IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I 1.25 2.2 It m I. I. ^ 1.4 !.6 V] <^J ^ A ^J^ oil' y /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ »^-^ ^ C\ \ « 6^ >> '^^ o <;. . h M ^^r J ^1 J" XV XVI XIV y Ml ^"^ "^ I N :^K ^ /v\"7'A' /p.v^i ryo A'^\ A yy o r'A' j) ^\ i^ y 7^ i .\wj r y^l J' J^r s' URTLE MOUNTAIN COUNTRY. md Buffalo Hunters, since adopted as the best route that could t Boad. The line of the projected EMERSON AND TURTLl ^RY. e that could be found, now VP TURTLE MOUNTAIN EMKlnSOX T I On c») ai'i.se of ti) Calc» healt Doug when at th< J. claii|| hav® to t| bran! I Is m Unifot Reliak advant Pj propri e G © I FOR ACTUAL SETTLERS. WINTER IN THE COUNTRY OF CLEAR DAYS AND BRIGHT SUNS. sLEi:i'iN(} Tiiiioiron a isLrz/Ann on tiik I'RArniE! TiiUKK \vi;i:ks tbaniii.i.ini; in wixtkr tukuioii soitiieun MA XI To II A. TIIK XrilTLK >ror\T\IN' COUNTKY. I © Expectiiio- ji lariiv iminii>Tation at I'^nnu'soii I'roiu lilimland and Canada, some of i( ihrou^li liis own exertions, the wriU-r was anxious to know, tiiroiiuh prrsonal t'xperience and ol)srr- vation. Avhiih ^ve^e the Ijcst localitit's to which ininiiLiiaiits nii^'ht be directed. Much had been .said in praise of the Tur- tle Mountain District and country intervening- l)etwecii it and Emerson. He determined to sec this country. It is a diificult thing to travel to the Turtle ^Mountains in winter, but \ve were anxious to know just what those ditliculties were and to remove them as much as pos.si})le. as we intend to send emigrants (mt in March l)erore the rovh'es and rivers are thawed out. AY*' start froui Emerson on ^^londay, the 5th ol' January. We are live in niunber ; our party is as follows: — Mr. S. Austin, surveyor; Mr. AVm. Dcach, land agent; Messr.s. A. H. Poston and .1. Ijoyd, farmers, ajul the Tie v. L. C). Armstrong. "We travel in a house 12 feet lonu' Lv T fed wide, nuule out of i-iiu-h tongued and grooved ])oards, lined with fell i)ai)er inside. The studding, sills and rafters are 2-inch by 4-inch. The weight of the liouNc wasabout lOnO lbs. All lliis lumber was too heavy; i-inch lumber and scantling 2 x '.:-inch, and about half the (juantity that we had, would have been quite sullieient, and would h;',ve reduced the weight of the house to 4.')0 pounds. A house of tliis description caii be built for about s;20. It was 2 an cxporinunil, the object ol' which was to provt' that ramilies could he brought out in [Mn'loct coniiort all the way, and that upon their arrival they would have this house, which would answer them through the hisi sunnn;'i'. "We shall now use the prestMvt tense, as we want lo take our readers along with us. Our house eontains twc ship's beds holdinii' three men each, and therf is room lor lour more men to sleep on the floor. AVe had a little Kussian iron stove whi«h answered our purpose admirably both ibr cooking and lieatinn'. The house makes quite a sensation moving throuah the good towni of Emerson. AVe cross the lied River on the ice, and, mounting the ferry hill, we find ourselves in the main street of the aspiring village of AVest Lynne. In parting from AVest Lynne, we receive "A good i.)urney lo you!"" from oui' good friend, Mr. Matheson, of the Hudson Bay post Here, in a light cutter and with a good horse, we move ahead of the house, having business to transact alonu' the line. We dine in one of the quaint, bad-smelling, thrifty Menonite houses. We try to give them a lecture on ventilation, but, bi'ing too practical in illustrating our idea, it does no immediate good, and we have to console ourselves by thinking that the good seed sown will bear fruit some time. After dinner we travel on, being anxious to reach the Hon. Mr. Winram's house that night. In our desire to reach his house, we commit the unpardonable error of travelling at night on the prairie. Our punishment for this is losing the trail, burying our horses in the snow several times, and spending several hours very miserably before we at last reach the house. Mr. "Winram is the local member of Par- liament. He is an intelligent, broad-minded Englishman, who, although he uses his privilege as an Englishman of grumbling at the Government for the laws which " are ruining the country," is in reality a kindly, useful man. enjoying the con- fidence and respect of the community, by whom he was elected by acclamation as a represi^ntative. Any one wishing to get reliable information about the country will find in him a trust- worthy man from whom to get it. "We refresh the inner man with savoury venison and enliven lilies that oiild till' spirit by inicrfours' with our host. Next iiioniing- wo walk oA'cr some of ih*' tkrms in this dislrict, which is called the " MoiDitaiii." The scenery is very ]>relty, and in i)hnes (jiiitc LTrand. Thi' s(»ttlers have rais-.