IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET {MT-3) % f/ ^/ k ^ ,.v /# .V'*^ fA 1.0 I.I 1^ 128 L25 i 1.4 ■Hi m 1.6 :| V v: '> > V Hiotogrcphic Sciences Corporation 31 WEST MAIN STXEET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 W.^ i\ '^- ^N -1?>\ ^ .^' ^^ . 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of- Lihrary of the Public Archives of Canada L'exemplaire fiimi fut reproduit grflce k la g6n6rosit* de: La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending en the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. 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Sir, — It seems to be the thinp, just now, to reoall the leading events < ' the coiiiitry by way of " I'orsonal llecolle.tionH. '' The report of ex mayor Harmon, of Detroit, on the br.ttle of Windsor, and the interesting account iu your paper of the grt at naval duel between the Alaban)a and the Kear- e»2e, in which one ot our Chatham boys, William Gouin, was ■: hero, and the stiJl later very interestir account by .Tames Dougall, Esq ; of tic battle of Wicdaor, have led me to recall some of my rtcoUec- tions of a memorable event that took place during the rebellion of 1837, and I venture to ma^e my contribution to that eventful pf^riod by giving you the particulars of the Caroline expedition and scn.e oth r in- cidents of the time, I was not on the western frontier at all during the trcubles, and can, therefore, say nothiim about them np here. Besides, your recent rrticlc on the lecessity for a mote comprehensive Ex- tradition treaty between the States and Canada reminds me that the destriK-fiou • f the Caroline was the occasion of that treaty ; and the inquiry just made in the Diniinion Parliament as to the intention ot the (Gov- ernment to recojjnize iu some way the ser- vices of tJie men who were eiigJi^ed in put- ting down the: rebellion of 'H7. suggests this as an appropriar* time for one's ttatements. This steamer was " cut out" on the night of the 29th of Dec, 1837, atSc!hIo8ser,on th».' Niagpra River, in the State of N«w York. She had been built fi r salt water sailing, was copper- bottomed, aud " a .lecent little craft," as her owner described her, and had been brought thro' the livers and the Wcl- land canal to Buffalo, whence she set out in December, 1837, to do the piratical work of William Lyon MiKen/ie and the Patriots and rebels with him on ^'avy Island. The cause, character and consf quences of that expedition are scarcely known to thope of the present day— such histories as I have seen making scant rtfcrcnce to it. Most of the actors in the enterprise, Quorum par* fui, have. I fear, passed away, or left Cansda ' but I am led to think that my recollections of that event will not be without iiSterest to many of your readers, even nt this late day. The priiniiry object was to prevent the rebels, patriots, and AmerJcan sympa- thiziTS, brigands or pirates, as they wer*? called, from receiving flirther aid from the Stales, The second was to show the Amo- rican Government that, if it could not con- trol its own people, and keep them from coming into our territory with arms, we v^ould do it for thtin. It was a work oi great danger, owing to the very rapid current of the Niagara Kiv- er, our ignorance of the force on the steam- er, ani the darkness of the night, Suhlosser being only two miles above the Fall?. I re member it being said that the breaking oi an ( ar th.it night would be the loss of tlie boat and her crew. If not a coup d'etat, it was a coup do main that led to serious consequences, and gave rise to some important questions. The rebel camp or Navy Island was soon broken up ; a fierce stu.te of feeling through- cut the States, from Maine to Louisiana aroufed. The two Covernments of , Great Britain and the United States were brought face to face on the question of ini,ernatiwnal rights and obligations Then came various acts of public violence by American sub- jects, such as the attempts at invasion at Maiden, Windsor and Prescott, blowing up Brook's monument, the cutting out and burning of steamer Sir Robert Peel ; the shooting of Uahei , and the threats to shoot Sir Allan McNabb, and every one engaged in the work ; the trial of Mc'^ c jd for mur- der, at Utica,in 1841 ; the A if Congresss of the 10th of March, 1838. for the pre- " cis" purpose of more effectually restrain- " ing military enterprises from the United "States into the British Provinces, by au- " thorizing the uee of more sure and decis- " ive preventive means ;" and the further Act ot CoDcress affecting the rights of the Federal and State Courts, and declaring, that, if such caties should arise thereafter, they should immediately be transferred to the Courts of the United States, and tho' laft, not least, to the Extradition Treaty, in 1842, between Great Britain and the United States. Vv Tho world of tha* day had uot received tlie tinry liaptidin in international Law, State rights and Foreign Euliatine'ut Acta, that it has aince got through the great < ivil war of our neighbora, with its Bcintilla- tions in thw way of the Alabama, St. Al- bans, et'!.; but the correspondence between Mr. Webster, the Secretary of State in the Cabinot of President Harrison, and Mr, Fox, the British Minister at Washington, hhews a very critical e'lte in tho diplo- matic relations of the two countries ; and there is no doubt that, if McLeod hcd not been released war would have been the iin- niodiate result, and the ports of N'jw York, Bonton and other harbors would have been made fan;iljar with cutting out operations. Indeed, it was on the flcorof the Senate of ths United States charged against Mr. VVebster. that, as Secretary of State, in writing to the Governor of tho State of New York, on the subject of McLeod's trial, he had supported his arguments by saying if McLeod was .lot released the city ot New ^'ork would be laid in a.Hhes. I need hardly tell your readers that a cutting out process like this is a naval one, .conducted with great* secresy, consisting of one or more boats, with muffled oir^, men armed with cutlasses, pistols and boarding pikes, attacking, under cover of night, a hostile ship lying in port, and effooting her capture or destruction. This torpedo age will somewhat change the character of these visits ; but while making them more destructive, t^'U rob them of much of their old prestige, where personal courage and cool determination where the qualities most re- quired in tho attacking party. Onr party conxiited of seven boats, with nine men each, the boat being the ordinary "yawl" of the schooners and steamers then in port. I cannot do better than give the words of Sir Allan, in his evidence in McLflod's trial : "A body ot militia was assembled a*, Chippewa, in the month of December, 1837, and January, 1838, to the number of between C.OOO and 3,000, to re- pel an expected invaaion from rebels and American brigands assembled on Navy Is- land, and on the Amerioan shore, neai Schlosser. They were ordered out by the Lieut. -Governor, Sir F. B. Head. I as- sumed command of the forces there by his directions. I remember the last time when the Caroline came down previous to her de- struction. From information 1 had rejeiv- ed I had every reason to believe she came for fhe express purpose of assisting the re- bels on Navy Island with men, arms, am- munition, provisions, stores, etc. To as- certain that fact I sent officers with in- structions to watch the movements of the boat rn.i report the same to me. These gentlemen told me they saw her land a caonon, several men armed and equipped as soldiera, and that she had rtropped hnr anchor and"? the east side of Navy Island. t'() . . Ml • information I had previously re- cencd from highly respectable sources in Buffalo, tog(;thnr with tho report of these gentlemen, I determined to destroy hnr that night. I entrusted the commiind of the expedition for that purpose to Captain A. Drew, R. N. I ordered the expedition, and first commuicaterl it to Capt. Drew on the beach when the men embarked. A short time previous to tho embarkation Capt. Drew was ordered to take and de- stroy the Caroline wherever he could find her. Seven boats ^ere equipped and left the shore, but 1 do not know the number of men in each boat. The last five words of that order, "whenever he could find her,' nearly fired the continent at well as the Caroline. As indicated by Sir Allan's testimony , there was great