of ts, en- i^as not ization of our •s. In lislied Mence n the from ishops, state loyalty remained stedfast, and in the year 1787 our first Colonial Bishop was consecrated, A brighter page in the annals of our colonies commences from that date, and to this we most gladly turn, concluding this brief sketch A ;th a summary of the rapid progress of tlie Colonial Episcopate. On the 12th August, 1787, Dr. Charles Inglis was consecrated Bishop of IS^ova Scotia, and thus became oui first Colonial Bishop. His authority was supposed to extend over all the colonies in North America which then remained in the possession of the British ( 'rown, those which separated from England in 1 783, and now form the United States, having already obtained the episcopate by the consecration of Dr. Seabury in 1784, and Drs. White and Provoost in, February, 1787. The enormous charge of the Bishop of Nova Scotia was reduced in 1793, by the erection of the Bisliopric of Quebec. In 1814 our first Bishop in the eastern hemisphere was appointed to the See of (Jalcutta. In 1824 the episcopate was extended to the West Indies by the consecration of the Bishops of Barbados and Jamaica. The vast diocese of the Bishop of Calcutta was gradually diminished by the erection into separate bishoprics of Madras in 1^35, Aus- tralia (which had indeed only been nominally within the diocese of Calcutta) in 1836, and Bombay in 1837. In 1839 a similar subdivision was effected in tlie IS'orth American dioceses by the erection of the Bishoprics of ]S ewfoundland and Toronto. In 1840 a letter of Bishop Blomfield of London, gave a new impulse to the movement, and led to the formation of the Colonial Bislio])rics Fund, from wldch, in the first fourteen years of its existence;, 264,000/. were spent in the fcmndationand endowment of Colonial Bishoprics. In 1841 the Bishop of Is"ew Zealand was consecrated. In 1842 the Bishopric of Barbados was subdivided into those of Barbados, Antigua, and Guiana; the Bishop of ,.,....:^ m 12 WORK IN THE COLONIES. Gibraltar was appointed for the British possessions in the Mediterranean ; and a lUshop lor Van Diemen's Land was consecrated with the title of Bishop of Tasmania. In 1845 the Bishop of Madras was relieved of the charge of Ceylon, then erected into a separate diocese wuth the title of the Bishopric of Colornho ; and the diocese of Nova Scotia was still further reduced by the formation of the Bishopric of Fredericton. In 1846 a Bishop was appointed to minister to the Anglican con- gregation at Jerusalem. In 1847 the diocese of Australia vras subdivided into those of Sydney, Melbourne, Newcastle, and Adelaide ; and the Cape of Good Hope \vas erected into a diocese under the name of the Bishopric of Capetown. In 1849 a Bishop w^as consecrated for the vast territory of Rupert's Land ; and at the same time our settlements in (.hina were placed under episcopal superintendence by the consecration of the Bishop of Victoria. The diocese of Quebec was still further diminished by the endowment of the diocese of Montreal in 1850. In 1852 a Bishop w^as appointed to Sierra Leone. In 1853 the Bishoprics of Grohamstown and Natal v/ero separated from the immense diocese of Capetown. In 1854 the island of Maiiritiu.s was taken from the charge (almost nominal) of the Bishop of Colombo, and erected into a separate diocese. In 1855 the often expressed wish of the founders of the Borneo mission was at length com- plied with, the island of Labuan was erected into a Bishop's^See, and the Bishoj) w^as invested "vrith jurisdiction over the clergy and congregations of the Church of England in Borneo. In 1856 the Bishopric of Christ Church, in the colony of Canterbury, New Zealand, was founded. In 1857 a Bishop was consecrated to the See of Perth, including the colony of West Australia ; and in the same year the diocese of Toronto was subdivided and a Bishop elected to preside over the western portion of it Avith the title of Bishop of Huron. In 1858 the charge of the Bishop of New Zealand was further diminished by the estabhshment of the l^ M WORK IN' THE COLONIES. 13 11 the d Wiis 45 the I, then pric of ■'urther II. In n con- lia v/as e, and into a 11 1849 Land ; I under hop of hed by .852 a loprics iniense ; taken )0, and )resBed 1 com- a's See, clergy In rbury, crated ; and and a th the lop of of the Bishoprics of Wellington in tlic Northern, and Nelson in the Midd]<^ Islands, and in the following year l)y that of Waiapu on the eastern < oast. The vear 1859 also saw the consecration of Bishops for the new colony of British Columhia (Vancouver's Islan(l), for the Island of St. Helena, and for lirishane, or ^Sloreton Bay, now called (^)ueensland, in Australia. In 1801 a new step was taken by the a])pointinent of Bishops without any legal jurisdi(;tion, for the direction, of missions beyond the bounds of the Britisli empire, and Missionary liishops were consecrated for the Zambesi oi* Central African Mission, for Melanesia or the Islands of the Tacilic Ocean, and for Honolulu in the Sandwich Islands. In 18C)2 the Bahama Islands were separated from the See of Jamaica and formed into the diocese of Nassau, and the diocese of Toronto was again diminished by the establishment of the Bishopric of Ontario. In 186.'3 a Missionary lUshop was consecrated for the Orange Iliver P'ree State, South Africa, and the new dincese of Goiilburn waa formed by the subdivision of the Bishopric of Sytlney. In 18G4 a Missionary Bishop for the Niger Mission wa.s consecrat<3d, and in th(3 present year (1805) new Bishoprics will probably be formed in Australia, New Zealand, India, and British Columbia. Thus in less than eighty years as many as forty-seven Bishops of the (Jhurch of .England have been appointed to preside over the spiritual interests of our colonics and dependencies and neighbouring countries. The large increase in that period in the number of clergymen in those parts (now amounting to 1,741, who have already under their pastoral care more than 1,000,000 members of our communion) sufficiently proves how much these nursing flithers were needed by our iiifimt colonial Church ; and, with the blessing of God, we may in future hope for a still larger measure of success in winrung souls to Christ; from their fostering care and superintendence. 14 WORK IN THE COLONIES. CHAriEE TIL THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE GOSPEL IN FOREIGN PARTS, Let us now turn to the histcrj^ of that Society whose exertions have, humanly speaking, been mainly instrumental in bringing about the happy change in the state of our colonies which has been already described. Towards the close of the seventeenth century, many faithful Christians, members of the British Church, being themselves in possession of abundant spiritual j)rivileges, were moved through God's mercy, to cast an eye of compassion upon the lamentable state of religion among their countrymen abroad, to which allusion was made in the preceding chapter. They "spake often to one another " of this state of things j and, as private individuals, made some unavailing attempts to improve it. The zealous Dr. Bray (who was sent to America as commissary of Bishop Compton), on his return to England published infor- mation of a striking character as to the spiritual destitution of the colonies, and made various proposals for relieving it. Stimu- lated by his perseverance and energy, and encouraged by the Convocation of Clergy, several members of the Society for Pro- moting Christian Knowledge, together with the most active Bishops and lay Churchmen of the day, petitioned King Wilham ITL and obtained from him on the 16th June, 1701, a Koyal WORK IN THE COLOXIEB. 15 Charter, constituting tliem a Corporation, with the tithi of the Society for the T^ropagation of tlie (rospel in Foreign Parts, and appealed for subacriptions. Among these, its foundi>r3 and earliest supportc^rs, we find the vonerateer of ire. Good |lergy- iland, which is now under the care of five Bishops and ftftv-four elergy- In IS49 the 8ocietv boLjan to assist tlio T>oi'n«'<> ^lission, now wholly d<'pcn(h'nt on its linuls. A iJishop has been api)ointe'-l, and there are eight other clergy here. l.n the same year tlic* attention of the Society was drawn to the fact, that thuusands of eniigrtmts every year pass four or live months on board ship without any one to ministci" the means of grace amongst them, or even to turn this opportunity to good account Viy enlarging their minds with g emigrants at iS'ew York. The average annual num- ber of emigrants fron tlie United Kingdom, during the last fifty years, has been 100,503, of whom a large proportion have gone to British colonies. At the close of 1 bol: the attention of the whole country was absorbed with the great events and first signal sitccess of the Crimean war, and the >Society resolved to make additional pro- i 18 WOllK IN THE O'OLONfES, vision for the spiriiual instruction and consolation of tlio soldiers. Six-.md -twenty cliaplains were s(?l(3Ct(Ml and in part maintained ]jy the Society for this most urgi'iit and arduous service. In li^oorary places of worship — and in jiid of various other plana for tlio spiritual h'^nelit of 'iiemhcrs of the ("liurch >»f i!np;hHid on the (Continent. In lS().'i th(i Society extended its missionary operations to the .Sandwich Islands, the (^rangt- J*ivcr Ten itory, md ^Madagascar. Thus in all tlie ('xtensi\e colonies and dt'[)end(^neit>s of (rreat lU'itain. tli(3 SocKity has continued to the pr(;st'iit tinii- to build up the ( 'hurch, and to evangelize th<^ heathen, according to the ability given to it. For a hundred years it was the only Society in connexion with our Church established for missionary pur- ])oses, but in the year 1791) the Church Missionary Society was founded, at first more particularly to promote the evangelization of Africa, but its objects ha\e since Ijecome more general. AVe thankfully acknowledge the good which has been, and is still l^eing eff^ :ted by this Society in different parts of the world, where its missionaries fT(.Mpiently labour side by side wi1,h those of the Society for the Propagation of the (rospei. Whilst doing so, however, it seems impossilile to avoid regretting that those good men who estal)lished it, did not rather, sinking all minor differences, endeavour to strengthen the hands and infuse new life and energy into the frame of that Society Avhich had so long been Avorking faithfully, though j>erhaps at times Ian- guidl}'', in the same cause ; — instead of thus building up a new foundation which has, we fear, been regarded (however errone- ously) by many persons not well informed on these points, as a rival to the elder Society, and which could not fail to add to that apparent want of unity among the members of our Church which has too often proved a stumbling-block in the way of weaker brethren, and recent converts to the faith. But, although we may perhaps be allowed thus to express a c 2 11 II 20 Wo UK IX TflE t'OLoNlES. jKis-siiipj ivrrrol thai these thin^H .ir<^ vsn, -wo must yet nnv^or tnr<^'L't tliiit there is <>ri(> who ordon'tli all thini^'s, and who lias douhtloss [xjiinittod iliis npparent divi.sioii toi' some wise pinj)0.so. Mf.'an- whilo our part is (;h^ar--to <;i(^ on woi-kin^' steadily — df»inL( ivIkU- soever otn Imndjitohth to , otnl >fi>ii*(ni"lem:e on, and patient waiting for (Ion's blessing, with steady faithful adherence to the prir)eij)1es of the Ihitish Church, and with dutiful subjection to its rulers, 'I'he 8oeiety has ever been quickened Irom the spiritual life bestowed of (.xor» upon the ('liureh. When, for the abundance of sins, He hid His ta,ce for a season, and faith and prayer waxed, cold in the Church, then dso the hands of tiie Society were enteebied, and its etlbrts met with a scantier measure of success. 8till, through years of spiritual dulness, the Society continued alone, and amidst many discouragements, to urge on the minds of Englishmen the neglected missionary duties of the Church, And when, as of late, a double blessing seems to have rested upon the Society's multiplied labours, this happy change has come in conjunction witli a larger outpouring of the spirit of zeal and supplication upon the (Jhurch, Within IGO years, the sum of about ,S,000,000/. has been de- voted to its objects by the Society. Other labourers have come into the field, and helped to be.ir the burden. The State also has in various ways lent its assistance. Above all, members of the Church abroad have been taught by degrees to value and to main- tain the ministrations of Divine Grace among themseh^es. And the result is, that in the lands which are or have been within the WORK IX Tn* rrvv.N'TF.H. 21 this limits oi ilio Society's Chartor, wK 1G(> year* aj^'o not a (W/ox) clergymor of tiio Church of Hnghui- ' coinlJ li- feund, there are now above '2,{)()(),{Hn) nienibcrs of oi. conimi. .ion, t<> whom ^^(• Word of (lodandtho sacranientH dl winiHt i'(»', Loyd^ not unto n,>i, hut mdo 77/// .\ init i/u'> the pram: for Tlif/ torlnorneo, Australia, Tasmania, ^evv Zealand, Seychelles, Tristan. These countries are now (1851) the seat of twenty-three dioceses. UNITED 5fTATE.«i. 23 of )/. la th id, of CIIAPTEli IV. WORK OF THE SOCIETY IX AMKllK A.- bC'oTlA. •UNITED STATES. — NOVA It uill perliaps be advLsablo to give a somewhat more detailed account ( >f the operations of the .S(x:iety in the dilferent quarter:* of the globe ; and we will therefore commence with America, this vast continent having beeii the first to reeciv*' the benefit of the Society's laljours. It is well known that America was discovered in October. 1492, by Chri^^topher Cohinibiis, and Avithin about a hundred years of that period it became an object of great interest to various "^Airopean states, and the scene of tlie first English attempt at colonization. It is a satisfaction t<> know that in this first attempt, the duty of propagating the Gospel was n(;t entir dy overlooked. Hariot, tSir AValter JJaleigh's muthematical pre- ceptor, accompanied his unsuccessful expedition in 1585, and mav justly be regarded as the first missionary to the New ■\Vorld. Virginia was from the first a Church of England colony, but the other three great provinces were settled by colonists pro- fessed enemies to the Church: Xew England being coljuized by the Puritans, better known as the " Pilgrim Eathers," Mary- ■u WORK IN THE COLONIEIS. liind l.»y Eoman CaihoU(;3, and reiinsylvania by Qualsers. It is therefore no wonder that America presents at this day such a mixture of dili'erent religious bodies. Little or nothing was done in England for many years to remedy this state of confusion. The days of Charhis I, and Cromwell were days of gloom and distress for the Church at home, and slie was unable to do any- thing abroad ; and under Charles IT. followed, it nnist be feared, a time of slothfulness and self-imhdgence. N(.»t a single Church, in communion with the ( 'hurch of England, existed in the whole Xew England settlenieut (containing at least 50,000 souls) within the first seventy years of its history ! At length, however, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel was founded, and these things were gradually amended. Inquiries were made, and missionaries appointed ; but who can estimate the trials of these servants of the L stem the tide of wickedness, to wipe oir this stain from our country's history, and to keep alive amongst her wandering children the fear of their Maker and the knowledge of th-iir liedeemer'? Their lives belong not to L'istory, their works and labours of love, their suiferings and privations are recorded on a more enduring page ; but it may be well for us who live in days of ease aud safety, to dwell for a moment on the example they have left us. xVmongst their immbers was one, Clement Hall, who writes in 1725, that through God's gracious assistance, he had in about seven or eiglit years, thougli fretjuently visited with sickness, been enabled to travel 1-1,000 miles, preach 675 sermons, baptize 6,195 persons, white and black, children and adults, administer- ing the Lord's Supper to two or three hundred, in one journey, besides visiting the sick, &c. And these journeys, be it remem- bered, were full of difficulty and danger, both from the rough UNITED STATES. 25 be a iSS, ize er- im- fgh state of tlie ;:froTn"irl, and from the liabilitv to attac^lvs of the Indians. The celoln'ated JoJui Wesley was also a missionary of the Society for two years in (Te(trgia, and lik(> tin? rest, fre<[iiently " slept on the ground, waded through swa]ii})s, oi- swam over rivers, and tlii^n travelled till his clothes were dry." Sucli were the labonrs of sonic of the eai'ly niissionaT'ies of the Society ; but when the American War of Inde[»endence broke out in 177-'), these fiiithful pastors, seventy-three in number, suifered most severely for their steady attachment to their C/hurch and king ; many of them barely escaping with their lives to England, or to the iroiglibouring provinces of Canada and Xova Scotia, wluch still retained their allegiance to the mother country. The peace of 1783 found the ('luircli in America wasted and almost destroyed. Virginia had 1G4 churches and ninety-one clergymen at the beginning of the war ; at the end of it very many of her churches were in ruins (some of which remain to this day*), and of her ninety-one clergymen only twenty-eight remained. Yet out of this very scene of death came life, and the Church of America was now, by (,Tod's mercy, to arise out of her misery in stronger, freer action than ever. The same stroke which had severed the colonies from England, had set the Church also free to obtain for herself at last that gift of the episcopate which had been so long denied to her earnest and passionate longings. As soon as the peace was made, Dr. Samuel Seabury, one of the Society's missionaries, being elected lUshop by the clergy of Connecticut, WTiit to England for consecration, which he at length obtained from the Bishojts of the Church of Scotland, on the 14th iS'ovember, 1784. Three years afterwards, Eishop White, of Pennsylvania, and Bishop Provoost, of New York, were * Vide GoHpcl Misdonary, Vol. iv p. 109. 26 WORK IX THE COLONIES. coiisecratod in Lam])'jth Chapel, on tlio 4th February, 1787, and the lUshop of Virginia was also consecrated in England the fol- lowing y(.'ar. By these four liishopn others were duly consecrated as occasion called for it, and now bishoi)rics were created, until their number has now increased to thirty-six, the nuuiber of clergy being as we have before mentioned, more than 1,800 ; and the rapid pro- gress of th(^ C'hurcli may be gathered from the fact, that in eight ' States of the Union (viz. Oeorgia, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, Florida, Michigan, Missouri, and Arkansas) where only twenty years ago there was but oxe Bishop (Georgia) and twenty-three clergy, there are now twelve Bishops and 22r> clergy. It is true the population lias nearly doubled in that time, but the number of clergy has increased tenfold. The best 2)roof, however, of real progress is shown in the growth of that which is the true life of a Church — a missionary spirit. The American Missionary Society was founded in 1820, for the twofold olyects of maintaining Christian truth among the many thousands of the outlying population in the far West, who are beyond the reach of the regular ministrations of tlie ('hurch, and the spread of it among the heathen. In 1833 the contribu- tions to this Society amounted to 12,('00^. and there are now four Missionary Bishops. The following table of the Dioceses into which the United States are divided, witli the date of their erection, and the name of the present occupant of each see, may perhaps be interesting : — y. 7 J ■".i*i.ii» iiiiiiii|iiii UNITED STATES. ,27 Dioceses. C()Hiic'''ti(.ut , Pennsylvania New York . . V'ir^'iiiia . . Maryhiinl 8<>iitli ('aroliiia Miissacliusetts New Jersey Ohio. . . . Nortli Carolina Vernioiit . . Kentui'ky . . Tennessee . . Illinois WiseoTisin Mielii>;.in . . TiOnisiana . . , . Western New York I Georgia . . Delaware . . Maine . New IL'unpshire Ala1»rtina . Missonri . . Arkansas . . Indiana . . Mississippi . Florida . . . California . . Jowa . . . Rhodt> Island . Texas . . . Nebraska . , Minnesota Anioy, China Liberia, Africa Oregon . , . Dal.' of F^reetion. 1784 17S7 ISt)'.! 17S7 1790 1 7;)l> 17 •.•'5 1707 isir> 1.^19 ]S;-.9 1 s:i'2 IS',2 ISSt \ s:i;-. Lv^f) 18:U) is;{S is:!9 ]S (As^i.^tmit) Aloii/,(. Totter, l> l> . . W. IJ. Stephens, D.D (.ls.s;V/!«)(0 Horatio Potter, D.I). John Johns, DD. (C()adJutor) . W. Rol>in.son Whittiii^'ham, l)..l). Thomas F Davies, L). I) . . M Eastbnrn, D.D. . . W. H. Oth'nheinier, D D . . C. Pettit Mrllvaine, D.D. G. T. Bedell, D.D. {A^^lstnuf) . Tliomas Atkinson, i>. D John Iknirv llo])kiiis, D.D. B. Boswnrth Smith, D.D. . . L.D 11. J. Wliitele,u.,e, D.D. . . . Ja' ksoii Kt iiijx'r Samuel Allen MeCoskry, D.D . W. Heathcote De Laneev D.D. .\. <*. Coxe, D D. (AssUiaid) . Stei^hen Elliott. D.D Alfred Lee, D.D (Jeor.ue IJmj^'ess, D.D. Carlton Cha.se, D. I> H. H Wilm.r, D.D. . . . Cicei'o Stephi'H.s Hawks, D D. . H. C. Lav, D.D George Uj.fold, D.D W. M. Green, D.D F. H RiiMrdgo, D.D Inj^rahaiii Kip, D.D . . . , H. \V L.-e, D.D T. Clark, D D. , MISSIONARY BISHOPS, 1844 1851 1854 John Pavne, D.D. Horatio Sonth;,^•lte, D.D. Thi'mas Si.'ott. D.D. . j Date ,)f Cunseera- I tion 1819 1851 1845 lSli2 J 854 1842 1S4() 185.S 1842 1859 1832 1 859 IS.^S i8;i2 1882 1851 18:{o 183<) 1839 18ri5 1841 1841 1847 1844 1802 1.S44 1859 1849 1850 1851 1851 1854 1855 1851 1844 1854 Such tlien is the Church of America, and so great has been the blessing vouchsafed upon the first work of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, whose labours of love in •.•V.^-.-^.Ai.h ^^ 28 WOriK IN' THE COLONIES. bygoiio yojirs were acknowledged as with one voice by the whole Ix'ncl) of American hish(»|)H in their flubilee letters to the Society in 1851, and by the whole body of the Church in its Jubilee commemorations. The Church stands now in America as she does in England or in her colonies, a witness for the pure truth of God's Word, against the divisions of tlio multi- tudinous sects on the one hand, and the corrui)tion of Jiome, on the other. '' rnconnected with the State, she confin(;s herself to her own calling. She has no ambition but to perform her allotted task, and no object but the; glorious one of being a worthy servant of her Lord and Master." NOVA SCOTIA. Novix Scotia was discov red by the Cabots under our Henry VII. m 1497, but was lirst regularly settked in IGO-t by French colonists, by whom (with the neighbouring territory of New Brunswick) ii was called Acadia. It was surrendered to England by the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 j but the population at that time, about 20,000 in number, being, with the exception of an English garrison at Annapolis, entirely composed of French ivoman (Jatholics, well supplied with priests under the Eoman Catholic Bishop of Quebec, no English missionaries were sent until the year 1749. In that year, although the Society's funds amounted to only 1,800/. altogether, and they already supported seventy mis- sionaries in other quarters, the Rev. W. Tutty was sent out (with the assistance of Government), and after ministering for a timci in the open air, preached his first sermon in the first English church in JN"ova Scotia,— St. Paul's, Halifax, — on Sep- tember 2d, 1750. NOVA SCOTIA. 00 In 17-')"; iliis t'ountry was iho scene of tliat niont paiulnl event, the exjnilsiun of the Acadiaiia, oi nativo Kioik li iiili;il)iinnts. These h.'ninle.ss people, who usually led llu^ most sini]>le and primitive lives, ehii^ily 0(5cupied in agrieiiltuval pursuits, heinj." suspected of favoin-iuL^Mlieir old masters, the I*'reni;li, at that time engaged in active warfare with the I'aifilisli in ( 'iinada, were collected, and to the nund^er of 7,000 in fdl, forcibly dis])ors('d to the difierent jjritish colonies. Familii's weru tlius suddenly separated, and the dearest ties rent asunder, as is so louehingly depicted in the Anu^rican poet Longltdlow's liuautiful story of Evangeline ; and although the pooi exiles petitioned King (Jeorge TIL for r(}dress and relief, their prayer was unheeded, and a page of shame and. sorrow is written indelibly in our country's history for all coneernt^i in this miseralde trans action. The islands of ('ape Breton and St. John (now ealled ]*rincG Edward's Island) which form a part of tin; present dioct^se of Nova Scotia, were yielded to the i'nglish in IToS. Other niissionai-ies were sent t<^ this colonv from time to time, and suflered much from the severity^ of the climate, the arduous nature of their dutii'.s, and even from scarcity of provisions, particularly when refugees from the war in the United States hegan to pour in, winch they did in great numbers, as many as 30,000 having arrived hy the end of 1783. The want of spiritual instruction for tliese was greatly felt, hut the Society was able to transfV-r hither many of the missionaries who had been compelled to leave America, and at length one of these. Dr. Charles Inglis, from New York, was consecrated ihshop of Nova Scotia, on August 12th, 1787. The diocese of Nova Scotia comprisu-d at first the whole of the British possessions in North America — an enormous extent 30 WOKlv IN TITE rOTOXIEfl. of oouTitry, tliourrh at that time but thinly peophxl Tt has been since subdivi(UHl into ei;iht dioceses, as follows : — N'ovfi Scotia (17.S7) ( Tx' w 4 ■ • Nova So Nova Scotia P"^''*^''"''''' I Fn-l.Tic (N.'wfumi(.\' nuroii (I8;')7). (Toronto for Wrst Canada (l^'!'),o„tan.' (iscl'). So that, including Eupert's Land and Columbia, tlier(3 are now ten I*isliops of our Church and 540 cler.'^y in those parts; Avli(;reii,s, at tlio time of the peace in I 78.">, there was not a single BisJiop, and only eleven clergy in the whole of JJritish North America. 'Hie Society may justly lay claim with thank- fulness to this, as almost entirely the result of God's merciful blessing on its labours. In 1788 the Bishop, in his first Visitation tour, travelled 700 miles, and confirmed above 500 persons of all ages, preaching the Word of Life, and setting the affairs of the ('hurch in order wherever he went. ICing's College, at Windsor, founded by George ITL in 1770, was a special object of his care , and hero, in 1809, the Society founded four Divinity Studentships, Avhich were afterwards increased to twel\^o, and twelve ex- hibitions of the same amount Avere granted by it to deserving youths of the Windsor (Grammar School. For many years the English Government allowed 1,000/, a y(3ar to this ( -ollege, the well-spring of loyalty as w^ell as of sound religion for the wdiole province. In 1810 the Bishop died ; and was succeeded bj^ Dr. Stanser, the Society's missionary at Halifax, whose health was so bad that after trying vainly to restore it in England, he resigned the vsee in 1824 j and Dr. John Inglis, son of the first Bishop, who had acted for several years as commissary, was consecrated third Bishop of Nova Scotia. ■x^!r\:v::Vvr'- •-Tl'T»-r''T' NOVA SCH^TIA. rn the 5er, )ad the j\io lird In 183.*^ <^ieat distroKS wa«^ oxpo.ricncod h} tlu' inlssioiiaries in tliis cliocese, in consiH[U<'n(:f' <>f' tlic ro(luctii)n uf their nlrrady scanty income. This 3tc]) was jonih'viMl noce.*isiuy hy thi*, with(ha\vai ol" the assistance hitherto rendered hy lh(^ State for th LAisting missionaries; but the su})port of iinssions in tliese provinces tor the future was thus east entirely either upon the settlers themselves, or upon tlie already exhausted means of tlie Society. In 1.^37 the Bisliop established in Halifax a I'iocesan Church Society, eml>racing all the objects of our different home Societies, not excepting that of Missions to tlie Heathen, the sums raised for whicli purpose were to be forwardeil to the Society for the Propagation of the OospcL In 184C) tliis Society sent forth two travelling missionaries along the east and west shoi'cs of Nova Scotia. Amidst the deep regrets of his people, iJisiiop Jngiis died October 27th, l^t'iO, in the seventy- third year of his age, the fiftieth oi his ministry, and the twenty-fifth of his epis- copacy. The Kev. Hibbert Binney was consecrated to the vacant bishopric on the 25th of March, 1851. In 1854 the necessity felt by mend>ers of our Ciuirch (in common with Christians of every denomination) for synodical meetings to regidate tlieir own atiairs and to confer together on the important interests of the Church, intbiced the Jhshop to summon an assembly of the Clergy of iiis iliocese, and of the representatives of tlie Laity chosen. W election in each district forming a cure of souls. This assenildy was held at Halifax, ',V1 WoUi; [N Till' ('OT,'>Mi:S. al'Lor llio \isiuitioii in Ociob.'r, jitkI iintwilhstaiidiiig soiiio .slight opposition, has .since ni('r;4('(l iiiiu a regular Diocesan Synoil, ljely the voluntary contributions of its own jx'ople. A noMe scheme was ])roJected for raising an Knditwinent Fund to the amount of 4 U,0( •<)/.; and, after havrjig been delayed for a time by tlie distress occasioned by the faibu'e of the lisheries in 1852, and tlie two or three following years, and the suspension of the ordinary trade of the colony in conse<]uence '^f the de- })lorablo civd war in America, in l.*^()- a sutlicient sum (about 20,d00/.) was raised to enable the Society to meet the etforts of the colony ])y a grant of 1,000/. for this jmrpose. The diocese now consists of the province of ?sova Scotia, n.nd the two large adjoining islands of Cape I>i'eton and I 'mice Fdward, with the islets on theti' coasts. It is very nearl}'" as hxrge as Sc()thunl, containing altogether 22,4'i5 square miles, and its population is 347.013, comprising j)ersonsof English, Scotch, Irish, -French, and (^MTnan (U'.scent, Avith a few hundr(ids of Mic-mac Indians, and some thousands of another coloured race, the descendants of runaway slaves from the United States. Kova Scotia may be regarded as the great mining district of the Xcw World, and tliough small, is a very important colony from its vast coai-tields, magnificent harbours (unequalled, perhaps, for number, si/:e, au'l safety, m the whole woiid), and most abundant fisheries. A great deal of the count/ry is still ^^^■^^•-••#"'^ ?l / >'• I NOVA 8C0TIA. 33 covered ^vit]l ]>riincval forests, niul in othov parts ap[tl<'-oroli.'ir(ls line tlie roadaido lor tliirty iniles togothor, apples aiul cydrT hcing exported t'xtonsi\L>ly. iJut the ehirf trallic is in (cals. Some gold mines jiave reeontly (l^^^ll) Ix-cn discovered niir<,% jjocs on to say, 'Hlu! whole country alK)iinds in excellent land an J I ri ii "fc"' •»n~l ■-' W i*»* gr i » i 34 WORK IN TTTF COLONIES, stations) by the first Sunday in ilio month. Accordingly, on Saturday, tlie 5th, I Siaited from Albany for tlie above-named place, a distance of thirty mih'S. It >vas a clear (^old day (the thermometer about 10"' l)elMW zero) and for the lirst few miles I made good progress, but after that found only a single track on the road. About 10 a.m. I reached the first stopping- pi ace. On going into the house the landlarly said ' AVhy, the side of ynur face is frozen !' and, without more ado, procured a large handful of snow and began rublnng tht i)art aftected. At this hous(> the track ceased altogether, and 1 Jiad to go nearly tiftecin miles over a vast barren l)eforc 1 could exftect to reach another dwelling. In many places the snow was over four feet deep, and to get through th(! drifts 1 had several times to unharness the horse to keep him from suffocating. I had only certain landmarks to go by, for the road could not be distinguished from the surrounding plain. About 2 p.xM. I judged myself nearly at Brookfield ; but to my surprise came to a tree indicating that I was hardly half w;iy. My liorse here exhil)ited signs of fatigue, and everything depended on him, for to walk in such a deej) snow was impossible. For another weary mile he went on plunging and staggering in the snow, wlien I came to an immense hemlock-tree Avliich had fallen directly across the natural ravine and effectually barred farther i)rogress. Luckily I had an axe in the sleigh, but my hands were too numb even to hold it, and I was beginning well nigh to despair when I remembered that about a quarter of a mile back I had passed an old camp. Leaving the horse before the tree I succeeded in reaching it, found there a pile of dry bark, which 1 kindled with some matches I discovered in my pocket, and ere long a merry l>laze cheered my drooping spirits. As soon as I was 'sufficiently thawed I returned to the horse, and at length succeeded in clearing a passage through the immense trunk of the tree. It was quite dark before I reached my destined NOVA SCOTIA. 35 shelti^r, wher«3 a gr»od fire and supper made nie remember my past fatiguociety. All these have been discontinued, except a precarious annual allowance from the Society, foi' the maintenance of six divinity students ; and the resources of the College, once superabundant, 38 WORK IN THE OOLONTES. were for sev of (^'uebec was founded. These f\icts show a zeal f(U' the }>ro]»agation of th«' faith which may well shame the indifference and neglect of oui own government and people. The war which broke out between the French and English in 1759 was terminated by the captur»j of Quebec, under General Wolfe, and at the treaty of ])eace in 17(53, Canada was ceded to the English, The town.s of Quebec and Montreal contained <»^>^ih-fc».h*».»wi 40 WOIIK IN THE COLONIES. at tliat; tiiiio 14,700 inhabitants^, of which ninotoen families werc^ Protestant ; the reniaiinlor cf tlie province was divided into 110 parishes, containing 54,575 ( -hristian souls. The tirst English clergyman who otliciated in (^)uel)ec was the T\ev. Mr. iJrooke, who is sujtposed to have arrived directly after the conquest ; but little is known of him except the fact that his wife was the authoress of the novel calked •' Emily Mon- tague," the scene of whicli is laid in Canada. Three othei clergymen, of Swiss extraction, were afterwards apj^ointed by goverinnent to mini:ster here. The first mission of the Society for the Propagation of the Oospel vras established in 1784, at Sorel on the river fJichelieu (now in the dioci^.se of Montreal), which contained about seventy Protestant families ; and here the first Englisl} church was erected. In 1789 the Bishop of Kova Scotia called tlie Canadian Clergy to the first Visitation held by a Bishop of our Church in Canada. In 1793 Canada was erected into a separate diocese, and Dr. Jacob Mountain, Prebendary of Lincoln, was consecrated Bishop of Quebec, at Lambeth, on the 7th July. At this time there was neither church nor parsonage at (^)uebec, and in the whole province of Lower Canada only six clergymen, whilst the total number in Up]ier Canada (Tortuito) was three, and of these nine, live were niissionar'es of the Society, and the remaining four were maintained by government. In. 1794 Bishop Mountain made his first Visitation, and held (Confirmations along a line of country extending from Quebec to Lake Erie, 800 miles, and in another direction to (Jaspe, 450 more. In 1802 tlip Bisho|», unable to meet with a sufficient number of properly (qualified clergymen from England, selected for ordination such young men of good promise as he might find in the diocese. The cathedral of Quebec was built in 1804, by King George III., and the Bishop introduced the choral 1 i QURREC. 41 lold nee :.50 lent Ited p4, ral service, and iiu]K»rted from England the first organ ever heard in Canada. I'.isho]) Mountain died at (jUieh^c, on tl»e With of June, 18!2r), in the sevonty-liilh year of his age, and tlio tliirty- second ol" his episcopate. At the time of liis (h^ath there were from tn'cnty to twenty- five elinrch<'S in each province, and twelve more luul hmm com- menced. The number of ciergymen in the two i)r()vinces was fifty-three, forty-eight of whom were missionaries of tlie Society. Besides these there were two milit;iry chaphiins, and one visit- ing missi( Mary, — tlie devoted Charles Stewart, who eighteen yeav Ijeiu liad h^.ft behj"' ium all th»s manif<»M advantages of his lot in England, — aristtjcratic connexions (he was a younger son of the seventh Earl of Galloway) and independent means, in order to give himself up to the self-denyhig labours of a missionary amid a rude and untaught peo])le. Tiie Mission of St. Armand \vas for many years tlie scene of this rare instance of self-devotion ; afterwards he was, as we jiavt^ isho[t, Dr. FulfV»rd, and resumed that of his predecessors, the Bish(»ps of (^>U(ybec. At the close of 1854 the alienation of the ( 'lerc^y lieservcs of ('anada (of which more full particulars will be given in the account of Toronto) threw consideraljh- gloom <»ver the [)ros]tects of this diocese. About the same time the Society was compelled, by reason of pressing claims (4sewhere, to commence the gradual withdrawal of the assistance which it had so largely and for so long a time allbrded, and great elforts were made to [)rovide trom local sources for the wants ot the Church in ^^^)uebec. On the Gth of flaniiary, 1803, the venerable and beloved Bishop Mountain, who for a period of twenty-seven years had presided over the diocese, and during the early portion of his episcopate over the whole province, uf (.'aiiada, was called to his rest, full of years and honours. I^ever was there a Bisliop of a more saintly lifoj of a gentler spirit, or more self-denying habits, and he bore with him to the grave tlie •esteem, the affection, and tho regret of all members of the community. The Kev. — - . ^ - 44 WOIIK IN THE COLONTEH, J. W. AVilliams, rrofcssor of Bishop's Collcpjo, Lomioxvillc, wns duly olectod by the SyiKxl to tliis iinpoitiuit see, and on the 19th of Jimo was (.'ousecrated at (i^uflioc by thu JJishoj> of Montreal as Meti'opohtan, as.sist<'f his early letters, "such occurrences as, that a clcTgyman upon a circuit of duty, has oasst-d (fvdvc nights in the open ;ur, six in l.)oats upon the water, and .six in tlie de])ths of the trackless forest with Indian guides ; and a Deacon has performed journeys of 129 miles in the midst of winter ui)on snow shoes. 1 could tell how some of these po^tr ill paid servants of the (.lospel have been worn down in strength before their time at remote and laljorious stations. 1 couM give many a history of persevering travels in the ordinary e.xercise of ministerial duty, in defiance of di(Hc:ulties and accid(mts, through, woods and roads almost imi>racticable, and in all the severities of weather ; oi- of rivers traversed amid masses of tloiiting ice, when the experienced canoe-men would not have proceeded without being urged. 1 have known one minister sleep ail night abroad, when there was snow upon the ground. 1 have known others answd' calls to a sick-bed at the distance of fifteen or twenty miles m the wintry woods ; and others who have travelled all night to keep a Sunday ap])ointment after a call of this nature on the Saturday. These are things which have been done by the clergy of Lower Canada, and in almost every single instance which has here been given, by missionaries of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel." Of the services rendered to his diocese by the Society itself 40 Work in the colonikS. the same (IcvoUmI liisliop nuidc. u giutctul .icknovvltMlgiiiont in these word.^, with whieh the account of (^Jiielu-e may )»e not inap})ropriately eonclnded : — " I am also JimI ti» rt'llect more and more every day upon the incrileiiiabk blessings which by the providence of (lod, hav<^ hwn procured to the Protestant in- habitants of tliese colonies by means of the 8i»('iety's operations ; and if th(?rc be persons in j'^nj^land wlio hold back their lianda from the support of tiic Society, under tlie idea that it is not an effectual instrument in promoting tlu^ cause of thresent vo >era})le liishop of 'JVn.nto. In 1810 a J>il)le and Prayer-book Society was esiabiished at Toronto, for the more especial benefit of the many thousand British in the wilderness, beyond the reaeb of the I'egulnr ministrations of the Church. in 1820 liishop Mountain deb'vered his last charge to the clergy of the province assembled at Toronto : and when he died, in 1825, their numbers had increased to twenty-six. His successor, Dr. Sto^'.^rt, as visiting missionary had made himself well acquainted with most of the different mission stations. In his visitations to this part of his imnuaise diocese in the years 1826 riid 1827, he confirmed altogether 783 per- sons : and on his return to Toronto in tlie latter year lie admitted three clergymen to the order of priests, and collated the Hey. G. 0. fStuart to tlie Archdeaconry of Kingston, and the Ilev. Dr. Strachan to that of York (Toronto), 48 WORK IN TUK COLONIES. In 1S30 tilt- "Society for Converting and Civili/ing the Indians of Upper Canada" wa^ formed, and soon afterwards enlarged so as to comprise the case of the emigrants from Europe also. In 1833 the Cajiairitual necessities, and in 1839 he was relieved ot tliC charge of the Up]»er Province by the con- secration of 1 >r. Strachan as first Uisjiop of Toronto on the 7th August in that year. At this time the numb'-r of mcndjers of the Church of England was estimated at lOOjOoo, under the pastoral care, of seventy-three clergymen ; and the number of churches they possessed was about ninety. In 1842 th(^ ])iocesan Church Society was founded (according to the terms of its charter) for the support of missionaries, the education of the jkxu', the assistance of theological students, the circulation of tlie Dibh) and Prayer-book, and the erection and endowment of churches, etc. This Society has alre;idy be<*n enabled to d<.) much good througliout the diocese, and in the year 18ol its income amounted to 4,517/. The Diocesan Theologu-al (jjllege at Coburg, was oi:)'^ned in 1842 for the training arul education of candidates for holy orders. Ten exlnbitions of the annual value of 4U/. were gra-.ited by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and four by the Diocesan Church Society. This institution is now in- corporated in iTinity College. In 1843 tlie University oC King's College was. opened at Toronto, and continned for six years to increase in puljlic esti- if I tlie wards iirope Xova le by fixed ;o ilie ^39 Le LO con- lie 7th bers of er the iber of ording )<, the :rf, the II and been in the -^ ip-^ned holy [iv.'.ited I four jw in- led at lie esti- *^ wlmf^fit0tifi^ i * -t ' > ■i i ^ * ' " j Y ! 1 TORONTO. 49 mation and usefulness, till it numbered as many as a hundred students. IJuf in jsH) an x\ct juis-sed the Colonial Legislature, by which all leliLjioiid instruction was excluded from the Uni- versity, all religious observances virtually abolished, ami the faculty of Theology suppressed. Notwitlistan)ilee F'uid 1,000/. as an endowment of scholarships foi- j)()or students who shall afterwards become missionaries. An enKravincr of the budding, with a full account, was published in the Society's (,^)uarteriy Paper for duly, 1852. The Clergy Reserves of Canada (of which so much has been heard of late years) were lands set ai)art in the province, by an Act of Parliam(ait passed in 1701, ''for the maintenance and support of a I*rotestant Clergy;" and wer(i always considered by members of the Church in Canada to have l)een designed by the jnety of George III. as an endownu^nt for the ministers of their own communion. At first these lands were mere waste tracts (d' snow and forest; but as soon as they became at all valuable, other claimants arose, and after several years' agita- tion on the sul)ject, the Legislatur<.' in 1840 divid(Ml the property in certain |)ortions between the Churches of England and Scot- land, leaving a considerable remainder to Ix) dispov^'d of among £ 50 WOTIK IN TTIE COLONIEB. the various I'rotestant h*ects, at tlio discrotion uf the Governor in Council. In this .settlemont tlio Clmrch ncqniosced for tlni 3tik(3 of poaco, and because it was con.sidcrrd a rictilement once for all. In 1850, however, an attempt was nuule to repeal this Act, former discu.ssions were r(;vivefl ; and in T>eeemher, 1H54, another Act passed the (Jolonial Legislature, by which this pro- perty was entirely alienated from lh(i sacred pur])oses to which it liad l)een liithert-j deA'oted, and applied to th(^ promotion of educatirui, and other .secular objects. Tlui life interests of the existing clergy it was enacted should he secured, and tlui (.'ana- dian clergy, with one consent, have di^termined to look beyontl their own. temporary intf^'csts to the permanent weHare of the Church. Instead, therefore, of resting satisfied wu'th the security of their own incomes, they bravely deterniimHl to <;!omnjuto the aggregate of their lif^ interests loi' a capital fund, which should be invested for the permanent endowment of the Church. (.Treat exertions were made for r.his object, and in answer to an urgent a[tpeal from the I'.ishrtp, the Society promised in aid of the commutation, the following payments for three years ^ that is to say, for the year 185(), 3,000/. ; for 1857, 2,500/. j and for 1858, 2,000/. ; after which all liabilities for the Diocese oi Toronto were to cease, 'i'he gradual withdrawal of the Society' ,s support was rendered necessary by the increasing claims from new tlioceses, and the serious diminution of income which was anticipated from the refusal of th*? (j>ueen's letter. In 1857 the diocese, de|)rivj)lied their new freedom was the election of a Bishop to preside over a subdivision of their diocese, comprehending the western districts, •)V:,!\^1 .'■-&'J!!:!:' tl''t! TORONTO. 51 for whir'l) ail n.^ III.' nanus (Ui iho nussiouary list of this ilioceso woiv nnluceMl from JOd to H. Tin' SoL'i^^ty having made a final gift of 9,000/. to -lid tlic irrcat ondownu'nt schoint, was from this time relicvfd from th<» largo annual |>a)ments which it had for many years eontiibutevl towards tiie su]ij)ort of the elergy of Western Canada. In ISO I a farther subdivision of the diocc'sc took ))laee, and the eastern districts were formed into thv Lishoprie of Ontario. The. diocese of Toronto, ln-fore the formation of th«i sees oi Huron anil Ontario, was 100,000 s«piare miles in extent (vjm- siderably larger tlian Great T»ritain and Ireland) , its present size is not exactly known. T1h>- present [)opulation of the diocese is 54fd>i)l), of whom 131,<_»S0 profess to be mcm))ers of the (l)ur the native Indians on liiikti Huron. And most thankful is the Society to km^w that so rapidly has th(3 diocese grown in wealth and pros])erity that it no longer needs the help which w^as freely i^endered during the earlier period of the settlement. Kot only are the ch.Tgy of Toronto no longer assisted by the Society, but few comparatively of them are now trained in England. The Church, theieforr, which is already independent, is fast becoming indig'-nous, and a large number of the clergy arc educated at Trinity College, Toronto, wdiich was founded mainly by the exertions of the l>isho[), and is authorized to confer degrees. Within the first ten years of its existence no fewer than forty-seven of its student.'-., were ordained. £ 2 mtimm,»l.lii-Mlfil,ieiitlH!i - t Ui $ r i i I mii i i . ^ . -. .._' .,^..U N4 62 WORK IN THE COLONIES. How mncli the Society has dune for this coiintiy was fully ac- knowledged by tlie exceUeiit T.i. shop when he observed, "Seventy year-s ago tlio Society found Canada a wihlerncsH ; it is now a ]»ro8perous and f»n'tile region, .sprinkled throughout with con- gregations, churches, and cleigynien, fost'^red by her ince-ssant care, and carrying the bleshingsof the Gospel acrass this immense continent to millions yet unborn. " Judging, therefore, by the fruits it would appear that the seed which was sown iii the early days of th(3 Colony, f(.'l] upon good ground, and the Society has been enabled conlidently to commit the ingathering of the harvest to native husbandmen, whilst its own laboui-s are transferred to other lields until such time as they, too, may be able to dispense with its assistance. MONTREAL. The present diocese of Montreal, like Toronto, has been so long and so ch)sely connected witii that of <\)nebec that it will be unnecessary to dwell at any length uiDon its past history. The Society's connexion with it coiiiinen* e«.l, as we havo already seen, at a very early period ; the mission of Sorel, the tirst established in all Canada, being in this diocese. This was in the year 1784, and since that time Montreal, like the othe^r Canadian dioceses, has owed much to the fustering caro of the Society. The numl)er of clergymen and churches gradually increased until the year 1<^50, when the immense see (»f Quebec was divided, and Montreal erected into a separate di<»cese. Tho Rev. Francis Fulford, YkD. Incumbent of L'urzon Chapel, London, was appointed Bishop, and consecrated on St. James's day (July 25th), in AVestminster Abbey. In 1853 the Bishop availed himself of the powers given to MOXTUEAL. r>3 liavo , the was .used was Tho him in liis li^ttois patfnt to appoint and m.sial a l)oan nnd C']ia])tci\ tho tir.^t orf^miij^ation of a cathrdml body on th<' con- tinent ni' >,'(irth ^\niened foi service. In the cour^^e <',{' his visit to (-anad.i in l?>0O, the Prince of Wale attcudr'd j/jvine service here on the 'JOth of August, and afterwards ])re8ented a very handsome folio Ihble to the ("athedial in nieniory of tie circumstance, with an in- scription in his own haii' I writing to that eifect. In 1850 a Diocesai) Svnod was forma) Iv organized. In 18G0 the I>ishop of Montreal was appointed Metropolitan of the Cliiirch of I'ngland in Canada. In 1864 the Society granted I,()ti(i/. towards the Endowment Fund in this diocese, ^vhi(•h has just fuliilled the Society's con- dition of raising not less than .5,()()0/. to meet it. The diocese of ^b)ntr<.Ml is 50, 2r)8 square miles in extent, somewhat larger than England; but the gross population amounts only to 472,405 : of these 385,787 are Koman Catholics, princi- pally of French origin. The memhers of the Church of England are returned in the census of 1801 as being 35,1 7t), hut a much larger number occasionally attend her ministrations. The number of communicants, according to the last returns, was 3,1312 : the scholars in. the Sunday schools were 2,920. The present stat(^ of the diocese may ho best, gathered from the following extracts frr>m th(i TUshop's addresses to the Diocesan Synods of 1802 and 18(;3. '' In 1850, when Montreal was first formed into a separate (liocese, there were lorty-nine clergymc and one licensed catechist otliciating here. We have now sixty 54 WORK IN THE COLONIES. five clergy nie!i and five liconsed cateehi.sts ; ami whereas there were in 18r)0 only >f fifty wlio wtue tjot receiving some eonsiihTable part of their income from Knf^dand, there are noM^ tliirty live out of si-venty wh(» art' wholly supported from funds rnised in r'annda, while most of the others reeeive eon- sideriildt' ])ortions of their s:ilaries from th(^ some source." The Society c()]jtri])iites towards th(.' maintenance of twenty-six mis- sionaries, and the anm^al sum oxjx'nded l>y it in th'^ diocese has been now reduced to 2,0 '20/. '* We liave rn^w sixty-four consecrated churches, thirteen others in use, "it for various reasons not yet consecrated, makin;.^ seventy-seven ; and live still in course of erection. Thirty of the above churches have ])een coinecrated since IrtTiO. Tliere are tliirty-six [)arsonago houses, of which nineteen liave been built ur [)urchased since 1850, and two others are in course of erection." On the occasion of the alienation of the CTergy Keserves, the clergy of Montreal, like their brethrc^n in Toronto, consented to a comnnitation of their life interests, and so some portion of that |)roj)erty, though altogether inadi^quate to the urgent netds of the ('liurch, is ])re- served os a permanent endowment. For the rest, the diocese must depend mainly upon its own independent resources. A separate Diocesan (Tiurch Society fi'om tlrat in Quebec has been organized, and is now in active ojieration , and the general funds raised for ail (Tiurch pur^joses during the year 1862 amounted to nearly 11,000^. The (litj (>f JMontreal was founded in 16 40 on the site of an Indian city called llochelaga, whicTi had been visited by Jacques Cartier in 1535, and named by him Mont Royal from the mountain adjoining it. It is now^ a j)lace of considerable importance ; and amongst the public buihlings are a Eoman Catholic cathedral, convent, and other reiigiouF institutions, two hosi>itals, and a college^ Tlni Knglish cathedral ha& been already niiiox. »'0 montioiu'fl. Of tliifl city the T)}h1io|» says: '^'lio Cliurrli of Kiigliirid pKpiil.'itiori at the census of l^^lU uas onlv 10,072 out of i) 1,001) ; a luro;e increas^e, lio\rov(M\ ov(.'r tlu.' ivtunKs of tho pivviou55 C'onsiis. J)iinng tliat inU'rval tlio caflK'dral ane- lieve, however, tliat by God's blessing, whetlu-r we look at the condition and service of imlividual churches, or at the gradual organization of our government and discipline, through the operation of our diocesan and provincial synods, that tlie Canadian brancli of the Church is becoming naturalized in this diocese, and taking a sure root in the soil. 1 ho])e that with the progress thus made, it is also really advamnng tlu' work of the Gospel, and promoting the glory of God, and the salvation of souls." HFRON. It has been already stated that in the year 1857 the immense diocese of Toronto was subdivideil, and the western districts were formed into the se]»arate di(^cese of Huron. The appoint- ment of the Rev. Benjamin Cronyn, rector of London, West Canada (the future catlieishop, was attended with circumstances of unusual interest. It was the first instance in which, in the words of an inteiesting article in the Colonkil Ch/arcli Chronicle (vol. xi. p. 321), "a Bishop of our (Jhurch was elected by the free suffrages of tlie clerg>^ and aity of the diocese to which he belongs. The principle of elec- ll 5G WORK IN THE ror.oxiES. tion from below insti.'nd of noiniiintion from abovo, of election by Chin'chiiion, clcM'ical iind lay, ihsU'jkI of Domination l)y an ofruer of State, li.'is been establislunl. \\'«^ rc;^anl tliiH as the most im- portant stop in ♦ho omvard proirrcss of tlio (1)urch whioli has been mado for years ; wo regard it as an era in our ecclesiasiical IiiMory." The Society d<^torminedto<^Tant an annnal snm of 400^. toward the su])j»ort of at least tivo missionaries in the newly-formed settlemejits. In 1858 the l5islvo[) made Ida first visitation of all tlie settled ])arts of the diocef^.c^ coniirming over 1, /»()() candidates, and travellinf:^ above 2,200 ndles. A separate Chiiroh Hocieiy from that of Toronto was formed. In 18G0, the Society f^'anted an additional sum of 400^. h year toAA'ards the maintenance of clergymen in the (»utlying i>arts of the diocese. Eight missionaries were thus in part supported ; and the total number of the Society's missionaries became in the following year twenty, one of whom is employed for the religious iusiniction of the Indians on Wal])ole Island. The diocese of Huron contains a population of 47ii,0()0 scat- tered over an area as large as or probably a little larger than Ireland. ( if this large nunil>er about 1»3,0(I0 are ( hurch jn'ople, and there are now ^^0 clergymen (31 of whom are njissionarif?s of the Society) and ^J'2 churcln^s. In the year I8i>3 the Society expended 1,280/, in this diocese. The llourishing city of Lon- don is tlie jmncipal or cathedral city of the diocese : it is situated on the river Thames, about 120 miles southward of Toronto, and occu])ies nearly a central position in the jjeninsula formed by lakes Huron, Erie, and (Intario. The progress of the Church in this diocese since its formation has been most encouraging ; the general funds of the Cliurch Society arc increasing, many additional churches have been l.)uilt, i UUIiON. 57 the mmilior of tho clorgy lias })oon iluiiblcil, iunl the j»ooplo in most parlH ;i]>j)i-{ir to l)o dninrr tln'ir utmost lo support tlioii clci'^yiiKMi. < )f th' ir \vi]liii;j;iu'ss to assist ntlicr.-' mit of tli«?ir limit'Ml luoiiiis a pl<';».-uiLr proot was afroni«M| in die -ul>s(Mijttions "wliicli Wfif rais(.'»l during' tlio ■winter «tl ISdL' .'> anutn^^'st the Churfli proplo tUroii^hoiit tli(3 dioreso, tor tli<; ivliel of thoii bi't'lliivn in Kn«jjlau»l, tlu'ii sutfcring trojn tli'^ (itt'ccts of tlic American w.w. IJatl r more than i^fiO/. wore tlius raised and remitted to tlie. Maiichewtfir (Central Ixelicf Committee, one among the manv instanees of tlip kindly (liristian sympatliy which was rxhihitud in almost rvi^.ry coluiiy and dejK'iidcncy oi the Jii'itisli empire towards the suiiering artisans of our mauu facturin;:^ districts. The following extracts from tln^ ni.diojt's letters to the Society will convey a correct notion of the character wliich it is desiraljle that missionaries in this countrv slKtuld possess, and of the nature of tlio work in which they will ho em})loyed : — 'Young men strong in ])ody will alone answer in so new and rough a country, and yet those who are sent upon tliese missions must have a knowledge of human nature, sucli as few^ young men possess in tlie commencement of their ministerial life. There ar<.i peculiar ditfit ulties attendant upon a mission to a new settle ment, arising from the nature ol ihe poj)ulatioii. (ienerally the people are strangers to each other, having no social bond to unite them, 'J'he missionary has therefore to bring them together and bind them to each other by the cords ol Christian love and Clmrch menibershi]:), before he can eiiect any ]»ermanent good amongst them. This requires much i)atience and tact on the part of the missionary, and therefore it is not easy to find men well suited for such a work. Our friends in England can form no adequate idea of lie destitute state of their countrymen in this new country, or the ditficulties with wdiich travelling mis- C', ^8 WORK IN rilK COLON I FA -i Hioiiiirios havo to contend. F(>r oi^lit or ton yoar;^ iSts\-c their alx)de in it, still there rem,[iin some ndllions of acres which will furnish a home to enugrants from the mother countrv for many years to come. There is before the Churcli in this country a long and arduous work, but 1 trust through the Divine blessing upon the labours of our mission- aries, the day will come wh«ni every part of the land shall enjoy the privih'ge of having the Gospel preached, and the Sacrament administered by ministers of our Church." I ONTARIO. 59 by oXTAIlh). This now Ilislmpiic was diviclc'l fmm Torniitrfin 1^01 ; nnd fit a meeting' (»r tlie SviumI (.f tli»' I)io('.»^s<' Ik Id at l\iiii,'slT.ii on the 1 .■»l li uf .huic, tli«» 1{<'S'. diinios I. n win, rector "i Hi' •ck villi', was '.'Iccti'd tlid first lJisli('|i. Ilih: (•()iis«M'niti(tM on \\n- tj.')!!! of ^larch in the t'olldunif,' yr^ar was an ini|M'>itant tvcnt lor tlio Canadian ( Uun.li, it lit'in<^' lln^ lirst occasion tm wln<'h a lUHhop of our ( 'huri'li wan ronst'cratcd in Canada or llritish America. The rrremony took plac(? in 8t. (leurgc^'s ( 'athfdral, Kingston, the Biijlioj) of iMontreal, ^h'lro[)olilan, the I5isli<.|)s of Toronto, <»)u«''bec, and Knron. and the Aniuricaii .P»islio|t of Michigan, all taking ]>art in tljo service. The Society voted the sum of 1,000/, frotu its .TiibilRK IS THE COLOXFES. 200 luHos ; and Ixjirig of a triangular shape, its broad tli vnrios from lifty to 2.')0 jnilcF. It comprises tii'tccn coiLitios, and ir)0 aurvcyeti townships, most of whicli contain 100 square mik'S. Bc'sicUiS these tliore is an extensive tract of country in the nortli- west of the diocese not yet surveyed, but which is being pnri-ially settled by Sf^uatters, and Hlled (hiring the winter seasfin, with lunil)ennen, where a travelling missionary might be usefully employed. Tiic population of the diocese in 1801 numl)ered 371,541, of wliom SI, 000 Avere returned as members of the Church. 'i\) niiuistor to tliis population, scattered over such an extensive area, we have only fifty- five clergymen ; and as the countrv is year bv vear becoming mo' e settled, and the members of the C'hurcl) more numerous, the numbers of the clergy will require to be proportionotely increased. The establish- ment of the city of (Htawa as the seat of government, will naturally cause the tide of emigration to tl<*\v up the course of the river Otta^ra into the newly surveyed portions of our diocese, thus matei'ially increasing our numbers, and at the same time increasing our nisponsibility to minister to them tlie CJospel of the grace of God. It m.iy serve to illustrate the rapid grow^th of the (,'hurch in Canada, to refer to the changes ^vhich have occurr(»d during the ministt^rial lifetime of one individual, the present vigorous-ininded, devoted, and venerated lUshop of Toronto. When that venerable man of God was ordained in 1803, there w'as but o]ie iUshop, -with seven clergymen, and a small body of laymen in the whole of Canada, wdiich then consti- tuted the single diocese of Quebec, 1 1 now comprises the fi v^e sees of (Quebec,' ]\rontreal, r)ntario, Toronto, and Huron, with 364 clergymen, aiul 375,000 members of our Church- In Upper Canada where the youthful deacon saw but four eleigymen, and a small but devoted band of laymen in 1803, the aged prelate, now in his eighty-fifth year, beholds three Bisho])s, 246 clergy- I .*i,-<«l*wlA.',- ■ ■ — ai*-- ONTARIO. 61 u'(\ in iiid a tonsti- witli I ;i men, and according to tlie census of iJ^Hl, a Clmrcli population of M 1,00."). r.('h(.lding this wonderful increase, eflectcd by God's great blessing wiiliin one ministerial lifetime, well mav^ that venerable servant of Christ exclaim, ' What hath Gud wrought ! ' Much of this growth and ])rosperity is due, under God, to the fosteiing care of the Society for the rr(^pagatiy thes*, benevolent Societies to forward our missionary operations within the diocese. Ihit tinuily and invaluuble as this assistance will prove in extending the ministrations oi the Church into the interior of the land, still more is re»|uired in order to meet our urgent necessities. We have whole counties as largo as any in England with not a single chugyman lesivlent within their bounds. Cases of extreme s])iritual destitution are to bo met with in every direction. From every quarter is heard the Macedonian cry, * Come over and help us.' From personal ex- perience and an intimate knowledge of t. :; country, accjuired during thirty years of ministerial labours theie, I can truly testify that the liarvest indeed is great, but tne labourers are I'ew — very few indeed comi>ared with the extent of the Held. My own isolated position there may serve to illastrat(; and c(;nHrm the truth of the statement. My nearest clericd neiglibour in any direction lives fourteen miles to the *v\est of me ; the nearest towards the north is lifly-five miles distant ; the nearest to the -i-ly-, .^^ar^ W'T*"^'- ■'***'«'"»■■***; VlWM ^^^SS»TO^-^»^S||rsp^.'. -. A'^.»-ivine service ; rush oif, dinnerless, 13 miles farther, generally on horseback in sumnnu-, the thermometer, ]»erhaps, 120" in the sun; the roads so bad as to necessitate cautioji, and oftentimes to dispirit the hoi-se ; yet I have to travel against time. T freipiently dine on horseback, going at the rate of eight or ten miles an hour. zVfter evening service I return home (if no sick visits detain me), where I arrive generally at 11 P.M.'" "In thus a.])] )ealing to our Christian brethren, wo wish it distinctly to l)e understood that the Clmrchmen in the diocese of Ontario do not ask aid from abroad before they have put their own shouklers to the wheel. We have ])arochial sid)- scriptions, and at least two sermons and special collections in all our churches on behalf of our missions, every year. Last year '" (this letter was written in 1862) *' we comjileted the great effort to raise 10,000/. for the endowment of our (Episcopate ; and wo are now endeavouring to laise amongst ourselves 2,000^. more to build a See- house, in order that our Bishop, whose income is oidy 750/. per annum, may not have to rent a house. It must also be borne in mind that every parish has to aid in supporting its own clergyman, as ^v'ell as to minister to their more destitute brethren, ai' we have no State endowment, no church-ratt;s and no tithes." ** We most earnestly aj>peal then to our Christian brethren in ONTAUK). 0:5 Ibrt to ,^0 are the mot lit r country tn aid us in our ulVorts to ntJicvo tliis spiritual doBlitutioii. nded t'l it in .1 lilx-ral spirit. May ( iod Idt'ss tln'm fur tlioir generous symjtailjy, and may He who hii8 the h«',arts ui all men in His holy keepin<^ be graciously pleased to cause many ' to go and du likewise.' " 64 WORK TN TUB COLONIES. CHAPTER YI. v\'«)iiK IN AMi:iao\ (contirnied). N'EWFOUNDL.WD- Fl{FJ)l':i<10TON — RUPERTS LAN — COLUMBIA. XKWFOT'NDl.AXD. Tni^ island, tho nearest t<> tlie mother coLintry of all tlio rolonies of Great Ih'itain, was iliscover-d in 1497 by tln^ ceh'brat'»Hl Vene- tian navigatorj Sebastian Cabot. For a long period tlio posses- sion of it -was disputed by tho French, but at the rcace of Utrecht, in 1713, it was tinidly ceded to the I\,iigli.-li, It is occupied only dong the coast, and almost exclusively by persons engaged in the cod and seal fisheries. j.