^l good crops, and are in good spiiits. .A])uiU a inih' IVom Air. AVinram's wo cross the River Li(F-\v, o]i whose banks li\ •••; a hap[)y Irishman, John Johnsto)ie by name. AVo makf his acquaint aiice, and lind him to be a much-travelled man in tliis now country, having gone over the Turtle Mountain District very carefully a year ago. Wo securi' him as a memlxM- of our company. Here we meet the popular (hureh of Enu'land minister, Mr. Wilson. We assist him at a funeral of a yoiuig l)oy who was a strangiu' in the settlement, having come to live with the fauiily, where 111' died. o;ilv a few davs })el'oreliis death. AVe all admir" the settlers for tin- kindness shown him in his sickuess and ihj decent funeral gi\en him. He adger, but we managed it, and travelled a fe^v miles beyond before camping. It was a mild night, and we did not miss our house nor the two feet of snow that covtn-ed us on the blizzard night. We slept quite warmly. AYe si art at daylight. AVe soon get into the new' survey which we have come so far to see in order that "we may know whereof ^^•e spmik Avhen advising our English friends where to locate. Fortunately the prairie from here is all burnt. The mild weathi^r is taking away the snow from the higher prairie ; around each one of the surveyor's posts the earth that is dug up is loose and mellow : and each half-mile w'e have the soil all ready dug up for us to judge of its quality. AVe could not hn ve chosen a better time to see the country. From Ivange 16 to Range 10, and during the following days to Range 22, we pass over a magnificent country, in which there is no waste land. Occasionally we find a gravelly or stony knoll, but the 9 s are lirst earh ithor and gravel and Ktonc are all on tho surface ovon then, and helow it are two I'eel ol' splendid loam, with a rich clay subsoil Ix'low that. We can see every stone now much IxMtcr than in summer, when they are hidden by lou<^' o-rass. These are pastur(\s green to Mr. Beach, who takes out his book and takes down the nunil)t'rs oi' all the best sections I'or the i)eoj>le who invest in land throuuh him. It is a a'ood thing, too, for these people. They are saved much hardship and expense, and in all probability get bt'tter land than they would choose I'or themselves. Towards night we find ourselves approaching Ijariviere's trading post on Turtle Mountain. AVe have long since given up following the trail, as we know that I^ariviere's house is in k*?ection '19, and we have the straight est possible road to it in following the new. bright and easily-read posts in Mr. Klotz's survey. AVe bless the surveyor for his good work, and about dark arrive in Section 29, but do not sei^ any sign ol" a house. However, a few high-toned screeches elicit a response in the distance, and we finally reach the (juaint old trading post, where we find shelter from the rain that is now falling, a good host and hoste.-s, and plenty of good cheer. And now. to all the prophets of evil from Emerson to Cypress Cr<'ek, here ire are, but spring is still a lonu' way off. Next year the country will be full of settlers, and on a good. well-l)eaten trail the journey will be made from Emerson in three days, at a rate of ten miles an hour, and in four years we hope that it may be accomplished at the rate of forty miles a]i hour l)y tlie Emerson & Turtle Mountain Railway. Here at Lariviere's we eat the best and biugest potatoes that we have ever seen. and our horses are treated to as clear ai\d fidl oats as tlun' have ever revelled upon. AVe were shown very fine samples of wheat, which vielded on Lariviere's farm twentv-iive bushels of wheat to tlu' arpent upon the sod the first year. AVe were fortunate enough liere to meet the surveyors, who had just finished their survey. They told us (I attach certifi- ficate) that tLjre are here 150 square miles of merchantable timber, the best water in the country in almndance in all direc- tions, and good soil everywhere. Wood, water and soil — a 10 settler's paradise, l^lvery mjui can secure 320 acres of land and tw<'ntv acres of wood. Tliere is (Miou2"h for '),000 settlers in this ])lo('k alone. The next day is Sunday. There assembles a L>"ood conii'rei>-a- tion — Presl)yt(M'ian. Uo)nan Catholic, Methodist and Enulish Churehniaii, IVieudly iellow-travellers to the honu? heyond. As many of the congregation are French, the clergyman inllicts two sermons upon them, one in English and one in French ; it is jnvtiy hard upon men and women who are out of training to (^ndure even one. The congregation is most patient, however. Wo enjoy very good singing. We have some very cultivated people in this frontier country. AVe have people of much culture from Scotlaiul, who were heavy losers by the I'ailure of the Griasgow Bank, and hrst-rate, plucky settlers they make. They are most ho})eful tor the future good of the country they are in. God speed them in their new life and send them pros- perity. AYe meet several old lied River settlers here, who tell us that a farmer's lil'e is much more pleasant here than in the Red River valley. They prefer the soil, althouiili it is not so strong. They have splendid home markets, and will have, with new settlers coming in, for years to come. They have wood, coal, and uood water. Thev sav that it is too level in the Minnesota and Dakota prairies and in the Red River valley. We spend several days in driving northward and westward, coming home each day more pleased with the country and hopelul. Wc afcom])lish the object of our journey most thor- oughly. Good fortune clung to us uji to the last day of our stay. In the very last day's explorations, and when we had reached our I'arthest westward point, we met Mr. Norton, mining engineer, (whose certificate I attach for publication), who is now engaged in mining coal at the J^ouris River, about oOO miles due west from Emerson. He told ns that the country he had traversed for 200 miles \vest of where we were, was as good as the country we had come over. He had gone over it both in winter and sumim'r. He predicts that one of the big cities of the future will be 300 miles west of Emerson, at some point on the Souris River. AVe find him as enthusiastic