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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. ^ "^ : : \ 2 3 ■• ■ ♦ 5 6 I--- ^m n • • % » t \ v-*^. • • <» i THE HISTORY of THB LATE WAR, % ^ # ' BETWEBN THfJ ■ UNITED STATES AND GREAT BRITAIN, •CONIHININO A BRIEF RECAPITULATION OF THE EVENTS WHICH LED TO THE DECLARATION OF WAR. ,T« PROGRESS, AND AN ACCOUNT OF THE VARIOUS BR1I.1'IA''T / LAND AND NAVAL VICTORIES, ISCLUDlSG THE BATTLE yF NEW-ORLEANS. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BV A. & E. PICKET, BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS. 18.31. - I %# -:*m: '/ "* ' / PBEFACE. Thk events of the lato war have already ex- ercised the pens of numerous writers, and cer- Sy there could not be a more fruitful subject The author has attempted a concise narrative of the principal occurrences, freed from volummous and unnecessary naval and military details. The greater part of the works already published, are Tn too expensive a shape and bulk for general circulation, or for the use of school.. It is not every petty skirmish, or the unintelligible details of naval afiairs, which is suited to the youthfal \ -^ mind: it is only from those important actions y which shed honor on our country, that instruction can he derived. What volume so favorable to the formation pf the youthful mind, as that which asserts tlio I _ IV PRRFACE. dignity of ov.r country, wliich records the glorious actions of our countrymen, and which proves that our national character lias risen under the influence of our political institutions? The au- thor has therefore thrown in the back ground, the minor events of the late glorious war, in order to place in a more conspicuous point of view, those of a more important character. Our sol- diers and sailors have done their duty, it remains for their children to value it as becomes the pos- terity of freemen, and to emulate the deeds of their fathers. ^ . , , , IBPAOE. wliich records the glorious ymen, and which proves acter lias risen under the cal institutions? The aii- own in the back ground, late glorious war, in order onspicuous point of view, tant character. Our sol- ilone their duty, it remains lue it as becomes the pos- to emulate the deeds of Camrt of the var Ufith Englandr-Ordert in Council— Impressment— Indian IIostihtieB. The United States assumed a rank among the nations of the world, in one of the most stormy periods of its history. All Europe was convul- Lod with the eflects of the French revolution. The mighty warrior which it called into political life, seemed to move as the genius of the tempest One of his ruling maxims was never to tolerate a neutral; all therefore within the reach of his arm were either allies, vassals, or foes. liUgland, whose erroneous policy had in the first instance given rise to this energy, chose to adopt the same maxim. She moreover appealed to tho world as the defender of the liberties and rights of nations, and plainly denounced as traitors, those who declined a participation m her quar- ' Fortunately for this country, the waves of the Atlantic telle, -etween it and the fiiry of the European bellig^ ants. However desirous they A3 • HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. might be of engaging us in their mad contest, it could only bo through insidious arts, by whicli the inexperienced are entrapped, or by repeated provocations. For twenty-five years, these de- signs wero resisted with unshaken firmness. The advice of Washington, to keep aloof from the dangerous contest, was strictly observed. The nation was repeatedly exasperated beyond en, durance, but the government opposed itself to the imprudent effects of wounded feeling. It ap- peared to be a contest between France and Eng- land which could injure us most, and on our part how long wo could forl)ear. But there is a point at which this forbearance must become not only imprudent, but unjust. The pains we had taken to keep aloof from the European wars, at last came to be taken for pusillanimity, or at least for a want of energy in the structure of the govern- ment. It became fashionable to represent us as a mean and sordid race, incapable of any gene, rous feeling, and exclusively devoted to self-in- terest, whom no insult no injury, could provoke to strike. The practices at first resorted to for the pur- pose of engaging us to share their battles, were now converted into ordinary means of supplying THE LATE WAR. us in their mad contest, it insidious arts, by whicii entrapped, or by repeated enty.five years, these de- ll unshaken firmness. The , to keep aloof from the 9 strictly observed. The exasperated beyond en^ imment opposed itself to * wounded feeling. It ap- bctweon France and Eng- I us most, and on our part ear. But there is a point ce must become not only The pains we had taken European wars, at last sillanimity, or at least for structure of the govern- onable to represent us as ;, incapable of any gone- sively devoted to eelf-in- no injury, could provoke t resorted to for the pur- share their battles, were lary means of supplying i 1I18T0UY OF THE LATE WAR. ' their coftera, or recruiting their BtrcngtlK IWe confiscated and plunderd our sh.pH, Spain and some of the potty states followed the exan.ple, an hou«h our iLific policy had rendered uh lawful pey to all nationH. England «eemed to thjnk 5 af she hud a right to transfer our «eamen o her lervico at her pleasure. Thus «U«a ted, it be- Tame no longer I matter of choice of the opemy, or whether to content with both. F om Britain we had experienced great provo- cation. This haughty power seemed to harbo aTslike to us for having so bravely declared and ^na intained our independence. Her conduct to- Z ds us was uniformly disrespectful and con. r«!!nt.,o«8 She had called us rebels, she st.U r„ de S us Lsuccessfiil rebel, whose dest.- tut"on of principle must end, and cause us o faU together by the ears and thus make room for SleiXneAovereign. Little did she now of the real spirit of American liberty. Ihe set tl ng down of this mighty republic into that sober ordfr and beautiful symmetry which at present it possesses, appeared to her a state ^f ""^^J/^^y- . The treaty of 1783, was shamelully slighted, although at peace, she smote us with a concealed hand?! instigated a dreadful Indian war, m t.>^»r';»ip ir pitM ur I niSTORV OF THE LATE WAR «'l.ioh thousands of Am..ri...n n,i.on« M-«re bar- pen ,|o of the Wo^lern country .n„ tbrg.t tho de- ftm o, Manner and Sinclair, or tl,e ™acre, of 1.0 nont.or Hottlcr.. If.hcro cxi.tod nnvpor- HTuIar dc..,ro for war on .l.o p„rt of ,1,„ Union, thu ,8 suroly cmoukI. to nrconnt for it. Wi.en tho Indinn hostilities were at ia.t ha,,pily terminated by the I.rav,..ry ,uul prudence of (General Wnvne and a treaty of poaco in lTfl4, concluded MitI England, U wa« thought that wo might at lust in- du^e tho fust w..h of our hearts, and live at poace: but we .verc greatly mistaken. OurLrrow- .ng pro.penty could not be seen by her without 2 rade fell .nto our hand« and greatly enriched on.- merchant.. Britain resolved to put a stop to this by renewmg what is culled tho rule of '36 cstnDhshed by her at that period, in order to em barrass he French commerce. It w.s founded ostensibly, upon the idea that neutr^l« ought not to alleviate the sufferings of war to a belliierant by Jieepmg up an intercourse between its diffel rent ports or colonies; but it was in reality, the result of a flagrant usurpation of the sovereignty ^ th« seas. It was followed up by orders of -"*■ I I Ji^liWJP* »f i Pi,iH » THE LATE WAR. iK'rii-nn citizonn M'«re bnr- l will be 1,,,,^ before the ••oiintry cnn Jbrg.-t tho de- ^inclair, or the nmssacren irili(>ro.>xi^itod any par- 'n tlio pnrt of f|,o Union, account for it. When tho of la.Nt Imppily terminated Icnco of (iuneral Wnyne, n lTfl4, concluded witli ■ tlmt wo might at last in- ' our hearts, and live at tly mistaken, Ourgrow- t bo seen by her witijouf • with France, the cany- nd8 and greatly enriched resolved to put a stop to s called tho nile of '36, t period, in order to em- »*erce. It wtis founded that neutr^l8 ought not ofwartoabelligeiant, 9urse between its diffo- ut it was in reality, the ition of the sovereignty owed up by orders of HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. 9 council which rcatrictod the American commerce, anil exposed many of our ships to capture and condemnation. Hritain not satiHficd with thoHO violations of the sacred laws of nations, enta- bli«h«cd our fellow citizens, we :)n the land. Our situation erially different, we might but not so with England, n the ocean, she could still ice of our vicinity, from r companies of the North .tions in that quarter, were xcepting the nations which torial limits of tlic United 3 was liable to abuse, and abused; the poor deluded t upon by presents and art- cal to the Americans. An non ability had at this time icy over all the scattered , and on the waters of the fierce enemy of the whites at of the country, and was .'i HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. 15 one of the most noted warriors that had appear- ed The name of this savage was Tecumseh, who was aided by an artful Indian, a kmd of high-priest or juggler, called the Prophet, h.. brother. The one appealing to superstitious fears, the other commanding respect, excitmg awe, >Vere soon found to be useful tools in the hand* of the British. ^r -. a Hence, the prevailing wish through the United States of conquering Canada; not from any be. nefit or advantage, it might be to the human race. But could we possess Canada, war would be only known on the ocean and coast. In the autumn, 1811, serious differences arose between us and the Indians on the Wabash, and ostensible causes of which, was a purchase made by Governor Harrison, of a large tract of land in the Indiana territory, from the Indians. At a treaty near Vincennes, Tecumseh behaved in the most insolent manner, and openly threatened to dig up the tomahawk from under the tree of peace. The hostile deportment of the Indians soon after induced the Governor to call to his aid the 4th regiment of United States' infantry, under Col. Boyd, and a body of volunteer militia from Ken- tucky, besides a small body of militia from Indn «W««>" 16 HISTORY OF THR LATE WAR. ana. With these he proceeded up the Wahash with the intention of building a fort near the Pro- phet's town, near a branch of the Wabash called Tippecanoe, since become famous. On his ar- rival he was mot by the Prophet, Winimac, and some other chiefs, who professed to bo peaceably disposed, requested him to encamp for the day and promised to come the next morning and hold a council of peace. With this request the Gov- crnor complied, unsuspicious of their treachery. Towards morning, the Indians led on by Wimmac suddenly assailed the camp, having killed the ccntincls with arrows. They were received with great resolution but were not repulsed until after a bloody conflict of two hours, in which the Americans lost upwards of 180 in killed and wounded, among whom were many valuable of- ficers. . . Colonel Davies, one of the first men in Ken- tucky, or perhaps, in this country, was among th& slain. Col. Boyd and the 4th acquired much honor. The loss of the Indians was estimated at 150. These misguided people soon after sued for peace, which was granted. But through the instigation of the British, the Prophet and Te- eumseh soon after renewed liostilities, by murder- ^**»««w*«*('S«sstiSi»isfcseto>«eSBS^s^^ F, LATE WAR. cceded up the Wabash ing a fort near the Pro- h of the Wabash called le famous. On his ar- Prophet, Winimac, and •ofessed to be peaceably to encamp for the day 3 next morning and hold ;h this request the Gov- ;iou8 of their treachery, dians led on by Winimac amp, having killed the riiey were received with 3 not repulsed until after ,0 hours, in which the g of 180 in killed and were many valuable of- of the first men in Ken- i country, was among th& the 4th acquired much B Indians was estimated ed people soon after sued ranted. But through the sh, the Prophet and Ta- red hostilities, by murder- 1U9T0RY OF THE KATE WAIt. r ing several nimilios on fao fronUers The war which was about to break forth m tins quarter, poon after n.cged into more important events,- and which it iH the business of the present nar- rative to detail. ,,. „^ Declaration of War-State of the Country. The Twelfth Congress continued in session lone beyond the usual time of adjournment, m conscqu'ence of the crisis which was thought to be approaching. On the 5th of June, 1812, Pre- Bident Madison laid before Congress the corre- spondence of our Charge d' Affaires in London with the British government, which put an end to all hope of the repeal of the Orders in Coun- cil. Every attempt to arrange the matter of im- pressment bad also failed. In the opinion of the President, there appeared to be no possible mea- sure left for us to pursue, but a Declaration ot War. . ^ This being referred to the Committee of l-o- leign Relations, they drew up an able Report in which a full view was taken of all our causes ol B'2 18 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. complaint against (Jrcat Britain, and they con- curred fully in the opinion of the President, that nothing was left but an appeal to arms. After sitting several days with closed doors, the important appeal was announced on the 18th of June, and the next day war was formally pro- claimed. For thirty years our favored and happy coun- try had smiled beneath the blessings of peace and prosperity. With the exception indeed, of the distant Algerine war and the occasional hos- tilities on the remote frontier. It was our first national war since the declaration of inde{)en- dence, and with the nation from whom our Inde- pendence had been won. We considered tho appeal to arms inevitable; we confided to tho justice of our cause, and trusted to heaven for its issue. The means provided for carrying on a contest with one of the most powerful nations on tho globe were extremely slender. Our army did not exceed 5000 men, and those distributed over a surface of several thousand miles. A law had passed for the purpose of ctdarging it lo 25,000 men; but little or no progress had been nuide in enlistment. Our navy consisted of a few frigates E LATE WAR. Britain, and they con- I of the President, that jpeal to arms. ays with closed doors, announced on the 18th r war was formally pro- ivored and hnppy coun- the blessings of peace e exception indeed, of ind the occasional lios- iticr. It was our first declaration of indei)en- n from whom our Inde- 1. We considered the Ic; wo confided to the trusted to heaven for its >r carrying on a contest jwcrful nations on the ider. Our army did not liose distributed over a md miles. A law had r enlarging it to 25,000 ire(?s had been made in insisted of a few Irigates HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. 19 J n«, vf sscls of war, not more than thirty .„ number whue ,o„morcial towns thousand 8h.ps.i«rg fortified, although for :Z ;« re', onrd'erablepains had been takento Jnr^fv Tern We had no overflowing treasury to tnL the abundant means of creating the ne- crsa^ force and supplies; and the Amencan iA„,l been burthcned with no taxes. ^'J at m'n had laughed at the idea of our t war our confederation, which she called s;:=Sr:^ir;rXie^a"i;.r. ,? It Sef » the subjects of her continued jests; 'nh bifs of St ed bunting," as she called our ; •o':r flig, no^ resident ^fj^l^^l freedom, would soon disappear from the ocean But Providence has decreed, that the keenes r^^inttntsshalleverattendtheboastW ^'^'Sltrericans looked to Canada as the vd- nelbL part of Great Britain, ^^'f -r mtnn- sfc value this province might be to her, prido at rastwoul render it an object worth contendmg fof' To us, it could be only of advantage as the 90 HISTORY OF TIIF, LATE WAR. mnnnn of compelling her to a speedy i)cncc, nnd ijccurinj; our IVonticrs iiftaiiiHt tlic murderous la- diiiiiH. We were already at war with the iNortli West- ern Indians, wucli troops as we could spare had hccn ordered to tiie frontier, with the donhle view of putting; an end to those hostilities, and to bo in the hust situation I'or striking a hlow at Canada. It was well Known that there were no great prc-> pnrations on the side of tho l)ritiMh,*and it was natural to suppose, that hy a prompt and vigorous attack ou the unprotected i)rovinces, wc nlioidd be masters of the whole country from Niagara upwards. This would elTertually cut oft" all hopo of aid to the British from the Indians, and would enable us to concentrate our forces on Lake On- tario, by which nieans, with the aid of the regu- lar troojis in that ipiarter, and the militia of New York, IVmisylvania and Vermont, lJpi)er Canada woidd fall in the course of a few months, and ir, the spring we might successfully advance against Quebec. LATE WAR. I a upccdy ])C(icc, nm\ iiHt tlio nmrilcrouM In- witli tho North Wcst- •i \vc conUl HjMiro hnd , with the «loiiblcvlcw : hoHtilitics, nnd to bo liiif; a blow at Cniiadu. 10 were no great pro- Uritish/aiul it was 1 prompt and vigorous provinces, we shoukl :ouutiy from Niagara ctually cut oft" all hope he IndianK, and would ir forccH on Lake On- h the aid of the rcgu- and tlie niihtia of New crinont, lipp:or, wuh Hou.owhut detain- ed by an uiilorMonu ucciilcnt. T\w arrival of Hull wuh little more than in time to Nave Detroit, whid, the llritish wore on the point of attackinR. A few well directed B.ot, ron'ocllod then, to aban.lon the works which they had erected on tho opposite Bide of the river. Hull who harincii.nl part of his fuiv. «, cro>«cd ll.o river, and aller ii feeble ..(.poMlioM, took posnession ol t to be Milli. iuil to "b.oU .loun all opposition," tlnvatenint; dentruetion without mer- cy to all who bbould be foiuul fi;;btinn by lii.^ m.Io of an Indian, and olU rin« protection to ihc ii.ba- bitunts who would join hi:, standard. Ih.t this proclamation was followed up by no prompt and vigorous mcuHures against iIuj Urit.sli s'lnison, which at thi^ linio was i:i no ton.lition to resist a vigorous assault. Ilo contented himself with detarhint; Colonels Cass and M'Arthur, to take possession of ihw country alon^' the river Thaiue.'i, Imd l.)ilered awav his time in useless .lurnushos. A sharp skinni.«h took place a f.w da>s alter the landinfi, at the river Aiix Canara^ witli a party of the enemy stationed to fzuard the bridges which crossed the river on the road to Maiden. Iho cnemv was coiu[,elled to retire, with the loss ol cloven killed and wounded; but the passa-c np- pcared to be f-aiuod, with no other view tlmnbo- iuj.' immediately nbandored. Hull now eonehule.l thai Maiden could not be taken without heavy lulillery, and a regular Biege, \ 1 ^ HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. U„i,ed S.a.», -JS'"„VSd:„ .hov»t advantages wnicn „onfidcnce of his own troops, by his want ^^^ ^^^^ ^.^^^^^ ^ ' command. J^ aPP^^^ ^^^ i„ a subordmatc , superannuated, or tn^Y, „„ ,vis no iust criterion 1- BtaUonduringtherevolutonwasno^J_^.^^ ^^^^^^ \' "^ ""' ? B^w^ot- -n of talents was <5g General ^f*®^.