±ie last of tlie aljonginal inhabitants, Shanawdithit, died at St. John's in \f^2'd. The first English clergyman here, the I»ev. j\Ir. Jackson, who had been niaintaintil wiili ddticultyfor .1 short lime at St. John's by private subscrii)tions, wfis ad(»]»ted as a missionary by the SocU'ti/ for the Propar/ation of the Oospi'/, in May. 1703. Tlje Key. Jacob Kice was sent out to St. John's, in 1705 ; and in 1729 the Eev. Iv. Rillpatrick Avas stationed at Trinity liay. In 1700 tln' Rev. Lawrence COughlan, having iVn some time re- sided at Harbour Grace, was, at the rerjuest of the inhabitants, appointed missionarv there by the Society. 1)» 1787 a mission.'iry was ap})ointed at RIacentia, ami a church budt, to wldch King William IV then in cf.unmand of tlie /*e;fams on that station, NEV. FOUNDLAXD. 05 HA. lomes lOt^sea- :;e of It is igiiial who olin'« ; the The III in In • e re- t; lilts, unary King .ation, '.y subscvihod fifty j^mincas, and also i)rescnted a handsome sot t!>it' coniiiiuni<)U-j)lat,., still in use. On thf ap|M»intiii»'nt uf our iirst colonial Bishop, l)r. Iuj^^Its, of Nova Scotia, m 17^7, .Newfoundland was nominally placed under his episcopal su))ci'int(mdence ; but so extensive was his diocese,, and so nuriu'vous and ]»re8sin<,^' the claims upon his time and strength, that Ik- was never able to visit this island. When ])r. Stansor succeeded to the J^|)iscopate of Nova >Scotia in 181 G, there were,' five missionaries and sr.vcn schoolmasters in Newfoundland, maintained in part by the Society. On the api)(unLment (jf the third Dishop of Nova Scotia, Dr. J. In^dis, in lSi>|, his diocese was sab-divid«'d into four Archdeaccearies, of whicli Newfoundland was on»' and IJermuda another; and there were at thai time tive other missionaries and twenty-five schoolmasters and catechists. In 1820 Bisho]) ln<^Us visited the Bermuda Islands, which contained then a population of above 10,000, about one-half of whom were slaves. There were nine parishes, each i)rovided with a church. The /eal of the clergy, and the excellent dis- position of the p(joi)le, who had never seen a bishop 1)efore on these islands, excited his liOrdshi[)'s admiration, lie confirmed more than 1,1^00 persons in the whole, of whom above 100 were Idacks. In 1^<28 the Bishop made his Iirst visitation of Newfound- land, in thv. course of wlii(.'h he traversed nearly 5,000 miles j consecrated eighteen churches and twenty burial-grounds ; con- firmed, in all, 2,3G5 persons, and preached thirty -two times. In his re]»»>rt to the Society the Bisho[» says : — '^ There are peculiar circumstances at Newfoundland which increase the dillicultieE of providing for the instruction of the people. Their settle- ments are greatly scattered, always dilticult of access, and often inaccessible. l)uring the short fishing season every one is wholly engaged in the fishery, on wliich they depend for sup- F 6G WOKK IN THE COLONIES. port ; and in th^ -wintor it is a IVeqnont practice to remove to tlio forest for slu.'lter, fuel, and enijdoynient in preparing liniiber. These diniculties, however, may be successfully met by becoming earnestuess and zeal. Sometimes it will be desirable for the schoolmastors to move with the p(Mjple and tilt (as it is called^) in the woods. The clergyman also must be ready, in a pure missionary S2)irit, to visit occasionalJy these temporary lodgments in the forests ; and, during the busiest seasons, he will always tind the general indinatinn of the ])eople leaning towards the Church. Pressed, as they often aie, by the hurry of the hshing season, they will always be ready for instruction, even then, on the ■ >bbath, which is seldom violated by rrotestants here. A missi.^aary without missionary zeal can do nothing here. He ^^ ill (ji'ten have foi'midalde difficulties to contend with ; but if he b' .\arnest in the great cause in which he is embarked he will not bo left without much comfort and encouragement in his arduous course." In 1830, Newfoundland was erected into a se]>arate diocese, and the i?ev. A. G. Sjjence]', who h;id for many years been Arch- deacon of the Bermuda Islands (which were now included in the diocese) was consecrated the Bishop. At this time the Society supported ten clergymen and three lay teacluirs in New- foundland, all of whom were stationed on the coast between Twillingate and Ferryland ; and three clergymen in Bermuda. The immediate and benefcial results of this measure are manifest from the Bisli'r)'s Charge in 1841, iu which he says ; — " The first results of my visitation and endeavours to promote the great objects conti luplated by my appointment, during the last two years, are, I trust, obvious and satisfactory. Tlie full information which I possess respecting the condition and wants of my diocese ; the subdivision of its more extensive missionary ^ See Gosyd Miasionanj^ vol. v. p. 135. -'•- i9*':' ;>i^RNk ' - Ml 1 ifllh-ilitiP---- ■"••■'■ -■-■■'■ i.„. ^ .,1',: e .. - „■ ^. ^a. . .... -, . to ming L" tlio ]nire ueiits IwayH .s the isliing mi, on e. A . He Lut if lie will iu his ocese, iVrch- led in mc the New- etweon uda. re arc ays . — roinute mg the [he full Avaiits iionarv w fcK Ti'i« H tf ri » ' ■> » . i 1 J <* »iii<1 i» i > i MMriMMaMMIliAi H I ) s j NKWFOUNDLAND. C7 stiitions ; tlie encuuragomout of tlio old, and the organization ol nc-w schools ; the consecration of twelve churches, and the eoni- menied erection of twenty-two nion; ; the confiriiiation of 2,2.hS persons ; the nuuibor of the ch;rgy luoro than ih)ubk'd ; the im- provement and Mustainnieni of a dioiesan so(.'i(>ty to aid ns in the ]>rnpagatiun ox tlie (lo8}tel, and the institution of a seminary in which a. limited numh'-j- <>f hiy readers and students in tlieo- logy are to be prepared tor niissionaiy hibour ; these auspicious conscfpiences of the establishment of the Episcopate ir, New- foundland, are calculatci to send me on my way rejoicing, and to inspire me Avith an hui \l)le conlidence that 1 ' have not run in vain, neither lal)0ured in vain.'" Ill 1844, i)isho[t Si)encer having been translated to the vacant see of Jamaica, the liev. Edward. Feild, hite Ecdlow of (^hieen's College, (Jxford, was called to the Dishupric of Newfoundland, and consecrated at Lambeth on the 28th April. The Churcli ship, the Ilawk^ "svhich was presented to the Bishx^p by an English clergyman, enabled his Lordship to extend his periodical visita tions all round the island and beyond it, aii'l gradually to esta- blish new missions m places whicli no clergyman had visited previously. ( 'onse(|uontly new churches have been built and clergymen settled all along the south coast of the island, and u}* to St. George's liay ; aim on the oj)posite side of the island, as far north as White Bay. In 184C) Bishop Feild commenced making a systematic yearly collection tlirougliout the island for the support of the Church , and though dui'ing its hrst year of trial the people were sub- jected to a series of losses and calamities in the failure of the fishery, the destruction by iii'e of a great part of the capital, and the hurricanes which devastated their coasts, the scheme, l)ase(i as it is on a sound and just princi})le, bids fair to realize the ex- pectations of those who formed it. p2 08 WORK IN THE COLON lES. i In 1847 lite iJishop visiiod Enjj^laii'l, to obtain as.-^istance in robnihlni;^ ih. ('utlicdral Cliurch (oKh'Uii;^' additional c)('r;4yiiien oi ..uinlidates for liolv ordorti. In all tlnisr, objects bo ^^ a.- very succcs-^ful. < >r bis second visitntion '>f bis diocrse in iJ^li), tbe r>isb<>p tlois ,sp»\iks : — '■ hi tbis year ol journeys what a aricty of ])lace and people has bo«'^' picsenled to me! Tiist to iierniuda " (a Noyage of a tbousajjil miles), "witli its frnits and ilovvers in the month of January, after being dfttaijied a bu'tnifrbt at llalilax, in No\« Scotia, the <.• round there all covered with snow, and the thunnomet' t belo^\ zen<. In I'ermuda 1 ministiu'cil to the mixed ;>o]ndation rif whites and blacks, t:ave coniirmation and celebrated the Lords 8ui>]»er in every cbuj'cb in the colony, and CL)nse<'i:;ted two and churcbyai'ds. Then my return to ^i'e\vfounilland. by way .1 Halifax, and thai strangt.' encounter with, the ice m the iiionll (f May, wliidi prevented our rtjaching in the stenmer uitnin fiity miles of 8t. John s. My walk that distance, ai.d, aftei a short rest in St. J()hn's, my voyage of YisitatK.n to the Stiaits of Ut-lle Isle and Labrador, and round the who!'' island of !NevA-foundland. winch k(!pt nie afloat in the (Tiujch ship' very neaily four months, and brought nw to the Es({uimaux Indians (on the Seal Islands), among ic<;bergs, in the month of Aug\jst, and lastly, my journey round < 'oncejition Jiay, partly on foot, partly by ponies^ partly in boats, and all this long and varied travel without any serious loss, accident, or hindrance to myself or any of my belongings. Well may schooner llaivh exclaim in the words <»f a true poet : — 1 Per an aecuunt and sketch of this ship, see Gospel Mimonari/, vol. i. p. 168. n T^.TTt- ' ^ ■ XEWFOUXDrWD. 09 I ^ 'ol. i. ' Mutlit r, ^nmc ITant» < tui^'ly, Mnl tloiitin;:; pilrs iiiitl occuii Uaik.' " Thu^, l»y ffod's <^oo(liu'.SH nnd grncf-, I his Duly >rii=if5ionnry Hisliop liMs Im'.'ii rniil»l<'(l to iitlcr tlio ministration^ ..i tlic Church in many a nnioto scltltjnicnt. wlicrc no scrvicf had over bct'oro been held, and scatter the scmm' oi tlic \\'<.)i'd in mi\ ? . socliuU'd fiDves. wIk'K' hapl> hy thf Divine; l)iossin^, it iitay i.«ini tlio .hdah^e Inind (or .■■ i-ndownK-nt of Hcholarships in connexion with the I'lirological r-lk'f?o at St. John's. In lS");i tlic first clmrch was c '^1>«> ^^^-^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k A O ■»/- ■^ Ki v.. 1.0 I.I ■^ 1^ 12.2 lis 1112,0 6" |l-25 III 1.4 11.6 PhoiDgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 ,\ :\ \ ^9) V r\^ M. '^> 70 WORK IN THE COLONIES. D f the Hishop of tho increasing poverty and distress wliicli, from ii variety of causes, have prevailed here for the last few years. From l>(innudii, where thi;ro is a legalized provision for the cL^rgy, the Society has now ^vithdrawn. In Newfoundland itself four clergymen are supjiorted entirely hy lo(?al eoniribntions, two by tuition, and one requires no assistances The; number of churches consecrated, or ready for consecration, was eighty-seven, besides eight in progress, in 1S<')3 Tlie Cathedral at St. John's was eonsccrat(Ml in 1850, and opened for daily servi(?e j and a cathedral on a small scale has also been erected on the largest of the Bernnida islands. The College at St. John's now numbers eight studcuits. 'I'he income o' the Diocesan Church Society, remitted to St. John's, in 18()3 was 1,003/. besides about 910/. retained in the several Missions. There is no Synod in Xew- foundland, tho difhculty of communication "vvith the capital, occasioned by the want of roads, and the poverty of the clergy and periple, being very great ; and, to use the Avords of the Ihshoj), "'There are no endowments, no rates, no glel)es, no kindly fruits of the earth ; nothing but seals and fish, and of these an unc(?rtain supply. " At the Annual ]\Ieeting of the Diocesan Society in 1850, an address was adopted, in which they tendei' ''a renewed expres- sion of their sincere gratitude for the many invaluable benefits ■svhich have been conferred by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel during nearly a century and a half upon the Church in Newdbundland. It is believed," the address goes on to say, '^ that there is hardly a church or parsonage-house in the colony, towards tlnr erection of winch the venerable Society has not con- tributed. The clergy, whose ranks have been from time to time reinforced and augmented have been mainly supported by the Society's liberality, and we and our brethren i/a[)plicd thereby with the means of grace and ordinances of religion, in the purity -.i ft!J?l 0, an :pres- netits on of lurch ) say, lony, con- 1) time y the ereby -urity FREDERfCTOX. 7.1 wliicli distmgiilhes the faith and (liscii")liiie of the Church of our fathers/' Of the trials an>l dilhculties to he met with in this seenc of his labours thu Bishop thus speaks : — "This diiX-cse is pt,M'haj>s, of all in 'Mir (.olouial enijurt', the niv;st uninviting in respect of all worldly comforts and advantages, ^fhe length and rigour of the winters, the bleak and barren nature of tlie soil, w'ith the j)eciiiiar habits and c»ccupations of the people, are easily understood and appreciated j but tlie want of society, and tin long separation from relations and friends, are much great^-r trials, and Ining diillculties ;uid temptations not lightly to be encountered, and never to be. conquered but by the ju'evailing influence of (iod's Holy Spirit, shedding abroad in the heart the love of Christ and of Ilis Chuv(di and people.'' 'No diocese has been more fortunate than Kewfoundland in he number of s(jlf-denying, laborious clergyiiKin who Jiave left England to brave the discoura*;ements of a severe cdmate, a barren land, and extreme poverty. It would be invidious to select instances from those now Avorking there : but our readers will be glad to liave their attention directed (in addition to the Bishop's numerous Journals of Visitation) to the late Rev. J, G. Mountain's Soivinci-Time in Neivfoundlandy and to the Kev, Julian ]\Ioreton"s Life and Work in Nevifoundland, recently published by Messrs. liivingtons. FEEDER ICTON. The province of Fredericton, or Xew Brunswick as it was formerly called, was discovered, like most of our oth(,T xS^orth American possessions, by John Caljot and his sons in 1497. It shared the fate of the adjoining province of Nova Scotia, with which it was associated by the French under the name of Acadia, but did not come into the undisputed possession of the 72 WORK rx Tlllr. COLONIES. English UTitil the poace of IT'l."), At this time the country was covered witli an almost coiitinuous forest, a few I'amilies who had emigrated from oSCw Kngland the year hefore and settled at JNhaugerviUe eonsti tilted the entire papulation, and iher^; was not a single clergyman in the province. In 1785, when tlj<' colony was separated fronr Xova Scotia and formed intcj a separate government, tho numher of iidiaintants had inci'eased t" >^00. Tlie first clergymen here were tl'O Rev, Samuel Andr»'ws, the Rev. James 8c<,'vil, diid the Rev. Samuel Cooixe. wfio were, *',om- pclled l)y political troubles to leave their former missions in I^ew England in 1785', and were transferred h) the Society for the Eropagation of the (?TOspel to the Missions of St, Andrew's, Kingston, and St. /lohn's respectively. These were the men who lirst made the sound of the (Juspel to be heard amid the ijnows and forests of New Brunswick ; and luture generations of Church- men wdll look hack to them with a feelina akm to that with, which -we regard those apostolic and self-denying men Aviio first preached the doctrine of the Cross to our own rude forefathers. How few were th(3 o])portunities enjoyed by the early settlers of [Kirticipating in the ordinances of the Church may be inferred from a tiict mentioned by Mr. Andrews in his journaJ. When visiting one of the t-emoter parts of his mission (which extended over sixty miles) he reached a lonely house where he found a large family waiting ^or him ; and, after due examination, he "baptized the ancient matron of the family of eighty two years, lier son of sixty years, two grandsons, and S(^ven greai grand- children." As settlements increased more missions were opened and additional clergymen sent out ; but the work of all was much of the same chai'a,cter. They had all great distances to travel, and much hardness to endure from the severity of the climate, and FRKDERICTON. 73 lears, land- anJ Ihof and I and t the natiiro of tlio country. AVith wives and rannlies for th<>, most part, tlicir stipend from tli«i Society was })ut ") 'ySjttjt^' ,j«*j#»"" *«f' FREDHRKJTON. /.) [, for 1)11 '4'st Hand- Las It was ioL ' of 1 missionaries has ])eeii au^^nioiited since the ostal)lislnn<'nt of llic Bishopric, from thirty to forty-live ; and I have eonhrmed abov(> 1,:^00 persons altogether. I oannct begin to sjicuk of the work in my diocese witliout acknowhMlging our obhgfltl^'n^ to the Societv for tlie Propagation of the Gospel. It is not. too much to say, that but for tJic fo.stering care of this Society, the (Miurch couhl, liumanly speaking, have no existence in >.'ew Urunswick, Tlie State never did anything of importance to esta1)lisli it there; and the oidy assistanc(i noM received trom Government is a grant of 300/. a year, whicli is llie sahiry of the ]>resent Arcluk^acon." The diocese of Fredericton contains an area of 2(»,()0() s(piare miles, and is therefore almost as large as 8eotlanay Ava.s fonrtecai. It is now a Honrishiag city with 4,4.">.S inhabitants, an(.l amongst otlier public bnildings a nr>b' ■ catlieib'al, several eliuivhcs and a college. Tlui;-! in tlie course oJ' eiglity years we have seen llie con- tinuous forest of New r»rnns\\ick gradually give [)1aco to rising townships and cities , and a popnliition of SoO uniltiphed, by natural causes, and the constant inlhix of new settlei's (who in one year alone (IS 16) amounted to 1),7(')5), U) 200,000. AVo have seen to > tin; Church, with but little assistance from tlie Government, gradually accpiiring more strengtli and consistency. From two or three missionaries in 17^0, the ninuber of the clergy has grown to tifty-four, witli -i J'islioj* and Archdeacon at their head. l)Ut half of th(^ paiishes are even now nnsup])liod with the^ ministrations of r<:'ligion ; and the tide of emigration is still llowing stnnigly. Assistance from home wdl doubtless be required in the more thinly peopled settlements for some years to come ; but it is to be hoped that the (linrchmen of ]New iJrunswick, and of every otlier British colony will see, thfit to be secure, their Church must, at the earli(^st moment, be independent; and thaf its noblest endowment Avill Ite found in the alfection and self-denial of its members. In a charge delivered in 18G2 to the ckrgy and laity of his diocese on tli*- im))ortant subjects of endowment: and self-support, the Bishop) calculates that from the year 1795 the Society has exp<3nded upwards of 200,000/. on the support of missions in .New BrunsAviek, and he strongly urges u|»on the colonists the duty of relieving the Society of the annual charge — still amounting, if pimsiuns be included, to little less than 4,0o0/. The clergy, man> of whom are very poor, most generously responded to this appeal, but no really practical response has yet been returned by the laity. FHEDF.RICTOK. 77 ; the V of )W a iihlic con- rising h1, "by /ho in Wc 111 the stency. of the loon at ipplicd ixtion is :Aess 1)6 ' yrars ,t' l!s .'ih'oady made, and Llic many diflicuhics yet to be oveivoni'-' in tins diocese, the ni.shoj) thus spt-aks in one of hih reports to the. Society : — '' 1 think 1 can lioni-slly say tliat audi advanc"' as we have madc^ has been in the ri<^'lit di red ion, thougli I <"ould wish it had been nioit^. rajiid and vigorous. (Jreat allowance, ho\vev«'r, must be made for tht? very pecnUar condi- tion of the, diocese, arising, in a great degree, from its physical formation, and tiie unequal and iinsatisfactory distribution of Church ]ioopU7 over vast tracts of land. As things are now, and must, as far as man can see, continvKi to be, our little band lies scattered over the fringes of the forest, having but scanty com- munication with the chn'gyman, and with eacli other ; cut olf from the great (centres of life and knowledge, one half oi' the nieii going into the woods in winter, and the sick often twelve, fifteen, and even twenty mih>s from the ])astor. In our winters, a Sunday School in the remote districts is often uttedy im- practical ile. How is a little girl to walk three, four, or live miles m deep snow, or in a blinding snow-storm, to school i Again, our people art. surrounded by sects of every kind, con- tinually subdividing, rivalling each other, and keeping up their cause by jDcrpetual excitements of every kind." . . , "I am thankful to say that o l' Diocesan Church Society which is our niainstav, has exhibited s'gns of undoubtiid vitalitv. Our income tills year (1801), exceeded 1,G00/. which \s411 hear a favourable comparison with the results of similar work in other colonies. And this is after all only a small })art of our contributions. The whole of wiiat is done in England by rates, is hero raised by volunlarj' subscriptions, or not raised at all. Still, I am far from thinking that if you take the whole hody collectively we do our duty, or anything like it. It is admitted hy many very intelligent persr.ns, and it is a matter of boast, if not of reproach, amojig dissenters, that they give much more liberally than '8 W'OIlIv IN THE COr.ONIKS. (.'liurclimcn, acconliiig to thoir means. And in some instanc«\s it is, I fear, too true. We Avant sadly that spirit of gi-nerous self-saerilieing enterprise AvhitJi conies ibrward oi' its own accord, lays the foundation of a wise and W(3li-conHi(] ,vd ]>hin, and .supplies it with ample jncans. in our catlKHh-al wo have tried the system of seats free and o]»en to all, for eight years, and the congregation by oji'ertory col led i< tits have always su])[)licd the means for the mainttuiance of our necessarily expensive services. In fact, I liave no doubt that the offertory w^ould pro\'ide for all the ^vants of the Church, if it wei'e faithfully and dutifully acted on, and a weekly oifering given by rich and poor according to their al)ility." . . . "You are aware that here we have no Synod. Whenever there shall exist a general desire for the formation of sucli a body among the clergy and laity undei- my charge, 1 shall bo ready to meet their wishes. But at present no signs are visible that Sy nodical action is desired." ... "I will close this report by once more gratefully thanking the Society for the great liberality which they have so long ex- tended to us, with a hope that it may please God to |)Ut it into the hearts of those among us whom He has Ijlessed with abundant means to ' sow bountiful!}^, that they n^ay reap also bountifully.' " RTJPEET'S LA:N"1), It seems probable that Sebastian (^'abot entered and partly surveyed Hudson's Bay in the year 1512. It was re-discovered in IGIO by Henry Hudson (an English navigator wdio was endeavouring to find a north-west passage), and together with the adjoining strait has been called after his name. Meanwhile the French had colonized Canada, and from thence carried on an active fur-trade wath the Indians inhabiting the countries west of Hudson's Bay. But in 16G8, Prince Rupert sent a lirj'KHTS I,AM). < .' IIICOS L'.rOU8 I'ord, ciiul Iricd (1 the d the le tor tifully urdiuj^ i\e no or the lev my ^)resent "I ng the rig ex- it into undant fully. partly covered ho was ler with tinwhile I'ried on )untries sent a vessel hero, which <.'rec17n, the iludsnu's r>ay ( 'onipany, i.-stahlishcd with the expn,\S8 oliject of procuring furs, was iiicorjM.ratcd by Charles 11. aud in theiu this \-.i,st territory was graut«'d. Altlicugh the couii)auy must have realized euoi-uious prolits hy their fui-trad(\ aud employed a large nuuiher ot people, who W(!!'e m constant intercoui'se with the Uiitive Indians, iiolhiug a[>pears to liave been done by them for neaily a hundred and fifty years to promote the spiritual inten.'sts of these persojis in some sort committed to their charge. When Governor 8eniple was sent out in 1 '"^l "). lie v/as speeitdly requested to repent t<> the conijtany wlietluir any trace was to be found of either teiuph^ worshi}* or idol, aud whether it would l)e practicable to gather the children together for I'ducatiou, aud for instruction in agricidture or other manual eui[doyuicnt. In liis answer he said, that no place (.f vvorshi]) of any sort was to be seen, and most feelingly exj)ressed his anxiety for the imme- diate erection of a church. At last, in 1820, the company seut out the lie v. d. West, as chaplaiu to the settlei'S at the agricultural settlement which had been formed by the Karl of Selkirk in 1811, on the banks of the Red Iiiver; Mi-. West was also accompained by a schoolmaster. Two years afterwards the Cluu'ch ^lissionary So<;iety was induced by the reitresentations of two of the directors of the Hudson's Bay (.'ompany, to found a mission in their settlement. The Ivev. D. T. Jones, was accordingly sent out in 182.'), aiul found on his arrival that a church, had already been built by the exertions of Mr. W^est. A second church was com})leted in 1825, and in the same year the mission was greatly streiigthened by the accession of the Kev. AV. Cock ran, to whom, indeed, it is 80 WORK I\ TIIK Cni,nxiE.S. ( * lai'^'cly iiilt prii'st.s. In 1.5 l:i, Lienors I'litent \vudd, who is now nnnislcring to the Indians at Fort (hiinber- hind. Hitherto, as wo have seen, the missionary cause, wo miL'ht perlia[>s say the cause of rehgion itself in Rupert's Land, owed almost everything to the Clmrcli Missiimary Society; hut in 1850, at the Jiishop's request, i!ie Society tor the Propagation of the Gospel granted a sum of IO(i/. per annum, towards the stipend of a clergyman, to 1)0 stationed at Assinlboia, and in 1852 a further .suin of 50/. for the same ohject at the mission of York Fort. This latter grant has been since increased to 100/. and transferred to the assistant minister of the llishop's own chui'ch of St. J'Jm, at his Lordship's re(|uest. in the summer of 185^^ a disastrous flood caused the temporary abandonment of some of the mission-stations, and did much damage throughout the country. In 1853 two churches wort; consecrated bv the names of St. Paul, and St. John ; the latter is intended by the Lishop to he used as the cathedral church until the erection of a more suital)le structure. At tlio close of that y(;ar the Rev, \V. Cockran was appointed first Archdeacon of Assiniboia. and the Rev. J. Hunter Archdeacon of Cumberland. -•^mi^^- H2 WORK. IN THE COLONIKS. In 1800 the Bishop held a visitation of all. the clergy who could bn brought together, and in tlie course of his charge men- tioned that the ministrations of the Cliurch were afforded to the tribes of the Crces and Synteux, to a large body of tlie Chippewyans, and a few of the 8ioux, and occasionally to the Esquimaux. The Norwegians in the eastern district had also been provided >vith, the miTiistrations of the Church. To show the prodigious extent of the diocese he says that of two of the clergy who were prevented by distance from attending, one was stationed at Fort Simpson, 2,500 miles to the north-west, the other at Moose, .Frimes Bay, 1,200 miles to the east. The clergy whom the tSociety assists to maintain are all stationed in the Red Kiver settlement. In 18()1 at the earnest entreaty of the Bishop the Society took up the mission of Fort EUice or Beaver Creek, a station about 200 miles to the westward of the Assiniboine River and on the line of communication, of the Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains. The missionary appointed to minister to T)oth the Indians and the Euglish, the Rev. Thomas Cook, being native born is equally familiar with both languages. In 1862 the communication with England was for nine weeks altogether suspended, owing to an outbreak of the Sioux Indians in the adjoining state of JMinnesota, and great fears w^ere enter- tained of a general rising of the Indians, which would have been most difficult to subdue as the (*ountry is so large. The follow- ing year was also an anxious time, but this danger now appears in some degree to have passed away, at least for the present. The diocese of Rupert's Land comprises nominally the almost boundless territory in the possession of the Hudson's Bay Company, which is stated to be no less than 370,000 square miles in extent. The country is for the most part a vast plain, varied by a successioix of lakes and rivers, and intersected y.-, RUrERTS T.A>'D. 83 o who men- lod to of the to the .d also 3 show of the )ne was est, the e clergy , in the iety took on ahout ^d on the Rocky ■lK)th the \ct native ■Qo weeks Indians ire enter- hiive heen ,e foUow- w apP'^ars isent. Inally the Hudsons 370,000 [lart a vast Intersected e by tlie great cliam of tlie liocky Mountains. Thonpji ;,, crront portion -if tlie e(»untn i;^ covered with wood, und at several placGvS iron and othei niin<'ral productions liave been discovenid, its jHesent Wfiiltli eonai-stJ^ iu tlie fur-bearing aniinuls in wbieli it abounds, ,'in«l \vbich are kdled on account of tbeir skins. The number jf waterfowl is idsu very great, :mel fisli is abundant in the lakes. In so large a space there must necessardy be some diversity ol soil autl ehnuate. At tbe J\ed River settlement the soil, Avhieh is alluvial, is remarkably ftTtib--, .irid l» parti<'.uhti' farm is men- tioned wliicb had borne an abundant eroji of wheat for eighteen years in suceiission, without evei having been rnanun^d. The blessing therefore of pleidy is vouchsafed to the natives and settlers ; tliat is, alumdance of produce for the satisfying of their own wants, but without any market, or means of export. They liave also horses, eattle, and shee]) in fair proitortion. The population of Ru]ierts Lind is roughly estimated at 103,000, of whom by far the largest portion are KoCiuimanx and Indians. There is however a, eonsideraljle number of Euroiieans among them, probably several tliousands, who ore either settled in the Company's estabiishn tents to receive the furs and forward them to the placets of cialjarkation, or who travel through these conntries for the purpose of eoUecting them. These travellers are commonly French Canadians, and are called voy*M •'mtrnm $m^ 86 WORK IN THE COLONIES. Pnn(!(»ss 'Royal Island and Queon Charlotto T.-^land, — and a portion of the mainland situated between the Eocky INIountains and the Pacific. Tlie length of Vancouver's Island may be estimated at 200 miles, and its average breadth at 55, but no complete or accurate survey has been made either of this or of the other possessions of the Crown on these coasts, C)f all these ])ossessions Vancouver's Island is the largest, and by far the most important to England, on account of its mineral and agricultural wealth, of its proximity to China and the East, and its consequent advantages as an ejuporium of trade, of its posi- tion at the termination of the United States' boundary line, and the projected railway across the continent of America. In this island is found the only safe harbour between the 49'' of north latitude and kSan Francisco, and thei'c have.' lately been diticovered most extensive fields of coal, not inferior in quality to the best Newcastle, and these are now jDartially worked by the Hudson's Bay ('ompany by Indian labour, and sold at a large profit in California. Granite, limestone, and slate of the finest descrip- tions, as well as lead and copper of the purest quality, are found. ."N^ot less bountifully has this beautiful island been endowed with agricultural wealth ; it now produces with a more grate- ful return, all the farm products of Great Britain, and, as the climate is as genial as some parts of France in which the vine thrives, there is reason to expect it woidd flourish here, and likewise many fruits and vegetables Avhich have not yet been introduced. A great portion of the land in the southern part of the island consists •)f extensive prairie plains, covered with the most luxuriant grass and beautiful wild flowers, and dotted with oak, cedar, fir, and maple trees of the finest sort, reminding one of our English parks ; it is neither overgrown with brush- wood nor so thickly interspersed with large trees as to prevent the immediate upturning of the soil by the plough. The view 9 I .V it COLUMBIA. 87 d a ^ be t no ^r oi" If all »y far [ and [,, and , posi- 3, and n this north overed le best bison's ■ofit in oscrip- found. dowed <:frate- as the le vino re, and t been n part d with dotted iiinding 11 brush- provent he view from Cedar IVIoimt' at the back of Port Motoria irf one of the most comniaiiding and be;iutiful tliat can hv found anywhere, not yield hig, it is said, in tliese res[>e(ts to tlie far-famed harbour of Rin Janeiro. In the northern extremity of the island, at lort Rupert, the trees attain au imuKmse size ; naval officers have declared that thf sjjars made fi'om them are of the finest description : they have been already tried in tlie I'oyal Navy and liigldy api)i'oved of. Pish of the greatest variety and to an inexhaustible extent, abound in the waters of these coasts, es])ecially sturgeon and salmon . the curing an^l sale of this latter to the peo])le of the 8and^vich Islands is a rich source of prolit ; the whale, both bone and sperm, are also killed. The Princess lloyal Island and Queen (Charlotte's Island are very little known, as they have scarcely ever bc^en visited by any other than the Hudson's ikiy Company's traders. Gold was discovered in the latter island m 1^52, but the gold mining district is chiefly conlined to the mainland and extends along some 400 miles from the town of Hope on the lower Praser Kiver to the Quesiiel River, a branch of the Praser in the north. Thousands are engaged along this line, in parties vary- ing from twelve to 200. Yfriting in I S()0, the biishop says, "The population consists for the most part of emigrants from C difornia, a strange mixture of all nations, most dithcult to reach. A large ].)ro})ortion have been long unused to religious opportunities, although amongst them ar(^ those wdio will wel- come the minister of Christ, An idea of this mixture may be aiforded by one instance, that of the town of Douglas, in British Columbia, Out of 200, thirty- five only are British subjects. The rest are Germans, Prcnch, Italians, Africans, Chinese, Spani- ards, JMexicans, and Americans. The agricultural settlers at present are not numerous. I have visited some. They are destitute entirely of the means of grace. The native race in i ' -tmmmm 88 WORK IN THE C0L0N1E8. botli colonies is Tiiimerous." (One account estimates the num- ber of native Indians at 80,00U.) '' I have visited various tribes some are more intelligent than others ; there i< desire of im- provemi^nt and ambition to be like the Avhites. There are peculiar dithculties in onr work here. The populaticn is of such a kind as to require men of no ordinary ability and tact." There are fourteen clf^rgymen, live of wdiom are missionaries of the Society, which in J8()3 expended .£1,175 in this diocese. The Ihsho]) was in England in LSGl, making a fresh appeal to the Church at home for continued support, and he calculated an addition of six cleigy for the European population, of se.von clergy and five catechists for the Indians, to be tlie least force re(]uisite, adecpiately to cope with the j^resent exigencies of the diocese. The Ecv. W. Duncan, a missionary of the Church ^lissionary Society, has been most zealous and indefotigable in his labours, which he commenced in 18.t>6 and carried on for a long time single-handed : his sphere of labour is amongst the Chimsyans, a tribe settled in the neighbourhood of Fort Simpson and on the adjacent islands. The shifting nature of the population in this new colony and the consequent difficulty which a clergyman finds in dtialing with them are well shoAvn in the subjoined extract of a letter from the Eev, J. Gammage : — '' The w^ork of a clergyman in the upper towns of British Columbia, in which 1 include Douglas, is essentially of a missionary character, and must continuu to be so for some time, that is until w^e have a larger number of per- manent settlers, wdio, being permanent, will probably take some- thing more than a passing interest in the pkace. At present it is just the reverse of this. In the parish of Douglas I know of but four persons who profess to adopt British (.'olumbia as their home. The conse'<;a, thus writers : — " Tlie more I can gras]) tlie state of things the more do I i\}i)] tlif* importance of a Bishop heailing missionary labour in a new colony. Our deai* friend has under Crod done already a great work. There is scarcely a single township which has not its missionary, clej'gyman, and parsonage, and attention is being turned to education. ... In V^ictoria there are two crowded churches, with services conducted as well as those of the best managed parishes at home ; and in New Westminster we are, thank God, equal to our brethren over tlio water, as regards (.'hurch service, choir, and all tliat is necessary for decency and o)\ier." i\nd in another letter the Archdeacon bears the following gratifyijig testimony to the rapidity Avith which th(} diocese is bef'oming organized, under the able and energetic administration of its I'ishop ; — " i am rejoiced to say that God is blessing the Columbia AJission in a markc^d way. The (■liurch is dominant everywhere, and now its enemies are compelled to admit that she has been an immense support to these young and growing colonies. Churches, schools, and parsonages are rising in all directions, and our clergy, I am happy to say, are, us a whole, a very superior body of men, labouring zealously for their Master, who is largely bh^ssing their work." JAMAICA. 91 CIIAITKK VII. WORK IN AMKEUCA {i'onch.u.hd). WErtT INDIAN 1)I0CK.SF:s. .) AM AlCA — NASSAU — IlAURADOrt — ANTIGUA — (iUIANA. JAMAICA. HiTllKRTO our iitiention lias hcen oxrlusiv(>ly tixod on tliose cold and dreary countries of the north which (»tler so few aXtnic- tious to the mere v^eekei- of jinuisemeni or phjusure. — wlicre the climate alomi calls for much patient ondui-amu! — and the land- scape presents few bt-auties or varieties ot scenery to divert the mind, ov raise the spirits, (h'pressed and harassed by a h>ng and too often a seemiiiwr«.M.'k — tin' mutiuy nf his crow — iMid tlicii' r<' I If,'.' I tod hut linpfilv unsufTcs.sf'iil alteiiij»ts to aasa-jSi- iiiitc liim wliilc {.'otiIiiumI in ,i Ix-d oC sicknesa. TIh' rally Instdi'V ol tl)is isliniritish settlors wore eontiimallv disturbed by the attacks of the INlaroon po]»ulation (a. large body r)l' Spaniards, wlio with their negroes had taken refuge amongst the mountains) ; and it was not before 1795 that the last dosjx'rate struggle took place, when they wore removed by G(vvernmeut first to jN"ova Scujtia, and subsequently to Sierra Leone. Jamaica became the head-(piarters of th<' buccaneers or pirates "wlio infested tliose seas, and derivcid enormous wealth Crom the plunder of the Spanish cohuiies and of tlieir fleets ladou with the precious metals fur Eiu'ope, In 1002 the town ol Port Eoyal into wdiich the wealth of the buccaneers had been poured, and on whose shores their crimes and wicki'dness had so proudly triumphed, was suddenly destroyed by an awfid earthquake, by which 3,000 persons were instantly engulfed. Three tliousand more are said to have perished by a dreadful epidemic which succeedecL Li 1G91 an invasion of the French did much damage thoughout the island : and shortly afterwards T'ort Eoyal, which had begun to rise again near its previous site, ^^■as totally annihilated by the blowing up of some gun()0\vder. The present capital of Kingston rose in prosperity as Port Eoyal sunk under its repeated misfortunes. ■^nti ■#i«r*'" JAMAICA. 03 |j;iic of i)V tlio < ; ornl ut\\\ it ^vllole vci is M cou- JUnlisli Slaruuii negroes , 1 xifore L'V were uently pirates om the ',11 witli I Port >()mHHl, n.nidly iuke, by which. much s Port te. ^^'as r. The Royal rora(;onsi|)('ais to have luadc but slow pro^ricss there. In l<)tU Ho^'eii parishes were estaldisiicd : ntwhieli lime there \va^ only one ehnrih in the inland, uiid live ministers, two of wiiom wure Swihh. In lOTi) we lind fifteen |)arishe8, si.x eliurehes, jind t'our clergymen In the first ]tej)ort of tlie Society (for the year 1704) mention is made of a grant of r»/. to Jamaica, and the hrst missionary sent by the Society to the West Indies was the iiev, Mr. Sniitl), stationed in the Bahama Islands in \7:V2. From that time to tlie yeM 1810 the Society continued to maintain missionaries on those i lands (which onco formed a part of tlie diocese of .Jamaica), tliough the number at one timi! never exceeded live. In 1824 the Jlev. Christopher I.ipscombe ^vas consecrated first Bisliop of daiJiaica, and on his arrival found twenty-one ])arishes with a rector and enratt, in tb.e blessed truths of rhrirtlianity, according' to his orbiti-ary will and plcisure. Now, however, a greatly increased desire for reIi<;ious instruction was manifested everywliere by the eniuncijiated negroes, and the island clergy were utt(^i'ly unable to meet these growing (hnnands. For this purpose a s])ecial sum was raised, <;all(^d the Xc^gro Education Fund, towards which tlie Society contributed at first 5,000/. and the (christian Knowledge Society 10,000/. Altogotlier under this head the Society had expended, up to tiie time of its Jubilee in 1851, the sum of 172,000/. The day originally fixed for the termination of apprenti(M:shij) was anticipated by the impatience of the English people, and an Act of T*ailia,ment was passed wdiich set the slave population entirely free on the 1st of August, IS:U. How that lirat day of August, the day of omancijiation, was observed in these colonies we may learn from the Bishop of Barbados: — '* In one day— - m one raoni«;'nt — was this great measure carried into execution. Eight hundred thousand human beings lay doAvn at night as slaves, and rose in the morning as free as ourselves. It might have been expected that, on such an occasion, there would have been some outbreak of public feeling. I was present, but there was no gathering that affected the public peace. There was a gathering, but it was a gathering of old and young together, in the house of the common Father of all. It was my peculiar happiness, on that JAMAICA. Of) ineniombl'^ (lav, to luldro^^s a ('ointments which I. w^as enabhMl to make in conscjpience of the liberal grants made to t hih diocese by the Society for the Propagation of the (Iospel, to whose invalnalde assistance, ns well in this respect as in the erection of churedies and S(.'hools, and the aid given t^> ^'ergymen coming out from England, this diocese owes, un*Ier tlie divine blessing, much of its present prosi)erity. Early in 1840 the (olonial legislature doubled the number of island curacies, and at the same time increased the stipends : this measure has been productive of the greatest advantage. Since my first arrival in Jamaica twenty- three churches have been consecrated, and ten others are nearly completed" iWiiti mm or, WOHK IN' THE COLONIES. The IJight liev. Aul)rey (r. Spencer, who had been four years Bishop of jNewfoundland, wa;^ traushited to the vacant see of Jamoica. In ] 64:(> after ten yoaiN of niosl im[)ortant nssistanco to the cause of religious education in the West Iiulies, the grants of the Society for school purposes were Gradually withdiawn. In 1853 Jhshop's College was estal)lish<.'d for the training of missicniary and colouial rlergynien „ and for thi? purpose the Bisliop volunian]y surrendered his own residence f<.;r the term ol liis incunibejicj of the see, and removed to a small cottage in the vicinitv. Til the course of his last Visitation in 185 4, the Eishof) re- lates that he has "seen all but, ouo of 112 clergymen employed ill 104 churches in the diocese, has coidirmed 8,370 persons, consecrated twelve churches and burial-groioids, held three or- dinations, and prt^ached betwecni s(3venty and. eighty sermons, besides addressing the congregations and candidates for conhr- mation on several occasions, and examining the pupils in many of the schools." After up\vards of thirty years' labour in two widely different dioceses of the (colonial Church, Ihshop Spencer felt himseK constrained by the state of his health to withdraw from the active administration of his see, md a coadjutor, the Kight Kev. Eeginald. (Jourtenay, was consecrated Ihshop of Kingston, on the 24th of March, I Sod. In J >^^0 the Society granted allowances ol 50/. annually^ for each of tlie IVlissions of Manchioneal, Porus, and Bluetields, to enablti the Bishop to claim the assistance offered by the Govern- meiit, and to resume llie services of the Clmrch in these im- (»ortant paaces. In 18dl, at the earnest request of the Bishop, the Society promised an annual grant of 200/. towards the maintenance of .»«,***'.'- JAMAICA. 97 r years see of to the int.s of II. ihvj: of ise the (' term I'ottuge hop re- 1 ployed )er8ons, iree or- irinons, contir- luany lifterent Himself >m the it liev. on, on lllv, for ilds, to tovern- ?se im- >ociety mce of two missionaries in the northern part of British Honduras, for a native population of from 55,000 to ()0,0(KJ. AVith these exceptions the work of the Soeiety in the West Indies has l^een .ti^radually diminishing since the emancipation of the negroes, the dioceses having become settled Churclies with their regular organization, dc^pendent for their sujtj^ort on tlie liberality of the Colonial Gov(3rnment, and other lo.'.al sources. In 18G1 the Bahama Islands were separated from the diocese of Jamaica, and formed into a distinct diocese, which takes its name from Xassau, the capital city of the island of JSew Providence. The diocese of Jamaica contains an area of 71,734 square miles, and a population of 450,000 A small territory on the mainland of America, called British Honduras or Balizo. is in- cluded in this dio( ese. Jamaica is subdivided into four Archdeaconries, and the number of clergy iias now increased to 101, of whom seven are missionaries of the Society, which in 1863 expended 400?. in this diocese. There is a very extensive Nati(mal School establishment, n umbering in 1838 as many as 16,224 jnipils, and a Diocesan Church Society has also been formed, which gi'eatly promotes the spiritual welfare of this diocese. There are eighty-eight churches, and it is stated that out of the 13.5,v)00 members of onr Church, 25,000 are communicants. In 1863 and 1864 the reports from this diocese speak of adverse seasons and failure of crops, causing much distress and sickness and a great mortality, with a feeling of general dis- couragement and depression ; in conse(|uence of whi'-h the usual offerings for Church or cliarital)le purposes had almost failed, and collections had to be postponed. But even under circum- stances so adverse, evidences of zeal and liberality were not -Alttwi >'J.tn'=='L-iiA-f,.^' f}i ■■■i^i:r' 98 WORK IN THE COLONIES. wanting ; the mission r)f Keyiishain, besides raising large sums for local purposes, sent tin Jamaioa Jlome and Foreign Mis- sionary 8oci(^ty no less than li'7/. lOs. for the Pongas Mission, and from another mission, that of Blueticlds, is reported a col- leeti<:»a of above 9/. for the relief of tlie distressed operatives in Lancashire. 'Ill us it is evident that the Church is making gradual progress througliout the diocese, and it is hoped that the zeal and ability of its members will, through God's blessing, be so increased as to render them ere long indepenilent of even the limited assist- ance vvliich the Society now aflords. It has been already mentioned that the Baliaraa, Turks, and Caicos Islands were in 18G1 divided liom the see of Jamaica, and formed into tlie separate diocese of .Nassau. The Yen. Arclideacon Caulfeild was consecrated first Bishop on the 7tli of Xoveml)er, in that year, but after an interval of only a few months, the sad tidings of his death, from an attack of yellow fever, r«3ached England. Some time elapsed before his successor was appointed, but at length the Right Eev. A. R, 1\ \^ enables was consecrated at Land)eth on the 30th of Xovembor, 18G.3. In the account of Jamaica it has been stated that the first missionary ever sent to the Wi^st Indies by the Society (the Rev. Mr. Smith) was stationed at the Bahanui Islands in 1732 ; and froni that time the Society has continued to maintain mis- sionaries on these islands, though the number has never at any time exceeded five. The diocese of Nassau consists of tlie Bahamas, Turks, and Caicof: Islands. They are computed to be about 500 in number, ,~,„ttfmv*re^.s' ' NASSAU. liU sums Mis- Lssion, a col- ivett in cogress ability asod as . asslst- 'ks, and amaica, e Yen. le 7 til a, few yellow ,ed, hut rated at ,lie first ,ty (tlie 1732; liiii niis- at any rlcs, and number, and form a oliam i»i' .^I'oup of coral reofs, about »)<'•() iuilc;?, in leugtli, ('xtf very great im- r tWf ^^Hm ' * **-* ■'•■1«!i-*f--i>^ ;u»iii« '."■ti'aa'. 'i jaea ' ! igjBBS-JS-g; saaa 102 WOIIK IN THE COLONIES, poriancc to tlie cause of truf leligion, that the nninher of tho clergy sliould !)e iiicrca.sed. The ])oo])lo an willing to receive instructinn in divine things, and it will easily be perceived from tlie extent of the [>ari,shes j>Jaced under the eliarge of indi- viikials, that a very large proportion of the peopl>' niiLst for very long periods he left destitute of tho ordinary means of grace. 'riie Wesleyan IMetlKxlists foinia large and influential body in the nortli islands, aiidjiossess several < hapels. The Baptists also possess several chapels through the dilierent islands, but tho generality of their teachers have been very imperi'ectly educated. The S()cial and religious state of these islands deserves the attentioTj and prayerful regard of th»^ Church at home. In con- sequence of the Act of Emancipation the value of all landed property was greatly diminished, and in many cases estates once highly «mltivated have T)een abandoned and are now overgrown with forest, and. the possessors, formerly men of wealth and influence, reduced to poverty. The eX|)orts of sugar, cotton^ &c. have ceased, and the people are not al>le (even when willing) to assist in supporting among them ministers of the Church. They are now in a transition state passing from former slavery to (it is to je hoped) a future of industry and prosjterity. Tho success ot the measure of emancipation was greatly retarded by the admis- sion into England of slave -grown sugar on the same terms as that produced by free labour. The slave-owner can command labour, whereas he who must hire labourers, tinds in some localities an absolute im])ossibility ')f obtaining hands to perform the lal)0ur refpih'ed. Experience has shown that it was a vain expectation to suppose that the emancipated negro, wdio had been compelled by force to accomplish daily his stated tasi:, would prove aii jictive and laborious servant wdien the compelling power was removed, or that lie would voluntarily laboui' more tlian was necessary for his comfort and sustenance, and if not aiiorded ' tho •eivo from iudi- t for ;race. ily in ii also t tho sated. s tho 1 con- anded 3 once grown and n^ &c. ing) to They (it is ess ot dniis- s that hour, les an al)our tation pelled vo an r was was orded NASS.\ U. in:] iMhication and icli,i;ious instruction, the 'lay must !)•' far distant when the einarieipated negroes and their ehildien ran liecnme as industrious and liard-woiking as the peasant at home, fnth^etl without instruction this can never he reasonably «'X.peclt'd. Tliat emancipation was a great boon, and attended with unspt-akaljle blessings to all the negro j)opulation, is a fact tliat admits of n<» f[U(\stion, The condition of tlie free regro with that of the slave cannot for a moment bear comparison. Tliis diocese a(fc»rds an exanii)le of this. We hav«^ there n people, once shjves, now forming a peaceable and ordt ily community, anxious to receive both reHgious and secular instruction, anuuig wlion- crime in any Idgh degree is rare, and am*nig whom poverty is almost un- known.^ A clear idea of the dilhcultv ^'f a clergvman's work here is conveyed in the foUowing report of one of the missionaries of the Society : — *' Tlie character of the work here is a peeidiar one. Broken up into little islands as the Bahama group is, with wide passages betweciu, through which the great Atlantic rolls, with very j)Oor communications from island to island, with a widely scattered population, and with few labourers, clerical or lay, in the vineyard, it is no little dithcndty to itinerate among them : with an extensive district Ijut few visits can be made annually, and these so inr l>etween, that the missionarj^ work seems, at times, to be lost labour. Our visits from one island to another, and from one station to another, preaching and ba]»tizing the children, is something like a shepherd setting his mark upon his sheep and then letting them go in the Avilderness. Yet, not- withstaiiding the difhculties attending the work, 1 believe that some good is being done." ^ This iiitPicestiTii' ncomnit of iLv Diocese of Xassau is taken troiu the Mimoti Firldy vol. vii, p. 28. ' m ;r*v,^:»^>r-r»;)'7.<%rl^-»« •■' > 101 WORK rX THE COLONIES. BARBADOS. r>arl)a(l()s is the most ancient of all the Eritisl) colonies, Hio crew of an English wliip having taken possession of it in the year 1005, in the name of James I. IJy him it was granted to Lord Ley, who sent out a body of settlers in l()2r> ; l)iit in 1027 tlie Kaii of Carlisle ol)tained from Charles I. a grant of all the Carihbee Islands, including l)arbad(»s, which proved a fruitful soui'ce of dissension and misery to this island for many years. From 1641 to 1650, Philip Bell, a person of gi-eat zeal, up- riglitness and wisdom, was governor. In his time the island was di\'ided into eleven parishes, and a charcli an*' clergyman pro- vided for- each. In the unhappy reign of Charles I. many of the royalists took refuge here, and cimassed large fortunes ; but it was afterwards selected by Cromwell as a place of punishment for his Irish and English captives, who were sold for slaves. At this time the state of religion in Barljados was very deplorable, and the slaves were treated with great cruelty. The connexion of the Society with Tiarbados commenced in 17D, when it became trustee, under the will of General Cod- rington, for two estates in this island be(]^ueathed by him for Lho purpose of "maintaining professors and scholars" with the ulti- mate view of *' doing good to mens souls." In discharge of this trust the Ilev. rl oseph Holt was sent out as chaj)Iain and catechist in 1712. A college was built and opentMl(at hrst as a grammar- school) in 1743. Being nearly destroyed by a hurricane in 1780, its operation was suspendiid for nine years. Indeed at this time there was extreme danger of the pro])erty being utterly ruined and the trust becoming ba^T^irupt. By the judicious manag(^ment of ^Ir. Lraitliwaite, a settler on. the island, who rented the estates, and most liberally devoted the whole of the profits to the «'i^t«v >■»■-■. -j*i,'"vr s, the w the ted to 1027 ill the I'uitiul U'S. al, up- id was m pro- of the but it hment At oroblc, iced in l1 Cod- for i.he le ulti- f this ecliist mmiir- 1780, s time ruined enient d the to the 4 ■I I O BA5 1AT)'»« 105 restoration of the pro} eriy, tlie alliii of Co< rui^ton Collerjc (of wliiclj li( iiiiv justly Ik; regjirddi '^lo si*« ml tniuulcr) ^V(T0 again placed iii a situation not only of security, but of gi'ently increased etticiency. The College having been rebuilt, was used as a grammar school ]'or many years. I'ut at huigth it was determined, as the increased funds allowed it, to make it a [>liice of higher education. Accordingly, in 1S.3U, having bccji much enlarged, it was opened for the recei)tion of students of a more advanced age, with scholarshi])s and exhibitions which are free \Yiths, the nniuher of oh'ryy had ni-reased from tw<']ity-f(>m' tn hfty ; nl one ; of scliools, from twlve to 11'^; md of sclioh'irs, from oOO to njiwards of l.S,0OO. Friemlly societies had hrcn foriiicd to the rnnidMT of fifty. seven, consisting of more than 7,.')0n mcmhcrs ; whdo other rdi^dous and charitable insti- tutions had rithei been called uito hrijia^ (,]• mnltiplicd under his care. It was also by the advice of TUshop Coleridge that his largo diocese was bjokein up into thri-e, and h«' had the satisfaction of himst'lf assisting in the consecj-ation ')f his three Archdeacons, Tiiomas r.irry for r»,irl)adHS, |)ani('l (r.itvward I )aviB for Antigua, and AVilliam. i'ieicy Austin tor (Tuiana, on the 14th August, 1S42. The missionary sj)irit of this diocese, encouraged and su]>ported by +lie Ibstering care of the Society, has exerted itself in a deeply interesting work, namely, sending a mission dirct from the West Indian islands to the western <:oast of Africa. Barbados is the most easterly (^f ill these islands, and the noble institution of Oodrington College is placed upon the most easterly side of the island. The eye, therefore, looks irom it far 'iway over the wav(^s of the Atlantic, t'>wards the shore of Africa, so many of whose sons and their tbscein' vnts are now inhabitants of these western isles. It seems to be the spot then from which should first be heard, as it were, the ciy of tlieir distant T)rethren, " Come over and help us," from which also that cry should be UAH DA DOS. 107 an.s\v«'n»(l, aiul n Iniiid ui' lahourcrH go tortli, umlcr wIkisi'. ai;nn<'V, Willi tile ItlcHsiiig ot Aliniglity (Jod '-tlit: Mnrians' huiTl slmll soon" wu trust ''alrotcli out hot liamK unto ied . '' W^.; wisli to hiavcu I he West Indiaii dioceses with niissionarv teeliu'.'. We wish t(3 niako I' ' it a part ot" cveiy on».''H religion — in a poj.uhitiou derived Jiiainly Ironi Airica, and when not so , opposite in direetivni as in charai.*ter to the tralHc by which thea«i colonies wer(3 jxopled, sending back to Atrica as missionaries the descen- dants of those who were brought ovor here as slaves." *' The plan proj^osedis to form a well -chosen and large mission, with a variety of trades and handicrafts in it — elfe<.'tive school- masters, medical practitioners, mercantile clerks, carpenters, joiners, blacksmiths, and other mechanics, every one o. them qualilied to take Lis part in comnmnieatiag both religious and industrial habits to the natives. The wliole to be undev the superinten- dence of able whit<' clergy, the 'rank andUle' jeing negroes, the officers Euro[)eaiis.'' In pursuance of this [)lan, on the 1 Oth of June, 18:>l, the day of the Society's ju])ilee, the '• West Iiulian dnirch Society for the furtherance of the (losj3el in Western Africa" was founded in Barbados. England, too, assisted in this great work. . Nearly the whole pojudation of St. Lucia, and two-tlurds of that of (Grenada, consists of French Ivoman Catholics. In Trinidad also the majority of the ]-)0])ulation is Itomanist, but theie are more than 22,000 heathen immigrants Irom Africa, ( diina, and India, who are brought over to labour in the cane-tieids. To meet the spiriiual wants of these thousands of heathen immigrants, the Bishop has establiehed a Trinidad Missionary Association, and m^-n-^f^ '.juf'y;-.4ff: BAIlJ3xVD(^S. 109 :»al of L lor a lul in epart- lingly ac(">ck, .11. A. •use. settle to the s noble ;e)nents ill best V tVica. of the 'ly the renaila, so the more 1 India. leet tbe its, the on, and the Society to show its sympathy and goodwill in 18(32 ])romised an annnal grant ol 100/. to its funds. With the exception of this grant the Society can no longer claim any direct share in the work of the (yhurcJi. in liarhados, with which it is now connected, mainly as trustee of the estates of fodrington College; but it- may not uureasouably connect wliatevcr i. a missKtnary for a few years, it has led to the permanent onher Codrington) and becam(^ the residenc(.- of hmiself and all succeeding gov- mors of the Leeward Islands. In 1G81 Antigua was divided into five parishes ; a church was erected in each, and [>rovisioii made for their support by the Legislature. <^,«j«.Jt«>»*-'''^'' ANTIGUA. Ill In th(3 first Ro]nyrt of the Society (for 1701) montion is uuule oi' a (^a'aiit of 20/. to the clergy' of this island. To tho honour of tho people of Auti<.{iui, il slioviUl 1).- reeorded that after having Ijeen long distinguisiu'd lor thcii tMideavours to mitigate, i,]ic liorrors of .slavery, and to exletid tlinL^ their coloured d(»pendenr-. tliey were the first to pass an Act f.r the eniancipatiiscopat(i (wliich was yet long enongli to endear him groatlv to the peo])le) fell a victim to yellomniica is very rugged and mountainous, but it is well watered, and especially famous for its coffee. Of its 20,000 inhabitants, only 700 belong to the Church of England; some 10,000 are really or nominally Iloman Catholics, there are also many vii '.t ...•■-.j.-y!^'*'-*'^'"^'^' » ANTIGUA. 113 WeKsleyans ; tlie propoinJerance of Eomaii CathoHca is to b*; ac- counted for from tliis Laving been so long a French island — it was only ceded by France to England in 1703. Some twnty five are ijdiabited. Those in the possession of Great Ihitain are about lifty in niunber, but nu)st of them are siuall, comprising in all a surface of about ninety square miles — less than half the size of Rutlandshire. The islands of 8t. Croix aii< 1 8t. Thomas belong now to Denmark, but the king has placed the English Church in these islands under ihe care of the l^ishoj) of Antigua. There are only thirty clergymen in this diocese, two of these being mis^ ionaries of the Socii^ty. This a])p(virs a small numlDer for so large a poiuilation, but these islands liave suffered a great deal from the natural visitations of eaithi|uakes and hurricanes, and also from the same outward attacks and internal disturb- /mces to which all the West Indian Ir lands have, more or less, been subjected, and which have been already described in the accounts of Jamaica and Barbados. And waiting in 8():i, the IJi^^hop describes the colony as having '' recently suffered much distress, both commercial and agricultural — the former consequent principidly on the Idock- ade of the southern states of America, with wliich so much of the trade of the islands was carried on ; the latter on the low prici'S to which West India produce has for some time been reduced." But there seems reason, to hope that th(^ P^^ople of Antigua are exerting themselves actively and successfully in the cause of religion. Of their ]»ast (^xertions we may find a pleasing proof in the following interesting (and instructive) accouiit of 1 le ptnnod, to raise means for its i-rection. hi 1847 the congregation niiitod m laying hy cnch a sum, not less than a halfpennv, and not exc<;o(ling a shilling, a week In this way, in a years time, about i/)()L A\as 'collected A general appeal was then made tliruughout the itdand, Avliici:. brought alx)ut 1,000/. more. "With this, ad«#.■■*#•. r- ;ife GUIANA. li'j from ^vllicll the chicr part ul the foregoing account ol' tliLs dist.int country has been dcrivocl Our missions huvo boon princi|)ally Jiroctctl to lour »>t the many iTulian tri])e.s,tli(' Arawak^, Waraws, ( 'aril)s,an(l Wacuwoios. The tirst throo of tlioso, though r'-siding closi' togi-tln-v, as th<'y have done for tlit- hist three centuries, si)»':ik totally diU'crent languages. Th<', Arawak is the most numerous and tho U>ast harharoua of all the triljos ah; ,' th" coast. Their settlements lie in an exteiuh-d Unci, within 100 miles of the sea. The Waraws conui next 'fheir settlements are very numerous jih^ng the swampy coast district IVom the I'onieroon to the Orinoco, the delta of whiiih scenis to be their heatl-ijuarters. They pos- sess some good 'qualities, but are dirty and improvulent. The Oaribi tribe, famous in history, and regarded by th«3 rest with awe, even when now verging to extinc'tion, is the next in ortlei, their settlements lying more inhuul than either of th(i former. Their numbers are now smnll, and rapidly diminishbig. Tho Wacawoios are the most wandering in their habits of all the tribes. They 8j)eak a dialect of the Caribese. In 1 842 the ilev. W. 11, P. Austin, who had for some time been Archdeacon, was consecrated liishop of Guiana. In 1841 (Jueen's College was founded at (leorge Town, to which the Society made a grant of 500/. : the liishop himself gave two separate donations of 500/., and the contributions of the clergy of the diocese (though enjoying far from superabundant incomes), amcjunted to above 800/. Prom various causes this colony has gradually declined in prosperity of late years, in consequence of which the Legislature in 1848 withdrew some of the support hitherto given to the ecclesiastical establishment. This measure has added consider- ably to the difficulties of the Bishop and his clergy. In 1851 a Diocesan Church vSocietv was established in CJuiana, -» *:\->~' 1 ■ ^^.. JWmseHLiiS&fMs ":-sm B m i r.mtmm 120 WoilK IX THE COLONIES. and there has also been a flourishing branch association of the Society for tlie Pro])agation of the Gospel in operation here for some time, which has been enabled to remit a considerable sum to the Parent Society. In 18f)2 the Society was enabled with the full concurrence of the Bishop to reduce its annual grants to this diocese by more tlian one half. Four clerg^nien and three catechists are still aided by the Society to the extent of 510^. per annum. The support of the Legislature and local contributions are taking the place of these grants. ** Our Church Society," writes the Bishop, " is gradually increasing its funds. Hitherto its means have been chiefly used in the building of chapels and school- houses, but J trust we shall soon have it in our power to give assistance towards increasing our stafi' of catechists." The total number of clergy in Guiana is thirty-two, besides the Bishop and two j^ rchdeacons. Of these, eight are missionaries of the Society, some labouring amongst the mixed population of the more cultivated parts of tlie country, whilst others are pro- ceeding with the work begun and carried on so indefatigably amongst the Indians by the Eev. W. H. Brett, who has been compelled by ill-health to resign his post. He is now minister of St. IMatthew's, Demerara, whence he from time to time visits the scene of his former labours ; and is also furthering the good cause by preparing a translation of the Gospels into the Arawak language. These Missions have been carried on with varying success ; at times they have appeared to languish, and have even been temporarily abandoned from the difficulty of finding missionaries for this trying sphere of Libour. But they are now again flourishing, nd altogether a largo number of Indians have emljraced the Gospel, and been baptized. How well these \)Ooy Indians have learnt the great lesson of Christianity — to help others at the cost of considerable denial of I miin iwfinfiiiMiaMWfwKl— »*WWW GUIANA. 