about ilui c that N line (|uiti muc rela; Wet We cons any We 11 uid and 'tl*'r.s in uuri'ii'a- iiiLilish H'yoiul, iiillicts ich : i( niiii^' to \vc\'er. tiviitcd niiicli ilure of iiiuke. y thoy 111 pros- ^lio tell in the not so i have, y have 'vel in valley. tward, ■y aiid t thor- 3f our e had orton, ition), about untry • as as ver it e big some ibout tiie country u.; all the other I'lnglishnim we nn-et, which nieaii& that he was veri/ enthusiastic. Now we get ready lor our return trip. W'c ioUow anolhei' line of posts, so as to sec nion- of the ( ountry. \\r lind it quite as good as we I'ound it upon coming in. We uudic much better time on our ristuni trip. We have provided relays ol" horses so as to make a speedy trip. We leave on Wednesday morning, and arrive in Emerson on Sunday noon. We are much ])leased with ihe trip. We ieel that we can conscientiously advise emigrants to go there rather than to any other point just now. We lave open«'d a trail lor them. We have arranged Tor stopping places along tlu' route of travel every lifteen miles. Tfiere is still needed a stopping place between Badger Creek and Turth' Mountain. Pancake Lake is the proper point. We shall communicate with the Govern- ment, and hope to hav(; it established before March. March is the right month for families to go out in. On our journey, in every district, we found the people most enthusiastic about buildinu' the Emerson «S: Turtle Mcmntain Kailway. We shall, without doubt, get good large grants from every muni- cipality that is formed along the line. We shall also have a powerful l)ody of men, interested in its construction, in the purchasers of Railway Lands throughout this belt. Here 1 must say, en passant that this sale of lands is not an unmixed evil, as it causes a number of cai)italists to take a deep concern in the welfare of the country. If it is almost loo good an inv«'stment to oiler peoj>le, yet Government needs the money to build the railways, and it is easier to lind fault with the \\ ay of obtaining it than to discover a better way. The old Boundary Commission trail, a surveyed Government road, is a readv-made road-bed direct from l^nerson to the Turtle Mountains, and in all the distance through which it will run there will not be twenty square miles of bad lands. The writer has travelled pretty extensively in the prairie country of the Wt^stern and South-western States, but nowhere has he seen a like tract of country. There is no doubt that we have the best wheat-growing climate in America. Anyone who is 12 skeptical about thai mny have his doubts roniovcd }»y reading' United States Consul Taylor's spcjM'h, delivered in Emerson in January, 1880, i)ublished in e.r/ensnin Ihr ICmerson International of January 22nd, 18S0. and wliieh will, no doubt, be published again by Government and generally distributed. The ll^nu'rson «S: Turtle Mountain Hail way will pay from the day of its com- pletion. It is a ])Ositiv(^ necessity to all the thickly settled country between this and Clearwater Villag'e now. It is needed to develoi)e the country between that and the Souris, which will, without doubt, all be settled within three years. It is needed to l)rinii' coal, wood and wheat to Emerson. It is needed to make the Pembina branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway pay after the main line is completed. It is needed to keep the trade of Southern Manitoba from beini^- diverted to the Northm'u Pacific and 8t. Paul «Sr Pacific Railways, who are even now pushing* out branches to take the Canadian trade at two points west of Emerson. It is needed to prevent the G:ood feelings of our people being alienattnl in all this southern country throuii'h their trade relations being with our neiiih- hours. It is needed to prevent the large number of emigrants who are constantly disembarking at Emerson from settling upon the American side of the line. A delegation of provi- sional directors of the railway from Emerson is now in Ottawa to i>ro;ure a railway cluirter. It is to be hoped that ther(^ will be no unnecessary delay in obtaining it, but that the Grovernment will do all in its power to advance this much-needed and patriotic undertaking. I l.T IH'i'soii ill rnalional ul)lish«*(l J'jinersoii its rom- y .settlcil It i8 I' Souris, I'c years. )ii. It is 1 Pacific eodcd to sorted to ixy.s, who ian trade vent the southern ]■ neiiih- mig-rants settling )i' provi- now in e hoped g- it, but mce this (Coi.y) Kmkusun, Miiiiitplifi, 'I 'J7tli .liimiiiry, IHsn. ] I hori'liy rortify that in thi> <()ftl tirlil wliicli I am now working, near tiir Suuiih Uivcr. tlu'ii' U a. very laiK*' quantity nt" ;;(>o(l cual (liKuiti). lit for all purpOHus. (loincstir or stt^nniing. and that u railway is alisohitrly nci t nsary to <|i vilopc tliu sami CSignt'd,) It. ir. NoirroN, M. J. M. K, (South StulVonlHliiro), Hohitu of tcrtiticate of romiiotiiicy ns a colliiTy inanagu from the KngliHh GoviTiimuiit, iindir Mint'8 IJfgiilation Att, 1H72. I hereby certify tliat in thu Turtle Monntnin distrii t. in tho Nor'-wiht 'I't n ilorv tliere are about one liundred thousaml arres nf wodds, a great deal of whi( h i an In niiiniifa<'tnred into nierehaiitahle lumber, and that a railway fliither and lifyotid is ^i great disideratum lor developing the adjoiidng pi.drie. nTl'C). J. KLOTZ, Kmeuson, JTth .lanuary, 1880. I». L. S. ^t [). T. S. Extract copied from IT. S. Consul Taylor's speech, delivered at Emerson on Friday evening', IGth .Tanujiry, IMSO : — " It is a leading fact now well recognized, that certain urains. esiieeially wheat, produce their best results, both in (piantity and nualify, in th(.' most nortlniii limit of their growth, and that they eeasi; to be productive in that southern latitude where they refuse to pro, with ten years lo ]);iy in, and L'O a 'rt's of heavy, .standinj:' timber, and an ahiindani e of uotul sprinu water. ]f anian prefers to settle injar J'jne; in ho can buy plenty of u'ood land at \'ery n»o(h>rate pri e.s, and upon easy terms, ^vhei'e lu' will have both nnvi'.