secrocy in the movement, and it was supposed the steamer would be found a* Navy I>jland instead of the Amenoan snore. I belonged to a 3om- pany of volunteers which was organized in King street, Hamilton, on our way down, and chiis^eoed by Sir Allan with hia usual l;>ve of a joke. "The Elegant Extri cl '," as it was composed of young gentlemen, chiefly from Londo ■, Wood- stock, Hamilton and other p'acea— some 35 strong. Upon our company that night a call was made for as many volunteers as would go in for some work. The invita- tion was very gHnerally accepted. We were furnished with a cutlass and pistol. I rembmber saying to the officer who gave mo the latter. " Had you not better give me another i" to which be replied, "when you have used that you'll find you don't want another." The pistol was a single barrel and flint look. By nine o'clock we were at the beach, having no idea uf uur destination. An incident occurred here that 1 may be pardoned for mentioning. Hearing that my friend John Askin, of London, tho eldest son of the late Col. Askin, and brother of our late friend, Dr. Askm of this place, and one of onr company had come down to the beach after the brmts had got their complements, I foolishly said I v/'ould give hiin my seat and get one in another boat, having no idea of the strict rules of the service at a time Ike this. After trying to get into an- other boat without flncccsp.I went to Col. MacNa.b and Capt. Drew, who were stand- ing under the trees on Chippewa Creek and explained my position. Sir Allan's answer wrb thoroughly characteristic of him for at fifteen years of ago he was an | ensif^n and engaged in defence of the [ fort at York when it was blown up in 1813 : ''Why, you d d youTig scamp, j if you want to be shot, give my compli- ments to Capt. Beer, and tell hiin to take ', you m. " This was more easily eaid than done, however, but by the aid of my friends I got into the boat quietly and lay on a pile of wet sand with my knees to ray cbiu until we reached the lin«l point of departure, a mile or bo up the river where the last orders were to be given tu the oflicera in commtind. In due timo we reached our rendezvous, but two of the boats failed to \,a>' in an appearance, although we waited for them some time n^ar ti waiehoueo, not far from the steamer. Only live boats wore present, or soiao 45 men ir all. Those were commanded by Captains Drew, R N., Harris, 11. N., (ihe father of Messrs, Edward and George B. Har- ris of London). Beer, R.N., MoOormick R. N., and Zealand. 1 can i»nly rooall a few names of those present — Hamilton O'Reilly, Frederick Cleverly, John A. Fraser, A. W. Bchweiger, John Gordon, and W. S Light. My old friend, Capt. J.W.Taylor,of the L»ke Shore, Raleigh, says lie vrsa one of the number,and the captain asone of the most expert and dar- ing sean" ^n, would hnd himself at home in this night's work. The Americans always claimed that the steamer wa'? not hostilely engaged and not prepsred for a visit such as oura. So f "^r from this being the case, as we ap- proached her bow we were challenged by a sentry demanding : V^)!^** comes there T' and on our keeping quiet, he repeated the question, saying : "Answer or I'll firo," and he soon did hie into us. In support of this.l give an exTact from the evidence ot Gilman Apploby uf the steamer, at McLeod's trial : "J her© were 33 men on board, 10 of whom com- posed the orew, none of whom were armed ; the first shot was from the river side near the bow of the boat ; heard H two guns, but could not be positive ; the next report was that of a gun fired on board the boat." Then one (Stewart says, " when we first 8a:w the boats they were nearly abreast the bow of the steamer, and out ia thestreasn. I told Capt. Kennedy that he had better call thera, (the people on hoard, j up from the lower cabin. The boats were headed towards the steamer. Capt. Koiinedy call- ed them from h^low. A frw jtiinntes bo- fore a man by the nH'.rie of Nichols caiii'^ on board and remained on deck ; he hailed them, asking who comes there, or aome- thing like it, that the j\.iBwer was ' fri-nds.' They appeared then to spring oq their oars; the boatd were four or five rods ott." This witness ptoves t^e