121 themselves — was shown hy the -willmg contiibiition oi' the Caribs and Aiawaks to the Patriotic Fund lor the i-eUef of sntierers in the late Criniean war, which was tlius related by the Kev. J. Wadie, at tliat time missionary at Mornea : — " These poor people were Hterally without food, except the casualties which the forests alford, the heavy rains liaving completely destroyed their cussava, their great stay of life, before half grown. Yet these distr(\ssed creatures, haggard, careworn, with all the api)earance ol' hunger depicted in their faces, day after da.Y brought in their contriljutions to the fund. Many of them told me 'they no eat cassava (food) three days;' and still the money produced l)y their kdjour was devoted, and that most cheerfully, to comfort the heart of the widow and the fatluvrless stranger in a distant la)id. It must be borne in mind that the subscriptions, amounting to little more than 200 dollars, have been collected from a section of the ])Oorest and smallest part of British Guiana." To a considerable extent this may be considered a ^Missionary Diocese, and it may therefoi'e foi* some years to come have to depend upon, the Society's help for reclaiming and instructing the native tribes. But sure and encouraging evidence of pro- gress in the work of the Church may be gathered from the charge delivered by the Bishop at the commencement of the pawSt year (1864). The formation and harmonious working of a Diocesan Synod, in which clergy and laity unite to discuss questions of practical importance, the increasing efficiency of the Church Societv, the almost universal establishment of the weekly offertory, and the consequent iiKtrease in the amount of alms dedicated to Christian uses, and the encouraging aspect of the IMission among the ( 'hinese immigrants, are the topics of chief interest in the statement of the I'ishop. His lor«lsliip also expresses his conlident hope that m some three years from this t 122 WORK IX THE COLONIES. r i '. time the whole of the aid now given by the Society may safely be discontinued. That a considerable reduction of grants may at the proper time be effected, not only witliout injuiy, l)ut with real advantage to the Missions to which it is applied, is aptly shown in a statement contained in the last report of the Ivcv. H. J. May, After relating some facts illustrative of the liberality of the people at the Kiblerie Mission, (but 'Svlio must still look for some considerable help, as it will be impossible for those who now do so much to do more,' ) he says, *'The proprietors of the estate on which the church is buiit have given an extra 50/., and another proprietor has also given an extra 15/., since your Society withdrew GO/, of its old grant ; thus have they shown their care for theii own people ; but this church as well as St. Andrews's is a district church, and has a population of 1,705 soids ; the latter has a population of more than 2, -400, I mention this to show that many others are benefited as well a?^ their own p(!ople." In this case the withdrawal of 60/. has actually elicited aid to the amount of 6oL liberally contributed by proprietors on the spot. Surely, we may conclude in the words of the Rev, W. H. Brett, — "Kit please God to spare our health and lives, we may hope to see much fruit to the glory of His name from these Missions : but while we endeavour faithfully to do our Master's work, we must leave the event in His hands, and say as He has taught us, ' Thy will be done ! ' " CAPETOWN. 123 <'ITArTER YTIL WORK IN AFRICA. CAPETOWN — GRAIIAMSTOWN XATAL — ST. HELENA — CENTRAL APR IC A — O RANG E R IVER. . H. may Ifeter's has \ CArp:TOAVN. The Capo, of (Jofxl Hope was discovered by Bartholomew Diaz, in the year 1487, and called by him Cabo de los Tnrmen- tos — the Cape of Storms — but its name was changed ]\y his master, the King of I'ortiigal, to the one of better omen which it now hears. No Enro])ean settlemfmt was formed in the country until 16^52, when the Dutch East India Company planted a colony there ; and from the Dutch it passed iinally under the power of the British Crijwn in 180G. A colonial chaplain was appointed soon afterAvards ; hut for a . considerable period little interest was felt in the religious condi- tion of the population, and no effort w^as made for the conversion of the heathen. In 1820 the Society sent out thi^ Rev. AV. Wright to Cape- town, where he was succeeded in 1831 l)y the Rev. Dr. E. J. Burrow, In 1810 a seciond clergyman was added to the Society's list. In 1847 not more than ten or eleven churches had heen erected, and there vrovQ found in all only thirteen clergymen i _ ism m»iA\wmmmmm9m0tmmtim^mmm»m99mMmfff^ifim^aam . ^^ -».... — J.*. 124 WORK IX THE COLOXIES. and one catcclnBt ministering to widely-scattered congregations throughout a territory whieh (exclusive of the subsequfjnt addi- tions of IJritish ]\.affraria, tlie Sovereignty and Natal) was as large as Great Britain itself, and contained 200,000 souls. In vain had the colonists petitioned for the appointment of a Bishop ; for this blessing tliey were at last indebted to the munificence of an English lady, Miss Burdett Coutts, the foundress, as we have already seen, of the Bishoprics of Adelaide and Columbia. On St. Peter's-day, 1847, the Kev. Eobert Gray was 'conse- crated ]3isho]) of Cax)etown, in Westminster Abbey ; and arrived in his new Diocese on the L'Olh of February, 1848. Of the melancholy condition ( ''he Church in this colony at that time, some idea may be foi vl from the following state- ments extracted from a speech delivered by the newly-conse- crated Bishop before leaving England : — " When we took this colony, we found that the Dutch had taken pains to provide their own people — 50,000 souls — with something like a reli- gious establishment, there being from thirty to thirty-tive churches with the same number of clergymen. It was agreed that their religious establishment should be continued as before, and it is maintained at a great cost by the Colonial (Tovernment. We have now had possession of the (Jape for upwards of forty years — we have been bi'inging into it a number of emigrants, 40 or 50,000 souls, — and what has been done to supply them ■with clergy, churches, and schools ? All that has been done by the mother Church in this country has been to provide three clergymen (of the remainder, eight are supported by the colonists and two by the War Office) — not a single schoolmaster — nor have any funds been raised for the erection of a church or schools. There are not less than twelve distinct Protestant Missionary bodies labouring at the Cape of Good Hope, and the CAPETOWN. 125 Church of England has not been amongst that number. Those who are not in communion with our (Jliurch spend 20,000/. a year at the colony, whilst we spend but 500/. ; and there are not less than 200 missionaries labouring at the ('ape, to extend, imper- fectly it might be, the Christian religion, such as tliey believed it to be in its truth, whilst the Church of England has done nothing more than has been stated. The consequence is that a very fearful amount of destitution prevails in the colony, ^lore- over, about 5,000 troops were at this time engaged lighting the battles of their country, and shedding their blood in defence of the border territory ; yet there was not one single clergyman of our Church to minister to the spiiitual wants of those brave men who were living and dying, literally without God in the world. During all this time the Hottentots were attended by their instructors, and the ^Mahometans by their priests ; Christian England alone suffering five thousand of her children to go forth shedding their blood in her defence without caring whether or not they were attended by God's ministers, whether they lived and died like Christians, or whether they descended to the grave like the beasts which perish. Besides all this, when the English entered upon that colony they found various tribes of the heathen, not less than 100,000 souls, not including the Kafirs, who numbered 100,000 more, nor the inhabitants of Port Katal, wdio may be estimated at 60,000. Now what had the Church done, during the last half century, for winning these men over to the faith of Christ from the degradation in which they had existed? Why, nothing ; whilst the Mahometans had been exercising great diligence in spreading a knowledge of their taith. This was a disgrace and a fact the equal of which the Jiishop could not find in the annals of the Colonial Church , he could not find a similar fact stated where the Cliurch was out-stripped by Mahometans in its career of good deeds." ,.,.„,,> .,.«# \' ^J^^.-*«*^»^,-«^-^»M*V »• - 126 WORK IN THE COLONIES. In the change which has been r^ffectcd in this sad state of things it is most gratifying to sne how the presence of a ftiiiglo man fiill of zeal for the gh>ry of God and the extension of Christ's kingdom can, with the blessing of (Jod, infuse life and <'iiergy wherever he goes in the ex(,'r(.'ise of liis Apostolic functions. AVithin three years the Bishop made four visitations of his extensive diocese ; — the clergy were multiplied nearly fourfold ; — new churches sprang up in every direction, and the colonists exhibited their sense of the benefits conferred upon them by making some efforts on their part to correspond with those of the Church at home. A collegiate institution, was established at Woodlands, near Capetown ; a mission was organized to the Mahometans in and about that city, and other missions on a scale of unusual magnitude were contemplated to the bitherto irreclaimable Kafirs, and the more hopeful and teachable Zulus. The Society from time to time largely assisted the infant Church in this colony ; in 1849 by an addition of 500/. annually for five years its grants to the diocese were raised to ],000l, a year; in 1851 a sum of 1,000/. was granted from the JubileO Fund in aid of the college at Woodlands ; and as soon as the subdivision of the diocese was decided on, the Society granted 5,000/ for a Bishopric at CJrahamstown in the east of the Cape Colony, and the balance of the Jubilee Fund which remained unappropriated — amounting to about 1,500/. — was voted to the projected See of JS'atal. Bishop Gray thus expresses his sense of the general services of the Society : — " I have been enabled to bear testimony in many places to the fact that the Society is the mainstay of the whole Colonial Church ; that in proportion as its means are enlarged, so will the Church in each distinct extremity of the British empire expand, and enlarge her borders ; while, if it be feebly supported, the daughter ( 'hurches m distant lands must proportionably suffer : that the Society has the CAPETOWN. 127 tte of ; iuan irist's tioiis. if his 'fold ; onists }.ui by .oso of lied at to the s on a itherto Zulus. stroiig'^.st clamis upon tlie lumrty 3yiiii»atliy and su]ip.tit of the C3\aieh at large, luasumcli ,is it conies rocoiimu^ndcd by the •whole Kpi.^copat«'i wliethei of tlie niotlier cnnutry or of the colonies ; and lias been, beyond every ntlier merely human insti- tution, most abiiridanlly blessed in its laboui's, so as to have been the honoured instrument of ]>lantin<:^ llourishin«.^ CbiD'ches in many of the dependencies of the iJritish Crown. Were there indeed one thiii^^ wldcli, as a Missionary llislio]) just about to depart for the lield of his labours, I would iniplor(4 of the 'hureh at horn- it would be, t" place at the disposal of tlie Society a niucli laigei income than it has hitlierto don(3, that it may be enabled to meet the e^er increasing necessities cd' the Churcli in our colDuial empire.'"' ■^i'lie iuii'OiUnt nieasurt; oi the subdivision of the diocese was carried into effect in 1853, and the Bishop of ( 'apetown returned to Africa at the close of that year relievi^d of a portior. of his overwhelming burden, and m some degree restonxl to health by his sojiuirn in England. In February, IBoO, the Bishop visited the little island of Tristan d'Acunha, and et»niirmed thirty persons. In 1857 the Society was ennbled to place an additional sum of 1,20<)/, a year, making in aP 1,8(M>/^. at the disposal of the Bishop for the sui)port of missions in his diocese; during the ensiung three years. In the following year this grant was in- creased to 2,300/. and an extra grant of 300/. a year was voted towards the maintenance of a college for the education of the sons of .Vfrican chiefs. In l8ol) th(? island of St. Helena was divided from thti diocese of Capetown and formed into a st^parate liishopric. In 1801 the diocesan synod which had at iirst met with some opposition, assembled for the second time at (.'apotown. Dr. Livingstone visited England ana drew attention to ih- vast tield I 128 WORK IN THE COLONIES. open for missionaries^ in the interior of Africsa, and pjreat intorost was universally felt in the noble undertaking of the mission from the Universities of Oxford, (Jamlrndge, Durliam, and Duljlin, to Central Africa. The event which distinguished this year was the consecration of Archdeacon Mackenzie as ^lissionary liishop for tlie Zambesi and adjacent districts. In 18()2 the Society grantea out of the Endowment Fund a sum of 2U«I^. t(t meet the munilicent gift of 1,000/. from the Baroness Yon Lu5R4:; rf^"f^' ,■ ■• -v-.«,«<^ CAPETOWN. 120 tcrest. ission , and ;1 thia Lonary imd a rn tlie ndow- )0,000 Great 47,000 by the Inglisli, I streets m tlie and in } level, Inime- jtH'ting itli its forty- >(-)ciety, 18G3. I CO liege betown Iressing :e. were total Lioeese for tlic viiriuiw Cluin'l) objt^cts, was 0,G1S^. ; and tlic .^nbs('ri)>tions of tlu' iiu'iubcrs of the (.'huiT'li towards tin* support of tlioir teacli(;rs hus steadily iiicreasrd uacli year since I lie nislmjtric was cstahb'slied. The prcstrnt state of the colony will bo best ascertidned from a fcAV extracts f mil I tbe liisbop's letters: — "After the erection of tlie new sees, there were left to the diouese eighteen parislies on the Continent " (since increased to twentydive). "In all of these parishes, with a sniglc oception, churches have been erecte<' <>r are in the course of erection, Altoiicther, I believe not less than 38,000/. has been s[)ent upon churches sincci the foundation of the see of Cajx'town, in the undivitled diocese. The sum is a large one, but tli(i ct.st of building made it neces- sary : 1,200/. or 1,500/. is easily spent upon a vc.'ry small church when the wages of the builders are nine shillings a day, as is the case at this moment. Having comphted their churches, several of the parishes are next applying themselves to the erection of schools." ..." Every parish, except where the clci'gyman's income is altogether provided by (Toverument, contributes to- Avards the support of its minister, 'llus is done <'hielly through the weekly offertoiy, which is the only source of revenue wliich can easily be depended on, and which seldom fails. In illustra- tration of what is doing in this wa}^, 1 may mention that in a church in this neighbourhood capaldi^ of holding about 200 persons, the' collections amount to three pounds each Sunday ; in another capable of holding eighty, to about one pound ten shillings; while in the cathedral, inclusive (»f special sermons, the amount has been 500/. and with the pew rents and suTjscrip- tions 1,200/. in one year." ..." Having now provided to a certain extent for the more pressing spiritual wants of the English people, we are enabled to turn more of our attention than we have hitherto done to the work of the conversion of the K I 4 - -■- , -«•— cT--^?"' '^ >V* —.-^ j l rf^^ SM^. w^^rmmmm^m:*^^ «5SW|| 130 WORK IX THE COLOXIES. \ 1 ¥ lieathon and ^Maliomftniis.'' . . . '* Xotwitli.stiUKlin^- all tluit liiia ]>e«i) done by ntln'r ivligimis Ixidies, to wIjodi all hnnour is due for their aluiiidaiit ]al>onrs, tlin In-atlii'ii in this dioccso arc not yet h.ilf cuiiverlcd to tho I'aith, nor is thcru anything like an ad(.M|Uiite systom of instruction provided for tlieni ; and 3'(3t they are craving for more light and knowledge." . . . "If 1 had sulhciont funds to warrant my dohig so, antl had an adequate .supply of men for tlie work, J would purchase farms in did'crent parts uf this eoimtry— locate the coloured people upon them — sell to the more industrious of them the land ])iecemeal, build a school and r-liurch on each station, and thus gradually form native villages and parishes. This would re(iuire an outlay of capital at first, but might l>o made in time, to a very great extent, solf-su])porting. I believe that very many of the yet unconverh'd heathen in this counti'y might be Cluistianized in this way. It is upon this plan that we hoi»e to jiroceed at Schoonberg." . . . "At present, oui* efforts for the conversion of the coloured race are upon a ver^' small .scale, and utterly unworthy of the Church of England ; and yet we are not in a condition to increase our labourers. The great practical difficulty which stands in our way is that of language. This can only be overcome in time. Some of the clergy are gradually act [ui ring the Dutch language, and will, I trust, ere long be al)le to declare to the heathen in their own tongue the WTinderful works of (lod. If I had the men and the means of maintaining i-h(»m, I could easily employ, in fields now oj)en to us, a large additional staff of religious instructors to the heathen. It is not easy to meet with duly qualified agents for such a work here. 'J'ill our own college shall have sullicient time to bear its fruits, and furnish us with a supply of m(>n duly qualiiied to serve Crod in the ministry of His Church, Ave must continue to look to the Church at home for our fellow-helpers to the truth. Much has been •:m^*^'' i iiiiiii I iiifcJttfcitAiwMUMr n.s men or ( v> I , '"'^ ''^ n-cru to,) hy ., ,• „ 'Hu "1 (,0,1, ^vJio art; willi,,.. in ..^... ^ '^ '"*^^' "^f^i'*' ii^u oi 1,0(1, wJio are wfllin.. *^ -^ '^ '"*^^' »ioro « ack to .,e.d fo,,]. lallt t^tf fV - ^'''"-'' -- '^'ow and place ; and it i,, iu,pos,si ,]? ' t'7 ^^ ' ''""■^'' ''-vant , V ""^'' ''' ^'' ^'"' '"''^t "f their ^e «n; «>fluen.o of the C h 'iTf. " "l" """' ''"*'•* ««"» "••"^ «« ; may again, if r "t^'t i? "'''""^ ""''■>' '^«^«"«' "»« ' at the present day, y,t nx the next i/ ll 132 WrJlK IN THE COLONIKH. generation, worBliin witliin tlie Churcirs fold — rejoin tlic Cliurcli ^vlli('ll lost tlieiu, in a ^w.d iiicnsure, tVoin licr own ne/^lcct, and thus loi-vvai'd (! reali/cd, three missionaries eonneeted with diHerunt hodies of diss(.'uteis having already offi^red themselves to the liisliop for ordinatioTi in the English ( hunh. "Happily this vast district has of lato years enjoynd tho blessing of most excellent supervision. The lUsho]) of (Jape- town has undergone ahundant labours in the (diurch's cause, and has .stirred u}> the h<,\arta of th(> people to a greater devotion, and to a livelier i'aith and love. So also has Archdeacon ]\Icr- riman manfully done Ids part, toiling in the noblest spirit, showing an exam]de of sell-denial and devout courage, that carries back the thoughts to the early ages of the (.'hurch, wlien the Cliristian character was manifested in its primitive zeal and purity. l^•,rhaI»s few missionary journals will create a stronger or a deeper intere>->t than that of the Archdeacon, which hn« bonti recently published ^ — few journals will fill the hearts of English Churchnnui with more liope for the future, than th;it which shows such a cliaracter in these modern times ; enduring hard- ness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ, wearing his cross for Clirist's sake, holding his life clieaj), enduring luuiger and want, perils and privations, in an age proverbial for its softness and self-indulgent ways.' ' ^ On St. Andrew's day, 185.3, the Rev. J. Armstrong was con- secrated iiishop of Grahamstown, in Lambeth Church. Towards the endowment of the see the Society for the Propagation of ^ ''Tlie Kafij', the Hottentot, and the Frontier Farmer." 2 Vide Monthly Record for 1853. aUAIIAMSToWN. 133 Tcll iti'vil ;omu )cUc3 ah op [ tho "japc- ^ausc, otion, Mcr- spirit, , that when al aiKl li'onger Iq hp'm luglish which hard- iss lor want, and i« con- |)wards lion of I tho Gospel coiitrihiittMl r),(ll)0/. from its Jiihili'o Fund, and \\w. SuL'ioty tor I'roniolini; ('liristiiin Knowk'd;,^!, 2,000/. At tliis tinio tlnirc ^v(n•o sixli'ou rU'i'^^meu at work in the dioceao, and only six ehurolies. Tlie liishop iirrived ai Ciraliainstown in Au«onie LherB teome Inner Iding b we GRAIIAMSrOWN. 1 35 near of dry, "withered plains, of rngged hills, and nioiintain^, on which not a tlowov ui' leaf is to be seen. The cliiuatt' i^^ most exquisite, tho wiut^-r bring mild, and the sumiiuT being fresh- ened by cool nights, so tliat Archdeacon ]Meriiman says lie found it warmer in winter and cooler in summer than he ex- pected. Travellers speak ol' the great fatigue wliicli ili».'y arc enabled to go through under" such a sky ; and English consti- tutions are not only fitted for it, but commonly gain in point of strength, however th<*y may love the homes in their own danq> and uncertain climate. Grahamstown itself cctntains a population of about o,0«iO souls, and is a pleasant, thriving town, with orchards and gardens attached to the houses, and boasting of the most luxurious vegetation. The (Jhurcli Kafir Mission for the natives in and near Grahamstown has been signally blest since its establishment in 1860. On AVhitsunday, 18(12, the bishop bai)tized seventeen natives. The day and night schools have continncd full to overflowing. The Sunday and weekly services are well attended. A separate chapel for divine service is much needed, and when it is completed, means will be taken gradually to relieve tin; funds of the Society of the charges of the missionary's salary, and to make this a strictly African mission, '^upplifd from African funds alone. The plainest brick building, to accom- modate 300 people will, at colonial prices, cost about t;0(V. The population, consisting of a mingled race of English, Dutch, Kafirs, Hottentots, and Fingoes, is estimated at .*U<),(iOO souls. There are now forty three clergymen in the diocese, twenty-nine of whom are missionaries of iho Society, which in 18G2 expended f, 880/. here. In Grahamstown a. d Kairraria eight large niLssions have already been established, an<^ the Society lias been enabled to penetrate into Independent Katfraria, but its funds are insufficient to allow of its doing more than make a r\ Hi 136 WOKK IN THE COLONIES. beginning in that vast, populous, and fertile country. The govern- iiiont grants for missionary purposes have been already partially withdrawn ; a cL^ar account of the results produced by thorn is given in a letter written by the Bishop to the present Governor on the subject. Speaking of the origin of this assist- ance, the Bishop says : — "This aid was in the first instance ofTored by Sir (Ji^orge Grey to my predecessor, ]3ishop Armstrong, on the condition of the Church of England establishing missions among these tribes. Five missions were at that time formed, amongst which the grants were divided, and were expended in eivctmg school-buddings on sites approved by the Governor, or school establishments, and in farming operations, 1»y which the natives were to be trained in industrial j^ursuits. In 1857, however, at the time of my arrival in this colony, the state of British Ivaffraria and of the territory across the Kei became completely changed by tlie famine whicli followed the extra- ordinary destruction by the Katirs of their cattle and stores of corn. The population round two of our mission stations entirely disappeared, so that they were abandoned ; the mission establishments were, transferred at considerable expense to other sites ; and th<^ land cm whirli they stood with th(3 remains of the builtlings, was sul)sequently granted by the Katfrarian ^xovern- mi'ut to European l^iriners, withoiit any compensation to the missions. Tlie balances of tin? grants remaining at the eom- menc«'ment of 1857 were applied by me with the (Governor's a])proval, on the one hand to the maintenance of alxjut 300 native children, whom the fnnine had placed in our hands j on th*- other in providing industrial em})loyment for some of the starving ])eople, so as to induce them to ;.ettle on our mission stations, and thus bring them under hunumi/ing in- fluences. A grant of 1,000/. a year wns afterwards made by Sir(.Jeorge Grey fur scJiools on the St. Mark's station, iji the ^. ..f.vir-.ii „„•»«*»*>' GllAHAMSTOWX. 13: rn- illy LClll lent =ist- LllCC ions ned, d in raor, 'liicli [857, itc of '.came &xtra- tores tions ssioii i>tlier f tllB vcrn- ) tlic »:oni- ■nor's 300 iiudH ; ic of I our |g in- lo, by h tlie TraTi^koian territory, which in 1859 received also 500/. addi- tional, to encourage agriimlture among the natives settled on that station. AuK^ng three sehcols in Lritish JvalTraria itself, 900^. a year was divided. This amount of 2,400/. a year, wos reduced in the year 18(52 to 1,5U0/. St. jMark's station was originally selected, as being near to Kreii's great place. A large grant of land was made there by Kroli to the mission before the famine. There is now a pojiuliition on this station of about 1,200 natives, of whom 1,000 are traleka Kaiirs ; and of these more tluui one-third are now ba[)tized Christians, and the rest are subject to the laws of the station, which re«piire atttiudance at school, and forbid immoral customs. IJesides the day-schools, which are attended by more than 300 children, there is a sewing school of eighty girls and y'^iung women, and more than sixty young men are iuvstructed in diilerent trades. During the past year work to the value of 170/. was }»roduced by the indus- trial classes. The industrial instruction has not continued long enough to produc(; skilled W(jrkmen, although some of the young men .night already find employment as mechanics. But it must be ol)served that every Kajir irho learns a trade is an element of peace in this country. As in other parts of Africa the encourage- ment of legitimate commerce is the best antiilote to the slave- trade, so the best security against Kafir wars — the fruitful source of which has l}een a desire for }>1 under in order to purchase wives and obtain influence by tlieir possessions — is to confer on the natives the ]>ower by skilled labour of gaining a liveli- hood, and accumulating property for themselves, and so to make them contributors to the general wealth of the country, instead of its destroyers." The most promising of the Society's mis- sions to the heathen strictly within the limits of this diocese, ap])ears to be that of St. Matthew, Keiskamma lloek : each report from the liev. W. (Ireenstock tells of energetic work in > t '•""'•'?<*'i«^ 138 WORK IN THE COLONIES. variolic? directions, and ^'enerally of the accession of a few more adult Kafirs to the fold of Christ. The efforts which he is making to render the infant Church self-supporting and self- pro])agating, by the institution of unpaid native teachers, deserve warm sympatliy and encouragement. Specimens of Kadr tractt< printed at the ^Mission press have been sent home by ^Fr. Greenstock, who has also published a Kafir almanack. In a diocese containing so many thousand heathen it is obvious that much must be left to native teachers, and the .Bishop consequently is most anxious to secure their competence and efficiency by a careful training in the Grahamstown Institu- tion devoted to that purpose, and in wliich eleven Kafir boys are now being educatecl. The Iiev. II. Woodrotfe, the Principal of this institution, has just completed the translation of the Prayer-book into Kafir. All tliis progress is surely encouraging, but much remains to be done. In his last letter to the Society the lamented Pishop Armstrong w^rote : — '^ I wish that in God's name a noble band of some twenty of our brethren would offer themselves, and come out together, and together take spiritual j^ossession of this countiy, that they might with many A'oices preach the saving doctrines of the Cross." And a missionary writes from his re- mote station : — " The mission-field seems boundless. The skirts of every mountain, and the baidvs of every river are crowd(id with living souls, without any one to point the way." Let us liope that as the country itself, laid prostrate by the late fearful war and ftimine, Aveakened, impoverished, and distressed, can do but little for itself, the present energetic lUshop may meet with such generous help from England, such bountiful almsgivings, as may strengthen his hands and enable him to bring all the blessings of the Church to all the dark sons of Africa, as Avell as to their European brethren dwelling in that distant land. )r6 13 elf- 3rs, of )me tick, ions hop and titu- boys cipal [ tlie i\s to |ishop band come this bving [is re- ikirts l\vd(^d .et ns barfiil in do Avith things, LI tlio Avell NATAL. N A T A L . 130 Xatal derives its name (Terra Xatab's) from tlie fai't of its having been discovered l)y the Portuguese iiavigat 'r, A'asco di Gama, nn Christmas day, 1107. Iso European settlement appears to have been formeil in lliis country until the present century. In 1835 the llritish settlers having gradually increased, the town of Durljan was founded. In August, 1837, the Eev. F. Owen with his wife and sister, landed at Port I^atal as the first missionaries of the Church of England to the Zulu Kahrs. They had been despatched by the Church Missionary Society, and conmienced a mission near the town of Unkunkinglove ; but in the following February a dreadful event took place, which at once Ijrokc up the mission. This was the massacre of seventy Dutch boers, with their chil- dren and Hottentot servants, by order of the barbarous chief of the Zulus; and Mr. Owen and his family escaped witli their lives (though with the loss of most of their property) to Port Natal, and immediately sailed away from the desolated coast. The Church Missionary Society abandoned their mission to the Zulus, and it has never been resumed. About this time (1838) a large body of Dutch boers being discontented with the British Government, espe(3ially with the laws which compelled the emancipation of their slaves, left the Cape (volony, and after some severe conflicts with the Zulu Kafirs, took possession of Natal. Here they founded the town of I*ieter Maritzburg, and placed themselves as a free rei)ublic under the protection of the King of Holland; but in 1811 a British force was sent against them, which after a sharp struggle forcibly expelled them from the province. They tlniu t<3ok up their ground in the Sovereignty, a teniioiy equal in ^ize to England and Wales, which lies at the back of Kaflraria and miiililm 140 WORK IN THE COLONIES. Katal, hoyond tlic. Oriuigo liiver. Here tliey Avore iillowed to govorn themselves and jjass thoir own laws, wliil*^ tliey paid allegiance to the Queen of England and acknowledged her as their sovereign. Natal has since become a floarishing TU'itish colony : a vast number of Zulus have taken refuge there under British protec- tion from their cruel chief Panda, the last of tliree brothers who have made themselves a name in 8outh Africa by deeds of detestable barbarity, and are said to have caused between them in their different wars and private massacres, the deaths of a million of human beings. In IS 10 two chaplains were stationed at ^Maritzburg nnd Durban ; their salari(3s being partially j^aid by the Ccdonial Government. A grant of 1 00/. was also made by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, by means of which another clergyman was sent to the colony, But this was only contniued for two years. And this grant, with another from a single individual of 100/. for iive years, were the only sums which the Bishop of Capetown had at his disposal for the establishment and extension of the (.'hurch in ^Tatal. In 1850 the Bishop visited ^S'atal, but his funds were entirely exhausted, and nothing could be done by him except by Avay of counsel and encouragement, to help forward the -svork of the Church in this neglected region. One of his objects in visiting England in 1852 was to endeavour to I'aise funds for a missionary institution here. This was happily accomplished in 185 '3, and the first missionary, with a little band of fellow-labourers, de- parted to commence the institution, which was to be su[)ported for the next five years by a grant of 500/. a year from the Society. On St. Andrew's day, 1853, the Eev. J. W. Colenso was consecrated Bishop of 2satal, in Lambeth Church, the Society w *. J .-kit: tt'^h. 1 to ir as vast otcc- 5 wllO ds of them of a rj and ilonial ^ty for n other tinned single i:h the [hnient Inthely hvay of lof the dsiting bionary \)'^, and its, de- It ported [■)m the so was Society ( i n . I I..I -..it.. ..I.. - .i\. ■■ 1 ^. .i. ^^ .- « >-(' j ^ , -^ , |. ' ^ ' •-'■:K^f^>l;iced by the Society under the control of the Bishop, be 142 WORK LN TIIK COLONIES, (jntrusti'd to a coiumittoi; consisting of the Duan of ^Fai'itzlmrg, tho AiclKlcacoii.s of Marit/biir"? ami J^iirhan. witli two laynicii, •svlio sliall Ite recoiuiiiL'iuU'd l>y tlio Duan and the two Arch- deacons, and approved by tlie ►Society." The diocese of ^'atul extends over a surface of ls,()()0 square miles, or just ono-tliird of that of Knghind and Wales. Ita climate. thouL,di ratlur warmer tlian that of tin? Cape Cohmy, is yet lemai'kuhly sahibrious, and very well adapted to Kn;,dish constitutions; so much so, indeed, that tin; lhshoi», in his inter- esting account of his first visit to his diocese, ^ mentions more than one instance of consuniptive persons whose recovery was des[)aircd of in England beiiig quite restoreil to health after a residence in this ccdony. The soil for the laost i)art is rich and productive, and everywhere abundantly well watered. The land rises from the coast in fon! distinct steps or belts of country, each about twenty miles in Vv^dth. Jn the lowest or coast dis- trict are procured cotton, sugar, indigo, coffee, and all other tropical productions. The next is excellently adapted ioY graziity purposes, besides furnishing abundant crops of hay, oa ,<, and barley. Then we rise still higher to a range of forest timber of enormous size. And beyond this, immediately under the Draa- kenberg 1\ fountains, the country is W(3ll suite»l for growing wheat and other European products, the crops of the former being often sixty-fold of the seed sown. The population is estimated at 109,800 souls. In this extensive missionary field fourte* u clergymen are now labouring, thiiteen of these being missionaries of the Society, which 111 1862 expended 2,328/. here. Perhaps no better idea of the work of a missionary in 2va,tal can be given than that conveyed in the following remarks on the kind of labour in which the late energetic and lamented Arch- ^ "Ten Weeks iu Natal," N ATAL. 113 urg, lU.'U, leh • imro Ua tony, gliwli iiter- iiiore f Avas fler a i rich The Lintry, jt ilis- ollicr 'OZUifJ hr of JJnia- ^vlleat often lciI at jo now l)ciety, ^'atal )n tlie Arcli- (loiicon ^fiickoiizio was tor som»' time eni;> Joyed. AViiting in \^'>0 tho iJislioj) gives ;in .ibstract pTuue Sunday's work aa follows : — "Sunday, Augu>t 21)tli, liold morning service at tin- rniklangn, while the Arelidcfieon rode on leu or twelve niib?s lo hold service at the Umgeni. 'riic little clmix-l at tln' rniklanga, rude enough in its construction, wa=< vi'iy wull tillorl, tin' scttlrrs coming fnun all the country round, and out' couple hringing tlieir two little ones for baptism, a distauce of seveti miles, in a ljull«»ck waggon. AVo had the full ^lorning Serviee, with haptisms, ronfiimation. and holy eomuiunion. After se'rvice started as soon as possible to ride ^vith JNIr. Lister (a settler who kindly volunteered t«t guide me) ten ndles to jNFount Moreland, cro.^sing the Umhlali, whieli when swelled l)y rain is a formie visible to all the country round. This had Just been comph^ted, with the help of the Christian Knowledge Society, through th<^ active exertions of Aiehdeacon Maekenzie, and was this day to be eonsecrated. 1 found the building liberally thronged. After this service 1 rode Avith IVlr. Rivett (who had held Morning Serviee at the Umhlali, and now met me on his way back to liis home at the IJmklanga), six miles to Yerulani, wdiere we had full Kvening Service, v/ith communiun, in the magistrate's otUce, whieh has been kindly lent to us for tin? present. At 10 p.m. T started again with .Mr. Lister, and rode seven miles through the bush to his house, losing our way, however, more than once undei' the starlight. "Such is a fair specimen of the Sunday work of an active missionary in this and, I suppose, in most otlier colonial dioceses, abstracting of course that part of thti work which was extraor- dinary, and arose from the Bishop's presence. And it is in '■^^^ms^^mi^ 114 WOIIK IN TFIK COI.ONIKH. patirntly continiiirif; fmni Avoek to wo.'k. ami from nioTith to month, in thus ministoring to the ^vantt >' a lhw Rcattc^rcil slioop in the wildcrnos.s, that tho exorcise of rt»vlf-doi!in! is really called forth in snch a linid as ours. We have, to suy the truth, no hardshii)s here to he coiiipliuncd of as our brethren in Newfound- land, and Xova Scotia, and Canada, must otten be proved with. Wo have no excessive heat to dislrcss us, as thev have in India and Ceylon. As to the mere boddy exercise of riding, or of rou,L;hinL,' it amidst the ordinary dilliculties of a colonial life, of course no one W(ndd think of comin<^' out as a missionary who had not ])hysif',al strcnirih and endurance; sullicient for that, who would not iinut to j^orsevere, as 1 have said, from day to day, from month to month, in that path of calm and steadfast Christian duty, and wht^n the mind would be occupied with books if it could, or with one or other of the many interesting pursuits which a new country lays open to the naturalist, to b(? g(»ing up and lnynioiii, and I Ik- nioro wlien it is on-- who ren»lvo8 notliin- (or lii.s liihoiu's l>!il the f^atisfactinn ••!' dniii;' n(),)d, iind tlu' gralitiidr of ,1 f(^\v ; uidvnown, lumt'tircd hy men, but kniun unto Ifim ulio niarl<< what, is (htnc to ilic incane-t iiifiiduT ol" His llufk, and will not, h't Huch service fiH tliis he without, it> ivwanl." Ut the prourcMs whirh has hrvw alivudv UMuic in rivdi/iii" ul e\'anf^«'li/in^ tin* vast heatlien ]to|iulatioii of this country, Honielhinf^ may be h-arnt trom tin- l'.)UowiM;4 iutrrcstiii;^' Jiarrative of a visit to I >r. ( 'alhiway's mission station, which iipiHMrcd originally in tht* Xhcd in ai \\ c ar*; ill acciistouu'd to (f •rtions as lo th assc inionjist our natives, Tl le Mcilhh'ssniss oi' icrc arc s, )\\\{' (t n the Mission Fiin in tliis vtilj^ar cry of denunciation. 'Ihe thoughtful men — the ijicn of action, the men who leave lootpvints on the sands ol tnu<', the Lawranees, the JIavelocks, the Sir (leorge Greys, — su< h men a^ these do not set such small store upon missionaiy labour and devoted ness ; Sir (leorge Grey especial!) regards it a.-> one main agent hy which we may liope to civilize and elevate .nati\'e bar I jarism. lU th' '' If any one wishes to he convinced that such noticms are not all mere theory and hi»di-soniidinfoie b(ten on the spot. Tliis was ahout four years and a half a;:^^^, in company with I )r, Callaway, when he went th(;re to take [»ossessirinkled slopes on the oj)posite side, and the rugged hills of the IJndvomanzi valley seen on looking down the stream. It is a complete oasis in the AvildeiTiess of unreclaimed nature. This is your first thought, but Avhen you quit it you will be more impressed with the inijiortant fact that it is a moral oasis in t.iie nnrechiimed savagery that reigns far and wide around. " 1 will mention some of th(; most conspicuous of the visible and tangible results of J)r. Callaway's residence and labours here. First there is a church on the colonial ])lan of a central building, witli verandah and lean-tos all round it, L'y a ha])})y thought the hospice (or hospital in the old sense of the word) forms part of the cliurch building, three large verandah-rooms being appro- priated as guest-chambers", an arrangement specially desirable in a remoto station like this, Avdiere houses of accommodation are unknown, and hospitality to strangers is once more becoming as in the olden time a cardinal virtue. This building is about fifty-four feet long l^y thirty-three feet wide. Then there is a large workshop and cottage attached, solid stone-A^'alled kraals, XATAL. U re- tioii. went ;sion. liiits rsiiig inko- niiles )t' the lund, iwn to loving Avitli rugged tream. lature. viU be 1 oasis lul. visible s here, ilding, Iboiigbt lis part a]>pro- able in on are (Miming about lb ere is ki-aal^, stable and outbuildings; tlie temporary wattli'-auddiuib bouse of tbe missionary ami a scliool-lniilding iidjacriit, A lai\'c buildim:^' intendiMl as a iK'rmanent n^sidence for I)r. Cidlawav. is now bi.'ing erctdcd. lUisiiles all tliis, there is a little liamlet of huts and cottagi'S for the natives attached t' 1 and K]»istl(' of the day arc ox]>lain('d, and tlit>so ]»rc'sent arc invited to ask le gathered together — a mixed crowed of converts and heathens — wnthcnit being struck with the superior intelli- gence, the moral thoughtfulness, the manly self-respect ex- pressed in the countenances and demeanour of the converts as comi)ared with the untutoj'ed heathens. Nor is the dill'erence less marked in the women, whose (expression of gentleness, of modesty, of intelligence, contrasts as strongl}/ with th(^ unthink- ing ignorance and unreclaimed coarseness of their heathen sisters, as do their neat and clean dresses with the unwashed half-naked- ness of the others, their woolly hair thickly matted and bedaubed with red clay, and their babies slung behind tlieii" backs. Of NATAL. I to the the tho ous. eiisc and \istic CO 111- ,ices, 11' so, chcd, I thus [i sea, ■dens, and a course both men and women liavo faults onoucrli, and too manv, (which of us has not hut l>r. Calhiway tries hard fn px.t nut those besotting sins of ii(>w converts, love of dress and selt-con- ceit, wliich sonietinics are so disagreeably intrusive. *Mn conclusion I give a tew facts and ligures. to sliow the pro- gress nftlie mission; — In ^larch, isr)8, 1 >r, Callaway coninienced his "pcratiohs ai Spring A'ale, taking witli him [\\u families and four }'<»iuig men, in all ten persons. Jn tliis month of <)ct(i])er, 1862, there are nine fiimilies of hnpti'^ed persons, comprising nineteen adults and twenty-four chihhen. The total inmdjer of residerd>'- under direct ti'aining, ami most of \vhom have a])phed for 1)aptisni, is seventy -four. iJesides lliis theic are children clothed, fe*!, and taught in the school. Jiecmitlx Pr. Callaway lias obtained the services (jf a paid schoolmaster, and lie has furtlu^r the valuable gratuitous aid of a young lady who resides with his fimily, and devotes herself to this \\\)\k. "(>f course, the results above enumerated could imi have b(;en achieved without the expenditure of much money, ^.well as of a laliorious zeal and devotedness which in> uioiiey can ]>ro(luce. The retjuisite funds have been [U'ovided [»artiy by the loial govern- ment out of the i;,dOO/. reserved for native purposes, partly by the Society for the Propagation of the (rospel. and partly from the ]U'ivate rcsoiirc"-. of Dr. Callawa}', and his Knglish friends. At the present r:ointuit the only public aid receiveil by the missionary is ?«"•()/. u year from the above-named Society." Thus it will be seen that a beginning has been made to evangelize the masses of heathens scattered over the lU'itish territories in South Africa, but if the Church of England is induced to do a great woriv U|>on the heathen, slie must send forth some of her best sons, and those wdio remain at home must send forth liberal alms, and pour forth earnest 'prayers for those who go. The colony is impoverished, the Christian 150 WORK IN THE COLONIES. populntion is unequal to siip])i)rt its own work. \Villin;,dy would the Swci^'ty foi' the rropugation ol' tlio (iospol lend a lar;^^- pj'd to such endeavours, if its funds, so largely drawn upon from all (juarters of the globe, were hut largely increased. ST. II ELENA., The island of St. Helena was discovered hv John de Nova, a Portuguese commander, on 8t. Helen's day, May 21st^, l-'*01. Thej'e were no human l>eings on the island, and he n^erely announced the discovery, without founding a colojiy. About 151,"), some I*ortugues(^ noblemen having offended against the Portuguese authorities in India, Avere cruelly mutilated by having their noses, ears, ami right hands cut olT, and in this pitial.'le state were sent back to Europe. One of thtvm, i^^er- uandez Lopez, unable to bear the luea of appearing in his native country in such a state, was at his ovrn re([uest landed wi*h a few slaves on the lonely islainl of 8t. Helena. His countrymen endeavoured to alleviate hi'^ ondition l)y supplying him with various animals, and fruit-trees and vegetables f(.)r [)lanting, and in lour years the little island began to have a cheerful appear- ance. The government now perceived that the island might make a valua1)le halting-place for ships from Portugal to India : th^\y therefore dismissed Lopez, and made it a governm«?nt sta- tion. They concealed the situation of St. Helena from other countries for many years ; but in 1 r)S«s Cavendish visited it in his return from liis voyage round tin; world. It was soon after- wards visited by the S])aniards and the Putch, wl»o wantonly destroyed the produce of the isl;)nd ; and as the Portuguese gradually acquired settlements on the western coast of Africa, they left St. Helena in a desolate condition, in l()ol the English East India Company foi'med a settlement on the island, id a awn isecl. [ova, erely Vbout \t tlie a i>y , Fer- native Yi'li a yviion I witli and |])pt'ar- I iniglit lulia : lit >sta- otlier II it in after- [ntonly liif^neso Africa, 1)1 the lisrland, ST. HELENA. 151 which was eonfinuod to tliom ten years aftor\v:;i'ils hv a cliarter IVoni Charles 11. Many sc^ttlcrs were indm cd l>v tiie olliT of lands to ciiugratc tliitlier iVoiii Kn;^Luul ; .md slavoti were im- ported from i\laila-asear l.» woi-k in the [i..laiitati«»ns. Ahout IGG") the Dutch attacked and tcok llie iskmd, bin vv' re obli<,a'.d to resiore it sliortly afterwards ; and in the followni^- year many of the famdies which liad bei-n ruined by tli*' fire ot Lon(Uni, took refuse here. On.i^ njiain the ishmd wa.s ^aken bv the Dutch, and once a,i>ain re-taken by tlie En.v'lisli. In iSlf) St. lIeU>na became the scene of muc>]) interest I'rom having been selected as the asylum or jirison of 2s^apohH)n Buona- parte. Early in the year he had escaped from Elba, and it was therefore deemed necessary after the battle of Waterloo to seh>ct a stroi'.^uly-fortiHed place as his future residence. He arrived at St. ileli;na on the KUh of October, and as the lir.-t residence allotted to him v/as thouglit unsatistactory, a liouse was buih for ]nm on the highest plain on the island, 1,7G0 feet above the level of the sea : this was calh-d Loiigwotjd. Here he lived until the 5th of ]\lay, 1S:31, when he died of an internal com- plaint, the effect of which was heightened by the irritation and dissatisfaction which constantly ju'eyed u]">on his mind during the last three years he remained on the island. His remains were interred with militaiy lionours in Slane's Valley, near a fountain overhung witli willows ; but tliey were afterwards re- moved to France during the reign of Louis-Phili]»pe, and re- int^erred with much ceremony at the liopital des Invalides. The Island of St. Helena, 1] taigh situated at a distance of more than a thousand miles (V(»ni Capetown, was at tirst included in that diocese, and was visited by the liishop in 181!', on which occasion he confirmed neaily '")()(; persons, and consecrated the Church :d flameslown and fi 'e burial grounds. In 18->7 the Bishop made another visitation of the island, anl 152 WOinC TX THE COLONIES. finding tins c^ml J only be done at loii<^' intervals and witli a < on- siderable ex[)endituro of time and money, lie strongly I'ecoin- mended tlie formation of it into a separate diocese. 'lliis was liai)[)ily accomplished in l.'*^-")!), and the I\ev. P. C Clau^diton, 1). 1). Avas consecrjded iiishop of St. Helena on AVliit Tuesday, The Colonial Bishoprics Fund contributed 1,000/. to the Endowment Fund, th" iidialiitants contribuluig another lOOO/. ; and the Society jdace'l the annnal sum of 200/. for three years at the disposal of the iUshop, Avith the especial view of enabling him to provide more eilectually for the jjastoral care and instruction of the coloured portion of the population. In 1HC)0 the island was divided into parishes. In 1H(U the Bisiiop visited the Island of Ascension. In {^(J2 IJisho]) Cbiughton having being translated to the see of Colombo, i\n} Yen. 'i\ E. AVelby, for many years Archdeacon of (Jeorge, in the diocese of Capetown, was iippointed his suc- cessor, and was consecrated at Lambetli on Ascension I.hiy. The diocese of St. Helena consists of the thrive islands of St. Helena, Ascension, and Tristan d'Acunha. It was hoped that the Bishop would l>e able to overlook the congregations of the English Church in South America, at liahia, Pernambuco, liio de Janeiro, Buenos x\yres, and JMonte Video ; and also oc- casionally visit the Falkland Islands, hitherto entirely destitute of episcopal superintendence. )''(»r obvious reasons these very distant places weiv not included a his diocese; it would have in- volved a responsibilitv so serious that few Avould have consented to undertako it. Aiii.l as it is now known that the course of the trade winds wouin virtually prevent this j^lan from being carried out, it has been suggested that a r>isho}> should be placed a,i the Falkland Islands, ".vith episcopal jurisdiction over the cha})lains in the South American ports above mentioned. The Island of St. Helena may be said to consist of one huge HT. nF,L[:>^\. i:.3 s of IICO, oc- Itute jvery in- iitocl the fvied the lains liuge rock I'isiiiL;- out dT tlic l)08nni of tlie Atlantic Ocean, fnr it is b<»uiiilcv llie iNak of DiaJia, rising to a lieiL^lit of l^7^() feet. Tliere an; <>nly four coves or o|teiun,i^-s at the sliore, and only one it wliich a siife landing can be made, and this is on tie- north-west side, v/liere the oidy town on the island -Jamestown- is sitnate^l. The circuniferenco of the island is tuentv-eiLihi niil''>, its ureatest h^ngth jiot more than about ten, anil its br^ulth bctwf .n six and seven : it contains about .'}0,0()0 acres, of which 1 l,(Hin are bare rock, or otherwise unimprovable. The general soil of the country consists of a ricli mould whicli fosters a great nund)er <>f plants, among whicli are three species of gum-trees. ( )aks, cypresses, ferns, myrtles also tlourish here : and fruits are |>articulai'ly ab\in- dant, as it is stated that on alm(.)st every farm an; to be found vines, figs, limes, oranges, lemons, citrons, guavns, bananas, peaclies, (punces, pomegranates, tnmariuds, mulberries, nu'lons, and pump'kins. Our Knglis]i fulits ha\'e not succeeded hero, with the exce[)tion of the common blackberry, which was intro- duced in 1780, and so completely overspread large tra< t> of ground that as the oidy remeily against its encroachments a public order was issued (which is still in Uivvi') for its entin; ex- tirpation. St. Helena is a very healthy sjutt, the temp<'rature in the open country is never so hot as an I'nglish summer, nor so cold as an English winter. The atmosjdiere is generally so clear that a ship may l»e ch'scried at a distanee of sixty miles. Jamestown contains many little gardens, groves, and shady walks, and extends the Avhole length of the valley, whi'di gradually decreases in breadth till at last there is room ordy for a single house. 1die roa-ls which give access to tlie interior of the island are carried along the sides of L*upert"s and Ladder Hill (the lofty ■1Y ' 151 WollK JN' THE COLONIES. U headlands wliich comiiiajid .laniestown) in a 7.v^-zi\y; direction; and tho ascent is so easy that oxen and carts pass along the ai)])arently |ieii)endi«Mdar precipice witliont dillicnlty or danger. For two miles nothing but a rocky uilderne^s meets tho traveller's eye ; but soon the sight is gratilicd by the sudden prospect of woody heights, verdant lawns, eultivat<,'d plantations, iuid hand- some little country seats. The liev. H. Whitehead, the rectctr of Jamestown, thus s])(ndws of some of his parishioners. " 1 find it a liard task to bring the African population of tho town, which is cojisiderable, to tho habit of i)ublic worship. Their indolence and unsteadin(.v«s of i)urpose, their general small pro- gress in Knglish, their su|)erstitious cast of mind, the natural Aveakness of intellect in some, au(t the crazed condition ol otliei'S through cruel treatnu'ut on board the slave ships, are imnumse impediments to their edilication in Christianity. I thiidt there can be little hope of their being anytlinig hke exemplary Chris- tians, if they be not kept under daily instruction for several year.s after their ba[)tism." The ])resent Bishop also speaks of other dilliculties to be^ met with m St. Helena. He says : — ''I find much to be done on this island which at a distance appears so small a field of labour. The mountainous character of the country makes ])laces which are very near in distance far apart in communication ; so that time and labour are expended in pastoral work far beyond wliat the amount of population would seem to demand." The little island of Tristan d'jVcunha, so namei' from the person avIio first discovered it in 150(), is situated almost in the centre of the South Ailaniic <.)cean, about 1,500 miles south of 8t. Helena, and about the same distance from the Cape of Cood Hope. In L'^IG a company of artillery from St. Helena was stationed on this islaiul (preA'iously uninhabited) to recruit the men's health, but it was withdrawn on tl-e death, of Xapoleon .^t.umf^f^.lft HT. IIKLKXA. l.u') the \ (art ill )Uld th tl e 10 111 of rOOd was th(i lleon in Ic'^iM A ••orjMM'iil iininiMl (ilass was allowctl t(> ivninin witli one nr two c()iii]);ini(»iis lo take rluirgo nt tlic- l-ivi and laiiding- placn : ami tUut in IbT)! an Kn;^lisli gentleman who was interostt'd in their slupy re([ueste(] the S(.eiety for the I'ropagation <<{' the Gospel to send out a clergyman lo minister among tliem, engaging himscdf to provide a sutliMent stipend for live years. At the expiration oi that time the 1 'shop of Capetown visited Tristan, ami cnnhimed thirty persons, lie foand the ]ieo].le unanimous in desiring to quit an island which was wholly inade( prate to su])ply the wants of su(di an increasing community ; and at the crnnniencement of the year 1857 they were conveyed to ('a])etown, in which diocese theii' beloved pastor, the R(?v. W. K, I'aylor, is still labouring diligently in the mission of lliv^ersdaleA And this little island, which IS literally a vast rock rising almost perpendicidarlvj some 3,t)0<) feet out of the sea, is once more uninhabited. Tiie ])opulation of this diocese is estiniate3 expended 320/. here. 'J'he obove is the iixed population, b'.t St. Helena is a great depot for Africans captured from slavi.'i's, and as many perhaps as 3,()00 of these imfortunate beings are landed on the island evory year. They are usually in a sad state of disease and suflering when freed by our cruisers from their iirsi ("ruel captors, and this makes it of great importance to land them as soon as possible. Accortured, she is sent under the charge of a juize crew to the nearest land, ^ A most interesting account o\' Tristan c WORK IN TIIK CO/(»MKR. or at least the nourcst point at wliicli sho can l)o rocivod, and when; ther(3 is an Adiiiiralty (Juurt whi<'li <;in dcrliirc Ikt for- fcitod f«» tin' )']iigli->li captors and her li\ ing ('i^ one of the vessels of the vVfrican coast s(jua- dron, arriv(;d with its freight of ooi) lunnan beings all in the last stage of suffering from the ci-uel contim^ment they liad ex- jierieneed on board. The Uishop at once visited them and after some in-'utl ' careful instruction., in Avhich he was a.ssisted by some ol the clergy of the island, he had the happiness of finding that they were fully cai)able ol" receiving the knowledge of the (iospel in its simjde fuiidajiiental truths, and he accord- ingly baptized the greatei number ot t!ieni. Ot this very pleasing incident an account i>i furnished in the Society's (^)uartei'ly I'aper for July, IS()U. The Bishop saw during his stay in St. Helena, some; three, or four thou-^aml of these native African^, taught them f:'i longer or shorter ]K-riods with varying suc(;ess, only admitting any to baptism of whose conversion he felt satisfied on careful examination. He describes them as quick and in- telligent, often assisting the interpreter and himself by words and signs as they caught his nu'aning : and he s])eaks of their very stiiking superiority to the degrading characteristics he C'FNTUAT. AFFtltA. i; >< of (_<•»' (I- nor ied liii- leir he luiHSt'lt' ]i;i(l jnvviDiisly Rnp]ios (InviTMitr j»r«)|»os('.s to l)uild a scliool .iiid i1i.i{h'| Im ili.' ust^ of th(j no^iuL's at tliL'ir statiuii in l(ti[)t'it .^ \'all«'y, CKNTIIAI. AIKK \. Allli(m,L;li nui conmMtcd witli llw Soii'^v for tlio Tr'iji.tLj.iti on of the (lospt'l, tilt' niissiiiii 1,i> ('"'nti'.d Ahici is tt>o inipoilaiit and rj'tiiaikablo an undtvitakin'' to l)c iias^soJ over wiUioiit .sojuo account Tl IC \'t'riis of Dr. l.ivijig>>toni' lia\ inj^ l)iou.i;lit lo li^^du, a large and liihuito unknown rogi that lioallnjn land, and tliat it sliouM consist as soon as j)ractica')lc of a iJislioj) aud a uuud)or of assistant clergy. Tn the endeavour to carry out this Ivcling, the Univei'sity of CaiulmMge, roused hy tlu^ -pirit-stirring ap- peal of 1 >r. Li\ingstone ^ -^ ^ o 7 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I Ui Hi t VS. 1112.0 L25 M 1.4 2.5 2.2 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation /. ^-; C/u V\^ ^>^\ V <> "^^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 -f l U f ^ 'iJ w l l W M W I M 1.58 W'MJK IN THE COLON'IES. plunge acquired (luring his five yoars' residence in 8ont]u'rii Aii'ica constituting in tljeinsehcs most important qualifications for the work, wliilc his personal character was such as to win universal ri>riti(h}nce for any nndertaking in which he engaged. The fully-developed phm of tlie mission was, thnt the ])ishop and six missionaries should Ih' accom|)iinied hy a medicril ]/rac- titioner and a nuiiil)er <»f artificers, English ami native, capable of condur-tiiig tlie various works of building, husl)andry, and especially the cultivation of the cotton plant ; so that while the diilusion of Christianity hehl the, foremost place, there was cond)ined with this the promotion of agriculture and lawful commerce, and the ultimate extirpation of tln^ slave trade, in accordance with the principle of Dr. Livingstone that Chris- tianity and civilization must advance together. After a solemn farewell service in Tanterhury (.'athedral, on the 2d of October, l^^i30, Arclideacon Mackenzie with tlie first detachment of the mission, sailed for Capetown, where he was consecrated on the 1st of January, 18G1. lie met Dr. Livingstone, and the whole party proceeded up the Zambesi liiver about 1(»0 miles, to the confluence of the Shire, up which th(^y proceeded (about 200 miles more) to Dakanamoya, tlie village of a friendly chief, Chibisa. Here they landed and proceeded under the conduct of Dr. Livingstone to select a place for the establishment of their static »n, and on the 19th of fluly tliey arrived at jMagomero, wliere they resolved to settle. For the next four or five months the mission party was engaged in settling themselves in their new quarters, and in making good their position against a marauding tribe — the Ajawa — with whom they were most unfortunately engaged more than once in hostilities. At the end of December the Bisliop started, with Mr. Burrup, to meet Dr. Livingstone, who had promised to return by a certain CENTRAL AFRICA. 1.30 lie to ley me on md lie bre PP. ain (lay wiili llic ladic- wlio were coining to ji>iii llu^ mission. A series of (disasters ensued, {ho JJisliop was attacked l2, died alter an illn.ss (if ten .lays on the island of .Malo, at the conlluence of I lie Shjie and IJuo rivers. Mr. nurrn|» surviveci the I>islio]>, and liaviii!; j^erl.-imcd the last ollices of the (.'iiur|» Mackenzie and Mr. Uurrup was hrought to Kngland at the (lose ..f the iol- lowing June ; hut after the lirst stunning ellV'ct of these h. avy tidings had passed over, tliere was numifestetl in all (|uartei's a firm resolution, hy God's lielp to eari-y on the work which had been so liopefully hegun and wliich gave promise, even thus early, of an alnunhmt harvest. The missioji had already pj-o- duced the most benelleial etfects in the country which it oc(.'u- pied. It had upwards of a liundred natives under systematic industritd traiidng pre})aratory to regular ('hiistian in.siructicm ; a hirge and thickly-peo])k!d district pacitied hy the energies of the missionaries was looking up to them with revenmce and gratitude ; the very Ajawa whose ravages ihey had cliecked, and whose histing enmity it was to be feared they had incurred, were asking to be aUowed to settle peaceably in their n(nghl)ourhood, and within their civilizing inflnence. And if all this had l)een accomplished in the s])aceof six or seven montlis, amid tlie ditU- cnlties incidental to a new settkanent and the interruptions occasioned by the marauding tribes, what nnght not he ho[)e(l from continued exertions in the same promising field ? The liov. G. W. Tozer was selected to succeed I>ishop Mac- kenzie, and was consecrated jMissionary Bishop to the Zam])esi and adjacent districts, in W^sstminster Ahhey, on the 2tl of February, llsG3. The spirit in which he went forth may be best ;i ; I 7 IGO WORK IN THE COLOMES. Inariit from liis own words at a public niei^ting hold at Doncastor shortly atU'r In.s aiipoiiitineHt. Spcaldng of Lis laiiiontcd prede- cessor ho f-ays : — " 'I'hc l)i'i,n'lit example ol' one thus cai'ly entered npoii liis rest is a noble incitement to all wliu wonld follow his just steps. It is nn small thing for tlios(^ who may go out after him to have the track marked out for them — a track which has tlic shftdow of the ( .'ross im])rinted u}>on it, and whicli is con- nected with the highest and holiest end<^avours <>f all time in promoting the cause of C'hrist. So far frcmi Toeing down-hearted at w:liat has passed, I for one am the very (,pi)osite. J think I see in it the seeds of very great success— ])erchance not a per- sonal success : — that we cannot command — but a succ(,'ss to that great cause which is dear to all (.'hri^tian heails — the success of Christ's (/I'oss in Africa." The same hopeful and cheering spirit lu'eathes in the letter written by Uishop Tozer soon after his arrival at the scene of his future labours. AVriting from their nvw mission station, iMorum- bala, Tviver ^Shii'(», on the ()th of October, 1S(J3, he says : — " We are at last gathered on the to]") of the Morumbala mountains, wliK'h are some .3,50(1 feet higli. You will have heard all the sad news of the mission's })ast history before this reaches you. I )eatli and. illness linvc dei>rived us of almost all the i)arty to Avhom we were looking for help and guidance in tliis new mission-field. Blaii', a printer, and Adauis, a lal)Ouring man, are now the sole representatives of our lamented predecessors ; and while the ex- periment of fixing the station here is b(.'ing tried, I can hardly wish for a reinforcement. Our life here is in many wavs verv en- joyable. The air is usually keen and bracing and we sutler far more as yet from cold than heat. The former juission party has left a legacy behind of tw(aity-five native boys, Vvlujse teacliing and training pre^'cnts us from sinking down into mer..\ settlers. AYe hav(^ not been (juite a month up here, and. are A\'orking very hard r 'W.^-f.WiN.-X^''*'' CENTRAL AFRICA. IGl iiulocd U) got our straw huts completed hefovo the raiu-s set in. "VVo do e\ervtliin,L,' tor ourselves, even to Avasliiiig oui'owu clnihes, aud hav" aLolisliod the idea ot master and servant. We live in common, eadi liaving a little round hut tu sleep in. Our < luu'ch opening is tlu' great connng event. Its dimensions are Ihiity- six ieet by eleven, and really it promisLS to look very well. Us east end is apsidal, and we- hav»^ a screen to divide the buihling in half; the western jdace being for the lieathen boys, and the eastern arranged as a choir for ourselves, the apse being of e-ourse reserved for the altar. ( )u]' services are really very hearty and enjoyable ; and as wo have by dint of superhuman exertions got the harmonium up the mountain, we hope to make great progress with our music. Ihit as yet we are sadly pressed for time, Avhidi we all hope may n should have tlie result without labouring lor it, and without under- going ditliculty. 