-ation and I'ailwav carriau'o for his i^Tain immediately. From J*]merson to tlie TurlK^ Mountains tliore is a u'ood aper there than anywhere else in the Nor'-wost just now, owing to the very large su])idy of wood. ^Settlers should buy oxen instead of horses, as they need not buy much, if any, grain for the oxen. Other pamphlets i)ublished by (iovernment, and obtainable from every agent either in Canada or England, give full details as to what a settler needs and prices he ought to pay. Emerson has a great number of good stores and shops, where everything can be bought that a settler needs. Emerson prices are lower than Winni[)eg prices, because rents and freight are less. In my opinion the best and cheapest route is by a C^anadian Steamship via the St. Lawrence in summer, and thence by the Grrand Trunk Railway, and the great lakes to Duluth ; whence there is connection by rail to AVinnipeg. In winter the route is from Liverpool via Portland or Halifax, and thence by G-rand Trunk Railway to Detroit, from this point by the Michigan Central Railway, Detroit to Chicago. Chicago, Mihvaukoe & St. Paul, Chicago to St. Paul. St. Paul & Pacific Railway, St. Paul to Emerson, Man. ir, iliA. I Counliy oil hy any )oc' in till' Aii'eiil will •uiilaius, ii ;iii uvt .';20 llin^'s) per ', .stiiudiiiu )iiy plenty 'asy terms, iniau'c Ibi' is a u'ood s all alonu' iso. Over rarriai»'(.' at iunil)i'r of II' country, /inu' to the uildin*'' is, else in the T of wood. need not obtainable 'nil details , Enicr.son !yerytliiii<»' are lower less. is by a imer, and t lakes to ipeg. Drtland or troit, from Paul. 1, Man. 1 ICiailT SOU!) lil'O.ASoNS WHY \ MAN SiloULI) SKT TIJ-: IN Till"] NnU-\V]':ST Ol- Till-] Do.MlNJON OF CANADA KATIIKi: THAN ANVWllKUK KLSi:. 1. M;init()l>( and th"- Ntn'-wesi have a niu !i lai'Li'er yield ol' wheal per acre. In piudOi which sec ( )lliv'ial IJeturns and U. S. Consul Taylor's spee«h at I'hnerson, Man.. .Ian. liiMid, 1S80. 2. Nortliern Minnesola and JJakola. whieh States alone pretend to be as g()od wheal-u'rowing' count ri"s as the honiinion Nor"-wesl are subject to higher winds and (*oldev than the Dominion. Proof — Government thermometers reiiistcied ^^^\ Christmas eve, .")1> below zero at Pembina, Dakota, and only 4tl below at Winni[)eu\ The reason ol" this is that the liritish Nor'-west is in a basin, the hei^iil of land b/inn' in Minnesota and Dakota. Another reason is that (he Rocky Mountains .are much lower in British Territory than in American, allowing the warm winds ol' the Pacilic to blow into the Territory. •>. British Ameriran whe.".t growers will be able lo scud their wheat much cheapt'r t(» the I"]uropean market than settlers in most parts of Minnesota and Dakota, owing to the Tact that tide-w^ater is many hundr('ds ol' miles»ncarcr Mani- toba than it is to those States. 4. AVe have the freest Government in the world, aiul the best ( onstitution. The state of society is much more peace- able and orderly in the Dominion than in the AVestern or Nor.'-AVestern States. AV^e know^ nothing of revolvers or })owie-knives. In the town of Emerson of 1500 inhabitants, we have not had during the past year a single grevious assault. Our Indians are loyal, friendly and honest. Life and property are absolutely safe. AVe have no lynch law; we need none. 5. In view of the probability ol" the confederation of the British Em])ire the chances are verv stronn' that American wheat will be shut ont of the r>ritish market — the market of the world. Ours will enter free, we in return receiving British manufactures free. This would mean that wheat would be IG worth at least 2n', n biislii;! more to the British Amn-ic.iii than to his covisin south of him. (). The Dominion prairies have a l^etter supply of better water. AnyoiM* can prove that by looking at maps of the country, where ne will sec liow our country is traversed in all directions by rivers. 7. Our supply of timber is much larger, east and west, we have interminable forests, while the American timber supply is being fast cixhaustcd. 8. The American Government lands that are good arejiow nearly all settled. This absolutely ensures the coming of the great loave^ of emigration in the coming years to th«' Dominion brill"; ing to us the astonishing prosperity which attended the settlinii- of the AVestern States. WIjNTER in MANITOBA. The telegrams that appear in Eastern papers, and that are copied into English papers and most industriously used against the country by the Americans, in regard to the great cold of the North-west, do us great injustice, and are to a great extent untrue. In the course of the w^inter we may have fifteen or twenty days wdien, at the coldest hour — the hour l)efore dawn — the thermometer may fall to 40, 44, 40 and very rarely 50 below zero, but very likely the same day at noon the thermometer will rise to zero, which state of temperature, with a strong sun which always shines with us, and the stillness that always accompanies these cold snaps, gives us a delightful day. Then the dryness of the atmosphere makes an astonishing difference. 