challenge, butsuppiess- eH the fact of hichols firing. The crews of our boat boarded fore and aft, and on ^oth sides. Captain Stephen McCormick, R. N., was badly wounded, and 1 supported hun tor some time before his removal f'om the- steamer. He was- given a punsiou of £100 a year for this. Strange to say, when the trial was made to set the boat on fire nothing would burn, and for some little time the material taken b f Capt. Drew for the purpose known as a "carcass" was forgotten, but on being b ought 'orward it soon did its work. The story of any person being on the steamer when sht went over the Falls was never believed by any of ua. Even Durfee was not killed on the bout, but on the land and the evidence of the f osecution show- ed that the shot was from the land side. I saw no '>no on her when we left, and the evidence given on McLeod's tnal shows that C^pt. Drew and his men were anxious to let the men get ashore and simply cap- ture the boat, which was tied to the dock. One of the witnesses for the prosecution at McLeod's trial said, " After setting the Caroline on fire the attacking party got into their boats and rowed up towards the warehouse, which, together with the public house we expected they would attack, but they did not. Then they went back to the Caroline, took her in tow, and carried her jnto the stream. " Another witness describes the attempt to set her en fire. He being in the cabin, says, •'previous to my going out of the cabin, one of them said, ' what shall do with this fellow?' Kill him, said another. No, take take him prisoner, said a third. An officer said, ' we don't want prisoners, let him go ashore.'" On getting the steamer into the 8tre:ira we left her and had to tun the gauntlet of the batteries on Navy Island, the light from the boat making us a fine target for the'.r guns, and between the current and the batteries, we realized with ^orce Vir- gil's well knovra verae, lucidit In Seyllam qui vult vitare Charybt^m, hot the days of " bulls' eyes " were not yet, and so we escaped unhurt. I did not see the Caroline go over the FalU, as be- fore this happened we weio in bed. In 1881 I fell in with a fine genial gen- tlemai:'-'/ person at Duluth, who was intro- duced to me as Col. Waite, who had been at Navy Island in 1837, and he said he was in command uf the guns that were fired at us that niglit as we returned from our ^ork . at 8«hlos«cr, :t;id we had a hoarty laugh over the way in which he Jjid'nt hit ur. The trial of McLeod was an absorbing event at the time, and I am «ure * fuller referonoe to it will be welcome to many of your readern. JVlcLeod had been for n any years the Deputy .Sheriff of the N'Bgara Diatrict. Mr. \Vebster, in his defence of the Tr. aty 0^ Wasliinj^ton, in the Senate in A|riS lb4(i, makes this statement : " Beiuy on tbi» side of the line, and making fuilish and falec boasts of his martial ach)i ve ments, McLood was arrested iu Nov. 1S40 on the cliargo of the murder in captiiiing the Ciiroliue, and committed to prison bv the authorities of New y^rk. Ho was bailed ; but violence and mobs over-uwed the Courts, and he was recommitted. 'Jhis was an important and very exciting occur- rence. Mr. Fox made a rtemand for Ids i«3- lease. The administration of VanJJvren roused itself and looked around to ascer- tain its position. Mr. Fox again asserted that the destruction of the Caroline waa an act of public force,dono by public authoritv, and avowed by the ICnghsh Government us ♦he American Government had long bifore known." The demand by Mr. Fox, in his despatch of March, 1841, to Mr. Wabst t, had the true ring about it, and toundd like that un- der which Mason and SHdell were given up in 1861, bcth the inspiration of Lord Pal- merston. Here it is : " And the under- signcd is now instructed to again demand from the Government of the lJuite<41, Mr. Webster expressed the Presi- dent's satinfaction at hia being prepared to enter a nolle prosequi in the case. Mr. Webster, as Seoretary of State, had direct- ad that Mr. Crittenden, then United States Attorney-General, should go to Utica and see that McLeod got tlie full benefit ot tho positi( n taken by our Government, and ac- cepted by his own, that, being an act