^ . ^^^^ of adversary he had \ not long in knowing the ku^d ^^^^ i,,„,i,e •^ to deal with, and from bem superiority V^' hat he could not ;-«f ,^;if;^f ^eive hope of the American -^«J^^^^^^^^^^^ the incapacity of being able to take -^^^\f ^^s of regu- of the American, he threw ^^8 J ^^^f Te- lars and Indians "-f ^ ^^ f ^^ state of Ohio cumseh, on the ^oad between ^ American sup- and Detroit, so as to ^»t«^^;P'\„^ ^^^ attention LATE WAR. ,out making propara- prcceded the invasion. ts figuring away in the day was expected to n,T of Maiden, the vast le^cessarily follow, this e confidence of his own vision and incapacity for .at he had either become , merit in a subordinate ion was no just criterion r The British officer, « a man of talents, was kind of adversary he had 3in.T at first apprehensive and the great superiority began to conceive hope vantage of the incapacity ,rew light parties of regu- the celebrated chief Te- ,etween the state of Ohio itercept the American sup- ,elledto turn his attention nmunication, while the pre- of Maiden, advanced at a not uutiltheUt of August, HISTORY OF THK LATE WAR. 25 that two twentv-four pounders and three how.U zcrs were mounted and even then he appeared at a loss what to do with them. Dangers and d.lh- .ullics appeared every moment to thicken around hi.n- on the 2:3.1 of July, he received intclhgencc that Michilimakinac, had surrendered to the British. Lieutenant Hanks, who commanded this important fortress, was suddenly encompass- ed by a body of the enemy, and a great number of the Indians, which to him was the first intima- tion of hostilities. As it was in vain to contend against so great a superiority of force he was compelled to capitulate. There bemg nothing now to keep the Indians in check, and the men in the service of the North Western Fur Company bemg collected, a considerable reinforcement might be expected bv the British General. Hull alarmed at this danger of his situation which was greatly augmented by his fears, dispatched a messenger for assistance to tlic Governoi- of Ohio, and to Gen. Hull, commanding at Niagara. The aston- ishment excited bv this news was universal; Uio morning which had been so fair in hope, was thus suddenly obscured with lowering darkness. To a man of mental resource, the situation ^va« not yet desperate ^ The force of Hull was 26 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. vastly superior to that of the British; his heavy cannon ias at last prepared and mounted on flontln. butteries, and t!,e Amer.can omcer« and Soulier^ uulul,cc. an expectation, o. soon a^^emp - ine something, to merit the applause oi tlu^ir country. The day ^vaB actually fixed tor the me- ratelattack, hut to the --P-sdjle astomsh- ment, and universal indi^nat.on « the IraNe An^ loans, orders were given hy tins wretched ^orinde , to abandon the UritiBh sule and re- treatto Detroit. At once every hope o renown was dlhed from them, .md they had be ore the.r Tyes, the hateful prospect of bccommg the .com of tl eir country, and ,he ridicule of Us ene.mes The British general was, at the san.e tune, tully co'uirmed in h.« opinion which he had tonned of rlencan <-ommander. Hull, in Ins disgrace- ful ret reat, abandoned to the mercy ol the Bnt.sh (he lelud d inhabitants who had conlKled m lu, vented any further co-operation on the part of the cS^aianlwUo otherwise might have been m- dueed to ioin the United States to assert the.r 'tLt^b^fbre this, a party had reached t^^^ • river Raisin, with additional supplh^s for tue Amo- ATE WAR. British; his heavy A and mounted on ineritan officers and ion, of soon attcmpt- e iijiplause of their fUly fixed for the me- jxpressible astonish- uition of the hrave vcu by this wretched British side, and re- very hope of renown they had before their ,f becoming the scorn idicule of its enemies. It tlic same time, fully }iich he had formed of Hull, in his disgrace- te mercy of the British ho hod confuled in his o;i, and elfectively pre- ation on the part of the i might have been in- l States to assert their party had reached the lal suppli'fl for t'»«^ ^^'"''" tw^^ y^^^ ^i-- s-STKf-fr'^;?^" HISTORY OP THE I.ATE WAR. a7 ricancamp, under captain Bush; but in conse- quence of the road being infested by Indians, were obliged to halt, and wait until escorted by a sufficient force. A detachment of 1 50 men were despatched nn.lcr Major Vaiihoru, who was at-^ tacked near Brownstown, by a superior lorcc ot the enemv, and allor a severe contest, were obli- ged to vetront with ti.e loss of 10 killed and wound- ed; of the former. urposc of attachng (ho fort. Hull, the evening before had sent lo recnil by forced marches, the detachment under Miller and Cass. No pre])nrutions wore made by lum 'to oppose the landin. of the British troops, but the Americans were so disposed belund the pu k- cting and fences of the village, and in the fort as to annoy their advance. On an eminence, two twcnty.four pounders charged with grape, were posted in a situation to sweep the advancing columns of the invader; add to to this the detach- ment out on duty might be expected to arnvc m time to partake of the action, and assail the enemy in the rear. At ten o'clock, the Bnt.sh force', about 700 strong, and some skulking In- dians, were sepn to advance in the direction in which they would meet certain destruction; wlioii suddenly, and without the slightest cause, the American commander gave orders for the troops to abandon their positions, and betake themselves 3 30 mSTORY OF THE LATE WAR. • to the fort, while the oincers commanding the heavy artillery were enjoined not to fire. In the midst of this strange suspense, the British stui continued slowly and cautiously to advance. 1 he American general seemed to have lost all pre- sence of mind, and to have heen under the mflu- encc of the most unaccountahlc panic. In this state of aflairs, he ordered a white flagto bcsus- pcndcd from the fort in token of submission. A British officer who rode up to ascertain the cause, could hardly believe it until the capitulation was made The astonishment and mortification ot the Americans at being thus surrendered, can only be imagined, and was only equalled by the grief which overspread their country when it came to be made known. , The British were put in the possession ot the whole province, with all the public Jores and arms, among which were several trophies of he revolution. The American general was alte - wards tried, and condemned to suffer death, but in consequence of. his advanced years, and hm revolutionary services, he was pardoned. * FE WAR. • commanding the lot to fire. In the e, the British 8tiU \f to advance. The have lost all prc- !en under the influ- )lc panic. In this liite flag to be sus- of submission. A iscertain the cause, le capitulation vras id mortification of irrendered, can only quailed by the grief ry when it came to le possession of the ! public stores and reval trophies of ♦he general was alter- to suffer death, but need years, and his as pardoned. HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. CHAPTER IV. m Naval Jiffairs-Capture of the Gnrrkrc-Naval: Victories. No sooner was the war declared, than our little nZ, "gallant trim, issued in separate sh.ps or smalUnuadrons, from the different ports, and a :„1red privatee- soon after darted upon the oo. The national chagrin had scarcely worn off, when the general attention was directed towards the ocean twos not long before the tr.dent was torn from the grasp of Britannia, and the red cr^JZ at the feet of the victorious Amonca Com Rodgers put to sea in June, and steered in pur'uifo the West India convoy; whde thus eXeJ, he gave chase to the Belvidera a Br.t«h Ttlt caving his squadron in the rear. But heCm ::S a fasti sailer, and^^^avin^^ .he. Xi:,i":dar:a3le of three months, by whSi the return of the American commerce wa« ::itSSarrived at Boston with several prizes. iH 33 inSTORY OF THE LATK WAR. The E'^scx and ntlicr national vcssrls sailed about the sume tiinc. The Constitution, captain Hull, was chnseil for two nal vessels «ailc(J Dnstitution, captain s, hv\ tlnoiifrli eoii- conunumlcr slie ch- ^ pulilic for somc- l)Mt the occurrence I'ar transcended our skill and pallantry nation reposed the had not yet been Is of the seas. Tlio he boasted lords of 1 to victory with the itnated to conquer. er wiwh than to pre- ct them. Better for r taken place. The t fritrates that ever aunlingly displayed of insulting mottos, s. Her commodore ould be found suffi- n. On the memora- Constitution hove in Briton beheld her IllSTOUY OF THE LATE WAR. 33 bearing dosvn, and backed his topsails to wait her .pproad.. i'or some time, they tried each other s :S^lnavalmanc.uvreing,bntthe Ju^^^^^^^^^^ finding that nothing wasto he ga.ned m his jay poured out her broadsides. Ureat was her won- lor t<. find then, not returned. Several ot Hull s , rave fellows had tidlen. 'I'he souls of tl.c Ame- iX re on fire; s.iU they patiently wa.ted.he "cL of their commander. That ;— Preg- nant with bo much glory to themselves and the r country, rame at lust, ^^aihng-mastcr Aylw.n hTadvarably seconded the views of the com- Llder, and orders were given to f- broad, e naer broadside in quick succession. The work tL done as if by the thunderbolts ol Jove. a ;\ een minutes the proud frigate was a wrec ;- fifteen more her flag came down, and t '«;«r' ,. .as on the point of sinking. ''Free trad and sailor's right".," triumphed over the tyrants oJ 'Xttwasthedinproportionbetween the Willed „„d wounded of the adverse fr.gates The Gu^^^^^ riere had 15 killed and 60 wounded; the C^nst. „,ion,7 kiUedand 7 wounded. 0"<> ';^ou "fter the Americaa would have been ready to trv id e tWluue of ar,n.s with another Bnghehmnn. The .._ -.jJ ■ <.J i j| l| IHHU I .,IJIi„ - t L ii iy i m i . i i y .t ii>li 'i a «gf , di HISTORY OF Tlin LATF. WAR. : deportment of the AinoricniiH to t)i»>ir priMonern, was tlio most genorouH iiiul limniino: the prize was burnt und blown up, it bcins; (inito iinponsible to bring her in. Alfrr inukinfj a I'liw ciipturcs tlie Constitution returned on the "iM of tik'ptenibcr. The news of this gloriouK nflair isj)reii(l on the wings of the win(!. Full, indt cd, \vn» our re- compencc for past misifDrtMiicH. AM tlie circunj- stances of this unpuruliolcd cnnibat wore of tlio most |)]ensing kind. As fomi; roward for tiiifl signal service to his country, Hull was presented with the freedom of all the cities tiirough whicli he -passed on his way to the sea* of government, and on the meeting of Congress, u liberal allow- ance made to himself and his crew, in conse- quence of his inability to bring the enemy's ship into port. From this time to the close of the war, the American newspapers were filled with accounts of naval exploits performed both in private and public armed vessels. Captain Porter, in the Essex, in a daring manner cut out a brig from a convoy, and found on board 14,0()0 dollars in specie, and 150 soldiers. He afterwards cap- lured the Alert (which was in search of the Horn- et) and was on the point of engaging a frigate ■ mi^f!4m!i^^:j.:^" ' , n^ it imJk jf—- LATE WAR iiH to tlieir priMonera, 1 lininuno: the prizo oinn, a lUitish frigate of tlie largest class. The engagement lasted two hours m con- Bcrpicnce of the roughness of the sea. The fire of the American was so remarkable, that the cncmv at one moment thought her on fire. Licu- trnant Funk and Allen were highly distinguished in this atfair: the 0,rmer nnhuppilv received a mortal wound. The Commodore safely reached New York with his prize, and was received by the a[>plause of his country. Another naval victory was some time after an- nounced, won after a "short, but to the enemy a most sanguinary conflict. Copt. Jones of the Wasp, a sloop of war, fell in with the Frolic, 22 86 WOTORY or THE l.A'I ,; WAR. gunn, Copt. WhinyatOB, The cupcriurily wnn ■omewhnt on thu mdc of the Briton. At tirwlUio chance nppciiroa in his favor; the ri««inK of tho Waep hii(i Buflerod in a gnle the tiny hcforc, anil tho roughness of tho wntor prevented tho Anieri- cone from bringing their giuw to bonr with their usual eflects. Th« engagement liiHted neiirly an hour; the vosbcIh grtuhialiy nearing cneh other until tlio rammers touched their sides; the Frolic was at length taken by boarding; in forty minuten after they came to close quartern tho AmcricunB were in possession. Her decks exhibited a most shocking spectacle, her rigging had been much oit up, and both decks were strewed with tho dead and wounded. Tho Americans on this occason, displiiyed their characteristic humimity. The Iosh on Iward the Frolic was 30 killed and 50 wounded: tliat of the Wasp was only 6 killed and 5 wounded. Both theso vcfisels were some days aftcrwardn captured by tlie Poictiera 74, Captain IJcresford. Never was any war so \vonderfulIy successful as that Avagcd against the Goliath of tlio ocean. Tho first year of tho war was a continued scries of naval victories. In a few montlis the enemy \r. K\ ■ w wi O. ' l i ' • 1,AT i; WAR. 'I'lio Hupcriorily Mn» ^ Hritoii. At rtrwttlio ir; the riy>;iiiR of Hio e the tiny hefurc, iuhI prevented tlio Aineri- 11)4 to bnnr with their ment liiHtocI neiirly an yr Hearing each other their sides; the Frohc rding; in forty minuter iiartcrM the AmcricunB leckH exhibited u inoHt gging had been much ero strewed with tlio is occttson, diispliiycd ty. The h)SH on lu>ar(l id 50 wounded: tliat of illcd and 5 wounded. 8omo days aftcrwardH 74, Captain Ucrosford. \"-onderfulIy t?iiccc3sful GoUath of tlio ocean, was a continued soiic» few months the enemy HISTORY OP Tlin LATE WAR. 37 loit upwards of two hundred and f.fty merchant. voMcli., two of her frigatcM and i.ov«ral •mailer public voHHclH. In Great Britain, the marvellou. docdH, at nr»t diibelievcd, noon produced a deep chagrin and even dinniay. The n.ain pillar of her strength wan torn uwny. llnwilling to ucknow. ledge the superiority of the new enemy she sought to deceive herself by the i.lle entimates of tho comparative force, un.l by tho invention of fan- ciod miHhaps: had wo lived in an ago of sup^r- stition, it would have have been attributed to magic. , On tho Lukes, those interior bcus, whose bor- dcrfl arc destined to become tho joyful residence of millions of our fellow croaturon. there appeared to be an approaching naval 8trim«lc. The Cale- donia and the brig Adams, lo ,aed with furs, had come down the Lake early • > October, and an- chored under tho guns of the Uritish fort. Lieut. Elliot of the navy, who had some short time be- fore arrived with a number of our brave tars in order to provide a naval force, early in the morn- ing, slipped down with some of bis gallant fel- lows, boarded and carried the two vessels. In ten minutes afterwards he was under way, but the Adams unfortunately rnn aground before he could 36 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. secure her, the other however, was safely brought off, and was found to have on board 200,000 dol- lars worth of furs. CHAPTER V. B ffc of Qucemtoton— General Smythe Miime* command-Colonel Pike's incursion. During the summer and autumn, a considerar- blc force was collected along the Niagara, coit- sisting of regulars and militia, occupying the best position for foUowuig up the blow to be struck by Hull The spirit of the nation had recovered from the mortifying occurence already detailed, while the success of our navy had awakened m the breast of every American an ardent wish to restore the honor of Uie country. An iraJident vhich occurred in this quarter kindled this ardor to its utmost height, this was the capture of the British vessels on the Lake which >«re have re- lated in the last chapter. ' The American force, now commanded by General Van Rensselaer, be- sought him to lead them against the enemy. Un- willing to damp their ardor aftd at the same tin>« ¥ H ATE WAR. -, was eafely brought I board 200,000 dol- L V. iral Smythe (utwntt ike's incursion. autumn, a considerar- ig the Niagara, coit- ia, occupying the best J blow to be struck by lation had recovered ence already detailed, avy had awakened in lan an ardent wish to country. An incident irter kindled this ardor iras the capture of the lie which 'we have re- • The American force* al Van Rensselaer, be- raunst the enemy. Un- r aftd at the same tin»« M18T0RV OF THE LATE WAR. ^ flattering himself with the hope of being able to seize the opposite shore, and by that means inter- cept the communication of the enemy above, as well as with the lower Provinces, materially assist the force of the West about to rally and expel A« invaders of our territory. Accordingly on the ISth of October, the corps composing th? van of the invading army consist- ing of tliree hundre>d men, under Col. Van Rans- selaer and Col. Christie with about the same number of regulars, a detachment of infantry under iMajor Mulaney, and the artillery of Col. Fenwiclj, made good their landing in the face of the enemv's bat.eries, and rapidly storming the enemy's height, possessed themselves completely «f the Canada shore. The troops of Buffalo and Lewistown had been marched for the purpose of crossing over when this could he eflfected in order to secure what should be gained. Colonel Van Rensselaer was severely wound- ed, almost as soon as he bad landed; but with undaunted firmness he still continued to give or- ders. About the time of crossing, they wer» joined by colonel Scott, who made a rapid march with his artillery, in order to share the honors of the day. The British wer« driven in all dire©- 'Sife- r*!f m inSTOYU OF THE LATE WAR. tione, but soon after returned with largo rein- forcements of regulars and Indians, led by Gen. Brock in person, nearly three times the numbers of the Americans. This additional force was fiercely withstood, and compelled to retire with disgrace. The British general, mortified at the conduct of his troops, led them a second time to the charge, but while in the act of urging them on,, he fell mortally wounded, and they once more gave way. It was now four o'clock, throe times had the foe been routed, all that was requisite to complete the business of the day, was for the volunteers on the opposite shore to cross over and reap the laurels which had been won. The Ge- neral crossed over for this purpose, but what pen can describe the vexation which filled his heart when he found that they had conttitutional objec- tions to crossing the straight! no persuasion* could prevail on them. On one page of this affiur Americans will dwell with delight, fiom the next they will turn with disgust The regulars Vid volunteers on the Canada side waited in vain for the aid of their comrades. The clouds of war were once more gathering around them. T%* enemy returned to the combat goaded by shame, by rage, and by the hope of subduing numbers to rE WAR. with largo rein- ians, led by Gen. lines the numbers itional force was led to retire with ,1, mortified at the 1 a second time to ct of urging them nd they once more clock, throe times 9,t was requisite to day, was for the e to cross over and in won. The Ge« pose, but what pen ich filled his heart mttitutional objec- t! no persuasions one page of this h delight, fiom the list The regulars side waited in vain The clouds of war around them. The t goaded by shame, tbduing numbers so HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. 