1 will illustrate this difference by comi)aring our cold with the cold in Halifax, N.8., and London, England. In the same cold snap about C'hristmaslidc a brother of mine was in London, Avho gives me an account of the cold there. He told me that it was so raw and x'»^'netrating that, (>xert himself as he would, he could hardly kec]) from shivering. He says he never sulfered more in Onnada than he did in London. "I •icAii than \f of better :ips of the rsod in all I west, we ler supply )d are ?iow ling' of the Dominion ended the id that are ed against 'at cold of eat extent fifteen or e dawn — 50 below rmometer trong sun it always ay. Then lifierence. [ with the ^ame cold 1 London, told nie lelf as he says he 17 1 read an account of the same cold snap in Halifax, N.S., -^ivhich said that the thermometer fell to 15'^ below zero; that ]>eo])le who started for church on that Sunday evening had to turn back, some of them with frozen lingers, noses and ears. The writer spent that cold snap in Manitoba ; he drove his horse on Xmas ove some distance, when it was 50'^ below zero, and on Xmas day drove six miles with a large pleasure party of ten or twelve sleighs. It was a few degrees warmer, but not a single person of the many who went got the least frost- ])itten ; some of the party were dressed in furs, but many had none. In iiict their clothing was just the same as they would have worn in Halifax. This was the coldest weather they had known in Manitoba for many years. AYinter is, perhaps, the pleasantest season. We have plenty of sun everywhere in Canada, but the Nor'-west enjoys more sunshine than any part of the world I have seen or read of. From July to February we have not had one whole day of rain and not a i>reat many heavy showers. Yet we never suffer from drought, on account of the cool nights in summer and the heavy dews. AVe have had only one heavy snowfall, and at present we have not more than six or eight inches of snow on the ground. Our climate is fascinating. The longer a man has lived in the country the fonder he is of it ; there is no country under the sun that he would exchange for it. U. S. Consul Taylor, who is now getting to be an old man, and who has spent some ten years in the country, has never worn furs ; he wears a felt hat, a cloth coat and gloves, and the hearty greeting he gives his many friends on a winter morning (perhaps upon one of those 15 or 20 days) has not the slightest suspicion of a shiver about it. In fact, there are perhaps as many days in winter in the city of New York when ladies find it too cold to be out, as in the town of Emerson or the city of Winnipeg, Man. Stock can live out all winter — and grow fat. I have been troiibled by cows all v.nnter around my stables and yard, whose owners allow them to run loose, which, to a large extent pick u]) their own livinu'. and are iinariably fat. I have also seen herds of ponies in the Turtle Mountains which had never been stabled, picking ii]> their living on the open prairies, who were fatter than the well cared and fed, and not too hard worked horses we were driving. Having so little rain, cattle do as well as in many more southern countries where more rain falls. Manitoba is a good stock-raising country. 18 TESTIMONY IN FAVOTi OF DOMINION WHEAT LANDS. {From American J'aper — Philadelphin J'rese.) The greatest wheat-growing region in the world is now being opened to settle- ment. The largest and most productive portion lies within the British Province of Manitoba in North America. It is siitticiently prolific, when i'airly cnltivated, to make England independent of tiie United States for brcadstnfl's, and to create a powerfnl rivalry with ns elsewhere. On both banks of the Red River of the North, from its source to its entrance into Lake Winnipeg, and on liotli sides of the inter- n.ational boundary between Canada and the United States, exists this territory. Thence the fertile belt, of which it is the western extremity, sweeps in a north- western direction some 300 miles along the course of the two Saskatchewan rivers, and forward to the Rocky Mountains of the West, embracing an area, says a writer in the Nineteenth Century^ of at least 200,000.000 acr(!S, nearly the whole of which is to-day untouched prairie of the richest description. Si me the construction of the Northern Pacific Railway has been resumed, this region has l)eenmade accessible by the trunk line and lateral roads to immigrants. Within a f i w years the city of Winnipeg, at the junction of the Red River and the Assiniboine, has .