of public force, no individual of tl . di- tion should he held responiiible. JSJ Ji of the evidence of this trial was taken by commissi jn and the late Judge Brough, ot Goderich, was the commissioner, and I re- collect acting as Secretary for him when taking evidence atUamilton. The conduct of Judge Gridley, who tried this case, was most impartial, and while accepting as he did, and as he v/ai bound to do, the ruling of thp Sap^-eine Court of the State, on that hi>noh nf the defence that deprived tlio jirisoner of tlio pOHttion talceo hy the two (iovernmenta, he called Hpeciul attoution to that part uf the evi dence undei cominiHsion nn bhewing that, if McLeod More really tiiere, lie would not have sought the evidenne of the very men whc uonld have proved him jj^'i'^y- ^^^ only cvidenoe taken liy coininiAtation of lii^lt hon- or could ask, or a nation of high honoi could give, snoultl be obtained for the viola- tion of territorial sovereignty, and that was obtained concurrently with the setclement of other questions in 1842," by the Ash- burton Treaty Among these, as I h»ve said before, was the Extradition Treaty under which the " Patriot Societies," or "Hunters' Lodges" then in full operation, with companies and otlicers to carry on w-,r in Canada, were cempletely broken up. iiy-the-way we are apt to forget how important a measure that Extradition Treaty was, for while it was tl^e tirst of the kind between (Jieat Britain and the United States, it was a provision that had never before been known in any treaty betweed European nations, although since adopted by many of them, and Mr. Web- ster says of it, "I uudertake to say that the article for the extradition of olienders has been of more value to this country, and it is of more value to the progress of civil- ization, the cause of humanity, and the good uncterstaut'iug between nations than can be readily computed." 1 ought to say, while this trial settled the impoitant inter- national difficulties, it also settled the mo- momentous question of what constitutes the genus •'dead-head," so well known at the present day. One of the witnesses, who bad been on the Caroline that day, deaoribes Jiimself as a dead-head, and ex- plains to the Court that he did not pay fare, but turned in and gave a lift as occa- sion required. The expansion of tlie ci'iminal code since 1842 shews the necessity of having the basis of the Extradition Treaty extended so as to protect both the Uui^^ed States and Canada from the villains who escape from cithet side and find asylums here and there. The trsaty originally provided for the sur- render of seven classes of offenders, viz., persons ch^^rgcd with murder, or asaault with intent to comuiib uurder, piracy, ar- son, robbery, forgery, or the utterance of forged paper. No «hann« has since lieen made m tlM> crimes fi r whicli extradition osn lie hud under it ; but this shouhl no longer b( delayed, and I am glad to see that the disposition of bolii (Governments Ih prcally to extend the list of oflenccs, and the mode of procedure, an has been done by statute in England and Canada. The Uiiiloc'' States niithorities, as re- marked l)y Chid .Justice Hagarty not long a^:o, liavvi aUv.i,\M surreutlered otlVnders promptly and without legal quibbling, and in thi.i we rthould follow their good exam- ple, and pi event our border towns iroiu be- coming harbors of refuj.e for the criminals of cither country. But ought v.a to stop with an expandf d extradition treaty ; Do the times not demand soiiu thing more? Why should not the (JoveiTunents of the day, American, European and Asiatic form onogreT!t international confraternity, with a view to the enppreeision and surrender, not of the ordinary criminnia only, but tiie eA'traordinarv cuts as well, found in the ranks of tiic dynamiters. Socialists, Anarchicts, Nihilifts, etc. ? The Edmund's Bill ns introduced into the Senate of the United States within an hour after the I'eport had reached Wash- ington of the dynamite attcmi)t8 upon the British House of '^'ommons and the Tower of London, is the key note ti> this leu;i9la- tion, and all ho lor is due to that gentleman for the bold and noble step thus taken by him. And it is encouraging to see that