8o far from regarding some ditliculty, therefore, as anv discouragement or any mark that (lod is not with us, I believe that it is rather a mark that we have His presence with us. Was there ever a successful mission founded without ditliculty ? Was there ever a great thing done for (iod by men, Avho were content to give Him mert^ly the parings of their time, and the superiluities of self-indulgence ? ^' oiuxcE rnvEK fuee state. The Orange fliver 1^'ree State is a very extensive; tract ot countrv bounded on the south bv the river from whicli it takes its name, and on the north and U(U'ih-west by a trilmtary of that stream, the Yaal. On the north-east it is se[)arated from the colon}' of Xatal by the i)rakenbevg or Ouathlaml)a range of mountains. This territory consists chiefly of vast plains of table- land, some five or six thousand feet above the s(!a level, broken continually l)y abrujA . oeks aii'l covert^l fur the niost part witii M 2 spMMM 1G4 WORK I\ THE COLONIES. vegetation. Tin; liealtliiness of ili(> country is un(Ioul)to(l, and Homo who have lived tliore for years declare it to bo the tin !st climate in the world. The fanns ai'e very extensive and the number of cattle and sheep (.'normous. The sale of avooI increases every year, the produce being sent by Avagons chiefly to I'ort Elizabeth. Some twenty-five years ago this territory north of the r^rango Iliver was described as '^a h.)wling wilderness," given up to the birds and beasts with the exception of a few wandering tribes of Hottentots and iJushmen. 'I'he 1 )utcli were here, as in every other part of the Cape, the first European settlers, and tlieii- chief motive for settling so ftir from the colony was tlu^ desire to bo free of English rule. For a short time they boldly asserted their independence, but after a few years English emigrants followed the L)utch, and then the country was declared pai't of the colony, and called " the Sovereignty beyond the Orange Itiver." In 1850 the lUshop of Capetown gave an account of his visit to the SoA'oreignty and of the earnest efforts of the English at Blomfontein to provide themselves Avith a church and pastor. In 1851 the church was in progress, the inhabitants having con- tributed more than 300/. towards its erection, but before the roof was raised the English Government had resolved to abandon the Sovereignty in consequence of continual disputes Avith the Dutch boers. So the church has remained for ten years an nnfmished ruin. The Eishop of Capetown has since made many efforts to induce individual clergymen to go and minister to the English settlers in the territor}^ but Avithout success. Men were un- willing to go into a country Avhere they must Avork Avithout the benefit of assistance and sympathy from their brethren, and Avithout any episcopal superintendence. The country is noAV governed by a president and '' Volksraad," elected by the in- habitants. The number of English colonists, instead of diminish- J* ' .''; ^, ^ i- OUA\(JK lUWAi FUFK STATE. 1G.5 con- roof Hi. the )utcli islied Its to jglisli un- it the and now in- liisli- iiig, as was oxpootod wlieii tli<^ Knglisli nilo and Ki);4lisli troops wore Avithdrawii, lias year l>y year incivased ; and those in the towns and villages li;i\<' iiuule many appeals to iIkj iJisho]) of Capetown to be [)r(jvided with pastors, for whose su[>port they promised to contribute to the l)est of their power. ^ There is another (hstinct [)ortion oT territory beyond the boundary of the lU'itisli colony and independent of thi; Free State Government, yet contiguous to both, the eountry oi' the Basutos, a large mountain district, the population of which is estimated at 1S0,0()(). They are governed by a number of petty chiefs, who in turn are subject to the rule of the great Moshesh, who calls himself " chief of all the Basiitos." lie is described as the finest (;hief in South Africa and is regarded by his peo]de with superstitious veneration. .About thirty years ago a few rrcsbyterian missionaries from Paris penetrated to these tribes. They were kindly received l)y Moshesh and have been at work with some success among the peo])leever since. ]\loshesh, though not a Christian, is anxious that teachers from England should be sent to his peoph? 3 and a son of his own, a very promising young man, was for some time a student in St. Augustine's College at Canterbury, with the vi(;w of qualifying himself for the work of a missionary among his own ])eople, but his early death has prevented the realize ion of this plan. On the 2d of February, 1^tJl.»l^4 .»; !,»-■' ■ I*-"-' Mii IGG WORK IX THE COLONIKH. as Hiiccossor to i]u) martyr ^-rat'kciizic. Die other to take under liis (.'liar^'o ilu' Oranuo I^iviT Kieo State. Tliis consecration is tlie first instance on recoi'd, wlierc, on /'Jit'/fia/i groinnl^ the English ( 'hurch Iian set apart and sent forth a chief pastor to take the sj)iritual oversight of a ('hiistian mission to heathen hinds lying heyoud the sovereignty of the English Crown. (The Ihshopric of llonoluhi forms no exception to this statement, for that was a nussion sent to a country akcady Christian, at the request of its own sovereign.) There have been during the last twenty years many consecrations of J5isho])S for foreign parts witlun the limits of the JJritish empire ; but the territories assigned to the Bishoj) of the Zand)esi Mission and the lUshop of the Orange Kiver 1^'ree State owe no allegiance whatever to the English Crown. The Church of England, as a true branch of Christ's Catholic Church, has an indefeasible right to go forth with the message of the (Tospei to any people who are still lying in the darkness of heathenism, and it is now established that she has a legal right, s])ite of all the jealousies of worldly poli- ticians and the suspicions of lukew^arm Churchmen, to send out from England the Church in all its completeness to heathen lands, quite independently of the circumstance whether these heathen lands acknowledge English rule or not. There was another notable circumstance in this consecration. The new Bishops took the oath of spiritual allegiance, not to the Archbishop of Canterbury, but to the JMetropolitan Bishop of Capetown. This significant act, which was done deliberately and advisedly, is a proof that our highest ecclesiastical authorities recognise the duty of allowing the title of .^Metropolitan, now legally bestowed on several of the occupants of colonial sees — such as Capetow^n Montreal, Sydney, IS'^ew Zealand — to be not merely a name, but a reality. It behoves the English Church to provide against the contingency, or rather the inevitable certainty, that the churches a."* .,*.« OltANGK RIVEU FHEE STATE. 167 Iclie^ wliirli "^lii' has been i'avoiii'cil }>y (''<>il to fonml \\'\\\ ultimately booiiii' intlcpciidunt, !uliij)tin^' tlieiusolvcs to I lie c'xiL;t'iu'i»"^ of tlieii' ]nMuliar outwiinl cirinnnstaiiccs, gratrfully aokii()\vlt«l<^'iii^ Englaiitl as their spiritual mother, hut sti'I i't'L'lin;^ that they arc now themselves eomo to full age, and must claim tlu* jM-rilous responsibility of self-j^'ovoriiment. Kach Metropolitan -with his band of sutlragan llishops may become the centre of a new vigorous national ('hurch, strong in initiating fresh assaults on neigld)ouring heathendom, clinging with firm allection to the parcni from whom ber a])ostolic ministry lias been derived, yet rightlv claiming a spiritual e(|ualily with that parent. Neither Kome nor Cantei'bury must assert a supremacy over tlu^ < hurcb of Christ. The unity of the Church is to be sought, not in sub- mission to a paramount lUshopof Jiishops, but in the harmonious coiifedoraticm of all the particular or national Churches through- out the worhl under the Divine Ileadshij) of Christ. The Jiishop, writing after his first entrance on his labours, says : — *' The country is in its infancy, and has laboured, and does labour, under many disadvantages ; but it must become a prosperous country under a good government. The p .■ 108 VVoIlK IN TIIK COLONIES. (^hrist'M CMiurrli wliorn as yet its licaliiig iiiniionccs nro all un- knr>wii. Appointment to episL'o])al otlicc in such cases is no prcfci'incnt, so fur as this world's wealth is concerned. It is a call to tlu^ foi'einost post in tlie ventures of faith. Thos(> who stay at home may be roused to a holier and more self ilenyin enor<,7 hy the exam])le of those who for the sake of Christ and His (lospel liave given up so much. A Church that bears such spiritual children is not yet forsaken of her Lord.^ ^ Viile Cohmial Church Chronicle, vol. xvi. pp. 81, 121. .. . M3S SJIimUA LEON'K, 1(10 im- 110 [s a \']\0 \nporia of trade. They are nr>w like- "wise nsed, whenever circumstances will permit, as stations for the cruisers which watch the coast for the purpose of checking the ...,,.»*i..;j „ m 170 WORK IN THE COLONIES. \ trallic in slaveys still ( arriod on by otlier nations, pai'ticularly tlie Portiiqueso, the Spaniards, and the people of lirazil, Our earlii^st jtosscssion, ('ape ('oast Castle, seems to have l)een ocenpit'd l)y the Portuguese soon after Vasco de Gania rounded the (Jape of Good IIoj»e in I.jDT. It was subsequently wrested from theiu by the J'utch, but in 1G()1 fell into our hands, and until the acquisition of Sierrii Leone was considered the capital of the British possessions in Western Africa. JSierra Leone, like (,'a|»e (.-oast (^astle, drew its first Euro])ean inhabitants from Portugal. The J'^nglinh in time took possession of an island in the middle of the river, and on the first oppor- tunity dislodged their rivals from the mainland. But n<.) attempt at colonization was made till the yeai' 1787, when about 400 negroes and sixty white soldiers wdio had served in the war of American Independence w^ere removed thither. At the same time a piece of land, measuring about twenty miles square, was purchased from the native chief'^, and the foundations of freedom were laid. As early as the year 1752 an itinerant missionary w^as sent by the Society for the Propagation, of the Gospel to the negroes in Guinea. A native African (after Ijeing educated and ordained in P'.ngland), w^as stationed on the Gold Coast in 17G5, and a catechist at Sierra Leone in 1787. *' But it is to the Church Missionary Society (which, was indeed originally established */or Africa and the .East,') that the western coast of this vast unexplored continent is chiefly in- debted for the flourishing brajich of the (.'hurch wdiich has sprung up there. In the AVest African Mission this Society has found its earliest and most appropriate field of labour. Gwing its foundation to Wilberforce and his friends, the Society came into existence under an obligation to carry on that great Christian policy in wdiicli England had been engaged by their n '.fSi SIERRA LEONE. 171 was the in- bas iety Dur. iety eat leir means, and by evangeliziii'^ to complete the emancipation of the negro race. -Nobly have its mi.>^sionaries redeemed the pledge ! They have sown tlie seed of life on those fatal shores ; tbey have watered it with their own Idood ; they have seen their nursling grow up into a fair tree, and the (. 'hurch of Sierrji Leone claim a lUsho}) of her own. "Tliis nourishing tree is now putting forth, new branches. The religion of Sierra Leone has found its way inland to Ab- beokuta (a large and populous town in the Yoruba country), by the natural process of immigration ; and this advantage has been followed up by a well-organized mission, headed by a native Yoruban, the ilev. Samuel Crowther, who left his native country as a slave-boy, was rescued by a British cruiser from the Portu- guese slaver that was bearing its unhap}iy freight across tho Atlantic, — and afterwards returned in English orders, to declare in their own tongue, to the Yorubans, the wonderful works of God. The entire mission is thus the legitimate fruits of that great Christian policy in which England was engaged by Wilber- force and his friends. It is a most interesting samjde of that negro civilization and indigenous Christianity, which, under the protection of the British name, must gradually extend itself across the African continent, and v/ill remain in after times as one of the greatest moral triumphs of our church and nation." ^ The hrst mission of the Church Missionary Society was esta- blished at Sierra Leone, in 1804 ; and so successful were the labours of its missionaries that by the year 1848 it comprised fourteen principal stations and twelve minor stations, making in all twenty-six towns and villages in which Christian instruction was imparted, and the services of our Church provided through the agency of this Society. There were also at this time twelve European missionaries, three native clergymen, and ilfty-six catechists and teachers (nativ )pean). ^ Colonial Church Chronicle, vol. iii. p. 40. -vi»»«t!-»if.»wa*i»ian-fl«w-*i|»rd(^"ji_»«w'fera^,;^Mr'-rtrtap«tBfcir«^^ -tt 172 WORK IN THE COLONIES. and fifty-seven schools, containing 5,038 scholars, and the attend- ants on public worship w<}rc stated to be G,908. In 1852 the colony of Sierra Leone was constituted a Bishopric, and the Eev. E. (J. A'^idal was consecrated first Bishop on Whit Sunday. liishop Vidal arrived in his diocese at the close of that year ; but after a brief career of active usefulness, he was attacked with fever on his return from a visitation of the Youban mission (where he had confirmed nearly GOO converts in that infant Church), and died on diristmas Eve, 1854. In 1855 the Rev. J. Weeks, who had been for many years a missionary in this diocese, was consecrated second Bishop of Sierra Leone, where he arrived in the following JS'ovember. The Bisliop was accompanied by the Rev. H. J. Leacock and Mr. fJ. A. l)uport, who immediately proceeded to commence a mission at Fallangia, on the Rio Pongas, about 1.30 miles to the north of Sierra Leone. This is a mission not directly of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, but of a Church Association in Barbados, which was organized on the occasion of the Society's Jubilee, and of which some account has already been given in a former chapter.^ The Society contributed the sum of 1,000/. towards this Association, and Mr. Leacock, a much valued clergyman of Barbados, having offered himself for the arduous and perilous undertaking, went forth with his fellow-labourer (a young man of African parentage, educated at the ^Mission House connected with Codrington College) to extend the light of Christianitj^ to that debased and barbarous people. Mr. Leacock was not permitted long to w^atch over the mission he had successfully commenced : the fever so generally fotal to those unaccustomed to this climate attacked him, and he died on the 28th of August, 185G. ^ See page 107. ^ft '<* W # rt »4 t ..ji.*i.v SIERRA LEONE. 173 iself his lited to reus pion to on T>ishoj) Weeks fell a victim to tlic sanio fntal malady on tlie 2otli of March, L'^oT. Ihiriii^ liis short episcopate he ordained seven native cat(^chists in Sierra Leone, and four in A])beokuta. TJie liev. J. IJowen, D.J). ^vas ai>i)ointed to tlio vacant Bis]i()j)ric, and was consecrated at Laml)eth on the 2 1st Scp- temher, 1857. l»ut belbie two years liad elai)se(l, the Church in West Africa had to mourn the loss of its third JUshop : ho died May 2.sth, 1850. Tlie IJev. E. H. lieckli.'s, "Rector of St. Filter's, Christ.)].her, in the diocese of Antigua, was chosen to su<;ceed him, and Avas consecrated at Lambeth, on the 2d of Fel)ruary, 18G(). The peninsula of Sierra Leone, which constitutes the territory of the colony, has a surface of about 220 square miles, being rather larger than the little county of l>utland. But the name of Sierra Leone is frequently applied to a much more extensive tract of country the exact limits of which are uidvuown, but which according to a rough estimate covers about "Jo.OOO square miles, being nearly equal to Scotland. The soil is fertile, tliat of the peninsula is much covered with large forest trees, among others the Silk Cotton Tree, the trunks of which are made into canoes, which are often large enough to contain a hundred men. The productions of the West Indies have been introduced suc- cessfully by the liritisli colonists ; European fruits are cultivated on the higher parts, and the vine flourishes in the gardens of Freetown. Yams, mandioc, pum2)kins, jilantains, and Indian corn constitute the principal food of the inhabitants. The climate is generally considered pec arly unhealthy, but there is great variation in this point in different years. The wet season, which lasts from [May to Xovember, is always ushered in and terminated by tornados. Nothing can exceed the gloominess of the weather at this period : the hills are WTapped in impenetrable fogs, and the rain falls in such torrents as to prevent any one m t .L . .— ^ - ^1 -. l'|. ■ .^ -..,,, ^ J ^.:^ ..^f Mw.»»i.A.. ' » ■jj. M ;u X^ fa:«i> «ro .A. «»ii*iHC4^*- 174 WORK IN THE COLONIES. from lonving his Louse. The air is loaded witli vapours, the destructive effects of whicli are observed in many ol)jects. Iron is covered "svith rust : furniture falls to pieces, the glue losing its tenacious ijualities : paper though well sized becomes unlit for use : "woollens, unless frequently lft:«#»*r"'"'"~ ' ':;rs?s5*' ''"«;i?f»^?nw'. "r.^-si' :: -■,..■ SIERRA LEONE. 175 )urs, the ^. Iron 3sing its mlit for id shoes le rapid of vege- , in con- •om the ? round, .e Sierra )nie city les, and schools, ipacious Indents, eek and of re- :ures is : souls. 1 been lopula- amme- people. The one is avery, iLcone '.ty for Indin :i\ Cf the progross of the ^on;^^^s misRion are as rcrnarkahlf as those wliich led to its iir^t estal)lislnn('nt. The finger uf Ctod was then seen in the singulai" providt^nce which guided the t()otste])S of the first missionary, tlic hoh)Vod Leacock, the first martyr of the Pongas, to tlie smaii town of I^'allaiigia, wheri^ a door was opened for the rocey)tion of the Gospel tlu^oughthe inllucnce of the chief, Eicliard Wilkinson, in whom a severe illness had awakened the remcml)ranr(.' of Christian instruction received hy liiin while a boy in this country and liad made him pray for years that a missionary inight be scni to liim and his people. 1'hat chief now slce[)S in death, near tiie plain building wliich he had lived to see erected to the w^orshij) of the one true God. P.ut tlio mission has not been left to struggle against lieatbenism unsup- ported by the nders of tlie people. Cbarl(\s AVilkinson, who succeeded his father as chief, r(.'sides at Domingia, and has en- couraged and aided the building of a church in thai town ; and his younger brother Lewis, acting chief at Fallangia, is a sme.ore friend of the mission and alibrds to the niissionari'3S valuable help. Painful evidence has been afforded of the unsuitableness of the European constitution to tln^ climate of tlie Pongas — four missionaries have ftiUen victims to the malaria (3f the country, and the fifth (the Kev. A. Phillips) has been coinpelled l>y re})eated attacks of dangerous illness to withdraw. "Whilst however it has thus been shown what dangers and difhculties surround European .Jiissionaries sent out to the Pongas, and tbat Africa must be regenerated niainly tlirough tlie instrumentality oF her own sons, all the appliances for tb.e traiiinig of missionaries of African descent have, by a remarkaijie 2>rovidence, been providinl, and men have been raised up l:)y the great Head of the (.'liurch to extend the woik of the mission. There is now a staff con- sisting entirely of such labourers. The chief missionary, tlie Pev. J. H. A. Duport, who went out at first with ]\[r, Leacock, I* -v^ffc-i r* » r « » if' , 17() WORK IN THE COLOXIEH. althonoh a West IiuliMn, Is of pure African blood, and was trained at Codringtoji ( ollcge in Harltadns nndci- tlio higlily- estcemed jtrincipal, tli<^ Kuv. K. Rawlo. Tlio lie v. d. A. ]Mauri(!e is of the same extraction, and wa!< trained at the same institntion. In 1S()2 a (.'hi'istian family, alnoof African descent, was sent from Darl.nidos to aid in the work of the mission. Two of its mem- hers are employed as carpentei's, and the elder of the two, the father of the family, cultivates the mission-land given by the late chief, and is iiitroduciMg an improvomingia. Here a church has been erect(?d lately and a school has been established, the teacher of which acts as a lay reader during the absence of an ordained missionary. The population of Domingia does not much e'xceed 100, but a large proportion attend churcli and school. About six miles to the eastward is Y<3ngisa, tht3 capital of (Jhief Tom, -who attends cliurch sometimes at Domingia and sometimes at Fallangia, walking in the latter case about eleven iuiles and in the former more than half that distance, besides crossing a broad river on the way. SIERRA LKONE. 17 and was r^ liighly- . ]\Iauri(?e istitution. sent from its niem- ' two, the 1 1 by t]}e iltivation i\Iorgan, Barbados, Lt(}d mis- II family ^allangia. i^d to the III I'arba- r(^ being of mud ^ service ing and Imission- cns pre- so been d lately cts as a . Tlie a large to the cliurch :ing in |e than way. Chief Tom has oftrn been aeo(>m[tanied l)y several of his p(.>(«[>lo, among whom may be specially mentioned the formidable Jktn- stntiji, the late ])ersonatoi' of Satan, who in that capacity Avas formerly the tc^rmr of the Ponuas country, Chief Ti.m now projioses to buihl a church at Vengisa at his own cost : and a black missionar;y is being sought for in tlie West Indies to occupy this stati(.>n. About eight miles to the south-east of Inallangia is 8ameia, a town of considei'able populatioi\, vlioHy heathen : at the reriuest of th( chief it is now proposed t(.) establish a station here, and a missionary i> being sought for this place as for Yengisa. Many other towns contiiining a great population art^ more or less prepared for Christian teaching and discipline ; but men and m( ans are sadly deficient. It is hoped that a station may be soon established among the Susus in the Isles de Los, about half way between the lV>ngas and Sierra Leone : these islands are hilly and free from the malaria oc- casioned by large rivers, and it is thought that the Pongas mis sionaries, when suffering from fever or debility, might iind thorn a healthy place of occasional resort, and thus avoid the necessity of going to Sierra Leone or England for change of air. 'fhe Susu language, which has been acquired by ]Mr. Duport and into which he has translated the Prayer-book for use in the daily service, is the language of a large tract of country which is by this means open to the missionaries of the Pongas.^ Various plans are being tried for the improvement of the natives, some of which are spoken of in the following letters from Mr. Maurice. Writing in May, 1863, he says : — '*! am trying to help Mr. Lewis Wilkinson in establishing the cotton trade in this part of the 1 Colonial Church Chronicle, vol. xvil. pp. 60, 441. A full account of this interesting mission has been given from time to time in the pages of the Mission Field, and a memoir of Mr. Leacock was written by the Kev. Dr. Caswall, entitled, " The Martyr of the Pongas." ii^ii oi;?; if-'/'Virk;: 178 WORK IN THR OOT-ONIES. •I coiiiitiT. This I do 1)V piili-iiig liiin m tlic way of preparing tlio yoil, iu well as in ()l)iai.nin«4' otliei' assi.stanco I'roiii morchant friomls ni' mine in Si(!TTa Leoiii!. 1 ilimk him an ent.(M'prising person, wIjo, with a litih'. oncuuragement., wdujij prove a l)k'ssing to his countrv and a valuable help to our mission. It is not enough Inr ns to attend only to the spiritual wants of the iH'0])le, but we must also iis(i oui' ^'udcaA'^ours to })etter theii" temporal condition. They will tlion believe tliat the mi.ssion is no delu- sion. One chief askt'd what good the mission had done for the pet J] tie. lie said tliat the slave-trade had been overthrown by us and no otln^r trade established hi its jjlace ; thai once the chiefs and free people liere could, wear tlie very best of clothing, and had all their wants satisfiiid, but that since the coming of the missionaries they are being rruhiced in circumstances daily. 1 thiidv that the Bisliop's proposal made some time ago, of having mercantile business carried on here under thi; ausj^ices of chief Wilkinson, a very good one indeed, and woidd be among the greatest blessings put forth, by the Society. Mr. AA^ilkinson is quite ecjnal to the task, and 1 tliiid\ him quite e(|ual to take care of a trust. ... I should be glad to have at least two cotton gins from the African Aid Socic^ty. If they cannot give ihem I. am Avilling to pay for them. We hope to send to England next year at least six bales of cotton to T)egin Avith. .... With all our di'awbacks here there is much, and very much too, for which ^v(i havij to be thankfuL I. am f^ometimes le are earnest, ,.-pr--«f.-- SIKUIiA LEONE. 170 repair in g lorchant 'I'prisiTif; blessing [1 is not i people, :eni]K)reen I Ml cn- by the arnest. ^ I ■ :1 ami I liclii'VP tliev really lUsiii' tn invvonsc in llio kiiMwIcili'i' of (iotl. Tlu'y attend the ?iieans of giaee with niiieli sei-icaisness, an'l we are anipl\ i'e',>aid for our exertions aiiioiii; tliem. Last year's laiiiiiif lias t.inght llie ['e"pl.' a lesson, and ni>iliin«4 '»!" the sort has In'on felt this year. Theyliave planted mni, yams, and a lar^e <|uantit3' "f i i'-e — besides a good deal m1" eotton. Falliingia will collie (lav, I ht'ju', become all important plaee. May it be the Antioch of the ll'v. I'ongas ! " At presejit the eontributions to this imix'rtant niissiun, lu llu' West Indii's. may 1)0 estimated at about 8U<>/. a year. iS'early as much iiiuie is given in England — vi/. l>et\\<'rn h)0/. iind ')0<>/. in salaries from the Society for the Propa;_:ation of the .sj)o1, and between 300/. and 400/. by piivat(5 subscriptions, hVom 30/. to 50/. animal I V is contribiiled in Sierra r.e<-ne, l)Ut the entire, income available f(jr this pii«mi'-Mng "nieiprise is certainly under 1,700/. The Gambia colony extends over Ihirty-ei^ht sfpifro miles of territory, and contains about 5,000 native liiitish subjects. Only one chaplairx is provided for this colony, and in consetpience of death and tlie failure of healili it is too often left di.'stitute of anv church services, and is indebted for Adi<^ious instruction to the labours of the AVesleyan Mc'tliodists. The colony upon the (Jold Coast contains, it is believed, about 450,000 souls, for whom no provision is made by the ( -luirch, except the occasional residence of a chaplain at C 'ape ("oast Castle. At Abbeokuta and Dada-^rv, in the iUglit of Lenin, a large body of the liberated Africans liave settled, and great numbers of the heathens have ceased to worbhi}:) the gods of their eountry. At Abbeokuta there are iuav three missionarn'S of the Church Missionary Society, two native clergymen, and three European catechists, besides forty native helpers ; and there are 1,500 N 2 ' i i 180 WoHK TN THE COLOMEH. native Christians, of whom r>00 arc coniniunipants. This city hafs been much ondan^^'ored hy t]i(} hostile noiLrlibourhood of the followers of the Kinjjf of I>ahomey. It <'ontaiiis the lirst Chris- tian ehiirrh whicli. in the interior of 8ouening8 as those already mentioned might soon be multiplied upon the AVestern Coast of Africa, and there seems now a fair prospect of establishing and extending u])on tluit once afllicted coast the blessings of the Gospel of Christ — that Gospel which alone can make the sons of Africa free iiidcHHl, and secure to them the promise of the liie that now is, as well as of that which is to como. TTIE NIGER. In a hitter addressed to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Committee of the Church Missionary Society pointed out, " That the foundations of a native (Jliurch^in Western Africa were laid more than fifty years ago by the devoted and self-sacrificing labours of European missioiuiries , that the Church had been gradually extended and brought to maturity by a succession of European and native labourers, till at present it may be esti- mated at nearly 20,000 members, comprising twenty-tw^o native ordained ministers, and eighty native teachers and catechists ; that the native Christians are chiefly resident in the Colony of Sierra Leone, where nine j)arishes have been formed under as many native clergymen, who are independent of the Church Missionary Society and under the direct superintendence of the Bishop of Sierra Leone, and wholly supported by the contribu- tions of the people ; that other native members of the Church r - ■■ I Hm WTipnll W IB) »^l ijEiE)! [ft:iif*':^t*^- TIIE NIGER. ISl liis city 1 of tlio. it ( ^liris- aised up spiritual rnriiisiiig iiltipliod w a fair all lie ted d vvliich L^ciiro to it wliicli iry, the " Tliat ere laid crificing id been i^i ■W' have settled at various points along the coast, whih' at Lagos and Aiiheokiita (1,. '500 miles from Sierra Leone) anothci- native Church, comprising ni^arly one-fourth of ihe wlmjc nundjer of Chntch memhers, is rising up, nnd(n' the ])astoral care of European missiunariiss and native ministers, tin; latest acces- sion to the Church being on he hanks of the Kiver .Nig«;r (1,500 miles from Sierra Leone) where none bnt native ministers and teachers have yet labuuied, and where hetwticn 100 und 200 converts have been collected. The Diocese of Sierra Leone comprises only the Britisli colonies nn the coast ; and as the Bishop resides at Sierra Leone, tli(j western extremity of the dioccvse, ei)iscopal visits to tlj(! distant colony of Lagos are necessarily rart^, and to parts beyond the limits of the Letters Patent, especially to the River ^'igcr, hardly pi-iu'ticahle. Hence many native teachers are waiting for ordination, and many converts of long standing are w'aiting for confirmat ion." Under these circumstances, the Committee represented to his (Irace the need of providing for the more fre([uent exercise of e]»iscopal functions in the eastern ])ortion of the coast, especially for the missions in the interior, and for the full developnn^nt (*f the Niger mission. And the Archbishop at ojic<* signilied his con- currence with the Committee's suggestion that the Kev. Samuel Crowther should be consecrated a Bishop to exercise episcopal functions in the countries beyond the limits of her Majesty's dominions in Western Africa. The consecration of the Bishop took place in Canterbury Cathedral, on the 29th of June, 18{)4. The history of Bishop Crowther, extending over fifty years and more, from a state of abject servitude to his present position, is a very romantic one, and has already been alluded to in the account of Sierra Leone. Llis original name was Aljai, and his family lived at Ochugu in the Yoruba country. In 1821 he , ! 182 WnhK IN TIIK COLONIES. was carried off Ly tUo Kyo "MaliomntanH, waR oxclmn.c^fMl for a liorso, was n^'aiii ex«!haiip,'(Ml at Ihilululi, and cruelly trcattMJ, was then again sold '^s a slave for sftiuc tobacco, was captured ])y an Kn;^'lisji sl»i|)-of-war, and landed at Siona I.eonc in 1822. IFc was l)ai»tiziHl in \S'2^\ takin<;' the nanies of the vicar of Christ (..'hurch, Xewf^'iito-ati'cot, Samuel Crowther. In IX2[) ho maiaiiul Asano, a native girl, who had been taught in the same scliool with him. Ho was then for some years sclioolmaster of IJegent's Town, and su})se<(uently accompanied .he first Niger expetlition. Arrived in England, ho was sent to th<^ Church ^lissionary (Jollege, Islington, and was oidained by the Bishop of London. In 1854 he accompanied the second Niger expedition, of wliicli he lias written a very able account. He has sinci^ bi'cn an active clergyman at Akessa, and has translated th(.' lUble into Yond)a, and nndertaken various other litei-ary wttrks of a reli- gious cliaracter for the benefit of his African brethren. Almost adjoining Sierra liit "wliile" (to use the words of a liviiij^ writer)^ 'S)ther hranclies of \]u\ African ( 'liurcli have V)een swept away, like the sands of the desert ; while the Church of ( "arthnjjje, where the holy Cyi)rian lived, and was niartynd ; and that ot Hippo, where St. Augustine wrote and laboured, have left no tj'aec of existence, the Church of Ii'y|>t still exists. Tli.it i)atri- archate, one of the four so distinguished, that which th(! great St. Athanasius so splendidly adorned, still has its lingering traces ; and along tlh; Nile, and di'cper in the country, Churches yet remain t(j testify to the grace of ( Jod, which sent St. Mark to bear to Africa the glad tidings of salvation." The (.'o})tic Church still nund)ers iri(),()0(i native Christians, and is presided over by twiilve llislvops; but many corruptions have crept into this venerable branch of the Church of Chri' t, and tb.o clergy, generally speaking, are in a sadly degraded and imj)overished state.- Several efforts have been made by the Church Mission- ary Society to raise the C'optic Church t/rroHt/h itst^l/, antl tlie two missionaries, resident at Cairo, (where a mission was iirst established in \S'2(j) have made periodical voyages up the Nile, for the i)urposo of distribute ^ the Scrii)tures and exchangin frientlly communications. But their ellbrts have not as yet been crowned with any visilde success, and it has been found necessary to abandon an institution which the Rev. d. M. T. 1 *'Sormons for the Holy Days," by the Kcv. J. H. Finder, p. 228. 2 Colonial Church Chronicle, vol. iii. p. 5S. if o ^'■>.'^f rT^.-'^^tF --^* I \ «f?^'^)j.i- ^- (r ll'v;;' f •"-;)- .-■ .laiJ i mi Mw 184 WORK IN THE COLONIES. Lioder "had estiiblishoJ luidcr the sanction of the Patriiircli, for tho oducation of (.'andidates for the. Coptic priostliood. A female institution, under the siii)eriutendence of Mrs. Lieder, appears to have been more successful, and is still maintained. The city of Alexandria — over -svhose ancient Church Ht Athanasius more particularly presided, and in which Origen, Clement, Cyril, and many an other illustrious Father witnessed a good confession, and laboured and suffered for the cause of the Gospel — like the rest of Egypt, is now chiefly inhabited by the followers of the folse prophet Mahomet, but there are many members of the Creek Church also settled there. In conse- quence of there being a few English residents, and a great num- ber of travellers passing through in the course of the year, efforts were made a few years since to build an English Church here. In 1849 the Society for the Propagation of the Cospel opened a special fund for this purpose, and a considerable sum was collected. A clergyman, the Rev. E. Winder, was appointed, and the C'hurch (dedicated to St. Mark) was at length o|)ened for Divine Service, on Christmas-d.'iy, 1854, and consecrated by Pishop Gobat, on St, Mark's-day 1855.1 The Church Missionar}^ Society commenced a mission on the eastern coast of Africa in 1843, and there are now three mis- sionaries labouring among the Wonica tribe at a place called Kew Eabba}^ " The discoveries of Vogel and Earth in the centre of Northern Africa, and the still more recent discoveries of Speke and Burton in the East, synchronising so remarkably with those of Dr. Livingstone in the inteiior of Southern Africa, mark a progress in our geographical knowledge of this continent within the last ten years greater than has been made since the earliest attempts in this century to explore the interior. The blank expanse of ^ See Go.s2)el Missionary, vol. v. pp. 49, 96. m- '■ :.^^.^^iP-r^m^''xm*m:s^^3^ THE NIGEH. 185 'ch, for female tears to cli St. Drigeii, tnossed 1 of the by tlie J many conse- ,t nuni- e vear, Church Gospel )le sum >ointed, ojiened ted by on the )e mis- called )rthern rton lof Dr. rogress he last tempts Inse of If the map, unreheved by a siugh^ name or the faintei^t outhne of it^* pliysical features, fringed here and tliere ah)ng the coast-line with a narrow belt of names, is gradually being tilled in with the routes of travellers from the northern coast to the Niger, ix.id from the Cape almost to the Iv^aator. And these discoveries have already modiiied and rectitied to a great extent our pre- conceived notions of the interior of Africa, and give promise of results as important and interesting as any in the history of geographical science. Xor is the eontrast between the actual and the imaginary niort^. remarkable in the physical than in the moral aspects of the country. The accounts of the various tribes visited by these recent travellers go far to prove that the worst features of the African character ai'e by no mear.s indi- genous, but entirely the results of the slave-trade. Wherever the influences of that abominable traffic have sj)read — and it has extended itself throughout the breadth of the land to the north of the equator — it has uniformly had the elfect of de- grading the people to a level far below that in wdiich it found them. But in the parts hitherto unvisited by slavers the native African character appears in an entirely different light, and will bear favourable comparison with the best specimens of savages with whom we are acquainted." ^ It is one of the best proofs of life in our branch of tlie Church, that we are beginning to think more and more of the perishing souls of the heathen. And if one cimntry more than another seems to demand from us some recompense for wrongs towards her children, it is Africa, the centre of slavery, the land of Ham. We have burst the fetters which bound the limbs of the African and his clescendents in our own possessions. Ihit our work is only half accomplished : it remains for us, by greater acts of self-denial, and labours of love, to break the bonds of ^ Colonial Church Chronich', vol, xiv. p. 42, 18G WORK IN THE COLONTRS. Satan "wliicli enslave tlie soul ; to send forth ministers of Christ from England, in sonKithing like proportion to the necessities of the heathen. We must see more among our clergy reatly to spend and be spent in missionary labour ; and we must con- tribute more bountifully than we have yet done to the Proj^aga- tion of the Gospel, MAURITIUS, The island of Mauritius \ras among the early discoveries of the Portuguese on their settlement in India. It was first visited by them in the year 1507, but although they retained possession of it for nearly a hundred years, no settlement was made u]>on it until 1638, when the Dutch, ])erceiving the advantages of its ])osition, established themselves on it, and erected fortifications for its defence. The island was named by them j\Iauritius, in compliment to their Stadtholder, Maurice, Prince of Orange. In 1712 it was abandoned by the Dutch, and soon after colo- nized by the French, under whom it gradually increased in prosperity and importance, until the period of the French Revolution. In the war which followed, Mauritius fell into the hands of the English, in whose possession it was finally secured by the Treaty of 1814. When the island came into possession of the English it was stipulated that '' the inhabitants were to preserve their religion, their laws, and their customs," and that " all the religious esta- blishments of the colony shall be preserved without any change, with their jirivileges and revenues." The way in which these stijRilations have been carried out by the British government cannot fail to excite the surprise and indignation of all who are acquainted with the circumstances ; and it has for numy j^ears occasioned the inench service here and at Aloka and Plain Wilhems, which it would be delightful to meet at once, if possible ; and . I hope to establish a French service the Sunday after next here, which will make four in the day in this church ■ .^t^ I -.:^,^^t ^ ,t0t i 4 .!l-?''^7«3«'' MAURITIUS. 180 give M ce, if [iday ircli for two persons. Towards PaniplenKUisscs Www, is ;i geii(M*al desire for an English service, but 1 cannot uieet it. The schools still bi^lnngiiig to the Society, 1 ho])e to send you a full report of, Avhen 1 have visited them, and l)ope they will be made very useful for our work. I have just read wilh deep interest a statement made hi hSIT) by Dr. Denny, respecting tlie missionary openings then existing. The i;hum was urgent then, as there were 50,000 Indians ; now there are 1:20,000. ... 1 liavT. received a letter from an uidcnown writer, odering 5,000/. for the support of training .-.chools, and promising to use every effort in connexion witli the venerable J^^ociety when my j)lan3 were deveh^ped. If you know" this individual, perliai)s you will kindly tell him tliat I did not receive his letter till last week, and that 1 should be most thankful for any help he can give lo this proniiising field of labour." In 185G the Bishop visited the Heyclielles Islands, confirming ninety persons at iNlahe and sixty-nin<5 at Praslin, and on his departure was loaded with presents of shells, fossils^ and fruit, by the grateful inhabitants. In 1857 the Society increased its annual grant to this diocese to 500/. ; and the report of missionary work done and cojitem- plated was most encouraging. In 1859 the Society was enabled to dou1)le its grant, and resolved to found a mission for the benefit of the Malagaches, or immigrants from Madagascar, who are ciontinually coming over to Mauritius and settling for the most part on the south- west coast. This year the Bishop concluded a visitation and missionary tour of more than 3,000 miles, in the course of which he had visited all the inhabited islands (fourteen in number), of the Chagos group, about a thousand miles nearer India than the Seychelles. In 18G1 the Society granted 200/. for a church for the East 100 WnllK IX THE COLDNIES. 4 IndiiTTi convorts in the midst of a i)opiil;itio]i of 70,00i) Coolies, ail sj)('akiii<^' Tamil ; ino/, for a oliuich at Moriio for the im- iiiif^q-anls from i\ra(la<;ii^(;ar ; lOO/. for a cliuvch at Vacoa.s for I (>,()<>(> Kast Africans ; and 100/. for a cliurch in tlie Seycliolles fur a mixiMJ po])u]ation of ahout 7,0(iO. In 1 S(;2 tlic l.*i^liop a''(;om])anied an embassy or de[aitation from our (.^)u(^en to the J\iiig of iMadagascar, IJadaiJia II. on the occasion (»f liis consecration. A Bihle from llie (t^noen was pre- sented by llic T)isho]i at tlie first interview. The next day tlie Th'sho]) offered the Iviug, in the name of tlie Church of luigland, missionarii\s and teachers for his peoph), stating that as Mv. J^llis (of tlie London Missionary Societv) was in Antananai'ivo, and six missionaries were to Ije stationed there, he thought of com- mencing o])f^rations in other parts, especially on the eastern and nortliern coasts. The King rf'plied that he would ghidly welcome all such help for Antananarivo, or any other part. In ] SG,*J the Hociety resolved to place two missionaries at tlie disposal of the Bishop for the commencement of a mission in jNIadagascar. Maui'itius, with the exception of Antigua, the smallest of our cokniial dioceses, contains an area of about 1,400 square miles, the island of Mauritius itself Iteing about half that size, or nearly as lame as the county of \Vorcestt;r. This island is surrounded by a coral reef, the scene of the shipw^reck in »St. Pierr(3's well- known sttuy of " Paul and Virginia." The land rises from the coast to the middle of the island, and chains of mountains inter- sect it from tlie centre to the shore, mostlj^ covered w^ith timber, and few presenting bare rock, except at their very summits. Guavas, bananas, mangoes, bread-fruit, and palms are tlie com- mon garden-trees. Occasionally a tree fei'n, one of the most graceful of plants, is met with. The long feathered leaves grow in a mass npon the top of a stem thirty or forty j'eei high, and ";*i«*«*******^'" **T m..^ 'f ■•*r "(^ — 4»« •* •*■« ■ln>wi*^>*rtiit MI»*^^^*'"M»l«-^«^ «•! • ' ^ — i llio iin- oas lor 'cliolles aiiatiuii on tlio 'as pre- Jay the; [iglaiid, ■r. .1^11 is vOf and >f C(nn- ;rn and elcomc at tlio ion in of our miles, noarly unded wcdl- 111 the inter- tnb er. iniits. com- I most ;row and '%u T ■^mtmm MVURITIUS. 191 dosooiid nearly io the ground. 'L'ho level part of tho country is higldy euliivatcil, the principal crop Itciiig su^^ar <:ini\-i, round the Ixirdcrs of which arc planted juncs in sucli al)undance that they arc sold ordinarily at a penny c 'Avoj^-nce a piece. ( 'ardinal-; and parnxpiets and aniadavidsliave taken tln^ i.)lace oi' th(^ lioinely denizens of our lields and woodn, and tlio cliatlcr of a monkey occasionally startles you in your ranihles. 'flie luivarying hcauty of the clinjate is quite [>u//ling to one who has left for the iirst time the foggy island of T.ritain. You feel anxious to go some- where and do something, ^rlille snch/ijic faifhcr la.fr,«»^'«^f»»**r»_*^i»_-iJ«fc"*'-1 ■ ^.^^>^f^mi*^\ mm 102 WullK JN THE COLONIES. I ■ 1 Tlio Si^yclH'llos Tsliiiidrf, wliicli arc iiu'ludfcl in llio diocoso of MaiiritiiH, wore liist disiovorod liytlio French navigjitor l/icunlt, in 1712, and callcMl Sirlicllcjs from a French viscount <»f that name, and Uk^ principal island, Maho, fnjm tlie (lovornor of Mauritius at that time. Jt was cai>tured hy the English in 171M-, aiul tlie Avhole <,n'ouj) was made a do]KUidoncy of i\rauritius at the Peace of |S| 1. Tlie group consists of ahout thirty islands, seven or ei^^ht of which ;iro more or less inhahited. The pojmla- tion amounts to 7,000, and consists almost entirely of emant'i- patcd slaves of African origin and their families, the remainder Ix'ing composed of persons d('SC(uuled from ancit^nt settlers at JMmii'itius and iJourhon, and of a very few of immediate luiglish or Fi'ench origin. The white inliahi cants generally helong to the Romish Church by tradition or haptism. The emancipated negroe- are for tho most part still unbaptized, and the others are eitiier memlters of our Church or that of Kome. 'The islands have never been visited by any clergy but our own ; first by Mr. Moreton, ami subsequently by the lie v. L. Banks from Mauritius, about 1810. In 18-1:3 the Eev. 0. Delafontaine was stationed here bv the Society for the I*ropagation of the Gospel, but an increased allow- ance from the Colonial government enabled tht; Society to with- draw its annual grant for this purpose in 1854. The islands were visited by the Bishop of Colombo in 1852, wlien seventy- five i)ersons were admitted to confirmation. Churches have bec^n erected at Mahe and Praslin, the two principal islands, and also at a third, La Digue, which is visited regularly by the Society's catechist who is stationed at Praslin. The chaplain resides at JVIahe, which contains four-fifths of the entire population, 1,000 of whom are located at the capital. Port Victoria. He appears to be labouring zealously in his work, though the difficulties he has to struggle against are many and ?r"eMes»- MAt'hl' -L'S. 193 gront. T]i(\so wo may h'">]to will ' ^ ui'uilui Iv los-T^nt'd iio»v tl.,i^ these, distant islaiids li:i\. icccivt'il tli«' hoU'-iit i>|>u1 »in|M>i' iiiieii." A few extraets an* siih|.)in('d tVoin the Jhshi^p's repMit t<» the Society in l«S(J2, of tlm |irogi'i3ss t)f the Churidi in Ins dioei'se, and of tlie spiritual ^vants yet unsui»plied witliin it. — "There are now fourteen ek'rgymen altaclied to this dioees.', Avhieh is an increase o*^" (devt;n IVnin the nmn'orr I tounars(ma«;»^ uini soln»ol. At Mokii iin in IV nl ground is giv( n for tin- liouso. At Viicoim filiinit fom rtcjvs, on which \\<' now liavc a ])oys' and girlw' .scliool, an ftfr/t^r , ,i parsonage, ami the l)«>gin- tiing of a «tngiiig to Uw < 'hmdi. All our sorvicos ajid schnul opcral inns were cai'ricd on in hired huilding-^ ; now we liav(3 a stjnai'c (if grouml in an (>xceHent situation at !Malii'' regulaily con- veyed 10 us, on which the i hureh is hiiilt. I'he schools are on grouml foj-nially nia«h' over to tlic Church of I'lngland, and at Prashn the ground for a i laboui'ers ; there are many \'ill.ige encanijiments which are beyond the power of our cate- cliists and schoolmasters to teach, and every year, since my resi- dfuico here, has added to the number of the heathen around. They are numerous, they are aricessible, they are under favour- able circumstances in some respects, iis they are removed froiu the influence of casto, and their condition, ;is sojourners for a time, only rtmders them likely to diffuse in India whatever they may have aci[uired here, wLv^ther good or bad ; while those; of them who remain, which is a hi rgcc pi-oportion, furnisli the ■Ti-V •'♦ "r--. '^T^' AIAI RITIUS. li>:) ISO. At )ys' aiul )iio iiu'h d HcliDol > have a arly con- Is ai'o on , uiul at I'lMllllOUt, id ;q>pru- when lie lun^liiused ^ei'iiiuont X iidjoiii- I (Uoccso, ant Kast rjtins, in specially iLTo aro [Vtjctnally many |<»iir catc- v\y resi- 1. tiroun< iavour- ed fi'om U'ls for Iver tlicy lie those iiisii the V material tor a Christian rlmreh, into which n<'W ooiium's nii;j;ht \h' lasily ;4atht'n'd hy the ^Tace and hlcssiii;^' nf (Jod. . . . I)i ( Miii'liisioii, I Would ) ;irn»'stly iuipi't'ss upon the e»iinmittee tho laet of (nu most iciiiai kahlf pOMtioii ; that wi- are hcariiij^' th«j witness (4' the < laiich nf JMiLrlaud ai^ainst h'omaii assnniptioii and error ; tluit wf- ar<> -mvfnimd'd with tlie ii^iioiant and initauj^'ht lieathen of many liiuds, whom it is onv ilnty to evanj^'eli/e ; that wv. have to consoiidate the position nf miii ( "hun'h with rcferenco to tho permanen«T ot tli»' ministia(i*»ns jkmmIihI l)y her own mom- hri's, to cln'ri>,li infant < '1 lurches from amon^- Ihc he;ith«'n, to h(5 ])r<^{iared for any call that may he addnssse.d to us IVo' • re^^ions beyond, esixM-ially from Madaj^ascar, and that, tlmiclbrf, w'c still ;;reatly n-^ <1 tlie help which oui- hrt'lhren at honm can 3. The London Missionary Society has resumed its work, has raised a sum of 7,000/. and has sent twelve missionaries to the island. Fourteen Iioman Catholic missionaries are said to be already in Antananarivo. The Church ]Missionary Society has sent two missionaries^ and tliese have been followed by two more, the Rev. J. Holding aijd Rev. W, Hqj, sent by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel to found a mission there, and ordained for that purpose by the Bishop of Mauritius, on his return from England to liis diocese, in June, 180 4. r?Kj;" CALCUTTA. 19: coast ol' channel. IV lartfer s. 'rke repcateil rencli to e llonian \'ere y»er- proclaim in that fourteen ated and two largo preaching It natives aa I. died the mis- cut olf land and e present nncrce of [issionary 00/, and |n Roman Inan arivo . ries^ and ding and n of the purpose nd to his CHAPTEE X. T\'ORK FN" ASIA. INDIAN DIOCESES. — CALC CTTA — MADRAS — BOMBAY. OVLCUTTA. In the reign of (^)ueen Elizabeth a company of merchants ap- plied to her for a charter of incorj)oriition, and ojjtained by that deed, on the 31st December, 1-3U'J, an exclusive right of trade in the Indian and Chinese seas, for a term of fifteen years. The charter thus given was renewed from time to time, and from this h limbic commencement the ''East India Company " gradually rose into a commercial body with gigantic means, and at length, by the force of unforeseen circumstances, assumed the form of a sovereign power, while those by whom it Avas directed continued in their individual capacities to be without power or political influence ; thus priisenting an anomaly without a paralL'l in the history of the world. Numerous and of vast extent as the other British colonies may be, tlieir direct value to the mother country sinks into insignificance when compared with that of the mighty empire which, within less than a century, England has, on the continent of Asia, acquired for herself A hundred years have not yet run their course since the only property which she owned in. that part of the world consisted of the factories and trading stations belonging to a few of her adventurous merchants. And now ■f 108 WORK IN THE COLONIES. she is mistress of a territory Avliich, if measured by square miles, presents an area four or five tijiies larger than that of France, and is peo])lcd by at least 140,000,000 inhabitants. IJritish India, it is well known, is divided into the thn-e presi- dencies of Jjengal, Madras, and Bombay. We will therefore first speak of Ijengul ; its capital city, ('alcutta, being likewise the capital of the wliole empire and chief seat of government, thoiigli the earliest possessions of the Kast India Company were in that part of the country now included in the presidency of Madras. The commencement of the power of the English in Bengal dates from the year 1652, when their first settlement w^as made at Hooghly. This was in 1698 removed to Calcutta (then an insignificant village), and Fort William was built ; but it was not before 1765 that the English obtained absolute power in Bengal. The first Protestant mission in Calcutta was opened in' 1758 (the year after Clivc's celebrated victory at Plassey), by the Rev. John Kiernander, in connexion wnth the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge ; and the first church and schools built there (on which he expended upw^ards of 100,000 rupees) were monuments of his Christian liberality and zeal. I'hus the eighteenth century witnessed the rapid growth of British power in India, and the successive stages of the develop- ment of its dondnion. On that field of conquest w^ere beheld some of the noblest displays of human enterprise and glory, and a host of able men might be seen in every di' the Jleton iiHons, t least m and of the d at Lce )tter, ') s |ishoi: the ,000/. [TO, my at )f the lof the of )f the ion Imes (. jf al in 824 o\ve( -^1 s^&sssss:as cri^»^ r-jvr^Y^ IX^ ^ H < > I ^nr^lV "' ^ f '^*-— ■.»«•«'««*»»«!« im^frff'' CALCUTTA. •20] i>i.sJiop MuMlotmi was snininoiiod to his rest, ufter a Imv (lays' illness, on tlio Sih .luly, 1S22 ; prematurely, as wo niav iliink, M'hile lie wa.s enj^^ai^'cd in so distinguished a career of usei'ulness, hut doubtless not Ixvfore ho had done tlio woik allotted to him by the j)rovide,nce of (lod. Reginald }b?,b(a', whoso virtues, tabnts, and early death have made his nnuie so well and widely known in England, was se- lected to till the resi)onsiljle officer of second ihshop of Calcutta, and arrived in Tnllege bt^gan to send out its alumni, the establishment of several other missions followed ; and from that time each year's report shows a stiuidy increase in the number of conversions and baptisms. The power of ory Ihshop Middleton, was at length conceded; and it was iJishop lleber's privilege to exercise this power for the first time in admitting to Holy Orders, Christian David, a native of Malabar,, and a pupil of the apostolic missionary 8wartz. After two years and a half of devoted attention to his :»isco- pal duties, Bishop If eber was suddenly summoned from the scene of his labours on the 3d April, 182G. His death called forth one universal cry of lamentation, throughout India and England. "^^ ever," it has been said, "had there gone forth a lUshop from our shores on whom had b\f)t('tl ilic iiiton.'st of S,(HM)/. tn'in the .Iul)ilo(' Fr.ml to ttic cstaljlisliiiient of a misvsioii at I >i!llii, oin'O the capital of tli«- most [towcrful of the Hindoo sovi'ri'i^iis, ainl under t'rahomodans one of the most splendid ciiie- in Asia. Ii contains 2;*»i>,0()() mliahilants. In [><'U tire mutiny in the llengal army, with idl its accom- ]ianying horrors and disastrous^ eonse<[uem.'es, filled Kni^dand Avith grief and consternation. The promisin;:^' missions ot l)elhi and Cawnporc^ ^V(^re swept away, ainl the missionaries — the liovs. W. H. Haveock and 11. E. Cockev of C'awniiore, and the Revs. M. .1. Jennin^LTs anelhi, Avith. Mr. Sandys, a zeaK)Us eatechist there — all perished in the indiscrinunate slaughter of th(^ Kiiropeans. " We may not lightly attribute, the name of martyrs to all who die by the hands of unbtdievers : but a distinction akin to that of martyrdom may be claimed for men of whom we believe at least thus much — tliat in early life tln^y laid aside the study of the world and the llesh and d<'Voted themselves to the special service of ('nrusT, and in the way of His service were called by their Heavenly I\Taster to the iiery trial of those whom the swoi'd of the heathen r(deas^;s from cruel mockings and bonds, and dismisses t(^ rest * beneath the altar.' Not to afford an excuse for desertion to the faint hearted, not to excite an idle wish for succour from the secular arnj t(^ a spiritual cause, but to animate the courage of every faithful soldier of ( ■iiKiST, are such signs given to the (diiirch as the massacres at Delhi and Tawnpore, and the spfdiation and distress endured so bravely in Borneo." {luport, 1857.) The Society resolved at once, "vvith God's help, to re-establicsh 1 Vide (josjjcl Mmionary^ vul. i. p. 57. ..rt* . A..MHMOVMM flr«n-if'«'TS p*'i-*f Jli\%, - 204 WOUK IN THE COLOMF.S. witli iiicron>'.ed stron^dh and on a hroader foimdation the^ic mis- sions, which had been for tlic inonicnt (jiicmdu'd in hh)od. A Special Fund for the Extension of Missions in India was o])entid, and iji one year ahove J7,. was appointed his successor, and was consecrated in AVestniinster Abbey on the 13tli of May. In 1859, in the prospect of a large increase in the missionary body in India, the Society resolved to establish a resident Secre- tary at C'alcutta, Avhose special business would be to visit the missions, to correspond with the missionaries, and to re]U(h'. wonM form a diocese considerably larp^er than (ireat Ih'itain, with a ]toi»ula- tion of 'vf.liOO.OlM). Within this )st as large as Oreat Britain, with a pojiulation of 1 ;_i,00(i.(tOO. There are in its various cantonments about 14,000 English troops, and a con- suh3ral)le number of native regiments, also a large civil Euro[)ean I)opulation. The seat of government is Lahore, and the adminis- . £^J^>v» j;t*tHifM. in the north-west provinces there is now a larg(.' ncM chu.ch at liareilly, and in Oude ; the church areilly has b(.'en com})]eted. The churches in Cude have been all built by the governnio: ascer- ^'fi :— relies, Dpato, abso- I), and uall«r 10 re Ih rcli at have I one lurch were H also :Max- 011 at 10 rial . I ur to [iy in- (alter e), in been ordainctl it r.enare.s in tli<' previous \ovenil«'r. Of ilmso ordaiiir.l tliiiin;^' llio last ioiir years, live an' natives. 1 have con(irnurs»»ns ii. I-'.iiLflish, au"l I,(is*mii ilir veriiaeular. 'i'lic ( alcutia Cloiivliuian's AhiiiHiack for I No!) rontaim'd tlie naiiH^s only oi t'i«j:lii students «»1" llislmp's ('(•lle^'c; in tl)al nl I8ij,'i there aiv twenty. Tiu' numlx-r of elcrgy actually on the ref^nstcr of tlu" dioeesfi is iMC?, of wlioiu 170 arc in tin- country, whilr in l.'^.V.i tluTc were but l.'U. hi that yeai mir [>ioc<'san Adilit ional ( '!< r^y Soi.'icty <'nii)loy»'tl <'iii, foin ministers, n< w the nmiihrr on its list is twelve (<'t ^^ honi two are absent "U leave;, and it is able to provide imiiHMliiite enijtloynifnt l<>r ci;;ht nn>re. Tle'rc was then only one clei'i^'yniaii lab* Hiring among seamen ; there aie no^v tlir(;e, two inCah'utia anroofs. Though the cry still continues for additional chai)lains and mis- sionaries, it is satisfact(»ry to know that upwards of 100 chjrgy- men are employed in the various lields of labour in India and Ceylon, instead of the small band of thirty or forty overtaskf^d men whom l>ishop Middleton found there in 1815, while the number of converts to (Christianity now amounts to about 11:^,000 altogether, those under the care of the Society's mis- 1 1 208 VrORK IN THE COLONIES. sionaric'S alone havin;:^ roaclicd tlif) number of 28,227. Instead, too, of th(i four or live cliurclieH previously mentioned, iliere are now (includinf^ the missionary permanent cliurches in the various dioceses) above five liundred. Schools for the native as well as the British and Indo-])ritish ])0]>ulation have been establislied in every presidency, and the general s])read of education has ke]»t pace with the ministrations of the clergy. The government, althougli i>rofessedly standing neutral in the great contest be- tween (.'hristianity and Jleatlienism, yet by its efforts for the enlightenment of the people and tlie iiitr(.>duction of English arts and litt'rature, is silently paving the way for tljc ultimate triumpli of the truth. A great ste}> in this direction has been taken bv its abanrUniment of all connexion with the idolatrous cermnonies of llindooism : no longer is an apparent countenauco aiforded to pagan error. One ^' the many obstacles in the way of truth is the stiil prevalent tyranny of caste ; we cannot, how- ever, doubt but that this also will give way before the intiuence of tlio age. In the words of the late Rishop "Wilson — "the fields of India are white already for the harvest. An outburst of the native mind seems at hand. Hindooism. it is niv lirm belief, will soon altog(3ther hide its head. The crescent of Mahomet has already turned pale." Then turning to the instru- ments whereby the great movement is to be effected and aided in its ];>rogress, the ]]ishop thus spoke of the Society for the Propagati(m of the Gospel : — ''■ I consider it more than ever a mighty instrument, based on the footing of encer, in 1837. After zealously discharging the duties of his high olfico for twelve years, Bishop .Spencer was compelled by failing liealth to resign it into other 1 mds ; and Dr. Thomas 1 )ealtry, formerly Archdeacon of Calcutta, was consecrated third Bishop in 1849. Of the hopeful sUite of the Church at the close of 1851, Bishop Dealtry thus spoke, ^' When it is considered that there are in this diocese twenty-three missionaries, 150 catechists, and 135 schoolmasters employed by the Society — that three seminaries, and one grammar-school (viz. at Vediarpuram, Sawyerpuram, and Vepery, containing altogether more than 300 pupils) are supported by it for the training of missionaries, and the diffusion of sound knowledge — that the congregations con- nected Avith it consist of more than 19,000 souls, and that above 5,000 children are receiving instruction in its schools — that within the last six years sixty-five churches and chapels have been built (making 155 altogether), besides school-rooms, mission-houses, &c. — that in the same period 3,258 persons, adults and children, have received (christian baptism, and that in those six years only, nearly one million of rupees have been expended in the missions : — it is indeed cause for devout grati- tude and thankfulness, and should stir up our hearts when p 2 '% 212 WORK IN THE COLONIES. r '•*'• calling to mind what great things God has done for us. I would also bear testimony lo the truly evangelical and high character of the missionaries of this Society. In my late visitation my heart rejoiced to witness in Tinnevelly and Tanjore the fields white unto harvest occupied by these holy and devoted men, and to see the blessed fruits of their self-denying labours." In 1857 the Society's missionaries in this diocese had under their care 1G,87G baptized native converts <, including 3,731 com- municants) and 5,824 catechumens. The importance of native female education was daily more and more acknowledged ; one mission, that of Xazareth, had 228 female pupils in its schools. In 1858 the vSociety entered upon a new and important fi.eld of labour in Madras itself, in attempting to bring Christian influence to bear upon the minds of those Hindoos who have received a superior English education already, but who still continue heathens — a class of persons who may be numbered by thousands in each of the presidential cities. The Rev. W. A. Plumptre was sent out to Madras for this purpose. In 1859 the Society voted an additional annual grant of 700/, making in all IfiOOl. for the promising mission of Cuddapah. In 1860 the educational work in the Society's missions in Tinnevelly was very materially increased by a grant from the India Missions Fund, aided by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. On the strength of these grants there were founded ten Anglo- Yernacular schools of a class equivalent to the Goverimient Talook schools, intended to reach natives of the higher castes, and four boys' boarding schools. Other existing schools were improved and strengthened, six inspecting schoolmasterii were appointed, and seven school-houses were erected. In 1861 Bishop Dealtry, who had given the greater part of his life to the work of the Cliurch in India, died, on the 4th of _-^iUi,xl&*^^r^^ MADRxVS. 213 would iracter )ii my fields ill, and L under 1 corn- native d; one ihools. ,nt field liristian 10 have lio still jered by . W. A. of 700?, apah. ions in om. the juioting s there iivalent natives Other pecting :?s were part of 4:thof I i. . March. The Eev. F. (ioll, iJ.lJ. was appointed to succeed him, and was consecrated at Lambeth on the 29th of June. The diocese of jMadras is 144,889 square miles in extent (about twice tlie size of Great Britain) ; with a population of lG,33i>,42G. The total nuuiber of clergy is 139. The Society is occupying tAventy-five staticms in various parts of the diocese, viz. one at Secunderabad, three in the collectorate of Cuddapah, one at Cuddalore, four in the collectorate of Trichinopoly, eight in the province of Tanjore, two in the i\ladura district, and six in Tinnevelly. Connected with these stations there are numerous congregations, distributed through about 400 towns and villages, and comprising above 22,000 souls under the pastoral charge of the Society's missionaries. The educational work of the Society is very considerable. With the aid of the Society for I^romoting Christian Knowledge, it maintains three seminaries for the train- ing of native clergymen, catechists and masters : one at ^ladras, one at Yediarpuram in the Tanjore ptrovince, and one at Sawyer- puram in Tinnevelly. Besides these, it supports nineteen board- ing schools, twenty Anglo-Yernacular schools, and fifty-three Vernacular schools. These seminaries and schools contain 7,427 students and pupils. The number of missionary labourers occu- pied in this field is thirty-four ordained missionaries (of whom eleven are native clergymen), 133 catechists, and 219 school teachers. In addition to the pastoral and educational work, the luissionaries are more or less engaged in evangelizing the heathen, especially in the Cuddapah, Erungalore, l^uthiam- puthur and Edeyengoody missions, where this duty largely occupies the time and attention of their respective missionaries. Speaking of the great work wldch has already been accomplished the Bishop says : — " The sight of Tinnevelly scatters to the winds almost all that has been written to disparage mission work. The Christian will seek to preach the Gospel to the ■!