«i)rung up from an Indian post of the Hudson Bay Company to be a well-built town of 8,0i)() inhabitants ; steamers have been introduced into the two rivers that unite at her wharves, and a continuous railway, 460 miles long, connects this Canadian city with St. Paul, the capital of Minnesota. In seven months, ending March 31, 1878, there were sold by the United States Government and the railways in Minnesota and Northern Dakotah 2,550,000 acres for actual and immediate settlement. In Manitoba and the Saskatchewan district, across the Canadian boundary, 3,000,000 acres of wheat land were allotted last year to actual settlers in this Province alone. The settlers in the Red River region are of the most substantial character — well-to-do farmers from the older States, from Iowa, Wisconsin, from Canada, and especially from the best parts of Ontario. They have been attracted to this remote part of the North-west by the peculiar advantages of its soil for wheat-growing. Thirty bushels to the acre is the average, while it often yields forty or fifty bushels. Thirty bushels to the acre of the first crop clears all outlay up to that time, returns the capital invested and leaves a first-rate fenced farm in a high state of cultivation for succeeding agricultural employment. " Where else," says the writer to whom we have referred, " is there a business that in twelve months repays all advances of its purchase and establishment, and leaves as a profit a money return and plant worth four times the original outlay ? It is this enormous profit that is bringing so many heavy capitalists into the ranks of this novel immigration, and inducing men who have already worked themselves into good position to abandon for a time the amenities of a settled life and embark once more in pioneer farming." A Mr. Dalyrmple, in 1877, had 8,000 acres under cultivation. They yielded him twenty- five bushels to the acre, or over 200,000. His total outlay for seed, cultivation, harvesting and threshing was under $10 per acre, leaving him a margin of $15, or $120,000 on his 8,000 acres. This was in Minnesota, but north of the Canadian line they get a much larger yield than this, and in twenty-seven miles along the Assini- boine River in 1877 over 400,000 bushels were harvested, that averaged considerably over thirty bushels to the acre. In the North-western Provinces of Canada, wheat often produces forty and fifty bushels to the acre, while in Southern Minnesota twenty bushels is the average crop, in Wisconsin only fourteen, in Pennsylvania and Ohio fifteen. In Prince Albert and other new settlements on the Saskatchewan forty bushels of spring wheat, averaging sixty-three pounds to the bushel, have been raised. In the southern latitudes the warm spring developes the juices of the plant too rapidly. They run into stalk and leaf, to the detriment of the seed. The extent of this enormous and rich British territory is comparatively unknown in the United States. It is estimated at 2,984,000 square miles, whilst the whole of the United States south of the international boundary contains 2,933,000 square miles. 1!> LANDS. d to settle- province of Itivated, to to create a the North, the inter- 1 territory. 1 a north - kvan rivers, a writer iu .:h is to-day e Northern ' the trunk innipeg, at ndian post ; steamers continnous capital of the United li 2,550,000 katchewan re allotted haracter — anada, and his remote tt-growing. ty bushels, ne, returns cultivation r to whom dvances of and plant is bringing d inducing for a time ?." A Mr. im twenty- ;ultivation, of $15, or ladian line bhe Assini- nsiderably ada, wheat Minnesota Ivania and katchewan shel, have ices of the leed. The )wn in the ale of the lare miles. .i. In its centre is Lake "Winnipeg, throe Imndrod miies long, fifty to sixty miles wide — the future Black Hua of Canada. At tliree of its four corners it receives the waters of a large river, the main trunk of a hundred smaller une.s ; at the remaining north- east angle a fourth and larger river, the Dardiiuelles ot thi^ system, conveys the uccuniulated waters of nearly a milliou square miles into Hudson f'ay. This Lake Winnii)eg receives tlie drainage of the future wheat tield of the world. The Saskatehewan from its deboucl^.er into the lake eastward from the Rocky Mountains by one branch runs over a cou!S(^ (if 1,054 miles ana OFFICES : MAIN STREET, WINMPEG. WEST LYNNE. ST. PETER STREET, MONTREAL. &c. C. J. BRYDaES, L a nd Co mm issloner 26 The Best Ocean Steamship Line for Emigrants PROM THE OLD COUNTRY TO BRITISH AMERICA IS UWH ..,i.u;. ;\ niMiKPiiR Steamers Weekly from LIVERPOOL to QUEBEC in Summer, and PORTLAND in Winter. Agents Everywhere give Oheerfally the Information and Guidance that Emigrants need. o Special .iirangements made for sending Emigrants to the fertile wheat fields of SOUTHJERIsr MJLNITOBJL. F. P. ARMSTRONG, Messrs. D. TORRANCE & Co., Agent, Agents, Montreal. EMERSON , Man, GKAND TRUNK RAILWAY I OF CANADA. THEOOICIIEST&CHUPISTROgnTOIimBt EveryJAccommodation is offered Settlers travelling by thr Grand Trunk Railway. DO NOT BE LED OUT OF YOUR MOST DIRECT ROUTE. Apply for full information to Steamship Agents at Liverpool, and at Office of Grand Trunk Eailway, 21 Old Bond Street, London, B.C. JOSEPH HIGESON, Gen. Man. G. T. Railway. 27 rants ummer ■"■ I d Guidance irtile ^.gent, OJS, Man, ffAY I ni by KOUTE. •pool, and on, E.G. N, Railway. I Y (LATE ANGUS. LOGAN & CO.) MEannraclnrerN of i ENVELOPE PAPERS AND ENVELOPES. Manilla, Brown, Grey and Straw Wrapping Papers, Roofing, Felt and Match Paper, Strawboard and Paper Bags, Card and Card Board, Blank Books. Importers of every Description of Fine Writing and Jobbing Papers, and General Stationery. Mills at Windsor Mills, and Shcrbroohe, I\Q. 374, 376, 378 ST. PAUL ST., MONTREAL. Branch House: 11 FRONT STREET, TORONTO. IVILLIAM EVANS, Seedsman to the Coaneil of AgricQlture for the Province of Anebeo, IMPOKTKR AND (iROWKR (iP Field, Garden and Flower Seeds. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. WABEHOtJSES : Nos. 89, 91 and 93 McQILL STEEET, Comer 106 and 108 Foundling Street, and over St. Ann's Market, Catalogues on application. Packages forwarded by mail. JOHN SGHULTZ^ OFFICE : DEALER IN njE^^i^ e^t^^te:. ao.o In various parts of Manitoba for sale. Town Lots in Winni])eg. Selkirk and Portage la Prairie. Buildings in Winnipeg and Selkirk to rent. IST 28 GOVERNMENT OF CANADA Post Office Savings Bank. 1 — Three hundivd Post Office Saving's Banks in Ontario and Quebec are open daily for the receipt and repayment of deposits during the ordinary hours of Post Office business. 2. — The direct security of the Dominion is given by the Statute for all deposits made. 3. — Any person may have a deposit account, and may deposit yearly any number of dollars, from $1 up to $300,. or more with the permission of the Postmaster Greneral. 4. — Deposits may be made by married women, and deposits so made, or made by women who shall afterwards marry, will be repaid to any such woman. 5. — As respects children under ten years of age, money may be deposited : — FiRSTL'^. — By a parent or friend as Trustee for the child, in which case the deposits can be withdrawn by the Trustee until the child shall attain the age of ten years, after which time repayment will be made only on the joint receipts of both Trustee and child. Secondly. — In the child's own name — and, if so deposited, re- payment will not be made until the child shall attain the age of ten years. H. — A depositor in any of tho Savings Bank Post Offices may continue his deposits at any other of such Offices, without notice or change of Pass Book, and can withdraw money at that Savings Bank Office which is most covenient to him. For instance, if he makes his first deposit at the Savings Bank at Cobourg, he may make further deposits at, or withdraw his money through, the Post Office Bank at Collingwood or Quebec, Sarnia Brockville, or any place which may be con- venient to him, whether he continue to reside at Cobourg or remove to some other place. 7. — Each depositor is supplied with a Pass Book, which is to be produced to the Postmaster every time the depositor pays in or withdraws money, and the sums paid in or with- i drawi \)ayin js.- Oene re<'eii<" Postn depi>s tor apply carei'i l)eca\i not iVom U.- on th PxM.k Book time posst 10 do sc him ever 4 29 DA Ontario meat of ess. by the id may MOO,, or ieposits ry, will ley may hild, in rrustee which ^ipts of ited, re- he age 3S may ithout ney at. I. For mk at iw his •od or 3 coii- irg- or ich is •ositor with- j I drawn :ire (Uilfivd th<'r»'iii Uy Ih*' rostiuayter reoeiviuft* or payiiiks of the J)epartmeiit, and for insi-rlion of inter(?st. The i)Ook will he returned to him ])y iirst nuiil. At no other time should a depositor sutler his book to be out of his own possession. 10. — When a depositor wish(>s to withdraw moiu'y. he can do so by applying to the Postnuister General, who will send him by return nuiil a cheque for the amount, payable at what- ever Savings Bank lV)st Oihce the depositor may have named in his iipplication. 11. — Interest at the rate oJ' 4 pev cent, per annum is allowed on deposits, and the interest is added to the principal on the 30th June in each year. 12. — Postmasters are forl)idden by law to disclose the name of any depositor, or the amount of any sum deposited or withdrawn. 13. — No charge is made to depositors on paying in, or draw- ing out money, nor for Pass Books, nor for postage on com- munications with the Postmaster Greneral in relation to their deposits. 14. — The Postmaster G-eneral is always ready to receive and attend to all applications, complaints or other communications addressed to him by depositors or others, relative to Post Office Savings Bank business. 15. — A full statement of the Ivi'gulations of the Post Office Savings Bank may be seen in the Official Postal (.ruide, and at any Post Office in the Dominion. Post Office Department, Ottawa, September, 1879. so DOMINION OF CANADA. aiTFEEE GBa:7TS O? 160 ACRES CF PEAIBIE LAXD ^-e ga^TEES GEA^tTS OF 100 to 200 Jl^^VJES CF WOOD LA^TD &k »ar?A?.TIALLY CLEAHED FABlsLS a:!.T> BTTrLDiyGS =27 •» , ^:^m.. :^ J'- ASSISTED FAS3AGSS. f . - - . . A i..i...Ci Vwt.a i.n Ass.srei o Cana-Ji at tht ro^iow:".^ rates A'-T"' A'Ju.tH, £;5 't?. : Cii:.l'ea tml^r eight year? £2 lOa. sTg. : and InfantA under cr.e vear, lOs, Dunrg the "arinter month? 'Special Ajwiifltod Pas-cagc:5 w-Ji t>s iivec to Queb c ■• i'/ Halifax for £5 5s- Fc-ma'e Donoestic Servants ait^r tha optzung of the St. Lawr^ence 5av]gatioTi.: £^ stg. J he aVyV'j a.rra.-.i*Trient.s rcrr.ii.n va!;'! until further norlce. .A.]i inforrnarion reUt:.-:^' to Pa-s-enger V.'arrants. in the United Kingdor.i. rf.^y be obtained either f>ervjnally or by letter, from the Canadian Chief LviK/kAlION \'AM1. 31 ''^V?.?.N Vl .TORIA .St.. C E.. LoNIcOK. ENGLAND. Erni^rar.Ls on arrival in Canada, '^^•iii nnd Agentii of the Govemnient at the following places : — OvffcK,.— I.. Stafford. Kingston. Ont. — R. McPherson. MoNTkKAi.. — lohn T. Dalev. Otiaaa. Oni'— U.' f. W ills ToRo.vTO. Ont. — J. A. Donaldson. H.wfiLTON. Ont. — John .Smith. L/jndon. O.vt. — A. G. Smith. In the Maritime Provinces there are the following Government Officers : }{aL!?a:';. N. S. — ¥.. Glay. .And in Ma.'.;;o};a : — Winnipfig. — W. Hespeler. .St. John. X. B. — Samuel Gardner. DufFRRiN. — J. E. Tetu. DuLUTH. — W. C. B. Graham. 'ITie Officers of the Government will meet even,- Steamship. Sailing \'essel, and Train bringing Immigrants. They will afford to ail who apply *.o thern the fullest advice and protection. They will also furnish infor- mation as to lands open for settlement in the respective Provinces and Districts, fa.frns for sale, demand for employment, rates of wages, routes of travel, distances, expense of conveyance, and will receive and forward letters and remittances for immigrants. (SlX, .Ml information which immigrants obtain from the Agents of the Dominion they rnay accept as reliable. Dkpart.ml.nt of Agriculture, Ottawa, 1S80. per ho: :il ^: ifl^ ^:m ^.'