41 inferior. For an hour the fight raged with unex- ampled fury; a lew of the Americans attempted a retreat to their own shore, but the greater part were at last compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers. The American officers wore highly distinguish- ed. (ieneral Wadsworth, of the volunteers, Colonels Van Rensselaer, and Christie, were much applauded, as also Cap,taia8.Wool, Gibson, OgiLvie, Armstrong, apd many others., About 6Q were killed, 100 wounded, and about. 1000 taken prisoners. The British 49th regiment, called •'the invincibles," formed a part of their force. The loss of the enemy was very considerable in killed and wounded On the fall of Gen. Brock, Gen. SheafTe suc- ceeded tothe command. In many things he, wa« wanting in regjard to the duties of humanity which might have been expected from a generous enemy. He imposed no restrabt upon the savages, who were permitted to practice their horrid treatment to the dead and wounded. During the funeral of General Brock, minute guns were fired fi-oin the American fort as a testimony of respect for the character of a brave enemy. D2 ? HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. It was a most unfortunate circumstance that the Americans failed in their attempt on the Cana- da Bhore. It became afterwards the glorious theaire of American valor, but had we obtained poBsesBion, the troops would have been well housed for the winter, and the spring campaign would have opened with results very different to those which followed. In the course of this parti-colored day, a can- nonade was kept up from the forts and batteries on the opposite sides of the water. Considerable execution was done by the AmericanH, with com- paratively trifling iigury by the enemy. The command of this force was soon ailer resigned to General Smythe, of the United States Army, an officer who stood high as a tactician, but who had not shewn himself in the field. De- sirous of contrasting his talents with those of his predecessor, he set about miJdng preparations for a more successful invasion of the Canada shore before the close of the season although it was now far advanced. On examining the ground he fcncied that the failure of the former attempt was to be attributed to the iiyudicious selection of the place of landing. He first wsued a procla- mation calling on volunteers fron* all quarters, t f TB WAR. circumstance that tempt on the Cana- rards the glorious it had we obtained A have been well e spring campaign Us very different to colored day, a can- , forts and batteries ater. Considerable reiericann, with com- le enemy. roe was 80on ailer of the United States high as a tactician, Elfin the field. De- nts with those of his m\king preparations sion of the Canada le season although it ixaniining the ground f the former attempt iiyudicious selection first WBued a procla- « fron\ all quarters, HISTORY or THE LATE WAR. 43 and on tho 17th of November, announced to the army of the centre, his intention of crossing mto Canada. It was not, however, until the 28th of November, that all things were prepared for the intended enterprise. Two detachments, one un- der Colonel Winder, and tho other under Colonel Boerrstler, were to cross before day to seize the batteries, and keep them until the mam body should pass the river. . At three o'clock they got under way in ten boats, but on approaching the shore, they found tho enemy apprised, and actually opened a fire the whole length of their batteries. The g'^"^*' part of the invading force was compelled to pu Lck, having bee- carried down by the cumn vhich is here exceedingly rapid. Two small detachments alone efiected a landing, one under Col. Bcerstlor, the other uuder Captain King, at distant points from each other; but making a bold assault, and at the same time raising a shout the British were induced to believe that the in- termediate space was occupied by the whole American army, and fled precipitately their posts leanng all the batteries undcfenucd. The boats which relumed to the American side, by their report, produced a suspense in the mipd ol 44 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. the General, in conBcquence of his ignorance of the fate of the handful of men who had cflectcJ their landing. Two thousand men who wore embarked, wait- ed impatiently for orders to move, but the com- mander still hesitated what to do. An equal number paraded on the shore in readiness to pro- ceed as a reserve. In the mean time day began to dawn, and the enemy having superior force was greatly astonished to find the invading foe scarcely Qxceeded thirty men, who were nunde prisoners of war. The British force collected was leas than 500 men, but concealing themselves in the woods, and winding their bugles lustily, induced a belief their numbers were very great. General Smyth« concluding, that ai)y further prosecution of this invasion would be useless, therefore announced its abandonment greatly to the dissatisfaction of the troops who were on this occasion earnestly desirous of wiping away tlie stain of former dis- grace. It was with difficulty that he could calm their minds by declaring his intention of making a more effectual attempt. On the Tuesday following, the troops were actually embarked, and General Porter who was tp lead the van anxiously waited the orders to Pi af S oi hi 8< ill »! tl C' h h I P d n t rE WAF. ' his ignorance of who had cflectcJ re embarked, wait- lovc, but the com- do. An equal 1 readiness to pro- in time day began superior force was I'ading foe scarcely 5 made prisoners of ctcd was leas than elves in the woods, y, induced a belief General Smyth« >rosecution of this erefore announced B dissatisfaction of occasion earnestly tain of former dis- that he could calm Uention of making ;, the troops were al Porter who was litsd the orders tQ HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. 45 proceed. Every thing promised success, a* far as depended on the good conduct of the troops. Suddenly, to the astonishment of the whole army, orders were issued by the General, aimouncing his intention of renouncing the invasion for tiie season, and to retire into winter quarters. The discontent of the American volunteers thus dis- appointed, was not confined to murmurs, many threatened the life of the General, who was compelled to place a guard near his person for his safety. The General, after endeavoring to establish his courage and prudence by challenging General Porter of the New York volunteers, thought proper to retire from the command. Ho with- drew to his seat in Virginia, where he was per- mitted to remain quietly during the remainder of the war. The forces collected on th^fit. Lawrence, with the exception of some MB skirmishes, did little worthy of being recordOTT On the 19th of October, Colonel Pike, u promising and rising officer, already highly esteemed as an enterprising and chivalrous soldier, raai'-) an incursion into Canada, defeated a bodv British and Indians, destroyed a block-h>^usa, and returned with only £ve men wounded. 46 HISTORY OF THE LATK WAR CHAPTER VI. Afairs of the Weat — Miwementa of Gentral Harrison. We return to the affairs of the West after the melancholy surresnder of Hull. Nearer the scene of action, the Western States were more deeply chagrined than other parts of the Union. Many of their citizens had been compelled to share in the burthen of the heavy disgrace. In the re- action of the public feelings, an enthusiastic spirit was enkindled, and the desire of regaining the conquered territory and of avenging the in- sult, universally prevailed. At Louisville, and Newport, large bodies of volunteer.^ were con- tinually collecting: in the state of Ohio, at several points, a similar alacrity had collected large bodies of privalficitizens who had suddenly taken up arms. IiJ^^ *'•« numbers flocking to the places of renW^us, rendered it necessary that orders should be issued to prevent the assemblage of troops so far exceeding the necessities of the occasion; whole companies were dismissed as Bupernumerary. General Harrison, the most popular military man to the westward, was called iTK WAR VI. ''* '.mentM of Gemral the West after the Neurer the sceiio s were more deeply ' the Union. Many )mpelled to share in ssirace. In the re- g«, an enthusiastic I desire of regaining of avenging the in- At Louisville, and olunteer.s were con- tc of Ohio, at several had collected large had suddenly taken ibers flocking to the jred it neceHsary that ■event the assemblage he necessities of the 3 were dismissed as Harrison, the most westward, was called HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. 47 to the command of the volunteers, nnd of such regulars as had been collected. This took placo in September. His first stop after orgimizing his force nnd distributing it to the most important points, was to relieve the frontier posts now in great danger, and to send detachments in various directions into the Indian country. One of these, fort Harrison, situated on the Wabasli, had been in the mean time attacked by a large body of In- dians in the night; the situation of (he besieged was at one moment dcNperate, in consequence of the wooden barracks within the picketing having been set on fire; nothing but the admirable cool- ness of the commanding ofticer. Captain Taylor, preserved the lives of the unfortunate soldiers from Indian massacre. For his good conduct h« was promoted to a majority. Several expeditions on a respectable scale were conducted by Generals Hopkins and Tuppcr, and by Colonels Campbell and Russell. By these all the forts were relieved, and the Indian villages laid in ashes, by which these relentless enemies were driven »o the distant British trading esta- blishments for subsistence, and gave security to- the frontier settlors. 1 '%. '•??■■ j 48 HISTORY or THE LATE WAR. Having completed these preliminary operations, Goncrul Harrison left fort Winchester at which tho principal force was stationed, in order to superintend the equipment and march of tlie vo' luntcer« destined to replace those whose services had expired, and for the purpose of hringing the forccM destined in the spring to operate against the enemy at Detroit. (Jeneral Winchester wa« left in command of about 1000 men chiefly volun- teers from Kentucky, and consisting of young men of ardent and generous feeling. It was not long oiler the departure of (■'oiieral Harrison, be- fore tho arrival of a deputation from the village of Frenchtown, situated on tho river Raisin between the Miami and Detroit, soliciting the protection of their countrymen, from the Indians who had threatened to destroy them, and to prevent if possible, the occupation of their village by the combined forces of the enemy as was contem- plated. The General, at the earnest solicitationa of the volunteers, was prevailed upon to consent to their marching to the relief of the unfortunate people. Col. Lewis, ut the head of about 500 men, Uie greater part of Kentucky volunteers, with two companies of regulars, reached the river Bjiisin on the 18th of January, 1813, and findipg w T. LATE WAR. I preliminary operations, rt Wincliester at whicli stationed, in order to t and march of tlie VO' :c those whoso services lurponc of bringing the ring to operate againnt oneral Winchester wa« 1000 men chiefly volun- id consisting of young »us feeling. It was not ' <■' fiieral Harrison, bc- ition from the village of iio river Raisin between loliciting the protection 1 the Indians who had !ra, and to prevent if of their village by the inemy as was contem- the earnest solicitationa ivailed upon to consent eliof of the unfortunate the head of about 500 Kentucky volunteers, ulars, reached the river lury, 1813, and ftndipg HISTORY OF TllK I.ATE WAR. <9 the enemy strongly picketed, boldly crossed the river on tho ito, and ullcr a warm action, drove them in every direction. Being nuiBter of the ground, he encamped within a lino of pickets which would contribute to render liiH position do- fcncible, in case of an attack by a larger body. Hen. Harrison about this time, arriving at fort Winchester with some reinforcements, won much chagrined to find this deviation from his plan of operation. To remedy this false step as fur an lay in his power, ho despatched lien. Winchestsr to take the command ut the head of an additional force of 200 men. This increased the main body to seven hundred and fiJly. The additional tbrco encamped on tho outftiide of tho pickets before mentioned. At day light on the f22d, this force was suddenly attacked by 3000 British and In- dians: those on the outside of the pickets, were soon overpowered by numbers, and were all either killed or fell into the hands of tho ruthless sa- vages. General Winchester and Colonel Lewis, who happened to bo with this body, were made prisoners about the same time. Those within the pickets, about 500 in number, continued Om rc- •istancc unta near eleven o'clock, ''"^""*2!3t% edly reiwllcd the nssailantn in the attemplj^jpr'^ Sk I W HISTORY OF THE LATi: WAR. the stockatic. Tiiulijig ti.ut their, nrriis could make no imprcbNion on this baiitl of JitMoos, tho enemy resorted to tho arts of |M-,rHuubion; a Hag was sent, promims ofpiotcclion were licld forth; they oxproi«8ly iigrccd to preserve to the officers their oido nrnis; to ull tliin wc-rc added tlio en- treaties of Genorul Winsliestcr, who feared timt those brave men would nil |)c iMacrificcd to the fury of the savngo enemy. 'I'liry wire at lost prevailed upon to luy down their arms. Tho historian would gladly oust tho veil of oblivion over (lie sccncd which now ensued. Tho savages soon commenced their deeds of horror; the dead were deprived of tiiefi- clothing; many of the wounded tomahawked and robbed; tho living were exposed to every j-pecies of insult and torture. The conduct of tho Urilish commander, Gen. Proctor, has mumped his name with infamy that will last to remotest ngcs, Miuiy of tho prisoners were carried away l.y the Indians, somo of them were burnt wiiii bonii.lo torments, and others retained in slavery to be afterwards car- ried about like beasts, and sold in the streets of Detroit. The most tragical part of this shock- ing affair, was the burning upwards of 60 of the unhappy wounded, who had b(>rn left in the LATi: WAR. lut (liijir. nrnis could is bimtl «)(■ lifM'uus, tho of po.rcuuHioii; a (lag 3clion were licld forth; ircserve to the officers H w»'rc added tlio en- uBtor, who tViircd timt i ho isocrificid to the . Tlicy were at Inst 1 tlieir urms. adly oust tlio veil of licli now ensued. TJio their deeds of horror; their clothing; many icd und robbed; the y ("pecieH of insult and IJritish commander, his name with infamy ngc-*. Miuiy of tho ' l)y tiic Indians, some loniiilo torments, and to be afterwards car- sold in the streotit of d part of (his shock- upwards of 60 of the ad b<>rn left in the 1 insToiiY or Tiir i.att war. 6f houses of tho inhabitanlN; thoso houses were left without any guard of British regulars, and the day after tho liattio, a pnrty of Indians returned and sat (ire to them. Tho fate of Captain Hart, un ttccomplii-hed young gentleman of Kentucky, was peculiarly dislresning. Col. Elliot, of tho British army, who had been his classmate at Princeton, voluntarily tendered him his protec- tion, and promised to return with the means of conveyance to a place of safety where his wound might be attended to. This he never did. Copt. Hart prevailed on two Indians for a sum of money to take him to Detroit; they hadproceeded with him but a short distance, when with the cruelty and (ickleness of savages, they pulled him from his horse, and wreaked their vengeance upon their defenceless prisoner. Oh! Britain what a heart couldst thou have possessed, to permit a fellowship in thy wars with such bloody fiends! Two hundred of the dead were suffered to lie on the ground; no funeral rites were permitted to be paid them. Humanity must ever weep over this melancholy picture. Among tho slain, or barbarously murdered, were Colonel Allen, Captains Hickman, Simpson, 52 HISTORV OF THE LATE WAH. (a me;nbcr of Congress,) Mead, Edwards, Price, M'Crackcn, and many other of the choicest sons of Kentucky, CHAPTER VII. Meeting of Congress — Proposed Armisfice — Capture of the Java — Operations on the Lakes — Siege of Fort Meigs. SHOBThY after the commencement of the war, a proposition for a cessation of hostilities, was made by the Governor of Canada, information having reached him of the repeal of the Orders in Council. This proposition being vague and informal, was at once rejected. It was followed by one more specific on the part of Admiral Warren, who came to talte command of the sta- tion; he demanded as a preliminary to every other step, that the United States should throw down their arms, as having been the aggressors. This insolent demand was instantly refused. In fact we had no confidence in the momentary repeal of the orders ia council; nothing but a repeal of the wicked temper of the enemy could give ua secu- rit W( er d' fo te ti u a v A ti P I t ( I W^' .ATE WAn iad, Edwards, Price, of the choicest sons VII. , .'-;-".. •oposed Armislice — rations on the Laket ncement of the war, n of hostilities, was [Canada, information •epeal of the Orders >n being vague and jd. It was followed lie part of Admiral sommand of the sta- linary to every other should throw down le aggressors. This lly refused. In fact momentary repeal of g but a repeal of the could give us secu- HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. 