Senator Bayard who so prominently identic tied himself with this measure in the Senate, has been made Secretary of State in President Cleveland's cabinet. Why should the United States, the refuge^ of all the peoples of the world— whose portals are thrown open to oppressed humanity everywhere, bo made thdforgeand labora- tory of all the infernal machines and ex- plosives that the Rofiaas and Mosta choose to hurl against the innocent and helpless ot the world : It is an outrage upon the liberties of a luountry .such as the U^nited States, and 1 am persuaded the moral sense of that great people will in due time pro- vide a menn.s for the suppression of such practices and co-operate to the fullest ex- tent with other governments in the exter- mination of these devils incarnate and their fiendish work. " And now having dotre with the important events connected with the (jaroline, let us recall some of the liyjhter incidents of that day. The winter was open till February though there had been sleighing just before Xmas, as we went from Oxford to Chip- pewa in sleighs. Those weie not the days of MacAdam or plank as a rule, although Yonge street watt partly niacadami/ed and a part of the roud between Hamilton and Auca^tCi'. I've ncvn twelve yoke of oxen drawing n '24-p'jundcr on wheels and liter- 6 •lly wa meet and welcome ns and the effect of their gay tunes was magical, it seemed to lift ns riglit out of the ruts and make us forget our sufferings. I have often read of the inspiring effect of music, but it is when you are about six inches down between the clay walls of cue of our old-fashioned earth roads, carrying a good pack, that y^a can appreciate it. On reaching Norwich we found that the Dr. had evidently learned thut He who fights (nd runs away, WiU live to light another day. We mad 9 the most of our disappoint- ment which was not as great however as that of Sir Garnet Woolsev and his brave volunteers on reaching Winnipeg, after 1000 mi'on march to find no Riel, and as he may yet do on reaching Kliartoum. I remember wnll how much th&t niglit I •enjoyed eatui^; my rou^t ^oo■*> at a rebel'B tiroMulft, whicJi my iinod fiiPiid the late Mri. ('olunel Kauey oi .Muuut Pleuaanthitd given me, with hnr blcHiting au wo Mt her loval hoiiRobold tlint moriiinf;. A pay hull at Col InneinoU's honpitable mansiun, and it was here I tirnt iiust the vcnerablo C(4()tir', aud a plnpsant ueeL'i vieifc at my late friend Mr. Peter Carroll's, made a very agreeable div«r«Jon for the young unldit r. An 1 eaiil before, from this we went to the Niagara frontier in Bleighs, hiving a very jolly time of it. One of tho unpleasant conbequencisB of II ung engaged in the Caroline wan the te.ir Oi being Hocretly phot by eomc oi those who had swo'-n to avenge the deBtructioa of the steamer. At on*! time in 18.'(8, we were all marked men, and I tcmcniber lot two or three weeks that all of us who wore in or about Hamilton were in constant danger of being shot, and as ni^ht canie on my triends used to ask me to stay at thnir houses, so as not to expose myself after dark. Then we wore v lioUy prevented from going into American citifit lest it ihould be known that we had been one of the party. It gives one a lively sympathy witn Irish landlords and bailiffs, and others who are open to the attentions of the dynamite fraternity. And now, in bringing my recollections to ft conclusion, let me indulge in a reflection or two. These are perilous times, and Englatd expects every man to do hisuuty. There are those among the prominent jo'irnals of the day who think the military power of Enfflaud is not to-day what it was at the close of the first (juartr or half of this century. It is not to be denied that noodern science has done much to remove England from the exceptional advantages enjoyed by her as an insular po>ver, and notably in the sovereingty of the seas. The resources of civilization are great levellers. But England to-day, in her out- lying colonies, like Canada, Australia and others, has made np for this, and large- ly strengthened herself against any Euro- p< an or other alliance. As I look at pass- ing events, they are *ending rapidly to that federation of the Empire that will give her irresistible