^.^iii]ifiiiir-'-n-ii-iif-i- 'lirriMiiiaiiirili 214 WORK IN THE COLONIES. hf'atlien, though he sons no success, because his beloved ^Master has said ' (j!o ye intf) all the world, and preach the (rospel to every creature.' lint, unmistakably, in Tinnevelly the AVord of God preached ]\y devoted men has not returned to Him void, but has accomplished mu(;li. Tliere are men spending them- selves for the (h)spel ; there are native pastors, tried and effi- cient ; there are catechists bent on winning souls for Christ ; there are many congregations in wliich the heartiness of the peoplii and the preaching of their minister wouhl put to shame many an English Church ; there are external signs of something new and s(jmething better than the old heathenism, in the cleanliness and ordor of the Christian villages ; and there is an acknowledged superiority in the intelligence and civilization of the Christian population, which must influence for good the heatlien around.'' The earliest register of the Tinnevelly Church bears date a.d. 1780, at which time the number of Christians was thirtp-nine. In 18G3 the Church in Tinnevelly numbered 32,341 baptized persons, and about 10.000 or 12,000 catechu- mens ; ant. ■ ^ ^ ^: ,.. !■ -"-*_»:♦"-•» k MADRAS. 2ir> laster [)el to ord of void, tlicm- d effi- hrist ; of the shame ething in the •e is an ition of od the Church ristians nihored atechu- ?r than ^hinery heavy lliocese, Ivilling- Inselves pir own fellow- com- )narios, I 'IS that cese, it I i is^ impossible to avoid rt'nr.jtiiig on the ^Teat and periiliar difh- '•ukies ins('})ar;ihle from tlie missionaiy Hfo in ImUa. A mis- sionary, who had labouixid limg iu this country, in descrihiiig liis trials, s})oaks lightly of those of an outward kind, such as forsaking frionds aud country, when compared with that sinking of heart which ho feels when he looks upon the hundreds of thousands whom his voice can never reach : " the knowledge that days, and months, and years, ari^ passing away from you, while you are growing faint and exhausted, with little' or no visibh' fruit your labours: ^•'^u feel lonely, forsaken, useless; you L. ,k to -dends at honiv; for symi)athy ; they womler that you have no interesting story to give them ; they exi)e('t glowing reports of success, wh<;reas you have to tell them tiie sad truth, that the 'heaven' over your head is 'brass,' and the earth under you 'iron.' You look for support; they ask doubtingly, ' Is your work carried on well '? Are you faithful ] ' And along wath all this, to resist the effect of habit in seeing the abominations of idolatry around you : never to lose sight of the truth that the heathen are men for whoju Christ died : not to be ' weary in well doing ; ' to persevere in preaching, in weeping over their sins, and daily supplication for them ; and ever to ' speak the truth in love,' — these are the real difficulties of a missionary's hfe." We, in England, are indeed too prone to look w^th impatience for immediate and striking results ; we think that our mission- aries have only to publish the good tidings, to obtain a willing and ready acceptanc*?. Our riwn experience in our English parishes should disabuse us of these erroneous exi)ectations. An English chirgyman is overburdened witli the charge of 3,r»00 or 4,000 souls, all of them nominally Christians; many, or most of them, well instructed in the faith. Charitable i)ersons feel for his position, and associations are formed for assisting him in his \ 1 11 21G WOKK IN THK COLONIES. I ; . i < i i i ■ work. Too much in not expected from lu'm. While the poor missionary, under the scorching rays of a tro]iical sun, with a district varying in extent from ten to twenty miles in diameter, with a heathen pojmlation of tens of thousands, his converts scattered ahroad some twenty or thirty in a village, is looked upon with something like a suspicion of unfaithfulness, unless ho sends us from time to time glowing reports of his success. We exj)ect, in short, impossihilities. We do not consider how little one maji can do under such circumstances. We underrate the obstacles to the progress of the truth. In India they are ai>parently, by human instrumentality, insurmountable. Instead of distrusting our missionaries, we should encourage them : instead of looking for toe much from them, we should rejoice in what they have already done : and when we witness their self- denying labours, and go with them on their round of services, see them at every village assembling the people for public worship, preaching the word from house to house, prochuming the Gospel to the traveller by the way, answering the questions of anxious inquirers, as well as putting to silence the cavillings of gainsayers : when we know what missionary work really is, how incessant, how various, hoAV exhausting, all our Christian sympathies should be awakened for the missionaries, and we should strengthen their hands, and multi])ly their means of exe- cuting their Lord's commission. It will be the reproach of our Church if she continues to send forth her missionaries one hy one, to such extensive lields of labour, and then expresses disappoint- ment at the result. Our Lord sent forth his messengers ^' tivo and two before His fice, into every city .and place, whither He Himself would come." Until this Divine rule is acted on by ourselves, and two or more missionaries are associated together in every district, we must not complain, if we count the converts by tens instead of thousands. The fault is in ourselves, and ( r?155J8RHHIHb nl*-****''''*' BUM DAY. 217 poor with neter, ivcrts ooked Liuloss icces3. ir how levrate cy are n stead theui : nco m ir self- jrvices, I public liming estions lliiig3 Uv is, vistian nd we of cxe- of our hy onej )point- " tivo \ev He on by gcther iivcrtvS s, and not in our miss^ionarios : in ond>ay originally beh)nged to the Portuguese, and was by them made over to the English Oown in l(Jr»2, as a portion of tlie dowry of Catherine, the wife of Charles II. by whoui it was granted to the East India Company. In 1714: the liev. Kichard Cobbe was appointed chaplain to the settlement ; and by bis exertions a spacious and substantial church was built, and an or]>han school for European children establish(3d. After an interv;d of a hundred years this church was consecrated by I'ishop Middleton, in the course of liis hrst visitation to Bombay in 181G : it is nowtlio cathedral church of St. Thomas, and the school maintains and educates -lUO children in the principles of the Church. The first connexion of the Society with IJombay coninitjnced in 1830, with the establishment of a mission at Ahmedabad in the province of Guzerat ; but it met with a sad check in the death of the first missionary, the liev. T. 1). Pettinger, before he had been enableritish mission, having, during several years, received important assistance from the .Society, was transferred to the Bombay Diocesan (jminn'ttee in 18/)0, and for tbe n(;xt few years this diocese did not receive any assistance from the Societv. In 18.51 Bishop Carr was compelled by tlie state of his health to retire to England, and Dr. John Harding was consecrated second Bishop of Bombay. In 1800, the Society liaving resolved to resume its labours in this diocese, the Bev. Charles Green was appointed to the Society's vacant church (Trinity) at Bombay, and assumed the twofold office of missionary and secretary. But in the following year the Society sustained a great loss in Mr. Green's early dc^ath, after ton months' unwearied and self-sacrificing labour in the promising sphere to which he had devoted himself.^ In 18G2 the Kev. C. D. Du Port was selected to succeed Mr. Green, and was assisted in his missionary labours by the Bev. C. Gilder and three candidates for orders. The Society's missionary work at present going on in this diocese is summed up in the following report of the Diocesan Committef; for 1863:— "In addition to the Bev. C. D. Du Port, the Society's secretary, who is also nunister of Trinity Chapel, Sonapore, this mission now includes amongst its agents ^ A MoTiioir of the Rev. C. Oretu has been published by Kiviugtons, Waterloo Phiee, aiul may well be reciuijieiided to all who are interested ill iiiissioJiary ^: ork. r and com- Huatc »rtant being '.eived o the t few 11 tlie health crateil ahonrs to the (1 the [owing ileath, lin the ^icceed by the in this loeesan I). Du trinity lagents llortOllS, DOMDAV. 219 ■re ■sted four flcrrrynjcn aiul five lay aj^^'uts ; "f the latter, one is ii Jewish convert of consi(lerabk> attaininentM, wlio i)rf»inises to Ix' ^'reatly useful in relation s})<'('ially to the Jtswish and Mnssuhnan iH>pu- lati<;n. Two others, assistant cateeliists, arc eii^^M^'ed in teaching cateehisnis, and visiting h(%'ith(3n as wrll as ( 'hristian natives of tho Mahratliiand Tamil races. A fourth is en,L,'a.i;«'d as srhoohnastor in a Tamil C'aristian s'-IkjoI that has recently been establisl'ed, anil the fifth of these lay agents is a female catechist, or ]»il)le- woman. Slie visits the sick at the hospitals, and others at their own homes, and has been found very useful as a reader of Scrip- ture to the women connected with the ser\ ants of several gen- tlemen's households. Vernacular services are held in Tiinity C'hapel, as follows : — A service hi ^lahrathi on Sunday after- noons, a service in Knglisli and Tuiuil on ^londay evenings, and a service in Hindustani and Malirathi on Tuesday evenings. There is a Sunday morning service held in the distri(!t of ( \ima- teepoora, for the benefn- of Tamil ( 'hristians resiihint there ; and lately a Sunday service has been undertaken in the ( "hiistian ward of the 8ir Jamsetjee Jejeejjhoy Hospital, which has proved very aiv^eptable to the patients. ( )thc'r work of a more purely missioTiary character is being carried out independently of IJiblc classes and other classes of inquiry, whiorsecuti()n, that has been evidenced by soJiio of the converts connected with this mission/* The diocese of T>om])ay is 120,005 square miles in extent, conse«piently about half as large again as (Jn^it Jiritain and Ireland. 1 he population is estimated at 11, 109, 067, chiefly ^lahomi'dans and Hindoos: there are about ir),()00 English, 10,000 being members of our Church, the remaining 0,000 Komaniats and l^rotestant Dissenters. Only lifty-three clergy- men are at present labouring among this large mixed popula- tion. Thus, from a small and obscure origin, Bombay has become a large thjurishing city, the resort of traders of .all nations, and the settled habitation of about 300,000 peophj, speaking many lan- guages and professing many forms of faith. Nov is this all. Territories have been added, kingdoms acquired, and nations have submitted themselves to the government which ^^resides at Bombay, The province now extends from Dharwar to the Indus, iind from the sea to Apurghur, The subtilty of the Brah- man, and the power of the Mahomedan, and the resources of the Portuguese, have been e«[ually unavailing — all are prostrate — the vigour and life of their governments has long been inane and spiritless — before the power which rules in Bombay, and reigns supreme from ( 'ape Comorin to the Himalayas. The government is now one ; when will the religion be one ] Will the Church I l;rrt ill nlU a 'rtl, on lod at licre is ici'- l^as under juvcrts extent, liu and cliirah- s of the itite— the ane and d reigns ermnent Church ^1 UOMHAY. 221 he^ 10 powei-fiil as the mnjoHty of KngLmd f Will tin- filso Hyst«'nis of worship yi«'M one bycuie to the a^'emics now working for tlu'ir (h'stnulion { Will the pcdpio, (Hstrcs.scd and driven ahout liy evry wind of il<«ctrinn and t'V(>ry philoMophical .speeu- lation, idtinial«'ly ivciMve '* the one faith," and he 'jiithciid into "tin- one fold?" It is evident, that nntwithstauding the ohstaeles in the way, ;::reat Jidvanccnnrnt has hci-u iiiiide. In estimating the pnjgrcs.s of Christianity in India, we must look beyond mere siatisticn. 'i'he actual progress is nuich greater than the ai)parent. WIhtc truth roiivrying grace has issued in con- version anortion of the educated classes are fi'et to confess their persuasion of the fntth of Christi;init.y : they only a ant the moral courage to embrace it. 'J'he Hindoos in vr. > yiumbers li-.^e learnt tliat their system is full of errors, that tht ir v. orship is unworthvof reason- able beings, and that their priesthood is sinister ami tre((U(;ntly ignorant. Many now conctuve of the Divine I'eing more worthily. The views and sentiments of the peoj)le, wliere tho Gospel has been preached regularly, are greatly altered ; they understand and admit the claims of religion, as it allects tho moral sense. Truth has done much to develop conscience. The lower classes thrust aside the Tirahmins from ])lace and power. Thousands now api)rov»' <'f female education. The truths of tho Bible are heard with greater allowance, and numerous persons read Christian books. What then is the, duty, what the responsibility of the English Church I Possessed of the pure Word of CJod. is she not bound as a witnessing Church to preach the Gospel as '* a testimony to all nations ?" Our position as a Church is such as never fell M fifti.n .'iiiiff-i/i^ i 009 WORK IN THE COLONIES. to tlic lot of any p(iOple. There is a cry througliout our extended enipivii, " Come over and help us.'' Christeiidoui at largo admits the chiim. Germany and the United 8iate« send forth their agents for the enlightenment of India. Let the British Christian consider his privileges and his duties, in connexion with the facilities now presented in India, and oth(^r parts of the empire, for extending Messiah's kingdom, and he cannot remain long unmoved ; he must find himself impelled to action. The mag- nitude of the undertaking is confessed, the difficulty is equally apparent, but the enterprise is equally c(;rtain in its results. The promise of God cannot fail, and wluit can equal the tran- scendent glory of the object contemplated ? The emancipaticL. of tlic nations of India from the intellectual and moral bondage of ages may w(dl stimulate the energies and the activities of all who are acquainted with the designs of Infinite Icve in the Gospel of Jesus Christ. CULOMBO. 903 tended admits 1 tlioir iristian ith the empire, in long tie mag- equally results, he tran- .cipaticL. bondage es of all e in the ^'4 I CIIAPTEK XI. WORK IN ASIA {conclwhd). COLOMBO — LABL'AN — VICTORIA. COL M B (). (^F tlu; early liistory uf the island of Ceylon, which constitutes the present diocese of ('uhuubo, there are but few authentic records. The Singhalese historians boast much f)f its great ari- tiipiity, asserting that thousands uf years ago it was peopled by a race in a high state of mental cidtivation and social advance- ment. Its numerous architectural remains, its tanks, its temples and ruined cities, certainly give countenance to the assertion, and indicate the former existence of a nation of considerable power and prosperity. Ceylon was visited by the celebrated Ven(!tian travidler, IVlarco Polo, in 1 214 ; but the l^»rtuguese was the tirst European na- tion which formed a settlement in this island. In loijj thev obtained permission from the reigning sovereign t«) tra hi. 224: WORK IN THE COLONIES. were expellcMl from Ceylon ])y a larp^e British armament sent for tliat pur[)0R«} froiu ^ladras, and, by tlie Peace of Amiens, tliis island was formiillv cvAed to the Ihitish Crown. Though the English rule has l»e<'.n a blessing to the Singlialcse, its first years Avcre marked by violence and bloodshed, in conse- quence of the government having mixed itself up with the internal contl^sts for supreme power in the Kingdom of Kandy. There was no permanent i>eace until the year 1815, when the Kandian territory Avas incorporat(;d with the British dominions, and quietly submitted to the change. In 1817, and. again in 1835 and 1848, the natives w^ere incited to insurrection, but ex- cept in 1817, Avhen the struggle was severe and most determined, the revolts were easily suppressed. Ceylon now seems destined to enjoy tran(piillity under the just and gentle sw^ay of England, as well as a large amount of prosperity from the wise develoj)- ment of its natural resources. To the Portuguese belongs the litmour of the first introduction of Christianity into Ceylon. The propagation of the faith was ever considered a sacred duty b\' lloman Catholic sovereigns, and in no instance was a settlement formed among the heathen with- out anq)le provision being made at the same time for tlieir con- version. It is the one redeeming feature of a system, of pillage and oppression, though it must be conf<3Ssed that sometimes under the name and influence of religion, atrocities were per- petrated Avhich religion disowns and loudly protests against. The efforts of the Portuguese missionaries i-esulted in the nomi- nal or forced conversion of many of the natives ; but the de- struction of the Portuguese colony by the Dutch paved the way for their downfall. Those stout professors of the I^roiestant faith were as zealous in its maintenance and propagation as the Portuguese had been for the Church of Rome. They divided tlieir territories into parishes, and built a church, a school, and a "tJS^^i^:- ._i.>„.^«sw*utch clergy were allowed to resume their functions and tlu^ schools were re-opened. Still there was no due provision for the establishment of the faith. In 1808 there were but two English clergymen in the islaiul, and in 1811 the native J^rotestants had dwindled away to' 1.50,000, anil the rehgious destitution of the Singhalese would h;ive been greater had not the dissenting missionaries and th*^ Americans in some measure occupied the ground which our (.'hurch neglected to cultivate. All honour to them for their zeal ; and though we may ]anu?nt that the work should not have been done with the authority and apostolic order of our Church, ye-t we will still rejoice in its accomplishment, and not detract from the merits of those who hav(.' thus successfully, though irregularly, laboureel in this promising field. .tajrtgjiJiafc-.. 22G WORK IX THE COLONIES. Ill 1810 this island wa.^ visitcrl by Eisliop ^Slicldloton, and in 1824 by Bishop Heber , b<>tli of whom earnestly refoniiuended tho a]>p(»intmont of a Bishop, but witlwnit success at that time. The Society for the IVopa.Lfation of tlie Gospel establislird its first mission in Ceylon in 1838, when the Rev. 11. Von l>ad('lszen was placed at Xewera Ellia. In 1840 the Bev. E. Mooyart took charge of Matura ; and in 1842 the luiv. 8. D. Ondaatje was stationed at Cal])entyn. These were but small bef^Innings, sadly incommensurate with tho wide-spveaencer (of ^Tadras) never ceased to press the claims of Ceylon on the Society's no- tice, and in his several visitations of that part of his diocese, applied his best energies to the furtherance of its missions. At length, in 184;5, tho long desired boon of a poparate Epis- copate was granted to Ceylon, and the Ifev. James C'hapman was consecrated Ilishop of Colombo, on the 4th ^May of that year. The Society, as it had been instrumental in the erection of the Bishopric, and mnniticent ii\ its provision for its endowment, came forward with a liberality almost beyond its power in strengthening the liJishop's hands at his departure. On arriving in his new diocese the Bishoji found it overrun ])y idolatry, and dissent of every kind, nnd the princi})les of the Church almost swallowed up amidst the mass of surrounding error. The state of things would indeed have been de])lorable liad not the two sister Societies — for Promoting Christian Know- ledge, and for the Propagation of tho Cfospel — in some measure remedied the evil, aided as they were by the Church iVlissionary Society, which entered early into the field and reaped an abun- dant harvest in the conversion of many of the natives. Most energetically did the Bishop exert himself for the good of his ■ ■>»;— » m-^Vm'* ■■ iwy- m, nnd in )iniJit'ndo<,l lint time, blislit'd its I>ad(ilszen loyart took laatjc was iiic(s, sadlv titution of [ its lioartv nild justify of "Madras) Dciety's no- ds diocese, sions. »aratc Epis- ipiiian was that year, ion of the idowment, power in DveiTun hy |)les of the inTounding de})lorable lian Know- lie measure ►Tissionary an abun- 'es. Most )od of his ,'i<9 I - : I J ». •«inco appropriated one- sixth of his Episcopal income, or 200/. annually, to the object, adding at the same time 2,000/. from his private means for the purchase of land and buildings, as well as his own valuable library. The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge added a donation of 2,000/, ; and the Society for the Pro|)agation of the Gospel promised annually for five years 200/. towards its endow- ment ; and in 1851 St. Thomas's College, Colombo, was opened. In the following year there were twi'nty-two students attending lectures, and seventy in daily attendance at the Collegiate School. A cathedral was next commenced at Colombo, which was finished and consecrated by the name of St. Thomas in IBo-l. In 1857 the Societv voted an additional grant of 200/. for three years for the missionary work of this diocese, and this (being divided into smaller grants by the J*>ishop and offered to different districts on condition that they should make a pro- portionate effort to help themselves), was made the means of eliciting considerable sums, both from the local planters and the government. In 1859 an additional grant of 300/. was appropriated by the Bishop to the important work of maintaining a native Female Q 2 ■ •■^ a native ;n built at Pnsclawa, 311 chapels , in course rality with [ino- houses chools also op, and at 'ty schools, pointed to Inew scene iks (»f the bpetus to baching to fee-stores. it will not I expressed prohahh^ I could im- ions, with Ll come to hnu iVoiu ^Mcat distances when ht; was at varit)us places in the island, askinj^' fur teachers and reli^^io". There was a <,'r«twiij^' conviction in tlie minds of the natives that (.'hristianity avouM be their faith before I(»n«,', and it was important to work under these hapi)y iniluenccs brfore they ]>asycd away, a-s they mi^ht if not rcs])onded to. The Jjisliop earnestly hoped that the Society, so I'ar from relaxing, would r('doul)le its energy, as lu; iMdievcd that, with God's blessing, its work would i)rosp(M, if carriiid on in faith and paticiice." Tln' suj)citicial area of Ceylon is 24,4 18 square miles, rather less than that of Scotland, it has long been renowned lor the wealth of its marine, mijieral, and vegetable productions. Its seas yield the most costly pearls, and on its mountains and rocks are found rieh varieties of precious stones, Jiut its real riches consist in the liljcral returns which the soil gives back to the industry and skill of man ; its colFee and its cocoa, its cinnamon and aromatic sj)ices. Every plant of troi)ical, and many of European origin, are capable of cultivation on its mountains, plains, and valh.'ys, while the beauty and variety of its shrubs and flowers, and its magniticent forests of noble trees, furnish all that is needed for the enjoyment and use of man. The ])rin<'ij)al towns are Colombo, the seat of governnuuit and a place of considerable ini[)ortance ; Kandy, the ancii^nt capital of the kingdom, in a beautiful but unhealthy situation in the interior ; and Trincomalee, celcbnited as possessing the Jinest harbour in the world, in Avhich the whole English navy could ride at anchor in perfect safety ; the beauty of the surrounding country is also much admired, but the climate is deadly to Europeans. Ceylon is indeed pre-eminently an isle where — — - -"every prospect ]>lea,ses And only iiiau is vile. " M 230 Wt)UK IN TIIK (.OLONIEb. ainl when \vc roml tlio ilislmp's .sa«l .'ic( ounts ol' ilic ulation of ''eylon aniounts to 1,<')27,^41.> souls, the naii\(' inhahitanis are the Singhalese and Kandians (de- scendants Iron) t(.,^ .ihori^'ines), and the aMalahars, who have at dill'erent times colonized i'roni the Indian J*eninsula. There is also a wild tjil)(! found in the forests of tlie mterioi-, o-alled the A'eddahs, who are in the lowest .•>(ali' of civilization, but of lato years several sucer-ssful attempts lia\e been made by govei'nmcnt to reelann ^luiin fnmi their savage state. J!(.\sides these dillerent races, there are Alalays from >>un]atra and Malacca, and a mixed race ealledT'eylonese, hall -caste de>eendants from tin.' Portuguese and hutch, who are held in general disesteem. The prevailing religion of Ceylon is Ihiddhism, but the Malabars retain in a great in<4 try \vlii
  • om i- 'II :fe I'l '»J"i'! -1 *' COLOMBO. 2:u every ruitlvo «'nnf,'ret,'atinn an ofP'rlng \V!is mad*-, so that tlu? iSocii'ty's fuiuls ill tl»c diiM-ese were lar;^'cl\ incnMned IVnin this •sourctj an well as fVoin tho coiitrilmtions of th" lip^disli [(npula- tiuu. '\\m )»riiii'i|)lc is thus estahlishtd tlmt th* Siii;^dial<'.^(' ( 'hur<'h niHst in process of time bccoun- sclf^uitpnrlinL: : a ]»i'in('i[)I(' always acted ujK)n by l»isli(»]) ( hajiMMii, win. niu'lc it the condition of almost (^very grant that a specilicd sum should also be ^narant(;e(l by the applicants tht'insdvcs. The Mihif^raya Mission has one inii.ortant feature, in the Industrial School,^ established at CV)l])etty by tlie Society s in- detatii^'able missionary, the Uev. J. Thurstan. In isr>() Mr. Thurstan, having [U'oeured a grant ol six acres of lan hardly possible to over rate the ultimate and lia])py consequences of the dis])ersionof numbers of well-skilled ano for the necessities, botli temporal •^ Vide Ouspcl Missioaanj, vols. iii. p. 1. ; x. 157. , — iiss 232 WORK IN THE COLONIES. and spiritual, of the immigrant coolies from India. Those poor wanderers in their passage through CoU)mho, both going and returning (Ihry usually immigrate for six or seven years), are lodged in a huilding })rovided for that purpose. They arrive in nunihers, sometimes iiftv, sometimes 200, sometimes 500 in a day; the nuniher of heathens who arrived in 1801 was not less than 7,627. They are visited in the shed or " Eest-house " twice a dav and are in^dted to the services of the church ad- join nig. The truth of Christianity is set forth to them in a variety of ways , tracts are put in their hands, discussions and conversati(.>ns on the subject of Christian truth, are held with them, and tlie main doctrines of Christianity are taught to them. !May it not happen that a word in season thus spoken to them sliall hereafter produce on abundant harvest % St. Thomas's College now contains forty students, and is afiiliatt'd to the Calcutta University, so that its students may pursue the course 'oquired by the University for degrees. The Collegiate School has about 115 boys in daily attendance. These are encouraging fsicts. They show that the Church is begirjuing to win her way in Ceylon, and, by God's blessing, this generation even may be permitted to see that idolatrous land submittiiig itself to the Kedeemers swav. LABUAN. When the Portuguese navigator Magellan, in the year 1520, visited the island of Borneo — called then as it is now by the natives, by the name of Pulo Kalamantan — liorneo or Bruni was the name only of a city, the capital of one of three distinct kingdoms. The whole island was at this time in a most Nourish- ing state. Immense numbers of Chinese had settled on the liMMiitaHiMiMia wit«iJ5iS8BiiBi^^^*''**' »*• w*"?*?*^ T t !wr » " ^ {^mhffli^ LABUAN. 233 loso poor 3iiig and }ars), are airive in iOO in a 3 not loss t-hoiise " iirch acl- lem in a dons and leld with to them, to them , and is 3nts may es. The ;e. lurch is jlessing, olatruus ar 1.020, r by the r Eruni distinct tloiu'ish- on the shores, and an extonsivo commerce was carried on with China in the products of their inchistry. There was a briskness and activity in the land and its cities, very different from its dreary ap]>earance in the present day, and a splentlour about the princes and their courts wliich has long ago vanished. There were then, it is said, 25,000 houses in the city of Borneo ; there are now not 3,000. The commercial ports of the island have become, till of late years, mere nests of banditti, and her once spirited traders have degenerated into hordes of daring pirates. The first connexion of England Mdtli this country occurred in 17G3, when the Sultan of Sulu having been restored to power by the English, granted the north-east portion of Borneo, with some small adjacent islands to the East India Ctmipany. The infant settlement of the Ejiglish, however, was utterly destroyed by the Sulus in 1774 ; and it does not appear that any later attempts have been made to secure a footing upon the island until the period of Sir James Brooke's romantic and prosperous enterprise. It was in the year 1830, during a voyage in search of health from Calcutta to China, that the attention of Sir James (then !Mr.) Brooke was turned to these regions, when he " for the first time beheld these islands of vast importance and unparalleled beauty lying neglected and almost unknown ; " and viewing them Avith the eye of a Christian, a philosopl;er, and a patriot, he became convinced that Borneo and the Eastern Isles afforded a nol)]e held for enterprise and research, the utmost importance not only to our cohmial empire and coiamercial interests, but also to the cause of religion and o. suffering humanity : and to carry to the Malay races, so long the terror of the European merchant vessel, the blessings of civilization — to suppress piracy, and extirpate the slave-trade — became his humane and generous objects : and from that hour the energies of his powerful mind g^^^ 234 WORK IN THE COLONIES. were devoted to tliia one pursuit. AVitli Avliat coniplotc .success these oljjects liave been carrier! out, is now matter uf history ; and so universal has been the interest excited by tliis under- taking and (by means of Sh' J. Brooke's own journal and corre- spondenco, besides other deeply interc^sting j)ublications i-espect- ing Borneo) so widely diffused the information concerinng it — that it will be unnecessary here to do more than mention a few of the principal events which have taken place. In 1838, having spared no expense or trouble in equipping his yacht and ])r(iparing a fit crew for the enterprise, ^Ir, lirooke landed upon the shores of Borneo. He was well received, and after a wdiile, having assisted tlie Kajah Muda Tlassim (uncle of the reigning Sultan) in putting down a rebellion aniougst his subjects, the fine province of Sarawak was offered to him, and he was i)roclainied Governor or liajah, w4th the fullest jiowers, on the 2Ath. of September, 1841, his authority being afterwards completely confirmed by the Sultan of JJorneo. *' Each year of liajah Brooke's rule has been marked by new services to the cause of humanity. Under his mild and ecjuitable sway the rights of property are respected, personal violence has abated ; at his instigation piracy has been attacked in its strong- holds, defeated and discouraged, his subjects and his neighbours have learnt how nmch preferable are the peaceful pursuits of industry and commerce to the roving w^arfare in which tlK'y have hitherto ])laced their pride, and found their sole profit. His influence extends far beyond the limits of his government, as widely in Borneo as hib name is know^n." In answer to an earnest appeal from Mr. Brooke, a comiuittee was formed in England in 1846 to raise the necessary funds to endow and equij) a mission to this country : the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel contributing 50/. for five years for tills purpose. In 1847 the Key. F. T. AIcDougall and the f'.f ;..4rt,vi',-.i*s^»n'a|W ■-■m,J, St. Thcmuis's Churcl was con- secrated by tlie Bishop of Calcutta. hi March, 1851, a second clergyman (Mr. "Wright having re- tired in 1841)) arrived from England -the Kev. Walter Chandjers, who was sent to open a mission among the Sakarran I >} aks in connexion with whom arc tiiC Dyaks of the r>atang, Lupar and Lingga, who as well as tho"(^ of the liejang, nund)eriiig in all about 30(),()00 souls, had op* uocl theii' rivers freely to coninuirco, placed themselves under the iiajnh's protection, and requested that Europeans might ])(' sent among them to govern and teach them. In June, 1852, the Kev W. Gomez, from Ceylon, joined the mission and went to the Lundu river to the Kajah's favourite tribe of Sebujow Dyaks, where there is also a thriving Dyako- (Chinese colony. 23G WORK IN THE COLONIES. In 'Ally, 1852, the Eev. W. Ilorsburgh was added to the number of iiiissionai'ies, and remained in charge of tlie central station at Sarawak during Mr. McDougall's absence in England the following year. In 1 sr)3 the Society undertook the entire charge of the English mission to Borneo. In September, 1854, Dr. and Mrs. McDougall returned to Sarawak, where they arrived the following April. The kindness of })i'ivate friends enabled Or. McDougall to collect and take out with him a quantity of educational and other apparatus to assist the missionaries. The Society found means to strengthen his hands with two additional coadjutors — the Ivev. J. Grayling, of Wheldiake, York, and Mr. D. (Jwen, a young industrial school- master of Cambridge. In answer to a private appeal from Mrs. McI)ougall, a Borneo Female ]\[ission Eund was raised for the purpose of supporting teachers of their own sex for the Malay and Dyak women. The passage and partial maintenance of two ladies who accompanied the missionary party from England, were thus provided. On St. Luke's Day (October 18th), 1855, the long delayed con- secration of Dr. McDougall as lUshop of Labuan, with jurisdic- tion over the clergy and congregations of the Church of England in Borneo, took place in Calcutta Cathedral. The Bishop of Calcutta as presiding metropolitan, and the Bishops of JMadras and A'ictoria, took ])art in the ceremony, which was rendered more than usually impressive and interesting from the fact that it was the first occasion on which a P)ishop of our Church had ever been conscMU'ated out of England. The main part of the endowment, 5,000^. is j^rovided by the Society out of its Jubilee Fund, and the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge has followed its own generous precedent by making a grant of 2,000^., while to the private friends at Oxford and elsewhere, AN'ho in the t».. J -^t^i^-^x. LABUAX. 237 (i to tlie central Endaiid 3 English urnod to kindness take out to assist then his yling, of .1 school- oni Mrs. [ for the le JNIalav e of two nd, were ed con- urisdic- Ingland lb op of .Madras ndered let that ch had of the Tubilee ge has !,000/., in the early days of []\o liorntit Mission raised a fund for tli«' endow- ment of the see, much of the* eredit of the new Uishopric is due. In 18o7 there was a desperate outbreak at Sarawak t-f the Chinese gold-miners directed against Sir James l>rot)ke aiiorneo, tbe Lirgest known island in the world, with tlie ex- ception of the island-continent of Australia, contains an area of 200,000 square miles and a population of 6,000,000. Occupying a central situation in the Eastern Archipelago in the direct track 238 WOHK IX THE COLOXIES. of !iii oxtoni^ivo and . .ilual)l<' comiiKirco, iiitors^cf'tcd on all si(l(!.s by navi<^'al»l(' rivers, |>oss(;ssing oin; of i]w riclicst soils of llic globe, wiili a hcaltliy ,00() inhabitants. It would have achled to the gratification of many friends of the missicm if i)r. .MclJougaH's ti'le luid biMin deriveil from this city wliidi has been, and must chiinue to be, the principal field of his hdjours, but legal objec- tions made it necessary to have recourse to the nearest part of ihe Queen's doujinions — the small and remote island of Labuan — AOi this pur{>ose. This island contains 25,000 a( res of surface wijicii undidatcs with low hills, aiul at the time of its cession to the English gin'^ernmtnt in 1S4(3, was completely covered with jungl(\ Tt possesses, however, several valuable products, and in particular, inexhaustible supplies of coal. The populati(jn over whom liajah Brooke's influence has been so providentially established consists chielly of l)yaks, Malays, and ( 'hinese, -while the whole interior of the island is filled with a totally dilleront race, the Kyans, in numy ])oints, a superior and interesting people. Tbe heathen Dyaks, mnnbering 2o,000 souls in the province of Sarawak alone, are almost entirely s\d)- ject to the ^Ldays, wh: are JMahonu'tlans. The Chinese immi- grants who are very nun.erous are Buddhists. Boineo was pronounced by the late Bishop Wilson, of Calcutta, W^H ^^^^s^^ >ii all sides Dj'ls of tlic llllMTl^d liv ■asiircs — it of Provi- aml ha})})} )os th{5 new li(; island : ;v hivadth visited l>y uts erected uiii a Avoll- defl to the elJougall's and must 'gal obj co- st part of >f Labiian of surface cession to red "with s, and in iias l>oen Malays, llled with superior 2.3,000 •elv sub- ie ininii- 'alcutta, IS 4 71 .,1,/^'ri I I II ''i *«lWW^fS)f;.'!; E?|l^.|tT».'iwp!»|W.^!«f|p*'V '■'"■'■ :!•« I***-* f r<*itmj^. ■-t'-^,:".t^t3tiS I A lit' AN. 231) E'*' "the most proniisiii;^ iiiiM^iioii ilcM on tlu; lace of tli" earth," aiul certainly thi^ success of it; first niissiunarifs lias alrratly been moat «'ncoura{^an^'. Sincf the romnicnceniont of th» ruissiou tliero have Ix-un abovf liH) haptisnis. The I'.ishop's niis«^innary labours arc at present shared by si'Ven other clei|(yni«'n, .uul several imtochists and s( hoohnasters, all in j»art niaintaintil ])y the Society, which in 18«i;i, .'xpmded 3,'J7<'»/. on this nii>si<)ii. A few extiacts from the I>ish(tjt's letters will ^nve the best idea of tlie progress and pi-esent state of the missions in this diocese. "Writing in Fchruary, 1 '"<<'• 1, the I'ishop says: - "The work at this stati<)n (Sarawak), has, I am happy to report, gone on favouralily during the ]>ast year, especially as regards the Chinese mi'^sion, in which th->re hav(» been twenty-one baptized and nine confirmed ecten buys and six girls, and some ten day-schulars attend for instructiftu in English, so that T think nearly all the eligible (Jhinese chiMien in tlie place are in one way or other \inder instruction. A\'ith the Malays 1 can do nothing, their Hadjis are too jealous of us, ami keep them to themselves. . . . The nund)er in our boarding-school for tlie year has been over forty. Their progress in religious knowledge is good, find the conduct of th(i boys has been most gratifying. (,)ur Home Clirls' School is making jn'ogress under Julia Stuart. There are nine girls boarding in the house and several day-scholars. . . . We are working our printing-press as well as we can ourselves, having to learn to do what we want 210 W(.UK IN THE COLONIES. from ]>M(»ks, ^c. A\'<- have ]iriiitoyaks. . . . 1 visitod the I5aiitin!< mission in October M'lien 1 conliiniod «,'ight«'en and bai»t,i/cd fouitccn Uyaks. 1 was nnich T)li'ascd with the advance and prosi)e('ts of the work. Many of tlie Tual^s, or heads of vilhij^es were ujider inatruution, ;ind sine then several have been baptized. 'J'here have been f<»rty-fne baptisms dining the year at JJantuig, and the cate- chniu'iis and others are now too numerous for the little ehnrch, which I found full to overflowing. It wants enlarging. . . . I visited Lnndu m .Viigu-t and conp(crat< •! the new church. It was a veiy interesting sc'iTice to me to dedicate a permanent cliurcli, filh'd ^• ith natives, soventy-livo of wliom were bai»tizod, in this phice where jnst about fifteen years ago 1 paid the first vioit to a lieathcn, warlike, head -taking tribe. Aft(ir the con- secration I ad nn'] Lered the Holy Conimuniou to thirty-six commi.nicants, conlirmed eleven, and baptized seven. From Lundu I went \o Salakow, and am persiuideod work is go u;.r on there also. Since January, ISO.'J, in all the missions up to this (late thciL have been 141 heathen baptized, and liity conhrnu'd," In a previous lettc, the Lishoj) says : — ^* T ha\e had several uppli* alions fcti- ndssionaries in :i.ew i)laces, both from natives and from the l:!uro])ean residents in charge of the Sarebas and Kanovrit Dyaks; they say the time has come for placing mis- sionaries am^ng their people, and oiler to do all in their j)owcr to help them, . . . The greatest difiiculty in these Jiorneo missions is the variety of languages and vnats we have to deal with, ^hilay has to be learned by all ; but in addition, every missionary among the J >yaks has to ac(piire their [x'culiar dialect which in tins part of Borneo })elongs to one of three distinct languages — the Sea Dyak, the Land Dyak, and the Milonowe. 'is -■'^maas! vicroHiA. 211 ling Ixtoks pmyn- fur .11 ( )«tubor Jyaks. 1 11 ic work, list ruction, havj' boon tlu' catc- Lle t;ljurcb, (III)"' !\v cburob. permaiiont u Laiitizod, id the first T thi' con- thirtv-six ^.'11. Fi'oni m.iotl work i») lui.sHiions 1, and lilty ncl several liatives and r('l)as and lacing luis- lit'ir jxtAvcr PC J Borneo ^e to deal lion, every liar dialect }e distinct iMilcnoAvc. i TliiH variety ol languages makes nati\e catecbi^ts tli.* m«>re lutees- sary tor us. . . . Tbr work b«'ri' (Sarawak) in rtsju'ct of our cburcb servicer is now icall) iie.ivy. For exuuntlc, un ( 'lirislnias- l)ay last, wo began with 1 >yak ])ray(;ra u s«vcu a.m.; at baU'past seven, 1 had Knglish morning jn-ayer ; at half-past eight, Chinese full morning service, a coiitirinatioii, sermon, ai.d Communion ; at hairpaftt eleven English I.iinny, baj.ti>m ol twenty-seven catechumens, in Chinese and Pyak, Sermon, English, and Huly Communi«»n for tiie English residents; at ball past three P.M. l)yak, Engli.sh prayers, and address to the newlyd)a]>ti/ed , at half past foiu, Engli.sh Evening pntyi, ml concluded with ( 'hine.s*' Evening }>rayei. 1 wa.i mon l/ian '.,i',;ht liours in cbui-.h, wlu( 1/ "itb the thrrmoineter on < hristmas I >ay at 34' (cool for us), is t iig. "VVe have, as you know, when I am here, besides tlie UbUal daily services in Englisli and ( liinese, sermons on all saints' days, and c(uiimunion onc(; a month, and on all tho great festivals. . . The work in the haiuls of the Society in this country is necessarily a slow, but 1 sincerely think a very bopeful one ; and if it pleast? God to give peace and security to this State, in the sliape of English protection, I be- lieve the time is not far off when the seed already sown, and now sowing, will yield such fruit as to gladden the hearts of the Church, tho Society, and the labourers it emjdoys. Whether it bo God's will or not to prolong my life and labours here until that time comes, does not disturb me ; but my anxious desiro and earnest endeavour is to use the knowledge and ex[)erieneu I have gained, that hereafter both sowers and reapers shall rejoice together." VICTORIA. If there was ever an embassy on behalf of thc' Christian religion more attendant with diffv ulty than another, it is that R IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) # &/ / i/x ^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 " 1^ 1112.0 M. 11.6 7 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 V <^ \ :\ ^v ^.. # KriA'.r- ..J '. J .r !■ .. .. „ ,il 242 WORK IN THE COLONfES. I I, wliicli is undertaken by the missioTiary to China, In that land, inhabited hy a people difl'erinj^' from almost every other in man- ners, customs, and observances, the European finds himself in a truly isolattid st;itc. He has great prejudices to encounter, a lani^uaf^e very ])cculinr to understand, and a class of men ■with whom to make ac(|uaintance, "who have for many ag(;s past been wont to look on foreigners as barbarians, nay, as beings utterly removed from all litness for partici[)ating in their so-called "Celestial enjoyments." But to the faithful follower of our Divine ^Master, what are these lets and hindrances but so many additional motives to the more zealous prosecution of the good work to which he has devoted himself? lie will fight the good fight with increased ardour, as he sees the ])aramount necessity that exists of bringing a people so circumstanced to a know- ledge of the truth. There is more perhaps of warning than of encouragement in the history of the ])revious attem})ts of Christianity to penetrate this vast empire. In the seventh century, when Germany was the lield f)r the missionaries of the Western Church, and par- ticularly of England, Nestorian monks with a bishop at their head went forth fr(»m >reso[.otamia and diffused some knowledge of Christianity over a portion of China. But the Church which they planted died out or was uprooted. In the seventeenth century the Jesuits, after seeming to hold the conversion of China wMthin their grasp, were driven with ignominy from the land. A monument of their labours still remains in the extensive framework of a C'hristian Church. Converts to the number of a quarter of a million, and thirteen bishops and 160 priests, in- cluding ninety nine natives, are said to w^orship the true God according to the ritual of the Boman (.\atholic Church. Earl} in the present century Protestant missionaries from England, Americ'iand Gennanv l)egan to establish themselves on the coast s.,,p,.»»««fWfW^**?V''' mx ■,■»•«*.'■«'*' - *,>v*A «.-4a|. VICTORIA. 243 L that land, lor in man- imself in a iicountor, a P men Avitli !S past been ings utterly ir so-called wer of "iir lut so many Df tlic good ht the good rit necessity to a know- ragement in po penetrate ^rmany was li, and par- )p at tlieir knowledge nrch which eventeentli n of China 1 the land, extensive number of priests, in- true God h. Earl}' England, the coast 4 nf riiiiia. The Episcopal Church of America sent a missionary Bishop (J)r. r.oon*') to Shangliiu in 1837 ; and tlic Clmirh Mis- sionary Society in IStl ])egan a China ^fission — tho iirst exertion of our Clmrch in this cause. From missions of svicli recent foundation it would be wrong to expect any large nund)or of converts, though some have had considei'able success, par- ticular! }' th(^ iiKidical missions fstablishe.i at Cantted to the reception of an increased number of students. In a letter dated De of the five consular ports will have at l-ast one ch^j'gyman of our Church. In our Hong Kong mission we have much encourage- ment when we consider that matters are but in the commence- ment. IMy three catechists make periodical missionary visits in the neighbourhood. We do not forget our European sailors. Mr. Holderness is very active and diligent in visiting the sliipping. I have bought a vessel, which is now fitting up as a floating mariners* church, which I hope to open myself in a month . We have also good congregations in our cathedral which is a very fine structure, the body of the building having been opened for divine worship a year or two ago, and the tower having be(in i VICTORIA. 215 hop as kvas the i^or this Vim'Q of ^hich he and was ncrcased le foUow- , time : — m to the , Xingpo, ng whicli only with eir rulers, itioned at .tish com- in I hope ,d Canton 1 every odo lan of our incourage- iommence- l-y visits in in sailors. |e sliipping- a floating kth. We is a very loponed for lavmg heciii coiiiplcitod ^ince our arrival." St. John's Cathudral was con- secrati'd in St'ptenil)er, \^^)'2. An important clause in thr treaty concluded hetwcen Kuj^dand aii'.l T'liina in 1858, and rcnc^ved in ISOO, threw open the wliole country to missionary etiorts. The Society for the rropagation of the (2ospel immediattdy resolved to establish a juission at Pekin, l)ut various circum- stances delayed this intenti(jn until 18(53, Avlien the liev. F. \l. Michell of St. Aui^ustine's Colh^ge, Canterbury, was selected to be the Society's first missionary to China. The mission at Pekin is still <[uite in its infancy, and Mr. Michell is at present engaged in mastering the languages necessary for the due prosecution of his work. In November, 18G3, the P>isliop of Victoria visited Canton, and gives the following int«,'resting account of it : — '* T am now on a ten days' visit to Canton. ^ly first visit to this city took place above nineteen years ago ; and the change in the popular feeling towards foreigners, and in the bearing of the iiative auth(U'ities, is most remarkable. 77n/f we were in danger of bodily violence if we even approached a city-gate. A'^ow we are able to go everywhere in safety and immunity from insult in every part of the city. A mctntli ago I received a letter from liis Excellency Kwo-Sung-taou, informing me of his recent elevation to the governcrship of Canton })rovi)ice, and arrival at the seat of his government. He proceeded to menti(Ui Ids respect for my character and eminent episcojml position, and desire to ac attend- ance of Cluneso at the services in the college chapel has in- creased. Tho formal opening of the new Diocesan Female School building, the liquidation of the whole cost oi its erection (above 8,000 dollars), and the admission of thirty Chinese girls, are also among the encouragements which deserve my grateful mention. ... I am thankful to be able to report that the past year has been, both in an educational aud a missionary point of view, one of marki^d and decisive progress.*' A recent traveller thus describes some of the scenery iii this part of the world : — " The coast of China is very fine, moun- tainous and indented by cliff-bound bays and islands. Hong Kong is a bcdd island : Victoria lying to the north, separated only by the straits from the mainland. It is a very striking place. The town straggles along the bay, between the sea and • m'i jjfeiteiitiJ;*f-<^ ^ ^mmm^ VICTOUIA, 247 'iicos aiul 10 Tiishop . a dt'acon, sse service, ses of our iling tonea irs of our ty nrn K>se f the year V thcdral on is, twenty- , 1804, the We have at educated iu ted as day 1ie attend- )el has in- an Female its erection iinesi' girls, nv orateful at the past )nary point ( iry m this Lue, Dioun- Ids. lion.Gf sep Lira ted strikms Ihe sea an* ] the high peahs hehind, and is full of fine })uildings. The catliedral atands on a kuidl rising above the town, the lu-st site, and is really a very nice building. ^Janton is distant tVoni Hong Kong eight hours by steamer. Wt^ j)assed the celebrated liogue Forts, and up the river to Whampoa : the river swarming with boats of all kinds, up to great painted junks of GOO tons burden, especially along the fifteen miles from Whampoa to Canton. The country, too, is very pretty — fine mountainous hills, and rich plains, studded with villages, or square clusters of houses joined in rows, with narrow streets about four feet wide, wuth a strong gate at each end, shut at night as a defence against pirates. Every sti?':'t in (ivery town is clostd by gates at night. We were reminded of England and her church towers by the constant pagodas near the villages, rising from anuuig the trees. The only jilace where foreigners are permitted in Canton is in the Foreign Factory, as it is called ; a block of buildings, houses, hongs, and offices, with a garden down to the river, in wdiich stands a decent English church, shut off fr* «*<«4 248 WOUlv IN THE COLONIES dynnstles, nniiqiic fissociiitioiis, political anomalies?, roinnto. civi- lization, stoi'(;otype">ir I m^m^*^-*''^^^<"^ ..i^*4fr. .,»«.« VKTORIA. 210 >to civi- rmiiiing ' human md and rig open IS a call ,ity thus t (lospel Vmorican }d in tlie to ('.van- ',rior and ,e of the Bishops Lord, a^jjjainst tho mij^dity. AVo call upon tlicin to follow us hitluT, aud to platn; themselves in n.-adiness to ^'n wJiitlitTsoever I)ivin(« I'rovidence sh.iil hcckon um onward ; that .i ri^hl direc- tion may he j^iven to those iuiperfiM.'t heLriniiiuL's among tho people, and that thes(i daunings of Christian light may shine more and more unto the peifect djiy." ^he brink rd of the land in ssionary ng every rrection) f (yhina, f almost scale for f China, pass un- ied from er in the I^ational learning, ;, in our p of the '^m 250 WUIIK IN THE COLONIES. CHAITER XIT. WOUK IN AUSTRALASIA. AUSTRAr,IANI)I(>Cr,8E9. — SYDNEY G0UM30URN — NEWCASTLE — RRIS- IJANE — MKLROURNE — ADELAIDE — IVERTII TASMANLV NORFOLK AND PITCAlRN'a ISLANDS. S Y ]) N E Y. The Hrst discovery of Australia, or New lIoUuiu.l, as it was formerly ciUeJ, is involved in some obscurity ; but, it ai>poars certidu that it was visited by Dutch mariners as early as the year 1GU5. This enoimous island, perhaps more correctly de- nominated a continent, presents an area of 3,000,000 of s a stone church was built 'at Parramatta, and the foundations were laid of St. Philip's Church at Sydney, which was presented witli a costly communion service by George III. in 1803, but the church was not completed till 1810. After twelve years of painful service, Mr. Johnson returned to England in 1800, leaving Mr. Marsden in charge of the colony, with its increasing thousands of scattered population ; and he remained alone until 1808, when the Eev. W. (afterwards Archdeacon) Cowper arrived as assistant chaplain. In I8l7 there were live chaplains and above 17,000 souls in the colony at the diffej-ent stations, 7,000 of whom were convicts. In 1833 there were sixteen clergymen for 01,000 souls, of i I •^0^' y>;tSi;iaagfe£a^^gMv;iife,-.i HYDXFV. 253 ji' very of thu iro cuii- aiid all a new I illy en- tliougli )('U air, e iuoon- vorks it 3d," ]\i-r. ;:ond . S(?C Vustralia 5 in that Society's ta, and Sydney, ice by ted till eturned of the ilation ; Twards i;o\ds in mvicts. rmls, of i whom *jr),000 wore ronvicts, I8,on(»rrotostant «onvl('ls, scattrred about wiMi their i)ia.st( rs in tlio IuihIi in very many HeltKiiieuts, often f.ir r the 8tate o\' vv\h^'h*n in tlic early days of the coluny. N..i\\illi- standin;^' many rcgnliitioiis by wliicli tbt convicts were comptUcd to attend prayers oneo on each Sunday, uiiles.s fur some reason^ able excuse, it seems that numbeis made, idh- excuses and staid away. ** At last," it is related, " one of tli« earlier f^^jvrniors was informed by the cler<^fyman tliat five (>i six ]>eisons only attended I >i vine Service. And then it was Uiat he determined /() f/o fit chutrJi hiiyisr/j] and .said that he* t^xpeeted his example to be followed l>y tlie people." (lovernor Darlin;^' has the honour of being the first governor of Kew S(»uih AV^iles who regularly attende(l Hivine Service on Sunda}s, with his lady and family. And this was not till tlie yr-ar 1825. In 1«S34 the extreme spiritual destitution of the colony was most urgently n^presented by Archdeacon liroughton, wJio came to England for that pnrpose. His rejiort conveyed the know- lodge of some facts which might well startle a (,'hristian govt^rn- ment. There were seventeen places in the colojiy at which for want of ministers, Divine Service could not be pertbrmed as much as once on CA^ery Sunday ; and yet these seventeen places con- tained in all 3,000 convicts. Xo wonder that crime increased in the colony — that trajispor- tation was said to have failed, either as a punishment or as a means of reformation. Whereas it was th»-. almost total neglect of religions instruction, the assignment of convicts as servants to settlers, wdio were themselves but recently emancipated and had never heard, perhaps, a word of religion during the t ime of their bondage — it was this which deserved the most severe condemnation, and which utterly prevented the system itself ■■isummim 2U WORK IN THE COLONIES. from l)eing attended "with th«' desired results. T>\\t the time was now coiik; when the evil was to bo probed to the ipick with a view to its cure. • In 1830) tlie Kev. William Grant Eroughton, who had been for seven years Archdeacon, was consecrated JUsliop of Australia; and from this time the progress of the Church has been very remarkable. On the Jiishop's return to Sj'dney, the liberal grants of 3,000/. by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and 1,000/. by the Society tui the Propagation of the Clospel, gave a new impulse to the exertions of the members of the Church in the colony, and Avithin one year upwards of 13,000/. — in money or land — was contributed for the same great purposes. In 1837 measures were taken to secure the services of fifteen additional chaplains, t(; whom the Society offered a salary of 50/. in addition to what they received froru the colonial government, and a grant of 150/. ioi outfit and expenses. Indeed, at this timv. and for a few subsequent years, the attention of the Society was maiidy directed to the Australian colonies. Year after j'ear more clergymen were sent old, and considerable grants of money were placed at the Bishop's disposal for the service of the Church. In 18 13 the Society was assisting in the maintenance of forty clergymen in Australia. In 1840 it was decided that no more convicts should be sent to iS^ew South Wales : and from that time it has ceased to be a penal colonj^ In 1811 a Bishop Avas consecrated for Xew Zealand, which was indeed only nominally in the diocese of Australia, and in the following year Bishop Broughton was I'elieved of tlie charge of Van Dieman's Land, which was then formed into the diocese of Tasmania. ' At the time of the Bishop's consecration there were but nine ,-ii!)i;; t-'-^' ■,■■;> is,t';-'/s>i*4j»!isy;(^5l4fi(? 5Sk»foll«ll*i '■"''• SYDNEV. me was : with a boon for istralia ; en very f 3,000/. . 1,000/. :e a new 1 in the aoney or .f fifteen y of 50/. ernmont, at this Society ter year money Church. of forty be sent I to be a I, which and in |e charge diocese )ut nine churches and eight chapels in all Australia; by the year 1842 the number consecrated or in course of erection Iiad increased to forty- live. In 184G St. Jauies's College, Sydney, was opened fur tlio edu- cation of candidates for Holy C)rderty betjueathed by a former cok")nist, Mr. T. Moore. It is now lull. It consists of a residence for the princi])al, six sets of rooms for students, and a chapel, calle0^. was, in a great measure, subscribed in the colony. The exact size of the diocese of Sydney is not known ; before the formation of the diocese of Goulbourn it extended over an area of 100,000 square miles. The population is 191), 870. vSydney, the metropoli of Australia, is situate the south side of l?ort ffackson, a harbour for extent and security sur]>assed by scarcely any other in the world. Ent.les of the Lord, and made its solitudes rev- echo with the gliid sounds of prayer and praise. Down many a rough cheek have stiH^amed the tears of contrition as the mis- sionary has pi'essed homo upon the conscience '' righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come;'' and we trust that the joyfulness with, which his approach is liailed as he pursues his toilsome round of dailv services amonjT the scattered settlers of this distant land, is only the forerunner of the day wdien its vast plains and forests shall, like our own happy England, teem with mm ' tt a M i i i U^^u.^iAi^tii'M. 'i!!->"i^ i ^ '* *!yWWW WTfr l Uflff CilC lit i WiiMM ll*uWlfe»ci«(iiit<. jiii«t««.U«t(icf , ,-^-,i».»«f=Mp#.; ..i««..*a.-' !'-■' w....^.^K^^ . GOULBOURX. 259 towns and villages, and tlio iirst object wliich cverywljore ineot.s tlie eye, be the jKirish cliui-ijh ])OUiting ujiwards with its spire to Heaven. GOULnOUKX. As long ago as 18-^8 a ju'oposal Avas made to sul)-3 that all the necessary arrangenients could be made for forming the diocese of Goul- bourn. Uu the 2r)th of Marcli, ^8G.'i, the IJev. ^Nfesac Thomas was consecrated in Canterbury Catliedral, first ]hslio{) of (Joul- bourn. '.riie new diocese was endowed mainly by tlio colonists themselves, nobly led on ))y one family contributing .3,()0(V. The Society gave 1,000/. from the Jubilee fund for this purpose. The diocese of (loulboiirn contains about one-fourth of the population of the diocese of Sydney, but a much larger propor- tion of the area of the colony. It comprises all the districts south and west of (loulbourn— including some of those in which gold has been found within the last few years. It lias a:, pre- sent twentv-two clergymen Avithin its limits, two of whom are Uiissionaries of the Society. Of the vast extent of the districts under their s])iritual charge, and the arduous nature of their work, S(»me idea may be formed from a few extracts fri)m the letters of the Rev. T, Druitt, the Society's valued missionary at Cooma. This district is about 100 miles long by 80 in breadth, comprising about 10,000 square miles, and every week Mi\ Druitt visits one or two outlying stations : on one occasion he writes : — '' During the last year I have baptized seventy-three children, married four couples, and buried six individuals. In addition to the Sunday services at the church, I have, at the various stations within my district, held lOl services, and tlie average distance per week that 1 have travelled is, as nearly as I am able to calculate, eighty-five miles. I have been able to s 2 V * (._s»-«n,l«l(il«* idU»>i> ifc m >«. *».*^ ^ ■■ 'it. 200 WORK IN TIII^ COI-ONIES. ellbct this by (livioopl(3 once in three months. In tlie second week of tlie new year T visited that ])ortion of tlie district in wliicli are the new ffokl-tields, in tlie Snowy "Mituntains, about sixt,y-live niik's from Coomn. At that time there were only fourteen [persons searching for gold on the Kyandra (.'reek, now there are assembled there not less than fr<>m o to 0,1 U)0 persons„ Thes(i have been, and still are, a f^Tcat source of anxiety to nie : without neglectin<:j other portions of this extensive mission I cannot visit them so frequently as I coidd wish." The iollowing year the intkix of gold-diggers grathially subsided, and. INfr. Druitt says : — " The state of difiiculty auvl distress occasioned by the sudden discovery of the gold is gradually passing away, and I trust we hhall soon be as well off in worldly matters as we "were before the commencement of List year." In 1S()2, Mr. Druitt ex])resses a hope soon to have " six ])laces of worship established as centres of visible union ;" and again, '' T liave the promise of land for a church and school at ]5ebundra, twenty miles from Cooma. jMy hope is gradually to establish a number of cliurches at convenient distances, so that T may be able to celebrate Divine 8ervi(ic at two of them on each Sunday." And in a letter written in January, 18G3, he says: — "I have been enabled to hold my services tolerably r(\gularly at the various stations mentioned in my report, and have had attentive congre- gations — ranging from sixteen to forty-two — at them. The distance I have travelled in thus ministering to the spiritual needs of the people, within the bounds of this mission, must be something more than o,000 miles. Thank God, my health has been good for the most part, and the weather so dry that I have had little impediment from either of the above causes." r ^' ,r'^fi1^':^% »V»i *-'"■ NLNVCASTLE. 2iji Ic Yurioiis NK\\'( ASTI.K Tlial lar|^'C3 |>r.rtion cf JSew Sonih \V;il<>s wlii.-ji, in the yonr |Si7, was turiiird inte liuMliorcsc d' Newfa^ilo, possessed at llial tiiiKi only seventeen (:l(M'<^7nien : t-xtensive .lislriets l»ein'^ en- tirely destitiile of reli^nous iiistmction and reli;^M(ui.- ordinaiieoa. 'J'ho ijojiulalion was esiimati'd at ^n.OOO souls, widely sr*attered over tliP lace of the country, nian\ of tlieni beyond thr boundaries of location, aiid in some instances lapsing into a state of practical infidelity. I'.ishop r>rou;;liton bad visited, ilm district, and iabdureil as far as bis strength and means wuild pishop uf >.'ewcastle, on St. Teter's-day, 1847. r.ishnp Tyrrell reached his diocese in Is IS, and his arrival was hailed with the liveliest feelings nf thaid^fulness. In tbe following August he writes, — " 1 have now seen the greater j)(>i'tion of my diocese, having travelled about 2,()(H) jiiiles, and more than half of this distance on horschick : and imnu^diately after my next ordinatioji in Septendjej 1 conimence another short ride of about l,fUO miles, by whicb I shall be enabled to inspect every inhabited ])art not yet seen by me. Mv iH.'ception eve]'ywher(! has been most gratifying, but the witnessing of such fearful spiritual destitution is most distressing. In many i)laces the sole ministerial superintendence is a visit from a clergyman once in three months, from a distance of forty, fifty, or sixty miles ; and in many places a clergyman has never Iteen seen." Writing in 1851, the Bishop thus desci'ibes the progress already made: — ''You know, accurately perhaps, the extent of my diocese, its 800 miles of coast from north to south, and its 2G2 WORK IN THE COLONILM. i -; 70(1 miles stivtrliiii'.' iiiliind froiii oast to went: })UL of its rumous (I('i»r(!ssiit \n the nicmhors of our T'liureh of do])(*nding foi ( vcryilrin;^' they want on tho Govorninent or tho Bishop, aftor tlu^ ( iovoriimoiit Fund had hccn hm.L!' apjiro- ])riMtcd, and tlio 15isho[»'s resourcoB had (.