53 rity. To prove, however, to the world, that we were not behind our enemy in a wish to put an end to the horrors of war, the American Charge d'Affaires in London, was instructed to make formal proposals for settling all disputes on fair terms, and in the mean time, to agree to an armis- tice pending the negociation. They were not received. On the meeting of the Oongrcsp, the aspect of affairs was such as to call for the most active and vigorous preparations for carrying on the war. A loan was authorized; an additional number of troops were to be enlisted; and all the necessary provisions for a serious conflict were made. The President called upon the National Legislature to meet the coming storm with firmness, be^ coming the representatives of a free and mag- nanimous people. Captain Chauncey, of the navy, was sent to Lake Ontario to organize a naval force. So rapid were his operations, that before winter set in, he had gained the ascendency on the Lake, had captured a British vessel, and driven their fleet to take shelter in the harbor of Kingston. While Congress was engaged in thpse aflairs, news arrived of a third victory obtained over « " -^•^.'JB i i!r:f ^^HJ-' '"■■ ' , ' ■ ' " ' "■H BW 'I 'iiWW. ' V""-" *" '»»\ 54 HISTOKY OF THE LATE WAR. British frigate. On the 29tli of December, at two o'clocic, P. M., the Constitution, Captain Hainbridge fell in with and captured the British frigate Java, of SiO guns, and upwards of 400 men, commanded by Captain Lambert, a distin" guished officer. The action lasted about one hour and an half, during which time the enemy was completely dismasted, and their commander mortally wounded. On board were General His- lop, destined to the command of Bombay, toge- ther with several other officers of distinction. The prize could not be brought in, having been reduced to a pci i t wreck. Tlio victor reached Boston in Fel.. id received the same hon- ors as were w . ^ ' ' ; paid to our naval com- inanders. The rejoicings for this happy occurrence were not a little damped by intelligence of the critical situation of General Harrison. This officer, find- ing his force much weakened by the loss of numbers as well as of the aid and council of so many able officers and intelligent men, deemed it prudent to entrench himself near the Miami. Ho constructed hastily a stockade, which he called fort Meigs, in honor of the active and patriotic Governor of Ohio, who had exerted himself in it ti it b F n K b e i < I I LATE WAR. )tli of December, at ^Constitution, Captain captured the British and upwards of 400 in Lambert, a distin* >n lasted about one hich time the enemy Hud their commander rd were General His- iid of Bombay, toge- ^cers of distinction. Light in, having been Tlio victor reached ceived the same hon- i to our naval com* ippy occurrence were ligence of the critical >n. This officer, find- cned by the loss of aid and council of so ligent men, deemed it ' near tlic Miami. Ho lade, which he called e active and patriotic id exerted himself in ir- HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. 55 the most laudable manner to further the prepara- tions on foot His rude fortifications were still mcomplete when the enemy, consisting of a com- bined force of British and Indians under General Proctor, made its appearance. The fort was manned with about a thousand men, chiefly vo- lunteers, was closely invested by more than dou- ble the number. A fire was mutually kept up each day for some time, when a messenger in- formed the American commander of the approach of laOO men under General Clay. A well plan- ned sortie in conjunction with the reinforcement was resolved upon. Colonel Dudley descending the Miami at the head of a detachment in pursu- ance of the preconcerted plan, suddenly landed on the left bank of the river, assailed the British batteries, and completely drove them from the field; unfortunately, however, the impetuosity of his troops could not be checked; they persisted in pursuing the enemy until they reached a wood, where ihey were suddenly surrounded «u»dJ*o greater part cut to pieces or made prisoners, 'nic Colonel, who had endeavored to make good his retreat to the boats, was slain in the struggle. On the opposite side, the sortie 4erou9 iacurnions of the p.nvngrs. wi th T bi bl til Ji w si t( ri a r ii 1 ] I I mmim III . I I i i iiw III ■ amammui^ t^Kf^^yfVf^^ ATE WAR. chosen for this pur- om ull their works, ovemable headlong vas iioar being riiin- snvcd by a vigorous r>vero(l tiioir retreat. irers of the day, wo Ucxander, Captains r, iSahrie, and Iwcu- oire of Fort Moig.'*. id tJiirtcen days, tho d 150 wounded, be- 00 to the fury of the Eld tlie enemy been trous consequences wliole frontier was iirity. from the muri affcs. HISTORY OF THE L.\TE WAR. CHAPTER VIII. 67 Capture of the reacoek—Olhtr Naval Afairi. The naval incidents of the second year of tho war, with one or two exceptions, were of the same brilUant character as the first. The open- ing of this year was signalized by the capture of the Peacock, by the Hornet, Captain Lawrence. This vessel had been left by Commodore Bain- bridge shortly before his capture of the Java, to blockade the Bonne Citoyenne, a British vessel then in the port of St. Salvador. On the 24th of January, the Montague 74, hove in sight, on which the Hornet was compelled to raise the siege. The Hornet by this occurrence, was compelled to strike out a new course. On the 23d of Feb- ruary, she discovered an English brig lying at anchor near the Carabona banks: Captain Law- rence stood for her, but while in the act of beat- ing round for the purpose of coming up, another vessel of war was espied making towards the Hornet. This proved to be a large man of war brig, the Peacock, Captain Peak. It was not long before they were both engaged. In fifteen # 1 . ' ■f, ■ fe l. ] ^ 1 t 1 5l f .v r ""- . ■V f- 1 I 58 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. minutes tlie Peacock could with difliculty be kept from flinking, islio hung out signals of distresN ut the aume moment that she hauled dowq her flag. The generous Lawrence immediately despatched his boats to assist in saving the vanquished crew every possible effort was made, but in despite o all they could do she went to the bottom, carrying down three American seamen, and five of her own. The officers and crew having been depri- ved of their clothes, were supplied by the Ame- ricans who shared with them like brothers. The injury of the Hornet was very slight. The British, mortified beyond measure at the repeated defeats which they had experienced, found it necessary seriously to devise some mode of retrieving their credit. Several frigates were fitted out in the best possible manner, with picked crews. Marksmen in imitation as they pretend- ed of the Americans, were stationed in the tops, and the artillerists were trained with peculiar attention. The numbers of the crews were in- creased for the purpose of boarding; in fine noth- ing was led undone that might enable them to cope with the formidable American. Captain Lawrence returned in April, and after «xperiencing every mark of honor, which hi* co\ ma nal so am Im: cui ne tlu pn de ful tli( iin cr b( e(] e\ O nc w hi h< V( bi VI ■ ' ^ ^aaii»i'^ . |. '. J' " ''**" ATE WAR. itii (lifliculty be kept gnals of distress ut Lulcd dowQ her flag, lediately despatched he vanquished crew :le, but in despite o the bottom, carrying en, and five of her having been depri- iipplied by the Ame- like brothers. The •y slight. 'ond measure at the ly had experienced, to devise some mode everal frigates were manner, with picked tion as they pretend- tationed in the tops, ained with peculiar the crews were in- larding; in fine noth- ght enable them to lerican. d in April, and after f honor, which hi* 50 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. country could bestow, was appointed to the com- mand of the Ciiesapcake at ilostoii, the unfortu- nate vessel which had, betbic tlic war, received so great an insult from the British. The Shannon and Tenedos were at this time cruizing off the harbor, and sending challenges to the American commanders of frlgatcH. Lawrence unfortunately never received any of them, and was not awaro that ho hud to contend with an enemy specially prepared; but perceiving a British vessel casting detianco as it were in his teeth by parading in full view of him, ho burned to sally forth and try the fortune of liis arms. The Chesapeake waa unJci-going some lepuirs, the greater part of her crew had been discharged, new hands were to be enHsted, and many of the most important equipments to be made. His impatience hurried every thing forward: no moment was to be lost. On the 1st of June he moved out, and the Shan- non, Captain Broke, espying him, manifested no wish to avoid the contest. Lawrence harangued his crew, when to his inexpressible mortilication, he found them sullen and mutinous; he endea- vored to conciliate them and arouse within their breasts a spirit worthy of the occasion. But in vain as became too soon evident. After some I! eO HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. manccuvoring they cnmo to close quarters, and ut first the advantngo was evidently in fiivor of tho Chesapeake; the fortune of the day soon began to turn, in consequence of the great destruction among the American officers. Sailing-master While was killed; Lieutenant Ballard, mortally wounded; Lieutenant Hrown, of the marines, severely; as also tho first Lieutenant Ludlow. Captain Lawrence, although severely wounded, still remained on deck giving his orders with coobiess as he leaned upon the companion- way. He was giving orders for the boarders to come up, when he received a ball in his body on which ho was carried below, exclaiming to his companions as they carried him off, "Don'< give up the Ship;^ which words have become the motto of American seamen. Captain Broke find- ing that his vessel had received great injury, and was then ahnost in a sinking condition, deter- mined to board. The Chesapeake having been disabled in rigging, she had fallen, to use the sea- man's pharse, on board the Shannon. The Bn- tish commander leaped on deck at the head of about aO men, and was soon followed by a suffi- cient number of his crew to accomplish the object h, view. A short but desperate struggle ensued. Wi N T til F fi A tl ii ''■'■r-^-JT'" LATE WAR. :loso quarters, and ut Icntly in fiivor of tho the day soon began the great destruction ers. Sailing-master int Ballard, mortally ivn, of tho marines, Lieutenant Ludlow, rh severely wounded, t'ing his orders with pon the companion- rs for the boarders to a ball in his body on iw, exclaiming to his i him off, ''Don't give lis have become the Captain Broke find- jived great injury, and king condition, dcter- jsapeake having been 1 fallen, to use the sea- B Shannon. The Bri- i deck at the head of an followed by a suffi- ) accomplish the object icrate struggle ensued. HISTORY OF THE lATE WAR. 61 The loss of aiTicois on the part of (he AmcrKann. and tho dantardly con.lnct of the boatswain, who had skulUc.1 instead of calling up the boarders, gave the decided advantage to tho enemy. 1 he action in a nhort time terminated in (he capture of the Chenapcako. Nearly all tho officers on board Ms ill-fated ship, were either killed or wouned. On the part of the enemy there were 2.3 killed and 56 wounded. The conduct of the British was not so conspicuous for magnanimity to th« vanquished, as would have been wished, with the exception of the honorable interment of the naval heroes Lawrence and Ludlow, on their arrival at Halifax. The rejoicings in England for this victory, were scarcely more extravagant than those of Nelson, and of their most distinguished Admirals. The capture of one American frigate appeared to them a greater exploit, than the capture of a French o^ Spanish fleet. For a time the t.de of fortune seemed to bo in favor of Britain. Tl^ Argus, early hi June, aHer having earned out Ui^'A;erican minister to France, -"t to cn"ze .n the British channel, where she commuted «o much havoc that the British govcrnme.^ found nocessarv to f.l out ships on purpose to encounter t ' «2 HISTORY OK THE LATE WAR. this (lungeruiis cneiiiy. Ity uix; uf Uiose, (the Pelican, ) ulie was diHcovcieiJ nt iiiglit by a ship on fire. Captain Alltn I'cll nt the iirwt fire, and his Lieutenant woon atkr. The wliccl beirg un- fortunately shot away she wa8 exposed to raking. In this situation f-lie withstood the enemy's fire some time, but was at last compelled to burren- der after forty-seven minutes close fighting. This was the last victory fairly ohfained by Britain. Early in July, letlors wore rccuived from Com- modore Porter, who it hecnis had sailed round Capo Horn, for the purpose of ciittirif' up the English trade and destroy the fisheries in the South (s# CO of th re of e« te b< lo CI t{ C » n 1 LATE WAR. i oii« of tliose, (the (1 III iiiglit by a ship at the iirwt fire, and The wliocl beiro; un- 18 exposed to rnking. nod the enemy's fire compelled fo Hurren- I close fighting. Tiiid hfiiined by Britnin, 3 received from Com- us had sailed round se of ciittinp up tho tho fisheries in tho with ustonisiiing suc- le enemy's ships, tho araied, and distribu- aard tlieso ships, he ible lleet, with which he I'acitic ocean, ice more returned to B first of September, Jiurrows, fell in with 'Ilie action lasted ' minutes, when the handled that he cricy plan of operation ad been appointed : of tho most ardent or an opportunity of upon York WM ro- niRT<:>KY OF TllF, LATF, WAR. 65 nolved upon; tho plnn ond execution was resign- ed to Pike. This i)laoe, tho capital of upper Ca- nada, contained vanl qnantiticB of military and naval sioreH, and moreover, a large vessel almost ready for launching, which would give tho com- mand oftheluko to the Hritish. On the 25th of April, 'MM iii' n were omlmrk- ed on hoard ho American squad'. ,n, and appear- ed before V'l ik. No lime was li.st in clfocting a landing at the ruins of the old fort of Torento, about two miles ul. c th town. This was ef- fected under R severe rtf !rom the nemy, v 'o had been apprised and were drawn up a the water's edge. Forsythe, with his ritl'-m. s, led the van, but receiving a galling firo as h mared tho shore he ordered his boath... 'o rest upon the* > ars, in order to givo his nark*' ^eri an opporiuniiy of reluming the complintent. This being observed by Pike, wiio was anxiously watching every movement, he leaped into tho boat prepared for himself and f tatt", and on'-ered the detachment of major King to foUov him. He made good his landing, and placing iumself at the head of the troops first formed, gallantly charged upon the enemy, and drove them beforo him. A few mo- ments after, reinforcements arriving, be moA-ed F2 • i «) ■,ijw;tgi ii iyi i »i g mi.i.4 y 06 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. forward, drove the enemy from a battery which they had constructed, and then pushed on to ano- ther, when the soud of Forsyth's bugles announc- ed victory on his part. As he approached the last battery, it was precipitately abandoned by the enemy. Here the column halted within 300 yards of the enemy's barracks. While calmly engaged in conversation with a Britirth sergeant, a dread- ful explosion took place. It was the magazine in which there had been an immense quantity of gunpowder. Masses of stone and timber fell in the midst of the Americana, producing dreadful havoc; upwards of 300 were at once killed and wounded. Unsubdued by the horrors of this in- fernal contrivance, and tliia scene of desolation, their ranks were instantly closed, and thev rent the air with three loud huzzas, while the anima- ting tune of Yankee Doodle cheered even the dying, and caused the wounded to forget their pain. The chivalrous leader, however was hero doomed to tenninate his short but glorious career: he received a mortal contusion, but still retaining enough of life to give words to his gallant spirit, he thus addressed his troops, ''Move on my brave felUnos, and nvenge your General." He was then carried on boad one of the vessels; the scenes of # TE WAR. Tfi a battery which pushed on to ano- 's bugles announc- e approached the ' abandoned by tho d within 300 yards le cahnly engaged sergeant, a dread- rt'as the magazine imenHe quantity of and timber fell in iroducing dreadful it once killed and horrors of this in- iene of desolation, sed, and thev rent wliile the anima- cheered even tho led to forget their liowever was liere )ut glorious career: t, but still retaining his gallant spirit, 'Afot'c on my brave tral." He was then rsels; the scenes of HISTORY or THE LATE WAR m I life were rapidly receding from his view, and his sight growing every moment more dim, when ho was somewhat roused by the victorious shouts of his men. A moment after, the British Bag was brought to him: this for a moment kindled up his fading eye, an.l roqtiesting that the trophy might be placed under his head he expired. The American troops headed by Col. Pearce, took possession of all the British works, and were on full march to York, when they were met by a deputation who offered to surrender. It was agreed that the place with all pablic property, and the troops should be surrendered to the Ameri- cans. Wliile the acticles of capitulation were under discussion, the British were actually enga- ged in destroying all the public property, whilo an opportunity was given to General Sheaffe to escape with a considertble portion of his regu- lars. About three o'clock, possession waa.takeu of the town. Pike, in his General orders, had forbidden any of his men to violate private proper- ty, (Mlpbin of death. The order was strictly eboyed, although there existed cause of much exasperation. In the State-House, a singular trophy was found over tiie Speaker's mace; it was no other than a human scalp! On such a fiiet ^ -,^-T- =2— ::— asCSMffll'!*'*?