force among the na- tions of the earth. I am glad to say I am not among the number of those who see insurmoimtable difficulties in the way of Imperial Federa- tion. The steam engine and telegraph are the great federators. To-day, Winnipeg is nearer London than Edinburgh was fifty years ago. I see in the rough machinery of war that is now touching if not strainiqg every fibre of the Empire a strong manuf-otory of opinion in favor of Federation, and what Conservative England might have taken years to bring about may, by the stern logic of necessslty, become a matter of a few months. The recent offers ot the culcides to givw aid in tho Soudan, and the mitual partici- pation of our voyageui contingent in the aseont lA the Njie, under WoUeley, tells England that the colonics, like dutiful children, are ready to share in the dangers aud tho cost of her Ciimpa'guB, wherever they may bo. I have long sten that the Ciuadiun facific railway would bo a freat factor in this proposed union. Wliatl-d t^e American Ciovernment to aid the building of their h< Ht Paeifio road ? That they might have a military road lu I'oas the continent, for without it they could noi, deal with the ho-tilo Indian tribes, and would lose California ; ond look at the couHolidation in a corimoroial, mili- tary and y)c.itical light tliat baa follmved. Four years ago our I'auitic road was in embryo. This tiinenext yinr India and AuHtrali^v will be nearer England than they cvi-r were before and a great dtal nearer Canada. We rc(!all how, iu DHcember, 18G1, at the time of the Trent difficulty, our troops had great trouble in getting from Halifax to Quebec, taking some twelve days to reach the Grand Trunk railway at Riviere du Loup ; and the lied River expedition iu 1870, under Wolselt-y, that took Beveral weeku from Thunder riay to Winnipeg. Now, with our Intercolonial and Canada Pac'fic railways, those troops could leave England and bo at Vancouver in leas time than it took to get from Halifax to Quebec. Here at once we see the spinal column of Imperial Federation. What may we not expect when we see the the grand portage between Ahiiand Europe covered by our Cansdian railway 2,898 miles long, bringing Vancouver witluTi 12 days run from England, and enablingtroojs from England to reacli TJalcutta in nearly as possible the same time as tioops from England via the Suez Canal ? And if, from any cause, political or physical. tl)C canal were closed, and the Cape had to be dou- bled, then many days shorter than' by that route. Aud what ot the anlendid com- merce of the east and west ? When Liv- erpool will find itself ten days nearer Hong Kong, and twenty-two days nearer Yoko-. hama than by the Suez Canal. And as compared with the American Pacific load, Yokohama will be 1,100 miles nearer Liv- erpool by ours. ' In a few months hence we shall see the representalives at Ottawa from Rritish Columbia as near the seat of Coverument as those from Toronto to Quebec were in 1854 ; and, within x shorter time than I will venture to predict, we shall see the colo- nial representatives sitting in a Federal Council in London, and in closer communi ^ catluii with thdir iioineH than Heotland'g rn- pr«Hc»ittttivi!» were 40 yearn ago, i{«'rn ia th« progreaa of evcnta -here tho (leveiopment ot taa fnderatioa K^nn. Uut my reooUoctinna would he of little value did T not draw tho moral — present th« practical thought— tliat thought is thia -HOLU TO CaVADA AH AN INTE(JHA1- PAKT ov THK KMPIRK. Be, «troiig ill loya' Pttach- inont to tiie Crown, and detorniiucd to do what in you IJ«8 to perfect the bond be- tween the mother country and the colonii'B. The dethronement of Kngland, with all her preaent troublea, bua not yet taken place. B hind the Throne ia a jjroator than Pitt, or Disraeli, or O'adatone. Shu baa her destiny yet to fiilHI. Towardii thra every Canadian young ui uld may contribute. Uii>tory repeatH itaeif oouiinually. Ju lookiukt back at the leudini; events in our history I am amazed t«« aao how Eimnll events and almost individual "*toits have worked great ri'aults. Ovviug to Hir Kraucin Uead having oent all the regular troops to Lower (^anada, Upper CauaiU in 1337 waa very nearly lost to Britain. The timely