-ntircdy faih^l -llioso things Avero indf.'od suitioient to till tlu' most ri'sohito mind M'itJi anxiety and alarm. My first work was to find out the extent of existing evils, and [uobe them to tlio bottom. For this prn-poso I hav(! visited every ])art of my extensive reaelied where no minister of the Gosjiel lias ever been heard or seen before^ ; ami my visitation rides on horse})ack have been fre(|ueiitly 20(1, 30(), and 500 miles; once l,0O(), at another time 1,200, and List year one ride to the extent of 1,500 miles witJi the same horses. Thus in. three years, 1 have, by encou- ragements and. assistance, freed every cliurch from debt : feel- ings of disap])ointment and anger liave been turned into delight and griititude, by the completion t»f works which had been given up in despair, and above all, througliout the wliole peophid portion of my diocese, extending 500 miles in length, and 200 or 300 in breadtli, the Gospel is now preached, and the Sacra- ments administered by the clergymen whom J. have appointed. In three years fifteen have been appointed to their several dis- tricts, and of these fifteen, eleven ha\e bticn prepared and ordained by me, and four have come from England." The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel has for ninny years contribut<3d to the extension of the Cliurch in Kewcastle. /**«*iM#if*i«.f XEWCA.STI.E. 203 IlefiTo tilt' r.isliop's a])|iriinlin(.»nt its missirjnnrios ■were almost tin' only cloi'<:yiiieTi tlicn , l)iit sinrc that time its annual grants have boon pnuliK'tivc of the happiest '•OTis-oriucnccs. The Society's aid has been npi)lied suecessively to the newly-t'ornu'il districts, and then, as tin -so ilistricts beeonie independent oi' its assistance, passing; into other places in the "vvildeiness and dilliisint,' to the most tlistant s])ots the Clns])id fif li-hl. Ft is chtM'rin^' to the Soeiety's frientis to mark of what ])rrin;inent and i'xt<'nsivo iL^aiod their contributions have been, under ueensland, was formed "into the diocese of Brisbane, the Society contrilniting 1,000/. towards the endowment. In 1863 the Bishop exerted himself with his usual energy to effect a second division of his still entumous diocese, by the formation of the northern portion of it into a separate J Ushojuic. This subdivision "will tend greatly to strengtlien the Church byrenderi])g her nnnistrations jnore frecpvjnt ami elTective, while it has the advantage of being an important step towards the permanent settlement of our Church ; for the diminished see of IS'ewcastlc will not require for a long time any further alteration." d 201 wo Ilk rS' TIIR COLOXTKH. Tlio proposed iitlo of tlio now soo Is (Jrnffou aii'l Aiini'lilt'. Tln' J)iNliol) lias i^'iiiirantocMl ilii! sum ot" 2,('^'^'^- l<'WMr»ls tho ^^cncioiisly giv«'ii an 0(|ual sum as his own donation, and proniisfd to raise somc.'thin^ in addition from liis jrieuds. The Colonial liishoju'irs' Council havo a«lishop is ])reparing an Endowment S'-heme, to tidve the place of this gradual with- drawal of ])ul»lic funds; hut it is a great task to ondow the whole Chuj'ch of a colony, and the fosteruig care of the Society will he deejdy felt and vahuid for many years to come. Most parishes of this comparatively recent diocese have their churches, parson- age, or schools t<.» ( (jmplete and pay for. These material aids, which in f'uL^land have beijn provided hy the piety of our fore- fathers, have here to he l)uilt ; and it is a great pecuniary effort for the present generation, though .1 must say it is cheerfully undertaken ; yet were it n(3t for the aid affm-ded by tho Society towards the stii)endfl of the clergy, when the local funds are absorbed in building, I fear these necessary appliances of C'hristian work would, in many cases, be (piite beyond tlb> ability of newly-formed parishes. 1 am sure that in this diocese the judicious distribution of the Society's grant has worked and encouraged an amount of Church Avork, which will remain as a substantial and most precious legacy to another generation." The diocese of -Xewcastle, before the formation of the see of m tttt WAtllbMilKUK'*A4^A^*''l' 1 •.iLiijmcitaiilLrAK'^UI^ .. .^■U.'!i»femi M.W'i Asri n LMir» r.n.>l);m(', ('»nu))iiso»l tlic sj-vii ixtrtlii'iii counties oi' Wnv Sniub Wait'.-. t(if,'*'tlH'i' willi iiiiMi''ns(^ i^nwin^' disinct> l.rvoti.l iln» lioiiiK-larira ul localiuii. 'Ihi- vast aiva roiiiaiiw'tl iIh.uI .'j<' S([iiare iiiilos, aiul was * nnsDjiuiitly inoic than Inin imi*"' tin- >- iinportano*?, jiut 1^ l>y ruasnn of its posiUmi al; lli<^ ruoutlj >>[' tlf river lluiitoi- tli.ui from ibe proximjly of tlie coal-mines, now aetivejy vvoikey the Australian A-ri^ nltmal ('om|«any Maitlaiul and Morpeth aro also towiijs o4 f^onie nij[iortaneo, and thei'o arc many others rising' \\]> in various parts n| tlu; diocese. There. an3 now thirty «lereynieii, soveti «tl wiiom are missionaries of tlu; Sooioty, which in lS<»;i expended tin snni of oOO/. in tliis diocese. The income of tlie Oioce^an ('hurt;h Society lu l!^oG niiiounted to r),,SL*.)/., exclusive <.f th* sums coiitiihuLed m the dillerent districts for local T'hun h ohjccts. ►Some, idea ot the state of the diocese may be ;:,atheri'd I'luiii the foll(Avin^f account by the K'ev. d, Wallace, I'ormcrly one of the Society's missionaries, who gives a well-meiited tribute of respect to the labours of his truly Apostolir* Ihshop ; — *'Tho munl)er of elergy has been sin«;e dou()led. 'liie wlioh; dioccae is divided into parishes ; every parish ha.B its minister ; every minister has his parsonage ; and if every j^arish ba.> not its church, yet it bas a decent jduce ot worshij- in its school-room, and in many parishes money is foitbcoining t.<> commence, a church. Every church is in good repair ; those -which were un- iiiiished at the time of the Iiisho]ys arrival are completed ; new ones are bnilt or buiLUng ; ^ lish schools are everywhere j)ro- vided with the best masters to be haul that is in earnest. Jle has a firm fluth that Providence will help those wlio help themselves, and, as a consequence, he thoroughly over- sees his diocese ; he takes nothing for granted ; does very little at socojid hand. Tie knows the condition of every parish ; the face of every clergyman ; the value of every schoolmaster, and regul.irly A'isits the most influential laymen, when passing through their several districts. He does not require candidates for con- firmation to ])o. brought l/)geth(^r from a dozen diff('rent j^arishes for his couven.ien(;e, but meets them in their own churches, and confiiins them in the midst of their family and friends. Con- stantly on horseback, visiting the nearer parishes, every second year he starts for tlie far west and far north of his diocese, and traverses in the saddle u]) wards of 1,500 miles. To preach in the morning, and to ride sixty miles over a broken country fc»r evening service, is not an uncommon day's work ; and to eflect all this, in a diocese 800 miles long, and 700 broad, involves no trilling bodily labour : there is indeed no 7i(stinf/ in all this, and although there must be some tvcar, yet, thank God, the Bishop wears ivell ; there are more lines in his face, and there is more snow in his hair, than when he first came among us, but we trust he may live long enough to enable us to say, what he will never say of himself, ''Father, ht h((S ^finished the work Thouf/awst him to do ! " In the name of such a Bishop I would ask, are there none who will come over and help us ; and who having food and raiment. BRISBANE. 2G7 diocese, ters, are higher liow the so short -l)ecause, ,'^eii both hat is in ']j3 those hly over- cry little ish ', the ,ster, and ;■ through 3 for con- parishes |ches, and s. Con- y second ese, and breach in ntry for effect all trifling xlthongh Vvrs lofll ; Iv in his he may fcr say of to do ! " hnc who Iraiment, will he thercwitli content ? T have been askod if tlio diocese of Newcastle is a good field for a clergymjrn ; the above short sketch is perhaps the best answer I ca?i give to that (^lu^slioii. It will be seen that as wo have no blanks, so we h;U(; no pri/(\s ; as wo ]"^ve no curates at 50/. a year, so we hav<' no dignitarifs at .'»,0(^<>/. 1 liave seen a large family brought i ]) on the income (d' a (drrgy- iiian, where tliere was little or no private fortune ; and privatt^ pupils are always to be had. In fact, if a man desires to do (,'hrist's work in Australia, he will be su|tt»ortcd in doing it, but ••ertainly he will not be able to lay up much goods for many years." BinsnANiv It has been already stated that, m the ycnu* ISoO, the northern 'livision of tlie diocese of Newcastle, or district of" Morebui l)ay, was (constituted a separate colony under the nam<; of Queensland, and formed into the dioicese of Brisbane. The liov. I'v. \\\ Tuf- nel was appointed first lUshop, and was conseci'ated in VVest- nun-^ter ^Vbbey, on the 1-Uh of June. The Society contril)uted 1,000/. from the Jubilee fund towards the endowment of th<3 see, and granted a sum of 70/. passage-money to each of si>' clergymen wdio accompanied the r»ishop the foIlo\\ing y(jar to his new diocese. In 1801 the Society voted 250/. for three years for the sup- port of a travelling missionary, whose business it W"uld be to visit the new settlements which are continually springing up in the interior of the country, where no resident pastor is stationed. In 1803 the Society made grants toward-^ the support (jf three additional clergymen in some of the large scattered districts of the diocese. The size and population of the diocese of Ih'isbane are not exactly known. The number of aljorigines in (,>ueensland is 208 WORK IX THE COLONIES. I 1 estimated at ii'om 10,000 to IT), 000. 'J'hcre avo probably more natives in tiiis colony tbnn in all llie rest of Australia put togetlior. This is o\vijig to th«' groal -r \v;i,rnith and liealthiuess of the climate, and to tin' greater facility in procuring odilile ]>lants, fish, and game. The importajice of cst;d)lisliing a luis- sionaiy industrial si-hnol, with a view to the education of the children of tliose aborigines, has Imm'Ii pressed U])on the ►Society, and it i> |)re pared to send out a missionary to the aboriginals •i> soon as loeal ])i'0 vision has been madvj for their industrial educa- tion at some defined vSj)ot, The number of clergymen has been incrciised since the JUshop went out, from three to eiglitemi, of whom four are missionaries of tlie Society. A Diocesan Church Society has been formed, the contributions to which amounted in l^^Gl to 2,000/. On this t^ubject the Bishop says : — '* The srpiatters here are very liberal, but they eannot du everything, and they are few in number. In the north they are mostly rresbyterians, but still they help us. One S(]uatter has given me 200/. to sti[)end fund, upon the simple and rea onable condition that his stations are visited. lie has also l)uilt a church and school at his head station Another handed over to me eleven acres of valuable land for endowment at "Warwick. Anotlier gives me 100/. for the pur- chase of church lands. Another gives me a house delightfully situated for the residence of a bush clergyman. If I have many anxieties I have also many mercies." (3f the difficulty of sending regular reports of the woi'k done here, the Bishop says : — " In a diocese the size of Grc^at Britain and France, with very little postal commuidcation, and all communication sometimes cut off for ■weeks, b3^the rising of the creeks, it is often impossible to obtain such detailed information as the Society might like, and in a more settled country might expect to receive." In a subsecpumt letter the Bishop writes thus hopefully of the state of his diocese : — ■t., iMELBOURNE. 2(;o Iv more iliii put ■diLl..' r i^ a mis- L o1" the h>ociety, igiiKfS as il cduca- JUsliop isioiiaric^ toniied, On this ■v liV)eral, Liber. In ' help us. ipon the visited, station, land for tlie piir- iio;htfully ive many sending : — " In a Jo postal It off for [to obtain in a more i'nt letter )ce«e :■— • "T am ind(M'd deo])ly thanlvful lo Almighty God ; any little dillii'ulties are as nothing wlicu I ace our increasing enngvega- tions on every side, and especially th<3 inci'casing number n\' communicants. In North Jh'isl.)ane, since tin- opening of the new (diundi (a eapaeions stone building inti'uded hereatler to ))0 converted into schools attached to the cathedral), we have ac- commodation for half of tlie Church of England ])opulation. St. .John's is still crowded, and the new chur(di rapidly lilhng, and the offertory collections, which have been gradually increasing, have during the last few Sundays averaged rather more than bl. The Valley ('lunch (i>art of Brisbane), we have just ar- ranged to enlarge, and South Brisbane is calling for (;nlai'ge- ment, if we can provide the funds for doing so. A colonial P>ishop\s is ,'i painfully-anxious, but withal a very lia]i)»y life ; there is such a constant feeling — T hope it is not a presumptuous om; — of the fulfilment of the pronn'se, 'As thy days so shall thy strength be.' " MELBOURNE. The province of Victoria, whicli now constitutes the diocese of ^lelbourne, is the latest and most flourishing of all our Australian C(donies. The noble and capacious harbour of Port l^hillip (so named after Captain T^hilli]), the first governor of Xew South Wales), was discovered in the year 1802, and in 1804 an attempt was made by Colonel Collins to form a convict settlement on its shores; but, failing in his ])urposo, he crossed l>ass\s Straits to Van Diemen's Land, and laid the foundations i-^f Ilobart Town. l'"or thirty years afterwards the district was almost unvisitcnl, hut in 1835 some enterprising settlers in Van Piemen's Laiul d<'termined to transfei' themselves, their families, their Moeks and herds to the opposite shores of Port I'hilli}). 270 WOriK IN THE COLOXIES. ,> M] In 1837 the tmvn of Molboiiriie was laid out on tlic l)anlx> tlio Yaira Yarra river. hi 1851, not seventeen years from its formation, the coL.ny liad ac([uirecl a population of 77,0<.)0 persons, and was rapidly advancin*^- in wealth and importance. At this ])eri(.>d an enormous im])ulse Avas given to its progress by the discovery of its gold- fields. The wilderness of 1835 has become a ureat community, with a reveinu^. hu'gor than thai of many lun-opean kmg- doms, but still une(^nai to the gigantic scale of its expenditure, the former being tkree and the latter nearlv iivemUlhMt>< sterling! Its land sales in 1854 amounted to a million and ,i half, and its annual yield of gold is estimated at tliree millions ()f ouno(.\s, valu(>d at twelve millions eif money ! The early history of this colony presents tlie sam«} picture of inadequate, provision for the religious wants of its po])nlatir with a popu- lation of 3o,000 souls, daily increasing in conse<|U(^nce of the continuous ilow of emigration, there were in the entire province but tinre dergi/men and three cimr cites. The lirst months of the Bishop's residence wiu\! dedicated to a careful inspection of his large diocese. By great jicu'sonal eHbrts and much unwearied perseverance he was enabled to {>r<»- vide in some degree for the services of tlie (.'luu'ch. in the most iiii})ortant places ; and at the close of 1849 we lind sixteen clergymen zealously at work. During the first eighteen months the Bishop expended nearly 5,000/. on the maintenance of the clergy, and the estaldishment and management of schools, lied by the Society and his own friends in EuglancL This expenditure was a most effectual mode of stirring U|> in the colonists a spirit of self-denyin- liberality. The Diocesan Church Society and local committees in the scattered settlements of the colony were by this means called into existence 272 WORK IN THE COLOXIES. and onconragod in theij* exertions ; and such was the oagorncss with whii'h tli(' services of the Chareh were retpnrol, that the l)ishop was unabk; to fiJid tlic requisite niunber of ck'i'gynien ibr the pur]iose. Tlie discovery of tlie <^'old-fields in 1H51 disarranged all the lUsliop s plans for the progress of the^ Church. Tt was a most trying [x^riod foi' the clergy ; the necessaries and cominon com- forts of life were witli difficulty to be obtained by th(mi. The (section of churches and schools wa > at once stopped, and half- finished Inuldings everywhere testitied the general rush to the gold-tields. Society in fact was completely disorganized. Before long, hi.»wever, the; excitement in some degree subsided, and the hopes expressed by the Bishop that out of all this chaos of social confusion, good, by Gftd's Providence, would eventually arise, were more than realized. The Church came in for hei share of tlie geneial welfare, ^fany on their return from tliu diggings, witli a f(}eling of gratitude for their success, were glad to make an offering to (Jod out of their unprecedented gains, and the Diocesan K\md and various other eliarities felt the immediate effect of this state of general prosperity. About this period the colony w\as relieved from its dependenci.' on the government of New South Wales, and placed under its own authorities. The lirst consequence to tin' Cliurch of thif^ proceeding was the application oi' a portion of tlie public revenue to her maintenance in common with other religious bodies. Thi^ gave an im])ulse to voluntary contributions, and together with the great wealth that has been ae(juired by liberal-minded men, lias produced effects hardly to be anticipated. In 185G the Synod or Church Assembly of jVfelbourne held its iirst Session, The diocese of ^Melbourne is coincident witli the colony o\' Victoria. The area is computed at about 80,000 S(|uare miles, ^^m^n^i >IET.BOURXE. 273 oac'CTncas being iioarly oc[\i{il to tlio a,Lj,<>Teijjate cf Kngland, Walo?, and Sfot- land. Acoordiiin' to the census of lN^!l, tlic total po])ulati(Hi was .540,3-2; the iiunibor nf membev.s of the Chiiivh «•!' Knghuid bciiig 2()'),<'il,);'). At least Jiiin; tentiis of th<' existing po})ulatio]i hitve arrived in tbe cohmy siiirc I Sol, and |>osse.ss no juoporty but vvluit they have aeqTiin.'d during the list tweh-' v«'ars. The prevalent idea of the large ]>rotits of gold-mining is ovcatly exaggerate* 1 . In general th" ]ir()lits or wages of a nnncr are sucli as enable liim to maintain lius family, and ]Milia])s lay something by^ but no more. According to an estimate forne-d by M r. I'rough- ton, secretary for mine^ in the colony, the avei'age animal rrccipts of the mining ])0})nlatii»n per man varied between iS-Vi and ISfio from 23.']/, to ">0/. ; the highest amonnt being m ls.")2, and the loAvest in IsOO. The occupation is not, therefore, so protitable, as has been commonly su])posed, to thos(^ wlio are engagetl in it. Speaking of the increase of the chMgy, tlie IJishoj) (from who>^e recent report this account i^s eliieHy taken) siate.s . — 'M >n my arrival in .Mel1)ourne, in, iS-i^, there were only thre(^ idergymen. At the present time, including the Dean, two masters (A the grammar school, and the cliaplain of the gaol at ]Melbouj'ne, who have no parochial cliarge, tlu. numb(U' has nearly reached 1(H). The ministrations of the clergy are siqiplemented by tho>e provid<5d with, an income. Every reader is under the superintendence either of some parrtchial clergyman, or of an Archdea* on, whose duty it is to visit the district, and administer the sacraments in it, at certain appointed times. In several places the Church has been kei)t together for yea,rs by this arrangement. 8nch of the readers as appear eliLdbii are selected from time to time as candidates for ordination, and sent for a year to Moore College, in the dioces< of Sydney." There 274 WUf{K IX HIE COLONIES. arc now upwards of oiglity parislioK or occlosiastical ilistricts, sovoiity-sovoji cliurclies, tbrty-se\on pai'soiiagcs, mid l'J(3 wcliools, either com])lete or iii [nociiftb ui ejection. J>ut while tlic ])rogresB of the ('liiireh lias been more rapid, the .spiritual (Icstitution is certainly greater in Victoria than in almost any other English colony. In January, I SOI), thwre were nine vfurn'vi/xt/itir.s (corporate towns) which had not a njsident clergyman, ami twenty-six smaller towns in the same state ol spiritual (h^stitution. A lew of these; have since Liicn su])])lied Avith miuif^ters, hut the greater numher continuf; still in the same condition. And th's destitution is not to h«^ ntti'ihuted to a])athv on the part of the ('hmch, whicli has not heon wanting in ellbrts for the extension of its ministrations, Durin*: the year I8f)2 there Avere contiibuted in sixty parishes (fourteen others did not send in any returns) for parochial obj(H^ts of various kinds, by offertory eollections, u[)wards of 11,70(1/., and by donations anil sul)scriptions, upwards oi \2.2i^-)L, making a total of 23,0^^>/. This Avas exclusive of the fimount paid for pew-rents. Besides this i^aiochial Fund, there has been formed a CJeneral Fund, to assist in providing additicmal clergymen, in maintaining readtrrs, in sending candidates iov the ministry to Moore College, and otherAvise in promoting tlie welfare and progress of the Church throughout the diocese. In 1^02 this fund amounted altogether to 2,525/. ; an amount Avliich, taking into account the relative population and Avealtli of the tAAO countiies, and the fact that the colonial clergy arc chi<3lly maintained by tlie peo}>le, may be compareil AAithout discredit to the Church in Victoria, Avith ilic amount raised for missionary purposes at home and abroad ])y the Church m England. The annual gTant of GoO/., made Iw the Society for the 1 Propagation of the Gospel; is distrilmted every year by the Ihshop, with the advice of the council of the diocese, in such a way^ as to secure the lai^est possible increase r:S«ii I > to ' .^ ^ l.'ti* '**^^'flf'M iiv'sSiL^i^Ji^M^: ii W'i tyi'fli tfirJ^lhitflfMiiSifitf^iiy ^iiiiA.^=iP''fe':'rj MELDOUKXE. 27r) of the ministrations of the Church. The as.si.^tancf- tlius nnonlod hy the Society lias beon of the f,M'eatest hcni'lit in [•rpiin.tiii«; thi.* nrngrcss of the C'hurch ; and its >vithih'a\vul oi diiuinution wouhl he ]>roduetive of serious injury and cause nmch dis-ourageuiciit. For it continually happens that "' small a.uoimt, added at the proper moment to the local contri.-aitions of the people, enid)les the ("hu.reli to occu])y an important post, which, hut for that seasonahlti aid, would probably have fallen hito Un; hands of Presbyterians or Knglish Dissenters, and lU'ver betm recoveied. It is snr]»rising also how greatly any assistajK e from the ('liurch in England stimulates the colonists to exertion for themselves. Moreover, this is the oidy help which the ('liurch in the diocese of Mfdbourno receives from any e>vtra-colonial source toward the maintenance of its clergy. As we have already seen, the i'hurch in thi< wealthy and prosperous dio»;esc is, as it should be, mainly supportr^d by grants from the (Joloiual hegislatuje, by contributions of the people, and by the f(!es. "'hus it is e\ident that this c<»lony possesses within itself all the elements of a great nation, and if its people c(.)ntinue to act m the spirit which has recently characterised its legislative enact- iiients for the advancement of religion and education, it seems destined, at no distant day, to exercise a mighty influence over that portion of the globe. It is by the civilizing and contndling power of religion alone, that such a community can lieeome a blessing : its riches otherwise can only be a curse, to itself and all within its r(;ach ; and, therefore, we rejoice that our Church, with her leavening and sanctifying inlluence, is at work m the province of Victoria, and we doubt not that, 1)}' CtocVs blessing on her faithful and zealous clergy^ slie will so labour, as th.it the h'ght of the (Jospel diffused throughout the land may ratliate hv.m its shores, and illuminate the many islands of the sea, now lying in darkness and the sliadow of sp'ritual death. i. tj 270 WOUK IN TflK COLONIES. I ' 1 I A I) E L A T D E. '['lie roloiiy of Soiitlj Australia was f(.uii yt^ar ISMO, OTi'l '\i^ jd'Oi^rcss ha>< liecn rai)if societies volun- tarily maintained, and a share of local ^^overnment j^rants a])portio]ied to worshippers of all sects, according to the amount of their coll(>ctions. The Society Ibi- lV)niotinjL( Christian KnowlE. 277 oflu.iatc at Adcliiidc in th« o> '^nintg. Ilo ontorod int., Iim i st at tlif oaily n,'^M> of thirty-tlirc , ])ut li Tiiiinr sJiH Jiv^^ n' i||o iiicuiory (*t' thosu wlio kiit^w 1 wurtl iii«i I lii tor 1 is /t'al ami dovotodne.ss." Eyo.v int(Mit oil t])o (^staldislunont of ilii' fi -jm'! w|. rover an o|>onin<^ occui-.-^, no sooju'i' had tlic Socii'tA, tUrnu^h Uish.ip r.ri»ii«,diton, been infornn^d of the spiritual state, of Soutli Australia, than it lia^toned, ah we l>;iv(j already sdmi, to sn]>)>ly it8 wants ; and it is recorded that of tlie six elcr^ynien who met the lU.slioji (>f Adelaide on his an-ival m \^[7, five wi re d-Tivinfj theiv income from its funds, and the. sixth had been st nt out iiiukr its auspices, and was placid, by his own rcipiest, u[)on its list. At this time there were upwards of ;5n,i)()(> poo]il(^ in tlie colony, who, except for the provident forethonglit of the Societ}', would have been deprived of the religious ministrations of the Chunh. So false and niischievons is the assertion, that coloni(;s may, /// fJic fird instre, be left to themselves, and that Christian ordinances may be considered, as by too many in these days th(\v are, in the light of some mercantile commodity, the sujiply of which will always be conimensurate witli the dMnand, Svuely the Cliurchmeii of South Australia owe a debt of gratitude to the vent^rablo Society, for its early providence and for(;th()ught, and it cannot hut be gratifying to its friends to svitness its zealous and unostentatious care for the poor emigi-ants in this distant and obscure colony, at a period when the Socicity itself was struggling (lOi it now is) a^-ainst the diliiciilties of a scanty income, and over burthened by i)ressing claims from almost every foreign possession of the Crown. We have thus far traced this infant Church from its early commencement, its wooden, sanctuary, and its first minister (lyhig prematurely in a distant land, to its more hopeful con- dition of live earnest zeidous clergymen, three churches, with 278 WORK IN THK C«)L0NIKS. (tth consi'ciatod no less than ti'U i'hurih(.v^ (.stivoii of ^vllu•h wiTO coJiiuionccd suhscMjuently to his nsu liin^ thf ((ihiiiy), and aix more woro ra]»i^'iat(^ School was laid at Adchiidcs towards Avlii( h the Society i'n\ rrujnotiug ('hristiau KnowU'dge had grantc(l llie sum «»f' ii,0(Hi/. J^ariro sums were al»o coutrilmted in the colony, on^' individual, ( 'a])tain AUon, coming forward with the niunitieent donation ot i,UOU/. and tho prondso of another large sum by way of endowment. fn l"*^'")! the aiomal grant formerly allowed to the cler;,'y of this diocese was relu->ed by the hx'al Lej^islature, and 'he clergy were thus left entirely d(^]»endent on the voluntary contributicuis of churchmen. Tlu^ diilicultiea of their p»)siti(jn were still farther increased by the cojifusion arising IVom tht; discovery ot gold in tlu' neighbouring colony of Melbourne, ^vliicli began now to 1)0 severely felt throughout Ailehiide. < )ii this subject the lUshop observes: — "My own feeling is that a I)"ocesan (/hi'i'ch, which is not in great nuiasure self-supp<)rtiug, has no healthy existence; but the loss of Sta'e aid, and the contempo- raneous seductions of a neighbourijig goid-lield, furnish a degree of trial to which no other (./oh)nial Church has been as yet exposed." This sud(Um and abrupt withdrawal of all State assistance by tho local government occasifmed the development of a most important institution in this diocese. It became necessary to set in action an immediate organization to provide for the press- ing wants of the Church. A Diocesan Assembly was therefrjie formed, consisting of the lUshop, the clergy, and a convention of laymen, being communicants, appointed by delegation from every pariah. The rules lor its guidance were framed with 280 WORK IN TUE COLONIES. great judgment and ibresiglit, and with a duo I'ogard to tli.o rights and j)rivilege.s of eacli order, so tliat tlie cltTgy do not trcncli upon the Uishop's oflice, nor tlie h)ity upon tliat of the clergy, but all arc combined together in harmonious action, labouring in their appropriate .sphere for the common good. A machinery is thu.^ ])ut in motion, adapted to the (ixigencies of the ("nurch as they arise, by duly constituted members of her own cojinnunion. The withdrawal of State assistance! has so far been beneficial to her progress ; and now, frt<' and nnffttered, she can. (ict vpt'ii li> r own judunmnt, and furnish from her own resources the means oi'iieo, and in th( following year a diocesan collection was marie for the re-establishment of the JJelhi Mission. Aid is given also to tlie Meianesian Mission, In 1858 the Society's annual grant of 500/, was renewed for a period of three years. In 1801, at the Bishop's request, the Society sent out a travelling missionary ehaplain, the liev. B. T. Craig, who, in a letter written soon after his arrival, gives the following pleasing picture of this colony ; — " i do not think any one could, ever regret saving come to such a lovely country as Adelaide appears to be. I w^as quitti surju'ised to see such fine churches, M^ell attended, and in which the singing and chanting w^ere equal to any in England ; and also to set; Lirge schools, Sunday-schools, with more than 200 girls and boys, with some fourteen or lifteert ADELAIDE. 281 teacliers. I am sure very pjrcat oxortions must have bocni made to ])ring the ( 'liurcli in this coloriy to its present })rosju^r()ns con- dition ; ami there must hav'(0)een iiiiich ]>ltssi!iM- Ix'stowed upon the labours of our good Bishop and his clergy. The climate in Adelaide* is the same as the best sumiiicr-diiys 'n England, and very healthy, while the gardens are full of poach-trers loaded lilve apj)le-trees, and vines, and figs, I can truly say that this is a delightful country," In 18G3, at the IJishop's urgent re(|uest, the So(uety renewed its grant of 500/. for another tei'ui of three years. '' 1 \ iew," writes the Bisliop, "with much a])preh(',nsion the cessation ol' the grant. It will narrow still more the scanty incomes of the rur.^l and missionary (dergy, where tin) ])oi)ulation is scanty. It has always l)een strictly reserved for part ]»ayment of stipend to missionary clergymen. If tlu^ir incomes become more straitened (and we do all w^e can to make the voluntary system effective), I (jannot expect; them nut to look for easier subsistence in the neigliboiiring diocesi', where six are now em- ployed who were employed in this, liy the end of mother triennial period the Adelaide Endowment Fund will [)ossess an annual income more than equal to that which the Society has hitherto kindly and usefully supplied. The diocese by that time might fairly be left to its own resources. I hope that help will be continued for 1804-5-0." The endowment scheme has been so far successful that sixteen districts are aln-atly endowed with annual rent chaiges from 201. to 40/. per annum, ''which," the lUsliop ol)serves, " is very useful, small as it may appear." 'J'he laity are contributing to the fund upwards of 1,000/. piT ainmni ; and the lUshop calculat<;s that at tlie close of the se|>teimial sul)Scription a sum of nearly 10,000/. will be available for the partial endow^ment of 2)arisbes. *' After thirteen years' experience of the voluntary principle," says the Dishop, " I know pretty h 2S2 WORK IN THE COLONIES, well its power and its defects ; " and in bi^ judgment the evils inherent in tlie system are best connteraf;tod ]>y a parfial endow- ment of t lie clinrcbes in tbe rural districts. ' The exact size of the diocese of Adelaide is not known ; the two dioccse.s (>f I'erth and Adelaide taken together contain an area of ."JOO,OUO scjuare miles, more than doidde thr dimensi- is of the British Isles. The soil and climate of Adelaide are fertile and healthy, and the discovery of some v^duabie copper mines has contril)uted largely to its present prosperity. AH the habits anut some red, tliere lia alone, ralia and 3d beings generally liicli our brought |n s])ecies, md, been hat tliey las much race. A [keeping ; Ji «i; 'm. iiijitJit«rti^'*ViW!'-i ADELAIDE. 283 WO arc the sole possessors o^ a vast territory in whicli there are prohuhly many thousands ot limuan beings lying in the most de- plorahle state of moral ignorance and suiterstilion. Ji lias heen truly said, " We owe them a debt for >vhich nothing K'ss than the bread of eternal life can be an equivalent. Wi- have usuri)ed their well-stocked hunting grounds, taken ])0ssessi()n of their fisheries, and ploughed up the very statV of life wliieh the rich valleys yiekled, on the bulbs and roots of which they led." Yet these tribes are not inaccessible to religious iniluenre — not un- fitted for social and moral regeneration. They require only to be taught as children, and as chihlren they will receive at our hands the bread of life, if we will but give it to them. The experience which has been, already had of their Veachabh^ness and aptitude for learning ia highly satisfactory. The native school, established for their education by ^fr. King at Free- mantle, was long carried on with efhciency. l>y the aid of the Society a mission has also been formed for the same pur- pose. The Poonindie Mission at Port Lincoln, commenced by Archdeacon Hale, is endeavouring, by means of education and a removal from old associations and habits, to w^ean tlie native li'omhis savage mode of life, and to train him to a knowledge and practice of better thmgs. The mission consists of fifty-four natives, com])rising elevuii married couples, wdio live in their own huts, but have their meals in the general kitchen. The day is begun with prayer and an exposition of Scripture, when all go to their daily occupations. They are instructed in domestic and industrial employments ; cultivate a farm, and liave flocks and herds under their charge. They are paid for t^ ur labour, and are able to lay it out for themselves in the [mrchase of clothing and other articles they may want, '.fhe children are taught as English children, and brought up in the habits and occupations of civilized life. Many encouraging instances have t \ -r- k L 284 WOUK IN THE COLONIEH. uccurred of tlu; lionofu'ial influence, of Uiis mission : fruit, small iiidcf'd wlieii rompared "with tlio mas.s of lieatlu'iiism ami brutality whicli it s(.'eks to remove, Vait large when measured l)y the uupromisiu<4 nature of the material on wliieli it has to Avork. The liishop has recentb; jtaid a visit to this institution, and in a letter dated September 21st, 1803, he says: — '* 1 was much pleased with the state of the natives at Poonindii.^, on my late visit, and shoidd like to show its inmates to those pliiloso])her8 who deem the Australian to be the lowest type of humanity, The Society will be glad to hear that two of the natives, at tin least, are able to conduct the Sunday morning service by reading witli great ]>ro,pri(^ty, and leading the singing, 1 have also a half-caste froui the institution, now staynig at .Dishop's Court, and a finei lad it is seldom my lot to see." Facts su(di as these arc highly encouraging, as showing both what is doiug and what may be done, in this wide field til missionary labour. It is tlni privilege of oui* Church to under- take it, and it will be her glory, as well as great reward, if she finally accomplish it, but her shame and degradation should she go to it with a faint heart, or draw back in despair because of the difhiiulties in her way. Only let her multii)ly her ministers in Australia, sdectmf/ them fro'tn amonf/st the Oest and most devoid of her sons, and, by the help of God, the civilization, and conver- sion, and we may advl the preservation, of its native tribes will be the result. We shall then no longer denjoralize them l)y our vices, but we shall impart to them our social virtues and our re- ligious faith ; and if, by some inscrutable law of our nature, the white man and the black cannot exist together in the same com- muidty, we shall, at least, have ameliorated their temporal con- dition, l)efore the final extinction of their race, by raising them iji the scale of civilization, and making known to them the hope of immortality, which we ourselves, through the Gospel, are iMi kita^^t^^^^M^S^M I'Kimi. 285 niivilc'/od to oiijny. I5ut \vr expect more than thi^? : we ](»()k foi'w.'ird with eontiilcuce to the tiiiU' whfii the (>.'1inn)i .•! Aii^tmli-i shiill ni'huh^ within her fohl all r-uiks uikI classes of men ill that vast territory; when tlie «listitictiiais ol' rnc inid cnloui shall be disivgarcK^'l ; and all shidl he alike, t'elldw-citi/eiis ,.i uiie ini,c,di1y enij>in;, Cellow members nf ona holy < "IiuitIi, ,'uid hllowdieirs of ,'o attem]»t was made to eoloinzii it till the year IS'JO, when ( 'apt;iin Freemantle took liiad pnsses- sion of it, and hoisted the Ihitish ilag. .No pievions survey having been taken, or adeqnate i)rovision made, tlie hrst settlers were exj»osed to great dilheulty and distress. Init by degret.'s these adverse cireunistanees were nvei'(-ome, and AVeste rn Austra- lia hits slowly but steadily inereasi cl in ]»rost)eritv . The principal hindrance to its progr*>ss — the inadeciuate su])]»ly of labour— dias been removed by th'> introduction (A convicts from the "•uothci country, to the numl>er of 900 or 1,000 every year, T'his (tues- tioiiahle measnre, howevei it may have in.cr(\ased the temjioral and material jirosperity of the peO]de; cannot fail to produce ,i detrimental intliauice on their moral and spiritual con*lition. It is hoped that religion will fiy degrees be made to leaven this mass of inicpiity. and that the home authorities will ncu. sutler the scenes of \'an Diemen's Land and Norfolk islaud to bo a i 28G W'OUK IN THE COLONIES. I ro])TO(hjcc.| in Wosturu Ansiraliu; tliat if IIk; rclbniu\ti(,.ii of tli(.' ftlcii. and not bis mere removal tVoni tlie countiy, be tlit;ii cliief ol.>j<'(t, iliey will boar in nnnd tbat Ibis obje( t can Ix' eil'e< ted only by tbe inJlucnre of tlie Gusjiel, and tbot rtf(jnnaiii)ii with out ni'i(fi(hSStldi. On Ibf tniniation of tbe colony tbe Ilev. J. Ji. Wittonoom vvas a])|>ointcd ( bai>lain, and lor eleven years was tbe only derj^ymaii tbej'e. Tn l.^! I tbe Re\ G. King, Missionary oi" ibe Society for tlio Propa^iitioji of tlie ( bjspelat Freemantle, in addition to bis otbor iniidsteiial dutii's, (;oninienced a native sebool, wbicb. appears ro bave gi\<'U tbe earlie-st bopes that tlie aborigines of Aiistrali;i may in time bt.' converted to Cbristianity,, In li^4 7 tlie llisbop of Adelaide tbua speaks of tbis colony • — ''Tbe pojudatHjii of Western Australia is scattered over an uu niense extent oJ territory, but witli exeni]j!ary zeal, aided l;iy friends and societies in England, tbe members of our Cluinli have provided for six clergyincn, and bave built suitable reaching : he found there an admirable cleigy- man, tbe Jiev. d. AVollaston, whom he appointed Archs7 tonoom was b\ ili»^ Society, and recommi'iided by tli*. ( olt.ui.d Uisliopiics' CwiuiaiU<'t3 ; but while our Cliiircli was tiimdlv aini l;iU'_;uidl> ^lull^tlM}^ and d('.liiyiu<^ on tliis fuiitlaiuontal ]>iiu m Hiis laiutter. V\'i nitM3t hei l)ishops in every colony, and in iho most tlistant heathen land.-. Tli«.'V are untiring in tlieir ener^•y, and will com- pass rca and land to make one proselyte, (hie. mast<'i-mind seems to animate and dirc'ct their labours. Wher*' a sinub- over- tasked I lergyman of oui- (.'hureh ])ursues l)i> solitary work, unassisted l)y the c<»iinsel of a siiperioi, nnaidtMJ hy the com- panionship of a felluw-laboure!, thy the erec- tion of Western AnstrMlia into a se]tarato diocese Archdeacon Hale, the exemplary and devoted Priiieipul of the institution for trainiiip" ahorigines at Port Lincoln, Avas ap[)ointed lU.shop «•! Perth, and I'onsecratcid in AV(\stniinster Abbey oii iTnh did}, J 857. 'fowards the eielowment of this sec tlie Societies for Propagating the (losj»el and for Promoting (Christian Knowledge contrihuted the smu of 5,000/. In IS5.S the l)is]iop opened a scViool for the education of tin' cliildroi of the np])er chisses in T*erth : " such a school," writes the Dean of l*erth, " has lieen niu'di needed here; as i»aronts, anxio'is to secure a proper education for their sons have hitherto been (djliged t(» send them home or to the other colonies ; than whirh f can ima;^ine to father arid to chile], no greater trial.'' The Dean adds: — '' 1 have lately \w-en very fortunate with a ' Ivecreatioii Hall/ which F have opened tor the evening amusement of the ticket-of leave men, iji order to draw them from the puhhv; houses. A\"e give them tea, coffee, boolcs, newspapers, idiess, A:r They have made up a music-class among themselves ; and tli* best of it is, it proves more than self-supporting. Thus on couraged, I am going to start a lodging-house for single men/ The diocese of Perth contains a population of 15,227 souls. The number of clergymen is seventeen, and two of these ar* missionaries of the Society. The number of the aborigines -t- Ma-siiiiii'.-* rKRTII. 280 l,)oat.Ml ill till* t'oloiiy may In- ostimuttMl at L\0()0, bui tli. wan-- dfiiii" ^'ibt's iiro cuinjHitod at about r)(M),0(M> >niils. Tlic Insti- tution lor natives, at AI])any, Kiii;^ (inor^v's SmuiuI, is tlius (l«;s('rib<'(led into existence if it had nut been fostered l)y the Society at that tune. It is now in a eo!idition nmcli more tlnurishing and h<»i)eful than it hns Ijeen at any fornitr p^-riod. pfoplc here as <'lsi;\vhere liave shown <:;reat liaek ward ness in bclievinu' that anythin«i; can be done towards «ivili/in^f and Christiaiiiziie:,' the nati\'es. lUit in spito of all diseoura,n'(,'ments Mr. an«l Mrs. Camfield ]>ersevered in their self-d(?nyin<^f hibours. Ills l^xiellencv the Governor several months ai-o visited the iusiitiition and examined the ehildi'en : and he was then sn pcr- fcctly satislicd as to the reality and vidue of the work that he deternuned to put it on a footing wloVh wouhl greatly inereaso its eflicienoy and usefulness. TJie institution may now ther'^foro be saul to be ]>ermanently established, and a Avide field of nse- fulness IS opened to it. Its operations are about to be enlarged and the means e^xtended for the reception of an increased num- ber of children. A new school-room is being built. I am sure that the juembers of the Society who have watched witli interest its early beginnings will greatly rejoice at its |)resent prosperity. Hf^w greatly the cause of the aborigines has been .neglected in the Australian colonies is, alas ! too well known ; and, therefore, I earnestly hope that in this case, the Scadety will manilV\st its ap])reciation of the praiseworthy manner in winch tlie Western Australian Government is supporting tliis instilution." ^ ' Fur a furtlior accomit of this ln.-ititution, sec Goajx^l Missionary, vol, iv. p. 'ob, and xiv, p. 123. U 200 WORK IN THE COLONMKH. TASMA NI A. Tli(> island f'i' Villi I)i('iii(*n'H Land was (li.sc(i\'<'r(»(l in tho year Hi 12 l»y Alx'l diiiisscn 'Jasiuan, a wlcbrattMl f)avi;^'at(ii' in tin H(M'vi(M-i of ilio iMitcli Kast India Tonipan} ; hnt as far as tlic white man was ((nK^-t'rned it venuiintMl a dosert until in |N<»;i a party of convicts was laiuleil, and lluLarton was founded ou the, haidvs of the river 1 M-rwent, In isol a new colony "^vas sent from New S<»uth Wales, wIkj .founded (leorf,'e Town on the bunks of th(^ Taniar. These early ::ettler8, like tliose at Sydney, experienced many ]iai(l;dii])s at first; hut the soil was fertile, the live-stock rapidly nudtiplicd, and in a i\)\v years thin«^s wore a very p>romising appearance. About the y(\ar 1<^1 1 the i>ractic(' of hnsh-ratt(/fiH/ bt^'aii exceed in<^dy to distress the colony. These bush ranger^ >vt're mostly runaway convicts, together with nther depraved aiKl desperate characters too (^asily to l»e found in a country wliero th<^. same neglect prevailed fis in New South Vales in rt'gard tn the provision of due nunius of grac(i and religious instruction for the wants cTits increasing population. These ruHiaiis, hardencil in vi(.'e and wickedness by the demoralizing process of the chain gang any and flourishing homestead of the industrious settler into a scene of rapine ami nuissacre, accon]panin th«' >catlV»l jiii?..iiieis alHi'(jiitl(Ml tViiii the pciiaJ s(»t^I«inrnt •-!' T'lt Mac- (luari''. With very few e\f'0)ti(m8 th»> whole |M'ri«ht(h hrnvj^ cith'M haiig«Mh or sliot in th< \voo(ls, nr starv<'(l tn ilfatli,-!' kiUnl aiiff '''ff'-f^ 'v/ f/n''t' ''!>'» ''f'ff's, a hoii ihl<' ]tit(U! HfliirharitN hy iiu mcaii'^ unconimon m llic cai'ly nc^l'Ttttl tl.iv-^ d fht.'s' C'lMiiioH. In I.-^l'^ tliis islanil, whicJi liaJ liithia'to Ixm n rrpini'tl as a (l.iioadency of Nt'Nv South AVah's. was laiscd t<' th'- rank ^t a stiiaratt' coli'iiy, and has lapidly iud't^VMi in prosperity ever sinco. In IH.'iS four additional eha]daiii« were sent nut hy tli»- Soeitjty fur tlio Propagation, of the (.'fos[)(d ; the tininlKM ot' chiirelics tlioamhout the island was about lifteen at tin-, lime. In is II the Society expendetl no less than '2,:\\7f in lliis (olonv, includinL;- lil)cral grants for th,()()(i/ was dit'cted for tliis purpose in England, and nearly is much was utrihuted in the colony itself, includintr a donation of ln()/. t'O Cul i'loni the lUshop. In \f1 the iSociety resolved to grant tin; suiii of 200/. lor three years, towards the expense of carrying on tlinst's College, that institution being in great need of temporary assistance. In a letter to the Society, written in 1854-^ the Eishop ex- presses his belief "that the time is near at hand when (..ui Church in this colony must cease to be a stipendiary of the state, as well as an np]»bcant for the considerate l;»ounty of our friends at home. \Yith re^^^ird to the first of these two proposi- tions, I anj (|uite sure that the pressure from without would eventually hnve forced it upon us. It seemed to me then fir preferable to anticipate such a movemcn t ; not merely to shut our eyes to its contingency, but openly and fearlessly to meet it and to say u'itlial that we are prepared at any moment to grappl'^. w^ith it, and to provide for it. By accustoming men to look U])on tliis measure even before it is forced, npon us, it will he disarmed of more than half its terrors wdien it doe.^ come, Ker is it altogether devoid of justice. It is beyond a doubt the duty of a wise and paternal government to provide for the spiritual instructi(.)n of those within its pale, so Ic^ng as they arc una hie to make any such provision for themselves. In these colonies tlio early settlers had too much to contend with to render it possible for them to build oi endow churches, to provide for the minis! '-r. ^ii^m^ ^^m'Sf- *: NOItFOLK ISLAND. 293 or to sii]")port tho S('ho(»1, witliout State aul. Jii ni(»st cases tb<;ir lite, was a daily striiL^fj^le lor tlie daily bread. And S(j for a long serins of years the. whole ot the cler'ify were supj)orted by tin' onveriinient. Since my arrival, the niissiouarv fund on the cnie Jiand, and private bounty on the other, ha\'<- Icirgcly added to our staff of clergy — without iurtliei eUkroaeliment on the Colonial Treasury, liut, now that the country is settlcMl, our farmers thriving, oiir merchants and tradc-smeu wealthy, our lahoiu'ers in the receipt of enormous wacjes. our very d<'mestic servants highly paid, I must confess th.it 1 am unai»le to regard it as a hardship, if the government gives us fair notice, that, at a given tinu', we must tlo as our forefathers did, — endow our own churches, and pay the sti]>ends of our own ministers. As- smning that the last census is correct in giving 4r),nii<) jiersons to the Church of England, I have stated that if t>acli meuiber of the ( liurch of England fontributes one shilling a month, our income will amount to -7,0()(>/. ]>er annum. AYo must expect thai some few will not, others perhaps cannot, be •.(•ntril.)utors. iJut I ain quite sure that there are those who will give largely., and wdiose contrilnitions wdl al.'undantly compensate for the defaulters. At any rate the experiment may fairly be tried ; if it fails, why, then it will be self-evident that the colonies have less energy than their forefathers, whilst professing greater light and more extended aLl\'antages, ''We have been helped largely from home. A'onr own Society — tlie Society for Promoting Christian Knuwhulge — private boaiity, all have proved to u^ hoAV large is the debt of gratitude that w^e owe to the continued and lavish kiudnc'-s of the mother country. Surely we can best show our thankfulness l)y suli'ering tliese many streams of bounty to llow into t^tln-r channels, and to impart to other ami less nourishing communities some of those advantages, whicli we have so liberally received ourselves." 2di WOnK TN THE COLONIES. So Well was the r)isho])'s appeal responded io, tbat in Ih.V.) the Society, after having assisted this diocese for many years, was enaWed (by its increasing ability and willingness to niinistoi to its own wants) hiially to withdraw its aid. In lH(j;3, after more than twenty years of faithful service m his diocese, Bisho]» ^'ixon formally resigned the see of Tasmania. The Ilex. C. H. llromby, D.D. was appointed to the vacant bishopi-it*, and consecrated in Canterbury Cathedral, on tlje 20th of dune, !<"<(-) 4. The diocese o{ Tasmania, which includes Xorfolk Island aud the islands of liass's ►Straits, is. supposed to contain an are;t. oj' about »{ 1,000 s<, of whom above 45,000 are considered to belong to our Church. The total number of clergymen is hftyfive, and there are 101 churches or chapels. iJishop Uromby is now asking help froiD home towards the mission to the islanders in liass's Straits : and he also invites cnntributions to the. cathedral whicdi it is hi>\n(] will sliortly be built at llobarton. (.'hristV College is steadily increasing in piospevity ; the numb«.r of students is forty -nine. There are also three indjlic schools — the Ifutcliins' School, ( on- taining 150 scholars, tlie Longford Crrammar Scho(d, and one at I..aunceston — all in a very satisfactory stat<* of efficiency. ^^OHF«.>LK Tsi-ANO was hrst discovered by Captain Cook, oii the 10th of Cctober, 1774. It is situated in the South Piuitit Ocean, about 5o0 miles from New Zealand, and nearly l,<>nO from Sydney. Iliis island, which for its beauty and fertility has sometimes been called the garden of the world, is about twenty ndh's in ciri umhirence, and presents a surface of 12,(HI0 acres. I'he pines, for whicli it is celebrated, tower to a height '»! from 180 to 200 feet, and arc sometimes nine or ten feet in :\utai'-ii^^''.'' NORFOLK LSLAXD, 205 di;inioter at tlic bottom of tlu- trun'k ; tlioy f»fti'n rise to a lioight of eiuhtv foot withtxit a branch, and tlien throw out a scrips k>l liratichr^ at regular interval^, each like a beautiful riiiico of Wales's f(!athor ; it is prrhaits tlie luost sphuidid hotaiiicril \)>'o- (hiction ill nature. Except in a very few pla'(^s where the ]andhi<;" may be accomplished, the Inland is houndecl b\ prccipi- [ous cliffs, and. almost surrounded by a reef nt .'ural rock, on wiiieh the surf breaks feart'ullv when the wind blo^^'s with violence from any quarter. Norfolk Ishmd was entirely uninhabited until I7SS, wlien a sm-ill P'H'ty of settlers was sent from Xew Soiitli Wales, and two yarp afterwards 200 convicts were placed liere, but the early settlers had many difficulties and privations to struggle with. In b'^OT the convicts vvere removed and the island evacuated, by (hre(;tioii of the Home Government, but in I ^'2b it was again con- stituted a penal settlement, and for seviiial years the horrors of the place, owing to the frightfully vicious condition of the con- victs, became proverbial, ^'or can tlii^ l>e v\'ondered at wdieu \vc consider the totally inadequate spiritual provision made for these unhappy people. In 1831 an appeal was made lo the Ihitisli Government, by Archdeacon Broughton, (afterwards the venerated Bishop of Sydney,) in wdiich he stated that Xorfolk Island, which contained 20O convicts ol the very w^rst class — men doubly steeped in crime — l)esides sohliers and civil officiu's and their families, was without any minister of religion what- ever, and had been so from the very first oecupation of the Island, forty years before, except for the single visit of Mr. Johnson, from .New South Wales, m 1791. '\'\n> stati^ of things reiviained unchanged until the year 183r>, at wd)i(di time it con- tained l,t)0(» convicts. III. 1837 a chajjlain was at last appointed, and in the following year a Ivoman Gatholic ]>riest was sent here ; but even in 1840 there was no church or othci' building adapted i . 29G WORK IN THE COLONIES. I ♦ for public worship, only a small inconvenient room at the clii^.l settlement, antl at anotlier place, a barn, appropriati-'d for- tliai purpose. In IHo.^^ tlie (lovermnei t rosolv-id finally to removo the convicts from Xovfolk Nland. which was then phiced at iho disposal of tlic simple anJ primitive inhabitants ol' Pileainrs Island. Tlie history of this little island and its inhabitants is so re- inarl;al)lc, tliat a sliort accou'it ^'f it must be added here, but foi: t'ullci particulars the reader is referred to th(^ Ucv. i. \'>. iM array's interestin;^' volume published by the Christian Know- ledge Society, PiTCAiRx's Isi ANt<, wluch lias been compared to a f:;eni s.a lu the South Pacihc Ocean, was discovered by ('aptain Carti.'n^t, m July, 1707, in th(; course of his '' Voyage round tlui Wurlil," ami so named by him after the young man who had been the lirst tu observe it. Traces have since been discovered of a former race, but at that time it was uninhabited and continued so until the period of the mutiny of the Bountij, the history of which is iirnv so well known. It was on the 28th of April. 1789, during the return voyaj^s of the Ihurdif from Otaheite, tliat this memorable mutniv occurred. FItitcher (^dii'istian, and his accom]>lices, seized tlie ship, and having forced Lieutenant Bligh, and eiglUcrii of the otlicers and crcAV on board the launch, in the middle uf the Pacific, set their course to Otaheite. Having obta,ined ample supplies of provision, and left behind them such of tlie niiitineers as cliose to remain, thev took on board seven men and twelve women, and set sail to discover some uninhabited island, Avhere there "svas no harbour, and where they might escape a visit from any of the King's ships. What had become of them remained a mystei'y for twenty years. The first to discover theii' retreat was C\'i])taiii i'olger, of the American merchantman, the TopLn, •iii'mmW-'^^ riTCAIRN. ** *J ' \vlio, l;iiKliii,iLr on Pitcairn's Island, in Soptomlx'.r l.*^08, tlioro lound Jiiliii AdaiDs, the only survivor of tlios' wlio had anivcd ii) the /inHittff. 'I'liat vessel, it appears, had Ix'ou vim on shore iji 17l"\ and broken up to esca])e dt;tectioii. N(.tliing more ^va3 hoard of the uiatter till th.e yt-ar IS 1 5, Axhen Sir Thomas Staines, criusing iu the raoilic, tell in willi an island not laid down in any ehart, and nearing it to learn whctlier it was udiiibited, was astonislied lo find that *'t'veiy indi\idual (forty in numh»^r) spoke very good English. -I'hcy proved to he the des(;endants of the deluded erevv of the linn it! ij. The mutineers, as well as the greater part of the Otalicitans whom they brought with them, had been killed in quaiTels between till' two raees. Christian himself was shot by an ()taheitan in a fit of jealousy. The survivor, who had beciU wounded in one of tb(^^e frays, but providentially recc»vered, was me acquainted with the nature and facilities of our home, which is, assuredly, a pleasant place to dwell in, the only drawback being \- -i -fM^MrasmnttfMii-vmi < if'ifwn ki *il.. '* ».f A' .i " >* w *> ' i i' i«?!,fi| riTCAIRN'. 200 tho long (lroii<;lits of suiiiinor, which afFoct our «woot potatoes an very healthy. From uui isnlatcd situntion it is ditlirult to procure niiiny necessaries, and to send or re( oivc letters, wliicli are sometimes irretrie\ably lost. ^V few weeks since a scliool- luaster and two artisan?, sent out by the iMniuraiion Coniniis- qimers, arrived, and T am now o])p<>rtunely relieved fr(»ni i:on- tnnied attendance at the jaiblic school, having lu»' the last year suffered severely from neuralpjia. ^ly clerical duties, of c(jurse, remain the same, and J have been ;.(raciously i-><.M'mittcd to per- form them at the stated periods, with but a smgh' (exception, (■\pr g'* ' my return from England. The spiritual affairs of the c: mui- /are the sauK .o in years gone by. No schisjns or divisions have or (humanly speaking) are lik(dy to talu! place ; and, with this excepti(tn, that two families lia\'e returned to i'itcairn, and one or two others arc hohling themselves in readiness to go thither, if ever ol)])ortunit^ oilers, unity and brotherly lo\e prevail in our temporal conctM-ns. There is less sickn(>ss among us here than at our foi'mer home, asthma being the prevailing (complaint. I think, from wliat 1 have seeii, this is the place, of all (»thers, best suited to the wants and capabili- ties of this community, and I humbly trust that a grateful sense of what has been done for us, both in spiritual and tenij^oral matters, will actuate us in this our enlarged sphere of respon- sibility;' Again, in a letter dated January 14th, 1(SG4, Mr. Nobbs writes : — '' We are living very comfortably, the greater portion at least. A few" still liaidver after Pitcairn, and a sliort time since a party of twenty-seven persons left us in a small vessel to return thither. It is, perhaps, as well this latter i)arty went, as it will equalize the- number of the sexes, the first party having a majority of female children ; but this recent one is just the 300 WORK IN THE COLONIES. contrary, (hw of the party, Simon Young, is coinpotont to kcop a scliool, l)iit, for ministerial re<|uireriiouts jukI mcdiciil .super- vision, tlioy will 1)0 in sad case. Wo, who romaiii, number 2 1.^ persons, Jicjirly etjual us to sex. Our conlirmation, last year, added tit'lceii communicants : the monthly average is seventy. We expect Itishop Patteson (of Meliuiesia) in April. The tt»tal number of births, since our arrival in It^ i.-laiuls of the soiitlunu racilic. When, in IS.Oi;. Ilislmp Solwvii visited N(.!Joll< l-land, u stroiij^ Itojx' was i'iit(M'tiiii\tMl ilial its mnv iiiliiiliitniits would lend llicir aid to tlio .N( \v Zealand ( Inu'cli, jii tiie M» laiK.'sian Missiim, a work fur >vlii( h, "U many accounts, th.'V svMidd Ijc adndralily suited. 1 )if(icnlties nf various kinds, howevei, appear for a time to lia\o checked thf urowtii of a missionary spirit among them. Ijut we h'arn, IVoui the li«hn<^'s wluch havo been received of the hist visit of llisiiop Paileson uul his companions to JSiorfolk Island, that act uisiilerablo clianj^e lia.> tak«'U place. And, thoii;L;h we would not attribute too much importance to the strong fee that the seeil hiis been sown on honest and good hearts, and will bring forth its tVuit in duo season, and that the peoph), so singularly trained in the l?iovidence of (Jod, in the distant I'last, may prove an uiis|)eakable blessing to tlic dark islands of jNlehinesia. 302 WOUK [N THE COLONIES. CTTAPTKPt XI IT. WORK IN AUSTRALASIA (covdinhd). THE ISLEP OP THE r\('IFrC. NEW ZEALAND — OlIRTSTrHUTlCTr — WELLrNGTON — NEl SdN WALVPU — MELANESIA — HONOLULU. NEW ZKAl.AND. The i^Toup of islands, in the P.icilir Ocean, known l^y the naiiic of Now /(inland, \\?i:< discovered on tliu I'Uli of Deccndjcr, ItMi', Ity Coinniodnre Tasnian, })ettcr known as tlio discoverer of A'an Dicnicn's I-and. Owing t>> the hosidity nf the natives, he wa.s unal)ie to oli'ect a landing, and returned home without making any accurate observations on the nature t)f the coast. Foi' more than a century after its discovery, it was believed to form ]»art of a ^G\ii south(.*rn continent, but this error was, at length, di.s pelleil by our countryman, Captain Cook, who sailed round it in 17(10. E^lly regarded as the apostle of New Zealand, lie liud been led, by intercourse with some New Zealand chiefs, who had visited Imu at I*aran:atta, to form a high opinion of the native character ; and, in 1810, he earnestly besouglit the Church Missionary L i,.rii)i8S-. ^ '■^■■■i:,'!*^.' i^iSWiS NRW ZKALANI). ao:? ftTCHUnCH — )N'()LUf r, S(HUctv to (xtcnd it? r.pcrutions t«* tlic^r Tsl;iii(|>. In conso- .jiuTinp (if tills a])i)('al, tlirt'c; hiy agoiits Aver«' sent out I.) opi n :i inissidii (iinliT liis ul*l l»t; ImiiiuI \,, r.,ii\,.y til. 'Ill "ii, owing to Hm' goperal terrnr iiisjtiicd Ky tli' vi'<;«Mit oF an Kn'dish crew otr Waiijiifai'oa, un tlio ci»ast .t in massacre Nmtli Island. At leh<;tli, In-Wever, nn the 'Jdtli -.1 1 >e'M*iid»er, \s\\, lilt little [liirty, aecniiipaiiied b}' Mr. Mnrsden. ^sn^ land.-. I at Wmigarca, and s[)eiit tluni' first nigliL in N.-w /e;il,iiu] upon the .-^iiot whifdi had \h\ n staintil ^y the lilnnd m| IIkh iMmilrv- iiu'M. TIh.' next »hiy tlie\ imxeodod to l»aiiL'ihciii,i, in lln Hay ot lslaii«l.s where they sottled, and, by tin tollnwiiiL: Maivh, tln'ir position appoareit so lio])eful and seenic. ih.it Mi, ^';llsdeIl WilS able to return to his duiie.s in N'W iSoioh W'al eS. in I.^^IO two other lay-agent^ were sent, and <'2C>, by Mr. Willi. mis' bi'idher, now IJisliop of Waiapii. in 1S2'.) Afr. A. N. Ilr 'wne, al'ter- wiiids Archdeacon of Tauranga, ariiver all, (()ntril)ut«H.l ncit a litUr, to j.rcpajc ih. licjitlnn I'ni ill. r(r('])ti befoi-e. 'l)i«'y W'l'e pi'int(^d in Nt;w South Wah's ; but, m I>.1|. a )U'esK was sent <'Vei for tlio nac of the; mission, and. in ls;;,> the whole of lh<; oSew Testament, and au(jlher (nlition ot thi Prayer-book, w«'n* printed in Maori. Meanwhile b lievers had been added to the (hureli daily, ni'l multitudes, avIio were as yet strangers to its highei* l>le,>-siiic;>, liad leavnt, in some measure, to a(d\nowle(|i>(! the happiness <•! a penple who have the Lord for their (j!od. In If^'S-^, we filial a tiftli stali(»n establi>hed at Ivataia. '* in coyiseffi/cnrc of the eanx.'^t aolicitafions of ike cliiefa mid />n>;)A^" who dwelt in that n(,'ii,'li. bonrhood. Siue<' then the onlv obstacle to the formation >! nt^w settlenients, Avhc rever they appeared needed, has been iln ditlieulty of tinding men fitted for the work, and of suppoilini; them when found. Until th<- death of ]\Ir. Marsden, in 1838, the mission re mained under his general superintendence. He often visited ii, and gave to its zealous labourers the much- valued benefit of la* advice and sympathy. On his seventh and last visit, in 1?^3", when he had reaclied the age of seventy -two, lie saw '" \\\\\\\ of the stations within the compass of 100 miles,'' and noiinl with joy and thankfulness, the ''wonderful change" that had passed oA^er the land. !New Zealand was, at this time, a dependency of New^ South Ni;w /i:al.\ni». .'iiir. (nlitioii <'t 'li* nrcli daily, mii'1 ij^luM- l)li'.>-.. I l,s:j:i, wtj fiii'l cf' of' fhr eori'ff'f in that ii''1l,'1i- u' furmiitioii "t I, has been ilu 1 of snp]^(tilin2 llhe mission ve lot'ten Yi.-it''*I ii. 1 l)(ni(>ht of lii-^ visit, ill lf^'>"i ho saw 'Miiaiiy .es," auil net'^'l laiige" that hud of Nuw South \\ ilt's, :in"l iliiivfitfi within ^\u- tlincsf .-t in. Ilisliojt ni \u'ti'iili i. It \\ris, a('«or\ tli. .'\.m H.-ji'^ I'lshnp l',,,.ii; lit'iii in tin- I >r('cmlH'i' (»f" 1 '^.'IS, v\Iim ||.|.| luo nttiliinia- II, .h>, ( 'insi'cnitcd two hiifial virmnitls, und atli'ult.d t < iIp- oidi f ,.t |.ri('stliiH»d tin- K'f'V '» Ilaillh'M ii-.w ,\ ivli.|.,';iruii nj Ki|.iti, \^ Ii. had a<'ct»ni])ani»'d hini t'lniii S\ihif\ III ISiV.' the lir^l ii'iiiii'NiMi, "f tilt' Stx'ii ty i'l.v the I 'i '»|>a,!.'al i(tn ,,(■ tlif ( I(>s]M I with New /•uland coinniriiccd, will, th' (iti'i.iiit- II,, ilf ot' tllC l^•^ 1 I'" <"huitn|| ,|> tli'll hil nil-i-^l'»li;iry. 1 1 till' saitK Vf.fi an l'.ti,.'l!s|i ciMMitanv, ha\in. hnii'-iif lai'tfi' ti'a( I- "t la I 111 fh iiii th<' n.it ivt' ( liirf's. I'l.iiiiiMii, . ,1 t !,.« iMioni/at icn ul tht' couittn- h\ l'«iindini' iJic t'»\vi) of \\'<'llin'^t.tn. whicli was Mn>U {n\\ oWt'M ItV •' thc'i'! Ii !>^l() tiie snu'i'iMnjutv of Fn^l;:5id OV'-' thr.^o isljinds was i:stahli,-h ti'faty, ^vhi!( it w is inoclniiji''! mi th'' Stnilh or Sl'asi;0 iiri4' 111 \ >\ its IH'f'd .)|' •li' t'Xriti<'ii> ot' < 'liufcljimn a' li-aiM', it w drt (M'lrriiiint 'I that till." 'hituhl )»(■ one of th«' tii>t "I't;.*; cnldiiinl liislifpriiv-.. tof tho loiindatioii of whirh a M-ry carnt'^t and •suiressful « ilort was at that time hcing luado. vVcf ordiiigly, on the 17th of OctohcM', JMl, the liev. ri('or<:,'e Auf^n.-tu.- .s.Kvyn Avas . i-n-ciTated t.'ist i'.iflhoj) <»f New Zealand and of the ishs adioinin^,. Follo\v(-d hy pi-ayei'M. and wcI'M.nicd w ith ih,inksgivini,N. tlic Bishop Jirrived in Ne>v /t.'ahind "li th' L'l'di M.iy, i>i.iO iidiabitants), and X 3or> WORK IS Tin-: ( MLONIKS. CojiikmI iiis |»laiis lor the occlosiaslical di visions of tli(3 Islands iiinl i'oi tli'^ ginvhial I'mlowiiieiit of the ( ■liiuch. JL; bad nhn ])rqjari i»f the country,' he observes, " I find j^reat oceasioti for thankl'uln'"^s and iiope : of course htlic has been done yet, bui the condnj't IS, that very few hindrances liave^'own up toprexi at the estahhsbnicnt of a sound ajid ethciiint '.'liurch system.' One of tiie iJishop's first cares was to sehct sites at AucJvlaii'l. tlie capital t-i ihc colony, for " an additional cemetery, another church, a scho'-l- house, and for j»arsnna(:,'e houses contiguous ti the churche- .ind Imrial-grounds." Ai tho sjinic time Ik^ ;;avi' directions for the pun-,hase of about twenty or thirty acre^ ot iaim for the site ol a f athednd. and for a < athedral cluse , hopnig h\ this arrangement ti> secure a future provision for every possible increase of population. Had such aviso foretlought 1)een •■xoi- cised hy one in etpial authority in ail our col<.)nies there can 1»» no doubt it would have forestalled ililHculties, wliich, in tiit. hirgcr towns, have often seriously marred tlie elii(i(.'nc^% div\ im])edt'd the progress of an unendowed and struggling (liurdi. Another early care was to provide for the ])erinaneiii ni.iiii tenance of the clergy, iJy an act of faith, as well as wisdom, tli«* l)isli'»p at once rejected the prolfered -^tate grants towards th.