*^*^ 68 fmmm HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. no commentary is necessary. Afler this, how could any regard to the laws of honorable war, be expected from Great Britain? After this insult to all civilization and liyimanity! General Dearborn, did not assume the com- mand, until after possession was taken of the place. Having taken measures for securing the captured stores, and the prisoners who amounted to about 800, he ordered the place to be ^vacua- ted, and soon after re-embanked his troops. Es- sential service was rendered by (.'ommodoro Chauncey, in covering tlie landing and in annoy- ing the enemy's batteries. The American loss in killed and wounded, an»ounted to '%9, that of the British to 930 men, including prisoners. On the return to Sackett's Harbour, prepara- tions were made for the attack on Fort George, and the British strong-holds on the Niagara, which had been vainly attempted the year before. All things being made ready, the avmy embarked on board the tieet, and on the 23d of Mfly, sail- ed on the contemplated ent.crpri:>e. Theu«j§||||^ig took place on the 27th of the same month. Com- *■ modore Chauncey placed his vessels in tlie best position for annoying the batteries and- forte of the enemy, while the transports for crossing the ■:^. §■ ^ in b< oi ol t^ d Ui U] 'S b c tl a M t( a f ( t I t < I rE WAR. Afler this, how f honorable war, ? Af^crthis insult assume the corn- was taken of the IS for securing the era who amounted lace to be ^vacua- id his troops. Es- i by (.'ommodore jing and in annoy- ^he American loss tedto'%9, that of ing prisoners. Harbour, prepara- i on Fort George, 1 on the Niagara, ed the year before, he avmy embarked ) 23d of May, sail- rise. ThcJil^ig iarae month. Corn- vessels in tlie best tteries and- fort* of rts for crossing the # HISTORY OF TIIK LATE WAR. 6tf invading army passed the river. General Daar- borno, at this time in very ill-health, issued his orders from his bed, and the immediate direction of the attack, wa» entrusted to General Lewis, the next in command. Generals Chandler, Win- der, and Boyd, with their respective brigades, advanced to the shore with unshaken firmness under a heavy fire. The advance under Cola. ' Scott and Forsyth, having effected a landing, and being assisted by the fire from the ships, soon cleared the batteries. But the British throwing themselves into a ravine, completely arrested for a time, the progress of the Americans. After a warm eugagement, they were at last compelled to retire, and the whole line of fortifications was abandoned. As soon as sufflciont tbrce was formed, they advanced to the assault of Fort George, which they found hastily abandoned with the flag still flying, which was torn down by Col. Scott and Major Hindman. The retreartbg ene- my was pursued some distance by Captain Biddle and some other active officers. Upwards of 500 Canadian militia surrendered their arms, and were permitted to depart on parole: 108 of the regulars were killed,, and 276 wounded and taken prisoneri. The Iw <>« our sidyvas 39 kUled, '*' i^^^^S^^'^"' w HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. f £■ and 111 wounded. The next day. Fort Erie and all the remaining BritiBli fortifications were blown up. The british collecting their forces, amounted to 1300 men, retreated towards tiie head of the lake, at the upper end of tho rJurlinfjton Bay. If closely pursued, they must iiievifabiy fail into the hands of tiie Americans, and thus would be ter- minated the contests along the North Western frontier. On the ist of June, Generals Chandler and Winder, were despatched with nearly double the force, to effect the all-important object This force advanced to Stony creek, where they en- camped, in expectation of being able to overtake the enemy next day. The-so finding no hope of escaping but through a night attack, about one o'clock the same night rushed suddenly upon the main guard, and raising a dreadful shout, ran to- wards the main body of the Americans, who were lying on their arms, and being roused by this, tho 85th regiment was instantly formed and gave the enemy the first fire. But the darkness of the night, and the clouds of smoke rendering it im- possible to distingyish objects, somo coqflision ensued. A number of the British becam« inter* mixed with th^mericari artillerists, and the two. Ai ta br th «■! C( n( w si B et is re g< A w r< Is al - hi tl h tl n ai idiM LATE WAR. next day, Fort Erie sh fortifications were sir forces', ntnounted ards tlie head of the ? Rurlinf»ton Bay. If inevitably fail into the id thus would be ter- : tlio North Western c, Generals Chandler od with nearly double portant object This reek, where they en- eing able to overtak& so finding no hope of ht attack, about ono ed suddenly upon the readful shout, ran to- ^mericans, who were tig roused by this, the ■ formed and gave the the darkness of the noke rendering it im- Bcts, Bomo coqilimon British becanMi inters ■tilleriete, and the two. HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. 71 American Uencrals, while endeavoring to ascer- tain the cause, were taken prisoners. At day- break the American army were found entire, but the enemy had retreated in grent disorder, their spirits coniplelij^y broken by this unexpected re- ception, and now giving up all for lost. Unfortu- nately for UH, no otlicer was left to command, whose station was such as to warrant the respon- sibility of imrsuing the vanquished enemy. Col. Brun, on u conbultatiou witli his officers, resolv- ed on a retreat, whicli was effected, and the Brit- ish under general Vincent, soon after receiving reinforcements, were enabled to maintain their ground. The absence of Commodore Cimuncy, and the American forces from Jacket's Harbour, had well nipU given an opportunity to the British of retaliating the recapture of York. Towards the latter end of JNIay, the British squadron, with about 1200 men, suddenly appeared before the . harbour. The alarm was instantly given, and the regulars and militia posted in the neighbor- hoodTmstcned to the aid of those left to defend theploB which did^ict amount to one half the number of the assailant.-. Tlio command was assumed by general Brown of the militia. Thq ti if ti HISTORY or THE LATE WAR. niilitia under colonel Mills posted to oppoHc their landing, after one fire, fled in the most BJiameful manner, in spite of the eflbrts of their command- er. A more efficient resistance was made by tlie regulars under Colonel JBaccus, ttd Mojor Lav- oUe and Aspinwall, but who were compelled to retreat. In the mean time, General Brown hav- ing rallied the militia, fell on the enemy's rear, and compeDed them to fly with precipitntion, and were utterly discomfited. The American loss was 150 in killed and woanded; that of the Brit- ish, at least double that number. Sir George Provost, the Governor of Canada, retired, leav- ing his laurels behind him. Had this attack proved successful, the loss of the United States would liave been immense, as this place was the store-house of all military supplies, both for the uaval and land service. A considerable quantity of public stores were unfortunately destroyed 6y our own ofljcers under a belief that the enemy had obtained possession of the place. In the midst of these occurrences, which in general wore so briUiant oh appearance^e ex- perienced a severe reverse. Genera«iewie, who assumed tlio command after the res^nation of General Dearborne, finding himself infested the fix to th( C3< wi In tei lai to th th ht ei ^ ai S bi ki o V ntn^yr^ ■ .»-». LATE WAR. posted to oppoNC their in the most shameAil t8 of their command- ncc was made by the cus, «nd Major Lav- were compel!' d to General Brown hav- >n the enemy's rear, ith precipitntion, and The American loss led; that of the Brit- umber. Sir Georgo auada, retired, leav- Hnd this attack of the United States s this place was tho upplies, both for tho onsiderubie quantity inatcly destroyed by lief that the enemy 10 place. jurrenccs, which in appearancc^jye ex- 3> Gcnera^Kjewis, liler the resignation ing himself infected rflSTORY OP THE LATE WAS. 93 ty aoveral large detachments of the enemy in the neighborhood of Fort George, where he had fixed his head quarters, ordered Col. BoersUer to march with about 500 men and disperse one oi these at a place called La Louvre house. The Colonel had not proceeded half way, when he was assailed in front and rear by the British and Indians, and was compelled for some time to con- tend against very superior numbers. He was at last induced to surrender his whole force, greatly to the chagrin of the Americans at being thus thrown away to no purpose. But for this affair, the opening of the campaign in this quarter would have been regarded as far transcending our warm- est expectations of success. About this time the Six Nations declared war against the British, with a formal proclamation, and entered into an alliance with the United States, stipulating, however, to denounce their barbarous usages in battle, which they faithfully kept We now turn our attention for a moment to the Weahtrard, and the operations along the frontier of tRedOhio. In that quarter, a most glorious victory^crowned our arms early in the month of August Until that time, iprt Meigs had remain- G n HiaTORV OP THE LATE WA*. ed unmolested, while the Americans waited f«r the result of the naval war on Lake Erie, before the adoption of any Ulterior movement. Prbctor» dcsiraus of embarrassing the preparations of Harrison, and of opening the frontier to tho in- roads of his allies tho savages, giving them an opportunity of murdering tho sleeping bubo and helpless female, determined to destroy the diffe- rent forts which covered the settlements. Fort Stephf^nson, on tho Sandusky, was the first se- lected. To cover his real intention, he sent Tecumseh to make a push on fort Meigs, while he appeared before St Stephenson, and demanded it to surrender. The officer commanding it, was a youth of twenty-one years of ago. Major Croghun, who had already distinguished himself at tho siege of fort Meigs. Uc had received orders to abandon this place on tho approach of Ihe enemy, but taking all responsibility upon him- self, he boldly set tlie threats of the ungenerous enemy at defiance. The fort was surrounded with pickets and a rlitch about six feet wide. The assailants, consisting of regulars and In- dians, to tho number of 800, comncncUl the attack with several pieces of artillery, wilh which they attempted to make a breash. Mui those LATE WAli. Vmoricans waited ftiur on Lako Erie, before inovctnent. Prdctort the preparations of lie frontier to the in- igcs, giving them an lo sleeping babe and to destroy tlie diffe- e settlements. Fort ky, was the first so- 1 intention, he sent on fort Meigs, while enson, and demanded commanding it, was sars of age. Major distinguished himself . He had received e on the approach of ponsibility upon him- ts of the ungenerous ibrt was surrounded ibout six feet wide. of regulars w^ In- 00, comncnc^ the 'artillery, wiQi which breach. Wf^i those HISTORY or THE lATE WAR. '«* witliin securod the point at vrhich the artillery Z^d rectod bv placing bags of sand and even 7fio They now resolved to attempt the place bv storm. Colonel Short, with a column of 350 IL taking advantage of the smoke, presented rmJeiratfhe point before mentioned, andcrymg o MO l^B-en to follow him, and to give the a!lid Yankees no quarters, landed in the d.tch with nearly half of his men. His progress was Holr arreste-l man no could have cxpec ed. TTAmenoans, .vho were chiefly young volun- ,eer. '..ad carefully concealed a 8.x pounder, the only o.ie which they possessed in the basUon S protected that part of the ditch; the match :alputto it, and being loaded wUh slugs and musket balls, instantly cut U.e savage assailant, o pieces-, not one escaped the fatal p ace The rolling musketry at the same time, produced great ^tc among those who were still on the outsid. Tl.e assailaius ilcd, pursued by mdeserjbable terror, whde the Indians followed without darmg to east a glance behind. During the mght, .rre- gular firing was kept up, wh.le the humane and generous Americans diJ every thmg m the.r power to r<}lieve the wounded in the ditch. Ihe i^ext morning .the enemy disappeared m haste. 76 HISTORY or THE LATE WAR. E I li leaving behind a conaiderablo quantity of public stores. The lost* of tliu Uritisii exceeded 200 men, while the Americans had only a few wound* ed, and that while engaged in offering relief to the sufferers. Croghan and his brave comrades, Captain Hunter, Lieutenants Johnson, Baylor, Meoks, and Anthony, were hailed with tiie plaudits of their country. The first received the brevet rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the regular service. The Indians, after this defeat, were so disgusted with their allies, that they were about to abandon them. The frontier was completely protected fi'om further molestation. CHAPTER X. Capturi of tht BritUh Squadrm on Lake £m— Defeat of Proctor. CoMHODORB Perry, whose name now adorns the page of our history, was entrusted, at tho commencement of the spring, with the important task of creating a force to oppeo the British, l_ ATE WAR. 3 quantity of public itish exceeded 200 i only a few wound* in oflbring relief to comrades, Captain n, Baylor, Meeks, ith the plaudits of ived the brevet rank le regular service, were so disgusted re about to abandon impletely protected X. •mi on Lake Erit— ctor. name now adorns B entrusted, at tho with tho important •Pf 'tso th« British. HISTORY or TUB LATB WAR "^ who since tho surreiulor of Hull, had rode tri- umphant or. Eri«. The trees th.U prcw on its shores were commanded to descend upon the waves, and \mn our sailors to meet the haughty foo. Uy the last of August, n fleet was provided, consisting of the following vesscls-the Law- rence of 21 guns, Niagara of 20, Caledonian of 3, Ariel of 4, Scorpion and Somcrs, each of 2, Tigress, Trippe and rorut cariying on hos- ier. She had threat- B American sea-port the country. She >y these barbarous B Poictiers made ber Bf and (:cnding out » of maruh'ling war> Eite citizens was the (y the rules of war, non-combatants are ions of war. With- which they fought, ho inhabitants of the I, the c(^nmandcr of HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. ^ the sqtiadron, made a demand on the inhabitants of Lowistown for wnter and provisions, and on being refused, he made an ineffectual attempt to obtain them by compulsion, by bombarding the place. The militia under Col. Davis and Major Hunter, manfully resisted every attack. From the Delaware they proceeded to the Aesapeake, where their course was marked by the most lawless depredations and conflagrations. The genius of history blushes as she records them. There is not one solitary act of benevo- lence or magnanimity, to rescue the character of the British oflScers and seamen from the dark dis- grace. Indiscriminate havoc was every were committed. One of their first exploits was plun- dering and destroying the small village of French- town, a place of mercantile deposit, and transit on Elk river. From Frenchtown they proceeded to Havre de Grace, whore they perpetrated the grossest outrages on decency and humanity with- out the slightest pretext. , Every house of this little village was consigned to the flames, and a scene of most disgraceful plunder was acted, in which officers and men were mingled alike; the plunder consisted of household furniture, bed clothes, pans and spoons!— They burnt and de- H3 90 HISl'ORY OF THE LATE WAR. stroycd many valuable nianufucteries, after whfch they went to the next village church, not to ask forgivenotia of their ains but in order to wreak their vengeance on this peaceful dwelling, by do- facing it in the moat Bhumefnl manner. After this they perpetrated the same acts on the two villages of Fredericktown and Georgetown. T^ unworthy warfare continued until the latter fm of June, when their movements indicated an at- tack upon the town of Norfolk. On the lower part of the bay, the militia on several occasions bravely put the marauders to flight. The Virgini- anf< and Marylanders were frequently called out from their houses, and much harassed through the whole season, from the continually shilling scene of the war. The coast is so much inter- sected with creeks and rivers, that it was impos- sible for any force to move rapidly from one point to another, to repel this desultory warfar*;. The great object, being the defence bf Norfolk, the troops were kept in the neighborhood of that pl&ce, and there was no considerable naval force to protect the waters. This place was committed to the charge of General Taylor, of the militia of Virginia. No ■one could be more capable of providing the nu- I \9 11 LATE WAR. factories, nftar whfch (0 church, not to ask t in order to wreak ;ofuI dwelling, by do- lefnl manner. After inie acts on the two id Georgetown. TJm until the latter pfft ints indicated an at- folk. On the lower >n several occasions flight. The Virgini- frequently called out h harassed through continually shilling ist is so much inter- B, that it was impos- apidly from one point dtory warfari.'. The 3nce bf Norfolk, the eighborhood of that siderable naval force !d to the charge of tia of Virginia. No of providing the nu- H18TORV OF THE LATE WAR. 9i merou. minute precautions for executing the plan, requisite to be adopted. The town of Norfolk was happily saved by the valor of the marines, and the state of Virginia relieved from a mo.t dangerous enemy; for had possession been taken of this place, the enemy could have done them incalculable mischief. Wherever the enemy met I steady resistance from the regular troops or mi' a, after this, they retreated precipitately to boats, -or returned to their fleet. The chief leader in this warfare, so dishonorable to the British nation, was Admiral Cockburn, whose conduct was on every occasion, that of a fero- cious, unfeeling buccanier. .HI On the 2lBt of June, the movements mcidated an attack on Craney Island, and on the next day they landed upwards of 200 men, for the purpose of assailing the batteries on the west end of the Island. Shortly after the debarkation of these troops; forty-five or fifty boats filled with sailors and marines, left the shipping and approached he norUi side of the Island. Thenaval force of the United States, united in the defence of the post The enemy was completely beaten ofl". His loss was not less than 200, besides deserters. Four or five barges were sunk. The Centipede, 50 02 HlftTORY or THE F,ATE WAR. feet long, Admiral Warren- n boat, with 24 oar* waa captured, with '^ prisoners, a brass three pounder, and a );,iuiber of uviiskets, pistols and cutlasttos. Forty [! v^^h des«! i i-s were brought in, and many others tcitif. r!isi^>,i.l\ 'eral of them actually died in consequence- of the shocking treatment they receive^. A poqr B i [ATK WAR. boat, witli 24 oara Incra, a brass three r ifuketN, pistols and ! -8 were brought ^i . cd through the I'c in,oa lost on the thin inglorious A- 9 to his thirst for re- nllage of Hampton, he 25th of June, ho k gallant resistance a few regulars who taken. The scene any thing before act- with whom wo had lould be held up to r that the condemna- ivent the recurrence eoplo. The utmost in the treatment of ell into the power of their respectability d by ruffians, and in consequence of receive^. A poc^r i i ^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) '■ 1.0 I.I IM 12^ US *■ ■^ Itt |Z2 li ■it 1 IL25 1 u_ III.6 ^ 6" ► HiotograiM: Sciences Corporalion 23 WIST MAIN STMIT WnSTIR,N.Y. 145M (716) •72-4503 \ V s> -_.. !*maaMamiimM 6^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. :i: CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historlques HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. ^ old man, eick a-bed, was set upon by tlicm and shot in the arms of his aged wife, who was also wounded, and their faithful dog was put.to death. The sick in the hospitals were not spared, and every act of savage violence was committed, ap- parently without any attempt to restrain the per- petrators. A letter on the subject of this infa- mous conduct, so deeply implicating the character of the British nation, was addressed by General Taylor to Sir Sidney Beckwith, who at first sta- ted that it was in retaliation for the shooting a man at Craney Island, while he hung to a barge that had overset. A Court of Inquiry was imme- diately instituted, which completely disproved the charge; on this being communicated to Sir Sid- ney, he sent a verbal reply, that he was sorry for the excesses committed by his troops, but that he would in future prevent the falling into such con- duct. A savage chieftain could have alleged the same kind of excuse, for the ungovernable war- riors whom he led. The subject underwent an examination before a committee of Congress, who reported upon it in terms as strong as language could express them. Having thus given an account of what hap- pened on the coast, a war which redounded so . .