^^f^^^ig 'CIRCULAR. CUSTOMS D EPART MENT. REGULATIONS GOVERNITN'G TRAVELLERS' CARRIAGES, ice., CROSSING THE FRONTIER- To ensure uniformity at the frontier f/^rts in dealing with *• fjirnagc<» of travellers and carriages laden with merchandise." and to afford the utmost facilit)' to parties \i»iting tjie I^jminion for tran-^iert f/irj/ov:-!, consistent with the protection of the k-.vcnje. the MinuUr 0/ Cuilom:. has approved of the follo-.vin^,' *• Kct^-ilation* ir.d Re»iriciion.s." 1st — Regular stages and hacks, when the owTien or the dn%'er^ are known to the oif.cers. may ^^e allowed to crfrss the frontier and return. within two days, without bein? re-^^uirefi to make an entry at the Custom House, subject only to the ordinar> exarninatioru search and inspection. 2nd. — Travellers intending to remain within the I>>m:nior; for a longer per.'>d than two days are required in ill ca-« and traveiiinz equipage ; and :n cas«s where they do not intend to leave at the same po:nt at which they enter, or are uncertain on that point, they will deposit wiu: the r.'ollecior the f-il! amount of duty on such horses, ca.-r'ages. and other dutiable articles, to b^ returned on^y on their furnishing satiificto.n e^iderce that the same irr^clei have l/een rerumed unchanged to the United States. Travellers Intending to leave at the p-ort of ena^- nuy be allowed to e.-ter a.s above, and, in bru of cash- to give a >Dnc. »ith an approved resident virer.. coverng the antount of duty, and -^-.th the additior^a. cond::: .,n ti:-at such bond shall be enforced if the tinie spec.ned therein be exceeded. 5rd — Tne r.nie to be al>>wed tra'.'e:Iers in esti*er '-^v^ shail not cxceisd ".r.-r caltndar n::-th i.'.d if ti'-a: time 'ir. exceeidcd- trx: exunes snali be K^ f.di ctiir.cs dur^u and ?>: iac.uCcd 2i tJt^t Zf^jjfiz.'.h x"^ — Ali m-cnies re-:e:v*d by Collectors on det:o«tt, under t.h« above Reg-— il^/l-:. :ha_ z-z. d ijcni^:^ deported -jJ ifU'.nm :n a bank, .n the Co-le'Ct-srs naru.-: . and 2' there is no vmlc 2.vi.la.ble. theti .n >'jrz^ other place 01 scJiunt;.- ^tt: the CoLlcctt^-s cre-in ind a separate ifx.rjnrr: of the rece.it and di:>fi.il tt s-oh iec^^.t shou.d be scm cuarjerlv to the rth. — T'.T tntnti in ruoh uiic iho^.;lv shai. be .^.jn^shed tr;. 's'^r.j^ iha-1 be ';^ lemt.: for J JOHNSON. n MONTREAL, Canada. The best Paper for people to take who are contemplating eniigration to Canada. The best Paper for people to take who have friends settled in Canada. The best Paper for the Canadian farnier and settler to take. IT IS ONLY ONE DOLLAR A YEAR. Send a Post Office order for one dollar or 4s. stg. and you will receive for one year A CAREFULLY EDITED WEEKLY NEWSPAPER Giving 8 pages of well printed matter, containing the BSST MJinSSET nsponTS Compiled with care, showing prices of l^roduce at different points in the Dominion. FULL llEPORTS OF ALL EVENTS Of local interest occuring during the week. CAliEFl 'LL Y P HEP ABED LETTERS Yxom our own Corres])ondents at all points throughout the Dominion. TRY IT FOP A YEAR. THE DAILY GAZETTE Is the leading daily newspai)er of the Province, and is of especial value 10 merchants, bankers and business people. PRICE $6.00 A YEAR. Address orders to RICHARD WHITE, Managing Director, GAZETTE PRINTING COMPANY, .^lOKTREAI., C'anadn. •WILLIAM BEiLCH 5s CO., ARK A(ii;.\T.S rciK TIIK DAILY. $6.00. Q- A. Z ZED T T IEj , weekly. $1.00. 9IONTREAI., C'Hiuula. UixUts for Pkintinc or Ai>VKUTisix(i left with tiiein will receive prompt and careful attention. RICHARD , "WHITE, Jl/anar/inc/ l>irecfor, GAZKTTE PRIXT1N(; COMPANY, MONTREAL, Canada. Tl DOHON IM OF SmiSHIF!; Composed of the following Firnt-Class Full- Powered, Clyde- Built, Uouble-Engined Iron Steamers: OTTAWA, 3,650 Tons. BROOKLYN, 3,575 do DOMINION, 3,200 do TEXAS, 2,750 do MISSISSIPPI, 2,600 do MONTREAL, 3,284 Tons. TORONTO, 3,284 do ONTARIO, 3,200 do TEUTONIA, 2,700 do QUEBEC .2,600 do St. LOUIS, 2.000 tons. RUNNING FROM LIVERPOOL VN CONSECnoS WITH THEGMl TRUNK BAILWAY COMPANY OF CANADA FROM GREAT BRITAIN TO MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES, AND HAS EXCELLENT ACCOMMODi^.TION FOR Cabm a&d Stserage Fasseigers at Beduced Bates. For Further Information, Apply to FLINN, MAIN & MOf TGOMERY, Manaijhtff Directors. Harvcy Buildings, 24 James Street, LIVERPOOL, °'"' DAVID TORRAITCE & CO-, General si gent* for Canada, i( ITALIAN WAREHOUSE." aEKM^^IlT & CO. DEALERS IN ^nmtU$> fmimm, %t\hm$, 1fiit^$* SPIRITS ANr> CIOARS. Agents for Thomas' Winnipeg Brefrery. HIGHEST PRICE paid for all kinds of COUNTRY PRODUCE. EMERSON, MAN. MAIN STREET, \ Opposite Anglo-American Hotel, s FEED & SALE STABLES, PARK STREET, EMERSON. oo TO SETTL^JRS. le- Transportation to PPMBINA or TUETLE MOUNTAINS at reduced rates. OFFICE-MAIN STREET, EMERSON. TERROT & TENNANT, Proprietors. FOSTER €£ COe Harness & Saddlery. We can sell any kind of Harness as cheap as in Ontario. , V^ COME AND GET YOUR COLLARS MADE TO FIT. "m AVE TV.^RR^'^^NT -A.LL OUK AVOKlv. Ox Harness, Double & Single, and Carriage Harnesses. SADDLES— ENGLISH AND MEXICAN. We intend to work busily, and have a large stock on hand. TRUNKS k VALISES AND ALL MANNER OF LEATHER WORK. Orders carefully filled