* support of tin.' clergy, and erection of churches ; certain condi tions being annexed to theii reception, which had already pr.^ thort'tni'o to bo onabliMl by the assi^taiici- of ihv. Soi'icty (S. r.O.) to go on from yrar to yoar endow mg the ( "Imrcli m jierpt'tiiity in tin- now SL'ttlcnii'nts as fast a> tli- y aciso." la Scptonibcr, 1.^14, a hioc^'san Synod \\a> a>.-oinbl('(l iii ilw Cliiirch at Waimate to frame rules for the belU', iimi!agtiu''iil •)!' tlie ^Mis.-ion. and general goveinment of the ( 'liurcli, and U< Jcliberatr^ on other matters nf religious ititcri'st. fu hSir), find the twi» following years, a desultory warfare was carried on between the I'^nglish and a stn.mg ])ai'ty nj' rhc natives; iiiid, alihough llie manner in Avhidi il \sa> romUietcd shnwrd tliiii thi' lessons of tlie missi'niaries in < hristianily and <.i\ili/a ti'ii ha(I ; — ''The Kndownn'ut Fund is now, thanks to ihr .'^oeirty, com jtlete. May 1 hcg you to eonvey niy w^irniest thaidvs to the Society for this most admirable jtrovisi'm tor the wants nf this diocese. J ht>pe that it is a satisfaetiun to you to think that you liave endowed in pevjtetuity tliree (Jhajdann les m Xmv Zealand." Ill lS^"Jl the (.'hurch of Kngland Education S)ci»'ty was esta- 1>lisli':'d at Wellington, i\)V tin ])Uipose oi raising funds to found schools in connexion Avitli our Church. In 18r)2 the Society granted fnun the dubilee fund the sums of l,ttOo/, for St. John's College, Auckland, and 1,(»o way of its su)»-divisioii m\(>/. por aiiniun, whicli lie ha<>()/ per annum- -an nistancc of bad faith and personal injustice on the part < 'f the Legislature, which, we trust will remain (as it Ins hitherto been; witiiout a parallel in the history of nur Colomul ChuT'ch. T)ihho|i Setwyn ictui-ned to New Zealand in l8.'io,and imija^li- atcly after set out on a visitation (jf his diocese, whieh occu])ied three months, and in the course of wdiich he Avalked o^d niilcf? (generally speaking (juite alone) an I rode foU. and e.ca'nuiu-d ati'l confi'mcd 1,5«M) persons. In IS.jO the IVishop of Christchiirch was consecrated for the new ( olony of Canterbury, whiili had been established on tlie eastern c^oast of the middle island of Xew Zealand. In 1858 the charge of the Ihshop of ISIew Zealand was furtlifi diminished by the erei. tiou nf the sees of AVellington and.Xel.-'Oii. One half of the endownu^it of these sees was provided out of a capital sum granted by the Society, several years before, toAvaids Cdiujch pur])oses in this diocese. At the same, time l.ishi-]» Sehvyn v\as u[»jM)inted Metropolitan, and in the following vear, with the assistance of the Bishops of Christchurch, Wellington, and Nelson, conseerated Archdeacon Williams to the Ijisho|>iic of WaiajHi. which ])aiJit'ii nid < IjiMivD liasc l-i ip ♦akin aw.iy to 1(1 .mil It i> iiii|M..-,,sil»l»' t'l sav wlicn Nrlson ah ft plaro ot icln thiv may I'C able to rctnrn. (Mii; Siiii,iav-v,r]|,M.K li;i\-o tx'cn oivatly n diiccd, and the i'e;.';idii scivii'-^ \\ln' li.;uc s^nllicient woilv t(» attend to, — amoii.i:; the soldiers, lately so nmcli in- creased in niiinl»ers. ami the ^ail^lrs ot Ih'- n;i\.il lni^ade, as wo II as tlie settlers, who are almost all servi n<' as inilitianKMi. Tlif natives in this district b(!ing mostly in open m itraic a.Lfainst til.- liiiLilislK are less aecessiblt- t" our nnnistrations than ibr- IIK rlv, but I am still able to visit tluin Of casiiiiiallv 1 t rust lli;it til* labour sp(int u[)on them is imt all in vain ; wliatt!ver evil tht-re ina V bo amoii<4 them, very hw^ I belje\<-, are disposed tooi\c up theii' profession <"f' ( "bristianity/" 111 1S('»1 the Hislio]' write (k The priiK i|tle adopted ha- ahvavs lioeii to withdraw the i^ocietv'.s aid, aiiei- a '"eilaoi time, from parishes whic^h are able to ijiaintain theii "v\n eler'ivmen, and to transfer tlie j^ranL to new .- intended to j»ie\ide tea' the wants of the outlying distiiets, and the native villages in this diocese, b(;sides assisting the Melanesian mission. May I beg you to convoy to the venerable S(.(ciety my grateful afkn<'wledgnient of the valuable -ii]ipMrt and assistance whi*!h this diocese has reeeivcl from them during llie la.-^t nineteen for which I dt,'sire to be thanklul t*.) the Giver of all year tT' '0' I hi tl 11- yeai' the Uev. J. (\ Pattesv)n wa.s eonse(Tated Mit jiuiiaiy Ilishop for the Melanesian Islamfs. which liadf<.)r several ;iio WORK IN THE COLONIEH. years fiicra^red so mucli of tlio care anil attention of ho]) Sehvyn. The (liocesc of New ZeaJantl, "before its recent sub-clivi.-doii, conipiised the three princii>al islands (liHtin,L.Miislioil :)s Xovtli, ^Ii(Ulle, any the nnnie of Melan(^sia. The supenicial area of the whole country of New Z< -aland is l'o,(>()0 square niil«>s : nearly as large as the Eritish isles. The clnnate is viescribed as *' the i>eriection of all climates/' hot, hut rarely sultry, hii<^ht, but, nut glaring from the vivid green with which the earth is generally clothed. The soil is amazingly productive, evcryvdiere trees am] shrubs grow to the margin of the sea, and the islands are furtiicr remarkable for their picturesque beauty, and for many natural phenomena of an unusual character. The present population oi the three Islands is estimated at about 128,313 souls. The aboriginal inhabitants call themselves Maori: similarity of hii- guage and manners bet\\een them and the luitives of the Soutli Sea Islands indicates a common origin at no very ^ to the-so scattered island.-?, which lie lias at k'ni/th liad tho happiness < f seeing placed und")' the el^arge of a lUsho]) ahle and Avilling to carry on his work nniongst thiini. More tlian half of the clergy of the colony have ])assed throng! i St. John's College to ordination, and tlmugh >onie alteration in the original design o\' this institution Iras hecn ioiind necessary, it still remains the University of the English settlers. The ^laori candidates for Holy Orders are placed at St. Stephen's School, Auckland, fhe College at Porirna, if the hopes nf its fdiinders are fuhilled, will be the germ of a fnture University. Industrial Schools are hewing founded throughout tlie country, all similarly endowed hy native generosity. The zeal of the natives for the house nf Cu.d is not inferior to theii- reverence for flis day, in whicli they shame indeed the nation from wdiose mission- dries their knowledge of tho duty has been acquired. Wa reaanion of tin; Bishop himself 'Idiero are now (18()5) ten native clergymen in New Zeal.and. Of tho present state and prospects of the Church in New Zealand, an article, which has recently a]>peared in the Colonial Church Chronick (vol. xviii. p. loj) thus speaks: — "It is not surprising that the lk>wing tide of success wdiich attended the ;n2 WORK IN Till!: COLONIES. iiist ''florts of tin- inis-ionaiifs among 'lie ilion .SMva;^^' ;uid r, iiibal ahorininoft of these islands should, in ae(.'(,'rdaiii'e wJUi in- aii uuiost universal law -> .r I'el i.U'ioiiR ]»rngross and j-eaetidii, haw at a certain s(Mg.» met with a teiiiporary reversal. Tlie. eld) li;id set in some time hcjfoi-e the late lamentable (aithreak into o]»en dis- ail'e. lion, and actual hostilities nnist durin*^ the last tiiic' or i(«ur yoai> have interposed an r'Heetual eheek ujion the work of evjin- tielizaiinn. It must he borne in mind that the bulk oC the insurixi'U t M lenes eonsis ted n\' jiroiessing nie,inbei;s of our ( 'Inuvli. whoAvero sin<})()sed ,ii one time to be unde-r unusually strict sub- ordination to ei (:I( vsiastieal authcu'ity and iidluenee. It is evident that neither this ]>owor, nor a sense of Christian biotlnirhood with the F.nglish st^ttlei's, had any hinder a, sullicient practical force to restrain them from having i'e( our.sc; to arms in vindii;a- Tln're is nothing, we repeat, Mo- tion o ( tl leir all ciieu ru :ht^ jjrising or singulai' in this result ; nor doe? it rellect in any spc-cial "Way to the depreeiation of the Cliurch's mission. It proves nothing contrary to the testimony of universal experience, th.it masses of Christian i)eo]»le ai'e seldom oi' never actuated b\ IIk- highest and ]>urest motives suggested l)y their religi(Ui. (Mi ttu' other hand, there are not wanting very distinct traits of rhristj-ui inlluence in the conduct of both th(^ hostile and the fri(^n(lly natives during the prosecution of tlie war. In districts wdn^re the missionary authority was directly exercised, tlu; proofs of thi^ Hilluence were displayed most cvidcvntly. At Otaki, fir instance, wdiere jVnh subjected to tlie pressure of tlie strongest temptations to disloyal! v, have remainetl perfectly undisturbed. At AVangaiiui, again, the station of one of tlie oldt^st missionaries, Mr. Taylor, an attt;mptc??i'-- ftp^fUiiji'.. ^^w-"* 'M NKW ZEALANT). :\[:] unaitled rosistaiicn of iViciidly !i;iti\t»s (»n Ui<' <\u^]. Aiul (-wm d Taiinii^^'N lli<' ^^*'ii'' <>t tlio secoiitl '>uil)rfal<, umI ->i iir ..wn im f,»inm;itt' inilitajy r<'A'('rsos, uIm-iv iIk drt'caUiil iii.-ui„'rn1 - iiivc at li'imtli l \imi-; umltu' r.i^linjt AV'illiams, of \Vaia]»u, unci AiT'lulriicnn iJi.iwiif, \\;\> Itoinc its fiuil in tiic ,>ingiilai'ly ( 'liiihti.uilikr ]mnianit\ ind .il>-tiii('ii('t> from all .>>uva;4'<' ami liuatlK^iu.sli arts '(f'Ti icily uln' 1. 'lisi iiimii.-li.il their roiulnci iJi tlir war, and wliicl" <,iiin'd |'.>i iljcm ilir prai ami inci'cil'ul considciatiun oi ( invoi'ih.r (irt.\, iii llic lil)i rd nm' S<' ni.-^ (I f jicacc ini})(Ksed by Inin al'lt'i- the iinrdiidiliitnal ^nnvml.r of ihcii arms. 'I'luu'o is every reason lv» lulicxr and Ikmh ihit the ct 'jii I )U'te Hultj ligation of this ]K)\v(Mfiil Iriht. n]i«i ilini' meKiful tivatment in llie matter of >, •■outum ilir ,>iive ])roiin.s(' of a ;-; tied and general i)eaee. I) so, it i> ix-t inipossi- !)](' ln'.t that the late disi urbances may have aet* d, in < Icil's g(!(»d [irovideiice, as a thunderstorm, whie.li ele.ii> ilie^ aiv and ])utH it ni a healthier state, and may pn.'jiare lie <.ionii,| (^,, [|,, ,..;t.j^. i*li>linient "li" mere thoi")Ughlv ( Inistijii I'edaS ni- (j'-iwen the races, and foi ilie -piiilual e-dilieatmn and ad\am eiiient «»f t)'>th.. That ili( importanee of the crisis will re'l, and. ha,- not, e.sea))ed ihi \ igilanee of ndndt h(!st rjuaiilied to t'orm .1 wise ind^ni-n' ai the' ^abject, wc have the' e'\]>ress le.sUniony ni Jlish.»|> ^» U^ yii s own assurance. In 1 Idi lis opening Kldle-^S as 1 l'e>l I lent, tl le l)in. esan Synod, held at Auckland hist April (i^'il;, te- laid gn-at stress on tlie. emerg(?ney whieb was ojicning upon ih. Now s ; — Zealand ( hurch in the anticipated su.--pension ol liostilitn 'The I'estojalion (d j)eace will naturally bring with it an imrease of (lur dutie.s. We sliall have' to undertake in uarne'st the . (Im i i.ieni of the nati\e youth, wlio^ Avhen the dream of a s(>))arat(i nationality shall have passed away, will aiL in the insti- 314 Wofilv IN' THE COLONIES, • \ f ' till ions of tlic conntry, wliicli (no<] lins driven to thoiii and to us tor our joiiii iiilicritiiuco. Hie Siimo b]''s,^ing of (lod wliich h,> alnnuly siij)|>Ii<«l us witli ton native clorgynion, will rni«o u|», .iIm*, fitting agents from aiiiong the same racf, in every other dej-art- ment of our social system. Thougli 1 hnvti to ro])ort that (an natiAu|.]»lyin,u, tlio culouists with (Spiritual iiLstnirtion, and n duu iKimnii.vtralion of tho saciiiincnts in aiiiplur inoaHurc than was vnu-lisafi <1 l-* t1)0 tirst settles in any otlior of our colonies : nor li.'i> tin ir ni-lu.-.try been iinrewardod hy an encnunigm- ^liurc .>f ton'M'-ivil pros- per I ty ; but oAving to tho temporary em^)a^r^.■^sI»lents oj" tlip X»'w Zealiintl roniv>any, the. (^(fects of l,li<' (liscovery of gol'l in Australia, and otlier causes on wliicli d is unnecessary to dwell here. m<» permanent or e'ompleie |»rovision for tlnur spiritual ami moral wants could for a long time 1)G made- Vhc erection '^'f a p.islK'prie and the foundation of a eoUege, two main and ess(Mdial features of tho original design, W(.'re long deferred, and otliei parts of it wer(3 but inadcciuately canied out. At lengtli, however, in 1 SoG, the arrangements for the Ilishoprie were completed, and tVie Kev. It. .J. (\ IIar[)''r was ij)poiiit('d and consecrated by the title of lUshop of rhristelnu'ch. h\ tho fol- lowing 1 )ecenibor he arrived in his m^w dioco^'\ where, w.' are told that at this time, "matters were as ba*! nlmo-t as th(,'y could be. Three of the clergy, sick at heart, and hoj^eless cf any change for the better, had accepted engagements elsewhere, three lived as well as they coidd on ]»ittanccs insured to them for five years by the guarantee of private individuals at home : and tho remainder, with a noble disinterestedness worthy of the itavs of onmitive C-hristianity, remained at their posts, providing for the daily wants of themselves and families by the labour of tlieir own hands." ^Still then^wcre some hopeful features in the case — the manageable extent of the diocese, so diflerent from almost all other dioceses at home cand abroad — the partial establishment of a college — and the fact that the Church intluences under wdiich :; 1 »; WOUK IN TIIF. ( orOMKS. il't' ('((Idiiy w'A'i pliuitnl. c^lill s't far |m'. nearly livu ni\ili>, "i :\/2'2-^ wn-f >.ii..l to !.,• ( 'lmr« li |i('»|'l''. ;ni and th rhathaiii Ul.md; '11 it'ic ai'p a h'llil 1,1(10 M lorif- within thi' (lioc«?s<', alnait (!<><> in tlu' I'Toviihi n| raiitcrlniry aiitl the n>st in the province of ( Ma^o. " In < aimT- biiiy," the r.isii(*|. ->ays. " wc have huilt, with sonio, assistaii from the ( lovfruiin'ut, a boardiiii^-school t'nr Maori , about :!<><'/ annn illy for till' suj)[)(»rt il' tlir Maori mission and calcchi^t ; and I'm buildiiiu^ i" «'onnt*\iiii with the iiiis«ion, iiicbidin''" L^rants tMHi o '- the (lovcrnnnni. we ha\«' expended nearly S(Mi/, 'I'he .Ma(»tHs liave ;:'i\t'ii twenty a( its of land, and raised anifHf^' thcinscho foi' iliiiri he>, srhools, ami maintetiaiieo of th' mi>^•^lon, sii <• August, |S")0. I Aintributions in money to tib' ujiiouni of ts;;/' In other letters the l'>i>lio|> ei^os the following; partieulars re- speetin^' the state c>l' his dit»cese : — '' ( )tago is a. Scntcb settlement, and l*resbyteriajiism is the pievailin,^ form '•!' reli;4inn. < hu pe(»i)le, thoiigdi rapidl\ increasing in iiuniber, eonstitute as yt but a small |)ait "f the population, aiuh l)eing with'aii ehurdi endowments oi' any vahio, arc, tlnaigh not unwilling to rn\i tribute towards the ^Maori mission of their pro\ inee, unable i" tlo much m(>r« M.m what is re((uired for tlu^ maintenance oi tlie ministrations i-f the Church among themselves. , . . Some I mMlw mm" l-^YQ ( ninsi« Iff i;< II. • > I t ^o\i\ li«'l.l> "f grofit vain. li.i\.' l.it.-ly l»..i. di.^i ..\. n .1 m nf.i.^,,, iiid til'' .ut'>'nit'- sjM'nk <{ tli'iii as rxtfii'liiiL' "Vtt i l;ii_( tiU' t Ml cttuiitrv, an«l liKil y I" |M"\ c viiiiiiiur.jtn •• w iiIi'mi; iii\ Miiii-^ual iiiKUUit i[ I.i1»t'iir. T!i« < M.ign {»a(»«'i> «.tat< t'lat tlifi«- ai«' iiiv;(.l\' ii|»\\ar'l- nt' «l.'MMf '\. tin juld fic|(|.>. i'li.' riit'ailici's .,t ih' < liHi h tlii"lL;]ha)i tiir wdiol. janvDi." In lor, tm- .lis- (i.K'l\ • .♦ tin' ^mM, li'l n-'t r\M . ,| :{,(i( III, ,in('ni I'liK t\\» t'loi^v iiiori. . iriiihu' iiiL'iils ior soii'ling '." IIk.- ( 'liathain i -laii-l-, w hii h ('"rin jurl "1 iiiv la!i(l- ai'C no! iiiitir<|ii» iit Iv vi-it*'»l l»y liadiii}^' 'lud wlialiuu ships. Tlif iiatl\ •>.< ot (lif ( 'li.il Immi islands linvi' '4uarant(.'cd tbi thesuppoil .»t'a iiativ'* ( lri';^'\ man ahniit i'ni. pt 1 iiinitm, and havf promised land Ini fndHwuunl. Tlu' t"t;d miiiiht I of (dtru\ni(Mi in this di' •ci'sc 1- t liiriN 11 IC tf() Su'M''t\ ha^ granted an annual -^uni <»!' Id'i/, t',)!' Ui* puipuses of the Mfuri ndssiuji ; and piuniist-d •Joii/. ti,>Mai'l> tin.' niainto- n.'Ui. •' 'd' a uh-divi>i"i. ••! his didccse. hy the fuunaticn of a. rdshnpric .»nithr district ol Ota .unl Southland, Avlnre is a popuhuion of .'i\(Hmi scattnu.'d n\cr IVniKi sipiai't' miles of «ountry. d'ho Tiishop's vi-'U's n-f en- d'M. :im(')-\ iJMaol, whirh comprises the licensed elergy "f tho, two proyim -s and some ol the most mfluenlial lay nu-mhers of the ^Imreh, who have sent home reselutions unanimou'-ly pavSsed,, in tlit hope that the (d>|<'< t will bo thereby et1»etuall\ pijjuoted aiiK.ng tin; friends of the Xew /ieuiaiid r'hurch. :U« W(»kK I.N THE COI.ONIL^. W K L(, I N<;T.» N 111 IH.'V.i nil Rnulish r(MU])i'nv, iuiviri-: Uoi;dit lurcre 1r^cl^ m1 laihl in N«w /l \S' Hm^^toj. not I'ar iVom tli-' soiitli oxtivmity oi the iiort]i»'i!i i.slaiKl, ntli,.|.. wisf call<'(l Nc'v ristor. In isi'.i :|jc I'lislio]) ot New ZcMland in one ol' liis l(i(.-r> says: — ".My I'li'mcf pupila (at St. John's ( *oll('<;(', Anrklaii.l). Tlu>ii)p:>(tu :tiiil Martin, .sons of llio TU>to<.l < hirt' To llaiipaiulia, and utiun' young men of tlic nativt) raeo at Otaki, ai'«' dt'siroii- ..i rnundiM'.,' a tdili.Lic at Torirua, and Jiave ^n'ven I") tlial |>!ir|HKf ,il)out 'KM) acres of land in a most advania^^'ons position mi, rorirna liar])oni, mid-way bctwcu^n tlioir own v i!la».i't .-• and \\ .1 lington.'" To tins (.olie,L',v tin' Society grantctl horn the du'.il." Fnnd iho siun ol 1,•• luliillrd it ^^ill l)o tlio i^oi'in of a fntnro I nivcisit\. In 1851 tln^ Church of Kn^dand l*-dncation Soin^ty was .'4., hlishcd id. \Vt;llin,i:^ton, for tht. i>nvposo of raising fund< t- found sciioois, and t)io first scdiooMiouso on-ctod by the Soij, fy was opened at Thnmdon, near Wellington, m danuavy, \'^.'*'2 in the j)resenceof the ( iovernor, 8ir (loorge 0»rey, thu IJishop n\v\ other leading' men m the colony who took a deep interest in the proceedings. In IS.ui tlie Ijishop of Xew Zealand and the < iovernor mult- a. journey Iron) Wellington, to Autdvland, marking out as ilnv went along new sites for industrial s(diools, ami procuring graiit.^ of land from the nativt; owners. In the c<)UTse of two inoiitli.^ more than osil I'll) .,ii o-»',-' ;in2 11! I'.islu>j) '\\\'\ nlrri'st ill till' nvonior 111 ul<- uiU a^ iIkv 'curiug j^raiitft two moiitli? given t(» tlif ^euerati«>ii '■•t and ill nh'- N ■~:4jillfftMtliil$lltUii^*^^'^^ WKI.LINGTON. .Si!> III Isr)S till' S(H> of ^^'('^v Ziiiilaiid M'iis . i:on.-«'- t'latt'd Dislinp on tln! 21'th of St?|itviiil)ci' ; the So. icty contri- hilling towuiili^ the iiuUtwiiit'iit of tin- I'.islKtj.i ir At tlii^ timo tlic Aiclult.'a('(»nry Unan] ui' Wrlluii^ton irr'ur.ltMl ,iii its jnjiiuti'.s ; — "'Tliat in the opinion of iln |;.Mi.i the pi-o ^frcsisive (Icvi'lopincnt and ivtcn^iuii of iln* ( 'J,,iiv|i m \\ .'llinotoii ajid its outlyin;jf districts, np to tJi< im-x m datf, aiv wvy tiiatt'rially duo, under rrovidcnco, to tlu' .l;^slstan(•^' and un- ci luragonieiit allonkd by tliu Sfjeioty for tlio l*r(»pa^^atioii of llic I inspel.'' Ill notoher, iHM), [he diocesan Synod of WiKington Indd its 'list session. In ISijU the Uislio]) states that the <^n'rat Wfinl >>[ his dioeusc was cf ch)rgymen and s<*hool3 ; and he nientions with niiieli satisfactietn tlie establislmient, 1)V (hivernnient, of ;i >c]mo| for Iciichmg tho J^nglish Language at Waiiara]ia, to n\ htch thr So( icty promised lUU/. for three years, in sni>port of a Jiiastcr 'J'lic hisliop also mentions another s()i(j«»l near Aliunri, set up ami naui for entirely hy the jiatives tli th«' diocese, iiid as the hiity are beginning to feel Keenly thi.' want nf elergy, !io hopes that some ]»rogress may be made so that Wellington uia\ be no longer an exception to the other dioceses of New /Zealand wliicli are all partially endowed. The present disturbed i«ar 320 WORK IN TITi: COLONJES, .«5tatc' >A till' f'oldny lias sctiiicwliat rctMi'dcfl {]\c pro^c^'vi'ss cf ili. ii;iti\(' ' '»]l(»c,fo (>r St. I'liniiias, recently ostuhlisli.'d lU 1*;ij»;i\\mi, %, whirl) tli<' Soeietv )iia' hrietly said to he tliis. The fahric ol ,i church, costing, without its internal arrangements or jiirnitiire, 550/. ; an aen; oC laml, with a small house in a convenii'iit jtarf of the town; a congregation of ( diureli mcmhers, showing a tii'-l liL;-- M h*k,;ii: t.\^v ?,y^;TT|W5Kpw-' NEL80N. P>'2l t-movging ujmn tlm to}> of r mountain pro('ipi<'0 ovorliaiiging tlio mmamlin myselt" was to hear Archdeacon Il,idlit'ld in the ecimen of missinnary }neaching in the Maori langu'«ge tliit 1 had ever hearf th(!re ean be uo ^/lace wliero thit courtesies <>f civili/.ed ,sochu\ in more kept up,, ^hilf at the same Inuo there is less stilfne.srf diA formality, than at ^^Mson. I ihink the climate has a great (leal to do with the* ]>leasaiil chavaeter of the iutercourrte bet\v..( h people, i dely any man, unless he is snperktively cross, to l)e long unt of tempor m the perp'^tual sun.>hme which the -l'i>])> p so truly mentions as characteiistic of our sky. He eannui !.ui be good-huniourcd wlieu ho and «.'very ou»' around him are in j-ol)Ust health, and shart^ togethei tho bracing and doli,>j,htiiil iii that prevails all the year round. And another cause <•! lln general content is that most people are weil-to-do, at least, iii.l their pr(»perty rapidly inci'easing. Most of tho -.etthirs have garpeaiaiice of \'Vi'[n> ai home, toll a hile <.>t comfort easily read, f >n«- geii'^ral fi.';itmv oi' social life here is the frug ^ and sim]>lij maimer m wliii.l; ]KKiple live, and the hospitality and neighbourly kindncs;^ which almost universally prevail, reojjle must, however, come here tt» settle — not to expect to make a fortune and return. To the former, with order, juudence. and diligence, it will be founiil,i- ,vini^ aciouiit -" I. SUpp./-.- ,'d .socioiv Hi stiffness dini has a great urso botwoeii r crOf^s, to be li tho ]'i>lh 1' [e caimoi 'mUI 1 liini iii'.^ Hi delight !ul an I'ause <•!' tlic at least, uii'i settlers hav*.- tills year ili- •tirularly tim \vlilr,h ul]<'l> ice ul I'ct'Mit eneral tVnturr u r lU wliiel; Indnesi? whicli etiiiie lieiT Id irn.. T«» the ! l»e touiul It' 10 lattei, will I'idc Coloncil iilo a sepurati' L'lueiit ol du t Bislio]* ''1 XclM.n, mid was cnnse.'rated iu Ku.Ljlaiid on flu- 'J\n\\ of ?so|v- tviiilier. The diocese of ^elsuii uoutains a }>opidaUriii eoinpnted tt 11 iMiQ Europeans, and •><»(» natives. A iiia|<,'rit> .»r iht h.iiro- noiin.-. iitid nearly the whoU- <,.l tJu-. natives ar»' nifmhtT^ ,)i tiie I hnrch. The nunibor Sociei,v has voted !')(>/. .*-,v«-uj, u» lueet another 100/. hxally provide'! for the sti})end ot ^lll itmerann.i; missionary Ixaind to visit aU tJie setthuiients. " 'J'ii< nunilx " ot cliunlies in l() acres, at Wakar< \va, has been eouveycd by tin- (luvirnor tu the T.ishoi), in trust, j\»r native edneatinu , and a house has ])een erected, where the r>i>h»^]« h(»p« -^ Itelure hm^ to make sc>me small be^:juininf; <>f ti.e projected college. "Tht- til klene.^s of the native mind/ say.- tlie liishop, " eomimls us to .>p(,d< and act thus cautinusly in ali phms for ilj«ii b'-neht. espe- cially m matters of O'lucation. >.'ot that they ar«- willing to re- main in a state ot i,;4noranc<' — it is very rare t-t iind a voau«» Maori who cannot read. There arc tew who camiot write ;ind sum — the latter they do almost by intuition ; but tln-y pn;k ujj these element,^ -o readily amongst thems»dves without any reoular processes of l*arniii,iuf; that they are j Ah to ent^r into a sch^xd and make a labour of learning j and th'''y are exceedin<4ly averse tu lb' restraints ol a boaiding schooJi and to th*- rule ot ukIus-- trial training — under which Sir G» org* Grey laid all the institu- tiuiiH toi which he toand (aidownienls.'' In : I recent letter the Bishop gi\es the followmjj interesting ;u jount of th'^. native inhabitants of his hoeesi: ; — " The Maori luce in tliis Aliddlc Island has always ben infenor in numbers, ind probabl}? physical powti, to the' ^Northern lslander'^. Vhj Y 2 ->%'t -.-___.*.».. :i24 WORK IN THE COLONIES. wanner cliniatr of the Tiorfh ift (Certainly moro favouraMo to tin- (lev«*l()])iin.'iit, ot ImiiIi 1)0(1 V ami mind, of a |t«'0])lo whoso o-raill. was in the tropics. J'his island hi - thfroforo Vm-cii always Milt- ioct to raids from the norili«^rn triln's Most crud and initt ImtIv raids had just swo])t over tlio (oiintry heforo tin Britisli aii)\al, twenty years a^'o. The trihfS wh.. then sullered were ojily . n. during tlie meet reronjpenst; of their own triumpliant \ iolom e some generations previously, of wliich tliere still remain, in the S.nitlicrn A-lps, s<'me living witn»'Sses in the wild Jnen, or fjiuatinux iiih.-.Sj the refugc-e remnant of the toriucr pos.st\ssors of the southern halt r>f the island. These men have lately been siglitcd hy lixploieiN. )>ut they Hee fi'om th<' fae<- of man, and have nevt'i- been spok- n with. The present in]ia])itants eonsist of the con(|Uering nortlicm tribes, and of tlie remnant o[ the coni"|U(n'ed that was spare* I toi enslavemcmt. Tliey do not exceed O0(t in numbi^r, and aiv scattered along a very evtendcd coast line of several hundi'il miles, most curiously Jagged .oid varied wiih bay, and island. jimI peninsula, like the liords ol Norway. They ha\e aliciuited h) sale the great bulk oi Uie rounity, Avhich was wholly useless to tliera, and now live on what .ire called 'reserves.' All laml-si'll ing in this island is now liappily at an enil, ami thus w<3 an- spared the chief source of trouble in tlie north island. ''The natives, w^ith very few exceptions, have embraci-d tliv Christian faith, and most .)f them are in nie.mbershij» witli liu' Church of England. They arc still ujuch intlueuced witli di.; remnant of former superstitions, just of the same kind as iia\e survived for centuries in (Christian Kngl.md — as the j)(>V'i i-f spirits of departiMl men to interfere with the living — dread '^i certain animals and places. They attribute certain diseases to spiritual ]>ow<.iv, and in sulIi cases would rather I'esoit to a 'wise man than to an M. ]'. T>ut; they studiously conceal vhai- ever belief tliey have in hidden arts, or >vhdtever practice springs |ftW'.,'U) Uip^-PePTTTrT^B NELSON. :\'j:i iVoiii it Their hiihit.s «'l wandcnng t»i |ii(.tu^t niutual li..j<]iitjility and visitations, Ijwoiir the sjuvail .»l ihr (m)8j)('I •Mvatlv. Tlit'V rani'' to if — [,, tlio ceutros ol' iui.>M(,ii wt«rk, .ind plarod tht'insolveH luulcr ( 'liri.stian tr'acliing. It is no vlnu^sll;ll thin^' for \ ^vhol«> sottlouK-nl of lOO souls, ]»«'rlia|i,s. to gr. out visitmg. ' 'n rlio ocrasiou of a distinuuishod death, invitations ,u'<' .sent I'unnil to all the kiiidrcMl tribes, to nn-ct it i\ distant ilay fdi' a 'Tangi,' or laimnt. and fron. tliise,in-o ci another — ^ucli a« their ti'ocjUt'iit ' Ruinnx/as^' or toti.sultiiftou.y- \u> vcai passo,'- with out each trihe having- some pleasant visitinu f"i three or four wreks, diirui^L( uhiih they arc euteitamed Uy thi^o trjcnd.s. All aiv plans of vi-^iting thejn aro neccsbarily pjiiuh.'d by the;^*' enrace occasions of interconimunion, ajid there is never .\uy dillieulty about hospitality. ''J»ut l»> far the most etfectjve »'n;;iiif for the niainbuianee ol" Christian lvnovvled<^e arxl habits, is tlie native teacdu^r svstcni. K.T'h settlement, however small, elects it^ Kai \\'haka-ak(» or tt-a<'her-men and assistants. This unnward.'d ottifoi' charj^'es himsrlf -with the duty of calling the peoj.1. ujght and moaning each day for prayer (by sound of any ])iece ol m<'ial Uiat can act for d bell) in '-onie common room, which i:^ set apart as a WhaiTi Kaiakca (m church-house It he is com]ietenl hi- will as^rmblc thf children Tor school att» r morning prayer, and teach tln-m to read uid write and suni, for an hour or so. < hi Sumliys h<- readc> such portions of the service as are allowable ibr a layman, aud catechizes on tla subjects contained in tic < 1 jspel and l.t,'>>ons of the day. and the Chur.h Catechism. The greatest fhie) *h«es not think himself above being asked <(Uest'ons along with the rest of ihe <'t tiio clncf yiolii^'d liiii) 111- ri^ditrul plncf* u\ i\u- ()\r\])<'\ — n i^trikiiig pro'tf .,i the powpr nj tlic (Imsjx'I lo suImIuo niinglitcnus dirttinction^, winch man's pridn, and violoncf^, and covcitoiisnes*' have orcatttl The teacher too is ey|.ertndj at the prcpaiatovy sorviec ah\oy- In Id on tlic eve of Holy Coiunninion, to ^vitness a^'ain?*! my conmiiinicant Mho has walked unworthily of his sarici] privilef^cs. and to . II on hun t<' ex]»lain or acknowlod<^^e in tho [)resen( e o\ the clorgyniaii and In*^ bretliren. This custom is a most V!dn;\hl' one. and tin teachcTH fulUl tills duty so faitlifuily, thnt the U-w if rather oi its hoinu too rig<»rousl> exercised, Tlu^ peu|,'.' sustain the teachers in the discharul on the other hand thoy ke<'p an eye on the teacher's conduct^ and il he is foun'end)led the tea' l"^t> of the western half '.f the dioce-jc in August last, arid can'ieil them tlirougli a course of cateclietical instruetion in the Cv'-d Intelligence has pist reached England that Bish.o]) IbO^hi*'!-*- has resolved to resign his Bishopric, his health proving uue^jua] to the fullilment of his arduous duties. \V A I A P I'. Nothing more remarkable can bo recounted in the history oJ tin Colonial (.'hurch than the wonderful rapidity with which Ntv ZealaiKl — ati island not half a cenlurv since of savag:»> 'ind -T^S^Rffti. MKLANEhlA. r.27 ciUiMihiiU — li;i-^ l>eori convfrtod into an o( cJosi.istical prnviuc^ iin«l«:i' the opiscopal Piipcvinicndcnoo of a M.'tro]..>lituu and luiir siiffrai^'an r»i>h<>|.s, with ck'Vgy plaulcd in o\or\ priucipal statiou iunl settlement. Oil the 3d of Apiil, 18;»0, tho V(>iu'iai'l«' \V. Wilhains, Anh- (Icuon of 'r{iuranf;n, sva.s consecrated to the Sm' .>f \VMia])H, as (lomrihod in tlie followin;^' extrart of a lotti r fr..ni the r.i>h<»p nf Ne^^ Zealand: — *' We had a dcliLdittul day •>!; SuiaJav, when \hi> foui liishop.- <'f New Zealand, (.'lirisi< hurt]i, W < llini^ton, and prison, oous'^e rated tb'' Hi^liop of W'ajapu. AVe arc most ^'I'ate,- ful to the (Jiver of all ^'ood ; and anion:-- Hi^ aL,M'nts md instru- nionts, not the least . liaro of gratitude is due t«' the Sofii-ty for tlif". I*ro])a,i4ation of tlh, wospol. to whose timely aid in U"<41 this h.ippy ronsunimation is l.) he traced, 1 shall go hark tn Auck- lnii»l hght in lieart, hcing now enahled to h'avc thfsc ri-^ing pro- vinces under the care of their own lUshops." in I><»'>1 the first 8ynod of the Kative I5ranch of the New /t'aland Church in this diocese ass«'nd»l<'d. The diocese of Waiajui is situated on the eastern coa^t of the >«orth Island c»t' New Zeahnd. It-' ]x»[)ulution consists cutirely ot mdives, and the number uf clergymen ministering anmiig tlnni ia twelve. The Society has not hitherto rendered any assistance to this diocese. ME LAN i:si A. In the year 1850 the Australasian ]Joar|) of Now /o-ilui'l nn .int voyaf,'!' only to llio islniuls, and tlic iiHssi<»n was froiu ilmi tunc carried on )>y tlu- Hi y I'.ishf^p Sehvyn. u.is tliia, - -to visit, diirinf.' th«' months ol .Iul\ , Au;^'iHt, Stptenil'. i, and (>('tol)i'i, as many islands as ho conld, ;^iviii<:j )>ros«nff^ riiid ostaV)li>liiii;^ (Viuiilly relation-- u itii tlie uiiiabitants, and it ])o-.si Lie inducing; somo ol th*' yoiin>^- men or lad- lo eome away witli him to New Zealand. Here ilMiv are laught vcadinj.,' in tin ir own lan«jfuage (which has then jierhaps for the first timo tf h- reducLid to writinj^) a)id m Knglibli. writinj^', aritlimetie, and til social ar.d civilised liahits ; and of course^ as fjir as i.> possihle. proparod for Bajttism hy daily reli<^Mons instnu'tion. 1 1' siifli ciently ] epared ihoy are h;i];tised before roturnin;j: to then ^wa islands. \bo it the be.L;inninu: of April, on the a])pi'()aeli 'I s. inter, they are t.iken home, tln^ ]Vew Zealand cliniale hnn'^ then too old for these children * 1 the tropn s. As many i.s will I'eturn a .secoiid, third, mid lourth tnne to ^'ew Zealand are a<.'.nfi fetche'l in Au.^ust, with new-^ scholars ly.wh year m additl"j. Up to the close of IS57, as many as S(.'ventv-tive scholns tmin fifteen Teiri ishinds (and two from Australia) had hicn rcceivo*! i.ilo the Ab-lanes'an school In is.'>3 the Socioiv first assisted this missioii by voting ii; annual -rantot 200/. for its ^'enoral purj)Oses. In i>^oS the plan was tried for che tlrst time of holding i winter school on one of the Loyalty Islands, an»l thou^^di tin school did not ]U'Ovo very successful, mu(di good wa^: done hv Mi: I'atteson's residence there for ab(jve three months. At 'Irst the scholars were received into St. John's ColK':;c, Auckland, but this wj^s found to be too cold a situation for ili- m, and extensive Iniildings have now been erected for their acctjin modation at Kohimarama, ab(.iut tliree niih^s from xVu\ )>y llio liltcr.ilitN '>r Mi.-^s \ oiij^fc, \\ h<> lijivS (l»'VMt«'(l till • rilii'f pi'MmtmIs of la I l>»H.k " I'll. I >;iisy (.^luiiii,'' to th( |)itr|HK('> »t' tin- M' l.dit .-.lai. ^fissici.. AiK'uil) jiioh' than 2,(mmi/. L.i.>, i, , n ivrtjvrd iV.nii this l:i(h, ami <»(M)/. lias 1)0011 givcii for tl" saiii' nl>|. ■ f }<) SirJoJiu PattOHOii uhoso sdii ha.^ to(l lii> life in iho ^vrnk. Tn I>'''l till- r.i-^'ii-p of Xr\v /calaiMl had lh<' lia].i«in< -s "I" I'oigiiiiig thiM jiurt ot his lal>oiir> into liir liati -htliMilt Imii most i?it«'ro.stiti;< inissiouary oiitorpH.-^o. ^m :!i. .*|)h ' I'.-bniary, t)n^ licv. -1. (' r-'icsoii was 0(»n8«H'ralr(l \f issicii j . v t'i.-^hnp of Nh'laiiesja, hy ihf M troi>'>Hta]i (who,>.( laitt iul ohI h.d,>vo(l fullowor and ^;on niion ]io liad been in so luaiiv "I his island voyngos) and hi a\o suffrnvi'ins of Wolhn.Ljton and Nt Ks.m, m tlif ( "Imich of 8t. Paid, at -\ii(kland. Ill l^tlL* a mission s«hoon»'i, foi' r»i.>h«'i' Pattt son's n.-f in thi^ isliiuils of the I'ardic , was sul)s« rihi tl lor and hudt in En^iitud, at a rost of l.'^OU/. and named th< S>nifh( rn Cross. The work IS still being carru d -n with imnh \i;^otn\ In Novenil>fv, 18r»2, tin- Ilishop wi'«tto • " I <,nly jviuincl la>t woek Iji'![. a long and unusually intero.-^im.^ \i\vagf, with llfty onn Ab'lan">lan scholaiv. gntliorod fium twenty fonr islands." Tho following yoar, 18(>3, wa.- a \'ory ii-yin.'- on< ; an alai-ming ^xkncss l)iokv out anir-ugsl tho .-eholais, \\\'>' ha\ e JitU'- o. tn.->ti- tuiional vigoui to bear iheni ujt against a -tivoro illnoss, and ioinieen died m tin' ci-urso of twelvo nionihs. In tho sj)ring of 1 >iO I. Hisho]) Pattcson jviid a visit to the Australian .•nntinc.'nt, \ advoeated the can^e of the Melanesian Mi.^Mnji v-th sut' an exceptional mode of missionary enterprise,, but the only method that could be successfully carried out, Polynesia ^^;us comparatively healthy, and. all the islanders spoke dialects oi a lan^^uatre wdiicli was so common to all that each coidd under- stand the other after a very little trouble. l>ut in Melanesia the climate is such that it would be wrong to attempt the per- manent location of tiny missionary at present on any one island, A few months almost always laid them up. It was true that missionaries hod resided in some few islands in Melanesia fcr some time. This was the case in two islands of the Loynlty group, which being simply coral reefs upheaved, and without any dense vegetation, were the sanatoriuras of tliat part of the South Pacific. KvTij missionaries of the London Missi<)nary Society had laljoured fi»r m-^ny years? in health. Tn anotlier island, where l'r(^sbyt,erian missionaries laboured,, the climate was also more favourable than was found to be the case more to the north ; but these were exceptions, . : . He (tlif' Mi.shop) could tell them many things concerning the evil character of the MF.LANE.SIA. 3:'>1 lirf^d for the islanflors. In the Solnm'ni group he had ^lept with a c\nv\\ nn the ridgepole of whose lint hung twenty-seven skulls, near an oven, the purpose of which he would not indicate. There was no dealing with this man, whom he had fiilcd to persuade not to go to war to add to his ghastly collection. lit- knew of one ijitelligent boy who had strangled his mother on hi-^ lathtT's death. Infanticide, suicide, and burying alivo w-oyo connnon. Girls jumped from cliffs with their children, youn;_^ men hung thciiiselves, women swam out to sea to be eaten by sharks, and all because they w^itc without self-control, and unable to bear a few moments' anxiety, pain, or griel. AVars were perpetual, and feuds were carried on from generation to generati(ui. In most of the islands there wore no great chiefs, and each man did what was right in bis own eyes. . . . The question then arose, How was the Word of God to be introduced here 1 . . . The mode of procedure was something like this. lie would go to some island with a bright C(>ral l>each. luxuriant vegetation, all manner of fruits, bananas, and cocoa-nuts, appearing in th(3 foliage ; leaping cascades, anrl hills, 2,000 or 3,000 feet high, ('r>vere.er- wards he w^ould go to that island, would be received kindly, and eventually allowed to take away a boy or so. Thus, through God s providence, during the past ten or twelve years they had visited about seventy islands, and hant>. and the west coa.st of Africa, had to 1)0 adopted, A\here natives of /Vfrican trilKvs were now trained up to become Iho missionaries ol' their own countrymen, There were few other dilliculties to be met wdth. So docile and affectionate were the natives, when their cc'ididente had once been gained, that he knew in some islands they woidd not hurt a hair of his Jiead, and the buys ho had taken away he l)elieved would follow Jiini' anywhere. In one voyage In* had landed eighty times, and thirty times on places never before visited, as far as he knew, by the ^^hite man. Seven tiiueswas lie allowed to come away, bringing natives I'roiii the places he had never before visited. (.)nce he had landed a second time, on an island from wdnch he had previously t dveii away a lad, who had died while absent, and yet the natives understood that he would, not have returned thus defenceless had he been the cause of the lad's death. A school was (\stab- lished now in New Zealand for these native youtiis, bu* tlic mischief was that when the islands were left for a few month^! there was a danger of these young persons relapsing iutr. heathenism ; they could only be reclaimed wdth difticuliy What was wantetl was central ]:»laces for woi'k, and men and means. Tie would like to have schools in ten dilferent clusters of islands, uiidei ten dilferent English clergymen, each with ]i\^ trained band of scholars. What might be done was sh(uvii in the case of Mota or Sugar Loaf Island. Some six years ago the Bishop of iS^nv Zealand thought it wiser not to land there ; init now seven young persons from that grouj) w^ere l)aptized uid conhrmcd, and many others were, he trusted, soon to be bap MF^LAXEyrA. ti/e'l. Tlie Datives were r»'liiiquisliing tlicir old h(.i'vil)I(' cnsl.uiis, j.oacc wa.s ^'radually bomg cstablislKM.! in fli* (iitlcrtiut \illagt'H, and Cliristiaii toacliing M'as being carried Iniw.ud. ^^'ll<'n lie fdiind men changing their habits — peace, instead ••!' Wiir, confi- ilcuie instead of ,sus]>icion, and old men .buying that a |M>\ver like ;i .-oiitli wind was sweeping away superstition, even iliougli there were no great professions of Christianity, lie could not dMiibt that Cliii-^t's power was already manifesting itself among them. All tills was ent>ugh to excit(* the keenest llop{^s, bui still th< ii hands wore tied, Several «'entral s[)<»ts were ready, but he had not the- means to occupy them. He hoped tlie people of Australia would remember this. ^I'hey were nearer to Melanesia than Kcw Zealand. . . . New Zeahand was doing its duty, and IfiO/. or 500/, could 1)0 expected from them annual]}' for the work. The despised Maories in Tarauaki, when the war broke out, had sent 13/., anerly spr-aking, chargeable with a large d(d)i, and yet the expenses could not be curtailed, 'ilie cost of the vess(d could Hot he reduced below (JoQ/. per annum, which, iiwduding six laoiiths' wages and provisions for the ci'ew, was not much for a \ess(l of ninety tons. The living could not be clieaper, the buihlmgs used more simple, or the clothing recpiii-ed more economical." A few^ extracts from l^ishop Patteson's letters will (iomplete the picture; — 'SSt. Andrt-w's College, Kohimarama. is healthily situated on a dry sandy soil, a stone's throw from the b.',ach, protected from the cold winds, and at a cc»nvenient distance from Auckhtnd, V'oa see by our farm-buildings and tin; general look > 4-i«^ ••>»>•••.&•. »j 334 WORK IN THE COLONIES. ol the land behind the C'olleg(3, that wo have had a h^,'a^7• di.iiii iip<^u our purse to pay for our farming operations ; hut I hoji- that th(» income of the mis.sion from thi.s source will l)e a con. sid< Table one by and l>y, and it will be needed to meet an expking fellow can show many ^scars received in w^arfare, perhaps in capturing or def(mding his wives, of whom he has four. That older -looking man, sitting witli iwo lads and a young girl at that table, is Wadrokal, our oldest scholar. This is the tenth year since the P/ishop of Xew Zealand first brought him from his island, and he is teaching Ins liiili} wife and two of his countrymen. This class is learning iho ('atecliism ; and w^e teach them something about those cliaractiirs of the Old Testament whose names most frequently occuj m tlie .New Testament. We do not want to go minutely into tlie Old Testament .History, but to pass on to the New Testament event-, as soon as some general idea has been given them of the graanal unfolding of the great promise of the fSeed of the woman. And they understand s^ich reaching ; they do not learn facts only as so many isolated facts, but coml)ine and reason upon tb.- iact^. There is no want of mental powder about them; and sonic ajv Tery clear-headed fellows. . . . Every evening one of the first class is set to teach six or seven of the less advanced scholarH It is capital training for them, and yon know our great object is to teach these yoimg men to be teachers. Wo are astonished to .Hit«i^: n^ixiLi /-- Siuita ^■.:«i»-' v»tnfa:-,'*a'ur])n>iiin to Ii.mv ami jj(,,. linu- very wvW tiny iinilcistaii'l llicii l)asiiie.s<, ii-^ tin-iv ]tioniiig out til tlic b<^y.s whai has heiiii tiX|'laiii('uU|» )u the michlle of tlu; day lor dinner _, and bread <«i lice and tea again in the evening. This cold weathei we give iheni a good cup of hot chocolate all round at. 8 p.m. after the (Wc^ning school, and then send them off to bed. After tea we have ]>ia>ei's before the evening school. AVe sing a hymn, say the Creed, aiitl t>tier u]) our prayejs in several 'anguages, according to the numlier of islands r< pres(3iUed any given year in our scht»(;l. and according to v/ur knowledge o!^ tdie languages. Yori will feel that this is the time v\ lien the real nature of our work oorues home to us. it is a l)lessed thing indeed to hear these cldkhen praying in the words of our own (jreneral ('onfession : isliUid after island passing in tlnuight belVu'c; our minds, as we tak(3 u]t one language after another, and then gather all together ui our own English prayer. "The i)resent working staff of the mission cf the Loyally Tslaiuls. Tli.. latter liiis ])<*en living; with us foi- t'uiir years. Our w inter tip \ puss<' mI' the heathen. To any onr who has hitheito followed the histn(\ of the unssion it will b«' fvident tliat we are rmt to exju'ct tlni the i)rogrt'Ss ean be other than gradual. A great chango lunst pass upon a native of the .M"laiiesian Isles, as W(^ see lum, dcsii tute of any kind of clothing, with bow and arrows ti])pr(l nit I, human biaic, waving his speai and club, c»r standing witli paiiiii'.i face and girdle of li'inian teeth, watching the cautious appidaili of our boat, or, it may be, with Avild gesticulations and noisy cri^s, beckoning us to the shore, or dashing through the serf to inrcj the boat. A great chang< ^ indeed, must pass U[>on such an .inc, before he can 1)0 brought by tho grace of God to sit ^clothed and in his I'iLdit mijid' it the feet of C'hrist. Moreover, theiv i? ahvays to be considered tlie ditficulty presenteil l)y the givai multiplicity of languages. We must, in each island, learn a new language before we can teach the inha])itants tlie object of our coming among them Hut it is a matter for great thankfulness that tile opportumtv cf preaching the Gospel to these poor scattered sheep rs presented to us already in several island-N "We thank God that we do see in not a few places indications ni the coming liarv(^st. and if we cannot see it elsew^here, we believf; that it will come ; and so the w^ork must go on, because it is tht- work of God. We know that even now 'the isles are waiting for Him.' " 8o we commend this mission to the prayers and the alms of the Churches of Christ, and especially to the Churches of A\\> tralasia, to which these islands seem to be, in a pcculia]' ^jcnse. HONOLinU. 337 Islaiuk Tiu" Lie \viiitii Hiich an "iiif, sit ^clothctl and reovor, tln'ii' is l)y the giviii tl, learn a iicay objeet of oui thaiikfuhies.s t«> thes;e pool several islands. s indications id lero, WT believf; >f cause ii .i^ ili* iles are ^vaiting iihI the alms oi u'ches of Aus pcculiai' ^eiise. roiuiuitted. .Ma\ (ItnCs Spiiit str('ii<;tlitii those win. m \U_ \\;\<^ alreinly called to tliis work, and seny Ilmi. t » carry the niessage of salvatjoo to thr • ipiiltitude of till' islea/' II X O I. IT L [J. Tlic Hawaiian or Rand\\i(h Islands wt-ro ilisoovcrt f him was thai he should ie[)resent to tlu' auihoritiey 111 England their desire to ha\e nussionaiio sent lo them, pjiglciinl neglecting this request, American t* jiclnn's of tin; Inde- [.endent df'uomination were reluctantly mlnntieil. and have long Iteen labouring in the islands. Mor(> ie< cntlv the I-'hmk h Roman CaihulicB have made, and are stdl making, great elForts to win tlu; people to the Roman Commn!iion a result from which tho Governtnent is averse. Still the bulk of the p(-o[)h^ are ( jiristians only m name. Independeiits and L'omanists frankly avow the smalln^'ss of their success in producing a vital change. The appbcation for I.rj.udish teachers, originally made' through N'aricoiiver, was several times renewed, and in the year ISiiO the Imiil; himself (Kamehameha IV.) wrote to i^Uu'cn Vi(-toria, and lt\ his minister to the Vrimate of the Kn«disli (hm-ch, stalinir that it was not only his own earnest wish, hut that of many of hi.- chuifs, and of the print i[)al Euroj>ean res,idents, to have a complete branch of the English Church planted anumg his people. Her Majesty agreed t(j tlu' re<|Uest ; and on the I nth of December^ 18G1, the liev. T. iS'. Staley was consecrated Ihshop z 338 WOUK [N TFIK C0I/J\IF;H. of Honoliiln (tlu' ca]iitfil oT tJic SaiuhvK^-li T.^laiids) byihn Ardi bislinp of ( 'fint<'r))ury, at Lainltt>tli. The Society for tlio Propn^Mtioii of tlir Gospel liiuiioilinfrlv resnlvcd to assist tliis importanl missinu liy the appointiiicnt of tlire(i der;^'ViiH'ii, uho acf'oin]>aiiio(l tlu; Bislntp to liia diooL'si', Avhoro hv uTiM'd in Oitobcr, i>]ii»p was most kiiuVU iecoiveishop hopes, will c >n tinue to afford if a similar measure of support. The Sandwich islands, whicli constitute the diocese of llouo lulu, are situated in the Korth Pacihc Ocean, midway betwci.'ii British (Jolumbia and Calif* niiia on the east. Japan nnd Cliiha on the west, and Australia and New Zealand on the south, (Ik grouj) consists of eight islands, and appears to have been iVu'ijicI by volcanic action. Tlie largest volcano in the world is in this group. Coral reefs abound along the shores and make c!j]»iial breakwaters. The climate is very temperate ; it has nlnnidy Ixj- come a kind of sanatoriuui for Columbia and (Jalifornin ; and it; considered, v(ny beneficial to those wlio suffer from ]->ulmo]iary aflections. The ])ro. l»a\ in^' al"'iit i'r),()(M) luv'onnected "With any creed. The vnlrauDcs m,>\, fMrmeriy siij'poscd by the natives t(> he the h djiJalmns d ihcii ;j|ieast' thmi hut human saerifiecs ; hence tliidr relif,don was nl a ( lutl kind. 'The "t.ib(H»" was a sy.stein ol jTrohibition eveiMhin^' tahno.'d hy tlie priests was reh«4iously avoided hy tlu- natives, wln> dui-i not touch it. A ^ood use of the '' taboo " was jnadc on '>\h' cci asinn, wIk'U \'an(M.)U\'ei' tirst bion^dii hni\s».'s, oxen, and slu-e]) tn tlie.so islands. These aruniaJd were tabuued tbr ten years, during which tiijic iliey inr-reased rapidly, and when tJje tal-.o was runjoved, the islands were well stocked. The nusshin parly at ]»resent consists of the V.i>li..p ii,.i tniee •derj^ynien ('nly; bnt in his recently publislu'djoiuaial, Lli'. IhsLop .''•ays: — " Onr stall of clergy will ^{>n\i he increust d ];y one native deal on, in the person, of Major Wdliani iioapili Kamvoui, Ua is at jiresent a nia|».»r in lire army and aidc-de-caui]) to lh» Kln;^^ 111 owns cimsiderable property at AVailnka, on Uw, island of Maui, and is one of the hi^^hest eliiels m the kingdom ^ but he is giving up everything with a desire tu take llnly Orders. \Vi' have also received another ai)p]ietdion from a young native to be admitted to the ministry." A fe^^ extracts from the lUshoit'.s letters will show what has l)een already accomplished , — '* We liu\o not been here quite twelve months; jnn< Ji. however, by (rod's Idessing, has b(*en achieved in that timi^ A tem[>orary 'liurcli w^as obtained on onr arrival, and ahoiit liioo/. (A the funds uf the mission were hdd out upon its enlargement and adaptation tur Iiivinc Service. "W'e have, e\ery Sunilay, three Hawaiian and three Englisli services, besides two daily services iii the u'cck, all well attended. Our haptisms have been about -iiK) already ; fifty c>r sixty iiatiA'es liave been cfjnfirmed, and are all z 2 :\\() woTiR IX Tni: roi/)\iEa. rnrmiiniiK'ant.s. We liavi' ji1»mii1 tiftv Kiiglisliconiimmi^'aiits. , , Tlioio IN ;> li'ival Krcc r.illcur Ik'T", ailcTtilcl 1)\ -...1111' ."ion |,f,\. afi()(»/. annually. 1'ho Txtanl has just •'nlriisloil nj« wiili its i«-or;^'ani/.ali<»n. I liavt* bf\nuu llio task hy scpaiatin;^' tin elder Lfiriri an! llic l»t\, 1, Mason), and we puipoHr converting the "wliule institution, ^viih its alliliated sehools. into a Normal Tfamijig (.'ollei^f, witji twu depart nit '11 ts, nnc f'.n training seboohuasters to tcadi Kngll^li speaking schools, tin other for training seli lui- nished with separate da) -sehools for beys and girls, undei ahle teachers. , . . I>(t me ))rietly enumerate some of the tangible rosiills of our year's work: — 1 The Female Industrial l»oarihiiu' SehoMl. ercf.t'd by the King at his 5L Hawaiian boys, su|»erint('nded by the iJev. K. ,ll)betson I A society ol' laymen, cliieily natives, with Yiie-Chancellor h'obalsa at the head, to aid the clergy. They teach in the Sunday School visit the sick, ex])lain collo<[uially the prineiph'S and distiiiclivr character of onr (.'hurch; sometimes they are allowed to expjuin tlie Holy Scriptur(?s to a congregation as lay-deacons. >). A society of ladies, called the Hawaiian Cathedral Visiting Society. The Queen is ]>resident, and takes lierself an active' ])art in visit- ing the sick. TIk; leading chiefesses and many foreign ladies belong to the association. I'he people before were w]io]l\ neglected wdien sick. Ey the exertion of the ladies the ho^})ital has been w^cll-nigh tilled ; beibre, the Hawaiians preferred iIjimi' native incantations, but now they are beginning to see the supt. irn\(»[,UI,U ;; 1 1 niinif'iuits, cation rNjMn.lr I'usteil iiif aIiIi 8(»par;itiii^ ili( to llu; l''clll(ilc .1 lln' L'tv, (. istitiitioii, ^vitli lU'LTf, Willi. [\\'<> Iciifli I'lii-lisli listiessos. Wc, 5 ^rii(liMll> tur- iris, uiitlt'i' ;iMt' • )!' lllO tilli;^ll)li istrial UoaTiliiiL! , and coinlurti'd i-.anunar Srliooi oiit('a.>t l)etson. 1 A iccllor l>ol»;ils,i Sunday vSchuol md di-tiu' live wed to cxplnin (•aeons. »"). A i siting' Surieiv. V part in visit- I'tu'cigii ladio.-^ were wlio]l\ es tlio 1l()^pilal preferred diiMr see tlie sup*. riority'oi Kuropean tr«';itiii»nt. . . . Tin- < hunlj Im-, Imm-u plaiitt'd in tlh' Islaml ol Maui, A\liirli i Imm- >/\vi\\ in eharL,'*' to the KtiV. W. \l. Scott. II'* lia.s cstaltli-licfl ,i l-'nualr JM.Iiistn.d (Vtllet^'o. untlt-r Mts. Scott's inana'-jcinrnt, and a ymniL,' jtei>"U, trnijitil l»y tli<' l''ast- ^Jri]istea /e.il and d''Votion will l)«';ir nni'li fruit." A very inter(\'^tin<; incident occurreii otu,- Sunday in tlif course of .1 missionary tour, wliiidi the Hishnj) m idc in l>^(i;;, ju the Ishind of Hawaii. The TdslK^p was juinistei-inu- at Kona, on tlw south ol the Hay of Ke,alakeakua, in \v1iiy a layman; after whicli, the Kin;^ preaclu^.d an ('kxpie^it extempore fiormon fiom the text, ''Jesus wept." The service was con- ducted in the same way on the following:,' vSumlay. There is, perhaps, no instance of a King ihus formally takitiu pa,rt in the religious instruction of his peoj^h?- since the days of Charlemagne. The extension of the nnssionai'y vN'ork on these islands and an increase to the niimlK-r of the clergy, are the objects which the Bishop hafc} at heart, and presses most earnestly on the (Tiurch at home. ''The progress of our work here," he writes, *'has been, so far, beyond our most sanguine exi)e(dation. Every effort is made by the members of our Church, according to their ".»»ut tiio islands at present are not rich. Tliowlialinf^^ fleet is mucli diminished, and tlie productions of tlie soil are only now being developed. In a fe^v years the ishuids wdl become richer.'' The present Kuig declares tliat lie looks upon tlie infant national Cliurch as " a sacred legacy be- cjueathcd to him by his l)fother;" and it is also evident from lii.s acts that he is as fully impressed as his predecessors wilh tlio importance of the ])olicy of gi\'in,<:( e\'ery aid to tlie English mission to (;stnblisli itself as the national Church of the islands. The (^ueen of Hawaii is said to be intending to visit Kuglaud with the hope (A exciting an interest in the fate of her peo|;le, and of obtaining a more eilicient su]'purt to the Anglican, mission amongst them. The establishment of this mission is indeed an interestuig event in the history of the English Church. It is tlie first tiiuo that she has, at the request of a foreign soveri/ign, sent forth a branch of her pure and reformed Church to be transplanteil into a foreign soil ^lay it strike deep root, and grow into a great tr(3e, overspreading the myriad islands of those seas witlv it.^ pleasant shade, and feeding the people with its life-giving fruit! And may this bo only the first of many similar rotjuosts for grafts of our sacred vine ! -^JEP^'^' "— *' ft-^irrr*;** GIBRALTAR. 343 CnAPTER XIV. WORK IN EUROPE .\ND THE SIIORE^i OK TriF, MEDTTFRUANKAy GIBRALTAR JERrsALEU CONTIXLNTAL ('[[ VPL vrN'fTKS — EMI grants' AID FUND — ST. AU'^UsTINe's COLLllGE — IMIKSENT STATI OF THE COLONIAL CHURCH — CONCLUSJOX. (1 I n R A L T A R. From the very nature, and conRtitutir»n of tho Society for the Propa,i?;ition of the Gospel in Foreiun Part.=, its work in Europe — wlierc that Gospel has so Iou^l;- tlourislied and taken such dr-op root — has necessarily been on a small and limited scale, at least ill comparison with its labours in other less favoured (piarters of the o'lobe. Yet even here it has not been -without som«5 wit- jiohses of its faithfulness and zeal, and that from a very early period of its existence. in the first report, published in 1704, mention is mad*' of assistance rendered by the Society to the lUitisli factories at Moscow and Amsterdam, ].)y grants of books, and contributions towards the support of the chaplains stationed tlrere. In 1761 the Society became trustees of the Protestant Col- lege of Debritzen in Hungary, and the proceeds of the fund for its relief and benefit, which "was then transferred to the Society, arc still paid by it to the Professors of the College. In 17GS a collection was made under a royal letter, in favour of " the Protestants of the VaudoLS ( ,'hurches in th(^ valleys of Piedmont, to enable them to maintain the ministers, schools, and poor, which they were not able to support in any tolerable ij su WORK IN THE COLONIES. ninnnor/' This fund, entrusted to the care of the Society, and increased by subse(|uent h'gacies, donations, and accuniuhitir.iis^ is now applied to tlie payment of thirteen J'rotcstant pastors. The colonies or dci)endencies of the Uritish Eminre in I'AUope are conipai-atively small and few in number, consistin,L( priiici- paliy of Gibraltar, Malta, and tlie Ionian, Islands. These liavi been formed into one colonial diocese under the spiritual chari^^c of the .r)ishop of ( Gibraltar, and of this we will now proceed te give a short account. (Gibraltar, known to the ancients as Mount Calpt\ and f(U'nung with ^Nlount Abyla on the African shori^ the " PilLirs of Hercules," is supposed to liave been visited by the riidui cians and ('artha<^dnians. and was certainly oi-cupied as a station by the lionians. l]ut its value as a military post seems first to have been settled by the Sai'acens, who, invading Spain in the year 712, erected a fortress and placed a garrison on the rijck in ordiT to keep open their communications with Africa. To this stronghold they gave the name r)f Gebel Torif (tlie Ihll of Torif), in compliment to their successful chief^ Torif Fbh Torca, and timo has wrought its customary work by corruptuig the word into (Ul)raltar. This important post continued in possession of the Moors of Barliary until the year 1402, wlicn it was reconquered by the Spaniards, and in their hands it remained till 1704, The war of the Austrian succession^ m Avliich the English and Austrian armies under the command of the I)uk(; of Marlborough gained such brilliant victories, was then desolating Europe, and the English fleet under Adihiral Jiooke, cruising along the coast of Si)ain, made a successful attack Uj:)cn (libraltar, which has remained ever since in tbo possession of the English, in spite of repeated attempts to wresi it from them. The promontory of Gibraltar, the most southern fragment of GIBRALTAR. .34;"! the continont of luiropc, and one of the keys to th(> oiilranee (it tho Mi'diteriaiiean, einltraees au arabk; arua of imt (|Uite -(M) uci'cs, with mountain ranges intersecting it -whicli n-,*' to th(! extreme height of \A'-V^ feet. Its hnrlxnir i:> not good ni it>clf, hilt very important in regard to its maritime position, aici it is crowneraltai is governed njxjn the strict prineijde of military law. Tie led by the Pliu nieians about the period u1 thr drjtarture> of the Israelites out of Kgypt, and came into the possession of the Greeks B.<'. 730, from Avhom it ro(:eived the name of Melita, iu conserpienee, it ha^ bc^en assumed, of the abundance ami. ex- .lihsite tlavour of the ]i<~>ney which ih [(I'oouced. .About th.t.' year r)-j8 B.C. the Cartliiiginians wrested it trom the (ireeks, and they wei'c in turn dispossessed of it by the Tiomans (n.e. '2 12), in whose hands it K^mained until thf dissolution of the Km] (ire. ft is generally supposed to be the island on whose coast St. I'aul 3iitl(M'ed shipwTeck in. the prosecution of his voyage trthy of notice — its capital city, its palaces, hospitals, cliun hes, and even the great bulk of '^'^mmimnifi^^^- ■ •mt a.t..*^-**^^<^iik*Ak,.^ ■ >'' 34G WORK rx TflE COLONIES. I .■ ! its fortifications — it owos to tliom ; and in tlioir posscs?^ion it remained until it surrondtTcd to the liritish troo])s under Ivavj Lyned()(;h in ITO'*^. Ever ninee tlnit tiino it lias continued to be a dependency on the Ch'own of Great iJritain. Alalia and the small adjoinin.c;' island of (Jozo contidn an arco of ninety dive stjaare miles, and a population of \'ll ,2^)^ souk The fortiiications of Malta are of the most formidaLle kind, ai^l there is good anchorage for a Meet of sufficient strtrngtli to koi'p at least fast hold of the Mediterranean. It is garrisoned 1)y three reginu'vits of iSritisli infantry, a colonial coips, jiiid a strong foi'ce of artillery and engineers. Valetta, the ])res(;iit capital, wjis so nametl from its founder, the Orand .Master La Valette, in whoso time ^lalta sustained that memorable siege by tiio Turks, during which 2G0 knights with 7,000 uf their soldicrM were slain, while tlie loss of the Turks was so great as to defy C( tnijaitation, Thi^ Ionian Isles are all mentioned by Homer as sendiiia forth, und(^r their respective chiefs, contingents to the army •v\diich laid siege to Troy : and they appear to liav^e been in his day independent principalities. The early history of all i^ however made up of the wildest traditions till it became ab- sorbed in that of (jreece and Kome, under whose dominion thes(! islands successively fell, and remained until the mijth century of our era. After vibrating for several centuries l:»e- tweeii an uneasy independence and the rule of Kome, Cfreece, and Maples alternattdy, Corfu, the chief of these islands, in the fifteenth century was brought under the sway of Venice, which maintained its su])eriority over it well nigh 300 years, until in fact the Venetian KepuVtlic itself ceased to exist. Corfu then fell into the hands of the Fr(3nch, but in 1814 was wrested from them by the ihitish troops, and at the general peace in 1815 the Ionian Islands Avere elevated into the condition of an in- *»ja'V .- K w I OTBRALT \n. 3r (.lepondont ivpiihlic, and })lacoy a handful oi' Knglish merchants and their families scattered for the convenience of trade through the group. About ^i,0(J() Englisli. troo])s sultice to garrison tho whole, and tho w^orks, especially in Corfu, are fornudable. These three dependencies, it has been ab-eady stated, were formed into a diocese l»y the British Government, and in 1842 tho Rev, G. Tomlinson was cons'^crated lirst Bishop of Gibraltar, with jurisdiction over the ciiaplains and other clergymen stationed in the towns and ports along the shores ol the ^Mediterranean Sea. In 1854 the attention of the wdiole country was occupied by the events of the war in the Crimea. All classes were engagc^d in a generous rivalry to supply the wants and minister to the comfort of the soldiers, and it occurred to the Society that its ■X n^^-^^'-'j-^j^^ <. 348 WORK IN THE COLONIES, ' own |iro|>t'i' firintion was to make additional ])rovi8i()n tor tlicir spiritual uistnictioii and r-oiisolatioii, In a few wock.s a >,iiui al)undantlv siillicicnt to ni(!ot tlic o.stiinatcd oxponditure was ooJlcctoil, and no time was lost in sel(?('tinst tirgent and arduous service. Their own letters mi<4ht be eited to show the various and trying duties \v whicli tliey were employ(Ml ; but a still more satisfactory trsti moiiy was borne to their /eal and devotion l)y the oflic(n's and privates who enjoyed the advantage of their ministrations m health and sickness. At tiio close of the war several of tlioij^ excellent clergymen, wlio ga\'e themselves to a hard and Inhmi ous work at a very tiying tune, were permanently attaclni/l as chaplains to the army, and four out of the Ji urn her never re- turned, but Avere called away in the order of .Providence from th(^ midst of their labours^ to their rest and rewai'd, In Ic^oG, when peact' was restored, the Society resolved t- establish a mission at Constantinople, and appointed two ''[''rgy- men lo devote themselves in the first instance to the spiritual care of the sailors, shipping agents, store-keepers, and other residents at that port wlio are virtually beyond the circle of tin regidar ministrations of the chaplain of the l-anbassy. It was also resolved that a suitable churcli should be erected *'for th(^ regular and perpetual worship of Almighty G(»J, at Constantinople — a church which, while it is a witness of the true God to the Mahometan, will pi'esent, in its stated, services, to iiujaii'ers of every other race and. communion, an example of th(^ manner m which the pure doctrines of Christianity are taught by the Jieformed Church of England.'' Thi.> cliurrh (a^; originally suggested by the Bishop of Gibraltar) is tc* tie a Memorial C hurch, an enduring monument to the memory of uiu. ^^^i^iti&r^-i otBR.sr.TAn 310 roniitrymon who toll in iho uar with 17»issia, as well as a thaiik- ullciiiig for tlu; nistoratioii of poacc tc Mupjpo. Tlio church itself, as woll as the < IcruyincTi '■in|»lnyo(l in tlio riission are, uf course, uiuhhr the Jurisdiction ol IIh' liislioji of Gila-altar. In I8<).'} TUsho]) Toniliuson died, and the l^iglit Rev. r.isho]> Tntwer, .sometime Jilshop of ( ilasgow, was appointed to the Sc*) of (;ihraltar. The diocese of Clihraltar (idtlioiigh the rji,s]i()})'s jurisdiction is S(. widely extended) does not embrace' an aiva, of nioic than 1.1113 square miles, and the popuhition is I'stiniatiMl ;vj. iri.S'i.H souls. There are two Archdeacons (of ( Jibraltar antl Malta) and forty-seven clergymen, four of wlioni are missionaries of the Society. There are seven, clergymen at ( lihraltur, seven at M tlta, two in the Ionian Islamls, ten at (Vjnstaidiiio|ile, and twenty-one are stationed at various towns and j)orts tdong the shores of the 'Mediterranean. The mission at Constantinoph^, on which th" >Society exj:)en(h}d the sum of 1,102/. in 180.3, has been maintained up to the j>resf.'nt time with increasing efficiency and m the midst of many and peculiar difhcullJes, with singular wi.