*^^:^--»w^ *^r"' 94 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. little to tJie honor of England, wo shall pass in review the important war of the >Sonth with the Creek Indians, which was closely connected with -0\e hpstilities with England. Very soon after the coinmencemcnt of the war, the Seminole Indians ■on Ih^ borders of Georgia, with a number of run- ajray negroes began to make inroads, and to in- fest the frontiers. On the 11th of September, 1812, Captain Williams, of the marines, convoy- ing some wagons, loaded with military supplies, was attacked by a party of these people, and compelled to retreat with the loss of several hundred men, himself receiving a wound of which he afterwards died. Towards the close of the same month. Col. Norman, with about 120 Geor- gia volunteers, proceeded towards the Latchway towns, with a view of chastising the savages. He was attacked by a large body of Indians, and after a sharp conllict compelled them to fly, lea- ving their king, Paine, on the ground; after re- peated efforts to regain the dead body, they at length succeeded by bringing up additional num- bers, after which they moved off. They soon after returned, however, with a still more power- ful party; the (ieorgians apprehending this, had hastily thrown up a breast work, in which they \TE WAR. [1, wo sliall pass in tlie vSontli with the scly connected with Very soon after the c Seminole Indians tha number of run- inroads, and to in- llth of September, le marines, convoy- :h military supplies, ■ these people, and he loss of several ig a wound of which ds the close of the ith about 120 Geor- vards the Latchway tising tiie savages, odyof Indians, and ed them to fly, lea- e ground; after re- dead body, they at ; up additional num- ed off They soon I a still more power- irehending this, had rork, in which they HISTORY OF TIIF. LATE WAR. 95 were closely besi.irod. The s.ege wan kept up for .some dui's, nniil they found it impn8sd)le to do anything, on wl.irh they retired, but returned m a little while under the belief from the stdlntss which reigned in the camp that the Americans had abandoned it. On crow.ling up to it they were saluted witli a volley or two which sent them howling to the woods. After this the Georgians decamped and reached the place from whence they set out after cncauntcring no small degree oflatigue. This aftairhad a most favorable op- eration on the minds of the savage., who were thenceforth exceedingly shy of the settlors. A more serious wtir broke out in the course of the veav 1S13, with the Creek nation. Ihc American government had taken great pams to .ivilize thi.. people, and had spared no expense to eflee< this bun ano object. Hnt its endeavor- had met with no more than a P^^t'^> ^"'';7«;, ^^ n.anvof the nat.es obstinately adhered to theu Indian manners, and violently opposed the intro- Auctions of the acts of civilization. The cele- brated Tccumseli had paid them a v.s.t in ^vhlch he threw among them additional causes of dis- cord. A civil war took place and the savag. part of the nation proving the strongest, the re9t^;ere 90 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. either compelled to fly, or to join those who were for war with the United Statcsi. A wonderful de- gree of superstition and fanatacism were brought into play on the occasion ; led to believe by their priests or magicians, they would certainly defeat us by the assistance of their potent cliarms. The crcdul /»s creatures were persuaded by these con- jurers, to destroy all their cattle, so that there should be nothing among them tiiat wore the appearance of civilization. They were further stimulated by the British agents, who also gave them some supply of arms, and made them pro- mises of assistance. It was not, however, until towards the close of August that hostilities open- ly commenced on their part ; but this was a com- mencement of the most shocking kind. Foreseeing the coming storm, the settlers on the Mobile and Alabama had collected in small forts or stations, erectc d for their security. At one of these called fort Miras, about 300 persons, men, women and children had taken refuge. — It was defended by Major Bcasly, of the Missis- sippi Territory, with about 130 volunteers. A party of 500 Creeks suddenly appeared before this place and attacked it at noonday. Unfortu- nately the gate happened to be open, and the In- LATE WAR. a join those who were test. A wonderful de- latncism were brought led to believe by their would certainly defeat ir potent charms. The 3r8uaded by these on- r cattle, so that there [ them tiiat wore tho They were further igcnts, who also gave , and made them pro- as not, however, until it that hostilities open- t ; but this was a com- tcking kind, storm, the settlers on liad collected in small for their security. At rns, about 300 persons, J had taken refuge. — Bcasly, of the Missis- it 130 volunteers. A denly appeared before at noonday. Unfortu- 3 be open, and the In- IIISTORY OF THE L,\TE WAR. O? dians rushed towards it witii a hideous shout. The Major attempted to clossc tlic gate, and act- c.l bravely wliil^tlifo rrmmned, but lie soon fell mortally wounded. 'I'lie Indians were at length repelled Hitli tho exception of a few who had ta- ken the block-house, iVom which they were after some lime dislodf^ed. A second assault was now made which unhappily proved more successful. A breach was made in the pickets, and the sava- ges gained possession of the arcaofthe fort, but not without loss. From tho houses or barracks in which the troops bad taken shelter, a fight was still kept up for some time, but they succeeded in settinjr fire to the roofs. Dreadful were the ago- nizing shrieks of the wretched victims of this in- fernal tragedy. With the exception of a few pri- vates who made their escape over tho pickets, the whole of these unhappy people perished by savage violence, or were consumed by the ilamcs. This altrocious outrage demanded a prompt re- taliation. The Indians having thus wantonly vi- olated the peace which had been for so many years established between them and tho wliitcs, the governments of the nearest states, of Georgia and Tennessee, anver this desperate and onerals Floyd of Geor- acksoii, of Tennessee, on humbled them into Gen. Jackson brought inted riflemen and cav- jtrutcd the Creek coun- Dvember, he detached it 900 men to destroy where a considerable ad assembled. A party out, which completely IS (suddenly found them- the whole American niSTOUY OF THE I.ATE WAR 99 force They notwithatanding fought with aston- ishing desperation, but at last wore compelled to retreat to their village, where they contmued their resistance, obstinately refusing quarters un- til every one perished. The women and children of the villag.', to the number of eighty, were ta- ken prisoners. Coflee had five men kdled, and 41 slightly wounded. In the morning of the 7th, a friendly Indmn brought intelligence to Gen. Jackson, that about thirty miles below his camp, there was a number of Creeks collected at a place called Talledega, engaged in besieging some friendly Indians, who must inevitably perish unless speedily relieved. He marched at 12 o'clock the same night, at the head of 1200 men, and arrived withm six miles of the place next evening. At midnight he again advanced, and at 7 o'clock was within a mile of the enemy. Having approached almost unperceived, within 80 yards of the Indians, the battle commenced on their part with great fury, but being reimbed on all sides, they attempted to make their escape, but soon found themselves inclosed ; but two companies at first giving way, a space was left through which a con||ieiab!a number of U»o enemy escaped, and were puleucd /r u I 4 100 HISTOIIY OF THE LATF, WAR. to llie mountains with great bldfcl^htor. In tliis fiction the Aniorican Ions w;is 15 killeil jiinl 80 wounded. Thfit of llio Creck» was Httlu >*hort of .100; thoir Whole force exceudod KMK). (icncrni CooIk;, who conunundod the other di- vision of Tennessee loihtia, on tlic lltli detacli- ed (len. White from fort nriiiHtrong, wh(;re ho was encamped, against the lioslilc towns on tlie Tal- lapooso River. After marcliinr!; the wliolc night of the 17tii, lie surprised tv town at day-hglit, con- taining upwards of 300 warriors, CO of wliom were killed and the rest taken prisoners. Hav- ing burnt .several of their villages which had been deserted, lie returned on the ;j:3d, without loosing a single man. The Georgia militia, under G'cn. Floyd, advan- ced into the Creek country, about the last of tho month. Receiving information that great num- bers of Indians were coUerted on the Autossco towns, on the Tallapoosc river, a place they call- ed their beloved ground, and where, according to their prophets, no white man could molest them, Gen. Floyd, placing himself at the head of 90O militia, and 400 friendly Creeks, marched from his cMMnpmcnt on the Catahouchic. On the cvciii^f tho 3Sth, ho encamped within ten mile« I LATF. WAR. cat sl^bghtcr. In this was 15 killed jiii.l 80 rroelvM was Httlc f*Ii'jrl excfcdod lOiK). inun;ind(Ml the other di- lia, on the lltli dctach- iiiHtrfing, whore ho was jlilc towns on tl»e Tal- rcliinr; the wliolc night I town at day-hglit, con- warriors, CO of whom akcn prisoners!. Ilav- villafjps wiiicii had been ho ;j:3d, without loosing idcrGen. Floyd, advan- •y, about the last of tho nation that great num- lierted on the Autot-sco 1 river, a place they cuU- and where, according to man could molest them, self at the head of 90O Creeks, marched from Catahouchic. On tho icnnipod within ten mile« HISTORY or Tiir. i..\Tr. war. lO* of the place, and resuming his march at 1 o'clock, he reached tiie towns altout six, and commenced an attack upon both at the same moment. HIh troops were met by the Indians with fjroat brave- ry; and it was not until nt>er a Neverc battle, that they were forced by his musketry and bayonets, to fly to the thickets and copse in the rear of tht) towns. In the course of three hours, tho enemy was completely defeated, and the villages iii flames. Eleven Americans were killed and 50 wounded, among the latter, the (General himself; of the enemv, it is s.ipposcd, that besides tho Autossee and Tallnssee kings, upwards of 200 were killed. This just retribution, it was hoped, would bring^ these wretched creatures to a proper sense ot their situation; but unfortunately it had not this effect; thev still persisted in their hostditics against us. " In the month of December, General (51aiborne marched a detachment against the towns of Eccanachaca, on the Alabama nvcr. On the 23d, he came suddenly upon them, kdled 30 of their warriors, and after destroying their villages, returned with a trifling loss. ^ After the battle of Talledega, GenerafJAkson was loft with but a handful of men, in conac- I 2 J UH HISTORY OP THE I.ATE WAR. qiicncc of the term of tlic militia having cxpircJ. On tlio 1 1th of January, lie wan fortunately rein- forced by S(K) voluntecrH from TennnsHce, and noon after hy several hundred friendly Indians. lie was shortly after joined hy (ien. Coflbc, with u number of olliecrN, his militia having also re- turned home. On the 17th, with a view of making a diversion in favor of (ien. Floyd, and at the same time to relievo fort Armntronp, which was ' \ (suid to bo threatened, he penetrated the Indian country. On the evening of the 2lst, believing bimHclf, frnn? iippeanmccH, in tho vicinity of a large body of Indians, he encamped with great precaution, and placed himself in tho best attitude ofdefonce. About day-light he was furiously nttnvked, and after a severe contest, the Creeks were compelled onco more to yield. They fled in every direction. Cicneral .Tackson being apprehensive of anoth- er attack, fortified his camp for the night ; the next day fearing a want of provisions, ho found i III ! it necessary to retreat, and before night, reached : ' Enotachopco, having i)assed a dangerous defile withoutJBterruption. In tho morning, he had to cross ^lefile still more dangerous, where he might expect an attack; he therefore determined \* E LATE WAR. ) militia luiving expired, lie wuM forliinatciy rcin- H I'roin TennnsHce, nnJ iidri'-d frifiully Indians, 0(1 by (icu. t'oflec, with militia iiaviiig also ro- I, with a view of making ien. Floyd, and at the Arnwtronp, which was 3 |»enetrated the Indian g of the 21st, believing :cH, in the vicinity of n ic encamped with great msclf in the best attitude •light he was furiouHly ^ere contest, the Creeks loro to yield. They fled li apprehensive of anoth- :amp for the night ; the of provisions, ho found ind before night, reached issed a dangerous defde u the morning, he had to re dangerous, where he he therefore determined HISTORY (»F THE LATE WAR. 103 to pa«H at Home other point, 'r»>--^i^;;i;;::: arrangement, having heen made lor the d.Hi^ '^ of his force in cane of an attack, he mo el f wizard, the paH« which ho had Bcected. T If nt guard, with part of the llauUoolamn.. ^LwUh the wounded, had .earc.y|.o«.e the creek when the alarm was g^vea n the nven Ick on in^mediatelv gave orders lor h.s r.gh • ml 1 a columns to wheel on the.r p>vot and ^KHsing the str.,.an, above and below, a.sad the fljril rear ofthe enemy. lV.t to inna^^^^^^^ Inent and mortification, when tlu. word wn- l^e columns to n.rm. at.d a Ibw p.n^^^^^^ fired, thev precipitately gave wav. Th. .n.,r cou,.ablemghthadvvclln.ghproj f.t.. t ,lrew along with it the greater part of the contro ::nm,le'avingnotmoretl.an25men,w..l2«g formed by Colonel Carroll, mamtamed Ihcr ;: ndfo^timeagain.toverwlun.ngJuun. bcrs Al! that could now be opposed to the ene ;; were th. few who remained of the re.r guard n>c artdery con,pany, and Capt. Bupel s compa- ^y of sis. Their conduct, however, was adm.- X%.icut. Armstrong, vvith the utmostc.o- nesH and intrepidity, dragged, w. h ft^e a.s taneo of a few more, the sis pounder up the hdl,. 104 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. «- although exposed to a heavy fire; and having gained his position, loaded the piece with grape, and fired it with such effect, that after a few dis- charges the enemy were repulsed. The Indians were pursued for several miles by Col. Carrol, Col. Higgins and Captains Elliott and Pinkins. Capt. Gordon of the spies, had partly succeeded in turning their flank, and by this impetuous charge, tended to restore the day. The Ameri- cans now continued their march without further molestation. In these different engagements, 20 Americans were killed and 75 wounded; in the last battle 180 of the Creeks were slain. Gen. Floyd, who was advancing from the Cata- houchie, was attacked in his camp by a large bo- dy of Indians, an hour before day. They stole upon the sentinals, fired upon them, and then rushed with great impctuoaity towards the line. The action soon became general: the front of both (lanks were closely pressed, but the firm- ness of the officer-: and men repelled theii as- saults at every point. As soon as it became suf- ficiently light General Floyd strengthened his right wing, and formed his cavalry in the rear, then directed a charge ; the enemy were driven before the bayonet, and being pursued by the ".a~ J "wnw? HE LATE WAR. heavy fire; and having led the piece with grape, fleet, that after a few dis- ) repulsed. The Indians al miles by Col. Carrol, tins Elliott and Pinkins. ies, had partly succeeded and by this impetuous •e the day. The Ameri- ir inarch without further lifferent engagements, 20 and 75 wounded; in the eeks were slain, advancing from the Cata- a his camp by a large bo- lefore day. They stole 3d upon them, and then ;tuoaity towards the line, le general: the front of y pressed, but the firm- men repelled theii as- lS soon as it became suf- Floyd strengthened his his cavalry in the rear* tlie enemy were driven i being pursued by the HISTORY or THE LATK WAR. ^^ cavalry, many nriWm were killed. The I os. of G n Vloyd was 17 killed .nd 132 woundod.- Thut of tl e Indian, could not be aHCCvta.uea ; .37 .^e^varriors wore lea dead on the nod, >ui ;\vu» thought their 10.S was very ronsidorable. It mi"htl.c supposed that these repeatc.1 uo- fo. ts m "ht tend to destroy the inaueucc of tW P.: aS prophet, among th. unhappy Creekn ; but tl oy s ill persisted in .he most unaccountable man in clploting their own ru>n. General Hk on having received considerable remforc^ menHTrom Tennessee, and being ,omed y tU Sns «et out on an expedition to the Tallapoo- he.', lie Foceeded from the Coose on tho oith of March reached tho sov.thern cxtronu y : the New Youca on the ;J7th, at a place cad d c se-1 oe bend of the Coose, where the creo.s had d rtcd a strong natural position, and hav.ng tiSi, awaited tl.oat.ackoftheirenem.es r ,m,stwork had boon thrown up acres, tho neck, of considerable strength and compactne.«^ tC area thu. enclosed by the breastjvorks, wa- m. short of one hundred acres. The warr.orj 'i Oakfuskee, Oakshaya, H.Uebcos ho ^«h Ponds, and Eupata towns, had collected the>r force at this place, .. number ««eedm8 a .boo- eaiul. 100 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. GeneralJackson finding that his arrangementa were now complete, at length yielded to tlie eam- •st solicitations of his men to be led on to the charge. The regular troops, led by Col. Will- iams and Major Montgomery, were in a moment in possession of the nearest part of the breast- works ; the militia accompanied them with equal firmness and intrepidity. Having maintained for a few minutes a very obstinate contest, muzzle to muzzle, through the port holes, they succeeded in gaining the opposite side of the works. The event could no longer be doubtful; the enemy although many of them fought with that kind of bravery which desperation inspires, were cut in pieces. The whole margin of the river, which surrounded the peninsula, was strewed with the slain. Five hundred and fifty-seven were found, besides those thrown into the river by tlieir friends, or drowned in attempting to escape. Among tho (jlain was their great prophet Manahoe, and two others of less note. About 300 women and chil- dren were taken prisoners. Jackson's loss was 26 white men killed and 107 wounded ; 18 Cher- okees killed and 36 wounded; and 5 friendly Creeks killed and 11 wounded. This most decisivo victory put on snd to th« : LATE WAR. that his arrangementa ;th yielded to tlie earn- en to be led ou to the ops, led by Col. Will- ery, were in a moment !st part of the breast- )anied them with equal Having maintained for tinate contest, muzzle t holes, they succeeded le of the works. The ) doubtful; the enemy ught with that kind of 1 inspires, were cut ia in of the river, which was strewed with the fifty-seven were found, ic river by tlieir friends, escape. Among the let Manahoe, and two 1 300 women and chil- Jackson's loss was )7 wounded ; 18 Cher- nded; and 5 friendly ided. tory put an end to th« HISTORY or THE LATE WAR. IW Creek war. The spirit and power of these mis- guided men were completely broken; Jackson soon after scoured the countries on the Coose and Tallapoose ; a party of the enemy, on the lat- ter river, on his approach, fled to Pensacola.