arrival at Toronto that nicht of Col. MacNab in the attareKjr "CJore." with hi8 .'ifi men, gave fresh c nrage to the loyal party, alarmed tho rebels and saved tho (!ity for tho night and until reinforcements could could come from other quaiters ; t!i»iu the destruction of the Caroline and (^ol. Prince's summary punishment of tho iuyadera, saved v'anada at that critical period. Then look back at the war of 1812-15. Upon how slight a thread did British supremacy then seem to hang wlieu expos- < d to a hostile frontier of 2,000 miles and a po'>ple whose bitterness to ua was th'it of our own ocusms. See what the prompt action of a Brock could do in the expulsion of the enemy from the western peninsula and the capture of Detroit. And so at Queenaton Heights, Chautegay, Ac. Looking further back, but for the combi- iiation of American and French forces at \'orktown in 1781 ours might ytt be t\\6 Mi English colonies and all the splendour of their development into tho groat nation taoy now are ; and looking still further luijuk to tbe Conquest of Qacbco by Wolfe ia Sept, 1759, we seethe f«.l! of the bVench (in ibis continent ; and but fur that victory that day, there might have been no United States of America, for th« LS coluniee with Biitish power on this continent would in all probability have been forever driven - baijk into the sea. AJotives are great forces, l^et the voung men and the young maidens— the future mothers of loyaliats — learn the preSoua lesson of devctieu to their country. Learn to be tfrne — True as the dial to the sun , Although it be not shone upon. f/it no proapeot of aocial or pecuniary ad- vaut- litioal, educational, commercial, aooial and chriatian inlliences than any other section of the world in proportion to its popula- tion. Why la It that every Ameiican youth is radiant with patriotism " Keoauau, as a native born, he may be the President of the great Republic, and the more humble his 1 irth and life the better his proapccts. ILre is a motive power and what is the reault ? A nation of ardent, intelliffont patiiota, ready for any aacrlHce for the good of their country, and (^od knows tnat Do nation in tho history of the world, has ever made so great a sacrifice for truth and liberty aa thia. And they ire prepared to make yet further sacrifices for thsir liberties as a christian people. The old puritan fires are yet there and they will flash up yet in defence of truth and right. Where is the politioal prophet who can foretell the effect of that Bible incident at the inauguratiu'i of Mr. Cleveland, when he was aworn into the high dignity of Vrts suieut of sixty milliona of freemen upon the Bible which hia good mother gave him when he left hone? What a harvest of Bibles will yet be put into the sacks of the youth of America ! What an influence for ^ood will that good Christian mother have wrought throuMiout the worlAin that gift ! C) that more Bibles were given by the mothers of America and Canada to their Rons as they laave home ! Then would there be more patriots — more Clevelands — Garfields — Waahingtova — Havelocks- -Gor- dons and Gladstones ! But as the young American looks for- ward to the Presidency let the young men of Canada look forward to being the worthy successors of Sir John A. Macdonald and other distinguished colouista— Sir John be- ing now pronqninced by Blackv ood's Maga- zine as the foremost colonial statesman, and who as a member of the Privy Council of England may yet come to enjoy th!a dis- tinction ainotig Imperial statesmen. Let the young Canadian feel that be has a future before him that would make him the Premier of England, with her empire of 300,000,000 of subjects ; and may he feel that every energy of his life shall be givt u to her unity and supremacy, and hia last prayer be England forever. 'Tis a glorious charter denv it who can That ia brea^hwi iu the words I'm an Englishman. I aotbMaroh, 1886. Yours truly, R. S. Woods. ktive ijukH a po- and Jtion th ia iH a t of mure hit sud lent, -itice (^od tho •ifice they ficea jple. and ruth I can it at irhea Vtb ithe him Bt o! the 3 for tiave {ift! the heir oald ds— Gof- fer- men rthy and I bo- aga- rian, iDcil dis- Let as a 1 the e o! feel ivt u laat an 1 an >S.