^doni and «lisci'e,tion, as well as patience and zeal. Of the four clergymen engaged in it in 18Gr), two arc Turks — tlie Iiev. Edward Williams, also known as 8elim Elfendi, and the Kev. ^ialimoud i'ilendi, who had been carefully trained at St. Augustine's ('ollege, Canterbury. Mr. Jehu Williams, the son of the former missionary, after a course of training at St. Augustine's, assists in the mission as catechist. The Mission School, ably conducted by an English schoolmaster, Mr. Coldham, and constantly sup(?rintended by the senior mis- Monary, the Rev. (J. C. (Juj'tis, continues to be one of the most interesting features of the mission. The composition of this school shows, ill a remarkable manner, the blending of peoples **■«-* fc^ ^^ --it ^r <^f t^«»t4'i.« 350 WORK IN THE C0I.0XIE8. I ' and faitLs in ilic East. *'Sevoral new ]m])ils," M'ritos ^Fr ('olj. liani, " Jiavi^ been admitted, viz. tlirou Mn^^disli 1)0}'.^, a ivrcjuli boy, a (iornian, .md a (Io()rf;ian schoolmastor, wliu is ongaL^o^l m translating' the Second K'ciading JJuok oftiie 8.V.O.K. into Arnio. niiui. Tile j)Ui'ils iiiid(.'i' njy care consist of several natioiialitit's and creeds. Among the foreigners I may reckon i'our ( Ji'ot'ks of the ( lre(>k Cluircli ; tlireo Armenians, of wliom one is rroteslaiit, two ( lei mans ; one Jiu-sian, ( Ireek Cliui'cli; on* l^Vrnch, lioiiian Catholic ; one J)ntch, Protestant; one Maltese, lioman Catiioln. Dewides these the fulLnving may b(i mentioned : — Two English, (Greek mother), Protestaiit ; one English ( I.)ruse mother), J'lo- teslant ; two French (English motlier), lioman Catholic ; ouo Dalniatian (English mother), Protestant; one Greek (I'jigli.sh mother), Protestant. Most of the foreign children, vvitli tho consent of their parents, take; ])art in all tlie vScri]»tnre lesson.s ; they learn tlie Chnj'ch (.'atecliism, and some fre<|uently attind Divine Service in the Emltassy chupel." There is also a Tmki.sh class, nnder the charge of the Pev. INIalimoad Etlendi, which ha.^ inci'eased considerably. The usual Turkish services continue to bo fairly attended ; the visits of inr|uirers are numerous ; and there is a visible abatement in the hostility (still viokaii- m some instances) Avith which the preaching of the Gospcd is encountcrid, and Christians in general — and especially Turkish Ghristians-- are regarded. A class of baptized Turks, eight of whcau Avcrc under the care of INlr. J. P. Williams alone, received conlirmatioii at the hands of the Bishop of (Gibraltar, in AFay, 1804. An am])le site for the Memorial Church was granted by the Sultan, and }>lans and estimates have been made, but various circumstances have occasioned a considerable dehiy in the erec- tion of the church, which has not long been commenced with the engagement that it is to bo hnished in two years. ::; .a»'j!t)itjJJ';aiU^ ' ;.l.. ,. \\ I '"lllilli llillllllllllij I II |||IHIMM»« JEKUSALEM. 3.3 1 ;r KK rs A i, i«: m Til' olergymcu aTi c(>nyecrated "lUshcp of the United (.'hurcli ot England and in laud m .Icru- ■^almi, with spiritual jurisdiction uvcj' tlio Knglisii chigv and .•oiiguegations in Syria, (Jlialdea, Kgypt, and Abyssinia, and over such other f^rotestant congregations a^ might he ilcsirous of [)iacing themselves under his authority." Ih IsfO Disliop Alexander died, and tlie I'ov. ►Samuel Oobat \vai appointed his successor. In a letter, written at the close of ISIO, liishop Gobat enu- jiierates witli gratitude various successes which Jiad ta,ken pk>.co diu'ini: that vear. Anion>ist these were tJie consecration of (."hrist ''hiirch, on Blount Zion ; the (.'stabli.-hineni of the House of In- ilu.stiy lor converts? and iin^uivers ; the commencement ot daily pravers in the JeAvish H.osi»ital j th(f prosperity of the J,)io<.;esau School and of that at Nablous ; the estal.iJishment of une at Tiberias, and of another at Salt, in conjunction with the (Ji-oek ratriarch. A Scripture reader had been sent among the L) ruses (heathens), and the congregation at Cairo aj'peared to be, on tlie wliule, in a liourishing condition. The .Bishop ^ makes an ap]»ea,l 1 Vide Gospel Missionary, vol. t, jip. 49, *JtJ. 352 WORK IN THE rOLON'IEH. I i:' I f on Ix/hiilf of the Clmrch cf Si. Murk, Alivxandria. Avliidi li,,^ since IxM^i) linisln'il, and was consj crfiku I by liini <<\i St. MmK'^ The JJisli'-p's various labniir.s anion^'si []iv people '^ommitttd tu his chari^'c are now shared by ^ix cler^ynien, and six niuie wh statiorK'.d in various part^ of S^ria and M.Ljypt There are iavm scliool-' in -b'i'usaieni, eonsistin;^ oi' upwards of niin-ty seln-iais. of wlioiii ai)oui lilty attend ji'guhuly the Knglisli scrvie< s, p, these schools the Catechism and the Thirty-nine Aili'Ic^ in Kn^lisji an- tau^Ldit ; and at the. r.isho}>'s re(pieHt, the Sncitty \'i\ Tr<«ni«itiii,L' 1 liri.^tiau Knowledge has granted them l in , th<' 8»'(i< tv I'll llClll hMI r(,pi,v furtluT grurii -i onusl tin puuJ. in view /f tli" ovoml)er, 1*^<''V), pate ol' '.U.-^okIcm; Hit,(!dly t'lij-tyeil, uiiguagv'h •Mt'iT I, of \vhi( li till ml two I'la)!') cv angel i/at ion llitlierto till li (Calized. . . . 18 about r>(iil : ;ies in (jalilc', lircli Missio]ian nati^o.s. Tlir the small C'lii" |)iit I am sorry 1 there is a ^vaIll roXTINKNTAI ( II Al' I, A I N'c IKS. |'> nf/irftucrr tlius exitp'ssed his er.tin\at<' <»!' I-'m-cign ( 'li;i|il;iiii> ;,iitl ' 'lia|)laiii- ^.i^,.^ ; — "Tliu state nf (un Koiri-^Mi < 'liajilainrio is a sc;nulal t<» thr Kngli^h ('linrrli. . . . What carnt'st, nuiHlcd iiavi'll.'r lias not liliislicd for shauM' [o ]ti'li(»ld tin' lmildiii"j,s lliat arc callod oliuiclies and 'liajx'ls < . , . Our u'liolc Hystom <'| Anglican \vt)r- slup nn the (.'ontincnt nreds to Ix* n'formod ; Mith sninc ik.Mo jikJ n<'t(uious (\\ce]>ti()iis. our ('ha))lains ar<' hy \\n means orcd...- ,il)lt' to the Cliurch at lionio. ... As it is, h'omc shnws ln'st in Kiiglaud, and the Knglish (■|iurcli shows woi'st m < oimtries pro- fessing iJonn^.'s creed. AVe hope thai th«' day is not tar distant wlirn lids lamentabl** state of things may he amended.'' Ill l(^<'»i th» Jhshot) of London look tin lirst sto}) towai'ds rcuuMlying this evU, by issuing a I'astoral U> tiie Foreign Chap- lams, who are nondnaliy under liis (lunge, speaking w(jrds of sympathy to th<.nn, and askijig tlieir aid in his ('iidca^our to iiii])rove the condition of Foj'eign Chaplamcie'S. Til the following year the Society for the Propagation nf the Gospel resolved once nu)re to render assistance to FaiLilish (;on- gicgati'>ns on the Continent, and appointed a Contiiu^Jiid Chap- hmicies' ( ommitte* to carry out that design. 'J'hc genei'al I'uiids of the Society nnt l)eing contrdjuted with a view to such umlertakings as some of those which are propjjsed to the Coumiittee, a Special Fund was commenced for the purpose. One prevailing want commonly felt and lamentinl on the Continent is the want of systematic [)eriodieai administration of the holy rite of Confirmation, m some places this want must lie keenly felt. At Paris, Stuttgart, lleidcdberg, Chneva, and Lausanne there are hundreds of Knglish boys and girls, wlio are sent abroad at a tender age to receive an inexpensive and useful A A •- — -*•• *.-*'••■!»>.■ . M*. t»^ u. ' ^ -«1IW ■•- ^ '. t !■ y I I V t ( :]'){ WORK FN Tiiro COI/>NIKa. <'(lii(nti()ii. In ntli( r ]>la(:;eri — as at St. Pierre, Lillo, and l.ynn^ ilic rhildivii nf iii.'inuraciun'rs and artizans arc Ixtrn ami ])U'(| iq,, surroiimlt'd i>i\\y by t'or«'ign liahitM and tiistouis, witli no rliaiin- of over tasting' tlit- l)l('s.siJi^.< oi a rcsidcnc*.' in tlic land <<\' dp.), fatluM's, N\itli tlio roHponsibiliU upon tiKsni of roprcxMitui).' in thu presence o(" f<'roi,L;n('r.« l\u' life of < lirisiiiui I'aij^lishiii'i, ^\, yd th(j rite of (,'oniirniation Lns only bcon adnimistorcMl in a 1< w ])la(;es, an rite ; ami tlii.s inii)0]tant triidt lias bren in ])art liillilhd. Iiii|iiiri(> woi'o iiaudi ; al>out 100 candidateH Avere found to Ik- jvady .uil the Ar{dibislio|),s o\! (aiiterbmy and Arnia<^h and the l;i^ll^j• of Oxford kindly consented to make eonliriuation t(jiu> in l8G4r in France, (lerniany, Switzerland, i)enmark, Russia, A- ■ It is to be hoped that u work so auspieiously befiun will I, allowed to go on and ])rosper ; but contributions arc needed |j\ the Committee to defrny th( necessary expenses ol' thJN new line of their hdiour. Another need which presses upon Knglish Chajdains abroad is the lack of suitable buddings for use as chapels. ''At Ji.vla Chapelle the clergyman mounts a ])ulpit of extraordinary licii;hl in a Lutheran church. At lUiden- Hadeii the seivice is hel<' in o Koman (Jatholic church. At liiebrich it is hidd in a p.'Uaci' ol the Grand Duke's. In one place the service is held in the i.hajiel of Avhat was once a Jesuit college; in another in an (dd ( aiimlitc convent ; in another in a convent of the Sonirs Blanches. Suiii'' times it is liekl in the salle d> rnant/er of an hotel ; and in one instance it is held in a room of a i^ublic casino." The Society'^ Continimtal Committee haA'e already set themselves to remedy this lamentable deficiency. At Baden great eflbrts iiic being made to erect a suitable English church ; and the ( 'ominittoe i V . ^rSftl),^,..r^7g'r ' TJi ' T^ VS'V^ - ' ff '' ' ' i' T' WI ' M ! BWMi'? 0ONTINI:XTaL CHAPLAfNi iks. .Mr)r> f>, iiikI Lyons •n i\ii«l 1)Hm1 ii|., with no rJuuin- ,r l)iii isterod ii) ;i ft u I'Ik; l>ishoii cf 1>Il'UC'.S.S ul lln'M jilralioii (•! Ihi.s tilled. liKjuirio ) bo r<;a«ly ; uU'l {ind tho ^.i^llO{• nation ton I- ill Ilk, Kiissia, A l begun will !.'■ 9 ai'f.' iiot'cletl li\ of tlUN Ut-'.W line \i)Jaiiis abr(jail is ^' Al Aix-la- loixbnary ln'i,^'ht ice IS lu'li' ill 1. in a palaci' ol id ill the >ha]"jl II oldCariiuilitc ianclies. Suiu''- A'l ; and iii oii< The Sociot} V ilv(\s to remedy flui'ts are being the (.'ummittoe h.ive secured, honi siune -U Uhmi' omu muubei, a loan ul' .'idn/. (,•1 r}iiir< h-buildin^ on tin- ( oiitincnt, a portion"! \s hi«'h is lo be ^onl t" r>iideu. Ai^sistaueu hii> ul.sn bet-ii i^'ivi ii t. • Tiiriu iinl Me.HHina whevr tht^ like pieHwinu' iioeils ;irc jVh Two other liiaiiehe.s \'>\' w<>ik ar»' t;d<s"at'ann<: pnpulatK'ii of Kn;^'li^li «ui till* ( 'f.tntiiient there in aiiiph room lor :in additional tcieher, lo -.uppl'iut'nt the w'oik t-l tin iiitt d <'ha)'lain. 'J he enorjZKs and expenses of a lav a;L,'<'nt or S.-npturc vender can sacarc'ly )je lu'tter laid out than in HondiiiL'; him lo a stutiMn .^ucb as Ab'ssina, uliere .'^OOii Ihitish .-^eanK^n annuall\ luidxe sluutei ol longer visits, or to [)luei's like Lyons, where hundrcMla of llritish W'ovkiJK'n permanently reside. Another lnr;4e < lass of tjliaplaincifts need some organi/atiou anistani e. namely, thos A A L' ■'(■♦rti^iV^^Ww .«^ ^ (* •.iM* t^-^^i^.t .„. ,, :i")f> WORK [N THE COI.OXIKS. KMHIKANTS' AID FCND. All who arc intorestod in ih<' st.iito of roli'doti in thi ("<.] • iiiif f i ■i J: jiiUHt ,'i('.kn(»\vlt'tlg(' thr vast iiiiportanrc of <'Very (ill'orl f'oi d,, .spiritual )»(^rn!tit of Hu- omi^ianis who aiiuually |troc»MMl thlLli.-i ill ^ui'li iiinuensc iiiiiiii)ers 'I'lic Society was so hilly iin]MV,sst'i| "witii this thai in tin- year 1 Ml* a Spo(,'ial I'uud, (ailed tli; Kini^raiits' Aid I'^iiiid,, was raised for the purjH>sc <»!' iinjH'ovinu the eonihtiou o1 ih« • luigraiits in various ways, and a i'liaplain was stationi-d at Li\"'r])ool to visit th-.' numerous eiiii<^-iani 4i\\^)y sailing from that port. A few extract-s from the ii^jiorts receive*! from tinn^ to tniir from tilt liev. d, \V. Welsh, the Society's indefutigahle ( 'haplaiii, will ('onv<\y a clear idea of the <^ood which has been, alroadv elFected hy this appomtnu'nt. In dune, 18()l>, Mr. Welsh re cords the completion of the eleventh vear nf liis ministry as emlgr.'int's' chaplain at LiviM^pool. ddio number of emiosal by the Christian !vno^vle(l,^e Society, Uv also organizes classes for daily and Sunday scliools, and selects the best qualified teacliers ti^ conduct them. The numbe]- of vessels visited during the previous year was no fewer thaji '2H^. When prevented by the state of the weal h(T from boarding the vessels, Mr. Welsh states that he has sjteiit Ins time in visiting the emigrant lodging houses ; {ind that he has observed with pleasure '*a, most wonderful improvement in those j"u.?i''nBlfA"S ii ij i W i Bi i aiiiie i tiMM^ ST. AUGUSTINE S COULFOK. or;** ill till < rt',ssc.| lllit], (;lll(!d til: u- of iiii]MT»vin1ji(is ill iiiiK^ tt' tmif igabUi i 'liapltiiii. ls been, alroadv Mr. Welsh ro bis ministry as of « 'migrants at 12 to 7(),(MMi in the followiii,ii \ boards t'ver} I risk ; colhvts I > I vino siTvico. looks tind traits an Knowledge iinday pcliuols, ct tliem. Tlie r was no tower ', weal her from bas s]»ent his (I that be has emont in those establishTnonls. rifrmbnoss, order, and rivilitv, liaxc inken tlic plact of (brt, confusion, and rudenoss.'"' Mr. \\'i'lslt holds ,i service at the emigrant de]»'jt ev(^ry t-vening while tlu; pi (»pl(; remain in resi(h'nec. Writing in May, IHr.2, Mr. W(dsli says 1 1. a\'e just er.ni jdi'ttMl. by ( lod. s g"(K)dness to me, tbe thiit'cnth var of my mission to emigrants. I)uring that period upwards ul' on(» tnillion soids were brought in eonta^^t with nn , ;ind mor(? tbiin ridOjOOU men, women, and (bildren actually .dtcnd. d my ser- vices, r have to reeord my unfeigned tlianks t«^ Altuighty (i(»(l, tor Ilis watchful care over me in jterils (d sirlon -^s .ukI perils of waters. Twice bave 1 been seized with ship cholera, and twice have I Vjcen immersed in the river, and ohligud to swim for my life. I have been ex]->osed tt» every kind '>t accident, every form of danger, and every cliangc of weather, in ojtcn boats, on a treacbei'ons river : but a nu^'ciful I*rovid<.'nce bas brought me saledy througli all. In every disriouragement and dillicuby, tbe ]tromise of the Saviour bius rtustaine tlie earth continues, the demand f(>r missionaries can never eoisf And yet the colleges and schools by which th<^ Chuirh m England is ])ro\'i(led with its clergy are confessedly inadrt^nat* to suj)]ily the existing demand for the ministry at home *'^ Ami the utter hopelessness of a place of training for mis- sionary labour being found h\ these, is even yet more obvit.iis, ])esidcs the absolute want of roojn oci asioned by the clainis of therinirdi hi England — besides the expense at present attacliod to residence at either Oxford or Cnni bridge — it cannot be too strongly stated, or too constantly k.e])t in mind, that the scheme of English University education, with all its excellencies, is iKit that which is needtidfor the missionary. Those men who arc t be not only the preachers of (Christianity, but in many distn''tf also the founders of civilization, have naturally wants pfO]'ert themselves ; a knowledge of oriental tongues, or th(* languaj^'cs and dialects of the South Seas : familiar aL-tpiaintance with the history, mythology, and, in the case of India, with tli(^ meta- physical science of heathen, nations ; some practical skill, to say the least, in tln^ mechanical arts and applied sciences, the calculati(»ns of the astronomer and navigator, the practice of medicine and surgery, and the apidication of chemistry to agri- culture, — all these are almost as necessary as sound religious kno^vledge and earnest zeal ; for without them the one may scarcely be available, because the ot-her is at a loss where first to begin its o}>erations. ^' E'or some few vears the training college of the Cliurcb Missionary Society at Islington (established in the year 1827), ST. AUGUSTINE S COLLEGE. ;]M) its. Yet, wf'i'.> ands would \],){ :li the y t iiiord hoatLeii world. ig, tlicn, ;i.> the in never consc, the (jhuixli Hi edly inad('iily lids want, so obvious to oiu'selves and so painfully frdt by tlie bisliops of the <'olonial sees, ('olonial eolli-gcs it is true had bet li estabiislied in -evei-al (piarters, Ijut many year,^ juust edapso ])elbre a (hie su]>ply of students couhl be liopcd for in these, and it was in deep feeling of tlie responsibilitios and dillieuki(\s which have been, enumerated, that in 1S42 a plan was ulti- mately ad(.)j>ted ol" estabUshing a central missiojuiry college in England. '^ The munificence of one individual, A .1, I;. Hope, Kstp ^[.V. ])estowed a site, and hxed what ve trust by iJod's blessing may be, so to s])eak, tlie centre of the missionary operations of this country, thr: lieart from which the life <>f the Go^pcJ may flow forth to the ends of the world, on a spot halh;\ve(l l>y old and venerable recollections, in the metropolitical city mI ranter- bin y, and on the 'te of the old Al)bey of 8t. Aiigut3tine. By September, 184G, the sum subscribed 1)y various nuMiibers of the Church for the erection of the college amounted to r)-t,()0(V., irrespective of yearly contributions promised to the extent of above 500/. per annum. On St. Teter's j)ay, 1^4 S^ the eha[>el was consecrated by the i\rchbishop of Cant< rbmy, 'ind the Mis-;i(Uiary College of St. Augustine's was opened foi students, the late Bishop Coleridge, of Barbados, undertaking t,he oiWch of warden." ^ The l>uildings are the eliapel, hall, library, warden's lodge, fellows' buildings, and rooms for forty stude,nts, and tor tw^elve native schijlars. The college is formed (»n the general plan of the collegiate institutions of the English T "Universities, io consist of a warden, siib-wai'den, and six fellows. The student may be of any nation and rank in life, the age of admission has been fixed at twenty years, the ordinary course of instruction is corn- i ColoitUd Church Chronicle, vol. i. p, so. -■r'Si*?!*'' ^ ■''^^••il^iC^^jli^'i ■ ■ ^^^ .3r,o WORK IN THE Colonies. ])l('ted ill tlirtio years, and tho annual coUc^^^iatfi cliarge IV»r th. education and niuintrnanco of eacli. .student i? 3^V. The Society loi the l'^•opa,L,^ation (.>i' the Gospel lia- Iw.on enabled in various ways materially to proniotti the use-fulnes.- ol this valual)lo institution of (In; Church. In the hrst plncr l.y makin<4 grants to deserving young men wishing to enter it hat destitute of sulheient means. Secondly, hy founding scliolar ships (six in nuniher) fr»r the benefit of those who aic destined foi Indi I and tlu-East, and who arc lYMpiircd, m addition to tlip usual college ccnirsc, to satisfy the Society of tlieir progress m oriental literature and languages. Thirdly, by alhnving a salny of 1 <.)(,)/ a yt^ai t--; a distinguished ori<-ntal scholar, who takes ihc supennt'-ndencc of this department in the college. And, fourthly, by making a grant of 250/. towards the new building recently (!ompleted and used for native youtlis of ])roniise brought u\ci from heatlienism. (hi tlie other hand the Society has had the great satisfaction of receiving on its list, or at least of assistinf;- by outfit and passage-nioney, the greater portion of the students of tin- college, some having gone out through other channels Of all it was persuade*! that they w^vre animated by a true ( diristian s})irit, and had evidently profited by the large and varied advantages they had enjoyed.^ Thev are now labounnn. speaking ol them as a body, with signal devotion and success in the widely ditferent stations to which they have been api)0!nted. jV early a hundred liave already been sent out to as many a^ thirty of the Colonial and Missionary Dioceses in Norlh America and Australia, the East and West Indies, Southern and Central Africa, A'ancoiiver's Island, arid I>orneo. In a valuable and interesting ])aper on ''The Supjdv ol ^linisters for the Colonial and Missionary Church," read ai tht^ Church Congress, October, I8G3, by the Rev. F. Hessey, D.C.L, 1 Vide Rq>ort lor 1«(J2, ^ -*.itl»,.^^J||j||^*> L'liarge lor thu Spol llil- lM;rt) e ustifuliK's.- by .0 fnter jt hat 11*1 in^' scUolar- iii'o dostiiUMl iXrUlition Uj tlie iir progress m [(jwing a salary who takes tho And, fourthly. ildiiig roci'Dtly .'. brought uvi'i :y has had ilit.' ist of ass'stiiifi' f the students 'ther fliauiu'ls. ited by a true the large and ow lal)0urinj^. and success in ieu appointed, to as many a^ es in Nord) Southern and 1 lie Sup])lv oi /' read at the lessey, DJ'.L B9 ' *-<».!il»«.V-' onit^ ^'oll ..,• Missionaries i r ''"•t^^'gl't ..at.ve elor 'mpovtant re«,,e.t. ' " ''^ '"'''«^«'' '^'-'a^ the j.ahn „ ' ij-^ Ihe "Calendar" of^f A ^ .goodly i,.t of th^tj^e eS'S S'" '''^^^^"''^ - -th "' ''••^■;''«-, in addition to tl 2 r''r'''''^'"'''^"'^'"«^^ ^'1 parts <,f the ,vorhl. rt oko . "'"^ '"'' 'ahouri„„ i„ teeiiKn,di.sl,d.oce,se.shavn,; t- "''■'"'■'^ "" ''•'■^« «'"" .seven ■oniiexion with this snbiee) 7 '"''''^"'"^" «* ''anterbnry. L I '^60 a Mission Hon.^:^^'"^ ^^ ^'"'" '« "^^"tion that ;'"'^'' at that tin,o was fonnii t ST ' T' '''''^' -->* 'or missionary candidates pre -10 „ " ^'^"^' "^ Preparation f '»h time it is not deii a .r h " '"f "' '"^"*^' "-'f-- Augustine's. Of its results i va IJ I^ '''"f ' «"""■ ^^ «t. • ^"n « -, " As a separate ins i ,t rtS li '" -'^l^"'' ^''«''' "».s ^'"thankful to say, well; our t t™ '^r'""" """* ""^ks, irom sixteen to twenty-three and 7^"^^''' «»' ^^ «««« vary ing '"='%• ^V'e Lave the «on of a I ^ "''' "^ "'"'V classes of ■^"'■Seon There are TZ l^!'^ ""''"' °^ ^'''^^''^'>^n,l : -:'y 'eft us ; one for C dritton r" , ""t"'' ^^«"'- '>«ve ,^ ■ Augustine's Cone.-e cZ l^ ^"'^^'^e, Barbados ; two for •^^-ionary College a tw'n' "'"Tt^ "'f ^ ^"^ "^« f''"'- '"gtoa. It IS stated that upwards of 1 » 1 11 X ; ! 1 ^ ■ 5- .} , ■ ? '. - I f I ' f ; 1 f i ^ 1 -1 ' i/^L^. '•S<*«*»»l»JBjJJ^ ■ ,1. i t 3G2 WORK IN THE COLONIES. twenty devoted clergymen, in various j)aTt8 of Enp^land, have been found to follow the example of the Kev. J. K. Phili[i|)s. and of the liev. C. J). Goldie, of Colnbi-ook, and at great per.son.il sacrifice and self-denial to assist in the training of niissionHiv candidates hy receiving them at their own houses, and givin.Li them the bcnelit of tuition at a cost so low as to make tlieir ell'oit all but a pure gift. '.i'hus we may now fairly hope to see, in (jod's gottd time, the realization of tlitit which the Society has so long had at heart, and has laboured under so many dilli( ulties to secure — an adequate su])ply of godly, devoted, well disciplined, and intelligoiil mem to labour in the colonies and dependencies of the Biitish empire. 80 deeply has St. Augustine's College struck its roots into the alfection and (Confidence of the ("hurch, that, as we luive already .seen, in almost every English diocese there is seme association in aid of its designs. And when, as every succeeding year gi\^es fuller signs, the whole body of the Church shall l)e thoroughly organized for this great w^ork of searching ont mis- sionary candidates of piety and promise froni every class, and the prayers of tlu.' whole ( 'hurch shall go up for guidance, ilion we may expect a rich Ijlessing to descend upon the effoi't. Die work, indeed, will still grow upon us, so vast is the f' dd of tiie world which still lies waste ; but the Society will continue to exercise tlie same care in the selection of its missionaries as it has ever done, neither rejecting candidates of inferior parts, pro- vided they have the essential qualities, nor admitting thobC tjf higher pretensions and attainments who are too evidently defi. cient in the true nnssionary spirit. L..-4iVt)j*4A! ifa,-^ia&'^- I'UE.sENT .STATE (>F THE COLONIAL ( lllUtll. ;}«;;i ''.np^land, have l*hili[>])s. aiul of iiiissionary 3S, and ,u;ivin,^ to make their ^ood time, the liad at heart, to secure — an and intelii;4oiit of tli'.! British itriu'k its roots hat, as we have there is soino very succeetuu^; liurcli shall ])e iliing nut mis- 'ery class, and guidance, then lie effort. The the f'"ld of liie 11 continue to Isiouaries as it ior parts, pro- Itting tho^e »»f ividently defi- rilKSF.NT STATF oK Till'. (OLnM.M. ( iniMlj. The estaMishiiient iind 'gradual doviOopmrril of \\\r ( 'hiindi in the Colonies and I >f}M'iidoiu'i('s ol' Iht- r«iili>h iMupirc liavf thus heeu hrieily traood iii the foregoing pagrs, and snnie at-cuunt given of the assistance) which it has iTceived, in its early tlilli- cvdties ami discouragonient.-^, iri almost every diocese, from the Society for the Propagation of the (lospel. The following ta])le, it is tliought, may bo found useful, as showing at a glance the numher and date of erection of <»ur colonial dioceses, the i>resent occupants of the respective stM'S, and the total number of clergy co-operating with them, together with the nund)er of the missionaries now employed, and the amount of pecuniary aid given 1»y the Society in eiudi diocese during a pcnod of ten years, wddch will prol)ably convey a (deariM" idea of the vahie of its assistance than the usual method of stating the expenditure of oiu^ year oidy, which varies very much in some tlioceses. In the case of those dioceses erected during the ten years, viz. from 18o4 — ISD.'i inclusivi', the sum placed against tliem does not represent all tliat the Society lu\s done for them in that time, as the assistance given previous to their erection into separate sees was naturally reckoned to the dioceses from which they have been divi< led. The diocese of Nassau, for exam ])le, was only established in 18G2, and the Society's grants for that and the following year anxount(.Ml to 8'J8/. ag stated in the table ; hut for several preceding yeai'S an annual grant of '^-jOL had been expended there which is reckoned to Jamaica, in wdiieh diocese Xassau had formerly been included. It must also be borne in mind that this ex|)enditure is cahailated from the (leneral T'und alone, and gives no account of the large sums annually granted to many of the dioceses from Special or Appro- [iriated Funds administered by the Society : — 3G4 WOHK IN Till: COLONIES. I DioH'HCH. I Nn\ ,1 SlMlliil 'J (purine . .'!. Tnrollt') . 4. Moiitl.'iil . . ■ I Union tV ( Mifjirid 7 N('\\ iniiiiilliniii I'lvl Uii ( Th'toll iKl'tslllMU 10. C'oliiiuhia n Jiiiiitiira ail . )ai|o9 cS [4. Aiitij,'uu . . ■J. (iiiiaiia ir». Capetown 17 St. llftcna . IS. (fraliamstown ti>. Nala! . . . 10. Orange River II Ci'Htral Africa t'l. Sierra Lyone .';}. Ni^er . . . Mauritius Calcutta . . Madras Bmubay . '. l.'oloinbo . , Lal'uan . . Vi<'t()r!a . . ^^y(llley , . (ioulburii Newcastle . Brisbane . . Melbourne . Adelaide . Pertli . . Tasmania New Zealand Christchurch Wellingtuii . Nelson . . Waiajni . , Melanesia . Honolulu Gibraltar Jerusalem . i).iti ul Krec- tioti. Present Bishop lliblnTt UillU'V, D.l). .J, W Williaiiis. I). I>. J. StiMclian. I) 1>. 1787 17!»;{ 18; J S-if' 1S4'J 1859 1824 1 HiV2 184'.' 184'J 1 W. W Jackson, D. D. K. Kult'ord, I) !>., Metropolitan U. Croiiyn, 1). I) J T. I.ewis, M.I) ... K Field, !>.]) J. Medley, l).l> Goor^o ITills, D.n fA. G. Si>cncer, D.I) , til. Coiirtt iia\, Bishop of Kuigst A. II. r Venables, D.D. . . l. Parry, D.l) 1841 W. P .\u.stiii. D.D. 1847 I U. (Jr.iy. D. D., Mc^tropolitan 18.^0 i T K. Welbv, D D. 18j3 185:^ 18t);i IStVI is;iU 18(i4 18,')4 1814 1 K>.r> 18;!7 181.') lS.-)5 1849 I8;it> ] 8».iy 1847 1859 1847 1847 18.07 1842 1S41 IS.''>6 18.'>8 1858 1859 1861 18(51 1842 1841 U. C-itterill, D.D. . J. W. Colenso. D D. . K. Twells. DM . . W. G. Tozer, D.D. . K. II. Heckles. D.D. H. Crowther, D. D. . V. \V. Ryan, D.D. . G. K. I.. Cotton, D.D., Metropolitan F Gell, D.D J. Hardin^'. D D P. C. Claujihlon, D.D. . . . F T. MoDoiigall, D.C.L. . . F Barker, D.D., Metropolitan M. Thomas, D.D. . . W. Tvrell, D.D. . E. VV. Tuffnell, D.D. . C. Ponv, D I). . . A. Short, D.D , . M. B. Hale, D.D. . . C. H Bronibv, D.D. G. A. Selwvn, D.D., Mel H. J. C. Harper, D.D, C. J. xVbrahau), D.D. W. Williams, D.C. L. J. C. Patteson, D D. T. N. Stalev, D. D. W. J. Trower, D D. 8. (Jobat, D.D. . ropolit n ) 81 111 1)5 80 7;i 49 55 2:j 14 101 88 HO .'{0 37 14 3 2 88 3 14 192 l(i8 M 19 S 21 72 20 29 10 100 33 17 55 :!() •M) 15 12 11 4 6 49 13 31 ,i2 29 11 24 5 25 l;! 3 3 30 34 r, 20 S I 7 o 4 19 8 2 i'o 1 •I Tell Y • ■■ir- 4 I |"'ii'litiii' '2 ] '2'^ f'.hil 4,7.JU 5.fi0(i 4. Sits I.. 'ISO 1,0:^4 li,()01 20 ^05 lO't MS 2,l't!7 ^'■•^ ^1 HI so 7;{ 4!) ■on II J 01 15 ss 80 .'{0 ■ii> (i 37 14 H ^8 3 !4 »2 >S 3 i» S 1 31 1 11 3.0 37 2 6 24 '>.-. 30 34 5 20 S I 7 ( 4 l!) H 2 id 1 •i 3 3 ■*;•'i i.i.i •-•1 J - _ 4,7.Ju 1.1 -Jil OfiOli 4,8l).S I'm 1,(W4 I'.iiia .^0 : ■''(15 i 100 j M8 2,!t.S7 Thu. ,t np,„,„-.H tl,a( (ho ,ir.f ,r '"■'■■; ^'^' »''"« >m,ssi,,n.„.i I "■^■"'>'' '-"y t''^' •'<-.•..■. v-( I " ™ .-"t r„Hl, ua JeU a.s, :, „ ) 'f" ' ""- -"i.-i,.,,. l"'"^ rec.u,,I a c^rti/i^.te ,C ,i ' ^ ''"'"'^ ^""' -^a,n,„atio„ ^■'fop ot London, ^ '-mt..,lH„.y ;,nf« pa.'.t J.-.bour, and its ""'' *''^' ''Society's rew.r for and new,; el ..~"«5-"' ^'^ the f/tnvo " ti: A.oHea-the .ottlers .Jt^Z:u''''T "° '^^ ", „ '■■'^ «?"Wcos. Whenever a' ; 1 ""■'•'^'' "■'"" "-eir own y anmunt of oontribution.s is thus f I ;}nr, WORK IN TllK COLONIES. I i ■ potMirod for tlic pcrmanciil (Mulowmenl ol' Uuj ( 'Imi-cli. ih. Sooictv lias luulcitaki'ii to ikIcI niu'-til'th from a fViiid reserved I.m tin ]nn|>OKe. 'Ihi:^ has already Ijeen done in Die (lioceae,, ni Nm\.j Scotia, Montreal, an l-jiiflish Church — an; niAV pre})ared to take the position of Jnissionaiitvs among the J'last Indian Coolies on their shores ; whil«' tin W.-st Indian Mission t(^ \\^\st Africa remains a nohle additional jjkjoI of the missi(.)narv Z(;al of the former; and the other dii mi •,y sending coiitrihutions to England in aid of the woik of tu(j Society. It may he hoped, then, that in conrse of time something like a competent provision, inde]>endent of foreign aid, will l)e secured for tlie support of the churches and clergy in the greater part of the British colonies ; and that the Society, thus relic \.'d IVoiii the necessity of contrihuting to them, may ho enabled to diivd its elforts to more destitute settlements, and largely to cxicinl its operations in heathen lands. For if in America and Australasia the Society is concerned almost exclusively with people of Liiro- pean descent — people, be it remondjered, having the lirst claim upon our sympatliies as being our own fl(?sli and blood ; if in Guiana and at the Cape its missionaries have a divided tlutv between the laiglish sett er and the native African ; there reiiKiiii'^ a vast country, part of our own empire, in which nearly one-thiid of ' 1' 1 fUKSKNT HTATK OF Till: <:o|.omaI. ( III ll« I|. •Mu 'cli, th<^ Socipty JSI'l'VCli to I I In DCeSfM nl N, I' own .■>(•! I it mil die lH!iillu.'ii, liy \V \V<»l'k of tlKJ oiiu'tliiim like a will be sitcureii i^n.'atcr ]»art of s ridi«'Vocpen(|ed, nnd many of its ino^.! able md (li'Veti'd iiiissioiiuries .'ire enq>loyed ; in u liiiji lii. uuk i> -iin]>ly tiMJ exelusively the tdicliinL; :i!id einnirsiiiii of iJi.. leailn'ii That eountry is Biitisb India in whieli, as wt-H as m i .vl'tn and |lo!iie<», th<' prrt^TOHs of ( liristianity sceius to Iwar i eonstaut nioportion to tie- ninnlier >f iis t(»aehors. I'lie ;j-(M) I \v«hIs that has already been ai eonr,)liHhe(( in Tinnev.jlv niiiy, with (mmTs hrlp be cirriod on till the (Mitire distriet has Ix-eonie Christian ; and other proviuecs now lyinpj in outer heathen darkness may bi sharers in the li;^ht whiidi is Lrraduall\ overspreadin;^ TiniH'Vi'lIy, if only /eah:>us and devoted missionaries, — nuMi \vitij the lo\.' ..( Chiust in the'ii hearts, and ready to tollow tln-ir Master'.s steps, —can l)e sent and maintained in niuiib<,'rs ado<[uab' to the ii'-i-ds ot India. Why then can they not be sent i Simply for tin; laek ol the u<el among them. Tens of thousands, too, of our own poor countrymen in every I'.ntish colony — in Canada, New llrunswick, Newfoundland, in Au.stralia, and Southern Africa, arc? deprived ol the ministiations of T< ligion, because wo will not out of our riches commuiiifatc to thoir poverty, ajid so hel}) them to raise an income suHicient toi the moderate wants of luimble and laborious pa,stors, who would be content tritish dc[»endency for a whole century, yet still heathen ; ^'hina, containing nearly a third of the whole human race, and one entire <|uarter of the globe ; Africa — will, for an mdelinite 1 1 :u\H WORK IN TiiK <'(>r>o.\n:s. (XM'iod, i()ii,-, r>ui milt li has aln-adv Itrctt miotic ; Icl, llic siicccssr,^ nf ihr past v,\\v titiii'a-;(' l.o iikmM, ihc rccniircmnds of llic Inhnv. " W'c loolv Ioi'wmkI witli lu'po io ilic da\ w lien we sli;dl ^-cc iL < "liintlics (if India, AlVica, I'.riti.sli Anicric;!, Australia. N(\v /en. land, and the rest, snpplyin;;' llinr own ikmmIs, iindinj^ nii'in.^st. tlicir oN\ n iK'(.j)|(' tlicir t»\vn lasliops, laicst.s, and doacons, sriuinu their alVairs in tin ir mwh synods, snhjt'ct. to their own indioMoli tans, and honnd to tiie('hnieh (»!' th(^ niotJier (.'ountr\ ttnl\ li\ ihat hond of ;drei'lion an*l L^ratitndo wlneh will, we Itil .issunil, alwaN^ lo\'' lo assiL'ii to i he occnpant^ ot the iiietropoht.in sn u| ( 'antei hnt'V, till' aet'ial th(aiL';h not, t'ornial position of ihi I'ain airh ot I h( \\^'st.f} of' tin trJto/e irorlcL And this eauiiot bo done better than in the earriest tnd heart stirrinii words id' a tlor<:vuiau of the, ■^ister (ImiivIi dl' America (the U'ew A. X. Littlejohn, D.D. IJec torof lldy Tiimly (1n reh, Ih'ooklyn, New York), in a sermon preached befoiv iImj Anie'ican Uoard ot Missions in 1S()2, Alter dwelling at soin«' hMigth upon the past history ot mis- sions, ho goes on to say : — '' Let us now turn to tlie special ^ Coloiiuti Clnirch Chmnkh, vol. j.k. p 331. PRESENT HTATE OF THE COLONIAL CIILRCH. :w.) '■ whole ('Imr, 1,^ 'ililif's, Clin ,,ii,.|- nilssiniis, successes u| ill,. ">r llic lulMiv. ^\■<' sli;ill (riili;i. Ni \^ /,.;). liiuliiiL; iiiiMiinst (h'.'K'ons, -^ct liiii" I' t»\\ l» lllrll'uMoll 1 M of ill! I'aiii • m)l>l('st pi'itinii IS of til. ( Iniivli • Miipiic. iiiiiii" r- thai ( 'liui'i h has |i!ig;iti«»ii I if lilt' iiioiiiciits dwell wliith iii.:v li( ilrr;Mlv m.ulc 111 It' t'ariiost :ni(l sU'v ('iiimli of of Holy Tj'iiiily icliod Ijcfoiv the histovy ot mis- to the s[ji;ruil 31 oncourac^oinontR of tlio iniHsionary work urisiii;^r from tlir present proviihsntial iispocts of the world. I will leave out of vicrw this continont (Aiiiorica), with its sad hut temporary liindiaiiceH to GospeA lahours ; also iMirope, with its several r<\Molute and ini prcssive niovcnionts towards a more tliorouf^h s(df-eviinf^'elization, atloidiiifc, as thoy do, rieh prondse, of an auspicious future for re- foriiiod Christianity in Kranee and Italy ; and ^^o at once tore^dons of {he earth which for agiis havi; hoen dominated hy false? relii^^'ons. In almost every quarter of tliat vast outlyin^^ eni])ire (jf daikiiess, the. heacondights of a new era are plairdy visihh? ; some kindhnl by the collisions of antagonistic civilizaticms, some hy secret causes which we may not ycjt comprehend, and some hy tlic ilircf t march of Christian conquest n))on the strtjugholds of heathenism. "Tak(^, Hrst,all that vast area of the glohe hM })y NfohammiMlan power, and closely ahutting u]>on the boundaries of Christendom, hy a formal decree of ilw Sultan, religious freedom has heeii proclaimed throughout the Turkish (!m])ire. However evaded, or resisted, or defied hy the alarnHul zcndots of the Koran, that decree marks an immense advance in at least the opportunities of Christianity. Liberty to the Mussulman to buy, read, and circulate the Word of God ; liberty to adopt and disseminate new views of the life and destiny of man ; liberty, under w hat- ever restrictions, to join organized feUowships of Christians : this, however qualilied and obstructed, cannot fail to penetrate, rend, aiid ultimately sweep away, the fatalistic and defiant bigotry of thai arrogant and stupendous imposture; which, for more than twt.'lve centuries, has held in its grasp one of tlie larg(*st and fairest portions of the earth. As has been truly said by a careful observer of eastern missions, * AVith Constantinople, the northern gate of Islam, already open to the Cross, JVIecca, the southern gate, cannot long remain closed.' B B -" ■tii'Ui'Ti»<^^ r " -^-^ -' ■ liiiili'liMh I, f- 370 WORK IN THE COLONIES. i I •■1 r ..'*, ■1- " Look now to Afiica, and behold here and tliere the scat- tered ray.-^ which pledge the coming day. The bands wiiicli have lield thai vast continent are beginning to dissolve ; tlie spirit of life stirs and pulsates in the thick darkness. On all sides, the barriei's to our advance are giving way. E^Tpt, through her ruler, invites the heralds of the Faith to enter in, plant, and reap. Abyssinia, still the home of an erring and benighted, but hardly more un-Scriptural Church than those of the Tridentine communion, has thrown herself open to us l)y the sea, and no longer violently resists all efforts at Christian en- lightenment and reform. A way, moreover, has at length been discovered and explored over which the Church may travel with her divine treasures to the heart of the continent. TL*^ An- glican University Mission, under Bishop Mackenzie (now, alas ! no more), ascending from the English possessions, has penetratt-l to the outer limit of what is known as Southern Africa ; while the western coast is dotted with stations of various grades of efficiency, from the river Senegal to the Cape of Good Hope; and the north has been thrown open by the French occu])ati<:in of Algiers. So that the day has at last come which assures an early Christian future to what has been accounted the darkesi, most abandoned, and inaccessible portion of the globe. " Further to the east the prospect is still more hopeful and inspiring. Asia, the home of the first Adam, will soon wtdrome through all her borders the heralds of the second Adam. Cey- lon and India have already done so. Gleams of the coming sunrise have pierced into the home of the Affghan, illuniined the summits of the Himalayas, and fallen across the boundaries of Thibet ; Burmah no longer resists the advent of the mes- sengers of peace ; Siam is occupied; Christian powers hold the islands of the Indian Archipelago. The strifes and revolutions of China, whatever their immediate bearing, will ultmiately 'i-LJ I. I I. wmwumi PRESENT STATE OF THE COLONIAL CHUliCJL 371 there the soat- .e bands which J dissolve : the rkness. C)!! all 5 way. E-ypt, Faith to enter of an erring and ih than those nf pen to us l>y the at Christian en- ,3 at length been may travel with inent. The An- 3nzie (no^v, alas ! LS, has penotrated •n Africa ; while various grades of of Good Hope ; •ench occujjation ►vhich assures an ted the darkest, ) globe. lore hopeful and ill soon Wi'le.ome id Adam. Cey- of the coming fghan, illumined s the boundaries ent of the mes- powers hold the and revolutions will ultimately throw open a highway through the empire for the hosts of the Cross now lingering at the outposts; wliih'. the steaon the (^ar ! Who can doubt that God speaks to us, urges us, ble.^ses us, in the welcome addressed to the Cross from nearlv all nations of the earth 1 Who can doubt that it is our privilege to bdiold the ripening fruit of long centuries of preparation to rec^eive the Ixedeeming Christ, or that we stand on the verge of juovidential movements interior oidy to those which j)aved the way for His advent in the flesh 1 This trembling perplexity and conflict of the nations most under Gospel sway — this upheaving ol' the old petritactions of heathenism — this stretching forth of the arms toward the light by Asia and Africa, the original starting-points of the race in its pilgrimage of tears — this subordination to the work of the Cross of the higher energies and instruments of civHilization — these, with many other related symj'toms of the time, tell us of old prophecies struggling to be translated into the facts of history, of new fields of Christian activity to be opened, new developments and adjustments of Christian jtower to be accomplished. *' Brethren, is there any inspii'ation in the consciousness of sublime opportunities, and of resources adefiuate to meet them i 372 WOUK IN THE COLOXIEB. H 1 1: I I I, Is there anything to vStir us in the begun realization of the anfi(nn hymn of jubilee — 'Lift up your heads, <> ye gates, and ho ye lift up, ye everlasting doors : and the King of Glory shall cuino in 1 ' Is there anything in the results which have engaged our att(3ntion to attest the validity of the (.'hurch's coiumission to go forth and gather into one fold, and under one Shepherd, thi^ scattered races of the earth ? Are we bound by the law of justice, as well as charity, to communicate the gift as we have receiverl it 1 Have we any sense of wliere God has placed us, what Ih; has given us, what He means us to do ? Then by all tlitjie motives, let lis, with a faith purged of the shadows of the hour, and a resolve only more firmly poised because of the tumults and I)ortents of the world, gird ourselves anew for the missionavv work in every form, and in all lands j praying God, meanwliilo, to hasten the day when, through the labours and sacrifices of His people, the righteousness of Christ shall go forth as bright- ness, and IHs salvation as a lamp that burnetii." Could all be induced to co-operate in this [^veat Christian en- terprise, results denied to languid and isolated efforts might without presumption be anticipated by a watchful and uiiit-'d Church. If the prayers and the alms of all God's faithful people go up continually as a memorial before Him, if all -who love their Lord will singly and jointly si^ek to honour His Name at home, and publish it abroad, then may wo Avith cunfi- dence look for the fulfilment of His promise- — then may we indeed hope that the day is not far distant when the earth Khali be full of the hioivledge of the Lord, as the tvatei^s cover tht mi, ':,^ iim^m0^'i!0i0tjfmMmiymt< > mKmmmumtir r irw -^ tion of the aiifioni gates, and he y^ Glory sliall ('umo have engag(Ml our coinmissioii to co )iie Shepherd, tht' the law of jiistioo, we have receive'! laced US, wliat Hi' Llien by all these dows of the hour, )f the tuniiiltvS and or the missionary \ God, meanwJiile, . and sacritiees of ;o forth as ])riglit- reat Christian en- ,ed efforts iiiiglit chful and uiiili'd il God's faithful Him, if all "vvho : to honour His ay we with confi- —then may we n the earth ."hnll s cover the i^i-a. I N ]:> E X. Add aide . . AtVici .... Amv'iit'a, North . South . United State Auti^'na . . . Ascension Island Asia Australia . . . l^ahaniiis l^ai'bailos Boinliay Bonu^o Brisbane Calcutta , . . Canada CantHrlnuy Colony Capt^town . Central Africa . Ceylou .... China .... Christthurch . . Colomho . . Columbia . . Constiintinople . Contniental Chaplaincies Deluitzen College . . Emigrants' Aid Fund . 11 276 123 28 , 152 23 110 1,02 197 250 98 104 217 232 267 197 39 314 123 157 223 241 314 223 84 348 353 343 356 Falkland Islands Fredt-ri' ton Gibraltar . (loulbourii (Ji'afton (»raham.st()wn (Juiana. Honobilu . Huron . India . . Ionian Lslanonrne Mont roul PAGE 152 71 313 259 263 131 115 337 55 197 346 91 351 134 9G 69 232 205 195 209 345 1 sn 327 269 52 i i»t.iii,i rr:t.u 1 "« -I ■ -luil W S^mi i III »'- ^ -^fl I f 374 Nassau Natal . . . Nelson . New Brunswick Newcastle . . Newfonmlland New Zealand Ni^er . Norfolk Island Nova Scotia . Ontario v . Orange River Otago . . . Perth . . . Pi^ ^airu . . Pongas . . . INDEX. I'AOE . 139 . 321 71 . 261 . 302 . 180 . 294 , 28 . 59 . 163 . 310 . 285 . 296 106, 172 Quebec 39 PaOS Rupert's liand . . . 78 Sandwich Islands . . %\\-i Seychelles . . . . llcj SiejTa Leone . . . . Wi St. Augustine's College 3r.7 St. Helena . . . If.O Sydney •2r)0 Tasmania .... '29u Toronto .... 4f) Tristan d'Acuuha . 154 Vancouver's Island , 84 Van Dieniou's Land 29' 1 Vaiidois .... 34:3 Victoria .... 24] Waiapvi 32'; Weill ington . . 318 West Indies , . 91 Westminster . . . 365 THE END. R. CLAV, SON, AJ.D TAYLOR, PRINTERS, LONDON. f ^\*. ■■■ ' ■^mym^m mmmKllltim ORIGINAL JUVENILE LIBRARY. A CATALOGUE OF NEW AND POPULAR WORKS. PRINCIPALLY FOR THE YOUNG. ^^tl?^ •^uce-i to Newbei7 PUBLISHED BY GRIFFITH AND FARRAN, (SL'CCESSOBS TO NEWBERY AND HARRIS), COHNER OF ST. PAUL'S CHURCIiyARD, LONDON. WKirmKlMMJ AND CO., CIRCUS PLACE, F1N8BUBY C'lUCUS. f ?»' f\ t \ STANESBY'S ILLUMINATED GIFT BOOKS. Every pngc richly printed in G(jM niul Colours. Tlic Floral Gift. SmiiU 4to, price 14.v. vWA\ clck. Every ptt'/c has a honlor pritited in (^ild ai, Colours, in wliich our tu\\ is wfiril ol" til • illustrations, tlio biiidinjf is xorgeoiis, yet in Kood taste."— 0'f'w/A'//«/?('.v M'ig(i:i>ie. Aphorisms of the Wise and Good. With ft Photoj^raphic I'ortrait of Milton; intended as ft coni|!;inio! volume to'* Shakespeare's irouseliold Words." Price 9s. cloth, elej^an: 14i. Turkey morocco antique. *' A perfect' gein in Linding, illustrutlon, and literary excellence." — 7)iilly Xev:s. Shakespeare's Household AVords; With a Photnp^raphie Portrait taken from the jNIonunient at Stfatfuid- on-Avon. I'riee 9.v. elotli elegant; 14,9. morocco antique. " An oxquisite little gem, fit to be the Christmas oflCoring to Titania or Queen Mab."— The Critic. The Wisdom of Soh3inon ; From the Book of Proverbs. With a Photou'raphic Fronti.'^piore, representing the Qneen of Sheha's visit to Solomon. Small 4to, price I4s. cloth elegant; 18.v. calf; 2\s. morocco antique. " The bonders are of surprising richness and variety, and the colours beaiitifnily hlendi'd."-- Muruma- Past. The Bridal Souvenir; Containing: the Choicest Thonghts of the Best Anthors, in Prose iind Verse. New Edition, with a Portrait of the Princess lioval, Elc- gantly bound in white and gold, price 21s. "A splendid specimen of decorative art, and well suited for a bridal gift."— /-/'/(?/(»' w Ga~eit\ The Birtli-Day Souvenir; A ]5ook of Thoughts on Life and Immortality, from Eminent Writers Small 4to. price 125. 6^/. illuminated cloth; 18a'. morocco anticpte. '• The illuminations are admirably designed."'— 6't;nlor jiiiiited in (uild and ioU'd. Tlio tfxt is woriliv -(.umih'inau's Muguzine. 'iidcd as ft cnmiuinio!! .*ricc 9.V. cloth, cleganr. loe." — DulUj yev:s. Jomniicnt at Stratford- D autujuc. Titania or Queen Mab. "- U'rapliic FroiitispioiX'. tSolomon. Small 4tu, antique. (1 the colours l)eautifiillv Authors, in Prose iin*l rriucess ]\oval, Ek- a bridal gift."— ZwY morocco anti(iiu'. r 12s. cloth cleiraiiti iful favourite."- ///fM^-rt/f'J XEW AND POPUJ;AII WOKKS. THOMAS HOOD'S DAUGHTER. i'osspatclu the Cricket, jiiul the Counterpane ; A ratchv/ork ofvStory and Son;;, by Fii.iXCi;'* Fiii:i;r.iN(} Muodkrip. Illn.strated by her brother Tikkmas Hood. Siij)er loyal ICnio. i)vieo 3«. 6^/. clut^s -l.v. Ci/. coloured, j^ilt ed^'cs. Merry Songs lor Little Voices ; The words by ■Mrs. l'>KO]>i;i{ir; set to music by Thomas MiRnr, author of "The :\Iu,sieal Student's ^ranual,■' " The Golden Wreath," etc.; with 40 illustrations by Tiio.mas IIoud. Feap. 4to., price 5s. cloth. THE hONBLE. MISG BETHELL. Echoes of an ()hl ] >ell ; And other Tabs of Fairy Lore, by the Ilonble. Aigcsta Bi:TiiKLr-. Illustrations by F. W, Jvkyl. Super royal lOmo., jiriec 0,v. 6(/. cloth, As. (].(. coloured, gilt edges. Fun and Earnest ; Or. Fvhymes with Keason. by D'Aucv W. Tjiompson, author of "Nursery Nonsense; or, Jihymes without lioason." lUustruted by CiiAULKS Uknnett. Imperial IGmo., price 3s. cloth, 4s. Gr/. coloured. Cloth, Elefrant gilt edges, CAPTAIN WIARRYAT'S DAUGHTER, A Week by Themselves ; By Ejiilia jNIarhyat Noiinis, with illustrations by Catifartne A. Edwards. Super royal IGmo., price "is-. ChI. cloth, 3.s\ ihl. coloured, gilt edges, LADY LUSHINCTON. Hacco the Dwarf; Or, The Tower on the ISfountain ; and other Talcs, by Lady Lusii- INGTOX, author of " '1 he Happy Home." Illustrated by G. J. Pinwell. Super royal ICmo,, price 3s. Gc/. cloth, 4s. 6(/, coloured, gilt edges. The Primrose Pilo-riniao^e. A Woodland Story, l)y M. Betiiam Edwaki^s, author of " Little Bird Blue," "Holidays among the Mountains," etc., with illustrations by T. 11. Macquoid. Imperial IGmo., price 2s. Gc/. cloth, 3s. Gc/. coloured, gilt edges. The Happy Holidays; Or, Brothers and Sisters at Home, by Emma Davfni'ORT, author of "Our Birthdays," "Live Toys," etc. Frontispiece by F. Gilbert. Fcap. 8vo., price 2s. 6c/. cloth, 3s. gilt edges. 1 I I f r; 1 : s I i NEW AND INTERESTING WORK* Pictui'os of Girl Life. By Catiiauinh Aitii'sxA TIo'svki.l, nuilior of '• Pfl;:cs of CliiM Li!r."| Froiui.si»icco by F. Ei.lzl:. Fcap. 3vo., i)ii«.'() 3.*. cloth, -Is. Gf/. -il; edges. The Four Seasons. A Short Account of the Structure of riuiits, bcin^ Fotir Leoturo ■written for the Working'' Men's Institute, I'aris. Witli JUustration.s Imperial IGnio. IVice, '<.]s Gd. cloth. >s u rsery No 1 1 sei i se ; Or llliyuics without llcason, l)yT)'Aucv W. Thompson, \viih .sixty lllustrritions, by C II, Bknnktt. Seeoml edition. Im])erial ICiiin.. ])ri(e !2.v. Od. elotli; or 4,s'. i'xl. coloured, eh»tli elejj^nnt, <:ilt cdiies. " The luimit'st book we have sooa for an age, and quite as harmless as hearty."— /.>(.;'// lifricir. " NVliafover ^Iv. Hcnnett docs, has sonio touch in it of a true genius."— /.'.n/w/jdv. Spec tropin ; Or, Sur])risin;4- Spectral Illusion.«i, .sliowinp^ Ghosts everywhere nnd ol nny Colour. IJy J. II. Brown. Frurth edition. (Quarto. Trice, '2s. (jfl. I'anev boards. *' One of the hest scientific toy books we have seen." — Athciurum. "A clever hook. The illusions are founded on true scientific principles."— r/ir?//;w. I •' The story is excellently told, as might be expected from the peculiar powers of the narrator."— 6'a/«/.v. G(l. cloth, '\s. i;\h cd^'cs. " Most adftjirably suited as a gift to young KiHs."— /;/ *7/v// y[,,(/,cr'ii Mnf^axtno. Ilistoricul Tales of Lancastrian 'rimes. \\\ the Uev. H. T. Dunstkh, M.A., with ilhismitiijus by John Fkanklin. Fciip. 8vo.. price .Vv. chuh, o.v. Od. gilt cdj^os. "A vdluniL^ skilfully troatod."— tS'(f/^/'(/(/y lu'i'ieir, "Conveys a wood deal of inforuiation alxiut tiie tnanuers andcuitouis of Kiuland and Kniiice in the 15th Century."— (f'fM^/'t'm^^'/r.v Mai^'uziiw. Tiny Stories for Tiny Headers in Tin}' AVords. liy the autiior of " Tiip[»y," " Triuniphs of Stciini,'* &c., with Twelve Iluistrations, l)y IIauiu.son Wkiji. ISccoml edition. Super lloyal 16mo., i»rice 2a-. G. Quarto, price 2*. ■]J. ODJourcil iilutcs. " Full of fun ami of^jood iimoL'ont Iiiimour. 'riiclIliHtnitioiis arc oxoellcnt."— T"/!!,' CrUic, Secnes and Stories of tlie lihiiic. JJy I\I. Biair \M Kdwakd^, jiiilhor of " II'>li»lay,s iunon;^ t!ir ^foim- tiiiiis," etc. VVitlt IlInslr:itions In' F. W. Ki;yl. Super ii'-yul IGiUu. price ')s. (xl. clotli; 4.s'. (]»/. coloured, i^ilt eil;^'OS. •* Full of amusln;^ iiuidcuts, good stories, and srri;;htly pictures."— TAe Dial, Holidays Amonpr t]u» Mountains; Or, Scenes iiiiJ Stories of Wnles. TJy M. HKriiAM Pldwakd.s. Illii,^- trated by F. J. Skif^l. Super royal ItJuio.; price lU. Gd, cloth; 4.. Cxi, coloured, gilt edp's. Nursery Fun ; Or, the Little Folks' Picture Book. The Illustrations l.y C. II. Bennett. Quarto, price 2.s'. Gil tone is excellent, uud boys will tlerivc iVoiu It both pleasure and ])ro:U."—At/ieni'i'.in. Tiixli^h Seabrooke; Or, The Adventures of a Young Artist iu riedmont and Tuscany. Illustrated l>y I.)i;dlly. Frank and Andrea; Or Forest Life in the Island of Sardinia. Illustrated by Dudley. " The descriptions of Sardinian life and scenery are iidnm-dh\(i."~At/u')u(um. Paid Bliike ; Or, the Story of a Boy's Torils in the Islands of Corsica aiKl Monte Cristo. Illustrated 'ny II. ANiiLAV. '• This spirited and cnuraging story will loid our younj,' fritivds to a very iutlaiate acquaintance with tlie island of Corsica."— /^'•^ Jounwl. CAPTAIN MARRYAT'S DAUGHTER. Harry at Seliool ; By Emh.ia Makuyat. AVith Illustrations by Aiisoz.o.x, Sttp«v lloyal 16mo. i)ricc 'la. 6f/. cloth; 3.s'. Cd, coloured, gilt edges. "Let Papas and Mammas, making choice of Christmas Gift Books, ask for ihis." — .i^muxit^ I '{ ^ NEW AND INTERESTING WORKS THOMAS HOOD'S DAUGHTER. My Graiiclmotlier's Budget of Stories and Verses. By Fjiances Fueeling Broderip. Illustrate! by her brother, Thomas Hood. Trice 3s. 6t/. cloth; 4«. 6c/. coloured, gilt ecij^es. "Some of the most clnrming little Inventions that ever adorned the department ot Yitvviitavc. "—Illustraled Times. Tiny Tadpole; And other Tales. By Frances Freeling Broderip, dauj^htcr of ilic late Thomas Hootl. With Illustrations by her Brother. ISupcr- Koyal I611U). i)rice 36-. 6f/. cloth; 4.v. 6^7. coloured, gilt edges. " A remarkable book, by the brother and sister of a family in wliich genius and fun arc inherited."— -Saiu/'tiay Review. Funny Fables for Little Folks. By Frances Freeling Broderip. Illustrated by her Brother. 8uj3er Koyal 16nio. price 2.s. 6c/. cloth; 3*. 6f/. coloured, gilt edges. " Tlie Fables contain the happiest mingling of fun, fancy, humour, and instruction."— Art Journal. Jack Frost and Betty Snow; With other Tales U>r Wintry Nights and Rainy Days. Illustrated by 11. Weir. 2*. Qd. cloth; 3s. 6t/. coloured, gilt edges. " The dedication of tliese pretty tales, prove by whom they are written ; they are Iii.Ip- libly stamped with that natural and graceful method of amusing while instructing, which only persons of genius possess." — xirt Journal. WILLIAM DALTONS BOOKS FOR BOYS. \ With Illustrations; Fcap. 8vo. price 5s. each cloth; 5*. 6(/. gilt edges. Lost in Cevlon ; The Story of a Boy and Girl's Adventures in the Woods and Wilds of the Lion King of Kandy. Illustrated by Weir. "Clever, cxtitinir and full of true descriptions of the creatures and sights in that noble island."— Z,f/«m7'y GazMe. The White Elephant; Or the Hunters of Ava, and the King of the Golden Foot. Illustrated by Weir. '• Full of dash, nerve and spirit, and withal freshness."— Z.tftfrajy (jaxette. The War Tiger; Or, The Adventures and Wonderful Fortunes of the Young Sea-Chief and his Lad Chow. Illustrated by H. S. Melville. •' A tale of lively adventure vigorously told, and embo lying much curious information." Unstrated is'ews. ned the department of lich genius and fun urc [lys. Illustratctl l)v s. &d. gilt edges. Woods and WiKls and sights in that Foot. Illustrated lurious information." PUBLISHED BY GRIFFITH AND FARRAN. 9 LANDELLS' INSTRUCTIVE AND AMUSING WORKS. The Boy's own Toy Maker. A Practical Illustrated Gnitle to the useful employment of Loistire Hours. By K. Landells. With Two ilmidred Ciits. feixtli Edi- tion. Koyal IGmo, price 2.v. Gf/., clotli. " A iKMv and valtitil)lo form ofendlc s ai\\\isonKut."~Xii7irotitiir,iii.^f. " We reconirnend it to ail who luivo cluldron to be instructed niul ainusv .l.'"—.Eronomi.s(. The GirTs Own Toy Maker, And Book of Kccrcation. By E. and A. LANi>Kr.LS. Tliird Edition. With 200 Illustrations. Koyal IGnio. priee -Js. 6f/. cloth. " A perfect magazine of inlbrniation" — IHiO'dafed Setrs uf (he Wdrld. 1 1 01 lie Pastime; Or, The Cldld's Own Toy Maker. With practical instructions. By E. Landelt.s. New and Cheaper Edition, priee 3.9. ini, complete, with the Cards, and Descriptive Letterj)ress. *^* By this novel and in;;enions 'M'astimc," Twelve beautiful Models can lie made by Children from tht Cards, by attending to the riain and i^imple Instructions in the Book. "As a deliglUfuI exercise if iiijjoimity, a> d a ir.ost spiisilde mode of ^lassiiig h winter's cvcnintj, we commend the Child's ou n T(iy Maker." — iilnstraO'd }tive Letter-press and Diagrams for the construction of the ^Models. By E. JjAndki-ls. Price 2s. in a neat Envelope. " A most excellent mode of educating botli eye and hand in the knowledge of form." — English Churchman, Fairy Land; THE LATE THOMAS HOOD. Or, Kecreation for the Bisi ng ricncratlun, in Prose and Verse. By TitoMAS and Jani: Hc^od. Illustrated by T. Hood, Jnn. Super royal IGnio; price 3»\ 6ft cloth; 4.v. Gf/. coloured L;ilt edges. " These tales are cliarmiufr. licforc it goes into the Nursory, we rceomnieiid all j^rown u]) people should study ' fairy Land"— /)7uo/wr«o'<.' " The Headlong Career and Woful Ending of Preco- cious PIGGY. Written for his Children, by the late Thomas Iloon. AVith a Preface by his Daughter; and Illustrated by his !Son. Third Edition. Post4to, fancy boards, price 2*. 6r/., coloured. " The Illustrations are intensely humourous." — The Critic. r t 10 NEW AND INTERESTING WORKS BY THE AUTHOR OF " TRIUMPhS OF STEAM,*' ETC. Meadow Lea ; Or, the Gipsy Children; a Story founded on fiicfc. By tlie Autlior of " The Triumplis of Steam," " Our Eastern Empire," etc. With inu^tra- tions by John Gilbert. Fcap. 8vo. price 4*. 6^/. cloth; 56'. giic edges. The Triumphs of Steam; Or, Stories from the Lives of Watt, Ark\vri<:;ht, and Stephenson. With Illustrations l)y J. Gilbert. Dedicated by permission to Robert Stephenson, Esq., M.P. Second edition, lloyal IGmo, price 3s. G(/. cloth; 4.9. 6d clot! i 6(/. coloured, gilt edges. *' With the fortunes of Columbus, Cortes, and Pizarro, for the staple of these stories, the writer has succeeded in producing a very iutercsting volume." — Illustrated yews. Tuppy ; Or the Autobiography of a Donkey. By the Author of " The Trinnijilis of Steam," etc., etc. Illustrated by Harrison Weir. Super Royal 16mo. price 2s. 6d. cloth; 3*. 6^/. coloured, gilt edges. " A very intelligent donkey, worthy of the distinction conferred upon him by the artist." — Art Journal. _________ 1. The History of a Quartern Loaf. in Rliymes and Pictures. By William Newman. 12 Illustrations. Price 6d. plain, Is. coloured. 2s. (Jd. on linen, and bound in cloth. Uniform in size and price, 2. The History of a Cup of Tea. 3. The History of a Scuttle of Coals. 4. The History of a Lump of Sugar. 5. The History of a Bale of Cotton. 6. The History of a Golden Sovereign. *^* Nos. 1 to 3 and 4 to 6, may be had bound in Two Volumes. Cloth, price 2s. each, plain; 3.5. Gd. coloured. PUBLISHED BY GRIFFITH AND FARRAN. 11 Ipon him by the artist." Volumes. Cloth, Distant Homes; Or, the Graham Family in New Zealand, l^y ISIrs. 1. E. Aylmek. With Illu: trations by J. Jackson. Sui>er Uoyal iGmo. price os. (>(/. cloth; 4.V. 6t/. coloured, gilt edges. " r.iifjlish children will be delighted with the history of the Giuliani l-amily, nnd be enabled to form pleasant and truthful concLptions of the ' Distant Homes' inhabited by tlieir k'mdrcd."~^A( hcnaum. Neptune's Heroes : or The Sea Kings of England; from Hawkins to Franklin. By W. II. 1)avi:nim>ut Adai^is. Illustrated by Morgan. Feap. 8vo; price S*. cloth j 5d\t, read when they have once begun it." — Ai/iemcuin. of ilie Old School. llie communication of [Art Journal. . Third Edition. founiL Tlie tone of ihcn tlicy liave once PUBLISHED BY GRIFFITH AND FARRAN. 13 Old Nurse's Jjook of Rhymes, Jingles, and Ditties. Illustrated Ly C. H. Bennett. With Ninety Kn^i-uviti;,'s. Now Edition. Feap. 4to., price 3*'. 6e most pleased with the hook, the f^ooii-naturod m-aiidlatiu'r wlio ^^ivcs it, or the cliiibhy grandciiild who gets it, for a (Jhristn»as-l>ox."— A«?f.v and (i'u rii'.\. Home Amusements. A Choice Collection of Riddles, Charade?, Conundrums, Parlour Games, and Forfeits. By Peteu Pi;zzi,ewkll, Esq., of liobus Hall. New Edition, with Frontispiece by Piiiz. 16ino, 2s. Gt/. cloth. Clara Hope; Or, the Blade and" the Ear. By Miss Mii.ner. With Frontispiece by Birket Foster. Fcap. 8a^o. price G.s.Gf/. cloth; 4a'. Od. cloth elegant, o:ilt edges. "A beautiful narrative, showing how bad habits may be eradicated, and evil tempers subdued." — British Mot/ier'a Jotvrnal. Pau'es of Child Life; By Catharine Augusta IIoweli-, author of ''Pictures of School Life." With Three Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo , ])rice '6s. Gt/. clcth. Tlie Adventures and Experiences of lUddy Dork- ING and of the FAT FROG. Edited by .Mits. S. C. Hall. Blustrated by H. Weir. 2s. 6(7. cloth; 3s. 6f/. coloured, gilt edges. "Most amusingly and wittily told."— Morning Herald. Historical Acting Charades; Or, Amusements for Winter Evenings, by the author of " Cat and ])og," etc. New Edition. Fcap. 8vo., price 3s. Cul. cloth ; 4s. gilt edges. "A rare book for Christmas parties, and of practical value."— ///'^>^(/iVy/ News. The Story of Jack and the Giants: With thirty-five Hlustrations by Richakd J)otle. Beautifully printed. New and 'Cheaper Edition. Fcap. 4to. i»rice 2s. G(/. eloth; 3s. Gd. coloured, extra cloth, gilt edges. " In Doyle's drawings we have wondei-ful conceptions, which will secure the hook n place amonffst the treasures of collectors, as well as excite the imaginations of children.' —llliixtnttcu Times. ■■.^^-- ..t^l .■^.. i^ 14 NEW AND INTERESTING WORKS Granny^s Wonderful Chair; And its Talcs of Fairy Times. By Frances Biiowne. Illustrations by Kenny Mkadows. 3*. 6d. cloth, 4*, Qd. coloured, "One of the liappiest blemlings of marvel and morul wo havo ever socn." — Lilemry Gazetk. m The Early Dawn ; Or, Stories to Think about. Illustrated by II. Weiti, etc. Smul! 4to. ; price 2*. 6d. cloth; 3s. 6c/. coloured, gilt edges. " The matter is both wholesome and instructive, an J must fascinate as well as benefit the young."'— Lilerarium . Angelo ; Or, the Pine Forest among the Alps. By Oeraldine E. JEwsniruv, author of " The Adopted Child," etc. With Illustrations by John AiiSOLON. Small 4to; price 2.v. Gd. cloth; 3s. fjj. coloured, gilt edges. " As pretty a child's story as one might look for on a winter's day." — Examine)'. Tales of Mao'ic and Meaninix. Written and Illustrated by Alfred Cuoavquill. Small 4to.; price 3s. 6d. cloth; 4s. 6(/. coloured. " Cleverly written, abounding in frolic and pathos, and inculcates 30 pure a monal, that we must pronounce him a very fortunate little fellow, who catches these ' Talcs ot Magic,' as a windfall from ' Tlie Ciirisimas Tree'." — xit/ienceum. Faggots for the Fire Side ; Or, Talcs of Fact and Fancy. By Peter Pauley. With Twelve Tinted Illustrations. New Edition. Foolscap 8vo. ; 3s. G(/., cloth; 4s. 6d. coloured, gilt edges. " A new book by Peter Parley is a pleasant greeting for all boys and girls, wherever llie Enjjlish language is spoken and read. He has a happy method of conveying information, while seeming to address himself to the imagination." — T/u' Critic. Letters from Sarawak, Addressed to a Child; embracing an Account of the Manners, Cus- toms, and Religion of the Inhabitants of Borneo, uith Incidents of ' Missionary Life among the Natives. By INIrs. M'Dol'GAll. Fouiili Thousand, with Illustrations. 3s. Gd. cloth. All is nev.', interesting, and admirably told."— C/t«rc/i and Slate Gazette. \. WNE. Illustrations U I ever stcn." — Literary ^Veir, etc. Small ges. [vte as well as benefit ►iNE E. Jewsuurv, iistrations by John olourcd, gilt edges. " — Examinci'. Small 4 to.; price \ so pure a moral, that lese ' Talcs ot Jlagic,' \. Wit!) Twelve ).; 3s. G(/., cloth; jkI twirls, whcrevei- llio luvt'ying infonnatioii, le IManners, Cas- Ivith Incidents of | louGALL. Fourtli j late Gazette. The Discontented Children ; And How tl'cy v.ere Cined. Wy ^[ARY and Ei.iz.vnKTii Kinnv. Illustrated by 1*1. K. IJuowne (Phiz.). Second edition, i)ricc '2s. 6*nv i I '' The Remarkable History of the House that riaek Built. Spleiulidlj Illustrated iind niaj^nificciitly Illuminated by Tm; Son OF A Genius. VncQ. 2s. in fancij cover. '• Magnificent in suggestion, and most comical in expression ! "—Jl/wiifeuin. A Peep at the Pixies; Or, Lcjj:cnds of tlic West. By ^frs. Bkay. 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I^y Grandfatuku (ihi:v With Illiistrniions. Tliii-.i anil Cliciipcr Kditiou. lioval lOiuo., 'J*. Gtratir.iis are well fxeoiitod ; and the moral, which points tiie tale, i-* conveyed n\ the iiiosi altraetive tonn." — Bi ii\tmiiv H. K. liiiOWNt: (riiiz). 'Is. Or/., cloth; 3.v. Or/, colotired, gilt etlges. "Evidently written by one who has brought great powers to bear upon a small matter." — Moniiiiif Uenitd. Tales fi'om Catland ; Dedicated to the Yonng Kittens of En;.;land. I'y an Old TAnnv. Illustrated by H. Wi:iii. Fourth Edition. Stnall 4Lo, 2.v. G(/. juaiii; 3s. G(/. coloured, <;ilt edges. '*The combination of quiet humour and sound sense has made this oneof thepleaiantest little books of the season." — Lai/j's Newnpapcr. Blind Man's Holiday; Or Short Tales for the Nnrserv. By the Autlior of " Mia and Ch..rlie," " Sidney Grey," etc. Illustrated hy John Ahsolon. Super lloyal ICnio. price 3s. 6(1. cloth; 4.9. 6f/. coloured, iriU edges. 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The attention of all interested in the subject of lidiication i» invited to tliese Works, now in extensive use throuj^hout the Kingdom, prej)arc'l \<} Mr. Oeorge DariicH, a Schoolmaster of many years' experience. 1. COPY BOOKS.— A 8H0UT and ckrtain iioad to a Good IIwd- "WuiTiNG, irraduuUy adviincing from the Simplj Stroke to a supc: i )r Small-hand. Large Post, Sixteen Numbers, 6d. each. Foolscap, Twcuty Numl)ers. to which are added Three Sup])lcmo)it;irv Numbers of Angular Writing for Ladies, and One of Ornamental Haiul- Price 3d. each. •^t* This sei'iei. may also be liad on very ■jupcrior paper, marble covers, 4d. eacli. *' For teachini; writiticr I would recommend the use of Danu-ll's Copy Hooks. I tui^ noticeil a marked improvt'ment wherever they have been used." — Report ■/ Mr. V//; {Natiunn I Society' n Oigciiiizer of Schools) to Uie Worcester Dioctxan lioura of Educalio.i . 2. GRAMMAR, made intelligible to Children, price Is. cioth. 3. ARITHMLTIC, made intelligible to Children, price Is. 6d. doth, *#* Key to Parts 2 and 3, price Is. cloth. 4. HEADING, a Short and Certain Road to, price 6d. cloth. GRIFFITH AND FARRAN, CORNER OF ST. PAUl's CHURCHYARD MiKTULlMEU AND CO., ClI^Cl S PLACE, FINSBl i:V CII.CCS. ARRAN. OKS, ED PLATES, [iihbard. I Frolic. win aiul her Pig. toots. IVip's Museum of niii'.s. Tart II. 11(1 Comitanion to ji.i Jvules (with ]*ai' ;i: ay, ill a short time. ]■• icral Kk'iuenlary I'ar;- thc gramrnatical (o"- (>ur ordinary Autlidv-, L. Price l.v. cloth. WORKS. education i^ invite. 1 (u Kingdom, prepared I'V experience. ) TO A Goon Ham)- lo Stroke to a biipc: i^r Three Siipi>lemciitiuv of Ornamental Ilaiulj. narble covers, 4d. each. rnell's Copy Hooks. I hav' \sei\ "—lienort •( Mr- M