- Thc greater part of the Creeks now came forward and threw themselves at the mercy of the victors. A detachment from North and South Carohna, under the command of Colonel Pearson, scoured the country on Alabama, and received the submis- f.ion of a great number of Creek warriors and tlieir prophets. In the course of the summer, a treaty of jieace was dictated to them by Jackson. They agreed to yield a portion of their country as an mdeinni- ty for the expencesof the war; they conceded the privilege of opening roads through their country, and navigating their rivers; they stipulated to hold no intercourse with any Britisher Spanish post or garrison, and to deliver up the property they had taken from the whites and friendly Indi- ans. The General, on the part of the U. States, undertook to guarantee their territory, to restore all their prisoners, and in consideration of their destitute situation, to furnish them gratmtously with the necessaries of life until they could pro- 1 1 s? 108 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAK. vJdo for themselves. They nlso engaged to es- lablipli trading houses, and endeavor to bring back tho nation to their lormer state. ' CHAPTER XII. .Vat'fl/ afairs— War carried on against the Eat- .*.' tern States. In thn course ot'tho year 1S13, an American squadron cDn'sisllng ul" the United States, Com- modore Ditcutur, tiie Macedonian, Capt, Jones, j.ml tiic- hloop of war Hornet, Capt. Biddlc, was l,l(.(kiided in the harbour of New-York, by a Eirong isquadron ol' the enemy. Ader making several attempts to escape and proceed on a crur/.c, Ihcy ran through tho sound, but were immediate- ly pursued, and »o closely as to be compelled to run into the harbour of New-London. Hero tho frigates were towed up the river as far as practi- cable, and a military force called out to protect them. The frigates were detained in this place during almost the whole of the war. On the 29th of April, 1814, Captain Warring- ton, of the United States sloop of war Peacock. fell in with, and captured the British sloop of war IE LATE WAR. icy nlso engaged to es- inil endeavor to bring jrmcrfttute ER XII. ried on againzt the Ecf tati'S. year 1S13, an American he United States, Com- icodonian, Capt. Jones, )rnet, Capt. Biddle, was mr of New-York, by a eni^my. Aller making ; and proceed on a cruize, [id, but were immediate- ly as to be compelled to ^Jew-London. Hero th(s iie river as far as practi- rce called out to protect 3re detained in this place of the war. 1814, Captain Warring- 8 sloop of war Peacock, 1 the British sloop of war HISTORY OP TllK I.ATE WAR. 109 Epcrvier, ratine and mountine; eighteen 32 pound carronades, with a crow of 1.J8 men In the ac- tion the Eporvior had 11 killed and lu wounded, among the latter her first lieutenant, severely. Un board of the Peacock, n provoke the »ri"ti:b f,ioaie to a h-'ngle combat, without 8uccej4Tf)KY OF TIIF. l.ATK WAR. iia ,lruc-k oa pas^inil the t.ur, an.l wa. detamed for two hours bv wliicU m.'i.iis th.- return ol a 'L"pletelo,.iutl.owat..r. Uv th.s tuue the oth- L Ips hau co.u- uu. .nd the I'.osulent was com- pellrd to surren.U.r. T\n; l^esulcnt losi . k. led and 60 wound.vl. Nothmjr ui pouit ot navjl re- nowu was lost bv America m thw atlair. The, Hornet. C.ptain l5iddlo. near the island of TriHtan d'AeuuLa, fell '"^V^'r^t" .if'isrs action of ;i'2 mimtes. on the y:}d ol Mareh, 1815, captured lus Ikitauic Ma.ies.y". bng Poiigxun, t'aot. Dickenson. The captured vessu had 14 killed and '2^ wounded, (.^ipt.uu Uiadle was tounded m the necK, after the Penpun had sur- reudered, au ^M^t which so irritated the crew, that t w aswith grc.t ddViculty it c<.uld be restrained from refusing .luarters to the ene.ay '>e«^ Conner, a brave officer, was severely ^^M. Tiie fii^ate Constitution returned to tho Lmted State., alkr a loufr cruise after the ces«»t.on ol hostilities. On the 'iOth of February 1815. l.apt. Stewart was attacked bv two heavy sloops ot war. Notwithstanding the advantage which they po*- se-scd of being able to take rakmg position*, un- K.2 HI !IIST<»1{V OF Tin: LATK WAR. IcsN biitlliHl liy (111- iiliiiiiHt I xrrlioii 1)1° .skill; both were Ciipliiicil, und |irovfieps in order to resume the regular |ilaii of our narrative. During the last year of the war, the leiuenry at tir.st practiced tow ards tiio tiastern states, wa.s succeeded by acts of Im^itdity, although not of so lawless a character, yet suHiciently rigorous to make them feel the war. An opportmiity wus alforded the inhabitants of convincing the eoimnon enemy, that disaffection to the Union was the last thing thought of by tho people, whatever t-emimenls might be privately entertained by a few. Commodore Hardy was gallantly resisted at Stonington, a small village, at which a few militia had been hastily collected. A heavy bombardment was kept up for 48 hours. tun mi K LATi; WAR. : 4'xtrlioii of Nkill; both i| to l)»! till' s\i\\> ('van*', (if tliiity-I'mir Uti pound l.cviint, C";ipHiin Dou- iid rarrnuiiJos, imil two tliir (.'injiiiv, tlin loss was led. Tlu'; Coiistitntion ivtmiidfil. Ciipt. iStcw- Port I'liivii, in Marcli; nnd(;r and tlio NowcaB- pfain iippi'flicndinj; that to ilso neutrality of tho M iiis cs(;a])e witli his so iiu Biicc.ecded in (jot- •• Levant was compelled II! was caijtiired in \ lo- tions. Tliis coiii^Iudes laie war; wo now turn rcfiunio the regular plan ' the war, the lenienry tho t]astern Hlate.s, wa.s iility, alliioughnot of" so suHiciently rigorous to jrded the inhabitants of f;neniy, that disatfection tliin|[f thought of by tho Ills might be privately -ommodore Hardy was ington, a small village, I been hastily collected. aa kept up for 48 hours, I!!MTe. Ma.'hias. and other villager l.ctween the I'eu.^l.sco. and the T.ay ot »»s^^ properly belonged; this at the conclusion of tho war, jr-ivc rise to an article of the treaty. In conse till) irihiib.tatilH aloii^ tin! .\i!i;;;irn tVuiiticr, ami wliicli i'ii,'il>l(!(l tlif Hiitidli tn t;iko poHsi'ssion cif tho Aiii'ricaii turi, t!ui loi'C'i lai Ixtih nkIcs ri'tirrd into winter (|iiartt'rH. Mutliiiis of importaricH Uidk pliici' uiiiil III.' ii^ioniiiir cif ilic c .iinpai^n to- ivarils tii(> Itittcr eiiil ol'.Miucli. ticiiorai Wilkin- son, (iiiditiK tliat a laii,'(! lioily of tlio onfiny luul Ic'cn oolicctt'il nl liU ('i)!o. iiiiiicluMl a conHiilcru- bli.- piirlidii ol'hiw ani)\, liir tlin [iiirpoisn of attack- ing; his po.sition. 'I'liuv liad ioitilicil a stoiii^ inill and I ic'trrl otiicr dcHMiccs. An ci^litcrri poun- der wa.s attempted to be lirouRlit up hy the (ieno- ra!. lait not Hiirccfdiiii; in t!iis, a twelve |)oiindi'r waH i>iiilii:,titutpd. After a fair oxpcrinieiit of tlio strcn^tit of llio toitre«is, and repulsing a sortie by thfi oiieniv, in wliieli Captainn Larabic and M'I'lierr'tii \Ncic wounded, a rrtrcat took place. The llio n iViintKT, iiiiil uliirli possession «)!' tlio II l)(illi nkIcn ri'tiri'il liin^ of iiiiportaru'o teur imy part of Canada from the Urili-h; the iilniost that .•onid be exiieeted, was to ent olV all eoiiiiiium- .atioii beiwi.n th.' I'l^er and Lower IVovme.s. The UritiHh had availed themselveH oi tlie repoMO ,if the winter, to eoustrnel at an eimrmous ex- ponse. several larjie vessels for I-aKes ( liamplam Li Ontario. Ahl.ongh the VinU-A StateMad not ne<'leeted tli.- aiif^mentalion of the naval loree Ihc^y found ihrnis.dves at the eommeneemei.t ol the scanon unable to eope with the enemy. Com- modore IMiatinicy was therefore eoinpe led to lie by until the beginninfi of summer. )<■ ore lio could be in a situation to eo-operati; with the lanii forceH. , , ,^ Several smaller aflairs. however, ocenrrcd to onlivcn tho sc«ne. On the 6th of May, sir J. is Lucas Yeo, with four sliipH, and other vessels ol considerable force, appeared before ()swego, with a view of intercepting the stores and neees- «nrv equipmcntH for the Superior, then building at Saeket's Harbor. The place was coinmanded bv Lieutenant Colonel Mitchell, with about .UM> ,nen, nssisted by Capt. Hoylc with a party of sai- lors and the Growler's crew under Lieut. 1 earce. They were ho warmly received by the \ nnkecB, that their boats were compelled to fall back with ull possible precipitation. Not content with tins. (.1 118 jiisTouv OF TUF, i.ATr: War. they approafilied tlio next day with ;J0(){( men, and oovorinJ tiuur liindiiig with llieir sliips. Those wt-ri! hiiiuisoniely pepperod as they tiiow near, and after laliini^ po-session of tiie j)hice with the loss of ',1W men, they found to tiieir inexpressi- ble mortilicution, that the stores liud already been remover], except one barrel of wiiiskey, which they indisniinlly stove, and nufU^rcd to be swal- lowed by die thirsty earth. Sometime after this, Captain Woolsey having brought to at the moutii of Oswego creek, with the military stores lor fSackct'.s Harbor, received intelligence from hi** look-ont boats, that a flotilla of Britif^h gun vessel?* luul chased tiiem. in con- cert with Col. .\ppling, a plan of decoying the enemy, who it appoartul, was commanded by Captain Popham, was for:ned. The look-out boat shewing itself, w;is closely pursued into tho creek. Colontd Applin;i;'s riilenien having been concealed in the edge of the bank, suddenly shewed themselves, and discharged a volley upon the British, who immediately surrendered. The whole, amounting to at least 200, were taken pri-. Boners, It was not mitil the 3d of July, that General Brown found himself in a situation to carry his plan into execution. On tho evening of that day orders M'ere issued for the embarkation of the army which consisted of two brigades, besides the N. York and Pennsylvania volunteers under Gen. Porter. They were suffered to cross the river and land without molestation; the first bri- gade, under Gen. Scott the artillery commanded nm I.ATK WAR, ly with ;JUO{) men, ai\(l I tlioir f-liips. Tlipso as they tiiow ripar, of tiic ])hice with thu :(i to liicir iiio\prc!!ely pursued into tho riilenirn having been the bank, suddenly charged a volley upon ly furrendered. The t 200, were taken pri-. of July, that General situation to carry his 10 evening of that day e embarkation of the wo brigades, besides ania volunteers under suflered to cross the estation; the first bri- } artillery commander] HISTORY or THi: LATE WAR. H'^ by Major Uindman. landed below fort Eric, while Gen. Riplev, with the second, Innded some dis- tance above the fort. 'J'iio fjarrison was invested and beinir almost taken hy surprize, suriendercd with very little resistance. One hundrca and thirty-seven prisoners, were tnken. Phicmg a .small garrison in t!io fort. Gen. l?rown moved the following day to Chippewa plains. In appioach- ingthis place, «ieii. Torter's advance met some ligiit bodies of tho eneniv, and encountered tliem in a wood; aft-r beatin;: them, the volunteers pursued, until they fouiirl diemsolves una sudcen in contact with tlie main body of the British army. They were about togivn way, \Nh(!n ben. Urown ordered Srott's brigade to advance with 1 owson .s artillery, and drew the enemy into the pUr.n. I he engagcnient became general. The Iclt ilami ol Scott's brigade, wa.■^ txi)o.-ecl in ( onscqucnce oi the volunteers having fallen bad;, but Major Jc.v siip, who commanded here, ordered his I'uttai.icn to carry arms ami advance, untd choosirg a fa- vorable position, he pournd a d(rc this could be executed, the British had given ground, and on approaching the declivity of the hiii, •hry broke and fled m disorder behind their wcr..s. This action was clobe and severe; it was .oiiglU with great courage and skill on both Gides. Ihe Americans had GO killed and 248 wounded: on the side of the British, their killed amounted to 133, and 330 wounded. HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. 120 After tliis hoic (lrut)l)in!;f tlio inviaciblcfi rctiretl to fort (uiorge, abandoiiina; all (heir intermediate posts, but not without being cioiscly pressed in their retreat. ii this lie receded to On the tloth of July, scovercd on its march opposite side, which icricun deposit there. , Scott's brigade and Bd in the direction of ? of Niagara, the T?ri- directly in front occu- 1(1 Ix'iMi carefully se- icdicitcly despatched a der in Chief, and the losp of time to the (iciicral fc^cott, and nn were warmly cn- e gallant commander, Ihc right of the main Icrs to he governed by I was this contest for m ranks were thinned lishing before the vapt Dsed to them. They d with undaunted firm- ng reinforced by Gen- Colonel Jcssup taking m leaving his left un- niSTORY OF Tin: LATK WAR. l;>l guarded, gained tlicir rtiar, and as the doudu of inglil were fa>t (!escencott, now almost exhauslcd, they displayed in front. Tlio enemy o(cu|)ied a comnianduig h«sgh(, on which was planted his nrtillery. a lormidalile bnitory. Kiplcy conceived the bolil (lesig;i of m.ikiiig nn attempt to carry the height. They advanced in column to the perilous con- test, but faltered on receiving the lirsf tiio; tliey were again forhied, and advaucmir with a steady and linn step, sei/.cd the whole baltcry. 1 he cneuiv lied in astonishment and di-iiiay, butisluug with shame, and receiving reinforcemcut.s, canuj on with a furious charge, but wen; driven b.-icU with great loss, a second and third lime, having each time received reinforcements. Tlie Ame- ricans were left in quiet possession of the lield: it was now midniglit and haviiig been ?o long enga- ged in thi.-s dreadful combat, they were ordered to ictreat; but unfortunately, the trophies of this Fplcndtd victory could not be secured, from the want of the means to convey the artillery, tiuscar- riiigcs having been ^shattorcd. and the horses kill- ed. The total loss of the I'rilish amounted to S60, the loss of the Americans very little short of the same number, (lenerals Brown and Sfcott wore both severely wounded. General Porier, of liie volunleer«, r-iincd great honors for himseU' L ^i; 123 HISTORY OV THE LATE WAR. and his brave volunteers. Colonel Lavenworlh, Major Jessup, and a number of other officers were highly compUmonted in the orders of the day. On the 15th of August, after the fort had been for some time invested by General Drummond, with a large force, and after having made his ro- Rular approaches, he resolved 1o nttempt to carry it by storm. The assault and defence, were ot the same desperate character as the pitched bat- tles before described, and terminated alike to the alory of the American officers and soldiers. «y this time the bravery of American troops had made no light impression on iliej^e haughty foes. Gen. Brown having recovered from his ^vounU on the 2d of Sept. resumed the command. From the time of the unsuccessful assault, both sides were actively engaged, the enemy in erecting bat- teries and other works, the Americans in comple- ting their defences. The enemy's batteries worn becoming every day more formidable to the fort, two of which were witliin 500 yards, and a third was rapidly constructinii for the purpose ot infi- lading the American work:s. A spirited measure was thought of by Gen. Brown to avert the im- pending danger. On the 17th, a sortie was exo- cuted in a gallant style, which could only be equalled by the admirable skill displayed m th<-. formation of tiie plan. The British were com- pletely surprised; the American troops taking a circuitous rout through the woods, came sudden- ly upon the enemy's flank, and chargmg in co- lumn, took possession of all the » ncmics batte- ries, though not without a wsvere corfli<~t sort Ct LATE WAR. Colonel Lavenworlh, r of other officers were 2 orders of the day. after the fort had been I General Dnimmond, ?r having made his ro- i'cil lonttempt to carry and defence, were of ter as the pitched bat- erminated alike to the cers and soldiers. By American troops had r>a iliej^e haughty foes, overed from his wound 1 the command. From ful assault, both sides I enemy in erecting bat- 3 Americans in complc- enemv's batteries worn formidable to the fort, 500 yards, and a third or the purpose of infi- ;s. A spirited measure [Jrown to avert the im- 17th, a sortie was cxo- , which could only bo o skill displayed in the rhe British were com- lehcan troops taking a le woods, came suddcn- ik, and charging in co- ' all the enemies batte- t a wjvfire forfli'"t fin<^ HISTORY OF THE LATE WAE. 18fl groat carnage. The batteries in two hours wera destroyed. The Americans had to lament the loss of some brave officers, among whom were Brigadier General Davis, of the volunteers, and Cols. Gibson and Wood, two valuable officers. The Wellingtonian "Invincibles," after this, thou<»ht proper to retire, and acordingly Gene- rals lOrummond and Watcville, broke up their camp on the night of the 2lst, and sought safety in the works of Chippewa. About this time Ge- neral Izard arrived from Plattsburg, with a rein- forcement of 1400 men, and placed the security of the post beyond doubt. Considering that no- thing could be gained by maintaining their pro- Bent position, this General, who now assumed command as the senior officer, removed to the American side, after destroying Fort Erie, and ordered his troops into winter quarters at Buffalo. The names of Brown, Scott, Ripley, Miller, Por- ter, Davis, Jessup, Ree, Gibson, Wood, Hmd- man, Towson, Trimble, will be written m letter* of gold, on the arch of American glory., CHAPTER XIV. Capture of Washington— Defence of Baltimort. In the beginning of Summer, the enemy arri- ved off our coast with several ships of the line and frigates with a great number of transports. They soon after entered the Chesapeake, and maintained a threatening attitude against the principal cities on the Bay. Considerable time 121 IIISTOIIY OF THF, LATE WAR. liowever clnpscd, hnforc any iiiipoifnnt rntorpri/o W!is iiiiderfiilu'ii; hut Adniiriil ('oiklmrii wiis ac- tively oniinf^cd an usual, in ))hiiid('riii^ niid pilli'.r- in^r the planters. To oppost; sunie I'lieck (o this alrneioiis reparco, a flotilla ot" jjiiii vessels was fitted oiif by our {Government, and the command given to Coniinndore Harney. This intrepid ve- teran, soon made himself so formidahlo from his rapid movements tiirough croik.s and inlets, that the enemy found it necessary to destroy his flotil- la. A nnmlicr of vessels suited to the purpose, was aecordinwly provided. The Commodore, about the first pf June, was chased into the Pa- tnxcnt; hero their larger ve.ssels not being able to pursue him. thny sent their barges, but which were comjielled to sneak oflT faster than tiiey came. A more formidable squadron of boats a f*iw days aiterwards, compelled the Commodore to take rcf i}.;e on Leonard's creek, where he was closely bloekuiled by two frigates. Commodore Hnmey having received some additional force, fell down to the mouth of the creek, and choosing his position, began a well directed fire on the Ilritisli vessels. In two hours the frigates finding their situation rather uncomfortable, prudently weighed anchor and stood down the I'atuxcnt. Harney embraced this opportunity, run out of the creek, and ascended the Patuxent. Admiral Cockburn, about the 16th of August, ascended the bay with twenty-two sail, besides traQsports, and was joined by Admiral Malcom. About this time, it appears he formed a renohi- tion of attacking Washington. The circuinstancs LATE WAR. y iiiiportnnt rntorprizfl •ill ( 'oikliiini Mils iir- |)hiiiil('riiij^ niid |)illi',r- h; suiiK! cliiM-k (o this 1 of '^\\n vessels was lit, and tlie command ?y. This intropid ve- foniiichihlo from his •rei k.s and inlets, thiit ry to destroy his Holil- *iiitf!d to the piirpofjo, The Commodore, 9 chased into tiie Pa- j-^sels not licing nlilo loir barjfcs, hut wiiicli off faster than tliey B squadron of boats a elled the Commodore '■i creek, where he was rifi;ates. Commodore ome additional force, le creek, and choosing 1 directed fire on tlie nrs tiie frigates findinjj omfortable, prudently 1 down the I'atuxcnt. irtimity, run out of the iituxent. It the 16th of Angnst, enty-two sail, besides by Admiral Malcom. he formed a reRohi- )n. The circumstancs IIISTOIIY OF THE LATE WAR. l55- of Barney's flotilla having taken shelter in tha Patnxent, favored tiie design of attacking tha city by way of Benedict. Accordmgly, dividmg his force, and sending one detachment up the bay, as if to threaten Baltimore, under sir Peter Parker, and one up the Potomac, under Captain Gordon, as if to force fort Washington, he took the road first named. The British land forces debarked at Benedict on the 2l8t of August, and on the 22d reached Upper Marlborough, and the American flotilla, which had ascended as high as this place, was now destroyed, while Commodore Barney, ac- cording to his orders, joined General Winder with his marines. At this time, the Americaa General had not more than 2000 men. just col- lected into camp, at a place called the Woodyard. On the 22d, he fell back to the Old I lelds, where he encamped for the night. The General might expect to be re-inforced in the course of a day or two, by the militia of Bal- timore and Annapolis .hich, with the volunteers of Georgetown and its neighborhood, and the regulars would give him a force of about 5,UUU men. As the ground was extremely favorable for skirmishing, and irregular fighting, he might harass the onemy on his advance; for his toree was bv no means sufficient to meet the enemy in open field. On the 23d, the General detached a party under Colonel Scott, for the purpose of watching the movements of the enemy, and ha- rassing him in his advance. Within six miles of the American camp, the enemy was desrricrt L2 m HISTORY or Tlir LATE WAR marching in column; aflor firing a few rounds, the detachment retreated, and the enemy advan- cing three miles further, encamped for the night. Apprehensive of a night nttack, the General marched nbout sunset into Washington, and en- camped near the navy-ynrd. Early the next morning, the TJritish were discovered to havo taken the road to niadenshurg, having (ieneral Winder's force on his lell flnrili.. fieneral 8laiisl)uiy"s brigade, about 130O strong, arrived at this place on the 22d, and wan joined next day by the Haltimoreans under Col. Sterret, about 500 in number, but much fatigued by a forced march; the Colo|iel was accompanied by the artillery companies of Myers and Ma- graudcr, and the light battalion of riflemen under Finckney, the Attorney (General. On the 24th, about noon, the enemy matle his appearance near Bladensburg. The Ameriratis had already posted themselves in the following manner. Stansbury's brigade, was drawn up on the west side of the Wcstsrn l?ranch, the artille- ry posted so as to command the bridge, the rifle- men so as to support the arlilicry; iSicrret's repi- ment in an orchard in the rear ol" these, and the other troops in the best position the nature of the ground would admit, (iien. Winder having sur- veyed this disposition of the troops, which had been made with the assistance of Col. Monroe, approved of them. Tha General had already powted the marines and ?eamen on the rising ground in a position to command the road, in two separate batteries, one under Com. Barney the LATE WAR. firinc! a few rounds, nd the enemy advan- caniped for the night, attack, the General Washington, and en- rH. Early the next discovered to havo iiir2, having (iencral nriK. rigade, about 130O on the 22d, and v/an timoreans under Col. M", but much fatigued |iel was accompanieH ot' Myers and Ma- linn of riflemen under neral. , tiie enemy mat'e his irg. The Ameriratis ivt"? in the followins; ide, was drawn up on II 1?rnnch, the artille- 1 flip bridge, the rifle- lilinry; iSirrrft's repi- ear ol" thc^e, and ih«» ition the nature of the Winder having sur- lie troops, which had mcc of Col. Monroe, General had already eamen on the rising mand the road, in two ier Com. Barney the HISTORY OF Tlir. LATF. WAR. 1^ other under Cai)t. Miller. In tiie rear of these, there was a second line of regulars, volunteer* and militia, under General Smith; there was just time to post thcs«^ about half a mdc in the rear of the first line, when the battle commenced. A strong regiment of Maryland militia, commanded by Colonels Beal and Hood, at the same time took posts on the lengths south of the great road among the woods, whence they could annoy the approaching enemv. ITntil this moment, the heads of department, with the President, were on the ground, it was now deemed prudent to retire. The enemy, coming in view of the American line, moved in a column to the bridge. The ad- vance under Col. Thornton, received a moinen- tary check from the well served artillery of My- ers and Magraiidcr, and from the fire ot the rifle- men. But rallying his men, the Colonel passed the bridge, and then moved forward, and was soon followed by the main body, under Gen. Ross. The American artillery and riflemen were soon after obliged to retreat, while the enemy contin- ued to advance, not a little annoyed by the artille- rv of Major Peters. When the enemy's right a'npioar.hcd within musket range of Stansbury « brigade, this brigade broke: all the efforts of the commander, (General Winder, and the other offi- cers could not rally them. They fled in conftt- won, carrying terror wherever they went. Ihe British now proceeded in column along the road, until thev came suddenly and unexpectedly, m view of Commodore Barney, who gave them eo warm a reception that they precipitately fell back. , .A/'L' ,'. .^'i&iiMiiiff T^~'' '^'"* HISTORY OF Tin; LATE WAR. IW leaviiij? the road strewed witli the dcnd. The? deployed, and pushing out Hanking parties, cnden- vorod to gain the American rear; on approaching the battery of Captiiin Miller, they met with a reception as little ngreciihlo on that afibrdcd tliem by Commodore Barney; they continued, however, to Mcnd out flunking parties, until both these gal- lant norpti were in danger of being cut off, when they were ordered to retreat. The Commodore ha loss of the P.ri- Hlf^ORY or THE LATE WAR. 129 lish was very ronsiderablo; it iH estimated at 10(K», luanv Imvin^ descrtcMJ. The enemy retreated to llcnedirt on the -.^tn carrying away conMiderablc booty. In the mean- wiiile, the naval detaclinuint under Captain (ior- don, ascended the Potomac, and on the 27th, ap- proached Fort Washington, wi.icli was m.medi- atcly blown up by the oHicer commanduig with- out firmg a gun. The enemy now mectmg no opposition passed to Alexandria, which place wa» put under a heavy contribution. A U the produce, merrhandise, anil shippmg, were demumled, and rcfiuired to bo delivered under a threat ot de- stroying the town. With these bard condition* the citizens were obliged to comply, and the IJri- tish descended the bay with a very respectable amount of plunder. The third division of the invaders was not so successful. Sir Peter Parker, with a boition at the junction of the different roads eading from tho city, resting his right on Bear- Creek, his left covered by a swamp, and in this situation awaited the enemy. Major Heath, who had been srnt forward to nkinnish with the ene- my, now retired before the advancing columnH of ^' "^ * militia, under (Captain Hurd's United MatcH dra ^oni.' In .hi« wcU-fought l-ttle .here were no more tlian I KM) men on tiie American side, tlieir mimber. bavn,= been duninisiied ^7 j'- '-" , ' .ndbyfhoun,mt,n.n.epa,nc^^-^;^ troops that gave way. I he lo».-« on lui '»• sidouu. al^oiit 190 in killed and wounded, th« llri'ish loss was at Ica^t ()*H). , Tie br.gadc. under (icueral ^tansbury nm Formnn, L seamen and niannes ""^er Commo lore U. oi'ors. the I'enn.^^ hania volunteers, 11^.. Bltiinove'marme artillery, n-nned the -n rend^- ments and heavy ba.tence. Thus p<^^'cJ. 'J^^J rouragenu«lv waited the »PPro«<^V.^'«„^" ^ who Ind not- though, proper to l>"»V"i^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the baltle of North I'omt. ^cxt ir.orn i^ e bo» tile arn.v appeorcd within two miles '»f'»"»"{"''^ American line,, inclined to the York an^ art ford Roads, n« if to roach the town •" haU.re. ,ion.bnt observing if tc attack in frunt. In the midst of tliesc important operatidns, a powerful attack was niatlc upon Fort M'JIenry, which commands the aiij)ioacii to tlic city by wa- ter. The defence of this place was cnlrusKMl to Major Aimistead, together witii several compa- nies of Baltimore artillerists, supj)orted hy a l)o- portant operatidiis, a upon Fort ISl'JIenry, icii to tlic city by wa- aco was cntnistofl to witli several coiupa- s, supj)orted by a bo- Two batteries to tbas commenced under uous night. The next disappeared from be- imcdiatcly pursued by ired a few stmgglers. jd his troops in safety. HISTORY OF THK I.ATE WAR. 133 CHAPTER XV. Ghriom crcnts of the u-ar—lintkh drfrat^d at Plattsbitrgli—li'imlsrd at .\ri." Orlcaiix—J: race We have alrcuclv mentioned tlie departure of General Izard for Plntfsl.tircili, and that (Jcneral M'Comb wa-i l^'ft in coniUKind. with little more than 1400 regulars, manvof whi:a, and the t'ul was the thundering havoc and death ruled en the Eagle changed 'hip of vastly superior s of this vessel, upon HISTORY OF THi: I.ATK WATl. l*^ .hose sucess hung the lute of 'ho b^^^^^^jjlj d>sn.ounted. an etlort wa« made ^^^'^fj^' rbr'/^;:;v:^;'nc^'"-""^ :^J:^peruuen.wastr^..tW.ie^^o^^^^^ lint without sueeos: on peu ( jm"^ •'" < iml wiinoin . u oppof-ed to the compe led to strike. J lU- "^i ■ > ' i i ^ , Ea- e hud alrraay struck, and drifted ou t "o line Three of the -uUies had gone to tiie bot- ^ofSe'^ke, the others etIiM.tedth<.rc.cnp. "•'^TV7tw:it:;.::'^tt?;:m.nri'^'^P ;i^:n4^-humbieit.elfbe,.rethe strength S— ^..^^.'Mt-restni..wit,,W 1 ■ r .iii:if»th(> \meneans weic eiaieu rorandgnol, while tut. -\nui « ,,,e,icans beyond the expression ot wor.ls. I he -^'"*'"J'^ . ad 151 in killed and wounded. Ot the encmv^OO tt kilte.rand wo.mded, among the to'nu'r, t apt^ Downie. The number of men ;"?«.?; •*'•"", ^^ American side w.s H-20, on t'-. '^ -[-'j^^'^^i' ; ^f that tho prisoners alone, «<-:=^ded he loimbe ot the Americans. The Americana had h4 guns, the Briti.sh 95. CHAPTEU XVI. D,' fence „f NcwOrlrMUs-lirilliant terminahon fj the War. On the meeting of Congress, the President laid before them the ohe^u.-red scene* ot the pa-t % 136 HISTORY OF TIIK LATE WAR. year. Th<> thanks of this body, together witli rncdalH iiiui other rewards wtjrc voted to tlie he- roes ot' tho last ciini[)aign on Niagara and at Plattsburyh. V^cry soon alter tho meeting of tho Congress, news from tho soutlnvard awakened the attention and tho anxiety of all Americans. — InteHigenco from tiiat (|uartoi- M\ no doubt of an intended invasion of Louisiana. Gen. Jackson 80 distinguifslicd for his zeal, :md lor his victories over tiio Creeks, was appointed a Major-general, and the command of tlie Southern district assign- ed to him. In tiie summer of Ibll, he fixed his head-(iuartt;rs at Mobile, wlierc he assembled a respectable force of regulars, volunteers and mil- itia, the two last from Teimci^.sec chiefly. On the lutli of t^cptember, a squadron of the enemy, consisting of two frigates and two gun brigs, appeared i)efore Fort l?owyer, at Mobile Point, then garrisoned by Major Liiwrence with about 120 men. A land force under capt. Wood- bine, consistiiig of about 100 marines and 400 Indians under Col. i\icho!s, invested the fort by land. Tlio fort withstood tiii.s combined attack with the utmost lirmnos-'; the laud troops were compelled to retire, and tlie the was so well di- rected against the llritisli vessels, that (hey were compelled to cut their cai)l(!S tmd basten out of tho way, but not without tlie loss of their Hag ship wiiich was set on fire and blown up. Tho loss of tiio assailants was believed to be very seriouB, on tlie American side it was trifling. Tho Britisli fleet, after leaving the Chesapeake had gone chiefly to the Bermudas, and every day ^TK WAR. ody, together with ;rc voted to tlie he- n Niagara and at tlio meeting of the Lithward awakened :^fai! Americans. — loll no doubt of an na. Cien. Jackson md lor his victories M\n Major-general, icrn district assign- ■ Ibll, he fixed his ore he assembled a volunteers and mil- •^.see ciui'fly. , a squadron of tho ifiatos and two gun l?owyer, at Mobile ajor Liiwrence with c under capt. Wood- 10 marines and 400 invested the fort by lis coml)ined attack m land troops were the was so well di- sscl.s, tljat they were !ind htiRtcn out of tho ■H of their llag ship lown up. Tho loss d to bo very seriouB, trifling. ving the Chesapeake ludas, and every day HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR. imr brought accounts of important P'«P;"j;;;;';/!! SlTenterprize against J^e bou^^^^^^ The mighty '^""-^Iv^^.^Sf ^ '^^^^^^^^^ ol" «.xty «ith his brave 'J^'^T^'.^nnf December H; where he arrived on t 'e-J^f *^^ ^s vhich the ' ' fl^tiHii of ffun-boats commanded by ijieui. the enemy's "^"^'='";''^" Jrby tbrty luunches the gun-boats were «^tacl^^ by tor y^ ^^^^ ""m danger was now at hand : Gen Jackson ordc^^d mfrtial bw to be Procla.med -d ^ le whole of the militia was called out on dut> . ~-.v^« j pr . - 'jg'!t i M* ' j^ !* T? i'* y ? .v " fWW^?^J^^^^jP^gtp' \3S HISTORY f)F THE LATF, WAR. Le^rislature then in session, made appropriations* and an onibar^o was laid on all vessels then m port. No exertion that could be made was omit- ted. On the 21st Gen. (.!arroll arrived from'JPen- uessee witii KMtO men, many of them not armed, and others hadly. About tliiw time the city re- eeivcd u new accession of force from the arrival of the Bi'.ritarian pirates. Their leader had re- ceived offers from the Knpilish which were refu- sed. They offered tlieni^elves to (Jen. Jackson and were received. For their bravery their chief Lafitte and Ihemselw.s received a tiill pardon. The raptiue of the squadiou of pun-boats left the way open to attack on the side of the lakes. It was therefore neces.>ary to close all the canals or bayous, which would enable the enemy to pass through the hwanip and reach the strip of dry land on the hank of tlie river. This important duty was entrusted to (len. Villere, a native of the country, and well acquainted with the secret pas- sages. Unfortunately, the guard stationed at the entrance of the bayo.i Bien-venu was captured, and proceediu'T secretly they reached the dry land, and emerjred from the forest at tha bank of the mighty rivcsr, about 3 o'clock i*. M. on the 23d of December. This force consisted of four thousand, and instead of moving directly on to the city, halted to prcpiiro their meal, and moved to- wards the city at their leisure, as it was now, in their estimation, entirely In their power. Intelligence of this unexpected and alarming march of the British, was communicated to Gen. Jackson by Major Villore, who had been taken til I .ATF, WAR. iiade appropriations* 1 all vessels then ui J be made was omit- r>ll arrived from T-en- of tlic.m not armed, liH time the city re- irce from the arrival rhcir leader had re- ish which were refu- ses to (ten. Jackson iir bravery their chief vf;d a full pardon, ron of pua-boats left lie side of the lakes. ) close all the canals jle the enemy to pass h the strip of dry land This important duty lore, a native of the I with the secret pas- uard stationed at the i-venu was captured, icy reached the dry forest at tha bank of j'clock i*. M. on the rcc conf.! F"''^ ^ amost tremen- ^."^^^rr'lndtt r er things were not so brilliant. The British had crossed over tV o n *1 n: WAR. itor. Tlioy «till, forNMud. rlosing troopH. Hilt when iniiMkct nud deatl- ni> wnw one sheet 10 Britifh ofticerB ir troopri to ocrlnin foil nt till- head of link from the «on- ; but imiverHiil ru- lled in tlie utmost 9 only emild reach voted to sure des- 'd hy C.)l. Uenee, fid up tlie rampart; em was left alive, 'he astonished Bri- ninutes, when in a second eftort ; but Bsult. Tliey were Id, which was left t shocking and pit- lommander-incliief, st at t he conimence- lim, (ienerala Kean t'onnded, and (Jenl. witii the fragments British forces, ac- wars of Europe. — lis ill fated assault ,ile history lasts. n>er things were h had crossed over ni-^TouY or THE i-atf. war. 143 Mnder C'ol. Thornlon. and innrehed to the attack o?. he entrenchments. The m.li.ia of the s,a,e with Home ..f Ih.- Kentnekians, under (.cneral Morcan, atV-r -me firr irtrei.lr.l, leaviuK the bat- ilnif In the hands. ,r. lie Bri.i.h. The enemy had been able to outllank them, m rui.s...,Menec of the i^iviuR wav of a battallion ot Lou.suma tni- litia The W^ <^r the Amin on both side* of ihe river, did . lot exceed 20 lulled and 40 wounded. ^ „rt\-» Tlie Brifi-^h wf re now onlv atiuhouR of elicrt- mg their eseap... Ou .ho I Ith, they were d.Heov- ered to :.avo descended the b..voi. nden.es. ami humamlv were exhil. ted bv all the iuhaUi.m(^. to the imtort,m..e v.; un« o- war. wlio n .,u,r_-l .he asMs,a.,ee ot ' -e.r lei'- v creatures. Kv. .v le.u.e was a bos:,; al b.r the reception of the' wounded, and the benevolent Histers, the nuns, w.re actively engaged m pour- i„jj oil on their wounds, and m disehargu.g all the offices of diristian chanty. In a few davs aft.rwar.ls ,t was discovered hat the enemy had entirelv disnope^red, and the Mat^ of Lomsiana, then the latest star in the conR-do- ration, shone with beauteous lustre The British pr...;eeded soon nilcr to attack 144 HISTORY OP THE l-ATF. WAR. Fort Bowver, and being able to bring nn ov«r- whclmins 'force ngainnt it, tl.ey took ,,08«oH«ion of the i.livco. Not however to rotnin it long, an the newH of i.eac.- «.)on nfter cauf^cd it to be res- torcd to tlio Americans. This event, so welcome to bU, nt Inst arrived. It was concliul. .1 between the Uritmh ami Ainer- can eomrni-ionerH, on the ^l of i>c-oen.be . 1BI4, and ratified by the I'r.nce ««J?'^" , ""l'',^ 28th, and by th-.- President and Senate on the IHth of l4bruarv, ISlu. All parl.es m the Ihuted States heartily rejoiced. A.nerjcu woh v.ctor- ous in the Hlrngfile: the enemy had been H^na^- ly vanquished both by sea and land ; and though tW change which had occurred m t"'r"P«' »'^d rendered it unne.e.Hary to .nsi.t m ">« "^^'"^y "" any provisionB ug^inst future nbuees, thn manly resistance of this country had convinced Great Britain, and the whole world, that America wa« not to bo inuulted with impunity. THE END. QtjyJ^ -^u ,ATr. WAR. lie to bring nn over- liey took posftoHsion to" rotnin it long, nn ■ cuuf-cd it to be rcB- o nil, «t Inst arrived, ic Uritifth aiul Ainer- !(• l!t of December, 'rime Regent on tbe nd Soniite on thr IHth iiirlifs in tho United /\niericii won virtori- leniy had been wignal- and land ; luid though nrred in Europe had inssixt in llie treaty on lire nbuBcs, the manly r had convinced Great rid, that America was unity. SD.